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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WfST  MAIN  STREET 

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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


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1 

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6 

COLLECTION 


O    F 


Voyages  and  Travels, 


S   O    M    E 


Now  firft  Printed  from  Original Manufcripts, 


OTHERS 


Now  Firrt    Publifhed  in   English. 

In  Six  VOLUMES. 

With  a  General  Preface,  giving  an  Account  of  the 
Progrefs  of  Navigation,  from  its  firft  Beginning. 


«... 


Illuftrated  with   a  gr^  Number  of  ufefbl  Maps  and  Cuts, 
Curioufly  Engraven. 


Vol.     V. 


LONDON: 
Printed  by  Aingnmcnt  from   Mc(P=  Churchill, 
Tot  John  Walthoe,  over-a&iinft  the  Royal-Exchame,  in  Cw,/,,//-'  Tho  W«^, 
at  the  .;),.r.^..//..,/  and  Uree  Daggers  ovcr'-againll   t  Ljla'skJcCl^^^^^^^ 

at  the  A.,    next  the  W-r.^"-^^,    in  M^^^^  Sk.ckbu.o., 

C,oJ.K.ys,  againft  St.  Dunjlan's  Church,  i^^eetSru!.  'm!dCC  XXXIl.       '''"'■'   "'•  '^' 


y 


u 


'*  *, 


■  I 


D  E  S  C  R  I  P  T  lO  N 

O  F     T  H  E 

COASTS 

O  F 

North  and  South-Guinea; 

A  N  D    o  F 

Ethiopia  Inferior,   vulgarly  Angola: 

BEING 

A  New  and  Accurate  Account  of  the   Weftern 
Maritime  Countries  of  A  F  R I G  A. 

In  Six  BOOK  S. 

CONTAINING 
A  Geographical,    Political,    and    Natural    History    of  the  Kingdoms, 
Provinces,  Common-Wealths,  Territories,  and  Iflands  belonging  to  it. 
Their    Produdl,     Inhabitants,     Manners,     Languages,     Trade,    Wars, 
Policy  and  Religion. 

With  a  full  Account  of  all  the  European  Settlements;  their  Rile, 
Progrefs,  and  Prcfcnt  Condition  ;  their  Commerce,  and  Meafures  for  improving  the  feveral 
Branches  of  the  G"«/«.  a  and  Angola  Trade. 

Alfo  of  Trade-Winds,  Breezes,  Tornadoes,   Harmatans,  Tides  and  Currents,  (^c. 

And  a  New  Relation  of  the  Province  of  Guiana^  and  of  the  great  Rivers  of 
Amazons   and  Oronoque  in  Scut h-A m e r i c a. 

With  an  APPENDIX;   being  a  General  Account 

of  the  Firft  Difcoverics  of  y^wcr/Vrt,  in  the  fourteenth  Century,  andfome 
Ohfervations  thereon.  And  a  Geographical,  Political,  and  Natural 
Hiftory  of  the  ^;/////^j-Iilands,  in  the  North-Sea  of  America. 

fc  — . — . 

Uluftratcd  with  a  great   Number  of  ufeful  Maps  and   Cuts,  engraven  on  Copper ; 
very  exactly  drawn  upon  the  Place. 

■— <^1.-*>^I.         —     ■  I         ■  ■--.    .—  ..^     .,-■■,!■     ...        I      -■—■         -  -     -.  II.  ,.„       ,  ■        I  .  ■  -. I     ■     ■■IM.      .Mil  ll.-l  ,.  ■!! 

By  JOHN   BAR  EOT, 

A  G  E  N  T-G  E  N  E  R  A  L  of  the  Royal  Company  of  Africay  and  Iflands  of 

America^    at  Paris. 

Now  Jirji  Printed  from  his  Original  Mufiuftript. 

M.  DCC.  XXXII. 


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■  T  is  certain,  that  to  judge  well  f>*' 
parts,  the  whole  ought  firii  to  be 
confider'd. 

According  to  this  maxim,  and  in 
order  to  give  a  juft  Idea  of  the  parts 
rica  I  am  to  defcribe  in  this  volumi-,  ' 
will  prefent  tlie  reader  with  a  general  view 
of  that  quarter  of  the  univerfe,  thi.t  lie  may 
tlieljettcr  judge  of  their  relation  to  eutl'i  o- 
ther. 

For  this  purpofc,  1  fliall  confider  the 
whole  terrefti  ial  globe,  as  divided  into  three 
piimipal  parts,  viz.  die  old,  the  new,  and 
the  unknown  world.  The  firll,  which  is 
our  'ontinenr,  lies  in  the  fupcrior  hemi- 
fpi.ie  in  rcfpeft  to  us,  and  comprehends 
E  rot.'i:,  Jjiii,  andy^/«i</.  Tlie  fccond, 
which  is  America,  is  in  the  inferior  hemi- 
fphcre.  And  the  thini,  which  comprchendj 
the  Ai£tick  and  the  AntnrBick  world,  is  in 
both  the  one  and  the  other  hcmifphcrc. 

Befides  thefe  main  parts  of  the  terreftrial 
globe,  there  are  feveral  I/laiids,  which  are 
commonly  afllgn'd  to  the  neareft  continent. 

After  the  flooil,  the  earth  was  divided  into 

three  parts,  according  to  the  number  of  the 

•L.i.c.5.'^'"''^'''^^"  of  Noah  ;  Ajia,  according  to*'jfoj'e' 

/I/&//J,  fell  to  ihefliareof^fw  1  yi^Wid  to  that 

of  Cham ;  and  Europe  to  that  of  Japbet. 

1  o  contlrie  oui  ftlvca  m  /tft  fia  only,  il  may 
be  confider'd  as  the  largeft  peninfula  in  the 
world,  and  as  the  fecond  part  of  our  conti- 
nent in  largcnefs.  TheOav(«,  the  MeAitcr- 
raneaii,  and  the  Rid-Sea  encompafs  it  almoft 
all  round  -,  for  it  Iwlds  to  the  continent  of 
Jfia  only  by  the  Ijlhmus  of  Suez,  which 
lies  betwixt  the  two  latter  of  thofe  feas,  be- 
ing not  above  eighty  lingUjh  miles  broad. 

The  fituation  of  Africa,  is  betwixt  i  and 
85  degrees  of  longitude  from  the  meridian 
of  Faro  •,  and  between  34  of  north,  and 
35  degrees  of  fouth  latitude  :  fo  that  the  E- 
ouiiur  i.\xx.%  it  into  twoalmolt  equal  Seiftions. 
Its  lengtli  and  breadth  are  generally  dcter- 
•  mined  by  the  four  capes,  or  promontories 
it  has  towards  the  four  regions  of  tiie  uni- 
verl'e  ;  c.pe  Bma  on  the  north,  the  cape  of 
Good-IJoif  on  the  fouth,  cape  Guardujuy  on 
the  cart,  and  tape /^trJ^  on  the  weft. 

The  two  laft  capes  determine  its  length  of 
about  1350,  and  the  two  former  its  breadth 

Vo  L.  V. 


of  near  1400  leagues.  Thus  it  is  i'maller 
than  Afta,  whieli  lies  eaft  of  it ,  and  much 
larger  than  Europe,  which  is  on  the  north  \ 
and  much  more  thinly  peopled  than  either 
of  them. 

As  it  lies  in  the  Torrid  Zone,  the  heat  is  ex- 
cefli  ve,which  is  the  reafon  it  has  fo  few  iniiali- 
tants,  and  fom.my  monftersand  fi.  ri  e  animals. 

Authors  chffcr  very  much  about  the 
etymology  of  its  name:  \\\iAlr:eks  call'd  it 
Lybiu,  Oljmpia,  Curipbea,  llefperia,  O^y- 
gia.  Ammonites,  Eihup..!,  Cyreiie,  Cephe- 
nia,  E>ia,  .ind  0//j.;,;/i»;  but  thefe  were  ra 
ther  names  of  parts  tiian  of  the  whole.  Tiie 
Latins  call  it  only  Lyhia  and  Africa.  The 
Moors,  y-lJkebulun ;  the  L.di'!n>,  Biz.ca.h; 
a.wXi[\t  Arabs,  Ifiiiquia;  Irom  which,  ftran- 
gers  dunging  the  /  into  A,  call  it  Africa, 
as  do  the  L<j///7x,  Italians,  Sjanuirds,  FrciiJj, 
Dutch,  and  other«.  "Jofephus  fays,  it  receiv'd 
the  name  from  0;  hres  grandfon  of  Abraham, 
who  is  named  in  +  Geih'fts,Hepber;  dndClodo-  fCh.  ij-. 
menes,  cited  by  \\  Jofephuj,  calls  himj. iphra/n,  II L.  i .  c. S. 
and  that  he  fought  jointly  with  his  two  Bro- 
thers, fons  of  Abraham  by  Ketura,  i.  r  A- 
phramindSur,  in  L\tia,  ■dgii\r.^-^"'<^us,  un- 
der the  conuudl  of  y.^>-ui-s.  Some  alfo  de- 
rive the  n>"'-  0*  Africa  from  the  Hebrew 
^■^iii  Aphar,  i.  e.  Dijl  j  but  Bochartus  in  his 
CanaJH  takes  the  trueft  etymology  from  the 
Punick  v/ord  Pherik,  an  ear  of  corn,  becaufe 
of  the  great  plenty  of  corn  produced  in  E- 
gypt,  Barbary,  and  many  other  countries  of 
Africa. 

Africa  is  of  a  pyramidal  or  triangular 
form,  the  bafis  whereof  extends  along  the 
Mediterranean,  from  the  mouths  of  the  Nile, 
to  the  ftri  ights  of  Gibraltar :  the  other  two 
fides  are  water'd  on  the  eaft  by  the  Red  and 
Indian  feas,  and  on  the  weft  by  ihtAtlantick 
ocean. 

When  the  fons  of  A'odi  divided  the  world 
among  themfclves,  the  lot  of  Cham,  as  Jo- 
fephus relates,  contain'd  all  the  countries 
from  the  mountains  Amanus  and  Libanus  to 
the  weftern  ocean,  and  his  children  gave 
them  their  own  names  i  fome  of  which  are 
now  entirely  loft,  and  others  fo  much  cor- 
rupted, that  they  are  fcarct  to  be  known. 
Only  the  ttbio/ians,  defcended  from  Chus, 
Cham's  Mild  fon,  have  retain'd  their  name, 
B  not 


The  IntrodiiHory  Difcourfe. 


not  only  amonp  thrmfclvc;,  but  in  Icver.il 
|>.»ns  oi  ////i/,  wlicrc  they  art-  llill  <  illM 
Cbufiaiis.  /^l,'.v/'^  I  .iHM  Mi'jri-  troin  .inotlicr 
Ion  of  Cbitm,  who  liorc  tint  niini-,  is  llill 
known  by  it.  Bcfules  thed-,  Icaicc  .my  will 
be  foiini.lth.it  ivivc  n.iimsot  Inch  antiqiiiiy, 
noiilofs  it  belong  to  this  worU  tocmiuiir 
Co  nicely  into  tlicori^;in.i!  pi  tljpli-  goiintrics. 
I  et.U  luffi<;('  ttlviC  tl)c>i'olUrity  ol  Q^.im  full 
pcuplcu  yifrica,  «t'  which  we  are  .now  to 
Ipi'.ik. 

I'lic  K^yptiiiiik'mii'ivicrc  liic  firll  wc  ii.ive 
any  account  of  in  that  y.m  ot  the  worlil, 
unil  of  thcin  the  fcripturc  makes  mention  i 
and  Jocfbui,  Herodotus,  Diodorui  Siciiliis, 
and  others  iiavc  writ  much.  The  next  great 
ftatc  wc  Hnd  there,  was  the  commonwealth 
of  Cditljir^r,  wiiich  was  viry  potent  ;  and 
the  kings  oi  Numidta  were  alio  confiderabie 
in  tliofedaysi  but  both  thealorcfaid  king- 
tloms  and  the  commonwealth  were  lubdu'd 
by  the  liowiins,  ami  continu'd  fubjefl  to  the 
emperors  till  the  fifth  century,  whcnGVwy^- 
ridis,  king  of  the  Sandals,  pals'd  over  out 
ot  Spain  into  Africa,  and  there  laid  the 
foundation  of  the  kingdom  of  the  yniidals ; 
which  continu'd  till  the  year  534,  when  the 
renown'd  general  Hdifarim  recover'd  that 
country  from  Gilimcr  the  fixth  and  laft  king 
of  thole  people. 

In  tile  year  647,  the  Jrtibi,  call'd  Jga- 
rcniatu  and  Sara,  ins,  being  Mahomehins, 
cntcr'd  Africa,  from  Arabia  Felix,  in  the 
reign  of  the  emjieror  Honorius,  and  fill'd  it 
with  their  race  and  fed.  The  Turks  have 
fincc  nude  thcmfelves  abfolutc  mailers  of 
E^\pt,  and  a  great  part  of  Barb.iry  is  tribu- 
tary to  them.  The  kings  of  Spain  .tnd  Por- 
tugal li;ive  poffels'd  themfelvcs  of  feveral 
towns  along  ii>.  ro.tft,  fome  of  which  they 
ftill  hold.  But  this  reUi.c  only  to  the  nor- 
tlicrn  part  oi  Africa,  lying  along  tU-  Medi- 
terranean ;  the  fouthern  parts  were  but  lit- 
tle, or  not  at  all  known  to  the' ancients.  Let 
us  proceed  tothedefcription. 

Two  thirds  of  Africa  lying  under  die  tor- 
rid zone,  the  heats  are  there  very  violent, 
and  they  are  increas'd  by  the  nature  of  the 
country  ;  for  mod  of  the  middle  parts  being 
fandy,  the  refledtion  of  the  fun  makes  tliem 
the  more  infupportable.  .AH  thofe  vaft  fan- 
dy regions  are  little  inhabited,  as  fcarco  pro- 
ducing any  thing  for  the  fupport  of  life, 
nor  affording  water.  Befides,  where  the  fand 
affords  ;uiy  thing  for  living  creatures  to  fub- 
fift  on,  it  fwarms  with  multitudes  of  rave- 
nous wild  bealh,  asljons,  leopards,  tygers, 
panthers,  ounces,  wild  cats,  and  prodigious 
venomous  ferpents,  and  the  waters  are  full 
of  crocodiles.  There  are  alfo  camels,  dro- 
medaries, buffaloes,  horfes,  afles,  and  ma- 
ny other  forts  of  creatures. 

In  the  more  fertile  parts,  the  cattle  are 
large  and  fat-,  in  the  barren,  poor  and /mall. 


There  is  great  variety  of  excellent  fruit  and 
pl.uits,  \\m\,-  very  wholeloine,  arid  others 
of  a  poifonous  n.iturc-,  of  which  latter  fort 
the  AJad  is  lingular,  lor  one  dram  of  it  is 
immediate  ilc.uh.  In  feveral  parts  there  arc 
mines  of  gold,  filvcr,  copper,  tin,  iron, 
cryllil,  fait,  and  (juirriesof  marble  and 
other  fortsof  (lone.  Of.dlthe  regions  ()i 
Afr^ifl,  iP^ihtry  \s  |he  bqlt  and  ni"ll  c(>nvc 
nicnt-to'l  Luc  111,  iho'  i'.nfft  and  il:U)i»/ia  arc 
more  renowned,  li  iri\ir\  is  not  only  the 
bell,  but  the  moll  populous  part  of  Afridi ; 
as  moll  properly  lituateil  tiiir  trade,  ,ind 
abounding  in  corn.  It  is  that  part,  which 
lies  all  along  the  Mejiterranriin  from  (iu: 
Oce.ui  to  i'gypt,  and  contains  the  antiwiu. 
Alaiiniama,  Api,a  properly  fo  call(.l,,rtiul 
part  of  f.ybit.  At  pieleni  there  are  in  it  slie 
kingiloms  of  I'ez  and  Morocio,  on  the  wofl  -, 
and  to  the  eallward  of  them,  "Trcmejfcii, 
Tiiiiii,  Algier,  Tripoli,  and  Barca. 

The  molf  confideralile  rivers  in  Africa  are, 
the  Nilr,  th"  Ni^i^rr,  and  the  Zaire  ;  of  which 
two  lall,  I  fhall  have  occilion  to  llH.ik  in 
the  ilefcription  of  Nip-ilia,  or  the  Loicer- 
I'.thinjia. 

I  will  not  enter  upon  the  feveral  divifions 
oi  Africa,  in  the  time  of  the  Komaiif,  and 
of  Ptolemy,  who  liv'd  at  Alexandrui  in 
E^ypt,  in  the  fecond  century  •,  tor  then  very 
little  of  the  interior  part  of  it  was  known, 
as  .apjx-ars  by  the  many  fabulous  accounts  of 
itfet  forth  by  authors  of  thole  times,  lb  full 
ofabfurditics,  that  they  are  not  worth  taking 
notice  of.  Ptolemy  goes  no  farther  than 
24  degrees  of  fouth  latitude  along  the  coalt, 
where  he  places  his  Prajfum  Promontoruim, 
now  call'd  cape  Conientes,  in  the  province 
of  Chicanga,  Ibuth  of  Sofda  ;  but  fays  no- 
thing of  it  farther  fouthward,  either  on  the 
call  or  weft  fides,  being  fully  perfuaded  that 
the  inhabitants  beyond  that  were  utterly  d- 
vn^»  iml  inhuman,  and  therctbn^  call'd 
them  Anlbropnfbagi  Ethiopes,  that  is,  man- 
eating  Ethiopians.  About  the  year  i486, 
Barlbohmew  Diaz,  a  Portuguefe,  I'ailed  round 
the  cape  of  Good-Hope,  and  by  that  means 
made  us  fully  acquainted  with  tiie  utmoU 
extent  of  Africa. 

Several  geographers  much  more  modern 
than  Ptolemy  knew  little  more  of  that  part 
of  the  world  ;  and  'fobn  Lea  Africanus,  who 
lived  in  the  ye.'.r  1526,  notwithilandiiig  the 
great  care  he  pretends  to  have  taken,  aid 
not  fucceed  in  his  divifion ;  for  he  makes 
but  four  parts,  which  are  Barbary,  Nitmi- 
dia  or  Biledul^rrid,  Lybia,  and  Nivritia, 
by  the  Arabs  call'd  Beled  Ala  Abid. 

One  of  the  bell  modern  general  divifions 
of  Africa,  is  that  which  makes  four  parts  of 
it,  viz.  the  countries  of  the  IVbites,  wherein 
are  comprehended  Egypt,  Barbary,  Numi- 
dia  or  BileJulgerid,  and  Zabara,  or  the  Pe- 
ferts.    Secondly,  the  country  of  the  Blacks, 

or 


The  Introdu^ory  Difceiirfe. 


s  no- 
on the 
th.it 
y  lu- 
nllM 

man- 
+86, 
ound 

means 

cmolt 

lodern 


aid 
makes 
Numi- 

vifions 
)arts  of 
herein 
Ntimi- 
le  De- 
^ilacki, 
or 


i 


o'  Nij^riiia,  in  which  are  Guinea,  Siibia,  and 
,j  .riutthi'  IVilhrn  Etbirpia.  Thinlly,  Eiiio- 
fia  ptoptrly  (b  cill'd,  which  may  be  fulxli- 
vided  into  the  l//)/'*r  and  tlie  Lower  \  which 
Jart  contains  Conffi,  Monotnofapa,  Cafreria, 
niid  Zaiiquebai:  The  fourth  jxirt  confiftsof 
the  ill.tncls  lying  ahoiit  Africa,  in  the  lied 
ScJ,  the  Ocean,  .md  the  M,:ililerranean, 

'I'luis  much  may  liifficc  (.oncoming  /ifrica 
ingener.d,  it  Ix-ing  foreign  from  the  fubjctl 
in  hand  to  treat  any  more  fully  of  it,  there 
being  many  accounts  in  fevcral  languages 
extant,  wliich  the  curious  reader  may  coji- 
luit.  1  proceed  to  that  which  makes  mere 
corny  purpofe. 

It  will  not  be  improper,  before  I  enter  up- 
on tlic  dcfcripiion  of  that  part  o\'  Africa  com- 
monly cali'd  Guinea,  to  give  fome  account 
of  the  etymology  of  that  naiiu-,  and  of  the 
fituaiion,  extent  and  limits  of  the  country, 
for  the  better  information  of  fuch  as  are  un- 
acquainted therewith  i  having  obfervM,  that 
very  few  writers  have  taken  upon  them  to 
Hate  thofe  things  right,  and  that  not  one 
traveller  1  nave  met  with  has  been  caretul  in 
till  fe  particulars.  And  it  is  a  great  misfor- 
tune that  among  fuch  a  multitude  of  men  as 
have  been  eniploy'd  in  voyages  to  Guinea, 
and  refiding  there,  fii'  .  navigation  has  been 
■brought  to  the  prefent  perfefcion,  fo  iew 
have  been  curious  to  make  proper  remarks 
and  obfervations  ot  what  might  be  found  en- 
tcrtainmg  and  ufeful. 

This  defed  is  fo  univerfal,  that  I  have 
•known  many,  and  among  them  fome  who 
•ha\'e  hail  good  education,  yet  after  feveraJ 
■voyages  made  to  Guiiiej,  or  refiding  there 
many  years,  could  fcarce  give  any  tolerable 
account  of  thofe  parts,  but  only  in  general, 
and  after  a  very  confus'd  manner  -,  nor  were 
they  provided  with  any  printed  accounts  of 
tliofe  countries,  to  compare  their  own  parti- 
cular obfervations  with  them. 

This  omiflTion,  I  am  of  opinion,  proceeds 
fiom  the  opinion  generally  conceiv'd,  that 
Guinea  and  Amerita  are  already  fo  well 
known,  that  it  is  not  worth  their  trouble  to 
make  any  farther  obfervations,  than  what 
hiive  been  already  publifli'd  in  feveral  lan- 
guages •,  never  confidering^  that  countries 
of  fuch  a  vaft  extent  daily  afford  m;itterof 
new  difcoveries,  and  that  it  isimpolTible  for 
tliofc  who  have  writ  already,  tho*  ever  lb 
capable  and  indefatigable,  to  have  feen  and 
found  out  all  things. 

This  being  granted,  any  man  may  juftly 
conclude  there  is  ftill  room  enough  for  his 
remarks,  among  fo  great  a  divcrfity  of 
people  and  nations  as  are  contain'd  in  fuch  a 
valt  tract  of  land.  Befides,  there  is  fcarce 
any  other  voyage  that  will  afford  a  man 
more  leifure  to  obferve  and  write,  whether 
he  goes  only  on  a  trading  voyage,  orrefides 
there  -,  bccaufe  there  is  not  always  a  brisk 


trade,  fo  that  every  man  may  have  fparc 
hours  to  make  his  remarks,  and  write  thcin 
down  as  they  occur  i  all  whiih  may  Ik  after- 
wards tranlcrib'J  during  the  palfige  from 
one  continent  to  the  other,  for  that  ( oin- 
monly  lafts  two  months,  and  Ibnietimos 
longer  ;  and  two  or  three  hours  every  day 
may  be  better  cmploy'd  that  way,  than  iu 
drinking,  gaming,  or  other  idle  diverfiorv* 
too  frequently  ulcd. 

It  is  not  always  incapatity  that  oWlruds 
the  making  of  fuch  ohlervaiions,  but  rather 
a  llothful  difpofuioQ  -,    for  there  ate  men 
enough  of  fo  much  fcnfe  and  judgment,  as 
to  be  able  to  give  a  rational  account  of  what 
thi'y  lee  and  hear,  and  to  dillingiiilh  bLtweeu 
what  is,  and  what  is  not  worth  thtirnoting 
down,  eipecially  when  they  have  had  any 
liberal   etlucation.    Perhaps  there  are  not 
many  fuch,  that  will  cxpolc  themlllves  to 
the  dangers  and  fatigues  ot  fuch  voyiiges : 
but  if  they  couid  conceive  how  great  a  fatif- 
fatlion  it  is  to  fee  remote  and  llrangc  coun- 
tries, andtooblervc  rlw  various  eti'eds  of 
n.iture  in  them,    their  number  would  cer- 
tainly be  much  greater,    and  they  would 
chcarfuUy  expofe  thcmlclves  for  the  plealure 
of  contemplating  the  glorious  effefts  ot  pro- 
vidence, and  the  reputation  of  tranfmitting 
fuch  works  to  pofterity.    For  iny  own  part, 
I  muft  own  J  have  often  lamented  my  misfor- 
tune,   of  not  having  been  brought  up  to 
learning,  which  difables  me  from  delivering 
what  I  have  oblerv'd  in  Guijiea  and  America, 
in  fo  good  a  method,  and  with  fuch  elegancy 
of  rtyle,  as  might  be  expefted  •,   efpccially 
writing  in  a  language  which  is  not  natural 
to  me.     The  only  fatisfadlion  I  have,  is,  that 
my  pencil  has  made  fome  amends  lc>r  ihe 
defedfs  of  my  pen  and  want  or"  literature, 
which  encourag'd  '"«■  lo  prelent  my  readers 
with  fo  fwo'iy  cuts  as  are  contained  in  this 
Dook,  all  the  draughts  being  taken  by  me 
upon  the  fpot.     Another  inducement  was,, 
that  I  obferv'd  the  beft  accounts  we  have  of 
Guinea,  are  all  deficient  in  this  particular  of 
good  cuts  i  for  without  refleding  upon  any 
perfoh  whatfoever,  I  mull  affirm  that  what 
has  hitherto  been  made  publick  of  this  fort, 
is  nothing  cxaft,    or  to  be  depended  on : 
and  for  thofe  I  here  prefent  the  world,  I  can 
fafely  protcft,  they  are  exad  and  lively  repre- 
fentations  of  the  things  themfelves,  as  near 
as  my  skill  could  reach. 

To  come  now  to  the  fubjeft  in  hand,  viz. 
the  etymology  of  the  mxme  of  Guinea,  being 
a  confiderable  part  of  the  country  of  t\v£ 
Blacks  lying  along  the  fea-coa(l :  It  is  un- 
queftionably  deriv'd  from  that  of  Genebea, 
another  province  of  Nigritia,  or  the  country 
of  the  Blacks,  lying  betwixt  that  of  Gwa/a/a, 
which  is  on  the  north  of  it,  and  the  river 
Senega  on  the  fouth  v  along  the  north  fide 
of  which  river,    this  province  of  Genehoa 

extends 


The  Introchi&ory  Difcourfc. 


extcnih  ;ilwve  clglity  Itagtics  up  the  country 
caKw.inl, 

I'lic  natives  of  this  country  cill  it  Ceunii, 
or  6V»)f,  ancirnt  f^cograplu-rs  M,inil'iri,  anil 
till-  JfncMi  rncrihants  aiul  /lr,ih<,  (Hu-niVi 
and  Gfttiho.t  -,  from  which,  the  tiril  I'ortu- 
Xull'  liifcovcreri  corruptly  caiiu'  to  name  it 
Giiineii,  or,  ai  they  pronounce  it,  (imnc; 
which  appellation  they  ^;ave  to  all  the  coun- 
tries they  luciifTivcly  ililcovcreil  from  the 
river  Seni^it  to  that  ot  Cimvcnn,  wliiili 
lalt  is  in  the  p^ulph  ol  (hiinca:  aiul  many 
have  lince  ext(  luleil  this  name  ol  Guiiim  to 
the(Ountry  Hill  l()Uihwaril,  as  tar  as  <ape 
I.opi  d'HZiiU;  i  ami  others  hcyontl  lienguda^ 
which  is  to  the  touthwanlot  .in^oui,  as  tar 
as  ca|)c  AV^rff,  in  1 6  degrees  of  fouth  lati- 
tude. 

I.itllo  or  nothing  of  thefc  countries  having 
been  known  in  former  ages,  modern  geogra- 
phers have  iK'cn  obliged,  in  this  and  manv 
othi  r  particulars,  to  take  up  blindly  with 
whatlbever  accounts  travellers  could  give  of 
thofe  parts  •,  and  accordingly,  alter  the  ex- 
ample of  the  Porlugiifji,  applied  the  name 
of  Cniwti  to  all  the  above-mentioned  coun- 
tries. Antient  geography  could  not  alford 
them  mu(  h  light  in  this  particular ;  yet 
Ptnltiny,  m  the  fecond  century,  fays  lon- 
ccrning  the  name  of  Guinea,  that  it  is  a  word 
of  the  country,  and  fignifies  hot  and  dry, 
to  ilenote  tlie  temjierature  of  thecliinate,  aa 
being  in  rhe  torrid  zone.  The  fame  author 
places  in  thofe  countries  the  people  Rerorct, 
Leve .'Eib'wpfs,  /Ijhriaron^s,  D.rbici,  and 
others  fuccefTively.  and  in  one  of  his  eight 
books  of  geography,  where  he  treats  ot  .'V;- 
griiia  and  Guinea,  he  places  the  Sopbticici 
yHthiopi-s  betwixt  Surra  Leona  and  Rio 
Grande  ;  the  ■/"sin'riiitr.'Etbiopes  from  Sierra 
Leona  to  cape  Palmas,  an,l  the  Perorfi  far- 
ther inland  than  the  others.  ButK  Niiritia 
and  Gtiwea  are  there  inditTerently  laid  down 
under  the  denomination  o\  i<ignlarumRe^io. 


Nig'iiia,  Guinea  jirop.-rly  to  call'd,  and 
the  Lower h.ti.'iopia  ;  but  lea  taring  mm,  who 
are  not  commonly  conlinM  to  methiKls,  give 
arbitrary  n.iinrs  to  thele  leveral  couiuriis. 
The  PoriH^iiife,^\\o  teem  with  mull  right 
to  ilaim  the  tirll  dilcovery  thercot,  diviilc  it 
only  into  two  parts,thc  U/iper  .{rn.\  OwLctver 
Guinea  ;  the  upper,  that  which  is  on  this 
fide  theeijuator,  and  the  other  that  beyond 
it,  as  tar  as  cape  l^egra  abovemcntion'd. 

The /'Jw^/z/J  and /)/(/ri  liiiler  very  much 
in  their  ilelcriptions  of  Guinra,  tho'  they 
agree  in  the  name.  The  former  commonly 
make  North  Guinea  to  begin  at  the  river 
Gamliiii,  andextenil  it  no  firthcr  Icjuihwaril 
than  to  cape  Palmat,  in  four  degrees  ot  north 
latitude:  and  from  the  laid  cajx:  to  that  of 
cape  Gonzale:-,  in  one  ilegrec  of  fouth  Kiti- 
tude,  they  reckon  all  the  intermediate  fpacc 
Si.uib  Guinea. 

I'he  Dutch,  by  North  Guinea,  generally 
mean  all  the  country  from  cape  Brancj, 
near  Arguim,  to  the  river  of  Sii:rra  l.eoiia  \ 
and  from  that  river  lo  ca(:e  Ijife  they  reckon 
Hrjuth  (iuinra,  ilividing  it  into  lever.il  fe(ftions 
or  parts,  as  th-  Grryn  Kiijl,  the  •['ami  Kiiji, 
the  i^uaqua  Kujl,  the  Goiiile  Knit,  the  Slave 
Kiift,  the  lienin  Kiijl,  iiui  ihc  Bi^/ara  Ku/t, 
being  the  fanie  names  usM  by  the  Eii^lijl.; 
at  the  end  ot  which  lalf  is  cape  Lope.  Thefc 
again  are  fulxiivided  into  Imaller  parts, 
which  I  fhall  mention  in  the  dcfcription. 

The  Prehch  alio  greatly  liitfer  from  one 
anothi  r  in  this  refpeCt  \  and  moft  of  them  lio 
not  reckon  the  countries  lying  from  the  .SV- 
nega  to  Sierra  Leona  River,  nay,  even  to 
Cabomonie  beyond  it,  tbuiherly,  as  a  por- 
tion of  what  they  call  Guinea ;  but  diitin- 
guifli  each  country  in  particular  by  the  name 
of  the  inhabitants  thereof  on  the  fca-fide,  or 
by  that  of  the  place  .  they  trade  at,  as  Se- 
nega, Caboverde,  Goerce,  Rio  Frefco,  Por/o 
il'.JIi,  Ciwh'ti  Rijj'efos.  and  Sifrra  T .tciia  ; 
but  reckon  the  beginning  of  Guinea  propri.i 


Hence  may  be  deduced,  that  the  name  of  trom  Cabomonie,  and  lb  down  to  CamaroKes 
Guinea  has  been  impofed  on  thofe  countries  river  aforefaid,  and  Ibmc  of  them  as  tar  ai 
only  by  Kuropeam;  for  the  inhabitants  of  all     cape  Lope. 


that  tradt  ot  land  from  the  river  Senega  down 
to  cape  L'lpe,  and  even  as  far  as  c.\\Yt  Ne^ro, 
are  prtecJt  ftrangers  to  it,  non-  of  them 
knowing  what  is  meant  by  the  name  oi  Gui- 
nea, except  Ibmc  few  at  the  Gi/A/ Cod//,  who 
have  been  taught  it  by  the  Europeans  refi- 
lling amfing  them. 

This  being  luppofed,  it  is  alfo  very  pro- 
bable that  thele  vail  countries  were  after- 
wards, for  the  fake  of  method,  lubdivided 
into  diflintt  parts,  by  geographers,  as  they 
gain'd  farther  knowledg'"  of  them  in  procels 


Antient  and  modern  geographers  are  alfo 
at  variance  among  themlelves  on  this  heaii ; 
for  which  realbn  it  is  difficult  to  determine 
who  is  in  the  right.  It  is  needlefs  to  perplex 
the  reader  with  their  feveral  opinions  as  to 
the  fituation,  limits  and  extent  of  this  part 
of /Ifriea;  it  fhall  fufiice  tolay,  that  among 
the  French  .luthors,  Robhe  and  Mariineau  <iu 
P/eJ/is,  the  mofl  modern  geographers  of  that 
nation,  have  of  late  publifh'd  each  a  large 
volume  of  geography,  efteemcd  by  the 
French  the  bell  and   mofl  accurate   of  all 


of  time  i  tor  the  natives  know  nothing  of    others;  wherein  they  pretend  to  have  cor 
geograjiliy,  nor  lo  much  as  writing,  as  fh:dl     tettedS an/on,  Duval,  RauciramI  Miti  oilKis. 
be   here.ifter  ohlc-rv'd  in   its  proper  place.         Thele  two  feem  to  me  to  have  the  befl: 
The  bell  ilivifion  of  it,  made  '■;■  our  mo-     method  otdivilioii,    of  which  I  fhall  fjjcak 
liern  geograpiier,^,  is,  into  three  parts,  viz.    anon  j  for  as  to  authors  ^f  very  antient  date, 

2  as 


t-^.C.  1 


t-fcf. 


The  Introdu^ory  Difcourfe, 


i  are  alio 
lis  heai.1 ; 
^termine 
I  perplex 
U  as  to 
Ihi":  part 
It  amona 

\s  of  that 
a  larp,e 
by  the 
ic  of  all 
lave  cor 
Tethers. 

thfbea 
Jill  fpcak 
int  date, 
ai 


1 


t.f.c.  I 


L.f.c.y 


AS  Afarmtl  anil  others,  who  liave  writ  con- 
cerning Gutncii  proprii,  there  it  no  relying 
on  whit  they  luve  fiiil  \\\  to  this  point  •,  nor 
outthc  we  to  be  I'.irpriii'd  at  the  many  mi- 
ftikes  and  wrong  notions  we  fimi  in  their  ac- 
counts, if  we  ifo  but  confuler  how  little 
knowledge  the  world  had  of  that  country  in 
their  time.  M.irnnl,  who  otherwite  is  very 
commendable  for  his  account  of  Morocco, 
frtmfffcn,  'r.triittint,  Fi-z,  and  Tunis,  as 
having  been  there  a  captive  for  the  fpacc  of 
fcven  years  or  more,  and  underftanding  the 
Arabic  and  /ffruan  language,  as  he  declares 
in  his  preface  (  fo  that  Mr.  d'Abhimourt 
judg'd  It  worth  his  pains  to  tranfl  ite  him  in- 
to French  out  of  Spamjh  -,  in  what  concerns 
Guinta,  is  very  defedbve,  himfclfowniiiK  he 
he  was  never  in  Guinea,  but  only  travdkd 
the  Dfftirls  of  L\hia  from  Hurhars,  to  a  place 
call'd  Aieqiiia  Elhamnm,  on  the  confines  of 
Genehoit,  which  he  calls  Guinea,  with  Cberiff 
Mithomet,  wh-n  he  fubdued  the  weftern  pro- 
vinces of  Africa.  This  author,  I  i.\y, 
places  the  coaft  of  Male^^uetecAl  of  the  Gold 
Coa/f,  tho*  it  is  above  a  hundred  leagues  to 
the  weflward  of  it.  And  what  is  yet  more  in 
Alarmol,  it  appears  that  he  hasalmoft  every 
where  topy'd  John  Lro  Afruanin,  a  native 
ofGranadj,  who  after  it  was  taken  by  king 
Ferdintndo\'Sp:iu;,  in  1491,  "tired  into. 7/W- 
^d, where  he  compos'd  his  defci  .jjtion  of  thofc 
countries  \n  Arabic,  and  out  of  it  Mannol  did 
compile  the  belt  part  of  hisown  defcription 
of  Africa,  without  naming  him  any  where. 

To  return  to  the  mod  natural  divifion  of 
the  country  of  the  Blacks  in  Africa ;  the 
modern  authors  above-named,  make  three 
feftions  thereof,  viz.  Nigritia,  Guinea,  and 
Elhiofia  ;  and  this  laft  they  fubdivide  into 
the  Ufper  and  the  Lower  or  If^ejlern  Ethiopia 
w  Abjlfmia,  and  fay,  after  other  geographers 
of  more  antient  date  than  themfelves,  that 
thefe  councriee  were  commnnly  rnll'd  Ni^'i- 
<iVj  from  their  antient  inhabitants,  the  M- 
grita;  which  name  the  antients  took  from 
their  black  colour,  or  from  the  foil,  which  in 
fome  parts  is  burnt  by  the  excelTive  heats  of 
the  fun,  and  which  they  thought  did  fo 
blacken  them. 

Pliny  alledges  hereupon,  Suetonius  Pau- 
linus,  whom  I  knew,  fays  he,  in  his  con- 
fulfliip,  and  who  was  the  firft  of  the  Romans 
that  march'd  fome  miles  beyond  Mount- At- 
las, of  whofe  height  he  gives  much  the  fime 
account  as  others  have  done,  that  in  about 
ten  days  march  he  got  thither,  and  further 
up  the  country  to  a  river  call'd  Niger,  thro' 
defaris  of  black  duft,  and  places  uninhabi- 
table, by  reafon  of  the  excefllve  heat ;  the 
rocks  feeming  to  be  almoft  burnt  up,  tho' 
this  expedition  was  in  the  winter. 

The  fame  author  fays,    the  defarts  of 
Africa  which  nre  beyond  the  lelTer  Syrtis 
Pbnxania,  now  call'd  the  kingdom  of  Pbci- 
Vol.  V. 


zan,  were  fubdued  i  where  We  took  the  t«'o 
cities  of  Pbazani,  call'd  Alele  and  Cn 
lain:  all  was  conqurr'd  by  the  viftorious 
arms  of  the  Romans,  for  which  Corn.  Ballits 
triumph'd.  Both  cities  lay  in  near  28  tie- 
grees  of  north  latitude,  ami  53  ot  call  lon- 
gitude, from  the  firft  meridian  according 
to  Ptolemy,  betwixt  the  country  of  thcG'tf- 
ramanles  o'l  the  north,  and  the  defart  of 
Lybta  inter  or  on  the  Ibuth,  alinoft  fouth  of 
Tunis,  formerly  Carthage,  according  to  Mr, 
lie  I'Ifle'i  new  map  of  Alrita. 

The  lOyal  (bcicties  of  London  and  Paris 
have  admitted  of  the  Portuguef-  divifion  of 
Guinea  into  Up/ er  And  Lower,  reckoning  the 
former  to  exteiui  fj  om  cape  L'-do  or  Ta^nn, 
to  cape  Lope  \  and  the  latter  from  cape  Lope 
to  about  Cabo  Nijro. 

To  lay  fomething  in  particular  of  thefe 
refpedlive  parts  of  Africa,  Nigriiij,  Guincat 
and  Ethiopia. 

NIgritia,  or  Negro'- an  d>,  lies  between  S  and 
23  degrees  of  north  l.ititude,  and  from 
3  to  44  degrees  of  longitude,  from  the  meri- 
dian ol  Ferro:  thus  it  extcnJs  eight  hundred 
French  leagues  in  h-ngth,  from  eaft  to  weft» 
and  near  three  luiiulred  in  breath. 

It  is  bounded  on  the  north  and  eaft  by 
Zahara  \  on  tiie  fouth  by  Guinea  propria 
tind  Biafara;  this  being  part  of  the  L^w^r 
or  fFeflern  Ethiopia  ;  and  on  the  weft  by  tiiC 
Atlantick  or  ll^ejlern  Ocean. 

That  country  is  commonly  fubdividcd  in- 
to two  parts  J  the  one  which  lies  north  of 
the  Nig,-r  and  Gambia  Rivers ;  the  other 
fouth  of  them:  thole  two  parts  containing 
eighteen  kingdoms,  befides  fome  other  ter- 
ritories about  them. 

The  Northern  Nigritia,  according  to  the 
beft  accounts  printed  at  London  and  Paris, 
contains  ten  kingdoms,  and  fome  other 
rtates,  viz.  Gualata  and  Genehoa  on  tiie 
Ocean,  eaftward  i  Tombut,  Agidez,  Cano, 
Caffena  or  Ghana,  Zegzeg,  Zanfara  or  Pha- 
ran,  Bornou,  and  Gaoga  or  Kauxha,  and  the 
country  of  Zagbara  ;  and  betwixt  the  Senega. 
and  Gambia  rivers  are  the  kingdoms  of  the 
iiime  names,  and  thofe  of  Gelojes,  with  the 
Sereres  and  Barbecins, 

All  thefe  countries  in  general  are  popu- 
lous, and  very  woody ;  and  the  foil,  tho' 
fandy,  would  produce  great  ftore  oi Indian 
wheat  and  miller,  if  the  inhabitants  took 
better  care  to  cultivate  it.  The  air  is  very 
hot,  but  fo  wholefome,  that  it  recovers  fick 
people.  The  foil  produces  rice,  flax  and 
cotton;  and  there  are  mines  of  gold  and  fil- 
ver,  as  alfo  ambergris,  honey,  and  fruit 
trees,  efpecially  palm-trees,  which  afford 
them  wine-  The  natives,  in  fome  parts, 
value  Copper  above  Gold ;  but  want  the  skill 
of  fpinning  their  flax.  The  earth  is  more 
fertile  than  in  other  regions  of  Africa,  not 
C  onlv 


JS 


The  iKttmduBory  IMfcovrfe. 


only  becaufeitis  lefs  fandy,  but  chiefly  be- 
caufe  of  the  overflowing  of  the  Niger,  for 
forty  days  together,  yearly,  from  the  middle 
,ot  June,  to  the  latter  end  of  7''()' following, 
as  I  fliall  ofcfcrve  in  a  particular  chapter  in 
tlic  followmg  defgription.  This  river,  like 
thi"  Nile,  leaves  after  its  overflowing  a  cer- 
tain flime  which  fattens  the  earth,  efj)ecially 
in  pafture-ground.  It  traverfes  Nigrilia, 
from  call:  lo  weft,  for  above  eight  hundred 
jeagues ;  but  towards  the  welt  it  divides  into 
five  or  fix  branches,  ciich  of  which  has  a 
different  name,  viz.  Senegi,  Caml'ia,  Rio 
dt  Si.  Domiiigo,  Rio  Grande,  Rio  Rba,  and 
fome  aM  Rw  tleHaiiJuan  ,  of  this  more  in 
the  defcription. 

The  Sou ihern  Nigrilia  contains  eight  king- 
doms, bcfidi-s  feverai  other  territories.  The 
kingdoms,  to  reckon  them  from  call  to  wefl:, 
are,  Mt-iira,  Ovangara,  and  Duma,  fouth 
of  the  latter,  being  the  D>-Jarts  of  Seu :  then 
Temiaii,  Iliio,  Giibtr,  Gago,  and  the  coun- 
try of  Meczara,  witii  tiie  great  kingdom  of 
Alandinga  or  Soiij^o,  and  the  countries  of  the 
Alaliiico/w,  Sarcoids,  I'aigoh,  Galum,  aial 
Ciiuloy/'y  ov  Ciii:tnz-{.  The  other  nations  are 
the  Cajan^as,  and  the  Bifcgos,  the  former  in- 
habiting between  the  rivers  Gambia  and 
St.  Dmmgo,  the  others  betwixt  the  latter  and 
the  Niger  ;  as  do  iUfo  the  Soujoi  and  Biafarcs. 
Mod  of  the  Hiid  kingdoms  are  fubdivided 
into  many  fmallcr,  fo  little  known  to  us, 
that  it  is  not  \voith  while  to  learch  after 
their  names,  which  are  foftrange,  lliatthey 
are  not  to  be  underftood. 

Thefe  kingdoms  of  AW/' and  South  Gtii- 
ma  have  each  of  them  their  refpuiSive  capital 
towns,  of  the  fame  name  with  the  country 
wiiercin  they  are  fituated :  but  the  metro- 
polis ot  'Towl/Kt,  is  the  moft  renowned  of 
ihem  all ;  it  is  very  laigo,  and  mighty  po- 
pulous. Next  to  this,  thofe  of  Mandinga 
and  Caiio  are  reckon'd  confiderable.  The 
city  of  Mandiiiga  lies  on  the  fouthern  Cde  of 
the  Niger. 

The  Natives  of  Nigrilia  aie  lefs  favage 
than  the  people  oi  Barbary  and  Biledulgerid : 
They  are  very  ignorant,  grofs,  and  lazy  -, 
they  admire  a  man  that  knows  fomething, 
and  chcrifli  flrangers.  Moft  of  them  deal 
in  flaves,  which  they  take  of  their  neigh- 
bours ;  and  fome  fell  their  wives  and  chil- 
dren to  the  Europeans,  as  I  fljall  hereafter 
obfcrve  in  the  following  memoirs  oi Guinea, 

All  the  kings  of  Nigrilia  are  abfolute  in 
their  dominions,  and  yet  moft  of  them  are 
tributaries  to  him  of  Tombut,  as  the  moft 
puifl"ant ;  and  next  to  him  in  power,  are 
thole  oi  Mandinga  and  of  Cano,  before-men- 
tioned. They  are  all  either  loofe  Mahome- 
.tans,  or  idolaters,  inveterate  enemies  to  the 
Jewi. 

Thofe  of  the  Defarts  live  without  any  re- 
ligion J  and  what  few  Cbrijtiam  arc  among 


them,  are  very  imperfeftly  initiated  ingefpel- 
precepts. 

()f  Guinea-Propria,  or  South- 
Guinea.  .. 

THIS  country  is  the  fouthern  part  of 
Negrolaitd,  and  formerly  depended  on 
it.  It  is  not  hah  lb  broad,  but  far  more  po- 
pulous, as  lying  more  to  the  fea.  Its  boun- 
dary on  tiie  north  is  Nigrilia ;  on  the  ealt 
Biafara,  or  the  H^eftern  Mtbiopia,  which  Du 
Plcjfis  calls  North  Congo ;  but  I  fear  he  mi- 
ftakes:  on  the  fouth,  the  Ethiopick  Ocean  ; 
and  on  the  weft,  boing  there  of  a  circular 
form,  it  is  wafli'd  by  hoih.ihc  Ethiopick  und 
the  Atlanlick  Ocean  ;  this  latter  ending  about 
cape  Tagrin,  at  Sierra  Leona,  whei  e  it  takes 
the  name  of  Etbiopick,  The  Allantick  Ocean 
derives  its  name  from  Mount  Atlas  in  Bile- 
dulgerid, which  reaches  almoft  to  it,  and 
bears  that  name  as  far  as  the  cape  Finijlerre 
in  Galicia,  among  fome  geographers  ;  but  I 
believe  it  ought  not  to  be  extended  farther 
to  the  .lorthward  than  cape  S.  Vinctnt  in  Al- 
garve. 

Guinea  lies  betwixt  4  and  12  degrees  of 
north  latitude;  and  from  9  to.38  degrees  of 
longitude  :  fo  that  it  is  about  five  hundred 
and  fifty  leagues  in  length,  and  one  hundred 
and  forty  in  its  greateft  breadth,  and  fixty  in 
the  leail,  about  Rjo  Fennofo,  or  Benin  River. 
Robbe  fays,  the  French  difcover'd  Guinea  be- 
fore any  other  European  nations,  in  1346. 
But  fince  he  j^roduccs  no  manner  of  autho- 
rity for  his  affertion,  and  none  of  the  French 
hiltorians  mention  any  thing  of  it  in  their 
hiftories,  the  notion  feems  to  be  ill  groun- 
ded; of  which,  more  hereafter. 

The  fituation  of  Guinea,  near  thcEquator., 
renders  the  air  fcorching  hot ;  wiiich,  with 
the  frequent  heavy  rains  they  have,  makes  it 
very  unwholefome,  efpecially  to  foreigners. 
The  earth  is  water'd,  befides  the  rains,  by 
fcveral  little  rivers,  which  fertilize  it ;  fo 
that  in  fome  parts  of  it,  they  have  properly 
two  fummcrsand  two  winters ;  the  latter  not 
very  feverc,  as  confifting  only  of  continual 
rains,  which  occafion  the  unhealthinefs  above- 
mentioned,  but  fatten  the  ground,  and  make 
it  fit  to  produce,  as  it  does,  great  quanti- 
ties of  rice,  Guinea  pepper,  Indian  wheat, 
and  fome  lugar-canes,  {Du  Ple//>s  adds  bar- 
ley, but  I  never  heard  of  any  fuch  corn 
there)  cotton,  millet,  and  many  forts  of 
grain  and  fruits  peculiar  to  that  country. 
It  has  alfo  gold  mines,  elephants,  cattle, 
leopards,  tygers,  wild  boars,  goats,  ftieep, 
hogs,  monkeys,  apes  very  nimble  and 
fportful ;  btfides  great  numbers  of  birds  of 
various  forts,  and  jKJultry  very  fmall.  The 
fea  abounds  in  divers  kinds  of  filli,  grctt  and 
fma^l  i  of  all  which  things  I  Ihall  gjive  a 

particular 


I 


The  htrodnSoryDifcourfe. 


:portkulir  defcriptidn  in  this  volume,    at 
•iheir  proper  places. 

The  principal  rivers  are  thofc  of  MiVomirt 
or  Sierra  Ltona,  Sherho,  Plizoge,  Sejlro, 
St.  ^Andrews,  Siveiro  da  Gofta,  Maiiru.,  Folta, 
Lagos,  Fermofo,  New  Calalxir,  Old  Calabar, 
JiioMtl  Kq,  ami  Camaroiits  i  this  laft  fepa- 
rating  Guinea  from  binfam. 

Guinea  is  again  fubdivided  into  three  prin- 
cipal parts,  viz.  the  weftern,  middle,  and 
eaftern :  the  -weftern  part  is  the  coaft  of 
Malleguette ;  the  middle,  Guinea  propria, 
that  comprehending  the  Ivor-j,  the  ^^aqua, 
the  Gold,  and  the  Slave  Coajh  ;  the  eaftern, 
Benin,  and  the  coaft  from  cape  Fermofo  to 
Rio  Camarones ;  of  all  which  I  fliall  fpeak 
in  time  and  place. 

All  thefe  countries  are  govern'd  by  kings, 
and  other  fovereigns  -,  but  it  is  a  miftake  in 
Robbe  and  other  authors,  to  fuppole  an  em- 
peror of  Guinea,  as  tliey  do,  wlio  has  fub- 
dued  and  made  tributaries  mod  of  t'le  other 
powers,  reducing  their  countries  and  terri- 
tories into  one  fole  mighty  kingdom,  which 
they  call  Guinea.  This  Ihall  be  more  parf.i- 
cularly  cleared  hereaftcT  •,  for  the  very  name 
of  Guinea  is  not  fo  much  as  known  to  the  na- 
tives, as  1  have  already  oblerv'd  ;  and  this 
hnaginary  Guinean  monarchy,  was  never 
heard  of  there,  nor  clfewhere  in  /Ifi-ica ; 
and  this  defcription  will  fliow  what  great 
numbersof  petty  kings  and  commonwealths 
there  are  in  it,  all  or  moft  of  them  indepen- 
dent and  arbitrary. 

As  to  the  manners  of  the  Gnincans,  their 
trade,  govcrnmeirt,  religious  worniip,  i^c, 
thofe  will  be  treated  of  in  the  defcription 
and  the  fupplement,  to  which  I  refer. 

Of  the  Lower  or  Inferior 
Ethiopia. 

BEtwixt  Guinea  and  C»ngo  are  fcveral  ter- 
ritories, which  fome   antient  authors 
comprehended,together  mxhGuinea  propria, 
in  Nigritia  ;  but  the  modern,  with  more  rea- 
fon,  account  tlwm  all  as  a  part  of  Etbiojia 
exterior.     Generally  thofe  countries  are  fub- 
divided into  three  parts,  viz.  the  kingdoms 
oi  Biafara,  Gabon,  cape  Lope  Gonzalez,  as 
the  chiefeft ;    and  extending  from  north  to 
fouth  their  coafts,   with  thofe  of  Ouzverrr, 
Callabttr,  and  Del  Key,  forming  the  gulph 
oi  Guinea,  by  the  antients  cnW'd  ^tLiopiius 
fiHus  intinuts,  and  now  by  the  £;/f////j  mari- 
ners the  Btght  of  Guinea.    The  other  j-ietty 
kingdoms  adjoining   to   the   three  above- 
named,   arc  TWifJrtf,    Capon,    and  Cntombo 
or  Cajumbo ;  and  next  the  fouth  fide  of  cape 
Lope,  the  territories  of  Comma,  Goby,  and 
Selte,  which  are  properly  commonwealths. 
After  them,  ftill  to  the  fouthward,  lies  the 
iungflom  oi' LtOit^t  hy  Pigaf eta  call'd  Bni' 


mas,  beginning  below  cape  St.  Catharine  \ 
then  thole  of  Cacongo,  Bomangoy,  Congo, 
yingola  or  Dongo,  "'\d  Benguela. 

Totheeaftward  of  all  thefe  countries,  lie 
the  vaft  territories  of  the  Anzicains  and  the 
'Jagos,  two  populous,  but  very  barbarous 
wild  nations,  and  man-eatersj  which  are  yet 
fubdivided  into  feveral  tribes  and  colonies, 
under  different  denominations.  All  thefe 
kingdoms  and  territories  above-mention'd, 
with  thofe  of  5K/;go,  Macoco,  Giringroinira, 
and  Mujac,  nations  inhabiting  caftward  of 
the  former,  do  all  together  conftitute  what 
geographers  call  thtLoiuer,  oxlVeJlern,  Ex- 
terior Ethiopia. 

This  name  of  Ethiopia  is  Greek,  and  fig  ■ 
nifies  a  country  of  Blacks;  but  tiie  antiencs 
more  particularly  adapted  it  to  the  country 
of  the  Jbyfftnei,  above  any  other  i  and  the 
Europeans  have  follow'd  them  therein,  till 
this  time,  calling  all  thefe  vaft  countries  by 
the  name  of  Ethiopia  in  general:  but  the 
F.ihioj:ia/is  themfelves  know  nothing  of  any 
fuch  name. 

Some  authors  derive  this  name  from 
Elhiops  the  fon  of  Vulcan  ;  or  from  the  Greek 
word  Ait /jo.  Hum,  as  P./vvdoes. 

Ethiopia  iritcriar  compiehends  /l'.'\l]iina  or 
the  empire  of  the  Abyffines,  and  Nubij, 
which  is  to  the  northward  of  it. 

Ethiopia  exterior  comprehends  the  king- 
dom of  Biafara,  with  the  others  1  have 
named  above,  that  join  to  it  about  the  gulph 
and  cape  Lope ;  as  Loango,  Cacongo,  Angola, 
and  B':ngt!cla,  lying  on  the  lea  :  as  alfo  the 
countries  of  the  Anzicains  and  the  Jagos  in- 
land ;  and  next  to  the  others  eaftward,  the 
coafts  of  Mii/awrt»  and  the  Cafres,  the  em- 
pires of  Mo}iomot.ipa  and  Alonoemugi,  and  the 
coafts  of  Zangucbar,  of  Aj.m,  and  of  Abex, 
on  the  caff  fide  i  thele  lair  at  prefent  under 
the  dominion  of  the  Tiirki. 

This  region  of  Ethiopia,  in  former  times 
much  larger,  is  now  confin'd  between  45  and 
74  degrees  of  longitude  ;  and  betwixt  the 
14th  degree  of  fouth  and  the  i6th  degree  of 
north  latitude.  Its  boundaries  on  the  north 
are  Nubia  and  Egyft ;  on  the  eaft  the  R,'d- 
Sca  ;  on  the  fouth  the  Mniocmugi  and  Ca- 
frrria ;  and  on  the  weft  the  countries  of 
Congo,  Biafara,  and  the  Jagos,  otherwil'e 
named  Giacques;  and  is  fevcn  hundred 
leagues  in  length  from  north  to  fouth,  and 
five  hundred  from  eaft  to  weft. 

This  is  to  be  underftood  of  the  country, 
which  has  gone  under  the  name  of  Ab\[iiv.ia 
or  Ethiopia  interior  ;  but  not  of  that  which 
is  now  i'ubjcfl:  to  the  emperor  of  Ab\J/i':ia, 
by  fome  cal'M  the  Great  Ncgiis  and  Pnjler 
John,  whofe  dominions  never  extended  fu 
far,  and  have  fince  the  year  1537,  '^"'^"  "'' 
duced  into  much  narrower  bounds  than  they 
were  before,  by  the  invafiohs  of  the  Gar.s 
and  other  barbarous  African  nations  up  the 

iiiUnd, 


8 


The  htrodu&ory  Difcourfe, 


inhind,  and  the  conqucfts  of  the  7«r^J,  who 
Iiave  fubdu'J  all  the  fca-coafts  ;  fo  that  the 
emperor  of  Ethiopia  has  not  now  one  fea- 
port  town  left  him,  or  any  better  defence 
than  his  inacccflible  mountains. 

The  people  of  ^l>\ffinia,  like  all  the  Ijb!- 
opians,  are  very  tawny  in  fome  places,  and 
in  others  very  black,  as  they  dwell  farther 
from, or  nearer  to  \.\\z Equator, b\X  handfomer 
'''■  in  the  Blacks  of  Nigritia  and  Guinea. 
I'hey  are  witty,  affable,  and  charitable  to 
llraiigers  ;  but  on  the  other  hand,  very  fto- 
vtniy,  lazy,  and  improvident.  They  are 
alfo  loyal  to  their  princes,  and  religious  to 
fiipcrftition  ;  boafting  that  they  have  been 
jnilructed  in  the  true  religion  of  God,  by 
two  of  their  former  queens,  Macqueda  and 
Caiida^L-.  Tiie  firil  they  pretend  was  that 
queen  of  Saba  or  Sbcba,  who  brought  tlieni 
tiie  Mofaical  Law  from  JuJea,  in  which  flie 
had  been  inftrudted  by  king  Solomon  ;  and 
the  fecond  taught  them  the  myfteries  of  the 
Chrifiian  Faith.  As  to  the  latter,  'tis  not 
improbable  tliat  the  Eunuch  of  Candace, 
baptiz'd  by  Philip  the  deacon,  converted 
them ;  and  after  him,  St.  Thomas  and  St. 
Matthew  the  Apoftles ;  and  they  have  to 
this  time  kept  cliriftianity  among  tliem, 
with  this  difference,  that  they  have  em- 
braced the  errors  o^EutycheSy  and  of  Diofco- 
rus  •■,  and  have  flill  their  metropolitan,  call'd 
there  Jhwia,  who  is  fubjeft  to  the  patriarch 
of  the  Copbtits,  whoufually  refidcsat  GrdW 
Cairo,  with  the  qualify  of  patriarch  of  y//tx- 
andria. 

The  kings  oi  Ahyffmia  ufually  keep  their 
court  in  the  open  Felds ;  and  cither  in  peace 
or  war  their  camp  is,  as  it  were,  the  capital 
of  the  kingdom,  and  takes  up  a  vafl  fpace 
of  ground  •,  for  the  number  of  futtlers  and 
other  pcop'e  following  the  army,  is  twice  as 
great  .as  that  of  the  foldicry.  The  king  and 
queen,  with  iheir  whole  houlhold,  always 
go  along  with  the  army  to  war  ;  and  are  ac- 
company'd  by  all  the  lords  and  ladies  of  the 
court:  and  all  people,  except  handy-crafts 
and  husbandmen  are  obliged  to  take  up 
arm?,  and  join  the  regular  forces  upon  occa- 
fion,  becaufc  chofe  do  not  make  up  above 
35000  foot  and  3000  horfe.  The  tents  of 
the  camp  are  ranged  with  fo  much  order, 
that  they  form  a  large  city  and  fine  (trects. 
The  emperor's  tents  (land  in  the  middle  of 
the  camp,  with  two  others  which  ferve  for 
churches.  At  fbme  diffance  are  thofeofthc 
emprefs,  and  the  ladies,  the  great  lords,  the 
general  officers  of  the  army,  and  the  inferior ; 
making  together  above  6000  tents,  bcfidcs 
thofe  of  the  folditry. 

The  emperor  lometimes  removes  every 
year,  and  fbmetimes  fixes  his  rcfidence  fe- 
vcral  years  together  in  the  fame  place.  He 
commonly  tncamps  betwixt  Ambamarian, 
Dehfan,  and  Dancas,  -ibout  the  lake  of  Dem- 


tea,  in  the  province  of  that  name.  Thefl: 
princes  boafl  they  are  defcended  from  the 
race  of  the  king  and  prophet  David. 

The  people  are  generally  clad  in  cotton 
or  filk,  according  to  their  ability  ;  atid  fome- 
fimes,  inskinsdrefs'd  like  cbamoy.  They 
eat  flefl)  half,  and  fome  quite  raw.  All  the 
priefts  and  religious  men  continually  carry  a 
rrofs  in  their  hand  as  they  go  about  the 
flreets  or  clfe where.  Some  of  the  priefts 
are  marr'-d,  but  never  a  fecond  time. 

They  circumcifc  children,  the  males  for- 
ty, the  females  fixty  days  after  they  are  born  j 
which  is  always  pcrform'd  on  a  Saturday  or 
Sunday,  being  the  days  on  which  they  cele- 
brate Ma/s,  and  then  baptize  them  -,  after 
which,  the  prieft  gives  the  communion  to 
tlicfe  new-born  babes,  and  immediately  their 
mothers  feed  them  with  pap,  to  help  them 
to  fwallow  the  particles  of  the  Hoji  put  into 
their  mouth. 

The  Jf/uits  formerly  converted  fome  em- 
perors there  to  the  Roman  catholick  reli- 
gion, as  alfo  the  then  patriarch  ;  but  they 
were  afterward  expell'd  :  fince  which  time, 
many  Capucins  have  been  there,  and  made 
ibme piogrefs ;  but  the  far greateft  number 
are  fchifm.iticks. 

As  for  other  particulars  of  this  empire,  as 
the  plants,  animals,  rivers,  and  mountains, 
and  the  manners  and  cufloms  of  the  inha- 
bitants, I  refer  the  curious  reader  to  the 
travels  of  thejefuits  z«  Ethiopia,  written  by 
Balthazar  Tellez  ;  and  to  be  found  in  Eng- 
lijlj  in  the  quarto  collcftion  of  travels  in  two 
volumes :  that  being  the  account  given  by 
the  feveral  Jefuits,  who  reflded  there  many 
years ;  and  firft  difcovered  the  true  fource  of 
the  Nile,  being  eye-witnefTes  of  what  they 
write :  whereas  Ludolphus,  who  has  beeti 
much  cry'd  up,  has  nothing  to  be  rcly*d  on 
but  what  he  borrow'd  from  thofe  travels, 
liaving  never  been  in  the  ronntry  himfclf. 

It  remains  that  I  fay  fomething  as  to  the 
caui'e  or  reafon  of  the  blacknefs  of  the  people 
of  Nigritia,  Guinea,  Ethiopia,  Madaiajcar, 
and  many  other  places. 

I  have  been  as  inquifitive  as  pofTibly  I 
could,  in  this  particular,  and  examined  the 
arguments  brought  by  feveral  authors  and 
geographers,  but  without  any  fatisfadion. 
Some  iuppofe  the  reafon  to  be,  becaufe  thofe 
people  live  betwixt  the  tropicks  in  \.\\t  torrid 
zones,  where  the  perpetual  fcorching  heat 
of  the  lun  blackens  them,  as  it  does  the 
earth  in  fome  parts,  which  makes  it  look  as 
if  burnt  by  fire.  But  this  vanifhes  prefcntly, 
if  we  confider  tlut  Europeans  living  W'  "^  in  the 
tropicks,  tho'  ever  fo  long,  will  never  turn 
black  or  footy  ;  and  that  Blacks  living  many 
years  in  Europe,  will  always  breed  black  or 
looty  children.  Befides  the  Americans  and 
Eaft-Indians,  tho'  inhabiting  the  fame  pa- 
rallel zones,  are  not  black :  and  particularly 

throughout 


/ 


The  IntroduBory  Difcourfe. 


i-ien.  IX. 
io,/i>i7 


Ir  turn 
Imany 
|ck  or 

and 

iilariy 


throughout  all  America,  it  is  mod  certain, 
tiiere  never  was  any  bhick  till  they  were  car- 
ry'd  thither  by  Etimpeans,  the'  lb  vaft  a  part 
ofthat  continent  lies  within  the  torrid  zones, 
ns  is  a  great  part  of  tlie  kingdom  of  Mexico, 
mofl:  of  Peru  and  Brazil,  &c.  which  never 
produced  any  native  Black. 

Marmol,  in  my  opinion,  afligns  tlie  beft 
realbn.  "  T\\c  blacknefsoli  Ethiopians,  and 
"  other  looty  nations,  does  not  proceed  ei- 
"  thcr  from  the  cxcefTive  heat  of  the  fun, 
"  or  from  the  extreme  dryncfs  of  their 
"  land  ;  or  other  things  anigncd  by  ajlro- 
"  logen;  for  if  it  were  lb,  all  .S/,(f/(rj  would 
"  turn  white  in  temperate  climates  after  two 
"  or  three  generations  •,  and  the  Kuropcain 
"  in  like  manner  would  turn  black  in  the 
"  Negro  countries  -,  but  '-xperiencc  tcflifies 
"  the  contrary.  This  blacknefs  in  thole 
"  people  mult  therefore  proceed  from  the 
"  iilood  or  race  ;  and  it  may  perhaps  be  on 
"  account  of  the  malediftion  of  Noah  on 
"  Cham  his  difrefpcftful  fon,  as  the  diver- 
"  lity  of  languages  was  the  curie  oi  Nimroil 
"  and  of  the  G";rt«//,  that  were  building  the 
"  toKer  of  Babel." 

That  this  blacknefs  muft  be  in  the  biood 
or  race,  as  Mnrmol  argues,  can  be  further 
proved,  from  this  obfervation  made,  that 
the  Jevss  of  the  Portugucfe  race,  always  mar- 
rying one  with  rhe  other,  the  children  re- 
femble  their  fathers  and  mothers  complec- 
tion  i  and  thus  this  particular  tawny  colour 
perpetuates  itfelf  with  little  or  no  diminution 
wherelbever  they  inhabit,  even  in  northern 
countries :  whereas  tlic  German  Jews,  as  for 
example  thofe  of  Prague,  are  as  whice  as 
moft  ot  their  German  countrymen  -,  which 
fliews  what  .m  error  moft  people  are  in,  who 
think  all  7«w  are  tawny. 

I  h.id  defign'tl  to  write  a  brief  hiftory  of 
navigation,  anil  of  the  difcovery  of  tlie  mag;- 

V.Cl  or  luiidjhiiic,    with  rnm»>   ulrlitirin;)  of  my 

own,  to  what  able  pens  have  lately  pub- 
lifh'd  ;  to  entertain  my  reader  with  Ibme- 
thing  more  diverting  than  to  fpcak  only  of 
Blacks,  winds,  feas,  phuKS,  and  animals : 
but  being  prelsM  to  hallen  this  volume  to 
the  prcls,  after  above  ten  years  expedation 
of  it,  I  am  oblig'd  to  forbear  for  the  prefent 
time  -,  but  if  I  live,  hope  to  get  it  ready  for 
the  prefs  before  tiiis  copy  is  printed  ;  and 
then  it  may  be  added  by  v/i^y  of  appemiix  Ai 
the  end  of  this  book,  p'or  the  prefent !  (hall 
oidy  mention  the  difcoveries  of  the  coafls  of 
Jfrica  ruccelTively,  from  the  latitude  of  Ma- 
dera  ifland  to  Nigritia,  Guinea,  Ethiopia, 
and  the  cape  of  Good-Hope,  and  fo  beyond 
n  to  the  Eajl- Indies,  performed  by  the  Por 
tiiguefe  nation  in  the  fourteenth  century. 

Before  I  enter  upon  that  fubjeft,  it  will 
not  be  amifs  to  give  an  account  of  what  (bme 
French  authors,  and  particularly  yillaitd  de 
BeHcfons  and  Robbe  allert  i    viz.  that   the 

\  O  L.  V. 


Fr^wi&difcoveredthecoaftscr  Nigritia  and 
Guinea,  almoll  an  hundred  years  before  tlie 
Portiiguefe.  The  firfl  of  them  fiys,  it  was 
in  the  year  i.H^j  and  the  latter  in  i,?64. 

Viliaud  dc  Bellcfons  relates  it  as  follows  : 
That  about  the  year  1346,  fome  adventu- 
rers of  Dieppe,  a  fea-port  town  of  the  terri- 
tory of  Caux,    in  Normandy,   long  before 
ulai  to  navigation  and  long  voyages,  as  be- 
ing defcended  from  the  antient  Normans ; 
who  from  their  northern  cold  country,  had 
fettled  themfelvcs  in  that  province,  even  be 
fore  the  reign  of  Charles  the  Simple,  in  92 ;., 
did  fail  along  the  coafts  of  Nigritia   and 
Guinea,  and  there  fettled  colonies  in  feverai 
parts ;  but  more  efpecially  about  Cabo  ycrde 
in  the  bay  of  Rio  Erefco,  and  along  the  coalt 
of  Alalleguelte,    to  which   they  gave    the 
names  of  Ibme  French  towns  and  ports,  viz. 
the  bay  of  France  to  the  bay  of  Rio  Frefia 
above-named,  extending  from  cape  Ferdo  to 
capi-  Majlo  ;    thai    of  Petit-Dieppe  to  the 
village  of  Rio  Corfo  ;    and  that   of  Sejlro 
P.iris  to  the  large  town  of  Grand  Sejlro,  oi 
the  coail  of  Malleguette,  not  far  from  cape 
Pa'.ms,  at  N.  W.  bringing  over  thence  to 
France,  great  quanticiesofGHJ«M/.v/'/>fr  and 
ivory  or  elephants-t0eth;  whence  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Dieppe  fet  up  the  trade  of  turning 
ivory,  which  art  in  procefs  of  time  did  lb  far 
improve,  as  did  the  making  of  all  other  forts 
of  ivory-work,  ufeful  or  curious,  and  efpe- 
cially  combs,  that  they  became  famous  all 
over  France,  and  the  neighbouring  nations, 
as  the  greateft  artifts  in  that  kind,  and  have 
io  continued  to  this  time. 

Fillaud  adds,  that  by  conftant  praftice  in 
long  voyages,  the  people  of  Dii-ppe  became 
fuch  great  maflers  of  navigation  and  aftro- 
nomy,  that  to  this  day  .nWurnJ.ince  of  the 
French  from  all  p'T^  -Jt  the  kingdom  come 
thither  to  Itarn  thoP  fciences  in  the  publick 
ichools  fet  up  for  that  purpofe,  from  time 
out  of  mind. 

He  farther  affirms,  that  the  French  firft 
founded  thecaftle  of  Mi n.i  on  the  Gold-Coajl 
of  Guinea,  in  the  year  138:?,  and  pofiels'd 
it  till  the  year  1484.  That  the  civil  warsen- 
fuing  in  France,  which  lafted  from  Nov-m- 
ber  1380  to  July  1461,  being  eighty-one 
years,  in  the  reignof  C'^rtr/athe  fixth,  fur- 
named  Le  bien  atmc,  and  Charles  tiie  leventh, 
lurnamed  the  king  of  Bourges,  and  after- 
wards the  Ficlorious  and  the  IFell-fervcd,  as 
having  had  the  good  fortune  in  his  latter 
years  to  force  the  Englijh  to  quit  all  their  in- 
tcreft  in  France,  except  Calais ;  the  French 
nation  was  fo  diverted  from  trading  to  re- 
mote countries,  and  at  the  fiime  time  !o  much 
impoverifli'd,  that  die  Normans  were  obli- 
ged to  give  over  trading  at  Guinea,  and 
abandon  all  their  lettlements  there  ;  which 
were  afterwards  polFcfsM  by  the  Poriuguel'e, 
the  Dutch,  the  Englijh,  Danes,  and  Cour- 
D  landers. 


10 


The  IntroduBory  Difcourfe. 


•t. 


if 


:(•■ 


1^ 


I; 


1; 


landers,  who  built  caflles  and  forts  there, 
for  the  greauT  fecurity  of  their  traffick. 

If  this  account  be  true,  it  is  ftrangc  that 
no  mention  is  made  of  it  by  other  Freiub 
hiftoriiins,  feveral  of  whom  I  have  examin'd, 
and  particularly  de  Serres  andMezeray.  Such 
conflderablc  undertakings,  and  fo  rich  a 
trade,  feemed  to  deferve  a  place  \:\  hiilory, 
efpecially  at  a  time  when  long  voyages  were 
look'dupon  with  a  fort  of  dread,  as  full  of 
hazards,  navigation  being  then  in  its  in- 
fancy. The  filencc  of  the  French  hidorians 
in  this  point,  gives  us  juft  caufe  to  fufped: 
the  validity  of  this  author's  aflertions ;  nor 
do  I  find  in  the  hiftory  of  Portugal,  which 
is  fo  full  of  the  Portuguefe  difcovcries  of  M- 
gritia  and  Guinea,  the  lealt  mention  of  their 
having  heard  of  any  Frenchmen  that  had 
founded  the  caftle  of  Mina,  in  1383  ;  or 
that  Azenibuja  when  he  came  to  Mina  in 
1484,  and  begun  there  his  firft  entrench- 
ment, ever  faw  or  heard  of  any  fuch  caille 
built  by  the  French  an  hundred  years  before. 
Hence  I  conclude,  that  it  would  be  a 
piece  ofinjuftice  to  attribute  the  firft  difco- 
veries  of  this  part  of  Africa  to  the  French,  in 
prejudice  of  the  Portuguefe,  who  certainly 
the  firft  of  all  Europeans  made  thofe  difco- 
verics ;  whi  h  will  be  further  corroborated 
by  the  following  accounts. 

To  proceed  the  more  methodically  in  this 
account,  I  muft  firfttake  notice  of  the  prin- 
cipal promoter  and  inftrumcnt  of  thefe  dif- 
coveries ;  I  mean  the  infante  or  prince  Henry 
the  fifth,  fon  to  king  Johti  the  firft  of  Portu- 
gal, duke  of  yifeo,  and  mafter  of  the  military 
orderof  Christ.  This  prince  having  ftu- 
dy'd  the  mathematicks,  and  particularly 
cofmography,  gave  his  mind  entirely  todif- 
cover  fuch  pausofthc  worlcl  as  were  yet  un- 
known, and  fpent  fony  years,  and  great 
iums  of  money,  upon  that  cnterpiUe.  Be- 
fides  what  he  had  read  of  geography,  he  got 
information  from  feveral  Aloors  ot  FtZ  and 
Morocco,  who  had  travelled  towards  the 
borders  of  Guint.T,  wiiich  much  encouraged 
him  to  proceed  on  his  projeft.  The  better 
to  apply  himfelf  wholly  to  that  affair,  he 
fetded  his  1  ~Udence  at  the  town  of  Temi>- 
cabol,  on  cape  Sagres,  in  the  kingdom  of 
Algatve. 

Before  I  enter  upon  his  performances,  I 
muft  by  the  way  take  notice,  that  the  Ca- 
nary IJlands  had  been  before  difcovcr'd  in  the 
year  1348,  by  John  Bcthancourt,  a  French- 
man, employ 'd  hyVrngJobnoi  Cafiile,  who 
conquer'd  five  of  them. 

In  1 41 5,  prince  Wnry  fitted  out  two 
fliips,  which  pafs'd  not  beyond  cape  Bojador, 
fixty  leagues  beyond  cape  Nao,  then  the  ut- 
rnoll  txtent  of  the  Spanijlj  navigation. 

The  firltthat  pafs'd  the  faid  cape  was  Giles 
?iiw2,which  was  reckoned  a  mighty  exploit, 
that  cape  having  b"en   before  look'd  up- 


on  as  not  to  be  furmounied,  becaulc  it  runs 
forty  leagues  out  into  the  Tea  to  the  weft  ward, 
and  the  water  beats  violently  on  it ;  .and  from 
its  jutting  fo  far  out,  which  in  Spnnijh  is 
call'd  Bojar,  it  was  cali'd  Bojador  ;  but  this 
was  later. 

John  Gonzalez  Zarco  and  Trijlan  Vazvucrt 
fent  in  the  year  1418  to  make  farther  diRo- 
vcries  along  the  African  coaft  ;  but  they 
meeting  with  dreadKil  ftorms,  were  acci- 
dentally carry'd  upon  the  ifland,  which  they 
call'd  Puerto  Santo,  or  Holy  Haven,  being  x 
fmall  ifland  not  far  to  the  northward  Ironi 
that  of  Madera,  and  rtturn'd  home  with 
that  account. 

In  1419,  the  fame  two  being  fent  back 
to  the  new  ifland,  with  Bartholomew  Pere- 
Jirello,  in  three  (hips,  difcover'd  the  ifland  of 
Aladera;  fo  call'd,  becaufe  it  was  all  over 
wooded.  Some  have  pretended  that  this 
ifland  had  been  before  difcover'd  by  one 
Macham,  an  Englijhman,  but  that  ftory  has 
much  more  of  novel  than  any  refemblance 
of  truth. 

About  the  year  1434,  Giles  Tanez  and 
Alonfo  Gonzalez  Raldny  iiiiled  thirty  leagues 
beyond  the  aforelliid  dreadful  cape  Bojador, 
and  gave  the  name  of  Angra  de  Ruyvos  or 
Bay  of  Gurnards,  to  an  inlet  they  found, 
where  was  great  plenty  of  that  lort  of  filh. 
The  next  year  they  proceeded  twenty-tour 
leagues  farther  to  the  mouth  of  a  river, 
where  they  faw  a  vaft  number  of  feals,  and 
kill'd  many  of  them,  carrying  home  the 
skins ;  which  being  then  rare,  were  of  good 
value. 

In  1440,  Antony  Gonz.ilez  was  fent  back 
to  the  river  where  the  fcals  had  been  taken, 
and  ordcr'd  to  load  his  veltl  with  their 
skins;  where  landing,  he  rook  feveral  of 
the  inhabitants,  after  being  joined  by  Nuno 
Trijlan,  who  came  after  him  from  Portugal. 

jintuiij   Gon-raify    rptiirned    iiomc    with    uhc 

skins  and  O.ives ;  but  'Trijlan  coalUd  on  as 
far  .is  Caho  Blanco  ox  lyhite  Cape  1  and  feeing 
no  people  on  the  coaft,  wjnt  alfo  back. 
Prince  Henry  fent  the  flaves  brought  him, 
to  pope  A/ij;7/«  the  fifth,  as  the  firft  fruits 
of  his  difcovcries  ;  defiring  his  holinefs  to 
make  a  grant  of  the  countries  he  fliould  find, 
and  to  encourage  thofc  who  fliould  cxpofe 
themfelves  to  the  dangers  ot  thofe  un.known 
fe.as,  for  the  propagation  of  the  ^c//)?/.  The 
pope  accordingly,  by  his  bull-;,  gave  h'Ti 
all  he  fliould  difcover  in  the  ocean,  as  far  as 
India  inclufive. 

Ann.  1442,  Antony  Gonzalez  returned, 
carrying  fome  of  the  natives  he  had  brought 
away  ;  for  whofe  ranfom  he  received  ten 
Blacks,  and  a  confiderable  quantity  of  gold- 
duft,  being  the  firft  that  had  been  brought 
from  thofe  parts;  and  therefore  he  call'd  a 
rivulet  where  he  lay,  Rio  del  Ore,  or  the  Ri- 
ver of  Gold. 

Thfi 


The  Introdu&ory  Difiourfi. 


It 


jinknown 
iel.  The 
lave  h'Ti 
1  as  far  as 

leturned, 
I  brought 
■iveil  ten 
1  ot  gold- 
Ibrought 
cali'd  a 
th'-Ri- 

Thft 


I'he  gold  encouraged  others  td  undertake 
that  voyage;  and  in  the  year  1443,  Nuno 
Trijian  pafling  farther  on,  difcovcr'd  the 
ifland  Meget,  one  of  thole  of  Arguim. 
Thence  he  failed  over  to  another  ifland,  and 
cali'd  it  de  las  Garzas,  or  o(  Herons,  becaule 
he  faw  fj'eat  numbers  of  thofe  birds  there. 

In  1444,  a  company  was  ercfted  in  Por- 
tujat,  paying  an  acknowledgment  to  the 
prince,  cfnd  fitted  out  fix  caravels,  which 
fetting  men  afiiore  on  the  ifles  of  Jrguim, 
brought  away  about  two  hundred  of  the  in- 
habitants, whom  they  fold  for  Haves. 

Gonzalo  de  Cinlra  in  1445,  failijig  to  the 
ifland  of  Arguim,  run  up  a  creek  in  the 
night,  intending  to  go  aftiore,  and  take 
flaves  ;  but  his  vcffel  being  left  afliorc  at  the 
low  water,  the  inhabitants  attack'd  it,  and 
kill'd  him  and  fevcn  of  h!s  men  ;  whence  the 
place  was  cali'd  Angra  de  Gonzalo  de  Cinlra, 
being  fourteen  leagues  be)Oiid  tlie  river  of 
Gold. 

Nuno  Fernandez  in  1446,  pafs'd  beyond 
the  river  Senega,  and  difeovered  the  famous 
Cabo  Verde  or  Green  Cape, 

M.iny  other  adventurers  continued  every 
year  creeping  along  the  coalls,  to  mention 
all  wliom,  would  be  too  tedious  •,  but  in 
1460  Antony  Nole,  a  Genoefe,  difcover'd  the 
iflands  of  Cabo  Verde.  In  147 1  John  de 
Santaren  and  Peter  de  Efcobar  difeovered  the 
place  now  cali'd  Mina,  and  proceeded  to 
thirty-feven  leagues  beyond  cape  Lope  Gon- 
zalez, in  two  degrees  and  a  half  of  fouth  la- 
titude. And  about  the  fame  time  w-iie 
found  the  iflands  of  St.  Thomas,  Anno  Bom, 
and  Principe. 

King  John  the  fecond  of  Portugal,  finding 
a  confiderable  trade  of  gold  at  Mina,  or- 
dcr'd  a  fort  to  be  eredtcd  there,  and  in  order 
to  it,  fent  James  de  Azombuja,  with  fix  hun- 
dred men,  and  all  the  materials  fcr  that 
work,  ill  ihe  year  1481  ;  and  tho*  ihc  na- 
tives at  fii  ft  endeavour'd  to  oppofe  ir,  the 
work  was  finifli'd,  and  the  fort  cali'd  St. 
George  de  laMina,  or  of  the  Mine,  that  faint 
being  then  patron  of  Portugal. 

James  Cam  in  1484  penetrated  beyond 
any  other  to  the  river  of  Co)go,  by  the  na- 
tives cali'd  Zap-e.  The  next  year  he  pro- 
ceeded to  22  degrees  of  fouth  latitude. 

It  would  take  up  too  much  time  to  run 
through  all  the  particular  difcoveries ;  we 
fliall  therefore  conclude  with  the  famous 
Vafeo  deCama,  who  fui'ing  from  Lijhon  in 
the  year  1497,  vith  three  ftiips,  fitted  out 
by  king  Emanuel,  who  had  llicceeded  king 
John,  was  the  firft  that  pafled  beyond  the 
cape  of  Good  Hope,  and  thence  running  a- 
longthc  eaftern  coaft  of  y^nVa,  till  then  ut- 
terly unknown,  open'd  the  way  to  India  by 
fea,  failing  over  fropi  Mofambique  :o  the 
coaft  o't  Malabar,  anc  the  kingdom  of  Crt/i- 
ciil,  whence  he  return'd  in  fafety  and  richly 


laden  to  Portugal.  Thus  much  may  fufRce 
concerning  the  Portuguefe  difcoveries  along 
the  coalV  of  Africa  and  to  India. 

In  the  next  place  I  will  give  fomc  direc- 
tions, which  I  think  may  be  of  ufe  to  fuch 
as  fliall  hereafter  refjrt  to  Guinea  and  the 
American  Iflands,  efpecially  if  they  were 
never  there  before. 

In  the  firft  place,  it  is  requifite  for  the 
perfon  that  defignsto  travel  into  thofe  parts 
to  learn  languages,  as  Engli/h,  F'^ench,  Low 
Dutch,  Portuguefe,  in^X  Lingua  Frama. 

Secondly,    he  ought  to  have  fomc  fliill 
in  drawing,  and  colouring,  that  he  may  be 
able  to  take  draughts  of  prol'pefts,  land- 
flcips,  ftruftures,  birds,  beafts,  fifties,  flow- 
ers, fruits,  trees,  and  even  of  tiie  features 
and  habits  of  people -,   thcfe  parts  being  iri 
my  opinion  very  necefliiry  to  make  an  ac- 
complifti'd  traveller:    for  by  the  help  of 
languages  he  will  be  able  to  converfe  with 
all  forts  of  Europeans  refiding  in  thofe  coun- 
tries, and  be  by  them  inform'd  of  many 
things  worth  obfervation,  and  very  ufcful, 
relating  to  thofe  regions  and  the  trade  there- 
of, wiiich  otherwili:  might  never  occur,  and 
they  would  come  away  quite  ignorant  of 
the  main  points  to  be  underftood.    It  isalfo 
ni.-    ary  for  fuch  as  defign  to  refide  any 
time  there,  to  apply  themlelves  betimes  td 
learn  the  language  of  the  Blacks,  which,  if 
they  can  compafs  in  any  tolerable  mcafure, 
it  will  much  conduce  to  their  getting  infor- 
mation of  many  things  of  moment  from  the 
moft  intelligent  of  thofe  peopl,  who  have 
either  gone  far  up  the  inland,  jr  convers'd 
with  others  that  come  down  from  thence  to 
the  coaft. 

By  the  help  of  drawing,  the  traveller  will 
be  enabled  to  render  the  account  of  his  tra- 
vels the  moft  ufcful  and  acceptable  ;  finceit 
is  certain,  that  the  moft  accurate  dcfcrip- 
tion  cannot  reprefent  any  thing  to  the  reader 
fo  lively  as  a  draught  or  cut,  which,  as  it 
were,  mows  the  thing  it  fdf  that  is  defcri- 
bed. 

Befides  thefe  qualifications,  he  ought  to 
be  inrtrufted  in  cufmography  and  aftrono- 
my.,  and  no  lefs  in  navigation. 

Being  thus  qualified,  he  is  to  take  along 
with  him  two  large  table-books,  or  at  leafi 
one,  as  alfo  two  profpeftive  glalfes,  a  great- 
er and  a  fmaller,  to  take  views  of  objcdls 
nearer,  or  farther  oft";  afmallfea-compafs, 
to  obferve  the  fituation  of  places  1  feveral 
forts  of  fcales,  and  compaflTes,  to  lay  down 
the  dimcnfions  of  fuch  places  as  require  i', ; 
a  parcel  of  the  beft  geographical  tables, 
maps,  and  fea-charts,  .and  the  moft  va!  dile 
accounts  ot  thofe  countries  that  have  been 
publifli'd,  in  ordti'to  make  remarks  where 
they  are  exaft,  or  note  down  their  faults-, 
which  laft  ought  to  be  done  without  any  o- 
dious  reflettionsoa  the  authors,  as  has  luen 

done 


II 


The  IntroduBory  Difcourfc. 


is!  ' 


I! 


ifi 


done  by  many,  thinking  thereby  to  recom- 
mend their  own  works  i  without  confuicr- 
ing,  tiiey  may  perhaps  themfelves  commit 
mirtakes,  which  when  others  (hall  reftify, 
they  will  be  expofeii  to  the  lame  Icvere  cen- 
Airco. 

When  there,  lie  is  to  emleavour  to  fee  all 
the  caftles,  torts,  factories,  towns,  villages, 
l^c.  and  to  endeavour  to  be  acquainted  with 
the  chief  agents  and  officers  at  tliofe  place's, 
who  have  rcfuled  longell  there  ;  us  alio  with 
the  beft  of  the  natives,  and  lo  convcrfe  fre- 

auently  with  them,  as  occafion  (li;i!l  ofler, 
iredting  the  difcourfc  to  thofe  points  that 
may  be  inftrudtive,  and  particularly  as  to 
things  that  are  remote,  and  wiiich  he  can- 
not come  at  the  light  of.  All  which  he  is 
to  note  down  in  his  table-book,  withdraw- 
ing for  that  purpofe,  without  being  obferv'd, 
or  taken  notice  of,  if  pofllble  ;  efpecially, 
when  he  is  inauiring  into  the  iV.ite,  or  cir- 
cumflances  ot  fortified  places,  which  may 
give  any  umbrage,  or  jealoufy  to  Europeans, 
and  particularly  to  i\\e.Duich,yi\\o  are,  above 
all  others,  fulpicious  and  unwilling  to  let 
ftrangers  into  any  fecrets,  as  to  their  fettle- 
ments,  or  commerce.  In  order  to  gain  the 
good  will  of  fuch  perfons,  and  to  get  the 
beft  intelligence  of  them,  it  is  necelfary  at 
firft  to  oblige  them  with  fome  prefent,  ac- 
cording to  the  ftation  they  are  in,  and  no- 
thing is  more  acceptable  than  European  re- 
frelhments,  as  pickles  of  feveral  forts,  wine, 
liquors,  neats  tongues,  hams,  fweetmeats, 
brandy,  l^c.  as  alio  things  for  ufe,  as  Hol- 
land Inirts,  hats,  clothes,  piftols,  fwords, 
filks,  orthelikc;  moreorlels  of  fuch  things 
proportional>ly  to  their  quality,  and  to  the 
inclination  they  feem  to  have  for  them. 

The  principal  things  they  are  to  make 
their  obfervations  upon,  are.  the  country, 
its  fituation,  difjxjfition,  extent  and  ilivi- 
fion  •,  the  climate;  tlu:  nature  and  fertility 
of  the  foil ;  f.iie  inhabitants  in  general  •,  their 
employments,  profeflions,  natural  genius, 
and  temper-,  their  habit,  huufes,  couages, 
hamlets,  villages,  and  tosvns,  with  all 
tilings  appertaining  to  them ;  their  lan- 
guages, manners,  cuftoms,  religion,  go- 
vernment, and  diftribution  of  jullice  civil 
or  criminal  ;  the  feveral  kingdoms,  princi- 
palities, or  ftates ;  their  power,  courts,  laws, 
wars,  armies,  weapons,  and  taxes  paid  by 
the  fubjedb.  The  forts  and  caftles  of  the 
Europeans ;  the  inland  and  coaft  trade  ;  the 
manufactures  and  commodities  peculiar  to 
eacii  place  ;  how  the  trade  is  inanag'd  by 
natives  and  foreigners ;  tiic  market-towns, 
and  other  places  of  trade  •,  the  merchants 
and  brokers,  both  on  the  coaft  anil  up  t!ie 
inland  country  -,  the  navigation  of  the  na- 
tives their  filbery  and  canoes ;  the  bcafts 
will!  and  tame,  reptiles,  infedls,  birds,  fi flies, 
plants,  and  fruits;  the  diltempers  and  difea- 


fes  moft  frequent  in  every  place,  with  the  ptO' 
per  cures  and  remedies  ■,  cafualties,  ftrangtf 
adventures,  and  furpri/ing  accidents  •,  rari- 
ties, both  natural  and  artificial  i  minerals 
and  minesof  all  forts  >  falt-pits,  and  rock 
fait  i  gold  in  general,  and  the  feveral  forts 
and  value  of  it  in  feveral  places ;  the  fea- 
fons,  air,  mountains,  woods,  forefts,  groves, 
wooding  and  watering  places,  qualifies  of 
the  water,  and  nature  ot  the  wood  and  tim- 
ber 1  the  rains,  hurricans.  hermatans,  tor- 
nado's, fpouts,  winds,  rivers,  lakes,  bays, 
promontories,  creeks,  points,  coafts,  roads, 
harbours,  bridges,  banks,  rocks,  flioals, 
breakingasdrowlingfeas,  ibundings,  fogs, 
thunder  and  lightning,  meteors,  comets, 
ignesfatui,  declination  of  the  fun,  variation 
of  the  compafs,  length  of  liays  and  nights, 
heat,  cold,  tr.ide-winds,  breezes,  tides,  cur- 
rents, tfi'.  always  marking  the  places  and 
times. 

The  next  thing  is  'o  take  draughts  of 
profpcdls  of  courts,  lands,  promontories, 
iflands,  ports,  towns,  caQles,  forts,  land- 
fkips,  i^f.  letting  down  the  bearings  and 
diftances  exadtly. 

To  Ibund  and  keep  account  of  the  depths 
of  coafts,  rivers,  harbours,  feas,  in  all  pla- 
ces. To  take  notice  of  the  ground  at  the 
bottom  of  the  tea  in  all  foundings,  whether 
it  be  clay,  fand,  ouze,  rock,  pebbles,  or  a 
mixture  of  them,  and  the  colours. 

To  obfcrve  carefully  the  ebbing  and  flow- 
ing of  the  fea,  in  as  many  places  as  may  be, 
with  all  accidents  ordinary,  or  extraordina- 
ry, attending  the  tides;  the  preeife  time 
of  ebbing  and  flowing  in  rivers,  at  capes, 
or  p(iints,  which  way  the  current  fets,  the 
perpendicular  difiierence  in  dejith  between 
the  higheft  flood  and  lowift  ebb,  efpecially 
during  the  fpring  and  neap  tides  ;  what  days 
of  the  moon,  and  at  wiiat  time  of  the  year, 
ihc  higheft  and  lowclV  tides  liapp^n,  .indall 
other  particulars  relating  to  tiicm,  efpe- 
cially near  ports,  and  about  iflands,  rocks, 
banks,  tJc. 

To  keep  an  cxadt  account  of  all  changes 
of  winds  and  weather,  at  all  hours  by  night 
and  by  day,  fetting  tiown  the  point  the  wind 
blows  from,  andwlitthei  ftrong,  weak,  or 
ftormy  ;  the  rains,  hail,  and  the  like;  the 
time  of  their  beginning,  and  continuance, 
efpecially  hurricans, (ouths,  norths  tornado's, 
hermatans,  and  fpouts ;  but  above  all,  moll 
diligently  to  oblerve  the  trade-winds,  about 
what  degree  of  latitude  and  longitude  they 
firft  begin,  where  and  when  ceafe  or  change, 
or  grow  llronger  or  weaker,  and  to  w'lata 
degree,  as  near  as  may  be. 

To  conclude,  all  is  to  be  taken  notice  of, 
even  to  common  converfation,  difcourle,  re- 
fledtions,  and  accidents,  provided  they  be 
fuch  as  relate  to  the  voyage,  and  have  any 
thing  peculiar  in  them. 

It 


i 


I 


The  IntroduBory  Difcourfe. 


i? 


It  WIS  my  cuftom,  when  I  'i.ravell'd,  to 
ciiny  a  rufficicnt  (lock  of  royal  and  common 
paper  of  the  bed  forts,  fine  white  vellum, 
Indian  ink,  black  and  red-lead  pencils,  and 
all  forts  of  water-colours,  to  draw  by  the 
lite,  birds,  beads,  fifhes,  fruits,  flowers,  land- 
(kips,  (jfc.  to  reprefent  things  exaftly  as 
they  are  in  themfelves ;  and  I  have  ftill  by  me 
fc'vcral  pieces  of  that  fort,  as  particularly  of 
the  dorado,  bonito,  fliark,  flying  fifli,  and 
other  things  in  their  natural  colours,  with 
exaift  accounts  of  their  form  and  bignefs ; 
which  is  far  more  fatisfailory  than  any  de- 
fcription  can  be. 

Wherefoever  I  was,  either  at  fea,  or  a- 
Ihore,  I  us'd  to  pry  into  every  objedl  that 
occurr'd  to  the  eye,  and  made  enquiry  after 
what  I  could  not  have  the  opportunity  of 
feeing,  if  there  was  any  thing  in  it  either  cu- 
rious, or  ufeful ;  and  immediately  noted  it 
down  in  my  pocket  book,  or  on  a  loofe  pa- 
per, with  my  black-lead  pencil,  mentioning 
the  perfpedtive,  diftance,  proportion,  and 
form,  in  what  concern'd  drawing  of  figures 
and  reprefentations.  The  fame  I  pradtis'd 
as  to  what  I  heard  in  difcourfe  with  the  moft 
intelligent  Europeans,  wiio  had  refided  long 
in  Guinea,  or  with  the  difcreeteft  of  the  na- 
tives, to  whom  I  could  explain  my  meaning 
in  fome  language  or  other,  as  EngliJJj,  Dutch, 
Latin,  Italian,  Lingua  Franca,  aad  French. 


Every  evening  I  retir'd,  either  to  my  cabin 
aboard,  or  my  chamber  ufliore,  but  fel- 
dom  lay  alhorc  in  Guinea  upon  a  co.ifting 
voyage,  and  there  enter'd  in  my  journal  all 
that  I  had,  during  the  day,  (et  down  by 
way  of  memorandum  in  my  table-book-,  en- 
larging upon  it  as  fiir  as  my  memory  would 
help  me,  after  comparing  it  with  what  was 
faid,  touching  the  fame,  by  authors ;  and 
then  made  my  remarks  where  I  found  thenrt 
miftakcn,  or  when  we  fully  agreed,  or  but 
in  part. 

Thus  I  confl:antly,  and  day  by  day  ga- 
ther'd  all  the  memoirs,  notes,  remarks,  and 
figures  I  could  judge  ufeful,  diverting,  or 
curious,  and  tranftrib'd  the  whole  again, 
during  our  pafl^jge  from  ylfrica  to  America, 
and  back  to  Europe,  comparing  the  whole 
with  what  was  done  by  any  paflengers,  or 
officers  aboard,  who  had  the  like  curiofity. 

I  (hall,  in  the  following  defcription  and 
fupplement,  take  notice  what  European 
goods  are  moft  acceptable  to  the  beft  fore 
oi  Europeans  refiding  in  Guinea,  and  to  the 
natives  of  thofe  parts,  befides  the  catalogue 
of  commodities  in  general  i  and  do  advife  all 
travellers  to  furnim  themfelvc;  with  fome 
quantity  thereof,  to  ferve  their  occafions 
there,  either  for  prefents,  or  to  purchafc 
refrefhments  and  rarities  of  thofe  regions. 


li.ingcs 

y  night 

wind 

ik,  01 

e  -,  the 

udiice, 

nado's, 

II,  moll 

ibout 

.le  tiiey 

hange, 

w'uU  a 


Vol.  V. 


£ 


Ir 


« 


f 


I 


Nifrira      ^ 


I.ll 

(in 
flo 

tlK 

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in 

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Jh.i 


/  imiti  of 
flatei  H»- 
kiitvn. 


( I>- ) 


DESCRIPTION 


O  F    T  H  E 


Coafts  of  Nigritia, 

VULGARLYCALLED 

N  0  RT  H-G  U  1  N  EA 


BOOK     I. 


Nierit'a 

»tt  ijUiiJ, 


CHAP.     t. 

General  remarks  concerning  the  countries  lying  bel'-jjeen  the  rivers  Senega  anJ 
Gambia,  their  limits,  extent,  divifion,  and  product.  An  account  of  the  river 
Stnega,  and  of  the  'Evcnch  fettlement  on  the  ijland  of  Si.  Lewis-,  the  defcrip- 
tton  of  Cabo  Verde,  cape  Emanuel,  the  if.and  Goerec,  and  PVench  fettlement 
there  -,  the  to'-^n  of  Ruiifco  or  Rio  f  relco,  Catnina,  Emdukura,  Cabo  Mafto, 
Porto  d'Ali,  Porto  Novo,  and\M\z.  Avie'-jj  of  the  inland  countries.,  efpe- 
cially  thofe  of  the  f  oules,  and  Gelofes  or  Jalofes. 


/  im'its  tif 
flails  iiu- 
kiiown. 


HAT  ^niil  of  Nr^ti/in,  or  tlif 
country  of  the  B'.acks,  in  which 
we  p-nenilly  place  the  b-ginning 
of  Narth-Giibiea,  is  in  reali'-  a 
large  ifland,  form'd  by  the  Atlantick  ocean 
on  the  wed,  and  the  rivers  Senega  and  C-.//- 
/■r'(M)n  the  mirth,  fouth,  and  call;  tiiefetwo 
fluwinif  from  the  mighty  river  Ni^^er,  in 
tlie  province  vulgarly  call'd  Canlorzi. 

'iiiis  illand,  if  I  may  fo  call  it,  extends 
in  length  from  eaft  to  weft  above  300 
/■/<■;;./>  leagues,  and  in  breadth,  from  north 
ro  ioutli,  about  60  along  the  coaft.  In  the 
midft  of  it  is  the  famous  promontory,  call'd 
Cabo  ;'■'(-/-,  or  cape  Ferde,  that  is  green 
cape,  fuppos'd  to  be  the  Arjinariurn  of  the 
aiitients  ■,  and  the  country  about,  in  former 
limes,  fuppos'd  to  be  iniiabited  by  the  peo- 
ple call'd  Dariidi  jEthiopes. 

Tliis  province  is  at  prefent  poflefs'd  by 

f,  veiv.l  AVgro  or  black  nations,  each  of  them 

ri.ihjict  to  a  particular  king,  or  prince.     I 

Ihali  not  attempt  to  aflign  the  limits  and 

2 


extent  of  each  of  thefe  nations,  as  not  in-  Bahhot. 
tending  to  impofe  upon  any  body  ;  for  nei-  V^'Y^»>' 
ther  the  Eumpams  refiding  in  this  part  of 
Nigritlii,  nor  the  natives  themfelves,  are 
able  to  ;:,ive  any  exaft  account  of  them,  the 
RIacks  being  altogether  ignorant  of  geogra- 
phy, C'f  tal'ing  the  dimenfions  of  countries, 
and  alTIgning  tiieni  their  boundaries.  All 
I  could  gather  upon  the  flrifteft  enquiry, 
was,  that  this  large  traftofland  is  divided 
into  feveral  kingdoms,  principalities,  lord- 
fliips,  and  commonwealths,  yet  more  gene- 
rally known,  and  taken  notice  of,  under  the 
name  of  two  notable  nations,  viz.  the  Fo/ilt-s 
and  the  Gelofes. 

The  Gelofes,  or  Jalofes,  pofTefs  ail  the  CouHtry  cf 
lands  and  territories  lying  eafiand  weft,  be-'*'J*'°''^- 
tween  the  country  of  the  Foides  and  the  0- 
cean,  being  above  100  leagues  in  length 
that  way,  and  70  in  breadth  from  north  to 
fouth,  comprehending  the  petty  kingdom^ 
of  Kayor,  Baool,  Porto  d'Ali,  Juala,  and 
Borfato,   with  part  of  the  country  of  the 

Great 


i6 


\^\':n'yv.  Creai  lir.uk,  king  of  Sentga,  lying  in  the 
'■''VNJ  [iroviiKC  ol  (Iciichoit. 

'I'lie  deh'pi  ilillinijiiirti  their  monarch  by 
ih.irkinsihv  tiilf  ol  kin;^  ovir  lourtcen  kingiloms, 
incluling  rhat  ol  the  Barlunns ;  anil  yet 
moll  ottiv  pcUy  princes,  wholr  kingdoms 
he  claims,  arc  as  al)lblutc  in  their  liominion 
as  tlu'  great  (";>/«/,■  himlcK,  but  were  '-"  •- 
tary  lojiim  in  lormcr  times. 

'1  his  is  the  litil  account  that cf>  en 

Sevtral  ot  tile  Countries  ol  the /•'i^/r/f'i  and  t.  .fa,  to 
Hitinni.  which  I  think  lit  to  add  I'omcwhat  hrictly 
concerning  liu'  I'everal  nations,  whicii  arc 
bell  known,  living  interinixt  with  the  6V- 
/fcfo,  viz.  the  little  hingdoinsotfl/Mo/,  Kti- 
\or.  Porta  tl\iii,  ''/iiiitu,  .\m\ /hrj'ilo,  tliefe 
being  on  the  lea-(  oall,  or  at  a  Iniali  diilance 
from  it,  and  cnnl'eciuently  better  known  to 
the  /'.'rtri^/tvi;;!  refidiii(^  in  thole  parts. 

The  little  kin;',domol  Biiool  begins  fome- 

Haool        what  to  the  eallward  of  the  to.vn  ot  Caminn, 

kiii^Jcm.   and  is  held  ofking  Ajwc/ of  A'rt)or,  which 

prince,  among  the  blacks,  has  the  peculiar 

ilenomination  of  rrd/zi,   fignitying  the  king 

in  their  language,  as  Pharaoh  was  the  name 

of  all  the  kings  among  the  £^)i//M«j.     This 

"rniiti,  or  king  of  Baoo!,   has  hi.s  ufual  refi- 

dence  at  Lambase,   and  fomctimes  at  San- 

gua\;  a  town  feated  two  days  journey  from 

the  coaft. 

The  kingdomofA'/vsr  lies  fouth  and  weft 

Kayor       from  thofe  of  Ba'wl  and  /tie,  and  the  ocean 

iiiiiJm.   to  the  NNW.    The  town  of  Kayor  is  about 

fix  days  journey  up  the  inland,  and  there  is 

the  refidence  of  its  king  Diimd. 

That  of  Ale,  or  Porto  a'y/ii,  is  next  the 
A'e  ting-    fi^a.  Ilrctciiing  only  twelve  or  thirteen  leagues 
Jtm.         along  the  coaft,  but  of  a  much  greater  ex- 
tent up  the  infind.     It  is  rcckon'd  a  part  of 
the  country  of  the  Serrcm.  Tjie  Frcr.cb  call 
the   prince  of  it  king  of  Poriugady,  or  of 
Porto  d' .Hi  indilierently,  from  the  town  of 
Port)  d'/Ili.  The  natives  give  him  the  ftile  of 
yaiii,  which  among  them  is  a  title  of  digni- 
ty, and  not  the  name  of  a  perlbn. 
The  fmall  kingdom  oi  Jua.'a,  is  the  fame 
luala,  cr    that  Ibme  call  of  harbecirts,   parted  from 
Harbccins  tiiat  of  /He,  by  the  river  Grace  ;  of  a  very 
'   f         fmall  compals,  and  yet  frequently  at  war 
with  that  of  /lie.     Mere  are  feveral  colonies 
of  PorlugKefi:  mulatto's.     Tlic  king's  refi- 
dence is  K)mc  days  journey  from  the  coafl. 
The  kingdom  of  Borj'alo  reaches  from  the 
Borfilo      laft  above  mentioned  to  the  edge  of  the  river 
kin^Jm.    Gambia,  along  the  coaft,  and  far  eaftward 
up  the  inland,    being  much  larger  than  the 
tw(^  laft  fpokcn  of.     Some  take  Borfalo,  as 
well  as  'Jiiula  to  be  a  part  of  the  people  call'd 
Bari edits,    mentioned  by  Marmol,  and  o- 
tlicr  aurliors.     The  king  of  Borjulo  refides 
_  one  jiari  of  the  year  at  the  village  of  Bar, 
which  is  on  the  north  point  of  the  mouth  of 
the  river  Gambia  ;    at  other  times,  in  lomc 
towns  higher  up,  on  the  banks  of  the  fume 

2 


yl  Dcjcription  of  the  Co  aft  s  Book  I.         j 


river,  to  take  his  diverfions.  Tiufe  two 
countries  of  Kayor  and  Bor/alo  have  two 
towns  or  villages  on  their  utmoll  bonlers, 
the  one  cMWiarap,  belonging  to  the  former  i 
the  ot\\i:r  Bangui/ca,  to  the  fitter.  Tlieyarc 
parted  from  each  other  by  a  woody  ami  dcfo- 
late  wildernels  eight  or  ten  miles  over. 

The  lea  coalls,  from  B)hiirt  near  the 
mouth  of  the  riwr  Stiieg/i,  to  capv' />;  Ji,  ;,^„,,,^ 
are  very  little  relbrteil  to,  being  .\ll  along  twy/. 
foul,  with  many  ftioals,  .ind  not  to  be  ap- 
pro.ich'il  ill  many  parts  i  for  which  reafon, 
the  country  thereabouts  is  but  thinly  inha- 
bited. 

There  is  not  one  wali'd  town,  nor  any 
thing  of  what  the  Europeans  call  fortreires.  No /ir- 
or  caftles,  in  all  thel'e  petty  kingdoms,  oi '"i"- 
in  thole  of  the  Foula  or  jalofes  i  but  .dl  ojK'n, 
great  or  fmall  vill.iges,  or  at  bell  boroughs, 
and  abundance  of  hamlets  and  Icatier'd  cot- 
tages. All  their  ftrudtures  wiiatloevcr  arc 
of  mud,  or  clay,  as  I  Ihall  oblerve  here- 
after, in  its  proper  place,  and  every  where 
thatch'd. 

The  French  of  Senega  and  Goi're'r,  when 
they  fai!  iioin  the  former  of  thole  places  to 
the  latter,  generally  fleer  S\V.  by  W.  for 
fome  hours,  thcnSW.  and  then  again  SW. 
by  S.  the  better  to  weather  point  /lima- 
dilla,  which  "s  about  a  league  to  the  north- 
ward of  cape  I'erde,  running  out  to  Ic-a  NW. 
under  water,  and  conlcquently  not  to  be 
fcen. 

Of  the  River  Senega. 

•T'HE  river  Senega,  which  parts  Ne^ro- 
*  land,  or  the  country  of  the  Blacks  from  u,  Ungih. 
the  Aloors  of  Genehoa,  in  Marmol  formerly 
cMt'Ci  Benhays,  lUns  winding  for  above  thrct 
hundred  leagues  from  eafl  to  weft,  reckoning 
from  rlic  witrr-talls  at  Gaiam,  or  Ga'ai/ta, 
not  far  from  the  place  where  it  parts  from 
the  Niger  in  the  province  o(  Cantorzi,  till  it 
empties  itlllf  into  the  Atlantick  ocean,  at 
Byhtirt. 

'I'his  river  has  many  names  given  it  by 
the  feveral  nations  inhabiting  along  its  banks,  if  ftviral 
The  GelofiS  call  it  Dengueb  ;  the  people  ot  "■""'• 
Totnbtit,  Iza  or  I^a  ineliftercntly,  as  far  as 
the  lake  Si^ifmefs,  alias  Gtiarda,  whence  it 
flows  out  in  four  degrees  of  eaft  longitude 
liom  the  meridian  ot  Lundi.  The  nation  of 
the  Ttircoron.;  dwelling  farther  up  the  in- 
land, call  it  Alaye  ;  the  Sara^olci,  or  Sara- 
coles,  ftill  higher  up,  on  the  Ibiith  (ide,  name 
kColle;  and  the  people  beyond  them  again, 
Zimbale.  'UMiSongnes,  according  to  Afa,-- 
mol,  give  it  the  name  oi  Senega,  or  Z.mag.i 
indiiicicntly  i  and  thence  it  is  likely  tlu: 
French  and  Porttiguefe  deriv'd  that  ot  Sene- 
gal and  Senega,  by  wliich  it  is  now  known  to 
all  Eitro^cam, 

However 


Book  I. 

ife  two 

.VI.'  two 

.)orilcrs, 

t'oriner . 

I'hcyarc 

ml  dd'o- 

;r. 

ear  the 

•c  I  erdc,  TiMitrtm 

II  alun^cw// 

)  be  .\p- 

i  rc.iibii, 

ly  inlia- 

nor  any 
>rcrclVi.-s,  N'D/ir. 
oins,  or '"#•'• 
ill  oix;n, 
iroiiglis, 
■rM  cot- 
i:vcr  arc 
ve  herc- 
•y  where 

r,    when 

[)laceb  to 
W.  for 
,iiii  SW. 
t  A I  in  a- 
le  north- 
ca  NW, 
jt  to  be 


> 


s  Negro- 
icks  \rum UiUngth, 
tormerly 
[)ve  three 
tckoning 
Cti'iimti, 
uts  from 
2(,  till  ic 
cean,   ac 

m\  ic  by 

its  banks.  Hi  fivir»i 

people  ot  "■""'■■■ 

as  far  as 

vheiice  it 

longitude 

n.itionof 

p  the  in- 

or  Sara- 
Je,  name 
ni  again, 
5  to  Mar- 
r  Z.nuig.i 
kcly    the 

of  Seiie- 
known  to 


However 


!i^ 


/■/,//-'  A 


^ 


!i.   ! 


'I 


«; 


■•&f 


If  nfiJ 


Chap.  I.         of  Nigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


17 


However,  fome  Portuguefe  authors  pre- 
tend this  name  of  Senej^a  was  firil  given  to 
the  river,  from  that  of  a  mighty  man  in  tiie 
country,  with  whom  their  nation  firft  tra- 
ded, after  its  firO:  difcovery  by  Denis  Fer- 
nandez, in  the  year  1446-,  but  this  appears 
to  be  a  falfe  notion,  by  what  has  been  faid 
above,  which  is  much  more  probable.  ^1/- 
concelos,  a  more  modern  Portuguefe  hifto- 
rian,  fpeakingofthis  river  Senega,  lays  it  is 
cail'd  by  fcveral  names  in  a  very  ftiort  fpace ; 
but  that  the  aforefail  Denis FernandezcM'd 
it  Rio  Poriugues,  which  is  now  quite  dil- 
ufed,  even  among  the  Portuguefe,  whene- 
ver name  it  any  othcrwifc  than  liio  Sci.egn. 

A  reJ  ri-       This  Senega,  in  its  courfe  to  the  iVn,  fwal- 

itr.  lows  up  many  other  confiderable  rivers, 
coming  from  the  foutliern  country  ;  among 
which,  one  is  more  particular,  whole  bot- 
tom being  a  red  land  or  gravel,  the  colour 
is  rtfleftcd  to  the  furface  of  the  water,  which 
retains  it  foas  to  be  difcernable  from  that  of 
the  Senega,  for  fome  fpace  from  the  place 
where  they  mix  ;  becaufe  the  SeiugaglkWng 
over  a  white  fandy  bottom,  the  wati.-r  of  ic 
every  where  looks  of  a  brightifh  white. 

Antihtr.  Such  another  river  as  the  laft  mention'd, 
comes  down  from  the  country  to  the  north- 
ward, through  Genehoa,  into  the  Senega,  not 
far  above  its  mouth,  and  is  cail'd  Rio  de  San 
Joao  or  St.  John's  river  ;  which,  as  is  repor- 
ted by  the  Benbay  Arabs  and  the  Gekf  Blacks, 
has  alio  a  reddilh  water,  occafion'd  by  the 
colour  of  its  bottom  :  but  of  this  more  in 
the  fupplement  to  this  work. 

Stnega         The  Senega  is  much  Ihallower  than  the 
fetrciM-  Gambia,  and  the  tide  flows  not  up  it  fo  far 

*'j!*  '■  by  much  as  in  the  other  ;  and  therefore  it  is 
not  fo  navigable  in  barks  and  fmall  vefiels, 
being  alfo  choak'dup  in  fevcral  places  with 
rocks,  banks  of  land,  and  fmall  id.mJs ; 
and  in  the  upper  part  of  the  channel,  quite 
obftrudted  by  vaft  water- tails.  Belides,  it  is 
lb  fliallow  at  the  mouth,  and  the  lea  lb  boi- 
llerous,  that  no  fliips,  tho'  of  inconliderable 
burden,  can  get  in  •,  that  being  only  pradi- 
cable  to  flat- bottom'd  (loops  and  barks  built 
for  the  purpofe.  In  fuch  fmall  craft  the/-/  en^h 
inhabiting  the  ifland  of  St.  Lewis,  drive  a 
trade  with  the  natives  on  both  fides  of  the  ri- 
ver, during  the  feafons  it  overflows  for  near 
tiiree  hundred  leagues  up  to  the  eaflward, 
as  Ihall  be  Ihown  hereafter  in  this  defcrip- 
lion. 

u<rt'id       "^  '^*^  current  is  fo  fwift  and  fl:rong  down- 

«»r,r  waru,,  tlidt  the  frefli  water  runs  out  above 
two  leagues  into  the  ocean,  without  mixing, 
an  i  appears  at  a  diftance,  like  a  (hoal  or 
hank  above  the  furflice  of  the  fea.  This 
water  taken  up  four  or  five  Engltfh  miles 
witliout  the  bar,  as  is  commonly  done  by 
the  Frei,\h  company's  lliips,  proves  very 
fwi-er,  and  keeps  good  for  a  long  time. 
\o  i.  V. 


This  rapidity  of  the  river,  occafion'd  by  Baibot 
its  nariowiiels.and  the  length  of  its  courfe  and  '^''VX* 
fliallownefs,  is  the  reafon  why  it  continujily^"*'" 
carries  down  a  great  quantity  of  fand  and 
flime  to  the  mouth,  and  that  being  forced 
back  again  by  the  violent  NW.  winds, 
moft  conltantly  reigning  about  tiiofe  parts, 
is  by  degrees  hcap'd  up  together  by  the 
furges  and  rolling  of  the  fea,  forming  a 
crofsbank,  cail'd  a  bar,  athwart  the  mouth 
of  the  river.  Nor  does  it  con'nuc  always 
in  the  fame  plire,  but  is  n;movecl  futlier  in 
or  out,  as  the  current  liom  within,  or  the 
wind,  or  lea  from  without,  are  flronged 
ind  molt  prevak-nt.  But  ilili  ar  all  times 
this  bar  is  fuch,  that  no  iLips  whatfocver 
can  pal's  up  into  the  river,  as  has  been  laid; 
and  therefore  tiie  French  inhabiting  tlie  illand 
of  St.  Lr-wis,  build  there  tlie  abovc-men- 
tion'd  fiat -bottom'd  barks  of  about  ten  or 
twelve  tun  burtiien,  to  fail  in  and  out  over 
the  bar  ;  for  which  reafon  they  are  pecu- 
liarly cail'd  Barques  du  Barr-  or  B  ;r-Barks. 
But  this  way  of  f.iiling  in  fuch  fmall  craft  is 
extraordinary  liifficalt  and  dangerous  at 
fome  times,  when  the  bar  is  fwollen  higli  by 
the  NW.  wind  from  the  fea,  anJ  the  vio- 
lent frefli  from  the  land,  ard  much  more  at 
low  tides  and  in  foggy  weather  ;  for  then  the 
furges  fwell,  foam,  and  break  upon  the  bar 
with  fuch  fury  and  horrid  roaring,  as  will 
terrify  the  boldeftand  moll  undaunted  failor, 
and  very  often  finks  or  ftaves  the  barks,  or 
at  beft  ftrands  and  very  much  fliattcrs  them. 
Whenfoever  this  happens,  it  is  rare  that 
any  of  the  men  can  efcape  either  being 
drowned,  or  d.v;)ure  '  aiivj  if  they  offer  to 
fwim  for  it,  by  tl,(  v.iil  iiiul'itude  of  mon- 
llrous  fli.irks,  conli.inrly  I'lyi'ip;  about  tlie 
bar,  among  the  rolling  W..VCS.  T:\cFr  ch 
tlierefore  at  llich  ilm- ,  ft  .qjently  w  it  a 
whole  toi  tniyht,  or  three  weeks,  for  the  wea- 
tiicr  to  change  and  the  tides  prove  more  f.i- 
vourable  lor  p.illing  over  the  bar  v  wlich  de- 
lay is  often  very  prejudicial,  ind  retards  the 
difpatch  of  their  fhips  riding  in  6V«c;;',7  road. 
From  this  inconvenimcy  is  ody  excepted 
the  time  wiien  the  river  overflows  in  the 
months  of  July  and  Augufl,  tor  tiicn  the  b.ir 
ispdTable,  without  fcarce  a  day's  interrup- 
tion, as  Ihall  be  farther  Ihowii  hereafter. 

As  the  navigation  up  tiiis  river  is  very  French  rf- 
difHcult  and  liazardous  to  the  Frciuh,  anciM"-;' """ 
generally  their  voyages  for   this   realbn   ttt'^""l>*- 
dious;  In  on  the  other  hand  it  is  advantageous, 
...  fccuring  their  refidence  in  the  ifland  of 
St.  Lewis,  which  is  tlierefore  neither  wall'd 
nor  fortify'd,    bating  only  fome  fcatter'd 
open  batteriesof  afew  guns,  on  ihepirtsof 
the  ifland  which  are  eafiell  of  accefs,  of  which 
more  in  another  place. 

The  mouth  of  the  river  Senega,  ^^ccord- Tht  mcuih 
ing  to  the  latefl  oblervations,    is  exaftly  in "/  '*'  Se- 
F  16"=^^ 


1 

Is* 


h 


m, 


I 


if 


\^. 


ill 


i8 


yl  Defer iptiou  of  the  Coafis 


Book  I. 


IVAter 


Bah  nor.  i6ilegrecs  and  1 2  minutes  of  north  latitmli' ; 

ii^VNJ  ind  yet  moll:  imps  in  Europe,  of  that  wclbrn 
part  of  .f/ru:!,  place  it  :^otiegR'es  tiirtlu-r  to 
the  foutiiward  •,  and  I'^ajloncelns,  a  Port:ii(:irfi 
hiltorijin,  all'igns  to  it  15  degncs  and  ^o 
minutes  •,  which  is  a  great  millake  in  him 
and  all  others. 

This  mouth  is  almolt  a  French  league  over, 
at  the  bar  •,  and  it  is  very  remarkable,  that 
at  the  time  when  the  river  overflows,  the 
trclli  whieh  runs  down  To  impetuous,  torees 
itlllt  new  ways  to  tiie  f^a,  through  the  low, 
narrow,  laniiy  peninlbla  of  the  country  of 
(len(ho:i,  lying  to  the  northwanl,  and  by 
the  /vvw/^  vulgarly  call'd  Pjiiite  ilr  /}  irOiiri,; 
tlio'  very  improperly,  as  givuig  the  name 
of  B III' :r:  to  Gi-n:hoj.  In  the  year  1 66 1 
it  forced  a  pallige  through  this  [icninlula, 
much  high'.r  than  it  ufed  to  tlo,  and  l)ioke 
out  almolf  over-againll  the  illand  of  tlic  re- 
fidence,  which  obliged  the  Frinch  to  remove 
iiigher  up  the  river,  for  a  time.  This  ex- 
traordin.iry  mouth  afterwards  llopping  u[) 
ot  itfelt,  the  water  relumed  it.  natural  courfe 
to  the  ocean, and  fo  has  continued  ever  fince. 
The  w.uer-falls  before  mentmneil,  at  the 
upper  jiarr  of  the  Sene^i!,  not  far  from  Ga- 
lain,  areof  a  great  height  ;  the  llream  as  it 
tumbles  down,  looking  at  a  diltance  like  an 
arch,  or  bow  -,  tor  which  r-jalon  fome  of  the 
natives  call  it  B.irtn,  and  others  Uuab,  both 
fignifying  the  lame  thing  in  leveral  lan- 
guages ;  that  is,  a  How.  No  doubt  but 
that  thefe  mighty  ftreams  of  water  perpe- 
tually filling  from  fo  great  a  height,  occa- 
lion  the  ra[)idity  of  the  river  before  fpoken 
of,  and  render  the  navigation  lb  troublefome. 
''"';  Another  inconvcniente  to  be  obferv'd 
here,  proceeding  from  the  fime  rapid  tide, 
gufliing  out  at  the  common  road  where  the 
lliips  ride  at  anchor,  at  about  two  I'.ir^ijfj 
miles  dillance  from  tlie  raging  of  the  bar,  is, 
that  the  waves  of  the  ocean  for  tlie  moll  pan 
roiling  violently  from  the  northward,  and 
the  mighty  frefh  which  runs  from  the  river 
keeping  the  heads  of  lliipsto  the  ealhvard,on 
their  moorings, they  roll  lb  jiroeligioullv  liar 
boardand  larboard,  with  the gunnils almolt 
to  the  id,  that  it  is  hard  for  a  man  to  Ifand 
tall  on  the  deck  :  and  the  company's  Ihips 
bi  ing  oblig'd  to  ftay  fome  months  in  this 
road,  becaufe  they  cannot  be  fooner  dif- 
patch'd,  their  crews  undergo  much  toil  and 
hardftiips.  Bcfides,  the  Ihips  themfelves  are 
much  damaged  by  this  perpetual  agitation, 
their  cables  wearing  very  tail,  as  well  as 
their  mails  and  rigging ;  to  obviate  which 
milchief  in  fome  meafure,thc/-Vt'w/jgenerally 
as  loon  as  they  come  to  an  anchor,  lower 
all  their  top-malls  and  yarils,  and  fo  con- 
tinue till  near  the  time  of  their  departure 
thence,  either  for  America,  or  back,  to 
/ri7«(f  direclly. 


Bill 
for/hip. 


I  now  proceed  to  the  habitation  of  the 
Freih/j  Si'iie^a  company  in  the  ilVmd  of  St. 
Lewis,  before  mentioned  in  leveral  places. 

0///j(»  French  Faftory  in  the  rii\T  Seseca. 


T 


AV  / 


HIS    Ifland    and    fettlenent  had    tl  cVo""  «»J 
name  ofiV.  L,\:i<  given  it  in  honour ""'"."'/. 


\ii-iil  ot  J'rtinre,  the  natives  calling  it'^'  '■'''" 


of  tiie 

llyncon.  It  is  above  three  F.agl  Jb  milerin  ["i-ate  i 
comp.ifs,  lying  in  the  middle  of  the  river  Se- 
nega, and  about  four  and  a  hilt  or  five 
leagues  within  the  mouth  of  :r.  The  pfnin- 
fula  of  Ceii-hoa  lying  to  the  weflward  of  tlie 
ifland,  and  lieing  low  antl  barren,  the  tur- 
rets of  the  tadtory  ;ire  pl.iinly  to  be  feen  .it 
fome  (.lillance  at  lea,  as  you  come  from  tlie 
northward,  appearing  as  in  the  plaie  lur." 
annexed. 

The  foil  of  thii  little  ifland,  is  like  the  op-  rte/oi/. 
pofite  ])eninllila,  almoil  all  fandy  and  bar- 
ren, and  without  any  verdure,  ex(  ept  fome 
tew  low  trees  growing  at  the  north  end  of  if. 

The  factory,  which  the  Fri-i.cb  <  xpiefs  J/'f/j.!/*- 
by  the  woiii  h,ihi:alio'\  or  dwelling,  i/'- 
liuilt  on  .lie  fouth  fide  of  tlie  ifl.md,  wh,  re 
the  ground  is  fomewliat  more  firm  and 
fclid,  as  is  obferv'd  in  the  plate  under 
the  profpedl  of  the  factory,  defcribing  tic 
form  of  it.  The  buildings  are  fo  inconfi- 
di Table,  that  nothing  worth  taking  notice  of 
can  be  laid  of  them,  any  more  th;!nasto  the 
largenels  and  extent  of  the  warehoules,  lodg- 
inents,  offices,  andcluippel.  It  is  enclollJ 
in  fome  jiarts  with  only  ]ilain  curtins,  or 
mud  walls ;  and  in  others  with  p  lils  ot  clap- 
boards :  and  yet  is  callM  a  tort  by  the 
Frei:ih,  perhaps  on  account  of  three  fiiiall 
range,  ol  iron  guns,  being  fifteen  or  fixteen 
in  luinib.T,  placed  ,ibout  it,  and  niounteci 
on  pl.ittbriiis  of  planks,  to  oppol'e  any  dt - 
fceiit  oil  the  in  ind.  But  were  it  nol  tor  the 
difficulty  ol  getting  up  the  liver,  in  almofl 
any  fort  ot  vcflids,  as  has  been  before  ob- 
ferv'd, this  would  avail  very  little  to  ob- 
Uruct  the  invading  ol  their  refidence,  no 
more  than  it  tlid  tlie  Eii<^!ijh  and  Di.tch, 
when  they  hid  fertlenients  here  in  former 
times.  The  French  here,  tor  the  j^rivile^ft 
of' their  factory  and  trade,  p.iv  to  the  king 
of  Senega  lixtei  n  in  the  huiKirjd  for  hides,  is 
Ihall  be  more  fully  declared  hereafter.  The 
Pfrtwrtiefe  paid  but  t^n  when  they  traded 
here,  and  but  little  for  other  commodities. 

About  a  league  to  the  louthw.ird  of  this 
ifland  is  another  of  much  the  fime  magni- 
tude, where  the  Eng^.ijh  h.i.d  their  refi  'ence F.nRlilh 
in  former  times  i    and  therefore  thi'  i'reiub'f*"*- 
It  ill  call  it  I'/fleuux  /Ir.glsis,  or  the  EngliJ.'j 
illand. 

To  return  to  the  ifl.ind  of  .'>'/.  l.ezc'is,  it  is 
the  ufual  refidence  ot  thedirtdlor,  or  gene- 
ral agent  of  the  French  Senega  company,  and 

lb 


/,:/./.  /•/.:'. 


f.i.i.iH 


|.li(b 


V'j'/ii  (r,tr,//-n.i ■ 
M'j'/it-  t!>tvi  /t>/ii . 


iriim  Ma/Y  //lUilf  . 

H..V/'/>'  /i,  'Mt/itra/i/f.'. 


'S.iSfvr/'  /lorijt' . 
Ol/ii-  A,vt.>c>.;r  ff /PiA-J 

P  XiM/ni.  "^IfM-iV.i  //ilU.lri, 


X.Jl///t/eM<>,>f/. 


'  l!l 


I  (» 


it! 


M 


V, 


Chap. 


If 


iii.. 


fir 

H 

the 

ill 

as 

am 

tlif 
ab( 
e.ic 

g.n 
tk.s 
ami 

CommtJi-  jng 

°/^"'-  locL 

thcr 

nif. 


I  in 


■J' 


'I- 


roiiig  up 


Frej 

ther 

they 

asf.i 

nuTi 

tlilco 

T 

bottc 

but  I 

and  [ 

each 

then, 

and  t( 

by   tl 

bark  i 

a  fii()( 

qii.uu 

fit  for 

Bc-i, 

-     ..    .     tlicy  1 

ihtther.  contra 

drav.n 

bank  < 

vel,    a 

Woods 

the  op 

of  n.ivi 

gard  t] 

the  laj; 

of  the  I 

attend 

liens  o 

abiinda 

walh'd 

and  car 

ten  end 

it  i  the  I 

digious, 

efpccial 

vent  the 

be,  thi-i 

the  anch 

to  whici 

ving  giv 

happens 

lin  that  i 


Chap.  I. 


of  Nigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


15 


Tr.lJing 
btrki. 


fo  (liled  by  them ;  but  tlie  company's 
fcrv.ints  there  give  hiinthc  tide  ot'governoi-. 
His  province  is  in  chief  10  ihrecl  ;uid  iDlpedt 
the  company's  trade,  and  all  otlicr  matters 
in  tliisp.irtof  iV/ijn/M,  orthe  landof  fl/((t(j, 
as  far  as  tiic  river  Gambit.  He  has  feveral 
afTi Hants  and  accountants,  both  here  and  in 
tlie  lodges  and  refidences  the  company  has 
about  this  country  i  with  proper  laCtors  at 
eaciiofthem,  to  whom  he  (ends  from  che 
giner.d  llorehoufe  here,  all  fuch  commodi 
ties  as  are  proper  tor  trading  with  the  natives, 
and  receives  tin  ir  returns  for  the  iww,  be- 
commoJi-  mg  Jinn,  i^cj.l'dujt,  ivory,  hea-i^.ix,  bid- 
liiiofQM-  locks  buks  liry'il,  guin-tirabick,  uhicb  fea- 
""•  thcrs,   p.ignoi,  provifions,  tfc.     This  leads 

me,  before  I  proceed  upon  any  other  matter, 
to  give  lome  account  of  the  manner  of  the 
Freinh  proceeding  to  carry  on  their  trade  in 
the  river  Sciif^i^ti,  and  of  lome  late  attempts 
they  have  made  to  penetrate  up  the  I'.dd  river 
as  far  as  polTible.in  ordr  to  extend  her  com- 
merce along  it,  and  make  njw  advantageous 
difcovenes  towards  the  jV/f,  r. 

To  this  end  they  navigate  the  river  in  flat- 
bottom'd  barks,  reaily  framed  in  Fraiici; 
but  brought  over  in  pieces,  which  they  join 
and  put  together  in  the  ifi,.idof5/.  Lex'is--, 
eacii  of  tiiem  being  about  twelve  tun  bur- 
then, and  mannM  with  fevenor  eight  lyhites, 
and  ten  or  twelve  Laptos  or  free  BLuks,  kept 
by  the  company  in  conllant  pa)-.  Eath 
bark  is  furnidi'd  with  proper  arms.,  and  has 
a  fujiereargo,  or  fadtor,  with  a  competent 
quantity  of  feveral  forts  of  European  goods 
fit  for  that  trade. 

Being  thus  fittetl,  if  the  wind  proves  fair, 
they  hoilt  out  all  tiieir  fails  ;  but  if  it  prove 
tlitmer.  contrary,  or  the  weather  caln.,  the  veflll  is 
drav.n  with  ropes  by  hand  along  the  nortii 
bank  ot  the  Scnr^a,  wliich  is  indilftrent  le- 
vel, and  not  fo  much  encumber'd  with 
woods  or  Ihimps  of  trees,  nor  fo  hilly,  as 
the  oppofite  fouth  fide.  However,  this  fort 
of  navig  ition  is  very  tedious,  not  only  in  re- 
gard they  mull  continually  pull  up  againit 
che  rapid  llreamof  the  river,  but  by  reafon 
oi  the  many  other  toils  and  hardfliips  which 
attend  it,  occafioa'd  by  the  infiipportablc 
heats  of  the  climate,  and  the  oppofition  of 
abundance  of  lloating  logs  and  green  trees, 
walh'd  away  from  the  banks  ot  the  river, 
and  carry'd  down  with  luch  violence,  as  of- 
ten endangers  both  the  veflel  and  the  men  in 
it ;  the  Ihocks  they  give  the  barks  being  pro- 
digious, and  iometimes  ftaving  of  them, 
efpccially  when  they  lie  at  anchor.  To  pre- 
vent thele  dil'mal  accidents,  as  much  as  may 
be,  they  feize  the  end  of  the  cable  about 
the  anclior-liooks,  and  flretch  it  to  the  beam, 
to  which  they  make  it  fait  withmarlin,  ha- 
ving given  the  cable  another  turn  :  for  if  it 
happens  to  be  foul  in  this  manner,  the  mar- 
lin  that  f.illned  it  breaks,  and  by  that  means 


Dungers 
^oin^  up 


the  flouk  of  the  anchor  driws  out  of  theBAURoT. 
ground,  and  Laves  the  bark  adrift ;  fothat^'V^^ 
the  Ihui  k  is  not  fo  dangerous  as  if  it  n.id  held 
tiitl.  Yet  would  not  all  this  very  often  avail 
them  in  tiiofe  dangers,  were  it  not  for  the 
many  turnings  and  windings  of  the  channel, 
which  in  a  great  meafure  break  the  violent 
rapidity  of  the  river. 

Nor  are  the  dangers  they  undergo  any  lefs  jintwt\- 
In  navigating  the  crofs  rivers,  as  it  happen'd /■«'";«« 
more  particularly  to  them  in  an  expedition 
tliey  undertook  not  long  (ince  to  lail  from 
the  Senega  to  the  Giimb:a  by  the  inland,  up- 
on affur  ince  givm  the  g.  neral  agent  ot  a 
free  palliige  lound  out  to  that  elKct;  which 
if  ithai!  futceedeil  wvll,  woukl  have  proved 
Very  aiiv.iiit.igeous  to  the  iraub  company, 
tiiey  being  excluded  the  beneficial  trade  of 
the  Gambui  by  lea,  by  the  Ei]gi:Jh,  who  ;  re 
there  fupeiior,  and  ilo  all  they  are  able  to 
dillurb  .mi  molell  any  lliip  oi  l-'xinci:  tint 
ventuies  to  ir.ide  there. 

This  expedition  was  undertaken  at  ihi  Dif^fftin- 
time  when  ilie5V«('i;.'  river  oveiflowM,  that"*' 
ii,  about  ytt/;,' ;  and  confequently  the  water 
was  every  where  the  deeper.  Vet  it  met 
with  fo  many  unlbrefeen  difficulties,  asren 
dered  it  ineftcdual ;  for  the  bark  fometimes 
ftrayingout  from  the  natural  channel,  ei- 
ther Ituck  upon  (tumps  of  trees,  or  was 
ftranded  on  the  b.inks.  B;fides,  through 
continual  toils  and  hardfliips  the  bed  part  of 
the  tailors  fickned  and  dy'd,  whilfl;  others 
perifh'd  by  the  intolerable  fcorching  hear, 
which  threw  them  into  buining  fevers  j  and 
thofe  wlio  hai'  been  proof  againft  that  into- 
lerable fitigue,  were  dellroy'd  either  by  the 
vile  peifidioufnctsof  the  n.itive  Blacks  ot  the 
country,  or  devoured  aliee  by  alligators,  a 
I'ort  of  crocodiles  which  fwarm  in  tiie  crofs 
rivers,  as  well  as  in  the  Siiirgi,  tome  of 
them  above  ten  toot  long,  lying  dole  among 
the  buU-ru.lies,  or  under  the  water,  along  the 
banks,  and  ever  ready  to  feize  and  prey  on 
man,  when  opportunity  offers. 

I'heirditcoveries  towards  the  upper  pan  Difcntriti 
of  the  AV«<'^;«  have  proved  more  fuccelsful  by  "P  '>"  "- 
degrees,    with  much  labour  and  expence,  "'"■• 
they  having  run  up  it  as  far  as  they  could 
well  go,  to  a  country  call'd  EiP^iieHiViJ,  and 
even  to  that  of  the  Kir^ols,  being  more  than 
two  hundred  antl  fitly  leagues  above  their 
refidence  in  the  itland  of  St.L--:i:s ;  and  have 
there  eiedted  a  t'mall  fort  ot  eight  guns  at 
GaUm  or  GaUine  ;    of  which  a  fartlitr  ac- 
count (hall  be  given  hereafter,  when  I  come 
to  inibrm  the  reader  concerning  the  com- 
pany's trade  along  the  river. 

I  return  now  to  thedelcriptlon  of  the  ma- 
ritime parts,  about  the  river  Sfi;,j;ii,  before 
I  proceed  more  regularly  in  treating  of  this 
part  of  A^/^g-W/w ;  and  fliall  firlt  n^ake  fomc 
obfervations  concerning  the  promontory 

0/ 


■!  ! 


* 


w 


:f!iii 


}■ 


I 

''!    (I 


>!1 


n 


20 

Barbot. 


^  Defcription  of  the  Coafts 


Book  I. 


O/Cape  Verde. 


Dffirip 
tun. 


/« nitm§.  "T HIS,  as  has  been  f.iid  before,  is  gene- 
*  rally  taken  for  the  Arfinariutnoi  Pto- 
lemv.  The  natives,  in  their  language,  call 
it  B-'fciher,  and  th<;  Porittguefe  Cabe  yenk, 
a  name  given  it  by  D^nis  FirnamleZiViho  firft 
difcovcr'd  it  in  the  year  of  Christ  1446,  as 
I  have  obftrv'd  in  the  introdudtory  difcourfe 
to  this  work, and  fignifying  green  cape,  from 
the  perpetual  verdure  the  country  about  it 
is  adorn'd  with,  in  a  multitude  of  beautiful 
lofiy  trees  growing  there,  which  afford  a 
very  curious  profpeft  at  fea. 

I  is  in  the  kingdom  of  Knxtir,  lying  ex- 
aftly  in  14  ilcgre  s  and  25  minutes  of  north 
litirii.ie,  and  in  2  degrees  and  15  minutes  of 
c.dl  longitude,  from  the  meridian  o^Teneriff, 
(Iri'trhing  farther  out  wtftward,  than  any 
orhrr  |iart  of  .-/fiia,  and  is  very  diftin- 
g'jKh.ible  in  coming  from  the  northward, 
'rill-  north  fide  of  this  cape  is  fomewhat 
mountainous;  the  weftern  point  is  fteep to- 
v.-ard-;  th:'  beach,  and  about  half  a  league 
broad,  hiving  fome  rocks  und:.r  water  at  a 
I'lllincc  in  the  lea. 

'J'he  Iburh  fide,  tho'  low,  is  pleafant,  be- 
ing ailorn'd  with  long  ftrait  rows  of  tall  large 
trees  along  the  Itrand,  which  feem  to  ftand 
4S  regularly,  as  if  they  hud  been  planted  by 
art.  At  the  bottom  is  a  fine  fpacious,  level, 
fiindy  fliorc,  like  a  bay,  fronting  WSW. 
and  bcfet  with  feveral  villages  and  hamlets, 
as  far  as  cape  Etiiamiel.  Between  the  two 
capes,  out  at  Tea,  are  two  large  rocks,  or 
little  idand.s ;  on  on?  of  which  ftands  a  fingle 
lofty  tree,  ofan  extraordinary  bulk.  In  the 
otiicr  is  a  vail  concavity  in  the  form  of  a 
gvotto  or  cave,  into  which  the  waves  of 
the  fea  are  continually  rufhing  with  a 
prodigious  roaring  noiie,  and  in  it  is  har- 
boiir'd  an  immenfe  multitude  of  gulls, 
r.iews,  and  other  fea-fowl,  which  have  al- 
ways laid  their  eggs,  and  hatch'd  their 
young  on  both  ^hefe  iflands  time  out  of 
mind,  lo  that  their  dung  has  almoftturn'd 
the  natural  dark  colour  of  the  rock',  into 
pcrftdt  white  •,  for  which  reafon  the  Dutch 
li.ivL'  in  their  language  given  them  the  name 
ot'  B-fiieiten  Ey'.anih,  that  K^Shilten  J/lahds. 

I  took  exaft  draughts  of  the  coaiV  on  both 
fides  of  the  cape,  as  is  here  reprefentcd  in  the 
cut. 

Tiie  variation  obferv'd  here,  is  3  degrees 
and  40  minutes  eatt.  The  current  fets 
SS  W.  three  leagues  out  at  fea.  Five  leagues 
from  the  fliore  we  found  eighty  fathom 
waiiti    the  lead  brought  up  grey  fand. 

Phe  Didch  formerly  built  a  little  fort  on 
the  very  cape,  and  call'd  it  Si.  /Imln-w's; 
which  was  afterwards  in  the  year  1 664  taken 
by  the  Z'.';;^'/ ,6  commotiore //o/wff,  whoalfo 
look  trom  ihemall  the  refidences  the  Dukb 


Plate  i 


i^iriation. 
current, 


fyefl-Imlia  company  had  in  this  part  of  Ni- 
gritia.  He  changed  the  name  of  this  fort  to 
that  of  Tork,  in  honour  of  the  duke  oflhrk 
then  the  principal  member  of  the  Ei^^lijfj 
Royal  African  Company,  and  built  another 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Gambia,  tofccure 
the  trade  of  this  coaft  to  his  nation.  But 
the  Dutch  aiimiral  de  Ruyter  loon  after  re- 
cover'd  from  the  Etii^HJh  the  fort  at  cape 
y^rde,  with  the  other  Dutch  fettlements 
about  it. 

Cabo  Mano'l  or  CapeEmanuei., 

T  S  five  leagues  diftant  from  cape  FerJi;, 
■*■  being  a  flat  hill  covr'd  all  over  with 
ever-green  trees,  in  fuch  order,  that  they 
exadly  reprcfent  the  form  of  an  amphi- 
theatre on  thefouth  fide. 

The  Portiiguefe  gave  it  this  name  in  ho- 
nour of  Emanuel,  fourteenth  king  of  Por- 
tugal, fucceflTor  to  king  "John  the  fecond, 
who  died  OiVo/ifr  25,   1495. 

The  country  about  both  the  capes 
abounds  in  Pintado  hens,  partridges,  liar^  s, 
turtle-doves,  roebucks,  goats,  and  a  mul- 
titude of  horned  cattle. 

The  I/land GozRZE 

T  I E  S  a  league  ENE.  from  cape  Ema- 
^-'  nuel,  by  the  natives  call'd  Barzaguiche^ 
and  Goeree  by  the  Dutch,  at  their  firft 
taking  poffeflion  of  it,  in  memory  of  their 
ifiand  of  the  fame  name  in  the  province  of 
Zealand.  It  was  given  them  by  one  Biram, 
at  that  time  king  of  Kiycr,  and  they  built 
on  it  two  little  forts,  the  one  call'd  Najfau 
on  the  plain,  the  other  nameil  N.-jfau  on  the  Hutch 
top  of  the  hill,  opixjfite  to  it,  on  the  fouth,'''""' 
to  retire  to,  in  cafe  the  other  were  taken, 
for  the  fixurity  of  the  company's  fervants 
and  goods  upon  prefllng  dangers ;  that  being 
made  by  the  faid  company  a  principal  ma- 
gazine for  their  commerce  in  theie  parts, 
befides  that  they  had  at  cape  ytrde  above- 
mention'd.  They  held  this  pl.ice  till  the 
year  1663,  when  the  Engijh  invaded  the 
ifiand,  and  took  the  two  forts  Naffau  and 
Orange  in  the  name  of  the  EnglTj/j  Riyul 
African  Company  ;  but  were  foon  after  turn'd 
out  again  by  the  Dutch  admiral  dc  Ruyter, 
on  the  24th  of  OHober  1664;  who  fent 
Abercromby,  the  Enghf/j  commander,  with 
his  garrifon,  to  the  Ergliflj  refidence  at  Gam- 
bia river,  according  to  the  capitulation. 
The  Dutch  IFeft-India  company  repair'd  all 
the  damage  done  to  this  fettlement  by  the 
Englijh,  and  the  mighty  rains ;  and  railed 
the  walls  of  fort  0/vzH_g?  which  had  been  de- 
molifh'd,  higher  than  before.  From  that 
time  they  remain'd  quietly  {wflVfs'd  of  the 
ifl.md  till  the  year  1677,  when  the  French 
vice-admiral,   the  count  d'Ejlrea,   with  a 

fmall 


.i^'- "< 


LI 


1 ,1 
f 


"W.^t:, 


.M'-' 


m: 

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Ai 

■»  11" 

*. 

t   r 


-m 


— ./rf  <  -J 


—  »..-ii.»)(^: 


i 


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1111'! 
'i 
.,K": 

mi 

,'   '.it  tit 


ill    I 


u 


•I  'i 


/,■■/.   f'.P/.U^  2. 


"'^''sWfo^:, 


— y:^ 


•f-.^r 


ci:^v£:ik.. 


The  ProFpec  t  of  tlie  Nls  '\\^^^r^^ 


^^--^ 


.~^J-a^3^^.    -,.■:  Wi-  itf -a. 


Tile  ProlV)ect  oi"  Cal)o-\eTclf,Lfina;  at  S .  S  .W.  oH"  at  ^>  fa  about  jiLfil  ri,,.  n      ,. 
: .. ^  ilj^^'-olpiTf 


'/"/le  £rra.f^ , 


Tin- Prolppct  of'tlie  ('oaniuers  alxnit  Cabo  Vorrle,  IVoiu  a  ili 


UJsnM 


'Jk'IV,,! 


{ 


V    Ji' 


X 


m^ 


jjHa*^ 


>>^' 


.'/^ 


V4>t 


M. 


"^^^p!**^***"^- 


■-***" 


Ijjjont  3^1^""fl  llif  Prot'porf  ot"  C»l)o -Wrtlt',  ('ri)ni  alxnit ;{ J -i-a'^'ucs  ofl'at  S  .  S  .1' 


hVoiu  a  ( 


m 


H^' 


Tlu'lVolpt-ct  <.l'(\F,nKnuU'l  .C- (if  llu-  I  lie  (  ;>..'1t.  :  tl'.r  I'la-  :i\  K.S.I' 


f 


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I    j: 


y»|^  ' 


-i- 


1*1  P     . 


'i;  if 


il 


J  li 


.<44l!.4i 


l'"it  X'ciru 


[¥..///. 


9 


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y5  :^:: 

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]' (loi'i'fi"  «li''  I'ni-l  \'tM'm:ii)(l(»i8  ;\li:i«S!  MicluH'l 


ii.ii;. 


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J //./■■ 

]),//V'/ 
K  //'a  / 

I,/'//.  /I 


v'/r/\' 


I',  y  |ii;lii:itiuil' 

.\  /A  /V.I..-  .•^'.t>rn.iV./:iii/t.->i. 
II   /'//.. '/./rc.i'JJ.'i't/i.  [\.i/i.i/-f',/ 
I'  .  A  M'.'ii/ej  /,'i/'i/ij .  pi.  u.<f(ni 
1)  ■l'/i,y/,M,'^t<r/i,'iij, 
K  :/'/i<  .Vfii/i'r.'  fU/iuiJ 


'///,•  {'//,; /I /!<•/ 


■ 


» 


W/ 


'1- 


Chap.  i.         of  Nigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


it 


by  tht 
l-iciich. 


Chn  to 


cm  cam 
(any 


fmall  fqiiadronof  fix  men  of  war.took  it  from 
them  on  tlie  24th  of  O^louer,  landing  four 
hiindrcii  and  fifty  men  under  the  command 
of  the  marquis  dc  GnmcL'wviUo  firil  attack'd 
the  lower  fort  in  the  plain.  The  garrifon 
fearing  to  be  befet  by  fea  and  land,  retired 
to  fort  Orangf  on  the  hill,  which  the  mar- 
quis attack'd  with  fo  much  bravery  and  refo- 
lution,  that  the  Dutch  were  forced  to  fur- 
PL'nder  it,  and  themfelves  prilbncrs  of  war. 
This  done,  the  count  d'Ejlrees  having  ran- 
f.i,  !.'d,  burnt,  and  levell'd  both  tin-  fons, 
and  IhipM  olf  all  that  was  of  any  value,  as 
cannon,  utenfils,  and  feveral  forts  of  mer- 
chamlife,  let  fail  from  Gofife  for  the  ifland 
of  -Tuljiig')  in  America,  on  the  ninth  of  yV^- 
vcmlhT  following. 

The  next  year,    1678,    this  ifland  was 
thtlr  Airi-  yielded  Up  by  the  treaty  ot  Nimcgih'ii  between 

'""'      l-'riinci-  and  Holland.,  for  tiie  ufe  ot  the  then 

French  Seiit-^a  comjiany,  by  patent  under  the 
great  fea! ;' excluding  all  and  fingular  oilier 
perlbns  of  that  nation,  under  forfeiture  ot 
Jliips  and  goods,  from  trading  to  any  port 
of  jV. .;r(.'(rt,  except  the  faid  company,  which 
paid  an  acknowledgment  to  the  crown  for  it. 
The  Scncg^d  company  being  thus  put  into 
pofTenion  oi  Coerce,  and  other  re lidences  for 
trade  along  this  coaft,  as  far  as  the  river 
Gambia,  immediately  caufed  the  ruin'd  fort 
on  the  plain  to  be  rebuilt  on  its  former  foun- 
dation, raifing  the  curtins  and  femi-ballions 
lixtcen  foot  high,  and  facing  the  walls  with 
fuch  black  Hones  or  pebbles  as  the  country 
and  ill.ind  afford.  Within  they  erefted  pretty 
convenient  itore-houfes  and  dwellings,  with 
other  offices  and  conveniencics  for  a  fmall 
garrifon  and  faiftory,  giving  the  names  of 
.*iV.  Fruiiis  and  of  l-'ermandots  indifferently 
to  their  new  fort,  formerly  call'd  N/ij'-'"  ^Y 
the  Dun/.:  It  VIMS  call'd  ■' '.^'■■■'^otdoii,  in  ho- 
nour of  the  count  de  /ermandoii,  then  admi- 
ral of  IruiHc,  and  the  name  of  67.  Framii 
was  on  account  of  one  of  the  chief  direftors 
of  the  company. 

I  have  here  given  an  cxa<5l  draught  of  the 
ifland  and  fort  as  taken  on  the  fpot.  At  Hrfl 
there  were  twenty-four  guns  mounted  in  the 
fort  -,  but  afterwards  in  my  time  it  iiad  but 
fixieen,  and  thofe  nor  in  very  good  order. 
Tile  French  made  a  good  ciflern  in  the  fort, 
which  has  been  ever  fince  conflantly  kept 
full  ot"  frclh  water  brought  over  from  he 
continent. 

Here  the  company  has  its  chief  refidcnce 
and  general  flore-houles,  fuitablc  to  the  trade 
drove  at  feveral  ports  and  places  along  the 
neighbouring  coafls  and  rivers,  as  far  as  the 
Bifegoi  iflands  ;  all  m.tnaged  by  a  chi'jf  fac- 
tor, whom  they  there  c«ll  governor,  with 
feveral  inferior  fadors  and  afTiltants  under 
iiisdircftion  -,  yet  even  he  is  fulxirdinate  to 
the  French  general  agent  of  Senega  river. 
The  whole  number  of  officers  and  fervanrs, 
Vol.  V. 


Plate  3 


Ihfftih. 
'r. 


in  the  company's  pay,  with  foldiers  andBAuiior 
La/to  /?/,;iiv  depending  on  the  chief  ut  Gw- ^^'V^ 
fee,  amounts  to  about  three  hundred  men. 
The  I.aj'lo  Blacks  have  feveral  round  huts 
affign'd  them  for  their  dwelling,  without 
the  fort,  on  the  weft  fide  •,  and  jull  by  it,  is 
a  large  houfe  of  bl.ick  ftone  to  lodge  the 
flaves  th.1t  arc  purchafed  on  the  continent. 
Tlic  chappel  in  the  fortisferv'd  by  a  Fran- 
lifcaii  frier,and  has  nothing  in  it  remarkable. 

The  Ibuth-wefl  part  of  the  ifland  is  hilly,  Ciorrci- J^- 
the  eafl  fide  flat,  f'andy,  and  barren,  thc/'"^'''- 
whole  not  much  above  two  EngHjh  miles  in 
compals.  The  landing-place  is  juft  untler  the 
fire  of  the  fort,  at  the  low  point,  in  a  fmall 
bay  fbrm'd  by  a  fandy  beach,  or  firand, 
where  t!u:re  is  good  lilliing  with  a  feane. 
Tht  orher  parts  of  Coerce  are  every  wliere 
endoled  with  a  ridge  of  large  round  black 
ftones  or  pebbles,  and  ilio.ds.  Atilieweft 
point,  among  thofe  Ihoals  and  rocks,  natu- 
rally forming  a  little  bay  or  harbour,  fit  lor 
boats  ,uid  pinnaces,  about  twenty  paces  out 
at  fea,  is  a  fpring  of  good  fiefh  water  ;  and 
near  to  it,  the  fcor.hing  heat  of  the  fun  pro- 
duces a  fbit  of  niirous  fait.  The  French  call 
this  pl.ice  la  Fontaine. 

The  hill  is  indifierent  large,  and  level  at  T/«/w'i. 
the  top,  and  produces  nothing  but  weeds 
and  bull-ruflies,which  harbour  abundance  of 
wild  pigeons  •,  and  at  a  certain  time  of  the 
year  fbme  quails,  which  then  come  over  thi- 
ther from  the  oppofite  continent.  The  toil 
of  the  ifland  is  a  red  fandy  mould  ;  for  which 
realbn, it  produces  very  little  pailure  for  cattle 
and  goats  kept  tiiere  for  the  liibfiibnce  of 
the  comp.iny's  men  ;  the  hffi  grazing  is  on 
the  top  of  the  ab'nv-niintioneil  hill. 

'I'lu  channel  between  tliis  ilLind  and  the 
opjiolite  lontiiunt  is  ikvp  uiotigh  lor  tiiird- 
rate  lliips  ID  pafs  through, and  the  anchoring- 
plaee  before  fort  Verm:uuh:5,  is  about  an 
Englijb  mile  KS  K.  from  the  fliore,  in  eitdit 
or  nine  fathom  water.  As  for  the  former 
fort  Orange,  the  ruins  of  it  remain  there  to 
this  day.  One  inconveniency  here  for  inha-  ^omd: 
bitants,  is,  that  the  whole  ifland  is  dellitute 
ofwooil,  either  for  fheltcr  or  fuel,  there  be- 
ing none  but  only  here  and  there  Ibme  old 
ll.mding  Pallols,  with  little  green  heads, 
and  a  few  buflies,  at  the  foot  of  tlie  hill,  to- 
wards the  road, 

The  ufiial  watering-place  for  fliips  mir.urrin^- 
the  road,  is  at  a  place  ■,i\  the  adjacent  coii-^'-'"- 
tincnt,  by  the  French  call'd  /,•  Cap,  being 
a  t'..ird  point  of  land,  N  E  by  N.  from  cape 
Emanuel .ihovc  Ijwken  of.  The  water  is  there 
taken  out  of  a  pool,  having  a  gr.uelly  bot- 
tom, about  a  mulljuet-fhot  up  the  land  iVom 
the  (Irand.  The  brook  running  into  it,  is 
hemm'd  in  with  buflies  and  briers,  and  the 
water  very  fweet  anil  good. 

The  wooding-place  is  at  a  fmall  dillanceH'.'.'./ix^- 
from  the  pool,  and  almoll  oppofue  to  the/''"" 
G  wreck 


_!! ■ 


m 


i 


1 1 


i;  i; 


22 


j4  Defcription  of  the  Coajis  Book  I. 


Ba'-v'iot.  wreck  of  a  Ihip  caft  away  there  fcveral  years 
''^V**'  fince,  the  ribs  whereof  are  Hill  to  be  fcen  near 
the  fliore  at  low  water.     The  country  there- 
about being  very  woody.whatfoever  is  fell'd 
may  be  convey'd  down  to   the   boats  by 
Blacki,  with  little  trouble,  the  fea  being  lo 
near. 
vilhgmt      About  half  a  league  to  the  weftward  of 
thicaft.    the  watering-place  is  the  village  of  the  cape, 
and  a  little  beyond  it  arc  two  fmall  hamlets, 
the  inhabitants  whereof  commonly  furnifh 
travellers  with  feveral  forts  of  provifionsand 
refrefhments,    either   for  money  or  in  ex- 
change for  goods,  firft  paying  the  ufual  du- 


The  town  of  Rufifco  is  all  flieltcr'd  behind  pifcrif- 
by  a  large  thick  wood,  beyond  whicli  there'""'/'*' 
are  Ipacious  plains  as  tar  as  thi-  eye  can 
reach.  In  this  wood  there  are  abundance  of 
palm-trees,  intermixt  with  much  other  va- 
riety of  verdure  ;  which,  with  the  little  fandy 
downs,  lying  between  the  town  and  the  fea, 
and  the  fine  beach  at  the  skirts  of  it,  makes 
a  curious  profpeft  from  the  fea,  efpecially 
at  low  water,  being  exaiftly  the  fame  as  re- 
prelcnted  in  the  cut.  Plate  i. 

Several  of  king  Darnel's  officers  generally  cntm- 
rcfidc  here,    and  have  a  chief  over  them,  mint. 
call'd  jiUaide  by  the  Portt-gneje  and  natives  ; 


Ci 

cmtle 


ties  to  the  king  of /if.Jjor's  officers.     I  (hall     the  name  importing  a  governor  to  admi- 


Manjjiia- 
iifruit. 


hereafter  give  a  particular  account  of  thofc 
duties. 

The  country  about  here  is  very  barren, 
in  moft  places,  yet  it  produces  abundance 
of  wild  crabbifli  apple-trees,  growing  as 
thick  as  broo:n  on  a  heath,  and  among  them 
very  fmall  flirubs,  on  which  grows  a  Imall 
fruit,  much  refembling  an  apricor,  by  the 
fi/;>i^j  call'd  Mindaihiza,  g-.nerally  no  big- 
ger than  a  walnut,  of  an  agreeable  tafte,  but 
by  the  natives  reckoned  very  unwholcfome. 
The  k-aves  of  the  tree  are  li'<e  ivy,  but  of 
a  lighter  green. 

The  natives  here  fow  and  plant  millet,ricc, 
tobacco,  and  a  fort  of  plumb-trees,  not  un- 
like our  cherry-trees,  which  they  call  Calo- 
var  \  as  alfo  another  plant,  whofe  fruit  is 
large,  and  in  fliape  like  our  gourds.  This 
fruit,  tho' it  has  fcarce  any  fubftance,  being 
puffy  under  the  rind,  over  a  ponderous  hard 
ftone,  of  the  bignefs  of  a  common  egg  -,  yet 
it  is  much  valued  by  the  Blacks,  as  a  great 
dainty,  roafted  under  rhe  embers  and  chew'd, 
when  they  fuck  out  the  juice,  wluch  Is  of  an 
orange  colour. 

tbetoKn  fl/Runsco 


iitriAmi.  TS  by  the  Porlttguffe  call'd  Rio  Frefco  or 
*"  Frjh  Kivtr,  from  the  little  frelh-water 
river  running  down  from  the  inland,  ihrough 
the  thick  woods  Handing  about  it ;  wiiich 
water  thus  gliding  along  under  the  fhady 
trees,  is  therefore  at  all  times  cool  and  frefli. 
The  Dnlch  have  given  it  the  name  of  /^;/- 
cbers  Dorp,  from  the  great  number  of  filh.-r- 
men  inhabiting  it  -,  the  Frf:cb'  corrupting 
the  Portiigiiefe  Rio  Frefco,  have  turn'd  it  into 
Rufifco. 

W  S  W.  from  the  town  is  a  cape,  and  over- 
againft  it,  at  a  diftance,  a  high  rocky  clift, 
cncompafs'd  with  dangerous  (hoals  and  fands 
under  water,  by  the  Dutch  call'd  Kampaen, 
from  Claei  Kampaen,  a  famous  rover  of  their 
nation,  who  firft  ventured  to  appro.ich,  and 
left  it  his  name.  However  the  channel  be- 
twixt this  clift  and  the  continent  is  deep 
enough,  and  fafe  for  any  ordinary  (hip  to  fail 
through. 


Itinipicn 
tlift. 


nirter  jullice,  who  is  aflilted  by  a  Gerafc,  as 
his  deputy.  Tntfe  two  jointly  manage  the 
government,  colledt  the  king's  tudoms,  toll, 
anchorage  and  other  duties ;  but  there  lies  " 
an  appeal  from  their  determinations  toQi/idy, 
viceroy  and  captain-general  of  the  king  of 
Kaycr's  army  ;  of  which  more  hereafter. 

Any  (hips  may  anchor  in  Rufifco  road  initerw/ 
fix  or  feven  fathom  water,  fine  fandy  ground, 
about  two  EnglifJj  miles  from  the  (hore. 

The  heats  are  here  intolerable  in  the  day-  y;i,i,„, 
time,  even  in  Dtcember,  and  efpecially  aihiat. 
noon  ;  for  it  is  then  generally  a  dead  calm  at 
kii,  and  no  manner  of  air  can  come  to  it  from 
the  land,  by  realon  it  is  fo  tlofe  Iheltcr'd 
behind  by  the  thick  woods  (landing  about  it. 
The  heat  is  fo  ftifling,  that  neither  m^n  nor 
beafts  can  endure  it,  or  fcarce  breathe,  e(pe- 
cially  near  the  flrand,  at  low  water-,  (or 
there  the  rrfledion  from  the  fand  alniolt 
fcorches  the  face,  and  burns  the  very  loles 
of  the(hoesinwalkin§on  it  :  andwliat  ren- 
ders, this  the  more  inlupportable,  is  the  air's 
being  infeded  with  a  horrid  ilench,  ex n..  led 
from  a  prodigious  quainity  or  rottin  fmall 
fifh  like  pilci,  irifn.  iitiier  (prc^tl  ttbitj.ul  or 
buried  in  the  fandy  downs  before  the  town, 
which  poifons  the  breath.  The  reafon  of  its 
lying  there  is,  becaufe  none  of  the  HLukiQAZ 
any  filh  till  it  is  thus  putrefy'd.  B.ing  ama- 
zed to  think  to  what  end  they  could  do  tiiis, 
I  was  told  that  the  fand  gives  the  fifli  a  Ibrt 
of  nitrous  flavour,  which  thole  people  highly 
admire  •,  and  according  to  the  proverb,  there 
is  no  difputitig  oflaftes. 

The  bay,  by  the  French  call'd  la  Ba\;eFijl,mt. 
de  France,  or  the  French  bay,  abounds  in 
feveral  forts  of  great  and  fmall  fifli  ;  and 
this  town  (landing  quite  at  the  bottom  of 
it,  is  plentifully  fupply'd,  and  inhabited 
by  abundance  of  fifliermen,  who  daily  go 
out  feveral  leagues  in  their  canoes,  driving 
a  trade  with  what  they  catch  in  the  villages 
up  the  country,  as  well  as  in  their  own, 
whereof  more  (hajl  be  faid  in  its  proper 
place.  Here  is  alfo  a  confiderablc  trade  of 
dry'd  hides,  but  moft  of  them  fmall,  as 
being  of  young  bcafts. 

The 


^  cem- 

m&n- 

"tilth. 


ai 
tv 
ha 
bo 
fui 

am 

is 

Gq 

bu 

COL 


unci  I 

of 

beyJ 

the 
Poy 
itbti 


French 


Chap.  i.        o/Nigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


23 


Vlmiy  of 
cattlt. 


A  cim- 

moa- 

9t»lth. 


in 

and 

m  of 

bited 

y  go 
iving 
ilages 
own, 
loper 
\de  of 
(11.  a» 


The 


Vrench 
iiy. 


The  country  abounds  in  cactle  and  fowl 
of  feveral  forts,  cfpccially  Pintado  hens, 
and  palm-wine,  which  the  Blacks  fell  at 
eafy  rates  in  exchange  for  Sa,igara,  that  is 
French  brandy,  by  them  fo  called ;  a  li- 
quor they  all  love  to  excefs.  A  good  hand- 
fome  bullock  may  be  there  had  for  two 
pieces  of  eight  in  goods,  or  money,  and  a 
large  cow  for  one,  and  fometimes  under. 
Here  is  fuch  plenty  of  black,  cattle,  that  I 
have  often  feen  large  droves  come  down 
from  the  inland  to  refrcfh  themfelvts  in  the 
fea,  at  low  water,  (landing  in  it  up  to  the 
belly  for  fcvcral  hours  together  about 
noon. 

The  French  have  agreed  with  the  king 
of  Kayjf,  to  pay  certain  duties  to  his  offi 
cers,  for  the  liberty  of  taking  in  wood  and 
water.  Each  fhip  gives  a  fettled  quantity 
of  goods.  Btfides,  they  agree  with  the 
Blacks,  who  commonly  arc  employ'd  in 
felling  the  wood  and  taking  up  the  water, 
which  they  carry  on  their  backs  to  the 
boats,  for  which  drudgery  thv-y  are  eafiiy 
contented  with  a  few  bottles  of  Sangara,  or 
brandy. 

C  A  M  IN  A, 

A  very  populous  town,  (lands  at  fome 
**•  dillance  SE.  from  Rufifco.  Tliis  is 
an  independent  commonwealth,  lying  be- 
tween the  countries  of  Ka'jor  and  Baool, 
having  always  withftood  the  attempts  of 
both  thofe  kings,  made  at  fever.d  times  to 
fubdue  it,  by  the  bravery  of  its  people, 
and  their  fondnefs  of  liberty.  This  town 
is  a  continual  mart  for  hidts  and  cloths. 
Generally  two  hides  go  for  a  bar  of  iron  1 
but  cryltal  beads  and  French  brandy,  are 
generally  ftaple  commodities  among  thefe 
people,  and  ffpecially  thofe  r>K  the  inland 
country,  who  rcfort  to  the  market  here. 

Emdukura. 
A  village  two  leagues  S  E.  from  Camina. 
^*-  G.v«/-/.'d'/7j("vis  another  village,  a  league 
and  a  half  farther  from  Emdukura.  Tnat 
of  Purto  (lands  another  league  and  a  half 
beyond  Gimi-hemery  to  the  fouthward,  near 
the  little  river  Pifcina,  fo  call'd  by  the 
Po'tiigwfe,  from  the  great  plenty  of  fifh 
it  breeds. 

Cape  Masto 
T  I E  S  next  to  the  faid  riv  r  Pifcina,  eight 
•'■•'  leagues  from  Rufifco,  and  nine  from 
Gneree.  The  coaft  between  thisCrt/)?  Mafio 
and  Cape  Alanoel,  bending  in,  forms  the 
large  open  bay  facing  to  the  fouthward,  by 
the  French  call'd /a  Baye  d'- France,  or  the 
French  bay,  as  was  faid  above. 

The  Portu^uefe  formerly  gave  this  tiie 
name  of  Cabo  Mafto,  from  an  accident 
which  befel  a  commander    of  a  (liip  of 


theirs,  who  failing  by  it,  was  (b  fuddeniy  Barbot. 
furpriz'd  witli  a  flaw  of  wind,  that  it  brought  >^'V>^ 
his  malls  by  the  board,  as  is  reported.    But  ^J°''"'. 
Md'-mol  fays,  it  receiv'd  the  name  of  Cabo„,^j/' 
de  Maftdes,  or  cape  mads,  from  one  Lan- 
celot,   a    Spaniflj    commander,    in  former 
times,    on  account  of  (bme  extraordinary 
tall  and  llrait  palm-trees,  he  faw  (landing 
thereabouts,  which  from  a  didance  out  at 
fea    look'd    like  marts.     To  prevent  any 
•iich  accidents  from  fudden  flaws,    as   that 
above  mention'd,  thole  who  liave  occafion 
to  fail  this  way,  about  the  cape,  coming 
from  the  land,  generally   ftrike  their  fiils 
beforehand.    Thele  gufts  commonly   pro- 
ceed   from  the    two   adjacent    mountains. 
The  coall  from  this  c;\pe  to  Rufifo  ib  clean 
and  deep,  lb  that  (hips  may  fail  clofe  under 
the  (hore. 

Porto  d'A  l  t 

T  lES  three  Lagwes  to  the  fouthward 
■*-*  of  this  Cape  Majlo,  at  a  river  by  the 
Portnguefe  call'd  Rio  das  Pedras,  or  the 
(tony  river,  the  coall  between  them  tending 
to  the  S  E.  The  French  have  here  a  lodge 
or  fadory,  which  h.is  the  fuperiority  over  p^n^j, 
their  other  loJges along  the  coaft,  as  far  asftHtry. 
Gambia  river.  The  king,  or  Jain,  fome- 
times  refides  at  this  place.  From  this  place 
to  Cabo  Majlo  there  are  (lioals  ,dong  the 
coaft,  running  out  above  half"  a  league  into 
the  fea,  but  there  is  five  fathom  w.iter  on 
them.  To  prevent  any  accident,  wo  ge- 
nerally keep  a  goodofFng,  in  failing  from 
the  laid  cape  ro  Po  to  d'J.i. 

The  anchorin.^  here  is  in  feven  fathom, 
and  prity  good,  h.ving  C,;i!a  Majlo  at 
N  h  W.  :in..'  iiir  n.'m  .rkahlc  palin-rr'.'tS 
ftandiiig  ontlie  fhorc  at  north.  Niir  the 
be.ici  is  u  Kuk,  by  rlx-  F-cnch  call'd  la 
Bueine,  that  is,  the  wiulc  •,  which  from  a 
dift.ince  out  .it  Hm,  looks  like  a  floating 
cask,  right  againft  the  abovemention'd 
palm-trees.     Take  heed  of  this  rock. 

Some  call  this  Puma  iPJli,    from    the  sevnot 
fmall  cape   to  the  weftward,  and  perhaps""'""- 
the  Portuguefe  might  originally  call  it  fo  ; 
it  might  be  alfo  call'd  Porto  d'Jli,  that  is. 
Pott  Alt,  and  by  the  French  corruptly  Pcr- 
tudale :  but  this  is  not  material. 

Here  the  French  fidlory  pays  duties  to  VutUt 
the  king  of  AH,  to  the  Alcaide,  the  king'sf*'^' 
Forbe,  the  Alcaide's  interpreter,  and  to  his 
boatl'wain.  The  duty  for  the  liberty  of 
watering  is  generally  four  bars  of  iron.  Be- 
fides  they  pay,  the  Welcome,  as  it  is  here 
call'd,  to  the  Alcaide,  to  the  Forte,  and 
to  the  interpreter  ;  viz.  to  the  Al  li  'e  five 
bars,  and  three  to  the  Ff>ie;  b  fides  the 
duty  for  anchorage,  and  th.it  of  the  Capi- 
tiin  dt  Terre,  or  commanJer  aftiore,  and 
fix  bottles  of  brandy  among  them  all, 
with  fome  bread  and  fifh.    The  duties  paid 

at 


1,1 , 


m 


CUli 


^m 


III 

I 

1 


24 


A  Defcription  of  the  Coafts 


Book  I. 


VtoJiiil. 


Tlmfunt 


Bariiot.u  parting,  are  eighteen  bars  of  iron,  and 
t^'W*  a  reel  tloili  cloak,  among  the  (iiid  three 
oftii'crs.  They  alCo  pay  ten  hides  for  every 
floop's  loading  of  any  goods,  and  leveral 
other  fmail  fees  to  inferior  officers  of  this 
port ;  and  to  tiie  Blacks  of  the  point  and 
cadenian,  each  a  bottle  of  brandy. 

In  this  town  there  are  fome  Poytugiiefe, 
Miilal/os,  and  trading  people.  It  is  a  great 
market  for  dry'd  bullocks  hides,  wliicli 
are  niucli  larger  than  tliofeof /Jh/z/^o.  To- 
bacco grows  here  wild  witliout  planting, 
the  green  leaves  whereof  the  natives  gather 
and  chew  witij  much  fatistaftion,  tho'  very 
harlli  and  coa' 'V.  Tiie  country  round  about 
is  n.iturally  very  fertil,  antl  were  the  Blanks 
more  iuduftrious,  tliey  might  cultivate 
jilunty  of  many  forts  of  plants.  Tiiey 
have  tamarinds,  ananas,  a  fruit  like  dates, 
but  fnialieuand  very  i'weet,  of  wh'ch  they 
make  a  fort  of  liquor,  f'omewhat  inferior 
to  palm-wine  ;  there  are  alfo  Sih^  trees, 
iV<;rv;>/c.f,  J  fort  of  pear-plumb,  Nutnpalas, 
I'awhdlumhas,  cotton,  oranges  and  1cm- 
inons,  of  thefe  two  laft  but  few  ;  indigo, 
cxWW  ilvive  ylrvore  lie  Tmto,  in  Portuguej'e, 
dying  trees,  Cacatoei,  &c.  of  all  which 
more  hereafter. 

Clole  by  this  town  is  the  pleafant  delight- 
ful wood  Tapa^  the  fliade  of  whofe  lofty 
trees  is  very  advantageous  for  affording  tiic 
inhabitants  flielter  againft  the  excefllve 
heats  of  the  fcorching  fun.  There  the 
PcrtHguefe  have  a  more  peculiar  abode. 

There  is  great  plenty  of  cattle  all  about 
this  country,  as  well  as  at  Riififco  ;  and 
particularly  of  kine,  as  appears  by  the 
hides,  whicli  am  their  main  trade,  wh-reof 
we  fliall  have  occafion  lo  i'pe,k  as^ain. 

r  o  K  T  o  Novo, 
npH  A  r  is,  new  haven,  is  three  leagues 
'-     beyond  Porto  <l'. Hi  to   the  S  E.  Hand- 
ing on  a  bay,  but  has  nothing  remarkable. 
About  a  league  and  a  half  beyond  it  again, 
I'lr^raSc-  the  fame  way,  is  PtiiUu  Serena,  right  before 
""•'•         whKh  is  a  bank  of  land  two  >  or  three   fa- 
thom under  water  :  when  you  have  brought 
Cdo  Majlo  to  bear  N  N  W.  :;nd  Punt  a  Sc  1  e  a 
E  S  E.  you  are  upon  this  bunk. 

The  coafl:  between  thefe  two  places  is 
low,  and  all  over  woody,  and  tiie  fliorc  all 
along  befet  witii  fmall  villages  and  hatnlets 
of  no  note. 

Some  will  have  it,  that  departing  from 
Porto  d'Ali  for  Juala,  there  ought  to  be 
an  offing  kept  of  about  three  leagues  and  a 
^'"i''  half  from  the  (hore,  to  avoid  Ibme  flats, 
which  lie  off  the  fea-coafl  -,  but  it  is  well 
known  there  is  four  fathom  of  water  upon 
thofe  flats,  and  fcven  fathom  in  the  channel, 
betwixt  the  fliore  and  the  faid  flats;  and 
therefore  others  look  upon  this  asaneedlefs 
precaution. 


Half  a  league  to  the  fouthwarJ  of  Puni.i 
Serena,  is  the  point  caWW  Puntu  l.u-ar,  in 
the  way  to  Jiiala,  or  Joalu. 

J  U  A  L  A. 

A  N  open  town,  fcaied  on  Rw  ili  la  Cra- 
cia,  that  is,  Grace  River,  which  p-arts 
this  petty  kingdom  of  jfua/.t  from  that  of 
////,  or  Jh:     Acrofs  the  river'.'-  mouth  is 
the  bar,  which  remains  dry  at  low  t  bb,  and 
on  it  is  a  fpring  of  frelh  water.    This  barUe itr. 
renders  the  river  not   navigable  tin  l]uy,s, 
but  only  fuch  fmall  craft  as  boats,  or  canoes  ; 
and  even  v/ithin  the  bar  the  river  is  Ihallovv, 
liaving  generally  but  four  foot  water.     For    . 
this  reaibn,  great  fliips  relbrting  hither,  ride 
out  in  the  open  road,  in  five  or  fix  fathom 
water,  at  about  half  a  league  diftance  from 
the  ftrand,  arid  fmall  veflels  in  two  fathom 
and  a  half.     The  inhabitants  of  'Ji/ala  ge- 
nerally carry  pafiengers  afliore  in  their  pin- 
naces or  canoes. 

About  a  league  to  the  Northward  of  ihcshMismd 
town  there  are  fome  flats,  right  againfl:  a  '^"^'■ 
white  point  of  land,  by  the  French  call'd 
La  Pointe  Blanche,  or  white  point  •,  but  by 
the  Portir^iiefi;  I-'aziicho  ;  appearing  fome- 
whit  higher  than  the  refliof  the  land  about 
it.  On  the  fouth  fide  of  it,  tliree  leagues 
out  at  fea,  arc  fome  flioals,  call'd  Baixos  Je 
Domingo s  Ramos ;  and  about  two  leagues 
north-weft  from  this,  is  a  ridge  of  fmall 
rocks,  lying  underwater,  and  by  the  Por- 
tuguefe  callM  Baixo  ile  Burbocim. 

On  the  fourh  fide  of  the  town  of  Juala,Rivman4 
runs  another  fmall  river,  fujjpofed  to  pro-'y2«»/ 
ceed  from  that  of  BorjJ-:,  which  gives 
birth  toanotiier  little  river,  call'd  Rio  das 
Ojlras,  or  oyfter  river,  fiom  the  great 
plenty  of  oylters  found  in  it  by  the  Por- 
tugticji:  Near  to  the  fa  id  oyller  river,  the 
Porlupiefc  charts  place  die  illmd  lliyjjani- 
qitc,  inhabited  by  Blacks,  and  it  lies  very 
dole  to  the  continent. 

At  this  town  of  Juala,  the  French  have  Duties 
a  fettled  fadtory,  and  pay  the  ♦bllowing^*'^- 
cuftoms  and  duties  to  the  king.  Fifteen 
thoufand  of  bugle,  and  eighteen  knives, 
to  the  king,  the  Alcuidc,  the  firll  ami  fe- 
cond  GerafoSf  the  captain  of  the  water 
and  their  boys.  Four  tlioufanil  ditto  to 
the  Jagnrafi;  and  to  the  king's  Guyriol, 
that  is  chanter,  or  rather  bufloon,  at  co- 
ming afiiore  ;  and  to  other  fmaller  offi- 
cers, fome  acknowledgment  in  brauuy  or 
toys.  The  Portugueje,  befides  all  thefe 
cuftoms,  ufed  tr  give  them  fome  provi- 
fions. 

There  is  a  road  made  by  land,  betwixt  «"</ »y 
this  town  and  thil  of  Porto  d' M,  running '"'"'• 
from  village  to  village  along  the  fea-fiJe, 
as   far  as  Rufifco,  for    the    tonveniency  of 
travellers  repairing  to  ti.e  markets. 

Some 


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Chap.  t. 


^Nigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


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So;nc  leagues  to  tiie  S  E.  of  Rio  d.is 
Ojlra',  tlie  river  Boijalo  fills  into  the  At- 
Uniiik  ocean,  in  the  midft  of  a  bay,  or 
brinling  in,  the  coaft  being  about  nine 
leagues  from  Jtiala.  Some  tall  tills  river 
Jiafiwittmis,  like  the  n.itlves;  it  comes 
tlown  above  forty  leagues  li  N  R.  up  the 
inland,  bellt  on  each  fuie  witii  many  vil- 
ligcs,  fmall  hamlets,  and  Icattering  cot- 
tages. The  tide  runs  up  it  ten  or  twelve 
leagues ;  and  tho'  it  be  Ibn-iewhat  Hat  and 
fliailow  in  Icvcral  parts  near  tiic  mouth, 
yet  fliips  of  confiderabic  burden  may  fail 
m,  there  being  three  or  four  fathom  of  wa- 
ter in  the  channel  j  but  I  never  heard  of 
any  confiderabic  trade  drove  thi.ro. 

Some  leagues  to  the  SI'',  of  tlii";  river, 
is  afmaller;  by  the  Blncks  c.dl'd  Biizalmi, 
and  by  'le  French  Brez.ilme,  which  tho' 
forming  a  .'ide  mouth  to  lofe  iildf  it.  the 
fea,  is  neverthelcfs  not  navigable,  being 
choak'd  up  with  many  b.inks  and  fands  ; 
for  which  reafon  the  native';  pafs  in  and  out 
in  canoi'S.  Befides  there  is  very  little  com- 
mL-rce,  bating  tliat  the  Puriifgiie/e  there 
buy  ialtand  provifions. 

The  coaftsfrom  the  river  Bo<fi!a  to  the 
Camlia  are  low  and  level,  adorn'd  with 
ft.itely  trees,  but  thinly  peopled,  as  I  fup- 
pofe,  for  want  of  good  rivers ;  for  all  the 
way  between  the  uver  Buziihni  and  Punta 
da  Barra,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Gambia, 
there  are  only  fome  inconfiderable  ones,  as 
Rio  da  Sali  or  falt-river,  and  CrikJ,  which 
Idfe  themfelvcs  in  the  ocean  among  the 
Berbeciiies  properly  fo  call'd,  who  extend 
as  far  as  the  river  fior/a/o.  Among  them  is 
•  a  little  colony  of  Porluguefe,  call'd  Po- 
voafao  de  Brancos,  fignifying  borough  of 
v/hites,  in  Portuguefe.  This  town  is  three 
leagues  from  the  village  of  Bar,  otherwife 
call'd  Amiabir,  (landing  on  the  north  point 
of  Gambia  river,  where  tlie  king  of  Bar 
often  refides,  which  I  fhal!  h;ive  occafion  to 
ihention  more  at  large  in  anotiier  place. 

This  is  all  the  account  1  could  find  to 
give  of  the  maritine  part  of  Nigritia,  from 
Cape  Verde  to  the  river  Gambit.  I  am  now 
to  fliow  a  (ketch  of  the  inland  countries, 
and  (liall  proceed  ascautioufiy  as  I  have  done 
along  tlie  coaft  ;  returning,  for  the  lake  of 
good  order  to  the  river  Sengi. 

The  Arr.bian  Moors,  fuppns'd  by  fome 
to  be  of  the  tribe  of  the  .■izo.ij^hfs,  inhabit 
that  part  of  Genehoa,  which  borders  on  the 
north-fide  of  the  v'wtr  Senr^a,  as  far  as  Rio 
dos  Mariiiguins,  that  is,  the  river  of  gnats, 
which,  as  the  natives  inform  us,  comes 
down  from  the  country  of  Aiguiii,  far  di- 
ftant  to  the  northward,  and  lofcs  itfelf  in 
l\\K  Senega.  They  fuppofe  thefe  y^/rrti;  ex- 
tend ealtward,  up  the  inland,  as  far  as  the 

Vol.  V. 


other  part  of  Genehoa,  ciU'd  Azgar,  in  Barhot. 
their  language,  fignifying  marfliy  grounds,  v^v^^ 
from  the  many  morales  there  arc  in  '•■. 

'X\\t{t  Arabs,  who  are  a  i.-agrt  tawny 
people,  or  of  a  foot  colour,  h.. .c  no  cer- 
tain place  of  r.bode,  but  wander  up  and 
down  for  the  conveniency  of  finding  palture 
for  their  cattle,  and  in  fuch  places  pitch 
their  tents  for  a  time  -,  having  neither  fords 
nor  princes  to  govern  them,  as  their  neigh- 
bours the  Blach  have,  but  only  fuch  chiefs 
as  they  think  fit  to  appoint  for  a  time  i  one 
of  which  is  Ali-Fouke,  refiding  on  the  north- 
fide  of  the  Stnegj,  of  whom  more  will  be 
faid  in  its  place. 

Of  the  inland  countries. 
"Tp  H  !  S  kingdom  has  very  much  declin'd  i^'H^'m 

*■  from  what  it  was  in  former  times,  botli"-/^  Senega 
as  to  extent  of  dominions  and  the  number  of 
people.  The  wars  it  has  continually  been 
ingag'd  in,  have  confiderably  contrafted 
its  limit.. ;  for  the  country  of  Genehoa,  was 
once  a  dependance  on  it,  and  therefore  in 
thofe  days  inditfcrently  call'd  Genehoa  or 
Senega.  At  prefent,  its  greateft  extent  is 
about  forty  five,  or  fifty  leagues,  along  the 
fea-coaft,  and  but  about  fifteen  in  breadth 
up  the  inland,  under  the  Government  of 
the  great  Brak,  king  of  the  Senega  negroes ; 
Brak  in  the  language  of  the  country  im- 
porting the  fovereign^  as  Ca/ar  does  the 
Roman  emperor  in  Europe.  Thus  Adoni- 
bezek  fignily'd  lord  or  king  of  Bezek,  a 
nation  fubdu'd  by  the  Ifraelites,  immediately 
after  the  deceafe  of  Jofiiia,  according  to 
Jofiphus,  lib.  5.  c.  2.  Adoni  or  Monai  in 
Hebrew  fignifying  lord. 

The  dominions  of  Cheyratick,  oi\\trfi\(eKingdcm»f 
cM'd  Sihtiik,  king  of  the /•(?«/«,  of  which '*'''"o"'«- 
fome  mention  has  been  made  before,  ftretch 
out  about  three  hundred  leagues  in  compafs, 
reckoning  from  the  country  of  the  Fargoti 
in  the  eaft:,  on  the  river  Senega,  down  about 
fifty  leagues  to  the  fea-coaft  weftward ; 
comprehending  in  this  fpace,  ten  other  ter- 
ritories and  petty  kingdoms,  which  are  tri- 
butary to  it,  befides  that  of  Ali-Fouke,  be- 
fore fpoken  of,  over  whom  this  king  claims 
a  fuperiority,  and  feme  others  on  the  no;th 
fide  cf  the  Senega.  The  town  or  city  Ca- 
melingun,  ali.^s  Conde,  is  reputed  tlie  me- 
tropolis of   this    little    empire,     ftanding 

.bove  a  hundred  miles  up  the  inland,  eaft- 
ward  of  the  Senega. 

The  Foules    may  be  properly   divided  Two  »#. 
into  two  ditFerent  nations,  the  caftern  and ''""  •/ 
the  wcftern,    inhabiting  from   the  eaftern'*""' 
part  of  the  Gelofes    to   Catnelingtta ;    and 
ftrctching  from  Denkan  to  Bociet,  on  the 
weft  to  the  lands  of  the  Gelofes ;  and  towards 
the  fouth,  to  tiiofe  of  prince  ^e//yj  and  to 
part  of  the  kingdom  of  Borjak. 

H  The 


Some 


I 

'Si' 


m 


;i' 


iii 


If!! 


16 


A  Dejcription  of  the  Coajts 


Book  I. 


Bariiot.  The  natives  reckon  tlicir  king,  the  molt 
Y^-fV  po'ciu  prince  in  all  thole  countiii;s,  as  I 
^'""■'"'■f  ihall  fliow  in  another  place.  Helwstiic 
clurader  of  being  very  courteous  .11. d  civil 
CO  the  Euroje.DH  ;  and  has  tucji  regard  tor 
them,  as  not  to  iuller  any  of  ihcni  to  be 
wrong'd,  or  abiis'il  by  his/libjeds.  They 
affirm,  lie  is  able  to  bring  forty  or  fihy 
thoul:;nd  men  into  tlic  fijld,  upon  occafion, 
without  any  difficulty,  according  to  the 
method  the  Blacks  ufe  in  r.  ifing  chei|-  armies  i 
their  warlike  expeditions  being  very  fliort, 
for  want  of  laying  upllorcr,  and  ei.iing 
magazines  to  lupport  them  long. 
KinjJmof  'I'lic  liingdom  of  the  GV/yi,  or  Jalofri, 
"■"•'■'•"'"  as  has  been  already  rbferv'd,  extends  near 
a  liundred  leagues  eaftward,  and  about 
fixty  five,  or  feventy  north  and  foiith,  on 
both  fides  of  the  river  Borftilo,  iiom  Gam- 
bd  to  the  kingdom  of  Hair^a.  Marmol 
calls  thefe  people  Chelofcf. 

As  to  the  Blacks  dwelling  above  the  town 
of  Kijor,  among  the  weltern  fuuUs,  no- 
thing can  be  faid  of  them,  but  what  is  rt- 
porte  J  by  fome  faftors  of  the  Fnncb  com- 
pany, viz.  That  beyond  St-rniuk,  or  Cbc- 
raiick,  are  the  countries  of  the  Juiregols,  or 
Fargots,  and  of  Enguclar.il,  diftant  from 
their  fadory  above  three  hundred  leagues, 
up  the  river,  with  whom  they  have  began 
to  fettle  commerce  ;  the  inhabitants  no 
way  differing  from  the  other  Blac'-i  below 
the  river  Senega. 

Of  the  roads  by  land. 
'I"  H  E  French  in  Senega  travel  on  camels, 
horfes,  or  afTes,  in  fix  days,  from  their 
fiiftory  on  Si.  L-wn'i  jfiand  to  Kayor,  a- 
mong  the  weilern  Fotdes  -,  but  with  abun- 
dance of  toil  and  danger,  mod  of  the  way 
being  through  vaft  thick  forells,  fwarming 
with  robbers  and  wild  beafts,  without  any 
fort  of  lodging  to  repair  to  at  night. 

The  road  by  land  from  Rio  Frcfco,  or 
Rufii'co,  to  B-jhurt  on  the  Seiiegd,  tho'  partly 
through  woods  and  forefbs,  is  nothing  near 
fo  bad  as  that  which  leads  from  the  faftory 
to  the  town  of  Knycr,  This  we  h.re  fpeak  of 
ii  opi.n,for  departing  from  Rufifco,  the  roads 
run  N  E.  to  the  village  Beer,  about  a 
league  diftant.  From  Beer  to  Jandos  is  two 
leagues  firther,  it  belongs  to  a  vafl^d  of 
the  king  of  Juala,  and  there  are  abunuance 
of  palm-trees.  From  Jandos  it  extends 
ftill  three  leagues  northward,  to  a  lake  by 
Eutan  a  the  natives  call'd  Eiitan,  and  by  the  Por- 
iriMkkt.tuguefe  Alagoas\  that  is,  lakes,  being  four 
leagues  in  length,  and  half  a  league  in 
breadth,  from  which  feveral  little  rivers 
runout,  in  the  rainy  feafon,  and  it  abounds 
prodigioufly  in  fifh,  tho'  in  fummer  it  is 
almoftdry.  The  bottom  of  the  lake  is  all 
cover'd  with  a  fort  of  fmall  fhells,  by  the 
natives   call'd  Siml/oj,    much   like   thole 


which  the  Blacks  of  AiiTftla  ufe  inftead  ol 
money. 

From  this  lake  the  ro.id  runs  N  E.  to  «;,/<  h 
Evd-.ito,  a  village,  where  they  fay,  the  •'""'7'"'>- 
aiicicntell  fuiiilyof  the  inhabitants  has  of 
courfe  the  (ijovernment  of  the  place,  and 
there  travclLrs  generally  iie  at  night. 
There  the  road  turns  off  N  W.  to  a 
viUa^jje,  wh'i:h  n  the  ul'ual  refidence  of  the 
priefts,  or  Marai/oiit>,  of  the  country 
round  about,  by  the  B'acks  call'd  Ly- 
cherins. 

From  this  village  the  road  goes  on  eaft- 
ward,   to    another  village,    call'd    Eiidir, 
and    from  this  again  to  that   of  Sunyeng, 
where  formerly  fome  Pcr:tiguefe  lived  with 
their  families,    but    are  lince  remov'd  to 
other  places  -,  yet  have  ftill  there  two  large 
houles,  with   each  of  them  before  an  ex- 
traordinary large  calabafli  tree,  in  which 
the   faid  Pi.fiugtiefe  had  ing<'niouny  con- 
triv'd  a  fpacious  fummer-houfe,  fram'd  ofsummn- 
the  boughs,  to   divert  thcmfelves,  during''""/'''""' 
the  heat  of  the  day.     Here  is  •.lib  a  well,  """• 
ten   fathom  deep,    which   fupplies  all  the 
country  about,    with  fweet    frelh    water, 
which  taltes  as  lufcious,  as  if  it  were  tem- 
perM  with  honey.    The  fi/rtf^J  affirm,  that 
the  water   of  certain  brooks,   which  arc  sirAn^i 
near  by  this  place  is  {x-rnicious  to  camels "''"'• 
iind  dromedaries,  and  yet  good  and  whole- 
lome  lor  all  other  creatures. 

From  Sanyeng,  the  road  leads  to  Mangar, 
the  refidence  of  the  king  of  Kuyor,  for 
fome  part  of  the  year  -,  .-"id  thence  ftretches 
on  to  Emhou/,  where  the  faid  king  of  Kayor 
has  his  chief  Seraglio,  being  a  fpacious  man-  Seraglio, 
fion,  parted  from  the  town  by  a  paliffido, 
or  hedges  of  reeds,  and  the  .avenues  to  ic 
planted  on  both  fides  with  palm-trees,  and 
a  large  plain  before  it,  hemm'd  in  with 
trees,  where  the  Blacks  ride  their  horfes. 
This  Seraglio  is  the  habitation  of  the  king's 
principal  wives,  whom  they  call  Sogona, 
and  no  man  isallow'd  to  come  nearer  to  it 
than  a  hundred  p.ices. 

From  Mangar,  the  ro.id  holds  on  ten 
leagues  to  the  village  Embar,  the  refidence 
of  the  next  fuccillbr  to  the  king  of  the 
country  ;  and  thence  it  proceeds  to  and 
ends  at  Byhiirt,  a  town  on  the  river  Senega,  R)luut 
almoft  oppofiie  to  the  iflandof  St.  Leicii."""- 
At  this  town  of /Jv/!///;/ are  the  king's  col- 
kftors  for  taxisand  tolls. 

It  is  to  '  e  obferv'd,  that  befides  the  feve- 
ral places  here  mentioned  in  the  account  of 
the  road  from  Rufijco  or  Rio  Frefco  to  B)- 
hiot,  there  are  many  other  fmall  villages 
or  hamlets,  katter'd  along  the  fides  of  it. 

Tnivelkrs  are  alfo  to  be  inform'd,  ihMinreu-.t. 
the  heat  h. re  is  almoft  intolerable  all  the'""""""' 
year  about,  only  fomewhat  abating  during'*'""" 
the  months  of  No-vetnber  and  December  ;  and 
that  tluic  is  no  Hopping  from  morning  till 

nighr. 


f.u. 

IjuL'U/iir/,  air 
the 


can 

all 

und 


fjihecom-      I 

'•'■  level 

mix' 

river; 

alnio 


)K 


I. 


Chap.  2.  o/'Nigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


2.7 


null  h 


Li 
iC 

y 

)- 

\- 

•r, 

'X« 
iih 
to 
rgc 
ex- 
ikh 
on- 

ring ''»"('  '"'' 
veil,"'"' 
.  the 
atcr, 
tem- 
tlwt 

imcls""'"- 
/hole- 

;«?«'■» 
•,  tor 
etches 

Kayor 

man-  ScngUo. 

ftido, 

s  to  it 

s,  and 

\\  with 

norfes. 

king's 

r  to  it 

I  on  ten 

kidL'nce 
lot"  the 
\o  and 

iLftcii-"*"- 
col- 

tic  fcve- 

Dunt  of 

toB\- 

i-illiiges 
|of  it. 

that  Jnrrr-'- 

lall  the  «;'"'" '" 

1    ,  thtrctiti 

during' 

ir;  and 

ling  till 

night. 


U'rurhe.l 


night,  unlcfs  it  be fome  little  time  alioiit  noon 
under  fome  trc'.'s,  to  eat  ot  fuch  provificins  as 
they  mull  of  neceflity  cany  along  with 
them  on  httle  aflcf,  whii'ii  arc  dull  heavy 
creatures,  horfes  being  liarce  at  Rnfifio. 
However,  the  I'reucb  agents  ride  a  horf  •- 
back,  and  rheir  fervants  on  tliofc  i()rry  alVes 
without  iiiddles,  which  is  extraordinary  un- 
cafy-  At  night  they  lie  at  (bme  village, 
where  there  is  no  accommodation,  either  tor 
man  or  bead;  molt  of  the  n.uive  hl.nks  li- 
ving for  tile  mofl:  part  on  roots,  |or  want  of 
torn,  which  is  the  common  tood  in  other 
places,  thefe  here  being  extr.ionlinary  lazy 
and  miferable  poor. 

Their  little  houles  or  Inus  are  generally 
made  of  draw,  yet  fome  more  commodious 
tiian  others,  builtrouiid,  witliout  any  other 
door  but  a  little  hole  like  the  mouth  of  an 
oven,  through  which  they  mull  creep  on  all 
four,  to  get  in  or  out  i  an  I  having  no  light 
but  at  th.it  hole,  and  a  conilant  iino.iky  fire 
continually  being  kept  within,  it  is  impofl'i- 
ble  for  any  but  a  BLuk  to  li\e  within  them, 
by  reafon  of  the  exceirivc  heat  from  the  roof, 
and  no  lefs  from  the  Hoor,  bi  ing  a  dry  burn- 
jltsibth.  ing  fand.  Their  beds  are  made  ot  Icveral 
I'mall  (ticks,  plac'd  at  two  finger's  breadth 
dillancc  from  each  other,  and  fallned  toge- 
ther with  ropes,  the  whole  fupported  by 
fliort  wooden  forks  fet  up  at  each  corner. 
'Tis  not  difficult  to  guefs  what  ealy  tleeping 
there  is  like  to  be  on  fuch  beds,  tho'  the  bet- 
ter fort  of  them  fpread  a  mat  over  thefe  bed- 
fteds  to  lie  on.  The  men  of  Byhurt  are  fo 
litzimin  lizy,  that  they  will  do  nothing  i  the  women 
auuLud  manage  all,  even  their  fmall  trade,  by  which 
vMiiii.  ,^(,31,5  they  have  the  opportunity  of  being 
very  leud  and  debauch'd  with  the  European 
failois. 

At  this  place  of  Byhurt  are  Hill  to  be  feen 
theruinsof  a  fort,  which  the  Portiigtiefe  had 
almoft  tinifh'd  in  the  year  I4H;^,  under 
the  command  of  Pehr  Pas  d' .1. toihii  BiJ'ngit- 
do,  fent  hither  exprefsly  by  king  John  II.  of 
Porliiiial,  with  a  fleet  of  twenty  caravels, 
carrying  men  and  materials  to  elfeft  it  with 
all  fpced.  That  king  was  iiniuced  to  this 
undertaking  by  the  prell'ing  inttancesof  one 
Bemoy,  at  that  time  king  of  the  country. 


rorru- 


who  being  fucccflbr  to  Bjrhiramt   king  ofBARsoT. 
the  Ge'.ofei,  and  cxjxiird  by  an  infurreition  ^-^W*^ 
of  his  fubjeds,  ran  afoot  from  hence  along 
the  fea-coaft,  as  tar  as  Atjuin,  where  he  iin  • 
bark'il  for  Portui^al,  with  fome  of  his  fol- 
lowers, to  beg  the  aflittancc  of  that  king, 
who  recciv'd  him  atfedionately,    caufing 
him  and  all  his  retinue  to  be  converted  and 
baptized  with  much  pomp,  and  gave  him 
the  name  of  John,  being  himfelf  godtather, 
and  the  queen  godmother.    This  Bemo'j  re- 
turn'd  to  his  country  with  the  aforefaid  com- 
modore Acunha,    and   being  landed,    pro- 
ceeded to  build  the  fort  wc  h.ave  mentioned  -, 
but  the  place  proving  very  unhealthy  to  d'A- 
f/.'«A.(  and  his  men,  whodicd  apace,  and  the 
fituation  being  bad,  bccaufe  of  the  ftrong 
current  of  the  river,    d'Aaoiba  was  fo  in- 
cens'd,  fearing  his  king  would  appoint  him 
governour  of  the  new  fort,   which  would 
make  his  life  milerable,    that  in  a  rage  he  B4r4/trii»4j 
murder'd  the  unfortunate  black  king  Bemoy,"''' 
alioard  his  (hip,  and  return'd  with  the  reft 
of  his  men  to  LiJ/'on-,  leaving  the  fort  half 
built.     King  John  was  highly  offended  at 
him,  both  for  his  difappoinimg  the  enter- 
prize,  and  for  the  barbarous  art  of  murder- 
ing his  convert  Bumoy  ;    concerning  which, 
fee  yafconcAlos  in  the  life  of  that  king. 

The  road  we  have  fpoken  of,  from  Rtt- 
fifco  to  the  river  Senega,  was  made  for  the 
conveniency  of  trading  fmm  Goerce  to  tho 
idand  of  67.  Lewis,  which  by  lea,  is  very  te- 
ilious  and  uncertain,  the  French  having  found 
by  frequent  experience,  that  their  fliips  or 
(loops  often  made  it  a  voyage  of  a  whole 
month,  tho'  the  dillance  be  but  forty  leagues 
by  fea,  along  the  roaft,  tlic  winds  and  cur- 
rents iiuicli  obftrudting  it  during  the  moft 
part  of  the  year. 

There  is  alio  a  road  made  from  Rufifcoto 
Liimbaye,  the  capital  of  the  kingdom  of 
Baool,  being  twenty  leagues  diltant  from 
Camilla  to  the  eaflward  •,  and  thence  to  San- 
giiny,  three  leagues  farther  N  W.  from  Lam- 
baye,  where  the  king  of  that  country  refides. 
Jamefil  is  five  leagues  eaft  of  Lambaye,  and 
Borfaio  town  twenty  eight  or  thirty  leagues 
farther  (till,  on  a  branch  of  the  river  Bor- 
falo. 


k 


CHAP.     II. 

A  more  particular  account  of  the  countries  known  by  the  names  of  Foules  and 
Jalofes,  and  the  petty  kingdoms  lying  towards  the  fea-coajl ;  their  nature^ 
poduii,  rivers,  beafis,  birds,  fipjes,  trees,  fruits,  fowers,  and  infelts ;  as 
iilfo  the  climate,  weather.,  and  Tornado's  orTravado's. 


V)\'ff!'itm  ^  I  "^ H I S  country  in  fome  parts  is  hilly 

i;wiciim-    \_    and  mountainous,  in  others  flat  and 

'7-  level,  with  large  plains  and  commons,  inter- 

mix'd  with  falt-pits,  large  lakes,  forefls  and 

rivers,    and  abundance  of  meadow-grounds 

almoll  every  where. 


The  lakes  and  fea  aftbrd  pireat  plenty  offUntjif 
feveral  forts  of  lifh,  efpecially  about  Cabifijh. 
l/erde  and  Rufifco. 

The  forefls  harbour  prodigious  numbers  «»»/?< 
of  elephants,  efpecially  wood  -  «lephan«» 

which 


•Ji 


^h 


I  ii 


,;  ill' 


'J 


;  il 


if 


28 


j4  Defer ipt ion  of  the  Coajls 


Book  I. 


Barbot.  which  here,  as  well  as  near  Cunlw.i,  fccil 
^'^V^''  together  in  herds    as  the  wilii  Iwinc  do  in 
feme  Eurofean  countries.     There  are  alio 
lions  leopards,  tygers,  rhinoccrots,  (Mmels, 
wild  afles,  wolfs,  wild  goats,  ilags,  ouncts, 
panthers,  antelopes,  fallow  deer,  wild  rats, 
wild  mules,  bears,  rabbits,  and  hares ;  but 
of  thelc  two  laft,  the  molt  about  Taray  and 
Bangui/a,  two  villages  on  the  borders  be- 
tween Kayor  antl  Borfalo.     For  cattle,  there 
is  an    incredible  multitude,    much   lels  in 
fize  than  what  England  generally  aflords, 
which  tun  about  wild  ;  but  about  the  Senega, 
this  lort  of  cattle  is  larger  than  in  the  otlier 
parts.    Wild  boars  are  alfo  very  numerous, 
their  flcfli  much  wliiter,  and  rot  lb  well 
tailed  as  ours  in  Europe.     The  ounces  are 
reckoned  much  fiercer,  and  more  ravenous 
than  the  tygers,  but  at  the  fame  time  more 
beautiful. 

Here  are  alfo  very  many  apes,  monkeys, 
and  baboons,  but  not  Ibhandlbme  orgame- 
I'ome  as  thole  of  the  coalt  of  Guinea.  'Iherc 
are  alfo  large  porcupines,  in  Barbary  call'd 
Zaita,  and  two  forts  or  fpecies  of  very  fmall 
tame  goats,  which  the  natives  value  very 
much  tor  their  flefli,  and  are  to  them  inftead 
cf  ftieep.  One  fort  of  thefe  anin;;ils  ha:  z 
beautiful  fliining black  fkin,  highly  cftecm'd 
among  the  Blacks ;  the  other  fort  has  long 
hair  about  the  neck.  The  flelh  of  the  fe- 
males is  juft  tolerable,  but  that  of  the  males 
is  dry,  naught,  and  fcarcc  eatable,  by  rea- 
fon  of  the  ilrong  fuffocating  fccnt,  or  ra- 
ther ftcnch  always  attending  it. 

I  muft  again  liiy  fomewhat  more  par- 
ticular as  to  rhe  oxen  and  cows  already 
mention'd.  The  number  of  them  muft  be 
almoft  infinite,  if  weconfider  the  very  many 
cargoes  of  dry  hides  in  the  hair,  fhipp'd  oif 
every  year  at  Senega,  Goeree,  Porto  d'Ali, 
and  other  parts,  and  the  fmall  price  they 
are  purchas'd  at;  a  good  ox  or  bullock 
yielding  under  two  pieces  of  eight  in  Eu- 
ropean goods,  and  a  large  cow  much  lefs. 

The  king  of  Baool  conftantly  keeps  above 
5000  of  this  fort  of  cattel ;  and  every  one  of 
the  better  fort  among  the  natives  has  a  large 
herd,  or  drove,  fuitable  to  his  rank  and  abi- 
lity. This  prodigious  quantity  of  ..attel  runs 
in  and  about  the  woods,  feeding  in  herds  of 
q  or  400  together,  led  by  one  fingle  Black, 
who  looks  after,  and  drives  them  all  back 
every  evening  into  places  paliiTaded,  like  a 
park  fence.  The  cows  are  moft  mifchievous, 
and  will  run  at  any  perfon  that  comes  near 
•vith  any  thing  Jiat  is  red,  cither  in  clothes, 
or  the  hands :  their  milk  is  very  good  and 
fweet. 

The  ftags  and  hinds  have  little  fliort 
horns,  bending  towards  the  neck,  like  a 
and  hmi.  ram's ;  the  flefh  of  the  firft  of  them  is  extra- 
ordinary fweet  and  good  ;  that  of  the  hares 
aod  rabbiu  is  much  the  Tame  as  in  En^lai-J. 


U.rJs  cf 
riiiel. 


R»(/  Jtn, 
ruhbiii , 


There  is  alfo  great  plenty  of  fallow  deer, 
anil  abund.mce  ot  dogs,  cais,  and  civet  cats ; 
befides  leveral  lorts  of  oilitr  aminals  un- 
known to  us.  One  fort  whereof,  ii  rcmark- 
bie,  for  that  it  has  the  body  of  a  dog,  and  ^ /irAr- 
the  hoofs  of  a  ileer,  but  larger,  the  fnout""""" 
much  like  that  ol  a  mole,  and  Itcds  on 
ants,  or  pifmiies ;  and,  it  we  may  believe 
the  Blacks,  digs  as  fall  with  that  Inout  un- 
der ground,  as  a  man  can  conveniently 
walk.  I  had  one  ot  them  given  me  lita.l, 
which  1  have  ilrawn  exactly  as  here  reprt- 
fentcd  in  the  cut. 

This  country  is  alfo  infefted  with  feveral  ifr/^..*' 
forts  of  venomous  lerpcnts,  the  worft  of 
which  is  of  a  liglit-grcy  colour,  which 
however  docs  not  otier  to  ofi'end  man,  un- 
lefs  provok'd.  T'>pfe  often  lurk  at  night 
in  the  cottages  of  the  Blacks,  to  watch  tor 
rats  and  mice,  which  they  are  very  fond  of. 
For  thefe  reafons,  the  natives  have  a  great 
veneration  for  them,  as  believing  that  the 
fouls  of  their  kindred  departed  are  tranf- 
migrated  into  them  •,  and  therefore  they 
conclude,  that  whofoever  offers  to  deftroy 
them,  deferves  death.  As  foon  as  one  of 
this  lort  of  fnakes  has  bit  a  Black,  he  pre-  snptrj!;. 
fently  repairs  to  the  MaraboKt,  or  prieft  of  '""'• 
the  place,  to  be  cured,  by  his  charms,  and 
fuperftitions.  If  the  Marabout  happens  to 
be  from  home,  the  perfon  is  neverthelefs 
cured,  by  touching  a  piec:  of  wood,  that 
is  always  ftanding  upright  by  the  prieft's 
houfe,  for  that  purpol'e. 

The  Blacks  farther  pretend  to  fay,  they  r'ymg 
have  here  fecn  a  fort  of  wing'd,  or  flying ^"firj. 
lt;rpent,  which  ufes  to  feed  on  cow's  milk, 
fucking  it  at  the  dug,  without  hurting  the 
beail.  This  lort  of  ferpent  they  affirm, 
will  ftifle  a  man  in  a  few  minutes.  Another 
fort  they  fay  is  fo  monftrous  big,  as  to 
fwallow  a  buck,  or  a  ftag  whole. 

There  is  a  prodigious  number  of  extraor-  Vtanls. 
dinary  large  lizards,  which  are  good  to  eat  1 
and  no  fewer  of  the  little  fort,  which  make 
their  nefls  in  the  hutts  and  cottages,  and 
are  very  troublefome  to  the  Bl.ncks,  by  run- 
ning continually  to  and  fro  over  their  faces 
and  bodies,  as  they  licafleep,  in  the  night, 
and  fouling  on  them. 

Here  is  alio  abundance  of  feveral  forts  oiBhj, 
birds  ari  fowl.  One  of  the  fineft  fort  are 
the  parrots,  but  more  efpecially  the  par-^"''''*-'- 
rokeets,  being  no  bigger  than  an  European 
lark,  fomc  all  over  green,  others  v.ith  a 
grey  head,  the  belly  yellow,  the  wings  green, 
the  back,  part  yellow  and  part  green,  and 
a  very  long  tail  ;  but  thefe  feldom  or  never 
talk,  though  ever  fo  well  taught,  having 
only  a  pretty  fweet  cry  or  tone.  An- 
other fort  are  of  an  alh-colour  about  the 
neck,  and  yellow  or  green  about  the 
body ;  and  thefe  do  much  mifchicf  in  the 
corn  (icid?, 

Ths 


/;»/, 


OK  I. 


/:;/./; /y.7^,'  n . 


d  A  //far" 
It  (rf<4'ii"- 

in 
/e 

n- 

ly     . 
.1, 

■e- 

r.il  stn"'-' 
of 
ich 
Lin- 
.ht 
tor 
of. 
re.\t 
the 
:mf- 
ihey 
troy 
le  of 

pre-  siip"J!i- 
It  ot"""- 

and 
ns  to 
helcfs 

that 
rieft's 

,  they  Tying 
flying  A"P'""' 
milN> 
the 
ftirm, 
nothcr 
as  to 

[traor-  tunrds- 
eat  V 
make 
and 
ly  run- 
facts 

niglit. 

ortsofB"''' 

brt  are 

le  par-r'"-'-.r>. 

tropeitn 
vith  a 
■irecn, 

and 
r  never 
having 

An- 

j)Ut  the 

tut  the. 

in  the 

The 


<ra  c'.j^iJ  I'fvJi)  C'amct 


^ 


1:1 


l.K^r.tculi- 


■iX\ 


I  I 


mUCnfi. 


Ji»l. 


Chap. 


o/Nigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


^9 


Citki  »'iJ 
tHIU. 


TiHI*J»l. 


The  poultry,  both  cocks  and  ktns,  are  cx- 
tr.iorilinary  fmall,  and  perch  on  the  trees, 
like  other  birds  ;  their  flcfh  very  fweet. 
The  Pivtada  hens,  which  are  alio  very 
linall,  have  a  delicious  tatte,  efpecially  the 
young  ones.  Their  leathers  are  of  a  dark 
a!h  colour,  all  over  full  of  fmall  white 
fpctks,  fo  regular  and  uniform,  that  they 
exceed  many  fmall  birds  in  beauty.  The 
cocks  have  a  line  rifing,  or  tuft  on  the 
crown,  like  a  comb,  of  the  colour  of  a  dry 
waliuir-fhcll,  and  very  hard.  They  have 
a  liniU  red  gill,  on  each  fide  of  the  head, 
like  cars,  llrutting  out  downwards  ;  bi  t  the 
hens  have  none.  They  are  fo  ftrong,  that 
it  is  very  hard  to  hold  them,  and  very 
bold  withal.  Thev  feldom  have  long  tails, 
except  thofe  that  ny  much,  when  the  tail 
is  of  ufe  to  them,  (Irving  as  a  rudder  to 
help  them  in  turning.  Their  beaks  are  thick 
and  llrong,  their  claws  long  and  Iharp  : 
They  teed  on  worms,  and  rake  up  the  earth 
to  come  at  them,  or  elfe  on  gralhoppers, 
wiiich  are  very  numerous.  Their  flcfh  is 
tender  and  fweet,  in  mofl  of  them  white, 
yet  fonie  have  it  black,  and  are  tikcn  by 
dogs  running  them  down,  being  kept  fome- 
times  2  or  300  in  a  flock.  They  alfo 
thrive  well  aboard  ot  (hip?,  and  live  long  j 
and  if  tak^n  young,  become  as  tame  as  our 
hens.  As  to  (hapc,  they  much  refemble 
a  partridge,  but  are  much  la;gcr. 

Thefc  Pititadai  perch  on  trees,  as  do  alfo 
their  parti.  'q;es,  whi.h  are  generally  of  a 
larger  fize  tti-  ours  in  England,  and  differ 
from  them  in  the  colour  of  their  feathers, 
feme  being  white,  and  others  black. 
Wiliciifi.  Here  is  alfo  a  fort  of  wild  geefe,  fome- 
whai  differing  in  feathers  from  the  Euro- 
pean, and  arm'd  at  each  wing  with  a  hard, 
fliarp,  horny  fubftance,  about  two  inches 
and  a  half  long. 

Teal  are  pretty  common  and  very  deli- 
cious, efpecially  the  grey  ones  ot  the  river 
Scncia. 

Nor  is  there  lefs  plenty  of  turtle-doves, 
which  are  choice  meat,  as  arc  the  wild  pi- 
geons, or  ring-doves,  which  the  woods 
fwarm  with  •,  .is  they  do  with  nightin- 
gals,  much  like  ours  in  Europe,  but  do  not 
fing  lo  fwcctly.  In  fome  place  there  are 
larks, 
ijjf/w,  Eagles  are  very  numerous ;  as  are  the 

*«ii>*j,8tc.ftorks-,  ihort-wing'd  hawks  1  herons,  white 
and  bl.ick  •,  vultures,  whofe  skins  are  much 
valu'd  by  the  Blacks  •,  alfo  falcons,  wood- 
cocks, wild  ducks,  and  almoft  all  forts  of 
birds  known  to  us  in  Europe,  whether  wild 
or  tame,  befides  others  quite  unknown  to 
us  j  tome  of  which  are  extraordinary  beau- 
tiful to  the  eye,  having  curious  red  heads, 
necks  and  tails,  and  their  tails  mix'd  with 
lively  blue,  ycilow,  and  black.  Others  are 
Vol.  V. 


T(«/. 


7)«v»,Scc. 


as  green  as  an  emerald  all  over,  or  ofaBARiioT. 
fine  yellow  or  blue,  fonic  of  which  1  brought  V/VVi 
over  into  Europe. 

The  Blacki  fay  they  have,  in  fome  parts,  ojlrttku. 
oftriches  of  a  prodigious  magnitude,   and 
fome  fmaller,  which  they  reckon  rare  meat, 
every   part  of  their  lleOi  having  a  ditfcr»-nt 
tade  from  the  other.  Their  feaihers  are  ^  ,e- 
nerally  of  a  dark-grey.    This  creature  i*  fo 
gcnerall  y  known,  that  I  think  it  I'uperfluou  i  to 
fay  much  more  of  it ;  but  only  to  undeceive 
the  credulous,  as  touching  an  crroneousjopi- 
nion  which  has  long  prevail'd  among  Euro- 
pean.', and  is,  that  the  oil  riches  feed  on  and 
digclt  iron  ;  the  contrary  being  very  well 
known,  and  may  be  futnciently  clcar'd  by 
this  inftance.     The  emb.idadors  ot'Maroaoy 
Fez  and  Sale  to  theStates-general  of  the  uni- 
ted provinces,  in  the  year  i659,amongother 
rarities  of  thofe  countries,  brought  over  to 
Holland,  .is  a  prefcnt,  an  oftrich,  which  died 
axAmJlerdam  by  greedily  fwallowing  of  iron- 
nails,  which  Children  threw  to  it,  b.licvinj; 
that  creature   had  digefted  it  like  bread  j 
for  the  ortrich  being  opcn'd  when  dead, 
above  eighty  nails  were  found  entire  in  its 
ftomach.     Others  have  obferv'd,   that  the 
oftriches  lio  void  the  iron,  or  biafs  they  have 
fo  greedily  fwallow'd,  without  the  leall  di- 
minution, and  even  that  is  fcarce  done  with- 
out imminent  danger  of  the  creature's  life, 
or  at  lead  making  it  very  fick.     Thus  it 
appears,  that  this  animal's  devouring  of  iron 
or  copper,  docs  not  proceed  from  a  natural 
appetite    for  thofe    metals,  nor  from  the 
ftrength  of  its  ftomach  to  digeft  them  ;  but 
from   a  voracious   temper  and  rtupidity, 
which  makes  it  fwallow  things  fo  prejudi- 
cial ro  its  body. 

Now  and  then  there  appear  in  thefe  parts  Oii»rf- 
fome  dwarf-herons,    which  the /•'r^nfA  call*'"" 
Aygrets,  being   much  like  the  other  herons 
in  Inape,  excepting  the  bill  and  legs,  which 
are  quite  black,  and  all  the  feathers  of  a 
curious  white. 

I  had  one  of  thefe  given  me  by  a  Black., 
who  Ihot  it  in  the  woods  v  and  from  the 
wings  and  back  of  it  I  caus'd  to  be  pick'd 
a  fort  of  very  long,  fmall,  round  and  hairy 
feathers,  12  or  15  inches  long,  which  the 
French  call  Aygrets,  as  well  as  the  bird,  and 
are  highly  valu'd  among  the  Turks,  and 
other  jaftern  nations.  Thefe  I  have  by  me 
to  this  day,  as  a  very  great  n.rity. 

There  is  another  bird,  which  has  a  crook-  Alcaviafc 
ed  beak,  with  a  black  ikin  on  the  neck  and  *''"''  ^'^• 
head,  but  no  feathers  there,  tho*  it  has  on 
the  body.  Near  the  town  of  "tandos  and 
the  lake  Eutan,  they  have  a  foit  of  iron- 
grey  fowl,  of  the  bignels  of  a  twan,  whofe 
beak  is  round,  and  hooked,  like  that  of  a 
parrot,  with  white  feathers  under  it.  The 
bird  call'd  yf/frtx'ia*,  is  of  the  fizeofafea- 
I  cock. 


I  i 


I  ' 


I  It 


f  ► 


! 

Hi 


30 


A  Defer  iptiott  of  the  Con  (Is 


Book  I. 


»m. 


Anil, 


Tijh 


Sill. 


JUiroT.  coik,  l).ivii)[j  .1  tuft    of  curiotis  litii"  linall 
^■O**^^  liMtliiTs  on  the  Ih'.uI,  imiiii  like  a  coronet, 
Ipottcil  with  wliitf  on  1.-.U  li  I'kI<'  iii  tlic  licul, 
iiiul  its  (tMthirs  ,ill  over  like  velvet, 

li  is  almod  iinpoH'ihlc  to  be  i  x  u't  in  tlc- 
(irihiiig  ail  tile  (cvcr.il  I'orts  of  inli-cts  in  this 
loimtry,  .uul  tlurtforc  111. ill  pals  over  tin  in 
the  inor-  llii^htiy.  The  bcis  rw.irin  in  the 
woods,  i'l|)i(i,illy  cowarils  the  river  (i,imbia, 
where  the  Rhuki  make  conlklcrable  ailvan- 
t.ige  of  theii-  wax. 

riu-  woods  are  alfo  full  of  very  large  ants 
/ii*//,  4cc  I  or  piriiiitcs,  and  hinilry  Ions  olgn.its  anil 
flies,  which  are  troiil)Kl()iiK-  to  travellers  •, 
as  is  a  fort  ot  inlcrt,  like  a  little  crab,  ha- 
ving I  lliiig  in  the  t.iil,  like  the  Icorpion, 
which  obliges  the  Blacki  to  travel,  tor  the 
moll  ji.irt,  by  night,  through  the  /orells 
with  lights  ni.ule  ol  a  bituminous  Heret- 
burning  lort  ot  wood  ihcy  have  among 
them. 

As  for  fifh,  there  is  as  great  plenty,  as 
much  variety,  and  feveral  Ibrts  as  lari.',e, 
as  can  be  imagin'il,  all  along  tli.it  coalt  i 
and  particularly  in  the  bay,  by  the  I-'iniih 
caliM,/i(  Baye  iL-  Fiiincc,ov  l-'remb  Bay.  I 
often  lent  out  the  pinn,acc  there,  with  lix 
lianiis,  who  in  leli>  than  two  hours,  with 
our  feane,  c.uight  fo  great  a  quantity  ot  .dl 
forts  ot  lifli,  large,  and  very  good,  as  woukl 
give  200  men  .1  meal.  Several  I'orts  were 
the  liime  we  have  in  Eii^^Lind  and  fiance, 
and  others  (juite  unknown  to  us. 

Generally  the  tirti  is  very  large.  I  have 
feen  fcales  15  inches  about,  very  fnif  and 
curiiHis  in   their  form. 

i'llchards.  tiiough  fmall.  are  very  good, 
appearing  in  mighty  n^oais  atcert.iin  times, 
on  the  furface  ot  the  water,  about  yv'i<//7(e, 
where  the  BLuki  pretend  to  dry  them,  on 
the  Tandy  downs,  before  their  town,  next 
the  ocean,  as  I  (hall  again  obferve. 

The  Iblcs  here  arc  longer,  and  not  lb 
round  as  tliole  in  l-ra>H:\  Mullet.^  are  mui h 
of  the  fame  Ih.ip-  as  with  ii*^  ;  as  are  the 
turbots,  pikes,  iliornbacks,  and  monks  of 
three  or  tour  forts,  one  ol  which  is  .dl  over 
full  of  rouiul  blue  Ipots.  The  bie.im,  cre- 
vices, and  lolillers,  difi'cr  much  ironi  ours 
in  Europe.  There  are  no  oyllers  at  all, 
but  abundance  u(  juml.'es,  as  large  as  the 
palm  of  a  man's  hand. 

The  lorts  of  tilh  unknown  in  Euiofe, 
urc  the /argues,  the  ^i;ol J  fifli,  tht  tunny,  tiie 
racoai  in  Ihapi  like  a  lalmon,  the  «f'^<'/ , 
and  the  fiirih;  which  the  Blaih  eat  above 
any  other  filli. 

There  arc  alio  mukitudcs  of  vaft  great 
Iliarks,  porpoilcs,  or  fea-hogs,  foufBeurs,  by 
the  Diitiij  call'il  norcl-ka/rri,  .iiid  by  tlie 
EiigliJ/j  grampiiffei,  being  a  fort  of  whales, 
fuccetsandy//-H„/c;«;,  or  fword-fidies,  having 
a  long  lliarp-pointed  bone  (ticking  llrait  out 


TiUh»rdi. 


Strangi 


from  their  upper  |aw  ■,  with  whii  h  it  is  fiij 
thcv  I  an  lliike  tliiough  the  planks  of  a  lliip, 
anil  ni.ike  it  k'.iky.  'I'he  1// ,/.//;,  us  the 
Ereihb  call  it,  is  alio  louiiil  in  tliefe  leas, 
having  a  bone  tour  toot  long  proicidini^ 
fiomits  upiKT  j.iw,  wiihoihir  Imalhi  boms 
criiliing  it  at  ei|ual  dillanee,  with  win.  h  it 
catches  other  fillies. 

The   pools,    brooks,    hikes,    and    other  F"/?- 
watery  places  in  this  cnuntry  aie  alfo  will  """"'/A 
ftor'd  with   carps,   crevices,  and    the  filh 
they  there  call  llfykc-Lhiu,  muili  like  a  lal- 
mon. 

The  crocodiles,  or   alligators,   are  alfo  <i%«i/«ri. 
Jiritty  common,   lome  of  them   acioiinted 
venomous,  ,ind  others  not  i  betides  .mother 
fort,  much  like  a  ferpcnt,  and  tceding  on 
pifmircs. 

The  natural  lazinefs  of  the  natives  in  ge- 
ner.il,  may  perhaps  be  one  reafon  ot  tlie 
great  plenty  of  till)  hereaboiiis,  and  its 
growing  lo  I  irge  i  becaule  the  Buuk^  do 
not  iile  to  go  ,1  lilking,  link  Is  they  can  lind 
no  game  a  hunting,  or  fhooting. 

'lie  Soil 
TS  .1  reddidi  burnt  mould,  mix'd  with  land, 
■*■  yet  very  fertile  in  the  low  l.inds  of  iV//ii;,» 
and  (iiimita,  by  realbn  thole  riveis overflow 
at  certain  liafbns  of  the  year  \  and  propor- 
tionably  in  all  other  places,  becaule  ot  the 
niDilture  and  coolncfs  ot  the  night,  during 
the  lummer  fealon  ;  lo  that  moli  European 
feeds  thrive  quickly,  but  none  of  our  fruit- 
trees.  However,  riie  Blacks  make  little  ad- 
vantage of  this  natural  goodnels  of  their  foil, 
being,  as  I  h.tve  often  oblirrv'd,  a  very  llotli- 
ful  people.  Maii  or  Jmliaii  wheat,  and  mil-  ^t^i^  g„j 
let,  tile  two  lorrs  of  grain  they  make  mull  Milln. 
uii' of,  woidd  yield  ,1  mighty  inireafe,  .md 
prevent  thedelliuiilive  laininc  they  are  olten 
ex(X3ledto,  as  fViall  be  taken  notice  ol  elie- 
where  }  our  Europeiiu  corn  will  not  aiifwcr 
well,  the  heat  being  too  violent,  and  the 
ground  too  inoilt. 

Rice   would  grow  with  eaie   in   the  \t)w  nue 
lands,  it"  the  people  were  more  inilullriuiis  i 
but  they  have  little  or  none,   unlcis  it  is  at 
Cabo  I'irde,  alledging  they  do  not  love  that 
lort  of  grain. 

Ipiame!  and  potatoes  are  common  enough,  «««•. 
btlklcs  leveral  other  lortb  ol  routs,  which 
the  natives  value  very  much,  tho'  i()mc  of 
them  are  very  inli[)id.  They  ufually  dry  and 
keep  them  till  they  have  occalion.  'I'heiv 
is  alio  a  particul.ir  lort,  call'd  Gemot,  which 
rafleslikea  lia/.ie  nut. 

I'he  little  white  peafe  of  Ka\or,  andthc/Vw'f  .1 
white  and  red  beans,  are  tolerable  enough'^'"" 
to  tar. 

The  Maiiiittette  or  G'wiA'trf  pepper  rr.ight ''"""''j 
be  well  improved  here  i  but  tlie  natives  do'''''''' 
not  regard  it,    fo  that  there  are  only  fonic 

bulhes 


Uni, 


Pipiye 

I'iffhn. 
Hirij, 


til 
id 

di 
tl 


3  I 


Chai'.  2.         o/Nigriria,  or  North-Guinea. 


31 


pipjyei. 


fjmfUm. 


Htrii. 


Trill. 


biilb-"i  of  it  to  Ir  fccn  lierc  ami  tlicrt-  about 

W.ittT-niflons  alxiimil  every  whtrr,  hut 
notliiiii:?  To  fwKrt  .inil  plcilant  hh  in  P.rtitgil, 
tlifir  JUKI-  bcin(.',vcry  infipiil.  At  O'flcrw tlicy 
ciiliiv'.itc  a  linall  lort  ot  incloin  not  tmufi 
bii'4'i'r  tluin  an  ordinary  cg^,  which  when 
quitr  rijH-  turns  prrfeiiHy  rcil. 

The  Avrtvcj,  whiili  tafte  like  coli  flowers, 
grow  on  a  dnall  tree,  with  large  leaves, 
about  the  bij^neCs  ot' a  I'lnall  melon,  but  not 
niiny  ot  them  on  one  tree.  Thelc  are  a 
(j;()Oil  relrclhmint  tol'.iilors,  as  are  the  |H;ni- 
jiions  of  the  louniry,  but  thcll;  very  Imall 
anil  ( rabbeJ. 

The  pine  apple  or  //>M//.Mspkntilul  about 
Snifgi,  but  I'carec  at  Ciil'o  f'<->;lc.  1  lere  is 
abumlmce  ot  D.iiulrlniii  ^rowinj:,  wilil  to 
w.irJs  tile  fea-toilt,  but  extremely  bitter-, 
as  alio  every  where  jjreat  plenty  ot  I  irf^e 
fielil-purllaiii,  anil  wilil  Iharp  lorrel,  eali'd 
(Itiiiie.i  (brrcl,  aecountcil  very  whoklbme, 
being  iirelerveil  in  a  piikle  ot  I'alt  anil  vine- 
gar. It  l',row^  like  a  liiiall  Inilli,  with  a  liitle 
prickly  11. ilk,   the  |i  ivcs  lliori anil  broad. 

I  finte  toumi  at  (iocrrf,  a  (brt  ot  plant, 
wilil  h  has  the  leent  both  ot  thyme  and  mar- 
joram. 

I  (hi II  have  occafion  in  th'-  courfe  of  this 
delcription  to  fpiak  of  the  |  .\lm-wine,  by  the 
B'li'i:!  cA\\\  Mi;^  11,  wh/rtof  there  is  great 
plenty,  as  alloc  ilic  palm-oil,  much  ufed 
by  the  natives  to  leveral  purpol'es ,  and  will 
therefore  torbe.ir  in  this  place  giving  any  far- 
ther account  of  the  fcveral  fortsot  palm-trees 
of  which  they  are  made.  O.  ly  it  may  be 
here  obfi  rved,  that  there  are  abundance  ot 
palm-trees  in  tiiis  country,  elpecially  about 
Riijifcft,  which  arc  a  great  ornament,  ml 
do  much  let  oft"  their  landskips  v  but  there 
are  no  coco-trees  at  all. 

Trees  anl  I-'ruits. 
A  S  for  wild  trees ,  I  took  notice  ot  none  like 
■^  what  we  have  in  Eurofe,  or  that  the  na- 
tives made  any  other  advantage  of  them  but 
for  fuel.  I  have  lien  lome  there  of  an  im- 
nunfe  magniiude,  the  trunks  being  lb  big 
about,  that  leveral  men  together  could  not 
fathom  diem.  If  I  may  believe  fome  of  the 
FiiKih  taClory,  they  have  feen  tuch  as  twenty 
men  coulJ  not  fathom.  Molt  certain  it  is, 
tliat  I  law  myleif  the  trunk  of  a  tree,  lying 
on  the  ground  at  the  cajx-,  near  Coerce, 
which  was  fixty  foot  about,  and  in  it  a  hol- 
low or  Cuvity,  big  enough  to  contain  twenty 
men  llanding  dole  together  ;  and  I  farther 
obferved,  that  there  were  fcveral  forts  of  odd 
figures  of  men  and  bealls,  which  appear'd 
fucn  at  a  diltance,  form'd  by  nature  iti'elf  on 
the  bark. 

'J'hefe  large  trees  have  a  foft  tender  bark ; 
the  leaves  arc  much  like  iliole  of  the  walnur- 
t  ree,  four  or  five  growing  clofe  together  in 


a  clufter.  They  run  up  in  a  few  years  to  an  HAuitoT. 
ama/.ing  bulk  ami  lotlincli.  In  Idw  (at  ^"O/"^ 
grounds. 

There  is  another  Ibrt  o(  tree  in  the  ton  (Is,  /*»  ^^,. 
on  which  a  kind  ot  fmall  birds, no  bigge  ■  ih an  "" 
fparrows,  make  t  i(l  their  lian'.',ing  nells  to 
the  ends  of  the  boughs  ;  I'd  that  on  one  of 
thefe  trees  tliire  are  otien  above  .in  hundred 
ot  the  laid  liaiifjiig  lulls,  very  lurioully  and 
ariilicially  twilled  and  wroir'Jit  by  thole  hide 
creatures  to  preliTve  tin  ir  young  ones  liom 
the  (irpents,  as  the  HIaiki  |iieiend  i  but  I 
rather  Ixrlieve  from  the  ajx-'s  and  monkeys, 
which  are  in  great  nuiliitudes  on  ilie  trees, 
K'.ipiiig  and  skipping,  trciin  one  brani  h  to  an- 
other, and  feeiling  on  a  eertan  (ruit  very 
common  in  the  woods,  rclembling  a  guuru, 
but  fomewhat  lunger.  'I'he  HI  nii  therelorc 
call  this  the  ape  tree  j  ol'  which  1  Ihaii  l.iy 
more  in  my  remarks  upon  the  river  i'l^/ri*. 

Among  the  eatable  fruits  hereabouts,  I  ti^Kor. 
took  notice  ot  one,  in  Ihapc  like  a  fmall 
plumb,  which  the  natives  make  much  uleot, 
extracting  from  it  a  Iharpilh  liquor  ;  ferving 
them  inllead  ot  palm-wine,  where  this  is 
fcarce  to  be  had. 

The  country  has  but  few  orange- trees  lOrdnjfd 
Dut  there  is  more  plenty  of  fmall  crab  lem-  •'"'"""• 
mons,  elpecially  in  the  lamlb  ot  the  Imiki,  "'""' 
about  Ciimeliiigtw. 

Iv  the  agent's  garden  at   Civire,  I  faw  Paimi 
lome  plants  ot  the  [Kilmii'Cbnili,  of  which '.htifti. 
a  medicinal  oil  h  m.idc.     He  told  me,  it  war. 
of  that  fort  ot  A.'.',(:,(i')/;  or  gourd  tree,  which 
cover'd  'Jona>\  hut  when  he  lat  down  before 
tiie  great  city  ol  yinefeh. 

The  Pcrliigiie'r  in  this  country  make  much  K./j/rw/V. 
ufe  ot  the  fruit  Kola,  ivfembliiig  a  large  chef- 
nut,    in  the  rainy  .ind  winter  le.Ubiis  ;    ot 
which  more  hereafter. 

Mere  is  great  plenty  of  a  fmall  fruit  like 
dates,  whereot  they  make  a  Ibrt  of  wine, 
tall'd  Shonknn,  which  is  not  lo  pleafant  as 
the  true  palm-wiiie.  Of  the  lame  is  m.idea 
fort  of  oil,  fervinj;  tor  leveral  ules;  asisallb 
done  ot  the  wini'-palm-irees,  producing  a 
fmall  lortofni;is,  which  alford  the  Pumc 
oil,  having  ..  fcent  almoll  like  violets,  and 
tailing  like  olives,  of  a  yellow  laflVon  colour. 
This  ibrt  of  palm-tree  they  call  Sr/u),  and  put 
.1  gre.it  v.ilue  upon  the  wine  made  of  it.  1 
never  law  any  right  coco  trees  in  thet'e  parts, 
and  believe  none  grow  here,  as  .u  the  illamis 
in  the  bight  of  G'//;//vr. 

The  Kak,tt9ii  is  reckoned  very  cooling,  has  Kakatoo 
a  thill  skin  or  peel  ot  a  dark  green,  but  isA"''- 
crabbed  and  fourini  ■,    as  is  another  fort  of 
fruit  here  call'd  A'««;/7.'.s  in  Ihape  like  anf^ij^ji^j 
acron,    full  of  juice,  the  peel  yellow  and 
fmooth.     The  Bl.uks  ufe  it  in  fevers,  mix- 
ing the  juice  with  water,  which  is  very  re- 
Ire  Ihing. 

The  Nom^^.itas  are  about  the  bignefs  of  ;>;£„„. 
a   chclhiit,    green  without,    very  lufcious,  pitu. 

growing 


:,H 


i 


i'i 


•i\m 


I  If  5 


.i  I 


I 
ii 


V     4 


HI 


I 


3i 


y4  Defcription  of  the  Coafis  Book  I. 


Danalc. 


Timba 

kuinb;!. 


Diabolos. 


Cttlen. 


Banana. 


Irji^o 


Cmfmnd 


Ba  t  ii.vr.  growing  on  a  fort  of  tali  tree,  and  heats  the 
t/VN^  i)l„od. 

The  Banale  is  a  red  fruit,  fhaped  like  a 
peach,  as  fweet  as  honey.  There  is  alfo  a 
fort  of  white  mulberry-trees  and  tamarinds. 
The  Tambakumba  is  about  as  big  as  a  pi- 
geon's egg,  of  a  very  diftgreeable  tafte,  and 
extraordinary  hot. 

The  fruit  Diibolos  is  a  fort  of  hazle-nut, 
which  taltes  like  almonds.  Another  fpecies 
of  trees  bear  a  fruit  like  fmall  pears. 

■  'tton-trecs  are  pretty  common.  The 
Blacki  fpin  and  weave  the  cotton, making  nar- 
row cloths  of  it,  fome  for  their  own  ufe,  and 
a  vaft  quantity  to  lell  to  the  Europeans,  who 
drive  a  confiderable  trade  of  them  ail  along 
rhccoalt  of  Gwwrt,  efjjccially  the  Englijh, 
Poiliigueji,  ami  Duich  ;  but  the  French  very 
fcldom,  as  having  no  fcttlements  any  where 
on  the  lo.ifl:  of  i'')tt/(6-G"H»W(7,butonly  Atbuia. 
The  Baiitvhi  trees  are  very  plentiful,  the 
fruit  whereof  is  by  the  Spaniards  call'd  //- 
...'m's-Jff!e;  for  what  reafon  I  know  not, 
Sut  rtiall  lay  more  of  it  hereafter. 

I'he  Tinto  is  a  bufh  about  three  toot  high, 
from  wliofe  leaves  they  extraift  a  lort  of  in- 
digo, to  dye  their  cloths  or  clouts  of  a  dark 
blue,  aslhall  be  more  particularly  obferved 
in  another  place. 

The  meadows  and  pafture-grounds  pro- 
duce great  plenty  of  grafs  to  feed  their  cattle 
and  horles,  which  are  very  numerous i  but  the 
hay  made  of  it  proves  very  tough  and  dry, 
by  reafon  of  the  violent  heat. 

The  fields  and  woods  are  adorned  with  fe- 
veral  forts  of  wild  flowers,  of  an  indifferent 
beauty,  and  quite  different  from  any  we  have 
either  in  France  or  England.  1  took  notice  of 
one  particular  fort  among  the  many  other,for 
its  beautiful  crimfon  colour,  and  its  refcm- 
bling  the  flower,  by  the  French  call'd  flc//<r 
de  nuit,  or  the  night-flower ;  but  the  Blacks 
take  no  manner  of  delight  in  flowers. 

The  phyfical  herbs  ufed  by  the  Blacks  in 
their  diteales,  arc  of  fundry  fort.-.,  but  alto- 
gether unknown  to  Europeans  and  quite 
differing  from  ours  in  fh.ipe.  T  hey  wonder 
at  us  for  eatinp;  of  herbs  and  falads,  and  fay 
we  do  like  the  cattle  and  horfes. 


Rock-Salt. 
•T"  H  E  bottom  of  the  river  Senega,  be- 
■■■  twccn  Bybun  and  the  iflund  of  iV.  Lewis, 
is  all  covered,  where  there  is  two  foot  water, 
widi  a  cruft  or  bank  of  rockfdt,  which  the 
Blacks  dig  out  in  pieces  or  lumps,  with  large 
iron-hooks.  This  fait,  as  foon  as  dry'd  in 
the  air,  turns  white,  and  is  indifferently  well 
favour'd.  The  men  who  work  at  it  fay,  that 
asfift  as  they  dig  it  out,  the  hole  fdls  up 
again  -,  as  when  a  hole  is  cut  in  ice,  the 
water  foon  freezes  and  fliuts  it  up  again.    . 

This  fait  is  conveyed  all  over  ti)c  country, 
upon  camels,    for  the  account  of  the  king 


fhwtri. 


Phyfical 


Tradi  ef 
frit. 


of  Ka-jor ;  and  a  camel's  load  of  it  is  here 
valued  at  a  Cabo  Verde  cloth  or  clout,  or 
clfe  a  basket  of  millet. 

The  great  lumps  of  rock-falt  are  broke 
into  fmall  pieces,  and  packed  up  in  leathern 
bags  of  an  equal  competent  weight,  fo  as 
two  of  them  make  a  camel's  load.  The 
Dutch  formerly  ufed  to  carry  fome  of  this 
rock-falt  into  Holland.  Tho'  the  king  here 
makes  all  the  advantage  of  the  trade  for  fait, 
he  is  at  no  charge  for  digging  of  it ;  but 
the  buyer  is  to  defray  it. 

This  country  produces  no  gold,  nor  any 
other  metal,  or  mineral,  that  I  could  hear  oL 

Of  the  Air  or  Climate. 
IT  is  in  the  main  very  unhealthy,  efpe- f;„;^,;,^ 
■''  cially  near  the  rivers  and  marlhy  grounds,  ctim»u. 
and  in  woody  places ;   but  moil  of  all  to 
white  men,  particularly  in  July,  Augufi,  and 
September,    which  is  the  rainy  feafon ;  fr. 
from  Septe:  i^^er  to  June,  the  heats  are  air  jft 
intolerable,  and  produce  many  fatal  dif  em- 
pers  in  the  Europeans,  who  refide  here  on 
the  account  of  trade.    However,  I  am  oU»tt">f- 
opinion,  that  their  intemperance  is  more'*"" 
prejudicial  to  them,  th.     the  air  itfclf -,  for""""' 
it  is  moft  certain,  that  very  many  of  them 
are  guilty  of  much  excefs  in  palm-wine  and 
women :  yet  it  is  no  lefs  true,  that  the  very 
air  of  the  country  occafions  malignant  fevers, 
which  frequently  carry  off  a  lufty  man  in 
twenty-four  hours ;  but  if  he  can  wiihftand 
the  iirff  fury  of  it,  there  is  great  likelihood 
of  his  recovering. 

The  natives  themfelves  are  not  fometimes 
exempted  from  fuch  diftempers  •,  but  are  of- 
ten known  to  Janguifli  under  them,  if  not 
immediately  ihatch'd  away  by  thofe  violent 
fevers.  They  are  very  fubjcdl:  to  confump- 
tions,  convulfions,  and  palfies,  of  which  at 
laft  they  die. 

Another  difeafe,  as  bad  as  the  fever,  tfHirmi  in 
not  worfe,  is  that  occsfion'd  by  the  worms '^'A/''- 
this  malignant  air  breeds  in  the  ilefh  of  men, 
as  well  Blacks  as  Europeans ;  fome  of  which 
worms  are  four  or  five  foot  long :  but  the 
Blacks  are  moft  afflifted  with  them,  which 
may  be  attributed  to  their  ufual  bad  diet, 
ami  debauchery  of  all  forts.  Intending  to 
lay  more  of  tliis  difeafe  of  worms,  when  I 
come  to  treat  of  thegold-coaft  of  Guinea,  I 
fliall  be  the  fhortcr  in  this  place,  and  only 
add,  that  men  arc  here  plagued  with  a  fort 
ot  hand-worms,  which  in  rhe  Caribbee  illands 
in  .'fmcrica,  are  call'd  Chiques,  and  work 
themfelves  into  the  foles  of  the  feet  and  the 
heels,  becoming  the  more  troublcfome  and 
infupportable,  in  that  they  are  not  to  be 
rooted  out,  if  tiicy  have  once  time  given 
them  to  lay  th.-ir  eggs  there.  But  of  thefe 
alfo  more  ffiall  be  laid  in  the  lupplement, 
when  I  come  to  the  defcription  of  Mar- 
timce, 

Tbt 


Ch 


Summer 


Umittt, 


< 

V 

h 

tl 
ft 

jP 
Hi 
w 

er 
th 
it 
in 

dis 

rer 

nel 

to 

fon 

eiti 

we: 

peo 

fair 

the 

tho 

arri 

ofi 

fold 

nan 

^n 

afte 
and 

Pha 


Of, 


Titfmf.      T  N 
litneflhi    ^    f 


JooK  I.  Ch  AP.  J.        i>f  Nigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


here 
,  or 

roke 
•hern 
fo  as 
The 
r  this 
;hcrc 
r  fait, 
}  but 


)r  any 
;ir  ot. 


Summit 

fiajtn. 


ounds,  tlim»tt. 

all  to 
ift, and 
inv  fr 

alrrjft 
difem- 
here  on 

am  od"'""}'- 
's  more";"; 
•At;  for 
if  them 
vine  and 
the  very 
»t  fevers, 

man  in 
/iihftand 
kelihood 

)metimes 
jt  are  of- 
ifnot 
'e  violent 

onfump- 

which  at 

fever,  ifM'o'W' '" 
le  worms ''">''^- 
1  of  men, 
of  which 

but  the 
n,  which 

lad  diet, 

|nding  to 

when  I 

utHea,  I 

and  only 
lith  a  tort 

w irtands 

ind  work 
and  the 

|fon-.c  and 

lot  to  be 

me  given 

;  of  thefe 

bplcment, 

lof  Mar- 

The 


i.r. 


t»mbn. 


7l6tf  Tornadoes 

AR  E  fometimes  fo  violent  in  the  winter, 
that  in  a  fliort  time  they  overturn,  not 
only  fingle  cottages,  but  whole  hamlets. 
Where  the  ground  is  fuch,  thefe  whirlwinds 
*srill  raife  the  fands,  and  throw  them  all  over 
the  country,  choaking  up  the  villages  and 
dwellings  with  them,  which  is  a  mighty  an- 
noyance to  the  natives. 

In  the  fummer  fcafori,  <vhlch  begins  irt 
Olfober^  and  ends  in  May,  the  weather  is 
pretty  good  and  dry,  the  air  calm,  ferene, 
and  clear,  and  the  nights  cool  and  fweet,  at 
which  time  it  feldom  rains  for  a  fortnight 
together  \  but  fcarcc  one  day  palTcs  without 
thunder. 

Elysian-Fields. 
•TTHE  profpeft  of  the  tv^intry  is  always 

■  plcafant,  being  perpetual!)  green  and 
fhaded  i  for  as  one  leaf  fall.s,  another  fhoots 
out :  and  this  perhaps  might  be  the  reafon 
why  the  aniients  placed  their  Elyfian-Fulds 
here  ;  and  the  more,  for  that  the  fea,  along 
this  coaft,  is  calm  and  fmooth,  during  the 
fummer  feafon,  and  therefore  they  cali'd  it 
Peaceable ;  befides  that  the  (hore  is  a  very 
fine  white  fand,  on  which  the  ocean  beats 
with  a  gentle  motion  and  little  noifc. 

Yet  we  cannot  but  fay  that  thofe  poets 
erred  grofsly  in  judgment^  when  they  placed 
their  Elyfian-FieUi  in  this  country :  for  tho* 
it  be  pleafant  enough  to  behold  this  country 
in  the  fummer  feafon  t  the  winter^  and  pro- 
digious rains^  falling  like  an  inundation, 
render  it  an  habitation  of  horror  and  uneafi- 
nefs  i  for  then  moft  people  are  clofe  confined 
to  their  poor  little  cottages,  in  a  very  tirc- 
fomeand  melancholy  condition.  Befides.thac 
either  by  reafon  of  the  unfcafunablenels  of  the 
weather,  or  the  natural  flothFuinefs  of  the 
people,  they  are  often  afflifled  with  grievous 
faminesj  which  fweep  away  great  numbers  of 
them.  The  famine  which  happen'd  there  in 
the  year  1 68 1 ,  which  was  a  little  before  my 
arrival  at  Goereei  deftroyed  many  thoufands 
of  inhabitants  of  the  continent,  and  many 
fold  themfelves  for  flaves,  only  to  get  a  fufte- 
nance  i  as  formerly  the  feven  years  famine  in 
E^^ft,  obliged  the  Egyptiam  and  Camanitesi 
after  parting  with  all  their  money,  cattle, 
and  lands,  to  fell  themfelves  f6r  flaves  to 

fbaraob  And  Jojepb,     And  in  the  days  of 


33 

Nehemiaby  the  Jews  were  forced  by  i  dearth  B a  rbot. 
to  fell  their  fons  and  daughteia  for  corn  to  '■OTV. 
fubfilt  theiTlfelveSi  whereof  they  complain'd 
loudly  to  that  great  man,  Ntbem.  chap.  v. 
Yet  was  I  told,  that  this  fiimine  in  1 68 1  .was 
nothing  to  compare  to  what  they  had  before 
in  1 64 1  and  1642.  However,  mycbming 
fo  opportunely  as  I  did  at  that  time  to  Goereei 
fav'd  the  lives  of  mahy,  both  fVhites  and 
Blacks  then  irt  our  forts,  ttioft  of  Whom 
look'd  like  perfeft  skeletons,  efpecially  the 
poor  flaves  in  the  great  booth  or  houfe  with- 
out :  for  the  fliips  fent  by  the  agent  to  the 
iflands  of  Cabo  Verde,  for  provifions,  did  not 
return  till  a  long  time  after  my  departure  i 
the  paflage  thither,  tho'  not  very  diftant, 
being  commonly  extraordinary  tedious,  on 
account  of  the  great  compafs  they  mufl  fetch 
to  the  foathward;  to  meet  the  trade-winds 
to  carry  them  thither.     . 

Thefe  famines  are  alfo  occafioned  fomC  t""!/'^' 
years,  by  the  dreadful  fwarms  of  graflioppers 
or  locufts,  which  come  from  the  eaftward, 
and  fpread  all  over  the  country  in  fuch  pro- 
digious multitudes,  that  they  darken  the 
very  air,  pafling  over  head  like  might/ 
clouds.  They  Lave  nothing  that  is  green 
wherefoever  tliey  come,  either  on  the  ground 
or  trees,  and  fly  fo  fwift  from  place  to  place, 
that  whole  provinces  are  devoured  in  a  very 
diort  time.  Thus  it  may  be  rightly  affirm'd, 
that  the  dreadful  fl:orms  of  hail,  wind,  and 
fuch  like  judgments  from  heaven,  are  no- 
thing to  compare  to  this,  which  when  it 
happens,  there  is  no  quell  ion  to  be  made  but 
that  multitudes  of  the  natives  muit  ftarve, 
having  no  neighbouring  countries  to  fupply 
them  with  corn,  becaufe  xhok  round  about 
arc  no  beff«-  husbdnds  than  themfelves,  and 
aic  no  lefs  liable  to  the  fame  calamities. 

At  other  times,  if  the  locufts  have  hot 
done  before,  immenfe  fwarms  of  fmall  birds, 
and  of  ants  and  pifmires,  will  do  fuch  mif- 
chief  to  their  fields,  that  no  lefs  a  dearth 
mud  enfue. 

I  know  not  whether  there  be  any  veins  of 
gold  in  this  country  -,  but  it  is  certain  that 
meul  is  fcarce  to  be  feen  in  it,  and  what 
little  there  is  at  any  time,  is  brought  from 
the  inland  country,  towards  the  t^iger.  The 
(tones  here  are  generally  of  a  dark  brown! 
colour,  or  quite  black,  and  very  h.^rd  and 
ponderous. 


Dtfcrtp- 
tiin  of  thi 

Uacki. 


CHAP.    ill. 
Of  the  Blacks,  their  conjlitiitson,  language,  apparet,  houfes  6r  cottages,  thelir 
employments  or  profejjionsi  their  wars,  weapons,  and  manner  of  fightings 
their  tillage  ana  lands, 

T'Aff  B  L  A  c  K  5 ,  black,  fiir  extccdlng  thbfe  of  ths  Gold  Coaft, 

IN  general,  are  well  proportion'd  hand-  or  oiArdra,    Their  nofts  flattifli,  their  lips 

fome  men,  of  ftature  t.ili,  ftrait,  and  big,  their  teeth  well-fet,  and  as  white  as 

lufty,  aftivc  and  nimble,  and  of  a  pcrfcft  iVory  \  their  hair  either  curled,  or  long  and 

Vol.  V.  K                        lank; 


f '"' 


■IJ 


I 


i  1  '■ 


U§ 


t)i 


if  ill 


■  n 


■'I  i;i 


m 


^  11 


34 


A  Defer iption  of  the  Coajts 


Book  I. 


Their  iif- 


1'nnr 
1-uei. 


B\!inoT.  lank  ;  their  (kin  of  a  fmooch  fliining  blailc, 
^^V"^^  except  thole  thiU  live  on  the  north  fide  ot 
the  Seiifga  river,  wlio  are  a  fort  of  tawny 
blacks. 

They  arc  genteel  and  courteoii".  in  their 
way,  of  a  vigorous  ftrong  conftitution,  but 
Icud  and  lazy  to  excefs,  which  may  perhaps 
proceed  from  the  fertility  of  their  climate, 
alfordin^  them  ail  tint  is  necefCiry  for  their 
fiipjiort  without  much  labour  :  and  lor  tiiis 
rcalbn,  they  arc  not  reckoned  fo  proper  for 
workinc;  in  t!ie  Amerkan  plantations,  as  are 
thofe  ol  tlif  G.l.lCoaft,  oiArdra  and  An^cLi ; 
biit  the  cie.inlicft  and  fitted  for  houfhoid- 
ftrvants,  being  very  handy  and  intelligent 
at  any  tiling  of  that  kind  they  are  put  to, 
and  will  wafli  themfelvcs  all  over  three 
times  a  li.iy. 

They  arc  generally  extremely  fenfual, 
knavilli,  revengeful,  impudent,  iyars,  im- 
pertinent, gluttonous,  extravagant  in  their 
exprelTions,  and  giving  ill  language  ;  luxu- 
riou<;  beyond  exprelTion,  and  fo  intemperate, 
that  they  drink  brandy  as  if  it  were  water  ; 
deceiriul  in  theii  dealings  with  the  Euro- 
per,ns,  and  no  lefs  with  their  own  neigh- 
bours, even  to  felling  of  one  another  tor 
flaves,  if  they  have  an  opportunity  ;  and, 
as  has  been  hinted  before,  fo  very  lazy, 
that  rather  than  work  for  their  living,  they 
will  rob  and  commit  murders  on  the  high- 
ways, and  m  the  woods  and  dcfarts,  and 
more  particularly  thofe  of  Tar  ay :  fo  that, 
bcfiJes  the  want  of  convenient  roads,  it  is 
very  ilangerous  travelling  in  that  country. 

Tlio'  not  adiam'd  of  this  bale  way  of  li- 
ving, which  keeps  them  wretchedly  poor 
molt  part  or  ti„.ir  life,  yet  are  they  proud 
and  ambitious  of  praile.  Tii^«  U  general- 
ly among  them  a  great  propenfity  toiorccry, 
or  divination  by  lots,  efpecially  among  their 
prielVs,  who  exercife  that  deceitful  art  upon 
liiakes  or  llrpcnts,  pretending  to  have  a 
power  to  make  thofe  horrid  creatures  fly 
before  them,  or  obey  their  commands,  as 
they  pleafe.  JVaUa-SiHa,  a  former  king  of 
Jual.i,  was  reckoned  the  grcatciV  forcerer 
and  poilbner  in  the  country  ;  ijifomuch, 
that  upon  fome  extraordinary  occafions, 
they  tell  us,  he  could,  by  the  power  of 
his  magick,  bring  all  his  forces  together 
in  a  moment,  though  ever  fo  far  dil'pers'd 
and  fcatter'd. 

The  J'liray  Blacks  abovc-mcntion'd,  are 
fo  dexterous  and  expert  at  dealing,  that 
they  will  rob  an  F.urbpean  before  his  face, 
without  being  perceiv'd  by  him,  drawing 
what  they  fix  their  mind  upon  away  with 
one  foot,  and  taking  it  up  behind.  In  fhort, 
the  ancient  Laifdimoniaits  might  have  learnt 
of  them  the  art  of  pilfering  and  dealing, 
torifiJ;'-ing  how  expert  the'e  people  are  at 
it.  Nor  .ire  they  lefs  perfidious  to  the  Blacks 
of  the  inluad  cguncries,  wli9  come  dawn  to 


Stnery. 


Cuming 

thinti. 


trade  at  the  faftories ;  for  under  colour  of 
helping  them  to  carry  their  goods,  or  of 
fcrving  as  interpreters,  they  will  Ileal  one 
half  of  what  they  have. 

Thofe  of  Juala  and  Porto  (PAH  are  as 
great  knaves  as  any,  in  this  particular. 

The  Camilla  Blacks  are  reputed  the  bed  &>«<//«/ 
foldiers  in  the  country,  being  of  a  fteady'''"'J- 
refolute  temper,  by  which  they  have  main- 
tain'd  their  liberty  between  the  two  neigh- 
bouring kings,  who  have  often  attempted 
to  reduce  them  by  force  of  arms,  but  with- 
out fuccefs. 

Tbc-    Wo  MEM 

ARE  very  well  diaped,  tall,  ludy,  ftrait, 
■^  adive,  and  of  a  very  bright  black 
colour,  extreme  wanton,  and  of  pleafing 
countenances ;  their  temper  hot  and  lafci- 
vious,  making  nofcruple  to  proditute  them- 
felves  to  the  Europeans  for  a  very  flender 
profit,  fo  great  is  their  inclination  to  white 
men-,  which  often  occafions  mighty  quarrels 
with  their  husbands. 

T'hi!  Language 
TS  generally  that  oi  Zungay,  ufed  alfo  in  a/<i/;i»h  »» 

■*■  Gualata,  much  like  that  of  the  Azuagesff'*^">S- 
Moors,  which  thty  utter  in  a  very  precipi- 
tate  manner  ;  fhnking  the  head,  and  dretch- 
ing  out  the  neck,  or  fhortning  of  it,  asthey  > 

ileliver  their  words,  mod  of  which  do  ter- 
minate in  a. 

Marmol.lib.  i.  cap.  23.  fpeaking  of  the 
language  of  the  Africans,    takes  notice  ot 
three   forts,  call'd  Chilba,   Tamazegt,  anti 
Zcnetit,  and  uled  in  his  time  ;  which  how- 
ever denote  almod  the  fime  thing,  though 
the  true  Berebcres,  or  Chilohes,  that  is,  the 
»nricnt  Afruaiis,   difpers'd   throughout  all 
Africa,  dllTlT  Tiom  others  in  the  pronuncia- 
tion, and  fignification  of  many  wonls.  Thofe 
who  are  near  neighbours  to  the  Arabs,  in- 
habiting a  great  part  oi  Africa  ever  fince 
the  year  of  our  Lord  65 j,  and  who  have/;„y,^^_ 
mod  convcrfation  with  them,  intermix  abun-  rul  't»n- 
dance  of  words  of  the  language  Ahimalic,i»'a"- 
the  mod  noble  dialed  uled  among  the  Arais, 
with  their  natural  African  tongue  ;  as  the 
Arabs,  on  the  other  hand,  make  ule  of  abun- 
dance of  African  words.     The  Comeres  and 
Iloares,  who  live  among  the  mountains  of 
the  little  Atlas,  and  all  the  inhabitants  of 
the  towns  on  the  coall  oi  B  trhars,  lying 
between  the  gr .at  AtLn  and  the  lea,  Ipeak 
a  fort  of  corrupt  Aiabick;  but  in  Ahrccco, 
and   all   the  provinces  of  that  empire,  as 
likewili:  among  the  Nuviiduvn  and  GctKlia-' 
lying  to  the   calf-ward,  they  ufe  the  p'...c 
African  language,  call'd  C/jilha,   and  Ta- 
mazcgt  ;  winch  names  are  very  antient.  The 
other  more  cadern  Africans,  call'd  Berebcret, 
bonlering   on  the  kingdom  of  Tunis,  .md 
hum  in^oii  dii  Barl^urta  to  the  deiiirts  of 

Ba'\ay 


I 


iOOKl. 

of 
of 
me 

:  as 

beftcooJ/dl 
ady '''"''■ 
ain- 
igh- 
pted 


trair, 

black. 

:afing 

hfci- 

them- 

lendcr 

while 

Liwrtls 


alfo  in  Met'mni  m 
izuageift'*'"''^- 
)recipi- 
(Irecch- 

as  they 

do  ter- 

of  the 
otice  ot 
._i^/,  and 
ch  how- 

though 
t  is,  the 

lOut  all 

muncia- 

^  Thofe 

cibs,  in- 
ter fince 

ho  have  x^;,, /Vvf. 

(ix  abun-  rM  i«n- 

lbmalu,i<"'i"- 

le  Ard'Sy 
as  the 

jt  abiin- 

\eres  and 

lit.uns  of 

litants  of 
V,  lyins 

pire,  as 
ulului"' 
:hc  pv.,c 
and  'r.(- 
liic.  The 
]erebcrei, 
litis,  -ind 
[efa  rts  of 


Chap.  5.  o/Nigritia,  <?r  North-Guinea. 


3? 


Barca,  generally  fpeak  a  corrupt,  or  broken 
ytrnbick  1  as  do  thofe  who  inhabit  the  coun- 
tries from  the  great  Atlas  to  the  ocean,  whe- 
ther they  have  fettled  dwellings  or  not,  and 
moft  or  the  Aztinges.,  though  their  princi- 
pal language  be  the  Znietien.  Thus  wc 
fee  there  are  few  in  /Ifrica  who  fpeak  the 
natural  pure  Arabick  ;  yet  in  tiieir  authen- 
tick  writings  they  all  make  ufc  of  the  lan- 
guage Ahimalic,  and  for  the  moft  part 
they  write  and  read  it  all  over  Barbary, 
Numidia  and  L-^hia. 

Thofe  two  languages  are  mixt  among 
the  Blacks  ■■,  for  the  provinces  which  lie  near 
the  Srneguis,  and  other  Mahometan  Arabs, 
have  abundance  ofArnbiik  and  African  words. 
In  Goloffe,  the  country  I  am  now  defcribing ; 
Ci'neboa,  or  Geneoua,  of  which  I  (hall  give 
a  rtiort  account  in  the  fupplemiMit  ;  Tombut, 
Mc'.i,  Gago  and  Ganafe,  tlicy  ufe  tiie  Zurf- 
j^tty  hmg'iage  ;  in  Giibeicnm,  £hefena,  Per- 
zC'iTt'i^  anii  Guangrn,  they  fpeak  tlie  Guber 
dialeil  ;  in  Borna  and  Goaga  a  third  idiom 
is  ufed  much  like  the  former  ■,  and  in  Nubia, 
a  fourth,  which  participates  of  the  Arabick, 
Chaldiii  k  and  Egyptian.  All  thefe  provin- 
ces border  on  the  Niger.  In  others  more 
to  the  fouthward,  they  again  fpeak  feveral 
forts  of  languages  and  diahds,  the  chief 
whereof  are  the  Zingitiemaii  and  rhe  Abyffine. 
In  otlier  parts  again,  they  rarher  feem  to 
whiille  than  to  talk  ;  but  all  languages, 
which  are  fo  ftrange  to  us  F.iirofc.-uis,  found 
more  like  whiftling  than  talking. 

When  the  j\Ial<  metan  Arahi  conquer'd 
Egst't,  the  Egyptia)is  took  to  their  language, 
and  after  th.it  again  to  the  Turkijh,  which 
they  ufe  as  the  courtly  dialtrt.  Only  thofe 
who  iliil  continue  chriftians  have  prcferv'd 
the  natural  Egyptian  tongue,  the  only  one 
before  its  conqueft  ufed  in  tiiat  nation  ; 
though  in  feme  parts  of  it  a  little  mixt 
with  Ar/ibick,  and  AbyJIiinan,  and  every 
where  with  much  of  the  Hebrrd!. 

This  digrefTion  I  hope  may  be  accept- 
able to  the  reader,  as  giving  a  rcafonable 
idea  of  the  many  different  l.ingu.iges  and 
di.ilefts,  in  ufe  among  feveral  nations  of 
Blacks  I  am  to  trc.it  of. 


Tilt  Itttltr 
fin. 

Shirt. 


The  Apparel 
/^F  the  prime  men,  is  a  fort  of  fhirt, 
^  or  trock  of  ftriped  cotton  of  feveral 
colours  ;  as  yellow,  blue,  wiiite,  bl.ick,  i^c. 
Sonic  of  thefe  are  plaited  about  the  neck, 
others  plain,  having  only  a  hole,  or  flit 
for  tiie  head  to  pals  through,  and  reach 
from  the  neck  to  the  knees  with  lari/e  open 
flecves.  Under  this  fliirt  they  wear  a  thick 
ciotii,  made  up  after  the  taihion  of  long 
witle  breeches,  by  them  cali'd  Jniiba,  as  is 
tmchn.  worn  by  the  Arabs,  inuch  rcfembling  a  wo- 
man's petticoat,  plaited  ami  tied  round  at 
the  bottom  i  and  is  very  inconvenient,  as 


much  obftruding  the  motion  of  the  legs,  Bahhot. 
becaufe  of  the  widenefs  and  the  thicknefs  *"OrV 
of  the  cloth  it  is  made  of.  This  fort  of 
breeches  is  moft  ufed  in  the  winter,  for  in 
the  fummer  they  wear  only  a  fingle  fliirt 
of  old  linen,  with  a  little  cap  made  of  lea- 
ther, or  ozier,  ftreight  at  the  head,  but 
wide  above  like  a  large  frier's  hood. 

The  common  fott  of  both  fexes  gene-Xfef  fi»»»^ 
rally  wear  nothing  but  a  fliort  cotton  clout,  """'/'"■*• 
or  fome  linen  rags,  to  cover  their  naked- 
nefs.  Others  have  only  a  leather  girdle,  to 
which  is  made  faft  a  fmall  riarrow  clout 
round  the  body,  with  an  end  hanging  out 
behind.  Others  again  join  feveral  cloths 
or  clouts,  two  or  three  fathom  in  length, 
which  they  wrap  about  their  flioulders, 
and  under  the  arms,  and  leave  the  two 
ends  hanging  before  and  behind  down  to 
their  heels,  like  a  long  cloak,  wliich  they 
look  upon  as  an  honourable  drels.  To 
conclude,  others  go  ftark  naked,  efpeciil- 
ly  the  younger  fort. 

Women  and  girls  wear  only  a  fingle W4»»»* 
piece  ot  cloth  or  clout  about  their  waift, 
and  another  over  their  heads,  in  the  nature 
of  a  veil.  Their  hair  is  either  platted  or 
twifted,  and  adorn'd  with  fome  few  trinkets 
of  gold,  coral,  or  glafs.  Some  there  are, who 
wear  a  fore  of  coif,  ftanding  up  fi"c  or  fix 
inches  above  their  head,  which  they  think 
a  fine  fafliion. 

The  gentry  wear  fandals,  confifting  ofSanMt, 
only  a  piece  of  leather,  cut  out  to  the  fli.ipe 
of  the  Ible  of  the  foot,  and  f.iftned  with 
leather  ftraps.  About  their  necks,  arms, 
waift  and  legs  abundance  of  Gri^ri,  or  other 
baubles,  neatly  rwirt«J  or  plaited  with  fome 
pifco  of  coral,  glafs  beids,  and  Cauris.  The 
Giigri  are  little  fquarc  kather,  or  cloth  bags,  Gtigri. 
in  which  are  enclos'd  fome  folded  pieces  of 
written  paper,  in  a  ibr:  of  Arabick  charac- 
ters, made  by  their  Lynchcrine>,  or  Mura- 
bonts,  being  in  the  nature  of  fpells  j  where- 
of I  fliall  give  a  more  ample  account  here- 
after, becaufe  of  the  great  efteein  thofe 
people  generally  have  for  them. 

Marriages. 

'T^  H  0'  the  ALcran  of  Mahomet,  which  tolygtmy. 

fome  of  the  BLuks  pretend  to  follow, 
allows  every  man  but  tour  wi-.-  s,  at  moft  ; 
yet  very  many  here  will  marry  as  many  as 
they  can  maintain,  becaufe  they  can  turn 
them  away  again  upon  any  flight  complaint, 
whcnfoever  they  difigrce. 

Some  tiicre  are  who  fancy  marrying  none 
but  virgins ;  others,  on  the  contrary,  will 
take  none  to  wife  but  fuch  as  have  given 
proof  of  their  not  being  barren.  He  who 
marries  a  virgin,  caufes  a  white  flieet  to  bco/xi>^j»i 
l.iid  on  the  bed  of  mats,  on  which  ihey 
are  to  confummate  the  marriage  ;  and  if  it 
appears  iUin'd  after  the  confummation,  he 

concludes 


l'\ 


!.i1 


3<J 


^  Defcription  of  the  Coafts 


Book  I. 


Cii 


'  f 


r\ 


Barbot. concludes  her  to  have  come  to  him  a  vir- 
''^Y'*'  gin,  and  carries  the  rtieec  in  publick  thro' 
the  village,  attended  by  fomc  Guiriots,  who 
fing  aloud  the  praifesof  the  woman,  and  the 
happincfs  of  the  mart.    If  no  blood  appears 
on  the  cloth,    the  father  of  the  womaa, 
who  had  warranted  her  a  maid,  muft  take 
her  home  to  him  again,  and  reftore  the 
bridegroom  what  oxen,  (laves,  or  other 
goods  he  had  given  him  for  his  daughter* 
Almoll   the  fame  is  generally   praftifed 
throughout  the   empire  of  Morocco,    and 
the  kingdoms  of  Fez  and  Suz  5  with  this 
difference  at  Morocco,  that  in  cafe  the  bride 
is  not  found  a  virgin,  the  bridegroom  ftrips 
her  of  the  nuptial  ornaments,  turns  her  out 
of  his  bed-chamber,   without  feeing  her 
face,  and  fends  her  home  to  her  father; 
tho'  the  law  of  Mahomet  allows  to  Itrangle 
her,  if  he  will  take  the  rigor  of  it.   This 
praftice  feems  to  have  been  among  theyrt^;, 
by  the  2  2d  chap,  of  Deuteronomy,  ver.  15. 
Tiirm  of       There  are  very  few  formalities  ufed  at 
mMmg,    the  wedding,  which  is  good  and  valid,  by 
the  conferit  of  the  two  contraftors  before 
foine  wirneffes,  together  with  a  little  feaft- 
ing,  aft'^r   iheir  way,  and  prefenting  the 
parents  of  the  bride,  with  fome  oxen,  or  a 
horfe,  a  calf,  or  a  Iheep.    However,  fomc 
parents   will  portion  their  diughier  with 
fomething  or  other,  as  a  flave,  two  or  three, 
or  with  oxen,  according  to  their  ability  } 
all  which  the  bridegroom  is  to  reftore,  in 
cafe  he  thinks  fit  afterwards  to  put  away 
his  wife. 
Je*lenfi.       The  men  are  for  the  moft  part  extraor- 
dinary jealous  of  their  wives.     If  they  fur- 
prize  them  m  adulici^,  tK^  hufband  will 
kill   the  adulterer  if  he  can,  and  U:  di. 
vorc'd  from  his  wife.    Yet  are  they  not  fo 
incens'd  if  the  wife  is  debauch'd  by  an  Euro- 
pean ;  but,  on  the  contrary,  are  generally 
very  inclinable  to  perfuade  cither  their  wives 
or  daughters,  to  proftitutc  themlelves  to 
Europeans,  provided  there  may  be  fome- 
thing got  by  it. 
Uiiih'fs.       The  Black  women  being  naturally  extra- 
ordinary lafcivious,  and  their  hufbands  fo 
fordid.ly  covetous  as  to  encourage  them  in 
fuch  proftitution  ;  and  on  the  other  hand, 
moft  of  tlie  Europeans,  who  Jive  in  thofe 
parts,  being  a  k)ofc  fort  of  people ;  it  is  cafy 
to  guefs  what  a  fcene  of  leudneli  and  de- 
bauchery is  continually  ading  there,  for 
the  greater  number  of  our  Europeans  main- 
tain three  or  four  women,  as  if  they  were 
marry'd  to  them  :  and  this  it  is  that  oc- 
cafions  fo  many  diftempers  as  they  often 
languifh  under,  till  death  puts  an  end  to 
all. 
unveimid      The  kings,  and  other  men  of  note,  have 
tmidmti.  ufmWy  more  wives  than  the  common  fort, 
fome  keepiii.;;  ^o  at  the  faine  time,  befulcs 
perlwps  as  many  concubines,  which  are 


kept  in  a  lower  degree  than  the  wives  i 
for  the  huftund  muft  lie  at  night  with  one 
of  thefc,  or  more  if  he  plcafes,  and  rcferves 
the  concubines  to  divert  him  in  the  day^ 

Thefc  women  do  not  live  all  together 
with  the  hufband,  whether  king,  or  other 
great  man,  but  are  di(pcrs'd  up  and  down 
the  country,  in  villages  where  they  keep 
their  cattle  -,  that  fo  he  may  have  the  com- 
pany of  fome  of  them,  whcrcfoever  his  bu- 
finefs  or  pleafurc  calls  him. 

One  among  the  king's  wives  is  generally 
chief  above  the  reft,  whom  he  puts  the 
greateft  value  upon ;  but  if  his  mind  alters, 
and  he  grows  weary  of  her,  flic  is  fent  away 
to  fome  other  place,  with  fuch  (laves  as  par- 
ticularly belong  to  her,  and  is  allow'd  cer- 
tain lands,  which  are  till'd  for  her  main- 
tenance )  and  then  he  chufes  another  chief 
wife  out  of  Yiisfera^lio. 

Birth  c/C.ildren. 

•T*  H  E  Black  women  being,  as  has  been  E4/y  ehUi. 

•'•  faid,  of  a  robuft  conftitution,  bring  forth  *«<»ri»x. 
their  children  with  very  little  pain,  efpe- 
cially  the  common  fort  of  them ;  who,  as 
foon  as  deliver'd,  carry  the  infant  themfelves 
to  the  next  river,  or  other  water,  and  wa(h 
it.  This  done,  they  wrap  it  up  in  a  piece  .w/»ri 
of  blanket,  or  cloth,  and  tie  it  to  their' 
back  with  a  cloth  made  faft  under  the 
arm-pits,  leaving  the  child's  legs  hanging 
out  under  their  arms  ■,  and  thus  go  up  and 
down  from  one  pkcc  to  another,  or  do  the 
bufmefe  of  the  houfe.  At  night,  they  lay 
the  infint  by  them  on  a  mat,  or  cloth,  for 
they  know  nothing  of  cradles,  or  clouts.  I 
have  admir'd  the  quietnefs  of  the  poor  babes, 
fo  carry'd  about  at  their  mothers  backs,  or 
tontu  M  thpy  are  at  any  hard  labour  in  the 
houfe  1  and  how  freely  they  fuck  the  breafts, 
which  arc  always  full  of  milk,  over  tlieir 
mother's  (houlaers,  and  fleep  foundly  in 
that  odd  pofture. 

In  the  morning,  the  mother  walhcs  the 
infant  with  frefli  water,  and  rubs  it  with 
palm-oil,  and  conftantly  fuckles  it  till  abic 
to  go,  and  then  turns  it  loofe  to  play  and 
move  about  as  it  thinks  fit,  very  littlt  re- 
garding what  becomes  of  it,  though  always 
very  careful  and  tender  when  fucking.  It 
is  pleafant  enough  fometimes  to  fee  a  par- 
cel of  fuch  little  boys  and  grrls,  ftark  naked, 
playing  together,  and  creeping  on  all  four 
about  the  village,  or  in  the  market-places, 
with  each  of  them  a  fmall  net,  made  of 
the  bark  of  a  tree,  about  their  neck,  full 
of  Grigri,  that  is,  charms,  which  they  fancy 
preferve  them  from  milchances,  as  Inall  be 
iarther  rtiown  hereafter. 

The  wives  of  the  better  fort  of  men  be-  ptat  n^j-tu 
ing  put  to  no  fuch  hard  labour  as  the  meaner,  why. 
it  has  been  obferved,  thatthei-  children  have 
not  generally  fuch  flat  nofcs  zi  the  others ; 

whence 


Time  ef 
j-aiii  li.tir 

I 
I 
I 
Jl 

n 
n 

id 
ti: 

iitmhs  ff 
luiUriri.      vi 

fiv 
of 
bo 
Di. 
la, 
mo 
by 


Hmner  nf  A  1 


r-fiuies  tit 
uri. 


likiii  of 
lir,l«. 


\m 


OK 


I. 


Chap.  3.         0/  Nigriria,  or  North-Guinea. 


37 


r 

r 
n 

P 
\- 

i- 

»y 

he 

rs, 

ay 

ir- 

er- 

jn- 

lief 


)een  E«/y  f^'(* 
arth  *""■'"*• 
fpe- 
I,  as 
;lves 
wa(h 

piece  NHr/ni'. 
liieir 
the 

»ging 
3  and 
o  the 
,y  lay 
,  for 
ts.  I 
)abes, 
«,  or 
in  the 

eafts, 

tlieir 

ly  in 

rs  the 

with 
li  able 
Ly  and 
[it  re- 
|ilways 
It 

apar- 

laked, 
|1  four 

:ilace5,_ 

idc  of 
full 
fancy 

lallbe 

hen  be-  ptat  mfn. 
ncaner.w*)'- 
tn  have 
tthers  i 
vhenca 


wh(  nee  it  may  be  infcn-M  th.it  the  nofcs  of 
thele  poor  infants  arc  fl.itf.'uM  by  being  fo 
long  tan  icd  about  on  tlicir  moduT's  backs, 
b.'caufc  they  mull  b"  lo.ninually  beating  on 
thiin,  when  tiie  motion  of  tht.'ir  arms  or  bo- 
clus  is  any  thing  vioknt-,  cfpecially  when 
ti.cy  are  beating  or  ]-oiirii.ling  their  milkc 
Lvcry  morning,  which  is  the  conftant  talk  of 
the  women  of  inferior  rank. 
Tixif  ff  It  is  the  cultom  of  the  B!iuks  not  to  lie 
*"''"*'  ,  with  a  woman,  from  the  time  Ihe  appears 
vni'i  '"  '"^  ^^  quick  with  thill,  till  llie  is  dcliver'd 
and  the  child  weanM,  believing  it  would  be 
the  death  of  the  infant  •,  and  tliis  I  fuppofe  to 
to  be  the  more  regularly  prad iicd,  becaufe 
of  the  number  of  wives  and  concubines  they 
have  of  their  own  •,  be  fides  their  daily  run- 
ning aftray  among  tholo  of  tiu  'i-  neighbours, 
notwithftanding  the  great  d.inger  they  run 
in  fo  doing;  fuch  is  tlieir  natural  inclination 
to  venery! 
Hxmits "/  ^^^  °"'y  ceremony  they  obferve  in  gi- 
imiiren.  ving  names  to  their  tiuldren,  is  to  invite 
five  or  fix  perfons,  to  be  as  it  were  witnefii-'s 
of  the  faid  name  iinpoled.  The  names  for 
boys  are  commonly  Oincr,  Giiiah,  Mallei, 
Di/nby,  is?c.  and  for  girls,  y/iinntia,  Fatima- 
ta,  Co/nba,  Cowej^ain,  ir'jr'fl,  ILngay,  ijjc. 
moll  of  which  are  MabomHan  names,  ufed 
by  the  followers  of  tlie  Akoiaii. 

Their  Houses 

j,;mnntif  A^^  commonly  built  rouncilike pavilion*, 
iuiUHis-  "■''i*^^  t)f  ''ifge  twilled  dry  reeds,   clofc 

bound  together,  entlos'd  with  walls  five  or 
fix  loot  high,  of  a  red  glutinous  clay.  Each 
hoiife  confifts  of  five  or  fix  fuch  rooms  or 
combets,  as  they  call  them,  Handing  toge- 
ther within  the  fame  iiiclofurc.  The  tor= 
are  thatch'd  with  iwiftcd  fli.iw  of  liitiiaH 
wheat  or  millet,  done  very  artificially,  anjl 
fo  as  to  be  proof  againfl  any  weather.  Each 
of  thefe  combets  or  rooms  is  defign'd  for  a 
peculiar  ufe,  as  a  ftorehoufc,  a  kitchin,  a 
bed-chamber,  ^c.  all  joining  to  one  ano- 
ther, with  proper  palfigcs  for  communica- 
tion. 
Foulewi*  Tht  Foules  are  the  mofl  curious  buildersof 
i,;llmil-  thcfe  combets  or  hutts  among  all  the  y?/i<iii, 
""■  making  them  the  molt  folid  and  near,  of  a 
white  glutinous  clay,  mixM  with  ox's  hair. 
Their  roofs  are  alio  of  a  better  fort,  and 
more  durable. 

In  fome  places  along  tlie  road,  which 
leads  from  Rio  Frejlo  or  Rufj'jo  to  Byburt, 
the  combets  are  for  the  moll  part  made  of 
flraw,  with  a  little  door  like  the  mouth  of 
an  oven,  through  whicli  they  mull  creep  in 
or  out  on  all  tour,  as  has  been  mci:tioned 
before.  It  is  plain  that  thefe  people  took 
tiiis  way  of  building  from  the  Jnibs  their 
neiglibours,  as  you  will  readily  conclude, 
from  what  I  ftiall  fay  hcrtaltcr  of  that  na- 

VOL.  V. 


Uutli  of 


tion's  /idouars  or  barracks,  as  they  have  imi-  Barbot. 
tatcd  them  in  many  other  particulars,  viz.  "OT^^. 
in  their  eating,  habit,  ceremonies,  ^f.  which 
the  reader  may  compare  as  they  occur  in 
their  proper  places. 

There  are  no  fortify'd  or  wali'd  towns,  in  ^'  "•"• 
the  country  of  the  JulofeSy  but  only  abun- *'"'*'"*" 
dance  of  large  wretched  villages  and  ham- 
lets, confiding  of  two  or  three  hundred  round 
combets  or  cottages,  built  almoft  in  a  heap 
or  clufter,  leaving  only  little  narrow  paffagcs 
or  ways  beiwixt  them,  with  fome  planiane- 
trecs  to  each  manfion  ;  fo  that  it  is  very 
troublefome  walking  through  tliofe  narrow 
erooked  alleys  m  the  rainy  fe.ilbn,  the '■"- 
ter  running  down  trom  the  tops  of  the 
houfes  on  the  people,  as  thsy  p  ifs  along. 

Rio  Frcfco  or  Kufifco  is  fucii  a  town,  open 
on  all  fides,  looking  at  a  diftance  like  a 
camp,  as  appears  in  the  cut. 

In  the  country  of  the  Foideh  where  there  p^/;,^„ 
are  abundance  of  lions  and  tygers,  the  vil-  tnchjtJ. 
lages  are  within  an  enclofurc  made  of  Bur- 
Reccls,    to  fccure  them  from  thole  ravenous 
creatures,    who  would  otherwife  be  very 
troublefome  to  them. 

The  town  of  CameUnga  or  Conde,  the  re-  Cameirn- 
fidence  of  the  kings  of  that  name,    is  notga"'""'- 
much  bigger  than  Riiffco,  nor  does  it  differ 
inform,  being  all  of  a  heap. 

That  of  Kayor  contains  about  three  hun-^jyor, 
dred  houfes,    befides  the  king's  manfion  or 
palace,  which  differs  not  from  all  the  rell, 
in  any  other  particular,    but  that  it  is  much  <• 

larger,  and  has  a  conllant  guard  kept  about 
it ;  as  alio  that  there  arc  fome  combets  or 
hovels  built  with  clap-boards,  orfmall  trunks 
of  trees  join'd  clofe  together,  .-ibout  eighteen 
or  twenty  f^ot  *iiyli,  and  the  tops  covered 
with  reeds  twilled  ;  but  the  doors  are  very 
low  and  narrow.  Jull  before  the  firfl:  en-  rnUct, 
clofure  of  this  palace  is  a  fpacious  field,  to 
manage  the  king's  horfes,  tho'  they  are  not 
many  in  i, umber.  Without,  by  the  fide  of 
the  palace,  are  the  combets  of  the  perfons  of 
note;  and  from  it  runs  a  large  avenue,  plan- 
ted with  calabafli  or  gourd-trees.  On  the 
fides  of  this  avenue  are  the  houfes  of  the 
king's  officers,  rang'J  in  fuch  order,  that 
thole  of  the  prime  offi^ei:  ".re  nearell  to  the 
palace.  Within  it  th  :re  arc  fcvcial  other 
enclofuiTS  to  pafi  through,  before  we  come 
to  the  king's  own  combets  or  apartment  •, 
but  vi;ry  few  dare  go  fo  far  in,  without  fpe- 
cial  leave. 

The  king's  wives  have  each  of  them  their 
feveral  combets  within  the  palace,  with 
five  or  fix  n.ives  a-piece  to  wait  on  them. 

The  Blacks  in  general  have  little  or  no  j.^,^;,^, 
furniture  or  houJhold  (luff  in  their  '-oufesi 
and  in  reality,  notiiing  is  to  be  feen  there 
but  pots,  nets,  fiiovels,  axes,  kettles,  bowls, 
weapons,  and  mats,  none  of  them  ufing 
beds,  tables,  or  chairs ;  and  therefore  the 
L  mats 


I 


.  '-^i 


il.lil! 


i-      .).   ;, 


38 


A  Defer iption  of  the  Coafls  Book  I. 


Thmin, 


Barbot.  maM  are  for  them  to  lie  or  fit  on.  The  bet- 
\^)r>^  ter  fort  have  their  mats  on  an  Eftrado,  which 
is  only  an  end  of  the  room  raifed  a  little, 
perhaps  three  or  four  inches  above  the  rcit 
of  the  floor.  Tiiere  they  fpread  fine  mats., 
and  fome  a  (heet  to  lie  on  at  night,  witii- 
out  any  other  pillow  or  boulder  for  their 
heads,  bat  their  own  arm,  or  a  fmall  piece 
of  wood  or  ftone ;  nor  any  blankets  to  co- 
ver them.  Thus  we  read  that  Jamb  took 
his  reft  at  nigh',  when  he  was  travelling  to 
Pad-m  Aran,  Genefts  c.  28.  v.  1 1 , 

7^«> Professions  fl«<f  Employments. 

'TTHO*  I  have  already  in  gmeral  rqire- 
fented  t.hem  as  very  lazy  anv.'  flothful, 
yet  there  a."e  Ibm.'  more  induftrious  than  o- 
thers.  Of  thcfe,  one  part  addift  thcmfelvcs 
to  military  employments,  and  follow  the 
wars,  which  is  the  moft  honourable  profef- 
Hon  -,  others  to  hu/bandry,  the  next  in  c- 
fteem  •,  others  are  blackfmiths  •,  others  pot- 
ters ■,  others  builders,  weavers,  (dc.  near 
the  fea  many  are  fifhermen ;  fome  take  to 
fpinning,  and  others  to  drefllng  of  leather. 
Many  are  bred  to  look  after  cattle  and  hor- 
fes }  fome  to  follow  the  bufmefs  of  bro- 
kers about  the  country,  for  the  benefit  of 
trade ;  others  are  flioemakers,  faddlers,  or 
GA-jfr/'-makers,  that  is,  conjurers  to  iir.pcfe 
upon  the  fuperftitious  multitude.To  all  thele 
proftflions  the  fathers  bring  up  their  fons  i 
and  the  mothers  teach  their  daughters  from 
their  tendtr  years,  ro  fpin  cotton,  and  to 
weave  cloths  of  it,  or  elfe  mats  of  ftraw  or 
ruflies.  When  thefe  girls  are  grown  up,  they 
muft  help  their  mothers  in  their  houfhold 
affairs,  viz.  to  clean  tK«  corn  or  millet,  to 
pound  rice,  to  bake  bread,  to  fetch  water 
from  the  brooks,  fprings  or  rivers,  to  drefs 
their  meat,  and  particularly  to  keep  a  fire 
all  the  night  in  the  combets,  where  the  fa- 
mily lies  all  together  in  a  round,  with  their 
feet  ftrctch'd  out  to  the  fire,  which  they 
reckon  extraordinary  who!efome,  pretend- 
ing, that  the  heat  of  the  fire  draws  out  all 
the  moifture  they  gather  during  the  whole 
day,  becaufe  for  the  moft  part  they  go  bare- 
foot. None  but  themfelves  are  able  to  en- 
dure the  clofe  confinement  to  fuch  a  narrow 
!>lace,  with  fuch  an  intolerable  heat  and 
moke  as  comes  from  the  fire,  which  keeps 
them  in  x  continual  fweac ;  but  ufe  is  a  fe- 
cond  nature. 

neir  Weapons  a»d  Armies,  Horses 
and  FuRNiit'RE. 

•TrHEY  have  the  art  of  ma'/ing  fever  .1 
forts  of  weapons,   each  nation  havin* 
fome  peculiar  to  itfelf. 

The  Jalofes  ufe  bows  and  poifon'd  anows, 
made  of  a  reed,  the  wounds  whereof  are 
mortal,  if  not  fter'd  immediately  with  a  red- 


7hi »«. 
Pita. 


ttifn'd 
Mtvmt. 


hot  iron  1  but  if  they  penetrate  deep  into  the 
body,  it  is  fcarce  poffible  to  draw  them  out, 
becaufe  of  the  intolerable  pain  it  caufes,  the 
heads  of  the  arrows  being  bearded,  which 
tear  the  flcfii  in  a  miferable  manner. 

Tiic  liows  are  made  of  a  cane  or  reed,  Buin. 
rcfembling  the  bambocs  of  the  Kajt'lndui-, 
and  the  firing  of  the  bow  is  alfo  another  fort 
of  reed,  very  curioufly  cut  and  fitted  to  that 
ufe.  Thefe  people  are  fo  dextrous  at  their 
bows  and  arrows,  that  they  will  hit  a  mark, 
no  larger  than  a  crown-piece,  at  fifty  yards 
dilbnce.  The  quiver  is  made  to  hold  fifty 
of  thefe  poifon'd  anows. 

Bcfides  the  bow  and  arrows,    they  ufe  a  svnit. 
fort  of  crooked  fword,  much  like  a  Tinkijh 
fey  miter,  the  fcabbard  whereof  is  all  covered 
with  a  thin-copper  plate.     Ano-^her  weapon 
is  a  very  ftiarp-pointed  fpear,    between  the  sfian. 
fize  of  a  pike  and  a  pertuifan,  which  they 
handle  ver/  dextroully.     In  war  they  carry 
a  large  round  buckler  or  target,  made  o(t»tihi. 
the  flcin  of  a  beaft  they  call  a  Danfa,  like  a 
littlecow,  being  extraordinary  hard.  Others 
are  made  of  ox-hides.    Bcfides  all  this,  they 
carry  an  Affiigaia  or  javelin,  and  two  fm.ill 
darts,    which  they  call  Syncheria  -,  each  of  D»rti. 
which  is  faftened  to  a  long  ftring  or  cord  by 
the  middle  of  the  Hixff,  which  ferves  to  re- 
cover and  bring  them  back,  when  they  have 
darted  r.c  any  perfon  or  thing,  at  which  they 
are  extraordinary  aftive  and  dextrous. 

The  JJfagaia  or  javelin,  is  a  fort  of  long  Aftlgjia*; . 
and  heavy  dart,  the  head  whereof  is  arm'd 
with  four  large  points,  and  feveral  hooks, 
fo  that  the  wounds  it  makes  muft  be  defpe- 
rate.  They  Cun  dart  them  and  hit  at  a  great 
diftance,  and  very  feldom  go  il'ioad  with- 
out one  in  their  hand. 

B'-fides  all  thcfe,   fome  of  them  wear  a  Crt/it 
Mooriflj  knife,  about  fialf  a  yard  long,   and  *"'/' 
two  inches  broad  in  the  bhde  i   all  which 
weapons  are  fo  ordered  about  'hem  in  war, 
that  their  arms  and  hands  are  ai  liberty  to 
handle  them  elfeftuaily  and  fight  refolutely. 

Their  armies  are  compos'd  of  horfe  and  ^":'  ""•' 
foot.     The  troopers  generally  have  aJl  the^""' 
aforefaid  weapons  •,   the  foot,  a  bow  and 
quiver,  a  javelin,  and  an  European  cutlace. 
They  commonly  buy  horfes  of  the  Moors  of 
Genehoa  their  neighbours,  which  tho'  fmall, 
are  extraordinary  mettlefome,  like  thofc  of""'f"- 
Barbary.    Some  of  them  toft  ten  or  twelve 
flaves  a-picce,  or  about  an  hundred  pounds 
fterling.  One  Catherine  of  Ruf/co,  of  whom 
I  (hall  fpcak  hereafter,   had  a  horfc  when  I 
was  there,  which  (he  valu'd  at  fourteen  (laves, 
and  afterwards  prefcnted  him  to  the  king  of 
Kayor. 

They  ride  their  horfes  wonderful  fwift.     I  nuiij. 
once  faw  the  old  Coitdej  viceroy  of  Mayor, 
then  feventy  years  of  age,  riding  a  little  Bar- 
bary  horfc  on  the  ftrand,  near  the  cape,  as 
faft  as  polTibly  his  legs  could  carry  him, 

darting 


Ci 


SriMitgiui 
flHri. 


HaJMti. 

a 
{ 
a 
d 

n 

fa 

th 
he 

to 


go 

th( 


WJ 


le 


tl 

fnvljum.  at ; 
(ol( 
baj 


vi/1 

anc 

Vrum. 

pre 

I 

car 

lam 

Shnflir.        Tj 

M/J. 

rop 

Tur 

iJodifci. 

1 

{■ill. 

mer 

or  r 

an  ( 

is  a 

Guit 

drur 

they 

my. 

foot 

'  I  i  • 


'*■  I ' 


30K  I. 


he 
nt, 

;hc 
ich 

ed,  Btvi. 

Hes, 

fore 

that 

heir 

irk, 

ards 

fifty 

ife  a  StforJi- 
irkijh 
^fcreil 
:apori 

;n  thesfwr/. 
they 
carry 

ide  ofT«rxf"- 
like  a 
Others 
I,  they 
I  Imail 
ach  oiD»rti. 

ord  by 

to  re- 

ey  have 

ch  they 

s. 

of  long  A(tJ2»i.i 
is  arm'd 
I  hooks, 
le  dcfpe- 
t a  great 
ad  with- 

i  wear  a  cr'*' 
,g,  and'"'/' 
11  which 
1  in  war, 
iberty  to 
folutcly. 

lorfe  and  »">'""' 
z  all  the>"- 
30W  and 

ij  cutlace. 

Moors  of 

jr  twelve 
d  pounds 
of^whom 
fe  when  I 
:en  flavcs, 
ic  king  of 

1  fwift.     I  Mini- 

I  of  Ka^or, 

llittlc  Bar- 

cape,  as 

Hrry  him, 

darting 


Chap.  }.        <?/Nigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 

darting  his  AJfagaia  a  good  way  before  him, 

and  catching  ic  again  with  the  fame  hand  •, 

or  if  it  happened  to  fall  to  the  ground,  lie 

would  take  it  up  dextrnufly,  without  iofmg 

his  ftirrops,  or  abatir;_^  of  iiis  fpeed.     I  have 

been  tola  of  fome  troopers,   who  can  ride 

full  fpced,  (landing  upright  on  tiie  faddle, 

and  turn  about,  or  fit  down  and  (land  up 

again,  or  leap  down  from  the  fiddle,  only 

keeping  one  hand  upon  it,  and  mount  again 

in  the  lame  manner.    Others  on  a  full  Qxcd 

will  take  up  from  the  ground,  afmall  llone 

thrown  at  them  in  their  career,  with  many 

other  furprizing  feats  of  adlivity. 

If  we  may  believe  the  Blacks^  they  en- 
chant, or  bewitch  their  horfes,  jud  at  the 

time  of  engaging,  to  render  them  the  bolder 

and  fwifter. 
SrWisMid     Their  bridles  are  commonly  fent  froni 
fiiin.       Europe;  but  fome  of  them  are  of  their  own 

making,  much  like  the  Englijh  bits.    The 

f[Hirs  are  wrought  out  of  the  fime  piece  of 

iron  as  the  (lirrop,  for  they  ride  barefooted 

themfelves;  and  never  (hoe  their  horfes. 
^»dMii.         They  are  goodartidsatmaking  of  faddlcs, 

and  curious  in  embroidering  them  with  wor- 

(Itd  of  feveral  colours,  after  their  fa(hion  ; 

adorning  them  at  the  fame  time  with  abun- 
dance of  Grigri  or  charms,  and  C/iurh  or 

Ihelis  i  they  are  in  the  nature  of  our  pad- 

faddles. 
The  great  6rak  maintains  about  three 

thoufana  horfe ;   becaufe  he  can  purcVafe 

horfes  of  the  Moors,  at  a  much  cheaper  rate 
C*mtU.    than  the  Jalofes,  who  are  at  a  great  didance 

from  them,  and  therefore  have  few  or  none 

to  ferve  in  the  war  j  but  their  foot  are  very 

good,   and  fome  ride  on  camels,  wiiercof 

there  is  plenty  in  their  country. 

Some  of  their  foldiers   have  fire-arms, 

which  they  handle  pretty  well,  as  do  alfo 

the  Moors  of  Gemhoa;  and  will  flioot  well 
frtvi/Swj.  ata  mark,  from  a  great  didance.  When  the 

foldiers  go  to  war,  every  o.ie  carries  a  little 

bag,  about  twelve  inches  long,  full  of  pro- 

vilions,  as  Cufion.:,  Which  is  made  of  flower, 

and  the  like  •,  for  they  have  no  magazines 

provided  abroad  to  fubfid  their  armies. 
It  is  a  great  honour  and  advantage  to 

carry  the  kmg's  drum,  which  they  call  Lom- 

lambe. 

The  troopers  ride  very  ftiort  in  their  dir- 

rops,  with  heir  knees  raifcd  up,  after  the 

lurkijh  manner. 

The  armies  of  thefe  people  are  rather  nu- 
merous than  good.    They  obferve  no  order, 

or  martial  discipline,  whether  they  march  in 

an  enemy's  country,  or  give  battel,  which 

is  always  done  in  fome  open  pbin.     The 

Gmr'tots  make  a  mighty  noifc  with  their 

drums,  and  ocher  indruments,   as  ibon  as 

they  are  withit!  an  arrow's  flight  of  the  ene- 
my, which  is  done  to  embolden  them.  The 

foot  let  fly  their  arrows,  tlie  hoi  fc  caft  their 


Dr«(r». 


ShrtJIir- 
KoJifil- 


39 

darts,   and    then  handle  the  Affa^axcft  or  Bar  rot. 
fpears,  and  thus  fighting  without  any  order  i  V^VNI 
and  the  combatants  being  almod  all  over 
naked,  there  cnfues  a  mighty  (laughter  on 
both  fides :  for  they  arc  generally  of  an  un- 
daunted courage,  and  abhor  cowardifc,which 
is  infamous  among  them.    But  that  which  p,jA„„of 
chiefly  animates  them,  is  the  dread  they  have  »«.  m»i* 
of  being  made  flaves,  that  being  the  fate  ofjltvti. 
all  prifoners  of  war  i    from  which  the  beft 
men  are  not  exempted,  when  it  fallf  to  their 
lot  to  be  taken.     Another  encouragement 
they  have,  is,  the  cbnlidence  they  place  in 
their  Grigri  or  charms,  which,,  as  I  (h.il!  ob- 
ferve hereafter,  they  firmly  believe  will  pre- 
ferve  them  from  all  manner  of  evils,  and 
gain  them  all  forts  of  advantages  i  efpecially 
in  their  engagements  with  the  other  Black 
nations :  for  as  to  the  aftions  they  are  con- 
cern'din  againd£»/;opf,//w,who  ufe  mufquets, 
and  not  arrows,    they  are  fully  convinced 
that  no  Grigri  can  divert  the  efFeft  of  our  fire- 
arms, which  they  call  Poujf. 

The  kings  of  jtta.'a  and  of  Baoolhivc  been  JuaIa«>iJ 
long  at  war  among  themlelves,  about  the  li-  BaooUt 
mits  of  their  dominions,  which  has  diedroyed"*'^' 
great  numbers  of  their  fubjefts,    without 
coming  to  any  amicable  accommodation, 
the  king  of  Baool  being  dill  unrealbnable  in 
his  demands. 

It  is  reported  of  the  king  of  Bdool,  that 
when  he  holds  a  council  to  deliberate  about 
making  war  upon  fome  other  prince,  it  is 
done  in  fome  clofe  wood,  the  neared  lo  his 
refidence.  There  he  caufcs  a  hole,  about 
three  foot  deep  to  be  dug,  about  which  his 
privy-counfellorS  fit,  with  their  heads  bow- 
ing towards  the  hottom  of  it;  and  when  the 
council  is  difmifs'd,  the  whole  is  (ill'd  up 
again,  to  denote,  that  they  are  to  keep  the 
refolutions  taken  there  very  fecret,  as  if  they 
were  buried  %  which  if  they  do  not,  they 
are  look'd  upoi.  as  guilty  of  high-treafon. 
The  counfellors  in  this  point  are  lb  jud  and 
difcreet,  that  their  refolutidns  arc  never 
known  but  by  the  execution. 

Husbandry, 
'T'HE  kings  being  abfolute  lords  of  alM"'-"''' 
*    the  lands,  as  in  the  Turkijh  dominions, ''•"**"*'• 
every  private  p    fpn  is  obliged  to  make  ap- 
plication  to  them,    or  their  Alcaiiles,   in 
places  remote  from  him,   to  mark  out  the 
portion  of  land  he  is  to  till  and  fow  for  the 
fupport  of  his  family.    When  this  is  grnnted, 
according  lO  the  number  of  perfoni  in  the 
family,  the  head  of  it  takes  along  with  him 
four  or  five  others,  and  fets  fire  to  the  weeds 
and  bufhes  that  arc  upon  the  faid  land  or 
field,  which  they  call    Cougan  or  Cougar, 
After  the  fire  has  clear'd  it,  they  till,  or  digM<i»)«r»^ 
the  ground,  withun  iron  tool,  made  in  the""'"^ 
(hapc  of  a  (lioemaKer's-knife,  fix'd  at  the 
end  of  a  fin»U  iPtaff,  about  twelve  foot  long. 

Others 


tV'\'h 


40 


^  Defcription  of  the  Coafls 


Book  I. 


', 


!■  ,  t         "1 


xm 


Barbot.  Others  makes  ufe  of  a  fort  of  rounil  iron 
^>^i  fp.ide  or  lliovcl,  having  a  wooden  liaiullc. 
With  thefe  tools  they  dig  up  tin-  cartli,  not 
above  four  inches  in  depth,  and  turn  up  tlic 
mould,  with  thL-  allii-s  of  the  rail;,  they  hive 
burnt,  and  fo  let  it  lie  for  Ibme  days.  Uu- 
linjT  the  time  the  work  lalls,  they  arc  never 
witliout  a  pipe  in  tiieir  mouth,  nnd  conti- 
nually talking  to  one  another  •,  fo  that  they 
do  not  advance  much  in  a  day,  being  very 
avcrfc  to  hard  labour. 
Sivmg.  '^  ''c  pi'0[)er  lime  for  fowing,  is  about 
the  end  ot  June,  when  the  rains  decline. 
To  low  millet,  they  make  littL'lioles,  kneel- 
ing with  one  knee  on  the  ground,  into  which 
tlity  put  three  or  four  grains  togctlitr,  as 


we  'lo  with  peafe  in  £;/_;;/.;/;(/.  Otlicrsdraw 
little  llr.iit  furrows,  into  which  they  t'.irow 
the  niii'it,  and  cover  it  with  a  little  mould  ; 
but  the  Hi  ll  way  is  the  moll  common,  be 
caufe  the  corn  being  lb  bury'il  deep,  is  the 
beti-  r  prcferveil  from  the  hungry  (mall  birds, 
whereof  there  are  here  incredible  nun.birs, 
and  often  pick  up  the  corn,  jufl  as  it  begins 
to  flioot  out  .ibove  llie  giound,  wliicli  1, 
more  ealily  done  out  of  the  furrows. 

The  feed-time  \-^  alio  a  time  of  fe.-.fling  ,?,,,/ ,,,„ 
one  another,  much  after  the  manner  of  the  ""'Ajr- 
liii.ki  on  the  gold-coafl,  to  which  I  icfci  *'.''■ 
the  reader.     Such  is  ihefertihiy  of  the  toil, 
that  ihc'   h.irveft  for  millet  is  in  Seplfinbir. 


a 


H'omtn 

If  in  iinJ 


Bhiti^e. 


CHAP.     IV. 

An  account  of  the  grain,  call  d  millet -,  hovi  they  gather  And  keep  it.  Oftheme- 
chanicks,  as  '•Reavers,  potters,  fjhcnHcn,  bUickfmiths,  and  fuddkrs.  Of 
trade  in  general  i  of  the  Y^nch  trade ,  ofthecujtomsdiietotheking,  and  his 
officers  i  of  the  goods  purchafed  by  the  FicikIi,  and  the  Hi'.ropcan  commodities 
they  exchange  for  them  i  of  the  proper  markets  held  for  trade.  Of  the  parti- 
cular trade  of  the  French  company  along  the  banks  of  the  river  Senega,  and 
luhence  the  iihcks  fetch  the  commodities  they  fell  to  the  Whites. 


shape  of 


Here  pre- 
fer ie.i. 


Hjrvtfl. 


Tithe  the 


Millet. 

THE  foil  being  fo  extraordinary  fertile, 
as  has  been  laid,  the  millet  very  foon 
fproutsout,in  a  ftrait  reed, with  many  leaves  j 
bringing  forth,  in  lefs  than  two  months, 
cars  of  twelve  inches  in  length,  looking  at  a 
dilfance  inuch  like  the  heads  of  bull-ruflics. 
'i'hegiain  is  rather  longiflithan  round,  much 
like  the  coriander-feed. 

WhiKl  the  cars  are  growing  up  to  matu- 
rity, they  caufe  the  LoK^an  or  field  to  be 
guarded  by  their  boys  and  girls,  or  llavcs, 
to  drive  away  the  mighty  fwarms  of  Imall 
birds,  which,  as  has  been  obferved,  dopcfter 
the  country,  and  without  that  care  would 
devour  all  the  grain  ;  as  alfo  to  prevent  its 
being  flolen. 

When  the  harveft-time  is  come,  they  cut 
tiie  corn  with  an  iron  tool,  like  a  little  bill, 
or  hook,  call'd  Sarpc,  which  is  fold  thenj 
by  tlie  French.  Then  they  let  it  lie  a  month 
on  the  ground  to  dry,  and  then  bind  it  up 
in  flieaves,  and  fo  houfe  it  under  Initts  m.ide 
for  thar  purpofe,  or  elfe  lay  it  up  in  iVacks, 
which  they  cover  with  flraw  or  reed,  to  keep 
it  dry  1  cnclofing  the  (lacks  with  thorns  or 
boughs  of  palm-trees,  to  prevent  its  being 
peck'd  by  their  hens  and  poultry,  which  are 
very  numerous. 

When  they  are  to  ufe  it,  the  threfliing  is 
in  the  Hime  manner  as  ispraftifed  in  Englaml 
for  wheat ;  after  paying  the  tithe  to  the 
king,  or  his  colledlors,  for  the  ground-rent. 
Thofe  who  have  more  millet  than  will  fervc 
their  family,  may  fell  it  to  whom  they  pleafe; 
but  this  feidom  happens,  for  no  care  being 
fulficienc  to  prevent  the  birds  nuking  walk* 


in  their  fields,  or  the  thieves  from  ftcaling, 
and  they  being  themfclves  naturally  carclef'; 
and  lazy  at  h.uveft-time,  it  very  often  hap- 
pens that  what  harveft  they  have  got  in,  falls 
fhort  to  maintain  them  thv  ear  about:  fb 
that  they  are  forced  to  feed  on  fbmc  Ibrts  of 
inlipid  black  roots,  which  they  dry  for  the 
better  keeping  of  them.  One  of  thefe  Ibrts 
is  call'd  Certtol. 

Their  (loth  and  negligence  in  looking  well  rml,.,n 
after  their  corn,  fbmetimes  occafions  a  fa- "'""•<':•' 
mine  among  them,  as  has  been  oblerv'd  be-""' 
lore.       Yet    btfides   t!ie    millet,     tlicy    fow 
AL'iz  or  Indian  wheat ;  as  alio  rice  in  fome 
jilaces :    but  the  quantity   is  very   inconfi- 
derablc,    notwithilanding  it  was   plentiful 
among  them  in  fbimcr  times. 

Before  I  enter  upon  their  mechanick?,  iGeeJ 
mull  take  notice,  that  the  B/ncks  about  the  '"■"''^"'-  ''■ 
river  Gamldii  and  S,-iieg:j,  and  Cabo  Ferdt-, 
are  nice  fliooters  and  hunters  j  tlio'  mod  of 
them  ufe  only  bows  and  arrows,  with  which 
they  dexteroufly  kill  Hags,  hares,  Phit.uhi 
heiis,  partriilges,  and  any  other  fort  of  game. 
Tliofe  who  live  far  up  the  inland,  are  not  lb 
expert  w'-  this  cxercile,  nor  do  they  to  much 
delight  in  it. 

The  Weavers 
A  R  E  tlie  moft  numerous  among  the  mc-  T/f;' 
chanicks,  and  wcnikl  make  very  good  *■•'"• 
clotli  had  they  large  looms  •,  but  they  wholly 
apply  themfelves  to  weaving  of  a  narrow, 
thick,  (Iriped  cotton-cloih,    fevcn  or  eight 
fingers  bro.id,  and  about  two  ells  and  a  half 
long,  in'Tmill  portable  looms,    made  for 
[iiat     p'lrpofL'.        1  iiey    afterwards    flitcl. 

tO'jether 


Awhir 
fort. 


Vulgat 
iTtr. 


i 
\ 
t 

t( 
ir 

Oi 

T 

th 

rel 

n 

J 

clo 
cot 
cal 
den 

pla 

ye 

ant 


V.infl, 
nuJt  of 
tUj. 


muc 
ba, 
over 
muc 
fire. 
The 
but  I 
toba 
T 
boil 
wine 
drink 
platti 

WOOt 

clean 
they 
to  wli 
wood 
fmok 
Vo 


I. 


)0K 

,\v 

.1. 

It 

.\w 

ds. 

TS, 

,ins 

1  i> 


inf,  s-f./  ^'■'» 

.•ll-l*'-"- 

foil, 

a- 


Chap.  4. 


<?/Nigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


41 


U'omm 
ffiii  *»i 


Bhieilj' 


?tne- 
Of 
dbis 
itties 
arti- 
,  and 


n  hap- 
in,  falls 
Duc:  I'o 
forts  of 
for  the 
;fe  forts 

np;  well  I"'' ■■" 


Aitlhir 
(ott. 


Vulgar 
ttrer. 


ttnti 


|rv 
u-y 


few 


in  lome 

liiuonfi- 

■Untiful 

Inlck?,  IG«»-' 
3oatthc'"-"^''" 
1,9  Ferdf,^ 
moft  of 
|th  which 
P'tnt.nUi 
lofg.imc 
|re  not  fo 
lb  much 


•the  mc-7t';' 
try  ROO>r 
ley  wholly 
|i  n.irrow, 
1  or  cighi 
■uul  a  half 
Im^Jc  for 
3s    ft  itch 
together 


V.  infil, 
muile  of 
lUy. 


together  fix,  feven,  or  eiglit  of  tliofs  narrow 
(liiJsto  make  a  cloth  or  Panho,  as  tliey  liave 
Icarneil  to  tall  it  from  ihePortKgiirfi. 

The  women  and  their  daughters  drcfs  the 
cotton,  then  fpin  and  dye  it  in  indigo,  for 
tlieir  ftripidclotlis.  This  colour  iscxtra(5t..'d 
from  the  juicy  ieir-cs  of  a  bufh  they  call 
7'inlo,  fomcwhat  rcfcmbling  wall-rue.  Tliey 
gather  thcfe  leaves  early  in  the  morning,  iv"- 
tore  tile  dew  of  the  night  falls  olF,  and  tiien 
bruife  or  pounil  them  in  large  deep  wooden 
mortars.  When  fufficiently  beaten,  they 
make  rolls  or  balls  of  tiie  mafs  fo  bruifed  to- 
gctiier,  as  big  as  their  fills,  and  expofe  them 
to  the  fun  for  fome  days  to  dry.  Then  they 
pound  it  again,  and  put  it  into  a  pot,  which 
has  a  hole  in  the  bottom,  and  is  fill'd  up 
with  a  quantity  of  aflies  made  of  the  wooil 
of  tiie  lame  tree,  and  this  fet  within  another 
pot.  Then  for  fomc  time  they  pour  clear 
ipring  water  over  the  afhes,  whicii  by  de- 
grees penetrates  auite  tiiroiigh  into  the  uniler 
pot  i  and  this  being  repeated,  as  often  as  is 
thought  requifite,  they  fet  the  under  pot  fur 
ten  days  in  the  fun,  which  thickens  the  liquor 
in  it,  like  cream,  the  top  whereof  they  take 
off  gently,  and  with  it  dye  as  with  imliijo. 
The  grofs  matter  that  remains  in  tiie  pot, 
they  throw  away. 

Some  fay,  they  make  another  blue  of  for- 
rel-roots,  boiled  with  the  white  fap  of  the 
Tiitto  tree. 

It  is  to  be  obferv'd,  that,  tho*  all  the 
cloths  barter'd  in  tiiis  part  of  Nigritia  or  the 
country  of  the  Blacks,  are  by  moft  Eurojeins 
call'd  Cabo  defile  clotiis,  that  is  an  improper 
denomination,  they  being  wove  in  feveral 
places,  all  about  the  country,  from  C.th 
/-Vn/fto  Gambia  river,  and  fold  atdill'crcnt 
and  diltant  markets. 

Tbe  Potters 

pRepare  their  clay  much  after  the  fime 
•*  manner  as  ours  do  i  but  their  clay  is 
much  better,  as  are  their  moulds,  or  elfc  they 
bake,  or  burn  it  longer  in  their  kilns  or 
ovens:  for  their  pots  will  boil  fifli  or  ilclh 
much  quicker  than  any  of  ours  upon  r.n  equal 
fire,  and  are  not  fo  apt  to  break  r."  crack. 
They  make  no  oth ..  Liuiiriis  of  their  clay 
but  pots,  pipkins,  jars,  of  feveral  fizcs,  and 
toba  :co-pipe  heads  or  bowls. 

The  pots  ferve  them  inrtcad  of  kettles  to 
boil  filh  or  flefh,  and  to  keep  their  palm- 
wine  and  oil ;  and  the  jars  to  keep  their 
drinking  water :  for  they  make  no  didirs  or 
platters  of  earthen-ware ;  but  only  large 
wooden  bowls  to  wadi  their  hands  in,  or 
cleanfe  themfelves.  The  tobacco-pipe  hp.ads 
they  make  of  that  clay,  are  pretty  big  •,  in- 
to which  they  ftick  a  longer,  or  a  Ihorter 
wooden  pipe,  as  every  one  fancies,  and  fo 
fmoke  their  tobacco. 

Vol.  V. 


lUnnoT. 

ARE  indifferent  numerous  at  Riif.fco  or 
■^*'  K'u  I')c'iio,  and  other  places  along  the 
coaft,  and  the  Sciaga  river.  Thole  who  ply  ndr 
fifhing  in  the  fea,  go  out  fomctimts  three  *w" 
hands  in  an  y////;rt..«V  or  canoe,  carrying  two 
fmall  malts,  with  each  of  them  two  liitL 
fails,  and  fometimes  three,  in  imitation  ot 
great  (hips,  with  main-fail  ^  top-laih,  and 
top-gallant-fails.  In  thefe  eanoes  they  will 
launch  three,  four,  and  live  leagues  to  fea, 
it  the  weather  be  not  v.iy  boillerous. 

They  generally  lit  out  in  the  morning 
with  tiie  land-breeze,  and  having  done  ihur 
fifliery,  return  ai  nomi  \vit!i  the  lia-bret  ze  : 
or  if  the  wind  fails  thLin,  and  it  proves  very  u  •  ih-j 
calm,  they  row  for  ic,  witii  a  fort  of  fliort,""'- 
pointed,  flat  fliovjls,  one  on  each  fide;  and 
that  fo  fwiftly,  that  the  belt  pinnae,  tiu/ 
ever  fo  well  mann'd,  will  find  it  a  haul 
task  to  over;ake  them. 

TIkI'c  Ahuadt,  s  or  canoes  are  generally  Almadies 
about  thirty  foot  long,  and  tightei.i  .orMBen. 
twenty  inches  liroad,  all  ot'one  entire  piti-. , 
biingthe  hollow'd  trunk  of  a  large  loft  fee, 
and  will  carry  tin  or  twelve  men,  but  lie 
very  i'ubjeik  to  ovi.rlt;t  when  the  water  is 
rough,  or  they  croud  too  mueii  fail  ■,  which 
is  no  great  trouble  to  tiicm,  fur  the  Blacks 
are  fuch  expert  and  able  fwimmcrj,  that  they 
foon  fet  them  upright  again,  tho'  out  at  fea  \ 
then  lade  out  the  water,  and  flipping  in  nim- 
bly,  perform  their  little  voyage. 

I  lliall  have  occafion  in  the  fcquel  of  this 
dclcription  of  Guinea,  and  the  Lower  Ethi- 
ojia,  to  give  a  farther  .iccount  of  thele  e;inoes 
ufed  by  the  Blacks  wheHi---  threat  or  fmall, 
and  tlir  m.iiiiier  ol  m.iking  them  all  of  one 
piece  of  timber;  and  therLfure  at  prefent  will 
only  aad  fume  few  reni.i;ks,  coiici  rningthis 
fort  of  viflcls,  .iiid  fluw  that  tiicy  have  been 
an  inv,  n  iu.i  of  a  vtv  .mcieiit  d.te,  and  com- 
mon to  almoll  all  nations  of  tlie  known 
world,  who  being  under  a  iiectflay  of  cruf- 
fiiig  over  rivers  or  lakes,  before  tlie  biiiklinj^ 
citlier  of  fliips  or  Ijoats  wa.-.  found  out,  firit 
bound  toffetiicr  re.tls  or  c  ,n:  s,by  wlucii  they 

made  afliiftto  w.dLthc'id' Iv  sover.   Others  .„,.    ., 

1,-1  L-         1         1     1         1     ^"'iqHiiy 

made  raltN  or  i.oatb  or  wtod,  and  others  de-  ofcumei. 

vifed  the  boat,  made  of  one  eiitiiC  tree,  and 

call'd  a  canoe,  which  w.is  ufed  by  the  Gauls 

upon  the  river  Rlxjh,;  wiien  they  afliltetl 

Hani'.tlal  in  pafiing  over  his  army  upon  liis 

expedition  into  Ita:\,  as  Livy  obkrves.     Pc- 

lydor  ^/V^i/affigiis  the  invention  of  canoes  to 

the  Germms,  inhabiting  about  the  Dannie  ; 

and  this  fort  of  hollow  trees  St.  Jjl Jon' caWs 

Carabes. 

The  Britons  had  boats  made  uf  willow- /(„.„, ,^ 

twigs,  and  covered  on  the  outfide  with  hu\-tmpuiul 

locks  hides,  as  had  alio  the  ^Iv.t- .';,/;«.     Tiie"'''"' 

drmani  had  the  fame,  and  in  St.  Jjiacn's 

M  days 


■J 


rj\^r.r 


4i 


A  Dcfcription  of  the  Coafts         Book  I. 


I': 


Jili 


W 


i  Ij, 


BARnoT.d.iys  committed  many  robberies  in   ihcm. 

*^V^^  Moft:  ciTt.iin  it  is,  that  the  Indians  of  Aine- 
rira  had  no  communication  with  any  of  thcfc 
nations,  and  yet  from  h'orbifljcr's  (heights  to 
thf  ftrciglits  of  Magellan,  fays  Sir  K^aller 
JialfigOy  in  his  difcourfe  of  the  invention  of 
fhipping,  p.  6.  thole  boats,  that  is,  the  ca- 
noes, are  found,  and  in  fome  parts  of  fuch  a 
length, that  he  has  feen  fomecarrying  20  oars 
on  a  fidev  wliich  I  have  feen  alfo  myfelf  in 
Guiana,  about  Ci;)r««c,  and  are  by  the  Indians 

P  rjguis.  there  callM  Pira(;i<as :  and  no  fewer  are  daily 
feen  along  the  gold  and  the  flavc  coafts  of 
Giitnat,  as  will  appear  in  the  progrels  of  this 
work.  All  nations,  how  remote  foever, 
being  rational  creatures,  and  having  the 
fame  ftrtngth  of  imagination,  have  invented 
the  fame  things  for  neceffiry  uIj,  according 
to  the  means  and  materials  nature  furniflies 
them  withi  and  it  is  likely  that  all  the  na- 
tions of  Africa  had  the  fame  notions  as  thofc 
in  other  parts  of  the  univerfe  to  prompt 
ihem  to  find  out  the  making  of  the  canoes 
they  ufe  •,  of  which  more  hereafter. 

i'hey  fifh  for  tlie  moft  part  with  hooks 
and  lines,  orelfe  withafortof  harping-irons, 
and  Ibme  with  ets  of  their  own  contriving  ; 
which,  as  well  as  the  lines,  are  made  of  the 
hairy  bark  of  a  tree,  fpun  into  thread.  Some 
alio  firti  in  the  night,  holding  in  one  hand  a 
long  burning  piece  of  a  combuftible  fort  of 
wood,  which  gives  a  good  light,  and  in  the 
otlier  a  harping-iron,  with  which  they  ftrike 
rhc  fifti,  as  they  naturally  come  fwimming 
about  the  light,  upon  the  furface  of  the  wa- 
ter. Others  there  are,  who  /hoot  at  the  fi(h, 
with  arrows,  .md  feldom  or  never  mifs. 


Sneritl 
WJfl  of 
Jijhmg. 


The  fea  here.iljout  il 


inunuing  very 


much 


Hirf'mg- 
irom. 


Stinking 
fi(l>  ad- 
mired. 


in  feveral  forts  of  fifti,  both  large  ;ii.a  fm.ill, 
and  particularly  ;;n  immenfe  quantity  of  little 
ones  like  pilchards,  it  is  rare  that  they  ever 
fail  of  taking  as  much  as  they  care  for.  If 
tiiey  happen  to  I'py  any  very  great  fifli, 
which  does  not  ule  to  bite  at  the  bait,  they 
are  fo  dexterous  at  the  !iarping-iron,  as  very 
feldom  to  fail  of  ftriking  it,  and  then  tow  it 
afhore  with  a  line  made  fail  to  the  ftern  of 
of  the  canoe. 

It  is  very  unaccountable  that  thefc  people, 
having  fuch  plenty  of  feveral  forts  of  large 
lilh,  will  not  drefs  it  whilft  frefh  and  fweet  •, 
but  let  it  lie  buried  in  the  fand,  along  the 
fhorc;  efjicciairy  the  pilchards,  as  I  fuppofe, 
to  give  it  a  better  relilh,  or  elfe  that  it  may 
keep  the  longer.  In  lliort,  whether  this  be 
any  particular  fancy  of  theirs,  or  that  the 
continual  violent  heac  immediately  corrupts 
it,  this  is  certain,  that  they  eat  none  but 
what  ftinks,  and  account  it  the  greater  dainty. 
To  inftance  fomewhat  more  particularly  as 
to  pilchards,  they  only  let  them  lie  fome 
days  buried  in  the  wet  briny  fand  along  the 
fhore,  and  perhaps  it  may  be  on  account  of 


itu  faltncfsi  but  afterwards  dig  up  and  ex- 
pod-  them  to  the  fun  tor  fome  time,  todryi 
and  thus  lay  them  up  in  their  huts,  wiiich  ire 
ail  the  day  like  lloves:  and  thus  tiiey  tluily 
cat  and  fell  them  to  the  inland  RUcks,  wiio 
come  down  to  buy  them,  to  fupply  the  coun- 
try-markets. I  have  Icen  whole cabbins,  or 
cottages,  full  of  thefe  dry  pilchards  at  Ru- 
ffco;  and  the  fandy  downs  before  it  next  the 
lea  fo  ftorcd,  that  there  was  an  intolerable 
ftench  about  the  place. 

They  rip  open  the  large  filh,  much  ".s  we 
do  our  cod,  and  fo  cover  it  witii  the  fait 
(and,  to  prevent  its  corrupting  ;  for  the  heat 
is  there  fo  violent  and  fcorcliing,  that  it  is 
impolTible  to  keep  any  fi(h  whatloever  fweet, 
above  live  or  fix  hours. 

The  Blacksmiths 
XJT  A  VE  no  particular  houl'e  or  (hop  to  fet  ^''i'- 

up  their  forge,  but  work  any  where 
under  fome  large  green  tree,  two  or  three 
ot  them  together,  with  each  of  them  a  pipe 
of  tobacco  in  his  mouth,  and  commonly  ei- 
ther ft.ind  on  the  fide  of  the  forge,  or  fit 
prating  by  it,  lb  that  very  little  work  is  done 
in  a  day.  The  forgeis  buf  indifferent  for  con- 
trivantc  ;  the  bellows  ingenious  enough,  ei-  BelUwi. 
ther  be  ween  two  boards,  or  fome  only  of 
flcins,  vhich  they  prcfs  with  their  hantls, 
like  a  blown  bliddcr.  The  anvil  is  (mail,  AnviL 
and  fo  oddly  fet  on  the  ground,  that  at  every 
five  or  fix  ftrokes  of  the  hammer,  it  finks, 
and  they  mult  raifc  it  again,  which  takes  up 
the  bcft  part  of  their  time.  They  ule  but 
one  (brt  of  hammer,  and  have  the  art  of  ma- 
king charcoal,  of  which  they  burn  very  lit- 
tle at  a  time  in  the  forge. 

They  have  no  grindftoncs,  properly  (o^'irini- 
LaliM  ro  turn  withawheil  or  otiierwile  •,/'""*■ 
but  whet  or  fharpen  their  tools  on  luch  large 
ftones  as  they  find  about,  or  with  little  one, 
much  as  is  ufed  by  the  mower^  in  iDgLind  to 
their  fcythes.  The  iron  bars  they  li.ivc  from 
the  factories,  andean  make  knives,  Ih.ickks 
forflaves,  gold  and  filver  bracelets,  .md  o- 
thersofbrals  and  iron;  knile-hafis,  hiks  for 
their  cutlaces,  cales  lor  their  Cri^ri's  or 
charms,  and  Iheaths  and  fcabbarcis.  Tlieir 
horfes  being  never  (hod,  there  are  no  farriers. 

TVjfSADLERS 

IIZORK  indiflerent neatly,  and  makefad- 
' '^    dies  of  all  fizes,  fcabbartls,    bridles, 
(andals,  (hitlds,  Gn^ri's,  quivers,  and  other 
fmall  things  for  their  ufe. 

Thofe  who  look  after  the  cattle,  drive  'em 
in  the  morning  to  the  pafture  grounds,  where 
they  wander  till  towards  night,  when  they 
drive  'em  back  to  their  enclofures  of  ree<ls 
or  thorns,  to  feeurethem  from  the  ravenous 
wild  bealls ;  as  is  the  ancient  praflice  of  both 
caftern  and  weftcrn  Arubs, 

Of 


Staftn 
IritJin 


lulanj 
irtit. 


turtfr, 

what 

nidi,. 


U»rktti, 


fol 

th 
k 
otj 

hid,,.       ini 


'Till  Sene- 

gj  tompn. 

"J- 

*  anl 

feal 


IookI. 


Chap.  4.  ofNigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


4? 


CX- 

i:ire 
.aly 
who 
oun- 

i.   Of 

K«- 

:tthc 
r.ible 

".s  '.ve 
c  f.ilt 
c  lie;it 
It  it  is 
I'wect, 


MofetF^i'- 

whtre 
»r  tliite 
I  ;i  I'iF 
only  ei- 

or  lit 
,  is  done 
tor  con- 
jgh,  ei-  B'"'»'- 

only  of 
r  lunils, 
is  fmall,  ^lil- 
;it  every 

it  links, 
I  takes  up 
jY  ule  buC 
rt  of  ma- 
1  very  lic- 

iperly  foN'-r'*'- 

iK-rvvue  1' 

Inch  large 

ictle  ones, 

^tuul  to 

.IVC  tVcMU 

lli.ickks 

.ii.cl  o- 

hikstor 

i.Yn'i   or 
Their 
10  farriers. 


make  fad- 
bridk's, 
and  other 

drive 'em 
nds,  where 
when  they 
;s  of  reals 
ravenous 

ice  of  both 


imfm  fir 
ir*Mng. 


InlnnJ 


Itrltr, 

wh»t 


i 


0/  Trade  «■«  general. 

THIS  is  the  employment  of  fomc  of  thofc 
who  dwell  near  the  fea,  and  trade  with 
the  fadlories,  and  generally  they  are  the 
chiefell:  among  the  Blacks,  The  proper  fca- 
fon  is  from  Odoher  till  May  ;  for  the  reft  of 
the  year  they  mull  lie  ftill  at  home,  becaulc 
of  the  continual  rains  and  foul  weather,  it 
being  then  imprafticablc  to  travel  either  by 
land  or  fea,  without  very  great  hardfliip  and 
danger. 

Befides  the  trade  with  the  Europeans  along 
the  coaft,  they  havefome  traffickup  tlie  in- 
land, and  proper  fettled  markets,  but  very 
inconfiderablo,  except  only  tliatof  Cri/«i«<Ji 
for  the  moll  they  carry  to  them  is  a  little 
cotton,  callico,  cloth  of  their  own  weaving, 
corn,  beans,  gourds,  palm-wine,  little  Ipades 
or  Ihovcis,  and  fomc  pieces  of  iron  half  a 
foot  long,  cut  off  the  bars.  However,  at 
fome  times  there  are  things  of  greater  value, 
as  gold  rings  and  ear-rings,  which  they  call 
Dou^arct,  but  the  whole  not  worth  thirty 
pounds  fterling. 

They  barter  or  exchange  one  commodity 
for  another,  as  not  having  theufe  of  coin  or 
money.  Thus  for  iron  bars,  bugles,  little 
glafs  baubles,  and  other  things  bought  at 
the  F'ench  factories,  they  purchafe  elephants 
teeth,  dry  or  green  bullocks  hides,  calves, 
goats,  and  deer-fkins,  bees-wax,  civet,  am- 
bergris, fait,  gold-duft,  oftrich  and  herons 
feathers,  tobacco,  gum  arabick,  cloths, 
millet,  cattle,  provifions,  isfc. 

The  market  of  CrtOT;«rf,  as  has  been  faid, 
is  pretty  confiderable  at  fome  times  for  dry 
and  green  hides,  the  country  cloths,  and  all 
forts  of  fuch  provifions  as  'hofe  parts  afford ; 
but  the  befl  green  hides  and  Haves -.i'-'"  «<>  i"^ 
had  at  Kujifco  and  I'orto  li'Alt,  and  in  greater 
plenty.  At  Jamefil  and  Geroep  markets 
there  are  country  cloths,  tobaccc,  flaves, 
horfes,  camels,  and  other  forts  of  cattle. 
The  market  of  'Jameftl  is  kepteveiy  other 
fourth  day,  which  they  call  Gamhayur,  and 
there  is  the  Mia-^aramta  or  collector  c*"  the 
king  of  Baool,  who  receives  his  cuftoms  and 
other  duties. 
ctitlfoJ  The  people  about  CahoVerde  trade  mod 
hidis.  in  cattle  they  fetch  from  a  great  way  up  the 
inland.buying  them  there  in  the  markcts,and 
then  fattening  in  their  own  parture  grounds-, 
but  moft  of  the  bullocks  hides  come  from 
the  inland,  where  they  kill  oxen  only  for 
the  hides,  which  they  dry,  and  carry  them 
to  the  French  faftories,  at  Senega,  Gncree  and 
Camina  ;  and  to  the  Englijh  at  Gambia, 


U»r%tts, 


Of  the  French  Trade  in  particular. 
lie  Rene-  "T"  H  E  French  company  has  at  prefent  the 
,\tom(»-    *■    fole  trade  from  Seuega  rwcr  to  Juala, 
and  even  as  far  as  the  river  Gambia,  both  by 


■P>i 

s 

"i 


Of 


fea  and  land,  under  the  denomination  of  the 


Senegi^nm\nr\y,  ar.d  enjoys  it  to  the  exciu- nAmioT. 
fion,  not  only  of  any  other  European  na-  ^"O^"^ 
tion,  but  of  all  the  other  lubjeds  of  France, 
as  their  charter  docs  cxprcfs;  and  by  the 
treaty  the  laid  company  has  made  with  the 
kings  of  the  country,  for  which  privilege  ic 
is  liable  to  certain  cuftoms,  duties,  and  fees 
to  tholt:  bl;'ck  j)rinces  and  their  officers,  as 
fli:'ll  be  farther  fhown  hereafter. 

'I'his  Senega  company  has  there  two  princi-  linirftrii. 
pal  places  of  fome  flrength  to  fecure  its  com- 
merce and  fervants,  licing  the  rtfidcnces  of 
their  chief  agents,  the  one  in  the  ifland  of 
St.  /.cwis,  near  the  moiali  cf  tiic  laid  river  j 
the  other  at  Goeree  before  mt'ition'd.  Thefe 
are  the  general  llorehoufes  or  magazines  for 
the  goods  they  carry  to  trade  with  the  Blacks, 
and  thofo  they  purchafe  of  tliem  inexchange ; 
but  that  of  Senega  is  the  chicfcft. 

They  have  alio  fc  vcral  fmall  fliftories  a-  r.utorltt. 
long  the  coaft,  as  at /^ ((/('( ij,  Camina,  Juala, 
Gamboa,  (sc.  wlnchih'.:  French  c.\\\('oi/i/t'.iirs 
or  Loges ;  all  of  tliem  fupply'd  from  the  a- 
forcfaid  two  of  Scnci^a  and  Goeree.  Their 
trade  along  the  river  Senega  is  manag'd  by 
floops  they  fend  up  that  river  at  certain  pro- 

fer  feafons  of  the  year,  as  I  ftiall  fhew  at 
irgc  in  another  place. 

The  Customs, 

llfHICH  the  Sene^i:a  company  pays  to 
' ''    the    black  kings,   and  fees  to  their 
ofiiccrs,  are  of  two  forts,  inward  and  out- 
ward.    The  inward  duties  at  Senega  river 
amount  to  lo  per  cent,  of  goods  in  leafon  or 
outoffeafon,  asthcy  call  tliem.   Thole  for  Many  Ju.- 
exportation  are  rerkoncJ  thus,  one  bar  of""  W 
iron  fr..-.iflave,  a  hundred  hides  in  the  thou-/'"^^''* 
fand,  befidcs  Ibme  petty  fees  to  the  Alcaides,  '■""" 
Geriifos,  captainsof  wood  and  water,  which 
amount  to  3  per  rent,  and  are  trouhlefome 
enough  to  dil'chargc,  being  paid  at:  leveral 
times  and    places,    and  in  lunvlry   lorts  of 
goods,  which  would  be  too  tedious  particu- 
larly to  mention  here ;  but  as  an  inftance, 
at  Botibiinicur/,  befides  the  great  duty  to  tlie 
king,  they  pay  to  C.iWt'/://iw  the  viceroy  of 
the  J'aiilc!,    the  cullom  whicii  is  call'd  The 
gift  of  the  G.rafos  ;  another  Le  ban  jour  de 
Sillatic,  or  good  morrow  to  S:ilatic  ;  ano- 
ther Le  bon  jour  de  Camelingu'- ;    another  a- 
gain,  Li  cotitunw  de  Parmier,  or  the  king's 
wife's  cuftom  •,    as  alio  Le  bon  jour  de  Par- 
mier -,  and  lallly  L\idieii  de  Sillatic. 

It  is  to  be  obferv'd  that  when  the  French 
pay  thefe  cuftoms,  they  receive  Irom  the 
viceroy,  the  king's  wife,  x\\Q.'JiigiU\f\  and 
Camelinguc\  wife,  from  each  one  bullock. 

In  1677,  the  company  wa.s  oMig'd,  ht-Toti'mi 
fides  the  great  cuffoms  to  king  Darnel,  to '^''"'' 
pay  feveral  fmallcr  to  the  /llcnidc,  to  Biram- 
Sangue,  to  Goyongo,  to  the  receiver,  to  the 
mafter  of  the  wocd,  to  Jam-Barre,  to  the 

mafter 


44 


A  Description  of  the  Coajis 


Book  I. 


Buk. 


CO, 


Dariiot  nwAer  of  the  oyftcr-fhclh,  to  liis  Itcwanl, 
^^V^'  .in>l  I  lie  lUii  jour  ti)  IXimel. 
rhtttttn  To  tlic  KrtMt  Ih-.ik,  hrliilcs  his  ciiftoms, 
that  of  Cfl/i/i./,i-,illM /)a«i,  to  the  In-cr-ilrivir, 
to  MtKt/l,  to  the  /iUaiilr,  to  MuJl.iJ.i,  to 
C;:<\aii,iiii,  to  Miimhrozc,  ami  iinothcr  l>is 
fdlow-ltTV.wU.  Till  re  i»  another  due  p.iiil 
to  firrt*,  tailM  the  cuftom  for  the  river  ot 
the  Pottii^Ufffy  during  the  li'afon  \  and  an- 
other for  the  fimc  river,  tailed  the  (uf- 
tom  out  ol  fealon.  The  loriner  pan!  to 
one  du  IhifU  and  hi^  'higaraf:  \  tlie  otiier 
equal  to  ir,  to  iiiftirjuf,  the  AUfulwiil  of 
S.id<-m  on  that  river  i  to  Dun-moy  mailer 
ot  the  village,  to  le'-  the  hides  lonvryM  fate 
troin  tliole  two  places ;  as  alio  another  to 
Iku'juiolofon  the  fame  account.  Tliis  linut-- 
ptiolofh  thechief  ofa  certain  territory,  then 
to  /i>'/,:l>e  and  his  Jnrr.gdf,'  •,  liut  he  is  to 
give  a  bullock  in  return.  There  i>  Ik  fides, 
the  cullom  due  w  S,imb.tma!a  chief  of  the 
village  /f  Ttrtoir  Koii^c;  anil  to  his  wife. 
This  cullom  is  only  two  ibtlis  ot  Siib.i  .uid 
Balan,  and  Ihe  returns  a  Dulloek.  Anotlier 
duty  is  to  be  difchani'd  to  one  Gueri^.ilngc, 
chief  in  the  rivr   yjumj'' 

The  cullon  .at  Riififo  .i:  •^  due  to  tlie  Al- 
caiilr",  his  lerv.nr,  ihc  JioJ  mat  andhisniani 
to  Bir.im  tlie  .1lcaidi:\  Ion  -,  ti  the  gnat  in- 
terpreter and  his  man-,  the  Gerafo  or.ollcc- 
tor  and  his  man  •,  to  capuin  Corili,  to  1a- 
gour  in  the  room  of  David  Doche,  ami  to 
Dom  ////.v.  Another  fee  is  due  to  thi'  /llcaide 
when  he  comes  aboard  a  (liip,  and  to  the 
gre.it  interpreter.  I'his  coils  fifty  bottle.s 
of  mix'd  brandy,  bcfides  I'onu'  meat,  and 
to  eacli  mefs  of  the  l-'rippoTf,  or  common 
fcountircl  bl.icks,  one  bottle  of  brandy,  a 
dilh  of  cod-filh,  ami  a  r.ition  of  hiUuit. 
For  the  guarti  of  the  little  ifland  and  anciio- 
rage,  four  bars  of  iron  and  two  bottles  of 
brandy.  1  he  cuftoms  at  Pirto  d'A'.i  and 
y/«j/(/  h,ive  been  alrc.idy  mentioned  in  their 
refpcftive  places. 

For  the  conveniency  of  trade  between  the 
Fr.-nch  at  the  S:'iu'i;d  and  the  natives,  .dl  Jm- 
r(7/^a« goods  are  red'.ic'''  toa  certain  llamlard, 
'i'iz.  hides,  bars,  anil  (laves  •,  for  the  better 
undcrllanding  whereof,  I  here  give  I'ome  in- 
flances.  One  bar  ot  iron  is  reckoned  woitli 
eight  liiiies  -,  one  cutlace  the  fame ;  one 
clurter  of  biiglc,weighing  four  poumls  ,ind  ,i 
quarter,  three  hides  •,  one  bunch  of  falle 
pearls,  twenty  hides  •,  one  bunch  of  Gnilel, 
four  hides ;  one  hogfhead  ot  brandy,  (rom 
a  hundred  and  fifty  to  an  hundred  and  fixty 
hides.  Bugles  are  the  very  fmall  glafs 
beads,  mollly  made  at  Venice,  and  fold  in 
firings  and  clufVers, 
>l(Go«rec.  At  Gonec  the  fame  goods  bear  not  quite  fo 
good  a  r.ice  ;  as  for  example,  a  hogrtieati  of 
brandy  brings  but  an  hundred  andforty  hides ; 
one  pound  of  gunpowder,  two  hides ;  one 
piece  of  eight,  five  hides  i  one  ounce  of  co- 


Kttn  if 
goiidi  *t 
bencga. 


ral,  fi  vi  nor  eight  hides  i  one  ounce  of  cry  f- 
tal,  one  hide  V  an  ounce  ot  yellow  amber, 
two  hides. 

A  fl.ive  cods  from  twelve  to  fourteen  barsi/awj. 
ol  iron,  ami  lometimes  fixtn-n ;  at  Porto d' /I- 
li,  eighteen  or  twenty  i  and  much  more  at 
Gaml'i/a;  acconling  to  the  number  of /i«/r(i/iM« 
fliips,  h'rettih,  En^l'Jh,  Purtuj^ii,Je,.\nM)uuh, 
which  hapjKii  to  be  there  at  the  fame  time. 
The  b.ir  ot  iron  is  rated  at  fix  hidri. 

Hctbre  I  proceed  upon  the  matter  in  hand,  Tnfmti  it 
I  c.mnot  liut  lake  notice  ol  thecutloui  whieh^'""'' 
h.is  prevailM  in  this  country,  and.dl  otlurs 
in  Guinea,  Elbinpia,  and  the  EllJl-ln,lie^ ;  and 
is,  that  no  perlon  can  l)e  well  admitted  to 
the  audience  of  any  prince,  or  cvm  to  tiieir 
interior  otficers,  without  m.iking  way  by  a 
prelent,  A  certain  author  tells  us,  thele  are 
tlie  means  taught  by  nature  to  g.iin  favour 
and  alflxtion.  The  fame  that  i'.  now  in  ufe 
all  over //r;/V.;,  w.is  formerly,  ami  is  lUll 
pradlifed  among  the  callern  n.itions,  and  as 
much  among  the  Jew  as  any  otlier. 

Goods  for  Trade. 
OFfides  thofe  mentioned  above,  which  are  European 
^  the  moll  llaplecommoditiis,  the /)v//i /.)'''"»'»«*- 
import  common  red,  blue,  and  Icarlei  cloth,""' 
filvcr  .md  l)r.d>-  rings,  or  bracelets,  ch.dns, 
little  bells,  tal/L'cryilal,  ordinary  ami  co.irfe 
hits' i-Dtt lib  pointed  knives,  pewter  ililhcs, 
filk  fafhcs,  with  falfe  golil  and  fiiver  Iringesj 
blue  fcrgcs  ■,  l-'rcntb  paper,  fleets  to  llrikc 
fire  i  Eii£;lifi>  fayes  ■,  Roan  linnen,  l.ilam- 
poris,  platillies,  blue  callicocs,  tafFaties, 
chints,  Cfttr/jor  fliclls,  by  the  /''rencb  cal- 
led Bufgri,  coarfe  north  red  corils  called 
Burt',  lines,  flioes,  fullian,  red  worflcd  cajis, 
worfled  fringe  of  all  colours,  worded  of  all 
<.wloiir«  ill  fkciiis,  l).i foils  of  feveral  fi/.es, 
br.ils  kettles,  yeiiow  anitier,  iii.iceatoiis,  that 
is  be.uls  of  two  forrs,  pieces  of  eight  of 
the  old  damp,  lome  lilver  pieces  ot  2. S  lols 
value,  cither  plain  or  gilt  ;  D:<t(b  cutlaccs, 
ftraic  and  liow'd,  clouts,  gatet,  imrtotdcs, 
two  other  forts  of  beads,  of  which  the  IVatks 
make  neckl.ices  for  women,  white  liigar, 
nuilket  balls,  iron  n.iils,  fhot,  white  ami 
red  Irize,  looking-glaiTes  in  gilt  and  plain 
frames,  cloves,  cinnamon,  fi  ilTors,  needles, 
coarfe  thread  of  fumlry  colours,  but  chiefiy 
red,  yellow,  anti  white,  copper  bars  of  a 
pountl  weight,  fcrrit;  mens  diirts,  coarfe  and 
line,  fome  of  them  with  bone-lace  about 
the  neck,  bread  and  fieeves  ;  ILhrlcm  cloths; 
Coafveld  linnen  ;  Dutcb  mugs,  white  and 
blue  ;  Leydtn  rugs,  or  blankets ;  Sp,ini/b 
leather  (hoes,  br.ifs  trumpets,  roumi  p.id- 
locks,  glafs  bottles,  with  a  tin  rim  at  the 
mouth,  empty  trunks,  or  duds,  and  a  fort 
of  bugle  called  Pezant  \  but  above  all,  as 
was  faid  above,  great  quantities  of  brandy, 
and  iron  in  bars.  Particularly  at  Goerett 
the  company  imports  ten  thoul'und  or  more 

every 


iDinmnli. 
till. 


Itan. 


Firjjorj 
utin. 


\ 

J 

l\ 

W 

te 

ot 

re 


aiu 
nil 
Ga 


I  'I 
da 
teeij 
dm 


"'•>"■  IM- 


(in, 
the 
mi 
-I/. 

KK' 

'J 

ii  IK 

a  h'( 

fV) 
and 

(h., 

I 
l.iij'i 

V 


Chap.  4.         of  Nigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


I  li;irsjAii(ti. 

irc  ;it 
'Ope  an 

lillK'. 


h.inci,  f"/""/  '• 
whici/'""*'' 


li'uh  i^r^"  European 

chains, 
ml  I  oarle 
•r  illftics, 
r  triiigesi 

to  UriUc 
1,  t.il.im- 

taff-itics, 
•■(neb  c;il- 
tls  cilUd 

[llll  C.l\)S, 

l\r\('t  .ill 
111   fi/tS 
tons,  that 
'  tit^ht  of 
ot  zS  lols 

CUtl.UCi, 

In.uioldes 
t!u:  /;.'.*. *f 
It  •  U\\j,xr% 
lito    anil 
,tnd  Jil.iin 
.  nif'llfS 
[lut  cliicrty 
bars  of  a 
lo.iifc  and 
lace  abouc 
\h-m  clotl\s  i 
Iwhitc  and 
apMiJh 
[ounil  pad- 
Iriin  at  the 
and  a  fort 
we  all,  as 
of  brandy, 
;it  Coerect 
,nd  or  inorc 
every 


Af'icin 

itmmtili- 

sill. 


II  ylc 


mm. 


every  year,  of  thofc  which  arc  made  in  the 
province  of  Bniuiiy,  .ill  fliort  and  ihin, 
which  iJ  lalltil  in  London  narrow  Hat  iron, 
or  half  lilt  iron  of  Snurden  \  iiut  each  bar 
Ihortncd,  or  cut  olV  at  one  end  to  alxjiit 
i(>  or  18  inches  I'o  that  about  ei^ltty  of 
thefe  bars  weigiia  ton,  or  twenty  hundred 
weight  Eiiglijh.  It  is  to  be  ohicrv'd,  that 
liuli  voyayc-iron,  as  called  in  Lomlon,  ii  the 
only  lort  and  fi/x  ulal  tiiruu^rhout  all  Ni- 
gri  I,  Ciiintj,  and  ir,iji-li!hii}pi,i,  in  tl»e 
way  of  trade.  l..iftly,  a  good  nuaiitity  of 
Co{^'!  ic  brandy,  both  in  houfheads  and  rund- 
lets,  lingL"  and  double,  tlie  double  being 
eight,  tlu-  fitigk-  lour  gallons. 

riic  j/rincip.d  goods  the  Frt-ncb  have  in 
return  for  thefe  commodities  from  the  Moors 
and  fi/u.ii,  are  flavcs,  K<>ld-du(l,  elephants 
teeth,  bees-wax,  ilry  ancTgnen  liiik.'.,  gum- 
ardiic  k,  ollriili  (I'.itheis,  and  (ever.  I  other 

0  I  I  tliiii(.5s,  as  ambergris,  tods  of  mu(k, 
t/jVrs  .iiid  goats /kins,  provifions,  bullocks, 
lluip,  .ind  tci:th  of  lea-iiorles.  I  will  now 
mention  lome  of  the  particular  places  where 
the  Fremb  trade,  or  whence  the  B'Mks  bring 
goods  10  their  tadories. 

Places  ryTftADE,  rtw^TRADiNoARAns. 
AT  lL'yi,\  a  town  of  about  ^oo  comhcts, 
•'*  or  hoLiles  feated  on  the  north-Tide  of 
the  river  Siiiaj^ii,  there  is  a  traile  for  ele- 
phants ceetit,  and  fome  gold-dull  •,  and  if 
we  may  bilieve  the  Froiih,  they  have  cx- 
teiuk'd  their  trade  beyond  the  dominions 
ot  Sil.'aliik  or  Cbi'yratui;  bting  eight  de- 
grees dillance  eaft  and  well  from  the  b'rci:ch 
rcfi.iente,  in  the  ifland  of  o'/.  Z.i'«;.'j,  to  tlu- 
country  which  they  call  the  Furgoti  and 
F.H^'ie'.itiuK  lying  above  250  leagues  from 
th  •  aforefaid  f.nitory  in  St.  Lewis's  iflan.!. 
Tli'ife  peepic  no  way  ililTcr  from  the  /-u.v.Vi  •, 
and  there  the  Fi\.nch  have  built  a  findl  fort, 
mounttd  with  eiglit  guns,  at  a  place  called 
da  If  III,  or  GiiLiiiia,  120  leagues  higher  up 
the  country  ih.m  the  I'criter-rougc,  of  which 

1  Ih.dl  fpeak  in  its  place.  There  they  buy 
fl.ives  ill  co'ilidernble  numbers,  elephants 
t.eth,  and  bees-wax,  which  they  convey 
down  to  their  taclory  every  year. 

Hy  the  F,iigo!s  live  other  nations,  on  the 
fouih-fide  ot  the  Seiuga,  viz.  the  Ca/f.ws, 
the  Mii'ir.copL's,  and  the  SaracdcS  almolV 
niix'd  together :  thefe  laft  Ji/nna/i?;,  whom 
M trmv!  iiim.s  Saingolcs,  call  the  riv.i  6V- 
>: licit.  Code. 

The  Frcn.b  firthcr  inform  us,  that  were 
it  not  for  tlie  gr.Mt  water-fall  of  the  river, 
a  little  above  GalLm,  or  Galamii,  they  might 
[V>  much  higher  up  the  faid  river,  to  Cah-a, 
and  Tombiit,  and  even  into  the  great  lake 
Siii/wc's,  or  Guiirda  \  of  which  l.ike  more 
111. ill  be  laid  in  the  fupplement. 

I'rom  Jarin^em,  Saiador,  and  B<icie\ 
l.irge  towns  among  the  wcltcrn  FouUst  and 

Vol.  V. 


4? 

from  the  7'errier-rot)j(e,  by  the  Fn^l'/h  called  Bardivt. 
R,d  boiouj^b, from  Ueriboien,  and  the Dcjiirt, ^^V^* 
other  large  towns  among  the  wcftern  Foules  i 
and  in  the  lands  of  ////,  on  the  north-fide 
of  the  Senif^a,  ot  white  river  v  at  Ibme  times 
ol  the  year,  they  letch  great  {quantities  of 
giim-arabick,and  fome  ambergris,  which  the 
Jrtili,  or  /tzger  Ahon  bring  thither  to  mar- 
ket, from  5  or  600  leagues  ilillance :  that 
is,  from  the  inner  /.v//.;,  upon  caniils, oxen, 
and  horles,  or  on  ti\e  backs  of  (laves  i  and 
p.irticularly  to  I trrur-totivi; or lii-il-boroitf^b, 
and  the  Defarty  about  the  latter  end  of  A/d^. 
The  Di-furt  is  on  the  north-fide  ot  this  river, 
vulgarly  called  the  A/ir/  oi  R,irbar)\  and 
by  theA/oorr/Zi  inhabitants  /hj^or,  on  account 
of  its  marfliy  groumls,  a  confiderable  way 
up  the  inland.  Some  ciU  this  town  of  the 
delart  Ingurlid. 

The  goods  proper  to  purrhafe  gum-ara- c««». 
bick,  ot  which  the  French  bring  away  thence  «'*'«*■ 
five  thoufand  quintals,  or  hundred  weight 
yearly,  are  brafs  kettles,  and  bafons,  yellow 
amber  in  the  lump,  blue  and  white  mar- 
griettas,  fcarh t  and  blue  cloths,  blue  linen, 
ed  and  black  large  bugles,  red  and  green 
galel,  or  beads,  and  a  little  iron. 

The  Frc-ncb  at  other  places  purchafe  about 
two  thoufand  quintals,  or  hundred  weight 
more  of  gum-arabick,  which  is  much  more 
th.>.n  they  ufcd  to  export  thence,  when  the 
Diiub  were  fettled  at  Arguin,  near  Cabo 
Blanco,  o,  white  cape ;  which  fort  the 
French  took  from  them  in  the  year  1 676, 
and  by  the  treaty  of  Nlineguen  it  was  refignM 
up  to  tiicm,  with  a  total  exclufior.  to  the 
DtHcb  to  trade  there  any  more,  as  w:n 
hinted  above  :  and  therefore  the  ^rabs  or 
Moors  now  L ting  iiieir  gum  to  the  Ft  :<:b 
ujjon  the  river  Sen<-ga,  though  the  Dutch 
have  Hill  tome  ("mall  trade  going  on  atPangat 
a  place  between  Cabo  Blanco  and  Senega  river, 
whither  they  fend  c\  cry  year  one  fliip  to 
tr.ide. 

A  great  quantity  of  this  gum  is  picked  «*»■« 
up  every  y^-ar  by  the  Moors,  m  the  great/»»ixt 
wooils,  70  or  So  leagues  up  the  inland, 
1"'.  b  S  from  yJrguiii,  as  a  modern  author  ob- 
ferves.  From  thole  woods  it  is  convey'd 
to  the  French,  at  certain  times  of  the  year, 
to  Terrier-rouge,  or  Red- borough,  and  oti  er 
places  about  it,  on  that  river  ;  bcfides  what 
is  alfo  brought  to  them  from  3,  4  and  500 
leagues  farther  in  the  defart  of  Lybia ;  of 
which,  more  in  another  place. 

This  trade  of  gum,  as  I  am  inform'd,  hi{t»tr»i  . 
cautioufly  managed  between  the  French  and  Mfir. 
the  Moors.,  becaufe  of  the  craftincfs  of  the 
latter,  who  are  barc-fic'd  cheats,  and  very 
inlolent,  alter  this  manner :  Once  a  year, 
about  the  lacier  end  oi  May,  or  the  begin- 
ning of  "June,  fome  of  the  inland  French 
fadors  repair  thither,  in  wcll-arm'd  floops, 
with  a  proper  cargo,  and  drive  their  trade 
N  aboard 


.M. 


I 


i\ 


^ift 


f  •:.,. 


i,  ! 


46 


y^  Defer ipti on  of  the  Coafts 


Book  I. 


Bakiiot.  iibc.irii  their  velTcls  from  pl;icc  to  j'l.icc,  to 
'•^\'>^  It'ciire  tlicmft-Ives  ag.iinil:  the  trc-.ichery  of 
the  Moors  and  Ardn.  At  one  ot"  the  ncarcll 
jil.ices,  about  ■^o  leagues  diltaiit  from  tlic 
fidory,oneC7.'/-(/)i-w)'  affills  as  moderator, 
or  umpire,  between  ihe  freini.',  zhc  Moors, 
and  the  Hljiks ;  for  the  /b.v.W  alfo  bring 
fome  fmall  cjuantity  of  gum-arabick  to  the 
market,  wiiieh  they  gather  in  their  country. 
This  Cii-rbi-m  goes  over  commonly  to  the 
country  of  the  A/oon  every  year,  fix  weeks, 
or  two  months  belore  the  overflowing  ot  the 
river  AVi^i;-,  to  give  them  notice  ol  the  pro- 
1-er  time,  when  they  are  to  repair  to  the 
market,  with  tiuir  gum,  isc.  This  was 
fornv,  rly  managed  by  one  ///v,  a  notable 
fharp  man,  in  whofe  town  the  market  tor 
gum  was  kejit ;  but  he  having  revolted 
againfl  his  fovereign,  to  fide  with  thole 
JzOiighr  Moor<,  has  occafioned  the  removal 
of  the  place. 

The  I'rcKib  always  driving  the  trade  ot 
gu;ii-aral)iv;k  on  the  banks  of  the  river,  h.ive, 
by  that  means,  in  a  great  meailiie,  previii- 
fed  the  fraud'-  and  infults  of  the  Moon  ; 
the  gum  being  generally  fhipp'd  oft'  by  de- 
grees, as  it  is  receiv'd  from  them.  This 
commerce  is  in  the  months  of  Ma)  and 
'June,  as  was  fiid  above. 
Ot'igimlof  If  the  I'rcncb  are  right  in  their  account 
tht  Ge-  of  the  people  of  Genchoa,  bordering  on 
the  north-fide  of  the  river  Senega,  for  by 
that  name  they  diftinguilli  the  M^^ors  of 
thofe  parts ;  then  muft  it  be  concluded,  that 
they  defcend  from  the  .-Iziiages  .'hal/s ;  who, 
according  to  Maniiol,  following  the.//W- 
(•.;;;  .uuHnis,  boaft  they  came  originally 
tioni  Pluijieia,  being  ,l,iven  thence  by  Jo- 
/!'.■../,  the  ton  ot  iViin,  and  lliccelior  lo  A4ri/l's 
m  leading  the  people  of  /Jrae!.  That  fly- 
ing thence,  tiiey  t'etilcd  in  Lyl'ii,  and  built 
C/. //j.(j;v,  12C1S  years  before  the  birth  of 
Cmtisr.  Ikn  Alraqui,  an ///vj/;i.(;;  author 
oblerves,  that  many  years  after  tiicrc  was 
found  at  Carib.igc  a  large  Hone  in  a  fpring, 
witli  thefe  words  carv'd  on  it,  i'l  the  Ptiniik 
Imgir.ige.-  ITc  have  made  our  rfcale  to  this 
■jt.ice,  from  the  Jirefeiice  of  that  i-agabo)id 
rchher  Jofhua,  the  fen  n/"  Nun.  Thefe  .■/- 
::!ii:ges,  at  their  firit:  fettling  in  Jfri:a,  call'd 
themfel vts  Ma  cs  or  Morol /jon-j,  ami  thence 
by  h:ro/.\ii:s  tiicy  arc  named  Moors. 
How  t icy  The  Moors  coine  from  their  own  coun- 
»rjiW  to  try  about  fix  weeks  before  the  Niger  c)ver- 

"itZY'il  "°^^^'  *'^  '"^  ^^^^  oblerv'd,  and  repair  to 
'  '  thefe  markets  in  fmall  gangs,  to  fell  their 
gum-arabick,  which,  for  the  mod  part, 
they  c*iry  on  camels,  and  oxen,  riding 
themfclves.  The  common  fort  are  ftark 
naked,  the  better  have  cloaks  of  furs,  atul 
fome  only  a  piece  of  fkin  to  cover  their 
privities  ;  living  all  the  way  i  •  Mmel's 
«iilk,  ill  whicli  they  djllblve  a  littiv.  gum, 


nchoa 
Mogrs, 


Tli/'ir  re- 

mm. 


.ind  reckon  it  good  food.  When  they  arc 
come  to  the  places  appointed  to  keep  the 
market,  the  l-renb  ufe  to  buy  tlv.ir  oxen, 
and  have  them  killed  by  fome  of  their  own 
Muirs,  .ippointed  to  that  office,  and  dillri- 
bute  the  flelh  among  hem  for  their  fubfi- 
flance  ;  for  the  Moors  Aiuld  not  eat,  nor 
fcarce  touch  any  meat  kill'd  or  drefs'd  by  the 
If^'hitcs,  unlelii  it  were  in  extremity,  and  that 
they  had  no  other  way  tohelpthemlelvis. 

When  the  market  is  over,  tiic  Mjtr,  re- 
turn into  their  own  country,  carrying  b.ick 
on  their  camels,  or  dromedaries,  the  gootis 
they  have  received  in  exchange  lor  iliv.ir 
gum,  or  what  i)ari  of  tiie  I'.iid  gum  ti.ey 
did  not  think  fit  to  I'.il'pole  of'-,  wl;cth;r 
it  was  that  they  did  r.ot  like  the  (■ootis 
oft'erM  them  in  exchange,  or  that  il'.ey 
did  not  agree  about  the  price.  Tluis  they 
make  nothing  to  travel  tour  or  five  hun- 
dred Icaguci  out  of  I,-:'.)':.!,  with  an  hun- 
dred weight  of  gum,  or  Ibme  fueh  parcel, 
and  to  returu  home  again  with  it  ;  lb  un- 
realbnable  and  Ipiglulul  they  are  in  their 
*ay  of  dealing.  It  is  almolt  incredible 
what  a  trouble  the  Freiuh  are  at  to  deal 
with  thefe  /Irabi,  and  wl..'.:  v.rongs  anil  af- 
fronts they  are  to  put  up  •,  thole  wretches 
beiniz  lb  revengeiul  as  to  murder  a  man  tor 
the  kalf  thi:ig,  if  ever  they  cm  find  an  op- 
portunity, though  it  be  20  years  alter  the 
injury  they  fancy  they  have  received,  or 
elle  will  demand  f.o  fiavcs  to  redeem  the 
perlbn  diey  have  in  their  power,  and  de- 
fign  to  dcftroy.  They  are  generally  tawny, 
meagre,  .md  of  a  fcurvy  mien,  liut  ol  a 
fubtk:  cralty  difpofition.  Seethe  SuiM'i.u- 
Mr\T  concerning  thefe  people. 

The  gum-arabick  diflilstrom  a  tall  fiiaily  Cum- 
tree  i  mu.h  like  tlie  M'pyu  o'i  Ainerif.:, "■'''''''• 
and  growing  in  the  defarts  of  ih-  inner  I  ^-  .""'  " 
bui.     At  the  proper  le.ifon  of  the  year,  the''' 
Moors  take  oft"  the  bark  of  this  tree,  with 
finall  iron  tools,  or  forks,  which  is  done 
with  ealc,  and  fbon  alter  tiie  fof t  and  v.-areriiii 
fubftance,  that  was  under  the  b.u'k,  liardens 
into  gum,  in  little  bits  ami  lumps,  much  in 
the  fame  nature  as  we  fee  tiie  common  gum 
grow  on  our   Eiirapean  cherry  and  plum- 
trees.     The  Arabs  keep  this  gum  tVeni  tioni 
one  year  to  another,  by  bm-ying  of  it    un- 
der ground. 

Tiiefe  Jrnbi  are  very  expert  at  their  fire-  Aril>s 
arms,  and  no    lei's  tearlul  of  the  eill;!:t  oU'^'i ?'* 
them.     I   have  been   inform'd,    that  fome *"■'''■ 
hundreds   of  the    Moors,    or  Ar.ibs  about 
mount  yJtlas,  coming  dov\n  to  make  war 
on  king  .V(,''„V;.- ,   ami  attempting  to  feize  a 
fioop  belonging  to  rh- laftory,  whiJi  w,,i 
come  to  trade,  weic  fo  frighted  .11  the  dif- 
charge  of  thiec  firelocks  iiiavlo  upon  them 
by   the  French,  tlu.t  tluy  all  iuimediateiy 
ran  aw.iy. 

It 


foe 


Gold- .III, 


Hcyils 
tcvn. 


C'.i-iiiid.'c 
Kirket. 

Oilier 


M.-rrcf 
liti'iii. 


ol 


th 


Book  I. 

•y  ai'C 

uxcn, 
ir  own 

iVitlri- 
•  fiibli- 
,u,  nor 
1  by  tliu- 
.nJ  t.luC 
vcs. 

,       i    turn. 

or  il>^"^ 
im  ti.1.7 

ic  j',oods 

Iwt'  il-y 

luis  tlu-y 
five  luiii- 

.111  hun- 
;h  piircel, 
•,  lb  un- 
L-  in  thtir 
incrcJ.ibli.' 
.c  to  dc.il 
igs  iinil  .li- 
;  wretches 

a  man  tor 
liad  iin  op- 
fs  alter  the 
eccivcd,  or 
redeem  the 
cr,  .md  de- 
rally  tawny. 
*,  but  ol  .1 

IC   SUIMM.U- 

lUiU  nvulyc;»'»- 

ot    .^"- "'■'>,„„« 
inner  /  v-^,«a,i. 

K'  ye.ir,  tl'.c 

slice,  wi'li 

lieli  is  done 

and  v/ateriih 

dk,  hardcnii 

ps,  much  in 

ommoniTum 
and  plum- 

ni'\c{\\  tioin 
of  it    un- 

|at  their  fire-  AnK 
he  eiVeft  of''"'-'''"* 
that  I'^nvJ 
|//r,./'J   .ibouL 
lu  make  war 
lig  to  feize  a 
which  w.,|i 
cd  at  the  dil- 
iipiin  them 
immediately 

It 


CHAP.4.  of  Nigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


47 


GlllMil}. 


Hcydfl 
icrtit. 


Mooriw/ji  Ic  may  not  boamifs  here  toobfcrve,  that 
foMJ.  t|,e  Ltitins,  callM  the  people  of  Barbary 
Miiiiros,  in  all  likelihood,  from  their  tawny 
complexion,  from  whom  the  other  Euro- 
peans have  taken  anil  continued  the  ufe  of 
this  name,  they  being  all  a  dark-colour'd 
people.  The  /triilis  I  uow  I'lieak  of,  and 
all  therein  fliall  fpeak  of  hereafter,  being 
no  lefs  tawny  than  the  people  of  Rarbar), 
but  rather  exceeding  them  ■■,  therefore  the 
Freiicb  in  thcfe  parts  call  tiiem,  /l)\ib  Mocr>: 
which  is  confounding  tiic  ancient  Jfriccin 
Bcrcbcrcs,  who  live  among  tiic  Arabs  of 
L'^biii  and  Gencboa,  with  ciiofe  fame  Arabs. 
I  fliall  in  anotlier  place  fpeak  of  the  com- 
merce and  correfpondence  between  tiie  peo- 
ple of  Morocco  and  thole  of  Tumbut  aiul 
Gencboa. 

Ma  r  k  u  t  s  cDul    Commodities 

I'l  X  c  11  A  N  c'd. 
AS  f<)r  ,.',oKl-dufV,  tiie  Fr.iicb  piirchafe 
"^  very  litileof  it,  fmce  the  fifteenth  cen- 
tury, whei  ".he  Portugucjc  being  driven  out 
of  this  country,  fettled  on  the  ;_^old  eoalf, 
as  fli.dl  alfo  be  obferv'd  in  its  place.  1  low- 
ever,  fometimes  a  little  gold  is  brought  to 
market  at /A  v/(7,  wtla  Rvvierc  a  Atorfd,  at 
/,/  Riviere  dcs  AI iringiiins,  at  Mambiiii,  ac 
Lamctur,  and  towards  Gamboa  Uiver. 

The  town  of  flejJe,  or  Leydc,  confifls 
of  about  two  hu. Hired  '.oufes,  ftanding  on 
the  north-fide  of  the  Senega,  above  200 
K'a[;ues  up  it,  from  the  lea,  not  far  tlillant 
trom  that  of  Camclint^a  ;  and  there  is  a  mar- 
kit  lor  ivory  and  gold,  whicii  kill  chofe 
JiLiiki  i:.\\\  Demure. 

At  the  town  of  Gcribolen,  is  a  good  mar- 
k(  t  for  millet,  and  elephants  teeth,  wliich 
are  pur.-li  is'd  for  br  mdy  :ind  bueJ«--'. 

At  the  town^  of  Birani-Licze,  Supatcrre, 
I.arron,  and  Hilar,  are  proper  markets  for 
flry  bullocks  hides;  fome  elephants  teeth  -, 
tygers,  goats  and  deer-skins  ;  ollrich  fea- 
thers ;  Dmcb  cloths  -,  galet  ■,  large  yellow 
amber-Hones;  margriettes ;  white  and  yel- 
low bugles,  ij'c.  but  chiefly  at  Bilor. 

On  the  rivers  a  Morfila.nd  dcs  Miirinatiins, 
ai  ALiinhrin,  on  the  north -fide  ot  tlie  Se- 
;),(;,(,  and  at  I.amclir,  or  Urak,  on  the 
l()uih  fivle  of  the  lame,  the  Frcncb  purchale 
.1  condderable  number  of  flaves,  elei^hanti 
teith,  and  dry  hides,  as  alfo  ambergris 
and  fome  gold-duih  At  Seriiipalte  mulk- 
cods  ;  tygers  and  goats-flcins  ;  ollrich  fea- 
thers and  gum-arabick  ;  in  exchange  lor 
kettles;  yellow  amber;  llripeil  cloths; 
iron  bars  ;  bugles  ;  ALtccutotts  or  beads  of 
two  Ions ;  whole  or  half  pieces  of  eight  of 
the  old  llamp  ;  \Liy^ritttcs  -y  another  fort 
of  beads  made  at  y^orf'V,  fine  cryftal  bculs  ; 
flrait,  or  b'jw'dcuilaces  ;  Gi/Zf/ beails,  ami 
pieces  of  iilver  of  7.'i  Ibis,  cither  plain  or 
gilr.  The  country  of  little  Hruk  allbrJs 
tiiem  Haves  and  wood  for  lewcl. 


(■c'nIicifCii 


Oil  er 
m.irri-;j. 


At  the  villages  of  Bozacri,  or  Bozar,  and  Rarbot. 
Caye,  near  the  faftory,  they  have  flaves  V.'V^^ 
elephants;  and  lea-horfes  tejth  ;  gold-duft  i 
dry  hides  ;  and  the  country  cloths ;  in  ex- 
change for  braiuiy,  iron  bars,  cutlaces ; 
bugle  ;  and  Utita/as,  or  brafs  bafons  of  le- 
veral  fizes. 

Slaves, 
"T*  H  O  S  F.  fold  by  the  Bl.tcks  arc  for  the  hov  tiy 
•*•     mod  part  p.  ifoners  of  war,  taken  eith-.  r  "">'•' 
in  fight,  or   purluic,   or  in  the  incuilion.sJ'"'" 
they  make  iiuo  their  enemies  territories  ; 
others   tlolen  aw.iy  by  their  own  country- 
men ;  and  fome  tlierj  are,    wlio  will    f.-ll 
theirown  children,  kindred,  orneighbours. 
This  has  lieenohen  fjen,  and  cocompa!"  ir, 
tliey  defiiv  the  Pcrfon  they  inie:id  to  feli,  tj 
help  them  in  carrying  Ibmelliing  to  ihe  fac- 
tory by  way  of  trade,  and  whm  there,  the 
jjerlbn   lo  ikl.idrd,    not   underllandiii;',  the 
language,  is  fold  a.iid  deliverM  up  e...  a  llave, 
notwithllanding  all  his  refilLince,    and  ex- 
claiming agaiall  the   treachery.     I  was  told 
of  one,  who  ik  fign'd  to  fell   his  own  Ton, 
alter  th.it  manner  ;    but  he  iinderllaiiuing 
I'lLiicb,  dillcmblcd   tor  a  while,  and.  tiien 
contrivM  it  lo  cunningly  as  to  pcrfu.ide  the 
French,  that  the  old  man  was  his  fl.ive,  and 
not  Ills  father,  by  which  means  lie  dcliver'J 
him  up  nto  into  captivity  ;  and  thus  made 
good  the  Italian  Proverb,  A  fiirlo  [urlo  e 
mezzo  ;  amounting  to  as  much  as,  Set  a  thief 
to  catch  a  thi.f,  orDi.imond  cuts  Diamond. 
J^owever,  it  h.ippened  fooii  after,  that  the 
fellow  was  met  by  Ibme  of  tlie  principal 
Bi.hks  of  the  country,  as  lie  was  returning 
h*)me  ironuhe  fai't^.y,   >vltli  the  <:ooJs  he 
1)1. i  rturivM  for  tlie  1  de  of  his  f.iJier,  all 
which  they  10.  k  away,  and  oru,.r'd   liin:  to 
be  fold  fos  a  flave. 

The  kings  are  lb  abfolute,  tlr.t  upon  wiTy  Kr.n  le'l 
flight   pretence  ol  otllT.ces  commitad  by ''j'''-'f-'- 
their   fabjecTs,  they   order  tliem  to  be  fold    ■ 
tor  flaves,   without  reg.iid  to  r.ink,    or  pro- 
telVion,     Thus  a  Alar.wout,  or  I'riefl-,  as  I 
believe,  was  fold  to  me  at  Gocree,  by  the 
AlciiiJc  of  Rio  I'refco,    by  fpecial  order  ot" 
king  Darnel,    for    fome   mifdemeanois.    I 
took  notice,  that  this  Prielt  was  above  two 
months  aboard  the  fliip,  before  he  would 
Ipeak   one  word ;  but  I  lli.dl  lay  more  of 
him  in  another  pl.ice. 

Abundance  of  liitlc  ZJ.'j,  <•(  of  both  lexcs^-,-,;/^^,^ 
are  alio  flolen  away  by  their  neighbours,  kU-M^'tl. 
when  found  abroad  on  the  ro.uls,  or  in  tiie 
woods  ;  or  idle  in  the  Cciigam,  orcorn-fivlds, 
at  the  lime  of  the^eir,  when  their  j-i.^rents 
keepihem  there  all  day,  to  fcire  ,iway  the 
devouring  Imall  birils,  that  come  to  feed 
on  the  millet,  in  fwarms,  as  has  been  laid 
above. 

In  limes  of  dearth  am!  f  inline,    abuii-  P(fi,i,i,^ 


dance  ot  th«fe  peop! 


will  fell  tliH'.iilelvi's, //w»- 
tbi'''""- 


'■  i':"'>i 


,'( • 


im 


f  > 


48 


^  Defer iption  of  the  Coafls 


Book  I. 


BARBoT.for  a  maintenance,  nnd  to  prevent  ft.irving. 

^•^V>*  When  I  firft  arriv'd  at  Goerec,  in  Decem- 
beriSiiil  could  have  bought  a  great  num- 
ber, at  very  eafy  rates,  if  I  could  have 
found  provifions  to  fubfift  them  ;  fo  great 
was  the  dearth  then,  in  that  part  of  .;Vj- 
^ritia. 

inUnd  To  conclude,  fome  (laves  are  alio  brought 

fi»Mii.  to  thele  Blacks,  from  very  remote  inland 
countries,  by  way  of  trade,  and  fold  for 
things  of  very  inccnfiderable  value  ;  but 
thefc  flavcsare  generally  poor  and  weak,  by 
reafon  of  tiie  barbarous  ufage  i'::-/  have  had 
in  travelling  fo  fir,  being  continually  bea- 
ten, and  almoft  famifli'd  ;  fo  ini\unian  are 
the  Bluiks  to  one  another. 


tlefhunt!    A  R  Egather'dandpick'dupinc 
i'ttJtibe^^  or  elfe   when  the  Blacks   ca 


*;//■/ 


HtwiiWd 
hy  the 
Blacks. 


ElephantsTeeth 

the  woods; 
an  kill  an 

elephant,  which  is  hard  to  be  done,  either 
with  fire-arms  or  ari-ows,  ;is  (liall  be  parti- 
cularly obferv'd,  when  I  come  to  treat  of 
the  i^t:i-qua  coalt  •,  where  there  arc  more  of 
thefe  bulky  creatures,  than  in  any  other  part 
of  Guinea.  I  fliall  only  add  here,  that  I 
was  told  by  one  of  the  faftory  at  St.  Lewis's 
ifland,  that  he  and  his  company  were  once 
at  the  hunting  of  an  elephant,  and  beftow'd 
above  two  hundred  bullets  on  him,  and  yet 
he  got  away  ;  but  the  next  day  was  found 
dead  fome  hundred  paces  from  the  i4.u;c 
where  they  (hot  him. 

The  Blacks  of  Senega  go  out  fixty  in  a 
company,  each  arm'd  with  fix  fniall  arrows 
and  a  great  one.  I  laving  foeinti  his  haunt, 
they  ll.iy  till  lie  repairs  thither,  whicji  they 
know  ty  t!ie  loud  1  un.i,ne  nnife  he  makoi, 
breaking  through  the  boughs  that  h.u,^  ;„ 
his  way,  and  beating  down  whole  trees,  if 
they  ftand  in  his  v/ay.  Then  they  follow 
him,  fliooting  continually,  till  they  have 
(luck  fo  many  arrows  in  his  bo.iy,  as  mult 
be  his  death;  which  they  obferve  by  the  lofs 
of  blood,  and  the  weaknefs  of  his  efforts 
againft  what  (lands  before  him. 

Tlie  teeth  pick'd  up  in  the  woods  and  de- 
farts  are  for  the  mod  part  fcurly  and  hollow, 
orcafion'd  by  their  lying  many  years  in  the 
rain  and  wind,  and  conl'equently  are  lefs 
valuable. 


Hides. 

BeflhUis   nrHE  bed  and  largcfi:  dry  bullocks  hides, 

IB  Ouinea.  M.    ^^e  thofe  from  about  the  Senexa  river, 

becaule  the  cattle  is  there  mucli  larger  and 

fatter,  than  about  Rufjlo  .mU  Potto  d'/l'.i, 

where   the  country   affords  not  flich  good 

pallurc-grounds.     They  foak,  or  dip  thde 

hides,  as  fbon  as  flay'd  from  the  bcalt,  and 

prei'ently  expofe  them  to  the  air  to  liry  ; 

which,  in  my  opinion   is   the  rrUbn,  why 

Wanting  the  true  firft   feafoning,  they  are 

apt  to  corrupt  and  breed  svorms,    ii  not 


look'd  after,  and  often  beaten  with  a  (lick, 
or  wand,  and  then  laid  up  in  very  dry 
ftore-houles. 

Thele  hides  are  nothing   to  compare  to  i?,.,,,,:^ 
thofe  of  Hav.ina,    Hij'par.iola,  and  £;.tv;pj America, 
/lyci,  in  America,  both  for  thicknefs  and 
largenefs.     The  Africin  hides  fcrve  mollly 
in   luance  and    IhHaiui,    for    covering    of 
trunks,  and  portmanti    • ;  being,  as  h.is  been 
i.iid,    much  thinner  ai.d   (mailer  than  the 
American.     For  an  inflance,  the  weight  of 
a  hide  at  Buenos  Ayra,  is  commonly    fe- 
vcnty  fix  pounds,  and  worth  there  upon  the 
place  one  piece  of  eight.     The  fame  hiile  is 
worth  at  London  fix  pence,  at  Roan  half  a 
livre,  and  at  Amjierdam  ten  Hi  vers  the  pound 
weight.    Thefe  hides  arc  the  commodity  of 
the  country  about  Buenos  A\res,    lying   in 
35  di  j',rees  of  fbuth  latitude    fifty  leagues 
up  fro- »  the  mouth  of  the  river  of  Plate, 
by  the  natives  call'd  Paragmn.     The  faid 
hides,  being  (b  cheap  there,  by  reafon  of 
the  incredible  multitude  of  cattle  the  coun- 
try abounds  in,  and  ib  much  valu'd  in  Eu- 
rope,   are  the  ulual  returns  from  thence ; 
with  a  fort  of  red  wool,  call'd  Lana  de  Vi- 
cuna, growing  on  the  Peru  flitep,  and  which 
is  worth  at  Buenos  A^rcs  iS  royals  pl.ite  /)<•»■  .rf/ Bucnoi 
pound,  and  at  London  20  s.  per  pound  ;  bring  Ayies. 
brought  down  330  leagues  by  land  from 
Peru,  on  mules.    In  the  year  16;^ ^,  there 
were  at  Buenos  /lyres,  at  one  time,  twenty 
two  Butch,  and  among  them  two  l:nglij/j 
(liijis,  as  we  arc  told  in  theaccoLint  oi  Mun- 
ftcur  Acarcte  du  Bii'cas,    homewards  bound 
with  bull-hides,    pl.ite,    and    the  aforef.ud 
/-ViV/w.Mvooll,  whirli  they  hail   received  in 
exchange  (or  tht  ir  commodities,  i^acl;  Dutch 
iliip  liad  thirteen  or  fourteen  thoiiland  bull- 
Imito,  ninniini  iiiir  to  i i  .,00  /.  llerliiig, bought 
by  them  there  ,it  (even  oreiglu  roy.ilseach, 
and  lokl  in  Ewnje  toi  at  lead  2  ,  j.  a  piece. 

This  luppen'd  at  a  time  wlun  the  .S'/,z#^,  „  ■ 
inarus  being  embroiled  in  many  troubles,  ,here. 
the  Dutch  laid  hold  of  the  Oiiportunity  to 
fend  thofe  lliipi  to  Rw  de  la  Pl.ut,  laden 
with  goods  and  BLuks,  wliii  h  they  had  taken 
in  at  Con^o  and  AKgola.  Tlie  inhabitants  of 
Buenos  Axrcs  wanting  tlie  fui)plies  they  uled 

10  receive  by  the  Sjanijl  g.deons,  which 
were  hindereil  by  the  En^lijh  tiom  making 
their  condant  voyages;  and  there  tuing  a 
great  fcarcity  of  h.,uki,  and  other  ner.iti- 
rics ;  prevailed  lo  lar  upon  the  governor, 
that  t()r  a  prefent  they  oliliged  the  II  ILinden 
to  give  him,  and  paying  the  liuiies  to  th'.: 
king  o{  Spain,  they  were  jiermiited  to  land, 
and  trade  there:  lor  no  nation  is  allowed  it, 
but  native  Span.ards,  wiih  lieeiues  irmn  the 
king  of  i'/a;;/,  uliidi  toll  five  duiats  plate, 
(or  every  tun,  and  feven  ducats  and  a  half 
plate,     whenlbevcr    they    are    gr.uited   to 

11  rangers.  A  fliip  of  five  hundreii  tun,  as 
the  \oi\\ Si! nJwicO,  in  his  iliiv ourle  of  S/iiin, 

intoruvi 


Befj-wgx. 


Oltrlrb 
ff'thiri.      , 


Slrli  fflu- 
ilnr. 


Coufcou 


at 

har 

abol 

poul 

in  I'f 

whiJ 

alnii 

eithtl 

nionl 

Biael 


T 


the 
ufuai 
mod  I 
with  i 

as  w>  I 

put  11^ 

lirtle 

and  I]. 

till  it 
VJ 


OK  I. 


Chap.  S*.         of  Nigriria,  or  North-Guinea. 


1 

0  !^euir  la 
pj  Amctic*. 

id 

ly 

ot 

vn 
:lic 
of 
fe- 
the 
e  is 
It"  a 
unJ 
>oi 

r     in 
gUCS 

lat<; 

faid 
in  of 
;onn- 

Ew 
;nce  -> 
,1,  Kr- 
which 

te  pc'"  /!» Butnoi 
bviny  Ay>"- 

tioiu 

I  here 
[vvtnty 

if  .V/i/«- 
bound 
■(ji-cUid 
iwd  ii^ 
-  i);(.'.w 
,a  buU- 
boui;ht 
Is  tML:l>, 

oublcs,  then. 

un'uy  to 
,  l.idiii 

ul  i.il<^''\ 
kaius  of 


B«;-»4X 


Oflrifh 
fenihin. 


informs  us,  pays  3750  ducats  for  liberty  to 
trade  in  cIil-  /(''fjl-hilie>.  Tlic  lame  lord 
fays,  a  B:a  k  is  wortli  fix  or  fcvi-n  hundred 
pieces  of  aright,  at  Buenos  Ayrcs  •,  an^l  adds, 
thatthLvV',;;;:  (/-(/j  tiieregivf  v.ry  goo .1  rates, 
and  take  great  qiiantities  of  Ehghfl}  manu- 
fafture?,  as  clotii,  bays,  fiys,  ftockings, 
fcff.  Towhi.h  Monfieur  ^'Art/-,.7.'fubjoins 
filks,  ribbons,  thread,  ncedlos,  fwords, 
horfe-flviLS,  and  otii.r  iron-work  •,  tools  of 
all  forts,  tlrugs  fpices,  filk-ftockings,llrgcs, 
and  I'.cneraliy  every  thing  lor  cloathing  j  all 
thefe  b.ing  proper  commodities  for  tiiofe 
parts.  1  hop.;  I  may  be  pardoned  this  di- 
grefTion,  fo  remote  from  my  fubJKfl  in  hand, 
having  thought  it  might  be  advantageous  to 
foinc,  who  perhaps  never  juard  of  lb  bene- 
ficial a  trade,  wlii.ji  was  rlieoccafion  of  my 
inferting  it  in  this  place  •,  and  now  I  lliail 
return  to  Nk/ttuu 

Bees-wax  is  gatiicr'd  from  trcjs  in  the 
woods,  as  is  done  in  the  Niiu-l'orr'ft  in  Hamp- 
Jhire;  luit  is  not  fo  good  or  clvan. 

As  tor  oftriih  feathers,  they  are  com- 
monly no  wlicrc  to  be  had,  but  about  the 


SsrliffU- 


hey 


uUd 


wliieh 
Imaking 
1  being  J. 
jnec.lVa- 
lovernor, 
■ILindi'  i 
IS  to  dv; 
tokmd, 
Imved  it, 
]lo:n  l!i« 

a  a  halt 

lantod   to 

tun,  as 

)t  ^'/'.ii". 

luloruvi 


Coiifcou5 


49 

fadory  at  St.  Lewii'i  idand,  that  being  1\rhot. 
nearelt  to  the  Moor>,  who  have  the  greatett  *'^V^'. 
plenty  of  thole  animals  in  their  country. 

I  could   never  underlland,    whence  the  Amier-_ 
Moors  and  Blncks  have  tiieir  ambergris,  tho'f"- 
every  body  knows  it  is  the  produft  of  the 
fea. 

Tiie  French  reckon  this  trade  in  general 
yields  feven  or  eight  hundred  per  cent,  ad- 
vance, upon  invoice  of  their  goods ;  and 
yet  theirA'«;;'rt  coinpany,  inltead  of  thriving, 
iia«  often  brought  a  noble  to  nine-pence. 
Nay,  it  has  broke  twice  in  lefs  than  thirty 
years  -,  which  mull  be  occafioned  by  the  valt 
expenee  they  are  at  in  Europe,  Africa,  and 
America  ;  befides  ill  management  of  their  bu- 
fincfs :  but  this  is  no  more  than  the  common 
face  of  the  Diiub  and  Englijb  African  com- 
panies, as  well  as  of  that,  to  make  rather 
lofs  than  profit;  becaufc  their  charges  are 
greater  than  the  trade  can  bear,  in  main- 
taining lo  many  ports,  caltles,  forts,  and 
fiClones  in  Afii,\i,  which  devour  all  the  pro- 
fit, as  1  fliali  fartiicr  make  out  in  the  de- 
Icription  of  the  gold-coaft. 


CHAT.     V. 

T^e  employments  of  the  liomen ;  the  common  food  Md  drink  of  the  Blacks  -,  the 
palm  X7«f  ho'JJ  made  i  funeral  ccritnoHtes  ;  dn  ad  of  heavy  ramandtkuuder  i 
Jlceping,  dancnig.,  and "Ji'refl ling.,  feafiing  and  Ramadan.  The  author's  vtfit 
/tf  Conde,  viceroy  of  the  country,  the  Guiriots  or  oiiffoons,  and  thar  office  i 
thi'  government  and  diffutick  authority  of  the  black  kr.gs  ;  audiiua s,  em^ 
bajfics.,  revenues.,  forces,  and  admiralty  rights -^  thejujtice  civil  and  criminal, 
tjiiars,  religion,  priejtsor  Marabouts,  and  their  Grign  or  charms. 


Women's  Empiovments. 

BEfidc's  the  car'  of  nuifing  their  children, 
they  have  all  the  ciiaige  of  houlewifry 
at  home,  ViZ.  to  make  laige  ozicror  flraw 
hampers,  or  b  ifkets,  twelve  or  fittecn  foot 
about,  to  keep  their  corn  in ;  to  beat  or 
pound  riie  niiliet,  wi'h  gnat  woollen  pelUes, 
in  deep  iioll'iw  trunks  of  tre^-,  like  mortarsj 
which  is  a  rediois  it  \id  labour,  and  yet  done 
almoft  cverv  morning;  and  to  inake  or  drels 
either  ^iniglet  or  Co'fdi,  which  is  tiic  com- 
mon diet  of  the  family,  among  tlie  wellern 
BLuh. 

Food. 

,nr\\TLCoufcfiiis,  as  the  ,7;'rt/'j- call  it,  and 

■■•     the  people  of  Morocco.,  C.cui'couf'.u,  but 

the  B!aik>,   La^Kcrc,   is  their  bell  and  moll 

ufual  food  ;  being  made  of  milk  t  beaten  al- 

mofl:  to  fine  flower,   then  filled  or  finn'd 

with  a  fort  of  fan  made  of  palm-tree  leaves, 

as  w.ll  as  th(  y  can  do  it.     This  fiower  they 

put  into  a  narrow  bt)wl,  and  fprinkle  it  a 

little  witli  water ;    then  kne.n'  and  turn  it, 

and  liirlnkie  more  water  again  and   again, 

till  it  is  all  paile,  which  they  break  into  fe- 

Vo  L.  V. 


vend  round  balls,  and  l^'t  tliem  Hand  in  the 
air  a  while  to  dry.  They  then  put  tiiem  into 
an  earthen-pot,  having  a  hole  at  the  bottom, 
taking  care  to  cover  it  very  dole  at  the  top, 
and  fix  this  pot  upon  another,  in  which  there 
is  flefli  or  firti  feafon'd  with  palm-oil  and  fucli 
fpice  as  they  have  ;  and  thus  let  both  pots, 
one  upon  another,  over  the  fire :  fo  tliat  when 
the  meat  or  filli  boils,  tiie  llecni  afcends 
tiirougii  the  hole  in  the  bottom  of  the  upper 
pot,  to  the  Coiifcoiis  or  paile  tiiat  is  within 
it;  at  once  baking  and  giving  it  a  favour, 
which  requires  a  long  tiine  to  be  well  done. 
When  enough. '■hey  put  all  together,C(JW<o«;, 
anil  meat  or  fiHi,  in  a  wooden  platter  or 
bowl.  This  is  the  common  food  of  tlie  beft 
people,  iho'  in  reality  but  indiiferent  diet, 
the  Coufcoiii  being  itfelf  a  coarfe  and  indi- 
gelled  matter :  for  befides  its  being  very  fait, 
and  no  way  plcalant,  it  cracks  between  the 
teeth,  as  if  tiiere  w  tc  fand  in  it.  There  are 
sMoCou  I'ous  cakes  made,  which  they  bake 
on  large  flat  Itonesover  the  fire. 

Thefe  people,  as  well  as  thole  of  the  em-  PUitfir- 
pirc  of  Morocco,  and,  as  I  take  it,  all  other*"'- 
Mahometans,     the    kings   tlicmfclves    not 
O  excepted. 


"    l 


■Vi 


,   :     lij 


Barbdt. excepuil,  are  forbid  the  ufc  of  pl.ite  at  their 
'■^'V^  tables -,  ami  therefore  the  Sherifc,  or  em- 
juTor  oi  Morocco,  the'  a  potent  prince,  is 
fervcd  in  no  better  tiun  brafs  or  earthen- 
ware. 
Sanglct.  Their  SangUt  is  made  of  the  bran  of  mil- 
let, boiled  in  water,  without  any  oiIkt  addi- 
tion, being  tlie  common  food  of  the  poorer 
fort,  and  particularly  of  flaves.  Sometimes 
it  is  boiled  with  ftiniiing  flefhordry  fifh,  or 
cife  with  milk  or  butter,  for  tiie  better  fort. 
Towards  tiie  fea-coaft  they  eat  mili<,  but- 
ter, and  curds,  which  the  IVbiws  have  taught 
them  to  make,  but  neither  fo  good  or  fweet 
as  in  Engldiiil. 
ti.tnntr  of  Tiiey  generally  eat  twice  a  day  -,  at  noon 
'*""&■  and  towards  niglit,  fitting  round  on  their 
heels  upon  the  bare  ground,  either  within 
the  cabbins,  or  at  the  door  witliout ;  but 
fome  of  the  bed  fit  upon  mats,  men  and  wo- 
men togetlier,  towards  the  coaft,  yet  In 
Jbmc  inland  countries  each  fex  eatr>  apari. 
They  eat  but  little  at  a  time,  and  tiiat  after 
a  ilovenly  manner,  as  will  appear  by  tiic 
following  ftor;  , 
initrtam-  Bouiut  CiUuMui,  a  black  lady  of  a  good 
iiitnt.  prefence,  and  a  very  jovial  temper,  widow 
to  a  Portugue'e  of  note,  and  a  Roman  C,i:lo- 
Uyk,  invited  me  to  a  dinner  at  Rio  Frffio, 
where  ilie  then  lived  in  £reat  cftecm  among 
the  m.ich  ;  but  always  drefs'd  after  the  Por- 
tuguefc  fifliion.  Being  come  to  iier  habita- 
tion, where  was  alfo  the  Alcaide  of  the  town, 
and  fomc  of  king  Darners  officers ;  flie  con- 
duced us  all  into  a  very  warm  cabbin  or  hut, 
in  the  midll  of  which  there  hung  at  the  roof 
a  large  (linking  piece  of  raw  beef:  and  ha 
ving  made  uaall  fit  down  there  in  a  ring,  up- 
on a  fine  mat,  with  our  legs  acrofs,  after 
tlic  MooriJIi  I'afhion,  a  flave  brought  in  ;i 
wooden  platter  full  of  dirty  water  to  wafli 
our  hands,  without  any  towel  to  wipe  them. 
Every  man  made  ufe  of  his  clout  to  dry 
them,  and  I  of  my  handkerchief.  Then 
the  dinner  was  fet  down  on  the  mat,  being 
a  large  wooden  platter,  brim-full  of  Couf- 
cous,  and  another  with  (linking  boiled  beef, 
to  whicli  I  was  bid  welcome.  The  lady  then 
went  about  tearing  the  meat  into  abundance 
of  bits,  with  both  her  hands,  .and  threw  it 
into  the  Coitfcous  d\i\i,  (lirring  it  about  with 
one  hand.  Then  every  one  of  the  guefts  in 
his  turn,  took  a  bit  of  the  meat  and  Ib.ne 
Coiifious,  and  rolling  it  together  into  a  ball 
in  his  right  hand,  tofs'd  it  as  far  into  his 
mouth  as  he  could  j  then  lick'd  his  fingers, 
and  (hook  his  hand  over  the  di(h,  to  lave 
what  liad  happened  to  (lick  to  it.  Thisflo- 
venly  behaviour  did  fo  balk  my  (lom.ich, 
that  I  did  but  ju(l  tafte  of  the  men,  tlio' 
the  l.'dy  often  prefs'd  me  to  eat  heartily. 
Dinner  being  over,  the  fame  dirty  vwter, 
which  had  ferved  to  wa(h  before,  was  brought 
in  again  for  the  fame  ufe,  and  fome  wafn'd 


A  Defer iptim  of  the  Coafls  Book  I. 


rocco.  hf» 
i*t. 


their  mouths  with  it.  We  had  no  Other  li- 
ijuor  given  us,  at  this  entertainment,  but 
water,  which  was  neither  fweet,  nor  cool, 
but  lukew.irm,  by  realbn  of  the  exceffive 
heat  of  the  weather. 

I'hisdilagreeable  filthy  way  of  eating  is 
univerfal  among  all  the  nations  inhabiting  the 
wedern  and  fouthcrn  parts  of  Africa,  from 
caps  Si  ariel  to  the  cape  ni Good- Hope.  Diego  Fmpfrtrc 
(le  Torres,  who  ferved  the  king  of  Spain  in»/"  Mo 
Barhar"j,  about  the  year  1547,  in  hishiftory  f"*^*^ 
11^  i\v:  Sb.rifes,  kings  of  A/oroffo,  whoftiltd' ^ 
thenilelves  kings  of  /Ijricat  tho'  no  better 
tiian  ufurpers;  gives  an  acrnunt,  that  being 
once  prefent  at  the  old  Sberife's  dinner,  and 
oblcrving  that  he  wiped  the  hand  he  took 
up  his  meat  with,  on  the  head  of  a  black 
boy,  of  about  ten  years  of  age,  which  mov'd 
him  to  fmile  •,  the  Sberife,  who  took  notice 
of  it,  ask'd  him,  what  it  was  the  chriftian 
kings  ufed  to  wipe  their  hands  with  at  meal-^, 
and  what  fuch  things  might  be  worth.  Torres 
anlV/e.-'d,  rhey  uled  fine  napkins,  which 
might  be  worth  a  crown  a-piece,  or  more, 
and  had  a  clean  one  at  every  meal.  The 
Sberife  wiping  his  hand  again  on  the  black 
boy's  head,  reply'd,  don't  you  think  this  nap- 
kin much  better,  which  is  worth  fevcnty  or 
eighty  crowns?  The  emperor  oi  Morocco 
is  lerved  in  the  fame  manner  as  I  have  de- 
fcribed  above,  with  Coufcoufou  in  an  earthen 
or  copper  platter,  and  ulls  nothing  but  his 
hand  to  tear  and  take  up  the  morfels  of  meat 
not  much  more  nicely  than  hungry  dogs  feed 
on  cairion.  He  often  makes  choice  of  the 
(lables  of  his  /llcazai-a  or  patace,  to  take 
his  meals  in,  and  then  on  a  piece  of  leather 
always  very  grcafy.  The  beft  and  meaner 
fort  in  tlut  nation  all  cat  after  the  fame  man- 
ner, and  never  difcourfe  much  at  their  meals. 

The  blick   king,  call'J  the  great  5ra/f,  x;,^  Utik 
being  entertain'd  at  dinner  aboard  a  (hip, 
return'd  the  bones  of  the  fowl,  after  gnawing 
them,  into  the  difli, 

Thefe  people  ufe  only  the  right  hand  in 
eating,  and  referve  the  left  altogether  for 
labour,  looking  upon  it  as  very  indecent  to 
eat  with  it ;  nor  do  they  ufe  knives  to  cut 
tlieir  nieat,  or  plates,  or  clotlu  to  lay  it  on. 

King  Ajwr/ allows  no  body  to  eat  with  x-,v  dj. 
him,  except  the  chief  A/iJr.ii'o///,  orfomeofmei. 
his  princijial  officers.     His  main  reafon  for 
not  admitting  of  any  Thcubabes,   or  white- 
man,  to  his  meals,  is,  his  being  fenfible  of 
his  foul  antl  unpleafing  way  of  feeding. 

The  Bhu';s  will  eat  moil  forts  of  beafts  or 
fowl,  except  thofe  who  have  been  infeiled 
v/kh MubomeUiiiifm,who  eat  no  fwines  flifh. 

Their  coninion  drink  is  water,    palm- Drin*. 
wine,  cows  milk,  or  a  made  liq'ior,  which 
is  the  juice  of    yellow  f«_jr  plumbs,  mixed 
with  water,    pretty  wbolclome,  and  moft 
u^d^ainon^  the  l^vuki, 

Frcflj 


'■.; 


Book  I. 


ther  li- 
nt, but 
)r  cool, 
KcelTive 


ating  is 
ting  the 
I,  from 

•■    Diegg  Empererc 

Spain  in «/  Mo- 

hoftilc'd"'^"'- 
)  better 
at  being 
ler,  and 
he  took 
■  a  black 
h  inov'J 
ik  notice 
chriftian 
at  meals 
:h.  Torres 
,    which 
or  more, 
il.    The: 
lie  black 
this  naj;- 
i.  vcnty  or 
"  Morocco 
have  de- 
n  earthen 
g  but  his 
ts  of  meat 
dogs  feed 
ice  of  the 
,  to  take 
of  leather 
d  meaner 
fame  man- 
eii"  meals, 
rcat  Brak,  King  Brik 
rd  a  fliip» 
r  gnawing 

;ht  hand  in 

igether  for 

indecent  to 

ves  to  cut 

>  lay  it  on. 

3  eat  with  x/n;  Di- 
or fomeofmd. 

1  reafon  for 
or  white- 

;  fenfible  of 

cding. 

of  beads  or 

:n   infcdtcd 

"wines  fli  fti. 

ter,    paim-Drint. 

I'lor,  which 

nbs,  mixed 

:,  and  moft 


Frefli 


r,^/.j:  /'///,•  i .  ^"ij 


-■I     I 


!iii 


liijl 


'  If  I 

^': :''.!!. '1.1 


;  ■'    ill  : pi'ii; 


1-      ;■   a     ■' 


!^--'l| 


1  ■'  iii'-'l 

Jiii 

1  Ui| 

f 

1 1:^!! 

:1 

■^  'i 

1 

'■  ^'  1 

i 

!'•: 

t 

^  ■!!  i 

■1 

r^' 


V    .. 


jlll 


\  w 


,.„  .-.toss:-'---  -■^■•, 


l«Miffit.liliU!h| 


^i^sK-KSfe,, 


^^^s^. 


U>-A- 


i^l 


^    Ijf/u-    /-^.•/V<'^^'  u-  d  (//■-'■/.'v./''.    I  L\^/\'J.i-Jj    C  .t<L-  l!,ii>/:  .'/    L  UVi'J  i/v/i'     I  ^V/:'.M.,u(r,/////?/,)  /, 

T.fr.'Tcnx  in  i/unz/'h! ,  ir   /Av.'ww  iii.'tmtiiij  t/u'  Tj/.'/l  ^^7W  to  riuiKJ  'A'^7.''/iv/j  .•.•■'//,v/'!.'///^/,/), 


?*'«;* 


^■*^^or:. 


/u 


ak«^^sii^*s*^« 


Z 


yj.  t/ 


%l    S  /i.Jluiafi:.  .Ill  /.•/xtrnf/ir/U  e,  '//.\'  A\',//\::r  i„  (A/wA/j,,  V'.  //wj/irh 


C 


ii 


P.ia-  4/.  /i^l 


tR-^ 


i?''SS^. 


J*      > 


y.  /,'i'J//i'/': 


jt-' u,  /'.'.  I  r.//\K-,r  JS,.\/x  III  :iu-[r  //c'/Ai'c'.r,  /■' ,     /w  //cV/<\',''  /av/jV'-j' 


I      'h 


M. 


•a 


CHi 


intir. 


tiVlllll. 


J 

n( 
O 
b, 

dc 
I  1 
fer 

Til 
the 
bea 
mu 
hov 
cert 
oft 
CUmihf  they 
'/  /'•»''»-    mea 
com 
A 
leet 
him 
the] 
gree 
two 
head 
to  re 
each 
of; 
hour 
tliis 
otiier 


iriij. 


fine. 


ingi 
TI 
beinc 
fermt 
lofcs 
day  : 
the 
the 
reafor 
the 
few  01 
grave 
tho!  it 


n 


^ 


Chap.  <;.       o/Nigrida,  or  North-Guinea 


?t 


Mtir.  Fredi  water  is  not  to  be  ivicl  every  where. 
At  Ku  i'reico,  tiic  little  river  aUbrtis  it  good 
enough  ;  but  in  many  places  up  the  coun- 
try, they  have  it  out  of  ponds  and  inorafles, 
fo  that  it  is  thick  and  muddy.  For  this 
reafon,  the  king  of  Kayor  his  ( aufcd  two 
deep  wells  to  be  dug  there,  and  made  good 
the  infult's  of  them  with  timber  laid  clofe 
and  crofs-wifc,  to  hinder  the  mouldering  in 
of  the  earth. 
Stsnify  Tl"--  Bliicks  are  generally  very  greedy  of 
ttvtiU  brandy,  by  them  call'd  Sungitni,  wliich 
they  will  drink  as  if  it  were  water,  when 
given  them.  A  Black  being  aboard  a  fliip 
at  Goeree,  and  fpying  an  ink-botile  in  my 
cabbin,  lirank  a  large  dofe,  bclore  he  per- 
ceived it  w.as  no   brandy. 

Pai.m-VVine  and  Palm-Trees. 
'T'HO*  there  be  abundance  of  palm-trees 
■'•  in  this  country,  yet  the  p.ilm-wine  is 
not  fo  common  a  liquor  here  as  on  the  C''d 
Cr.ajl.,  and  at  Ardra,  being  only  ufed  here 
by  the  better  fort  and  llranj^ers. 

Dffii^iiing  in  another  place  a  particular 
dcfcriptioii  of  the  fi'veral  forts  of  palm-trees, 
I  (hall  content  myfelf  at  prefent  with  ob- 
ferving,  that  here  are  three  kinds  of  tliem. 
The  one  is  like  the  date-tree,  another  like 
the  Latinrr-trcc,  but  none  of  tlie  fort  wliich 
bears  the  coco-nuts :  neither  fhall  I  now  fay 
much  of  the  nature  of  tiie  palm-wiric,  or 
how  it  is  made,  but  only   that  they   pay 
certain  duties  to  the  Alcaides,  or  governors 
of  towns,  for  thcfe  palm-trees ;  as  alfo,  that 
Climih^  they  climb  up  to  the  head  of  the  tree  by 
ef  (iim-   means  of  an  iron  or  brafs-hoop,  which  they 
contract  or  let  out,  as  they  have  occafion. 
A  m.m  gets  into  the  hoop,  and  fets  his 
feet  againit    the   tree,    the    hoop  bearing 
him  up  behind,  as  fecure  as  if  he  ftood  on 
the  ground,  and  fo  moves  upwards  by  de- 
grees to  the  top  ofdie  tree,  where  he  makes 
two  or  three  incifions,  juft  below  the  tuft,  or 
head,  making  fall  pots,  or  gourds  to  them, 
to  receive  the  liquor  which  dillils  from  it : 
each  tree  yicliis  about  three  pints  of  wine, 
of  a  pearl  colour.     That  whicii  dillils  an 
hour   before   fun-rifing  is  bell  ;  and  with 
this  fort  they  entertain  the  Emopcam,  and 
other  foreigners,  the  bcft  oi'  the  Blacks  be- 
ing never  without  it. 

This  fort  is  of  a  plcafant  fweet  talte, 
being  ufed  two  or  three  hours  after  it  h.as 
fermented  a  while  in  the  pots  ;  but  foon 
lofes  its  fweetnefs,  and  grows  fourtr  every 
day :  the  older  it  is,  the  more  it  affefts 
the  head.  The  right  palm-wine  fearches 
the  reins,  provokes  urine,  and  it  may  be 
reafonably  concluded,  that  the  conilant  ufe 
the  natives  make  of  it,  is  the  reafon  why 
few  or  none  of  them  are  troubled  with  the 
gravel,  or  the  Hone  in  the  bladder  •,  and 
tho*  it  will  prcfcmly  fly  into  the  head,  when 


triu, 


palm- 

uini. 


ufed  immoderatilv,  yet  tliofe  fumes  are B\7 nor. 
foon  difpeli'd,  v?ith  fecms  very  ftranp.e, <i/V>i 
confidering  how  much  it  works  as  foon  a» 
in  the  pot.  This  fermentation  is  often  fo 
violent  as  to  bleak  the  pots,  unk-fs  care  be 
taken  to  give  the  liquor  vent.  More  of 
this  Ihall  be  fuid  in  my  li;cond  part. 

Sl'im  RsTiTioN   and  Witchcraft. 

Tlir,  Blacks  generally  fet  a-p,art  fomcA-.  of- 
finall  quantity  of  fuch  viftuals  as  ihty /'''>''"'" 
eat,  for  thar  felichrs,  or,  as  fomc  will  have *''■"'• 
it,  for  the  devil,  whom  they  call  CtiWf  to 
oblige  him  to  be  kind  to  thrm  ;  for  if  we 
may  believe  their  own  afllrtions,  he  offrJ 
beats  them.  I  remcnib^'r  a  Blaik,  from 
whole  neck  I  once  puUtd  away  a  C'rig'i, 
or  fpcll,  made  a  hideous  nolle  about  it, 
telling  me,  that  Gune  had  beat  him  moll 
unmercifully  the  next  night  i  and  that  un- 
lefi  I  would,  in  compalfion,  give  him  a 
bottle  cf  li  ly  to  treat  Gio.e,  and  be  re- 
conciled to  fn,  havitg  fullered  me  to 
takeaway  l.u  G  i,  he  was  confident  he 
fhould  be  \h\\\\  kill'd  by  him.  The 
fellow  v.;s  .  polit:ve  in  this  conceit,  and 
roared  '  ch  .  horrible  manner  for  it,  that 
I  Was  fo'-Ci. '  •  3  humotlr  him  for  qui.tncfs 
fake. 

Th  ren-mony  of  fpilling  a  little  liquor,  The  /jmt 
and  I  '  ome  part  of  rice,  or  any  other  i»  Chiui. 
eatabji:  on  ihc  ground,  is  of  great  antiquity 
in  Cbhui,  ;;nd  k'.pt  up  to  this  day.  Co«- 
fiiciits,  their  mod  honour'd  phiiofopiier  and 
divine,  {vaftifed  it,  the  intention  of  it  be- 
ing a  fort  of  obl.ition  to  the  dead ;  who 
in  former  ages  liad  taught  that  nation  to 
till  the  earth,  dreft  meat,  (Jc.  as  Navarnte 
informs  us,  in  his  account  of  C/'iflrt.  It  is 
likely,  that  {\\cBlacks  in  Nigntia  and  Guinea 
might  at  firfl  have  the  fame  reafon  for  this 
ceremony,  though  at  prefent  few  or  none 
underlland  why  they  do  it  j  and  only  al- 
Icdgc  it  is  a  cuftom  tranfmitted  to  them 
from  their  anceftors,  grounding  ihemfclves 
in  many  of  tiiefc  pra(flices  wholly  upon  tra- 
liition,  witiiout  enquiring  into  the  motives. 

Tiiey  have  alfo  a  great  opinion  of  witch- {K//fAff«/r, 
craft,  and  pretend  by  it  to  be  able  to  do 
any  mifchief  they  think  fit  to  tlieir  enemies, 
even  to  taking  of  their  lives ;  as  alfo  to 
difcover  all  fecrets,  and  find  out  hidden 
things,  as  to  compel  a  thief  to  appear  and 
to  rcllorc  what  he  has  Itolen,  he  he  ever 
fo  remote  j  with  many  more  fuch  abfurdi- 
ties. 

Funerals. 
'T'HE  Y  weep  and  lament  over  the  dead Box/lii; 
■■■    as  foon  as  expired,    in  fuch  manner,  «/'*"'"''• 
that  it  is  hideous  and  frightful  to  pafs  by 
the  huts  where  any  BlackYw^  dead,  by  rea- 
fon of  the  horrid  fl-.rieks  and  howling  of 
the  neighbours  and  relations,  who  refort  to 
the  houfe  of  thi  departed  to  bewail  him. 

This 


n 


■y\. 


•  ;t 


■1  i  1 


^^ 


A  Dcfcriptiofi  of  the  Coafh 


Book  I. 


lU  HdT  TIlii  miy  perhaps  be  ilciivM  Irom  tlu-  cuf- 
t/'VNi  turn  ot'  tlic  yfiis,  ;is  wc  fin' I  it  in  St.  Muk 
r,.  ]U.  Jiiii  he  (Jesi's)  comcth  to  toe  hoKjc 
cf  ibi  riiUr  cf  the  f)iiiipgi<e,  and  Ici'tb  tbi 
tiimti't,  aihl  them  thai  ict'jl  mi. I  Utii al grenl- 
h  ;  upon  tlic  death  of  his  il.uigluiT.  Ii  is 
\vtll  known,  tiut  ihcy, ;;.(  in  thi)ll-il,iys  h.ul 
Certain  common  nionrntrs  who  wirc  hirtd 
for  wftping  ami  walling  ovc-r  ilcad  pcrlons. 
KUituUm  I'pon  tlicic  ociafions,  tlicy  .ilk  abundance 
i^u'iliont  of  impiTtimnt  ridiculous  i|ui.(lions,  much 
tttheJ/Aj.-^^^  [lie  fame  nature  as  the  poor  i[;nor,ini  lort 
of  //■'/'  are  reported  to  praCiife  to  this  day  \ 
as  for  example,  ll'by  he  Kou'.d  Ictrcc  them 
after  that  tnaiiitcr  ?  whether  le  ionic d  mil- 
lit,  or  oxen,  or  dcthes,  or  vjca'.th?  ■n.hetbfr 
he  flood  in  need  of  any  more  thun  he  had  F 
cr,  lihether  he  had  not  -xires  er.oii^^h,  or  they 
Kcre  not  handfme  enough  ?  ■u.l.at  harm  any 
tody  held  done  him  ?  and  the  like.  All  thele 
queries  are  repeated  by  every  one  in  the 
co]np.iny  fucccfTively,  the  (iicrt'ts  in  liie 
mc.\n  time  .a'lin^  their  parts  continually 
nn^ing  the  prailes  of  the  party  deccafi  d, 
and  extolling  hi'^  virtues,  attions,  and  ciu.ili- 
tics.  The  dead  jx-rfon  making  no  anfwer, 
thole  who  have  put  their  ijuellions  with- 
draw, to  make  room  for  otlu-rs  to  lucceed 
t!i:m,  ill  repeating  tlie  fame. 

It  was  cullomary    among  the  ^'Irnis  of 
LyI'i.i.  ami  the  adiaeent  parts,  as  we  Ihall 
farther  (how  in  the  Supplement,  upon  thele 
occafions,  for  the  wife,  or  ntxt  ol  kin,  to 
go  out  of  the  tent,  or  barrack,   howling  af- 
ter a  flr.uige    manner   Ilm-la-lori,    as  the 
Iiifl)  do  over  the  graves  of  their  friends  de- 
parted.    Hy  the  I  I  th  of  St.  'John,  vcr.  3  i .  it 
aj-ipears,  tliat  tlie  Je-ics  often  repaireil  to  the 
graves  ro  hew.nl  their  dead,  as  is  there  (hown 
in  the  inflance  of  iV/()n',  the  MXeroi  l.tizanii. 
Vmtii  of      If  it  be  a  boy  that  is  dead,  the  maids 
td)!-         and  women  fing ;  and  the  other  boys  run 
at  ont-  another  with  all  the  force  they  are 
able,  holding  naked  cutlaccs  in  their  hands, 
which  they  clatter  together  -,  and   making 
many  extravagant  motions  anvl  gellures,  too 
impertinent  to  be  defcnbed. 
Fw.trit         The  funerals  are  performed  with  niuili 
""'"""""■  ftatc  and  ceremony.     In  fome  places  they 
bury  the  corpic  in  the  houfe  it  belonged  to, 
taking  olT  the   round  roof  of  it,  and  re- 
doubling their  cries :  then  four   mourners 
flantl  in  a  I'quare,  each  holding  a  cloth  ex- 
tended, ..    it  were  to  cover  the  corpfe,  that 
it  may  no:  be  leen  by  the  company.    Next 
the  M(n  about  whifpers  fome  words  in  the 
car  of  the  dcccaled,  covering  him  with  a 
white  fheet,  or  piece  of  callico.     This  be- 
ing done,  they  fet  on  the  roof  of  the  hut 
ag.iin,  over  which  they   hang  fome   cloths 
of  one,  or  of  feveral  colours  ;    and  clofe 
by  the  lioufe  they  let  up  a  pole,  1   i  which 
they  hang  the  arms,   bow,  quiver,  lavclin, 
Isc,  of  the  perlon  deccalcd  >  and  having  a 


fimry,  that  the  dead  cat  in  the  gr.ivo,  they 
let  by  them  .1  pot  t)\' Ciniimui,  and  another 
of  water,  lor  lever.il  months. 

It  IS  a  lommon  cullom  among  the  Bar-  n,  f,,„, 
kiriam  o\  Muroieo,  /vv-,  &c.  to  let  me.it on'"  Mu- 
thegr.ive.,  .v.\A  to  bury  lilver,  jewels,  and  ""•'■'' O' 
other  things  with  the  corple,  that  the  de.id 
may  w.uu  none  of  the  convenicncies  in  the 
other  world,  which  they  had  in  this. 

At  other  places,  the  funerals  arc  after  ^„,/,„ 
this  manner.  Some  drummers  marc'i  Iv-firt. 
fore  the  comjiany,  alter  them  f()llo\/  the 
nearell  relations  ot  tlw  deceafed  1  then  his 
wives,  if  it  be  a  man,  or  the  hulb.uul,  if 
a  woman  1  and  then  the  corple,  followed 
by  all  the  pe;)ple  of  ihe  village,  of  both 
fexes.  Being  come,  in  this  order,  to  the 
place  of  burial,  which  is  very  often  on  fome 
riling  ground,  or  hill,  they  lay  the  corple 
in  the  grave,  llark  naked,  .iml  fill  it  up 
with  earth.  About  the  grave  they  eie^t 
levcr.d  little  round  luiis,  much  like  our  ice- 
liouks  ill  hot  couiitrii  s  ;  and  over  thole 
huts,  they  fet  up  the  rounil  roof  of  the 
decealed  perlou's  houfe,  diljilaying  on  the 
top  of  it  a  flag,  or  white  fheet,  cut  in  pieces, 
that  being  thus  rent,  it  may  not  be  ftoien 
away,  as  being  rendcrtil  quite  ulelels. 

It  is  frequent  among  thele  people,  for  Biriarii, 
the    nearelf   relations,  as   brothers,  filters, "/ *"""■'•'• 
L^e.  to  t.ike  away  for  their  own  ufe,  all  the 
good'.,  or   wealth  the  party   deceafed    has 
left  i  thus  robbing  his  own  children,  and 
expuling  liikiii  to  the  grcaiell  mifery. 


Cha] 


Rain  <;«./  Tucnder. 
'T'lIE  B'.iuki,  m  general,  have  a  great R/nVi; /•«• 
'*■    dread  of  the  rainy  lealbn,  becaufe  they/"" /«*'>• 
are  thm,  lor  the  molt  part,  muchainided 
V,  itli  liife.ills  of  feveral  forts,  which  nukes 
them  very  cautious  ot  travelling-,  nay,  molt 
of  them  will  Icarce  come  out  of  their  houfes, 
but  keep  clofe  confined  in   them  during  all 
that   fcalon,   w'  h   a   conltant   fire,    about 
which  they  lie   all  night,  in  a  ring,  with 
their  leet   towards  it  1  fo  to  dr.iw  out  and 
dry  up  the  moillure,  tliey  fancy  thole  lower 
parts  have  dr.iwn  in,  during  the  day  ;  and 
look  upon  it  as  the  occafion  of  the  feveral 
dillempers  their  bodies  are  fubject  to. 

Nor  are  they  lels  apprehcnfive  of  t\\\in- vri.id  ^ 
iler,  whicji  is  very  iViquent  in  the  co.intry  »''«"</'  . 
at  that  lealbn,  being  die.ulful  loud,  ancl.it- 
teiidcd  with  terribL  H.iflies  of  lightning. 
When  it  happens  to  thunder  on  a  fuddcn, 
as  they  are  abroad  in  the  fit  Ids,  or  on  the 
road,  they  lie  down  flat,  with  their  faces 
to  the  ground,  till  it  is  over,  or  at  lealt 
till  the  violence  of  the  claps  abates. 

Si.EEiM.Nc,  D.ANciNo,  rt/;..  Wrestling, 
'T^'HO'    tlicy   conlLintly  take  a  nap,  of 

*■  an  hour  or  two,  after  dinner,  yecthey 
go  to  bed  early,  in  dark  nights  \  but  when 

the 


ItwJ 


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place 
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the  uf( 
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Book  I. 

they 
Oilier 

Bar-  rh,  f.,m, 
:.it  on '"  ^'u- 

:  dcul 
in  tlic 

atcer  Anetint 

:\  bc-fi'i- 
i\/  the 
nil  his 
uul,  it 
llowcil 
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10  the 

11  loiim 
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I  it  up 
r  crcYt 
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on  tlie 
I  pieces, 
:  ftolen 
Is. 

pic,    foTHJri»riit 

niters, "/  *"""■'•'■ 

all  the 
fcJ  has 
en,  and 

y- 

a  great  R^iny  ['*• 
ulc  thcy/"''/"''^- 
afflidcd 
n  nukes 
ly,  moll 
houfes, 
ring  all 
,    about 
g,  with 
(nit  and 
I'c  lower 
IV  ;  and 
i.veral 

)t    tllUn-  Vrr-U  cj 
iLu-intry  '''«'"'' 

antl  at- 
Ightning. 

fuJdell, 

on   the 
Itir  fates 

at  lealt 

L'S. 

Itling, 

I  nap,  of 
Jytt  they 
|ut  when 

the 


Chap.  ?. 


o/'Nigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


?3 


§  the  moon  fhine«,  they  fit  up  to  dance  and 

'  fmoak,   with  tiieir  wives  and  neighi)ours. 

Their  dances  are  commonly    in  a  round, 
,'■  fintihii',  the  next  thing  tiiat  occur";,  whether 

;j'|  ft-nle  or  nonlcnie.     Some  ol  them  lland  in 

i»  the  muMle  ot  the  ring,  holding  one  liand 

on  th.ir  head,  anil  the  other  behind  their 
w.iill,  advancing  and  llriitting   out    their 
l^i        belly  lorwards  and  beating  very  hard  with 
Uuiiiti.    their  feet  on  the  ground.    Others  cl.ip  their 
'.  hands  to  the  noife  of  a  kettle,  or  a  cala- 

■'M  bafli,  fitted  tor  a  miifical  inltrumeiit.  When 

%  young  nien,  or  boys,  dance  with  maiilens, 

3  or  women,  both  fides  always  make  abun- 

W  dance  of  lafcivious  gelhires  ;  and  every  now 

and  then  each  t.ikes  a  draught  of  palm- 
wine  to  encourage  the  fport. 
KiJitultui  Tlie  men  often  cxercife  tiiemfelvcs  at 
wnjUing.  wrellling,  putting  tiiemfelves  into  many  ri- 
diculous iiolhires,  as  they  .ipproach  one  an- 
other, either  holling  out  a  linger,  the  fift, 
or  the  loot  tow.irds  the  .intagoiiill  v  one  or 
more  (iui'wii  Itanding  by,  and  be.uing  a 
drum,  or  playing  on  lome  lort  ot  their  noify 
mafKk,  to  entourage  the  combat. mis.  Be- 
ing Hark  nakeil  at  this  liiort,  he  who  is 
thrown,  lel<!(jnu()mcs  olf  without  fome  hurt 
or  bruile,  and  Ibinetimes  they  both  futfer 
conliderably.  Tiie  great  fati^fa6tioll  tliey 
h.ive  in  throwing  their  antiigonills,  confilts 
in  the  Giiiiiit\  extolling  tiieir  valour  with 
a  lo'.id  voice,  and  encouraging  them  to  gain 
many  more  Inch  vidories. 


tafling 
vJfraJl- 
tug  at 
tufi. 


RAM.'kDAX    and  pEASTINf;. 

FXURING  the  time  of  x.\\v\t  Ramndan, 
whii  h  is  the  MihomtlM  lent,  and  fills 
the  whole  month  of  Septt'inlhr,  they  have 
great  feading  and  rejoicing  at  night ;  whith, 
from  the  PorluxuiJl\  they  tall  FJ^ar,  that 
ij,  lo  make  merry.  They  arc  then  lorbid 
eating,  drinking,  and  fmo.iking  in  the  day- 
time ;  and  fome  are  fo  v.-ry  precife,  that 
they  will  not  fpit,  or  fcarce  do  any  other 
thing,  if  they  can  avoid  it  i  but  as  foon  as 
the  fun  is  let,  or  the  tirlf  liar  appears,  they 
all  t  ill  to  te.illing  with  an  intolerable  noife 
of  drums,  and  never  give  over  eating  and 
drinking  till  the  fun  rills  again,  with  great 
excels  and  debauchery. 

.^  Visit  fa'ul  to  Conde,  .'?'if  Vicerov. 

Condf,  15EFORK  I  proceed  upon  the  fubjeft  in 
j  ii«r«y      ^  hand,  it  will  not  be  ungrateful,  in  this 

»'jt*">-  place,  to  give  an  account  of  the  vifit  I 
once  paid  to  old  CntuL;  viceroy  and  genc- 
ralifTmio  ol  the  forcis  of  king  Darnel,  at 
the  village  of  RmIjo.,  about  a  mile  up  the 
country,  in  order  to  fettle  a  good  corre- 
fpondence,  between  the  Blacks  and  the 
French  tadors  at  Cioeree,  which  had  been 
interrupted  for  feveral  months,  on  account 
of  the  curtoms  lor  wood  and  water,  for 
the  ufe  of  the  company's  Ihips  i  which  will 
Vol.  V. 


farther  dcmonllMtc  the  dexterity  of  thcfcBAunoT. 
people  at  bodily  exercilcs.  \y>/^^ 

1  had  in  my  company  the  head  f.irtor  oi  sumtr  ,f 
Goerf,;  whon'  the  i'lench  rail  governour, '"' /f"^'"/ 
and  a  lile  of  foldiers  from  the  fdit.  Being ""''"""• 
all  landed  in  the  bay,  near  the  cape,  wo 
walkeil  about  a  mile  and  a  halt  up  the 
country  through  a  thick  co[)le,  or  wood, 
to  a  Imall  village,  cMW  RacI.'o,  where  we 
found  Conde  fitting  on  a  mat,  under  a  large 
round  thatch'd  roof,  with  a  Icng  tohacco- 
pijie  in  his  mouth,  accitiding  to  the  culloiii 
ot  the  country,  anil  live  or  fix  ot  his  wives 
about  him  in  a  ring,  finely  drelfed  alter 
their  manner.  When  I  drew  near  him,  he 
Hood  up,  took  me  by  the  hand,  and  bid 
me  wckome  ;  next,  he  defired  me  to  fit 
ilown  on  his  right  hand,  which  being  done, 
a  fiave,  by  his  order,  broui^it  me  a  cala- 
balli  ot  p.ilm-wine.  That  ceremony  being 
over,  1  made  him  the  ulu.d  prelenis,  eon- 
filling  of  lomc  trivial  things,  to  the  value 
of  about  three  crowns ;  and  then  decl.ired 
to  him,  in  French,  tlie  oteafion  ot  my  com- 
ing, whith  a  lil:uk,  who  underllood  Fr.nch, 
interpretid  in  his  own  language.  Here- 
upon the  viceroy  agreed,  that  tor  the  fu- 
ture, the  FrcHib  company's  lliips  llioald 
pay  no  more  tiun  :;o  bars  of  iron  each, 
in  full  tor  all  culloms,  according  to  r'le 
agreement  made  in  the  year  1677,  with 
the  Alcaide  Med:tup  ;  befiiles  two  dry  huics 
tor  every  long  boat,  or  pinnace,  which 
ihould  fetch  water,  or  wood  from  the 
fliore. 

As  foon  as  the  contradl  was  concluded,  D»ntt. 
We  were  lurrounded  by  a  great  number  of 
Bhcki,  men  and  women,  who  formeil  a 
dance  to  the  found  of  levcral  of  their  in- 
llruments  •,  which  killed  a  confiiierable  lime, 
and  was  not  altogether  unpleaftng  to  us, 
tho'  odil  and  extravagant  in  itfelf. 

The  dancers  being  withdrawn,  Conde Cimtli, 
Hood  up,  and  invited  me  to  fee  his  camels 
and  horlcs,  which  were  at  a  fmati  dillancc. 
I  obferved,  that  the  camels  were  but  of  a 
middle  llature,  and  not  exadlly  like  thofe 
of  Ajia. 

This  is  rather  a  fort  of  dromedaries,  be-or  .itimf 
jng  fmall,  lean,  and  tender,  only  tit  inrJ^oti. 
c.irrying  of  men  ,  but  fo  far  excelling  in 
Iwiftnefs,  that  it  is  reported,  they  will  tra- 
vel an  hundred  miles  a  day,  for  feven  or 
eight  days  fucceflively,  witli  little,  or  next 
to  no  food,  which  is  a  little  grafs,  or  brow- 
zing  on  the  leaves  of  trees.  The  Jr.;b 
Moors  call  this  fort  of  camels  Ra^mibd,  or 
Elmahari ;  and  they  are  commonly  ufed  in 
Lybia  for  travelling  through  thedel'.irts. 

Dromedaries  are  m.ule  ule  of  in  the  em- 
pire oi  Morocco,  upon  occafion  ot  liafty, 
urgent  atl'iirs.  They  ditfer  Irom  a  camel, 
only  in  being  le.iner  and  much  fwifter ;  tjua- 
litics  which  are  natural  to  them,  and  very 
V  peculiar  j 


I 


f  ► 


:l  : 


1     I 


:  h 


<;4 


A  Dcfcription  of  the  Coajls         Book  Ij 


Aribu. 


Her'n. 


R\Riii>T  jvfiili.ir ;  for  if  we  mny  truiit  tlic  n.i- 
s^Y^^  lives  ol  tli.it  country,  this  l)f,ill  will  tr.ivtrl 
ten  1<MRU«  in;i  ti.iy,  tor  cvi-ry  d.iv  it  lifmls 
inflci'l'iiin  Ix'torc  it  loulii  Iit  tlillifiCtly,  .li- 
ter ii»  tirli  coining  into  the  worlil.  S«>  th.it, 
if  It  lloejis  fix  il.iys,  .is  loon  ,ii  it  < onus  Iruni 
till'  il.iin,  it  will  tr.ivcl  lixty  ha^',ucs,  .iiul 
fit  more  or  lets  in  iiroiiortmn.  Sonic  ilojio- 
fitivi-Iy  .ilfiriii,  th.it  the  iinile  o\  the  prt  lint 
emperor  of  A/i/n CO  iIkI  thus  ride  .i  luiiuhcil 
1  .iy;uts  in  iiiijy  1  and  do  .idJ,  th.it  the  t.i- 
tiftue  of  this  w.iy  of  tr.ivelling,  whieli  is  liui 
the  dronitilaries  lonll.int  p.ue,  is  tiiu.il  to 
the  LXi)ediiion,  and  ili.it  it  was  inipoirible 
t<ir  the  traveller  to  hold  it,  i!id  lie  not  eaule 
himlelf  to  be  l.dl  bound  to  liie  I'.uliile,  ami 
jus  mouth  to  be  coverM,  tor  kar  of  being 
kitVocattvl.  The  bunch  on  tiie  b.uksol  ilule 
nremi.U-  eJiTitls  or  dromed.iries  is  tiii.iiler,  in  iiro- 
rin  *nd  |X)i tion,  than  that  of  the  camels  in  /liwhui 
i.tmth  cf  tbejlon),i:.\\\\\  R.hirians.  The  dromeilaries 
of  Jrabia  have  two  bunches  on  tli(  ir  back, 
and  are  nuich  fwitter  tlun  the  /h.ihi.iit  c.i- 
niels',  but  thele  here  have  another  fm.iller 
bunch  on  their  (lom.ith,  wlmh  lervcs  tluin 
to  le.in  on  when  they  rell. 

Some  ol  the  horles  Iccm'd  to  inc  pretty 
fine  i  but  all  very  Imall. 

I  laving  f(>ent  .ibout  two  hours  at  tiiis  inter- 
view, I  took  my  have  ot  the  old  gentlrman, 
who  bid  the  interpreter  tell  me,  he  would  be.ir 
me  comp.iny  to  the  water-lide,  and  Ice  me 
fate  in  (he  pinnace.  I  admirM  .ill  the  way 
how  the  pct)ple  ot  the  neighbouring  cottages 
•ind  hamlet-s  being  intonnM  that  Conite 
was  going  down  to  the  water-liile,  flockM 
about  us,  pulling  oiK  their  fandals  from  as 
tar  as  they  could  fee  him,  and  prollrating 
themli  Ivcs  ll.it  on  the  grouml  Ix'tbrc,  throw- 
ing land  or  earth,  with  both  hinds,  over 
their  own  heads  -,  which  among  llicm  are  the 
iilual  tokens  of  rellK'd,  paid  to  perlons  in 
eminent  dignity. 
j1nii/ii4iiy  1  liis  pradice  of  proftrating  on  the  ground 
cf  prsjlr*-  before  perfons  in  a  high  (lation,  ajjpeari  l)v 
ancient  hillory  to  have  been  tollov/d  by  .ill 
the  caitern  nations,  and  commonly  uliftl  by 
the  people  ot  Iiracl;  whcrcot  we  find  many 
inltances  in  holy  writ,  of  which  1  Ih.dl  only 
point  out  thofc  of  king  D.i-jhi  .uui  /Jbigiiit, 
I  Sam.  25.  23.  Mephtbojhetb,  2  Sam.g.  6.  /li/- 
Jiiiom,  //>.  14.  33.  and  Batb-Jl<ebal>,  1  Kings 
I.  16.  &  I.  31.  It  is  (till  practis'd  in  feve- 
ral  eartcrn  countries,  and  particularly  in  the 
dominions  of  the  Mcgol. 

All  the  way  we  walk'd  to  the  li.a-fide,  1 
had  two  of  Conde's  Guirwis,  one  on  eacli 
fi  ie  of  me,  who  never  ccas'd,  in  their  liirt 
of  tone,  to  fing  a  kind  of  panegyrick  in 
prail'e  of  me,  as  1  was  inform'd  t)y  the  in- 
tcrjjreter.  The  long  was  attended  with  a- 
bu'idance  of  grimaces,  geftures,  and  f>;i[)- 
ping,  which,  tho'  very  difagrceable  to  me, 
yet  1  durll  not  command  them  to  give  uvtr, 


Cii 


Hfi'ttl 
turn. 


""S- 


frAI  IS 


lor  tearof  dilobliging  thcii  mailer,  it  b<'ing 
the  ciillom  ot  the  greit  men  among  the 
lil.hk.\  li)  to  honour  the  tuiir0fi,ini  that  tome 
to  lee  th  tn. 

When  wc  were  comt  to  the  fra-fide, /(fMi 
G;/;..'.',  to  lli.iw  me  how  exfiert  he  w.is  at  *""*«"• 
riding  an'l  managing  a  horle,  inoiinted  iipon 
one  01  the  moll  fiery,  which  he  had  cuis'J 
to  be  brought  along  with  hiin,  and  which 
hr  laid  was  of  li.itb.trs  I  own  I  could  not 
but  admire  to  lee  a  man  at  li'vcnty  ye.irs  ol 
.ige  lohail  and  .idive  .15  he  then  was;  tor 
during  above  a  quarter  of  .in  hour,  he  put. 
himUll  into  leveral  |)nlhires,  and  jxrtormM 
divers  motions  .1  horfback.  .Sometimes  he 
put  his  horle  ii|K)n  lull  Iperd  on  the  ilr.iiiJ, 
dartii  g  .m  .hri^Jia  or  |.iviliii  with  the  right, 
hand  bctore  ihe  horfe,  anil  running  to  Issitily, 
as  to  catch  it  .igain  witli  the  lame  h.irid,  be- 
torc  it  till  to  the  ground  •,  oril  it  happened 
to  tail,  he  would  take  it  up  again  without 
tlopping  in  the  cireer  ;  which  was  the  more 
turpri/.ing  to  us,  Ixc.uile  no  horks  wliat- 
locvcr  aietlcerer  than  thiife  ol  liuiinrv. 

It  is  I'roper  here  to  oblcrve,  that  tin:  /ff-  AlTi^'vjir 
/./;M)(j  or  lavelin  above  iiKntion'd,  as  darted^**'""" 
by  Conde,  is  a  tiart  ot  lance,  or  rather  a 
halt-pike  univcrl.illy  uleil  by  all  the  bUuki  of 
Nixriliii;  (iuinca,  and  I'.thioiia,  as  will  bo 
farther  made  appear  in  the  courfe  of  tliii 
general  dekription  ot  thole  parts  ot  .'/« 
Ir'na. 

'I'his  fort  ol  weapon  is  ot  very  ancient  ufigc 
inihee.illeriuouiurusot,//?./,  and  mall  pro-  iii<"ti- 
b.ibiluy  among  the //t'A^A-i'ji  torweofienlim!'""'' 
it  nuntion'd  in  holy  writ  umlcr  the  leveral 
denomin.iiions  of  lance,  j.ivcJin,  dart,  iirr. 
Pl'in,\ij  kill'd  Ziinn  and  Cofli  with  a  javelin, 
j\ii/nl'.  ify.  7,  S.  .S'd«/lmites  Daw,/ with  the 
j.ivelin,  I  S,irn.  if).  10.  DdW  took  away 
.V.;«/'s  javtlin  and  water-pot  out  of  his  lent, 
Iv.  10.  16.  yof;// ihrult  three  darts  through 
the  heart  of /■//// j/ow,  2  Siim.  \S.  14.  The 
ancients  always  reprefented  PuHis  holding.! 
javelin  or  lance  in  her  hand;  .ind  all  men  of 
ilillintiion  always  carried  a  javelin  in  one 
hand,  //wvr  airigns  |avclins  to  his  heroes, 
as  the  RuH.ins  did  to  their  !:}u:riiini  and  o- 
ther  gods ;  .ind  the  emperor  ol  Morocco  al- 
w.iys  rides  with  an  .ijl'ij^aia  in  his  hand.  See 
a  larther  account  ol  thefe  weapons  herci 
.liter. 

It  mud  be  owiiM,  that  many  of  theft  r;j,>,. 
li'.aiki  of  t\iiir:iui  .ire  excellent  horfemcn, 
which  in  all  likelihood  tliey  learn  in  •■lum- 
lilt  and  (.ieiiib'jii  their  neighbouring  nations, 
which  have  acquired  it  by  tlieir  commerti; 
with  the  fiibjciiti  of  Morvac.  All  men,  who 
are  vcrs'd  in  hillory,  muil  know  that  the 
Monr^  were  always  ex.eUent  at  ridin^>, ;  a» 
particularly  was  lormerly  ublervablc  ii-  the 
Moen  ol  (iruiia.iay  w!  ol'"  ra'.j.-g.in  '  riUing 
was  ,i(imi/'il  by  all  r.'ieir  eontemiwr.iries:  and 
at  this  vcrv  time  Uis  AicwJol  M-r: .'•<■«' are 

to 


fiufim 


Iimirtli. 


I( 

n 

tl 

V 

fk 

w 
b, 
!i. 
fii 


ati 


Ami' 
(til. 


h.l 
llj' 

fir, 

111  i 

h 

of 

.1 

III 

of 

lici 

pie( 
ll.ill 


It 


■'i  « 


pi, 

ff  fraife.    HOU 
flinj. 

rain 
pl.ii 
give 

men 


BookIj  Chap.?.  of  Nigritfa,  <9>*  North-Guinea. 


S-T 


bcinft 
tome 

w.i!.  at  *""»"• 

c.ius'J 

whicti 
LiKl  nut 
,iMrs  ol 
isi  tor 

lie  put 
rturiuM 
iints  lic 

Itr.kiKl, 
l\c  nnUi 
il>%itiiy. 
Jill,  bf- 

i.llil'tllCll 

without 
he  iiiiire 
Ics  wlut- 

I'arw 

t  liu:  ///-  '^"••:"» 

;is  iLirtcuJ 
r.iihtT  ii 
:  BLicki  of 
IS  will  ba 
"e  ot  lhi« 
rts  ot   .'/- 

:ienturiigc 
m  all  pro- """'^• 
:i)tu'nniii.^ 
lie  lcvct,il 
d.ut,  U-r. 
li  JAVclin, 

(  wit  lithe 
:ook  ;iw.iy 
)f   his  itnt, 

ts  ihroii^h 

14.      'l''»° 
hokling  a 

all  men  ot 
ilin  in  one 
his  heroes, 
imi  anil  o- 

{jrocco  al- 
Ihand.    See 

)ons  heri'T 

ly  cjf  thcfe  Ki»/nx. 

horfemcn, 
|rn  in  7cw- 

ng  natioas, 

lonimtrid 

nun,  xvho 
|w  that  the 

rilling,  •,  a» 
lablc  11:  tlie 

Vi '  riUins 

)r.iries:  and 

Vl"T:ca/  Are 
to 


I 


fo  much  adilifteil  to  thii  exerriCe,  tint  the 
(•ni|)rror'!i  Cons,  at  niiir  or  ten  years  o(  af',e, 
will  ridr  an  unruly  horlf  birj-  ndi>M,  wiili 
out  hoot*  or  Tpurv,  and  lit  lalt  \  it  Ix  in[» 
the  \fo<iti/li  I'athion  to  mount  horles  bare  ve- 
ry early,  as  well  for  the  I  ikcof  tiie  be;i(l  11 
of  th  ■  man,  bciaul'e  they  thus  break  colts  at 
a  year  old. 

G  U  I  R  I  O  T  9. 

IT  ii  convenient  I  IhnuKI  in  tliii  place  give 
Ibnie  account  ot  thi'  (luii'^i^,  liavini^  levc- 
ral  time*  mndi.-  mention  ot  ilw  in. 
fuftm  The  name  oi'Cmnui,  m  th'.  ir  tongue,  pro- 
iufamtiii.  perly  lii',nili«"'  •»  bulFuon,  ami  they  are  a  fort 
of  fycophants.  The  kiii;',s  and  ^reat  nun 
in  this  country,  keep  cai  h  of  them  two, 
three,  or  more  of  tin  le  f>/</M7!  to  divert 
fiiem,  and  entert.iin  tt)rti|',ners  upon  occa- 
lion.  Thefe  men  are  fo  nv\<  h  delpis'd  by  all 
r!v  other  Hlads,  that  they  not  onlyatiount 
tiiem  infamous,  but  will  tiarc  •  allow  them 
a  f^ravc  when  tliey  die  \  believiiii;  the  earth 
would  never  produce  any  Iriiit  or  plants 
tliouKl  it  be  defiled  with  iheirdcail  can  .ifl'es, 
nor  will  they  throw  iluircor|)s  into  ponds 
or  livers,  lor  tear  of  killiii[r  the  (iih,  and 
th  r,  tore  they  only  tin ull  them  iniothe  hol- 
low trunks  or  Humps  of  tre(  s.  I  lowevcr, 
notwithlfandiuj^  this  niMn  comeit  among 
the  people,  the  (liiirio.'s  have  the  fole  Jiri- 
vilej^e  of  tarrying  the  OLivil'/i,  that  is,  the 
gri  Ml  long  drum  royal,  made  of  .1  line  goat- 
(k'li,  before  th'.;  kin;;  when  he  gcs  to  war  1 
■wliiih  the  Gmri-)t  hingfi about  iiis  neck,  and 
beats  with  liiull  lliciv"!,  orwitli  his  hands, 
hallooing  aloud  with  a  wrctcl'.ed  voice,  and 
linking  liiiidry  torts  of  tones  to  nonlcnfical 
words.  At  other  times,  to  divert  tin  ir  ma- 
Ifers  or  foreigners,  they  have  11  timbrel, 
after  the  MnrijCo  fafliion,  made  like  our 
flat  ball  balkets,  ty'd  aihw.irt  with  feveral 
fniall  firings,    whieh  tiiey  touch  with  one 

hand,  or  j',n'fl'  *'f''  ''"•'''  ''i'!''''''*  •""'  ''^''^ 
uj'on  it  \vith  the  other. 

Others  .igiin  play  on  another  liirtof'mu- 
firal  inltrument  call'd  tiil:tf,',  which  would 
iiid<ea  tohrablr  harmony,  if  well  managed, 
for  it  founds  like  a  !iari>liioid  ;  being  a  let 
of  calib.iOies  or  gourds  made  fall  together  in 
.1  row,  with  firings  of  feveral  fizesover  them 
In  a  tuneable  ordu-.  Others  alloiile  .1  kind 
of  lute,  made  of  a  hollow  piece  of  a  par- 
titular  fort  of  wood,  cover'd  over  with  a 
piece  of  fkin  or  le.uher,  having  two  or  three 
ii.iir  firings,  and  at  the  llo[)s,  liime  little 
plates  of  iron  and  liiiall  bells. 
V  (V^f^rJ  ^  '^"^  Ulitcks  look  upon  it  as  a  great  ho- 
of irai/i.  nour  done  to  any  man,  to  have  his  praifes 
lung  by  the  king's  Guirints ;  tor  they  gene- 
rally afieft  being  ll.itter'd,  as  fond  of  ap- 
plaufc  and  commendation,  and  will  therefore 
give  any  thing  they  have  to  be  fo  compli- 
mented by  the  Gninots ;  .ind  the  rather,  be- 


'limirth. 


B  I'lfc  mu 


(itt. 


ciufe  it  they  »!(<  not  reward  thrmRenTiMidy,  i* 

lliolc  Guih'fs  will  abiili-  ■mv\  difunv  theni  "'V*^ 
as  mu  h  as  they  infore  cxtoU'd  .mil  maitiii- 
liid  them:  tor  it  ii  another  piiviloj^eol  tnofc 
fellows,  to  llandtr  and  reproach  wiiom  tl  ey 
l)leafc,  without  any  checksor  fearof  punilh- 
ment;  and  thcrrtorc  tome  will,  upon  oeci- 
lion,  nrelent  tUvGi'iriot  with  two  cir  throe 
bullocks  V  and  others  will  ilrii'themUlvisof 
:>ll  the  clothes  they  havi-,  tiio*  iver  fo  va- 
luible,  to  prclent  him. 

The  ulu.il  cint  of  thefe  htirtoons,  either  "''•"'' 
in  fpc.iknig  or  tinging  upon  the  like  occa-"'^'^'''*' 
lions,  as  I  was  iiilorm'd  t)y  the  interpretir, 
is  no  more  than  this:  fit  ii  it  \^r,utt  man,  o>  a 
^^r,\it  lord;  ).<:hncb.  In-  is  jcccr/'u!,  heisy/- 
ncr.i.s,  he  ha^  fir-vSangaia  r.r  i>-a>:ti\  j  and 
much  more  I'ueh  wretched  ll.il  ,  often  re- 
jK-ated,  with  fu  h  linry  voices,  bawling,  and 
imi'ertment  geltures  anil  gnimccs,  th.it  it 
mulf  tire  .iny  but  a  M  uk:  n.iy,  fiiimtim.s 
it  is  ill  a  miniier  intolerible,  anil  yet  mull 
not  b  found  fault  with,  but  rather  appi  ud- 
ed,  .IS  it  cxtr.ioi  I'niry  plealing.  Among 
many  liich  exprefPions  as  ibove-metitioiiM, 
whicli  CniuL''iGiitr,o:s  tiled  to\*in!s  in  ,  they 
otteiu'fl  repeated,  T'',;/  /  ivas !  .n-  kir.^'i  <  <  i,f 
jhivr,  thinking  tli.y  did  me  a  niiylity  ho- 
nour. 


I 


•T'h:  Government. 

N  foinc  countries  the  crown  is  liereditary, 

inotiiers  eleiftive.     In  lom 'of  tlu  heieiii  tsroihrri 
tary  countries,    as  loon  as  the  king  i-  de.i  !,,"""•'• 
his  brother  llu  cecds,  and  not  iiis  loii ;    bur 
when  the  brother  dies,  tnc  Ibii  of  tlie  loi-iiur 
king  afccnds  the  throne,    and  after  him  his 
brother  again,  and  not  Iiis  liin. 

In  other  hereditary  kingdoms,  iieitlu  r  tlie  ^•"■'■'V7'"' ^ 
brother  nor  the  Ion  lucceeds,  fiut  th  ■  n;  |>!i.  w  'l"'f"^'' 
by  the  filler's  fidei  and  the  reafoii  they 
give  tor  it,  is,  liecaiile  it  is  uncertain  whe- 
ther the  children  the  king  has  are  of  his 
own  getting  1  but  his  lilK  r's  i  hifircn  cannot 
fail  of  being  of  the  blood-royal,  nndconlc- 
quently  they  are  lure  of  fuch  a  king,  ,uiJ 
no  other  can  be  fo. 

In  the  eKi'tive  countries,  wlicn  the  kji'f;  £...?;v» 
is  dead,  three  or  fimr  of  th ■•  gre  itelt  men  n  '"'^^'^ 
the  nation  make  choice  fioni  .'inong  tl:  n- 
felves  of  the  per.'on  thy  think  firiell  to  luc- 
ceed  in  th.it  dignity  ;  relirving  abvav^  to 
themfelves  the  right  of  de[)onng  or  IvVilli- 
ing  him,  as  tiiey  iball  afterv.ards  {'•■■■■\  fit, 
ill  calcot  any  mifman.igement  ;  whiCh  h  of- 
ten the  occ'fion  of  mighty  troubles  ;m  !  civil 
wars,  becaule  of  the  m.iny  pretenders  or  fe- 
veral intereds  that  arc  made  u;ioi  liich 
caflons;  therebeinn  dwiy,  miny  kinJr  jT 
relations  of  the  i!  •  js'd  kin.;  ieft  b  ,  '  :, 
who,  notwithllan  :-g  ti-.at  conllitiition.  lio 
endeavour  by  open  force  to  ilcp  into  the 
throne. 

Bit 


Illl 


i 


h 


■It 


■I 


'■({ 


III 


11 


^6 


y^  Defer iption  of  the  Coafis 


Book  I. 


Ch 


P\i( "'-■'.     But  whether  theking  become  Inch  hy  rif.'ht 

^■'VNi'  or  \'ii/lcni:e,  .is  loon  as  ever  he  is  iiivcltnl  with 

f-'if-'i      the  royal  autliority,  the  people  pay  vcrv 

?'"'"        great  rel'peCt  ami  veneration  to  his  perl'un 

an'.l  chi.f  officers    Such  a  one  was  Or,i.le,  of 

whom  I  have  ahc.uly  IhowM  how  miicli  he 

was  iionoiir'cl  by  tile  IV..:  ks  in  my  prefence. 

Al-V.Mf        Inch','  lame  manner,  by  whattbevcr  title 

|i»».r.       tij^.j;,  i^jpijrj  jj.^.[  tiip  trown,  tiic  moment  of 

their  inaih'.ur.ition  tlicy  .ilTumc a  haughty  car- 
riagc  towariis  iheir  I'ubjids,  ot  what  qua- 
lity Ibever,  ami  do  tyrannize  over  them  at 
tlilcntion,  fo  siblbiiite  is  tlieir  authority: 
neither  can  any  man,  tho'  ever  lo  great, 
prellinie  to  come  into  his  prLl'mce,  witliout 
his  Ipecial  commantl  or  leave. 
~,'iit  fui-  VVh.-n  a  B!i!ck  of  ever  lb  great  diftindion 
iKiJion  has  ocrafion  to  petition  tlie  i<ing,  he  is  to 
/*'''•  take  oir  liis  cotton  lliirt  or  trock,  and  l.iy  it 
on  one  ol  liis  fhoulders,  leaving  ilu  body  na- 
ked from  tlie  wailt  upwards,  .uul  appreuh- 
ing  near  tiie  king  in  that  manner,  he  kneels 
down,  bnws  his  liead,  kilV.s  the  ground, 
atttr  t.ikir,i;  ciT  iiis  llioes  or  fandais,  .uul 
witii  boili  hands  throws eartli  or  land  over 
his  head,  f.icc,  and  flioulders.  Then  rilts 
ag.iin,  repeating  the  fum  ceremony  two  or 
three  times,  as  he  drawi  nearer  and  ne.'.rer 
to  t!ie  p,  ince. 

Otli.  rs  kneel  down  at  a  great  diflance,  and 
advance  all  the  way  upon  tlieir  knees,  con- 
tinually ftrewing  e.irtii  or  land  on  their  lu-ads 
.uid  iTioulilers  to  denote  that  they  are  but 
dull  and  clay  in  refpect  of  their  king. 

Bring  thus  come  up  to  the  king,  tliey 
dikourlehim  concerning  thefubjic't  matter 
ot  their  petit:  mi  on  their  knees  i  and  when 
that  is  over,  iile  up,  without  preluming  to 
lool;  on  iiiir,  but  railing  with  tin  ir  hantis up- 
on tlieir  knees,  and  from  time  to  time  calling 
faiid  or  earth  upon  tiieir  heads  and  foreliead.s. 
All  this  while,  tiie  king  fcarce  feems  to  take 
any  notice  o!  them,  but  diverts  himleif  lomc 
other  way  -,  till  at  lalV,  he  returns  a  very 
fiioi t  anl'wer  to  their  petition,  with  mucii 
gravity  and  in  a  majellick  tone:  after  wliicli, 
tlic  petitioner  withdraws,  and  joins  the  otlier 
perlbns  of  note,  svlio  ufually  afTilt  at  iucli 
ceremonies. 

S'j  great  is  tlie  king's  authority  over  the 
people  of  the  highelt  rank,  that  he  will  fome- 
timcs,  for  the  lead  offence,  order  the  offen- 
der's head  to  be  immediately  ftrutk  oil, 
and  hi,  goods  and  chattels  coniilcated  ;  nay, 
lometimes  he  will  alio  order  iiis  wives  and 
concubines  to  be  put  to  death.  With  the 
common  people,  anil  Miinikr.is  or  priells, 
his  feverity  fcMom  extends  lo  lite,  but  to 
make  tiiem  perpetual  Haves. 
Cii'din  to  ^^hen  a  Alarabiut  or  prieft,  or  the  //- 
tht':iQiK\\.z'r^he  of  the  A/tffl/M,  or  an  turrr,j>!  ap- 
1  roiclus  king  Darnel,  he  lalutes  him  with  a 
low,  pr  ;.nting  his  hand  to  lay  it  on  his  ; 
Luiiitf  lliyvvsjnudunorckiiulnch  .mdfrienJ- 


Tnt  Icing'i 
will  lilt 
lm». 


Ihip  to  any  Fnnch  gentleman,  whom  he  will 
caufe  to  (it  down  by  him,  after  the  manner 
i>t  liie  country,  on  the  fame  mat  or  bed  he 
fits  on  himU'f,  which  is  very  often  a  quilt, 
cover'd  wiili  red  Ikins  or  Lather,  he  having 
a  long  tob  icco-pijie  in  his  mouth,  and  aiki 
him  leveral  quellions;  but  moll  particu- 
larly concerning  tlie  nature  and  v.ilue  of  the 
prelent  he  has  brought  him  :  for,  as  1  ob- 
ferv'd  before,  no  t'rt'iiciman  or  other  fo- 
reigner approaches  him  without  it  ;  and  thac 
coiiimoniy  tonfilfs  of  three  or  four  g.dlons 
of  brandy,  with  fome  pieces  of  coral,  ibme 
eils  ot  linnen,  tome  lugar  or  garlick,  i^c. 
I'or  which  reafon,  the  iraicb  never  wait  on 
theking,  but  upon  fome  exrr.iordinary  oc- 
Calion ;  beciufe  it  often  happens,  that  bcfidi.s 
the  prefent,  that  prince  will  beg  of  the  envoy 
his  very  clotlies,  hat  and  Iword,  or  whatfoever  jipi  ,o 
he  fees  about  him  and  fancies,  and  will  over  •■^*'  w*"' 
and  above  eat  u;)  the  belt  [urtof  the  provi- '"^J""'? 
fions,  which  mull  of  nicelfity  be  carried  a- 
long  witii  him  from  home,  to  fubiift  hiin 
on  liis  journey,  lo  tiiat  Ibmcof  thefe  meffen- 
gers  have  been  in  danger  of  llarving  by  the 
way,  in  their  return  ;  his  m.ijelly  feldoin 
making  any  other  return  for  liis  prefent,  but 
X  Riud  or  fore  quarter  of  a  camel,  a  little 
Coujiuns,  fome  palm-wine,  or  a  kid  ;  all 
which  is  but  very  lorry  food  for  a  gentleman, 
who  is  uled  to  better.  It  i)  true,  tlie  king  ne- 
ver direClly  afks  any  thing  he  fancies  of  an 
Etiropeaii ;  but  only  defires  a  tiling  to  be 
put  into  his  hands,  tliat  lie  may  view  and 
examine  it,  and  then  never  otiers  to  return 
it. 

At  an  autlience  tlte  French  faftorof  Gc^'w 
iiad  ol  the  king  of  JiiaLi,  t!..it  prince  took 
olrihe  hat  of  .i  triar,  who  was  with  the  faal 
fat'lor,  who  defireil  the  king  to  return  the 
friar  his  iiat,  as  being  a  very  poor  man.  The 
king  took  this  very  ill,  and  aniwer'd,  he 
did  not  want  to  be  advifed  by  him  ;  but  the  c7W.t. 
next  day  lent  the  friar  a  young  Have  for  his  ""■" 
h.it. 

When  the  king  gives  audience  to  foreign  g«W. 
'.  nvoys,  his  guards  do  duty  about  him,  arm  'd 
with  /Ijfugdui')  or  javelins.  'I"he  king  of 
JuaLi  has  commonly  five  hundred  men  tor 
his  guard,  divided  into  three  bodies,  thro' 
wiiicli  the  envoy  is  to  pafs  before  he  comes 
to  the  king'b  apartment  ;  and  in  the  couits 
there  are  tiiteen  or  twenty  iiorles,  inJiiie- 
rently  Wi-11  accojtred,  ami  .utorn'd  with  a- 
luiiid.mce  ot  Giiirt,  to  lliow  his  m.ignifi- 
cence. 

At  thele  audiences  there  is  generally  much  iirunkn 
brandy  an. I  palm- win. -drank.  It)  that  it  is  iiuuh  ««i'""i« 
if  the  kitig  or  theenvoy  comeolf  fober ;  .inJ 
when  it  is  ,ibout  the  time  ol  difmiUingthe  en- 
voy,  the  king  ordei  s  lome  c;f  the  officers  of  his 
gu.irds  U)  takeout  of  the  next  vill.igetwo  or 
three  ot  ijie  tirll  pjrfons  they  can  meet  with, 
to  picttiu  hull  as  Haves.     Upon  fume  p.irti- 

cular 


Tiicr  kii 


""S- 


1 

f.l 

'(• 

CO 

1 

fu 

; 

s 

:* 

pr 
for 
tnk 

,-> 

of 

k 

tot 

-? 

1 

hor 
T 

any 
bee 
ple;i 
bou 
chat 

,1  hier 

of  love 

Ijorfti, 

ferv' 
the  ( 

of  II 

iipoi 
lie;. 
A'/ai 
are  f 

11 
five 

whii 

fions 

toge 

as  hi 

per  n; 

The 

name 


.<  fctfitt     1 


.Si 
T 
tl 
fion  ; 
want 
din.u 
never 
and  is 
V 


o 


30K  I. 


Chap.  S*.         of  Nigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


?7 


ill 

er 

he 

Ir, 

ng 

[ki 

•u- 

thi; 

>b- 

fo- 

h.it 

0113 

me 

yr. 

ton 

oc- 

idt.-s 

voy 

ever  Apt  in 

over  •■-*' "'"' 

oy\. ''">!'""} 

da- 

him 

fll-n- 

'?■ 

yf  I  he 

"', 

idem 

,  liut 

little 

1 

1  all 

i 

•man. 

i 

igne- 

ot  an 

1 

to  be 

1 

w  and 

1 

return 

'* 

Gceree 

:  ti)ok 

\e  fa  Id 

rn  tiie 

1.  The 

•a,  he 

lUC  thi-"  CiooJie' 

tor  hib'"" 

oreignGnW' 

l_  ■ 

arm'd 

ing  ot" 

un  tor 

,  thro' 

comes 

coutts 

in.liii'e- 

ivith  a- 

lagnili- 

y  much  Drnnlfi 

isnuuh  <""<•'"" 

. 

r  i  and 

;thccn- 

rsufhis 

two  or 

ft  with, 

c  |).irti- 

cuUr 

ciilar  occafions,  he  will  add  two  or  three 
oxen.  Unhappy  thofc  poor  wretches,  who 
are  thus  I'eizcd  by  the  officers,  being  con- 
denin'd,  without  any  ofl'ence  committed,  to 
lofe  their  liberty,  and  be  Cent  into  miferable 
thraldom,  at  the  arbitrary  will  of  an  unjufl: 
and  cruel  fovereign.  This  fliows  how  ablb- 
lute  the  power  of  the  kings  is  here  over  their 
fubjefts;  and  if  they  are  fo  inhumanly  treated 
in  their  perfons,  how  much  worl'c  muft  it  be 
as  to  tiieir  properties  ?  It  is  not  therefore  to 
be  admir'd,  that  tliey  impofe  what  taxes  they 
plcafe,  whicii  is  the  realiin  that  the  Blacks 
in  general  are  \\-ry  poor  and  mil'erable. 
Howpvt  r,  a  king  here  Ihowsvery  little  iliffc- 
rence  in  ajjpearance  from  his  ilibjects  ;  tiieir 
wealth,  for  the  moll  part,  only  confiding  in 
camels,  dromedaries,  beeves,  goats,  millet, 
and  fruit. 

B  R  A  K  king  of  S  E  N  E  o  A 
Piwr  hiii^.  TT  j\,S  but  very  fm;ill  revenues,  and  being 
often  in  want  of  millet  to  maintain  his 
family  and  retinue,  is  forc'd  to  go  about  the 
country,  living  two  or  three  days  upon  iiis 
fubjefts  in  one  town, and  fo  to  another,  which 
proves  very  burdenlbme  to  many  ot  them  : 
for  he  not  only  cats  their  provifions,  but 
takes  whoinfoever  he  fancies  to  make  flaves 
of  them,  either  for  his  own  ule,  or  to  I'ell 
to  the  Europeans  or  Moors  for  goods,  brandy, 
horfes,  (jc. 

This  Bruk  has  more  horfe  in  his  army,  than 
any  of  the  other  black  kings  of  this  country, 
becaufe  he  can  have  as  many  horles  as  he 
plea  lis  from  the  /Izuaghe  Moors  his  neigh- 
bours, of  the  country  of  Gcneboa,  in  ex- 
change lor  flaves.  Bifides,  he  is  k)  great  a 
A  Intr  n/!over  horles,  that  i:  has  been  fomctiniesob- 
hrfes.  Iciv'tl,  when  provifions  were  very  fcarce  in 
the  country,  that  he  would  be  ib  fparing 
of  millet  to  feed  them,  as  to  live  himfelf 
ujion  little  bcfidcs  tobacco  and  brandy  ■,  this 
lic'ior  not  being  prohibited  by  the  law  ot 
A/abom:-/,  as  wine  is,  for  which  realon  they 
are  often  drunk  with  it. 

I  have  been  toiil,  that  this  king  maintains 
five  or  fix  tlioufand  horle  alter  tiiis  manner, 
which  enables  him  to  make  frequent  excur- 
fions  into  the  dominions  of  his  neighbours, 
to  get  cattle,  (laves,  or  provifions.  Ih\ik, 
as  has  been  before  obferv'd,  is  not  the  pro- 
per name  of  the  perfon,  butof  the  dignity. 
The  /'«;7//(^«ryt' author  l^aj'conceloi  wrizvs  this 
name  Brcf'iL'. 

S  I  I.  t,  A  T  1  c  K  kill);;  of  the  F  o  u  r.  e  s. 
T  T  is  laid  ot  him,  that  he  can  bring  fifty 
thoufand  men  into  the  field  upon  occa- 
fion  ;  but  inult  difmifs  ihem  very  loon,  for 
want  ot  provifions  to  fubfilf  them.  His  or- 
dinary food  is  millet,  beef,  and  dates.  He 
never  drinks  any  liquor  but  w.itcr  and  milk, 
anil  is  a  limber  oblcrver  of  the  law  of  Ma- 

VoL.  V. 


A  foiem 


hornet  than  any  other  in  thofe  parts,  which  Rar hot. 
he  has  learnt  from  his  neighbours  the  Moors.  t^V^ 
His  country  produces  dates  and  millet,  and 
has  very  good  pafture-grounds.  The  na- 
tives are  accountcii  the  mofl:  civiliz'd  people 
o{  Nignlia,  being  neither  fo  black  as  theo- 
ther  Negroes,  nor  fo  white  as  the  Moors  or 
y^rahs. 

It  will  not  be  improper  to  infert  here  what  Manner  oj 
Fiifioijci'Ios  writes  of  the  manner  of  thefe  «■«.?'".? 
Bfuks  making  war.  Tho'  they  are  not  ac-  """'• 
quainted,  fiys  he,  with  the  Enropcim  mili- 
tary difcipline,  yet  their  way  of  making  war 
defi-'ives  in  tome  iiie.ifurc  to  be inferted.  All 
fueh  as  are  capable  of  bearing  arms,  are  dif- 
tributed  into  certain  regiments  or  bodies, 
maintain'd  and  quarterVi  in  places  afUgn'd 
for  that  purpofe,  under  the  command  ot/«- 
garaf'i's  or  colonels.  When  a  war  breaks  out, 
orders  are  lent  to  the  fevcral  quarters  for 
bringing  a  mighty  army  into  the  field,  with- 
out making  any  new  levies ;  for  the  Ions  fuc- 
ceed  their  fathers,  and  thus  put  the  prince 
to  no  extraordinaiy  charge  for  their  liibfif- 
tencc  :  bcfidcs,  to  lave  other  expence,  every 
ioldier  carries  his  own  provifion. 

Some  of  the  black  kings  pretend  to  the K'rrftj. 
moiety  of  all  fhips  or  veflcls  which  happen 
to  be  drove  aflioreon  their  coafls  by  ftrelsof 
weather,  or  any  other  accident,  as  being  fo- 
vereigns  of  the  faid  coafts. 

Others  of  them,  and  particularly  the  king  GooJi  eff(>~ 
oi  Baool,  in  cafe  any  Porlugiieft ov other  Eu-'^i"'" 
ro'.ean  dies  in  their  dominions,  claim  all  theZ'J|^ 
goods  and  elTerts  of  the  perfon  decea fed,  to 
the  prejudice  of  the  creditors,  kindred,  and 
relations-,  and  therefore  when  any  of  the 
Irench  taclors,  refiding  in  luch  country,  find 
tiiemfelves  very  ill,  they  caufe  themfelves, 
and  all  they  h.ive,  to  be  removed  to  Goeree, 
to  prevent  the  feizure  in  time.  Nor  is  it  very 
fa fe  for  fuch  as  are  in  health  to  live  there, 
for  fear  of  being  poifoned  by  the  king's 
command,  in  (jrder  to  have  a  plaufible  pre- 
tence for  rifling  of  the  faftory  ;  or  even  to 
trade  with  the  people  in  (loops  or  canoes: 
fo  treacherous  are  thole  people  upon  that  ac- 
count. 

J  u  s  T  I  c  i;. 
TPHE  kings  are  afllflcd  in  the  govern- 
ment,    .md    in    the   ai'.minillration   of 
jultice,  by  leveral  officers  who   have  .dlo 
their  lubalterns  in  every  p  rt  ot  the  land,  and 
in  every  town  of  any  not  ,  an  //,V,i;V/ ,  or  a 
Gerajfo.     Cnmli'  above-t  lentioned  as  viceroy 
and  generaliffi-no  of  the  kings  forces,  in  the 
former  of  thofe  qualities  goes  the  circuit,  C;rf/<i/» 
with  the  (j'r.;«<y  GV;-(7//'n  or  chief  jnlfice,  iU^.^^^jy^^ 
certain  times,    to  hear  the  complaints,  andf/,„>.„y. 
decide  the  controverfies  of  the  people,  and /i.e. 
to  inflidf  jHinilhments,  much  in   the   fame 
manner  as  is  done  in  Eiighinil  ;  as  aiti)  to  iii- 
Iped  into  the  behaviour  of  the  /Hiauks  in 
Q^  their 


iti 


1=  ,fl< 


M    'i 


■  1 


^8 

Bar  DOT. 


y^  Defer iption  of  the  Coafis 


Book  I. 


C/vi/  go- 
vernmtnt. 


Aiciiilcs. 


arJtal. 


Corrup- 
lim. 


their  refiieftive  diftrifts.  Tliey  ortk-r  juitice 
to  be  lione  off  li.iiui.  A  tliicf  i  onvifted,  is 
puni/h'ii  by  being  made  a  flave  •,  and  it  is 
rart  tliat  any  one  is  put  to  dcatli  for  tliis 
crime. 

IWioiicdoi  fays,  the  BLuks  along  diis 
coall  are  brave  cnougii  upon  oecafion,  and 
excellent  horfenien,  wiiii  h,  he  adds,  rliey 
have  undoubtedly  learned  of  the  Zt-nrgtis, 
their  neighbours  to  tiie  northward  ;  wiiom 
they  much  excel  in  their  civil  government, 
as  much  better  obferving  dillributive  and 
commutative  juftice  •,  and  proceeding  with 
much  prudence  ami  fecrecy  in  the  affairs 
which  concern  the  prelervation  or  aggran- 
dizing of  tlieir  (late  ■,  being  very  impartiil 
in  diltributingof  rewards,  and  infliiting  pu- 
nilhments.  The  antientell  are  preferred  to 
be  the  (uince's  counfellors,  keeping  always 
about  his  perfon,  and  tlie  men  ol  molt  judg- 
ment and  experience  are  judge;,  fitting  e- 
very  day  to  hear  complaints,  ard  decide  all 
controverfies.  Tluy  have  a  fort  of  nobility 
and  gentry  among  them,  whom  tiiey  call 
Sc)hi!),J'c>  ;  as  they  do  the  grandees  and 
princes  ol  tlie  l)lood 'rr7;/v;/<i.>,  whicii  are  as 
it  were  the  feminary  of  their  kings,  wiio  are 
diolen  trom  among  them,  but  never  under 
thirty  years  of  age. 

The  A'cauh-s,  or  chief  magiftrates  of 
towns,  are  generally  colledors  of  the  king's 
duties  and  revenues,  and  accountable  to  the 
king's  .'I'.zari  or  great  treafurer,  who  is 
much  of  the  lame  rank  as  the  great  lieralfo, 
but  iiis  authority  more  limited.  Tiie  word 
Almuie,  ufed  in  thel'e  parts,  is  common  to 
botii  mUci  and  B!<i.k,,  and  fignities  a  go- 
vernour  of  a  town  or  village. 

It  is  reported,  that  when  a  perfon  is  .ic- 
cufed  of  a  crime,  which  cannot  be  I'uffi- 
ciently  mad.e  out  againll  him,  he  is  oblig'tl 
to  lick  a  red-hot  piece  oi  iron  three  times, 
or  to  toui'ii  it  with  his  lips  ;  and  if  it 
burns  hiin,  he  is  looked  ujion  as  guilty  ; 
if  net,  he  is  (onleijuently  dilchargel  with- 
out colls,  but  mud  immetliaiely  nm  away 
with  the  intormer,  and  lb  the  prolecution 
ends. 

Howe\er,  it  is  here,  as  in  oth-r  more 
civilized  parts;  for  julliee  is  not  lo  iinp.u- 
tially  .idminilhcil,  but  that  very  often  ilu 
judges,  nay  the  king  liimlelf  will  ihrough 
favour,  or  prejudice,  or  corruption,  con- 
ilemn  the  innocent  and  dilhefled,  and  clear 
rich  and  powerful  criminals.  Such  is  the 
corriipiion  of  human  nature  every  where. 
Many  inllanccs  of  corruption  among  thele 
people  might  be  brougiit,  but  that  I  think 
it  hiperlluous,  that  crime  being  too  no- 
rorioiilly  prac'iifed  among  chrillians ;  and 
theretore  none  will  quellion  its  prevailing 
among  iinpolilhed  infidels,  who  have  lels 
ties  to  i:c,n-e  them  againll  interell  and  hu- 
niiin  refpects. 


Of  their  Wa  R  s. 
f  Have  before  defcribed  the  manner  of  their 
*  armies,  compofed  of  horfe  .md  toot,  and 
how  they  iiianage  their  wars  at  home  and 
abroad  ;  it  remains  to  add,  that  they  en- 
gage in  fuch  wars  upon  very  (light  pretences 
or  provocations. 

When  king  Darnel  \m  refolveil  on  any ,?»,«(; 
martial  expedition,  he  ortlers  Condt-,  his<i'»»/. 
geiieralilfimo,  to  alfemble  the  thief  men, 
and  all  the  BLuki  of  the  country,  from 
among  whom  a  draught  is  made,  to  form 
a  body  o(  horit:  and  toot,  leldom  exceed- 
ing 1 500  men,  moll  inrantry,  bccaule  this 
king  has  (carce  300  horle  at  command 
throughout  his  liominions. 

This  fmail  army,  being  thus  formed,  the 
general  Coiide,  am!  other  chief  ofiicers,  ac- 
couir*.l  in  the  belt  m.mner,  and  particu- 
larly adorned  with  as  many  of  their  Grt- 
gri  as  almoll  load  them,  march  accorilii- 
to  the  king's  orders.  The  accoutrements, 
efpecially  thole  of  the  horle,  are  lb  cum- 
berlome,  that  it  any  ot  them  happen  to  be 
difmounted  in  fight,  they  can  Icarce  walk 
or  mount  again  ;  and  yet  will  not  go  into 
the  fiekl  witliout  tiiem,  becaule  of  the  won- 
derful virtue  they  tancy  is  in  the  Grigri, 
as  (hall  be  obferved. 

Their  way  of  fighting  is  .a  diforderly 
Ibrt  of  tray  or  (kirmidi,  which  tails  noc 
long.  The  firli  engagement  being  over, 
is  renewetl  tor  two  or  three  days  fuccefllvc- 
ly,  with  great  courage  and  reloluiion,  meet- 
ing their  enemies  with  lierie  afpecls,  and  a 
hideous  mien.  J'hefe  encounters  being  over, 
each  army  tends  a  Lx>:c/.'cnii,  or  Marabouty 
to  the  other  to  treat  about  a  celfation,  or 
peace  ;  which  being  once  concluded,  they 
[joth  fwear  on  the  AU(.r.in,  by  their  pro- 
phet Mdhomei,  as  plenipoteiui.iries,  punc* 
tually  to  obiL-rve  the  articles  .igreed  on. 
The  [)ril()ners  taken  on  both  fides  .ire  never 
exchanged,  but  remain  ll.ives  to  the  cap- 
tors. 

l"i.>i',r    Re  Mr,  ION. 
TT  will  be  .1   iiard  talk   to  give  .1  good  r«i«»j, 

account  ot  it,  molt  ot  the  Riacki  bein.j 
grols  lupeiltitious  pagans,  living  after  the 
wildell  manner,  in  woods  and  torells,  prey- 
ing on  travellers,  and  making  deifies,  ac- 
cording to  their  own  extrav.ig.wit  fancies, 
ot  the  limilitudes  of  many  ridiculous  and 
ablurd  produi^tions  of  nature,  or  of  their 
own  imigin.uioii.  Others,  tho*  t'ewer  in 
number,  protels  \Lihometan:hn,  efpecially 
iholi-  about  the  le.i-coalls ;  but  they  know 
very  little  of  that  impottor's  A'.coran. 

iVlolt  ot  thele  Mabomctdm  are  about  and  Miliomc. 
along  the  river  Camhoa  ;  and  they  are  the  tins- 
(IriCtell  ohiervers  ot  that  law,  tho'  remoter 
from  tlie  Azoaghe  Moots.     I'ew  of  the  Sc 
>i'[ii'i,  and  Cahn  l^cnL  Blacki  tan  give  any 
*  rational 


Chap, 

rai 
M 
mt 

grf 
tlie 
bu] 
(Ir,; 
hoi 
gio 
oft 
the 
rxc 
arc 
Ma 
thei 
lead 
of  t, 
corai 
the  I 
conc;' 
with 
./hoa 
(prea< 
than 

Thiir  mar-       '1  ) 


thif. 


Stv 

meant. 


ftriij. 


•!  ■  i 


lieve 

worth 

the  nt 

cries, 

repair 

their  ' 

whi  i 

honey, 

they '  1 

the  flcl 

low  til 

fonie  V 

place  I 

of  thei 

FCMI 

the  ne 

anciini 

.S'.w/'s  I 

new  inc 

an  auti 

moon, 

atlrono 

on  whi; 

tion,  d 

the  day 

paranc 

joice  fb 

their  lac 

future 

'I"o  r( 
them  fi 
deity 
as  beiiis 
and  the 
ly  thrbi. 
filvcr 
have  no 
ters,  till 
it.  as  nc 


.!    I: 


V.'      I 


ookI.  Chap.^.  <Nigritia,  «>r  North-Guinea. 


9P 


;ir 
ml 
mi 
:n- 
ccs 

ny  smalt 

en. 
Din 
inn 
;ed- 
this 
and 

the 

ac- 

icu- 

Gri- 

snts, 
:uni- 
o  be 
walk, 
into 
won- 
ngri, 

dcrly 

i   not 

over, 

;irivc- 

mt'ct- 

and  a 

over, 

iiboutt 

111,  or 
they 
pro- 

pUIK> 

on. 

ifVCT 

c.ip- 


hcin;5 

jr  tin- 

prcy- 

.11.:- 

iiK  ies, 

ami 

their 

jer    ill 

cially 

kiio'.v 

ut  and  Ntihomt- 
re  thL't'inS' 
imotct" 
he  .V.- 
any 
auoiul 


Tl'fir  war 

Ihif. 


Stv> 


i!,ihl. 


rational  account  of  the  Alcoran,  except  the 
Marabouls,  or  prieiVs,  an''  fome  of  tlic  prime 
men,  who  arc  tauglic  by  them.  Tiielc  pay 
great  reverence  to  it,  and  have  here  and 
there  Ibme  Mof/jucs,  or  places  ot  devotion, 
built  with  mud  walls,  and  thatch'd  witii 
Itr.iw  or  niflics,  like  Jicir  otlicr  common 
houles  -,  and  yit  tiicy  (eldoni  have  any  reli- 
gious aflemblies,  or  ule  books :  nay,  moll 
of  the  Marabouti  rhemfclves,  tho'  they  have 
the  folc  privilege  of  reading  and  writing, 
exclufive  of  all  oth°r  perfons  whatlbiver, 
are  but  indilfcrently  knowing  in  the  law  of 
Mahomet  v  and  dilfer  very  much  among 
themfelvcs  in  many  points,  there  being  at 
lead  7  2  Icds  of  Mahomettins  in  Africa.  Some 
of  them  follow  the  literal  i'enfc  of  the  Al- 
coran, without  any  comment ;  others  add 
the  expofition  of  feveral  ALiraboti.'s.  Faf- 
concdoi  lays,  thele  .fl/rti',^j  have  been  infeded 
with  Mabomctanifm  by  their  neighbours  the 
Azoa^hci  i  as  it  is  natural  tor  dillempers  to 
fpread  more  than  health,  and  vice  rather 
than  virtue. 

'I'hele  Mahometan  Blacks  gtnerally  be- 
lieve in  one  God,  creator  of  all  things,  ami 
worfhip  him  in  their  way.  They  l.ilute 
the  new  moon,  at  every  change,  with  loiul 
cries,  like  the  Hottentots  ■,  and  at  that  time 
repaii  to  the  woods  and  forclh,  to  make 
their  Wrt,  or  prayers,  and  olfer  lacrilicc, 
whi  '  's  commonly  lomc  rice,  mixed  with 
honey,  and  the  blood  of  certain  animals 
they  kill  ior  that  purpofe,  eating  part  of 
the  flcfli,  and  laying  up  the  reft  in  the  hol- 
low trunks  of  great  trees ;  about  which, 
fome  who  mix  Mahomc!.ii:ijm  And  I'.iganiiiii, 
place  Icveral  odd  and  cxtr.ivagant  figures, 
of  their  own  carving  with  knives. 

Fealling  ,md  rejoicing  on  the  hrll  d.iy  of 
llie  new  moon,  was  cuiloiii.iry  .imong  the 
ancient  Jews,  as  appears  by  what  is  laid  of 
.S'.v«/'s  fealling  three  days  at  the  time  ol  the 
new  moon,  i  Sam.  ao.  The  IIcbrc-u;f,  fays 
an  author,  reckoned  their  months  by  the 
moon,  at  leall  in  the  latter  limes,  yet  not 
aftronomically,  but  vifibly  trom  the  d.\y 
on  which  Ibme  men,  de()uted  tor  th.it  func- 
tion, iledared  her  to  be  new  -,  which  w.'s 
the  day  immediately  following  her  full  ap- 
j>earance.  Then  they  uled  to  lead  and  re- 
joice for  three  days  together,  after  oH'ering 
their  facrirtces  of  th.inklgiving,  ami  lor  their 
future  prolj)erity. 

To  return  to  the  Blacks:  Others  among 
them  fly,  they  ought  not  to  r^  prclent  the 
deity  by  any  manner  of  likenels,  or  image, 
as  being  incompreheiifible  and  invilible ; 
and  therefore  all  portraitures  are  fo  precifc- 
ly  foibid  by  their  law,  that  the  gold  ami 
filvcr  coins  in  all  Mahnmctan  countries, 
have  no  other  llamp  but  Ibme  Arabick  let- 
ters, the  prince's  head  never  being  put  to 
It,  ai  not  allow'd   by  the  law.      For  this 


reafon,    the  princes   thcmfelvcs,  and  morci^'^'<i 


efpccially  the  kings  of  Aloroccn, 


7,;.l/VNJ 


■ir  inr- 
ui.itor. 


filet,  Suz  and  D<ir.ih,  who  boaft  tiiemlelves 
lineally  defcended  trom  Matnmet,  in  their 
feals  ule  no  other  figures  but  the  names  of 
Mabomet,  and  ol  Jtsu:.  Chris  r,  whom 
they  call  Cull  Naiffa  ;  or  ol  Mahomet  .iiiJ 
God,  written  in  Arabick dv.wndiiiK  :  ,ill  other 
coats  of  arms  being  alio  forbid  by  their 
law. 

Thefe  arc  the  trued  Mahometans;  yetM.homr 
they  ridicule  tiie  mydery  of  the  incarnation"'"' 
ol  our  .S.iviour,  in  the  womb  ol  the  v:rgin 
Mars,  anil  much  more  his  mediation   be- 
tween God  and  man,  alleiiging,   that  Ma- 
homet i-  the  only  medi.itor. 

Others  again  ad'ert,  that  God,  wIk)  is  The  •I'-- H 
fo  ^ood,  fo  great,  ,ind  fo  powerful  as  to '""■/■'"''.""' 
produce  the  lightning,  the  rain,  the  thun- 
der, tiie  wimls  (jfe.  and  who  rules  the  hea- 
vens .md  the  earth,  iloes  not  require  tl  o 
prayers  .ind  oblations  of  man,  who  is  fo  in 
li  iteiy  below  him  in  purity  and  fanctity  ; 
but  that  the  .Icvil,  being  a  wicked  niif- 
cliii vous  Ipirit,  who,  as  iluy  conceit,  bens 
.md  torments  them,  ihey  ought  therefore 
frdi'ueiuly  to  make  application  to  him, 
thai  he  may  become  more  mcrcitui  towards 
them.  1  lence  \vc  may  infer,  that  mod  ol 
the  wordrip  and  the  ficrifices,  above  men- 
tioned to  be  olTered  in  the  woods  and  fo- 
reds,  are  iliiecled  to  the  evil  fpirit,  and 
not  to  the  true  God. 

The  intention  of  their  prayers  and  l.i  "'«'  '■  .• 
critices  is  diredled,  that  they  may  have^'''.^-''' 
h.uulfome  wives,  plenty  ot  corn  and  oth.T 
food  ■,  that  they  m.iy  be  \ictorious  over 
their  enemies  ;  that  the  dun.,  or  the  devil, 
ni.iy  not  hurt  them  ;  th.it  they  may  have 
good  weathLr,  good  lilhiiig,  and  many 
other  fuch  petitions,  accoixiing  to  th(  ir  le- 
veral  w.uils  and  tlefires. 

Nuihing  is  more  certain,  than  that  thole  rt?  J--it 
ignorant  Ilupi.l  people  do  firmly  believe, *'■""''-•'" 
th.it  the  devil  beats  and  torments  th;.in,  an 
indance  whereof  I  mentioned  b.-tore,  at 
C'eiee.  '1  his  makes  tluir  condition  veiy 
de])lorable,  as  living  under  Huh  mifcrable 
thrakloni  ■,  ami  thcr..fort  they  lludy  all  ways 
which  they  f.incy,  to  be  delivered  from 
him.  As  tor  example,  if  a  woman  has 
been  troubled  by  the  devil,  the  is  drelVed 
in  man's  apparel,  holding  an  AJJagaia  in 
one  hand,  and  led  about,  fingii.g  in  a  dole- 
ful tone  1  which  they  pretend  drives  him 
.iway,  fo  that  he  will  touch  her  no  more. 
The  Patay^ons,  a  people  of  a  gigancick  lla- 
turc,  about  the  dreights  ot  Magellan,  arc 
r-jported  to  dread  a  great  horned  devil,  by 
them  called  '^etehos  ;  pretending,  th.it  when 
any  ot  their  people  liie,  they  fee  that  tali 
ilevil,  .ittcnilei.1  by  ten  or  twelve  fmalkTi 
dancing  merrily  about  the  dead  corpfe. 

OthefJ 


' ,  il.' 


:i' 


,if 


I    I, 


60 


A  Defcriptiou  of  the  Coajls 


Book  h 


Ch. 


SuptrjVf 
tim. 


b/'ittor.     Others  make  iifo  ol' Ibrcercrs ;  for  tlu-y 

'-^v'*-'  have  rhnfe  they  bL'heve  to  be  fuch  anioii^ 

sorcnir,.  them,  who  ac  iliofe  times,  when   the  devil 

beats  them,    fiiig,  roar,  and   make  many 

grimaces,  and  ftrange   motions  with  their 

bodies,  to  conjure  and  divert  liim  from  the 

patient. 

Tr,J,fli„n-     They    believe    prcdefHnation,    acknow- 

tien.         ledging  every  accident  that  befalls  tlum  to 

be  the  divine  decree  -,  and  v/hcn  one  man 

happens  ro  kill  another,  they  fiy,  God  has 

kiird  him.    However,  they  pimilh  the  mii"-- 

dercr,  felling  him  for  a  (lave. 

Tliey  are  lb  luperftitious,  and  juit  f.ich 
confidence  in  the  G'tgri,  or  charms  they 
carry  about  them,  as  really  to  believe  they 
will  preferve  them  from  wild  beafls,  or 
any  other  fatal  accidents,  or  even  from  in- 
ch.intmcnt,  as  we  (hall  fee  elfewhere. 

-tbetr  Marabouts  or  1'riests,  ami 
Grk;ri  cr  Charms. 
:/;Mfj  cf  "T"  H  I''.  Mtirahouls  are  generally  of  Ar.i- 
khu-  *  bilk  or  Moonjh  extraction,  and  by 
them  c.\\\'d  Bifihirnm,  or  Lxncherim  ;  on 
whole  fltcvcs  the  Blacki  (b  much  pin  their 
faith,  that  they  can  impofe  any  abliirdities, 
ornonleiifical  opinions  whatlbever  on  them, 
and  even,  at  plt.iuir'-.  cheat  them  of  all 
tl  cy  have.  It  is  not  ealy  to  conceive  what 
fr,  uds  thefe  fellows  put  up  )n  them  with  the 
Gr.gri's  they  fell  to  the  p?ople,  as  having 
the  folc  liberty  to  read  and  write.  They 
may  be  fuppoied  to  have  been  brought  up 
to  reading  and  writing  Arahick,  in  the  fa- 
mous city  of  Toinhu!,  dated  on  the  north- 
fule  of  the  river  Seiie^^a,  above  ioo  leagues 
from  its  nioutli ;  where  the  emperor  of 
T'otr.buC  maintains  fchools,  with  (fore  o( 
Aralr.ik  books,  b: ought  thit!i'T  fuccenivtly 
from  Harb.irx,  by  the  Vr.  -i ;  a  gri.at 
number  of  /Irabian  mfifh-,i!t%  r- '  irtingthi- 


cht. 

M 

bouts. 


of  whir;i  mor 


the  Sup 


ther  to  tr.' 
plenient. 

Marinol.  HI).  34-  fpeaking  of  the  ancient 
charaftersof  tlie  Afrnwis,  tells  us,  the  moll 
renowned  ot  the  ylnibian  liilfori.ms  ar.-  of 
opinion,  that  thofe  people  had  no  01  her 
letters  but  thofe  of  the  Romans,  v/hen  the 
Mabomrliiii!  conquer'd  Barhar^,  where  there 
was,  and  (fill  continues,  the  nobility  of  .7- 
frica.  However,  they  believe,  tliat  people 
f[)()ke  another  language  belides  tlie  Latin, 
which  was  the  moll  common.  Hence  it 
is,  that  all  the  hillorics  left  them  by  the 
ylritins,  are  tranflated  and  abridged  from 
the  Laliii,  with  the  names  of  the  lords  ami 
princes,  ani'wering  to  the  reigns  of  the  kings 
ot  Pcrfia,  AJfynj,  Cbaidca,  and  Ifrael,  or  to 
Ci<-ja>-'^  calendar.  But  it  mull  be  owned 
they  I.  we  very  few  of  them  1  fo--  when 
the  !':!iifmatick  Cal:/s  ruled  in  Africa,  they 
taufed  all  books  o(  fciences  and  hiftory  t<j 
b.-;  burnt,   which  the  people,  or  thofe  of 


their  ow],  .•>,  couiu  .ead  S  mic  again 
affirm,  the  AJ'Luns  Jul  othc  charuLiers 
bflidcs  thofe  of  the  Rovti>n  ;  i.'jtthat  the 
(aid  livmain,  the  detk^.  ar,  I  the  (ioths, 
.ibo\i'?.v.\\  them  ;  as  the  Ar'ws  did  after- 
wards with  the /V;y;3«;  .•  for  the  CWZ/J  <  auled 
their  books  to  be  burnt,  believing  they 
would  otherwife  never  be  true  Mahmetam, 
as  long  as  they  kept  any  thing  that  could 
put  them  in  mind  of  their  idolatry.  I'hey 
alio  took  from  them  the  (ludy  of  (ciences, 
as  well  as  from  the  Africam.  I'luis  ail  the 
anticju'ties  which  are  (iium!  by  way  of  in- 
Icriptions  in  Africa,  from  be  I  ire  the  coming 
in  of  the  Arabs,  are  Latin,  or  (wtbiik,  and 
all  the  more  modern,  Arahick.  Ihni  yllraqinq 
(ays,  the  Romans  defaced  anil  erafed  [he 
iiifcriptions  and  ancient  chara(^'ters  tlicy  found 
in  Africa,  when  they  conquered  it,  and  let 
up  their  own  in  their  place,  that  they  only 
might  be  immortalized,  which  is  a  frequent 
pr.ictict'  among  comiJcrors  ■,  and  that  there" 
fore  it  is,  tliere  remains  no  iratt  of  ancient 
African  ch.ira^'icrs  :  t(;r  v.iiiih  reafbn,  we 
are  not  to  be  furprized  that  the  n.itive  yl- 
fricars  flioukl  have;  loll  tiieir  letters,  having 
been  for  lb  many  agc<:  under  the  yoke  of 
divers  nations,  who  were  of  ditferent  reli- 
gions -,  the  !afl  oi  wiiich  have  none  but 
//•(7i(i<' letters,  amoiig  which  there  .ire  no 
vowels,  but  only  foints,  or  dots,  in  lieu 
of  them  ;  a^  in  the  Cbaiilct'  and  Hcbrtu;  l.m- 
guages,  whir'.i  the  Arahick  mucii  relembles, 
all  three  being  writ  quite  the  contrary  way 
to  the  l.aiin.  The  Arabick  grammar  is 
very  difficult,  as  to  reading  and  writing, 
b-caule  tfi.'.t  topgue  is  writ  with  abundance 
of  accip.is -,  and  tlie  orthography  is  much 
moie  iliflkult  than  that  ol  the  La:iii,  be* 
c.iulc  the  words  ar.;  very  erjiiivoc.d,  lb  that 
the  f.mie  woni,  writ  \vi;h  i.ili'erent  accents, 
fignifies  feveral  things :  and  cne  Grda,  which 
is  the  redoublingof  two  confonants,  makes 
a  diflerent  figmtication  of  the  fame  thing 
in  the  ("ime  word. 

The  Cr.gri  are  gener.dly  a  i]uarter,  orGripi, , 
half  a  fluet  or  two  of  ordinary  paper,  quite  t^ai'mi. 
full  of  many  lines  ol  coarle //;»;//;, /(■  tha- 
rafters,  pretty  large,  drawn  with  pen  and 
ink.  This  ink  is  made  ot  the  aflies  of  a 
particular  (brt  of  wood,  known  by  them. 
I  have  (till  lome  of  thei'e  by  me,  which  I 
kee])  as  a  curiolity,  none  of  thole  I  have 
(liown  them  to  in  Eurvfe,  wlio  are  (killed 
in  the  Oriental  l.mgu.iges,  being  able  to  read 
them  ;  becaul'e  Ibme  ot  the  letters  are  He- 
brew, fome  Arahick,  and  others  Syc-Ara- 
biik  intermix'd  together  in  the  fame  word 
or  lyllable,  as  is  fuppofed.  Thefe  writings, 
it  is  likely,  are  (bme  pafiages  or  fentcnces 
out  of  the  Alcoran,  which  they  believe  have 
many  occult  virtues,  to  prelcrvethe  perlons 
they  are  worn  by,  from  any  misfortunes, 
every  GV;^'-i  being  for  its  peculiar  ule  ;  lome 

to 


WW, 


1 

Caljndars 

t 
Jl 

h 

.■? 
o 

re 
at 
in 

^1 

an 

in 
of 
tru 
fe(? 

r.y 

nio 

TJi 

the 

and 

oft 

or 

boo 

call, 

of 

T 


\-rr 
e 


Jews. 


fu 
of 
"nd 
Cv 
th 
oft] 
PliyUflc-       I 
'"/'A*  Crig. 
naps 
tioii 
wear 
of  p, 
ture 
had 
tht-m 
as  fi 
rot  a 
J'bar 
anhv 
5 

in  par 

of  ho 

and  t 

Vo 


A 


OOK.  L 

ill 
.rs 
Iv- 
hs, 
cr- 
ied 
icy 
ms, 
ukl 
luy 

CCS, 

tlic 

in- 
niii<; 

anii 
upiiq 

the 
chiikI 
ui  let 

only 
quent 
ihcrc" 
uicnt 
n,  we 
ivc  //• 
Living 
okc  ot 
t  rcli- 
le    but 

are  no 
in  lieu 
rzchn- 
Miiblcs, 
,ry  way 
miir  is 
vriiing, 
nulancc 
nnicli 

ui,  bc« 
To  that 

arcents, 

,  which 
niakis 
thing 

rtir,  ororipi. " 
juitc '''»""'■ 
hk  clw- 
(xn  and 
u-s  ot  a 
y  them, 
which  I 
I  have 
Ikilled 
to  rc.ul 
.ire  Ih- 
rc-Ara- 
le  word 
ivritings, 
cntcnces 
levc  have 
pcvlons 
ortuncs, 
lie  •,  fonic 


Chap.  '.        e>/Nigritia,  or  North-Guinea.' 


^ 


Calandirs 

nVigiim 

mm. 


r!f<  ffihi 
Jews. 


to  prevent  being  call  away,  wlicn  they  go 
a  filliing  i  fome  to  (avu  thciu  trom  heir.,j 
wounJai,  killed,  or  made  fl.ives  in  war, 
o;-  as  th'-y  travci  ,  otlie.s  to  Iccure  them 
againfl:  thundorbo'ts  i  otlicrs  to  preferve 
women  in  child-bed  •,  ochcrs  to  excel  in 
fwiniming,  to  get  many  wives,  or  much 
wcaltl',  lo  have  a  good  lilliery,  ami  to  all 
other  purpofes  which  relate  to  their  wel- 
fare. In  fhort,  they  have  as  mucii  confi- 
dence in  them,  as  ignorant  p-  ",^'"  place  in 
relicks,  and  therefore  will  boldly  txpofe 
thcmlclves  to  any  danger. 

'I"he  Grig'i  may  perhaps  have  been  ori- 
ginally introduced  by  a  certain  (Idl  of  Mo- 
ralKti-A'dlh  called  C.iLttii'uirs^  li\-ing  in  re- 
ligious Ibcietics,  or  monallcri.s,  among  Ma- 
hometan), according  to  Marmo'.,  lib.  2.  chap. 
2-  who  have  a  fort  of  rabalillical  learning, 
or  rather  art-magick  among  tiiem.  Thole 
religious  men  obfcrve  very  aultcrc  fafting, 
and  never  eat  any  tiling  that  lias  had  life 
in  it.  All  the  hours  of  the  day  and  night  are 
appropriated  to  partiiular  cniployments  -, 
and  thjy  are  known  by  cirLain  numbers, 
figures,  or  charadters  tlvjy  woar  about  them, 
in  fquire  frames.  They  pictentl  to  vifions 
of  heavenly  fpirits,  which  give  them  the 
true  knowledge  of  worldiy  ailairs.  This 
feft  is  much  feared  and  n  Ip-ded  in  Africa, 
fays  the  lame  author  •,  ami,  in  ilie  opi- 
nion of  tiie  people,  they  are  great  forcerers. 
Their  rule  was  given  them  by  one  5  «/,  by 
the  A>\:bi  called  the  father  of  encliantments 
and  forcery,  who  has  writ  a  fniall  treaiife 
of  the  way  of  making  thole  l(|uare  frames, 
or  Ciil.mda<-s.  They  have  ,dfo  three  other 
books  i  the  firft  and  chietcll  whereof  is 
called  EUuinka-mitaiior,  that  1  ,  inltruftions 
of  light,  containing  their  fall s  and  prayers. 
The  fecond  is  S,mi-E!miibanfa,  that  is,  the 
fun  of  knowledge,  wjiich  treats  of  the  manner 
of  making  the  Citiainiars,  or  Iquirc  frames, 
-•nd  of  the  advantages  thereo!.  The  third, 
Cyrr-tes-me'j-fl-l'uziic,  that  i^,  tiie  fecret  of 
the  divine  attributes,  treating  of  tlie  virtue 
of  the  fourfcore  and  ten  names  cl  God. 

I  muR  farther  add,  in  ri  lation  to  thefe 
Cr/^ri'j  of  the /,'/,/( /j,  that  ilny  may  per- 
ha|)s  have  been  originally  made  in  imiia- 
tion  ol  the  ancient  pradtice  ot  the /iX'i,  of 
wearing  ChyLiiirrifs  ;  that  is,  rolls  or  flips 
of  parcliment,  with  Ibme  fentences  offtrip- 
ture  writ  on  them,  according  towhatGod 
had  commanded,  Dt'ut.  vi.  ver.  8.  lo  bind 
them  for  a  fii;n  upon  their  baud',  nnd  to  be 
flj  frontlen  betx-eeii  their  eyes.  There  was 
not  a  Je-ti.'  but  what  wore  them,  and  the 
I'hanfci  much  I.Tgir  than  others,  through 
an  hypocritical  atl'ec;tation,  Matlh.  xxiii.  ver. 
5.  Mahomet  having  compil.d  his  AlcJiin, 
in  part,  ot  fentences  and  pafiiges  taken  out 
of  holy  wiit,  intjrmixt  with  pagan  lites, 
and  the  addition  ot  his  own  impious  and  ri- 

VOL.  V. 


diculou5,  opniors;  and  this  pf  iuous  d*- •  -  T/ 1- uot. 
r..ne  oeing  fprend  over  ,hi.,  part  oi  Afrua.  «'V^' 
it  may  be  ratiuna'')  fupp.  fed,  that  the  Ma- 
hometan  zealots  have,  in  imitation  of  the 
fb)laLleries  of  the  JetZi,  invented  thele  new 
ones  for  their  black  difciples,  they  being 
fuppofed  to  be  fentences  or  paflages  r." 
l\\^  Alcoran;  the  y\/fl;<j/«(//j  having  foun  ■ 
they  took  well  with  the  people,  and  wert 
extraordinary  profitable  to  themfelvcs. 

In  Morocco,  the  natives  have  a  great  re-  ta-ifU' 
fpeiit  for  liorl'es  that  have  been  the  pilgi  i-  f*'"  '■' 
mage  of  McTfrt,  where  A ''(^/.'omc/ was  born  ;  "'"' 
and  thofe  horfes  they  call  Hadjis,  or  faints. 
Had^^'.a,  or  IJa^ia,  is  the  n.ime  of  the  pro- 
vince, in  which  arc  the  towns  of  Mecca  and 
Mcdina-al-Nabi,  two  places  reckoned  holy 
by  all  true  Mahometans  ;  whence  tlie  name 
of  Hadj;i,  given  to  the  horfes  which  havt 
performed  that  journey,  may  be  derived. 
Such  horfes  have  their  necks  then  adorned 
with  ftrings  of  beads,  and  rclicks,  being 
writings  wrapped  up  in  cloth  of  gold  or 
filk,  co.-.r.ining  the  names  of  their  prophet, 
or  fome  pretended  faints  of  their  law  ;  and 
when  thefe  horfes  die,  they  are  buried  with 
as  much  ceremony  as  the  nearcft  relations 
of  rheir  owners.  The  king  of  Morocco  has 
one  of  them,  whom  he  caul'es  to  be  led  be- 
fore him,  when  he  goes  abroad,  very  rich- 
ly accoutred  and  covered  with  thele  wri- 
tings i  his  tail  being  held  up  by  a  chriitian 
Have,  carrying  in  one  hand  a  pot  and  a 
towel,  to  receive  the  dung,  and  wipe  the 
fundament.  The  king  him'elf  fometimcs 
kiir.s  this  horfe's  tail  and  fe .r. 

Whatfoever  was  the  original  of  thc^e  TonJutfxif 
Grigri,  that  ftupid  ignorant  pcopl'  willCJrign. 
'villingly  part  with  any  thing  they  '.lav'  .-q 
be  turnilh'd  with  as  many  as  they  .'re  a'  ; 
to  purchafe,  according  to  their  qua) u  and 
protcfTion  ;  and  take  a  great  pride  i  :  ''iciii. 
Some  will  give  two  or  three  Haves  tor  on'! 
Crii^ri ;  others  two,  tline,  or  four  o\-:i, 
anfwerable  to  the  virtues  or  qualities  alfi'^'ii'd 
to  it.  I  was  '  a,  that  C';;rf,',  kingi)rf/«,'."s 
viceroy,  wit  ^hom  1  fnid  I  had  an  inter- 
view, conll  ly  wore  to  the  value  of  fifty 
■laves  in  thele  Grign's  about  his  bony  ;  and 
lo  every  otli  r  perlon  of  note  proportion- 
ally :  for  not  only  their  caps  and  wailf- 
coafts,  but  their  very  horfes  are  covci'd 
with  them  in  the  arnii;,  to  prevent  Lt-ng 
woundi  .  To  fay  the  iruili,  lome  of  the 
principal  ^.wc^j  arelo  wdl  luniifli'd  all  over 
with  Gri^n's  m  every  pare  of  their  botlics, 
under  their  fliirts  ind  bonnets,  that  they 
cannot  well  be  wv-Lided  with  any  AJfagaiUy 
or  javelin  •,  nay,  they  often  Hand  in  need  of 
being  lielp'd  to  mount  their  liorles,  which 
are  alfoadoin'd  with  the  lame,  to  render 
them  the  more  fprightly,  and  prevent  their 
being  hurt. 


R 


The 


6i 


A  Defcription  of  the  Coa/ls 


Book  I. 


ChA] 


I  I 


'■[ft 


i 


fl 


wtrn. 


Mi-ibmt 


Eafhot.  The  Grlgri'i  of  the  prime  Blacki,  uml 
'"'V^  men  in  high  pofls,  are  wrappM  up  in  a  pici  t; 
H,M,  m.,J,^^^  linni'ncuriii.lly  loMai,  and  artificially  cu- 
vcrcii  with  a  pieCL-  ot  rtJdifli  iea:lKr-,  luiivj 
oT  them  about  an  in^h  tiiick,  otiuTs  twu, 
all  nL-aily  ilitciiM.  'I'he  Imaller  lorts  aie 
mod  worn  about  the  huir,  or  in  tiic  nature 
of  necklaces,  many  of  them  ty'cl  in  a  llring, 
inrerniixt  wiili  feme  (licccs  of  red  coral  and 
Ciiiiris,  or  another  fort  of  red  Iheils.  But 
fome  wear  more  of  thcle  baubles  about  their 
caps  or  bonnets  tiian  about  the  neck.  Thole 
of  the  meaner  people  art  only  cover'd  with 
(omeredltuii,  made  much  larger,  aiul  pret- 
ty cliicl:,  whicli  they  wear  before  anil  be- 
hinil  about  tlieir  llomichs.  Others  ag.iin 
are  made  only  of  a  horfe's  tail,  or  ot  the 
horni  of  deer,  rams,  or  bullocks,  cover'd 
with  red  ferge  or  cloth.  Of  this  l\\\  fort  was 
that  1  took  from  about  the  neck  of  a  com- 
mon B!a~';  at  Goeric,  which  put  himalmolt 
befi.le  himfelf,  in  fo  much  that  I  had  nrach 
difli'.ulty  to  .-.ppeafe  him,  and  could  not  pre- 
\'.iil  witnout  tome  bottles  oi  brandy  and  ma- 
ny threats.      I'hus  much  tor  the  Giigri. 

I  return  now  to  the  Murahotiti  or  priefl;. 
Wh.u  lias  been  fiid  above,  plainly  (hows, 
how  blind  and  implicit  a  faiili  the  B'.ath 
have  in  them,  in  relation  to  religious  m.it- 
tcrs,  wiiereby  they  are  often  encouraged  to 
pradile  many  vill.inies  among  tholi;  fimple 
peo[  le  i  as  for  inllance,  it  happened  about 
tlie  year  7677,  xXwt.  3.  Marabou'  delcendcd 
from  the  Arc-.bian  Moorf,  pofieis'd  himlelt 
of  the  kingdom  of  K.iyor  under  colour  of  re- 
ligion, deixjfuig  the  king  Darnel,  and  giving 
out,  he  was  tent  liom  heaven  tor  that  end  j 
and  that  he  h.id  the  power  of  miracles,  efpe- 
eially  that  of  eaufing  the  earth  to  produce 
abun-'ance  of  corn  and  other  food  without: 
1 .1,  nir  \  which  tlie  p-ople  lb  tirmly  belijv'd, 
that  'duy  turn'd  olf  their  own  king,  But 
having  waited  fome  years  in  expcftation  of 
thofe  h.'.ppy  times  he  had  promis'd,  fo  a- 
greeablc  to  their  natural  llothlulnefs,  and 
all  that  while  neglefted  to  till  their  lands, 
they  were  at  lait  reduced  to  tuch  dillrefs  tor 
want  of  food,  that  !  was  toUl,  fcveral  of 
them  were  compell'd  by  necclTity  to  eat  hu- 
n.i  1  tlelh  -,  anil  very  many  iokl  themfelves 
for  f!aves,  to  get  bread  j  till  at  Jall,  being 
cxai}  crated  by  mifery,  and  fenfible  that 
ihey  Lad  been  deceivM  by  that  impoHor, 
whole  dcfign  was  to  pluntler  them  and  their 
iieiglib(;urs,  during  the  revolt,  they  baniili'd 
liim,  :;nd  relloied  their  own  icing  ;  refolving 
never  more  to  entertain  any  Maidbont,  but 
to  fell  all  f'lch  as  they  fhould  funl  in  their 
country  tor  fla*.  es.  I  am  apt  to  believe  there 
vas  one  of  this  Ibrt  among  the  flaves  I  pui- 
chafcd  at  Goerec  in  the  year  i6S  i  -,  fur  1  nb- 
ferv'd,  that  during  five  or  fix  months  he  was 
abourdthefliip,  healwayskeptapartfrom the 
other  flaves,  when  hecould conveniently,  and 


continually  a;  pear'd  penfive,  and  diforder'd 
in  his  mind:  but  would  never  difcover  what  he 
w.is,iho'itpl,dnlyappear'iibyhisgelturcsand 
lav.nyconiplexioii,  [\ut  he  ww'i  .i  Marutout of 
/li-iibuk  delienr.  This  revolt  of  the  Marabout 
belore  mention'd,  cLhip.  4.  was,  in  all  like- 
liliood,  the  occafion  of  the  mighty  famine, 
fill  continuing  in  that  country,  when  I  ar- 
riv'd  at  Gnnc:-  above  Ipoken  of,  towards 
the  conclufion  of  the  Ic-cond  i  hapter. 

The  Marahc,u!s  may  not  marry  any  wo- 7%,,, 
men,  but  the  daughters  ot  Afyari,  nor  teach /f4rn;»» 
any  perlons  to  write  or  read,  but  fuch  as  are  *'"''"""">' 
ot  iiicir  own  tribe-,  ;.nil  theref()re  value  them- 
lelves  as  much  above  the  black  men  of  letters, 
as  thoff  do  tlicmftives  above  others,  and 
yet  tl:o!"e  Bladi  are  much  honour'd,  both 
\kk  and  aC  T'otubxt,  where  the  college  is,  fo; 
tl.eir  ll'.idents.  However,  thefe  fchools  are 
like  tliole  at  Mciiiiincz,  in  the  empire  of  Mo  ■ 
?Ciio,  and  in  others  throughout  Ajrka, 
where  all  the  extent  of  the  lludents  learning 
conlifts  in  reading  the  ylLoran  from  one 
end  to  the  other.  When  he  has  run  through 
it,  he  is  finely  drefb'd,  mounted  on  horfe- 
back  by  his  companions,  and  led  about  the 
town  in  triainph,  with  mighty  praifes  and 
accl.imations. 

They  circumcife  the  children  of  the  Blacks  circumd- 
at  eleven  years  of  age,  caufing  them  to  Iwal-/""- 
low  the  prepuce  or  forefkin  which  is  cutofl", 
and  will  not  allow  them  to  complain,  tho' 
tlie  pain  they  endure  by  the  operation  be 
ever  fo  gre.it  i  but  will  make  them  laugh, 
when,  liny  feir  the  wound  with  a  red-hoc 
iron,  to  flop  'ts  bleeding. 

During  the  whole  night  which  precedes  Ff/Zir»r 
Mahomet's  great  fellival  like  Eajla;  of 
wliich  more  h.ereafter,  they  light  abundance 
of  lamps  and  torches  in  t\\t\v  Mofquei,  and 
the  Tallici  or  Marabouts  Ting  his  praifes  there 
inceffuuly  till  the  day  appears. 

1  he  Mahometam  are  often  feen  in  ihtBtudi. 
flreets,  fitting  on  their  heels  near  a  wall, 
anil  holding  long  ftrings  of  be.ids,  which 
they  drop  as  f  dl  as  is  ani  werable  to  the  fliort- 
nels  of  the  prayers  they  fay  by  them  ;  and 
thole  only  confift  in  pronouncing  the  feveral 
attributes  they  alfign  to  God,  as  faying  at 
every  bead,  God  is  y^rcat,  God  is  good,  God 
i.  Intimc  God  is  i/ier(  ijul,  &rc. 

They  pray  five  times  a  day,  particularly  frfl^,r-. 
at  fun-rifing  and  letting,  and  at  midnight, 
and  at  every  time  before  they  make  their 
i^a/a  or  i)rayer,  they  make  their  ablution, 
according  to  the  I.iw  of  Mahomet ;  that  is, 
to  walli  their  bo. lies  all  over  feveral  times, 
and  while  praying,  often  repeat  thefe  Ara- 
I'uk  words,  Alia  Mech-inet,  Ely,  Allah,  Ely. 
They  are  lo  attentive  at  their  devotions,  that 
nothing  can  divert  them,  even  though  they 
fliould  fee  their  own  combetsoi'  huts  on  fire. 
They  always  take  olf  their  Baboucbes  or 
Hiocs  at  the  door  of  the  Mcfyue,  and  w.ifh 

their 


i 


ti 

h 

ai 
bi 
th 
la 

h 

mi 
ha 
mi 
up 

bet 
for 
the 
anc' 
pri 
1  ti( 
'  iiii 


0/: 

^' 

P 

ftall 
again 
tia  an 
give  f( 
ibrm.1 
<Juaint 


Uiilirth.  'T'H 

at 
near  A 
May, 
fither 
fon  of 

Vlenrf; 

Jiiine  / 
ever,  t 
of  roy 
gcnea 

Gffitt/tr-aS  is  tc 

"■>"■        at  firft  ( 
chant 
dicba, 
among 
brothei 
and  ma 
mighty 
him  fir 
Hisi 
was  Cau 
fifty  yea 
Mahomt 
becai  le 
uferfhe 
naturalh 


kh  tnij'. 


3K  I.  Chap.  6.         o/Nigriria,  or  North-Guinea. 


65 


-  TIm  ir 
h  learning 
^anjlvamty 

1- 
5, 
111 

[h 

01 

re 

lo- 

:a, 

ng 
)nc 

gl' 
I'c- 
the 

md 

:icki  Ctrcumci^ 

val-/""' 
off, 
tho" 
I  be 

-hoc 

cdcS  fejliv»l. 

of 
incc 

and 
here 

tlie  Btads. 

>H, 

lich 
hort- 

aiul 
vtral 
igat 

God 

.\rly  Trlytf. 

igllt, 

tlicir 
iiion, 
at  is, 
inus, 
Aid- 

Ely. 
,  that 

they 
nfire. 
a  or 

wafh 

their 


their  heads,  lunds,  and  feet,  pretending  to 
clcanfe  themielves  from  fin.  When  a  man 
has  lud  to  do  with  his  wife,  or  committed 
any  crime,  he  is  to  walhiiisbody  allover, 
before  he  enters  the  Moj'-pie,  or  to  pronounce 
thefe  words  reckoned  the  moft  (acred  in  their 
law.  La  ilia  UleuLi  Mahamelo  Darazoidla, 
fignifying,  nere  is  but  one  God,  and  Maho- 
met is  his  mejfinger.  Thefe  words  they  believe 
have  the  fame  virtue  as  bathing.  Tiie  wo- 
men never  enter  their  Ah/ques,  being  look'd 
upon  as  incapable  of  ever  entring  paradife, 
becaufe,  accoriling  to  tiicm,  only  created 
for  the  propagation  ol'  human  race.  Yet 
they  I'.iake  tlic  Sula,  or  pray  in  tiieir  houfes  ; 
am'  on  IruLiys  repair  to  the  buri.d-places  to 
pr  ly  and  weep  over  the  graves  of  tlieir  re- 
1  tions,  being  then  generally  clothed  in  blue, 
1  hich  is  the  mourning  of  the  Mtijpdmaas,  a» 


the  Mdbomeln)iscM  themfelves.  They  haveBAT^nor- 
many  other  fuperlliriotis,  no  kf^  unaccounta-  v^'V*^ 
bic,  and  too  tedious  to  be  inferred  heie. 

When  the  Marabouti  of  the  ]il.ick>,  who,  i^niran:i^ 
for  the  mod  part,  arc  not  very  llriit  obkr- 
vers  of  the  /I'.cjran  rul.s,  are  aik'd  wh  nee 
they  derive  their  ablutions,  circurncifion, 
and  other  ceremonies  in  ufe,  they  m.ikc  no 
other  anfwer,  but  that  they  have  been  prac- 
tis'd  by  them  and  their  anccllors  time  out 
of  mind. 

I  have  fhown  how  much  thefe  Afi  tsars  are 
fubjed  tofuperltinon,and  fhall  add  no  more 
but  tills  one  particular,  tli.it  th;  y  will  not  eafc 
themk-lves  at  fta,  unk-fs  they  be  too  far 
from  the  fhore ;  anei  when  ihey  do  itat  l.in.l, 
they  cover  it  with  earth  or  iiuid,  according 
to  the  ceremonial  law  given  to  th(i  'Jcwi, 
Dent.  x,\iii,  13. 


CHAP.     ^T. 

O/'Malionict  and  bis  Alcoran;  the  feveral  fcHs  ^j/ Mahometans ;  the  at  us  0/ 
Medina  (77/^  iMccca,  rtW  MahonictJ /ow^  j  atid  of  t  he  hubs,  then  original. 


\ 


firjt  coming  into  Africa,  &c. 

HAVING  already  made  mention  of 
Mahmct  and  his  yluor.iii,  which  I 
fhall  have  occafion  feveral  times  to  fpeak  of 
again  in  the  following;  defeription  of  Nigri- 
tia  and  Gi;ii,ea,  it  will  not  be  improper  to 
give  fome  Im.ill  account  ot  both,  for  the  in- 
formation of  fuch  as  are  altogether  unac- 
quainted with  them. 

M/vHOMtT, 

Buihth.  T'HE  Arali.vi  falfe  prophet,  was  born, 
•*•    according  to   fome  authors,    at  Umib 
near  Mecca,  in  /Irahia  I'e'.ts,  on  the  litth  of 
May,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  570.      His 
father  was  a  pagan,  call'd  .Ird.ilti,  was  the 
fon  ot  AhdelmtitaLf,  and  gr.ind'bn  to--i?/'(/i7- 
tnencf;    his  mother  a  Jetdjh   woman,    by 
nune£m/«i7,  tiie  daughter  of /Aviv/.  How- 
ever, thofe  of  his  fed  will  have  iiim  to  be 
of  royal  extr.iftion,    anil  liave  di.duced  his 
genealogy  from  Adam,    with   a';  little  fenle 
Cff/ fd/iT- as  is  to  be  found  in  his  religion.      Poverty 
xict,        at  firft  obliged  him  10  f  rve  an  Aralivi  mer- 
chant of  Ciiii-uiii,  whole  name  was  Kcro  Pa- 
dicba,  by  which  means  he  convtr.i'd  much 
among  Chrilli.ms  and  Jews.     His  mother's 
brother  pretendin|5  to  be  a  great  afbrologer 
and  magician,    gave   out   he  wduLI  be  a 
mighty  king  and  law-giver  -,  which  rcnJer'd 
him  famous. 
Ui'i'm        H'^  matter  dying,  the  widow,  whofe  name 
kh  mi/-    was  Cadicbt'  or  ^Tadii^e,  a  woman  of  about 
'■'/'•        fifty  years  of  age,  was  prevail'd   upon  by 
Alithomet  to  marry  him,  by  which  means  !k 
becat  le  her  other  hulb.md's  In  ir.     He  made 
ufe  cfher  wealth  to  raifc  himkit,  and  benig 
naturally  ambitious,  ftiove  to  get  above  all 


his  companions.  To  this  purpo.l'  he  aflb- 
ciated  with  one /?<(/;>f5,  ?i'j.icJiU;  Sc?\gius, 
a  Neihria'i  heretick  ;  and  fome  Jens  of  his 
acquaintance  ;  that  hisfefl  might  have  fome- 
thing  ofeveiy  religion,    » 

77  ?  A  I.  c  o  11  A  N. 

WITH  tlieir  adiftance  he  compiled  xhz Tl.t n-iturr 
A'coraii,  fignifying  in  Ara!  :c\-  the  book ;  'j  " 
being  a  volume  full  of  inroherenees  and 
abfurdities,  divided  into  four  parts,  and  each 
of  them  into  feveral  chaptci-,  \\idi  comical 
titles  to  them,  -.m,  Of  toe  cciv,  tf  the  ants,  of 
theffiden,  of  the  table,  cf  the  fle.u  ;  and  ma- 
ny, more  no  Id's  ridiculous.  The  book  is 
compos'd  in  Arabiik,  pure  as  to  the  flil.-, 
but  fo  void  of  method,  that  it  is  a  nieer 
jumble  ot  incongruity  -,  the  impodor  fome- 
limesfpeaking  in  hisown  pjifon,  ionictimes 
as  by  the  mouth  ot  God,  and  fometimes  for 
the  f.iirhful.  All  Ills  noiio.is  are  bo:rovk''d 
from  the  hrrefles  of  Arms,  Sahelilns,  and 
fuch  others.  He  fometinv  s  makes  ufe  of  tiic 
hidories  of  the  bible,  filfifying  ns  is  for  his 
turn,  corrupting  that  of  the  pttri.uchs,  and 
adding  fabler,  about  the  hirih  of  Ch'id,  ,ind 
his  Ibrc-runner  Si.Jchr  B:pihl.  Norvvitii- (Vfjfi-«fip» 
danding  all  this,  thehookisin  fujh  vene- ;>•".' 'u". 
ration  among  tliofc  iiilivl  K,  t!iat  if  a  Chri- 
If  ian  or  a  Jex;  dioulJ  bur  touch  it,  he  v/ould 
be  immediately  put  tod-.ath,  unleli  hcch.in- 
gcd  his  religion  ;  and  if  a  Mif/Ji,!ni.:>i  or  true 
believer,  as  they  call  themielves.  handles 
it  without  wafliing  his  hands,  he  i.  r-^puted 
crimin.d.  So  fully  has  ilvir  t.Iie  pro[)heC 
perluaded  them,  that  not  ill  the  men  in  the 
worldj  nor  even  all  the  angels  in  heav.n, 

can 


64 


A  Dcfcription  of  the  Coafls 


Book  I. 


f:^'% 


lis 


Bar nor 


Opinh'i  of 

ClIRUT. 


On- 

(erning 

ClIUJST. 


ChiUrtn 
urjtr  jif- 
lit'i  J-md 


Ani  ■ 
£">!■ 


c.'.n  cvcT  compofc  fiich  another.  For  iliis 
rf.ifon  ilicy  hate  all  tliat  ilo  noc  bilicvc  it, 
and  prt'tcnd,  that  God  fine  it  to  Mubomt 
by  tlie  angel  G.il»i-l,  written  on  a  ()ir(h- 
nicnt  made  ot"  thelkinofthcram,  which  //- 
hrakun  ficrificcd  in  lieu  ot  his  ton. 

As  for  the  doctrine,  it  fiys,  that  aftir 
ihepunilhnientot'thefulll'Ollerity  ol',V././w, 
who  is  placed  as  antientelt  in  the  catalogue 
of  prophet?,  Noab  repair'd  whattiic  Ibinier 
Ii.id  loll.  Tiiat  Ahruhiim  fiicceeded  tiiis  le- 
cond,  and  Jofcpb  the  third,  he  being  pro- 
duced by  a  nil  rack,  as  Mofa  was  pretlrv'd 
by  another.  That  St.  Jobn  Ba;tijl  was  fenc 
to  preacli  the  gofpel,  which  was  ertablilh'd 
by  J E SI'S  Christ,  conccivM  without  cor- 
ruptii);),  in  the  womb  of  a  virgin,  free 
from  the  temjitations  of  the  devil,  created 
by  tile  brt-athof  God,  an^i  ar.i.nated  by  his 
rioly  Spirit  ;  and  that  Mabomct  had  con- 
(irin'd  it.  Notwithflanding  his  giving  thele 
encomiums  to  tiic  Saviour  ot  tiie  world, 
wliom  this  book  calls  The  word,  lb:  virtue, 
the  foul,  and  the  Jlreiigth  cf  God  \  yet  he  de- 
nies his  eternal  generation,  and  mixes  ex- 
trava!i,ant  fables  with  the  facred  truths  of 
chriftianity. 

Mahometan  Tenets. 
•yHEY  hold  that  there  is  but  one  God 
■*■  without  trinity  of  perfons  •,  that  Je- 
scs  CtiRisT  was  a  great  prophet,  calling 
him  CidyXniJfa,  and  their  own  prophet  Ci- 
dy-Mabamelh.  They  allow  Chkist  to 
have  been  thcmoft  holy  of  all  men,  that  he 
wrought  infinite  nMracles,  yet  do  not  allow 
that  he  died  as  we  believe,  but  that  he  was 
taken  up  into  heaven,  where  he  continues 
both  in  foul  and  body,  and  will  return  to 
live  forty  years  on  the  cartii,  in  order  to  re- 
unite all  nations  under  one  only  law  ;  after 
wliich,  he  Ihall  be  laid  in  the  tomb,  which 
Mahomet  caus'd  to  be  made  on  the  right 
hand  of  his  own.  They  b.lieve  that  thofe 
who  follow'd  thedoiflrine  of  Jesus  Chr:st 
iill  the  coming  o(  Mabomct,  will  be  faved  ; 
but  that  the  religion  we  now  profet's,  not 
Li.ing  tiie  fame  which  he  taught,  and  the 
pcrfecution  ot  the  Jews  having  hindred  his 
bringing  it  to  perfedion,  luch  as  will  not 
follow  the  law  of  their  propiiet,  v/iio  was 
tint  by  God  for  no  other  purpofe  than  to 
give  it  tlie  iafl  perfei^ion,  and  whom  there- 
fore tiiey  call  his  great  favourite,  and  the 
interpreter  of  his  will,  fhall  fuffer  eternal 
pains. 

They  hold,  th;it  all  ciiildren  dying  be- 
fore the  age  of  fifteen  years,  whether  tiiey 
be  chriftians,  jews,  or  idolaters,  go  to  hea- 
ven -,  but  if  tlu y  pafs  that  age,  without  ac- 
knowledging Mihonitt  for  God's  favourite, 
they  are  loll  to  eternity  ;  except  females  dy- 
ing virgins,  which  they  pretend  are  referv'd 
for  accomplilhing  the  number  of  feventy. 


wiiich  every  Mujfulman  or  believer  is  to  en*  * 
joy  in  heaven.  They  allow  the  books  of 
Alu/es,  the  plalms  of /Jij-J/J,  the  holy  go- 
Ipels,  as  interpreted  by  Hogiui  the  NeJIorian, 
and  the  AlcifiW  to  be  true  canonical  fcriptures. 
They  admit  ot  praying  lor  the  dead,  after 
the  dudrine  of  Or[^,ii,  believ  ing  that  the  tor- 
ments ot'  thedamn'd  will  cealeat  laft,  and 
that  the  dtvils  ihall  be  converted  by  thcyf/- 

Mahomet  makes  the  foul  to  be  a  portioti 
of  God,  as  the  Gnojlicki  did  -,  and  tho'  he 
allows  fiee-wiU  in  man,  yet  aflerts  a  de- 
iliny,  like  the  pagans.  Tht  Alcoran  Uys.stvn  hn- 
there  are  feven  heavens,  and  the  book  of'"""- 
//;:>);•  adds,  that  A/<jAo//;f/ law  them  all,  be- 
ing mounteil  on  an  animal,  call'd  Albcrak, 
wliich  was  bigger  than  an  afs,  and  fmallcr 
th.ui  a  mule.  The  firft  of  thole  heavens  was 
ot'purefilver  i  the  fecond  of  goldj  the  third 
of  precious  ftones,  in  whicii  was  an  angel  of 
luch  a  prodigious  magnitude,  that  one  of 
his  hands  wasleveniy  thoufand days  journey 
diftant  from  the  other,  in  one  of  which  he 
held  a  book,  which  he  was  continually  read- 
ing. The  fourth  heaven  was  of  emeralds ; 
the  fitih  of  cryllal  ,  the  fixth  of  the  colour 
of  fire  i  and  the  feventh,  a  delicious  garden, 
through  wiiich  there  rvci  fprings  and  rivers 
of  milk,  honey,  and  wine,  with  abundance 
of  ever-green  trees,  loaded  with  apples,  the 
kenv.l-i  whereof  are  converted  into  virgins, 
fo  beautiful  and  fweet,  that  if  one  of  them 
fliould  but  fpit  into  the  vaft  ocean,  the  wa- 
ters of  it  would  immediately  lofe  their  falc- 
ncls. 

This  unaccountable  book  adds,  that  th'ts MenJIrm 
heaven  is  guarded  by  angels,  fome  of  which  *»i«.'i. 
liave  hi  ads  like  oxen,  bearing  horns,  with 
forty  ihoulaiid  knots  in  them,  and  thac 
til  re  is  forty  days  journey  dillancc  from 
on-  knot  to  another.  Othersof  thofe  angels 
have  feventy  thouland  mouths,  in  cacli  of 
wl  ich  are  feventy  thoufand  tongues,  and 
eac  h  of  them  praifes  God  feventy  thoufand 
limes  a  day  in  feventy  thoufand  different  lan- 
guages. 

Before  the  throne  of  God  (land  fourteen 
lighted  torches,  being  fifty  years  journey  in 
length  1  hut  it  does  not  lay,  whether  thcfe 
journeys  r.re  on  foot  or  on  liorfeback.  All  Ftliciiytj 
the  apartments  in  ihefe  fabulous  heavens  will*"  ■•>• 
be  adorn'd  with  all  that  can  be  imagin'd 
moft  pompous,  rich,  and  magnificent;  and 
the  blelied  fhall  be  kd  with  the  rarell  and 
moft  exquifite  eatables.  Be  fides,  they  fliall 
marry  maidens,  wiiich  fliall  retain  thnr  vir- 
ginity -,  making  feli  ity  to  confill  in  fenfual 
bn.rality. 

The  ingenious  Monf.  Pafcal,  fpeaking  of^y;,^!^ 
the  Mah?m:-t.in  religion,  fays,  ;;  bas  the  A\-nttiem. 
conn  for  iH  fuundatton,  a<id  M.ihomti  was 
the  com.ilc-r  if  it  ;  bin  I  bat  his  ja>adif  is  Jin- 
gtdarly  ridiculous.  And  indeed  what  can  be 

imagin'd 


Chap, 


Will. 


1 


Supftrnr 

t^  the 
tirih. 


an 

rni 
bel 
for 
wil 
M, 
fpr 
fr,i; 

Sun 

gels 
ilep 
ami 
ferv 
the 
fenti 
proa 
one  I 
the  I 
mam 
the  ( 
time, 
lias  a 
wliitc 
black 
the  (1; 
Ti: 
creati 
ox,  (1 
%  with 

I  til':  W( 

teeth  ; 

':  each  c 

■:  could 

■,  the  n( 

reftid 

notion 

been 

fets  fo 

>/(>/„  ,./t|,e  l,,.,( 

"'«'"'•     tion,  0 
pens  is 
iiig,  th 
conil, 
withoii 
putiiijr 
in  foil  1 11 
bf  put 
cefs,  PI 
faithful, 
radilc:  b 
in  the  e 
P'opl.-  J 
very    1) 
finguag. 
ii    ;s  a 
pro,uii 
fmrj  10  wit;  o.lt 
''";•""■•  burn  b.s 
nrvi  c\\, 
Wilei!     t' 
Vol.. 


)0K  I. 

1- 

3f 
3- 
«» 

:s. 
;er 
>r.- 

nd 
41- 

ion 

he 

Ac- 

bc- 

,lkr 
was 
hird 
:lof 
e  of 
rney 
:hhe 
rcad- 
Ms ; 
alour 
rden, 
rivers 
dance 
I,  the 
rgins, 
chcm 
le  wa- 
r  falt- 


\.t  th'\S  Mcnflnm 

with 

that 
from 
angels 

hof 

and 

fand 
nt  Ian- 


■4 


Chap.  6. 


o/'Nigiitia,  or  North-Guinea' 


^^ 


4 


niii. 


TwiHo'y 


Supftrttr 

t^  tlie 
eitih. 


JU 


iiirtren 
ney  in 
cIkIc 

All  rttiriti'j 

ns  will*'"  •■'■ 
agin'd 
and 
It  and 
y  fhall 
nr  vir- 
fcnfual 

.ing  ofj^j^;,,i«, 
Ijc  Al- »««»'■ 

ttt  was 
is  fill- 

■can  be 

1  agin'd 


iniaf^in'd  more  abfurd  and  ftupid,  tlian  the 
idea  oF  the  hliflcd  in  heaven  as.  related  above, 
and  a'i  lollows  on  below. 

1  he  /I'.ior.iii  lays,  that  vonien  Ihall  not 
enter  inm  p'radife  •,  but  will  at  a  diUance 
bi'iiol.l  ihe  li  licity  of  their  luifbands.  As 
for  h'.ll,  it  will  be  a  place  ot  lornieiits,  which 
will  end  at  lall:,  through  the  gootinef'j  of 
Maicm  f,  who  will  walh  the  damnM  in  a 
fpring,  and  then  caule  them  to  fealt  on  ihe 
frajjiiicn";  of  the  provilions  of  the  bleP^'d. 

I'or  p.iip;atory,  the  yllcorjn,  ant.  tiie 
Sum  lay,  that  after  deaih,  two  black  an- 
gel', come  into  tlic  grave,  ami  return  the 
depaited  foul  iiuo  its  body  ;  then  they  ex- 
amine the  perl'on,  whetner  he  ha.  duly  ob- 
fervetl  the  law.  If  the  decealed  aniwers  in 
the  atHrmitive,  and  it  is  not  true,  the  of- 
fending member  gives  him  the  lye,  and  re- 
proaches him  with  his  tiime:  after  wiiii  li, 
one  of  thole  black  fpirits  knocks  iiim  on 
the  head  with  a  iiammer,  in  fuch  a  furious 
manner,  as  links  him  leveii  fathom  deep  in 
the  earth,  and  torments  iiini  lor  a  long 
time.  If,  on  the  contrary,  the  dead  man 
lias  anfwercd  right,  as  being  innocent,  two 
while  angels  fiioceed  in  the  place  o*  the 
black,  ;  '.carefully  prtfrivc  that  body  till 
the  day  of  judgment. 

Tiie  earth,  according  to  this  book,  was 
treatid  in  two  days,  and  is  upheld  by  an 
ox,  ff.inding  under  it,  on  a  v.jiiie  Hone, 
witii  his  head  to  the  cdl,  and  his  t.iil  to 
the  well,  ha\ing  forty  iiorns,  and  as  many 
teetii  •,  and  ti.e  horns  at  fuch  diffancc  Irom 
each  otlier,  that  it  is  as  much  as  a  man 
could  do  to  walk  from  any  one  ot  them  to 
the  ni  xt  in  a  thoufind  years,  tho'  he  never 
refted.  To  conclude  with  thefe  ridiculous 
notions,  it  will  fuffice  to  add  to  what  has 
been  already  mentioned,  that  the  AUoran 
fets  forth  two  aboininable  propofitions,  as 
A'tiths  f/the  bafis  of  the  law  ;  the  firft  is  predeftina- 
uhiicn.  nQn,  or  the  belief,  that  whatloevcr  hap- 
pens is  fo  lirmy  decreed  by  the  eternal  be- 
ing, that  notiiing  can  divert  it.  The  fe- 
cond,  that  this  religion  is  to  be  ])lanted 
witiiouc  miracles  eft.ibliflied  witliour  dit- 
puiing,  and  received  witiiout  contradi;?tion  j 
infomuch,  tiiat  ail  who  oppole  it,  are  to 
be  put  to  death  without  any  torm  of  pro- 
ccfs,  or  trial  ;  and  that  \.\\c  Majfuhnniis,  or 
faithful,  killing  fuch  unbelievers,  merit  pa- 
radiie  by  li)  doing.  1  fence,  to  this  day, 
in  tlie  empire  ol'tlie  cherif  of  jV/o'oic?,  the 
p'ople  have  fo  great  an  abhorreiiee  for  the 
very  name  ot  a  chritlian,  which  in  their 
language  imports  the  fame  as  a  dog,  that 
it  IS  a  molt  common  and  provoking  re- 
proach among  them.  They  never  utter  it 
'iMy./ (0  witi  o.it  adding,  God  deHroy  him,  or  God 
hum  h.s  fathi'  iuid  molhi)-.  Thele  are  the 
firft  exp.  rllions  they  teach  their  childrn, 
wiier    t'.,v   begin    to    fpeak  i   and  when 

Vol..  V. 


.•■<,:i.li,: 


a  chriftian  appear'  in  Mequiiuz,  the  rc-nAuiurr 
fidence  of  the  court,  he  is  generally  ex-  "♦V"^. 
pofed  to  be  iiooted  at  by  the  rabble  and 
children,  which  follow  their  fport  of  a- 
bufing  .md  throwing  iVjms  at  him.  The 
Akoriin  enjoins  its  being  forc'd  on  inarikind 
by  violence  and  arms.  I'hey  ar,;  no  lefs 
mortal  enemies  to  a'l  fedts  of  A/rt/jswc/^vi 
differing  from  their  own,  and  particulaily 
thofe  who  follow  Omar. 

I  will  now  briefly   mention   what  hi\p- Cimrnmi 
pened  in  relation  to  this  extragavan:  book,'"""  "" 
after  the  deccafe  of  Mabovut.     The  caltern '*'  '^'" 
nations,  who  are    no  Ids   inconltant   than 
fuperflitious,  labouring  to  become  pertldt 
in    this   new  religion,    there   were   at   Kit 
found  above  two  hundred  different  commen- 
taries on  the  Ai.ijran.     This  contufion  of 
doiitrines  being  likely  to  occafion  tnuch  mif- 
chief,  among  thole  headltrong  ignorant  peo- 
ple, every  one  endeavouring  to  enhance  the 
value  of  his  own  chimerical  comments ;  Mo- 
f'dvia,    then  calit  of  B:il>\.'on,  contrived  to 
appeife  the  troubks  arifing  with   that  va- 
riety of  iVdt  .     'I'o  this  eficdt,  he  lummon- 
ed  a  general   aflembly  to  meet  in  the  city 
of  Damai'itts,  whither  all  fuch  as    had  any 
writings  of  tlieir  legifl  itor,  or  his  fuccel* 
Ibrs,  were   ordered  to  bring  them.     The 
vaft  diverfity    ot  ojiinions   produced   fuch 
hot  contefts  among  thole  doctors,  that  no- 
thing could  be  co.;cu  led.     Hereupon,  Mo-rh  \- 
havia\.\\ok  himfelffix  of  the  molt  learned,  c"'^".'"'* 
whom  he  lliut  up  in  an  apartment,  with"* 
dirciflions  that  each  of  them    lliould  pick 
out  what  he  could  find  belt  in  all  that  va- 
riety ;  whercol   '.here  were  li.x  books  com- 
pofed,  which    t' •    this  day    a  e  called   the 
AUoran,  all  the  relt  being  l.i;1  into  the  ri- 
ver.    It  was  then  ordered,  t'lat  no  perfon 
whatfoever  fhould  prefume  ro  fay,   believe, 
or  adt  contrary  lo  what  was  writ  in  that  vo- 
lume, under  the  penalty  of  being  declared 
a  lieretick.     Notwithitandi.ig  all   tiie  care 
thofe  doctors  had    .  iken  to  eftablith  one 
fole  fundamental  do> trine,  ti.ey  could  not 
prevent  becoming  auihors  of  four  levcral 
capital  feCls. 

Four  Sects  of  Mahometans. 

'THE  firft  is  that  callcd.VA/y;!../,  frotn  xhtVi'fi'l* 
■*•    dodtor  A-Lltck,  whom   Maonol  namci-^'''" 
IbnihnelcC;  being  that  o(  Ahiwdcr,   fither- 
iii-law  to  Mahowc:,  the  mole  lup.rftitious, 
and  followed  by  rhe  Moots  a.'d  Ar.ibi,  or 
the  Siiraa'Ks,  Agarenians  and  Africans.    The 
fccond    is   called    Imn.iana,    or   Vonljual,"^""'*- 
agreeable  to   the   interpretation   of.///  or 
liali,    fon-in-law   to    MahomH,    as   having 
married   iiis   daughter  Vatima,    being    the 
moft    ration  ,1,   and  tollowed  by  the  Per- 
fiaiis;  as  alii.>  by  the  iJt'rtvV'c  A/alls',  who 
w.inder  in  ho.irds  about  the  delarts  ot  Lybia  ) 
by  the  Indian.;  tome  people  in  Anwui,  the 
S  Ge.ilm 


66 


A  DefmptioH  of  the  Coajls         Book  I. 


f 


1      I    u: 


f  ► 


Hakhdt  CrU'ins  of  /'"'  Y^,  anil  fome  Iiarlu:r:aii!  itwrl- 

^'^V^'  lin;^  on  ilie  luiglihoiirinij;  mountains.  4f:i>-- 
Mv/  nanu-s  this  ti;(^t  llaneji.i,  or  .1fifi~i,  tli.ic 
is,  the  law  ot'  religion,  and  ilevotion  ,  .Ki- 
lling, that  it  is  tbllowcd  hy  a  ^rcat  mimbtr 
o\  Sanui'in,  ami  hy  the  p.oplcot  D.im.i'cui 

jlinhitd.  and  5)r/.i.  'I"he'r/'>/(>tollowih'Mhiid,  which 
is  the  fiffll,  being  lint  of  Omar,  wliich 
M.irmrA  \\\.ys  isciliil  liu.vujii,  or  Chilayi, 
from  till.-  M.uiv;  of  thf  .uithnf.,  who  (oni- 
pilcd  or  iliyjilhd  it,  like  the  other  two 
above.  It  is  alio  c.illed  l.cjhirla,  Irom  one 
Lr'/ijiri,  who  became  the  hc.ul  of  ihe  /It  i- 
hl.tn  divines,  and  gatltered  the  three  others 

j/^Wiwr//;.  into  one  volume.  I'he 'r^MViii  l.)lli)W  the 
fourth,  which  is  the  nv.ll  fimph  ,  and  luit- 
able  to  tlic  lenumints  r>t  OMi/.iin,  orO;/:(i- 
man.  M  ibotne!  is  equally  refpeded  by  all 
thelV  Ions  ot  dtlmied  wretthcs,  who  .dl 
believe  he  is  the  gr.  ateft  of  prophets.  The 
religion  ot  all  thele  livLt.il  n.\tions  is  de- 
ferilnd  in  their  hilfory  and  geogr.iphy,  to 
whu  h  I  retVr  the  curious  ;  as  .ilfo  to  what 
M.irihu!  h,.s  writ  concerning  tl.ole  partirDlir 
frds,  which  had  all  a  being,  when  he  hv'd, 
in  /lf\i  .'.nd  . Ifr'ua. 

Many  holy  and  learned  chriflian  doiflors 
have  Iblidly  n  futed  the  inipofturcs  ol'thi'  'X- 
travagant  colKfticn  ;  as  St.  J  hn  DamtiJ^f.e, 
Peter  yf  Cluni,  the  cardinal  ot  Ci(ja,  John 
ot  Segoviii,  Sec. 

Their  Ra  madam   cr    Lent,    an3 

!■'  E  S  T  1  V  A  L  S. 

A'-'/Vh/owj  TT  m'-  M^thom'tans  keep  a  lent  of  thirty 
/>,<  *     days  by  them  called  Ra/iutddn,  fill- 

ing from  break  ot  d.iy,  till  tl.c  lirfl  ap- 
p.aran(  c  of  the  flars  in  the  evening,  and 
then  Ipend  moll  ol  the  night  in  gluttony 
and  debauchiry.  Some  days  before  the 
Ra'ihiiian  b  gins,  they  prepare  for  it  with 
abundance  ot  mirth,  repeated  volleys  of 
fmall  arms,  and  frequent  cries  of  JlLiab, 
that  i=,  God.  They  are  all  on  the  watch 
to  difcover  the  new  moon,  anl  fire  at  her 
ris  iTie  riles.  'I  hen  they  aflcmble,  to  make 
their  S.jta,  or  jirayer,  with  their  VLvahut, 
or  T^Hie  ;  kneeling,  rifing,  and  prollrating 
thimlL'lves,  with  t.heir  fices  on  the  ground, 
fuccclFivily,  always  looking  tow.irds  tiie 
Hjlhuh.  eaft.  They  have  three  great.  felHvals,  like 
our  Eajler  and  lybitfuntu'e,  which  they  ob- 
ferve  for  the  fpacc  of  feven  davs,  but  do 
not  abll.iin  from  buying  and  felling,  any 
more  than  on  FriJ^iy,  which  are  tlv.ir  5,7^- 
hath.  The  firfl  of  t'"*e  fellivals  is  kept  on 
the  firfl  day  of  the  moon  after  their  Ru- 
madaii ;  on  which  day  the  Cberif,  or  em- 
peror oi  M'jrocro,  ufually  has  all  prifoners 
brought  before  h'm,  and  either  acquits,  or 
p  Its  th  ■m  to  death,  according  to  the  na- 
ture of  their  offences,  or  tlie  humour  he 
is  then  in,  for  he  is  a  cruel  and  bloody  prince. 
Mr.  St.  Olon  reports  of  him,  that  on  the 


third  d.iy  of  this  fdlival,  he  m  Ins  prclcnco 
[Hit  twenty  men  to  lieatii.  The  (ccond  le- 
llival,  i  illed  the  great,  is  llventy  days  af- 
ter the  Riim,itliin,  and  celcbr.i'eil  'jy  facri- 
ficing  to  Mahomet  as  many  iheep  as  they 
have  ni.de  rliildrcn  in  their  families,  in  me- 
mory ot  die  laenlicc  of  J'>\il<am,  the  fa- 
ther of  Ifin.h!^  the  progrihior  of  iW  .1rai> 
.'l^urenuini,  and  from  lum  they  believe  Ma- 
I  ••(•;'s  mother  was  line.illy  delcendeil.  The 
third  litlival  IS  alw.iys  three  moons  and  two 
days  after  the  fecond,  and  k(  pt  in  honour 
ot  Mihomet's  birth  i  during  the  firlt  day* 
whereof,  they  feed  on  pap,  in  memory  of 
that  whii  h  he  eat.  Ihey  <  lebratc  the  fe.dl 
ot  St.  Jobii  H.if'ii !  with boi, files  in  their  gar- riafl  ff%t. 
dens,  burii.n!;  mudi  fr.inkiiicenle  about  the  JkIih  liip- 
fruit-trees,  to  dr.iw  a  bklling  on  thein."^- 
Tliey  .illow  of  circiimcilion,  but  do  not 
fix  the  age,  nor  the  time  for  ii.  Befitles 
the  feall  ot  St  Jnhn,  they  call  upon  about 
a  dozen  more  <;f  tlieir  faints  i  and  particu- 
larly Chli-BcL'ah:(,  who  iluy  fay  is  St.  /^«- 
,^ultii:,  the  word  L:Ji  importing  holy  or 
lord,  Tluy  all  make  the  Sa/ti,  or  pray 
four  times  .i  d.iy,  ,ind  once  in  the  night,  at 
Certain  let  hours,  whicli  are  notify 'd  to  I  hem 
by  the  cues  and  noife  made  by  proper  of- 
ficers, like  our  fcxton.s  on  the  tops  of  their 
Cemmes  or  Moftjueu  They  obferve  abun 
dance  of  ablutKJiis,  or  wafhings,  and  other 
ceremonies  in  their  religious  worfhip  ;  which 
1  forbear  to  dilate  upon,  referring  to  the 
pioper  authors. 

To  return  lo  Mahomet :  He  having  tIniSMtho- 
made  up  his  religion,  pirtly  of  Judaifm^rnti'in't. 
and  pai.ly  of  the  ravings  of  condemned 
lieictiiks,  adapting  it  to  the  fenfuality  ot 
lorriipt  nature,  f\\f\.  caufed  a  parcel  of 
wi,  keil  men,  and  vatrabond  robbers,  who 
knew  nmhiiig  of  tiod,  or  rightcoiifnefs  to 
embrace  it  by  the  powerful  argument  of 
his  A.alth,and  fome  fly  infinuations.  With 
thcll  men  he  had  recourfc  to  arms,  and  by 
degrees  fubdued  fevcral  nations,  more  par- 
ticularly thofe  of  ArabtJ.  Me  had  under 
him  ten  cliief  lieutenants,  which  were  /Ibu- 
leker  Ceiii-\  his  tathcr-in-law,  Omar  B  n  el 
II:iial>,  OihiiMi  Ren-nfen,  Alt  Ibnt  Abita.'el', 
Alotivia,  ///;  Zubi:r,  Alijzcd,  Ab:azid,  Alt 
Oheid,  and  Abuinl  Had  Aiizuri,  alias  Zeut 
Abeii  Cehel.  All  thefe  were  his  prime  doc- 
tors, or  divines,  as  well  as  commanders. 
The  tl.rec  firlt  of  them  fuccelTively  became 
califs  after  Alahomft,  or  Ibvcreigns  of  all 
the  dominions  he  had  ruled  over,  contrary 
to  what  he  iiad  appointed,  viz.  that  All  his  ^ 

fon-in-law   flioul  1    fucceed  him.     But  ilic  | 

other  three  combining  together,  after  the 
death  of  M.it'vut,  by  their  intcrefl,  and 
the  vo'.es  of  the  other  prime  commanders, 
chole  Abiil'rktr  the  firfl  calif;  after  whora 
the  others  fucceeded  in  the  fupreme  au« 
thority, 

Mtihomct 


Chj 


HitfisMdi 


ft''  fli^lit 
from 


I  *■ 


I 

J 
I 

V 

jl 
h 
tc 

Vi 

io 

Vc 

f)ri 
lefl 
I'rc 
led 

[)cr 
I 
of 

COU 

e.xpi 

tl  IV 

and 

•  iron 

retir 

of  tf 

from 

vietch 

coini 

thi; 

wivc'J 

hat  i\ 

^iid,»th  is  fiij 

in  the 
eight  I 
/even  I 
time 
mallei 
G'r, 
workil 
'Jill 
is  ncvj 

year])! 
vci  y 
irom 

tiigioiJ 
pay  til 
U\k-  ]( 
Mnli,\ 
called 
It  is  fill 

of  joi 

tower, 
Juing  \\ 


"I*itl. 


Mjjio- 

mtt'i 

tomb. 


okI. 


ChAp;  6.  o/'Nigritia)  or  North  Guinea. 


(h 


HiifroiUi.  M.ihomct  being,  as  ha»  been  laiil,  goc  boir. e t' s  coKxn,  under  a  canopy  of  tloth  oflJARBoT. 
iiuo  powtT,  |)UC  to  the  (word  all  th.it  re-  filver,  (.inbroidercd  with  ^old,  yearly  ftnt  v^v"w/ 
lultil  to  fubniit  to  his  (vivcrninrnt,  and  to    thitluT  by  tlic  balla  of  /',?^/'^  at  the  grand 

leignior's  ih.u^c.  It  is  not  true,  that  his 
coffin  It  made  ot  iron,  and  lianas  in  the 
air,  bi  iii(',  attradtaiby  loid  llonts,  as  fomc 
have  I'.ivcn  out  -,  for  tliou{.',h  it  be  death  tor 
any  ciirillian  to  come  within  fikcen  league? 
of  the  place,    the    truth    has   been   made 


embrace  Ins  religion.  Tiius,  by  hypocriti- 
cal niean.i,  this  impolhir  was,  in  a  fliort 
tiin.",  followed  by  a  valf  luultituile  i  and 
tl.,-  JK'tter  to  blinil  and  deceive  them,  being 
iVunlclf  much  troubled  with  the  (ailing  fick- 
ntfs,  he  had  a  tame  pigeon  which  would 


C                                ; 

o 

II 

/» 

of 

ift                          . 

ir-FM/f'/"- 

^^e  jiilin  !)>{>• 

m."'^- 

lOt                     ^. 

dcS                      ^1 

oui                  ^H 

cu-                  1^1 

M-                 ^1 

or                 ^H 

jray                   ^ 

t,  at                     3J 

rfu  ftiiht 

luni 

frcm 
Mecca. 

rof- 

their                 Wm 

bun                  ■ 

other                In 

which 

• 

0  the 

«. 

thus  M.ho- 

^ 

'daifm.mt^'^''}. 

1 

:mned 

ty  oi 

1 

A  of 

' 

,  who 

:rs  to 

fits  it»th 

•nl  ot 

With 

ni'  by 

t:  par- 

under 

:  Ahu- 

Bn  el 

bitii!e!>. 

r>k'i- 

,d,  Alt 

ITiA^tf. 

s  Zeul 

le  doc- 

mders. 

)ccame 

of  all 

)ntrary 

///( his 

ut  Uic 

ter  the 

a,  and 

ander-.. 

Maho- 

whora 

met 'J 
tmi. 

ne  au- 

thin  come  and  peck  in  Ins  ear  ;  and  that  he     known  by  'lurhjh  pilgrims,  who  afterwards 
jicrluaded  Ins  followers  was  the  angel  Ga      '  '    "  '      '         '  -'    - ' 


I'ru:',  li  ni  by  (lod,  to  tell  liim  what  he 
was  to  do.  it  is  alio  leporied,  that  bav- 
in;^ once  caiili.d  one  of  hi.  companions  to 
hide  himlelf  in  a  dry  w.ll,  he  ordered  him 
to  cry  aloud  a^  he  palled  by,  tliat  Miiho- 
iiut  was  tlie  true  prophet.  'I'his  man  did 
io,  and  tliOle  dull  people  admired  at  that 
wonder  i  but  the  imiiottor,  fearing  his  kna- 
very would  be  dilcovercd,  immediately 
ord'ri  li  iiis  coinp.my  to  fill  uj)  that  wll, 
lell  ii  ihould  atterw.irds  be  piofaned,  as  lie 
jfrctendal.  The  well  was  accordingly  fil- 
led up  with  Hones,  ami  the  wretch  waliin  it 
pcrifhed  in  a  mileiablc  manner. 

Moll  ol'  the  .Ira'j',  being  a  people  fond 
of  hovilry,  tu!k)wcd  Mah'.im: ;  but  his 
countrymen,  whf  knew  lomeihing  better, 
expelled  him  with  fcorn,  v/hen  tlicy  per- 
ceived his  defign  w.ib  to  let  up  lor  a  prophet 
and  I  i\\giver.  'I'luis  w.is  he  lorced  to  fly 
from  Micca,  on  the  lOih  ot  July  bii,  and 
rciired  to  Maitiia  al  Nubi,  that  is,  theciii 
ot  the  prophet,  ilillant  toer  days  journey 
from  Mt\Cii.  from  that  day  the  Mabo- 
vietans  reckon  their  Ilrgir't,  that  is,  their 
computation  ol  time,  as  cliiirtians  do  Irom 
the  birth  of  our  Saviour.     1  le  had  leveral 


became  (hrirtiaiis,  who  have  declared,  tlul 
thi:  ciilVin  IS  (uppoited  by  very  imall  co- 
lumns of  black  marble,  tnronip\flld  with 
filver  banifttrs,  huii;',  with  a  j'.rcai  nuinber 
of  lamj'5 ;  the  liiioke  whereof  doc.  !o  darken 
theplii-i",  that  it  is  notcafy  to  dilc  rn  how 
the  colHii  is  upheld.  The  'riirki  are  obliged, 
by  their  religion,  to  undertake  a  pilgri- 
mage once  in  their  lite,  to  worfhip  that  ton\b  ; 
but  at  [jreleni  only  tin  miaiier  lort  p-rfonn 
it,  the  richer  bdigealily  vlilpenltd  with  by 
the  Mtifli,  who  is  the  high-prieft  ot  the 
Mabomdtiir. 

At  M<-ica,  they  pay  their  devotions  at  a  Mecca, 
place  call'jd  Knuibc,  being  a  fquare  houfe, 
by  them  called  the  houle  of  God,  ind  fup- 
pol'ed  to  have  been  built  by  Abrahnm.  The 
moll  renowned  of  all  Mahometan  Mofque;, 
and  the  molt  reforted  to  in  the  univerfe, 
ftands  in  the  middle  of  this  city,  and  may 
be  fcen  at  a  great  dillancc  from  the  town, 
by  re.iloii  of  its  high  roof  in  the  nature  of 
a  cupola,  with  two  lotty  towers,  of  a  cu- 
rious Ihucuire.  There  are  above  an  hun- 
dred doors  into  it,  with  every  one  a  win- 
dow over  it.  The  floor  is  deep  in  the 
ground,  and  tlicy  dt  leend  into  it  by  ten 
or  twc  Ive  Ihpi,      rhcy  reckon  the  ground 


wives,  yet  fit  only  one  il  .ughter,  called  it  Hands  on  faered,  tor  two  roalons ,  the 
Fat :  111  a  ;  tho' others  fiy  he  ii.id  three.  He  firll,  becaufe,  f.iy  they, /^ini/j.iw  built  his 
is  laid  to  have  liied  on  the  17th  of  June,  firlt  houle  on  that  fpoc  •,  the  lecond,  be- 
in  the  year  ot  our  Lord  6 j  i ,  having  reigned  caufe  M..-'  omet  was  born  there.  The  whole 
eight  years  and  fome  months,  anel  lived  fixty  Mo/j«f  gbturs  with  the  riehcft  tapillry,  and 


feven  lunar  or  AraLuk  years.  Since  that 
lime  his  lollowers  have  made  themfelvcs 
mailers,  of  rali-jline,  Syria,  Pcrjia,  J^gyjt, 
G/it'iV,  &£c.  and  a  very  great  part  ot  the 
world  has  fubmittcd  to  his  law. 

The  city  oi Medina,  tho*  of  little  extent, 
is  nevertiiekfs  very  famous  among  liie  Ma- 
liomitr.i:^,  as  well  as  Me,\a,.iud  both  of  them 
yearly  reforted  to  in  gre.u  caravans  from 
vci  y  remote  part,->  of  the  world,  and  even 
ironi  the  weliwrn  fhores  of  Africa,  as  fez, 
Morocco,  'Treiiitzen,  Siii,  &c.  tho'  at  a  pro- 
digious dillance  •,    the  people   retorting  to 


other  woiks  in  gold  -,  but  more  particu- 
larly one  part,  whir.h  has  no  roof,  and,  ac- 
cording to  their  tradition,  is  the  extent  of 
Ahrahi-ih's  houfe  ;  the  door  leading  into  it 
being  ol  filvtr,  juft  broad  enough  for  a  man 
to  p.ils  through.  On  one  fide  of  it  is  a 
'Turbe,  fo  they  call  a  chappel,  enelofing  a 
very  deej)  well,  of  brackiih  water,  which 
they  reckon  fo  holy,  th.it  it  cleanfes  fioin  all 
fin  lueh  as  are  watlied  with  it.  On  the  day 
which  ani'wers  to  our  2  jd  of  M ircb,  a  I'o- 
lemn  fellival  is  there  kept,  after  their  man- 
ner, by  drawing  water  irom  this  well,  and 


lithemct 


pay  their  vows  and  religious  worlhip  to  that     fprinkling  ihcMuJfiihnain,  or  believers,  with 

talle  prophet's  body,  which  is  dcpofited  in     '       ~ 

JiLdiiia,  in  the  principal  Mofque,  by  them 

called  Mas  al  K:bu,  that  is,  the  moll  holy. 

It  is  fupported  by  400  pillars,  with  upwards 

of  3000   filver  lamps.     There   is  a  little 

tower,  all  covered  with  plates  of  filver,  and    tick  powders,  which  fprcad  a  moft  admira- 

hung  with  cloth  of  gold,  in  which  is  Mo'    ble  odour. 

'  '  Of 


It.  This  is  done  when  the  caravans  of  pil- 
grims arrive  at  Mecca.  The  arches  of  the 
Alcfque,  and  the  (hops  Handing  about  it, 
are  full  of  a  prodigious  quantity  of  rich 
meichandize,  precious  Hones,  and  aroma 


t 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


bi|28     |2.5 

1^  1^    |2.2 

1.8 


11.25  iU  11.6 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


>V 


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1 

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1 

\  '■''■  i 

1 

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f'!{fil 


I 


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■'    ;  ■■ 


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. 

If 

;l 

11 

«8 


y5?  Defer iption  of  the  Coafls 


Book  I. 


c*mt 


Arab: 


Bar  HOT.  Of  the  Arabs. 

^"^■^'^'-ij-HEY  all  pretend  to  be  ikfcendeil 
Ktv  thrf  ^  from  Ij'm:tH  and  Eiau,  as  mentioned 
imt  in  the  introdudory  difcourfe.  There  are 
very  m.iny  of  them  in  Africa,  who  firft 
cnter'd  it  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  653,  un- 
der OJman.,  or  Oibman,  their  calif,  who 
fent  thither  an  army  of  above  80000  com- 
batants, commanded  by  Oecuba  Ben  Nufic. 
Thefe  Arabs  built  there  the  city  of  Caira- 
veK  or  Carvan,  30  leagues  eaft  from  'I'ltnii. 
In  tlie  year  of  Christ  999,  which  is  of 
the  Higira,  or  Maboinetan  sra  400,  three 
races  or  tribes  of  A'abi  were  fent  into  A- 
frica,  by  p>rmi(Tion  of  Caira,  calif  of  Car- 
"v.in.  At  this  time  the  Afr'uan  Arabs  arc 
difperfcd  in  ftveral  parts,  and  iiave  many 
communities.  The  principal  tribe  or  hoard 
of  them  is  called  Efqucqiiia,  divided  into 
fix  others,  who  live  in  their  Aduars,  or 
villages,  which  are  eafily  removed  from 
place  to  place,  as  confilling  only  of  tents, 
with  only  two  avenues  to  them  ;  the  one 
for  the  herds  of  cattle  to  come  in,  and 
the  other  for  them  to  go  out ;  both  fliut 
up  at  night  with  thorns  to  keep  out  the 
lions.     The  .<i?/Mi;  of  A'/^whi/iVj  are  as  mifer- 

Num'idu  '^''''^  ^^  ^'^^  native  Afrkam  of  that  country. 
Tliey  have  better  natural  parts,  and  more 
courage,  keep  abundance  of  horfes  for  fale, 
and  love  hunting,a(lrology  and  poetry.  The 
other  Arabs  o^  Africa  are  not  fo  poor,  ex- 
cept thofe  who  live  in  the  defarts  of  Barca, 
betwixt  Barbary  and  E^yft.  They  are  laid 
to  be  treacherous  and  thievifli,  efpecialiy 
thofe  lall  mentioned,  who  are  often  obliged 
to  pawn  their  children  to  merchants  of  Sicily, 
and  other  places,  for  corn  to  fubfift  them. 
So  great  is  their  propenfion  to  robbery  and 
thelf,  that  their  very  name  feems  to  imply 
it  i  for  where  the  prophet  'Jeremy  fays,  like 
a  thief  in  the  niildernef  ;  St.  Jerotn  turns  it, 
like  nn  Arab  in  ths  •wildernef. 

Thefe  Arabs  are  generally  a  flothful  un- 
aflive  people,  retaining  nothing  of  the  for- 
mer bravery  of  their  anc(ftors,who  extended 
their  conquelts  fo  far,  not  only  in  Afia  and 
Africa,  but  even  in  Europe,  and  particular- 
ly in  Sfain  ;  which  kingdom  they,  for  the 
moft  part,  fubdued,  being  called  in  by  the 
bafe  count  Julian,  becaufe  king  Roderick 
had  debauched  his  daughter.  Thofe  infidels 
drove  the  Gotbs  into  the  mountains  of  Leon, 
Ajlurias  and  Calicia,  after  they  had  been 
poflTefled  of  that  nation  during  the  reigns 
of  thirty  four  kings,  from  Ataulfus,  the 
founder  of  their  monarchy  in  the  year  412, 
to  Roderick  in  713.  The  Arabian  authors 
call  this  entrance  into  Spain,  the  vidory  of 
Ar  iaUizia.  At  their  firft  landing  there, 
they  were  20000c  foot  and  40000  horfe, 
againft  whom  k\ngRoderi(k  oppofed  I  20000 
foorand  loooo  horfe,who  encamped  between 
Xerei  and  Mtdina  Sidonia  ;  and  on  Sunday 


of  the 

Arabs. 


the  fecond  of  Se; timber  714,  a  year  fatal  to 
SpiiiH,  the  battle  began,  which  lafted  eight 
days  fucceflively,  with  various  fuccefs  on*  •**"*• 
both  fides-,  till  at  lalV,  on  the 5«<»</ay  fol- 
lowing, in  the  evening,  the  Goths  gave 
way.  King  Roderick,  moft  authors  fiy,  was 
killed,  yet  others  affirm  he  fled,  difguifed 
in  a  Ihtpherd's  habit,  and  with  one  Roma- 
niis  a  holy  monk,  after  recovering  from  a 
fwoon,  occafioned  by  trouble  and  "weari- 
nefs,  made  his  way  into  P0ring.1l ;  where 
they  both  took  their  dwelling  on  the  fea- 
coaft,  near  the  town  of  Pederneira,  about 
nine  miles  from  each  other,  and  there  end- 
ed their  days.  Twenty  thoufanJ  Moors 
were  (lain  in  this  battle,  A  Spa>:ijlj  hifto- 
rian  upon  this  occafion  obferves,  that  the 
numbt-r  tight  was  fatal  to  Spain,  for  the  bat- 
tle lafted  eight  days,  the  Moors  fpcnt  eight 
months  in  lubduing  Spain  ;  during  which 
time,  80000  men  loft  their  lives,  and  the 
Spaniards  were  800  years  in  recovering  of 
the  country.  When  the  Moors  had  over- 
run the  greateft  p.irt  of  Spain,  Don  Pelago, 
or  Pela^iiis,  ereftcd  a  little  kingdom  among 
the  mountains  of  Galicia,  AJturiasznd  Leon 
in  the  year  717. 

In  or  about  the  year  732,  for  authors D,y„„^ 
vary,  Charles  Martel,  general  of  the  French,  *v  '*» 
gave  thefe  infidels  a  mighty  overthrow  near ''^"'^''• 
"^Toiirs,  where  they  '..ere  ravaging  and  de- 
ftroying  all  the  country.  Some  affirm,  there 
were  no  lefs  than  300000  flain  in  this  battle, 
others  more  niodeftly  write  80  or  loooco, 
and  with  i\\<imi\wr\<im^Abderramen.  After 
this  defeat,  the  Saracens  were  in  a  few  years 
quite  expelled  France,  where  they  had 
ranged  over  the  provinces  ot  Larguedoc  and 
Giiienne,  by  PFil.iam,  furnamed  au  Cornet, 
prince  of  Burgundy,  who  had  the  principa- 
lity of  Orange  beftowed  on  him  by  Charle- 
tnain,  as  the  reward  of  his  viflorics,  he  ha-  ' 
ving  alio  taken  the  city  of  Orange  from 
Thecba'd,  i ^Saracen  king.  Charleinatn  alfo 
conftituted  him  conftable  of  France,  duke 
of  Aquilai ft  and  Provence,  earl  of  Touloufe, 
and  governor  of  Languedoc.  From  this 
lyilliam,  the  princes  of  0'y)>;(;^  deduce  their 
gene.nlogy  ;  and  lie  wore  a  horn  on  his 
buckler,  and  was  thence  furnamed  au  Ccrnet. 
Charlemain  himfelf  gave  the  Arabs  a  great 
defeat  in  Srain,  in  the  year  778.  The  Giths 
after  fome  time  venturing  out  of  their  moun- 
tains, by  degrees  drove  thofe  infiJcIs  out  of 
Sp.iin;  yet  that  wir  lifted  near  800  years, 
till  Ferdinand  V.  furnimed  the  Caiholick, 
king  of  Ara;;on,  marrying  Ifab-l,  or  Eliza- 
beth of  Cajiile,  united  thofe  two  crowns,  and 
conquered  the  kingdom  of  Granadi  from 
the  M  on,  after  a  war  of  eight  year;,  and 
quite  expel  I'd  them  Sjain,  in  the  year  of 
Christ  1492.  Mahomet Boabdii,furnam'd 
el  Chico,  or  the  little,  fon  xaMuleyAjJen,  was 
then  king  of  Granada, 

Thi? 


Chap. 


tuj. 


Arahlrlc 
lillin. 


tlirninj. 


to 

Ah 

nirj 

iMjj; 

noti 

the 

tiieii 

i.'ie 

r-.'jhi 

t.'ed 

killei 

relh) 

woni 

tain'i 

there 

tiires. 

his  h, 

au  i)i 

celibr 

ofB7< 

one  o 

pleafi 

purity 

fouiita 

fly,  t, 

veil,  V 

I  m 

an  am] 

incut, 

the  Ar 

tO!)  lor 

h.ind,  n 

thing  0 

'I'hel 
of  the  / 
moft  a 
gcrher 
ami  foi 
txadly 
tl\ere  p'j 
alpiiabe 
the  1 1,'!, 
Ofth 


tkularly 

mathein 

rians,  rl 

tirs  of  t 

tilc  Aral 

efpeciall 

more  fr( 

the  Ara': 

the  wor 

They    h. 

/Viences. 

Abas,   w 

the  He^ii 

the    ftud 

pliilofoi 

cLii,  wh, 

fent  cmli 

ftailin  j!i 

wliirh  lie 

Vol, 


I. 


Chap.  6.        of  Nigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


Spaia. 


HtfmtiJ 
iri  the 
.  French. 


'^  Cnnidi  This  city  of  GiiDiatla,  by  fome  is  (liid 
*"}•  to  have  been  founded  by  Bedi;,  fon  to 
Jlen  Ikhiis,  wlio  lived  in  the  tenth  cen- 
tury ;  but  this  mull  be  meant  of  re-edify- 
iiij2;  or  enlarging,  that  [.-lace  havini;  been 
lyiied  fcveral  ages  before.  The  annals  ol 
the  .•/'■./5.I  tell  us,  the  Mr:'3rijh  k'njvs  kept 
their  rcfidenre  tliere,  from  that  time,  tili 
tiie  days  ot  .-H/eii  I/ril,  who  drovt:  the  A!- 
r:ohitdiS  out  of  Spain.  Tiiis  ylhm  I  ltd  fet- 
tled iiis  comt  at  /I mrria,  and  was  there 
killed,  and  ALibomrt  /llaf.rni ,  ]:is  (ucctlTor, 
rellor'd  ir  to  Gr.uiant!.  The  <  iiy  iiicreafed 
xvondcrliilly  •,  aiid  autiior;  aflirin  it  con- 
tainM  60010  houfes.  King  AV/V/r  erecled 
there  I'uch  lumjjtuous  and  maLmiflcent  llruc- 
tiires,  and  of  futh  protllgious  i  >rp?nce,  that 
his  hibjeds  pofuively  believed  he  had  the 
:iri  ot  makiu!^  gold.  There  wcr::  ten  fiic- 
cellors  from  him  to  Muley  y/Jf:n,  the  fithi  r 
onhtwJ:!-,  the  lalV  king.  '(.Innuiil.i  is  Hill 
one  of  the  greatell  eiiies  \n  S/ttin,  and  the 
plealintelt  in  liiminer,  by  rcilon  ot  the 
P'.nityof  the  air,  and  the  v.iii  number  of 
fountains  in  it.  Tlie  ALors  were  wont  to 
fiy,  that  paradife  was  in  the  part  of  hea- 
ven, which  is  over  this  tity. 

I  migiit  here  entertain  the  reader  with 
an  ample  account  of  the  manners,  i^overn- 
ment,  ft  iences,  language  an^l  rtligicja  of 
the  .V/-.,7.'j  in  yl;r':ca  ;  but  that  it  would  be 
too  long  a  digreirion  from  tiie  fuhjcft  in 
hand,  and  therefore  fl-i.ill  briefly  touch  fome - 
thing  of  thofe  particulars. 
AnhkV.  ^  'i^'"'-'  i''  T^  quertion,  but  that  the  language 
Utters.  of  the  Jr. lbs  is  one  of  the  bcautilulklt  and 
nK)lt:  ancient.  Their  letters  are  linked  to- 
g<iher  i  they  ufe  two  forts  of  punct.'.tion, 
and  ibmetimes  three  or  lour  letters  are 
ixadly  alike,  and  only  diftinguilhable  by 
thcfe  points  lit  over,  or  under  them.  Their 
alphabet  confifls  of  twenty-nine  letters,  tlio' 
the  I li\/rt'iv  has  but  twenty-two. 
Iwrnin'.  Of  thcfe  people,  fome  are  mt rchants  and 
tratiick,  others  proft  fs  literature,  an  i  par- 
tiailarly  philofophy,  phyfick,  allrology  an^i 
rnatheiuatii  ks.  I'hey  have  alio  gramma- 
rians, rhetoricians,  iiillorians,  and  interpre- 
ters of  the  AUoran.  This  is  what  renders 
tlie  /Irnbkk  langu.age  fo  highly  clleemed, 
t'fpecially  in  Aji.i,  where  thefe  fciences  are 
more  frequently  to  be  met  with  among 
the  .Irahi,  inhabiting  that  large  quarter  of 
till-  world,  than  among  thole  in  .Ifiha. 
They  have  h.id  eminent  men  in  all  thefe 
fciences.  yUm.'iiizor,  of  the  family  of  Brti 
Mas,  who  began  his  reign  in  the  year  of 
the //e.[ira  137,  and  of  Christ  777,  to 
the  (tudy  of  the  AIcoudi,  joined  tliat  of 
philofophy  and  allronomy.  The  dilif  .lu- 
chli,  who  bepan  his  reign  in  the  year  Si 5, 
fent  embalTadors  to  the  emperor  of  Co>t- 
ftantin^fle,  to  afk  of  him  books  of  all  fciences, 
whi(  h  he  caufed  to  be  tranllatcd  into  hii  y  wn 
Vol,  V. 


69 


language,  to  excite  his  fubjefts  to  the  love  Bar  dot. 
of  learning.  His  endeavours  were  not  vain ;  >^V^ 
for  during  his  reign  there  were  feveral  phi- 
lofophers  and  phyficians.  There  are  feve- 
ral Arnbutn  hiftorians,  who  own,  that  Ma- 
homet in  his  law  prohibited  the  ftudy  of  let- 
ters ;  but  that  the  cM'Almamon,  or  Maimon, 
encouraged  and  promoted  it,  on  account  of 
an  apparition  he  had  of  a  fpeilre,  in  the 
night-time,  in  the  ti)rm  and  fliape  of  Art- 
Jto/L;  which  advifed  him  to  the  ftudy  of 
philoloiihy.  He  afterwards  caufed  PloUmy'& 
A'.inay/j},  as  Sciiliger  informs  us,  to  be  tranf- 
la  led  into  his  own  language,  for  hisfubjedls 
to  iludy  altronomy.  This  good  inclina 
tion  to  literature  continued  long  after  in 
Jfika;  infomuch,  that  there  were  among 
thole  people  \cry  excellent  philofophers, 
as  A^^t:~el,  Alpiriibiiif,  Albiimazar,  Mciimo-Hiiiy 
;;;V/t'.t,  Alkcnd,  Albtifabar,  Abencina,  Avicenf'""- 
or  y!vicdf:iia,  A'.ff.igan,  Avcnocz,  &c.  They 
had  univerlities  at  CoHjlunliii.i,  Tunh,  Tri- Unherff 
j'oli,  I'iz  and  Morocco  ;  and  when  poflelTed  «"'• 
of  Spain,  as  has  been  mentioned  above, 
they  founded  a  college  at  Cordova  :  and  in 
Mant:ul\  time,  had  publick  fchools,  with 
multitudes  of  ftudents,  in  the  city  of  Tom- 
hut,  on  the  Si-nex^i  river,  as  will  be  farther 
obllrved  in  the  Supplement.  This  is  not 
a  proper  place  to  Ipeak  of  the  difcoveries 
they  li  ivc  math'  in  feveral  fciences,  and  how 
they  ii.irorUiccd  the  ulc  of  thofe  we  call 
cyphers  throughout  all  Europe.  It  will 
I'urlice  toobferve,  tlut  their  years  are  lun.tr, 
and  thi'  computation  of  time,  which  they 
call  llegirn,  being  initead  of  our  year  of 
Christ,  commences  from  I'riday  the  i6th 
of  July,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  022,  when 
Mahomet  fled  from  Mecca  ;  from  which 
time  not  only  the  Ar.ib>,  but  all  other  Mi- 
ioin  t.iii.',  reckon  their  years,  as  has  been 
already   obferved  tli'ewheie. 

The  Arabs  were  formerly  idolaters,  wor-^„„„, 
Hiipping  the  fun,  moon,  and  (tars,  and  even  a  a  s  (V»- 
trees  and  ferp  'nts.  They  alio  paid  a  par-'*""- 
tii'ul.ir  vencr.ition  to  the  court  ot  A'.cara  or 
Ap<(bi'd,  which  they  laid  was  built  by  Jf- 
mad,  lor  whom  they  have  a  fingular  re- 
I"pei5t,  as  alfo  for  his  mother  Ag^ar;  and 
therefore  are  pleated  to  be  called  Agaremam, 
or  Ii'inaclitc's.  It  is  believed,  that  the  three- 
wife  men,  who  came  out  of  the  eafl;  to  adore 
the  Ion  o!  God  at  his  biith,  were  the  firif 
apolHts  of  Arabiii  ;  where  Sujiidt:  after- 
wartls  preached  the  golpel  :  whii-h  was  lb 
w.  11  eltablilbed  in  the  third  century,  that 
a  council  was  held  agaiiill  the  bilhop  of 
BcryHtis,  and  another  againrt  the  hereticks 
called  Arbicki  ;  wherein  the  Araus  appear'd 
very  zealous  for  the  faith,  and  their  bilhcps 
alTilled  very  punftually  at  thole  councils, 
as  is  evident  by  their  names,  flill  extant  in 
their  fubfcriptions.  Maboir.ct,  who  was  alfo 
an  Arub,  perverted  thofe  fimplc  credulous 
T  people. 


i"i 


m 
<i>iii 


1 

imi 

ll 

fv 

i>  -    If, 

,   ' 

!i'«. 

1 

'. 
,'                1 

!   :, 

^  I 


.I'iHiy 


m 


■IMil 


mi 


'  t 


A  Defer ipt ion  of  the  Coafts 


St.l,  of 
Alibi. 


70 

BARiinr  people,  and  fo  entirely  charm'd  them  with 
4/VN*  the  plcvfure  of  his  chimerical  notions,  as 
wi'U  as  by  dint  of  arms  and  force,  that  they 
followed  him  with  a  moft  deplorable  llid- 
faftnefs.  After  the  death  of  that  famous 
impoftor,  they  took  upon  them  to  propa- 
gate his  fcifl.  Amidft  the  variety  of  expo- 
fuions  of  the  Alcoran  every  man  took  up- 
on him  to  make,  they  took  up  wiiii  tiiat 
of  Mel  lib  ;  tho'  there  be  fome  among  tlicm 
who  follo'v  thofe  o\  Oilman  and  Lejharu  as 
has  been  before  obfcrved.  The  Arahi  of 
Africa  have  formed  fixty  fefts,  all  diifcrin;; 
in  ojfinions  and  cuftorns.  However,  they 
all  agree  in  what  relates  to  Mabomet,  whom 
they  look  upon  as  the  greatell  of  pro- 
phets. 

They  have  had  feveral  princes,  called 
Cali/s,  who  eredtcd  to  themlclves  a  vaft 
empire  in  J/ia  and  Africa,  after  ALtbomei'^ 
dece.ife,  under  the  common  name  oi'  Sara- 
teiis.  I  have  already  hinted  how  they 
paffed  into  Africa,  and  poffenid  themfelves 
of  all  that  h  id  been  fubdued  by  the  Vamlah ; 
but  about  the  year  1 1 70,  one  Abdclcbir, 
who  had  render'd  himfelf  famous  by  an  hy- 
pocritical outward  fliow  of  piety,  revolted 
againrt  Cam  Adam,  Calif  of  Carvan ;  and 
chough  he  was  himfelf  killed,  before  he 
could  make  any  great  progrcfs,  yet  he  left 
two  fons,  one  of  wliich  became  king  of 
Bu^ia,  and  the  other  of  Tunis.  Thcfe  two 
brothers,  the  better  to  maintain  themfeivcs 
in  their  kingdoms,  became  tributaries  to 
the  Almoravidcs  ;  but  they  being  expelled 
by  tiie  Ainch-iiics,  Jofepb  Ahnanzor  pof- 
icITed  himfelf  of  t!ic  kingdom  of  Tumi, 
turning  out  the  fuccefTorsof  Abdelchir.  The 
power  of  the  Almobades  being  afterwards 
entirely  broken,  by  the  famous  battle  of 
N^ivas  dc  Tolofa,  in  Spain,  anno  12 12,  the 
//ra/>j  again  recover'd  the  kingdom  of  Tunis. 
I  have  already  mentioned  their  conquers  in 
S/jin,  and  how  they  were  again  expelled. 
The  Arabs  at  prefent  are  fubjecfl,  for  tiie 
moft  part,  .to  the  Turks  znd  Perfians,  or 
elfe  to  J  .irticular  princes  of  their  own  ; 
fome  of  which  laft  arc  alfo  tributary  to 
the  two  former. 
Ari-Hs »'»  Befides  the  Arabs  here  mentioned,  now 
the  t*ji.  inhabiting  the  northern  and  weftern  parrs 
of  Africa,  and  the  defarts  of  L\,biii,  as  far 
as  the  frontiers  of  the  Blacks,  there  are  fe- 
veral tribes,  or  hoards,  of  the  fame  nation, 
who  have  been  for  feveral  ages  fettled  m 
all  parts  of  Egypt,  and  along  the  coafl  of 
Africa,  next  the  Red-Sea,  called  Ahen  and 
Aian  ■,  and  on  towards  the  eafl  and  fouih- 
eaft,  in  the  countries  of  Zanguebar,  Mozum- 
kpa,  Sofila,  &c.  of  whom  Marmot  gives 
a  particular  account.  The  fame  author, 
lib.  1.  cap.  24.  fpeaking  of  the  ancient  y^/-r//'i 
of  Africa,  fays,  they  are  defcendcd  from 
Ifmael  and  Efau,  the  progenitors  of  all  the 


Book  I. 


Ar.ibs,  cither  in  Afia  or  Africa.  The  firft 
were  called  Aj^arcniaiis,  from  Agjr  or  Hagar, 
mother  to  Ifmufl,  and  Abraham's  concubine  i 
the  latter  carefully  dilHnguilhed  themfelves 
from  the  others,  by  the  name  of  Saracens^ 
from  Sarah.,  Abnibam'a  lawful  wife,  and 
grand-mother  to  Efiu,  as  being  the  line  of 
the  free-woman  ;  whereas  they  reckon  the 
Ifm.ielUes  the  defcent  of  the  bond-woman, 
to  ufe  St.  Paul's  exprefTion,  Gat.  iv.  Mar- 
mot farther  ailds,  that  thefe  Arabs,  accord- 
ing to  the  molt  renowned  African  hirtorians, 
were  the  very  iirll  inhabitants  of  Barbary 
and  Niimidid.  Afterwards  Melee  Ifriqui, 
a  king  of  Arabia  helix,  came  into  Ajrica 
with  five  tribes  of  thcfe  Arabs,  then  fur- 
named  Sabcans,  viz.  the  Zinhngiaiis,  the  Mii- 
camudins,  the  Zenetci,  the  GomerSy  and  the 
Uoares  \  from  all  whom  are  defcended  fix 
hundred  races  of  Bereberes,  or  Barbarians ; 
and  the  greatelt  families  in  Africa  deduce 
their  pedigrees  from  them.  The  Comers, 
it  is  likely  were  deftended  from  Gomer,  the 
fon  of  fajhcth,  the  Ion  of  Noah  ;  and  from 
them  Ibine  mountains  in  the  empire  of 
McrOiCo,  had  the  name  of  Gomere  i  and 
perhaps  Gomera,  one  of  the  Canary  iilands, 
oppofite  to  it,  might  have  the  fame  original. 

The  Sabean  Aiahs,  at  firft,  fettled  in  theSabcini.' 
caflern  parts  of  Barbary,  whence  they  af- 
terwards fpreid,  and  fubdued  the  beft  of 
tlficii.  The  name  of  Brrcberes  was  given 
them,  from  their  firft  lettlement  in  Bar- 
bary ;  whereas  thofe  that  were  Ijefore  in  Nu- 
miiiia,  7in^iiana,  and  l.ybia,  are  called  Chi- 
tobes,  or  Xilcbcs.  When  thcfe  people  fell 
at  variance  among  themfelves,  the  con- 
querors becoming  mafters  of  the  field  and 
cattle,  obliged  the  vanquiflied  to  fly  for 
fafety  to  the  mountains  or  into  populous 
cities;  where,  intermixing  with  the  othir 
Africans,  they  came  at  laft,  like  them,  to 
live  in  houles,  and  to  be  under  the  lame 
fubjeftion.  Therefore  thofe  who  live  in 
tents,  like  their  countrymen  m  Arabia,  arc 
reckoned  the  noblcis  being  alio  more  power- 
ful, and  richer  in  cattle  •,  yet  both  keep  to 
their  own  race,  and  poftefs  the  ftrongeft 
places  in  Biirbiiry,  Numidia,  and  Lyhia. 
We  read  that  Abraham  traveli'd  about,  with 
his  family  and  cattle,  and  liv'd  in  tents,  as 
thefe  Arabs  do,  GV;;.  xiii.  and  fo  did  his 
nephew  Lot.  \:.\d\  wandering  company  of 
Arabs  chul',5  a  captain,  whole  tent,  hutt, 
or  barack,  as  they  call  it,  ftands  in  the 
middle  of  the  Adouar,  or  village,  where 
he  takes  care  of  all  things  which  concern 
their  welf.;re.  7"he  men  lie  on  the  bare 
ground,  among  liieir  cattle.  Their  baracks 
are  like  pavillions,  fupported  by  two  great 
poles,  the  iloor  made  of  branches  of  trees. 
Thus  we  Ice  the  word  Barack,  made  ufe  of  Baricfc. 
by  all  Europeans  to  fignify  a  hutt,  is  dc- ^^*''''^^'' 
rived  from  the  Arabs, 

Monfieur 


Chap.^.  e/Nigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


71 


Arabs  <• 
Moroccd 


In  fei. 
Ill  Sub. 


Monleur  <?e  St.  Olon,  in  his  embafly  to 
the  emperor  of  Morocco,  in  the  year  1693, 
obfcrvcs,  that  in  the  plains  of  the  kingdom 
or'  Alorocco,  tiiere  were  tlirn  attiially  rec- 
koned to  bo  thin/  thoufand  lottagos  of 
Ainb>,  containing  one  hundred  liioufand 
nun,  paying  the  Garamma,  which  is  a  yearly 
tribute  to  the  emperor,  or  the  tenth  of  II 
they  poflcfs ;  and  are  liable  to  it  from  fifteen 
years  ot  age.  They  live  in  the  eaftern  part 
of  the  kingdom,  and  are  diilinguiilied  into 
tliree  dilfcrcnt  races,  or  tribes  v  which  are, 
the  Ili'jfnns  ajid  Cara^i  /l>\>bs  to  ilie  north- 
ward, and  the  Menebbi  ylrahs  to  the  louth- 
ward  ;  befiljs  a  tribe,  or  iioard  ot  tlie  y/./- 
giti  lierehcrei  to  the  fouth-wcit  of  tiiem. 
In  the  kingdom  of  Fez,  the  Arabi  amount 
to  three  iiuntiri-d  thoufand  men,  thai  pay 
the  Giiramini.  In  that  of  Suz,  which  bor- 
ders on  the  Ibutli  and  'clt  parts  o\ Morocco, 
there  were  then  fifteen  thouf.ind  /IJcu.irs, 
making  up  fifty  tl.ouland  brave  men,  whom 
the  prcient  emperjr  hns  not  yet  been  able 
entirely  to  fubdue.  The  lame  author  adds, 
that  all  the  //rabs  and  Birebca  hibjeft  to 
the  emperor  of  .Morocco,  when  they  lie  in 
the  way  where  his  army  marches,  are  ob- 
liged to  fuppiy  it  gralu  witii  all  (brti;  of 
provifions  ;  as  wheat,  barley,  me.d,  butter, 
oil,  honey  and  cattel,  inider  pain  of  iiaving 
all  they  poIK-fs  plundered,  and  being  them- 
f'.'lves  cut  in  pieces. 
tmpmr  ef  T''**  pre'lent  emperor  of  Morocco  is  Mtd^y 
Morocco.  /,mrtt'/,  who  calls  himlelf  great  Ch,yi'i,\  that 
is,  firfl:  and  moll  potmt  oi'  AJa/xm.i'a  fuc- 
ctflbrs ;  and  boalts  himfelf  to  be  difcendcd 
from  him  by  Ali  and  Fatima,  fon-in-law 
and  daughter  to  that  f.dle  propiiet,  and 
takes  more  pride  in  tliat  kindred,  than  in 
the  antiquity  of  the  crown  in  Lis  family  : 
which  fufficiently  proves,  that  his  predccif- 
fori ,  who  ftiled  themfelves  Miramamoltm, 
that  is,  emperors  of  the  faithful,  made  ufe 
of  the  colour  of  religion  to  etlablifli  their 
government.  The  people  there  have  fuch  ."X 
veneration  (or  tiiis  chamder  ot  Mualmoti- 
tniti,  or,  as  we  call  it,  M:ramamo!in,  and 
prince  of  the  tribe  of  the  llachrms,  as  this 
emperor  fliles  himfelf  in  all  his  letters  to 
chriflian  princes,  that  they  reckon  it  a  par- 
ticular honour,  and  no  lefs  adv.mt.igcous  to- 
wards their  going  direflly  to  their  paradife 
to  be  killed  by  his  hand,  without  any  rea- 
fon,  or  juflice.  This  not  only  here,  but 
throughout  all  the  TurkiJIj  dominions,  the 
fanatick  Mnjfidmain,  or  Mabomclans,  look 
upon  as  being  crowned  with  martyrdom. 
The  word  Cberife,  and  Xcrife,  another  title 
given  to  this  emperor,  imports  the  fame  in 
jirabtck  as  Xwfa,  which  fignifies  one  of 
the  race  of  Mahomet  ;  whence  it  is  they 
give  the  name  of  Xerifes,  or  Xcrfas,  to  all 
that  are  defcended  from  their  prophet ; 
whofc  family  is  the  mod  honoured  among 


them,  and  looked  upon  as  almofl  divine,  Barhot.' 
fiiys  Fjfconcclos,  in  the  Life  of  king  JobnW.  ""^VN/, 

of  Portut^iil. 

Monfieur  de  St.  Olon,  fpeaking  of  the  Treittf 
tr.ide  of  this  empire,  fays,  its  only  neigh- ^l'""'""'' 
bours  by  land  are  the  Blacks  on  the  one 
fide,  and  the  Algerines  on  the  other ;  the 
Moors  of  Af  rocco,  FcZ  and  'Tarudant  driving 
a  confiderable  trade  in  Guinea,  that  is  Ge- 
nehra,  which  is  very  advantageous  on  both 
fides.  The  Moors  for  fome  fait,  little  look- 
ing-glaffes,  and  toys,  carry  home  a  confi- 
derable quantity  ot  goKI-duft,  elephants- 
teeth,  and  numbers  of  Blacks.  This  em- 
peror of  Morocco  has  gained  fo  far  on  the 
affedions  of  thefe  Blacks,  by  the  good  ufage 
he  affords  them,  and  by  preferring  them  to 
be  about  his  perfon,  in  the  quality  of 
guards,  that  they  look  upon  themfelves  as 
his  true  fubjeds.  The  emperor  of  Morocco 
has  always  fevcn  or  eight  thoufand  of  thefe 
Backs,  as  well  horfe  as  foot,  reckoned 
the  bed  of  his  foldiers,  and  in  all  engage- 
ments they  are  the  next  about  his  perlon. 
Befi(ies,  he  gives  the  bcft  governments  and 
chiif  commands  in  his  army  to  fuch  of  them 
as  fij.;nalize  themfelves.     They  are  not  only  , 

his  confidants,  but  etitrufled  with  the  exe- 
cution of  his  orders  ;  which  they  p::rform 
in  fuch  a  haughty  and  arbitrary  manner, 
that  the  very  Jet  Jes  tremble  at  the  fight 
of  the  mean-.fl  of  ihem.  Tie  emperor 
conltinfly  raifes  recruits  of  thefe  Blacks, 
cither  by  way  of  purchali:,  or  orh  r  means, 
and  marrying  and  employing  them,  by 
which  means  he  has  a  fore  of  nurfcry,  or 
breed  of  them,  to  ferve  in  time  of  need, 
Tliis  author's  account  fhews  what  correfpon- 
dence  there  is  at  prefenc  between  the  Moon 
and  Arabs  of  Morocco,  and  the  people  of 
Nigniia. 

I  Ih.ill  conclude  this  chapter  with  a  gene- r,//;,,,/. 
ral  obfervation  of  a  pradice  univerfal  a- 
mong  moft  Mahometans,  but  more  efpe- 
cially  the  African  Moors,  relating  to  their 
being  ju(l  and  true  to  their  words.  The  li- 
berty of  lying  and  retrafting  whatfoever 
they  fay,  is  io  thoroughly  eftablifhed  a- 
mong  them,  that  they  rather  look  upon  it 
as  a  virtue  than  a  fault.  One  of  their  A/<j- 
rabouts  being  once  told  of  it,  by  a  chriflian 
of  note,  as  a  thing  very  furprifing  to  him, 
did  not  hefitate  to  anfwer,  that  they  made 
this  one  of  the  dillinftive  marks  between 
their  religion  and  chriftianity ;  and  were  fully 
perfuadod  they  fhould  foon  be  like  us,  (laves 
to  falfe  dodrine  and  idolatry,  fliould  they, 
like  us,  think  themfelves  obliged  to  keep 
their  words. 

Tiius  have  I  endeavoured,  in  this  chapr 
ter,  though  it  may  look  like  a  digrefllon, 
which  yet  cannot  out  be  entertaining  to  the 
reader,  to  give  a  fhort,  but  I  hope  fatif- 
fadory  account,    frgm  the  moft  reputable 

authors. 


f  r 

I .  .1:1!  _ 

I  :      !     "I     I    •' 


■f  '''f  i,l      '• 


^  Mi 


*i 


'1.1 


m-i 


r- 


A  Defcription  of  the  Coafts 


Book  L 


Bmu.vt  author-;,  of  the  rife  atiil  prognls  ot  tlu;  Mi- 
t/'VNJ/<;w7r7i;  religion,  in  ll-vcr.ii  (i.iits  of  tlie 
world,  anil  more  pariKularly  in  yljr'ua  1  as 
alio  a  brief  narrative  of  the  firlf  loniing  c)f 
tl  //'■.(/"  into  that  part  ot  the  worlil : 
v.hicii  may  ferve  to  iliulhatc  wlut  I  have 
faiJ  of  th.iii  already,  and  am  to  aiiil  in  the 
hij'pjenunt.  J'i-.is,  I  am  of  opinion,  lew  or 
none  of  the  many  Euroji-dHJ  trading  U) 
Giiiiu-.i  and  tiic  coalh  of  A'hjm/.'./,  have  ever 
f;iven  thcnilelvcs  the  trouble  to  i  n(]iiire  into  ; 
and  yet  I  look  upon  it  as  ulifiil  .ind  nueel- 
f.iry,  tor  tlu' better  uiulerllaniiing  nl  the  con- 
ftitution,    governincnt,    ciilloms,    manners 


and  religion  of  the  many  fevpral  nations  in- 
habiting thole  part'i  ■,  lor  by  this  means  tiic 
millakes  many  ot  tiuiii  conceive  and  incul- 
cate into  others  (oncerning  the  atVairs  of 
thole  jK-ople,  for  want  of  true  information, 
will  be  removed;  many  travellers  forming 
to  themlelves  molt  abfurd  notions  of  tilings 
when  they  fee  orhc.Mot  fuch  as  they  never 
n-.et  with  in  their  iutl\e  countries  :  for  I  am 
apt  to  believe,  there  are  too  many,  who, 
according  to  the  ■I'iiri:i//j  jiroverb,  think 
the  wnrld  is  e\cry  where  liUe  their  father's 
lioiilc. 


C  H  A  P.     VU. 

'Defcription  of  the  river  Gambia,  or  flamboa ;  Manilinga  to-j.n  ;  fca-horfes ; 
crocodiles  or  alligators.  James  j  illatul  -,  prodttU^  Ocajfs  and  birds  -,  the  na- 
tives^ their  cloathingt  hoiijcs^  food^  and  trade:,  their  government ^  religion. 
JbrccrerSy  iScc. 


Xjwij  of 
i>'i  Gy.a- 
b,i. 


Gambia  RivrR,  t!ic    kingd(i;n 

BY  Miirmol, caIledG(j;;;ic/- and Giimha, is 
well  known  to  proceed  from  the  A;^ir,     ' 
where  it  divides  it  felt  into  two  branches ; 
that  wliich  runs  to  the  north-well,   is  called 
^''''>:J',  as  has  been  belore  oblerved.     'Die 
oilier,  wliofe  courfe  is  Ibuth-well,  bears  the 
name  of  Gamlu,   or  Gamloa.     The  I'rj-. 
tuj^ihy  call  it  Rw-Graihk,  that  is,  the  great 
river,    and  G'^m/vj  •,    the  F/auv,  Gamlic- ; 
;ind  the  AW(v,   G.imlii.     Both  thele  rivers 
running  down  from   the  place  win  re   they 
pirt  to    the  Ocean,  with   it    form  a    large 
Itlind,   of  all  tlic  Uominions  lying  betweln 
them,  mentioiud  at  the  begii'iniiig  of  this 
<ielcri|)tion.     l';ij?oi:u-!os,  author  ot  the  I.ile 
of  king  JrA'ii  li.  of  Portugal,    in  his  4tli 
book  fays,   he  takes  the  Sia^hiris  of  PlcLiin 
to  be  this  r-  er  of  G.wib'ta,  and  that  of  Du- 
f.i>.[zo  to  be  the  Senega.     He  adds,  that  Jo/.n 
(/,•  B.u-rrs,  who  writ   before  him,    affirms, 
that  both  tliife   rivers   proceed    from    the 
Niger,    the  fource  whereof  is  in  the   lake 
l.uy.i,  aiid  at  Chemlides  Naba  and  Rin^o  ; 
hue  that    the  inh.ibitants   fancy    it  I'prings 
from  the  NUe,    tlio'  without  any  ground. 
The   Portugucfe  having    long   known  that 
country,    adds    that  author,    have    found, 
that  the  river  Gamhii,  running  through  the 
province  of  ,1/.;,7,//;;grt,  and  by  the  way,  re- 
reiving  into  it  the  waters  of  fevcra!  rivers, 
which  run  through  that  country,  conveys 
them  all  into  the  ocean,  as  well  as  iti  own, 
in  the  latitude  of  feventeen  degrees  and  a 
half.     The  Sniega,  known  by  more  names, 
tho'  its  run   be   ihorter,    and  almolf  in  a 
Ar.ut  line  from  eaff  to  we(f,  fills  into  the 
fea  in  about  fifteen  degrees  and  a  half  of 
north   latitude,    after  taking   in  the  river 
Gf«!i,  or  Gaiebon,  which  mull  be  the  river 
ot  St.  Jonii,  running  norciiward  up  a-crofs 


of    Geiido.T,    Geneva,    Sic. 


whence  the  Porliigueje,  lays  the  lame  writer, 
lave  given  the  name  of  Guinea,  w  ith  iitlic 
variation,  to  this  part  i)(  Nigritia. 

The  true  pofuion  of  the  mouth  of  thr;M  Uii. 
Giivd'in  is  at  thirteen  degrees,    thirty  two""'"""' 
minutes  of  north  latitude;    and  three  de- ''"'^"*'''- 
grees    twelve  minutes  latitude,    from   the 
meridian  of  '■tevcrife  ;  whicli  mouth  is  three 
miles  over,  and  fix  or  feven  fathom  deep, 
the  ground  muddy.     At  fome  diflance  to 
the  wtllward  arc  the  tlioals,    by   the  Por- 
li/7!,eje  called  Btii.ws  ile  Gibaiulor.    This  river 
is  very  navigable  as  fir  up  as   Dobbo  and 
Arfebd,  whiJi  in  a  dirift  line  down  to  cape 
Hi.  M,ir,;  the  fouth  fide  of  the  rivt  r's  mocth, 
is  eighty  Kugli/b  leagues  by  land,  but  much 
mure  along  the    winding  channel   of  the 
Gam! -a.     The  depth  of  water  in  the  Hial-^j^^^, 
lowelf  part  of  the  river,    near   the  Ifiand,/,^/K 
Jcrcii.ire,  to  iliC  (outhward  of  DuZ/'o  above- 
mentioned,     is  three   fithom,    unlefs   near 
li)mc  rocks,    a  lew  leagues  below  J  en  mire 
Ill.uid,  where  there  is  but  nine  font  water. 

The  farther  part  of  this  river,  above 
ylrfel'il,  is  not  much  frequented;  and  little 
can  be  laid  of  it,  that  1  could  hear.  Ac- 
cording to  a  very  modern  author,  we  know 
nothing  of  ir  any  farther  up,  than  to  the 
eightii  degree  ft  the  wefl  longitude,  from 
the  meridian  of  l.otiiimi,  and  not  much 
above  the  town  o\'  Mandinga,  where  there [^jj|,^,||j 
are  rich  gold  mines.  That  town  is  feated  jjwn 
in  the  province  of  Cantorji,  of  the  king- 
dom of  Mand-.r.ga,  and  about  fixteen  leagues 
up  the  inland  from  the  river. 

On  the  north  fide  of  the  mouth  oi  the  rem stni 
Gambia  runs  out  a  long    low  point,    al-**''- 
moft  imperceptible,    as    you    come    froin 
fea   in   hazy   we.ither.     The  land  on   the 
fouth-fidc   is  much  higher,    and  covered 

with 


Chap 

w 

A 
t! 
w 
w 

Ihn  IS 
(leir  up  it    yv 

be 
ill 
br 

.ill 
ha 
lar 
till 

lat 

■dh 

th( 

fi.l, 

for 

pall 

ille 

kee 

roil 

are 

it  c( 

thu< 

J'on 

lyin, 

Sihile  and      ^ 
July.  thrc: 

niiil 
ftani 
they 
ticu'l 
both 
to  tf 
anch 
T 
oceai 
ings, 
and  I 

Til  than-  clian 
'"•/,  lUe,     i<;   \\ 

*-••••  tlie 

torre 
c.irrie 
eight 
tide  f 
a  gre; 
the  p 
up  t\ 
both 
lets, 
nel  a  I 
and  .1 
fmall 
It 
night 
calms 
a  fre.'h 
that   ii 
carries 
ijUnJi.      'J'here 
(l()i.' 
Vol 


Chap.  7. 


of  Nigriria,  or  North-Guinea. 


7? 


Utn  If 
fletr  up  it 


two  ""'' "":'     1 

J  ,    hngiluJr.        1 

duly. 

the               mi 

luee                  H 

lei'p,                 H 

0  to                  ^W 

Por-             .     Wi 

river                  Bi 

and                  H 

)i:th,                   i 

luch                   1 

till  rhan- 
nil.  tide, 
i.e. 

ovc- 

iic.ir 

mirr 

?r. 

)uvr 

ittle 

Ac- 

now 

the 

rom 

luch 

hfC  Man^insi. 

ateiirjwn 

ing- 

JUfS 

the  Points  ini 

al-*-"-- 

-om 

the 

Ij'.i'iji. 

;red 

/ith 

w'.th  tRT%  ftretdiiii}^  out  ncnh-c.-.H  and 
ioutii-wilh  Thcfi-  is  a  Ibrt  of  bar  a- 
tliwart  tlu'  mouth,  having  tour  lathom 
wat;T  at  tlic  lowed  tides,  and  lying  north- 
wed  an<l  Ibutli  edit. 

To  lleer  a  right  eourfe  into  this  river, 
when  liie  entrance  appears  open,  you  muft 
luar  for  the  point  called  Poiila  da  liarra, 
ill  five  or  fix  fathom  water,  til!  you  have 
brought  the  fiid  point  to  bear  fouth-ealf, 
and  then  tome  to  an  anchor,  if  the  wind 
hai)pcn5  to  be  leant  i  but  if  the  wind  is 
large,  hold  on  that  eourfe,  always  Ibuniiing, 
tiJl  you  tome  into  foar  and  a  half,  or  five 
f.ithom  water,  keeping  the  aforefaitl  point 
always  at  Ibuth-eafl,  and  the  other  point  by 
the  /'Viv;,/)  called  Bayomtc,  on  the  oppfite 
fijc  at  foiuh  by  call.  Then  tatk  and  ilier 
for  the  laid  point  of  Bayonne ;  and  being 
pall  two  leagues  beyond  it,  keep  in  the  mid- 
tile  channel  of  the  river,  whi(  h  eourfe  will 
keep  you  clear  of  the  muddy  bank,  lying 
round  the  l/le  of  Dogs,  where  fome  fliips 
are  Ruck,  when  they  leaft  think  of  it,  and 
it  tofts  much  trouble  to  get  them  off.  And 
thus  will  you  conv  ro  anchor  fafe  before 
I'ort-J, lines,  on  tlic  little  James's  ifland, 
lying  about  ten  leagues  up  the  river. 

All  fliips  entering  this  river  ufe  to  fire 
three  guns,  by  wayof  falute,  to  a  very  tall 
ami  thick  tiee,  which  ferves  inltead  of  a 
ftandard  for  the  king  of  Mar,  and  the  fame 
they  do  at  going  out,  which  is  more  par- 
ticularly obfervcd  by  the  Evg^l'Jfj  ;  and  at 
both  thole  times  they  pay  one  bar  of  iron 
to  the  king,  or  his  officer,  for  the  duty  of 
anchorage. 

This  river  in  its  way  from  Can.'ory  to  the 
ocean,  has  many  great  turnings  and  wind- 
ings, but  more  particularly  from  Cantor, 
ani!  is  much  deejX'r  than  the  Senega,  and  the 
channel  more  fpacious.  The  tide  or  current 
is  v>  ry  rapid,  tho'  not  fo  much  as  that  of 
the  Senega,  and  being  inercifed  by  many 
torrents  and  fniall  rivers  falling  into  it, 
carries  fucli  a  frcfli  into  tiie  ki,  as  is  vifible 
eight  or  ten  lca!';ues  from  the  fliore.  The 
tiiie  flows  up  as  far  as  Baira  Conda,  being 
a  great  length,  where  dreadful  falls  obftruft 
the  pallage  oi  fliips,  but  floops  may  run 
up  two  hundred  leagues.  The  banks  on 
both  fide,  are  low,  anil  cut  with  many  rivu- 
lets, w  Inch  the  Hood  runs  into.  The  chan- 
nel about  the  creek  of  Jagre  is  from  four 
and  a  iialt  to  five  fathom  deep,  near  four 
fmall  iflan;!s  oppofite  to  it. 

It  is  much  eafier  to  fail  up  the  river  by 
ni^^ht  than  by  day,  becaufe  there  areufually 
calms  all  the  ilay,  and  towards  the  evening 
a  frelh  gale  generally  rifes.  From  the  ifland 
that  is  under  Afanjaj^ar,  the  tide  of  Hood 
carries  up  the  river  without  any  danger. 
There  are  many  iflands  in  it.  That  of 
(k>;vS  above-mcniioned,  is  fo  clofe  to  one 
\oi..  V. 


fi'if,  that  the  palfage  can  cafily  be  fotvled.  R\'<i")T. 
Were  it  not  for  that,  it  woulf  be  a  very  {^\'\i 
fit  place  to  fettle  a  ficlory,  as  the  I'nitcL 
did  once,  and  the  Courlanders  before  them  ; 
but  they  had  all  their  throats  cut  by  the  trea- 
cherous natives  thereabouts,  fo  that  it  has 
been  ever  fince  abandoned  by  all  /-.Kro/eans, 
I  think  the  L'igli//j  call  this  Chailei'^  ifland. 

Mere  arc  abundance  ot  llipfopotami,  or  «;-.„. 
river-horles,  lying  in  the  tiiiall  rivers,  wliith  Aor/fi 
fall  in  about  the  mouth  of  the  Gambia  , 
efpccjplly  in  that  of  Glnmbit,  joining  with 
\.\\.\\.^i  Savgedr^ou,  by  means  ot  the  B>evet. 
This  animal  is  bigger  than  a  common  ox, 
and  fliaped  like  a  horfc  ;  has  a  \(.ry  large 
head,  the  legs,  feet  and  tail  very  fhort,  tb 
that  it  rather  feems  to  creep  than  walk,  the 
fkin  is  hard  and  without  hair.  'I'hey  gene- 
rally keep  in  Iwampy  and  woody  places,  as 
the  cattle  do,  and  when  in  the  river  fwim 
holding  up  their  fnout  above  the  water, 
which  aflbrds  the  Blacks  the  conveniency  of 
fliooting  them  in  the  neck,  as  they  ufually 
do,  for  the  fake  of  their  (kins  and  teeth. 
The  fkins  are  thicker  than  thofe  of  any 
other  animal,  and  faid  to  be  good  againrt 
the  loofenefs  and  bloody-flux.  The  teeth 
or  great  tufks,  which  are  but  two,  ferve  for 
the  fame  ufes  as  the  elephants,  being  bet- 
ter in  one  refpeft,  which  is,  that  the  ivory 
of  them  keeps  always  white  ;  befidcs,  they 
are  faid  to  have  a  phyfical  virtue  to  flop 
bleeding,  and  cure  the  hemorrhoids,  as  has 
been  found  by  experience.  Thefe  rivcrdiorfes 
live  on  the  land,  as  well  as  in  the  water,  go- 
ing out  of  it  to  feed,  ruining  the  fields  of 
rice  and  millet,  becaufe  they  fpoil  more 
than  they  cat.  They  are  apt  to  overturn 
the  canoes  of  the  Blads,  but  ilo  not  hurt 
the  men. 

Here  are  alfo  crocodiles  or  alligators  of Creccdilii, 
thirty  foot  in  length,  and  a  proportionable 
thicknefs  ;  which  devour  men  and  bealts  at 
one  mouth-full,  and  whole  bullocks  have 
been  found  in  the  bellies  of  tome  of  them. 
Their  tail  is  as  long  as  all  the  refl  of  their 
body,  and  their  fkin  fo  hard,  that  a  mutket- 
bullet  will  not  enter  it.  Some  of  thefe 
monfters  live  on  filli,  others  on  flefh,  and 
the  better  to  catch  any  creature,  they  keep 
clofe  in  fuch  places  as  are  frequented,  and 
when  near  enough  to  a  man,  or  beaft,  ftrike 
it  with  their  tail,  and  fo  devour  it.  Only 
the  upper  jaw  of  them  moves,  the  lower 
being  fixM,  but  out  of  the  water  can  do  lit- 
tle liann.  They  lay  their  eggs  on  the  (horc, 
covering  them  with  fand,  which  as  foon  as 
hatched  the  young  ones  run  into  the  water. 
The  Blacks  kill  them  to  eat.  Some  French 
commentators  on  the  forty-firft  chapter  of 
Job  are  of  opinion,  that  the  Leviathan  fo 
elegantly  defcribed  there,  may  as  well  be 
the  crocotlile,  as  any  other  fea-monfterj 
becaufe  it  is  covered  with  very  hard  fcales, 
U  very 


>B 


74 


A  Defer ipt ion  of  the  Coiijh  Book  I. 


Tf  «i»  in 


\n 


BinnoT.  very  rlofcknit  togctl)cr.  BiTiJis  tlii' .7r./'j 
'^'V^  to  thi'>  liay  (..ill  tlu-  crocodile-  bv  the  luiinc  ot 
L,.ii\ih  i  .itu!  livoral  tliiiv^s  Tiiil  hy  "Juh  m 
tlut  pl.icc  cinnnt  proi>crly  he  .ijiplyM  to 
any  other  crcnurc  but  the  crocoiiiL'.  The 
rav,iges  inhahitini;  the  country  about  the 
i;reat  river  Mijrjin  in  Noilh-Jmnua,  being 
Dtkn  expolei-l  to  iniich  liangcr  in  navigating 
tliai  river  in  their  I'niall  light  canoes  niaile 
ol  the  barkof  the  bircii-iicc,  iiy  rcafon  of 
the  great  multiimle  of  vail  big  crocodiles 
there  are,  elpecially  towards  tiu'  mouth  ot 
it,  which  do  not  only  look  dreadful,  but 
will  attack  thcni  as  they  lail  along;  take  all 
pollible  care  to  avoid  them  by  day,  and 
in  the  night  keep  conflanily  a  great  light 
to  bight  thole  creatures,  who  dreail  no- 
thing lb  much  as  fire.  Thus  much  may 
ferve  tor  a  caution  to  all  travellers  in 
this  river,  or  any  other  where  there  arc  cro- 
coililes. 

The  trade  of  this  river  is  very  cotifidcra- 
ble  :  the  I'riiicb,  Kiiglifi,  Dii/tb,  anil  Por- 
tugiieje  Iwving  had  levcral  fac'tories  in  the 
country  about  it,  and  paid  yearly  tribute 
to  the  kings  of  the  countries  it  runs  through, 
particularly  the  latter  nation  •,  no  pcrlbn 
whatfocver  being  allowM  to  traffick  there 
till  the  cuftoms  arc  paid,  and  thofe  arc 
higher  or  lower  according  to  the  nature  of 
the  trade,  or  of  the  fettlement  made  in  the 
country-,  befides  many  prcfents  t'-n  nuifl 
be  given  to  the  kings  when  th*"  ;  to 

vifit  the  fadors,  which  cannot  .yr'd 

the'  fometimes  they  amount  to  .  ._era- 

ble  value  \  thofe  black  kings  being  very  free 
and  importunate  in  afking  whatfo;ver  they 
fancy,  as  has  been  before  f.iid  of  thofe  about 
the  Senf/ia. 

The  Duttb  and  Portti^uefe  have  atprefent 
little  or  no  trade  there,  neitiier  is  that  of  the 
French  or  Fngli/h  (b  confiderable  as  it  was 
formerly  -,  thefc  Etirojcan  nations  having, 
during  this  la(l  century,  as  they  happen'd  to 
be  at  war,  deilroy'd  one  another's  fettlc- 
mcnts,  or  interrupted  the  trade  in  fliip?  or 
floops,  as  either  ol  them  chanced  to  have 
the  upper  hand.  It  would  be  too  tedious  to 
run  tliro'  all  thofe  feveral  changes  and  revo- 
lutions 4  1  fliall  here  only  take  notice  of 
the  En^l'ijh  littlement  on  the  fmall  rock  or 
ifland  of  Jama,  which  lies  in  the  midft  of 
the  channel  of  the  river,  oppofite  to  the 
town  of  Gilofre. 

This  ifland  is  but  about  a  quarter  of  a 
league  in  compafs,  being  a  fort  of  gravelly 
rock  a  little  above  water.  Commodore 
Holmes.,  in  his  expeditions,  <;««.  i('64,ag;iinrt 
the  Dutch  fetilements  in  north  and  fouth 
Guinea^  founded  Forl-Jumcs  for  the  principal 
feat  of  the  £«^////./ commerce,  and  to  lecure 
their  new  conqiiefts  over  the  HolLiiiciers 
on  tills  coaft.  This  fori  is  a  c]uadrangle 
or  fquare,    built  with  lime  and  tlone,  and 

2 


F.nglifti 
triHe, 


Tett 
James. 


h.is  tour  baftions,  lined  with  good  brick- 
work-,  and  in  the  outworks,  thiec,  as  ir 
Were,  reiloubts  in  the  lot  in  of  lumelhoes, 
with  b.itteries  .ilopg  the  p.ilifulofs  from  one 
to  another  i  and  within  the  fort,  fpacious 
buildings,  llorehoufes,  maga^ilu-s,  .icilUrii 
for  fVedj  water,  a  puwderriKim,  and  fixty 
or  fevi-nty  j)i>  ces  of  cannon  mounted,  l)ifii!,  s 
lever, d  otlurs  difmounted.  But  thewoiil 
is,  that  tlu-  garril'in  is  obliged  to  fetch  all 
the  fewcl  and  liefli  water  from  the  m.iin 
land  on  both  lidesof  it.  The  fituation  of  it 
is  very  advaIlt.lg(-ou^,  and  there  wants  no- 
thing, but  that  till-  cidern  .ind  m.igazine 
for  iwiwder  fliould  be  liomb- proof,  aiul  to 
have  it  well  (lonil  with  ammunition,  pio 
vifions,  and  efpei  iaily  frtfh  wat(  r,  to  reiidei 
it  in  a  manner  impregnable,  if  wclKklemled 
by  a  lliii.ible  gairifon.  At  this  time  there 
are  giner.illy  in  it  I'lxty  or  feventy  white 
men,  and  near  as  many  Cn,mi-llois,  always 
in  tiie  comp.uiy's  pay.  Tiiis  is  the  next  bell 
fortification  to  f,'tf;>f(.'ff(i,'?f,'.7///£',  of  .ill  that  .ire 
tobefbund,  on  eiiherthenorihor  liiuthioalU 
of  G'«;«i'.i,  having  under  its  jurifdidion  feveral 
ladories  on  the  relpeetlve  branches  of  that 
river,  as  being  the  head  fettlement  of  the 
royal  /Ifnran  company  of  En^laUii,  and  the 
chief  m.iga'/.ine  for  trade,  managed  by  a 
governour  or  agent,  with  feveral  factors  un- 
der him.  One  of  thefe  fadories  is  at  (j/7o- 
frc,  on  the  north  fide  of  the  river,  oppo- 
fite to  the  fort. 

The  French  company  of  ^V)/^,^rt  haveano-  French 
ther  faftory  at  Alireda,  a  little  village  at/'"'''"A- 
fome  dirtance  weflerly   from  Cilofie,  both 
of  them  belonging  to  the  king  of  Bir,  and 
this  is  under  the  direction  ot  the  agent  at 
Goeree. 

The  fadors  of  the  EiigU/h  company  at 
J/imei-Fcrt,  and  thole  of  the  I'renJj  at  ,11- 
bredt  and  other  pl.ices,  drive  a  very  great 
trade  in  that  country,  all  along  the  river, 
in  brigantiiies,  floops,  and  canoes  ;  pur- 
chafing 

Elephant's  teeth  or  ivory,  CemimJi- 

Bees-wax,  ""  'v- 

Sl.ivcs,  f'""'- 

Pagnos  or  clouts. 

Hides, 

Gold,  6fc. 
In  exchange  for  which  they  give  the  Blacks 

Barsofiron,_  impmU 

Drapery  of  levcral  forts. 

Woollen  fb.ills  and  cloth, 

L.innenof  levcral  forts, 

Coral  anil  pearl. 

Brandy  or  rum  in  anchors. 

Firelocks, 

Powder,  ball,  and  fliot, 

Sleyfigcr  linnen, 

P.iinted  callicoes,  of  gay  colours. 

Shirts, 

Gilded  fwonis, 

Ordi- 


liili, 


K.enrh 
««./K,)g.   |,c 

all 

len 

BL 

Kv 

is  V 

the 

bee 

all 

£n^ 

hav 

thei 

that 

theii 

alw.i 

in  al 

fort, 

ne.ir 

veng 

peop 

1 

trade 

illani 

the  yi 

fpeak 

all  th 

all  m, 

and  il 

run  t 

fliips  i 


Dutch. 


I. 


)OK 


us 
rii 

ty 

!.s 
lit 
all 
.lin 
til 
no- 
lino 
It.. 
Ill) 
\iiri 
iili'J 
hi'ie 
hitf 
v.iys 
IkII 
ii.iie 

O.llli 

veral 

that 
r  the 
d  the 
by  a 
rs  un- 

Gi!o- 
oppo- 

■e  .inO-  French 

both 
and 
ni  at 

ny  at 

jn-at 

liver, 

pur- 

Comniii! 
lit'  «v- 
fartiJ. 


Chap.  7.        o/Nigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


Kifnrh 
lull. 


Dutch. 


Hacks 


Jmfortii. 


Porfu- 
guell-. 


Oiilinary  looking-glafles, 

Salt, 

Hat.s, 

RoMi  caps. 

All  Torts  and  fi/.nof  bugles, 

Yellow  amber, 

Uockcryllal, 

Brals  pans  and  kettles. 

Paper, 

Brafs  and  jiewter  rings,   fome  of  them 

gilt. 

Bracelets, 

Box  and  other  combs, 

Dutch  earthen  cans, 

Falfc  car-rings, 

Satalaes  ami  labres,  or  cutlaces. 

Small  iron  and  copper  kettles, 

Dutch  knives  call'd  Bojmanu 

Hooks, 

Brafs  trumpets, 

Bills, 

Needles, 

Thread  and  worded  of  fevcral  colours. 

The  Irench  having  an  inconfiderablc  trade 
here,  in  comparifon  of  die  £«^///7a  who  are 
alinoft  as  good  as  mailers  of  tiie  river,  they 
fend  all  they  can  get  in  exchange  from  the 
liLiAi  in  brigantines  to  Goiret;  where  they 
liave  their  chief  tort  and  magazines  i  for  it 
is  very  rare  they  have  any  ibips  coming  into 
the  river,  during  the  war  with  En^luiid, 
bccaufe  of  Fort-James,  which  commands 
all  the  river,  and  for  fear  of  meeting  the 
Eiiglijh  company's  (hips  :  bcfules,  that  they 
have  been  often  infulted  by  the  natives  in 
their  fidory  at  Albredu,  that  being  only  a 
thatch'd  houfe,  of  little  or  no  defence,  and 
their  goods  pillag'd  ;  the  king  of  Bur  h.iving 
always  been  more  favourable  to  the  Eiighflj, 
in  all  lik^liiiood  becuile  ihey  have  fo  good  a 
fort,  and  a  good  garrifon  in  Jiimei  iflaiid,  fo 
near  hiin,  anil  confequently  may  loon  re- 
venge any  wrong  otter'd  to  the  company's 
people  by  die  natives. 

The  Dutch  had  formerly  a  confiderable 
trade  at  Gambia  ;  but  lince  the  taking  of  the 
ifland  Goeree  from  them  by  the  French,  in 
tiie  year  1 6)i8,  (as  has  been  mentioned  above, 
fpeaking  of  the  river  Senega)  they  have  loft 
all  their  intercfl  in  tlicfe  parts  of  y^nVrt,  and 
all  manner  of  trade  whatloever  ;  unlcfs  now 
and  then  fome  interlopers  of  that  nation  will 
run  tiie  hazard  of  being  feiz'd,  and  their 
fliips  and  goods  confifcatcd  by  the  Englijh 
agent,  or  the  commanders  of  the  royal /?- 
fncan  company's  ihips  following  that  trade. 
As  tor  the  Poituguefe  trade  here,  they 
drive  it  tar  up,  by  crofs  rivers  from  Cachco 
to  Gambia  ;  very  few  of  their  rtiips  coming 
dircftly  to  the  great  river,  for  fear  of  being 
fei/'  t  by  the  Envlijh  and  French,  who  now 
claim  the  fole  privilege  of  trade  in  this  place, 
excluftvc  of  all  other  Ettrofcans.  Marmcl, 
a  S^amjh  author,    born  at  Granada,  who 


)rdi- 


7.<? 

lived  about  the  years  1580  and  1590,  be-BARiioi- 
lore  qiioteil  by  me,  and  whom  I  fliall  have  ^^V^^ 
hereafter  occafion  to  mention,  tranflated  in- 
to French  by  Nicboki  Perot  d' .tblancourt, 
and  publifh'dat  Para  in  1667,  givcsafuc- 
cinft  account  of  the  Portugueje  kttlements 
throughout  tliefe  countries,  as  follows. 

The  death  »(  Bemoy  (a  negro  king  in  Se-  Their  frji 
nega,  of  whom  fometning  has  been  laid  out  "f'"""  '» 
of  Marmot  in  the  firil  chapter  of  this  defciip  '^O'/""'. 
tion)  alter'd  the  defign  of  Don  John  king  of 
"ortuj^aly  with  the  concurrence  of  the  ill  fuc- 
cefs  ot  his  general  d'Aioiha  at  Senega  (men- 
tion'd  in  the  faid  firll  chapter;  but  not  his 
relblution  to  continue  the  difcovcry  of  the 
rivers  of  Senega  and  Gamboa.      I  lis  naval 
forces  ferv'd  to  cftabliih  his  reputation  a- 
niong  the  Blacks  in  thole  parts,  who  feeing 
fuch  a  n-mber  of  iliips  together,  well  tur- 
nitli'd  with  all  goods  and  neceflarics,  and  a 
good  nimibcr  of  Ibldiers  well  appointed, 
fpread  the  fame  thereof  all  over  the  neigh- 
bouring parts  of  Nigrilia,  which  made  thofe 
fovereigns  to  fuc  tor  the  friend/hip  and  aU 
iiance  of  fo  potent   and  magnanimous    a 
prince,  who ofrer'd  themhisafFillance  againft 
all  their  enemies  ;    and  they,  to  fecure  fuch 
an  auxiliiiry,  fent  him  emballlidors  with  pre- 
fents.     The  king  on  his  part  began  alfo  to 
intermeddle  in  their  afTairs,  and  take  fliare 
in  their  wars,  which  made  hiin   more  and 
more  known  and  rcfpeded  amon^  them. 
He  fent  embaifadors  to  the  kings  01  Tucurol 
and  Tombut,  as  well  as  to  thofe  of  M.indinga, 
who  were  potent  princes.     Tliefe  emballa- 
dors  repair'd  into  their  countries  by  the  way 
of  Cantor,  the  two  firft  kings  being  then  at 
war  with  the  king  of  the  F:i!oi,  who  hail 
railed  to  formidable  an  army  in  the  foiith 
parts  of  the  province  of  Fiira,  which  bonlers 
on  the  eaft  of  Alamiiiiga,  with  whicii  he  was 
marching  againfl  them,  that  they  pretended 
it  dried  up  rivulets.     The  king  ot  Portugal 
writ  alio  to  the  prince  of  the  MoJJ'es,  who 
made  war  on  Monimonfe  his  ally,  defiring 
him  to  ikfift  ;  as  alfo  to  Mahomet  Ben  Ma- 
nizigiicl,  grandibn  to  the  king  of  Sougo,  the 
capital  of  M.uidinga,   a  Mahometan,    who 
being  atlonilli'd  at  this  meirige,  faid,  that 
noneot  the  4404,    from  whom  he  was  de- 
fcended,  ever  had  that  honour  done  them  by 
a  chriftian  monarch,   and  that  till  then  he 
had  known  but  of  four  potent  princes,  which 
were  the  kings  <ji  Jlimaen,   of  Baldac,  of 
Cairo,  ixrid  of '■lucnrcl.   The  rcafon  the  king 
of  Portugal  had  for  behaving  himfelf  fo  obli- 
gingly towards  thefc  princes  of  JVifgn/w,  was, 
the  forwarding  of  the  difcovcries  he  was  fo  ear- 
neftly  bent  upon,  in  order  to  penetrate  iato 
the  inner  Ethiopia  from  this  fide  of  Africa, 
and  to  get  fuller  information  concerning  the 
emperor  of //i'jf^«;rt,  much  fpokenof  in  the 
year  1481,  by  fome  religious  perlons,  wFio 
came  from  thence  to  Rime,  andfo  into  Por- 
tugal. 


I  ■'  ; 


■'M 


■'     .1: 


16 


A  Defcript'ton  of  the  Coafls 


Book  I. 


Ihwiioi  /vjr,;/.  Kingyo'-"/  Ii^d  .ilfo  fint  him  an  em- 
^'^V^'  b.ilTulor  hy  lami,  wlio  touiul  a  very  f.ivoiir- 
abK-  reception  •,  l)ut  tli.u  fni()cror,  whole 
name  was  ,t!ex,viili',  being  ilcaii,  his  bro- 
ther who  fiKccrilcil  him,  took  no  great  no- 
ti-eol  the  nnballailur,  bur  on  the  contrary 
cletainM  and  woiilJ  not  jiermit  him  to  re- 
turn home.  This  emperor  alTo  dying,  his 
Ion  David  reignM  next,  and  king  jolm  lent 
him  another  cmbafly,  by  wiiich  means  lie 
gainM  farther  information  into  the  atVairs  ot 
/Ib.ffiiiia. 

'Jamei  ifland  being  but  a  fort  of  flat  rock, 
without  any  creeks  or  proper  places  for  c a 
reening  or  repairing  of  fhips  or  Hoops,  that 
is  perlorm'tl  three  leagues  up  Hloik  or  liin- 
/,w  river,  on  the  foiith  fidcof  0";/«iw,  over 
againU  liie  h)rt,  near  a  village  call'd  /i/o.i, 
the  refulenee  of  a  prince,  who  ftiles  iiimfelf 
t'm|)eror  oKiniiul  C.inlo,  and  is  always  at 
war  with  the  king  ot  HorjUlo  or  Bar.  The 
l-'rnrh  pretend  that  this  river  lilo(k  meets 
with  that  of  Combf,  whith  is  fomc  leagues 
to  tile  weftward  ol  it,  forming  a  fort  of 
ifland  where  they  join  i  ami  that  to  the  well- 
ward  of  that  again,  is  another  Imall  river, 
which  they  call  Rw  Rmcfi: 

The  village  of  B.tnftt  is  on  the  fame  river 
of  Bloik,  near  to  where  it  falls  into  the  (iam- 
boii,  and  tributary  to  the  king  or  emjK'ror 
of  Cantor. 

The  king  of  Riir  or  Borfah  refuies  fome  part 
ofthe  year  at  the  tow  n  or  village  of  Bar,  above 
fiid  to  be  on  the  north  point  of  the  river 
Gambit],  near  the  lofty  tree,  by  the  Porlu- 
^^ue/e  cMW  y/rvotr  il.i  Alarca,  or  the  land- 
mark tree,  which  fervcs  inlh  ad  of  a  flandard 
to  the  l:uio/c-aii  fliips  going  in  or  out  at  the 
fiid  river.  At  other  times  that  king  refides 
at  the  town  oWluiii-Bar,  feated  about  a 
mile  farther  up  the  land  in  a  wood.  From 
this  village  ot  Bar  to  the  eartwarii,  on  the 
banks  oi  the  Cuunloa,  arc  the  villages  of 
C,ri^n:i,  Bi'bacoulon,  and  Lams,  almoll  op- 
pofitc  to  the  ifle  of  dogs,  and  fomcwhat  to 
the  caltward  of  them  again  thofe  of  /Hbrala 
and  GH'.fir,  where  the  En^l Jh  and  French 
have  their  fadories,  and  the  Portngtiefc  a 
poor  little  church  at  tlic  latter. 

The  kingilom  of  Car,tor  extends  along  the 
fouth  file  of  the  Camboa,  including  with- 
in it  many  petty  kings  tributary  to  the  em 
peror. 

That  of /?«>/;/'>  is  on  the  north  fide,  but 
much  fmaller,  and  has  only  one  tributary 
jirince  call'il  //'0//0  IVolly. 

Both  thefe  kingdoins  are  populous,  anil 
have  large  towns  and  villages,  moll:  ol  them 
on  tl'.e  hanks  of  the  Gambon  to  the  eaft  ward  ; 
fonic  ofthe  rhiefclt  v/hcreof  are,  "Tankerval, 
twenty  five  leagues  up  the  G'.imboa  on  the 
ibuth  fide  •,  ■Taiiilaba,  a  very  large  one,  fomc- 
what higher  -,  'Jai^rr,  twelve  leagues  beyond 
tile  hilt,  on  a  Imall  river,  running  into  the 


Bariftt 


Bar. 


Tintor 


Corfilo 


Taxpns  a- 
long  the 
Uainboa 


Gambol,  and  remarkable  for  many  lku!l, 
ot  fea-horlcs,  made  tall  to  two  trees  1  yam- 
bray,  a  league  and  halt  aliovr  the  river  of 
J/ii(ri;  and  ojipofitc  to  an  iflaiul  in  thu  G.ua- 
boa  ;  Manfi^or  on  the  north  fiilc  ofthe  ri- 
ver, .ibout  a  little  leagur  trom  a  creel:,  on 
the  mouth  wlnreol  Hands  a  crofs,  ercc^Ld 
by  fome  Mnlai.'o  Portiigmle,  who  liveth-rc- 
abouts  in  great  poverty  i  'I'inila,  on  a  river 
that  runs  into  the  Ga'ul'o.!  at  ten  days  row- 
ing iii)in  a  tioat  liom  its  momh,  .uul  ^vll(  re 
the  heats  .ire  I'o  ixeelfHe,  th.it  tin  re  is  iki 
pollibility  ot  rowing,  excejit  only  in  the 
mornings  ,ind  evenings  {  yoli.'i  fonu  wli.u  a- 
bove  •I'liiiLi ;  and  Miuukl-a  /•,  fix  days  |oiir- 
ney  from  Jo'.ii;  'Jaleal  is  near  to  Mw/n/t- 
bafv,  on  the  well  fide  ot  it. 

About  feventy  hiiiii/h  leagues  up  the  Gam-  Lialior 
boa,  on  the  louth  \'\,\\  ll.iiuls  ilic  town  of 
I.iabtr,  a  conliikr.ible  trading  place,  re- 
forted  toby  Eiirojf.m  vellels  ot  filiy  or  fixty 
tuns,  which  fail  fifteen  or  eighteen  lea[',ues 
in  twenty-four  hours  with  eale,  or  die  m.iy 
row  up,  and  run  on  as  far  as  Cajfiii,  ot 
which  I  tliall  foon  fpeak  ;  the  channel  ol 
this  river  b;  ing  lb  far  up  every  wlu  re  ( le.m, 
deep,  and  pretty  wiile,  and  at /..-i/jr/;- .ibout 
a  mulk.t-fliot  in  breadtli.  t\  I'rrrch  \iU\n- 
ner  at  S;titbainplon  toKI  me,  that  on  I'.hr'iit- 
»ias  eve,  in  the  year  17  in,  bein;!,  come  up 
before  l.bihor  in  order  to  att.ick  an  End'ih 
flii|iof  fourrern  guns  and  thirty  five  nicn, 
which  lay  there  at  anchor  to  traiie,  this 
ircnchtiuui  being  in  a  Imall  courvct  of  four 
guns  ami  fifty  men  •,  he  l.iid  the  E<i'iJi!hmaH 
aboard,  and  alter  a  difpute  of  an  hour  .inda 
half,  wherein  he  kill'd  many  of  their  men, 
and  particularly  feventeen  Porlngnrft',  of  an 
hundreil  the  town  fent  to  the  afllllance  of  the 
Eii^l://.;  tho'  they  all  foiiglit  uiuKr  Ihelterof 
the  decks  anil  cabbins,  he  w.is  f.iin  todefill, 
with  the  lots  of  half  his  own  men,  and  fall 
ilown  the  fi'rt////'';^  without  his  int'iuled  prize. 

At  this  town  of  I.iah  r  is  a  great  mart  ofTmiif 
gold,  wax,  ivory,  ,ind  l()me  ll  ives.  h  ii''"" 
partly  inhabited  by  B'.'ckf,  and  parilv  by 
Porttigiit'c,  v/lio  live  there,  lever.d  lainilies 
together,  under  the  jurildichon  of  tlie  na- 
tives, and  drive  a  confiderable  trade  along 
theri/cr  Gambia,  and  in  the  .uljacnt  parts. 

Tie  Fri')iibman  above  mentioned  has  uh- civit.ii 
fcrv'd,  that  the  true  channel  of  tlie  GamOia ''"'"■>'> 
lies  molily  on   the  Ibuth  fide   for  a  great''*- 
way  up,  and  thai  on  the  contrary,  theiioith 
cliannel  is  bell,  between  Gilofrr  and  James 
ifland,  where  Jamii-Fort  lormerly  Hood,  but 
ii  now  dcmolilh'd  and  abandon'd. 

The  town  o\  'Jaijc,  the  Bl,ids  fiy  is  nine 
days  journey  Ironi  one  call'd  Serambrai ;  and 
that  of  .''V//i'7,  I'o  tamous  for  trade,  is  11  ill 
farther  up  the  inland.  The  village  Pit. I 
Caffan  is  about  an  hundred  and  ten  leagues  C.:!..- 
up  the  river  Gamboa,  reckoning  from  the 
point  ot  Barra,  and  on  the  north  fide.  That 

ot 


trhi„.l 


{ 
( 
t 

.1 

il 

ti 

Jt. 

b( 

tr 

•    th 

in 

an 

wl 

mj 

ler 

bo( 

COL 

con 

nex 

don 

1 

fruii 

the. 

whei 

th'-n 

figut 

1"  ; 

are  1" 


eajl,. 


grour 
of  cat 
thei 
hides, 
■AndP 
fold  ft 
value  I 
Th( 
flieep, 
and 
bealbj 
they 
anti  afl 
tives 
trade  f 
plenty 
tome  o 
no  lefs 


I.tlil 


:^K  I. 


Chap.  7.  ofNigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


77 


ofGrfal  Ciif  n  three  miles  bryoml  it, 
the  inetroptiiiH  of  tiic  km 


1 
.1 

r 

I- 
re 
ii> 

.1- 
II- 

li- 

rc- 
xty 
rues 
11.\V 
of 
1  <>i 

IMH, 
hcnlC 
irilo- 

hnjl- 

mijb 
men, 
,  tliis 
t  tour 
'hiiuin 

.\w\  i 

mi-n, 

of  nil 

if  ilii- 

lit  1- of 

nU-fill, 

i,,i  i.ai 

,ni  off""-'' 

Iv  liy 
niilii."i 
ic  II.'-- 
along 

l-i.irts. 

AS  ob- C/.  i'"-'-' 


l.i. 


great 
-noitU 

M,  but 

lis  nine 
and 
lis  l\iU 
Jc  Petit 
Ici^Tues  C" 
[)in  the 

'nv.it 


iLr 


leyomi  It,  bein{; 
^cloin  ■,  uiui  ImiC 
alxiut  three  ilays  journey  liowii  the  (luml'na 
to  Barra.  'Ihii  town  is  f.ii.1  to  he  w.iIlM,  ami 
is  the  iifual  refulente  of  the  kinj^  of  CV///;//. 

We  have  an  arcoiini  ot  two  nations,  pof- 
felTing  that  tradt  ot   lanii  wliici)  lies  from 
cape  St.  Mary,  at  the  nioiitli  ot  the  river 
GumbOiiy  to  the  i  iver  Rha  \  which  nation.s  are 
callM  /trriacroi  and  Feliippa  \    tlio*  Jarkk 
thinks  thefe  jieople  live  about  cape  I'eiJe, 
and  theretbre  gives  their  names  to  the  (mall 
illands  lying  near  tlut  cape.     He  adds,  that 
they  are  very  Ihy  of  venturing  aboard  any 
EuropfdH  Ihip  without  hoftages  {',ivtn  tliein, 
becaufe  fome  of  their    people  have   been 
ireachcroufly   carry'd  away  •,    as  alfo,  that 
,    they  ufed  to  (lit  their  under  lips,    tliruding 
in  a  lina'.l  round  ftick  to  keep  the  cleft  open, 
and  to  cut  various  fiLjures  on  their  bodies, 
which  Jiey  afterwards  wafhM  with  x  liquor 
made  of  tiie  juice  of  certain  herbs,  to  pre- 
fervc  it  troin  corruption  ■,  and  the  more  the 
body  was  fo  fcarified,    the  greater  ihey  ac- 
counted th:'  ornament.      At  this  time  the 
country  between  the  rivers  Cuimboi  .\n.\  Rba, 
next  the  lea,  is  reckoned  part  of  the  king- 
dom of  Ciamboa  by  mod  huro/eiWf. 
trhin.!.        This  country  produces  alinoft  ai.  the  fame 
fruit  and  plants  as  are  above  mentioned  of 
the  Sinr'^^a  ;  but  abounds  much  more  in  rice, 
whereof  the  RLicki  reckon  five  forts,  one  of 
them  not  unlike  muflard-feed  in  Ih.ijje  and 
figure.     There  is  alfo  great  plenty  of  mil- 
let i  but  right  oranges,  lemons  and  ananas 
are  fcarcc. 

h  alfo  produces  abundance  of  cotton,  b.i- 
nanas,  fabacombas,  being  a  large  P'ruic  like 
a  pear,  with  the  rind  like  that  of  a  pom- 
granate ;  and   Plong^ue,  which  is  a  fort  of 
medicinal  nut.   At  Cnff.in  and  above  it,  there 
are  large  fields  of  lob.icco,  wiiich  makes  a 
great  trade   there,    the  Poriu^^uefe   buying 
confidcrable  quantities  for  JuaUi  and  Ca- 
ihau. 
ttSurt.        There  arc  every  where  excellent  pafture- 
grounds,  which  ferve  to  feed  immenle  herds 
of  cattle,  particul.irly  oxen,  kept  merely  for 
the  profit  the  people  make  of  their  dry  raw 
hides,  which  they  I'ell  to  the  EngHJJj,  French, 
and  Portiiguefe  \  a  good  ox  being  generally 
fold  for  one  bar  of  iron,  which  is  about  the 
value  of  four  or  five  fliillings  £«(;-///Z). 
^jf,.  The  country  is  alfo  well  ftorcd  with  goats, 

Iheep,  elephants,  lions,  tygers,  wild  boars, 
and  many  other  forts  of  tame  and  wild 
bealls;  cfpccially  about  Alan/a^ar,  where 
they  have  great  droves  of  hories,  camels, 
and  affes,  which  arc  of  great  ufe  to  the  na- 
tives for  travelling,  and  carrying  on  their 
trade  from  place  to  place.  Nor  is  there  Icis 
plenty  of  apes,  monkeys,  and  baboons, 
fome  of  them  very  large,  and  confequently 
no  lefs  mifchievous  j  tor  if  we  may  believe 

VOL.V. 


what  IS  laid  of  them,  they  often  takt  chil-BARnor 
dren  of  fix  or  feven  years  of  .ige  up  into  ^•V^^ 
trees,  anil  it  is  a  matter  of  the  grcateft  dif- 
ficulty to  refcue  them.     Civet- Cats  are  alio 
numerous,  and  there  is  plenty  ot  mulk  at  a 
low  rate. 

As  for  poultry,  the  plenty  is  incredible  •,  Bi'"*' 
and  fo  of  parrots  and  parrokcets,  with  ma- 
ny other  torts  of  birds,  leveral  of  them  very 
remarkable  tor  the  wonderful  variety  and 
beauty  of  their  feathers.  Among  the  red, 
is  a  lort  of  jKlican,  about  the  fize  ot  a 
large  goofe  j  anil  a  kind  of  j)eacotk,  of 
the  bignefs  of  a  fmall  turky,  having  two 
tufts  on  the  head,  and  charming  fine  tea- 
thers. 

The  air  about  the  river  Gamboa  is  reckoned 
the  mod  unwholelome  of  all  Nortb-Guinea, 
which  is  occafion'd  by  the  malignant  va- 
pours rifiiig  from  the  marfhy  grounils  and 
thick  woods  and  foreds,  and  fpreading  all 
the  country  about  •,   together  with  the  into- 
lerable heats  in  the  day-time,  and  the  dead 
calms  in  the  night,  and  the  exccirive  rains 
falling  at  fome  feafons  of  the  year,   par- 
ticularly in  Aiiguft  and  September,  frequent- 
ly breeding    maggots    and    fmall    worms 
in  cloth.     Add  to  all  this,  the  horrid  thun- 
der, lightning,  and  tornado's,    that  frgin 
June  to  November  there  is  fcarce  one  day 
dry  i  and  that  the  winds,  during  that  feafoa, 
arc  condantly  E.  and  SE.  bringing  along 
with  them  thick  fogs  and  dinking  mids  i 
which  do  fo  corrupt  the  air,   that  few  or 
none  of  the  Europeans,  who  refidc  tiierc  any 
fmall  time,    can  etcape   its  malignant  in- 
fluence, producing  feveral  forts  of  difeafes, 
and  mod  commonly  lingering  fevers,  which 
wade  a  man  away  to  nothing  before  lie 
dies.     Were  it  not  for  this  dedrudtive  dif- 
pofition  of  the  air,  it  might  be  pleafant  li- 
ving in  that  country,    being  fo  fertile  and 
gooil,  as  has  been  mention'd  ;  efpccially  to- 
wards the  fea-fide,  where  the  foil  is  fo  rank, 
that  I  have  been  told,    there  are  in  feveral 
places  prodigious  tall  trees,    and  of  fuch  a 
vafl  bulk,  that  twenty  men  can  fcarce  fa- 
thom one  of  them. 

Of  the  Natives  in  gnural. 
'TTHE  Blacks  oi  Gamboa  were  formerly  ciuV/ifW 

very  favage,  cruel  and  treacherous  -, 
but  through  long  commerce  with  the  Eu- 
ropeans they  are  now  become  pretty  trad- 
able*, efpecially  thole  about  the  fea-coads, 
who  are  mod  civiliz'd,  many  of  them  uii- 
derdanding,  or  fpeaking  Por/a^tt*-/^,  Enghfl}, 
French,  or  Dutch,  indifferently  well. 

Many  of  them  take  to  fome  profelTion,  w»Uh. 
and  their  wealth  confids  in  flavcs  and  gold, 
efpecially  about  "Jagre. 

The  blackfmiths  make  all  forts  of  tools ^z^^^. 
and  indruments  for  tillage,  l£c.  as  alio  wea-jmiiii. 
pons  and  armour,  being  indifTerent  (kilful 
X  it 


!     ^i 


VJ 


mn\ 


ii 


78 


y^  Defer ipt ion  of  the  Coafts 


Book  I. 


n\M"'i.  ii  li.iriln.fig  of  iron,  anJ  wiicttini;  it  oi» 
•-^V^  CO  tinK.n  llunfi.  Tli-  ir  b'.lli)W>  an-  ni nlf 
oitwi)  I ,  gf  reeils,  lOiiinl  lo^ctiier,  in  cac  1 
ot  wliiLii  IS  a  llick,  loviTi-il  all  over  wiih 
Imall  Jcatluri,  tial  tall  to  it,  liwiiat  ilraw- 
in^;  one  ml  thiulliiin  in  tia-  (luks  witli 
both  ii.iiu!'",  tlicy  Hl>^w  ami  hulit  tie  fire. 
Uii^trt.  riie  w.MviTs  iiuki-  !;reat  quaiuities  of 
narrow  (ouoiiilotii,  wiiit'li  from  tlie  i'nr 
t:iu,-jt  natne,  they  rail  i'aH'JH,  o(  ths  lame 
.i>  Ills  hti  n  inuin\inKi\  AtCuho  l''('rJi'.  'I'lic 
bill  I'lri  tliey  tall  l\iiih/i  .Vj*t's  Ining  cit»lu 
'-■'"A.  niirtiw  llijis  (litiKM  togctlier,  gciuTally 
white,  iloiulal  with  flamcj.  The  Icconil 
(ort  i-.  ol  lix  narrow  Hips  j)iit  to^-ther,  cal- 
lui  B.K'.im,  about  two  yaids  iim;;.  and  a 
yaril  aiul  a  lialt  broail,  turioiifly  Ihipeil. 
'llie  third  (on  i?  called  Burjoel,  ot  the 
fmic  fi/f,  but  roarler. 

'I'hfic  clotlis  they  Cell  to  the  Ei:gh/fj  Md 
P'liiigiiij:-;  one  ot  the  Hrll  fort  lor  a  bar 
ol  iron  ,  thfee  ot"  the  fecond  lor  two  bars-, 
and  two  lit  tlie  third  tor  one  bar:  with 
whitii  iliot.-  Eu'oi'iiins  trade  at  S'tfra  l^>nii, 
Sherliro,  and  on  the  Ibuth  loall  ol  Giiinta, 
anil  p.irchale  for  them  elephants  teeth. 
Huftn-  ^  '"■■  hulbiiidmcn  till  the  gmund  with  a 
J^.  fort  of  tool,  much  like  a  (mill  axe,  but 

tliarp.  At  certain  times  of  the  year  every 
one  of  the  B!aclii  is  obliged  to  till  the  land, 
t'Kcepting  only  the  king,  the  chict  otHccrs, 
the  decrepit,  and  finall  children. 

Tbeir  Ci.oathino. 
O  ril  men  and  worn -n  generally  w?ar 
A  fore  (T  I  oat,  or  veil,  made  after  the 
manner  of  :i  lliirt,  reaching  ilown  to  the 
knees,  with  long  wide  open  fljcvcs  ;  and 
under  it  the  mjn  have  drawers,  alter  the 
7/./*://j  talbion. 

Maids  and  young  wom-^n  make  feveral 
ligurts  all  over  their  faces,  arms,  brealh, 
and  fingers,  with  hot  burning  irons,  or 
neciiles,  which  at  a  diftancc  look  like  a 
mizzo-relievo  on  the  tlefh  •,  and  this  tliey 
reckon  a  mighty  ornament. 

T/jiir  Houses, 
I^U  hutts,  are  much  after  the  lame  form, 
^^  and  of  the  fame  materials  as  thole  de- 
fcribed  at  Seih-:-a,  but  neat  and  convenient, 
commonly  made  of  a  red  binding  clay,  or 
earth,  which  foo;i  hardens  ia  the  fun  ;  and 
fo  well  thatched  or  covered  with  rufties, 
or  palm-tree  leaves,  ingenioufly  wove  toge- 
ther, that  neither  the  fun,  nor  rain  can 
olfend  tlioli;  witliin.  At  the  village  of 
Hji;  the  hutts  are  generally  fmaller,  than 
at  other  places. 

Tbnr  Food 
/^Ommonly  confiils  of  millet,  flcfh,  milk, 
^^  rice,  po'.liry,;m.l  fiuit.  Tht /-' r/.v/.vrt^ 
Miiiatli/ei  boil  fowl  and  rice  togctlier.    The 


B 


wiy  the  BliHk\  ufc  to  ilr-f'*  their  meat,  li 
mill  h  the  fame  as  at  S^ite^  1  \  ami  their  drink 
i«  pdm-win',  efpcii.illy  ahtiut  tie  loalf, 
near  cap.-  Koxo  \  but,  lor  the  niolt  part, 
they  are  not  very  cleanly,  either  in  their 
meat  or  drink. 

Thetr  Y  r  a  r>  k. 
'T*  HIS  is  the  employment  of  very  many 
*■  of  the  HI u  Its,  cither  a^Dong  otiurs  of 
their  own  complexion,  or  with  the  'uro 
fnini,  making  good  advantage  of  it.  The 
En(/i/l'  and  f-'rfiul>  deal  with  thole  that  are 
.ibout  tli"ir  fettlements  •,  anil  the  Pnri..,^ifjf 
with  tliofc  tarihiT  up  the  country,  along 
the  ru'tr,,  from  Cacl.iiu  to  Gamboa,  if>  the 
nature  ot  mtcrlopers. 

The  H.  ks  do  not  only  trade  along  the  F«i>.«nrf 
river  Cinml'  a.  in  their  caniKs,  but  along  "»«f»r»; 
the  coart  100,  as  far  as  Juala,  /lie  and  R;o 
h'r.fcn,  conlfmtly  attending  the  times  of 
fairs  ami  n..  .kets.  Such  arc  tliofe  appoint- 
ed by  the  kings  otMiinjagar  twice  a  year, 
at  (Sretit  CiiJ/iiii,  l/iiw,  '/iwtjrt,  TanJalj,  Tan- 
ker"ja',  "Joitel,  Sdiko,  and  ievcral  other 
places. 

The  fair  at  Mn'ifiignr  is  held  under  a  hill, 
near  the  town,  where  fomc  Poriiigi'/i  M:i- 
liittors  have  their  dwelling  1  and  thither  is 
l)roiighr  to  the  m.irket  abundance  of  tail,  ^'""'"'''' 
wax,  elephants  teeth,  mats,  cotton,  gold- 
dull,  ot  this  the  leall,  all  forts  of  cattle, 
goats,  poultry,  horfes  ■,  and  every  Monday 
throughout  the  year  there  is  a  (mail  mar- 
ket tor  provifion^.  Mats  are  propeil)  the 
coin  of  the  country,  .ill  other  things b.ing 
rated  by  the  m.its,  for  they  know  nothing 
of  plate,   or  money. 

The  fair  ke[)t  twice  a  year  at  Great  Cnffan,  CiiT,ii 
is  both  times  very  confiderable,  an  alinoil/*" 
incredible  number  of  people  reforting  thi- 
ther from  all  parts  of  the  country,  and 
vaft  quantities  ot  all  forts  of  commodities 
being  brought  to  it.  The  Porlugiiefc  relbrt 
to  it  very  much  to  buy  dry  hides,  elephants 
teeth,  isic.  for  biigks,  and  iron  bars.  They 
f>t  out  from  Cdibaii,  and  other  places  on  the 
Ibuth-fidc  ofGaml'oti,  at  the  beginning  of 
the  rainy  feafon,  and  return  not  home  till 
all  is  over.  But  the  rivers  about  Cnjlin  be- 
ing interrupted  by  great  falls,  which  ob- 
llruft  the  navigation,  all  the  goods  fliey 
carry  thither,  or  bring  back,  mull  go  and 
come  by  land  on  the  biicks  of  (laves. 

The  fair  held  at  Jaye  is  reforred  to  byj;,,,  .,. 
great  numbers  of  /Arabian  Moors,  from  6V- Jj)c. 
H/'hon,  and  other  parts,  in  caravans  of  ca 
mels ;    bringing  thither  lalt,  bugles,   and 
tovs,  to  truck  for  gold-duft. 

I  will   here,  upon  the  credit  of  others, -^'ran^f 
infert,  a  very   extraordinary,  and   no   lels"*''^ 
remarkable  way  ot  trading  between  thofe    '  ""'^' 
.'Jo'rs,  .mMhi:  B'ttcks  Aijay,  orcafioned 
by  the  Blacks  of  this  country  having  a  mon- 

ftrous 


Other 


I 


OOK  I. 


Chap.  7. 


<?f  Nigricia,  or  North-Guinea. 


79 


1^ 

rt, 
iCir 


,  «l 

uro 

rhc 

Are 
t  tlie 

;   the  F4ir  I  *nt 

ilonfe »«"''" 

.1  R:o 

I'S  of 

)oint- 

year, 

,  T(i«- 

other 

.\  hill, 

ihtr  is  „ 

gold- 
en tie, 
Monday 
11  mir- 
ilv  the 
,s  b.ing 

Othing 

ilmort/*" 

liiy  thi- 

ly,  !in'' 
lodities 

relbrt 
plunts 
They 
on  the 
ling  of 
|me  till 
^iiw  be- 
lch ob- 
is f'.iey 
;o  and 

to  byr^nf  "t 
tini  Gc-V)'- 

of  ca 
Is,   and 

I  others,  ■^"•''"." 
nn  1-ls  "■"' '"' 
I  thole 

lafion'.d 

l.i  inon- 
ftrous 


OlhiT 
fur  I 


ftroui  Urge  Scroium  full  of  forcj,  bcfi  loi 
()ih;.r  ivmir.il  (lotormiiic*  in  th'-ii  Ihipj  ami 
b./.li-:*  i  whiih  makrsthini  lo  b.i'htui,  that 
itii-y  will  not  l)L"  lirn  by  tliolj  Mti,n.    The 
ylruvi  lay  ilown  thi'ir  I'.uoJs  by  way  4)1  lots, 
ill  a  pla>.i:  appointiil,  at  tome  liiilf  dillinii; 
lr.)in  each  other,  and  then  with.lraw  aturiMt 
way,  Icavinti  no  loul  to  looU  to  tlirir  iiitr- 
tli.iiKli/.c.     A'heBa.ki  piTccivny  they  are 
gone,  I omt  up  to  that  Ipot,  exaniiiicivcry 
lot,  valuing  I  very  thing  ilify  1:1, i',  or  want, 
auorJing  to  their  own  tancy,  aiul  having 
Kk  tilt;  quantity  of  g'll.i-ilalt  liny  think  it 
worth  by  tviry   lot,  go  oil"  in  tluir  turn. 
The  Mojrs  being  inlorimd    ot    it,   lonu' 
again  to  the  trailing-plari',  anvl  (.(mfidtr  on 
the  quantity  tt  gold  laid  down  every  man 
by   his  own   lot.     If  they  think  th'-  goLl 
fulTiLicnt,    thfy   take  it  away,  leaving  the 
lot,  or  lots  ot  goods  tor  tlie  li:\i.i\  without 
tlic  leall  embe/./.lement  or  haud  ;  and  the 
next  day  the  Blacks  carry  away  tlie  goods  to 
ihtir    town.     It  the  Jiaiki   have  not  laid 
»U)Wn  gold  enough   to  latisfy  the  Mcoif, 
thcic  carry  off  their  own  goo.ls,  leaving 
the  gold,  whiih  rtie  Bi.i.ks  tcwh  away  tlie 
mxi  day  i  )et  it  fcldoin  hapiijns,  but  that 
they  llrikc  a  bargain,     'ihii  way  of  trailing 
lalls  nine  days  luccefllvely,  that  they  may 
have  the  more  time  to  aJjull  the  price.,  of 
the  goods,  ill  eat'e  the  firll  tender  of  gold 
is  not  accepted  ot  by  the  .\/to;.'.     Salt  is  a 
good  commodity  .imong  the  Bl.uks,  who 
p.iy  a  great  price  for  it.     Tiiey  ule  it  very 
much  lor    lubbing  and  walbing  of  their 
lures,  which  would  othirwile  loon  corrupt, 
ant!  be  the  death  ot  them.     This  w.iy  of 
bartering  is  exactly  delcrih'd  by  the  Htmr 
McucHc-,  in  the  account  ot  his  captivity  at 
J'ti,  printed  at /'(CfJ,  in  iimo.  but  tranf- 
l.itcd  into  Engltjb,  in  the  two  quarto  volumes 
of  monthly  travels  ■,  being  a  good  account 
ot  the  kingdoms  of  i'rz  and  Morocco. 

In  the  markets  or  fairs  at  -Itii^iU  Tamleha, 
and  '['ankfrva!,  arc  expofeil  to  lale  great 
quantities  ot  dry  hiilts,  ekphants  teeth, 
toiton,  rice  v  ihefe  tv^o,  molt  at  the  two 
l..lt  places,  and  the  tirll  two,  more  at  the 
former  pl.ices.     The  carriage  of  goods  to 


The  fair  at  Jo!iil  is  mollly  for  gol  I  duft.  Barhot 
This   town    is   beyond  Tiudt,    .ind,  it  we  '^^'V^ 
may  rr  dit  the  B'dcki,  there  ii  a  "ery  great  "'■"  *' 
quantity  of  gold-dull  at  the  lair,  as  wc  11 '""''' 
as  ,it  other  plucs  Ic.itcd  on  the  river  Niger, 
vheie  that  admired  metal  is  not  fo  much 
valued  by  the  natives  as  iron. 

At  Scliki  fair,    gre.t   quantities  of  filt^/Sellkt; 
are  boui^ht  by   tlie  Puriuifii'p  in  exchange 
tor  flavis.     The  bell  fait  is  brought  troin 
Biniivaet. 

The  Maral/ouli,  u  well  as  all  the  other 
m.i.k,  trade  with  thole  lA  Bor/alo,  and 
others  living  beyond  them,  where  gold  u 
to  be  had. 

Tbfir  GovinNMENT. 
'T'lII".  kings  of  this  country  fcarte  M-xhiklufi. 
*■     ler  in  behaviour,  or  cloathing,  troin 
tlie  common  Blacks,  unlets  upon  folemn  or- 
cafions,   as  giving  audience  to  envoys,  or 
h.uroi'eaiis  i  lor  then  they  adorn  themfelves 
more  than  at  other  times,  putting  on  fome 
red,  or  blue  coat,  or  doublet,  hung  about 
with  tails  of  elephants,  or  wild  beafts,  and 
fmall   bells,   bugles,   and  coral  i    and  on 
their   heads,  bonnets  made  of  ofier,  with 
little  horns  of  goats,  antelopes,  or  bucks. 
They  are  then  attended  by  a  confidcrable 
number  of  Blacks,    and  walk  with   much 
ftate  and  gravity,  generally  holding  a  pipe 
in  their  mouths,  to  the  place  ap|)ointcu  for 
the  audience  ;  which  in  fome  places  is  under 
a  t.ill  llately  tree,  as  pradtiCed  by  the  king 
of  Borjhlo,  at  Bar.     No  jierfon  whatfoever 
is  admitted  to  audi«nce,  without  making 
the  uluil  prelcnts  to  the  king,  or  to  his 
deputy,  in  his  abfence ;  and  thofe  for  an 
European  confifb  of  ten,   tifteen,  or  twenty 
bars  ot  iron,  fome  runlets  of  brandy,  a  fword, 
or  a  firelock,  a  hat,  or  the  like  •,  but  good 
braiuly  is  generally  moll   acceptable,  and 
fometimes  before  the  audience  is  over,  the 
king  will  be  almoft  drunk  witli  it.     I  for- 
bear to  mention  many  more  particulars  re- 
lating to  thcfe  kings,  becaule  what  I  have 
faid  before  of  thole  of  Senega,  &c.  cxaiflly 
fuits  with  thefe.     I  fliall   only  add,    that 
the  Blacks  look  upon  their  kings  as  very  cx- 


iiny  of  thole  places  being  all  by  land,  and    traordinary  forcerers   and   fortune-tellers  -, 
the  roads  extremely  bad  .in.ldifFicuk,  makes    and  believe  that  MfJ^ro,   formerly  king  of 


ii  very  chargeable  i  and  if  done  by  rivers, 
It  is  very  tedious  to  row  all  the  way  againft 
a  mighty  rapid  llream.  Befule,  that  iron 
is  not  carried  up  to  thcle  places,  which  the 
Blacks  fay,  have  iron-works  of  their  own  i 
and  yet  iron  there  yields  a  better  price  than 
at  (Jainboa. 

S,dt  is  an  extraordinary  commodity  at 
'TinJa,  and  other  places  oppofue  to  ii,  on 
the  other  fide  of  the  river.  'J"he  molt  cur- 
rent goods  txpoled  to  fail  at  'Tiiida  are 
tKphaiits  teeth,  hides,  tome  little  gold- 
dult,  cotton,  and  the  country  clotiis,  all 
in  truck  for  talt  anil  iron. 


Great  Cajfan,  befwles  his  mighty  (kill  in 
magick,  and  commerce  with  the  devils, 
could,  by  their  help,  blow  fo  violently  with 
his  mouth,  as  if  all  things  about  him  wouJi 
have  been  torn  in  pieces ;  as  alfo,  that  he 
railed  flames  and  fire  from  the  earth,  at 
thofe  times  when  he  called  upon  his  infernal 
I'pirits. 

Divination    by    oracles    is   by   i...   ^^"^t  ohint- 
of  Mahomet  forbid  to  all  perfons,    except »i»». 
kings,  princes,  and  great  lords.    However, 
according  to  Marmd,  at  Grand  Cairo,  and 
in  feveral  cities  of  Ba>bar\;  there  is  a  vaft 

number 


ii 

i 

':  1 

'!':;Ht 


-ill 


ft-;. 


■  "l 

^'.  ^'^'^ 

■;  ',ii 

'    1.;  ril 


■<'■<>> 


80 


^  Defcription  of  the  Coafls  Book  I. 


Chai 


Rmi  HOT,  number  of  vagabonds,  who  preteiul  to  di- 
t^'VNi*  vinfttion,  three  fcveral  ways.  Some  tell 
things  pad  and  to  come  by  magical  figures ; 
others  fill  an  earthen  vellL-l  with  water,  and 
caft  into  it  a  drop  of  oil,  which  becomes 
very  clear  and  bright,  wherein  they  pre- 
tend to  fee  fwarms  of  devils  moving  in 
order  of  battle,  fome  by  land,  and  others 
by  water.  As  foon  as  thofe  devils  have 
halted,  they  put  the  queftion  in  hand  to 
them,  which  they  anfwer  by  motions  of 
the  hands  and  eyes.  This  fort  of  cheat 
cannot  be  perform'd  but  in  the  prefence  of 
little  children,  becaufe  perfons  of  age  own 
they  fee  ne'hing  of  what  thole  deceivers 
iclate  ;  whereas  ciiildrcn  being  ordered  to 
look,  and  told  what  they  are  to  fee,  are 
enfily  perfuaded  to  anfwer  in  the  affirmative, 
that  they  do;  which  gains  thole  knaves 
much  reputation,  and  confequently  no  lefs 
profit.  Thefe  are  called  in  ALiuritaiiia, 
AT'/ia.'cimizfi,  that  is,  enchanters.  The  third 
fort  of  thefe  impollors  are  women,  who 
make  people  believe  they  converfe  very  fa- 
miliarly with  devils,  lome  of  which  are 
white,  others  d,  and  others  black.  When 
they  are  to  forctcl  any  thing,  they  fmoak 
ihemfelves  with  brimftonc,  and  other  llink- 
ing  ingredients ;  which  done,  tluy  are  im- 
mediately feized  by  their  familiars,  and  al- 
ter their  voices,  as  if  thofe  darmons  fpokc 
through  their  organs.  Then  thofe  who 
confult  them  draw  near,  and  in  very  hum- 
ble manner  put  the  queftions  they  dcfire 
fhould  be  anfwered ;  and  when  that  is 
clone,  withdraw,  leaving  a  prelent  for  the 
witch. 

As  to  the  authority  of  the  kings  over 
their  fubjeds,  it  is  much  the  fame  as  has 
been  above  repiefented,  in  fpeaking  of  thofe 
ofSoifga  ;  the  fubjedls  here  being  no  lefs  fub- 
mi/Tive  t.han  there. 


M.iho- 
nirtins, 
'dclattn 
artj  chri 


Their  Religion. 
TT  is  a  very  hard  talk  to  be  particular 
*  as  to  the  notion  they  have  of  it.  In 
general,  it  may  be  faid,  that  many  of  thefe 
Blackif  in  outward  appearance,  are  Maho- 
fneians,  as  ftriftly  obferving  circumcifion, 
with  the  prayers,  fafts,  and  ablutions  pre- 
fcrib'd  by  the  Alcoran,  the  Marabouts  ha- 
ving much  influence  over  them.  Many 
are  alfo  grols  pagans,  but  yet  with  fome 
mixture  of  Mabometanifm.  The  Porluguefe 
miffionaries  have  undergone  great  labours, 


and  run  mighty  hazards  to  convert  fon;c 
of  them  to  clirillianity,  ever  fince  the  be- 
ginning of  the  lad,  and  during  this  cen- 
tury, but  with  little  fuccefs :  for  though 
fome  feem  to  embrace  the  dodtrine,  yec 
many  mix  it  with  pagan  idolatry  and  Ma- 
bometanifm ;  others  are  no  fooner  baptized, 
but  they  return  to  their  wild  natural  way 
of  living. 

It  has  been  already  obferved,  that  the 
Mahcmetam  put  into  the  grave  with  theit 
Marabouts  all  the  gold  they  have,  that  they 
may  live  happy  in  the  other  world. 

As  a  farther  teftimony  of  the  wonderful  Sentrtri. 
fuperftition   of  the  Africans,    both  Arabs 
and  Blacks,  I  will,  out  of  Marmo',  in  this 
place,  mention  a  fourth  fort  of  forcerers, 
though  they  mi^ht  have  been  inferted  above 
among  the  reft     They  are  known  in  Egypt 
and  Burbary  by  rhe  name  of  Bumicilis,  arc 
reputed  to  out-do  all  the  others.     Thefe, 
fays  that  author,  pretend  to  fight  with  the 
devils,   and  commonly   appear  in  a  great 
fright,  all  over  covered  with  wounds,  and 
bruifes,  about  tlieir  bodies.     About  the  full 
of  the  moon,  they  '•'jmmonly  counterfeit  a 
combat,  in  the  prefence  of  all  the  peo})le, 
which  Lifts  for  two,  or  three  hours ;  and 
is  performed   with  AJfagaia's,   or  javelins, 
till    they  fall   down  to  the  ground  quite 
fpent,  and  battered  ;  but  after  refting  for  ai 
while,  they  recover  their  fpirits,  and  walk 
away.     Thefe  are  look'd  upon  as  religious 
perfons.     Another  generation  of  forcerers 
in  Barbary,  called  Muhac-.min,  that  is.  Ex- 
orcijls,  boaft  they  can  drive  away  devils  j 
and  when  they  do  not  fucceed,  alledge  for 
their  excufe  either  the  incredulity  of  the 
I)eople,  or  that  the  fpirit  is  celeftial.   Thefe 
generally  make  circles,  in  which  they  write 
certain  charaders,  and  make  imprefTions 
on  the  hand  or  face  of  the  perfon  pofTefled  ; 
thcii  they  fmo.ik  him  with  fome  naufeous 
fccnts,  and  proceed  to   their  conjurations. 
They  afk  the  fpirit,  how  he  entered  into 
that  body,  whence  he  came,  what  is  his 
name,  and  laftly,    command   him  to  de- 
part. 

Others  divine  by  a  fort  of  Cabala,  notCab«la. 
unlike  that  of  the  Jews ;  but  that  it  is  not 
taken  from  the  fcripture.  They  fay  it  is  a 
natural  fcicnce,  which  requires  great  know- 
ledge in  aftroiogy  to  be  rightly  ufed.  Cbr- 
rif  Mahomet  w.is  well  acquainted  with  thic 
art,  and  often  ufed  it.- 


CHAP, 


tntr$. 


tiUlcMfl. 


CalTingjt 


C»ft 

Kiuo. 


Uurivtr. 


to 
ton 
beii 
int< 
Rb. 
i/ig 
verr 
whi 
chai 
call< 
«n  t 
the  I 
fail  I 
at  til 
mem 
or  ei 
mtnj 
bitati 
when 
here  1 
Til 
andtf 
that  I 
moutl 
are  th 
ftoals 
St.  Jo 
called 
the  ca 
lie  the 
Hioals. 
All 
faid,  is 
fore  rh 
chau, 
in  five 
The 
maiifas 
Rha. 
fettled 
Cap< 
name 
known 
near  tc 
it  runs 
42  min 
cape  th 
ter,  mi 
leagues 
to  the  i 
along  ii 
iiithoin, 
called  C 
of  whic 
de  Joao 
Vol, 


ookI.        I  Chap.  8.         e^TNigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


nc 

)e-                                     ; 

n-                          .'i 

gh 

|:et                             ;0 

la- 

id. 

r.iy 

Marn^ 

the 

leif 

h,ey 

rful  5orrtr»r  J. 

'ahi 

this 

ers,                           ■; 

ove 

l^ft                        ^ 

arc 

efe. 

the                         V 

reat                         \ 

and 

fUU 

eit  a                          '; 

)ple.                         ' 

and 

lins. 

|uite 

Othtr 

"or  a 

vvall^ 

jious 

er^rs 

Ex- 

vilsi 

e  for 

:'  the 

'hcfe 

write 

Fions 

triheoj} 

Ted  ; 

feous 

■ 

ions. 

into 

i  his 

Caflangn 

de- 

M''- 

not  Cab«]a. 

s  not 

C,f, 

is  a 

Roxa. 

lOW- 

Che- 

thic 

CHAP.    VIII. 

T^  codjl  from  cape  St.  Mary  to  cape  Roxo.    Rha  river  i  Portugucfc  trade 
and  fittlements.    The  natives  and  their  idolatry. 


8i 

Barbot. 


V  P. 


Utrn^r  T'  ^  ^  *^°^'^  between  ca|)e  St.  Mary  at 
\  Camhoa,  and  cape  Roxo,  or  red-head, 
to  the  fcuth  of  it,  extends  about  twenty - 
four  leagues  along  the  Tea,  north  and  fouth, 
being  cut  througli  by  feveral  rivers  falling 
into  the  ocean  ;  the  chief  whereof  is  the 
Jiba,  by  the  Poriuguif;  called  Jibaqtie,  mix- 
iiii;  its  waters  with  the  ocean,  at  three  fe- 
veral mouths  J  the  lirgeft  and  deeped  of 
which  is  the  fouthcrmoft,  being  the  right 
channel  to  fiil  up  it.  This  river  is  by  others 
called  CaCiimanfa  ;  and  lias  the  town  O^Jara 
on  the  ncrth  bank,  two  leagues  up  it  from 
the  (ra.  Small  (hips  and  brigantines  may 
fail  fifteen  leagues  up  this  river,  going  in 
at  the  Lirgeft  of  the  three  mouths,  as  above 
mentioned,  for  there  is  generally  fix,  feven, 
or  eight  f.'.thom  water  ;  but  there  are  alfo 
miiiy  fiats  and  Ihoals.  There  are  no  ha- 
bitations to  be  feen  along  the  banks  of  it, 
when  once  paft  the  town  of  Jitritn,  unlets 
here  and  there  fome  hutts  of  filhermen. 

The  other  rivers  betwixt  cape  St,  Mary, 
and  the  river  Rba,  are  that  of  St.  John  firft, 
that  of  St.  Peter  next ;  and  before  the 
mouth  of  this,  at  fome  dillance  weftward, 
.nre  the  Baixos  de  San  Pedro,  or  St,  Peter's 
flioals.  Some  leagues  to  the  northward  of 
St.  John's  river  is  a  bay,  by  the  Portuguefe 
called  Porto  de  Cabo,  that  is,  the  port  of 
the  cape ;  brfore  which,  to  the  weftward, 
lie  the  Baixoi  de  Santc  Maria,  or  St.  Mary's 
fhoals. 

A 1 1  the  coaft  bef  *een  the  two  ca  pes  afore- 
fiid,  is  very  foul  and  dangerous  ;  and  there- 
fore thofe  who  defij»n  from  Gamboa  for  Ca- 
cbau,  muft  keep  three  leagues  out  at  fea, 
in  five  or  fix  fathom  water. 

The  people  called  CiiJfMigas,  or  Cafa- 
man/as,  live  along  the  banks  of  the  river 
Rba.  Another  nation  cilled  Beubuns  is 
fettled  to  the  eaftward  of  them. 

Cape  Roxo,  known  Co  tiic  ancients  by  the 
name  of  Rxjfadium  Promontorium,  is  eafily 
known  from  the  feaward,  by  a  fmall  grove 
near  to  it,  and  by  the  coaft,  which  from 
it  runs  awayESE.  being  in  12  degrees, 
42  minutes  of  north  latitude.  Before  the 
cape  there  is  from  fix  to  nine  fathom  wa- 
ter, muddy  and  fandy  ground,  for  fome 
leagues  o(F  to  the  weftward  •,  but  clofer  up 
to  the  fouth  part  of  the  cape,  and  fo  failing 
along  it  towards  the  E  S  E.  four  and  five 
fathoin,  in  the  channel,  by  the  Portugtiefe 
called  Can.!!  dc  Janiares  \  on  the  fouth-fide 
of  which  is  a  bank  of  fand,  called  Baixot 
de  Joao  d-  Coimbra,  or  John  of  Ctiml/ra'i 
Vol.  V. 


ftioals ;  and  on  the  north-fide  a  long  ridge 
of  rocks  under  water,  juft  before  /Ingra  de 
Fidtdo,  a  bay  to  the  eaftward  otCaba 
Roxo. 

Poiita  PWmelba  is  fome  leagues  to  the  v.ti  f$im. 
eaftward  of  cape  Roxo,  fo  named  by  fome 
Portugtiefe,  and  by  others  of  the  fame  na- 
tion Barreiras  yermelbai ;  but  by  the  Dutch 
Rii^ge  hoeck,  there  being  ftioals  about  it 
off  at  fea.  Thefe  capes  Ihow  at  a  di- 
llance like  iflands  in  the  fea,  and  the  fhore 
all  hilly. 

Thence  to  R'n  dt  Santo  Domingo,  or  St. 
Dominiik'i  river,  the  coaft  forms  feveral 
bays  and  headlands,  with  ihoals  all  thtshtnU. 
way  i  fome  of  which  the  Dutch  have  named 
North  Bank,  and  South  Bank,  or  Meuwtm 
Bank,  on  which  the  fea  breaks  at  high 
water,  and  they  are  dry  at  low  water.  The 
Portuguefe  name  them  Baixos  de  Norte,  and 
Baixos  de  Falulo ;  this  latter  being  to  the 
fouthward  of  the  other,  very  large  and 
extending  on  that  fide  to  the  channel  of 
Rio  Grande.  The  Baixos  de  Joao  de  Cmmbra 
above  mentioned,  run  to  the  eaftward,  as 
far  as  Barreiras  Vermdhas.  At  that  end  the 
channel  of  Janiares,  already  fpokcn  of, 
turns  ftiort  away  fouth,  being  but  two  fa- 
thom deep,  into  the  great  channel  of  St. 
Domiiiick's  river,  which  commences  at  the 
fouth  of  the  Baixos  de  Joao  de  Coimbra,  ha- 
ving a  bar  at  the  mouth  of  the  channel, 
called  Barro  de  Rio  de  Santo  Domingo ;  on 
the  fkirts  whereof,  quite  round,  there  is 
four,  five,  and  fix  fathom  water. 

Higher  up,  to  the  caft  of  Baixos  de  Nort:,  st.  PomM 
on  the  oppofite  northern  continent,  ftands  a  nick'i 
tall  tree,  by  the  Portuguefe  called  Arvore'*'^"- 
da  Praya  das  Vacas,  or  the  tree  on  the  Ihore 
of  the  cows,  being  a  good  land-mark  for 
fhips  to  fail  into  the  river  of  St.  Dominick. 
Some  leagues  above  this  tree,  another  river 
runs  down  from  the  northward  into  this. 

The  lands  here  defcribed  are  very  kr-FtnUitj. 
tile,  abounding  in  feveral  forts  of  fruit, 
plants  and  cattle,  being  waier'd  by  feveral 
large  and  fmaller  rivers.  The  Portuguefe 
have  erefted  a  fmall  fort  on  the  north- fide 
of  the  Rha,  and  planted  fome  guns  on 
it. 

The  country  is  fubjeik  to  a  petty  king, 
depending  on  him  at  jarim ;  and  this  again 
is  tributary  to  another,  who  refides  higher 
up  the  inland  -,  and  this  laft  owns  the  em- 
peror of  Mandinga  for  his  fovcreign. 

In  former  times,    the  Lijlon  merchants 

drove  a  great  and  profitable  trade  in  the 

Y  river? 


1 


■■■11 

■  ,■    1  ■ 

1.  ; 

'i    ' 

siiif 


t , 


is!  it 


,»      .  'i 


^ipr^^ 


u 


I  ,-!  i 


■)    ,  n 


1   ; 

i' 

1 '{ 


§ 


82 


y^  Defer iptioH  of  the  Coajls 


Book! 


U..ii.ki. 


RvtnoT. rivers  Rba  an;1  Gamliu  ;  but  at  iiiTi'-nt, 
^^'V^  thvy  hivc  in  a  m.iiiiv.r  Icrtk-d  it  ;U  (,V;- 
f/.w«,  or  Cd.bt'c,  on  tiic  riser  of  St.  Dm.ii- 
nkk,  contcntin;^  thcmlclves  with  llndinjj 
now  and  then  i'onie  b.irks  or  brig.intiiie.  to 
Rbiy  up  ih:.'  inl.uul  waters,  to  parchall' 
n.'.ves  fur  Sjaiiijb  wine, 

Brandy, 

Oil, 

Dry  fr  ''  of"  Srtr.n, 

Iron,  tne  belt  commodity. 

Fine  linnen, 

Tlireai),  and  g(jld  and  fiiver  laces; 

Cloth, 

Dani.dks, 

Needles, 

Thread, 

Silk, 

H.iberd.'.niery  of  leveral  fort<;, 

And  fuch  ihill's  as  are  proper  for  Gamhoa. 

A  ptrfon  cniploy'd  liy  the  I'rcmb  at 
Cofire,  tikes  notice  v.f  a  river  tliat  runs 
do'vn  betw.en  liioie  of  Gdmbo,i  and  Si.  Dn- 
tiiJi'ik,  ar.d  has  l.tl  anotlier  l''r,'iict>  man 
tiie  following  account  of  it.  The  b.mks  o\ 
the  ri\'cr  /.amoict;  arc  inhabitcil  by  levered 
forts  of  Blihks  ;  thofe  at  the  mouth  of  it 
call  themfelvcs  Irlatfcs,  a  people  extremely 
(Iiv.ige,  with  wliom  no  nation  lias  any 
commerce.  They  are  all  Gci:!icf,  every 
one  having  his  peculiar  god,  according  to 
liis  own  fincy.  One  worfliips  a  bullock's 
horn  ;  ar.oih.r  a  b;all,  or  a  tree  •,  and  to 
them  they  o'7er  facrificc  after  their  man- 
ner. Their  habit  i,  like  tiiofc  of  c.ipc  l'n-(h\ 
and  the  p  ople  ;;bout  the  river  Gambo:K 
Tlie  boldelf  an  1  moll  wcikhy  man  is  g,- 
nerally  (omm.urier  over  all  the  nation  or 
tribe.  Tlv  y  imp'o\e  th.  ir  land  well,  for 
producing  mu-h  inill'i,  anil  rice.  Their 
wealth  confids  in  bullocks,  cows,  and 
Croats,  of  which  fome  have  great  numbers. 
All  the  coall  as  far  as  the  river  Gamboiu 
and  about  (ix  leagues  up  the  inland,  is  in 
th'.ir  ['ofl'Jlion.  Their  towns  are  populous, 
and  not  above  a  quarter  of  a  league  di- 
llant  from  each  other.  Thofe  /v/s-v/c.;  who 
dwell  along  th.e  fouth-fide  of  this  rivor  Za- 
w;/(r,  are  exceeding  barbarous  and  cruel  ; 
for  they  never  give  quarter  io  any  Eiirope.nj 
they  can  catch,  and  fome  fiy  they  eat 
them.  They  .  xtend  all  along  the  coad  to 
a  village  call'd  iionlol,  at  liie  niouth  of  .5/. 

The  coalV  we  were  fpeaking  of  above,  is 
much  betttr  p'opled  than  that  of  Gambna, 
the  villages  being  about  two  leagues  dillant 
from  one  another,  and  about  half  a  league 
from  the  fca. 

.Seven  or  eight  leagues  farther  is  a  little 
river,  which  leads  to  the  town  of  J  an, 
wiiere  the  Poriugu.y  gather  great  quantities 
of  wix,  with  whii  h  they  trade  by  land  to 
Gambia  and  Cachaa. 


Jam  Ttvn. 


The  adjacent  parts  are  inhabited  by  Blacks,  Bagnon . 
called  lianni.iii,    wholi;  king  lives  twelve  or'*'"-"''' 
thirteen  leagues  from  the  lea. 

The  river  of  Si.  Dominkk,  or  7rt;(w;, st. Dom 
reckon'd  to  be  one  of  the  branches  of  the'""k.' 
Niger,  is  very  large,  running  a  winding""" 
courfe  of  ne.ir  two  hundred  leagues,  thro' 
the  lands  ot  the  Papais,  or  Biiramcs,  and 
At.iihbmi^.i' :  and  receiving  by  the  way  fe- 
veral  fmaller  rivers,  efpecially  about  Cacheo. 
Two  of  them,  a-  the  natives  pretend,  run 
atlnvart  the  country,  northward  into  the 
Rhi,  .md  one  of  them,  whole  bunks  are 
cover'.!  with  mangrove-trees,  is  retorted  to 
by  the  Knxliji'.  Sf.  Dwiinlck'f,  river  is  much 
eniumber'd  wit!i  flioals  and  banks  of  land, 
fome  of  which  being  lett  dry,  at  low  water, 
fhow  from  :i*'.ir  like  iflands.  I'lie  mouth 
of  it  is  in  twelve  degrees  of  north  latitude. 

The  three  fmall  illand:.,  call'd  Bi'ramo',V-»'am- 
lying  at  the  mouth  of  this  river,  towards'J^*"'' 
the  iouth  (ide  of  if,  the  rirlt  whereof  ha', 
peculiarly  tiie  name  ofTt-rtv  Ijhiih'.s,  be- 
caufe  looking  as  if  it  were  fc,  are  little  bet- 
ter than  gravelly  rocks,  and  yet  inhabited 
by  Go!tn:'i-l  IVacki,  who  have  call  oU'  their 
I'ubjertion  to  the  Pcrtiiguefc,  and  are  rc- 
laps'il  into  p.'.ganifm.  There  they  cultivate 
cotton,  ami  m.d-ce  their  fort  of  cloth,  which 
they  fill  to  the  n.uives  on  the  continent  ; 
but  V.  ill  allow  no  m.ui  to  come  up.on  ilieir 
ill.md<,  having  c.-.noes  to  carry  on  their 
trade.  Tl'.e  chaniul  they  crofs  over  is  call'd 
the  Bvt,  and  they  take  all  poflible  can- 
that  no  vefl.ls  Ihall  come  near  their 
iflands. 

There  arc  two  clianncls  to  go  up  St.  Do-ch.-imeit. 
vi'yr.ick'f,  rivc  r  ;  the  greater  for  fliips,  clofe 
to  tf.e  b.ir  1  the  le!ler  for  barks,  or  floops, 
being  on  tiie  north,  fide,  as  may  be  leen  inPLArF4., 
the  m.;p,  and  is  that  of  Janiares.  The 
louth  point  of  the  river's  mouth,  is  call'd 
Pcuta  ALttta  ,!-j  Pui'nma,  fome  leagues  to 
the  fouthward  of  which  is  the  little  river 
0:'.;tr.  Tl.e  country  about  the  river  is  in- 
habitcil by  liveral  forts  of  Blacks,  and  by 
Por/i:gni'^i-,  v.'lio  ha\e  feveral  towns  there. 
The  tide  runs  very  iifong  out  at  the  great 
channel,  which  hinders  Ihips  ot  great  bur- 
den from  f.dling  up  any  nearer  than  within 
eighteen  or  twenty  leagues  of  Cuiljeo,  and 
i!,enerallv  iluy  come  to  an  anchor  between 
Pontn  I'll  1/1: :,'..-,  and  cape  Rox;,  driving 
tluir  trade  bvtv.ven  that  and  CaJ.eo  in  arm'd 
boats  and  Hoop  .  Mov.tver,  the  P.  rtfg-nff 
fliins  which  nfort  to  this  place  being  fel- 
dom  of  above  one  hundred  tuns,  commonly 
go  up  to  Ciuli-o,  where  they  have  a  little 
iort,  ir.ouiUed  v.  iih  lour  guns,  on  the  north 
fide  of  the  riwr,  near  a  village  of  Black!, 
and  kej^r  by  a  I:  rge.mt  with  tour  Ibldiers. 

Four  le.igties  h.ighcr,  near  the  village  of 
Bui'-it,   is  the  little  river  of  7,;);^/(;w;,  which 


urns  nine  or  ten  leagu 


.les  under  iiround,  as 


groii 


tlw 


BookL 


c  or 


Blackv 


Sj 


■r,)T. 


thro- 
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.-rucr, 
louth 
udf. 
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warils'/'""- 
[  lias 
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e  Ix  t 
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■  their 
re  rc- 
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Ahicli 
nent  ; 

their 

thi-ir 
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their 

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clofe 
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iver 

IS  iii- 
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and 

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the 


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r„ff.i,. 


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J;u) .  #■} . 


V  FroCpect  1)1"  du-  Porru'ruelV  Touni  oJ"  (  ac  lu'o  . 


^ftSits*- 


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trnvi. 


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Chai 


a. 


of  Nigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


sj 


Guoni^tiiii 
•■.UUgt. 


RoguinJa 


M«to 
ft,  luufj. 


C'lrhc-O 


t'  e  French  report  ;  iimi  then  lo!cs  itlllf. 
'I'.x  country  al'oiit  it  is  |)olli.-r'.'ii  liy  tlie 
B  ioi;on  Bliiiku  wlu)  arc  all  i  Inl.itcrs,  iind 
nuK'li  tlrfadcd  by  tiuir  m  i;^hb:)ur.i. 

'I'he  vill.iyi'  ol  Gh%iivuiii  is  direiflly  at 
the  inoiitli  of  tlic  riv^r,  whc-re  abundance 
of  I'oriui^uejc  .ind  Gbumui  hliuks  h.ivc  their 
ilw<  ri!vj;,  and  ^atlur  imiih  wax. 

'J  lie  river  B/^u'nul.i  is  on  the  l.inir  co.ift, 
nho'.it  three  KaLiucs  his/her  thin  the  tic!,; 
n  )\v.s,  and  reaches  twelve  or  litteen  leagues 
lip  theouniry,  which  is  inhabited  by  the 
i'lme  lure  ot  penple,  dealing  like  the  others 
in  wax.  Tiiis  is  the  ordinary  pailaye  from 
drjro  to  y.-/'/'. 

On  the  lojth-fi.te  of  the  ninuth  of  iha 
|-i\'crol  ^'.'.  Do/iiiiiuk  '\s  a  lart^e  wcod,  cali'd 
.Mitto  Irim')/'),  th.it  i*;,  the  beautiful  fjrove  ; 
:.nd  a  villa<.',e  inhabited  by  the  Fu'oufes, 
much  more  livili.'.'d  tnan  thole  before  mtn- 
tion'd  ;  with  whom  a  trade  is  maintain'd 
lor  fl.ives  and  provifions,  but  moll  parti- 
cul.iily  for  rice. 

About  two  le;;p;i.ies  higher  is  a  fmall  ri- 
vulet, not  navigable,  but  noted  lor  parting 
the  l\luii,'ti  fio'ii  llie  Piipi'l:. 

I'hofe  Papt-is  are  as  great  idolaters  as  the 
others.  Their  king  refi.k.sfive  or  fix  leagues 
higher.  Wuen  any  confiderable  perfon  a- 
niong  tie m  ilies,  they  lacrilice  bullocks, 
cows,  kids.uid  capons  totiuir  idols,  which 
are  ;^ener.dly  trees,  bullocks  hornj,  drr. 

On  the  ro.ul,  about  four  h.igues  hi;.;her, 
fhinds  the  tov.'n  of  C.nbc'O,  on  the  fouth- 
(iJ.e  of  the  river  -,  confifling  of  three  hundrcil 
jioufes,  made  of  cl.ip-bo.irds,  palliiadoed 
round,  and  defended  on  the  wcll-fide  by 
a  fort  of  redoubt,  mounted  with  fourteen 
large  pieces  of  cannon  ;  b. fides  two  other 
forts  of  no  defence  at  prelint,  with  each 
three  or  fourguns.  There  are  four  churches 
in  the  town,  tlie  chi.lell:  of  them  dedicated 
to  the  virgin  Miiry,  the  parifh-church  to 
6'/.  Francis,  the  tr.ird  at'Car^ncJ.Kus,  to  which 
belong  three  or  four  religious  men,  and  the 
fourth  is  of  J'jhiis.  The  paiifli-church  is 
ierv'd  by  a  curate.  There  is  ako  a  victor, 
in  the  nature  of  a  great  vicar  in  Fi.;nci% 
who  makes  his  vllltations  in  the  name  of 
hisdiocef.in,  the  billion  of  6'.." // ;??,  one  of 
the  illmds  ol  cape  ^^crdc.  Moll  of  the  in- 
habitants are  Poritn^Kfi'e  Mulatto!,  being 
about  three  hundred  funilies,  which  drive 
a  very  confiderable  tr.ide  with  thi:  natives 
that  are  under  the  Portii^tof-  go\'ernnient. 
They  formcily  paid  a  conli.ierable  tribute 
to  the  king  ot  the  country,  who  h.id  per- 
mitted them  to  en  ct  three  forts,  the  l.irgelt 
of  which  is,  as  hath  been  fiid,  onthcwdt- 
fide  of  the  town.  Thefe  forts  have  fincc 
put  them  into  a  condition  to  deliver  tliem- 
lelves  from  that  rrilnite,  and  to  lommand 
the  country  as  their  own,  trading  about 
Where  they  tliink  fit.    For  tlie  (iuisfadion 


of  the  curious,  I  have  here  inferted  a  pro-  Barbot. 
fpeft  of  the  town  of  Cacbeo.  i^^^'^' 

The  Pc<'tiiguefi-  repc^rt,  that  about  fix  *^'  **' 
leagues  towartls  the  norch-eaft,  on  the  other 
fide  of  St.  Domtrick'i<  river,  there  is  a  large 
inlanil  town,  cali'd  Bixamgor,  not  far  from 
a  confiderable  river,  running  from  the  north- 
call,  into  that  of  67.  Dominick,  at  fome 
leagues  to  the  eadward  of  this  town  ;  which 
l.ill  river,  about  fifteen  leagues  to  the  ealt- 
ward  of  Cacheo,  winds  away  to  the  Ibuth- 
ward,  and  fo  into  Rio  Grande,  making 
an  idand  of  the  country  where  Cacbeo 
flands. 

'I'he  Portuguefe  here  are  fo  careful  toPorru- 
conceal  the  myllery  of  their  trade,  and  theB'"|'= 
difcoveries  they  have  made  in  this  part  of 
Jj'r:ca,  that  what  we  know  of  it  is  only 
from  fome  difcontentcd  fcrvants  of  theirs, 
who  have  withdrawn  themfelves.  Thefe 
fay,  it  is  a  very  piofitable  trade  carry'd  on 
along  the  inland  rivers,  from  this  place  to 
Gambva  ;  firll  along  the  fmall  river  Doiiii- 
nico,  oppofite  to  Cacbeo,  which  flows  into 
th.it  of  Rba  ;  then  having  carry'd  their 
good.i  a  few  leagues  by  land,  they  come 
upon  i\\tS(iwU'  '-"gcu  river,  which  falls  upon 
the  G. imbed  ;  tiaving  built  a  fmall  redoubt  at 
the  place  where  the  land-carriage  is,  to  fe- 
cure  the  communication  between  the  two 
rivers.  Others  report,  that  they  have  a  w.iy 
by  rivers  from  the  Gai/iha  to  the  Senega, 
which  ij  probable  enough,  by  what  has 
beer,  laid  in  the  defcription  of  Sriwga. 

Nor  do  the  Porttr^iull'  make  lels  .idvan- 
tage  of  their  trade  in  the  Hifrghn,  and  othei 
ifl.inds  thereabouts,  anil  carry'd  on  in  bri- 
gantines  and  floojis,  or  barks.  They  alio 
tr.iffiek  in  the  rivers  Noinie,  Poiigues,  and 
Sierra  Lcon.i ;  where  they  purchafe  wax, 
Haves,  elephants-teeth,  red-wooii,  Uic. 

The  nurch.ints  .::  Cacbeo  pay  to  the  king 
of  Portugal  ten  per  cent,  ad  valorem,  for 
ail  their  goods  -,  there  being  a  colleclor  to 
receive  it,  both  coming  in  and  going  out. 
There  is  alfo  a  governor,  antl  a  recorder, 
or  publick  notary.  There  are  yearly  torty 
or  fifty  criminals  banifh'd  from  Portugal  to 
this  place,  to  fiijipily  the  place  of  fuch  as 
die,  cither  for  want  of  gootl  diet,  or  of  natu- 
ral diilempers.  Suchofthele  oti'endcrs  as 
can  feafbn  themfelves  to  the  climate,  and 
overcome  the  malignity  of  the  air,  make 
their  baniflinier.t  e.ify  enough. 

The  fort  of  Cickeo  is  under  the  com- 
mand of  an  officer,  they  call  captain  major, 
or  chief  captain,  but  I'ubordinate  to  that  of 
cape  yerde. 

An  hundred  and  fifty  leagues  higher  up 
this  river  of  St.  Dominick  is  the  town  of 
F.irim,  another  Portii^ueje  colony,  in  the 
country  of  Manuinga,  paliifadoed  round, 
and  govern'd  by  another  captain  major,  tub- 
ordinatc  to  him  of  Cacbto,    Some  bccs-wax, 

and 


jl 


.  i  ]:i|  ir"   ill 


<  I 


'■■     i' 

■1 

.1 , 

1 

* 

.  1   . 

r              1    ■ 

84 


^  Defer iption  of  the  Coafts 


Book  I. 


Firim 
ttwn. 


StupiJ 
UtUtry. 


B\umiT.  and  abundance  of  cloth  is  made  here,  wliere- 
*«Or^  in  their  chief  trade  confills:  for  molt  of  the 
Gourmet  Blacks  are  taught  to  weave,  or  cx- 
ercifc  other  mechanicks. 

The  inliabitants  of  Farim  are  not  fo  nu- 
merous as  thofe  of  Cachi^o  ;  but  they  have 
many  fummer-houfes,  where  their  Gourmets 
make  calicoes,  cloth,  and  wax. 

The  villages  and  hamlets  all  along  the 
river,  from  Cacheo  to  Farim,  are  inhabited 
by  Poriuguefe  Gourmets,  or  chriftian  Blacks ; 
but  all  the  others  throughout  the  country 
are  grofs  fupcrftitious  pagan.;,  wordiipping 
trees,  oxen's  horns,  and  other  inanimate 
things,  as  their  wild  fancy  leads  them  ;  to 
all  which  they  offer  facrifices  of  bullocks, 
kids,  fowl,  i^c.  Thofe  of  C<»/(J»M«y^  bc- 
fides  their  other  multitude  of  idols,  pay  a 
particular  veneration  to  one  they  call  China, 
which  in  their  language  fignifies  God  ;  in 
honour  of  whom,  about  the  latter  end  of 
November  they  make  a  general  yearly  pro- 
celTion  at  midnight,  juft  when  they  are  to 
fow  their  rice,  which  devotion  is  perform'd 
after  this  manner. 

All  the  people  being  aflembled  at  the 
China /Vd/.  pl''ce  where  the  idol  China  is  kept,  they 
take  ic  up,  with  great  humility  and  reve- 
rence, and  go  in  proceflion  to  the  appointed 
rtation,  where  facrifice  is  to  be  offer'd ;  their 
chief  prieft  walking  at  the  head  of  the  con- 
gregation, next  before  their  god  China, 
and  carrying  a  long  pole,  to  which  is  af- 
fix'd  a  blue  filk  banner,  with  fome  ihin- 


bones  of  men,  who  perhaps  htve  been  put 
to  death  for  that  purpofe,  and  fevcral  earn 
of  rice.  Being  come  to  the  intended  place, 
a  quantity  of  honey  is  burnt  before  the  idol, 
after  which  every  one  prefent  makes  his  ot- 
fering,  and  fmoaks  a  pipe,  and  then  they 
all  go  to  prayers,  begging  of  their  god,  chat 
he  will  give  a  blefling  to  their  harreft,  and 
afford  them  a  plentiful  crop,  in  due  feafon. 
This  done,  they  carry  China  back  in  the 
fame  order  to  the  place  of  his  refidence, 
proceeding  in  a  very  folemn  manner,  and 
with  profound  filence. 

The  river  of  St.  Dominick  abounds  i^  AllirMtru 
fffh,  and  breeds  fuch  monftrous  alligators, 
that  they  devour  any  ir.tn,  who  venture  too 
far  into  the  water.  The  Blacks  along  it 
arc  careful  to  file  their  teeth  very  flurp, 
looking  upon  it  as  a  great  oraiment. 

One  thing  is  reported  very  Angular  oftrtyufi. 
the  women,   and  is,   that  in  the  morning ''"'•  ""- 
they  ufe  to  fill  their  mouths  full  of  water,  "^^ 
which  they  hold  all  the  time  they  are  clean- 
ing their  houfes  and  drefling  their  meat, 
to  prevent  talking,    being  extremely  ad- 
dicted to  it. 

The  flaves  purchafcd  by  the  Portuguefe  gm4 
and  others  in  thefe  psrts  of  the  continent,y«i«. 
and  the  neighbouring  iflands,  efpccially 
thofe  call'd  Biffos,  are  the  ableft  and  moJt 
ferviceable  of  any  throughout  North  Guinea, 
and  valued  at  Mexico  and  Cartagena  in  the 
IVeft- Indies t  beyond  thofe  of  Benin  aid 
Angola. 


Cha 


1 

( 
t 

ti 

ri 

in 

ar 


Guimli 


CunrJof 


CHAP.     IX. 

The  coafl  from  St.  Dominlck'j  river  to  Rio  Grande.    Geva  river  and  trade  % 
Guinala  kingdom.   Guard  of  dogs  i  burial  of  kings.   The  kingdom  of  Biguba. 


?.:■:  rr  of 


Rio 
(innde, 


THE  coaft  from  the  river  of  St.  Do- 
minick to  Rio  Grande,  by  the  ancients 
call'd  Stachiris,  as  well  as  the  Gami'ia,  to 
which  Ptolemy  gives  the  fame  name,  as  has 
been  obferv'd  at  the  beginning  of  the  fe- 
venth  chapter,  runs  fouth-fouth-eaft,  and 
fouth-eaft,  to  a  place,  where  there  are  two 
very  large  trees,  which  feem  from  afar  to 
be  clofe  together  ;  and  there  are  two  towns 
on  it,  call'd  Amacada  and  Times.  Rio  de 
las  Iflctas,  or  the  river  of  the  little  iflands, 
is  to  the  caftward  of  it ;  and  by  the  Dutch 
named,  de  Rivter  van  de  drie  klein  Eylands, 
that  it,  the  river  of  the  three  little  iflands. 
This  part  of  North-Guinea  is  feldom  re- 
Ibrted  to  by  any  European  traders,  except 
the  Spaniards  and  Portuguefe,  as  affording 
little  or  no  profit. 

The  air  about  Rio  Grande  is  pretty 
wholefome,  and  the  country  has  much  the 
fame  plants  and  animals,  as  the  others  al- 
ready defcribed.  This  is  call'd  Rio  Grande, 
or  the  great  river,  bccaufc  of  its  widencfs, 


and  is  the  fourth  great  branch  of  the  Niger ^ 
forming  two  mouths,  viz.  Guinala  and  Bi- 
guba.  The  north-fide  of  it  is  inhabited  by 
the  people  call'd  Tangos-maos,  and  thcfouth- 
fide  by  the  Biafares,  forming  two  king- 
doms, named  as  the  two  mouths  laft  mcn- 
tion'd,  Guinala  and  Biguba,  According  to 
fome  ancient  geographers,  there  was  once  a 
place  call'd  Partus  Magnus,  or  the  great 
harbour,  on  the  north-fide  of  Rio  Grande, 
near  the  mouth  of  it.  This  river  is  gene- 
rally look'd  upon  as  one  of  the  mouths  of 
the  famous  Niger,  and  oppofitc  to  the 
i(l:ini.h  Biffeghos,  or  BiJ/bs. 

On  a  river  by  the  French  call'd  Geva,  Ge»» 
which  muft  needs  fall  into  Rio  Grande,  f""- 
tho'  they  pretend  it  is  loft  in  the  ii:a,  after 
a  winding  courfe  of  feventy  leagues  from 
north-eaff  to  fouth-weft,  is  tne  village  Gouf- 
fode,  about  a  league  frq^n  the  harbour, 
where  flives,  bullocks,  and  poultry  arc 
fold.  The  French  place  this  town  on  the 
C(V(i  about  five  Icaguct  higher ;   but  the 

Pcrtw 


Tilt  tmn 
dl. 


BurUUf 


on 

nil 
poi 

Wli 

is  n 
alw 
i'oj< 
a  cc 
the 
crov 
dicii 
own 
k.-.g 
tribii 
of  rh 
it 
King 
j.uk.. 
nd'h  : 
in.'i.u 
of  bz 
do-s, 
cli.iin 
feed 
fettle 
of  wit 

Gl(iH:l 

bita;u: 

T/,t 

hiiiiK- 

CO.IIltl 

Th, 
the  or 

Clllloil 

w.iilini 

is  won 

hasfx| 

ing  loi 

with  f( 

known 

ceJid 

pet  ill 

heanll 

iioiife, 

goes 

princip, 

Vol 


;iL 


Chap.  p.         (?f  Nigriria,  or  North-Guinea. 


8f 


b«</^ '»■"■• 
1  after 
I  from 
|Cfl«/- 
Dur, 
are 
the 
tt  the 


Guin  ill 

V'f-giam. 


Cut'dcf 


Tiitrmn- 
til. 


hwUlof 
kail. 


Purluj,iii'fe  huve  n  church  there,  and  it  is  in 
the  (ountry  of  the  Biafares.  Several  barks 
and  floojJs  arc  kept  in  the  port,  which  trade 
10  Sn'rnt  Leoiui,  with  the  fruit  call'd  Ko^a, 
or  Cnihri,  reft-mbling  the  great  chcftnuts 
of  Imlii,  which  I  fli.dl  fpeak  of  hereafter. 
They  deal  for  great  quantities  of  them  with 
the  n.itiv.s  of  thcfe  parts,  and  with  the 
Black.f  on  the  river  Niivhs  for  elephants 
teeth,  .iiui  indigo  in  the  leaf,  for  dying  of 
their  elotii.  'I'hc  barks  can  go  no  faither 
than  a  villat',e  call'd  Goeree,  but  their  canoes 
run  up  fcveral  rivers  of  little  note.  Jjft 
oppjliie  to  the  port,  tJKre  are  feveral  hnall 
in  .n  Is  not  inhabited,  befides  that  of  Bou- 
lam,  fi.v  Lagues  in  co  npafs,  and  lying  juft 
at  the  inoiitii  of  Kio  Grand-. 

Tiie  kinj^doin  of  Giii'i  li  is  fo  call'd  from 
one  of  ih-  branch.s  ot  Ri,  Gr.vid',  wiiich 
runs  thro'  the  country  of  the  5«(^/J.  The 
port  ol  Guina'.i  is  the  chief  town  -,  and  that 
which  the  Por:iigii'-fe call  a  Cmz  or  the  crols, 
is  not  fir  fro  n  it.  Th;  king  of  G.vi.va  is 
alw lys attended  by  a  nuiueroiis r.  tinue  w!un- 
Ibjver  he  goes  abroad,  and  particu!aily  by 
aconpany  of  archers.  H.-  is  fdd  tc  give 
the  hat,  w'li.h  is  th.  r^  ufed  inftjad  of  a 
crown,  to  fev.n  petty  kings  under  hisjurif- 
diclion,  an  I  that  lie  maintains  them  at  his 
ownexp  nee,  and  with  great  profufion.  Tliis 
king  had  formerly  twelve  fuch  ki.iglings  his 
tributaries  -,  but  the  Jag'^s  have  reduced  five 
of  rh.  m  uhlK  r  their  dominion. 

It  is  alfo  reported,  that  at  Gi'i'uda  the 
King  niaintai.is  fi,"cy  great  dogs,  -  lothVl  in 
jajk'.ts  or  coats  made  of  llcins,  w  lofe  bufi- 
nu'li  '•■'■  to  w.iteli  at  night ;  which  jbiiges  the 
inIiaL;l  ..rfs  to  be  at  home  betimes,  for  iear 
of  being  torn  in  pieces  and  devour'd  by  thofe 
dogs,  every  one  of  which  has  a  keeper,  who 
ciiains  him  up  in  the  day  and  takes  care  to 
feed  hi.n.  Tliisodd  I'ort  of  watch  has  been 
lettled  there,  becaufe  formerly  abundance 
oi  wicked  vagibond  Bl .cks  ufed  to  refort  to 
Gitmal.t,  and  carry  away  many  of  the  inha- 
bitants in  tlie  nigiu. 

The  royal  council  confiih  of  the  king 
himfelf,  tlie  luads  an.  chief  men  of  the 
country,  and  twelve  ch(  ifen  counfellors. 

The  R'.iuk<  in  thelepirtsdonotdifl"  rfrom 
the  otivers  already  fp  iken  of,  in  tnaniiers, 
culloiTis,  (2C.  but  only  in  the  way  of  be- 
wailmg  and  burying  their  dead  kings,  wliich 
is  worth  oblcrviug.  As  fnon  as  tiie  king 
hasexpircd,  twelve  men,  cili'di',  /  7'.',  wear- 
ing long  and  wid^'  gowns,  a  loi  n'd  all  over 
with  featiiers  of  llvr.al  colours,  make  it 
known  by  way  of  prodamation,  bring  pre- 
ceded by  twelve  other  m.-n,  loundinga  1  rum- 
pet  in  a  doleful  manner;  which,  as  loon  as 
heard  by  the  jj^ople, every  m  in  runs  out  of  his 
lioufe,coveredwitha  white  clutii  or  flieet,and 
goes  about  the  town  all  tiie  day,  whil'.l  the 
principal  pcrfons  of  die  country,  uad  the  late 

Vo  L.  V. 


king's  officers  arc  afT  nbled  to  confilt  about  Bar  hot. 
thcelcdionof  a  new  '-.ing.  lining  agreed  *-''V>^ 
upon  that  point,  th'  y  or.ler  tiie  body  ut  tlie 
deccai'd  to  be  ojx-n'd,  and  burn  liis  bowels 
before  the  idol  ,Cj.«i,  whi.  h  is  their  cliiff 
deity,  as  well  as  of  the  C.'r.(/«'i'._/i/j,  before 
fpoken  of.  Then  the  eo  pfe  u  v.ry  well 
walli'd  and  cnibahiird  wi  ii  fweet  odors 
mixed  with  (he  alhesof  the  bow  I..  E  ';ry 
B  nek  is  obliged  iiiion  tii.le  occil^on  10  (Ir- 
nifhhis  quota  of  frankinnnf. ,  n  usk,  ambcr- 
gris,and  white  amb  r,aecor(iing  to  I, i^  ability. 
The  corpfe  rem  d  ,s  alter  this  m.inn  r  'ill  the 
day  of  theiunir.d,  when  fix  of  tlic  h  tl  q  a- 
lity  in  rhecoumiy  ciriy  it  to  the  |.|..e(  ol  bu- 
rial, being  i!o.tli;cl  in  wl.i'elaixMit  gowns, 
followed  by  a  muhirude  of  odias,  pl.iviig 
a  melancholy  tune  on  a  fort  of  Hu'.es  and 
hauiboys,  made  after  their  manner.  Atier 
thffe  follows  a  croud  of  Bl  :k  ,  crying  ami 
iiowiing  ,is  loud  as  they  art  able.  I'ne  corpfe 
being  thus  laid  in  th.'  gr  .ve,  i.i  tl-.e  pr  fence 
of  tiie  reiationSjWlioarc  ufually  on  horii.b.ick 
upon  this  occaflon,  and  cloathed  in  loofc 
farcenet  gowns,  which  19  a  fign  of  mojrning, 
they  kill  that  wife  the  dead  king  wafondelt 
of,  and  fev  ral  of  his  llrvants,  to  wait  on 
and  ferve  hi-n  in  tiie  ot!.er  world  •,  and  that 
he  m.iy  want  for  noconvcni.ncy  there,  and 
to  the  lame  intent,  his  hofeis  to  be  kill'J. 
Ii  is  r  p')  ted,  that  .'bov  fiiiy  pcrfons  have 
been  fo  nerim;'s  flaughtcr'd  upon  fuch  occa- 
funs  1  but  the  unheard-of  barbari  ies  ufu.dly 
cx-cuted  on  thofe  wretched  vicTiims  of  fu- 
perrtition  and  ignorance,  before  they  give 
r'>em  the  lift  rtroke  to  put  an  end  to  life, 
a, ;  wonderfully  inhum..n  ;  for,  they  are  faid 
to  tear  out  the  nails  of  thdr  fingers  and  toes, 
to  crufh  and  break  their  legs,  and  many 
more  fuch  like  cru  Ities:  and  as  a  farther 
addition  to  themonltioulhcfs  of  this  prailice, 
they  oblige  the  miferable  creatures,  deibn'd 
for  this  butchery,  to  be  prefent  at  the  tor- 
ments of  their  fellows  till  the  lafh  This 
abominable  cuftoin  llrikes  fuch  a  terror  in 
to  the  minds  of  the  wives  and  fervants,  that, 
notwithftanding  the  plaufible  (lories  told 
them  of  the  advantages  accruing  to  thofe 
who  are  fo  I'acrificed,  in  the  other  world, 
molt  of  them  ablcond,  or  run  quiie  away, 
as  <bon  as  they  apprehend  the  kaft  danger 
of  dea'h  in  th."  king. 

Mdrcalor  in  hisyA/.;j  obferves,  that  it  was  E.\iimptft 
formerly  the  cuflom  in  great  Tirtary  to  ['.i- '['"'»'■ 
crifice,  on  mount  /Ucni,  all  that  were  pre-  "■"""' 
fent  at  the  funeral  of  their  Gnat  Cb  tm,  by 
the  Mufcovitc-s  call'd  Cznr  Cat.nki  ;    and 
that  it  once  happened,    that  near  joocoo 
men  were  fo  butcher'd  ot  oie  rim-.     Lmi- 
ntiel  de  Fana  y  S^ufa  in  his  S'a  i/'i  hillory  of 
Ponuga/,  chip.S.  /■«;.  40.  fpakingof  li- 
naiusy  general  of  tiie  Lufit.viuis  or  Po  t:i- 
^wf',  about  an  hundred  and  forty  years  be- 
fore Christ,  who  was  kill'd  by  the  con- 
Z  trivance 


■I 


S6 


;y  "J 


I'M!  uiilfi 


U        ' .. 


i'     'II      -     ■.    ;■ 


:,^'lli!' 


^ 


f  ► 


-I  : 


.< 


Ji 


h 


*•■'•''  V  I  ':' 

m 


■I 


nAMuor.triv.inre  and  tie.idicry  of  S,rzi.iiii  Cepio,  .i 
^'V^  y\'i.;/.',//;griKial  in  A'/ J./;,  idls  this  p.ifTige,  ot 
till-  r.imi'  n.iiui''  iis  wli.it  Wf  are  Ijji'aking  ot. 
'I'liat  tlic  l.iijir.in.ms  miffing  their  general, 
foanJ  him  ilt-ad  in  liis  tent  i  whi.  upon  ihe 
wiiolc  camp  was  fiUM  with  iliiir  lamenta- 
tions. To  i)cribrin  his  fuiienil  rites  Willi 
all  iinaginalile  pomp,  they  raisMa  vafl  pile 
of  timber  in  the  niiJtl  of  the  ticKI,  leaving 
a  I'pacc  for  the  body.  The  top  of  the  pilu 
was  aJo'n'il  with  lolours  ami  otiur  trophies 
of  arms.  Tlun  their  idolatrous  pried  going 
lip  to  the  top,  i.dlM  upon  the  gholt  of  i^i- 
ti.itw,  ami  killing!,  fome  captives,  lj)rinkleil 
the  arms  with  tluir  l^lood  ;  which  done,  he 
iMiiiedown,  .iiul  letting  fire  to  the  pile,  the 
body  was  conlumed  in  a  monnnt. 
I'li'ettliJ  The  Portuguefe  j(Uiiis,  and  otlier  niinio- 
B.acks.  nets,  about  liic  beginning  of  the  lall  centu- 
ry, bapti/--d  many  ot  this  nation  ot  (luiiuiui, 
who  foon  rel'.ips'd  into  their  toini.r  pau,aiiilin 
and  liipeilliiiou^  worlliip  ot  tiie  idol  Coin.i  : 
fome  ot  tiiem,  uponlielli  exhonaiions,  were 
again  resoiuil  d,  but  as  lijon  tell  back  iiito 
th'.irabluiiliti.s ;  which,  atl.il^,  tirtdthofe 
inilTioneis,  who  were  thus  convinc'd,  that 
to  undertake  the  convcrfion  of  thole  infidels 
'VMS  labour  in  vain,  and  therefore  retulcd  to 
baptize  the  king,  and  fome  of  iiis  courtiers 
who  di  fired  it,  withdiawing  themtclvcs  troin 
that  country. 


A  Defcription  of  the  Coajh  .Book  1. 

The  kingdom  ot  Higului  or  Biiftw  is  in-i*,;ii''j 
habited  by  the  people  call \1 /(».(/(jm,  anhas*'"^''"* 
Ixen  laii.1  before,  and  depends  on  that  iil' 
GuD'.ala.  The  port  of  Hii^nha  is  I'omewhat 
higher  up  the  river  than  that  of  Buiu.n  or 
/i,t\li,  wiiich  is  inhabited  by  thcTaiixos-m'io-y 
ami  liiguba  niolUy  liy  Portugucji,  The  7<<«- 
goi-niMi  are  laid  to  be  ot  Porius^iit-ji  extrac- 
tion, fome  of  that  nation  having  marry'il 
black  women  ;  however  it  is,  they  ditler  not 
in  cuitoms  and  manners  from  the  generality 
of  the  other  B/aik>,  going  almoft  naked, 
and  cutting  or  Icaril'ying  their  bodies  like 
theni. 

When  a  king  of  Bigub't  dies,  and  LavesCfHf/f*/- 
only  one  Ion,  that  Ion  is  immediately  en-"""- 
thron'd  i  but  if  he  leaves  feveral,  theeldell 
cunnoc  be  king  till  he  has  kill'd  all  the  o- 
thers  iiand  to  hand-,  the  Biifares  looking 
upon  the  bravctf  a?  nioft  worthy  of  that  dig- 
nity. This  way  of  deciding  the  right  to 
the  crown  being  tedious,  it  occafions  great 
troubles  and  ti.inults  during  the  interreg- 
num. 

There  are  few  chriftians  in  this  coun- 
try, notwithl^anding  the  great  toils  tormer- 
ly  undergone  by  the  milTioners  lor  ^lin- 
ing of  converts  -,  but  the  groHLtt  p,\g.\nifni 
is  follow'd  by  all  the  natives  witiiout  ex- 
ception. 


Cha 


N'Uhii. 


ttvn. 


C  H  A  P.     X. 

The  ijlands  Biflbs  j  their  inhabitants  and  }r«du£f\  BilTos  town  and  trade'. 
Ho'jj  they  pl'ght  their  faith  tojirangtrs  j  their  habit  y  houfes^  food,  burials, 
He.  Of  KioGiandc,  and  the  ijland  Fermola. 


BilTo-, 
ij'.*nJi. 


Fctmofi 


rr"  H  E  idands  of  Bijjos  or  Biogfrs,  or  Bif- 
X  fan  or  Biz  igooz,  or,  acct)rding  to  thc 
I>\->\b,  Eijfu,  lie  to  the  wttlward  of  the 
coalt  of  B-.^ula,  beirg  inhabited  by  the  Ja- 
^oi.  The  largcft  of  ihem  is  by  the  Pcrtu- 
^^i^ee  call'd  llhi  Fermofa  or  beautiful  itland  ; 
and  by  the  S;atiu.rds,  IJl^i  (If  J'tiiiuij  Po, 
that  is  IcrdituD.d  Po's  ifland,  becaule  he 
difcover'd  it.  Some  will  have  it,  that  there 
arc  near  eighty  iflands  cali'd  BjJ'i,  between 
cape  Roxc  and  Kh  gra'  de,  t-mloled  on  t!ie 
well  fi.le  by  a  large  bank,  which  the  Poilu- 
gtir  e  c.\\\  Bh<  s  dus  B:j.igos,  and  the  trench. 
Banc  de  St.  Pic  re. 

libit  Ptrmoia  is  parted  from  the  main  by 
the  river  ^-iiialiiy,  asare  alio  two  other  iflands 
near  it.  Oppofite  to  the  channel,  call'd  the 
Bol,  is  the  ifland  of  BiiJJi,  inhabited  by  the 
Paieis,  whole  cing  is  not  very  abtolute. 
The  tea  is  fo  fliallow  there,  that  a  man 
may  pafs  over  to  it  without  being  wetalwve 
the  mid  Kg.  This  ifland  is  about  ten  leagues 
incompals,  and  has  two  ports,  the  one  on 
the  eaif  fide,  call'd  Old  Port ;  the  other  on 
the  foutli  fide,  named  fmte  Sionn  Harbour, 


Diredly  oppofite  to  it,  is  the  village  ofCazi- 
htt,  on  tlie  continent,  and  feveral  little 
iflands  not  inhabited.  About  two  leagues'^'' "it- 
from  it,  is  the  ifland  by  the  piciub  call'd |'J"* 
da  Bijfanx.  A  fhip  of  three  hundred  tuns 
canp.ilbtafily  between  thetwo  ifl.in  is,  know- 
ing the  channel.  This  ifland  is  about  forty 
leagues  in  compafs,  inhabited  by  Pajii 
H.a  ki,  divided  in'o  nine  feveral  u'ibes  or 
nations,  each  govern'd  by  a  king  of  its  own  j 
but  one  of  them  is  fovereign  ovir  all  the  relf, 
who  depend  on  him  as  governours  of  pro- 
vinces. The  prime  men  in  it,  are  call'd 
G  urges,  fignitying  as  much  as  dukes  or  peers. 
Thete  are  the  candidates  when  a  new  king  is 
to  be  chofen,  which  is  done  alter  this  manner. 
They  draw  up  in  a  ring,  in  the  miilfl  ofiMieiff 
which  is  the  tomb  of  the  deceas'd  king,  *'"''^- 
made  of  reeds,  and  held  up  by  ftvenil  men, 
who,  dancing  about,  tots  it  up,  and  he  on 
wl-.om  it  falls  is  their  king. 

Tliefe  iflands  are  very  fruitful,  though  all  Fenilii)-. 
over  woody,  being  every  where  w.itir'd  with 
feveral  ftreamsand  rivulets,  and  producing 
[•aim-wine, palm-oil  and  many  otlur  forts  of 

refiefliments. 


Fronrli 

tr.lJt. 


'I 
b 

U 

L 

tl 
at 
th 
lu 
l)i 
all 

tr. 
t,) 
\V 

illl: 

hci 
ath 

fiat 
iiif 
pl.ii 
the 
a  be 
Con 
tra( 
/■', 

JUg 

ilult 
ro/Y 
ni.;n 
aci  o 
i 

lollo 
eh  pi 
In 
Jii 
t. 
Y. 
I-V 
.V</. 
H, 
H.. 
i-, 
P.. 
Ki 
dalh 

'i; 

of  tin 
t'ifiiil 

io.!. 


OOK  1. 

in-  V^iuhi 

Iws*'"^''"* 
;  of 
■tut 
or 

!iin- 
r.ic- 
ryM 

nui 
jlity 
kwl, 

like 

•aves  Cruel  CHf 

•Mcil 

lie  o- 
iking 
t.liB- 
,ht  to 
grciic 
:rrt6- 

coun- 

rnur- 

'y  lin- 
ts 

;,inirni 
u:  ex- 


Chap.  10.        o/Nigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


87 


trade'. 

'trials. 


ne;  Bif- 

Iciux 

ijlimj. 


'Cnze- 

litdc 

eapvics 

LMllVi 

.■d  tuns ' 
know- 
ibrty 
Paid 
ibi.s  or 
I  own  v 
u'  rclV, 
of  pro- 
call'd 
piers, 
king  is 
lanncr. 
litlit  of  eM'o"/ 

king,'"""^ 
il  men, 
he  on 

ugh  all  ttriB). 

[with 

itluring 

tons  of 

^iments. 


DilTos 
lovn. 


t 


refn  fliiiitnts.  The  country  is  .ill  Hat  anil 
low,  unly  h'jre anil  there  lunic  iiilluiks  ami 
;iral)lc  ri'lgea  at  lomcdillance  from  oneano- 
tl'.vT.  'I'hc  foil  ib  fo  good,  iliat  any  iliing 
grows  with  liitl;;  labour,  lo  that  tluie  is 
|)Kiity  of  riip,  honey,  wax,  (•'/('((■(J-inprer, 
iiurh  valuM  liy  tlic  Baih.iry  Moon.  It  is 
alii)  wcil  llorM  w'kIi  all  forts  of  beads,  as 
If.igs,  lallow-deer,  cleplianis,  Isc. 

1'hr;  fi.i  about  them  alioiiials  in  fifh  of  fc- 
vcral  kinds,  and  produres  ambergris,  wliuii 
the  natives  lomLtimet  find  on  the  (hore. 
K*thii.  1  lie  natives  are  tall,  but  very  lean,  and 
/peak  no  otiicr  language  but  their  own  -, 
but  are  p.  wild  trcacheious  jjeople,  ./ith 
whom  there  was  but  little  trading  till  of 
late.  In  the  year  lOS:},  they  m.ilfaiTcd  all 
thv  crew  of  a  Di>kb  fliip,  wlio  were  gone 
afl'.oie,  eitiier  upon  neci  :y,  or  to  divert 
thenilelves,  not  fufpcrting  the  inhabitants  lo 
be  of  luch  a  bloody  difpoliiiun.  Only  a  lab- 
liiii-boy  was  pri  l.rv'd  alive  among  them,  ami 
alterwarilb  r.uilbm'd  by  an  Eii^!:j/i  f.'.dtor  of 
li.imkii,  who  ided,  from  time  to  time,  to 
trade  to  tluli- idands  foi- (lives,  millet,  poul- 
try, laitl-s  and  parrots  blue  and  green. 
When  fiiips  arrive  at  their  ports,  no  perlons 
are  full'ciM  to  find,  till  the  king  has  lairi- 
Hccda  bulioLki  which  done,  any  may  go 
alliore. 

The  town  of  Biffjs,  in  the  id  md  d^s  Bif- 
Ji,iux  is  very  large,  and  almod  three  leagues 
ill  lengi  h,  bccaule  of  the  many  orchards  and 
plaat.uions  there  are  within  ir,  belonging  to 
the  l\rlHgi4ffi',  who  have  there  a  colony  of 
about  an  hundred  and  Tifty  families,  with  a 
coiiveiit  of  ReccUls,  and  a  parifh  church  i 
trading  tlienv  e  to  all  the  other  illands  of  Bif- 
J.i,  to  R:o  NuHHdz,  and  Sierra  Lej)ia,  bring- 
ing ih<  nee  0 1  ves,  elephants  teeth,  fome  gold- 
tiult,  i^c.  wliich  they  fill  again  to  the  Eu- 
ro'e..iii  who  relort  thither.  They  v.due  a 
m..n  Ifive  from  twenty  to  thirty  bars  of  iron, 
Uiiording  to  the  time  and  fcarciiy. 

The  I-'icnib  Senega  compr.ny  began  in 
]68':  to  drive  a  tr.ule  here,  and  carry  the 
tollowiiig  Ibrts  of  goods  to  barter  for  (laves, 
ehpli.mtstitth,  wax,  £^c. 

Iron  bars, 

Bugles  ol  ftindry  foi  ts, 

Coi.J, 

Yarn  ofdivers  colours, 

Frize, 

Suutlii's  or  brafs  bafons, 

Rials  kettles, 

F{.its, 

I'tilow  amber. 

Pieces  of  eigiu. 

Knives,  and  many  other  kinds  of  haber- 
dall).  ry  war.'. 
KnjjPi,  The  Eii-Jj/j  have  alio  a  hand  in  the  trade 
of  till-  />///xi,  and  will  (bon  oui-do  the 
JVaul',  becaufe  of  their  nearnefs  at  Gam- 
ioa. 


French 


T'he  b;(l  road  for  fliips  to  ride  hdure  rlitnA«n<iT 
town  of  lijpjs,  is  jult  op|)i)fite  to  th,'  parirti  t^VNl 
church,  not  above  an  /'.//f/yZi  mile  from  the ''"""'''■ 
(hore,  ouzy  ground  i  but  ne.irerthe  fliorc 
is  bettiT  anchorage,   where  (hips  of  fixcy 
guns  may  ride  fife  :  tin  place  by  {.\k  IrcncL 
is  cali'd  Port  B{Jf,aux. 

Iti  the  year  1686,  tlie  Portiixuffi  Were  Pi,rtu- 
aduallv  ending  a  iiiile  lort  there,  to  fe-gucre. 
cure  their  colony,  and  f.inderftringtrs  fioin 
tr.iding  there,  that  thv'y  night  engrols  ic 
all  to  tlicmlclves,  liavi  g  cbtain'd  a  grant 
of  the  ki.ig  o>  the  iflind,  by  means  of  a 
very  confiderable  pritt'nt  lent  him  by  the 
king  of  Portigal ;  but  they  had  then  only 
two  pieces  of  cannon  mounted,  and  a  very 
inconfuk Table  garriibn.  It  may  be  an  ealy 
m.'.ttcr  todifippoint  tliisdifignof  the  Port'i- 
!!:efc,  the  fame  way  ihey  work'd  upon  the 
king  of  the  Bjfs,  if  the  Jremb  or  Eitglijb 
(houKl  oiler  as  goo. I,  or  a  better  prel'ent  than 
the  Portuguese  did,  which  would  doubtlel's 
induce  that  black  king  to  grant  them  the 
l.iine  privilege  v  if  it  were  tliought  conve- 
nient for  promoting  or  fcuring  the  trade 
tlnri-,  or,  atkalt,  tluy  might  have  leave  to 
iettle  in  (bme  other  place  near  it :  for  the 
BUicki  in  g  neral  are  not  pleas'd  with  this 
grant  made  to  the  Pi.rlugHeie,^h\d\  excludes 
all  other  bluropeans  from  trading  with  their 
nation;  and  it  is  likily,  tilings  will  not  con- 
tinue fo  long,  thofc  Bidiks  being  great  llick- 
lers  for  liberty. 

There  are  fevcral  good  harbours  in  this 
ifland,  befides  that  I  have  mentioned.  TlierAi  tin;, 
king's  place  is  within  half  a  league  of  it, 
one  parilh  and  one  monaltery,  as  was  faid 
before.  Several  of  the  Pcrtiigut'fe  inhabi- 
tants are  married  to  native  bl  ick  women  ; 
and  many  of  the  inhabitants  are  baptized, 
and  profels  tiie  Roman  Calholkk  religion. 
The  king  has  his  gu.irds,  oiher  foldiers, 
and  many  wives  of  dililrent  ages.  He  has 
at  leaft  fifty  canoes  for  war,  eacli  of  them 
capable  of  carrying  thirty  men  ;  and  two 
or  three  .Im.s  a  year  he  lends  this  Iket  to 
make  war  on  the  Bnftfcs.,  dwiiling  on  the 
continent.  The  (bldkrs  of  thel'e  iflands 
have  no  other  we.ipons  but  a  cutlacc  hang- 
ing to  their  arm.  The  B:Jp>s  have  an  open 
trade  with  the  towns  of  B  Ih  and  Cacbso. 

The  town  of  Bo.ln  lies  b;t\veen  tiie  otliernollo 
two,  and  allbrds  millet,  cattle,  and  poultry,    icvn. 

livery  lh;p,  or  brigantine,   that  comes  to  d„,;,, 
Biff'S,  or  the  neighbouring  roads,  is  to  pay 
the  duty  of  anchorage,  befides  the  cpftoms, 
which  make  a  part  of  that  king's  revenue. 

Moil  of  the  bees-wax  purcl-.afed  at  Biffoi, 
comes  from  Cacbeo  and  Ger,',  a  Pu>t:igiiefe 
colony  and  town  feated  above  fifty  leagues 
up  the  country,  as  before  mentioned. 

The  cudom  of  facrificing  an  ox  at  BiJpJi,  sacri'in 
and  other  places  along  this  coad,  to  their 
great  idol  Cb:na,  in  tiie  preface  of  ibine 

one 


■  J  .11 

"3 


h 


'.  i'  5 


Mtii 


88 


ADefcription  of  the  Coafh 


Book  I. 


Ua'<«ot.  one  of  the  fliip's  crew,  above  hint«l  at,  is 
t/V^  in  liju  of  a  lolcmn  affirmation,  or  oaih, 
that  tlu'y  will  not  abur<"  or  titfr.iud  tlic 
llrangcr  •,  which  circmony  \%  th'is  ptr- 
formcil  :  After  the  Inillock  is  ki.led,  tlic 
prjit  ilrops  Ibmc  of  the  blood  on  the 
ur.ingfr's  Ihoi's  ami  hangs  up  tht  hoins  or 
tcct  on  i\\e  i'fuchi-  tr.f,  and  whofoevi.r 
takes  thim  down,  forfeits  an  ox. 
H»bU.  The    king  of  tht-   BJfs  drclTcs  himfdf 

much  alter  mc  P  mp.i'je  manner  i  but  the 
Rcnrrality   of  the  lILuki   go  q  .ite    naked, 
havi  g  o  ly  .ifmdlflip  of  kid-(kin,  drcfT.d 
and   p.i  nted  red,  to  covor  their  privities, 
tied  ,ibo  u  their  diij^hs,  the  ends  fupporced 
by  a  nanuw  Unp  of  leather,    girt  about 
tlieir  W.I'll.     The  women  wear  clotiies  much 
likr  thole  of  C<it"  yirde. 
titH^ti»nJ     'I  lie  liou'es  or  butts  are  in  form  like  tiiofj 
fftJ.         of  Rio  I'ly.i),  and   of  the  f.mic  mU-riils. 
Th' ir  ul'ii  1   food    is   mi  let,    bod'd   with 
fowls  or  beef,  bananas,  and  figs,  and  their 
diii'.k  p„lm-wine. 
t^4t»j.         They   buiy  the  dead  (landing  iipriij;ht, 
m.ikiny;  a  deep  pit,  or  gr.ive,  wliith  ti.ey 
fill  up  with  feveial  forts  t.t  provifuns,  be- 
fiJe  the  body.     The  funer.d^  of  their  dead 
king.s  arc  very  mucii  ;'fter  the  fame  manner, 
and  with  the  f^me  inhum.inity,  as  I  have 
hi  fore  iltftrib'd  in  iholi-  of  Giii>:a!ii ;  only 
with  this  difierence  at  B  (fos,  as  it  w,is  prac- 
lil'cd  at  the  obfequies  of  a  king  not  long 
before   the   year    it86.     They    manacrcd 
twenty-five   or   thirty   of   the    handl'omeft 
m.iids   in  the  country,  froin    eigiiteen   to 
twenty-five  years  of  age,  to  ferve  the  de- 
ceafed  king  as  wives  and  concubines  in  the 
other  world  ;    as   alfo  a   like  number   ot 
young  men  of  the  bell  fort,  Ibme  of  them 
otViring  up  themfclves  of  their   own   free 
will,  for  fulfilling  of  that  inhuman  cullom  ; 
but  many  others  were  taken  up  by  Ibrce. 
Tiiofe  who  thus  prodigally  caft  away  their 
lives,  on  fuel)  occafions,  do  it  upon  the  .ib- 
I'urd  notion,  that  it  is  highly  honourable: 
however,  this  brutal  notion  lofes   ground 
very  much  among  the  better  fort  oi  Hiuks ; 
wlio,  as  foon  as  they  hear  their  king  is  in 
dang  ■  of  death,    remove   and    hide  their 
daughters  j    and  the    handfomeft  maieiens, 
who  have  no  parents,  will  ablcond  carefully 
even  from  their  own  relations.     Bcfides  tlie 
many  young  men  and  maids  thus  fl.uighter'd 
and  buried  with  the  corple  of  thedeceas'd 
king,  the  rem.;ining   part   of  the    grave, 
which  is  generally  very  deep  and  fpacious, 
is  filled  up  with  provifions,  clothes,  gold, 
filver,  fweet  leents,  ftufis  tfc.  in  fuch  qu.in- 
tity  as    is  judg'd   neccff.iry  to  ferve  luch 
a  company  for  a  confiderable  time,  fome 
fay  five  or  fix  years,  but  that  Items  too 
much. 
. ,_, .         In  thefe  parts  their  god  China  is  rcpre- 
"       "*Tented  by  a  bullock's,  or  a  ram's  head  carv'd 


in  wood,  after  th 'ir  marnfr,  o"-  elfc  m.tde 
of  a  lort  ofjufte,  of  the  flow  r  ol  nullc-t, 
kne.vled  with  bloo.i,  .ind  f;i:x:'i!  v/i'h  li.iir 
and  I'c.ith  T'.  i  and  tI.ey  h.iv"  vity  tv.iny  of 
their  iilols.  There  are  (i'ein  or  lixtcen 
of  them  in  .i  huit  near  the  doot  of  th  kin;r,'8 
houle,  ar  h:ffi;  and  no  m.in  daust.uich 
the"-  i"i,V>  the  pri.  lis,  at  the  tiiiv.  ol  (bine 
<■  .ictiliee,  when  tli  y  ri  move  one  (-r 

jf  thi  111  to  the  pi  ice  a[)poi.ited  for 
t.  .it  ceremony  ;  ;iiid  as  lb'  n  ai  th.it  is  jicr- 
fe)rm'd,  return  the  fame  toeh.ipj  el  or  loilge, 
among  the  rell.  Hy  this  it  r'  e.ily  to  per. 
ceive  what  wret;.hetl  grolii  idol.ittrs  thefe 
/y//  ///,;,  k)  are. 

'I'heir  weajions  ar?  the  f.ime  as  thofe  oi  Armiaiul 
ihe  Buich  at  the  river  of  St.  Djininick.,  »""'• 
but  not  lb  neat  and  handy.  The  natural 
courge  anel  intrepielity  of  ilul'e  ifl.inders, 
renders  them  tonnid.il  I.'  to  tluir  enemies 
on  the  coiuiiierit,  witii  whom  they  are  con- 
tinually ..t  vari.ince,  and  Ibmetimes  with 
the  Por;vw'e\  for  th-y  are  l.olel.ind  inde- 
fatigable i:i  war,  and  turiiuily  co:  q'lered 
fix  linall  provinces  on  the  m.iin,  brinjring 
tiieir  ailveil'aries  lb  low,  as  to  oblige  ilicm 
to  c.dl  in  the^  ahiaidi  to  their  jfTillance. 

They  often  go  a  priv.itecricg  in  their 
arm'd  car.o.s,  up  the  neighl.ouring  rivers ; 
and  once  forcM  the  king  Wi  Bigib^i  to  tuke 
(helter  in  the  thiekift  of  the  lorefls  in  his 
country,  to  avoid  their  fury  •,  whillt  they 
cairy'ii  off  great  numbers  of  his  fub- 
Jetts,  and  others  of  the  adjacent  countries. 

Each  of  thefe  Bff>  iflands  has  its  parti- c7ox»>„. 
ciilar  prince,  or  commander  in  chkf,  but""«/. 
all  of  tliem  luiordinatc  to  the  king  of  the 
Jni's,  who  commonly  refides  in  Ilha  Fer- 
mojii,  or  the  beaurileil  in..n,t,  and  is  rtiled 
the  (.Jreiit  Kirg.  Thefe  Backi  offer  up  in 
lacrifice  to  their  idols,  bullocks,  capons,  and 
kids. 

It  will  not  be  improper  in  this  pi  ice  tOQ,,,,-,  „ 
infcrt  the  courfe  the  Irnub  (leer  from  G:.e>ce[*tl.' 
to  the  Biffs.  From  Goetec  they  ft.intl  SS  \L. 
to  cape  St.  Mtrv,  of  the  river  Cui/ib^a, 
being  twinty  fix  leagues,  but  takirg  lome- 
what  to  Ibuthwird,  to  avoiil  PiiiUci  S.rcrtn. 
From  cape  i>t.  Ma'-y  they  fleer  fouth,  along 
the  fliore,  in  eight  fathom  water,  ouiy 
ground,  for  twenty-one  leagues,  to  cape 
Si.  /Initi',  the  coafl  there  lying  north  and 
fouth.  This  cape  St.  Jiii:e  at  a  iliilance 
(liows  like  high  land,  but  ib  low  when 
n?ar. 

Ten  leagues  S  F..  from  cape  Rcxo^  the  Ti,„t 
coafl  forms  three  points,  which  as  you/w" 
come  froin  the  faid  cape,  look  like  ifianils, 
there  being  fix  or  feven  fathom  water  in  the 
channel  between  them.  When  thofe  three 
points  are  brought  to  bear  N  i'l.  they  bear 
up  towards  them  till  within  the  dillaiice  of 
about  a  league,  to  avoid  filling  off  to  the 
SW.  on  the  idand  Carache ;  after  which, thc7 

Ucer 


Cm 


Car.irhe 


,i 

t 
i 

i 
1 

I 

i; 
a 

. 

S 
w 

. 

C.I 

1 

th 

1 

le 

a 

ca 

ve 
Je. 

/ 

be 

fi 

//7«H,/>1l?     P„ 

Ojillllus.      Q  1 

1 

the 
Sf. 

ri 

do 
the 

an.l 

veil 

tiele 

twc 

the 

the 

cho 

SorriTcri         'l\ 

ijuij. 

ed, 
grea 

l)erf( 

Any 

T 

T     ,■ 

■  5 

a  trt 

3 

peop 

' 

boLin 

; 

men 

Tl 

'■i 

are  i 

Sarq:' 

Vo 

k1. 


»oo 

\(le 

let, 
h.'ir 
yof 
[(cn 

""'* 
u'.ch 
"onic 

11-  ot 

1  lor 

yn- 

i)cr» 
iht-fe 


ife   of  Armi  ani 
/«)•<  A- ..»""■ 

uuriil 
iiUts, 

L'  ton- 

i  with 

!  inile- 

I'lcri'd 

inuring 

-.  ilicin 

incf. 

n  tli<ir 

rivers  a 

o  t;ike 

5  in  Ills 

ll  they 

is    iub- 

intrics. 

s  narti-  Coxttn- 

itf,  hut  ""'•'• 

of  the 
i)a  h'er- 
:.  ttilcd 
up  in 
ms,  and 

d1  ICC  to  c«„,  i  „ 

G:,e>i:e(*U. 
LiSSE. 

(ome- 

6'.  rcria. 

11,  along 

|r,  oiizy 

^o  ta[JC 
rth  and 
liliOancc 
when 

|X0,    theT(;r« 

as   yoiip""' 

ifl.'.mlb. 
It  in  the 
Ife  ttucc 
ley  bear 

a nee  of 
■i'  to  the 

ftcer 


Chap.  io.  ofKigrxtia,  or  North-Guinea. 


S0 


\ 


fterrSE.  or  F.SF,.  at  about  ,i  liaRuc,  or 
foiivwhat  more  ilillancc  from  the  Ihore. 
Carirhe  'V\\r  id  mil  Cifiirbi-  is  fccii  from  thir  thrci' 
IjU'iJ.  points  atorefaiil.  Ahnolk  in  the  miillt  of 
the  ch.innel,  between  the  continent  anil 
Ctira.bi,  is  .1  li.l^e  of  rocks  1  but  tlic  lar- 
board llde  mull  be  kept  towarils  tiic  con- 
tinent, Hill  l<)unihni^  in  fix,  Icven,  cigiit, 
and  nine  fatiiom  water. 

From  tile  faid  three  points,  the  courfe 
is  S  1'..  for  (even  leagues,  to  point  Bujlw 
wliieh  runs  far  out  into  liie  U\\.  \-xom  point 
hi'lf'!  to  that  of  Gu\ambeMi  \i  S  l'..  in  from 
twelve  to  fifteen  fithom,  with  f^ood  an- 
chorinjj,  every  where.  'I'liis  point  ot  iUisam  ■ 
b,:uu  is  not  fo  foul  as  tiiat  o'i  liiiffu 

The  tides  in  thefc  parts  run  nine  hours, 
at  two  leagues  diftance  of  the  laml,  and 
are  to  be  nicely  oblcrved  i  but  efpecially 
that  wliiih  comes  out  of  a  Imall  river  near 
Biifi  point,  there  being  three  little  low 
ifiands  at  t!ie  mouiii  of  it,  where  Ibme  fliii's 
hive  run  a-ground,  notwitiiiVanding  tiiere 
is  eighteen  fathom  water  in  Ibme  places,  at 
a  linall  ilillance  from  them. 

From  CiKsiimbeati  point  is  feen  that  of 
St.  M.irtiii,  lying  eight  leagues  to  the  eaif- 
ward  i  as  alio  the  '\([.\nd  Ctiracbf,  with  that 
call'd  the  little  Papii^ay,  reckoneil  one  of 
the  liijfos.  There  is  no  coming  within  a 
league  of  the  Papngay  ifland,  by  reafon  of 
a  bank  of  land  near  it,  and  ftretching  out 
call  and  wefb.  St.  Martin's  point  is  alio 
very  foul,  for  a  league  out  at  fca.  At  a 
league  diltance  from  point  St.  Martin,  may 
be  Icen  an  ifiand  once  as  big  as  that  call'd 
//?4H./;1i!  Pii\!ir,t\,  known  by  the  name  of  Ilh.i  das 
ualiiihas.  c.7/;'//i.M,  or  the  ifiand  of  hens,  lying  near 
the  main  lantl  of  Bjfcs.  The  tourle  from 
St.  Marliii's  jKiint  to  that  ifiand  is  N  F. 
The  name  was  given  it  by  the  Poriiini/cJ} 
from  tlie  valf  multitude  of  Pintado  hens 
there   is  on  it. 

There  is  a  paflTige  between  iliis  ifiand 
and  the  continent,  but  not  fate,  becaufe 
vellels  may  be  drove  afiiore  by  the  firong 
tides ;  and  therefore  it  is  better  to  pals  be- 
tween the  ifiand  duiGaliiihas,  and  that  of 
the  Ibrcerers,  bearing  SF..from  the  road  of 
the  town  of  BiJJo!,  and  fo  come  to  an  an- 
chor at  Bijfos  in  feven  fathom  water. 
.sorfLTcri  This  ifiand  of  Sorcerers  is  all  over  wood- 
</?W.  tci^  ,^nd  appointed  by  the  natives  for  a 
great  facrifice,  which  the  king  of  the  BiJfos 
performs  there  in  perfon  every  two  years. 
Any  fiiip  may  fafely  ride  at  anchor  near  it. 
The  ifianders  of  Caracbe  and  Capzu  are 
a  treacherous,  and  confequently  a  )ealous 
people,  perpetua'Iy  at  war  with  their  neigh- 
bours. Their  king  is  one  of  the  tallett 
men  that  can  be  feen. 

The  iflinds  between  C.'r.'cbe  and  Ca'egu 
are  inh.i  uted  -,  but   thofe  of  P.j/./^.y'and 
Sarqs't's  are  not,  but  all  over  wooded. 
Vol.  V. 


The  ifiand  Capgu  is  about  fix  leagues  inBARnori 
compafs  1  on  the  foutli-fiJc  of  it  is  a  con-  "^y^ 
vcnient  watering-pLue,    and   the  water  is'"''-'*'' 
frefii  and    good.     The  natives  of  it,    iho'''^      ' 
not  fo  bold  as  the  other  ifianders,  yet   tor 
profit  make  incurfions  into  the  neighbour- 
ing countries,   to  take  flaves,  whom  they 
fell  to  the  Europeans. 

The  great  Pdiube's  tree  is  in  the  midfi  ofsirtntt 
the  illand,  being  an  .  vergrecn,  from  whole""' 
leaves  they  lay  water  is  continually  ilrop- 
ping,  as  has  been  long  reported  of  fucli 
another  tree  in  the  ifiand  /'ir/o,  one  ot 
the  Canaries  ;  but  tiiis  lall  has  been  dil- 
proveil  by  ail  j'erfons  who  have  been  on 
tiiofe  ifiaiids.  I'lie  Bhuks  adorn  this  tree 
with  abund.uice  ol' polirti'd  horns  i  and  it 
is  a  high  crime  for  any  man  to  do  the 
leall  hurt  to  i'  The  petty  king  of  the 
ifiand  keeps  lome  elepiiants  tor  his  pleafure, 
in  a  p.irk  m.ule  to  that  end. 

Having  direrted  tiie  courfe  to  the  Biijfd^, 
I  will  now  add  the  courfe  to  depart  thence 
with  the  fame  fafety,  when  bound  for  the 
IFejl- Indies.,  or  liir  i.uropi'. 

'rhismult  Ik- done  by  tiding  it,  for  at  every  c»«r/f 
turn  of  the  tide,  the  lliip  is  to  come  to  an/"™  '*' 
anchor  •,   one  tiile   carrying  her  from  the'*'"'"' 
raid  of  BiJ'os  to  St.  Mariin'i  point ;  an- 
other from  thence  to  point  Guyambeau  ;  a 
third  from  this  to  that  ot  Bnjfy  ;  and  a  fourth 
from  Biiffy  to  the  three  ifiands,  or  three 
points.        ne  tide  fets  N  W  and  S  E.  and 
fpecialcari.  null  be  taken  to  give  each  cape, 
point,  or  bank,  a  fufficient  berth. 

When  you  h.ave  brought  the  tiiree  points 
to  bear  N  F.  or  N  K  by  E.  then  fteer 
awayWNW.  boldly,  by  which  means 
you  will  clear  the  banks  ofCaiacbr,  tiio' 
they  run  eigiiteen  or  twenty  leagues  out 
to  lea,  keeping  in  feven,  eight,  and  nine 
fathom  water,  till  you  come  into  fittecn. 
If  you  defign  for  the  li^eft-huV.es,  fiiape 
your  courie  due  welt,  as  loon  as  you  lofe 
figiit  ot  Cava  h:  ;  but  if  you  are  bound 
for  Europe,  fteer  W  N  W. 

The  tides  oui  at  fea,  fomewhat  diftant 
from  thefe  ifiands,  fet  S  W.  At  the  be- 
ginning of  A/rty.  when  the  fun  is  there  in 
the  y.emtb,  the  wind  being  generally  at 
north,   you  may  fteer  W  N  W. 

Rio  Grande,  generally  believ'd  by  all  Rio 
travellers  to  be  one  of  the  fix  known  bran-  ^nnJe, 
ches  which  convey  the  Niger  into  the  Atlan- 
tiikaccAn,  and  the  molt  Ibutherly  of  them, 
is  lb  little  frequented  by  Europeans,  except 
fome  few  Portuguefe,  that  there  can  be 
no  particular  and  exaft  defcripiion  of  it 
given.  All  we  know  in  general  is  that 
the  mouth  is  very  wide,  and  reaches  tar  up 
into  the  country.  The  main  reafon  why 
fo  little  known  to  fea-faring  people,  is  its 
being  inhabited  l:i  both  fides  by  wild,  fa- 
vage  Blacks,  little  acquainted  with  trade, 
A  a  who 


i 


'-^m 


90 


A  Defer ipt ion  of  the  Coafls  Book  I. 


Cha 


fi-niolj 
ijl.inJ. 


(Uwiiiir  wlio  h.ire  often  inl'iilrcil  fiu  li  as  li.ive  Utit 
^^V^^  (orifil  lo  jnit  in  tliin-,  liilur  lor  want  of 
prDVifions,  or  I'omr  o'hcr  aa iJciit,  Hdi  k-<, 
the  ti'l^  run^  (Hit  txtrcnuly  rapi'l,  ai  I  ihc 
ffitraniT  is  much  rncuinHcrM  with  Liiuli 
ami  Jho.ils  •,  ami  t!u  re  i%  realbn  to  hchcvt- 
th.it  loiiK-  fliiiii  hive  pcrilh'il  there,  ami 
otlK'i-.  bifii  .iliauhiil  l)y  tlie  natives  who 
wear  lon;^  collars  ol  oM  ropes  ulwiit  their 
neiks,  wiiii'h  ii  is  liktlv  they  hive  luil 
IronHuch  vclFiU  as  have  hem  call  away, 
or  tlity  ha\e  I'luml'  r'l'. 

Svime  hw  I  agues  t'loni  the  fliorc,  to 
th-;  loiithwanl  of  this  river's  mouth,  is  a 
very  line  Hit  :flint!,  ahout  ten  leagues  in 
comiiili  i  aiui  therefore  rallM  l-'cnnra,  that 
ii,  biai.iti'ul  ;  ahoun  lin|^  111  liee,  liut  tlilfi- 
cui'i  olaecel-,  l>y  realbnoltlie  lea's  bre.ik- 
ing  on  its  Uraml,  to  the  v/.  Ilwaril  :  the 
calt-fKl.;  t'avcs  feveral  fmall  ifl  mils,  which 
arc  near  it,  iwul  the  continent  oppofite  to 
them.  It  i>  .1  proper  place  to  be  lupplyM 
wi:h  riee,  liull.)cks,  poultry,  watir  an<l 
fev/rl  ;  hut  the  inhabitants  are  very  ru>lc 
to  llr,iiijj,ers,  i'o  liiat  there  is  no  venturiiij; 
alhor,',  as  1  have  been  inti)rnieil  by  loinc 
French  men  oM'iy  aa]'iiint.ince,  who  have 
been  there  of  late,  in  much  want  ot"  pro- 
vifuins,  when  the  iflanilers  attackM  their 
boat,  and  took  two  ot  their  men,  calling 
lots  to  ilccile  wholi-'  flaves  they  IhouiJ  be: 
but  the  mailer  (jf  the  velTi  1  at  length  pre- 
vailM  with  the  kinij,  who  feeinM  to  be 
foinewha!  lore  civili/.M  than  tiie  rell  of  tiie 
Bid, hi,  to  have  them  nllorM,  after  fending 
fome  goods  for  their  ranfom. 

Their  way  of  caltm^^  lots,  upon  this  oc- 
cafion,  is  fonv  what  remarkable  ;  they  put 
iiro.i  gourd,  or  cup,  as  many  I'mai'  bits  ol 
cloth,  of  Itveral  colours,  as  there  arc  B.acks, 


(Vc  ry  one  of  th'in  (  hufing  his  ( olour.  Thele 
they  Ihake,  and  mix  very  well  •,  and  then 
0111  appoi  ited  lor  the  purpole  ilraws  the 
laid  lots,  by  which  it  is  dei  ulcd  to  whom 
the  (lave  Ihdl  belong,  'i'hii.  done,  they 
perlorm  a  ceremony  on  the  (lave,  thus: 
they  take  a  h  n,  or  pullet,  and  tut  off 
the  head  aiul  both  wings,  whuh  they  tic 
about  his  n.ck,  and  hang  ihf  m.iim'd  boily 
ot  the  Ikm  over  him,  111  huh  manner,  that 
the  blood  may  ilrop  down  on  h:s  he.ul  ,ind 
fict,  by  which  ccn  mony  iluy  pretend  to 
conllituie  him  .1  Have  to  the  perlon  cii 
whoin  the  lot  t<ll 

J'hele  ifl.inders  go  alnioll  nakeil,  wear  T//»(//.iii. 
ingonly  .1  Uiu.ire  piece  ol  bfu  k  Sui:>j'i  lea-'"'- 
ther,  hanging  by  a  thong  or  rope  about 
their  waill,  to  (over  tlu  ir  privy  pirts  ;  as 
alio  a  little  cap,  or  hea<l-baiul,  ot  the  lame 
le.ither,  wh  h  'listuppoled  they  know  how 
to  drel's,  after  the  Sjhinijh  way,  or  ille  it 
is  fold  them  by  the  Puriti^u,;,'  trading  to 
R.o  (iriH  U\  I'hey  h.ive  no  other  we.ipoiis, 
but  bows  .ind  .irrows,  and  long  jivilins, 
,ind  an  lovi  to  isof  br.indy,  iron  bars, knives, 
mulqii  IS,  powder,  and  b.ill ;  all  which  they 
get  trom  the  l'uiopi;in.<,  coiill.intly  trading 
at  the  R:_lfji,  where  they  have  refidences. 
Hence  ir  is  they  arefo.ipttoalfuilt  Itrangers, 
who  t  haiice  to  come  to  tiicir  ifl.iiui  1  becaufu 
when  they  have  got  and  m.ule  any  of  tlicni 
fl  ives,  they  .it  One  time  or  o'her  carry  them 
to  the  Hijfos,  and  there  get  inch  hmoieatt 
goods  as  they  like  tor  iheir  ranlom.  Ti.ele 
lay,  that  the  Hliiiki  iiihabiting  on  the  other 
fide  of  Rio  Ct-a'uh\  are  more  xwld  and  tiuel 
to  llrangers  than  themlelves ;  for  tliey  will 
I'caice  nleali-  a  white  man  upon  ..ny  condi- 
tion whatloever,  but  will  loon  t  or  later 
murder,  and  perhaps  devour  them. 


CHAP.     XI. 

Of  the  rivers  Niger  and  Nile,  the  ancient  and  modern  accounts  of  them 
and  thetr  fonrces.    'The  gold  trade,  andilephunts  teeth. 


IT  will  not,  1  believe,  be  unacceptable 
to  the  reader,  in  this  place,  to  give 
fome  account  of  the  fource  of  the  rivers 
Nile  and  Sigr,  crroncoufly  t.ikeii  for  the 
fame,  and  lo  liitle  known  in  former  ages: 
f(jr  notwithllanding  all  the  indullry  ufed 
to  difeover  the  fprings  of  MA',  whatloi  ver 
the  anJents  writ  concerning  it,  was  either 
abfolutely  falfe,  or  uncertain. 

S''fij!ru  and  Ptolemy  Pbiladel/hus,  kings 
of  E^^ypl,  Camh\fei,  Alexander  the  great, 
Jul'.iii  C.-/i<;  Nero,  and  many  other  mo- 
narchs  fparcd  neither  cod,  nor  labour,  to 
difeover  th  '  courle  of  the  N:!e,  without  any 
fuccels.  Thefe  latter  ages  have  difcovcr'd 
that  III  ret  •,  and  /•'.  P  lii  int'orms  us,  that 
he  found  and  obfcrvcd  it,  in  the  prcfence 


of  the  emperor  of  /HijEnii,  on  the  2  id  of 
,/;•/,  in  ihe  year  lOiSj  but  I  will  firll 
fpeak  of  the  S.ge' . 


N 


•T:  e  Nicer 
mod  tonfiderable  r'vcr  thro.igh- Djffrnj 


TS  the 

■*•  out  the  louniry  of  A'-^',7.  (,  or  the  lanci 
of  the  Blmk  .  i  he  Arid i  M  tl.i'  time  call  it 
Utied  '^iger  ;  .md  fome  take  it  toi  i\v:  A  n.i^a 
o\'  Pirns,  pri  tending  tli.u  the  river  Cmdnn 
is  the  true  channel  which  conveys  it  inttj 
the  ocean,  and  urging,  ihit  the  riv.rs  .SV- 
nrga  and  Grande  are  only  bram  hes  of  the 
Cimh.i.  Others  will  have  Ri'j  (ir.inde  to 
be  the  true  Niger,  and  all  the  others  abovj 
mention'd  only  branches  of  it.  However, 
moll  of  the  ablcft  gcograpiiers  of  this  age, 

.dier 


ppvtfjni 

»i»mii. 


Ciauix     r 
Uki,         ,1 

n 
c. 

b 
/. 
ti 
til 
d( 
or 
an 
ill 
To 
cal 
hi 
S., 
th< 

loll 
out 

cor 

par 
the 
Th, 
Sen, 
roil 
Sen, 
nml 
ol  V 
don, 
vatii 

Xtiirrt  ef         l 
'^■"N.ger.  com 

tend 

the 

gr'l 
cair, 
king 
ing 
runs 
f.ira 
it  fi| 
m.ini 
after 
lake 

as  all 

whii 

Mm 

noiil 

they 

out  a 

of.i; 

the  I 

into 

that 

river, 

Ari^in 

Bliw:,. 

the  th 


0«'/». 


ookI. 

lb 
rn 

111' 
in 
cy 
i»: 
off 
tic 
ay 

iml 
.  to 
on 

H)Ut 
••    -IS 

l»ow 
Ic  ic 
^  tu 

ivcs, 
they 
uling 
nits. 

t.»ulc 
t!u-ni 
thim 

Ti.tli: 
other 

1 1  U'  I 

will 

onili- 
l.ucr 


It/jcrn 


Chap.  1 1.        <Nigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


II IV  of 
lirll 


I  Ij^h-  Diftrtnt 

l.ind  '?,''•'•"" 
:.,11  it''"""- 

into 
Irs  Sf- 
It"  the 

\!e  to 
Lbove 
Itver, 

age, 

.itii-r 


nfter  much  contefting  aboiU  it,  agr'-'c  tint 
thi:  Giimhoii  and  SfHfj^.i  arc  bnnclii.'!*  o\  tlu- 
Ni^er,  p.irtinn  from  it  in  C into-: ,  or  Ciin- 
lor/i,    .1   province   o(  Nii^riiia.      I'his  river 

OumJj     >■""'  '"  •'  '''"'y  ''""'  ^^'^  '•''"^  Si^^i-  m  i,  or 
/4*».        ot'C«rt'''Aiil>eint;  ;i  Imull  Midi/fnanean  \'ca, 
near  one  hiimlri-il  IcinuM   in  Icn^tli  from 
call   ti)  will,   ami  al-.out    filiy    liMi',ius  in 
hrcadth,  north  and  loiith,  in  a  p^raniid.il 
forni,  and  iyiii^;  between    tlic  toarth  and 
the  ninth   iii;;ri'M   ot  lall   lon^itu  I-    from 
thi-  meridian  oi I.nmlon  \  l)'twi-,  n  th-  kin;^', 
iloms  of  /l^aili-z  on  the  north,  ihi'  ot dV'/vr 
on  the  I'oiith,  Ciilj,'i,a  and  lit)  on  tlie  talt, 
and  M'irir.i  on  the  wi'lK      I'liis  M  izura 
lies  to  tin;  foiithward  of  tl<c    kin;-;  lom    ot 
Tom'nii.tiH,  or  Toml/iil  \    and    th'  riv.T  is 
callM  A  J,  or  Se>:,w,<t,  by  the  p-opli-  ot  /I/w- 
/'«/,  as  far  up  c.ilhvard,  a.  the  towns  ot 
S.mj^ii^i,  and  -r/w/^.' or  7,jw/'v,  two  towns, 
the   one  on  the  north,    the  other  0:1   tlv 
loiirlilide  of  the  laid  river :   which,  coming 
out   ot  the   atorelaid   lake,    takes  a   large 
conipals  to  the  northwanl,    ai   tlie   upper 
part  whereol  Hands  the  city  of  Toinhutt  on 
the  north-lide,  and  a  few  miles  up  the  land. 
'I'lie  town  ol  C.nbrtt  is  on  the  li  ink  ot  tlie 
Seiif^a,  aliout  fixty  kM,^ues  call    tVoin  the 
rocks,  whicli  make   a  lall  in  the  laid  river 
Scnr^ii,  near  tiic  towns  ot  da  ami,  Guui  v, 
and  Boromnn,   lying  in  about  two  itcgrees 
of  well  longitude  from  the  in.iidian  ot  /,nn- 
doh,  according  to  the  molt  correct  ot)lcr- 
various  of  thefe  latter  times. 
sm'ft  ef      'I'hi-  fource  ol  the  -Viijiv  has  been  much 
lirNiger.  contended  about  in  f)imer  ages;  l()mc  pre- 
tendin[',  it  was  in  a  I  ike,  to  the  eathvaril  of 
the  defarts  of  Sii,  or  .SV>/.     Modern  g' o- 
grapherswiil  have  it  to  come  out  of  a  lake, 
call'd  tiie  II  a  (•  Lit{i;  on  the  borders  of  tlie 
kingdoms  of  M  luira  and  ltii!rj::c,  ad|oin- 
ing  to  A'i\'W//(»  and  Ahijiinia  \  and  .itrimi   11 
runs  thence  through  the  kingdoms  ol'  liit- 
j.tid  md  \'i'b:a  wtllward,  to  a  pl.u e  wIkti- 
it  links  under  ground,  and    runs   in    that 
manner   for   eighteen  or    twenty    leagues, 
after  wliich  it  nils  again  to  form  tiie  great 
lake  of  liorni-o,  on  tlie    frontiers  ot  duau- 
Oic'ir.      ^M'"'',   B:nl\tt\i,   Citjfin.i,  /ei;2i-g  and  C.ino  ; 
as  alto  the  vail  lake  ot'  .S'j'^,y//;;t,  or  (i^'.inl.u 
which  waters   on  the  loutli,    the  lands  ot 
Md'iJingfi,  Ciiibcr    and  Ciain,    and  on    the 
north,  thole  ot  /l\^adc-z  and  Cni:c.     'Mienre 
tiuy  liippole  it  runs  from  call  to  well,  with- 
out any  iiucrription,  between  tlie  kingdoms 
of  Melii   ami  iomiui,   to  the  pla(c  called 
the  fdl,    above  Cavtazi,  where    it  liivides 
into  feven  brandies.     Tlic  firll  of  tiiem  is 
that  call'd  J<;o  d/>  San  "joao,    or  &t.  Joljn\ 
river,    filling  into   the  fea,  in   the  bay  of 
jlijiiiu,  at  a  place  named  -Tajfin,  near  cape 
hldiLo  ;  ttie  lecond  is  the  true  Sf/ieq^i  river  1 
the  third  tiic  Gamboa  ;  the  fourth  i'^n/s  Dv 


min<;o,  or  the  river  of  St.  D'Minidt  \  thenA'umT. 
iiiin  Kimlr.iHiL;  or  the  great  rivrr,  from  ^■^V^'' 
which  Hows  the  Ciitiinih,  being  the  fixth 
mouth,  and  the'  fiivib,i  tin:  levcnth.  Ncver- 
tlklels,  lome  ot  the  moll  correct  account! 
of  this  time,  teem  to  miilrull  this  account, 
as  il  Ctiimbut,  S.mlo  Dimvi^n,  Uv)  (Irande, 
(hiinila  and  Riguba  rivers,  did  not  proceed 
tri>m  the  liU,  or  .V  «/•(;.<  river,  which  is  the 
ttirect  tjranci,  or  pirt  t)t  tlie  .V(i;iv,  at  itt 
coining  out  ot  the  Like  Sig  i'm.j,  or  dinnli, 
as  h.is  been  laid  aliovc.  I'hcy  oblerve,  that 
at  a  place  call'd  li  ij'j;if  ,1q:i:b.h.i,  the  great 
river  i'v;-^H«  divides  itfli,  lorming  a  very 
large  llreain,  called  the  bl.iek  river,  as  the 
/.( is  there  alii;  called  tm:  white  river;  which 
gliding  along  to  the  S  W.  tor  about  (wxf 
leagues,  ends  in  a  I  ike  call'd  the  great  i  ike 
ill  in'.'  coaniiy  ot  .l/.i;,/. v^i.'.  No!  ih)  tlv.y 
lay  any  tiling  more  politive  coiicerninj;  the 
Ipnngs  ut  Cidmbnt^S.i.i'Domi'j;!,  and  the 
oilier  river:,  above  mtntioncd. 

'I'lr.  .irribi.i'i  ge>grai'h;rs  pretend,  t\v.\f  ctfinwu  ff 
t!ie  Nigifi-  i'.  I>ut  a  I'ranvh  ot  the  i\iU  inn. 
'■.W'  ^^''"-h  .ililcoiiLliiit'  uii  ier  ground, 
tiles  .igain  by  tlie  name  ol  liie  A/^e-.  'I'lie 
,i',",//;j  ot  .\ii,Hu'i:i  call  tir.ni  borii  by  th'j 
laiiic  name  of  Nilt' ;  but  lordillinciion  lake, 
the  one  tile  A'(/.'  of  t^ypi,  IM  otiier  tlic 
;Vi/f  ot  Nigriii.t.  There  arc  others  ot  this 
fame  opiiion,  that  the  A/Ze-and  the  A'/gtr 
proceed  tiutii  from  the  tir.K  foaicc,  bccaufe 
taey  boili  pruduee  the  lame  Tpjeics  of  ani- 
m.iis  and  mo,,ll.rs,  ami  ov>.rllow  at  the 
lime  time  ;  and,  /'/;//,  lays,  tlie  antients 
were  ot  iliis  opir.ion,  all  dginj^lor  a  futher 
proot,  bcii  le,  what  ha.  In.,  11  laid,  tiiat  the* 
j^'iio;  as  well  as.  tiie  A,/  ,  pi  >  !iKes  a  Ibrt 
oi'  raft,-;,  maile  ufe  ot  by  the  i.ij.y  f.ii'h 
inll.ad  ot  p..per  to  write  on,  and  tlie  plant 

'I'll.!  new  tranfl.ition  of  the  /,.'/,');  liidory 
ot  ti,.'i'i/"ii,  wiiaeii  by  /,.'</v.'^  /.i:i.',  illuilrates 
tlule  l.ilt  ineiition'd  o(>inioiis,  wita  me  liil'- 
coverics  made  in  liii^  pretent  age,  of  which 
he  fficaks  to  tliis  elfect. 

I'he  j\i/t;  fiys  he,  proceeds  from  two .^,.«r (■»<./ 
deep  round  Ipnngs,  or  luantains,  in  tlicNif- 
plain  call'd  6'e.  .</,  on  the  top  ot  t.ie  moun- 
tain hnj^.i,  iii.i  piovinre  of  the  kingdom  of 
(J  J, nil,  call'd  ,S'.i/'./. (I,  orStbua,  01  ih-.- em- 
pire of  .■louiiiii,!,  in  twelve  degree.-,  of  north 
latiuide,  and  lixiy  of  t  ill  longitude.  The 
inhabitants  ot  that  country  are  c.ll'd  ./ga::<, 
and  ,i!c  fch.ifmaiicks;  tlie  place  where  tho 
A'/.V  fprings,  bears  the  n.tine  of  y!g.i:.',  adds 
KirJ.hr, 

Tiiefe  two  fountains  overflowing,  form  a 
rivulet,  running  full  tov.irds  the  eafl,  and 
then  loudiwari.1,  whence  it  winds  again  to  the 
northwaal,  tlirough  feveral  lakes,  rolling 
along  the  right  ol  .ibij/iiii.i,  its  native  coun  ■ 
try  i  where  it  is  call'd  Abanni,   Abaui,  or 

Abnvif 


>3 


.      li' 


i 


^'I'^Ml 


\m 


^  '.hi: 


'^ 


J''-*'H 


'IT 


% 


If 


f 


P2: 


A  Defcription  of  the  Coafis 


Book  I. 


Bakbot.  v^/i/;i;/,  that  is,  the  father  of  tlie  waters,  tra- 
^•^V"^  verfing  tlie  kingdom  of  Sciior,  and  at  lall, 
c  'ming  into  the  land  of  De>if,ula,  at  the 
foot  of  a  mountain  divides  itfelf  into  two 
branches,  wiiereof  that  on  the  left  takes  the 
name  of  Ni^n- ;  and  having  turn'd  again  to 
the  fouthward,  runs  clear  away  well  into 
Nigritia,  and  fo  through  it  to  the  ocean 
ne;ir  Eliv.ib.  The  other  branch  on  the  right, 
which  carries  the  greater  quantity  of  water, 
continues  its  courle  through  Niihia,  towards 
the  north,  and  fo  tiirough  Egypt,  which  is 
fcrtilizM  by  its  overflowing  into  the  MfJi- 
ten  iiW'in. 

Ludo'fiis  endeavours  to  back  this  alTer- 
tion,  by  tiie  natural  properties  of  the  waters 
of  tlv;  N:ger,  and  of  the  Nik,  whicli  yearly 
overflow  at  the  fame  time  in  June  and  Jn'y, 
by  reafon  of  the  violent  rains  then  falHng 
in  the  province  oiGojam,  where  tlie  fprings 
are,  as  has  been  faid.  However,  all  thele 
arc  no  better  than  chimaeras  of  Ludolfus, 
wlio  never  was  himfelf  near  Ethiopia,  and 
took  moll  of  his  notions  from  one  Gn-gory, 
a  native  of  tiiat  couutry,  who  knew  little 
or  nothing  of  geography,  and  could  give 
but  very  imperfeft  accounts  of  things  ;  and 
tho'  he  often  quotes  F.  Baltafiir  Telkz,  who 
coileifted  ail  the  relations  of  the  learned 
Jefttits,  who  travcil'd  throughout  Miffmia, 
and  obferv'd  all  things  of  note,  like  judi- 
cious travellers,  and  every  way  qualify'd, 
yet  he  rather  chufts  to  rely  upon  the  im- 
perfedt  and  uncertain  tales  of  a  perfon  no 
way  fit  to  make  thofcobfervations,  than  on 
the  others,  who  ha<l  the  proper  talent,  and 
maiic  it  their  bufimMs  to  difiover  the  fource 
ar.d  courfe  of  the  Nile.  I  (hall  litre  inferr 
uiiat  thofe  jefuits,  wiio  were  eye-witncfles 
ot"  wliat  they  deliver,  fay  of  the  Nile. 

The  Nile. 

A  I  .moll  in  the  midll  of  the  kingdom  of 
Gojam,  in  Abiffmia,  and  in  twelve  de- 
grees latitude,  is  a  country  they  call  Saca- 
I.Hi'-a,  inliabited  by  a  pL-oi)le  known  by  the 
name  ni  Jg.ius,  moll  ot  them  heathens, 
and  fome  who  at  prefent  only  retain  the 
name  of  chriflians.  This  country  is  moun- 
tainous, as  are  mod  parts  of  Ethiopia. 
Among  tlufe  mountains  is  a  ipot  of  plain, 
not  very  level,  about  a  mile  in  extent,  and 
in  the  midH  of  it,  about  a  (tone's  throw 
over.  This  lake  is  full  of  a  fort  of  little 
trees,  whole  roots  arc  fo  interwoven,  that 
walkmg  on  thein  in  tiie  fuinmer,  men  come 
to  two  I'prings,  aimoll  a  Hone's  throw  afun- 
der,  where  the  water  is  clear  and  very  deep  i 
and  from  them  the  water  gullnes  out  two 
fever.)  1  ways  into  the  lake,  whence  it  runs 
under  ground,  yet  fo  as  its  courfe  may  be 
diicern'il  by  the  green  grals,  gliding  firll 
to  the  eaftward  about  a  mufliet-fhot,  and 
then  turns  towards  the  north.    About  half 


^currt  of 
the  Nile. 


a  league  from  the  fource,  the  water  begins 
to  appear  upon  the  land  in  fuch  quantity, 
as  makes  a  confiderable  llrcam,  and  then 
prcfently  is  join'd  by  others ;  and  having 
run  about  fifteen  leagues,  including  all  its 
windings,  receives  a  river  greater  than  itfelf 
call'd  Gema,  which  there  lofcs  its  name, 
and  a  little  farther  two  others,  call'd  K,:hy 
and  Brant^ ;  and  clofe  by,  is  the  firfl  lall, 
or  catarail.  Tlience  it  flows  almoil  call, 
and  at  about  twenty  leagues  in  a  rtrait  line 
from  its  fource,  crolTes  the  great  l.ike  of 
Dambea,  without  ever  mixing  their  waters. 
Running  hence,  it  almoft  enclofes  the  king- 
dom of  Dambeii,  like  a  fnake  turn'd  round, 
and  not  clofing,  o'-  rather  like  a  horfe-flioe. 
Many  great  rivers  fall  into  it,  as  the  Ga- 
mara,  the  Abca,  the  Bayxo,  the  /Iiiqiier, 
and  others.  As  foon  as  the  Nile  is  out  of 
the  lake  of  Damhen,  above  mention'd,  its 
ftrcam  runs  almoil  direiflly  fouth-eall,  paf- 
fing  by  tlie  kingdoms  of  BrgnnteJer,  Jma- 
hara  and  O'eia,  then  turns  toward  the  fouili, 
and  again  winds  to  the  weft,  north-wtil, 
and  north,  piercing  into  the  countries 
of  the  Gan'^as  and  Cnfrei,  thofe  of  Fnf- 
calo,  the  Ballous  and  the  Funclos,  being 
the  fame  as  Nubia,   and  fo  glides  on  to 

Here  is  in  a  few  words  the  exaft  ac- 
count of  thofe  perfons,  who  actually  fur- 
vey'd  the  Nile,  and  who  confute  the  millakea 
of  others  that  had  writ  only  upon  hearfay, 
without  any  mention  of  a  branch  rui.ning 
from  it  to  the  wtftward  ;  nay,  lb  far  from 
it,  that  thefe  {)erlon',  writing  upon  the 
Ipor,  do  pofitivtiy  affirm  there  is  no  fuch 
river  as  the  A'igcr  any  where  near  Ethiopia, 
much  k'fs  flowing  from  the  A'..V,  which 
they  fhow  by  their  map  and  ckitj  ipt.oti 
runs  entire  into  Egy/t.  Thr.s  we  fee  all 
the  notions  of  Ludo'fiis  are  frivolous,  and 
theufore  we  fliall  leave  him  to  feek  for  the 
fource  of  the  A'l'.V  upon  Ixttir  authoriiy. 

The  moll  cornel    obfervations   of  oiir^""'""' 
times  place  the  fprings  of  the  A';ifir  in  the "f '',/''"■ 
kingdom  of  Mn'ia,    near  a    tov.'n   call'd  NiJ', 
Median,  ftandingon  tiie  laid  river,  in  twenty- 
three  degrees  of  call  longitude,  from  the 
meridian  of  Z.o«i/ij;,  and  in  nine  degrees  of 
north   latitude.     The    fiver    there    comes 
down  from    fome  mountains,  about  forty 
leagues  to  the  ealhvard  of  AlcJi.i,:,  and  laid 
to  abound  in  emeralds.      They  inform  us, 
the  Niger  runs  from  Median  weftward,  by 
the  name  ot  Gambunt  or  Camodeou,  from 
its  firll  rife   to   the  Vikc  oi  Br.rnoti,  in  the 
kingdom  ot  the  fame  name ;    and   at  its 
coming  out  of  that  lake,  takes  the  name 
of  Niger;  tlie  city  Bor>wii,  the  only  one  in 
that  kingdom,    ilanding  on  the  banks  of 
it,  about  twenty  leagues  will  to  the  kike. 
Holding  on  its  courle   from  thence  wcll- 
ward  through  the  kingdoms  of  Ziiuf'ir.i,  or 

Phantn, 


Gild 
Iradt. 


I 


Conjl  inly 

f'H\»tnt(d     m       a,;(, 

ot  dierr 


^OOK  I. 


Chap.  12.  of  Nigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


n 


'ty. 

:hfii 

its 
tfclf 
line, 

K.:hy 
hll, 
c;lft, 

line 
e  ot 
tors. 
,ing- 
und, 
flioe. 

Grt- 
quer, 
uc  of 
1,  its 

Ima- 
[)iu!i, 
wcil:, 
ntries 
Fnf- 
being 
3n  to 

I  ac- 
r  fur- 
llake9 
.irfay, 

ii.ning 

1  from 

the 

fiich 

iopia. 


Av 


;iOti 

.ill 
aiul 

ihe 

Qjlp  Triielinrri 
.1      ar.J  coitri't 

MllVi  Ni(;iT. 
LMUy- 

tl'iC 
L'S  of 

oiiies 
forty 
'  r.iid 
us, 

.  by 

rom 
the 

t  its 

:iine 
ne  in 

is  of 

Kike. 

,vcft- 

!,  or 


Ctid 

Irtit. 


Pbaran  and  Ovangara,  a  country  on  the 
fouth-fide  of  it,  abounding  in  gold,  fena, 
and  flaves  •,  it  again  ftagnatcs  in  the  great 
lake  of  Sigefmes,  or  Guarda,  in  eight  de- 
grees, thirty  minutes  longitude,  from  the 
meridian  of  London,  between  the  two  towns 
of  Ghana,  built  on  either  fide  of  it,  near 
the  lake,  and  in  twelve  degrees,  thirty 
minutes  of  north  latitude.  Having  thus 
run  through  the  lake,  which,  as  has  been 
before  obferv'd,  is  near  one  hundred  leagues 
in  length,  from  eaft  to  weft,  it  continues 
its  courfc  to  tlic  weftward,  by  the  name  of 
lea,  or  Senega,  as  above. 

It  would  not  have  been  improper  in  this 
place,  to  have  given  an  account  ot  the 
manner  how  gold  is  taken  out  of  tiie  rivers 
or  mines,  fince  the  Niger  affords  fo  much 
of  that  precious  metal,  and  there  arc  ib 
many  mines  in  the  feveral  countries  it  runs 
through  ;  but  that  I  reltrrve  it,  till  I  come 
to  treat  of  that  part  of  Gw/hm,  call'd  the 
Gold  Coaft.  I  (hall  therefore  at  pref  nt  only 
fay  in  general,  that  the  gold  is  either  dug 
out  of  the  earrh  in  many  parts  of  this  coun- 
try which  produce  it,  or  elfe  wafli'd  down 
by  the  prodigious  heavy  rains  which  fall, 
for  three  months,  with  little  or  no  inter- 
mifiion,  on  the  vaft  hills  and  mountains  of 
J^igritia,  on  both  fides  of  the  Niger,  where 
the  exceflive  heat  of  the  fun  produces  great 
plenty  of  gold.  The  fmalleft  of  it,  call'd 
gold-duft,  is  carry'd  down  by  the  floods 
into  the  Niger,  and  there  taken  out  of  the 
channel  among  the  fand. 

A  Portiiguefe,  who  had  been  a  flave 
eighteen  years  among  the  Moors  inhabiting 
a  country  near  that  river,  has  afiur'd  me, 
that  gold  is  fo  common  there,  as  to  be  put 
to  the  meanclt  ufes,  and  not  fo  much  va- 
lued as  iron,  weight  for  weight.  This  makes 
good  what  Sir  Thomas  More  fays  in  his 
Utofia,  that  iron  is  preferable  to  gold,  as 
more  proper  for  all  ufes,  ;//  Jine  quo,  non 
magis  quain  fine  igne,  atque  aqua,  viverc  mor- 
talis  queant. 

About  two  hundred  years  ago,  the  fa- 
mous place  for  the  gold  trade  was  cape 
Veide,  and  the  adjacent  parts ;  it  being 
brought  down  thither  by  the  Moors  irom 


the  countries  on  the  fouth  of  the  Niger,  ssBarjiot. 
Mandihga,  8fc.  to  trade  with  the  £arii- V^'V'-' 
peans :  but  ever  fincc  the  Porluguefe  fettled 
their  chief  place  of  tr.ide  at  .Wi/w,  m  South 
Guinea,  the  current  is  diverted  that  way, 
it  being  more  convenient  for  the  Moors  to 
carry  it  towards  the  gold  coaft,  as  they  have 
ever  fince  continu'd  to  do,  notwithftanding 
all  the  endeavours  ufed  by  the  French  at 
Senega  to  bring  it  back  that  w.iy  as  it 
was  before,  believing  it  would  favc  them 
much  trouble  and  charge  ;  Cabo  l^erde  h:- 
ing  fo  much  nearer  to  France  than  the  gold 
coart. 

To  concluc'',  with  the  defcription  of  the 
Niger :  It  is  reported  of  the  countries  bor- 
dering on  that  river,  that  they  br-td  an 
incredible  number  of  elephants,  as  do  Jhif- 
finia,  A/onomolapii  antl  Ztnguebar,  where  thofc 
creatures  range  about  in  mighty  litrtls,  do- 
ing much  millhiif  to  rh':  woods  and  pl.m- 
taiions  1  but  fupply  them  with  fucii  cjiian- 
titics  of  teedi,  th.it  they  fence  and  p.illiiade 
their  towns  and  villages  wich  them,  as  the 
Portuguefe  flave  above  mentioned  h.is  af- 
firmed; belidcs  the  confiderable  nuinbcrsof 
them  the  Blacks  carry  down  to  the  fea- 
coafts  of  Nigrilia  and  S.uth  Guinea,  to  traf- 
fick  with  the  Europeans ;  but  inoftly  at  the 
firft  of  thofe  places,  for  ivory  grows  daily 
fcarcer  in  Sculb  Guinea. 

The  elephants  teeth  are  moft  of  them  lUphanti 
pick'd  up  in  the  woods  and  forcfts,  where""*, 
tiiofe  creatures  ufually  keep  }  but  many  of 
them  are  alfo  kill'd  by  the  Moors  and 
Blacks,  for  the  fake  of  their  teeth.  How- 
ever, the  elephants  eitiicr  caft  their  teeth, 
as  Hags  do  thoir  horns,  or  tile  they  are 
found  after  they  are  dead,  and  their  bodies 
confumed. 

I  have  met  with  a  perfon  of  learning, 
who  thinks  it  a  vulgar  error  to  call  them 
teeth  ;  fince  it  is  beyond  difpute,  that  they 
grow  out  from  the  (kull  of  i  he  beaft,  and 
not  from  the  j.iws,  and  that  only  the 
males  have  them,  which  do  not  ferve  to 
eat  with  ;  and  therefore  he  thinks  it  would 
be  proper  to  call  them  elephants  hornj, 
or  weapons. 


CHAP.     XII. 

The  reft  of  the  coafty  as  far  as  Sierra  Lcona ;  Rio  das  Pedras,  and  others.  Tht 

ijlands  dos  Idoios,  &c. 


Cauft  only  T  L^ft  the  defcriptlon  of  the  coaft  of  Ni 
friryitnitJ  J[    ^yjtia  at  Rio  Grande  and  Biguba. 


h  Por- 
tui;actc, 


The 

tra(5l  of  land  between  this  river  and  that 

of  Sierra  I.eona,  in  ancient  geography  the 

%i>ljucai  ^ihiopes,  affords  little  to  be  faid 

Vol.  V. 


of  it  i  being  frequented  by  none  but  the 
Pnrtuguefe  of  Cacheo,  and  other  adjacent 
colonies  of  that  nation  in  Nigrilia,  driving 
a  coafting  trade  thither  in  fioops  and  barks, 
commencing  at  Ofiuilus,  fouth  oiRio  Grande. 
B  b  Thence 


'M 


tf:l 


5   ,;l  i-l  Ki 


^t 


I. 

.  Hi; 


,i! 


:!|'i 


1 

- 

y^  Defcription  of  the  Coajls 


P4 

Barbot.  Thence  tlu-y  procceil  to  Corva  ik  Cnfp'ir 
>^Y^^  Lope~  i  At.'V'  tk  Nunho  -J'rijlao  ;  'fi  rru  lU 
Botar,  whidi  is  a  large  bay  ;  Coho  I'erga, 
Os  tres  Moiros,  Rio  d.n  PeJr.is,  Rio  d'  Car- 
frtf,  at  the  cnrrance  into  whicli  two  rivers, 
there  are  foine  iflaiuls,  and  the  two  rivers 
meit  at  Hm,  being  before  fep.irateil  only 
by  a  cape,  Rio  <le  C.uhuht-,  Poug^wut,  An^X 
Rio  Cjliim.i.  Thcfe  three  l.ilt  lofe  tlieni- 
felves  in  a  large  bay,  WS  W.  from  wiiieh 
ort"  at  fca,  lie  the  tour  iflamls  (alleil  Idol:', 
Poiitci  lit-  Cnaco,  Mold  ,!.■  'I'rK.io,  Ar^ijU, 
Rio  Pimcirn  ■,  thele  tour  alio  tailing  into 
one  hay,  ami  I'erving  for  a  good  landmark, 
coming  tioni  the  N  W.  a  long  narrow 
itland,  lying  with  tiic  coall,  from  M.ita  ,/,■ 
Tin/i'),  to  the  north  point  of  tiiis  bay  of 
Bitrra  il:  B.i./i:  Next  follows  B.irr.i  </,• 
Coin,  oppolite  to  which  alfo  is  a  long  nar- 
row illaiici  oiV  at  lea  ■,  Rio  ik  CaQs,  or  (,'jyiv;, 
with  anotlur  river  to  the  Ibutheall,  with- 
oiir  a  name,  both  of  them  running  out 
into  a  deep  bay  ;  on  the  fouth  point  of 
wliich,  lies  the  itland  ,lcs  Pap.tgayos,  or  ot 
parrots  ;  and  farther  again  to  the  fouth- 
ward,  cape  Pmtloii,  which  is  the  northern 
head  of  the  bay  of  Sierra  Lconn,  and  the 
farthcft  extent  fouthward  of  the  coall  ot' 
Nigriti/1. 

The  fea-coafl  from  cape  Vcrga,  by  the  an- 
cients calledCrt//i,j;-«OTProwo«/or«/m,tOvS"(>;7\j 
Ltona,  liesSE  by  E.  fomewhat  inclining 
to  the  cart,  as  far  as  cape  Titi^iin.,  which 
is  in  eight  degrees,  thirty -fix  minutes  ot 
north  latitude,  cut  by  (evcral  rivers  which 
fill  into  the  ocean  ;  the  banks  whereof  arc 
very  agreeably  Ihadcd  with  orange  ami 
lemon-trees,  bcfides  being  befer  with  vil- 
lages and  hamlets,  all  whieli  renders  the 
piol'pedt  very  delightful.  Moll  of  the  ri- 
vers are  alio  deep  and  navigable,  but  their 
tlreiins  very  rapid.  The  inland  country 
is  very  mountainous. 

Rio  iiiis  I'fJr.i.',  to  the  fouthward  ot  cape 
rr>c;n,  glides  down  from  a  great  way  up  the 
country,  divided  into  feveral  branches,  form- 
ing divers  iflands  in  this  kind,  which  the  na 
tives  call  Kjgiikaii,  where  the  Poinigiii:]':  \\.v-. 
a  colony,  leciired  by  a  little  tort,  called 
Si.  Phiup. 

Rio  (I:IS  Cti/iis  or  Cafpar,  and  Rio  Toinh.i- 
fiHe^  this  the  leatl  of  the  two,  t1ow  from  the 
mountains  of  Miub.tmaia,  wliich  may  be 
eatily  leen  in  clear  weather,  at  Ibme  le.igues 
dift.incctrom  checoaft,  in  tailing  by,  Hand- 
ing to  the  fouthward  from  cape  Ltdo  or  f./- 
grm. 

It  is  reported,  that  on  or  about  thtfe 
mountains,  Hands  a  high  rock  of  finecrytlal 
ot  a  pyramidal  form,  but  confilling  ot  le- 
ver.d  pyr.imids  one  above  another,  none 
ot  them  tout  lung  the  ground  j  which  if 
lightly  touciicd,  do  give  a  mighty  founJ. 


Book  I 


This  is  Ibme  notion  of  thofe  ignorant  cre- 
dulous people,  fcarccworih  mentioning  any 
otherwile,  than  as  it  tliows  what  Ibme  men 
will  b.-lieve. 

The  tour  iflaiuls,  by  the  Portup;urfi:  cal-  ;;/,,„,;, 
led  llbas  dot  Idolos,  that  is,  ot  idols,  from  lJo;us. 
the  many  they  tbund  on  them,  by  the 
natives  ^eu  iif  vi!iiy,  and  by  others  Tn- 
fihirti,  are  at  a  liiiall  dillance  trom  the 
continent,  near  cape  Camiii-kr>i\  or  S  igriw 
'I'hey  are  tcarce  to  be  difceinM  from  the 
op[H>lue  contintnt  at  N  1''.  by  !•'.  •,  bur  at, 
N  N  H.  they  leem  to  be  at  ,i  [',oih1  dill  uice, 
and  all  over  wooded.  'I'hey  aliord  plenty 
ot  leveral  torts  of  provilions,  ami  very  good 
tobacco,  which  the  Portiigurfe  fetch  in  ex- 
change for  brandy  anil  l.di  ;  both  which 
commotlities  are  highly  v.ilu'd  by  the 
illandcrs,  whoturnitli  t<)r  them,  bcfides  pro- 
vilions,  large  elephants  teeth,  and  gold- 
ilult.  Ttie  n.itives  are  cratty  tieteitfui 
ilealers,  and  will  not  lulVer  any  Dutib  to 
land  on  their  illands,  ever  liuce  that  nation 
tormcrly  kidnapp'd,  or  Hole  away  tome  of 
their  people. 

Ihc  largelf  of  thefc  iflands  lies  cxaftly 
in  nine  decrees,  forty  minutes  of  north- 
latitude,  and  is  higher  than  any  ot  the 
others  •,  we  lail'il  by  them  at  about  live  E>ig' 
lijL  miles  ditfance,  lor  cape  'I'lij^i'in,  found- 
ing all  the  way,  anil  tlruck  Iburteen,  fifteen, 
and  twenty  tathom,  uneven  ground  and 
oir/,y,  mix'd  with  tinall  fliells. 

From  the  iflands  dos  ld:los,  to  the  afore- 
taid  cape  -liifrin,  the  coiirlc  is  molHy  louth, 
a  linall  matter  inclining  to  e.ill. 

'I'herc  is  a  tradition,  that  this  tradl  of 
land,  trom  cape  yfrga,  to  the  north-tide  of 
Sierra  Lcuiui  river,  which  is  the  utmoll  ex- 
tent of  i\'gritia  to  the  Ibuilnvard,  was  tor- 
mcrly lubiett  to  a  king  called  l\itiiiu!,  re- 
liding  up  tlie  inland,  ami  ruling  over  ti-- 
veral  petty  kings  his  v.illals  mv\  tribu- 
taries; among  whom  wcxc  ^Icmjda.,  iirm- 
ferta  and  one  Don  Migtul,  conveitcil  to 
(.hiiltianity,  ami  baptized  by  a  Puriuguefe 
Itl'jit  millioner,  called  Bdrniru,  about  the 
year  1007. 

The  tide  at  lea,  trom  cape  I'tidt-,  to 
that  ot  'lagiih,  along  the  lo.ill  o(  Aigri- 
ii.i,  lets  N  W.  and  6  IL  as  in  the  Biinjb 
channel. 

What  I  am  to  fpeak  of,  in  the  next  place, 
relates  to  tlie  kingdom  ot  Siena  L:oiia, 
where  Guinea,  projierly  lb  cilled,  com- 
mences tome  le.igues  to  the  northward  ol 
that  river  ;  and  tlie  name  t>f  the  oicin  is 
chang'd  trom  that  ot  Atiantick  into  that  ol 
Ethwpiik,  about  cape  'l\igii)i,  according  to 
the  cx.iCtctl  modern  geographers  -,  which 
lall  name  it  retains  as  tar  as  cape  AV_f/o,  in 
i'tACccn  degrees  ol  louth  latitude. 

V\'h.it 


^v.-* 


i  for- 

;,  ic- 
LT  li-- 


tri 


bu- 
•Iii-m- 
rittii    10 

irtiiguffg 
JOUl  tlic 


yAs    to 

|i'  A'/gn- 

Bnlijo 

It  place, 

coin- 


hv.ir 


iKf.m  IS 

tlut  ot 

I  ding  to 

wIulIi 


VVh.it 


i* 


if  ,'ii 


'v  iUn>, 


■■'^''mtil' 


,.  t 


I 


v-:p 


:,ii 


!  .'J 


It.' ' 


/.'/./ :/ya/r  c. 


s^^e^&sSmMm* 


(*?/'<.-   ^IvjiL    d'  J^liriiatfo    at   N.N.E.J.Xc-a 


jgiKj 


J7^  JJ.^  of  Jiunara  a/.-^'ZOoldr  at  hlml.x 


ucs . 

f/^^  ^ 

m^ 

t.-- 

=-•._- 

.JAt 


^^^"i -irf"T  - 


J'^f  Jamd  [Uf"     tHe^Bigilcst  ^sH  C .atE'^ME 


•v^   ^.^^-i 


i'    he  t^Mainl-unU 


^^*.M, 


^-^'  '-^^=^^'^'~^^-''-'^-':-^^^'-~^'^^-'-~^-  -  -  -''my^"^-' 


TL^iiili  LuucU  of  Sierra.  Li  ON  A  deCap^M 


rurij/  at ,  J 


'^"irm 


J^/ieS/sr^af   ToTA  ahTumtiii  Fu-^  at  E  NE  ah  r  4  -^'^j/«'B.y/!vt^!yv^ 


f->yy4- 


A 


>^      .>} 


.^^^^rt^^m^ 


^ME.imus.  rhi  ^OCk   D.  at    S.E^E.  aiV ovc^Wo^Ju  ,^:^fm^L'j 


J»        >>»    !.»> 


ina  ^^<^ 


^f 


^mtttif^ia^immtitKSiJis^ 


af-'^. 


anJthe^^OCJCD.  at  E.  tip  J4,  fathoms, S mi ec  mui/,'^r.'sTrJlJli:l 


lie  Cave  JuMtddni/  at .  S.E .  ^  J^eaaii^.r .      ^-/.  //J.-  iJw//  cf Sierra  L 


icna      /P- 


r-^aKT's^tfi 


\ah^4^li 


li 


•^:;>d-r-  .  ^.  ---^v  -- 


ir*;! 


^iiiil'li^,; 


r«.«p;W 


•%!f 


Chap.  12.       of  Nigritia,  or  North-Guinea. 


P? 


What  I  fliall  fay  of  the  proiludt  of  the  of  TViifnVia,  lying  betwixt  capeTirr^aand  theBARnor. 

land,  manners  of  the  natives  and  religion  river  Milomba,  or  of  Sierra  Leona,  which  4/>^^ 

profef''  in  the    country  of  Sierra  Leona,  fhall  conclude  this  book  of  the  co<ifts  of 

may  be  applied  in  all  thofc  particulars  to  Norlb-Guinca, 
the  territorie:.  and  inhabitants  of  that  part  • 


.w  \^r  i./ 


-H 


the  END  of  the  First*Book, 


i'tu 


I*     1     ■     !    '■ 


'!':.„ 


hi  !'"'i 


■  )               •                                                                           ■ 

■i 

:l                                                                                                                                                      A 

DESCRIPTION 

1 ' 

O  F     T  H  E 


Coafts  of  South-Guinea, 


m^ 


o  R 


r 

»' 

I. 

' ,  1 

I 

1  • 

,,;. 

< 

r  ■il 


GUINEA,  properly  fo  called : 

Commencing  at  Sierra  Leona  river,  and  ending 
at  Rio  de  Fernan  Vaz,  to  the  fouthward  of 
cape  Lope  Gonzalez. 

With  an  account  of  the  feveral  iflands  in  the  gulph  of  Guineot 
by  the  EftgUJh  commonly  called  the  Bight. 


BOOK     II. 


CHAP.    I. 

-'Defcription  of  Sierra  Lcona  ;  the  feveral  kingdoms.    Mitomba  river ;  European 
failories.   The  natives,  produli^  beafts,  birds,  fi^,  &c. 


ah  jo 


T 


Iti   tXt'Tit. 


Sierra  Leona. 
1 1  F,  kingdom  of  Sierra  Leona, 
whether  it  be  taken  tor  the  whole 
country  in  general,  or  only  tor  the 
Ibiith  part  oF  the  bay  or  river  oi  Mitomba, 
hail  this  name  given  it  by  the  Portuguefe 
anil  S/hiiii.ird.:,  from  the  roaring  noife  of 
waves  beating  in  ftormy  weather  upon  the 
ilony  fliorcs  and  rocks,  running  all  the 
length  of  it,  which  at  a  iliftance  is  not 
unlike  the  roaring  of  lions  v  or  tile  from 
the  vaft  numbers  of  thofe  fierce  creatures 
living  on  the  high  mountains  oi  Rourre  and 
Timiia,  on  the  Ibuth-fidc  of  the  river ; 
Sierra  in  Sjiaiii/h  fignifying  a  mountain,  a.nd 
Leona  a  lionets ;  whence  feme  call  them  the 
mountains  of  the  lions. 

Nothing  being  more  uncertain  than  the 
cxteiu  and  dimcnfions  of  wild  fivage  coun- 
tries, where   the  natives  are  ftupid,  igno- 
ranr,  and  utter  ftrangers  to  geography  i  I 
3 


cannot  fafely  pretend  to  afTign  the  limits  of 
this  country  of  Sierra  Leona,  as  being  alto- 
gether unknown  to  any  Europeans.  It  vvill 
be  Ibffici'.  It  to  obferve,  that  fome  modern 
geographers  extend  it  to  cape  Ferga  before 
mentioned,  northward,  making  it  to  bor- 
der on  the  kingdom  of  Melli  that  way, 
and  to  depend  on  it  j  eaftward  to  that  of 
Bitoiin,  which  joins  on  the  N  E.  with  that 
of  Mandinga  ;  fouthward  to  that  of  the 
^uojas,  Carrodobou,  Dogo,  and  Conde  ;  and 
wefiward  to  the  Atlantick  and  Ethiopck 
ocean. 

However  it  is  as  to  the  limits,  that/«A«*^ 
country  is  inhabited  by  two  diftinft  nations,'*""- 
called  theOld-Capez and  the Cumboi-Alanez: 
the  firft  of  them  reckoned  the  beft  and 
mod  polite  people  of  all  Nigrilia  ;  the  lat- 
ter daring,  reftlefs,  rude,  and  unpolilhed, 
being  man  eaters,  as  the  word  Manez,  de- 
notes, in  their  language.     The  Portuguefe 

at 


j   :r:K,.H 


Chap.  i.         Of  the  Coajls  <?f  South-Guinea. 


Ux.ti  Ca 
pel. 


at  Cori^j  anil  An^rAa,  reckon  thtfc  to  be  o\ 
till-  fume  race  with  tlie  barbarous  Ja^o!.  ami 
Cdau  inhabiting  the  country  EN  E.  fiom 
Cong^o,  wiio  iiave  long  been  the  terror 
of"  many  negro-nations  in  Afrka.,  having 
cominitttd  nioft  unheard-of  inhumanities 
from  tiw  beginning  of  the  laft  century  to 
this  time  •,  and  all  of  them  generally  fup- 
poled  to  proceed  from  the  nation  of  the 
GaUii  MoH'M,  living  far  up  the  inland  of  the 
river  $<jU-o. 
turhtrom  Tiieic  two  nations  above  mentioned,  have 
Ciiini'js  been  continually  at  war,  like  implacable 
enemies,  fince  firrt  the  C«w//'.vj  A/i(«£ccame 
down,  about  the  year  of  our  redemption 
130;,  from  a  very  dilbuit  country  up  the 
land,  and  affaulted  tiie  Crf/w,  then  the  na- 
tural ancient  inhabitants,  defigning  to  plun- 
der and  deltroy  the  country,  and  carry  off 
the  natives,  to  fell  them  to  the  Ptf/Z/r^a^/f, 
then  newly  fettled  in  Jiofe  parts  of  Afrua  \ 
and  they  ai^tualiy  did  fei?.e  and  fell  great 
numbers  of  thole  poor  people.  I'lien  ob- 
ferving  the  goodnefs  anti  tertilily  ol  the 
country,  they  relblv'd  to  fettle  there  v  and 
the  better  to  llicceed  in  their  defign,  conti- 
nuM  to  carry  on  a  cruel  and  bloody  war 
with  the  civilized  Cafez,  every  where  per- 
fecuting  and  devouring  many  ot  thofe  they 
took  pritbners.  The  Capez  feeing  them- 
felves  reduced  to  fuch  diftrcfs,  took  heart, 
and  made  fuch  vigorous  oppofition,  that 
their  barbarous  enemies  have  not  yet  been 
able  to  bring  about  their  wicked  defigns. 
'I'hus  both  nations  ftill  keep  footing  in  the 
country,  and  the  war  continues  to  this  day, 
with  the  deftruction  of  great  numbers  on 
both  fides  ;  efpecially  of  the  Capez,  many  of 
whom,  tired  out  with  fo  many  hardfhips  and 
fuH'erings,  chofe  rather  voluntarily  to  fell 
themfelves  tor  fiaves  to  the  Portuguefe, 
than  to  hazard  falling  fooner  or  later  into 
the  hands  of  thofe  man-eaters  This  enmity 
continu'd  hot  among  them  in  the  year  1678, 
when  firll  I  went  into  that  river,  and  law 
tl;e  jireparations  made  by  'he  Cumlun  Ma- 
j.'fz  to  give  their  enemies  a  warm  reception, 
,is  I  (ball  ohferve  hereafter  ;  tho*  I  was  in- 
lorni'd  the  war  was  not  carry'd  on  with  luch 
inhumanity  as  formerly,  the  Cwwirfj  begin- 
ning to  grow  lomewliat  more  civilized  and 
jicaieable  than  their  forefathers,  by  trading 
with  the  KiiropeiDi^,  but  ftill  wild  anti  bru- 
tilii  enough. 

Both  thole  nations  are  laid  to  own  fome 
forr  of  fubjeclion  to  the  king  oi' ^laj a,  who 
^■riierally  nlides  near  cape  Monte,  having 
been  formerly  fubdued  by  a  king  of  that 
n.uion,  call'd  Fianjirc,  whole  fuceelTors  Hill 
api'ointa  viceroy  over  thLin,  by  the  name  of 
Doihitid',  whole  brothers  once  refided  at 
fim^ui ;  till  tailing  at  varjancc  amonjj  thcni- 
Vo  1..  V. 


:  i!rt/,  /.iv 


97 

fclves,  they  parted,  and  male  w.ir  wicli  onenAumir." 
another.  One  'Jo!:ii  Ihoinns,  a  HLuk  ot  "-^W^^ 
about  feventy  years  f)f  age,  of  whom  I  Ihall 
have  occafion  to  fp, ak  lunalter,  at  the  tinie 
of  my  coming  tliithi  r,  w.is  the  youngefl  •, 
and  had  lor  his  patrimony  the  vill.ige  ■I'oni- 
l>y,  lying  four  leagues  up  the  bay,  by  tlie 
French  call'd  Biiye  df-  i'lancc,  and  about  a 
league  above  the  village  linj;;'.!,  ne.ir  which 
there  arc  fevcral  large  t.dl  trees.  The  /v  ;;• 
lijh,  for  'he  mort  p.irt,  anchor  b.fore  Tom- 
hy,  which  is  on  the  fouth-fide  of  the  river, 
and  n^arelt  to  their  fettlem^nt. 

There  are  other  geograjihers,  who  will  r/iriow  «- 
have  the  country  ami  kingdom  of  SurxiP^""""  *' 
Leona  to  commence  at  cape  I'ergn  aforefaid,  „.),„,  ,r 
and  to  extend  no  farther  i'outhward  than  cape  siem 
Tagriii,  and  reckon  it  as  part  of  the  kingdom  Leon*, 
of  Melli.     Others  again  confine  it  between 
the  river  Mitomba,  on  the  north,  and  that 
ofStrk'ra  on  the  Ibuth,  placing  a  town  they 
call  Concho  about  the  center  of  the  inland 
country,  but  thele  controverfies  arc  not  very 
material. 

The  north  parts  of  this  river  Mi!nmh.u\So\i\m. 
from  the  (loint  of  the  bay  or  mouth  *"'.S''''"*- 
wellw.ird,  and  up  the  bank,  are  fubjeft 
to  two  petty  kings,  to  him  of  Bonne  on 
the  fbutli,  and  to  him  of  Boulm  to  the 
north-,  this  laft  in  my  time  was  call'd  An- 
tonio Bomho.  The  former  commonly  re- 
fides  at  the  village  Bourre,  which  confilfs 
of  about  three  hundred  huts  or  cabbins, 
and  five  hundred  inhabitants,  bcfides  women 
and  children.  The  Portuguefe  mifTionaries 
formerly  made  fome  converts  at  boulm,  a- 
mong  whom  was  the  king;  and  they  Hill 
continue  to  fend  mifTionaries  thither,  from 
time  to  time.  The  word  Boulm,  in  the  lan- 
guage of  the  country,  fignifies  low-land  i 
and  others  pronounce  it  Bolem  and  Bouloun. 
The  coaft,  on  the  fide  of  Boulm,  is  low  ancJ 
flat,  in  comparilon  of  the  oppolite  fliore  of 
Bourre  or  Timna  ;  near  which,  are  thole 
famous  mountains  of  5';>r/-rt /,W(r;,  Ix'ing  a 
long  ridge,  andreckon'd  the  highell  of  either 
North  or  South-  Guinra,  except  thofe  oi  Amlo- 
Jes,  in  the  gulph  or  bight.  There  are  fo  many  crmt 
caves  and  dens  about  thefe  mountains,  that  fl"- 
when  a  fingle  gun  is  fired  aboard  a  Ihip  in 
the  bay,  the  echo  is  lb  often  and  fo  diftinft- 
ly  repeated,  as  makes  it  found,  to  perfons  at 
a  diliance,  like  the  report  of  feveral  guns, 
the  clap  being  10  loud  and  fmart,  which 
was  often  pleafant  to  me  to  hear ,  whereas, 
on  the  contrary,  it  was  dreadful  in  thun 
dering  weather,  the  echo  repeating  each 
clap  of  thunder  with  as  much  force  as  the 
real ;  inlbmuch,  that  till  ufed  to  it,  not 
only  I,  but  all  the  company  almard,  did 
quake  at  the  horriti  rattling  noile  breaking 
forr'-.  from  fo  many  parts,  thuiiuer  being 
Cc  here 


r  4 


■  It 


u. 


;s;:'ji if,  Ml 


p8 


A  Defcrlption  of  the 


Book  II. 


Barbot.  her?  very  frequent,  amUxtr.ionlinary  Jierce. 

^•O^'^' Hciuc  the  P'»tu)^ueff^d\\  t'lcin  Monies  Cl<i- 
roi,  th.it  is,  mouiU.iins  tluu  have  a  clear 
found  or  cclio. 

Not  far  from  thel'c  mountains,  tliere  runs 
out  into  the  fea  wclhvanl,  a  hilly  point, 
much  lower  than  thole  hills,  forming  almoll 
a  peninl'uia,  over  which  the  Buicks  curry  their 
canoes  on  their  fliouKiers,  when  they  lUfign 
tolaimehout  to  lea,  k-eaule  it  laves  nnuh 
trouble  ol  rowing  round  trom  the  bay  thi 
Cift  Ledo  ther.  Tius  jxiint  is  callM  C,il)o  Ixiio  or  '/ii- 
#f  Tagrin.  |^^,„^  anil  by  others  T<;;;rtrd(;/),  lying  exadlly 
in  8  ileg.  jo  min.  of  north  latiiude,  accord- 
ing to  our  exact  obfervation  v  contrary  to  all 
the  Dutch  maps,  which  are  faulty  in  this  p. r- 
ticular  of  latitudes  all  along  the  coall  of  this 
part  of  Guinea,  laying  ilown  all  tiie  coalls 
thirty  degrees  more  nortiierly  than  thev 
Dufc-h  really  are.  Thefe  miltakes  ought  to  be  care- 
fnijl»iiti.  fully  obf'erv'il  by  Ewopetun  trading  along 
the  coa.".  of  Ntgriiiti,  and  part  of  thole  of 
Guinea  properlv  I'r  rall'd,  accounting  every 
port,  cape,  anti  river,  h.df  a  degree  nearer 
to  the  north  than  the  D.vA  (i  m.ips  reprelent 
it:  for  the  over-fhooting  of  any  port  or 
place  there,  is  of  great  conle(|utnce,  it  be- 
ing no  eafy  mattir  to  recover  the  lame  by 
plying  to  the  windward. 

I  believe  it  wll  be  acceptable  to  infert 
the  following  obfervations,  which  will  be 
of  ufe  in  navig.ition  to  thole  who  go  up 
the  river  of  Sierra  Lona.  The  llood  lets  in 
N  E  by  fc',.  and  E  N  E.  and  the  ebb  runs 
out  SW  by  W.  and  WSW.  2.  At  full 
moon,  cl'iwci.illy  from  Sep/^mber  to  Janua- 
ry, the  weather  is  very  calm  all  the  night, 
and  till  about  noon,  when  a  frelli  gale 
comes  up  at  S  W.  SS  W.  and  WSW.  which 
holds  till  about  ten  at  night,  and  then  the 
calm  fucceeds  again.  3.  Ships  may  anchor 
every  where,  both  wiiliin  and  without  the 
bay,  in  feven  or  eight  fathom  water,  red 
fandy  ground.  4.  Ships  failing  from  the 
iflands  dos  Idolos  are  to  fleer  SE  by  S.  and 
SS  H  to  avoid  the  banks  on  the  iiorth-fide 
oi  Sierra  Leona,  and  then  lliape  their  courfe 
due  fouth,  when  they  defign  for  the  bay, 
till  they  come  to  range  with  the  breaking 
cfthefea,  which  at  all  times  appears  to 
the  weflward  of  the  bay.  At  the  time  of 
flood,  any  fhips  may  run  along  the  break- 
ing, fleering  E  N  E.  and  continually  found- 
ing from  fix  to  fourteen  fathom,  muddy 
ground,  which  is  the  true  channel.  The 
nearer  you  come  to  the  coall  or  fide  of 
Bourre,  the  deeper  the  water  is  ;  for  the 
higher  the  land,  the  deeper  the  fea  near  it  in 
all  places.  5.  If  you  muft  of  necelTity  anchor 
without  the  bay,  the  fafefl,  and  moil  proper 
place  is  about  three  quarters  of  a  league 
off  cape  Tagrin,  to  be  clear  of  tlie  violent 


llrMtn  I  unning  out  ofthe  river  and  bay,  to 

the  N  E.  upon  the  breaking  <>»  the  tape  ot 
fivitliii,  the  r.ipidity  whi'reof  is  very  gieat, 
and  no  lelsdiliiriiible  ai  lo'v  water.  0.  I'his 
methoil  oblerv'd  in  (leering,  will  carry  a 
ftiip  fife  up  the  river,  to  anchor  before  that 
til!  y  call  the  bay  o\' I'nithi;  in  fixteen  or 
ciglueen  l.ithoin  water,  clayilli  ^'roinid  ; 
mooring  .IS  dole  to  the  Ihore  as  cm  be  with 
convenience,  to  five  tiie  c  rew  the  trouble  ot 
going  too  l.ir  to  fetch  water  .ind  piovifions. 
7.  The  flood  in  tiie  bay  ii  of  lc\cn  hours, 
and  the  ebb  of  five. 

Tbe  river  r/ Sierra  Eeona 

D  UNS  down  from  a  great  way    up  ihaiumtft 

inland.  A  certain  l^lack  would  needs  "M'" 
perfuademc,  that  the  Iburce  of  it  ib  in  liar-""""^' 
l>ir\  ■,  urging,  that  he  li.id  traded  much  that 
way  along  the  river,  the  commoilities  being 
a  fort  ot  Iruic  tall'il  Cu/a,  and  fl.ivis,  which 
the  B,irl\iriani  buy  of  the  BuuL  of  Sierra 
l.eona.  It  is  to  be  fuppofed,  that  by  the  B.ir- 
kiriins,  this  man  meant  the  Moi/ri  and  //- 
rabi,  who  trade  into  the  kingdom  of  Tom- 
Inil,  which  has  commerce  with  Afoiocco, 
which  kingtioin  has  its  gold  Irom  thence  i 
the  merchants  going  to  and  from,  between 
thofe  two  nations  or  kingdoms,  with  the 
gold  of  Giigo  and  Mandin^a,  where  there  are 
gold-mines.  Befides,  it  is  realonable  to  fup- 
pole,  that  the  river  of  Sierra  Leona  has  a 
communication  up  the  country  with  other 
rivers,  or  with  Ibme  branches  of  the  Niger, 
which  palTes  by  Toml/ul,  and  is  there  callM 
Jca  by  the  natives.  All  this  is  not  impro- 
bable, the  diftancc  between  tiiofe  places  not 
being  very  confiderable,  and  there  being 
a  coiiftant  commerce  at  Tuinbiil,  betwixt  the 
natives  and  the  people  oi'  Murocco,  Fez,  and 
Barhary,  relbrting  thither  in  caravans,  thro* 
thedefarts  o\  ZaUara,  as  I  fhall  further  ob- 
ferve  in  the  fupplement. 

This  river  bears  the  name  of  Mitomba  or  Hov  far 
Bitomba  no  farther  than  about  twenty-five '^*"j'"' 
or  thirty  leagues  from  the  mouth  up  the 
country  ;  and,  tho'  reported  to  run  very  far 
down  the  inland,  yet  is  no  farther  known  to 
Europeans,  and  the  natives  can  give  no 
good  account  of  its  fburce. 

On  the  fouth-fide  of  it  (lands   a  town,AsMago- 
called  //s  Magoas,  where  none  but  the  Por-iiDin. 
Iiigiieje  are  allowed  to  refide  for  trade  ;  the 
natives  coming  down  the  river  to  barter 
with  the  French  and  Englifit,  when  there  arc 
any  lliips  of  theirs  in  the  bay. 

The  ancients  call  this  river  A'if^j •,  cape^^^^,, 
Ledo,  or  Tagrtn,  Hefperi  Cornu  ;  and  the«4mf/ 
people  inhabiting  the  countries  about  it, 
Leuc-/€thiopei,  as  alio  the  mountain  up  the 
country  Rbyfadius  Mens, 

This 


Bov^K  II, 


..ly,  to 
:api-  ol 
picat, 
,.  This 
;.\rry  a 
irc  tlv.it 
tocti  or 
touikI  ; 
be  witli 
niblcof 
nirmns. 
I  l\ouis 


11(1  tllC  7/1  rtiirft 

iKl  needs  "f'" 
b  in  Bar-  ' 
luch  tlwt 
tics  being 
is,  which 
ot  Sierra 
i  the  B,ir- 
rs  unil  //- 
\  of  Tom- 

Moiouot 
11  ilxncc  i 
,  biiwftn 

with  the 
c  till  re  are 
.bk  to  fup- 
eona  has  a 
with  other 

the  Ni^er, 
here  call'il 

lot  iinpro- 

^)l.ucs  not 
|hcrc  beinK 

..twixtthe 

I,  Fez,  and 

Ivans,  thro' 

[iurther  ob- 

MitomhaoxHoff" 
[wcnty-five^^^^,^, 
litli  up  the 
[un  very  far 
known  to 
In  give  no 


Is   a  town,  AsMigo- 
it  the  Por- « '»»'■ 

Itracle  ;  the 

to  barter 

In  there  arc 

XNiit;  capc^„,„„ 
•,  and  the  namd 
about  ir, 
htainupthe 


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ryra 


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T  h  C  L^.  ^/*  H  o  n  do  The  U  o/t/  ala.c 


Ouoia.r  ICoiitlc 


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Th(I?o/oalucv 


0 


C* 


.  ,     The  L^  o/*Folo'i<i.r 

Aaroumonou 


The  L-^/CeliW    ., 
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■^jeaiP-^~^~\ 


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£  .TuknjttM  muJJv     T-  thtRoni 


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11 


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Portu- 
luriis. 


Rhert 

f'liks  in-  ^.g^, 

/»  thl 

Muomba.  f^""? 
How 
Tun 
ble 


Chap.  I.  Oajis  of  South-Guinea. 


feri. 


De  Ruy 
ter  hire. 


This  river  has  feveral  fmall  idands  and 
rocks  at  the  entrance  into  the  bay,  which 
look  like  hay-reeks.  The  chief  of  them 
aic  tlu"  iflancis  Cogti,  Tajf.'  and  Bences  ;  on 
the  lalt  whereof  the  Englifii  have  ereded  a 
lh»ali  fort,  whicli  has  nothing  confiderable 
but  the  advantage  of  the  fituation,  on  a 
llecp  rock,  of  ihfficult  accel's,  whicli  is 
only  up  a  fort  of  ftairs  cut  in  the  rock, 
and  is  a  llore-iioufe  for  the  royal  /Ifrican 
company.  Tlie  fort  is  of  lime  and  (lone, 
the  walls  low,  has  a  round  flanker  with 
five  guns,  a  curtin  with  embrazures  for 
four  large  guns,  and  a  platform  juft  before 
it  with  fix  guns,  all  of  them  well  mounted. 
But  there  arc  no  confiderable  buildings  in 
it,  the  flavc-booth  being  the  bed.  The 
garril'on  generally  confilts  of  twenty  white 
men,  antl  thirty  Grnmcltos,  wiio  are  free 
Blacks,  aivi  have  i  finall  vill.ige  under  the 
Iheker  of  the  tor.  The  ifland  is  of  little 
compals,  and  the  foil  barren. 

About  tour  leagues  from  the  watering- 
place  Hands  the  village  Btigos,  dole  to  a 
little  wood  -,  and  to  the  eallward  of  it  is 
Totidy,  where  is  a  curious  profpcft,  and 
before  it  the /-'w^g/i/?)  fhips  uf'u.dly  ride  ;  the 
illand  Ttijfo  appearing  from  thtnce  at  a 
great  diftance,  and  looking  like  firm  land. 

The  Englijh  African  company  had  its 
fadlory  .'  Tmcrly  on  the  ifland  '/ii^  -,  but 
the  Dutch  admiral  cie  RtnUr,  at  his  return 
from  the  expedition  tothegold-coaft,  where 
he  rcflor'd  to  the  Diilcb  IVejl- India  com- 
pany moll  of  the  frttlemcnts,  the  En^liJ/.\ 
under  admiral  Holmes,  had  taken  trom  them 
the  year  before,  in  the  name  of  the  duke 
of  i'ork,  and  the  royal  African  company  of 
England,  put  into  this  river  of  Sierra  Leona, 
dellroy'd  the  laid  company's  tort,  and  took 
away  all  the  goods  they  had  in  it,  amount- 
ing to  a  confiderable  value.  The  EngliJIj 
company,  alter  this  expedition  oi  de  Rtiytcr, 
caufed  another  fort  to  be  creded,  for  the 
fccurity  of  its  trade,  on  the  ifland  Cogii  -, 
but  the  natives  not  approving  of  it,  or 
being  otherv.ile  difl~itisfy'd  wkh  the  Ei;g- 
lifj,  role  up  in  arms  ag.Mnll  them,  and  de- 
llroy'd it,  obliging  them  to  retire  to  an- 
other place. 
The  Poriiigiiifc  have  feveral  fmall  fetile- 
gudi/if-  mcnts  in  this  country,  particularly  one  near 
"""•  Dondermiicb,  ov  Domdomucb  \  but  very  little 
correfpondence  with  the  Englijh  of  Rence 
ifland,  being  jealous  of  them  in  point  of 
trade. 
Rh/n  The  river  Mitomba  in  its  courle  thro'  fe- 

/•''";■•?  (.1-  veral  countries,  receives  many  fmaller  wa- 

Mi'ombi.  '■'■''-'  ^'''^  '^'^'^■'^^  whereof  are  Rio  Caracone, 
flowing  northward.  The  river  Boiida,  or 
Tumla,  or  5.  Miguel,  running  S  E.  naviga- 
ble for  fliips  ot  burden  half  way    up  its 


Portu- 


99 

channel,  and  dividing  the  Capez  from  theBARior. 
Cuml/as.  The  country  aboui;  it  produces  v^V'Vi' 
much  fantalum  wood,  or  lanJirs,  by  the 
natives  called  Bonda,  and  tlience  the  river 
has  its  name.  The  third,  which  is  anony- 
mous, runs  towards  the  Forna  de  S.  /t  <ta, 
along  the  fouth  fliore,  and  loles  itfelt  in 
the  bay  near  the  king  of  Bonrre's  town. 
The'  Poriii/jiefe  trade  up  thefe  two  laft  ri- 
vers, in  their  canoes  and  brigantines. 

The  country  all  along  the  fides  of  the  vilUgtt 
river   Munmbu,  is  well    peopled,  and    has "W  »*• 
many  hamlets  and  villages.     On  the  north-"""'' 
fide  of  the  bay,  being  the  coaft  of  Bonlw, 
are  three  villages ;  which  are  thofe  of  Bin- 
que,  Ttnguam,  and  of  ?"i;««.  Captain  Lewis. 
Tiie  foil  is  very  fertile,  and  therefore  the 
Blacks  have  adtled  to  the  name  of  Boulni, 
fignifying   low-land,  that  of  Bcrre,  which 
imports  good  ;  and  thus  Boidin  Berre  de- 
notes good   low-land. 

The  king  of  Boidri  favours  the  Englijh  ^^Mf^t 
more  than  either  the  Porti/gnefe,  French,  or  where  /*- 
Diiich  ;  though  tl'.re  are  many  of  the  firft "<"<'■■''• 
who  live  difperfed  up  and  down  his  coun- 
try. 

The  Blacks  of  Timna  arc  much  in  thtrht 
French   intereft.     Some  will  have   it,  that '■'"nch, 
the  village  of  Serhcrakata  lies  in  the  level "'*"''• 
that  is  between  cape  Tagrin,  and  the  moun- 
tains to  the  eafliward  of  it  -,  and  that  about 
two  leagues    farther  up  the  country  is  a 
cruel  and  lavage  people,  called  Setnaura, 
who  are  always  at  war  with  thofe  of  Ser- 
borakata. 

The  vWh^Q  of  John  Thomas,  who  is  go- p-j//^^, 
vernour  of  that  part  of  the  country,  ft.mdse/John 
in  the  wood,  E  N  E.  from  the  place  by  the '*"'>'"""■ 
French  called  la  Fontaine  de  la  France,  con- 
fiding  but  of  a  few    hutts,  buiit    round, 
much  like  thofe  defcribed  at  Gamboa. 

The  bay  of  France,  where  this  fotintain,^^  w- 
or  fpring  of  frefh  water  rifes,  is  about  fix  France, 
leagues  up  the  river,  from  cape  Tagrin,  and 
eafily  known  by  the  fine  bright  colour  of 
the  fandy  (hore,  looking  at  a  dittance  like 
a  largefpread  fail  of  a  fliip.  The  ftrand 
there  is  clear  from  rocks,  which  renders 
the  acccfs  eafy  for  boats  and  floops  to  take 
in  frelh  water.  At  a  few  paces  from  the 
lea  is  that  curious  fountain,  the  beft  and 
eafiell  to  come  at  ot  any  in  all  Guinea^ 
tiie  fource  of  it  is  in  the  very  midll  of  the 
mountains  ofTimna,  (Iretching  out  about 
fifteen  leagues  in  a  long  ridge,  and  not  to 
be  come  ar  without  great  danger,  as  well 
for  tiic  many  tygers  and  lions  living  on 
them,  as  for  the  croct)diles  retorting  thither. 
Some  perfons  who  would  have  made  a  far- 
ther dilcovery  of  the  country,  could  not 
go  above  two  Englijh  miles,  alon^  t!ie  chan- 
nel of  one  of  the  Iprings,   not  daring  to 

venture 


■1 

1  *■'  ■■ 

1 

-  j 

:|'^ , 

lOO 


y^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  II. 


Curiiui 
fomuin. 


Dengir 
mwMtir 


Oarbot.  venture  any  farther,  by  reafon  of  the  dif- 
^•^"^T^  mal  ami  dreadful  j  rofircdt  they  faw  before 
them.    The  frcfli  waters  fall  down  from 
the  high  hills,  making  feveral  calcades  a- 
mong  the  rocks,  with  a  mighty  noife,  found- 
ing the  louder  in  that  profound  filenct  which 
reigns  in  the  foreft  j  then  running  into  a 
fort  of  pond,  overflow  and  fpread  about 
the  fandy  Ihore,  where  they  gather  -a^mw 
into  a  bafin,  or  cavity,  at  the  loot  o(  the 
hills ;  which  not  being  able  to  contain  the 
vaft  quantity  of  water  continually  (lowing 
in,  it  runs  over  upon  the  fai  ds  again,  and 
thence   at   la  II  mixes  with  the  lea-water. 
This,  in  my  opinion,  is  one  of  the  mc"- 
tielightful  places  in  ail  Guinea ;   the  bafin 
which  receives  this  delicate  frefli  water  be- 
ing all    encomi»fs'd  with   tall   evtr-green 
trees,  making  a  deligiitful  ftiade  in  the  molt 
cxceflive  heat  of  the  day  ;   and  the  vt -.y 
rocks  Handing  about  it,  at  i  fmall  dillance 
from  each  other,  do  no  lefs  contribute  to 
beautify  that  piece  oi'  landlkip,  and  add  to 
the  pleafure  of  the  place.    I  ufed,  whillt 
there,  to  take  the  advantage  of  having  my 
dinner  and  fupper  carried  thither  frequently. 
Here  a  lar'^e  fhip's  crew  may  eafily  fill  an 
hundred  calks  of  water  in  a  day. 

As  fweet  and  frefh  as  this  water  is,  it  mull 
be  obfcrved,  that  it  has  an  ill  efi'eft  upon 
the  failors,  if  taken  in  the  beginning  of  the 
rainy  feafon  j  but  more  efpecially  in  /ipiil, 
becaufe  the  violent  heats  of  the  funimer 
having  corrupted  the  earth,  and  kill'd  a- 
biindance  of  venomous  creatures,  the  vio- 
lent rains  which  enfue,  occafion  mighty 
floods  i  and  thefe  waft  down  all  that  poifo- 
nous  matter  into  the  fprings  and  channels  of 
this  fountain,  and  conlequently  give  a  ma- 
lignity to  the  water.  This  has  been  expe- 
rimentally found  by  m.any  to  their  colt  ; 
but  it  happens  only  in  the  winter,  or  rainy 
feafon.  It  is  alio  requificc  to  be  fparing  in 
fating  of  the  fruit  of  this  country,  and  to 
avoid  drinking  of  the  w.iter  to  excels,  be- 
cauli:  it  caufes  a  fort  of  peflilential  diltem- 
per,  which  is  almolt  certain  death,  at  lealt 
very  few  efcape. 

The  duty  for  liberty  of  watering  and 
wooding  here,  is  not  above  the  valuj  of 
four  French  crowns,  in  feveral  fmall  wares 
and  toys,  pa. i  to  captain  7«/j«  TJicwaj,  the 
chief  commander  there. 

The  wooding-place  is  about  .-in  hundred 
paces  NE.  from  the  fountain,  or  elle  to  the 
cillward,  as  the  black  commander  thinks 
fit.  The  felling  of  wood  here  is  very  la- 
borious, the  trees  being  dole  together,  and 
link'd  from  top  to  bottom  with  a  fort  of 
creepers,  by  l\KFrcnch  called  Liaiies  i  other- 
wife  the  wooding  would  be  eafy,  the  car- 
riage to  the  water-fide  being  fliort. 


Duty  far 
muttring 


H^ooJi'ig- 
fUt*. 


The  Blacks  of  Sierra  Leona  are  not  ofBtach  ,f 
fo  fine  a  Jhining  black  as  thofe  of  ca|ic  j'"" 
Firtle,  nor  have  they  fuch  flat  nofes.  They  """* 
adorn  their  ears  with  abundance  of  toys, 
called  there  Afazubas,  and  make  feveral 
(mail  imprtflions  on  their  fices,  cars,  and 
noles,  with  a  red  hot  iron,  whicii  they  reckon 
very  ornamental,  wearing  gold  rings  and 
bracelets.  Both  I'exes  go  ftark  naked  till 
about  fit  teen  years  of  aj^e,  when  moft:  of 
them  cover  thei"-  nr'^itics  with  a  clour,  or 
piece  of  the  bark  of  a  tree  -,  yet  fome  there 
are  who  do  not  care  to  do  it,  tho'  grown 
up  men,  having  nothing  but  a  narrow  lea- 
ther thong  about  their  waift,  to  ftick  their 
knifi:  in. 

The  5/aJ-.t  of  birth  and  quality,  vetir  a  Turtultnt 
fliort  gown,  or  frock  of  itriped  callico,  like'""/"', 
the  Moors.  They  are  generally  malicious 
and  turbulent,  which  occafions.  frequent 
(ailing  out  among  themfelves,  and  more 
with  the  Europeans ;  who  cannot  be  better 
leveng'd  of  them,  than  by  burning  their 
hutts,  and  deftroying  their  corn  and  roots. 

On  the  other  hand,  thefe  Blacks  are  fober,  sclirltii 
and  drink  little  brandy,  for  fear  of  being 
dilcompofed,  and  are,  for  the  mod  part, 
more  lenfible  and  judicious  tiian  thole  of 
other  parts  of  Guinea ;  particularly  the  Ca- 
fcz,  who  loon  learn  any  thing  that  i'.  taught 
them.  They  were  formerly  effeminate  and 
luxurious,  but  are  now  become  braver,  by 
reafon  of  the  long  wars  they  have  had  with 
the  Cumhas. 

Every  town  or  village  has  one  ^\ih\\ck  tJucauv,. 
houle,  to  which  all  marry M  perlbns  fend 
their  daughters,  at  a  certain  ..[^e,  who  are 
there  taught  (or  a  year  to  fing,  dance,  and 
perform  other  exercills,  by  an  old  man  of 
the  prime  family  in  the  country  v  and  when 
the  year  is  expired,  he  leads  them  to  the 
market-place,  where  thty  fing,  dance,  and 
fliow  all  they  have  learnt  at  their  boarding- 
Ichool,  in  the  prefence  of  all  the  inhabi- 
tants. If  any  of  the  young  men,  who  are 
IpcCt.itors,  are  difpofed  to  marry,  they  make 
choice  of  thofe  they  like  belt,  witho'.t  re- 
gard to  fortune  or  birth.  When  the  man 
has  thus  dcclar'd  his  intention,  they  are 
look'd  upon  as  actually  married,  provided 
the  bridegroom  can  make  Ibme  fmall  pre- 
fents  to  the  bride's  father  and  mother,  and  to 
the  old  man,  who  was  her  tutor,  or  mafl:er. 

Thefe  people  make  very  curious  mats ««/... 
of  rulhes,  and  other  weeds,  and  dye  them 
of  feveral  colours,  which  are  much  valu'd 
by  Europeans.  O  .  thefe  mats  the  Blacks  lie 
at  night.  It  is  queftion'd,  whether  the 
Portuguefe  taught  thein,  or  tiiey  the  Per- 
tugue;ey  to  make  thefe  mats.    ■ 

The  country  abounds  in  millet  and  rice,  c«/ 
whicii  are  the  iirincipal  food  of  the  natives. 

The 


1 

'I 


P- 


it; 


Book  II. 

not  ofBUtii  tf 
of  caiic ;'''"•' 

)F  toys, 
ftvcral 
irs,  and 
r  reckon 
ngs  and 
ked  till 
moft  of 
louv,  or 
lie  there 
3'  grown 
row  lea- 
ick  their 


,  wear  a  THrtuUnt 
lico,  \\V.t">"i"- 
nalicious 
frequent 
id  more 
DC  better 
ing  their 
111  roots. 

ire  fober,  schUtj. 
of  being 
oft  part, 

thofc  of 
yr  the  Ca- 
:  i',  taught 
ilnate  and 
iraver,  by 

had  with 

C    publick  Zdnc»lhr>, 

Ions  fend 
who  are 
ance,  and 
|ld  nwn  of 
and  when 
Im  to  the 
ancc,  and 
loardiiig- 
,e  inhabi- 

who  are 
[hey  make 

tho'-t  re- 

the  man 

they  are 

provided 

mall  pre- 
|cr,  ami  to 

mafter. 

ous  mats  Muz.', 
ye  them 

th  valu'd 

Bhuh  lie 
ther  the. 
the  Per. 

and  rice,  ci?/ 
|c  n-Uives. 
■l"hc 


Hi 


;i:ii. 


1;!'! 

■  ','' 

$:!  = 

|:,.,  i 

lli:.^; 

Wi' 


i\ 


m 


I! 


h  '^1 


ill 


'■1 

1 '  '■ 

1 

t    iS 

1  J  *■ 

.'II ' 

■il 

(fi 


i:-/./:/'/,tf,-  o. 


3 


Jlll'i  c 


ih-h 


/Mti 


-U' 


3. 


■^•^  -    -.-   J^^i 


://7J 


'  i  i ;  ;i :  1 1" 


•■vii^. 


».v.\» 


4.V '».'«»■«->'< 


^mimm^ 


Vi-v>;;r;.v>;:''i': 


'i*i>^Hu.n}li£ilMJMWi-' 


m 


td^  h. 


/,'.','.  /.'/ . 


m 


^ 


Mm''' 


r.un 


V/n/i/l<- ■■>''/ 


Mt\ 


fl}^iiMm 


,1     ; 
d  Vloon  iwh  ,! 


//f<\y//i;  /.'A.>/': 


iced  . 


li 

HI 

li 

:  ffl. 

1 

i  ,^1- 

■ 

>  '.«f 

s|' 

!  'if 

i  1 

1 

1 

.  I,- 

^1 


M 


Chap.  i.  Coajls  of  So u T h-G  u  i n e  a. 


lOI 


Wild 


Tlu' women  pound  tluTict  in  hollow  ftuinp-, 
of  iri-'cs,  anil  tlun  boil  it  into  lulls.     Sonv 
of  them  w.ilh  tiicir  rice  in  fci-w.ucr,  aiul 
io  cit  it. 
TrtM.         n.rc    arc    alfo   Icnimons,    fni.ilj   juicy 
oranges,  Afanj^ioc  i  w  Cajfihi,  .^nd  Gwiidi 
ppper,  but  no  t>rcat  ijjaniiiies  ut  .my  of 
tiiL-in.    Th(ir  wiKl  j'.raiKS  ^r^■  pretty  ^ooil, 
anil  ihcri-  arc  fonic  Bantiiuu  .mil  tlinc  forts 
of  iMriiamoni,  or  grains  of  paraiiiff.     But 
fartlitr    up    the    river,     ni-ar   the    Ennlijlj 
fettkmont,    is   great    plenty    of  oranges, 
Icnimons,    b.inmas,    Indian    figs,    an.m.is, 
pompions,  waicr-nielons,  ignames,  potatos, 
wild  p^ir;,  white  pliinihs,   feverai   forts  of 
pulfc-,    ant!  Cola,  of  whiih    I   (liall   (peak 
hcriaftrr.     All  ilnfc  provifions  they  ufually 
carry  out   in  large  cano;s  to  the   (liips  in 
',iie  road.     Five  or  fix  men  row  (landing, 
and  life  long  paddles  inllcad  of  oars,  like 
the  B'.aiki  of  cape  Lnjhz. 

They  have  great  ftore  of  cocks  and  Kens, 
wild  goats,  and  fwine,  all  which  coll  but 
littl-.'  whin  bought  for  brandy  or  knives. 

The  mountainous  country  fwarms  with 
elephants,  lions,  tygers,  wild  boars,  tallow 
and  reil  deer,  rocs,  apes  of  fever.d  forts, 
and  f  rptnts :  fome  of  thefe  lall,  lb  mon- 
Ilrous  big,  if  wc  may  credit  the  natives, 
that  they  fwallow  a  man  whole.  They 
have  a  fort  of  p'ant  which  n.'ver  fails  to 
cure  the  bite  of  ferpents,  which  I  fuppofe 
to  be  the  fame  lately  found  in  the  ifland  of 
Mnrtinico  \  the  inh.ibitants  whereof  are  fo 
pcllei'd  with  fnak.  tl-.at  ma'^y  pcrilhM  by 
being  bit,  till  fome  h  .  >>$  accident.Uly  found 
that  plant,  wliicli  is  now  of  great  ule. 

Apes,  monkeys,  and  h.il)ouii>,  .uc  fo 
numerous,  that  they  over- run  the  country 
in  mighty  flocks,  deflroying  the  plantations. 
There  are  three  forts  of  thcin,  one  of  them 
called  i^rtnvt, of  a  mondrous  fizc  j  which, 
when  taken  young,  arc  taught  to  walk  up- 
right, and,  by  ilegrecs,  to  pound  Indian 
wheat,  to  fetch  water  in  calabaflies,  or 
gourds,  from  the  i  ivcr  or  fprings,  on  their 
heads,  and  to  turn  the  fpit. 
Uttytliri.  Thefc  creatures  arc  fuch  lovers  of  oyfters, 
that  at  low  water  they  go  down  to  the  fhore, 
among  the  rocks,  which  breed  very  large 
oyfters  •,  and  when  the  Hulls  open  with  the 
violent  heat  of  the  fun,  they  clap  a  finall 
ftonc  between  them,  and  fo  pull  oi ;  the 
oyfter:  yet  fometimcs  it  happens,  that  the 
Hone  (lips  afidt,  or  is  too  little,  and  then 
the  (hells  clofing,  hold  fall  the  monkeys  ; 
and  thus  they  arc  taken,  or  kill'd  by  the 
Blacks,  who  reckon  their  flc(h  delicious 
food,  as  they  do  that  of  elephants. 

Being  one  day  myflf  kept  as  an  hoftage 
for  the  EngliJIj  \\\Q.or  oi  Beiue  ifland,    who 
was  aboard  our  fliin,  ut  the  houfe  of  cap- 
tain John  Thoaia.',  about  half  a  mile  up  in 
Vo  L.  V.  '^ 


Umhiyi. 


ttiin. 


the  woods;  I  there  law  an  ^\^c  boiling  in  af^A^Mfir. 
pot,  with  which  thcf.iid  captiiin  "j'obnTi.o-  ^^V^*, 
mas  olVcrcd  to  treat  me  .it  dinner  :  but  1 
could  not  prevail  with  mylclf  lo  sat  of  that 
iinulu.d  food,  and  yet  fevcral  lii'iojians 
have  told  mc  it  is  good  meat,  havii'.jjoft^n 
eaten  ol  it. 

I  have  ken  oyfliTS  here  fo  large,  that 
one  of  them  would  (.'Jve  a  man  a  I'leal  •, 
but  lo  tough,  that  they  aie  fcarce  eai.ible, 
unltis  li;il  well  boii'd,  and  then  fry'd  in 
pieces. 

The  Cola  is  a  To  r  of  fruit  fomrwhat  rcfcm-Cola/«/«. 
blingal.uge  ri.ellrait,  as  npnf  ntel  in  the 
figure,  which  is  ol  the  nn  ural  bi;.;nels.  The  Plato  y, 
tree  is  very  i.  II  and  large,  on  which  li.i-,  iVuic 
grows,  in  I  h'tl^rs,  ren  or  twelve  ol  ih.in  to- 
g.tlnri  the  ojllide  of  it  red,  with  lume 
mixture  of  blue;  and  the  infi '  ■,  wh.'ncut, 
violet-'olour  and  hroun.  It  eonies  on 'c  a 
year,  is  ol  a  liarfli  flnirp  talle,  but  qaenrlcs 
the  thirfl,  and  ni.ikcs  water  rcl  fli  fo  well, 
that  molt  of  the  BLicki  c.iny  it  about  tlicm, 
wherclbcvcr  they  go,  fnqanily  cluwing, 
and  loine  eat  it  ;.ll  d.iy,  but  forbear  aC 
night,  believing  it  hinders  their  fl^.ping. 
The  whole  C0'.;nrry  abounds  in  this  Lci.t, 
which  yields  th  natives  confidcrable  prefic, 
felling  it  to  their  neighbours  up  the  inland  \ 
wlio,  as  foiiiL  Slr.tks  told  me,  fell  it  again 
to  a  fort  of  wl.it'  men,  who  repair  to  ilu  m 
at  a  certain  time  of  tlie  year,  and  take  olf 
great  quantities  of  it.  Tiicfe  v.hitc  men  are 
fupposM  to  be  oi  iXhrcicu  or  Baibar\  ;  for 
the  hugitjh  oi  Berne  ifland  affuiM  me,  there 
was  a  great  quantity  carryM  yearly  by  land 
to  Tiihis  and  Tii/iJi,  in  /iarbiii-y. 

The  woods  harbour  infinite  numbers  ofp^;y  a^/^ 
parrots,  and  ring-t!oves  or  quecfts,  and 
many  otiier  forts  of  birds ;  but  tiie  thick- 
nelsol  the  woods  hinders  the  Iport  of  (hoot- 
ing. The  bell  place,  and  of  cafiell  acccfs 
to  ring-doves,  is  that  where  captain  Jihn 
Thomas  refides,  he  having  hew'd  and  grubb'd 
it,  for  about  2000  paces  fquarc,  to  mak: 
arable  ground,  for  his  own  u(e,  leaving 
only  fome  trees  (landing  here  and  there,  at 
a  diltance  from  each  other,  where  many 
of  thefe  birds  come  to  perch. 


The  lea  and  rivers  furnifh  the  natives  and 


npi. 


travellers  with  abundance  of  fifli,  of  all  the 
fores  and  fi^es  that  arc  fountl  at  Goene  and 
cape    Verde,    bcfides    others    unknown   to 
kuiopcans,  as  reprelcnted   here  in  the  cut,  p^^.^^  ^ 
having  bee.  very  exaft  in  the  drau'^ht. 

This  plenty  of  fo  many  forts  of  veiy  large 
or  middling  hfh,  is  of  great  benefit  iolai-1^7'^'"'' 
lors,  while  tiicy  flay  here  to  water  and  wood, 
or  to  drive  their  traffick,  if  they  be  provided 
with  proper  nets  and  lines  ;  for  tlie  Nr-groes 
are  fo  lazy,  that  they  take  no  manner  o.  paiiu 
to  weave  nets  to  catch  fifli  ;  and  content 
ihenifclvcs  with  the  leflcr  trouble  to  feck 
D  d  amonglt 


4] 

i 


'M  !i 


lOi 


i|iiit 

it 


I  , 


.   I   : 


!;)■ 


■\ 


f) 


A  Dcfcription  of  the 


nviirvc  lunoMi'.d  the  rotk'.  for  wh.u  fiftus  tin*  ebb 
Vpi'V"^^  ii.i';  lU'if  Kft  ilry  •,  wliiih  oltiii  in  (o  iiuoii- 
11  lir.ibic,  it  ilothiiotliiiig  nc.u  ri-w.irJ  tlicir 
iitn:ii>l.iiui'.  I  h.ivc  iLtn  loinc  ot  i.iptain  •Iho- 
wjjj'.s  fl.ivv.  i.itrhiii'',  upon  the  lurf'.iiL'  of 
the  w.itiT  ainoii^',11  the  loiks,  by  inons  of 
a  pi'.'ic  ol  .1  r.ii.g'il  iloih,  :(n  iiKrcdiblc 
(lu.uiiity  of  ikvv-l|i,i\vi)M  fiOics,  the  bi[^j»(l^ 
not  fo  l.irp"  .IS  an  onlin.iry  giiofc-iiiiill  ^ 
whith  iK'in;^  hoilod  in  ,i  1  irgo  iMithcn  [)()t 
t(>^<t',;(r,  til"*  viry  full,  ;\ic  rcdiucii  to  ii 
loit  ol  p.]',  .mil  .icioimtcJ  .1  ^oivA  ililh 
aniony  \-t\\. 

'l"h.-  wiiuii;  lOiintry  is  fo  over  rim  with 


Boot^II.   J    CHAP.2 


lofty  trccv  th;it  it  may  be  c.iUM  one  lon- 
tinuM  l>ii;e  lonll,  very  thi(k  .imi  iloli- 
toi',(tluT  ■,  anionj'.ll  wiiiiii,  arc  aininil.intcof 
p.ilnitirrs,  ami  a  lort  ot  laurels,  on  the 
mountain''.  'I'lir  liM-lhorc,  and  rivers,  arc 
bordcrVl  in  many  places  with  m.in[^rove-trccs. 

The  wood  in  p.eneral  may  he  pro|)fr  for 
buildinji;  any  loii  ot  velUI  or  Ihip  i  but,  it 
ix  veiy  luavy  .iiid  nu|.',(>ini. 

To  the  well,  Juhn  •Ihomiiu  the  lom- 
ni.indrr  of  the  bay,  has  another  plantaiion 
ol  m.'i/  ,iiul  ni.mj'.ioia,  ol  muih  mreatcr  ix- 
trnt  than  his  other,  whereui  I  have  taken 
noiifc  .drcaily. 


tiiitt. 


C  H  A  P.     II. 

Clitnntc  of  .Sicrr.i  Lcona  un-juhoU  fomc.  Comtnodities  imported  and  exported. 

Cioitnuficiir.     hilt  tilling  oj  knigs.  Religion.     Lour/c  to  he  Jteer'd  uiong 
tl:i!  ioajl,  funds  ,iud (huals. 


1 


Sierra 
L(oni. 


""HO'  th'  ,iir  of  Sitrra  Lfoiia  is  r^ooii 

or  b.'.d,    aiiording  to  the  time  and 

le.ilun  ol  the  year  •,  the  days  of  I'ummer, 
beiiijj  ei.,ir  a,id  bri^lic  in  the  open  flat 
countiy,tho'  very  hot  in  the  forenoons,  for 
the  foiitli-well  gales  of  the  alterncon  refrcfh 
the  air  very  nuith  ■,  but  in  the  W\^\\  hilly 
countries  it's  on  ilic  contrary  very  bad,  be- 
cauf.-  of  the  woods  and  torelb  :  1  lowever, 
it  can  be  truly  faid  in  general  to  be  alio- 
gethtr  very  unwiiolelbme,  for  Euyoi'i'anit^ 
as  many  En^lijlmcn  that  have  dwelt  in  the 
fort  of  the  linall  Bcmc  illand,  dui  ing  the 
higii  fealbn  of  liicycar,  could  witnels,  it  they 
hail  noidiul  there.  For  durinp;  fix  months 
itr.iins,  tluimlers,  and  is  lo  intolerably  hot, 
cl'ptei..lly  in  7"'""  and  7;//y,  that  men  mult 
of  neceliuy  keep  elofe  within  their  huts  and 
cabbinr,  lor  a  whole  fortnight,  to  be  free 
from  the  mali:  ,nity  of  the  rain-water,  which 
falls  in  gn.it  abund.incc  at  that  time,  and 
breeds  miggots  in  an  inll.int  •,  the  air  bc- 
ini'  ciuite  lorrupted  by  tiie  lightning  and 
horriil  thunder,  .itteiidul  <-  .ictimis  with 
drcadluhorn.idosoftemjH  cuous whirlwinds; 
the  days  dark  and  gioo  ny,  which  altoge- 
tiier  delhoy  and  alter  '  ae  belt  conftitution 
in  m.n  and  beaffs,  ani  the  goodnefs  of  the 
water  ..nd  provifions :  'b  that  'tis  eafy  to 
comieive  what  a  Ibrt  ol  *  'incholy  and 
milerabi.-  life  our  Ri'.r'.peani  muft,  needs  lead 
in  fvicli  a  diliii..!  ilimatc.  Uut  what  will 
not  the  profpeft  of  profit  and  gain  prevail 
with  men  to  undertake  ' 

Tliis  river  of  Hurra  Leona,  has  been  lonj; 
frequented  by  all  European  nations,  but 
more  by  the  /-.ir^^lij/j  anel  f'n:iic/j,  than  any 
other,  either  for  trade,  or  to  take  in  re- 
frefliment  in  their  way  to  the  ColJ-Conji  or 
H'ljiitah.  Tiie  goods  purchafed  here  by 
way  of  trade  are,    eleplianis  teeth,  (laves. 


fant.ilum-wood,  a  little  gold,  and  much 
bees-w.ix,  with  iiime  peails,  crylbl,  am- 
bergris, long-pepper,  6V. 

The  elephants  tcwh  are  cftccmcd  the 
bell  of  all  Ciiiincii,  being  very  wliite  anJ 
large,  I  have  had  loine  weighing  eighty 
and  a  hundred  pound,  at  a  very  modcft  ratci 
eighty  pound  ot  ivory  for  the  value  of  live 
livres  Irencb  money,  in  coarfe  knives  and 
fuch  otiier  toys  :  but  the  Portiig^uefe  fpoil 
this  tr.ide  as  muih  as  thty  can,  anddocon- 
fiderable  ilamage  to  the  liitglijh  company'* 
agents  refilling  here  i  cfpecially  in  point 
ot  Haves,  Willi  h  thi  y  are  now  forced  to 
feteh  a  gre.at  way   up  the  eountry. 

lilt  ii,wlil  iJiireti.ildl  here,  is  brought 
tiom  M.<ij(tii,^.t  .ind  other  remote  countries, 
towards  the  h'i^ir  \  or  from  South-Guiiu-a, 
by  the  river  Alitmnha. 

The  goods  carried  thither  by  \.hQ  Euro- CoiJi  lu. 
fcans  for  trade,  are,  ry'J  il^i- 

French  brandy  and  ruin. 

Iron  bars. 

White  caliieocs. 

Sleyfigcr  linnen. 

Brats  kettles. 

Eartlien  cans. 

All  torts  ot  glafs  buttons. 

Brafs  rings  or  bracelets. 

Bugles   and  glafs  beads,  of  fundry  co- 
lours. 

Brafs  medals. 

Ear-rings. 

Dutch  knives,  (call'd  Bo/mans)  firft  and 
fecond  fi/e. 

Hedging-bills  and  axes. 

Coarfe  laces. 

Cryflal  beads. 

Painted  callicoes  (red)  cali'd  chintz. 

Oil  of  olive. 

Small  dulfelg. 

Ordinary 


,,:,ll<ir'i 
UlllliJ. 


thtr. 


(Jl 

(; 

Ml 
Ok 
I'.il 
Kei 

M 
Km 

Ni 
alioM 
ahotii 

If''"'  tiilui 
is  ,1  gi 
come 
liuK;  / 
gun;v 
u  hai 
very  ^\ 
evir,  ' 
moil  W( 
millii  I 

II  I-,  n 

follow  1 1 

and  ther 

or  obli  i1 

the  moll 

not  t.tkei 

tlir.:.ib'.'i 

gritui  an^ 

one  and 

have  gif 

themf  Ivi 

yet  each 

l.ir  way, 

ftiidy  lo 

<(:ripiioii  ( 

the  other 

ft.t  tlown 

of  thole 

dila,",recal 

and  niy  t 

have  laid 

fiMg  liicir 

I  have  of 

ill  oilier  / 

or  wliiili  I 

<oiJin;;  i( 

(bine  fingi 

governniei 

ticiiiar  to 

not  obl'erv( 

'fhe  t,-,; 

I  /ira.-iw  cf  people,    as 

I  «'•'"■  liabit  tlie 
each  of  th( 
in  chief,  v 
to  tiieir  IT); 
of  ad  com 
twien  jiriv. 
upon  orcal 
nary  in  i lie 


Mmhii- 


ih 


Chap.2.  Coaps  of  So\jr  n-G u i n i-:  a. 


(■'/'>ir  I 


Ordin-iry  tuns,  musktfi,  anJ  I'uzils. 

(;'.in-i'Ow..liT. 

Miifl«t-l),ills  and  fhot. 

Old  Ihects. 

P.ipi-r. 

Red  caju. 

M<n%  lliirti. 

All  forts  ol  co.mtcrffit  pc.irls. 

Red  lottoii. 

N  inovv  biiuKof  lilk  lUiirs,  or  worflni, 
aliuM  li  dly.ird  hroad,  tor  woiiuii,  ulcd 
;il)oiii  ih  ir  wjilh. 
r,ii:«j;.i  Molt  ol  lilt'  HLiiki  about  tiip  bay  Ipcak 
If''"'  titlui  I'oitiiy^iirff,  or /.</(;,'».<  Irtinui,  wliitli 
is  a  jMcai  couvfiiiincc  to  the  l'.urof>ciiti)  wlio 
foinc  liiilitT,  anil  lonie  alio  uiuicrUani!  i 
litil.  L.ir'JiJb  or  Dull)'.  'I'iic  ((nuinon  Ian 
i'^u.i;vot  I  111.-  (oiMiiry,  i'.  ilu  dialtit  ot  liiiilni, 
a  I. aid,  uiipli  .ilmi!;  tonj'.uc  lo  tlran^H'rs, 
very  ditlii  nil  to  be  deli  rihcd.  I  had,  iiow- 
cvcr,  I'olkdt'.d  Itiinc  ot  tiic  ordinary  coni- 
inoii  word.;  ,.nd  plirafcs,  but  have  fincc 
mill  lid  Ir, 
nfitefiht  Ii  is  to  1)1'  obfcrv'd,  that  I  tlo  not  cxaftly 
follinv  ilic  oni'T  of  ilcfiTipiion  •,  I  take  lirr',' 
and  tliir(  ,.is  ii  comts  to  mind,  futU  remarks 
{,\-  olll  rv.itioii',  of  tilings,  as  ficm  to  me 
the  mull  fm^nil.ir  and  ulclul,  andwliirharc 
not  taken  notice  of  in  otlur  places,  already 
ililJiib'-d.  I'or  tho*  all  tl\i:  Blacks  of  M- 
gyit ui  .\nd  of  (iiiiiic.itn.w  Ik  look'd  upon  as 
oni"  and  the  fame  peoi'lcj  in  general,  and 
have  ^',reac  affinity  and  refcmblance  among 
thcmf-  Ivi  s,  ;'i"i  to  their  manners  and  tulloms  -, 
yet  cacjj  n.itioii  or  people  has  its  pa'cieu- 
lar  way,  in  one  thin[r  or  other,  which  I 
lliidy  lo  relate,  as  it  oceius  in  the  ilc- 
icriplioii  of  each  refpctlivc  country  one  aftir 
the  otlur-,  referrini'  otluT  thiiij^s,  I  do  not 
lit  down  in  it,  to  vvliat  1  have  laid  already 
<jf  I  hole  1)1  a.-Hiva  and  Gambia,  to  avoiil 
difa;',reeable  repetitions,  and  five  the  readers 
and  my  fi  If  a  trouble.  I/or  example,  I 
liive  laid  iiiithiiij;',  here  of  ihc  way  ot  ihef- 
fiM^',  their  rice  anil  maiz,  referring  it  to  what 
I  have  oblevvcd  uf  the  manni  rot  doing  this 
in  other  AVr"  countries  already  delcnbed, 
oruhieii  I  Iball  del' ribe  hereafter.  And  ac- 
(ordinj',  to  iliis  Kill,  I  am  now  to  relate 
Ibme  fin[!,iilar  ways  and  culloms  in  point  of 
government  and  riliyion,  which  ate  \\\v- 
ticislar  to  thj  peojilc  oi  Sierra  Lcona-,  and 
not  o'ofcrved  by  otiicr  Ne'^roes  elfewhere. 
jUmWi-  'I'he  Ciii'ez  and  Cnmbas,  the  two  Ibrts  of 
ftrii:ic<i<f  people,  as  I  laid  b'.lore,  wiio  pofLfs  or  in- 
habit t'le  kin[];'lom  of  Surra  Lioua,  have 
each  of  ihem  a  p.cnliar  king  or  commaiKJtr 
in  cliief,  who  adminiller  julHce,  according 
to  thrir  maxin.  and  c(>nllitiiion,  and  judge 
of  a'l  f ontrovei  fies  ami  debates  arifing  be- 
tween private  peifons :  To  this  effedt,  and 
upon  orcalioii  rif  catd'es,  either  extraordi- 
nary inili.ir  iiiuurc,  or  othawilcof  impor- 


(.llKf. 


10? 

tan«';  1  they  hold  their  court  in  a /''/(»(oi,  or  lUnmsT 
fort  of  a  gdlery  erec'U-d  round  tlicir  dwd  ViO^'"^ 
ling  v\.u  e  I  Nvhu  h  n  nothing  bui  a  hrap  ul 
round  eabbiiiH,  or  huts  built  mgeth.  t.  'I"li.  re 
the  king  fits  on  a  lort  of  throne  fonuwhat 
railed  Iroin  the  ground,  cover'd  with  \try 
fiiip  mats,  hi'i  lounlellors  rntingafoii  fiin 
0114  fort  of  Inn;',  I  hairs  ,  thof;  coiinltllon 
being  the  ablelt  |)erli.inH  ot  tiie  country, 
whom  thi-y  tail  Sauilriji,is, 

I'he  contending  parties  are  call'd  in,  with  i.\ryiri. 
their  counlel  or  advocates  i  men  who  un- 
dcrtland  and  lludy  ilie  coiiflitutions  of  tlie 
country,  and  plead  their  caule,  cither  livil 
or  criminal :  which  being  heard,  the  king 
takes  theojiinion  of  his  Sol(ilej)iti>,  and  .ic- 
cordingly  pronounces  the  fentence  delini- 
livi  Iv,  which  he  orders  to  be  executed  in 
his  own  prcfcnee.  In  i  ale  of  crimes,  tho' 
ever  In  I  mail,  ilie  convii'lcd  criminal  is 
banifti'd  thecouniry. 

One  thing  very  fingular  in  this  court, 
is,  that  the  7/w;.i,  or  advoiates,  cannot 
ple.id  any  cauli;  before  the  king,  without 
being  inalk'd,  having  liiappers  in  their 
hands,  fmall  brafs  bells  at  tiieir  ligs,  and 
a  fort  ot  Iroek  on  their  bodies,  adorned 
with  variety  of  birds  feathers,  wliich  makes 
them  look  more  like  buifoons  and  merry 
andrew.s,  than  men  of  law. 

The  ceremony  of  creafing  and  inftalling 
II  S'i!alr!'j'i:s,  is  no  lels  ridiculous  t!un  the 
formci-  account  given  of  the  drcfs  ot'  a  iVcLv;, 
or  advocate. 

The  king  being  fiuted  in  his  Funkos,  fends soUtet- 
for  the  perfon  litd^yi'd  ;  hi;  is  order'd  toquis,  «r 
fit  In  a  wooden  chair,  adorned  aftor  thcirj'"'!"' 
ma-iner.  The  king  ttrikes  him  feveral  times 
on  the  fice  with  the  bloody  pluck  of  a 
goat,  kill'd  for  that  ceremony,  and  rubs 
the  face  all  over  with  meal  oi  Imliain  orn  ; 
which  done,  he  puis  a  red  hat  on  his  head, 
pronouncing  the  word  Sdatf/quis.  After 
which,  he  is  carry 'd  three  times  about  the 
place  of  the  ceremony,  n.  the  chair  -,  and 
tor  three  days  tug'-thcr  this  new  coi'.nfellor 
teatls  all  the  peopl.  of  the  village.  'I'ho 
entertainment  coniills  of  eating,  drinking, 
dancing,  tire-works  and  fdvo's  of  fm.dl  ar- 
tillery ;  which  being  ovc  r,  a  bullock  is 
kill'ii,  and  divided  amongll  .dl  the  gneils. 

riie  royal  dignity  was  hereditary  before 
the  f-^ii'jas  fubduccl  this  country.  The 
youngelt  ton  of  the  decealod  king  gene- 
rally fuccceded  i  and  for  want  of  fuin,  the 
nearell  relation  was  inftali'd  in  the  dignity 
alter  this  manner. 

Abundance  of  people  having  repaired  to  Bittn- 
hi .  houfe,  to  vifit  him  as  a  private  perfon, '"«.»  .f 
he  was  thence  brought  to  the  deceas'd  king's **'''*'''X'' 
houfe,  being  tied  fall,  every  body  fcoifing 
at  him  by  the  way,   and  even  beating  him 
with  rods.    Uring  come  to  Uie  king'shouft't 

be 


'ii 


n 


i  !1 


i, 

"f 


I04 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  II 


rii 


I'f 


*i 


11' 


t.|'.  *  'H 


BARnoT.he  was  clad  in  the  kingly  ornaniPnts,  and 
N^V^'  thus  led  to  the  Fuiikos,  wi\tre  the  Solatrfqiiis 
and  prime  men  of  the  country  were  betorc, 
expeding  him :  then  the  cldtft  of  the  coun- 
fcilors,  m.ide  a  fpcech  to  the  people  there 
prefent,  of  the  necclTity  of  creating  a  king  •, 
and  then  proceeded  to  a  kindof  p.in.gyrick 
of  the  perfon  to  be  invcited  with  that  dig- 
nity. I'his  being  over,  he  prelented  him 
with  an  ax,  putting  it  into  his  hand,  to  fig- 
nify  tiiat  a  good  king  ougiu  to  punifh  male- 
fadtors  •  after  whiiii,thc  king  was  jirociaimM 
by  tin  unanimous  confent  ot  all  the  aflllhnts, 
and  c\ery  one  paid  his  homage  to  him  ac- 
cording to  their  cuftom. 

The  lieceafcd  kings  are  buried  in  the  high- 
ways leading  to  their  villages  ;  alledging  for 
this  cullom,  :]nt  thofe  who  have  been  \'o 
murh  didinguilh'd  above  other  pcrfons  by 
their  rank  and  (]uality,  are  alio  to  be  fe- 
parartd  liom  chcni  after  tlicir  death. 

The  ceremonial  part  in  burying  their  kings 
is  'iv'ch  the  fanu'  as  has  been  already  men- 
tion'd  in  other  countries  before  deicribed  ; 
putiiig  into  their  graves  all  their  belt  goods, 
creding  a  root  over  the  fame,  or  (u\  cling 
it  with  fome  fhcets,  or  other  cloth.  This 
cullom  is  likewil'e  ufed  at  theburialscf  pri- 
vate p?r)bns  ;  the  corps  being  always  at- 
tendctl  froni  the  moment  of  the  perfon's 
deceafe,  whether  king  or  fubjeft,  but  more 
or  Icis  according  to  his  quality,  by  feveral 
mourners  and  weepers,  paid  for  that  pur- 
pofe,  who  howl  and  cry  more  or  lefs  ac- 
cording to  the  reward  or  falary  they  receive. 

Religion. 
'T'HE  Porttiguefe  milTionaries  about  the 
-■■  beginning  of  the  laft  Century  had  made 
many  converts  in  this  country,  the  people 
following  the  example  of  their  king  Fntima, 
and  of  iome  grandees  of  the  land,  whom  the 
jefuit  Bti'-trira  baptized  about  the  year 
1607.  But  both  the  king  and  his  followers 
relapled  into  their  idolatry,  and  grols  Ptt- 
ganifm. 

The  Negroes  here  wear  Grigr;,  or  i'pells 
and  charms,  at  their  necks,  arms  and  el  bows, 
breafls  and  legs  v  confiding  of  toys,  and  ibr- 
did  things,  tor  which  they  let  apart  every 
timeth(.y  cat  or  drink  a  iinall  portion,  and 
will  never  [',0  to  lea,  or  on  rivers  in  their  long 
canoes,  without  fuch  (lore  of  this  trafh  a- 
bout  'em,  as  they  fancy  will  prel'erve  them 
from  all  manner  of  accidents;  being  very 
obfervant  in  praying  to  them,  but  elpecial- 
!y  to  tlie  Grigri,  or  charm,  which  they 
fuppofe  has  a  particular  authority  upon  the 
fea.  Neither  will  they  omit  to  mumble 
over  fome  words  when  the  voy.age  is  ended, 
to  thank  the  Grigri  for  the  care  it  has  had 
of  'em. 
Flats  7.      I  have  drawn  in  the  cut  here  annex'd  the 


li- 


figure  of  a  Fc-liihe,  Grigri,  or  idol,  I  once 
law  in  that  wood,  as  I  was  gi.;ing  from  t'.ie 
fountain,  to  the  village  weftwaid  of  it  •, 
rcprcfenting,  as  WlU  as  they  are  able  to 
make  it  with  clay,  a  man's  head  ll^t  upon 
a  pedeftal,  of  tlie  fame  clay,  under  a  ihiall 
hut,  to  cover  it  from  the  weather.  They 
have  many  of  thefe  idols,  as  I  was  told, 
upon  the  roads  about  the  countries  of  Bculm 
and  Timna,  and  near  their  houfcs,  to  prc- 
ferve  and  honour  the  memory  of  their  de- 
ceafed  relations  and  friends.  I  have  been 
alfo  told  here,  that  fometinies  the  Nrgrocs 
mutter  in  their  devotions  to  thefe  idols,  tlic 
names  of  /Ibriibam,  I/iiac;  anil  J.iccb. 

If  there  be  any  Mahomctmis  in  this  king- 
dom, 'tis  more  than  I  ever  heard  of,  and 
they  mull  dwell  far  off,  towards  the  Nig-r. 
However,  a  Lite  author  affirms,  that  all 
the  people  of  Rouim,  Tunna,  Cihii,  as  well 
as  tiiofe  of  Hondo,  ii^i/oit,  IV.iJit,  Gala, 
and  Alonoit,  'the  foutiiward,  are  circui'  - 
cilcd  after  the  Atdbjinelan  manner;  I'lat 
they  own  but  one  God,  m.tkcr  of  heaven 
and  earth,  and  of  all  things  therein  con- 
tain'd  ;  that  they  do  not  worlliip  creatures, 
not  even  the  fun  or  the  oon.  That  thty 
never  reprefent  the  deity,  nor  the  Ipirits,  by 
corporeal  figures  of  men  or  of  beads,  calling 
the  fupreme  god  Canon,  whom  they  look 
upon  as  the  revenger  of  crimes:  taking 
him  for  witnels  of  the  fincerity  of  their 
words,  being  perfuaded  he  takes  notice  of 
all  things,  and  will  judge  all  men ;  hold- 
ing this  opinion,  very  firmly,  that  a  time 
will  come,  when  all  wicked  men  diall  be 
puiiini'i!  nctording  to  their  works.  But 
they  believe  tiiat  all  deceafcd  perfons  be- 
come pure  Ipirits,  knowing  all  things,  and 
concerning  themfelves  with  all  that  palFes 
in  their  families :  thence  it  is,  they  confult 
them  in  all  their  doubts,  and  invoke  them 
in  their  adverfitics,  fuppofing  they  will  help 
them  in  a  Ipiritual  manner  ;  and  when  they 
are  going  to  hunt  elephants,  or  boufflcrs,  or 
to  any  other  perillous  exercife,  they  ofler 
facrifice  to  the  fouls  of  their  kindred,  and 
lay  wine  or  rice  on  their  graves,  tjfc.  But 
of  this  more  hereafter. 

TIk  courle  to  bring  fliips  out  of  the 
river,  for  the  I'outh,  is  this.  If  'tis  a  gale 
from  N  E.  or  N.  weigh  anchor  at  young 
ebb,  that  you  may  go  through ;  if  the 
wind  flackens,  come  to  anchor  again  till 
the  next  tide  of  ebb,  which  will  drive  the 
fliip  athwart,  the  head  at  N.  with  the  fore- 
lail ;  for  'tis  always  a  frefli  gale  in  the  af- 
ternoons, to  carry  the  fliip  thus  a  league 
an  hour,  always  Ibunding.  If  forced  to  cad 
anchor,  do  it  before  the  point,  about  an 
Englijh  mile  from  cape  Led<,  or  Tugrin,  in 
fifteen  fathom  water.  When  you  weigh 
anchor  again,   at    proper  time,  keep  to, 

the 


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of  the 
lis  a  giile 
at  yoviiif.', 

i  if  the 
again  till 
drive  the 

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in  the  af- 
leag'.ie 

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about  ail 


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yL 

Chap.  3.  Coafts  of  South-Guinea. 


10^ 


the  Iic^u  at  W.  and  W  N  W.  as  near 
the  wind  as  polTiblc,  following  the  chan- 
nel in  ten,  nine,  and  eight  fathom  water, 
without  fearing  the  banks,  or  Baixos  di 
St.  Jmi'i,  to  the  S  W.  of  the  cape,  which 
are  eafily  known  by  the  breaking  of  the 
fea  v  and  thus  infenfibly  you'll  come  from 
ten  into  liftcen  fatliom  muddy  fand,  and 
again  into  twelve,  eleven,  ten,  or  nine  fa- 
thom, famt-  ground.  Next  you'll  (Veer 
N  W.  and  N  N  W.  in  nine,  ten,  eleven 
twelve  and  thirtheen  fathom,  coarfe  ground  , 
then  tack  about,  the  head  at  S.  and  S  S 1",. 
in  thirteen  and  fourteen  fathom,  till  yau 
come  into  nine  or  ten  ;  here  you'll  be  di- 
reflly  on  the  B.iixos  de  St.  Anna  ;  therefore 
tack  again  to  N  W.  till  you  be  in  fourteen 
or  fifteen  fatliom,  muddy  flind  and  yellr>w  -, 
and  keep  thus  playing  to  and  fro,  making 
a  good  watch,  fo  you'll  reach  tiie  welt  of 
the  Biiixos,  or  flioals,  and  being  come  into 
thirty  five  and  forty  fathom,  yellow  muddy 
ground,  there  order  the  courfe  S  E.  coailing 
the  faid  Baixos,  or  flioals.  At  this  rate,  be- 
ing bound  to  the  fouthward,  you'll  get  fight 
either  of  Sherbro  ifland,  or  of  Rio  das  Ga- 
Unhas. 

In  my  lafl:  voyage,  we  got  fight  of  this 
river,  by  reafon  we  had  kept  too  wide 
from  the  Baixos,  or  flioals,  in  coming  from 
cape  Verde  ;  the  tides  of  the  Bijfegos  driv- 
ing us  from  th^  Drogfani,  in  the  calm. 
It  was  a  very  tedious  tirefome  navigation, 
and  the  heats  fo  excefTive  and  intolerable, 
that  it  craz'd  the  brain  of  fomc  of  our 
crew,  and  all  in  general  had  violent  pains 
in  the  head. 
Biijosde  Take  heed  not  to  intangle  your  fclf  a- 
Si.Anna.  mong  the  Baixos  de  Si.  Anna,  for  they  are 
dangerous  flioals,  and  you  may  be  drove 
on  the  fmall  iflands  by  dead  calms,  which 
.ite  frequent  here.  Small  fliips,  who  coming 
out  from  Sierra  Lcoiia,  and  bound  to  the 
fouch,  eafily  pals  over  the  Baixos,  or  flioals, 
where  there  is  generally  five  or  fix  fathom 
water,  and  good  anchoring  every  where. 
At  my  lad  trip,  I  fpoke  with  a  maftcr  of 
an  En^liJ/j  veflel,  in  fight  of  Rio  das  Galin- 
bas,  who  had  pafs'd  over  the  Bai.xos  in  ten 


days  time,  and  another  Eiigtii-j  mailer  iBMinm-. 
met  afterwards  at  Rio  S.jJro,  told  nie,  lit  V^Y^»^ 
had  fper.t  five  weeks  in  palFing  over  tlicm. 
Wherefore  I  think  it  not  very  prudcn"  to 
carry  a  large  fliip  over,  nor  to  I'ai!  it  at 
too  great  a  diftance  from  tlicni  ;  whether 
you  come  diredly  from  Euro/e,  or  only 
from  cape  Verde,  or  from  tlie  river  of 
Sierra  Leoia,  but  range  the  fliid  flioals,  as 
near  as  you  can  guels  practicable :  for  tlio* 
it  fliould  happen  you  were  carried  on  them, 
you  might  eaiily  get  from  tiieni  again  with 
a  little  labour  and  lofs  of  time,  either  by 
anchoring  on  'em,  when  the  wind  fails,  or 
by  towing  the  fliip  with  tne  boats,  if  the 
tide  be  not  too  (liong ;  obferving  wlicn 
you  fail  over,  to  have  the  pinnace  row- 
ing a-head  of  the  fliip,  and  founding  con- 
tinually. 

I  repeat  it  again,  avoid  failing  too  far 
out  at  fea  from  tiie  flioals,  for  fear  of 
rcndring  the  pafliige  very  long  and  te- 
dious ;  it  being  generally  obfeived,  that 
the  calms  are  much  greater,  and  dead  at 
fea,  than  they  are  on  or  near  them. 

If  coming  from  the  northward,  and 
bound  to  the  fouthward,  you  put  in  ac 
Sierra  Leoiia  in  the  high  fcafon,  'twill  be 
a  very  difficult  tafli  to  pafs  the  Baixos  de 
St.  Anna,  and  proceed  on  your  voyage, 
becaufc  of  the  frequent  heavy  tornados  from 
S.  andSSW.  and  the  high  winds,  which 
will  certainly  keep  you  back  a  long  time, 
if  not  totally  obfl:rud  it ;  fome  having  fpenc 
three  or  four  months  before  they  could 
weather  the  faid  Baixos,  and  'tis  much 
properer  to  ftay  at  Sierra  Leona  during  that 
bad  feafon,  in  expedation  of  the  return  of 
good  weather,  to  proceed  then  to  the  fouth- 
ward without  danger  or  great  toils  and  fa- 
tigues i  or  not  to  depart  from  Europe  till 
the  beginning  oW/^ober,  to  enjoy  the  whole 
fummer  feafon  in  Guinea,  wliich  renders  the 
voyage  eafy  and  plcafant  :  for  then  a  fliip 
may  anchor  any  wiiere  without  the  leaffc 
danger,  all  along  the  coall,  and  prevent 
fliipwreck,  which  has  been  the  fate  of  many 
wiio  happen'd  to  be  on  the  coaft  in  the 
boifterous  feafon. 


CHAP.    HI. 

St.  Anne's  bay ;  rivers  Banquc,  Gamboas,  Cerbera,  das  Galinhas,  Sherbro,  Ply- 
2oge,  Mavah,  Aguada,  S.  Paolo,  Arvoredo,  Corfo,  &c.  Englifh  fort  and 
fatlory  i  indujlriotis  Blacks  j  cape  Melurado ;  Petit  Dieppe.  'Produil  and 
trade,  from  cafe  Tagrin  to  Rio  iieftro. 


,I«  of  St.  rip  HE   coaft:  from  cape  tagrin  to  the 
'  fnnc,       ^    \^i\nASherhro  ox  Cerbera,  Ktncom-^^i- 
fed  by  the  Baixos  de  St.  Anna,  and  runs  SE  by 
S.  forming  the  large  bay  or  Angra  St.Amia, 
Vol.  V. 


which  reaches  almoft  to  Rio  de  Ga/nhoai.  On 
the  north-fide  of  this  bay,  are  the  iflands 
Bravas  or  Bannanas,  tiie  Lirgeft  of  which  is 
alio  the  higheft  land,  fupplying  the  failors 
E  c  with 


10^ 


A  Defcr'tption  of  the 


Book  II. 


Am 


fymii 


:  1  ■■    ^1 


M:A 


t'«::* 


■  ■■  ■      ,. 


«-*f  }.)■ 


if  . 


%f 


Soaf 


y,[ftr. 


B\imoT.  widi  wood  and  txcdlent  frclli  water,  .ind 
'»''V"^  witli  all  Ions  of  plants  and  animals  that  arc 
foiinil  in  the  oiijiofuc  main  land. 

The  fur  in.indsi9wy;/'n7V/arc  on  the  fouth 
of  the  fame  liay  o(  St.  Anne,  producing  a- 
bundance  of  oranges,  lemons,  palm-wine, 
and  I'li^'T-canes  growing  wild,  which  isa  de- 
nionllration  that  the  foil  is  proper  for  fugar- 
piantatio.is  ;  beilJes,  that  there  are  many 
brooks  and  fprings  which  would  turn  the 
mills  at  a  cheap  rate :  here  arc  alfo  banana's, 
great  quantities  of  bees-was,  red  wood  call'd 
C:iiH  uaril,  much  better  than  Brazil,  for 
it  will  llrve  fevcn  times  ilicceflively,  as  I 
have  been  told  in  Euroje. 

The  natives  make  foap  with  palm-oil  and 
palm-tree  afhes,  fo  highly  vaiu'd  by  the 
Portugufi'i-  r.-fu'ing  in  tliofc  parts,  tliat  they 
will  not  luil'er  it  to  be  exported  to  any  parts 
of  Por/!,y-i!,  left  it  fhould  undo  the  foap- 
boilers  in  that  kingdom. 

Here  is  a  fort  of  timber  call'd  Aiigelin, 
very  plenty,  and  proper  to  build  fliips. 

The  Piiiiftito  del  Cola  or  dc  R.ibo,  is  alfo 
very  plenty,  long,  and  tally,  and  better  va- 
lued than  right  pepper  of  Boruco,  and  for 
that  reafon  prohibited  in^/rt»;,  leftitfliould 
fpoil  the  Edjl-liidia  trade. 

The  Portuguefe  carry  it  to  the  Gold  Coajl, 
where  they  mix  it  with  Cv;;;Mix?pper. 

The  idanders  make  very  good  matches  cf 
the  bark  of  the  Miiiiigiieite-:rce.  They  pre- 
tend to  have  gold  and  iron  mines  in  their 
little  iflands,  and  fay  they  were  feparated 
Irom  the  continent,  as  they  now  appear,  by 
an  earthquake. 

The  depth  of  water  in  the  bay  or  Aii- 
^^>,!  dr  Si.  Aura,  is  five,  fix,  feven,  eight 
fathoms  mud.  The  Portuguefe  word  Fur- 
no  fignifies  G.'tl/'b.  Here  are  four  rivers 
running  out  into  the  ica,  one  of  which, 
the  A'.o  Biuique,  is  navigable  for  large  fliips; 
the  three  others  are  not  much  frequented, 
the  country  about  being  ?.  vaft  thick  foreft, 
which  harbours  abundance  of  elephants,  buf- 
faloes, wild  boars,  foxcs,  tortoiles,  and  cro- 
codiles near  the  water-fide.  The  hanks  of 
thefe  rivers  are  are  all  hemm'd  in  with  man- 
grove-trees, on  which  (lick  abundance  of 
oifters.  There  are  alfo  fome  lemons  in  the 
woods. 

The  Rio  G.iini'Ciis  is  two  leagues  to  the 
fourhward  of  thefe  Somhreres,  having  a  bar 
at  the  mouth  or  entrance.  The  town  Concho 
is  fifteen  leagues  further  up  the  river,  whofe 
water  is  deep  cpough  to  carry  fmall  craft 
and  fioops  fo  high,  for  there  is  fome  little 
traffick  drove  at  this  Combn. 

From  Rio  de  Gamhoai  to  a.'i  Sherbro  or 
Caybera,  the  co.iih  lies  SE.  andNW.  ha- 
ving the  iflands  T'ota  between  both  iVcrs. 

Thefe  ifiands  lie  N  W.  from  Sherbic,  ?.I1 
three  on  a  line,  low  flat  land,  with  rocks 
and  flioals  on  the  N  E.  fide.     They  have 


Banqus 
riiir. 


Gamboas 
rixn. 


Shetbro 
rivtr. 


much  the  fame  plants  and  protiuift  as  on 
the  continent  •,  butefpccially  ]'lantains,  and 
tlience  call'd  the  P!ar,tam  IJlunds  by  the 
Enxlijh. 

The  tides  of  Tota  and  of  Sbtrbro  point, 
drive  fomewhat  to  the  fouth. 

The  ifland  Ccrhera  extends  ENE.  and 
W  N  W.  about  ten  leagues,  its  north  point 
reaching  vi  ry  near  the  ifles  of  Tcta,  and  is 
every  wl\ere  flat  land,  lying  over  againft 
Sherbro  river,  that  is  to  fay,  to  the  ealt- 
ward  of  it. 

The  Ewf ///-?)  call  \t  Sherbro  ;  the  Butch,  St. 
Aiiiiii  or  Miijfti-qtwj'i  \  *he  Portuguefe,  Fa- 
ruiha  and  Farcltoem  \  and  the  ^^reiuh,  Cer- 
bcra. 

The  country  abounds  in  rice,  maiz,  ig- 
names,  bananas,  potatoes,  India>if\Q^f,,  a- 
n.uias,  citrons,  oranges,  pompi^ns,  water- 
melons, and  the  fruit  Ccta,  by  the  Englifb 
call'd  Col,  poultry  in  plenty,  and  breedeth 
grtat  numbers  of  elephants,  who  often  re- 
pair to  the  villages. 

The  oifters  here  produce  very  fine  pearls  ; 
but  it  is  very  dangerous  taking  of  them,  be- 
caufe  of  the  infinite  number  of  fliarks  lying 
about  the  ifland,  amongft  the  flioaU  and 
rocks. 

The  iflanders  are  grofs  pagans,  faid  to 
worfliip  Demons  more  than  any  other  B'acki 
in  Ni^ritia,  and  yet  circumcife  themfelves ; 
tho'  I  did  not  hear  of  any  Mal'ometans  a- 
niongfl:  them. 

The  royal  .■^);Vii/;  cuii|niiy  Ijas  a  fmall  Eng'IH 
fort  be'ow  the  river,  1,'iely  built  on  th -/"'''• 
the  ifland  JV[' ',  wh'ch  '■■  clole  XoSheih-o 
ifland,  on  the  north-fide  oi  riie  call  j'oi;  tof 
it,  and  near  to  tlse  icirg's  vlll,u.y\  foi  the  I'e- 
cuniy  of  the  trade  in  thofe  i-arts.  Tis  builc 
fquare  ;  having  tliree  round  flankers,  and  a 
fquarc  one,  with  eleven  guns-,  and  about 
twenty  paces  from  theforton  thefea-beach, 
two  large  round  flankers  with  five  good  guns 
in  each,  all  built  with  fl:one  and  lime,  and 
defended  by  about  twenty-five  wnite  men, 
and  between  fifty  and  fixty  Gromettoes,  all 
in  the  company's  pay. 

There  wa--  another  lodge  of  the  company, 
on  the  main  land,  oppofite  to  the  eafl  point 
of  Cerbera  ifland,  before  this  new  fort  was 
built.  ■ 

Kio  Cerbera  or  Sherbro 
T  -S  a  large  river  coming  from  very  far  up  the  Usjr.rtl 
■*■  inland  to  thefea,  through  the  country  of"" 
Boulm-Afonou,  a  land  full  of  morafles  and 
fwampygrounds,andlofethitfelf  intheocean 
near  Cerbera  ifland  :  fome  call  it  Af,id> ,- Bom- 
be;  others,  RinSeibobe;  others,  Rioda:  Pal- 
nws,  from  the  Po'iugueje ;  from  whom,  per- 
haps, may  have  been  derived  the  other  name 
of  Cerbera,  given  it  by  fome. 

This  river  is  very  large,  and  na-'gahle  i  jr 
fliips  of  burden  for  twenty  leagues  uj)  to  rl'.c 

tow  i< 


Book  II. 


;  as  on 
IS,  and 
by  the 

>  point, 

E.  and 
th  point 
I,  and  is 
againfl: 
he  tail- 

Mib,Sl. 
uefe,  I'it- 
nch,  Cer- 

Tiaiz,  ig- 
;-figs,  a- 
is,  watcr- 
he  Englijh 
1  breedcth 
»  often  re- 

ine  pearls ; 
tliem,  be- 
larks  lying 
flioaU  and 

ns,  f.iid  to 
)th«  RLi.ks 
hemfclvcs  ; 
loiiiciuns  a- 

i,,is  a  fniall  Eni-'iiS. 
uilt  on  th./""' 
;  to  Sh.'>'>'o 

r,  jp.ViLtot 

foi  the  le- 

r  is  built 

kcrs,  and  a 

and  about 
e  fca-beach, 

good  guns 

lid  lime,  and 

Wiiite  men, 

'iiiiHoe!,  all 

Ik  company, 
lie  laft  point 
lew  fort  was 


Irrro 
sryfaruptheJ<j/r.r«| 
Ic  country  of  «"»'■  ' 

noraflcs  and 
If  in  the  ocean 
\.\[,htn-}iom- 

Rio  dai  Pal- 

whom,  per- 
|c  otlier  name 

ia-':'?;ablet.)r 
Lies  up  to  tlic 
t()\^  n 


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Chap 


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lilll! 


Knglifh 
fiihry. 


■^1 


Chap.  3- 


Coajlf  of  Sour  K-GuiiJE\. 


KngliOi 


t  )wn  of  Biii,n,  bf  longinj:;  to  the  prince  of 
Ji'^iilm  ;  nnil  for  hrig.iiuim-s  ami  Hoops  of  fc- 
vcmy  or  eighty  tuns,  drawing  but  feven  l<i<)t 
jnJ  an  h.ilf  w.itcr,  to  tliirty  miles  above  AVi/- 
hamavKidbain,  whitliisiipthc  rivertwo  Inin- 
clred.inil  fifty  /iV^/yA  niiles,  tho'  very  diffi- 
cult to  fail  up,  for  the  prodigious  thicknels 
of  rullics,  with  which  the  banks  arccover'd  i 
being  in  I'onie  places  fo  very  narrow,  that  the 
channel  iuhoak'dupwith  them  on  cither  fide, 
and  n:ull  ot  ncreinty  be  founded  all  along 
with  poles ;  and  ftill  grows  lli  illower  antl 
fliallower  upwards,  there  being  fcarce  ten,  or 
nine  foot  water  in  many  places  in  /Ipril  and 
May,  the  fitteft  time  for  the  voyage  up  the 
river  to  trade  for  Cam-wood,  which  is  there 
extraordinary  plentiful  and  cheap.  But 
!n  Aujiijl  and  Stflenik-r,  after  the  rains  are 
fallen,  the  banks  are  all  overflowed  ;  and 
in  the  channel  of  the  river,  there  is  fifteen  or 
fixtcen  foot  water,  where  there  was  but  nine 
or  ten  befoie  ■,  (b  that  it  is  much  eafier  for 
(loops  to  come  down,  and  yet  troiiblcromi; 
enough,  bcraiifeof  the  many  heavy  tornadoes, 
attended  with  horrid  thuniler  at  this  time, 
which,  when  they  arc  feen  cotning,  muit  be 
yielded  to  by  calling  anchor,  and  mooring 
iheveflcl  larboard  and  ftarboard,  or  making 
it  faft,  with  cables,  to  fome  large  trees  near 
the  river-fide,  where  there  are  many. 

It  is  well  inhabited  all  along  the  banks, 
and  the  natives  are  very  civil  people. 

This  river  receiveth  into  it,  near  the  fea, 
two  other  larger  ones,  viz.  Rio  Torro  at 
N  W,  and  Rio  de  St.  Anna  at  S  E.  torro  o- 
verflows  the  country  twice  a  year,  being 
fliallow,  and  choak'd  with  fmall  iflands  and 
Ihoals,  fo  that  the  tide  cannot  go  very  high 
uj) ;  yet  it  is  navigable  for  fmall  barks  and 
brigantines. 

Rio  Sk-rbro  breeds  abundance  of  croco- 
diles, and  water-ckph.ints,  a  wild  dangerous 
fort  of  animal. 

The  Ey.g.ijh  have  a  fadory  at  B.igos  or 
B  iga,  about  twenty  leagues  uj)  the  river  en 
the  north  fide  of  it. 

The  lands  of  Cifm-Monou  are  fifteen  ot 
fixtcen  leagues  further  up  again ;  and  the 
town  of  f^iiinn-Mcrj,  thirty  or  thirty-two 
leagues  above  Cilm-Monou,  a  very  populous 
town,  but  the  inhabitants  not  lb  kind  or 
good-natured,  and  very  difficult  to  be  treated 
with. 

The  country  is  very  fertile  in  rice,  and  a- 
bounds  in  all  the  Lw.t  kindsof  pl.;nts  and 
animals  I  mention'd  to  be  in  the  ifiand  Cer- 
hera  and  adjacent  places,  and  is  alio  very 
populous.  The  Blncki  commonly  wear  a 
I'rock  ot  Itriped  callico,  as  do  alfo  thofe  in 
Ci7/'t7Viin,ind,havingallthelamecu(lomsand 
manners.  The  town  is  behind  a  large  wood, 
anil  cannot  be  feen  from  the  road  •,  but  the 
inhabitants  come  out  in  canoes  aboard  fliips 
rilling  there,   and  bring  plantains,   palm- 


wine,  honey,  rice,  chickens,  and  fugar-canes.  ^^^tllll•. 
'I'he  town  is  very  large  arid  populous,  but  ^VVJ 
the  houles  very  mean  and  low,    txiept  a 
great  one  llanding  in  the  middle  of  the  town, 
where  the  princip.il  negroes  make  their  af- 
femblies  and  receive  (trangers. 

The  inundations  of  this  river,  at  the  pro- 
per feafons,  contribute  very  niiK  h  to  lerti- 
lize  the  foil. 

The  proper  goods  to  purchafe  the  C',i/«- 
woodin<\  elephants  teeth  in  Hberbi'o  river,  are 
chiefly  thcfej 

Bral's  balbnsand  kettles,  * 

Pewter  batons  and  tankards, 

Iron  bars, 

Bugles, 

Painted  callicoes, 

Cuinf/i  ifuifsor  cloths, 

Uoiliwd  linnen  or  cloth, 

Mufl<ets,  powder,  and  ball. 

A  fliip  may  in  two  months  time,  out  and 
home,  purchale  heie  fifty  tun  of  Cam-wood, 
and  four  tun  of  el,|)lunts  teeth,  or  more. 

The  Cam-wood  is  a  much  better  Ibrt  oP' 
red  wood,    tor  dyer's  ufe,  than  the  Brazil, 
and  accounted  the  bell  in  all  Giaiiea.     It  will 
i'erve  feven  times  over,  and  the  lall  time  i.s 
itill  efteaual. 

From  the  fouth  point  of  Rio  Cerbera  to  f'^'i"'"* 
that  of  Galiitkis,    the  coall  flretches  E  S  K.  """'■ 
eleven    leagues,    flu,    low,    fwampy,    and 
marfliy  land,    all  over  cover'd  with  trees, 
and  inhabited. 

Rio  dc  Galinhas,  by  the  natives  call'd  Ma- 
qualbary,  has  its  fource  in  the  lands  of  Hon- 
do, running  through  the  countries  of  Botilm- 
Monou,  and  ^lil.iga-Monnu  to  the  tea:  it 
receiv'd  tnat  name  from  the  Pjrliiguefe,  for 
the  poultry  they  found  in  the  country,  which 
is  here  very  plentiful,  as  it  is  all  along  the 
coaft:  to  Rio  Sijlro,  and  further  to  the  E  S  E. 
and  at  ^ilu^qita  coall.  I'liis  river  has  two 
iflands  in  tlie  mouth  or  entrance  of  it. 

The  Eiiro/eans  trade  in  it,  and  carry 
thence  dry  hides  and  elephants  teeth,  which 
are  brought  down  the  river  from  I/oiido  and 
Kdroodoboc-Monoti.  This  laft  country  is  a- 
bout  forty-five  leagues  from  the  fea-coaft, 
a  crafty  bold  nation,  perpetually  at  war 
with  their  neighbours  at  the  call:,  the  llon- 
dos  ;  and  both  depend  on  the  king  of  ^uoja, 
who  rcfides  at  Cape  Monte. 

I   have  drawn  the  profped  of  the  en-  Plate  f. 
trance  of /i;o  dai  Gaiinbas  very  ex.idlly. 

The  tide  runs  very  fwift  to  N  E.  along 
this  coaft,  where  it  blows,  for  the  moll 
part,  a  very  frelh  gale  from  the  S  W.  but 
much  more  at  the  time  of  the  high  fcatbn  ; 
fo  that  it  is  very  difficult  to  jily  at  wind- 
ward, efpecially  about  cape  .W //;/,•,  becaute 
of  the  flioals,  or  i.t,  that  Ureu  lies  chcncc 
out  into  the  fea,  wnich  breaks  upon  it  in 
fuch  manner,  that  it  is  very  troublcfoinc 
and  hazardous  for  boats  to  land  there.  In 
1  the 


:  .If ' 

'     1     i 

m.f  f 

mi 


',  I 

i 

III  1 

li 

/    f 

'; 

•*    ] 

t            4 

Wk^- 


■    ^ 

"  ''■!'■ 

io8 


A  DefcriptioH  of  the 


Book  H. 


Bar  HOT.  the  fiimmer-fcAfon,  it  is  not  fo  bail,  nor 
V-'V^^  tlifliritit  i  lor  tluii  there  are  two  Ibrts  of 
windj,  one  of  the  laiul,  Irom  niiilnight, 
till  about  ten  in  the  morning  •,  the  other  of 
the  lea,  from  ten  in  ti>e  morning,  to  miil- 
night, 

'I'hc  wintcr-feafon  at  tliis  coaft,  from 
Sierra  Lfniia  to  c.ipc  lias  I'.ilmas,  begins 
in  Mity,  anil  ends  in  Oitobcr  \  during  which 
lime,  thiTe  are  frequent  heavy  tornatlos 
*rom  the  N  VV.  with  |jerjx;tual  terrible  thun- 
der, and  high  winds,  elpetiaily  mjunem^ 
jfuh,  when  tlie  ftni  is  in  the  Zcnitb,  wiiii 
darii  t',loomy  days,  infpiring  horrour  and 
dread. 

Aw  Miigiiiha,  next  to  Rio  tin  Galinhiis, 
has  a  bar  athwart  ilie  mouth,  wiiich  makes 
it  impradii  able  tor  large  fliips.  The /'or- 
tuguei'c  call  it  Rio  Nunnes,  or  Rin  Novo,  anil 
traded  in  it  formerly  with  brigantines,  as 
did  tlic  lunch  ;  but  now  the  Eiigltjlj  have 
the  moll  trade  there,  in  elephants  teeth, 
failing  it  up  to  the  village  Dovu  Rouja, 
where  the  river  is  very  wide  •,  but  farther 
up 'tis  choak'd  with  rocks  and  talis ;  it  then 
winds  to  the  call. 

The  coall  from  Galinhn  to  cape  Monte 
extends  F.SE.  is  furnifh'd  witli  fundry  vil- 
lages, and  is  low  and  Har.  The  river  Ma- 
V'lb,  or  Maffah,  having  its  fourcc  in  the 
mountains,  about  thirty  leagues  inland,  near 
the  country  of  the  people  Galvy;  and  un- 
jiing  in  a  large  and  deep  channel  through 
Dawwnla  country,  about  a  league  on  tiie 
north-fide  of  cape  Monte,  is  fo  ciiaik'd 
with  fands,  that  it  never  enters  the  tea  a- 
bovc  once  a  year,  uc  the  time  of  its  over- 
flowing, by  reafon  of  the  great  rains  of  the 
high  I'eafon,  near  to  cajx^  Monte,  at  "W. 

Before  the  conqueft  of  the  Folgias,  this 
river  was  inhabited  along  the  fides  by  the 
Pitymonou  jieople,  their  king  Flamhourre 
commonly  refiding  at  the  village 7^g  ^l^on^^a, 
on  the  well- fide,  and  about  a  league  and 
a  half  from  the  lea,  after  he  had  quitted 
the  town  of  Tomwy,  at  cape  Monte,  to  the 
iQj^tojat:  but  at  prefent  this  king  of  the 
Folgins  lives  on  tlic  inland  ifiand,  in  the 
lake  of  PI \zoge,  the  be'r.r  to  fecure  him- 
felf  from  the  infults  of  the  Dogos,  which 
are  at  war  with  him. 

The  town  Foiboo  is  on  the  other  fide  the 
river,  oppofite  to  Jeg  IVon^a,  where  Flam- 
tourre  alio  liv'd  for  a  time,  when  threatned 
to  be  attack'd  by  the  Folgias.  Two  leagues 
farther  up,  on  the  fame  fide,  is  the  vil- 
lage Ft^^gia,  formerly  the  refidence  of  one 
H^gi,  a  brother  to  Flamhourre.  Two  leagues 
above  Figgia,  on  the  fouth-fide,  is  that  of 
Kammagoeja,  and  that  of  Jerboefaja  ;  an- 
other league  beyond  this  laft,  the  refidence 
of  a  notable  man  of  the  ^lojas,  who  then 
lorded  the  country  about,  before  it  was 
fubjeft  to  the  Folgias, 
I 


King  Fliimbourre  had  alio  another  village 
overagainft  that  oV'Jeiboefaja.  From  tins 
there  is  a  road  tnrough  the  woods  to  Jo  a 
fiiitliia,  at  three  leagues  dillancc,  towaids 
the  tea-fide,  belonging  to  the  cldtft  c/f  the 
king's  fons. 

The  coall  between  Rio  Mavah,  and  Rio 
Migmba,  is  betel  with  lundry  villages  anil 
hamleti,  where  the  Negroes  make  abun- 
dance of  lalt,  from  fca-water. 

Cape  Monte, 
AS  the  draught   flicws  very  exadlly,  ispL*u,. 

a  head  of  many  hills,  or  rather  moun- 
tains, let  one  upon  the  other,  all  cover'd 
with  trees,  running  cut  to  fea  between  the 
river  Maiab  at  well,  and  Rio  Pl)Zoge  at 
eall,  under  leven  degrees,  fix  minutis  north 
latituile.  A  very  proper  place  for  fiiips 
that  come  from  F.urope  direilly,  for  Soulb- 
(itiincii,  to  make  land,  it  being  16  remark- 
able, and  fecn  from  eight  or  ten  leagues  at 
fea.  I'he  name  of  Cube  Monte  was  given 
by  the  PortugiteJ'e,  from  the  mountains  it  is 
formed  of.  The  Negroes  call  it  (f^aflj  Congo, 
It  is  feen  at  fevcral  leagues  dillance  from 
lea,  fliewing  ittirlf  like  an  ifland,  in  the 
form  of  a  laddie  ;  the  coaft  at  weft  and 
call  of  it  being  very  flat  and  low,  in  re- 
fpcdl  of  that  of  the  cape.  The  beft  road 
for  large  fliips  is  to  the  weft  of  the  cape, 
in  twelve  fathom  water,  lltndy  ground,  and 
at  about  two  Englijh  iniles  from  the  /hore, 
over-againft  the  three  fmall  villages,  at 
fome  dillancc  inlaml,  each  of  about  ten 
or  twelve  hutf!,  well  peopled.  The  inha- 
bitants flock  to  the  fhore  as  foon  as  they 
hear  of  any  ilrangers  landing,  to  make 
them  welcome,  at  their  houl'cs  or  hutts,  with 
palm-wine,  and  other  things.  The  Negroes 
here  are  very  courteous,  tome  underftanding 
a  little  Portuguefc  \  of  which  nation,  fome 
trade  there  now  ,ind  then  for  elephants 
teeth,  in  the  good  feafon,  tho'  the  lltlland 
and  Zeeland  interlopers  have  the  greateft 
fliare  of  it. 

The  accefs  to  the  ftrand  here  is  pretty 
eafy  tor  pinnaces  or  canoes  ■,  and  being  come 
affiore,  you  enter  upon  a  plain,  every 
where  befet  with  green  buflies,  the  leaves 
of  them  refenibling  our  bay-tree  ;  and  with 
fome  palm-trees  tcatter'd  here  and  there, 
which  looks  very  pleafint.  The  profpedt 
on  the  fouth  is  limitetl  by  the  mountainous 
cape,  and  on  the  north,  by  a  river,  in 
which  is  a  well-lhaded  ifland,  and  a  large 
wood.  On  theeaft  you  have  large  meadows, 
and  pafture-grounds,  as  far  as  can  be  fecn, 
in  which  they  keep  their  horfes,  goats,  and 
flieep  j  but  have  no  cows,  nor  kine,  nor 
hogs,  nor  much  poultry ;  and  what  few 
chickens  they  have,  are  very  good  and 
fweet,  altho'  not  much  bigger  than  tame 
pigeons  here.    Thcfe  low  grounds  are  cut 

through 


Cha) 

t 

w 

fl 
h 

t\ 

fa 

IvJufltUHl 

nuki.     fo 

in 

^'- 

le.i 


■%■ 


gel 
fl.l' 
] 
for 
inp 

III! 

iliai 

;dl, 

roj  t 

whf 

it  w 

tliey 

mak 

lart-i 

now 

figna 

inclit 

in  he 

of  til 

I  I 

niann 

deliri 

land 

my  bi 

le,i-cc 

fion  : 

Of   pei 

and 

only 

laul  to 

cuhine 

daiigii 

conliil 

quantit 

corn) 

c.dl'd 

The 


"Iff,.  ,'    ', 

to   tile 
again, 
to  the 
cept  at 
M.ivab 
and  th 
make  ; 
Moi:tc: 
fornierl- 
lake  is 
fording 
try. 


Chap.  3-         Coaftf  of  South-Guimf.a. 


lop 


fi  jJ/  it- 


thro.inh  by  fumlry  Im.ill  rivulets,  by  meanit 
wliei'Ot  tlic  n.uivi's  of  the  cipc  hive  ;i 
frit'  toinnuinir.ition  witli  thole  ot  tlu'  iii- 
laiul  ctmiury  i  Id  tli.U  it  may  well  In.  luiii, 
the  Liiullkip  hcre.iliouts  is  cxtrcnu  ly  plta- 
I'lnt  ami  ilrligiitliil, 
;,J«/Ir»<<.  'I'hc  tiUuki  hire  an-  very  imluftrious ; 
nUki.  Come  employ  thcmlclvcs  in  lilninj;  with  nct» 
it)  tin;  lake,  ami  rivi'rs,  which  al)ountl  in 
t;o(nl  ttlh  ()(  fumlry  I'pecies,  as  well  as  the 
lca<()ill-  others  apply  ihcmllivts  lo  tra- 
ilin;;,  planiiim  ria",  Or.,  ami  all  ot  them  in 
(rtiKi.il  in  luiilin^  fall  tortlivir  kiny,  whole 
fl.ivis  ih  y  aetount  thtinltlvcs. 

I'ormi'rly  thi^  was  a  pi  n  i-  ot  ji,ooi,l  trade 
for  t  liphants  tirth,  thi  uplaml  cuurnry  he- 
inR  iichly  lloicd  withclcplianis  i  liui  in  pro- 
tils  of  tinn-  has  been  lo  much  cxhaullcil, 
that  very  often  tlure  are  lew  or  none  ,-,t 
all,  fo  great  has  luen  the  toncourU'  oJ  /•../- 
roieiiiii  to  tiafFuk  here.  In  thole  Jays, 
when  the  elrphanis  teeth  were  fo  plenty, 
it  was  a  rule  among  the  Ni-^roes,  as  loon  as 
they  Ipy'il  a  fail  lominj;  from  the  wc  It,  to 
make  a  fmoke  on  land,  to  fignily  they  had 
large  parcels  of  teeth  ready  at  h and.  But 
now-anlays,  tho*  they  often  ufe  the  fame 
fignal,  it  frequently  proves  to  be  only  the 
inclination  they  have  to  fee  white  men  there, 
in  hopes  to  get  fome  fmall  token  or  other 
of  them,   if  they  can  prevail. 

I  Ihall  not  here  defcribc   their  apparel, 
manners,  culVoms,  tfc.  reterring  it  to  the 
defcription  hereafter  to  be  made  of  the  in- 
land countries  from  Cerbcia  to  Fin  Sejlro  ; 
my  bufmels  being  at  prelent  to  defcribe  the 
lea-coalls,  as  tar  as  Sejlro,  to  avoid  contu- 
fion  :   belides,  that  it  is  much  the  fame  fort 
ot   peopl,\  and  undoubu-illy   the  culloms, 
and   manners  alike    every   where.     1  Ihall 
only  ohferve,  that    the   kin;;  of  Ahnlc'  is 
faid  to  huvcfeveral  hundred  wives  and  con- 
cubines, by  whom   he  has  many  liws  and 
daughters.     That  the  product  ot  the  land 
confirts  in  abundance  of  rice,  antl  a  fmall 
quantity  oijawma,  fotiitof,  t/uiz,  (or  Iiiituai 
(oni)  bu'iaiias,   ananas,  and  another    truit 
call'd  piiffiiovcrs, 
r  ;.ip-        Tlie  river  Plyzoge,  to  the  caflwartl  of  this 
juMivahcapc,    has  its  fource  in  the  territories  of 
"■'"■'       .';^i/%,»,  and  after  fome  windings  runs  in- 
to tiie  lake  Mavah ;  thence  it  comes  out 
again,  running  through  the  land  ot  '■Tutnvy, 
to  the  coaft,  but  never  enters  the  fea,  ex 
ccpt  at  the  time  it  overflows,  like  the  river 
Miivab,   which  runs  into  the  fame  lake  : 
and  thus    both  the  rivers,    and   the  lake, 
make  an  ifland  of  the  lands  about  cape 
Monti'.     In  the  lake  is  an  ifland,  which  was 
formerly  inhabiied   by  Ftainbourr,'.     The 
lake  is  all  round  befct  with  palm-trees,  af- 
fording A  curious  prolptd  in  fuch  a  coun- 
try. 

I-''-'  :'\Iqua(ia,  or  Rio Menoch,  is  diftant 
Vo  L.  V. 


Rio  J'A- 

quidl. 


from  C.ibu  Aion  •,  about  eij;ht  l;Mguci  FS  I'",. "  •  nr 
(lowing  from  tlie  l.nd  of  Homiw,  its  n.iti"e  ''^V^^ 
country,  and  win.liig  downwards  to  ine 
fea,  in  a  very  fine  .  haniiel  ,  but  lo  full  of 
falls  and  Iho.ds,  iiml  lb  iho.ik'd  by  the 
bar  at  tlic  mouth,  that  it's  quite  impra^ti- 
cabl  ■  for  the  Im.dKll  vellels. 

It  produrrs  abundance  of  cam-wood  all 
along  tlie  liites,  On  a  branch  of  this  river 
are  the  two  lirge  villages  of  H<w\  llaiiuija^ 
and  llims  i.c^.v/n,  two  leagues  dillant  from 
each  other-,  which,  with  the  rums  of  lome 
other  villages,  to  be  fcen  in  the  country  of 
Toinvy,  and  in  that  about  cape  Mmii,,  in- 
ikuesmeto  bcMive  it  was  formerly  very 
wlU  inhabiteil,  the  country  (very  where 
being  lo  pleafmt  and  lb  very  fertile. 

1  lie  toall  from  Ctilo  Monu,  to  Rio  i'.  Rio  dc  S 
PmIo,  flretches  S  I-',  by  F.  flat,  low,  ami  all  P^"'" 
over    woody.     l<'rom    Alio  Pai.lo    to   c.ipe 
Mi'furadii,  It  bends  in  fuch  a  manner,  that 
from   a   certain   diilance  at  fea,  the  cape 
l))ew,like  a  hi^h  illand  in  the  ocean. 

L.ittle  Ihip'.  anchor  here  at  about  halt  a 
league  from  the  linall  river  Diirn,  in  fixleen 
latho-.  i  and  tall  fliips  at  three  quarters  of  a 
le.igi' .  out,  fanily  ground. 

Cape  Mcjurado  i>  about  ten  or  eleven  c<iff  Me- 
leagues  dillant  irom  cape  Moult',  but  not''"'''^''' 
fo  very  high  land,  tho'  it's  a  lofty  promon-  p^^^g  - 
tory,  running  mui.n  farther  out  to  lia  loui.i- 
ward  than  Monte.     It  had  this  name  from 
the  Porlugttefe,  c,.\   as  Ibme  pretend,  on 
occafion  of  a  (hip  of  that  nation  cart  away 
near  the  little  river  Dmo,  which  has  a  ridge 
of  fhoals  out  at  (c.\ :  the  men  of  that  (h'p 
fwimming  afliore,  were   alVaulted    by    tiie 
Ni-^rots,  which  made  the  Portuj^iie/e  cry  for 
quarter,  uliiig  the  'vord  M'.lhicjr.iia,  from 
which,  by  corruption,  Mefurado, 

The  Blacks  here  are  not  fo  tradable  as 
thole  of  cape  Monte  ;  and  'lis  the  luri  ft  way 
to  be  always  upon  one's  guard  with  them, 
and  not  to  go  afliore,  but  in  armed  boats. 
Their  uncivil  behaviour  towards  llrangcrs 
has,  from  time  to  time,  put  fome  xi/,;o- 
ffiiiis  upon  ravaging  the  country,  delboying 
till  ir  canoes,  and  carrying  olT  Ibme  ot  th.ir 
people  into  captivity,  winch  has occafioned 
ill  blood  in  them  -,  and  inllead  of  changing 
their  rough  manners,  does  rather  rentier 
them  more  peevifli,  and  ill-natur'd,  and 
mike  them  Ihy  of  coming  aboard  fhip: 
however,  it  is  not  always  fo  with  tin  fe  Blaiks, 
but  they  are  gl.id  to  fee  ftrangers  come  to 
buy  teeth,  of  which  fometimes  there  is  a 
fmall  quantity  to  be  had,  and  at  other  nmes 
none.  About  two  leagues  to  the  weftward 
ot  the  cape  are  fome  villages,  of  abour  twenty 
or  twenty-five  houfes  e.ich,  much  like  tlie 
Combtti  of  the  Hlaiks  at  Kio  fnjlo,  (near 
cape  Verdi)  each  houfe  having  three  or  four 
combets  or  apartments,  and  neatly  built ; 
the  tops  or  roofs  being  as  at  Rio  tVijo, 
F  f  r»  uml 


Hi 

■  ■,    ■ 

.         1"    ' 

:     '  !i 

v  '.'  t 


w^'^^  ';■ 


i-;l.ili5i^':li- 


■!S 


■    -r 


m 


no 


y^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  II. 


BA"P'vr  round  like  hAy-recks  ;  and  each  of  theic 
K/^*^  loul'cs  containing  forty,  fifty,  or  fixcy  per- 
sons, mi  n,  women,  and  children  living  to- 
gether after  a  confiifed  manner. 
Blacks  What  I  have  f.iid  of  their  ill-nature  to- 

noi  fo  bad  wards  Europeans,  mult  not,  however,  be 
fe'ntej"  underftood  to  extend  to  all  foreigners,  but 
only  to  tholl'  of  riie  fame  nation  from  whom 
they  have  been  injured  ;  for  to  others  who 
have  had  no  broils  with  them,  they  are  ci- 
vil and  kind  enough. 

To  tiiis  purpofe  I  cannot  but  obfervc, 
tliat  if  the  Nt-grofs  be  generally  crafty  and 
trcaclicrous,  it  may  well  be  faid,  the  Ku- 
fjpc.uts  h.ivc  not  dealt  with  them  as  becomes 
Chrijiums:  for  it  is  too  well  known,  that 
many  of  the  European  nations,  trading  a- 
mongft  thcfe  people,  have  very  unjuftly  and 
inhumanly,  without  any  provocation,  Itolen 
away,  from  time  to  time,  abundance  of 
the  people,  not  only  on  this  coaft,  but  al- 
molt  every  where  in  Guinea,  when  they 
came  aboard  their  fliips  in  a  harmlefs  and 
confiding  manner,  carried  great  numbers 
away  to  tiie  plantations,  and  diere  fold  them 
witii  tiie  other  flaves  they  had  purchafed 
for  the;-  goods. 

Neither  ought  we  fo  much  to  admire, 
that  thole  who  live  alhore  fhould  be  re- 
vengeful, or  jealous  of  fuch  Europeans  as 
never  did,  nor  intend  to  praftife  fuch  un- 
juft  bafenefs,  the  innocent  being  fometimes 
lubjeT:  to  fufFcr  for  the  guilty  :  for  bating 
fuch  accidents,  thefe  Blacks  are  civil  enough 
to  ftrangers,  efpecially  the  women,  who  are 
here  handfome,  very  comjilaifant,  and  ready 
to  proftitute  themielves  for  a  very  flender 
gain.  The  men  are  lazy,  contenting  them- 
ielves with  a  little  trade,  and  leave  all  the 
relt  to  their  wives  to  do. 

The  country  affords  much  the  fame  forts 
of  plants,  fruits,  cattle,  and  animals,  as  that 
of  cape  Monte  ;  and  particularly  abounds  in 
excellent  palm-wine,  with  which  they  often 
make  themfelves  very  merry  and  drunk. 

The  river  Paolo,  which  I  have  already 
faid  enters  the  fea  north-weft,  about  two 
leagues  from  cape  Mefurada,  after  having 
run  fomc  miles  to  the  northward,  turns 
thence  eaftward  to  Rio  Junk.  The  Blacks 
fay  they  pals  daily  in  their  canoes  to  Rio 
Sc'/ho,  along  the  (aid  rivers,  carrying  fevc- 
ral  tliingb  of  the  produdt  of  their  lands, 
cfpeeially  elephants  teeth,  when  they  have 
no  trade  lor  them  at  home  ;  Sejtro  being  a 
place  to  which  a  much  greater  number  of 
lliiiis  reforf:  xo  wood  and  water,  as  well  as 
tu  trade,  th;  n    ny  other  wi.  this  coaft. 

Rior.io'o.  ^'''^  '''^'  ''  ''^  navigaliL'  for  boats  and 
care  ,  oiii)  ill  ihc  r.iiny  tu'.v  s,  having  five 
or  f'x  foo'  water  at  tlie  rno'ith  :  for  at  other 
tine',  in  tlie  good  lealbn,  it  remains  al- 
nu  il  dr.,  ilie  tiuc  eh:ainel  of  the  river  '. 


in. 


icarcc  eighteen  or  twenty  foot  wide 


thefe  liBve  been  told,  that  boats  are  fometimes 
long  detained  before  they  can  get  out  over 
the  bar,  the  river  opening  with  a  flat  low 
iftand  ;  and  that  tiiere  is  a  great  quantity 
of  the  carangues  fifh,  which  tliey  ufually 
catch  with  dr.ig-nets. 

The  tailed  fliips  mav  with  fafety  f.iil 
round  cape  Mefuriido,  at  Oi  league  diftance 
from  ftiore.  Ti»e  tideathwirt  of  the  cape 
runs  fouth  ibuth-weft  and  fouth  ;  and  ealt 
and  eaft  fouth-eatt  when  you  are  p.!lt  tlu; 
cape,  half  a  league  an  hour  without  liiils. 

The  coaft  from   cape  Mrfurado,  to  Riocoaflht- 
Junk,  ftretchcs  eaft  about  twelve  leagues, '"•"««;» 
the  land  fometimes  low,  and  fometimes  high,  ^^•j'^'^io 
all  woody.    The  beft  mark  to  know  thejuJii^'" 
entrance  of  Junk,  is  three  high  hills,  ap- 
pearing at  fome  diftance  up  the  land  ;  tlie  Plate  $. 
laft  of  which  is  a  little  to  the  eaftward, 
when  you  have  the  river  at  north.    Another 
mark,  is  three  high  trees  at  the  point,  whitli 
appear  above  all  the  woods,  fjireading  th.c 
whole  coaft  over,  the  lands  within  flicwing 
flat,  and  doubled,  except  the  three  hills  a- 
bove  mentioned. 

About  a  league  to  the  eaftward  of  Rio 
Junk,  are  two  large  white  tli'fs,  fliowing 
at  a  pretty  diftance  wefterly,  lio-  lails,  ferv- 
ing  alfo  as  a  mark  to  find  out  the  river's 
mouth,  which  is  pretty  wide,  but  fliallow 
water  ;  the  ground  two  leagues  from  fhorc 
is  muddy,  v/ith  twenty-two  fathom  water. 
The  tide  fets,  between  Mrfurado  and  Junk^ 
fometimes  north,  Ibmetimes  at  weft,  and 
at  other  times  Touth-eaft. 

The  coaft  ibout  the  mouth  of  the  Junk 
is  garnifli'd  witi.  palm,  orange,  and  lemmon- 
trees;  and  the  banks  on  either  fi'>  aie  alfo 
adorned  with  fine  j'leafmt  wiiod.s,  which 
renders  the  profpeit  delightful. 

It  abounds  in  palm-wine,  chickens,  ami 
cam-wood.  The  Englijh  have  near  .dl  the 
trade  of  this  river  to  themfelves.  Die  •.  il- 
l.ige  of  the  Negron  is  about  hall'a  le.igue  up 
it.  The  £ttro/>Mrj,  pying  a  fmall  c  tilloni 
of  brandy  and  men  eiy  wares,  to  the  com- 
mander, are  allow'd  to  let  u\>  lodgts  in  the 
wood,  with  fails,  or  planks,  or  boughs,  to 
ferve  as  a  w.uehoufe  to  trade  in.  Some  of 
the  natives  fpeak  broken  Dutch,  and  Por- 
tuguefe.  Tiicy  talk  loud  and  halhly,  and 
are  generally  rough  and  wikiilh  in  their 
manners.  They  are  clothed  like  the  other 
Negroes  of  this  country,  but  wear  a  the 
bonnet,  or  cap,  like  that  tiled  by  the  //.ij/j- 
landcrs  oi  Scotland;  and  never  Ihp  out"  of 
their  houfes  without  their  airagaia's,or  jave- 
lins, (cy meters,  bows  and  arrows.  Every 
one  of  them  that  trades  wiJi  Eurcjenns  will 
always  have  his  Dajl[\; or  i)r.  f.nt,  beliire  he 
buys  the  leait  t'  i: ;;  ,  which  is  nc,  Ihial! 
ch.arge  and  inconvmkney.  'i.'\\c  Por! uguefe 
fay,  there  is  gold  in  this  river. 

Some 


Flate  f. 


Petit 
Hicppc. 


Wv?r 
Colli). 


Vy-!'cr- 
ti'.i.i  fei- 

3 


JookII.      i  C:iap.4.  O?^/ ^South-Guinea. 


Ill 


times 
ovtr 
I  low 
intity 
fually 

f  fail 
ft;ince 
L'  Ciipc 
i  c.ill: 
il  tlu: 
lils. 

:0   RtOC.oaflbi. 

agues, '"''■""■''f' 

>W   ihejunk. 
s,   ;ip- 

I  i  thcP'-"E  {. 
Iwaid, 
nother 

,  whit-h 
ng  tb.c 
K-\viiig 
bills  a- 

of  Rio 
liowing 
Is,  ferv- 
;  river's 
fliallow 

II  Ihore 
water. 

III  Junk^ 
eft,  and 

he  Jituk 

Icmmon- 

aic  alio 

which 

ins,  ami 
•  all  thi: 

lu-  vil- 
agiK'  up 

!(.■  com- 
s  in  the 
jgiis,  to 
lome  (it 
Ind  Por- 
]ly,  and 
in  their 
|ic  oilier 
the 
|e  Ih^h- 

out  of 
I  or  jave- 

I'.vc-ry 
\ai'.s  will 
l:forc  he 
Ic)  fmall 


Some 


Arvo'C-Jo 

t'nir. 


i 
. 


Som"  few  leagues  within  A!»o  7tt«*,  isan- 
orh-r  river,  callM  by  the  Piirtnguefe  Rio 
d  Jrvoredo,  coming  from  the  north  eaft 
CO  :irry  ;  which  difembogues  itfelf  into  the 
b.y,  or  entrance,  of  Junk. 

Some  leagu.s  to  the  eaftward  of  the 
Jti'ik,  1  have  t.ilten  notice  of  a  river,  which  I 
cA\Noel,  bccaufewclay  before  it  at  anchor, 
a  league  from  fliore,  on  Chrijlnuii  day  i  OS  i  ; 
and  I  did  not  find  any  name  it  had  in  all 
the  charts  that  were  aboard.  Having  all 
conveniency  to  take  the  profpedt,  I  Uid  it 
FuTE  f.  as  in  the  cut.  The  tide  here  drives  towards 
land,  from  Rio  Noel,  to  that  of  'I'Mu  da 
Groii,  and  Corfo  or  Corras,  two  rivers  which 
meet,  and  fall  into  the  ocean  at  one  mouth  •, 
the  coaft  points  at  E  by  N.  Tiie  fmall 
idand  which  lies  juft  at  the  point  between 
the  two  rivers,  about  the  latter  end  of  the 
thirteenth  century,  ferved  the  French  mer- 
chants of  Dieppe,  for  a  place  of  flielter,  the 
better  to  carry  on  their  trade  with  the  Av- 
groes ;  who  therefore  gave  it  the  name  of  Pe- 
tit Dieppe. 

This  Rio  Corfo  i.  eafily  known  by  the 

§reat  number  of  rocks,  which  are  along  the 
lorc,  as  it  is  at7««jtand  Sejho,  on  which 
the  fca  beats  continually  in  a  violent  man- 
ner. Here  the  tide  fets  foulh-eaft  and  eaft 
towards  the  land,  and  returns  weft  and 
fouth-weft  witli  great  force.    Ic  is  very  dif- 


Oieppe. 


tivir 
Coilb 


cernible  from  fea,  by  the  point  thit  runsBAHBor. 
eaft,  having  fome  rocks  about  it,  extend-  *>i''V'>^ 
ing  to  the  fouth  and  fouth  fouth-eaft ;  as 
alfo  by  a  flat  rock,  diftant  from  ihe  (hore 
near  three  quarters  of  a  league,  wliici»  may 
be  approached  without  any  danger:  but  for 
the  better  information  of  iailors,  befuLs  the 
marks  already  given,  I  have  lubjointd  the 
profpeft  thereof  from  fea,  in  the  cut.  Pi  ate  f. 

To  the  fouth-eaft  of  Rio  Corf?,  is  Rio  di  other  rj. 
S.  Pedro,  and  next  to  it,  Rio  de  S.  Jii.ui,  rc-'^'^'- 
cciving  near  to  its  entrance  into  the  fea  an- 
other, called  n.irfay  ;  and  thus  both  toge- 
ther make  but  one  opening  in  the  coaft, 
about  three  leagues  v.eft  from  Rio  S,'j]ro, 
having  abundance  of  fmall  rocks,  and  tiie 
fea  breaking  violently  along  the  (hore,  which 
makes  it  imprafticable  for  floops  or  boats 
to  land  there,  and  is  difficult  enough  to  be 
done  with  canoes  •,  which  is  the  occafion 
that  it  is  not  frequented  by  the  Euro/e.u's,  as 
well  as  fome  of  the  former  rivers  defcribed 
above. 

Thence  to  Rio  Sfliro,  the  coaft  is  cover'd 
with  rocks  and  clifts,  lying  near  the  fliore  : 
the  tide  fets  fometimes  S  E.  and  E.  at  other 
times  at  E  N  E.  and  then  turns  again  to  SW. 
andWSW. 

In  the  ancient  geography,  this  part  of 
Guinea  propria  from  Sierra  Leotia,  to  cape 
das  Palmasy  was  call'd  the  Lcuc-jEthiopa. 


C  H  A  P.     IV. 
The  country  of  Quoja.    Trees,  animals,  birds.,  and  infe^is. 


H 


AVING  thus  defcrib'd  the  fea-coafts 
from  Sierra'  Leona,  to  Rio  Scjlro,  I 
am  now  to  fay  fomething  of  the  inland 
countries  between  both,  in  general ;  as  to 
what  is  reported  of  the  different  people,  or 
nations,  which  inhabit  it,  and  the  produft 
of  thofc  feveral  parts. 

The  lands  ofBoulm  Btrre,  Bouhn  Cilm, 
Timnat  Semaura,Capez,Cutnbas,  yy-berkoma, 
^nja-berkoma,  Galvis,  Hondo,  and  Gdbe, 
with  their  dependencies,  pay  a  fubjec'tion  to 
the  Folgias,  by  way  of  homage,  fince  the 
conqueft  they  made  thereof,  aflifted  by  the 
Karoeus. 

The  Folgias,  with  the  Vy-^alas,  depend 
or  hold  their  countries  from  the  emperor  ol" 
Moiou  or Monoe,  refiding between Rio'Jur.k, 
and  Rio  do  Aruoredo. 

I  have  before  defcribed  the  lands  of  Bouim 
Bet'-,  and  thofe  adjacent  to  them  in  Uic 
kingdom  of  Sierra  Leona,  and  am  now  to 
continue  the  defcription  of  the  others  above 
named. 

Quoja  Country. 
Vy-l'cr-    HP  H  E  country  of  ^:)uoja   is  about  cape 
U.i.j  ftf  *■     Monie,  confilling  of  two  dillintt  peo- 
ple,   Vyberkoma  and  ^toja-berkijina,  who 


f" 


were  both  fuhdu'd  by  the  Karceus  or  Carol's. 
The  l\-bcrkoma  are  the  remains  of  the  an- 
cient inhabitants  of  the  river  Mav.ih,  and 
cape  Mon'.e,  a  populous  and  warlike  na- 
tion, exteniling  as  fir  as  M-duu  \  but  by 
the  viciftitude  of  times,  rediic  d  now  to  a 
handful  of  men:  they  were  called  Tv,  be- 
caufe,  in  their  language,  that  fignifies  halt', 
and  they  are  but  half  a  nation. 

ii>jfija-beyk'jma,    which   (ignifies   land  ofoun;3. 
^t'ja,  extends  to  the  territory  cf /'-wf,  l'""lio.iia 
borilering  on  the  north  and  eaft,  with  the ''''''^''• 
Galas,  I'y-C.ilas,  Hondo,  K'ji:d:'y.^ioj.ts,  Ma- 
nou^  Ful\^i,'.s,  and  Carctn. 

The  Gald-vy  are  defcended  from  the  Ga- Gal,i-vy. 
/..J,    but   driven  oat  of  that  part    of  the 
CO  unry  by  the  llond/s,  and  are  feparat.d 
from  the  true  Gnltis,  by  a  vaft  forefi.    The 
head  of  the  dLn  is  called  Gi,ia-Fa."\'. 

The  territory  of  Hondo  is  fomewh.it  to  Hondo, 
the  north  of  Gala-vy,  comprehending  that 
otDoigo. 

The  Konde-^wjas,  that  is  to  fiy,  high  Kondc- 
^lojas,  are  neighbours  to  the  Hondo- Mr- -Qaoy.y 
n:u  ;  the  language  is  different  from  that  of 
the  low  ^/ojas. 

The 


\ii\-]  i,\^\\ 


Mm 


^■l!!;l 


If!  Jjil- 


mf 


l,t 


:i?>i^i 


'  ■» 


^:f 


112 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  II. 


Barbot.  The  Folg'un  and  Monou  countries  are  wa- 
'"^V^'  ter'd  by  the  rivers  Junk  and  ylrvorcdo, 
which  in  their  courfe  down  to  the  ocean,  i"e- 
parate  the  Folgias  from  the  Catou  Monou, 
though  the  king  of  the  Carou  refides  in  the 
country  of  the  Folgias. 

It  might  be  comfortable  and  delightful 
living  in  thefe  countries,  from  Sierra  Leotia 
to  Sejlro,  and  farther  eaftward,  were  it  not 
for  the  intempcrature  of  the  weather,  in 
the  high  feafon  :  for  befides  the  various  fine 
landfkips,  the  ever-gree.'>  woods  and  pafturc- 
grounds,  the  brooks  aid  rivers,  adorned 
witli  curious  trees,  (jfc.  it  abounds  every 
where  with  lundry  forts  of  p!."'-'s,  provi- 
fions,  and  beads  of  divers  kinds,  which  I 
fliall  now  particularly  defcribe. 

As  to  tiic  great  variety  of  trees,  I  will 
make  clioice  of  the  follovvin";  forts. 


Bondc 
tree. 


Trees. 

'HAT  which  the  natives  call  Roiuk,  is 
commonly  very  big  and  lofty,  and  fe- 
ven  or  eight  fathom  about  •,  the  bark  is 
ihornilh,  and  the  wooii  foft,  which,  for 
that  reafon,  they  ufe  moll  to  make  canoes 
of  feveral  fizes.  The  aflies  of  tiiis  wood 
are  very  proper  to  make  foap,  boil'd  with 
palm-oil :  the  boughs  being  fet  in  the  ground, 
ibon  bud  and  take  root. 
BilTyfrff.  TiiC  Btjpj  tree  is  commonly  fixteen  to 
eighteei.  toot  big,  the  bark  of  a  brown 
red,  ufeci  .^br  dying  cloth  or  wool,  as  alfo 
to  make  their  fmall  canoes. 

The  Kaey  is  lofty,  and  hard  wood,  the 
bark  and  leaves  are  medicinal  ;  they  make 
alio  canoes  of  tliis  tree  to  play  in  the  ri- 
vers, the  wood  being  lb  hard,  that  it  is  al- 
moli  proof  againlt  the  worms. 

Tlie  BUldgob  is  alio  lofty,  and  harder 
than  the  former.     Its  leaves  are  purging. 

The  Bojf^  is  foft,  the  alhcs  m.uie  of  the 
bark  firve  to  boil  foap,  tiie  truit  it  be.irs 
rel'emble  a  long  yellow  prune,  tafling  four, 
but  wiiolelbme  to  eat. 

The  Mille  is  l.irge,  tough,  and  fofc,  the 
roots  like  that  of  the  Bindr,  fpreathr.g  round, 
moilly  above  ground.  The  natives  ufe  this 
tree  in  their  conjurations. 

The  Burrow  is  of  an  uncommon  lofti- 
nefs,  though  but  about  fix  foot  big  ;  tiie 
bark  all  over  full  of  thi'k  crookei.1  thorns. 
The  wood  is  fit  for  no  oth'-r  ufe  but  fuel. 
From  the  bark  and  the  leaves  dillils  a  yel- 
low lap  or  juice,  which  purges  above  all 
other  drugs  whatfoever. 

The  Mamo  is  lofty,  and  crown'd  with 
round  tops,  producing  a  fruit  muc!i  of  the 
figure  of  the  cola  oi Sierra  Leotia  ;  within 
wliite,  of  a  fliarp  tade,  and  laxative,  and 
can  be  preferved  lor  a  whole  year  under 
giound. 

'i'he  i^iamy  is  likewifc  very  lofty,  and 
crown'd  witha-top  ;  the  wood  isvei';-  hard. 


Kacy  int. 


Biiljgoh 
Int. 

Boliy  trie. 


Millcrr«f. 


Burrow 
trti. 


M.imo 
trii. 


Quaniy 
trtt. 


and  ferves  the  natives  to  make  mortars  to 
pound  the  rice,  and  millet,  becaufe  it  ne- 
ver  fplits.  They  ufe  of  the  bark  of  this 
tree  to  compofe  their  draught,  which  they 
adminilter  to  fuch  as  have  the  fovah  or 
fouha  ;  and  poifon  the  point  of  arrows  with 
a  juice  th.it  comes  from  the  fmall  bufhes, 
that  commonly  grow  about  the  trunk  of 
this  !^iamy. 

The  Hoquella  is  alfo  very  lofty,  bearing  Wocfl^.i 
a  fruit  fixteen  to  eigh'  .en  inches  lontj,  in"'"- 
a  hulk;  the  ftone  of  which  is  bigger  than 
a  bean:  the  bark  and  leaves  are  piug;ti\'e, 
tlie  allies  clean  and  whiten  linnen  by  way 
of  buck. 

The  Doml'och  produces  a  fruit  like  tlieDdmK,.., 
iorb-apple,  much  ufed  by  i\w  llldcks  ;  the"-". 
bark  foak'd  in    water,   and  drank,  caufes 
vo.miting.     The  wood  is  almoll  reil,  and 
prop^'r  to  make  canoes. 

The  Kv'iiibis  very  high,  its  fruit  reletn-i;!):,  :, 
bliiig  a  plum,  good   to  eat.     llic  bark  is""- 
purging. 

TheD/yv,  lofty  and  headed,  bears  a  fruit  Da;,,,, 
of  the  bignefs  of  a  common  apple,  which 
the  natives  eat ;  and   ufe    the   infufion  of 
its    bark    in  wine  or  water    to  ftrengthen 
them. 

The  Bongia  is  likewifc  lofty  and  headed,  Bcwia 
the  bark  purging.  tree'. 

The  bark  of  the  Nauhny,  at  cutting  of  Naukony 
it,  taftes  like  pe[iper,  and  is  here  aciounttd""- 
of  extraordinary  virtue  in  purgatives. 

The  .'.^^rt«  or7w.;;vo,  being  the  palm,  isQ-nncr 
very  common  in  tliis  country,  protluces  tin  I'm;' j 
fort  of  palm-wine  call'd  A/,i;»;c/,  which  ii"" 
extraded    in   the   fime  maniur  as  on   the 
Go!ii  Coajl ;  but  befides  the  wine,   it  yii  Ids 
that  excellent   palm-oil;    lo  toinnieiid.ible 
for  IlS  peculiar  prop-  rtits. 

The  oil  u  made  ol  the  nuts  of  tlii<  tree,  f,,/,,,  ;•; 
which  grow  in  a  duller  ol  two  or  three 
hundred  nuts  together,  'lie  chilter  glowing 
out  ot  the  trunk  ol  the  tree,  about  a  ni.iii's 
height  from  the  ground.  The  nut  is  about 
the  bign:ls  of  a  [>igeoi.'s  egg,  and  thelUmc 
.IS  big  and  as  hard  as  that  of  a  peach  ;  and 
each  tree  comnionly  produces  five  or  fix 
fuch  cKilleis.  'J'he  oil  tirawn  from  the  nuts 
is  of  the  laHVon-toloiir,  fmeliing  liroiig  ;  ac 
lirlt  extracting,  it  looks  like  oil  ol  olives, 
as  to  its  confilKnce,  which,  growing  oKl, 
turns  thick  and  lumpy  like  butter,  and  nay 
be  trail fported  every  wiitre,  anil  kep'  twenty 
years  in  fonie  proper  veflll.  Tins  oil  is 
much  reconuiienaed  throughout  all  /■.'/<;•«/>• 
for  oblb'uClions,  fr.idlurcs,  wintiy  and  cold 
humours.  The  natives  ufe  it  nun  h,  with 
ah.iolt  every  thing  they  eat,  as  we  do  butter ; 
and  moll  d.iys  rub  and  anoint  tiicir  boilus 
with  it,  to  lender  the  Ikin  lofier  ,uid  niir.ing, 
and  the  body  ilronger.  At  molt  tiiiU;,  ot  tlis 
day,  they  gnaw  the  Hone  of  the  nut. 


IChap- 


F'lnJoii 
vit- 

Juja  irte. 


A 

tlie  I 

heig 

it  h; 

man 

wine 

truni 

and 

T 

whic 

whol 

and 

(^m 

ferve 

and 

whicl 

roum 

their 

ufes : 

their 

entrai 

eleph 

Tl 

long  : 

acorn 

Th 

Jca\es 

in  the 

Th 

fwam 

that  V 

and  t 

moft  I 

accou 

the  be 

which 

tlie  b< 

intoth 

wards 

with  t 

illg  ;■ 
.'ither 
rendei 
and  th 
it  may 
thi-,  ;/, 
the  hai 
reafon 
in  grea 
verfidr 
iiiider- 
of  the 
annihe 
-■nd  tilt 
termen 
oilters 
lower  I 
iiiaiinei 
them  o 
cutting 
ry  flat, 
hand 
kcd  hci 
Tlu' 


Book  II. 


Ichap.4.  Coafts  ofSovr h-G u i n e a. 


) rears  to 

'M 

ll-  it  ne- 

m 

.  of"  this 

M 

ich  they 

M 

fovah  or 

■% 

ows  with 

bufhcs, 

a 

trunk  of 

1 

bearing  HoquiOa 

^ 

loni^,  in"'"- 

'^ 
■■■>, 

ger  tli.m 

'"■* 

urg.-.tivc. 

!?■ 

by  w.iy 

lii<e  tlll'DoniK,;-! 

aiki ;  tlic "■"■ 

k,  c.uifc's 

red,  and 

Liit  rt'llin-Kci;,  :, 

c  bark  h""- 

irs  a  fruit  D.:)  :„■ 

Pongili 

k",  which 

ftt. 

ifiifion  of              ! 

Ircngthcn              | 
id  headed,  Bon-;i 

Boiuiou 

tree. 

]uji  tri 

cutting  ot  Naukony 

aci.ouiitcd"'"' 

tivcs. 

ic  pahn,  isQujinr 

oiiuccs  ilu- ''''";"' 

; 

which  i.'"'- 

as  on  the 

f 

,   it  yii  Ids 

' 

imcndable 

"  thi<  tree,  r...',»  t'l 

1  or  thi\e 

r  glowing 

ut  a  man's 

ut  is  about 

J  tl'.ellonc 

rach  i  and 

ive  or   iix 

in  theniits 

ii'cmg  ;  at 

' 

ol  ol.vcs. 

wing  oK!, 

,  ar.d  11 'ay 

.'l)'  twenty 

'hi->  oil   is 

all  i.uruji' 

V  anJ  cold 

U'.  h,  with 

do  butter  1 

icir  bod  in 

id  fliir.in?:, 

1 

ines  ot  ili« 

1 

at. 

1. 

1 

As  this  tree  grows  up  gradually,  it  has 
ilie  fewer  leaves,  till  it  comes  to  its  common 
height  of  forty  or  fifty  foot  high,  and  then 
it  has  only  a  (mall  top  of  leaves.  It  lafts 
many  years,  and  from  the  very  firft  gives 
wine,  and  a  fort  of  flax  out  of  its  ftem  or 
trunk,  of  which  they  make  a  fort  of  cloth 
and  yarn  for  their  nets. 

The  other  fort  of  palm,  in  thefe  parts, 
which  produces  wine,  is  call'd  Makenfy, 
whofe  leaves  are  commonly  three  foot  long, 
and  half  a  foot  broad  ;  and,  like  the 
f^iaan,  yields  flax  at  its  ftem,  and  the  leaves 
ferve  the  Blacks  to  make  bags,  cloths, 
and  fine  mats.  The  ftalk  of  the  leaves, 
which  is  as  hard  as  any  wood,  and  almoft 
round,  ferves  to  make  roofs  and  floors  to 
their  hoiifes,  hefidcs  many  other  forts  of 
ul'es :  nay,  at  fome  places  they  pallifade 
their  villages  round  with  it,  to  defend  the 
entrance  againll  lions,  panthers,  tygers,  and 
elephants,  as  I  have  feen  it  at  Sijlro. 

The  tree  Don^ah  is  very  common  all  a- 
long  thiscoalt,  and  produces  a  fruit  like  the 
acorn  of  our  oak-trees  in  Europe. 

The  Rondou  is  likewife  very  common,  its 
leaves  thin  and  fhining  •,  the  wood  is  yellow 
in  the  tree,  but  when  cut  down,  turns  red. 

The  Janjd  is  very  plenty  in  all  marlhy 
fwampy  grounds,  and  lakes  or  rivers.  It's 
that  which  the  /J'JLinders  call  Mangelaer, 
and  tiie  F'-encb,  Paleftuvier ;  common  in 
moft  niarfhy  grounds  in  America,  where 'tis 
accounted  not  a  little  fport  to  creepamongil 
the  boughs  overfpreading  in  the  water,  to 
which  oirters  grow  in  great  multitude:  for 
the  boughs  of  the  tree  commonly  bending 
into  the  water,  by  the  moilture,  bud  out  up- 
wards ar^ain  to  infinity,  intermixing  the  one 
with  the  other  fo  tlukand  thick,  and  turn- 
ing again  into  the  water,  and  fhooting 
other  branches  again  ad  bifinvum  ;  which 
renders  it  impoflible  to  find  out  the  trunk: 
and  thus  propagating  from  fpacc  to  fpa.:", 
it  may  be  well  laid  of  it,  that  o;:e  t;unk  of 
fliis  'jitj.'-  will  extend  many  iurlongj  'ong 
the  banks  of  a  river  or  the  fea.  For  w,  'ch 
reaibn  it  is,  that  oiilers  bre'-d  on  the  iioughs 
in  great  abundance,  and  that  it  I'^a  good  ili- 
verfum  to  eat  thefe  oifters  on  the  fpoi,  lor  the 
imder-boughs  are  (upporters  on  the  furface 
iif  the  w.iter,  to  v-.dk  on  from  one  place  to 
another.  Others  are  fit  and  jiroper  feats, 
.i.nd  the  upper  bo  ighs  ever  grctn,  do  fliel- 
termen  trom  the  iniuriesol  die  weaiiier.Tlie 
oilters  commonly  ili.k  very  clole  to  the 
lower  branches  of  the  M.tng'hcr  in  fuch 
manner,  as  'tis  ahroft  iiiipolFible  to  pull 
tlum  o!f  without  a  hatchet  or  chizel,  or  by 
cutting  otf  the  bough.  The  oilters  are  ve- 
ry flat,  and  abo'.it  tiie  breadth  of  a  man's 
hand,  and  ofa  flii'p  tarte,  but  are  v.ell  li- 
ked here  for  want  i-t  better. 

The  'ffi^'/'.w,  wnich  produces  the  famous 
Vol'.  V. 


"3 

fruit  Co/r7,    is  of  an  indifferent  height,  then.ARnor. 
trunk  about  five  or  fix  foot  in  circumtljrence.  ^^"V^** 
The  Cola  is  a  cheftnut,  as  I  have  faid  before, Tok'"^ 
three  or  four  growing  together  in  a  rind, ^g',  «,,,,. 
each  divided  from  the  other  by  a  thin  Ikin. 
The  natives  u(e  it  much  in  their  facrifices  or 
oflrerings  to  their  idols,  and  in  their  conjura- 
tions •,  and  have  perpetually  fome  in  their 
mouth,  either  walking  or  fitting,  to  relidi 
water  the  better,  reckoning  it  very  wliole- 
fome,  as  I  have  faid  before.     The  Portw 
guefe  drive  a  great  trade  with  it  up  the 
country. 

The  Fondy-kon^  is  the  cotton  tree,  very  Fondy- 
common  in  this  country,  of  the  wool  where-  kong«r«», 
of  the  Blacks  fpin  and  w:ave  cloth,    like 
thofe  of  cape  ^erde. 

The  lime  trees  abound  every  where,  he-UmeiriK 
ing  fmaller  and  rounder  than  lemons,  and 
have  grown  here  time  out  of  mind. 

The  orange,  bananas,  and  fig-tree,  o- 
tlierwile  called  plantains  and  Bnccoven,  are 
alfo  very  common  throughout  thefe  lands; 
the  oranges  are  very  four  and  fmall. 

Ignames  are  here  very  plentiful  and  large,  |    ,,„ 
generally   weighing   eight  or  ten  pound, jr^„;,, 
white  and  dry  on  the  palate  •,  ufed  inftead 
of  bread  by  thefe  Africans,  being  boiled. 

The  potatoes  are  alfo  plentiful  and  large, pj,j,,„,_ 
and  of  a  lufcious  delicate  tafte. 

This  part  affords  no  ftorc  of  fugar-canes, 
tobacco,  plants,  or  ananas-,  the  moft  they 
have,  being  brought  from  Sierra  Leona. 

For  herbs,  the  Blacks  make  ufe  of  a  (oTt}{„i,, 
they  call  ^iclle-to^uc,  of  a  fmall  leaf,  but 
very  fweet  and  well  tailed,  v/hich  is  com- 
monly boil'd  with  meat :  as  they  do  alfo  an- 
other Ibrt  call'd  .^^laiiliaht  growing  lofty, 
the  leaves  very  large. 

There  are  feveral  other  forts  of  pulfe,  or 
herbs,  unknown  to  Europeans,  and  very 
proper  for  the  pot. 

Rice  is  very  common  in  all  this  country  ,butR,v,  «„^ 
not  maiz,  or  ImUan  corn,  named  here  Alagni-  mtU. 
Jonglo.  There  is  another  iort  of  maiz  which 
they  call  Jonglo  finj;ly,  a  much  fmaller  grain 
than  the  other,  and  better  valued  by  them, 
tho'  they  feldom  ufe  it,  but  when  rice  is 
fcirce  in  the  country. 

The  Guine.t-peppcr,  or  Manfgitette,  is  very  OuinM- 
plenty;    befides  which,  they  have  alfo  two  ffff*'. 
forts  of  Pimento  in  ab'^ndunce,  of  the  long 
fort,  and  of  that  of  Bcmn. 

Animals. 
'y  HE  country  about  cape  Abate  is  well f/c^/Mnri 
■*•    ftor'd  with  elephants,  whieh  the  natives "ii/  »ffj 
call  Kavmach,  antl  with  multitudes  of  apes 
and  monkeys. 

That  about    Klo    Ma^uiki   abounds  in fc,,,,.,;,. 
water-elephants,   there  call'd  Ker-Kamonoii,pl'-'Hii, 
commonly  of  the  bignefs  of  a  horfe,    but  ""''• '■''''* 
thkker.    About  Rio  Mavah  ihty  have  Ihi-"'""'^'- 
cows,  watcr-clephants,  and  crocodiles,  and 
Q  a  an 


I 


m 


m 


,,|i'f'i:Ri:;]nH 


A  toefcription  of  the 


I     1  „  i  11 


111 


.      i;;:'l'' 

1 

■  > 

1 

i 

^    ;^' 

CilliVin- 
docb. 


Woey  er 
G)Zcl!o. 


Qii;<Imi. 


liwne. 


114 

Barhot.  .m  animal  about  the  bignefsof  a  horfc,  with 
WV*^  white  ftreaks,  a  long  neck,  ftiort  body,  and 
tiiin  fmall  legs,  of  a  dark  brown  colour, 
and  with  horns  like  a  bullock,  which  fcrve 
the  pricft,  and  conjurers  to  found,  when 
tliejr  conjure,  or  proclaim  any  thing  to  the 
people,  and  are  extremely  valu'd  by  them ; 
which  (hows  that  this  animal  is  not  common. 
It  isalfo  very  fwift  and  nimble,  fltipping  like 
a  roebuck. 

The  Cilia  yandocb  is  an  animal  of  the 
fizeofahart,  of  ayellowifli  colour,  banded 
with  white  ftreaks,  the  horns  about  twelve 
inches  long,  each  horn  having  a  hole  through 
wiiich  the  unimal  brcatlies.  It  is  fwifter  tiwn 
any  hart  or  deer. 

Here  are  alfo  a  great  number  of  bufTiIo's, 
by  tlie  natives call'd  Si,  who  fpoil  tlie  fields, 
and  do  much  mifchie£about  the  land. 

The  H^'oey  of  the  Blacks,  by  tlie  Portu- 
gitefi  call'd  Gazello  dc  M.ito,  of  the  lize  of 
an  ordinary  dog,  which  tho'  ihort-legg'c', 
is  very  fwift.  They  catch  'em  commonly 
with  a  net,  as  they  do  another  animal 
ciU'd  TMe,  of  a  brown  colour,  and  of  the 
fize  of  a  large  1  .mb. 

The  ^tulma-  mother  animal,  is  much  of 
the  form  of  the  laft,  but  of  a  reddifh  coJour. 

They  have  two  forts  of  fwine,  one  of 
a  burnt  brown  colour,  call'd  here  Koujii ; 
the  other  quite  black,  namfd  Sluouja-^inta, 
which  is  much  like  a  wild-boar,  being  as 
favage,  and  arm'd  with  fuch  flvarp  tufks, 
that  it  cuts  any  tiling  that  oppofes  it. 
fortHf'mts.  The  Porupines,  here  call'd  ^feenja,  are  of 
two  forts,  large  and  fmall ;  the  firft  are  com- 
monly of  the  bignefsof  a  hog,  arm'd  all  over 
with  very  thick  long  hard  points  or  quills, 
ftreak'd  at  equal  diftances,  white  and  black, 
which  the  animal  can  (hoot  with  fuch  vio- 
knro  at  man  or  beaft  when  provoked,  that 
if  It  hapjien  to  hit,  it  is  very  dangerous,  and 
will  ftick  in  a  board.  The  animal  bites  lb 
fharp,  that  no  wooden-ftick  or  board  can 
refill  it ;  and  if  put  into  a  wooden  cage  or 
barrel,  will  eat  its  way  through.  It  is  fo 
bold  and  daring,  that  it  will  attempt  the 
moll  dangerous  (hake.  I  have  brouglit  home 
fome  fuch  quills  as  big  as  a  large  goofe-quil) ; 
'tis  exaftly  the  fame  as  the  Zaela  of  Barbary, 
the  fledi  is  reckoned  good  food  by  tlie 
Blucb. 

Here  is  a  kind  of  roe-bucks  fo  tame, 
that  they  feed  in  the  very  towns  or  vill.tges. 

Thecameleons,  call'd  £>o«//o^,  are  much 
cfteem'd  ;  the  natives  will  not  allow  them  to 
be  kiil'd,  being  of  opinion  that  they  pre- 
lagc  good  or  bad  luck,  according  to  the 
time  they  happen  to  meet  them  on  the  road, 
'i'his  animal  is  no  bigger  than  a  large  frog, 
generally  of  a  pale  moufe-colour,  tlie  (kin 
almoft  tranfparent,  and  therefore  it  eafily 
receives  the  impreHion  of  colours  fet  about 
it :  which  has  given  otcafion  to  report  it 


Book  II 


(StmiUtn. 


changes  colour  every  moment.  It  feeds 
on  flies,  which  it  dexteroufly  catches  with 
its  long  (harp  tongue  ;  and  lays  eggs  like 
the  lizards,  Ihakcs,  tortoifes,  and  fnails,  not 
covered  with  a  (liell,  but  with  a  thick  foft 
fiediy  matter. 

Tlie  Kquoggelo  is  an  amphibious  animal,  kquoj. 
about  fix  foot  long,  much  of  the  ihape  ofgrio. 
a  crocodile,  which  by  means  of  its  very 
large  tongue,  feeds  upon  pilmires,  haunting 
.about  their  nefts  ;  and,  like  the  crocodile,  its 
body  is  all  over  cover'd  with  large  hard 
fcalcj,  impenetrable  to  any  weapon.  It  de- 
fends it  felf  from  other  voracious  beafts,  and 
efpecially  from  the  leopar..,  by  fetting  up 
its  fcales,  which  are  pointed  (harp  at  the 
end. 

The  civet-cat  is  here  very  common.  ThisCn«.f4. 
animal  is  accounted  of  the  fpccies  of  cats, 
but  I  think  it  may  be  rather  reckon'd  a- 
mong  that  of  wolves ;  being  almoft  of  the 
fame  form  and  (hape,  and  having  like  the 
wolf  a  bone  on  each  fide  of  its  ribs,  which 
hinders  it  from  turning  (hort,  as  it  is  with  the 
wolf.  It  h.is  a  long  pointed  muzzle  like 
the  fox,  fhort  ears,  (harp  nofe,  and  pointed 
teeth,  the  hair  of  a  grey  colour,  fpotted 
black  every  where,  as  well  as  its  long  tail, 
the  hair  of  which  is  as  brulhy  round  about 
it ;  the  nails  or  claws  black,  thick,  (hort,  and 
but  a  little  bent,  the  legs  fomewhat  fhort 
in  proportion  to  its  body.  This  animal  is 
voracious,  feeding  on  carrion,  raw  fli  (h,  as 
alfo  maiz  boil'd ;  and  I  often  obferved,  ij  one 
I  brought  over  to  Europe,  that  it  would 
always  lean  or  lay  down  a  minute  or  two 
on  the  meat  1  gave  it,  before  he  cat  it. 
That  which  I  brought  over,  having  had  no 
meat  for  a  whole  day,  through  the  care- 
lelTnefs  of  my  man,  at  Guadiilupc,  found 
means  to  gnaw  a  palTiigc  through  the  rails 
of  the  cage  I  kept  it  in,  came  into  my 
room,  as  I  was  fitting  there  writing  in  the 
morning, and  ftaring  about  with  "lerce  fpark- 
ling  eyes,  leap'd  five  or  fix  foot  high,  at  .i 
very  fine  talking  parrot,  of  the  country  of 
the  Atnazons,  which  I  had  brought  from 
Cayenne,  then  perching  on  a  pin  in  the  wall ; 
and  before  I  could  come  lo  its  relief,  the 
civet-cat  had  catch'd  it  by  the  head,  and 
fnapt  it  o(^"  with  its  teeth.  I  alfo  obferv'd 
in  this  animal,  that  it  never  cafed  nature, 
but  in  the  remoteft  corner  of  its  cage. 

The  belt  food  for  the  civet-cat,  is  raw 
fle(h  and  entrails  of  poultry,  birds,  and 
animals,  efpecially  for  fiich  as  are  kept  for 
the  pleafing  odour  they  produce-,  generally 
call'd  civet ;  which  is  lodg'd  in  a  bag  between 
its  pizzle  and  the  genitals,  having  a  wide 
mouth  or  opening  like  a  matrix,  border'd 
with  tiiiik  lips  i  which  being  open'd  with 
the  fingers,  you  find  two  holes,  or  nollrils. 
ill  the  concavity  of  whicli  is  room  enoiigii 
10  lodge  an  almond.  There  the  civ  :t  is  ton 
I  tain\:. 


QjOJli- 

^!on•ou  or 
\\'o\  ri)U, 
cr  i/»he)i. 


i 


i 


c 
o 
o 

tl 

(e 

fe 
in 
ca 
m 
ye 

th( 
ful 

in. 
anc 
hec 
ofti 
and 

Tifiri  and 

liif^riJi.    and 

tua 
rail 
tho 
hun 
way 
groi 
way 

%f 

anil 

bein 

ther 

ther 

in  tl 

the 

and 

mull 

arec 

on  IV 

take 

vin, 

placi 

tlun 

ullovs 

pard 


Book  II, 

Ic  feeds 
tches  witli 
eggs  like 
fnuiis,  not. 
thick  loft 

us  animal,  Kquog. 
ic  fhape  of  g«'o. 
)f  its  very 
i,  haunting 
■oc(Klilc,its 
large  hard 
m.  It  de- 
beafts,  and 
fetting  up 
arp  at  the 

imon.  ThisCh«.(i' 
ies  of  cats, 
■eckon'd  a- 
moft  of  tlie 
ig  like  tiie 
ribs,  which 
t  is  with  the 
nuzzle  like 
and  pointed 
lur,  fpotted 
cs  long  tail, 
ound  about 
c,(hort,  and 
ewhat  fhort 
lis  animal  is 
aw  fli  (h,  as 
;rved,  ij  one 
It  it  would 
ute  or  two 
;  he  eat  it. 
'ing  had  no 
h  the  care- 
lupe,  found 
h  the  rails 
le   into  my 
[ting  in  the 
erce  fpark- 
high,  at. I 
country  of 
luglit  from 
n  the  wall ; 
relief,  the 
head,  and 
'o  obfervM 
fed  nature, 
,ige. 

t,    is  raw 

irds,    and 

e  kept  for 

generally 

|ig  between 

ig  a  wide 

border'd 

len'd  with 

r  noltrils, 

[11  enuugii 

t  is  con 

tainV:. 


k 


C  -\p.4.  Coafts  of  South-Guinea. 


n; 


■..'Vd,  and  is  drawn  out  by  means  of  very 
1,      '  'ead  or  tin  fpoons,  for  all  other  metals 
wo     I  ■  urt  the  beaft,    this  being  a  very 
tent  i-r  p  .rt.    The  males  produce  more  civet 
than  .  -v      -nales,  and  both  muft  be  very 
much  vcx'd  and  irritated  with  a  ftick  often 
pointed  at  them,  before  you  go  to  draw  out 
the  fweet  \  for  this  irritation  intheanimalcau- 
fes  an  increafe  of  that  precious  matter,  in  the 
conc.ivities  of  the  bag  wherein  it  is  contained. 
Qjojii-         J'he  ^iojas-Morrou  or  IVoriou,    and  by 
f.ijrrou  or  the  Poriugitefe  call'd  Salvage,  or  thefavage, 
woiruu,   j^  .^  ],fgg  baboon,    very  ugly,  fomc  five 
"■ ""  "''"'  foot  long,  with  a  big  head,  thick  body  and 
arms  i  and  is  eafily  taught,  not  only  to  walk 
upright  on  its  two  hinder  legs,  but  alfo  to 
carry  a  pail  of  water  on  its  head,  and  other 
luch  like  labour.      This  brute  is  i"o  ftrong 
and    mifchievous,    ihat  it  will  attack  the 
ftrongell  man,  and  overpower  him,  either 
clawing  out  his  eyes,    or  doing  hitn  fome 
oth^r    mifchief,    if    not    hindered,      rvlolt 
of  t:.e  natives  firmly  believe  that  the    cre.i- 
turcs  will  notfpeak,  tor  fear  they  ihould  be 
let  lo  work.     They  alfo  fight  among  theni- 
felvcs ;  and  are  fo  ftrong,  that  they  will  tear 
in  pieces  the  ftrongeft  nets,  and  can  only  be 
caught  when  very  young.     They  are  com- 
monly as  tall  as  a  child  of  three  or  four 
years  of  age  •,  the  face  looks  like  a  man's  at 
a  glimpfe,  but  the  nofe  is  flat  and  crooked  j 
the  ears  like  a  man's ;  and  the  females  have 
full  paps,  and  a  belly  with  the  navel  funk 
in.  The  elbows  have  alio  their  proper  joints 
and  ligaments  -,   and  the  feet,  beyond  the 
heel-bone,  plump  and  brawny  •,  and  will 
often  go  upright,  and  lift  heavy  weights, 
and  carry  them  from  one  place  to  another. 
Ty,?<f;  nni     The  country  is  full  of  tygers,  leopards, 
Unf/rdi.    and  other  ravenous  beafts,  wiiich  are  perpe- 
tually fighting  ;    but  the  tygers  have  gene- 
r.illy  the  better:    and  for  that  reafon,  'tis 
thought  the  leopard  drags  its  tail,    when 
hunted  or  putfued  by  the  tyger,  to  wipe  a- 
w.iy  the  imprtlTion  of  its  tret  on  the  fandy 
ground,  thai  the  tyger  may  not  fiiul  which 
way  it   fled.      The  Blacks  call  the    tyger 
f:>i(elh-qua,  that  is,  mafter  of  the  woods ; 
and  the  leopard,  ^^i.ielh;  the  king;  ihislaft 
being  very  mifchievoub  to  men,  .mil  ilu-  o- 
iliir  only  to  beafts.   And  for  that  rcalbn, 
there  is  great  feall ing,  'porting,  and  mulick 
in  the  village,  when  a  leopard  is  kill VI;  and 
the  [x'rfon  that  iloes  it,  is  much  applauiled 
and  lionoured  with  this  tomjiliment  by  the 
muUitude,   W''f  fee  your  toil  and  labow,  ntid 
are  convuueil  thai  you  are  a  man  tu  be  depended 
on  when  f'lere  is  oecaficii.   Alter  which,  they 
take  off"  the  Ikin  of  the  animal,  which  is  gi- 
ven, with  its  teeth,  to  the  king  or  chief  of  the 
place,  and  the  flelli  to  the  people  there  ga- 
tlund,  to  feaft  on  it:    but  the  king  is  not 
allow'd  to  eatof  it,  alledging,  that  the  leo- 
pard being  king  of  (lie  woods,  it  i%  nocrea* 


fonablc  that  their  king  fliould  eat  or  another  nARBor. 
king  like  himfelf.  ^-^^r>'f 

The  Blacks  kill  fo  many  leopards  every 
year,  that  their  kings  have  large  ftorcs  of 
fkinsand  teeth  of  thefe  beafts  j  which  they 
are  forc'd  to  fell  to  ftrangers,  becaufe  for  the 
fame  reafon  which  does  not  permit  them  to 
eat  of  the  fledi,  they  are  not  to  make  ufc 
of  the  fkin,  either  to  lie  on,  or  to  adorn 
theinfelves  with  it :  nay,  the  Pol'.is  or  priefts 
have  fo  infatuated  them  witii  this  notion, 
and  threatned  them  with  fuch  mighty  mi- 
feries  from  their  idols,  if  they  offend  there- 
in, th'.  they  will  not  eat  of  any  of  the 
beafts  which  the  leopard  commonly  preys 
on.  But  the  teeth  the  king  ufually  beftows 
on  his  wives  and  concubines,  which  they 
wear  at  their  necklaces  of  beads  or  bugles, 
and  account  them  a  great  ornament. 

The  dogs  here  never  bark,  but  howl,  Dci* 
anti  are  rcckon'd  delicate  food,  being  va- 
lued above  any  cattle  to  eat,  and  the  young 
on':s  commonly  fold  at  good  rates,  Thele 
dogs  are  generally  very  ugl*  creatures,  ha- 
ving no  hair  on  the  fVin.  ilieir  ears  long  and 
ftift,  like  th^'e  of  foxes. 

Insects. 
T""  H  E  country  fwarms  with  fundry  fpe- 
cies  of  them. 

The  vipers  call'd  Tombe  are  ibove  vnoVifin, 
foot  long,  their  fkin  finely  colour'd  on  the 
back  ;  they  are  not  mifchievous  till  pro^'o- 
ked,  but  when  fo,  they  bite  a  man  or  beaft, 
and  it's  mortal  in  lefs  than  three  hours, 

Amongft  the  feveral  fpecies  of  Serpents,  Umit.rajl 
that  which  they  call  here  Minia,  grows  tofi't""- 
fuch  a  monftrous  bignefs  and  length,  that 
it  fwallows  a  goat  or  hind  at  once. 

It's  reported  of  this  creature,  that  h.aving 
got  hold  of  its  prey,  either  hind,  deer,  or 
other  beaft,  it  ufually  feeds  on,  it  drags  the 
fame  to  fome  by-place,  and  there  winds  it- 
felf  two  or  three  times  about  the  body  of  the 
animal  it  has  caught,  with  fuch  force,  that 
it  is  toon  fuffocated  ;  and  then  fearches 
it  all  over,  and  if  any  pifmires  orrnts  hap- 
pen to  ftick  to  if,  the  ferpent  will  prefently 
run  away,  abandoning  the  prey ;  but  if  it 
fpies  none,  it  then  fwallows  the  beaft  whole, 
and  lies  ftill  on  the  ground  till  itisdigefted. 

This  ferpent  dreads  pilmires  or  ants  to 
fuch  a  degree,  as  to  run  away  at  the  fight  of 
a  fingle  one  ;  and  'tis  faid,  that  if  it  fhould 
fwallow  but  one,  the  ferpent  would  certain- 
ly die.  The  Blacks  eat  the  ilcfh  of  this 
monfter. 

Birds. 
■Tr  HERE  are  four  forts  of  eagles :  i .  that  j^^;,, 
*■    which  they  here  call  Cquouinija,  is  very 
large  and  big,  haunting  the  woods  more  than 
the  fea-clifts,  .and  there  perching  on  the  tops 
of  the  bfyeit  trees,  tfpecially  on  the  Bonda, 

ot 


?! 


I\ 


I 


.31 


I'  1 , 


i.' : 


1      '       \ 

■   i'              '.    ■ 
; ,.  ;  'I                 .;      (t 

(1 

1 

i '■:;■■'"  ■ 

:'. ■';^   .  ■ 

'     ,'l 

.  ,  «i  ■  .  ; 

(■'' 

li'^l    ,■!   i    ' 

1 

wn- 

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' 

•li  I 


•r.!' 


M  ,!| 


■:)  , . 


■i\  i 


n 


11^ 


yi  Defer iption  of  the 


Book  II.     j  Chap. 


tufrets. 


Kommi 
tirj. 

Clofy- 
fou- 
k,;hoiri 
iirj. 


BARnor.of  which  I  Iiave  already  fpokcn,  and  preys 
^'V^^  mucli  on  apes  for  its  nourithmcnt. 

2.  Tlii^  Cqnlantja-clou,  which  keeps  moll 
in  inor.iires  and  ponds,  where  it  Feeds  on 
filli,  as  they  fwim  on  tliefurface  of  water. 
Its  claws  are  very  crooked. 

3.  The  Simby,  a  kind  of  eagle  which  feeds 
on  all  forts  of  birds  and  feather'd  creatures, 
cxcL'pt  its  own  fpec'es. 

4.  The  Poy,  keeping  commonly  about 
the  fca-coafts,  and  feetling  on  crabs,  and 
fuch-like  filh  :  anil  has  very  crooked  claws. 

Htre  are  abundance  of  blue  parrots  with 
red  rails,  call'd  IVofaeyy.,  commonly  fitting 
on  palm  and  coco-trees. 

Tiie  bird  Komma  is  very  fine,  has  a  green 
neck,  red  wings,  a  black  tail,  a  hooked 
bill,  and  its  claws  like  thofeof  pariots. 

The  Cl^.fy-fou-kg^bojh  is  about  the  bignefs 
of  a  fparrow-hawk,  and  bl.ick  LatheiM, 
reckon'd  a  bird  of  prelage  by  the  B.ack!, 
who  tell  abunilance  of  I'lip-rfiitious  nonfen- 
fical  llories  of  it ;  and  are  lb  pollelVd  with 
that  opinion,  that  according  to  the  place 
where  they  chance  to  meet  or  fee  this  bird, 
or  to  hear  it  fing,  they  will  proceed  or  not 
proceed  on  an  intended  joinney,  or  conclude 
on  good  or  bad  fuccefs,  (Jc.  And  when  any 
pcrfon  di  s  fuddcnly  or  accidentally,  they  are 
apt  to  fay  K^bojji  has  kill'd  him,  by  ling- 
ing  over  him.  This  bird  feeds  molUy  on 
pifmires. 

The  Faiiton,  being  about  the  fi/,e  of  our 
larks,  is  another  })refaging  bird  to  the 
Bldck!,  who  are  abroail  hunting  of  bufFalos, 
elephants,  tygers,  ferpents,  or  any  other 
game.  This  little  creature  ufiially  fitting  on 
a  tree  near  the  covert  or  place  where  the  a- 
nimal  is  hid,  fings  loud  ;  which  the  hunters 
heaiini;,  they  utter  thefe  words  to  it,  Tvn- 
lc)t-ki'r.\  ton-ton-kcrr,\  that  is,  ItWll  ful- 
km  you :  then  prefently  the  bird  t^iketh  his 
flight  very  fwiftly  to  the  place  where  the 
game  lies,  and  points  right. 
I.elc-Atte-  The  l.eL>A:teraina  is  the  fwallow,  the 
jcnna^irJ  nam:  fignifying  fwallow  of  the  light  ;  and 
LAe-S'.rena,  that  of  the  night,  wiiich  is  the 
bit  or  flitter-moufe  •,  it  is  of  the  fpecies  of 
bats,  that  which  is  call'd  Tonga,  is  as  large 
as  a  turtle-dove,  and  eaten  as  a  dainty. 
Th;re  are  fuch  mukitutlcs  of  this  fort,  anil 
they  hang  in  the  day-tiine  fi  heavy  and  fo 
numerous  on  tl.e  boughs  of  trees,  that  they 
break  them  with  their  weight. 

Heie  is  alio  a  little  bird,  about  the  fize 
of  a  fparrow,  which  commonly  makes  a 
hole  with  its  bill,  l)y  little  and  little,  in  the 
trunks  of  trees,  there  to  nell  and  breed  ; 
which  gives  occafion  to  the  Bhitki  to  believe 
that  thele  little  creatures,  having  formerly 
complained  to  C'lnou  their  deity,  that  men 
always  ftole  their  young  ones  from  their 
nefts,  which  they  uled  to  build  on  the 
boughs  of  trees,  and  pcticion'd  hiin  to  caufe 


Vanton 
HrJ. 


the  heavens  to  fall  on  mankind  nnd  crufli 
them;  Canou  very  readily  granted  their  re- 
queft,  provided  they  fliould  firil  pull  down 
all  the  trees  in  the  country :  in  order  to 
which,  ihey  now  holiow  the  trunks  of  trees, 
and  there  build  their  neds. 

The  i^lfonfoo  is  a  kind  of  raven,  black  allQfonfoo 
over  the  body,  but  th-;  neck  all  white,  and^'rW. 
builds  its  ntll  on  trees,  with  bulrudu  ,  ,iiid 
clay.  The  hens,  as  the  natives  report,  pull 
off  all  their  own  feathers,  when  they  are 
ready  to  hatch  their  eggs,  in  order  to  cover 
their  brood  i  the  cock,  at  that  time,  taking 
care  to  feed  them  all,  till  the  young  ones 
are  fit  to  fhift  for  themfelves. 

The  woods  harbour  a  multitude  of  tur-  fHrtln. 
ties,  which  they  call  Papoo,  and  are  of  three 
diHerent  forts  ;  the  firll,  call'd  Bollendo, 
which  are  copple-crown'd  j  the  fecond,  Katn- 
hygi',  having  bald  heads  without  any  fea- 
thers ;  and  the  third,  Diiedeii,  the  leathers 
of  their  body  black,  Ipeckled  white,  and 
all  white  about  the  neck. 

Here  are  cr.uies  call'd  Tigua;  andat  CaZ'OCr«nf,, 
Vi  file,  y/qita-  Piaffo. 

The  Dorro  is  a  very  larg?  bird,  haunting  Oorro 
the  morafles  and  rivers,  where  it  feeds  on*'"'- 
filh. 

TVtJowwa  is  of  the  fize  of  a  lark,  an  'J""wa 
generilly  lays  its  eggs  on  paths  and  roads,  *"■**• 
which  none  of  the  Coli^a  hljrks  will  dellroy  ; 
being  poOiifsM  with  this  opinion,  that  who- 
foever  crullies  or  breaks  the  tggs  of  v.\% 
bird,  his  chil  hen  will  'ot  live  long.  If 
they  happen  to  break  them  by  chance,  they 
are  ready  to  run  diitiaitei'  •>  and  when  come 
to  thimfclves,  tliey  v  ow  never  to  cat  of  any 
birds  i  and  will  give  the  n.iine  of  'J',uw;i  to 
the  cliilil  that  happens  u.  be  born  next,  after 
tins  accident. 

They  have  two  forts  of  herons,  one  white, 
the  other  blue. 

The  Blacks  eat  of  all  the  birds  above- 
mention'd,  except  the  JouwUt  f'tnlon,  and 
tlie  K^bojfi,  which  are  facred  among  them. 

Wing'd   Insects. 
'T'HIS  c'>untiy  is  very  rich  in  Kvnmok  JJe ^„, 
*■    or  hoi.cy-bees,  which  hive  in  the  cavi- 
ties of  trees  ;  and  honey  is  fo  plenty,  that 
abundance  of  it  is  never  gather'd. 

The  f^^iom-Bok^^y'vr  dtone-bees,  hurt  no 
body  unlefs  provoked,  and  then  their  fiing 
caules  great  and  dangerous  inflammations. 
Thefe  inlech  commonly  hive  about  the  hou- 
fes,  but  never  give  honey. 

There  is  another  fort  of  honey-bees,  call'd 
iZbollkq-bcily .  which,  as  the  former,  hive  in 
the  cavities  of  trees;  but  their  honey  is  very 
brown,  and  the  wax  black. 

Men  are  here  viry  much  troubled  with (,-,„,, 
gnats,  nightanddayi    being  common  in  .dl 
woody  and  niorafly  lands  between  the  i  ao 
tropicks. 

At 


ftiti. 


iUrna^ii. 


«►*. 


SookII. 


ciufli 
■ir  rc- 
tiown 
er  to 
trees. 


ck  al!  Qfonfoo 


aiv 


I  iird. 


.:>  ,inJ 

.  l^iill 
L'y  arc 
cover 
:aking 
I  ones 

)f  tur-  rurtlei. 
f  three 

\llendo, 
,  Ktim- 
ly  fea- 
eathets 
e,  and 

at  CaloCranii. 

Hinting  Oorro 
:eds  on  *"■''• 

k,  anU'-uwi 
Iroads/"'''- 
eftroy  -, 
at  who- 

of  "iii.t 

"g.     If 

!■,  they 

n  come 

of  any 

'J.l  to 
I,  after 

:  white, 

•bove- 
and 
them. 


\>mok  Jp  Bf„_ 
i(j  c.ivi- 
that 

hurt  no 

fting 
lations. 

hou- 

call'd 

iiivc  in 

'  is  v(.ry 

■d  with(,„j(, 
m  in  ,ill 

he  I  wo 

At 


Chap.  ?•  Coafis  of  South-Guinea. 


ill 


*  ftiii. 


At  the  time  of  the  rains,  Iierc  is  a  mul- 
titude of  flies,  by  tiic  natives  call'd  (latlfh, 
thick,  broad-headed,  and  mouthlefs,  much 
bigger  than  thofe  tlie  French  call  Cii^ah:', 
which  cemmonly  fit  on  trees,  and  fing,  af- 
ter a  iliricking  manner,  both  day  and  night, 


living  only   on  tlic  dew  of  heaven,  which  Bar  hot 
they  draw  in,  by  certain  longues  like  iirjekles,  '-'V^^ 
placed  on  their  brcalU :  they  are  in   both 
hot  and  cold  countries,  but  by  what  name 
call'd  in  r.ng'ai:.!,  I  know  not.    Thcfe  llit.s 
the  Blacks  c.n,  and  fay  they  live  by  the  air. 


C  H  A  P.     V. 

Marriages  of  thefe  Blacks ;  polygamy ;  naviing  of  children ;  habit  and  employ- 
ments-^ towns  and  houjes  i  language  i  fonerers  and poifbucrs  i  funerals  and 
fuccejjion. 


■ 


Wives  ami  Chii-dukv. 
hUrm^ti, f  I  i H  E  Blacks  marry  as  many  wives  as 

M  they  can  maintain  ;  and  fomc'  of  tlir 
kings  of  the  country  have  three  or  four 
Jiundred  wives  and  concubines,  who  are  ke[)t 
in  feveral  villages.  The  fame  is  done  by 
private  perlbns  -,  but  the  makilmah,  or  fiilV 
wifc,  is  the  mod  regarded,  not  only  by  tli:- 
hufband,  but  by  all  his  other  wives.  They 
live  feemingly  contented  with  all  their  wiv..s, 
and  little  or  nothing  concerncil  at  their 
number  -,  for  the  keeping  of  them  is  not 
very  cxpenfive,  neither  are  they  much  con- 
cerned if  they  lie  with  other  men. 

They  obferve  very  little  ceremony  in 
marrying,  but  fo  very  different,  according 
to  the  feveral  cuftoins  of  countries,  tli.it  it 
would  be  very  tedious  to  dcfcribe,  being 
but  little  different  from  what  is  pradifcd  in 
other  parts  of  Nigritia :  Only  it  mud  not 
be  omitted,  mat  the  bridegroom  is  to  make 
his  bride  three  dillin>:;l  prefents ;  the  tiifl 
call'd  Togloe  or  Cola,  confilb  of  a  little  co- 
ral and  bugles ;  the  fecond  is  Jafiiig-,  a  few 
pagnos  or  cloth  ;  the  third,  Lejing,,  which  is 
a  trunk  or  chcft  to  put  up  her  things ;  or  a 
brafs  kettle  or  bafin ;  and  fon.°  others,  a  flave : 
and  the  father  of  the  bride  fends  a  prefent 
of  one  or  two  flaves,  two  frocks,  a  c]ui- 
vcr  furniffi'd  with  arrows,  a  fcymctcrwith 
its  belt,  and  three  or  four  baskets  of  rice. 

The  hufband  takes  care  to  maintain  the 
boys,  and  the  women  the  girls. 

They  fcruple  not  to  marry  women  that 
have  loll  their  virginity  \  nay,  they  account 
it  a  labour  favcd,  but  covet  much  liich  as 
have  good  portions. 

Th"fe  Blacki,  as  well  as  thofe  ofGamhoa, 
abftain  from  their  wives  as  foon  as  tiiey 
api'^ar  to  be  with  child.  Nor  do  the  wo- 
men in  that  condition  allow  it,  for  fear  of 
corrupting  their  milk  -,  and  both  men  and 
women  account  it  a  great  crime  and  in- 
famy to  tranfgrefs  this  cuftom. 
s>mm^  They  ulually  give  names  to  their  chil- 
'fiiy:-  dren  ten  days  after  they  are  born.  The 
day  fixed  for  the  folemnity  of  giving  the 
name  to  a  boy,  is  remarkable;  on  that  day 
the  father  comes  very  early  out  of  his  houfe, 
attended   by  his  domeflicks,   anned  with 

Vol.  V. 


thiir  bows  and  arrows,  and  v.'idks  all  about 
the  town,  howling,  (iiiging,  is'i.  which  the 
other  inhabitants  hearing,  come  out  alio, 
to  join  with  him  ;  and  thus  the  greater  the 
company  grows,  the  greater  the  noife  is, 
by  joining  to  it  their  nmfical  inftruments. 
And  this  being  over,  the  pi-rfon  appointed 
for  the  Ceremony  takes  '.hi'  i_h:ld  from  tiie 
mother's  arms,  lays  it  down  on  a  kind  of 
(liield  or  bulkier  in  the  midft  of  all  the 
company,  and  puts  a  bow,  made  on  pur- 
I'ole,  in  the  child's  hand.  Then  he  turns 
about  to  the  people,  makes  a  long  difcourfe 
on  the  I'ubjcdt ;  anel  thai  ended,  turns  a- 
bout  again  to  the  child,  wifhing  he  may 
loon  be  like  his  fuller,  indudrious,  a  good 
bulkier,  and  good  hufbani.lman,  to  get  rice, 
to  entertain  fuch  as  will  come  to  vifit  him  j 
that  he  may  not  covet  his  neighbour's  wife, 
•lor  be  a  drunkard,  nor  glutton,  and  much 
Inch  morality  :  then  he  takcth  the  child 
up  again,  gives  him  a  name,  and  delivers 
him  up  again  to  his  mother  or  nurfe. 
After  which,  all  the  company  withdraw, 
the  men  go  a  hunting,  or  to  get  palm-wine, 
and  in  the  afternoon  they  meet  again  all 
together  at  the  town,  and  there  the  child's 
mother  boils  the  game  they  have  brought, 
with  rice  ;  and  thus  they  feaft  till  night. 

The  ceremonial  of  naming  the  girls,  is  not  K»m!n^  fj 
fo  confiderable.  That  day  the  mother  ori'>''- 
nurfe  brings  the  child,  where  the  bed  part 
of  the  people  of  the  village  are  affembled  i 
there  it  is  laid  down  on  a  mat  on  the 
ground,  with  a  little  dad'  in  one  hand, 
exhorting  the  child  to  be  a  good  houfe- 
wife,  to  be  chade,  to  keep  herfell  cleanly, 
to  be  a  good  cook,  a  dutiful  wife;  when 
once  married,  to  mind  her  hufband,  that 
he  may  love  her  above  all  his  other  wives, 
to  attend  him  at  hunting,  and  other  fuch 
like  wiflies  -,  which  being  over,  tlie  name  is 
given  her,  isc. 

Habit. 
'T'lIE  h.ibit  of  mod   of  the  Negroes  injf«,^«r. 

this  country  is  commonly  a  frock,  like 'n*"". 
a  fliirt,  with  wide  long  lleeves  hanging  down 
to  the  knees.    Some  of  the  prime  men,  as 
kings  or  chiefs,   wear  belkles  alio   fome- 


Hh 


times 


m\ 


i '  '    ' 

1 

1 

! 

■ 

il> 


■■mm  I  '^ 


-  \\>'y  ," 


t 

.§;!•'''■ 

t. 

li 

ilu'-;. 

ii8 


^  Def crip t ion  of  the 


Book  II.    1  Cha 


FlAiiH.or  tiiiif^  either  ;i  tlo.ik  oi  co.ir,   if  they    Ii.ive 

'■^'V^'  it  from    loine  Eumpcau,  and   lei-m   to   be 

vt-ry  proud  ot  that  drcfs.     'I'hcy  alio  wear 

a  wooILn  cap  on  their  head,  and  go  all 

b.uc-loDt. 

Tlu-  women  commonly  wear  a  narrow 
cloth  about  tlu'ir  middles,  ind  tucked  in 
at  their  fdl.'s  to  I'allon  it,  to  lave  th<'  charge 
or  trouble  (it  a  {',ii''"'''  -^ome  go  now  and 
then  Ihaineltlly  ii.ikeil,  without  any  con- 
cern. 

I )  I  S  E  A  s  i;  s. 


mtni. 


aHbrd  fn  much  oi;-iirtunity  of  trailing  with 
J:u)opea':',  in  elephaiiti  teeth,  bees-wax,  and 
loinc  cam-wooil :  tor  they  have  but  tew  or 
no  (laves  t<i  dilpofe  of  that  way  ;  and  the 
great  mnnbcr  of  Eiirotean  ftiijis  yearly  paf- 
ling  along  their  coall,  foon  exhaufts  their 
tonur  jilities. 

As  to  till.ige,  they  commonly  begin  in  W/j^, 
'JaiW!inti.t  prepare  their  lowmarlliy  grounds 
to  low  rice,    their  fubllantial  food  •,  every 
one  chufiii.;  what  he  liketh,  that  is  not  prc- 
pollelled  by  others.     They  few  rice  inurh 


andhitnl-    I 


ini. 


Ml". N  anil  bealh  are  here  afflicted  with    the  fame  way  .is  our  hufbandme 
i,\  nAt.  (Mrrc  lit    (lith'iv,i-,.-i'i:   in. t    itifirtiiL      in    rf/inrii    nr   J*'tfjLitt/l     hpiniy    fn 


corn 


I  kit  lie  hi 
diftaft. 

Meailcs. 


Small- 
pox. 


Held, 
ach. 


nioodv 
flux.  ' 


many  lorls  ot  liillemp.rs  and  iiifirnii- 
rics,  li-veral  of  which  are  not  known  in 
Eurnj-c.  I  Ihall  mention  the  chieteil  of 
'     HI. 

I    c  (f  '<j  kills  a   multitude  of  elc- 

p  ■,.■■,  •<■■''  ''IS,  wild  boars,  and  dogs  ■,  but 
not  .'i.  -i\:\v         ■>  or  women. 

'i  ,  ....  kill   .ibundance,  anil   for- 

merly i.i  tne  lane.  '^ondc,  fwept  away  the 
bell  p.irt  of  the  pLOpi  .  They  think  this 
didempcr  was  brought  in  by  ibme  E.ino- 
fi:i>:s,  at  the  beginning  of  this  century, 
who  had  fpent  fome  rime  at  Sit'rra  Leona. 

The  Sm,i!l-Pox  alfo  ravages  this  country 
very  much,  and  kills  very  many  of  the  na- 
tives, old  and  young. 

The  llead-acb,  call'd  HoiuIeDoergb,  is 
very  violent,  as  well  as  the  tooth-ach, 
which  is  named  Jy-Docngh. 

The  Bloody-Jlux  is  aUb  common,  and 
fweeps  away  mulritiules  of  the  Bhuki  after 
they  liave  loll  a  i  (heir  blood.  Tliey  fancy 
this  difteinper  is  given  by  witches  and  for- 
cercrs,  call'd  here  Sovab-Moiwit. 

The  ^il'(.j'ii  Nijroes  affirm,  they  never 
knew  of  tiie  bloody-flux  till  it  was  brought 
from  Sierra  Leona,  in  the  year  1626,  eight 
months  after  the  Diitcb  admiral  Laun  had 
left  tliat  place. 

Tliey  are  alio  much  afllifteil  with  Cankers, 


in  France  or  England,  being  followed  by 
Ibme  perfon,  who  curneth  the  ground  light- 
ly over  the  feeil,  with  a  little  hooked  tool 
fittctl  for  fuch  bufinefs. 

The  rice  llioots  up  three  days  after  'mcnp,  ,f 
Ibwn  ;  and  then  they  cnclofe  the  field  with"", 
a  p.ililV.ido  or  hedge,  about  two  foot  high, 
to  defend  it  from  elephants  or  buffalos, 
which  are  great  lovers  of  this  grain  ;  keep- 
ing always  a  watch  about  it  of  boys  of 
their  own,  or  flavcs,  who  alio  preferve  it 
from  being  fpoil'd  by  the  multitudes  of 
birds  that  arc  about  the  lands.  And  towards 
the  beginning  of  May  they  cut  it  down, 
and  immedi.itely  make  a  fecond  tiU.ig'*,  to 
low  rice  again  in  other  higher  grounds,  for 
they  can  low  rice  at  three  ditterent  tim  9  of 
the  year  ;  the  firft  in  marlliy  ground;,  the 
lecond  in  hard  level  grounds,  wliich  i.-;  cut 
the  beginning  of  Juh,  and  the  third  on 
high  riling  grounds,  cut  the  beginning  of 
Novi-mbcr,  alternatively  the  one  after  the 
other.  The  continual  rains  they  hive  here 
from  /-Ipril  to  September,  much  facilitating 
the  tillage  of  hard  and  high  lands,  which 
is  every  where  done   by  hand. 

They  never  cultivate  the  fame  ground, 
bi;t  at  two  or  three  years  diftance,  to  give 
it  time  to  recover  itlelf ;  nor  will  they  ap- 
propriate to  ihemfelves  the  grounds  of  o^ 


hnlfien 
t'mi. 


fwelling  out  at  the  note,  lips,  arms,  and    thers,  unlefs  by  mutual  confent,  cfpeci.dly 
legs-,  which  perhaps  may  beoccafioned  by    harder  high  grounds,  knowing  what  toil 


their  extraordinary  luxuriouihelii  with  wo- 
men and  common  harlots. 

Here  is  another  elfewhere  unknown  and 
foul  dillemper,  the  Bluiks  are  fubjedt  to, 
throughout  all  the  country  about  Surra 
Leona,  .uid  in  i^oja  ;  i.  e.  a  wonderful  fwcl- 
TiimcHri.  ling  of,  or  in,  the  Scrotum  ;  inollly  occa- 
fionecl  by  the  excefTive  drinking  of  palm- 
wine,  which  caules  violent  pains,  and  iiin- 
ders  their  cohabiting  with  women.  The 
people  of  Fo'gia!  and  Hondo  are  not  lb  much 
troubled  with  it. 

Employments. 

XfW«.      'Tp  II E  chief  bullncfs  of  the  Blacks  is  til- 

lage,  for  they  do  not  mind  trade  near 

fo  much,  feeming  to  be  contented  with  what 

is  fimply  nccelT.uy  for  life  ;  I  me.in  lor  the 

erh.ips  tiic  co' 


and  labour  it  has  coft  the  proprietor  to  grub 
and  rid  them  of  large  trees  or  bufhes. 

The  women  have  a  great  lliare  in  cultiva-  whut  ih, 
ting  of  the  lands.  In  fome  placei  'tis  their  "'wi « 
tafk  to  sveed,  and  in  others,  to  fow  the  rice ; 
and  more  efpecially  'tis  generally  the  bufi- 
nefs of  all  women  to  drefs  and  beat  it  in 
long  deep  mortars,  made  bf  a  hollow  trunk 
ot  a  large  tree ;  and,  in  fine,  to  boil  it  for 
their  families  ufe. 

The  Blacks  fpend  much  time  in  getting  in 
the  rice,  to  dry  it  well  on  the  tallows  or 
ground  it  grew  on,  and  to  bind  it  in  fheaves, 
and  pay  the  tythe  to  their  kings. 

The  countries  of  the  Hondoi,  Galas,  and 
Gebbc  Mown,  do  chiefly  abound  in  that 
grain,  at  all  times ;  their  l.inds  produ>  ing 
more,  and  better,  than  an)  other  cou.itry 


1 
a 
li 
h 

1' 
o 

t' 

B' 

til 
wi 

of 
Be 
ot 


alf( 
tret 

Otili 

this 

ball 

get 

and 

tiim 

h.is 

mat 

b.r 

com 

t.'u' 

witl 

tlloi 

Ifing 
ro  i! 
('l.ictj 
be  k 
t.iiii 
loop 
llieir 
T 
i;,;d 

wile, 
riie  ( 
Su 
into  V 
of  an 

of  till 

fcrrJ:, 
tim 


'II 


gepcialiiy,  or  perh.ips  tiic  country  dots  not    about  chcm,  which  is  a  great  advantage  to 

tfiofe, 


and  1.1 


Book  II. 

ifT  with 
IX,  and 
tew  or 
inil  the 
ly  pif- 
b  their 

)cgin  \nJill'»ii 
iiounda 
■,  every 
lot  prc- 
c  iruch 
io  corn 
wed  by 
v\  light- 
ked  tool 

ifcer  'tiscrofi «/ 
eld  with""- 
ot  high, 
bufi-dos, 
i;  kccp- 
boys  ot 
clcrvc  it 
icudcs  of 
I  towards 
it  down, 
illag'',  to 
juniJs,  tor 
t  tim  3  of 
iiindr,  tlie 
\k\\  is  cut 
;  tl.iid  on 
jinniiig  of 
[after  the 

I ive  here 

:ilitating 
which 

ground, 

to  give 
they  >ip- 
mds  of  o- 

fpeci.dly 
what  toil 
ir  to  grub 
hes. 
n  cuhiva- wi«Mf,( 

'tis  their »»'""'  '< 

the  rice  -, 
the  bufi- 
beat  it  in 
low  trunk 

oil  it  for 

jetting  in 
illows  or 
n  flieaves, 

alr,s,  and 
in  lh:it 
Irodu.  ing 
cou^try 
fntage  to 
iholc, 


Chap.  <;> 


Coafts  <9/'S0 u  T H-G U  I N  E  A. 


(ip 


{ 


Jirtlfien- 
tiini. 


thofi^',  wlio  either  for  want  of  a  goodcropor 
i;o()d  hiiHi indry  at  honir, repair  thitiur  with 
tiotlis,  brals,  or  copper  bafins,  and  orhi-r 
tilings,  to  purcliale  it:  but  generally  tlicy  arc 
very  carckil  to  manage  their  ftore  well,  and 
to  have  no  want  of  their  neighbours. 

The  y^'rjiis  liiiiks  employ  their  time  in 
fifhing,  duiing  the  intervals  of  their  different 
h.irvcll-timts,  or  in  hunting,  or  builJing, 
as  occafion  lequircs.  Tho'  every  one  here 
has  a  fort  of  liberty  to  employ  himfeif  as 
he  thinks  fit,  yet  the  hunting  of  water-ele- 
phants, or  butt'alos,  is  iblely  the  privilege 
of  fuch  as  the  king  has  appointed,  who  are 
to  give  iiim  tiie  moiety  of  the  luitf  ilos  they 
tan  catch,  and  a  tlinil  part  of  all  other 
game  whatever.  But  c'e  water-elephants 
api'ertain  whully  to  tiie  king  or  rhijf  of 
tiie  land,  and  the  hunters  mull  be  fati-ficd 
witli  whatpoition  he  ispleafed  to  return  tliem. 

The  lillurmen  are  alfo  to  [;iv  ■  a  portion 
of  the  filh  they  catch,  to  the  pritlls  of 
}ii\  y,  for  the  jannanen  :  that  is  tlie  fouls 
ol  their  decealed  relations  in  the  otiier  litw'. 

Towns  aitJ  Houses. 
'"I"  fTE  lioulls  of  the  ^lojns  are  all  built 
■■■  round,  as  at  RufijcD,  and  their  villages 
alfo  in  a  circular  form,  furrounded  with 
trees  planted  very  thick,  or  near  one  an- 
otiier.  But  the  fortified  towns  they  have  in 
this  country,  have  four  Koberes,  a  ibrt  of 
ballions,  through  which  they  come  out,  or 
get  into  the  village,  at  a  gate  fo  narrow 
and  low,  that  only  one  man  can  pafs  at  a 
time.  Uach  of  thefe  Koberes,  or  ballions, 
has  a  Imall  centinel's  box  over  the  gate, 
made  of  the  branches  of  a  tree,  cM'dTom- 
h:r  BiUigoe'.iU  The  watch  or  ceniinel  is 
commonly  one  of  tiie  molt  courageous  of 
tin-  jilace.  Tht  li-  towns  are  befules  inclos'd 
with  curtiii.i,  of  thele  Tot/thoc  (ialfs,  or  of 
thoii.'  of  the  palm-wine  trees,  both  being 
long,  ihiik  and  very  hard  wood,  f.iften'd 
ro  t!ie  nces  that  are  planted  all  round  the 
[^lace,  in  fuch  manner,  that  nothing  can 
be  lien  through  this  endofure  -,  but  at  cer- 
tain liitl.inces  there  are  narrow  lights  or 
loop-holes,  with  flnittcrs,  to  make  ult;  of 
their  iniifk'.  t>  if  need  be. 

The  lanes  or  Ifreets  through  the  towns 
Itad  from  one  Kobcrt  to  tiie  other,  crofs- 
wiir,  ami  fiirming  a  fort  ot  market-place  in 
tin-  centre. 

Su(  h  fortified  towns  they  call  Sanfiuh, 
into  which  the  countiy  peojjle retire  in  cafe 
of  an  irru[it;on  from  an  enemy  ;  every  one 
of  tlie  open  country  and  villages  call'd  I'on- 
fcrrJ:,  having  a  iioufe  in  the  Han-Jiah,  fur  a 
time  ot  need. 

Rivers    and  Bridges. 

'y  1 1  ¥.  rivers  in  the  country  of  the  .'^«y<w 

■*■     being  fo  fli.dlow,  and  choak'd  with  f.dis 

and  lands,  there  is  no  occafign  tor  canoes, 


but  for  tlie  convenience  of  tr.iVfiieri.  They  B*Rii"r. 
have  here  and  there  a  fort  of  bridges  made  **^V>^ 
with  ftafl's  of  '/(JM^fff",  lied  cloli;  together  i 
and  over  them,  on  each  fide,  about  three 
foot  high,  a  long  rope  made  of  certain 
roots  twifted,  to  preferve  tlie  travellers  from 
failing  into  the  river.  Thefe  bridges  are 
fartencd  at  eacii  end,  on  the  lam),  with  tiie 
tlime  fort  of  ropes,  made  very  ftrong,  and 
fiv.'d  to  trees. 

Temper    and  Inclinations. 

T  Have  before  obferv'd,  that  the  Blacks  in 

general  are  very  luxurious,which  not  only 
occafions  inany  difeafes,  but  alio  fliortens 
their  lives. 

The  women  are   no  Icfs  intemperate  in  LtuJntfi 
that  refpeft,  and  ufe  certain  liquors  made 
of  herbs  and  barks,  to  excite  their  natural 
defire. 

Both  fexes  are  extremely  fond  of  iiron^V'unhu- 
lir.iors,  and  tr;'"i-i        of  brandy,  when 'tis  "'A- 
olferMthenii  lor      .  ve      "eldom  they  will 
buy  any  of  the  huru^'en, 

Tliefe  Blacks  e  all  /.ether  in  great  c/juriry 
union  and  frien. 111.  Mv.oiig  ihemfelves,  be- 
ing at  all  time  <Jy  ,:o  help  and  afTift  fuch 
as  come  to  want  c  '  dnp,  or  provifions,  and 
that  in  as  cfFedual .. .  nanncr  as  they  are  able 
to  do  it,  or  nakinp;  prefents  to  one  an- 
other, lbme\  .:  clothes,  at  other  times 
offlaves,  or  oihtf  valuable  things.  A 
if  any  one  dies,  and  has  not  left  enough  to 
pay  tiie  charge  of  hir  burial,  his  friends  do 
it  at  their  own  expence. 

No  perfon  can  be  admitted  to  the  king's 
prefence,  whether  whife  or  black,  but  he 
mu(V  carry  a  prefent,  according  to  times 
and  occafions. 

The  Blacks  here  are  not  much  addided 
to  fteal  or  pilfer  from  one  another,  but 
make  no  fcrupic  of  taking  what  they  can 
from  ftrangers. 


1'bi'ir  La  N  r.  u  A  c  E. 


HE 


common  l.mguage  of  the  Blacks 
*-  iicre  is  the  dialed  of  the  i^ujai,  be- 
fides  fonie  which  are  peculiar ;  as  thofe  of 
Tim,  Hondo,  Ahndo,  Fo/giis,  Gala  and  Gebh,-. 
That  of  the  Folgiis  i.s  the  mofl  elegant,  and 
therefore  call'd  A4cii(iiikoj  that  is,  the  lord's 
language,  in  honour  of  the  king  of  fb/^w, 
to  wiiom  they  are  fubjed  by  homage. 
Thole  of  Gala  and  Gebbe  differ  a  little  from 
the  Folgiaii  tongue  ;  and  there  is  much  the 
fame  dilTerence  in  that  of  the  Ccndf-^injas, 
towards  the  frontiers  of  ihiui:,  as  there  is 
between  High  and  [.civ-T>utch. 

Tlie  Blacks  of  fartiion  ufe  fonie  fort  ofE,v>.j«/n.- 
cloqucnce  in  their  difiourfe,  and  frequently 
make  ule  of  allegories,  well  apply 'd,  and 
to  the  purpofe,  much  after  '.he  manner  that 
we   read  in  Jud^fsix.  8,  'Jpil.am  the  fon 

of 


^ 


;y*.i 


I"  'I,; 


I'  A 


'■4     . 
'I     .■ 


:i     i " 


0  ' 

111 '  I 


I 


i  :!^:iM: 


|i<is?'|»i:;!'  ; 


''^iiy|t'^'^' 


120 


yl  Defer i prion  of  the 


Book  II.  MChap. 


lim  ef 

Iwun 


tiir'J 
iiUks. 


Mi  J,if. 
fmi. 


I!.M;ii()r  of  G:,!.cii,  ilclivciM  liimfclt'  to  ihc  lords 

^^V^  ot  Shorm. 

s»  iiijijiic-  Tlicy  Jo  not  iliviilc  the  tl.iy  into  lioiirs, 
hiitonly  know  wlien  it  is  niiilniglit  by  tlic 
five  Ihus  ;  wliicli,  bcfides  the  7Vi?(,(,/,\!,  .ip 
I'l.ir  on  tlic  hiMil  of  Taurm,  wiuLh  tlicy 
call  Mui.;a-Ding,  the  lord\  Ton. 

The  llliiiki  in  thcle  parts  are  generally 
"wrll  tenipcrM,  civil,  antl  tradable,  anJ  not 
aililii-'ted  to  fpill  liunian  blooJ,  iiulels  very 
inucli  provok'tl,  or  at  the  Inner  ils  ot  very 
[^nat  iJerlons,  as  fliail  foon  be  obliTvM. 

Sorcerers  and  Poisoners. 

'X'UF.Y  fay  they  have  many  magicians 
*■     and  forccrers  among  them,  as  alio  a 
p^'iiiliar  (brt  ot  nien,  whom  they  call  Scvab 
Mouiwiifm,    that  is,  poifoiurs  and   hlood- 
liickiTs  i  and  thile  tluy  fancy  will  fncL  the 
blood  out  of  any  man  or  biall,  or  .w  !■  all 
corrupt  it  in  futh  manner,  as  to  oicafioii 
iiiiynng  and    paintul  difcalis.     There  arr 
others,  called  /';.'/),  who,  by  their  mchant- 
nicnts,  tluy  believe  can  hinder  the  rice  fron) 
fprouting  out  of  the  ground,  or  fioni  com- 
ing to  maturity,  wluii   f;ro\sn  up.     Hoth 
thole  Ibrrsof  men,  they  tell  us,  are  inclin'd 
to  commit   fuch  barbarities  by  the  Soviib, 
that  is,  the  devil,  who  they  believe  pollelles 
lUch  as  are  ovcrwluimM  with  melancholy, 
or   grown  tl.  fpcrate   through  mi'-fortunes, 
and  therefore  withdraw  themfclvis  from  the 
comi'any  of  other    men,  and  live  wild  in 
the  wooils  and    forelVs  •,  where   the   Scvnij 
teaches  them,  Ihoivs  them  what  herbs  and 
roots  arc  to  be  ufcd  in  their  enchantments, 
as  alfo  the  gelhires,  wonls,  and  grimaces, 
proper  for  thofe  hellifli  practices,     i'hcfe 
men,  when  taken,  are  put  to  deatli,  to  ile- 
liver  the  country  from  their  mifchitfs.    The 
B.(it;(j  will  Icldom  travel  through  the  woods 
without  cunipany,  tor  tear  of  meeting  with 
fuch  men,  as  alfo  becaufe  of  the  wild  bealts 
which  fwarm  there ;  and  carry  with  them 
.1  (ompofition  ot  i<.'veral  ingredients,  which 
they  l.incy  prcferves  them  againll  the  ma- 
licious kovah. 

It  would  be  too  tedious  to  relate  the 
many  ilories  they  tell  of  thefe  forcercrs  and 
Soz'ab  ;  as  alfo  the  particular  ceremonies 
of  their  funerals  and  burials  of  deccafld 
perlbns :  it  fliall  fuffice  to  ohfervc  fome  few, 
wl.iih  are  not  ufed  among  the  other  na- 
tions I  have  al'-eady  defcribed  i  for,  in  the 
main,  they  are  the  fame,  and  no  lefs  in- 
human. 

Funerals. 

ll/HKNthe  corps  is  well  wafli'd,  they 
^"  trim  the  hair  of  its  head  into  loi  ks,  and 
fet  it  up,  cloth'd  in  all  the  beft  apparel  the 
perloii  wore  whilfl  living,  or  what  has  lieen 
given  fince  dead,  as  is  ufual  ;  fupporting  it 
with  props  behind  and  before,  and  under  th; 


.inns,  with  a  bow  in  one  hand,  and  an  ar- 
row ill  the  other. 

Then  the  neareft  relations  or  friends  make 
a  fort  ot  Ikirmilli  between  theinlelves,  with 
tin  ir  .urows,  whieh  lalli  a  conliddable 
while:  .uul  that  ended,  they  kneel  round 
the  corps,  with  their  backs  towards  ir,  as 
ir  much  provok'd  -,  and  thus  /hoot  their  ar- 
rows round  thi  worki,  as  they  call  it,  to 
lignify  they  are  riady  to  re.inge  the  le- 
ceded  .igainll  any  perliin  that  lliall  oiler 
to  f|>eak  ill  of  him,  or  that  may  have  be  n 
inllrumental  to  his  death.  After  which,  tluy  ;fi„„ 
llr.mgle  fome  Haves  belonging  to  the  de- ""./jau, 
Idled,  to  attend  him  in  the  other  world  i *'■'•'• 
who,  the  better  'o  prcp.ive  them  for  ilieir 
exit,  have  been  fialKd  with  all  the ilcli.acicj 
the  country  i.m  .liVoril. 

During  this  time  the  wc)iuen  ol  the  vil- 
I  ig'',  who  had  the  molt  laniiliarity  with  the 
IK-rfbn  ilrcealed,  ktep  about  his  wife,  and 
throwing  iheinfelves  at  her  feei,  utter  thefe 
words,  from  time  to  time,  llgt.iie,  Hgimr, 
that  is  to  lay,  be  comforted,  or  wipe  oti' 
)oiir  ti'ars. 

Alter  this,  they  take  the  corps  and  lay  it 
down  on  a  board,  or  a  fm.dl  ladder,  which 
two  mm  carry  thus  upon  their  (houlders  to 
the  grave,  calling  into  it  the  ftr.mgled  wo- 
men .mil  flives,  mats,  kettles,  batons,  bu- 
gles, and  other  odd  things  belonging  to  the 
deceafcd ;  and  covi  ring  all  with  a  mat, 
and  hanging  his  .irmour  on  .m  iron  rotl, 
fet  up  in  the  ground  at  one  end  ot  the 
roof,  which  they  erett  over  the  grave  to 
keep  o(\'  the  rain  from  it :  and  for  a  long 
while  every  day  they  leave  eatables  and  li- 
quors about  it,  lor  him  to  feed  on  in  the 
other  world.  It  a  woman  is  buried,  they 
let  u;i  at  'he  iron  pole  or  rod,  her  bafons 
and  Dutch  mugs,  in  lieu  of  armour. 

They  obferve   to   bury  a   whole   family  fj„,;„ 
fuccefnvely  .is  they    come  to  die,    in  the^nr,v;> 
Himc  place  as  near  -s 'tis  ponible,  tho'  thci"''"'- 
pcrfons    die  at  ever    fo    great  a    ti^flance. 
The  burying-places  are  commonly  in  Ibme 
forfdven,  or  ruin'd  villages,  which  they  c.dl 
■Jomhotiroi ;   and  there  are  m.uiy  ol   them  on 
the  river  Plyzo^e,  and  in  tiic  illand  M.i£'ab, 
behind  cape  Mortr. 

The  reafon  they  give  for  firangling  fL'chi,„»f. 
pcrfons  as  are  put  to  death,  in  order  to  !ie%. 
burieil,  in  the  graves  of  men  of  note,  is, 
becaufe  their  blood  is  too  precious  to  be 
fpilt  and  wafted  on  .my  account.  They 
tirangle  them  \Mth  a  tiring  put  about  the 
neck,  which  they  twift  .intl  turn  behind  the 
back  of  the  wretched  vicilims,  as  is  pradifed 
by  the  mutes  api^jinted  tor  fuch  otFiees  at 
the  Ottoman  I'oiti-.  They  .dfo  luirn  in  their 
prefence  the  remaining  viduals  t!,  it  had  been 
preparcil  to  feaft  them  before  ilieir  exit,  ad- 
judging it  to  be  f.icred. 

This 


tilling  .1/ 
fiiniriih. 


Tri^tnt'lo 
ilh'  r  ih.it 
1.11. 


nx 

ra 
till 
w.i 
to 
of 

ha 
th. 

I  01 

aii 
lh( 
hu 
wil 

pl< 

rel 
ke< 
of 
Ro 

cor 
rn.i 
not 
(In 
ma 
alll 
am 
i:ii< 
feb 
me 
r.iu 
am 


ver 

the 

wl 

niu 

dili 

bal 

ba 


'Hfitftiii- 
<»i  tiUl, 


fon 

dea 

aft 

fed 

the 

his 

the 

vwi. 


Book  II.    IChap.  <>.         Coajls  of  South-Guinea. 


121 


;uul  .m  .ir- 
icmla  ni.iLf 

ll'lvi'S,  with 

■onfKkr.ihlc 
viifcl  louiui 
iirils  ir,  as 
lot  their  ar- 

lall  it,  to 
i<;e  the    li-- 

null  oilL-r 
/  liiivc  bi  n 
wliicli,  thiyff,,,,, 

lo  the  (It- «".';ai(i 
iIkt  worki  i  *"'■''• 
■in  tor  their 
icdcli-.uiu 

ot  tlu"  vil- 
ity  willi  the 
s  wile,  .Hid 

litter  rhcle 
u  i:e,  ligim'', 
3r  wipe  ort' 

IS  and  l.iy  it 
Idcr,  whiiii 
IhouidlTS  to 
.mglcd  wo- 
j.ilons,  bu- 
ij^ing  to  tiic 
ith  a  m.ir, 
n  iron  roJ, 
[•nd  ot  tlic 
ic  gr.ivc    to 

"or  a  long 
iblcs  and  li- 
l  on  in  the 
iried,    ilicy 

her  bafons 
^tir. 

lolc  family  p^,,  ■„ 
lie,    in  thi^/i')V.> 
c,  tho'  the £"''"■• 
a   li^ftanci'. 
Illy  in  lome 
;h  they  call 
dI   them  on 

id  M.ijlld; 

igling  ll'ch^,,,^^. 
order  to  bc%. 
,)f  note,  is, 
ions  to  be 
nt.  Tiiey 
about  the 
behind  tlie 
is  pradifed 
1  offues  at 
urn  in  their 
It  havi  beiii 
;r  exit,  ad- 


Thii 


fuiurith. 


rrt'ftti  to 


T.ii'  bArbarius  ciilloni  of  racrili.iiig  the 
liviir;  to  honour  rlie  dead,  begins  now  to 
lo'.V  gioimd  i  for  here,  anil  at  othvr  places 
alrcvly  dvl'i  rilicd,  where  it  is  praitiled, 
mo'}  of  rli«  people  iiide  tiieir  d.uigliters  or 
rnildreii  m  loon  as  the  king's  ficknefs  is 
tlioiight  to  he  mortal  ;  which  thole  who 
wait  on  the  dying  king,  ufe  all  precautions 
to  conc;Ml  as  much  ,is  they  can,  that  none 
oftliore  who  ar/  to  br  thus  llaughter'd  may 
get  aw,\y  or  abll  ond.  And  when  thole  who 
liave  thus  kept  tlunilelves  out  of  the  way  at 
that  time,  return  to  tiieir  ilwcllings,  they 
are  fc'erdy  repioaih'd  with  their  want  of 
lour.igc,  whi'.ii  among  them  is  the  greatdl 
aiiront,  and  told  how  unrealonable  it  bthey 
ihould  h,ue  eaten  the  bnad  of  their  lord  or 
lui.sb.mJ,  and  be  alraid  to  die  with  him  : 
with  many  more  no  lets  ridiculous  re- 
proach.', s. 

It  is  ahb  cudomary  here  for  the  neareft 
relation',  or  friends  of  a  decealeil  perlon,  to 
keep  a  laft  of  ten  days  after  the  funeral 
of  one  of  the  common  fort,  whitii  iscallM 
Jh'h  ()inij/'\  and  thiriy  days  for  a  king  or 
confiderable  perfon.  Such  as  keep  this  tail: 
make  a  vow,  lifting  up  both  their  hands, 
not  to  eat  rice  during  that  time,  nor  to 
drink  any  lii)uor  but  what  is  kept  in  a  hole 
made  for  that  purpofe  in  the  ground,  as 
alio  to  abllain  from  the  cornimny  of  women  ; 
and  the  womin  wiio  engige  to  keep  the 
l'ai<l  fi(\,  vow  they  will  iiijt  clothe  them- 
filvcs  during  that  time,  with  any  other  gar- 
menrs  whatfoever,  but  with  white  or  black 
rags,  with  their  hair  loofe  and  dilhevtll'd, 
and   to  lie  on  the  bare  ground  at  night. 

Th'-  fall  being  over,  the  pt  nitents  lift  up 


ilK'tih.M   [)o;|i  tlieii' hauils  again,  to  ilcnote  they  have 
f'l"  very  punftually  accomphniM  it :  after  which, 

the  men  j',o  a  hunting,  the  women  drels 
what  they  kill,  and  all  together  teall  on  if, 
anil  then  thole  who  have  kept  liie  fall,  are 
difmilled  with  each  of  them  a  prefcnt  of  a 
balbn,  or  a  kettle,  or  a  cloth  ;  others  with  a 
basket  of  fait,  or  an  iron  b.ir,  izc. 

There  is  another  cuQom,  when  a  per- 
fon is  fufpcfted  to  have  died  an  untimely 
death-,  wiiicii  is  not  to  walh  the  corps,  till 
a  Ifrifl  enquiry  be  made  of  it.  To  thii  ef- 
feifl  they  tnake  a  bundle  of  forne  pieces  of 
the  dead  perlon's  garments,  the  parings  ot 
his  nails,  and  clippings  of  his  h;>ir,  on  which 
^iifirjliii-  they  blow  the  Icrapings  of  the  wrod  Mam- 
iHitiUt.   fnoii,  ot  oi  Caiii'ivood ;  fallcning  the  bundle 


to  the  pertle,  which  two  Blacks  carry  about  RAtu-oT. 
the  I'laie,  preceded  by  tlie  pri(  fis,  who  '«^V^' 
beat  with  two  hatchets,  one  againfl  the 
other,  and  afk  the  dead  corps  in  wh.ir 
place,  at  what  time,  and  by  whom  he  w.is 
thus  di  jirived  of  lite  •,  and  whether  Cai:ou 
their  deity  has  t.iken  him  into  his  protection. 
And  when  the  fpirit,  as  they  pretend,  moving 
the  heails  of  tlie  be.iiers  of  the  corps,  .ifur 
a  cirtain  manner,  gives  them  to  undcrfland 
the  i:''rj.:h-Monotilim  has  done  it  ;  they  ;i(k 
him  again,  whether  the  forcerer  is  male  or 
tem.de,  and  wliire  he  lives  :  whii  h  the  Ipi  • 
rit  alio  declaring,  in  the  lame  manner,  and 
leading  them  to  the  place  where  the  lor- 
terer  abides  ;  they  feizc  and  put  him  in 
chains,  to  be  examined  on  i  lie  charge  the 
fjirit  has  laid  on  him.  II  he  p,  rhlt,  to 
(liny  it,  he  is  compellM  to  fake  the  Kqiioifjf 
a  horrid  bitter  drink  •,  and  if  after  drinking 
three  lull  Cidab^iJI.u-s  of  it  he  vomits  it  up, 
he  is  ablblvcd  :  whereas  if  it  only  foams  out 
about  his  mouth,  he  dies  immediately  ;  his 
corps  is  burnt  on  tiie  fpot,  and  the  allies 
are  thrown  into  the  river,  or  the  ki,  be  he 
ever  lb  great  a  man. 

This  drink  is  compofed  of  the  bark  of  a 
certain  tree,  beaten  in  a  wooilcn  mortar, 
and  infufed  in  water  :  'tis  a  very  fharp  dan- 
gerous liquor,  and  commonly  adminilhed 
to  the  priloncr  in  the  morning,  in  cafe  of 
fufpicion  of  high  crimes  j  during  which  time, 
they  invoke  the  Kqmiijt  praying  that  the 
prifoner  may  vomit  up  t!ie  drink  if  he  be 
innocent  •,  but  if  guilty,  that  f  ■  may  die 
on  the  Ipot. 

Many  more  fuih  abfurdities  might  be 
related  of  thefe  people,  as  to  the  admini- 
flring  of  this  draught,  which  are  not  worth 
mentioning. 

The  ekicll  fon  of  the  deceafed  inherits  all  Provifen 
his  goods,  wives,  and  concubines  -,  and  hef'"  ^^H- 
dying  without  ilTue,  all  falls  to  his  younger '''^"'* 
brother,    if  he  has  any.     The  other  chil- 
dren are  generally  provided  for   by   their 
father,  that  they  be  not  reduced  to  poverty 
after  his  death. 

But  if  a  man  dies  without  ifTue  male, 
the  fon  of  his  brother  is  his  next  heir,  tho* 
he  fhould  leave  leveral  daughters  j  and  if 
there  is  never  a  male  left  of  a  family,  thei. 
the  king  becomes  the  fole  heir,  but  is  to 
maintain  and  fubfifl  all  the  daughters  that 
arc  left  behind. 


Vol.  V. 


CHAP 


i  II 


I 


f  ; 


# 


}     ' 


il^j! 


.'!l 


122 


-/^  Dcfcription  of  the 


Book  II 


Chai 


c  M  A  P.    vr. 


Ciovcrninent  e/VA^Quojas.  Rtccption  of  cmbajfiiHors.  lavoiir  to  K»topeans. 
Supirjtitions  about  Jouls  departed.  Lircumctjion.  Ne-x-muon.  Society  of 
men  called  Hclly;  another  of  -Ji  omen.,  called  Ncifo^c.  'Puniflment  of  male 
factors.  Of  Rio  Scftro.  The  author  vijits  that  king  ;  hn  reception,  Hie. 
Ilabitofmiuandxn'omen.  'ProdtUl,  birds,  and  beajls.  Funerals.  Religion, 
and  phyfick. 


S'tili  »t 
ihtir  ri- 

llfli$H. 


(>()  V  E  R  \  M  E  V  T. 

/mZXs  nr**''  •■'"''^"'■'fy  0^'the  ^^lohis  Beiko- 
X  >   '"'i  "v<  r  the  counti  ii-s  ofC'..'//;,  flu/^/w, 
ittjil  R(ii<lir.-Bfni;  iho'  ot  ii  griMttr  ixttnr, 
nml  more  populdiis,  is  liiu-  to  their  iwlititk 
(VJViTiiim'nt,    coini'osM  of   very    juiliiioiis 
will  iiK  n  1  who,    lo  keep  tlieir  vadilb  .inil 
ii'iiiiilioiirs  in  ignorance  ot   the  Cm.illners  o\' 
llie  country,  an. I  of  the  ineonrKlerahlenum- 
htrol  its  inh.ihiianis,  do  not  permit  any  of 
thof'  of  tlie  north  cotintiii.s  to  [r.iv<  1  to  the 
tad,  thro'  their  Ian  1.,  nur  thole  in  liieeall  to 
pfs  thro*  to  tiie  wi,  (UvartI :  hy  which  means 
ihey  .ilfo  have  miiiii  greater  Ihare  in    ilie 
traile,    from    one   part   to  another.      The 
y^i'jnkrvi:  as  ladors,  or  brokers  to  their 
iieigiibours  i    ami  convey  thro'  their  Imail 
country  tlie  gixjJs  which  the  w.lltrn  AV- 
gn,s  llnil  to  tlie  e.ift.in.or  the  calKrii  to  the 
wtllern:   lor  the  f.mie  rcalbn,   tl-.o!i    to  tlie 
nortliward   of  ihefe  .'^v  ;.  .(,    do  not  alkiw 
thcni  to  pals  tliro'  thiif  territories  to   the 
otiur  nations  IU!1  northward  of  than,    un- 
lelson  occafion  of  tlie.'^^'^.jj  nnrrying  feme 
women  aiiionj;  them. 
siitjnlti,       The  ::^i  /.IS  Behn/a  are    fukjcifl  to  tlic 
»i»Fo;^u5.kingof  A'..^,V(,  as  his  been  faidluforei  yet 
ti,.a  j.iiin.e  lias  given  rheii    king  tlie   tiilc 
of  7X,r,, •'/,"■',  which  he  lakes  iiinilMf  i    and 
tl.i.  king  ot  ti.e  !^:.ojai  gives  the  fime  title 
to  iiim  ot  Fniili/i-B  r-i',  without  doinij;  any 
liomage  to  th^  Kl^iai,  but  or.ly  to  iiimfeif. 
The   liile  of  Doiuigb  is  t:;ivcn   to   the 


down  to  him  from  Cala,  Bomh,  lolgiu,M\iJi 
other  countries. 

When  he  app(  ars  in  publick,  he  fits  or 
Hands  on  :i  Kotrda,  or  Bmkir,  to  denote, 
he  is  the  ilefemier  of  tlie  country,  tlie  lea- 
der at  war,  and  the  protedor  of  gooil  men 
opprelh 

If  any   perfon  lint  for  by  him  being  ac- 
culed  ot  any  niildenieanor,  does  not  attend 
him  immediately,    he  lends  him  his  KoredaHtwk, 
by  two  drummers,  who  arc  not  to  ceali /*""•"'. 
beating  their  drums  till  that  perlon  comes' 
along  with  thim  to  tin  king  ;  carryimr  in 
one  hand   the   A'-rci/,;,    anil   his  ciillomary 
prefents  in  tlieotlur.   And  being  lome  into 
the  king's  prefence,  he  proftrates  hinilc  It  on 
the  ground,  throwinfi  earth  over  his  head, 
begging  his  crime  ni.:y  be  paidoned,  anil 
acknowleil^rjn!-';  1  imlelt  unworthy  ro  fit  on 
the  Korctlu.     Tlu  king's  d'  fign  ui  knilinfj 


„irimii„l. 


the   K  rah^ 


to    fignily    to  the  \    r'l.n 


Tii't  1.3V 
tnin. 


king  of  the  .<;Ji("^<ij,  by  him  of  I'H^ta,  in 
thi'.  manner.  1  he  .'^- .;,;  prince  lich  down 
on  the  ground  on  Ilia  Oomach,  the  /A;/.// 
throw  lume  earth  on  his  back,  and  ask  him 
what  name  he  likes  hrll  ;  whicli  he  l;av;ng 
declared,  tiny  proclaim  it  aloud,  adding 
to  it  the  word  Doihia;^b,  with  the  name  oV 
its  country.  Then  the  now  DoiiJa^h  is  or- 
dei'il  to  rife  from  the  ground,  and  Hand- 
ing up,  is  ( r.fentcd  wiji  a  quiver  full  of 
arrows,  whi.li  \>  hung  on  his  back,  and  a 
bow  j)ut  in;o  his  h.md,  to  fignify  he  is  now 
bound  to  defnd  the  country  with  all  his 
iiii[dit.  Alter  whiji,  the  .',^,,/.;  pi  incc  does 
homage  to  the  king  ol  J•},l■_^!a,  and  makes  a 
confileraLle  prJent  ot  linnen,  dieets,  brafs- 
kcttlvi,  balbns,  ir',. 
Q..ojii;»^  This  king  of  y^/oja  is  ablolutc  and  arbi- 
al/fitme.  trary  in  liis  'Jominions,  very  jealous  of  his 
aiithoi  uy  ani  prerogatives,  and  keeps  a  great 
iiumber  of  women,  mod  of  them  brought 


it  is  lint  to,  by  way  of  reproach,  ior  his 
not  coming  up.on  the  lirll  mefliig,'  -,  that  he 
flioiild  then  come  and  t.iivc  his  pi  ue  in  the 
government,  and  execute  the  power  himfi  It, 
fince  he  is  lo  retradory  to  his  commands. 

When  any  perlon  ot  note  is  to  waitoni,;,,,, 
this  king,  he  firft  delivers  hisprefent  to  ihn i ht  ki'i 
chief  of  his  wives,  who  carries  it  to  the 
prince,  begging  Inch  a  man  may  be  ad- 
niitted  to  his  prelence,  to  throw  earth  on 
himfelf.  It  the  king  grants  the  paition, 
the  prefent  is  accepted,  and  the  perfon  ad- 
mitted to  come  and  pay  his  refp,  fts  ;  buc 
it  it  is  not  granted,  tlie  prefent  is  privately 
reftored  to  1 1  i  (  wi  ir  :who,  liowever,  dares 
not  return  home  'till  he  has  made  his  iieace 
witi)  tlie  king,  through  the  mediation  of 
lonie  ti  lends  in  tavour  with  him  •,  and  is  af- 
terwards aiimitted  to  an  audience,  and  the 
prefent  arccpted,  if  his  fault  is  not  confidcra- 
blc  ;  for  if  it  be,  the  king  is  not  c.fily  n'.oved 
to  forgive  it. 

The  perfon  fo  pardoned  and  admitted  to 
fee  the  king,  is  to  walk  towards  him,  bow- 
ing to  the  ch  lir  in  which  he  fits,  on  a  fine 
iiiat  i  bending  one  knre,  ami  Hooping 
fo  low,  as  to  reft  his  head  on  his  rigjit  arm 
laid  on  the  ground,  pronouncing  the  woid 
Doud^igb;  to  whkh  the  king  anfwers  A'w- 
Wi7./v,  J  thank  you.  After  which,  he  bids 
him  fit  on  a  little  wooden  llool  at  a  dillance, 
or  on  a  mat,  if  he  be  of  the  highelt  rank, 


%//<?. 


or  a  foreign  envoy 


Embas- 


J 

U 
t.i 
o( 

CD 

fo, 

i.< 

Bi 
an 
no 
pi  I 
th. 

CO' 

in  r 

lad< 

and 

low 

in  t 

lias 

iiei 

Juai 

his  I. 

and 

lie  e, 

iflee, 

port 

ring 

and 

made 

fuch 

by  tl 

nialte 

on    fu 

Polo, 

iiig  ex 

repeat! 

Ccuun, 

body    ( 

Itroyer 

yl'_/ilir\ 

liilplui'r 

'■       The 

'•  caulcs 

naked, 

own  bo 

cxculed 

And  dii 

about  tl 

ino''''>ns 

arrov.  ^ ; 

filenie  !c 

Ipceeh ; 

ter,     wh 

king's  S. 

interpret 

eerns  ni.i 

fer'd  till 

is  given  c 

is  condiK 

the  pief.i 


iooKlI,    I  Chat.  6.  CoapofSouTH-GuinEk. 


lil 


leans. 
tY  o( 
male- 
I,  tic. 
Ugion, 

fits  or 
ilcnotc, 
;lu'  k'.i- 
wl  im-n 

■ing  ac- 
;  ;\tti.n(l 
i  Korei'ia  Hov  h 
()   icalc /'""'•«. 

ionics 
yiny  in 
lloin.iry 
)nic  into 
nil  If  on 
lis  head, 
H'll,  anil 
ro  fii  on 

li.niiin;5 
c  ;-  rion 

tor  his 
;  that  he 
le  in  the 
r  himfi  If, 
incls. 

wait  on  J,;,,  „ 

to  tilC'"  Ir/n; 

to  the 
he  ail- 
irii)  on 

tition, 

Ion  ail- 

ts  1    biiC 

ivati-ly 
■r,  il.irc's 
is  i)cace 
it  ion  of 
111  is  af- 
and  the 
nfiilera- 
iViOVfd 

ittcd  to 
bow- 
n  a  line 
looping 
kilt  arm 
Ic  woid 
Its  A'<i- 
Ihe  bids 
lillancc. 
It  rank, 

Lmbas- 


J;\'/'|J. 


I  MIlASSAnORS    KOW    RECEIVED. 

s'Mot  AN  invoy  or  tinhalTuior  from  a  ntiph- 
ihtir  ft-  J\  bourin[i;  kin^,  fx-in^  arrived  on  the 
"/"'•«•  fr'.ntiirs  ot  \W  ::lii'>j.is,  lends  to  the  kin^ 
to  notify  iiis  arrival  thirc  \  who  Icndc  th  an 
offuT  to  brinj;  him  to  a  vili.ige  near  the 
courr,  whetf  he  Oays  till  all  thin^js  are  nady 
for  hisaiidi.ncc.  ()n  tlie  day  appointed,  he 
is  bro;i^?,Iit  from  that  village,  attended  by  a 
git.u  iuiiii!)er  of  ofTieerii  and  attendants, 
arniM  with  bows  and  iiuivits,  making  a  great 
noile  of  their  fort  of  muliek,  and  all  Ikip- 
pini;  and  dancing  by  the  way,  ano  itred  in 
their  bell  clothes.  This  iirocellion  being 
conir  to  the  p.ii.ice,  the  Bhicl^i  make  a  lane 
in  the  place  oi  arms,  thro'  which  the  embal- 
liidor  is  brought  to  the  couniii-chamber  i 
:ind  if  it  be  a  i'o'guin  cinb.dTador,  he  is  al- 
lowed to  Irive  iiis  own  .utendaiits  to  dance 
ill  this  place  of  arms  •,  but  no  other  nation 
has  th.it  li'iKTiy.  The  dance  being  over, 
he  is  coMihii^h'd  to  his  audience,  and  being 
near  to  iIk-  king's  .'>;/«/'i./«(7f,  or  ciiair,  turns 
his  back  to  him,  withone knee  to  the  ground  ; 
and  in  that  pollure  draws  his  bow  as  (UlVas 
lie  cin,  to  lignify  to  the  king  he  would 
iltecm  himfclt  very  happy  it  he  had  the  op- 
port.;nity  to  ule  it  againlt  hii  enemies.  Du- 
ring thi.  tormaliiy,  the  envoys  retinue  ling 
iinci  recire  aloud  Inch  verlls  as  have  been 
made  in  jT.iile  of  the  king  •,  in  return  for 
fucli  Uke  praifcs  t'ung  and  recited  as  loud 
by  tiic  king's  attcnil.ints,  in  honour  ot  his 
mader  and  ot  himlVlf :  a  ceremony  ul'cd 
on  fuch  Oicafions,  wlii  h  they  cdl  Polo, 
Pclo,  Siiinmah  ;  and  aniongll  many  flitter- 
ing exprelilons ,  thele  toUowing  are  often 
repeated  and  accounted  the  moll  acceptable, 
Ccmiiir,  HAic-M.ichiing,  that  is,  there  is  no 
bo.ly  tan  imitate  tiie  works  of  his  hands. 
T>o.p  John  111,  Iliiiulo-moo  \  he  is  the  dc- 
ttroyer  of  the  D}o^o  Idinaa.  Su!'.,'  "T'omba 
yliiitiryn'i';  I  lUck  like  greeic,  pitch,  or 
lulphur.  to  the  back  of  fuch  as  dare  refill  me. 
e/.')fr  cf-  'I'he  p.iiv.gyicks  ended,  the  cmbalVador 
rr,,(  ■,/.'(.  caiilcs  one  of  iiis  ofKeers,  who  is  almolt 
naked,  to  advance,  and  throw  earth  on  his 
own  body  before  the  king  ;  being  himftlf 
cxcule.i  tiom  lb  doing  by  his  character. 
And  during  that  ceremony,  all  theaflillants 
about  the  S:mm.i>i}i'  dance,  making  feveral 
mil  >ns  and  gellures  with  tlieir  bows  and 
arro.  ;  after  whieii,  the  embalfidor  defines 
filenie  lobeorder'd,  and  then  he  makes  his 
fpcech;  and  the  .S';//v,  or  king's  interpre- 
ter, wJUi  iifually  Itan^ls  up  next  to  tiie 
king's  Simvuiiioc,  with  a  bow  in  one  lumd, 
interprets  word  by  word  :  and  if  it  con- 
cerns matteis  cl  Hate,  the  anfvver  is  de- 
fer'd  till  debated  in  council  -,  otherwil'e  it 
is  given  on  the  fpot.  Then  the  eiiiballailor 
is  conducted  to  his  quarters,  alter  which 
ilie  piefjits  lie  brought  are  laid  before  the 


king,    and  the  realons  given  for  makingnAnnoi 
liich  or  fuch  a  preUnt.  '>^V^>' 

At  night,  the  king  fends  his  llaves  to 
watch  the  bmly  of  the  tmh.»llador  \  next 
his  own  wives,  in  their  belt  drcis,  with  le- 
ver.il  dirties  of  meat  and  rice,  attordingto 
the  number  of  his  retinue  :  and  after  liip- 
pcr,  the  palm-wine,  and  his  own  prefents, 
fome  brals  kettles,  or  bafons,  or  the  like. 
It  any  I'.iirojenn  is  admitted  to  tec  the  king,  F4t»)(r/i 


ly  f.i 
rrin 


and  brings  his  prefents,  he  is  allowed  to^uro- 
cat  with  the  king,  and  of  his  own  meat.  P""'' 
Wh.it  is  left  of  the  embalTador's  fupper,  is 
lor  the  king's  wives. 

No  people  among  the  R'.iuki  are  to  tor 
mal  and  lb  ceremonious  as  theli."  i  and  to 
ufe  them  after  that  manner,  is  a  means  to  do 
any  thing  with  them  to  fatisl'adlion. 

Of  ihc   Foi.G  IAS,    Olid   Hon  DOS,    aii.l 

QlJAUEE-MoNOl'S. 

'T'HK  Foi^:au  .IS  I  have  laid  betbre,  have  ?«t<f,;^n/; 
*■  a  dependance  on  the  emperor  of  /V/o-o;  'i« 
mil  or  Mdiioc,  as  the  .';J/((/;',;j  depmd  on ''°'S''"' 
them.  This  Monou  emperor  extending  liiii 
emj'ire  over  Ic-veral  neighbouring  countries, 
which  all  piy  homage  and  tributes  to  him 
yearly,  in  fl.ivcs,  iron  bars,  bugle,  cloth. 
Lie,  each  of  which,  in  token  of  his  good- 
will, he  alio  preli-nts  with  ^^lui-^nt  cLths » 
which  the  I'nlgias  again  prelent  to  the  ^^uo- 
jas,  when  they  pay  their  homage  •,  and  the 
^ii.jiii  give  them  again  to  the  kings  of 
Horihn  and  /lomlo,  when  thetc  come  to  make 
their  acknowlu!gmcnts  to  them  ;  all  tiiele 
nations  being  very  free  in  makin;);  pre- 
fents to  oni'  another,  as  has  been  ubfcrv'd 
in  another  place. 

The  I-o(i(t.is  call  the  fubjeds  of  this  cm-Namntf 
peror  Ale'iiJi-Moim,  (that  is,  lords-,)  the"''/'"'""' 
i^iicjiis,  AUiidi- Mc.noiu  (i.e.)  people  of  the 
lonl  \  and  the  B^julin  and  Cilin  call  them  the 
fame,  which  is  done  to  honour  tiicmfelvcs 
the  more,  as  beini>;  his  tributaries:  thoiigii 
eaih  of  thefe  petty  kings  has  an  abfolute 
auiiioiity  in  Iiis  own  diltricts,  and  can  make 
war  or  peace,  without  the  content  or  ap- 
probation of  this  emperor,  or  of  any  o- 
ther  ot  whom  they  hold. 

It  is  wonderful,  that  fuch  a  fmal!  coun- 
try, and  to  thinly  peopled,  as  is  that  of 
Akitni,  ftiould  have  lubducd  to  many  other 
countries,  and  Hill  prd'erve  their  authority 
over  tiiem  all,  and  cfpcci.dly  the  Fot^uis, 
who  are  fo  numerous.  But  it  mull  be  tup- 
poled,  that  the  policy  of  the  Monon,  toge- 
tiiei  with  the  fituation  of  the  otiier  countries 
which  are  ti'parated  from  one  another,  has 
been  as  inftruinentdl  in  that  conquelt,  as 
force  of  arms. 

The  country  of //o;;,.'o  is  V   ided  into  fourHov  -; 
principalities,  Miijill.igh,     .<:do-u;iich,  Dun-"i'-:> 
j^oar",  and  Daiidi  \  tlieCi.  fs  whereof  are 
named  by   tlie  king  of  i^wyrt,  their  lord  : 

each 


I 
11 

'I 


i:^l| 


i  Mm 


:!^  ti'i 


l':;j 


I  (lift 


114 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  IT 


r>.\Rv.ivr.cMcli  li.iving  equal  authority,  and  paying  a 

•"O/*^^  vc.iily   acknowkdgment  to  him,  by  their 

eiuoys,  in  picftnts  ot  brals  kettles,  balons, 

i^i/a  f:!:i  cloths,  red  cloth,  and  fait,  made 

ot  the  lea-water. 

'Ih-  i:^(nbci-Mi.noiis  live  about  the  river 
^■ih-Q.  They  were  formerly  fubdu'd  by 
F.iii/irr,  king  of  the  7-'».^w,  after  an  ob- 
llinate  bloOvly  iii^ht,  ne.ir  the  Srftro;  but 
have  fime  recovtr'd  their  former  indepen- 
dency and  Ibvar^ignty,  and  own  none  but 
Al'inoii  for  their  cnipcror,  and  now  iioitl  ot 
hiiii. 


Munous 


Mtliefcf 


Tclity  cf 

tilt  I'O.- 


Religion. 
"111. V  acknowledge  a  fupreme  being, 
eri.ator  of  the  world,  and  of  all  things 
vilil.'le  and  invifible  ;  but  they  cannot  lorm 
a  goo.i  idia  of  til  at   (ovenign   being:  but 
the  Iil.iiks  of  Hjhlm  and  limuu  make  llrange 
fi.^'.ire'  of  v.. 
Hii  atiri-      'I'lu'y  cdl  ill  It  being  Ca;ou  or  K:iniw,  at- 
ruici.        triliut  ng  to  him  an  iiihnite  power,  univer- 
l.il   knowlei'ge,  and    to  be   preftnt    in    all 
]il.ices,  believing  that  all  good  rs  from  him, 
but  not  that  he  is  eternal  ;  .md  that  anolher 
light,  or  biing,  is   to  come  to  punilli  the 
wicked,  and  reward  the  vertuoui. 
^  lit.-  The   Karou-Momiis,  when  they  podeis'd 

«"J''ift''l.x\\c.  country  about  the  rVers  7«^/:  and  .-Ir- 
v^re.'o,  m  tlie  kingi'om  of  the  F.lj^ias,  paid 
religious  adoration  10  a  Like  or  pool  ihrre, 
on  a  mount.d  ;  ;  and  ullci  to  oii'. r  to  ihat 
I  d<e  .ill  t!ie  liooty  tiiey  took  from  the  l-ll- 
gi.a,  thiir  mortal  entinics,  wnom  tluyhad 
often  defeated,  being  led  by  a  Car/ u  gene- 
ral of  great  renown,  culi'd  S:kwada. 

The /"..^/i;.!  lia\nig  been  often  worlled 
by  the  Kar':i-.'>  0  s,  .ind  confidcring  tluy 
were  nf)t  able  to  wiihtland  fuch  a  wailike 
enemy  by  op  :n  force,  contriv'd  how  to 
deiboy,  or  weakn  them  by  policy.  1  hey 
J.ad  lecourl'e  to  a  forccrer,  or  m.igician,  of 
tiie  country  ;  who  udvis'd  them  10  ( ,ifl  in- 
to the  abo\c  mentioned  lake  of  tht:  K.I rou.<, 
a  quantity  of  fifli  boil'd,  \vi:h  the  fcalcs 
on.  xhc  Karcus  lupeiflitiouily  looking  up- 
on it  as  .'.  great  pollution  to  eat  tilh  that 
was  not  kakd.  Thi^  .idvice  follow'd,  h.id 
its  intenileil  el^eiit ;  for  ihc  Kaiom  being  in- 
t'oim'd  i)t  wliat  had  been  done,  look'd  up- 
on the  lake  as  defiled  and  profaned  ;  and 
thereupon  fill  at  variance  among  tliem- 
iclves,  to  IIkIi  a  degree,  that  a  civil  war 
enfuM  •,  by  which  they  were  fo  we.ikned, 
that  the  lllguis,  who  lay  in  w.iit  to  improve 
all  opportuiiitiis,  att.ickmg  them,  flew  their 
brave  gener.d  A' (-.w;.'/,;  on  the  Ipot,  ,ind  his 
Jon  Fliiinkeri-i  wasoblig'd  to  furrender  him- 
jilf  priloner,  with  the  bill  of  his  fubjects. 
Tiie  FJ;.^:as,  fearing  to  exafper.ite  that  na- 
tion, t!iOu,;hi  fit  to  coni  hide  a  fblid  p  ace 
"w'lh  them  i  which  llicceeded  fo  well,  that 


ried  the  filler  of  the  Karou  prince,  and  re- 
ilor'd  him  to  his  dominions. 

This  flory  fomcwhat  refembles  the  ad- 
vice which iia/.fflw,  the  falfe  prophet,  gave  to 
Balak,  king  of  Moab  ;  which  prov'd  lb  fatal 
to  the  Iffth-'ucs,  as  we  read  Numb.w'iv.  14. 
and  in  Jofepbw,  lib.  4.  chap.  6. 

Thele  people  believe,  that  the  dead  hii-Op'mm 
come  Ipirits,  which  they  call  ''Jannack  or/""''- 
Janancen  ;  that  is,  patrons  or  defenders, 
their  bufincfs  being  to  proteft  and  afTifl 
their  former  relations  and  kindred :  and 
therefore  they  put  luch  queflions  to  their 
dead,  as  I  have  before  obferv'd.  Thus,  if 
a  man  hunting  of  wild  beafls  in  the  woods, 
happens  to  elcape  fbme  imminent  danger,  he 
fays,  he  has  been  lieliver'd  by  the  loul  of 
fuch  of  his  deceas'd  kindled,  as  he  lov'd 
befl  -,  .;nd  as  foon  as  returnM  home,  I'acri- 
fices  at  his  grave  an  heifer,  rice,  and  palm- 
wine,  as  an  acknowledgment  of  his  delive- 
rance, in  the  preltnce  of  the  relations  of 
the  deceafed,  who  dance  and  fing  at  the 
feall. 

'I'hey  believe  thofe  Ipirits,  or  fouls,  re- 
fide  in  the  woot's ;  and  when  any  man  has 
receiv'd  lome  notable  injury,  he  repairs  to 
the  wootls,  and  there  howls  and  cries,  in- 
treating  Cdnon,  and  the  Jananeen,  to  cha- 
Ifife  the  malice  of  fuch  a  perlbn,  naming 
him  by  his  name. 

lie  wlio  finds  himfelf  in  fome  difficulty 
or  danger,  conjures  the  foul  of  his  belt  re- 
lation to  keep  him  out  of  it,  to  fatisfadion. 

Others  confult  them,  and  take  their  ad- 
vice on  future  events ;  as  for  inftance,  whe- 
ther any  EiiiopCiUi  fliip  will  Ibon  come, 
anti  bring  gooels  to  tratfick,  or  the  like. 

In  fliort,  diey  have  all  a  very  great  re- 
fpeft  and  vener.ition  for  the  f'pirits  of  de- 
ceal'ed  perfons,  anti  rely  on  them  as  their 
tutelar  gods.  They  never  drink  water  or 
palm-wine,  wuhout  firll  Ipilling  a  little  ol 
it  fir  the  Jaihiiuen:  and  to  aflert  the  truth 
ot.iny  thing,  they  fwe.ir  by  the  fouls  of  their 
deceafed  ]iarents.  The  kings  themfelves  do 
the  fame  :  and  tlio'  they  feem  to  have  a 
great  veneration  (or  Cmwu,  that  is,  God; 
yet  all  their  religious  worHiip  feems  to  be 
direcled  to  thele  fo'ils,  each  village  having 
a  proper  pkue  appointetl,  in  the  nearell 
wood,  to  invoke  them. 

Thus  the  native  Iiuliaits  of  I'ir^iiiia  be- 
lieve in  many  gods,  whom  they  call  AV;^- 
tijbzcock,  inleriois  to  another,  gre.itand  puil- 
flint,  who  is  from  all  eternity,  whom  they 
call  AVtc'./j.  They  h.ive  temj)les,  wherein 
they  make  olleruigs  to  thole  deities,  fini; 
and  pray  for  the  dead,  and  believe  the  im- 
mortality of  fouls,  fc'i. 

The  Cbiiiffe  hold,  that  all  deceafed  ^\T» 
fons  ire  turned  inio  .iif;  and  tlurcfore,  oU 
their  religious  du[ie$  tcr|iiiiiat<i  u\  tht  r*r 
Siiatgnviionasiieitl, 


Chap 


■'li 


'H 

i           (>' 

m 

1                        tiK 

'■a 

J                  wo 

:| 

2                   Jiev 

ner 

in 

ftan 

lou 

J 

I 

■:? 

chil 

ther 

4 

in  far 

atel\ 

Cirrum-           A 

i> 

'•i""-       dren 

'4 

it  is 

.'  i 

pra(5> 

k 

Yet 

not 

they 

bear 

and  fa 

with  I 

to  th( 

He 

much 

groes  0 

:ieJ}ro, 

which, 

proper 

thelefs 

lous  ;  ( 

large. 

Sew  meon       Tho 

/ 

mmr;i.   ferved  1 

remark 

in  the  v 

If  a  in  fn 

allow  a 

at  that 

that  if  1 

and  ric( 

new  mo< 

prefs  it ; 

all  a  hui 

The 

Coign,  ( 

'noon. 

Pc:: 

■  fo-        I'he 

uv, 

near  as  i 

ly  a  fch 

twenty  ( 

the  king 

for    trair 

to  dance 

and  to  fir 

they  call 

Belh  ;  wl 

repetition 

panied   w 

motions 

»hen  ilul) 

Uiat  fchof' 

Vol,,  \ 

M 


Chap.  6. 


Coajis  O^SOUTH-GuiNEA. 


■^inia  be- 
I  all  A't'^'- 
laiul  I'uil- 
Joni  ilK'y 
wlicriin 
■tics,  fiiu; 
Ic  the  iiii- 

\.\Wd  i^i.r* 
;  tore.  Op 
^^   tl>(i  f-'t 


rirrion- 
(tion. 


Siv  mion 
imeiir'il. 


Rt"y  /»- 
till). 


Th-jfj  Blarks,  at  three  fevfr.il  times  of 
the  yf-ir,  iMrry  abundance  of  [irovifions  for 
thj  iubfilt.ina-  of  the  'Jmaneeiu  into  the 
woods  and  forclls,  wliere  they  firmly  be- 
lieve thofe  Ipirits  rtfuie,  in  a  peculiar  man- 
ner. And  thither  afflifted  perfons  repair 
in  their  extremity,  to  implore  the  alTi- 
ftance  of  Ca>ioii,  and  the  janaiieei!,  with 
loud  cries. 

It  is  a  facrilege  for  women,  maids,  or 
cliildren,  to  enter  thofe  facred  woods  ;  and 
therefore  are  they  made  believe,  from  their 
infancy,  that  the  'Jananeen  would  immedi- 
ately kill  them. 

All  tiiefe  nations  circumcife  their  chil- 
dren at  the  age  of  fix  months,  and  believe 
it  is  appointed  by  God,  faying  it  has  been 
praftifed  time  out  of  mind  among  them. 
Yet  fomc  mothers,  through  fondncfs,  will 
not  let  their  children  be  circumcifed  till 
they  are  three  years  old,  that  they  may 
bear  the  painful  operation  with  greater  eafe 
and  fafety  to  them.  They  heal  the  wound 
Willi  the  juice  of  certain  herbs,  beft  known 
to  them. 

Here  are  two  other  ftrange  ceremonies 
much  regarded  and  obferved  by  all  the  A'i?- 
fvoes  of  Hondo,  Maiwu,  Folgias,  Galas,  Gehbe, 
Seftro,  Boulin-Cilm,  and  even  in  Sierra  Leona  ; 
which,  though  very  different  from  what  is 
properly  call'd  the  circumcifion,  are  never- 
thelefs  both  of  them  very  painful  and  ridicu- 
lous •,  of  both  which,  I  (hall  foon  fpeak  at 
large. 

Though  the  Blacks  have  not  been  yet  ob- 
ferved to  adore  the  llm  or  the  moon,  yet  'tis 
remarkable,  that  at  every  new  moon,  both 
in  the  villages  and  open  country,  they  ab- 
ftain  from  all  manner  of  work,  and  do  not 
allow  any  ftrangers  to  ftay  amongit  them 
at  that  time  ;  allcdging,  for  their  rcafon, 
that  if  they  fliould  do  otherwif.-,  their  maiz 
and  rice  would  grow  red,  tiie  day  of  the 
new  moon  being  a  day  ol  blood,  as  they  ex- 
prcfs  it ;  and  therefore  they  commonly  go 
all  a  hunting  that  day. 

The  lower  Ethiopians  in  Aii^^os,  and  near 
Congo,  pay  the  like  veneration  to  the  new 
moon. 

The  fcllowlliip  or  feft  of  the  Be'.:y,  as 
near  as  it  can  be  well  dcfcribed,  is  proper- 
ly a  i'chool,  or  college,  cftablilhM  every 
twenty  or  twenty-five  years,  by  order  ol 
the  king,  who  is  the  chief  or  head  of  it, 
for  training  up  young  men  and  boys 
to  dance,  to  fl<irmini,  to  plant,  to  filh, 
and  to  fing  often,  in  a  noily  manner,  what 
they  c.ill  tlie  Bdh-Dong,  the  prailes  of  the 
BelU'  1  which  r.re  no  other  but  a  contuj'd 
repetition  of  leud  filthy  exprtlTions,  accom- 
panied with  many  immodcll  gefhires  and 
irotions  of  the  body :  all  which  things, 
*'hen  iluly  piform'd,  entitle  the  fellows  of 
tliat  fchool,  to  die  name  of  tljt  marked  of 
¥ofc.y. 


12^ 

xhtBetr,  a'^d  renders  them  capibl-  of  all  i^ARnor; 
forrs  of  oflic.'s  and  eniploym.  nts  about  the  ^^'V'x-' 
king  ;  an.l  of  enjoying  certain  prerogatives 
of  the  country,    from  which   the   .^;^r/<f/, 
idiots,  that  is,  f'u  :h  as  n?ver  were  educated 
after  that  manner,  are  wholly  excluded. 

The  king  having  order'd  proper  baracks, 
or  huts,  to  be  built  together,  in  a  fpace 
of  ground  mark'd  out,  eight  or  nine  miles 
in  circumference,  in  the  midft  of  a  large 
wood,  or  forcd,  where  palm-trees  thrive 
well,  and  the  ground  being  fitted  tor  plant- 
ing of  eatables,  to  fubfilt  the  fehoLu's ;  and 
all  fiich  Dldiks  as  defire  to  prefer  their  fons, 
being  ready  to  fend  them  to  it :  proclama- 
tion is  madefor  all  of  the  female  fex,  great 
or  fmall,  not  to  approach  the  facred  wood, 
much  lefs  to  enter  it,  during  the  conti- 
nuance of  the  fchool,  which  fbmetimes  is 
four,  and  other  times  five  years,  for  fear 
of  polluting  ii  ;  Icfl  they  incur  the  wrath 
of  the  Belly,  who,  they  are  made  to  be- 
liev"  from  their  infancy,  would  kill  fuch 
as  fhould  jirelume  to  trantgrcfs. 

The  Sn\^got:oes  or  elders  marked  of  the 
Billy  feft,  whom  the  king  has  appointed  to 
rule  the  fchool,  having  taken  their  places, 
proclaim  the  laws  of  it  to  the  fellows,  for- 
bidding them  to  fi:ir  out  of  the  limits  there- 
of, or  converfe  with  any  perfon  but  fuch  as 
has  been  marked  of  the  fit'//y :  and  then 
they  prepare  every  one  of  their  fcholars  to 
receive  that  mark,  which  is  done  by  cutting 
certain  firings  which  run  from  the  neck  to 
the  flioulder-bone  ;  a  painful  operation,  but 
cured  in  a  few  day?,  by  proper  vulnerary 
fimples ;  the  fears  whereof,  when  cured, 
look  at  firft  fight  like  nails  imprinted  in  the 
flelh :  and  then  a  new  name  is  given  to  every 
one,  to  denote  a  new  birth. 

Being  '.\\\.v,  prepared  and  fitted,  and  (tark 
naketl  all  the  wliile  they  live  there,  the  Sog- 
f^ovocs  daily  teach  them  the  feveral  things 
above  mcntion'd,  till  the  four  or  five  years 
of  their  continuanc;"  at  feliool  aie  near  Ipenf, 
during  which,  they  are  f'ubfifted  by  the  Sog- 
gonoes,  and  by  their  parents,  who  fend  them, 
from  time  to  time,  rice,  bananas,  and  other 
eatables. 

The  day  being  appointed  for  breaking  up, 
thev  are  removed  to  other  lodgings,  erec- 
ted on  purpolb  at  Ibme  miles  dilVance  from 
the  tormei' ;  where  they  are  vifited  ay  their 
relations,  men  or  women  indifFer  ntly,  and 
by  them  taught  to  walh  their  jodies,  ta 
anoint  them  with  p.ilni-oil,  anci  to  behave 
themfelves  handlbmely  among  people:  fof 
by  realbn  of  their  long  confiuL-:  lent  in  fuclj 
n  retired  place,  they  know  little  or  nothing 
of  the  behaviour  of  other  people,  but  ra« 
th?r  look  like  lb  many  favages. 

After  fome  few  days  fpent  fn  this  man* 
iier,  the  parents  drels  and  adorn  them  with 
clouts  atthirir  v^tfiff  t  firings  of  bugle  at  tlkC 


.  I 


*.;!i 


.X 


mt 


iz6 


A  Defcriptian  of  the 


Boo^H    |CHAP.d 


ii|Pl;'l 


% 


ni 


BcHy, 
vhit  it  is 


BARROT.neck,  intermixt  ^ith  leopards  teeth  at  dif- 
Ky^/\J  tances ;  the  legs  loaded  with  brafs  bells  and 
bral's  rings ;  a  deep  ofier  cap  on  the  head, 
which  almoft  blinds  them  i  and  the  body 
accoutred  with  abundance  of  feathers  of  fc- 
veral  colours.  And  in  this  equipage,  they 
are  conduced  to  the  publick  place  in  the 
king's  town,  and  there  in  the  prefence  of 
a  multitude  of  people,  efpecially  of  women 
gather'd  from  all  parts  of  the  country,  the 
fellows  pull  off  their  caps,  and  let  thei-  h^.i'- 
loofe,  one  after  another,  fliewing  what  im- 
provement they  have  made  in  dancing  the 
Belly:  and  if  any  one  happens  to  be  out, 
he  is  mock'd  by  the  women,  who  cry  out, 
He  b<u  finit  bis  lime  in  eatingof  rice. 

When  the  dancing  is  over,  the  Soggoiwes 
call  every  fellow  in  his  turn,  by  tiie  name 
that  was  given  him  at  his  admilTion  into  the 
Iciiooi,  and  prefcnt  him  to  his  father,  mo- 
tlier,  or  relations. 

To  lay  Ibmethingof  thefif//)'ii.feif,  it  is 
a  thing  made  by  the  Beliy-Mo  or  chief  prielt, 
by  the  order  of  the  king,  of  a  matter  kneail- 
ed  or  wrought  like  dough,  fometimes  of  one 
figure,  and  fometimes  of  another,  as  is 
judg'd  convenient,  according  to  occurrences  •, 
which  he  afterwards  bakes,  and,  as  I  fup- 
pofe,  it  is  eaten.  A  politick  invention  of 
the  king  and  priefls,  to  keep  the  people  in 
greater  fubjeftion,  by  the  many  dreadful 
punifhments  they  induftrioufly  give  oui  it 
can  inflicl  on  men,  with  the  king's  confcnt, 
without  wliich,  it  can  have  no  force.  It 
cannot  be  imagined  what  imprefTjon  this 
makes  on  tiie  peo[ileof  all  thele  countries, 
every  one  accounting  it  ficrcd  and  venerable. 
Iwcn  the  very  kings  and  priefls  theinfelvcs, 
tho'  tiiey  know  well  what  liiis  Belly  is 
made  of,  and  tor  what  end  -,  yet,  by  the 
prevailin[;  force  of  fupcrllition  and  ancient 
practice,  trom  one  generation  to  another, 
arc  fo  far  deluded,  as  well  as  the  generality 
oftiie  people,  tliat  the  king  values  himfelf 
much  upon  being  tiie  head  ot  that  brotlicr- 
hootl  or  fccl. 

The  other  feilowlhip  of  the  Neffn^i^, 
concerns  the  female  fex,  and  diilinguilhes 
fjch  as  protefs  it,  from  other  women  who  tio 
not-,  as  that  of  the  Belly  docs  its  followers 
among  other  men  that  are  not  of  the  lame 
llainp. 

This  kllowdiip  of  women  was  at  firft  in- 
vented in  the  country  of  Goulla,  and  thence 
followed  and  praL^tifed  by  .ill  the  other  na- 
tions.    It  is  perlurm'd  in  this  manner. 

At  .1  certain  time  appointed  by  the  king, 
a  number  of  huts  or  cabins  is  built  in  the 
inidll  of  a  wood,  to  receive  .ill  fuch  maidens 
or  women,  as  are  willing  to  be  ot  the  fo- 
fitiy  ;  whob'ing  all  gatjur'd  together,  at; 
the  plau-  pn-pat'  il,  the  ■'"'Xg-fi'it:yo\'  (Joului, 
t!ii*nnJciit',  It  u<>in,ni()t  tin-  priifefTion,   who 

ii  fwiiClof  ?'^  \\iii  l»ai2»  bciii^  waiii  tl.,wa 


fliilU'ihif 


to  rule  and  govern  the  fcliool,  begins  to  exe- 
cute her  office,  by  a  treat  the  old  mar 
tron  gives  to  her  new  difciples,  tall'ii 
amongft  them  Sumly-LiUee,  the  alliance  or 
confederacy  of  the  hen,  (of  v/hich,  more 
hereafter)  exhorting  them  to  be  eafy  and 
pleas'd  in  their  confinement  of  four  monilis, 
which  is  the  ufual  time  it  lalts.  Then  the 
fh.aves  their  heads,  orders  every  one  to  Ibriu 
herfelfof  her  clothes,  and  having  c.riied 
them  all  to  a  proper  brook  in  the  holy 
wood,  waflies  them  all  over,  and  cinum 
cifes  everyone  in  the  private  parts  -,  a  very (;;.„,, 
paintul  operation,  yet  cured  by  her  iu  twelve  .v;  cj  i. 
days, by  means  of  proper  herbs.  After  which,  "■■ 
file  teaches  them  all  daily  the  dances  of 
the  country,  and  to  recite  the  verfes  oi  San- 
dy ;  which  is  a  perpetual  chanting  of  abun- 
dance of  leud,  loofe  exprellions,  accompa- 
nied with  many  indecent  ridiculous  gelluirs 
and  motions  of  the  body,  all  naked,  as  they 
are  conllantly  during  the  four  months  of 
their  tchooling.  And  if  they  be  vifited, 
during  that  time,  by  any  other  women  or 
maidens  from  abroad,  the  vifitersare  not  to 
be  admitted  to  thefcholars,  unlefsthey  alio 
be  llark-n.iked,  leaving  their  clothes  in  a 
proper  place  of  the  wood. 

The  time  being  come  to  break  up  fchool, 
the  parents  fend  thci'cholarsred  rufh-clouts, 
buglc-ltrings,  brafs-bella,  and  large  brats 
rings  for  the  legs,  to  drels  and  adorn  them- 
felves.  And  thus,  the  old  matron  .%_(^- A/'/Z/y, 
being  at  the  head  of  them,  they  are  con- 
dudcd  to  the  village,  whither  a  croud  of 
jKoiJle  refort  trotn  all  parts  to  fee  them. 
'J'here  the  S-j  g-fViily  being  let  down,  thete 
Sanit)-Simc(i:tiiic,  dauglueis  of  the  SaniU, 
tor  to  thelc  tcholars  are  cail'tl,  dance,  one 
after  .uiothi.r,  to  the  beat  uf  a  little  drum  ; 
and  the  ilancing  being  over,  tliey  are  di!'- 
milVd,  each  to  her  own  (]'.iaiiers. 

P  IJ  N  I  S  »  M  E  N  T  S  c/  M  A  L  n  1  A  C  T  O  R  S. 

A  Woman  .acculed  of  adidt'iy,  is  to  take  .^.'u.'/rM 
■^  the  oath  on  i\u-  Be:h  Pn.no,  wliich  is'«*f«' 
in  fubflanre,  that  the  wilhc,  rnd  (onleiit: "'-"''' 
the  Ipirit  may  m.ike  her  away,  il'  llie  is  guilty 
of  that  crime  ;  if  atterw.irds  convii.ted  of 
perjury,  flic  is  in  the  evening  carried  to  tliii 
(niblick  market-place  of  the  village  liy  her 
own  hufb.uKl,  where  the  council  is  iiitin^^. 
They  firlt  invoke  the  Jaium  en  \  rliiii  ihty 
cover  her  eyes,  that  ihe  nay  no:  fee  the 
tpirits  that  are  to  carry  her  awiy  ;  alter 
which,  follows  a  very  (evere  reprimand  on 
her  dil'orderly  life,  witii  dreadlul  threat:;,  il" 
fhe  do.  s  not  amend  it :  and  to  flie  is  di'- 
charg'd  by  the  jiinaneou  alter  a  coiduled 
nolle  of  voices  heard,  exiircfTini!,,  th.it  tho* 
inch  crimes  ought  to  b-  ])unilh'd,  yit  fiiice 
it  ii  tin-  111  II  oliencc,  it  is  torgiven,  upun  h.  r 
ol)lcrvii\g  loinr  la'ls,  and  m  u-riting  lirrleifj 
il  b'.in^exyttUiJ,  lh.it  thoiki  wiiOurt;  tor,",i'.  ir» 

ilkOUlJ 


I 
I 


Ihou 

boy^ 

not  1 

If  af 

again 

fome 

occaf 

certai 

morn 

away 

when 

three 

noife, 

of  Be. 

warni 

fo  m 

v.ar.ec 

conve 

wood 

fhe  is 

tiincy 

wome 

put  tc 

Belh; 

v>tfi.       it 

mirdtr,  or  q^    .^^ 

m.htJ.  or  tha 
a  con 
priell, 
which 
guilty 
v/ill  pi 
manne 

Soir 
to  drii 
poled  ( 
and  .':> 
fedt  pt 
mit  it  1 
foam  a 
him  gu 

I  cai 
vatKin. 
ceptabi 
here  to 
be  der 
water. 
Numb. 
compo 
pool  th 
into  wl 
of  the  I 
pofitio! 
from  tl 
accufed 
of  lieav 
lernefs 

It  IS 

add  lo 
bitter  d 
it,  onb 
t|uor  tl 

a«  the  i 


Triali  iy 
j'-iiiking. 


Boox U   Bchap.^.  Coafts  of  Sou t h-G u i n e  a. 


127 


s  to  cxo- 
qM  inar 
,  ciiliM 
ILince  or 
h,  more 
L-afy  iinil 
montlis, 
riien  Ihe 
c  to  (blip 
;  carried 
liic  holy 
circ  um  - 
.i  ^very^,.,„„^^ 

HI  twelve;.;  J  cyi, 

.■rwliicli,  '■'••■'■ 
lanct'.s  ot 
:s  ol  S(i>!- 
of  abim- 
iccomp.i- 
i  gellurr s 
,  as  tlity 
loiiths  of" 
;  vifited, 
/omen  or 
re  not  to 
thty  alfo 
thcs  in  a 

ip  fchool, 
[h-ciouts, 
rge  brals 
irn  iliem- 

•  arc  con- 
croud  of 
ce  them. 
n,  thele 

mcc,  one 
lirum  ; 
arc  dii- 


r  o  lis. 

to  t.ik';  A.'uUm 

liiLh  i-, ;■•"*;"' 

lOllli-'Ilt;'-"  " 

is  guilty 

•ictfd    of 

•d  to  tin; 
;e  by  Ikt 

fiitin^^. 
Urn  ilicy 

fee  tht; 

;  afttT 
r..ii,;!  (.11 

Vf.l'.S,     if 

ic  IS  dji- 
lor.lull'i! 
that  tiio* 
L  t  fiike 
m  on  li.f 
■iliuiafj 
to!!'.i'.  1  ;■> 


!:  r!,tfi. 


fhould  live  fo  chpfte,  as  not  to  admit  any 
boys,  tho'  ever  fo  young,  into  their  arms, 
nor  fo  much  as  to  touch  any  man's  clothes. 
If  after  this,  flic  happens  to  relapfe,  and  is 
again  duly  convifted,  the  Belly-AIo,  or 
fome  of  the  Suggonoes,  accompanied  on  fuch 
occafions  by  perfons  making  a  noife,  with  a 
certain  tool  like  a  fcraper,  come  in  the 
morning  to  the  criminal's  houfe,  rake  her 
away  into  the  publick  place  of  the  town, 
where  after  having  obliged  her  to  walk 
three  turns  about  it,  Hill  making  a  great 
noife,  that  all  who  are  of  the  brotherhood 
of  BeHy,  may  fee  what  is  doing,  and  take 
warning  ;  fuch  as  are  not  of  it,  not  daring 
fo  much  as  to  look  out,  for  fear  the  Ja- 
vanecn  would  carry  'em  away :  they 
convey  the  adulterous  woman  to  the  lioly 
wood  of  Belly  ;  and  from  that  time  forward 
(he  is  never  heard  of  any  more.  The  Blacks 
fancy  the  fpirits  of  the  woods  carry  fucii 
women  away  ;  but  it  is  likely  they  arc  there 
put  to  death,  to  appeafe  the  indignation  of 
Belly,  according  to  their  notion. 
If  a  man  is  ciiarged  with  thett,  murder. 


m.hiJ. 


riKrJ".  or  Qj.  pi-rjiiiy^  .^nd  ti,e  evidence  is  not  clear 
enough,  or  that  he  is  only  fufpcfted  ot  this 
or  that  crime,  he  is  to  take  the  trial  of  Belly  ; 
a  compofuion  made  by  the  Belly-Mo,  or 
priell,  with  the  bark  of  a  tree  and  herbs, 
which  is  laid  on  tiie  perfon's  hand.  If  he  is 
guilty  ot  •..;  indiftment,  the  Blacks  fay  it 
v/ill  prefci  .  y  burn  the  (kin  -,  but  will  do  no 
manner  ot  damage,  if  innocent. 
TriaU  iy  Sometimes  the  Belly  Mo  caufes  a  pcrfon 
i'liikmg.  to  drink  a  large  draught  of  liquor,  com- 
pofed  of  two  i'ortsofathick  b.irkof  theAV.Vt- 
and  .'^l'."/;/)' trees,  which  they  reckon  a  per- 
fect poifon.  If  he  be  innocent,  he  will  vo- 
mit it  up  immediately  ;  but  if  guilty,  'twill 
foam  about  his  mouth,  and  thereby  prove 
liim  guilty,   and  punifliable  with  lieath. 

I  cannot  here  forbear  making  this  obfer- 
vation,  wliich  in  iny  opinion  may  be  ac- 
ceptable ;  and  is,  that  this  drink  adminiltre'.! 
here  to  women,  lul'pedfed  ot  adultery,  may 
be  derived  and  ufed,  in  imitation  of  the 
water,  calLrd  by  the  Javs,  of  Jtilonfx, 
Numb.  5.  17.  and  there  named //o/v-c;.-.;.vr, 
tompofeii  of  half  a  log  of  the  water  of  rhe 
pool  that  Itooi!  in  the  porch  of  the  temple, 
into  which  the  priells  did  put  of  the  dult 
of  the  floor  of  the  tabernacle  ;  which  com- 
pofition  was  named  tlie  hitler  water,  perhaps 
from  the  elledt  it  had  on  the  belly  of  the 
accuicd  woman,  by  a  particular  difiienfation 
of  he.u'eii  ;  tor  otheiwife  there  was  no  bit- 
tcrnels  naturally  in  it. 

It  IS  indeed  reported,  tliat  the  priefls  did 
add  to  It  wormwooil,  or  gall,  orlomckkli 
bluer  duig  ■,  but  the  law  doth  not  nieiur.in 
it,  only  that  they  iMonounced  on  that  li- 
(|i.ior  fc  rrible  inaledittions  anti  ini,-:ecationi 
%i  (he  la\y  nKntiunt. 


If  the  woman  was  re.illy  guilty,  tiu;  7^"i'J  Barrot. 
fiy,  her  face  turn'd  yellow  anil  pale,  her  ''•^V*^ 
eyes  look'd  dead,  and  then  fhe  was  carried 
out  of  the  porch  of  the  women  ;  her  btlly 
fwelled,  her  thighs  fell,  and  flie  expired, 
and  at  the  ftme  moment  her  paramour 
died. 

If  flie  was  innocent,  her  face  appear'd 
very  ferene,  her  eyes  bright  5  and  if  troubled 
with  any  natural  illnels,  (lie  was  prefently 
cured  of  it.  It  alio  made  her  capable  of 
conception,  and  if  before  (lie  brought  forth 
her  children  with  very  great  pain  and  hard 
labour;  after  this  trial,  flie  was  always  de- 
liver'il  very  eafily  ;  in  fine,  if  before  flie 
hail  had  only  giiis,  after  this  flie  was  furc; 
to  have  bov  s. 

If  her  belly  did  not  fwcll,  and  flic  did 
not  die  on  the  fpot,  her  husband  was  ob- 
liged to  take  her  again,  and  the  fpirit  of 
jealoufy  which  before  was  come  upon  him, 
was  to  retire.  iOU.  ver.  14. 

Thefe  Gentiles  may  have  deriv'd  f'roiii  the 
Jcwi/l  law,  this  fo't  of  trial  of  innoecnee 
or  guilt  in  women  lulpcded  of  adultery  •, 
but  have  altcr'd  the  compofuion  thereof,  as 
before  recited. 

They  ufually  execute  criminals  thus  con- 
victed in  fome  remote  by-place,  or  in  a 
wood  at  a  great  diftance  from  their  village  i 
there  the  criminal  kneels  down,  holding  his 
head,  bowing  towards  the  ground.  In  this 
pofture,theexecutioner  thrufls  hisbody  thro' 
with  a  linall  javelin,  which  being  fallen  on 
the  ground,  he  cuts  the  head  oli'  with  an 
ax  or  knife,  and  quarters  it,  delivering  tlie 
quarters  to  he  wives  of  the  perfons  executed, 
who  commonly  aflift  liim  at  the  execution; 
and  they  are  to  catt:  them  on  fome  dunghills 
ai.out  the  country,  to  be  devour'd  by  wild 
beafts,  or  ra\'cno',!s  birds.  The  criminal'* 
friends  boil  his  head,  and  drink  the  broth, 
nailing  up  the  jaws  in  their  hoale  of  wor- 
fhip. 

It  is  the  cufloni  in  thefe  countries,  when 
any  of  the  princes,  efpjcially  in  I\l^Ja,  have 
concluded  ai.  allianee  with  tome  neighbour- 
ing poientace,  as  aliii  amnngll  jirivatc  per- 
fons, to  caule  lomepullei.i  to  beiirefs'd  and 
cat  them  together ;  after  eacli  treating  party 
has  been  mark'd  with  fbme  drops  of  tha 
blood  of  thole  lacred  animals.  Tlayallb 
ciretully  prelerve  the  bones  of  them  ;  be- 
caule,  if  one  of  the  parties  is  wilhii,':;  cot 
break  the  treaty,  thofe  bones  are  piodii- 
ced  for  him  to  fliew  caule  /or  the  breach 
thereof 

The  mark  of  fubmiflion  licit  Is  to  r^^' Ail' ah- 
pear  before  a  greater  perfon,  with  a  I. at  <?n  •'"  Aw 
the  head  ;  and  fo  the  /  .-.j,  at*i«r  b- ing  luU- "'*■''' 
tlueil  by  the  K.^uj,  appc-irCii  tictere  ihtir 
king  luontkini, 

or 


\ili 


■''I 


'T-  ;■ 


i;4-'!'' 


P. 


rt      :. 


•■'■     m^ 


ipiif 


128 

lUunciT. 


^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  II 


ttnd- 
mark). 


Trfdt 
here. 


td.ern:r. 


Of  R\0   S  E  S  T  R  o,  cs?c. 
■r»OR   the   better  Hnding   of   Rio  Seftro, 
•*•     I  think  it  may  not  be  amifs  to  add  this 
inftruftion. 

1.  It  may  be  eafily  known  coming  from 
weft,  by  two  large  rocks  appearing  above- 
water,  about  a  league  to  the  north- weft  ot 
that  river,  diftant  about  half  a  league  from 
thefhoal. 

2.  Another  mark  is,  two  hills  or  little 
mountains  feen  at  a  good  diftance  up  the 
country,  o.ie  of  them  much  bigger  than  the 
other,  and  appears  like  w  half  globe  right 
againll  the  river's  mouth  ;  as  alio  by  a  ridge 
ot  tl-veral  fmall  rocks  and  clifts,  appearing 
above  water  10  the  Ibuthward  of  the  point 
of  the  cape,  cali'd  Vabo  ihis  Buixas,  and 
running  out  above  a  league  into  the  fca  ; 
one  of  them  iscail'dby  the  Portuguefe,  llha 
da  Ptiltna,  the  others  Ilhas  Brancas. 

Rij  Sedro  is  a  place  ot  trade  for  elepliants 
teeth,  rice,  and  6"tt;«M-pepper,  and  very 
convenient  for  wooding  and  watering,  and 
confe(iuently  much  frequented  by  all  Euro- 
peiKi  nations  that  eveiy  yeui  p;'fs  by,  bound 
to  the  gold  coall,  Ardra,  and  th"  Bight  or 
gulf  of  Guinea.  The  Nf^roes  oi'StJlro  com- 
monly come  out  of  the  river  in  lanoes  to 
meet  the  (bips  they  fpy  to  the  weftwnrd, 
to  fliow  them  the  roads,  or  bring  them  into 
the  river. 

The  'jeft  place  for  great  (hips  to  anchor, 
is  in  fix  or  feven  fathoms  ouzy  ground, 
fomewhat  above  half  a  league  from  the 
bai'  of  the  river,  where  there  is  good  hoUl, 
if  the  fliip  be  well  moorM  ■,  and  'tis  much 
L'afier  for  the  crew  to  carry  water  and  wood. 
Whereas  anchoring,  as  moll  eio,  in  eight  or 
nine  fathom,  about  a  league  from  (hore,  is 
vry  toilfome  and  lin/ariious,  th.-  ground 
being  there  all  rocky  and  hard  '"'"d  ;  the 
anchors  have  no  hold,  and  .'.  e  loli.  very 
often,  in  few  u..ys,  by  the  continu.'  mo- 
tions of  the  waves,  are  either  -^uite  cut  in 
the  rocky  grounds,  or  at  leaft  much  worn 
and  fiiatter'ii,  unlefs  the  anchors  be  removed 
alinoft  every  il.iy  -,  which  is  a  very  great  fa- 
tigue, and  many  anchors  have  been  broke 
in  working  of  them  up. 

Thi-  river,  at  its  inouth,  bulges  out  a  lit- 
tle to  the  fouth-weft,  and  has  a  bar  quite 
ftthwart  the  entrance  of  clifts  and  rocks, 
fbnu-  tew  above  water,  others  fix  or  cigiit 
fiiot  under  it  at  low  water,  which  in  their 
intervals  leave  a  way  for  (loops  and  brigan- 
tliies  to  pal's  thro'  without  any  hazard  % 
J)ut  tlie  (urges  of  the  lea  ;-re  great,  antl  lome* 
what  dan^ierou:)  in  the  winter  I'ealon.  When 
«nce  got  in,  you  arc  to  range  the  greatell 
^ocl:  as  near  as  iiolTible,  and  (her  or  row 
tJirictl^  totl.  ■  be.wh,  on  your  larhoaitl-fide, 
\\]K-r:-  til,'  '  1  .1^7-'  It. '.11  is,  tukin;^  heed  o/'two 

iCmll  c!iir*Uut  are  io  tlm  \-^^i  iu4vw'J 


the  which,  ■-••  mav  0-err !".  r  ".  while  fome- 
what toward..      "  '^^arooanj 

The  village  al  ovf-'aei.cion'd  is  within 
the  river,  clufc  to  the  'r.;a'"he'-,  -  .mtaining 
fifty  or  lixty  ho'i-lis  iicaclv  bu,'i>  on  tim- 
ber, raifv-d  t'.vo  or  liiret  (>  01  tVom  "he  ground  •, 
each  houfe  being  commonly  of  two  or  three  ^""/««-' 
fmall  low  ftories,  and  therefore  Ibmewhat"  '' 
lofty,  and  confequently  eafily  feen  out  at 
fea  over  the  point  •,  and  the  trees  that  fur- 
round  it  on  the  land  fide,  are  moftly  Ba- 
vaiia  and  Mani^ueite  trees,  intcmix'd  at 
diftances  with  palms,  which  afford  a  pretty 
prol'jieft,  and  fhelter  the  to-..'r.  from  the 
high  fouthweft  breezes  at  fca.  The  profpedl 
from  the  village  on  the  river  is  alfo  very 
plealant,  the  river  being  large,  and  the 
banks  cover'd  with  lofty  fine  trees,  and 
(ome  low  ones  without  difcontinuation. 

The  accefs  to  the  beach  and  the  landing, 
are  very  convenient  for  boats  and  pinnaces. 
There  is  a  large  houle  in  the  village,  for  the 
reccpLionof  (bangers,  v/IiiUier  the  captain 
of  the  Bl(uh,onc  facob,  urid  his  attendants, 
commonly  conduct,  and  there  make  them 
welcome  with  palm-wine,  and  luch  other 
things  as  the  country  affords.  It  is  like  all 
the  common  houfes  railed  upon  timber,  anti 
there  is  a  fmall  ladder  ro  get  up  into  it. 
There  ftrangers  difcoDf'c  the  Blci^ks  about 
the  occafion  that  bringi  f  ^letn  ;  but  noL^iing 
is  concluded  before  the  king  of  thecourtry 
is  inform'd  :  and  to  this  elfeft,  they  are 
carried  by  water  to  his  village,  whicii  is 
feated  about  a  league  up  a  rivulet,  ntar 
the  mouth  of  the  Sejlrc. 

The  Author   vijits    the  King. 
"T"  H  E  firft  time  I  vifited  this  king,   Sc.r-2^'%i 
■^     Itvii  or  Pelir,  tor  'ti',  cuftomary  v/ith       .S' 
the  Blacks  of  note  on  this  coaft  to  take  an 
European  name  ;    I  went  up  in  my  |)innace, 
attendetl  by  captain /a^o/',   thepiiell,    and 
two  other  Btaiks  of  the  village  below  the 
river  :     (bme  of  the  king's  canoes  which 
were  lent  down  to  fliew  me  the  way,    and 
paddktl  by  his  own  Ions,  going  before. 

I  was  received  at  l.uiding,  by  (bme  of  the 
king's  officers,  who  conduced  me  to  a 
pretty  luge  hall-rouml  building,  cover'd 
fomewhat  loftily,  in  torm  of  a  fugar-loat, 
and  .ibout  fix  lathom  in  compafs,  ftandin^7; 
lome  few  |xices  (rom  the  enclol'iire  of  his 
vill.igc,  and  railed  on  timber,  being  in  the 
nature  of  a  common  hall  to  receive  (han- 
gers, and  deliberate  on  the  afiairs  of  ih." 
country,  ami  U  by  them  call'd  the  houle 
of*  thd  Khite ;  getting  up  into  it  by 
nv.ans  of  a  fmall  ladder.  I  found  king /;;,,/,/,, 
Biiau.',  an  elckrly  man,  with  filver  hair, 
lilting  on  his  heels  on  a  fine  m.it,  as  the 
Buhts  ulually  do,  clad  in  a  white  cotton 
^M'.iii'r:  Irotk,  imbroiiier'd  here  ami  tlicrc 
witli  (ome  comical  figures  of  woiftcd  oldi- 

vers 


dokII 


•V'l,  M  r\ 


He- 

thin 
ling 
tim- 
ind  •, 

;hrcc  «"'/'•" 
^hat^'"' 
It  at 
fur- 

d  at 
retty 
1  the 
ifpetl 
very 
1  the 
and 

iding, 
naces. 
or  the 
iptain 
dants, 

them 

other 
ike  all 
r,  and 
nto  it, 

about 
lOt'iing 
our  try 
ley  are 
/hici>  is 
mar 


NO. 

ake  an 
linnace, 
and 
,w  the 
wiuch 
,  and 
re. 
: of  the 

to  a 
[:overM 
ir-loaf, 
[andinn; 

of  his 

in  thr 

llran- 
lof  dv 

houli; 

It  by 
[1  king,ii,.;r/<, 
|r  ha:r, 

as  the 
Itotion 
ll  there 

of  di- 
vert 


v;,.; 


:'€ 


u 


}^i/ 


'!i|:M:ii 


I'l ' 


•  '   III 


■<    ;1 


%mif 


!im\U. 


i 


,1'^lU'w. 


iil 


;r 


!;  !■! 


i" ':  I 


i*;' 


->  -^s^^\^ 


4i 


ii  '.  It,:. 


i^m 


IP 

" 

1  '■ 

i 

i 

1 

V  'il 


1V 


itl 


;l 


,11 


■r-'f, 


ChAP.6.  Coafls  of  SOUTH-GUINKA. 


129 


verscoloiir%  lioliling  :i  very  lonj^  pipe  to  Hi's 
mmuli,  till'  liowl  tiul  rclUnji;  on  the  floor. 
He  li;ui  cr.  hi ;  licail  a  long  ofiiT  cap,  like  .1 
M'ltic,  bi^^lc't  with  a{c:wu,o.iis-h()rns  porcu- 
pines t.uls,  an(iC/V/;N7j ;  anc' about  ii  is  nee  it 
a  Itriiii;  or  nc(islac<'  of  knotted  ruflies,  to 
wiiicii  hung  two  kids  horns,  as  low  as  the  Ho- 
inacii ;  iiis  liair  twiftetl  in  parcels  like  fmajl 
horns,  here  and  there  1  and  attended  by  twenty 
or  twenty  two  of  his  coundliors,  fitting  in  a 
feniicircie  on  the  right  ami  left  ot'him  on  fine 
mats,  and  clad  in  Moorijh  frocks,  but  ail 
bare-headed.     Before  the   king  Hood  two 
l.irge  pots  of  palm-wine,    two  empty  cala- 
balhes  or  half-gourds  near  ir,  and  a  round 
wooden  ftool,  about  a  foot  high.     When  I 
was  come  within  his  reach,  he  held  out  his 
hand,  and  made  me  a  fign  to  fit  on  the  ftool 
juft  facing  him  land  to  my  attendants,  to  fie 
down  on  the  mats  that  lay  by.     Then  my 
prelent  was  laid  down  before  him,  viz.  two 
bars  of  iron,    two  flasks  of  brandy,   one 
bundle  of  bugles,  and  Ibme  knives;  wliiih 
when  lie  had  eyed,   he  ordered  his  prcfentto 
be  l.iid  down  beiiind  mc,  being  a  basket  of 
rice  and  two  hens  •,  which  I  ordered  imme- 
diately to  be  killed  and  roallcd,  and  they 
were  eaten  by  ui,  che  company  in  token  of 
mutual  I'riendfiiip.      Meanwhile  the  inter- 
preter,   who   underfliood  a   little    Lingua 
Franca  or  broken  Portuguefe,  interpreted  to 
the  good  old  man  what  I  faid  to  him  -,  being 
to  this  cfTeft,  that  I  was  come  into  the  river 
to  take  in  water  and  wood,  for  a  large  Ihip, 
and  at  the  fame  timj  to  trade  with  himfcif 
and  his  people,  for  elephants  teeth,  rice,  ma- 
niguette,  and  provifions;  liefiring,  he  would 
appoint  the  propereft  place  to  cut  wood,  and 
permit  me  to  ereft  a  fmall  lodge  at  the  vil- 
lage down  tiie  river,  for  the  convenience  of 
trade,  during  my  flay  :  as  alfo  to  give  his 
fubjeds  notice  thereof,  and  encourage  them 
to  bring  down  what  teeth  and  other  things 
rhey  would  difpole  of,  with  as  much  fpeed  as 
pofTible,   becaufe  1  defigned  to  make  but  a 
very  (liort  Hay.     To  all  which,   he  caufed 
this  anfwer  to  be  given  me  by  the  interpreter 
jud  as  I    took   my  leave  of  him,  that  he 
Would  come  down  himfelf  very  fpectlily  to 
op?n  the  trade  with  me  ;  which  he  did  ac- 
cortiingly  the  next  day,    and  I  had  foms 
fmall  dealings  with  him,  in  the  lodge  I  had 
cauled  to  be  erefted  near  the  beach,  with 
b.inanatrees,    and  boughs  of    palm-trees, 
which  m.ide  a  comfortable  fhelter,  by  their 
frclljncfs   and    lovely   greens,    againil    the 
fcorching  heat  of  the  fun.     But  all  I  could 
get  in  eiLdit  djys,  was  only  five  or  fix  hun« 
drcd  weight  of  elephants-teeth,    the  king 
himfelf  being  prefent  moll  of  the  tiine  ;    he 
returning  home  to  his  village,  every  night, 
and  1  .ibo.ud  Ihip  with  my  gooi'.s,  except  ore 
nir.lii.  that  1  W43  forced  bdckby  a  ToiHudot 
Vot.  V.  ' 


and  obliged  t^i  li  •  afhcre  with  the  brft  p:irt  Mat '-it. 
ot  my  crew  in  tlieforge  liouleof  the  vil!  g'\ '*^V'^ 
as  the  moft  convenic  u  place.  Tiio'  all 
the  BLt.ki  of  the  village  fhewed  agrc.it  deal 
oi  civility,  every  one  olVeriiig  h's  lioufe  to 
lodge  us  1  yet  I  found  it  impofTihle  to  flay 
one  fingle  ciuuter  ofanhourin  any  of  them, 
they  are  generally  lb  llifling  hot  and  linoky,'''"'»fi' 
byrcafon  they  keeji  a  coiiltant  fmall  fire  m'"")"- 
the  night-time,  fieeping  with  their  feet  ne.ir 
'■'^  it,  which  they  account  very  wholelome, 
I  o' they  are  thus  almoll  drowned  in  their 
own  fweat.  This  w.iy  of  making  coal  fire,  as 
thefe  and  moll  of  the  Rlack>  in  (ininen  do, 
feems  to  have  been  pradlifei.1  by  the  ffnu-til.s, 
who  had  no  chimneys  in  their  houlcs,  it  be- 
ing cullomary  in  hot  countries  to  h.ive  none  : 
for  we  read  in  the  xxxvi'"  of  'Jeremiah,  ver. 
ZT,.  that  when  king /t'/joM^;;/;  burnt  the  roll 
of  che  law,  written  by  Gotl's  order,  he  f itc 
in  the  winter-houlc,  where  was  a  fire  of  char- 
coal in  the  hearth,  burning  before  him. 

I  hive  ^lif^  many  fuch  hearths  in  the 
middle  of  the  Porltigu(fe  lioult's  in  Prime's 
ifland,  where  they  ilrefs  their  meat.  But  I 
fuppofe  this  keeping  a  fmoky  fire  in  the 
'  abbins  of  the  Blacki  in  the  night-time,  is 
chiefly  to  drive  away  the  gnats,  which  are 
here  very  numerous  and  troublefoine  •,  the 
village  lying  betwixt  the  river  in  front,  and 
a  fort  of  a  thicket  of  fhrubs  and  wood  behind 
it.  For  the  Savages  of  the  River Miffifippi  in 
Nortb'Ameriin,  contrive  their  houfcs,  dri- 
ving into  the  ground  big  poles,  as  the  B!iicks 
do  here,  vjry  ne,  I  -'ne  another,  which  fup- 
port  a  large  hurd  e,  ferving  them  inftead  of 
a  floor  i  and  uiidrr  it  they  make  their  fire, 
the  fmoke  where  jf  drives  away  the  gn.its. 

It  wasjufl  a'lcr  fun-let  whei  I  p uted  from 
king  Bar/air,  when  I  paid  him  liie  firil  vific 
at  his  vill.ige,  and  a  moll  fweet  lovely  even- 
ing, in  the  month  oi  Diiembcr.Wc  ran  down  pi„f,Df 
the  river,  carried  only  by  the  tide,  veryriiw. 
flowly,  between  the  banks  which  are  mag- 
nificently ailorned  and  lliaded  with  ever- 
green trees,  of  many  different  forts  and 
forms,  moft  of  which  ftretch  their  boughs 
far  out  over  the  river,  in  the  figure  ot  ,ia 
amphitheatre.  This,  widi  the  protound  fi- 
lence  on  the  water,  and  the  various  note* 
of  a  multitude  of  many  lortsof  biriis  loilj,ed 
in  tl-.e  woods,  with  the  lliri-king  and  ch.it- 
teiing  of  i  vafl  number  of  monkeys  and  ap.s 
ikipping  and  jumping  from  bough  t(.  boujh 
over  our  heads  i  and  the  iweet  gentle  noil!* 
of  the  Blacks  paddling  the  levcral  (..iiices 
which  accompanied  us  v  made  our  jo'.irney 
very  delightful  and  i  harming,  and  gave  mt; 
an  inclination  to  row  up  the  river  .\  le.igue 
or  more  every  evening  during  my  ftay,  to 
t-njoy  Co  pleafant  a  diverfion,  -.irU  to 
flioot  ai  monkeys  and  birds  ;  be/ides  the 
iport  we  hoU  ia  tifl-.mg  wiiti  drag  ncti  iit  a 
L 1  fmail 


1   ll.i     \ 

' 

1 
\  i  i 

! 

■p   ■ 

1 

'iii 

-::}:     :■: 

¥ 

i\  ^ 

1 

if,., 

ri 


■II 


III 


:;«^^'i 


..;lJ 


t    ' 


i  ,1 


'!i  '■  i 


130 


A  Dcfcription  of  the 


Book  II 


Hahi-.h-  Im.ill   r.iiidy  bay,    liiiiv  wh.a  iliii.uu    lioin 
V^Y^'  .\ii()tlii'i-  vill.ij^c  on  till.-  l.uiK- 1  Diuinciit.     Wc 
thirc  got  ;\liuiul,infi'  ol  gooti  l.irj^c  mullets, 
ami  IbiucoiliLr  loits  oflilli. 

Till'  |)l.)cc  wIktc  wi  li.ui  ilic  lihdtyof 
fillingour  wooil,  w.is  alinoll  1:  ilf  w.iy  up 
tlic  river,  to  tlu;  king's  vili.igi'.Dti  tlu'  NW. 
fiilc:  thin-  our  pv')|l-,  wlio  wi  re  wallung 
tlKJr  clothes,  liy  Utgnvs  Iniriit  liuwn  ii  very 
fine  tree  mucli  like. I  lirr  tree,  of  a  prDiligi- 
ous  iengili,  very  llr.iiglii,  .iml  without  any 
houjilis,  Initonly  at  tlu  lopaiult,  .liilniailc 
by  .ui,  wall  all  the  skill  iuiaginali. 

We  got  our  water  iVoin  the  Irefliofthe 
ri\'er,  aliouc  an  tin-'ij'.'  mile  above  the  king's 
village,  thetiile  hardly  running  up  loiiigii  1 
iiHil  yit  a  brigantinc  ni  :y  lail  up  iwebe 
leagues,  tho'  the  ch.uiml  grows  narrow  the 
farther  you  go  up. 

The  Potiiigitrj(.  havf  givt n  thi-^  river  the 
iiinie  ot  Rio  Jos  Ccjtos,  from  the  vail  quan- 
tity of  Guinea  pepper  the  country  ailords, 
which  liicy  call  Ctjlos,  anil  thence  by  cor- 
ruption Sah-<j  hy  other  Eitfopeai.s.  It  runs 
lip  far  into  the  land,  and  takes  in  lever  il 
f'mallcr  rivers  or  iprings  in  its  courle  ;  tli  it 
which  the  king's  village  is  built  on,  runs 
north-well. 
Theithg's  This  village  contains  about  thirty  littL 
■"%'■  houles,  built  of  clay,  and  encloled  with  a 
mud  wall,  about  five  toot  high,  and  Itands 
on  a  riling  ground,  jull  at  tlu  nioutli  of  a 
little  river  ;  antl  the  country  about  it  full  of 
banana  and  palm  trees:  every  houlc  has  an 
upper  floor,  and  fbme  two,  neatly  wliiten'd 
within,  twelve  or  fifteen  inches  above  the 
ground,  where  the  wall  is  black  or  red,  in- 
iliirvreiitly,  as  a  band  roundabout  it  1  but 
x\\i  floriesare  folow,  that  pjople  mull  fit  or 
lie  down.  The  floors,  inltead  o!  boards,  are 
made  ol'  round  flicks,  or  boughs  ol  palm- 
tree,  dole  tallen'd  together,  whicli  is  again 
anoth.r great  inconvenience  to  walk  on :  luJi 
is  alio  the  floor  of  the  couni'if  houk,  the  roof 
whereof,  like  that  ol'  the  houles,  is  mad.e  of 
the  lame  palm-tree  flicks,  adjufled  dole  to- 
j^eth-r,  covered  over  with  large  A'.(;;.7j../..nd 
palm-tree  leaves. 

In  tiiis  houfe  I  obferved  a  piece  of 
lljuare  timber,  rtbout  three  foot  Ion;; ;  '..1 
which  was  carved,  m  hall-relievc,  die  fi- 
gure ol  a  woman,  and  a  child  hy  her,  but 
of  an  odd  fort  of  work  ;  and  two  fquare 
holes  cut  in  pretty  deep,  at  each  end  of  the 
limber:  which  I  judgetl  to  be  a  fort  ol  idol, 
and  the  holes  in  it  to  hold  meat  anil  drink 
for  its  ufe  V  that  being  rh^  , ace  wliere  they 
adminilter  an  oath,  or  fwear  to  the  perloi'- 
niaiice  of  fontraels  or  agreements  made 
nmong  themfelves. 
I'tlUx,  King  l\''.('i  lives  conlTantly  nf  this  vilkig", 
ii''ji'hl-    ''^■J^f' '•''i'ty'^f  l'i'''^,'^'<-'5»  and'dieirilliie,  add 

5^',„'  '*   none  otiicf.    ilc  is  a  gou'i,  courteous,  a- 


gn  e.ible  u  an,  lui;  very  finiple  .jkI  innocent : 
I  had  all  the  lonveiiK'iuy  ol  know  in.:,  him, 
becauie  he  Hayed  with  me  moll:  ol  the  lime 
I  kep;  the  lodge  at  the  \  illage  of  caj't.iin  /.; 
luh,  as  has  been  alr^.idy  oblei  ceil.  Of  thole 
thirty  Wives  oi  ii;e  king's,  1  could  fee  but  fiv 
or  fi.\,  attending  on  tlie  ilii'-l  of  them,  who 
is  among  the  otliers  like  a  fultana  :  Ihew.is 
fniniwh.'.i  adv.Munl  in  ycirs  but  .1  very 
(1  ■',  ly  woiu.in,  havin;;  lar;','' figures  cut  or 
iiii[)riiited  on  the  flcfli  in  fever.d  p.u^ts  ol  her 
body,  arms  and  legs,  but  eljw  lally  .iliout 
lur  middle.  I  cannot  liiy  how  thole  fi- 
gtires  are  m.ide  «?>  the  llelh  1  lur  .it  a 
fuiall  diU.uiie  the)  look  like  h,di-rilii\e, 
cut  out  of'  it ;  but  was  told  they  did  it 
with  hot  irons,  I  law  fume  01  lur  women 
thus  cut  and  adorned  from  h  .id  to  loot, 
which  is  accounted  a  great  oin.iiiui,;  among 
th  m. 

lire  king's  foil'-',  or  hisfbns-in-law,  we.ir 
a  long  ofiir  cap,  like  tliat  I  mentioned  of 
their  laiiier,  which  is  the  only  thing  that 
dillinguilli  them  fiom  the  common  fori, and 
is  peculiar  to  liich  only  as  are  of  the  blood- 
loyal  i  but  in  all  other  thing--,  theytoiland 
work  like  flaves,  when  ociafion  riiiiiires  it. 
I  havefeen  fcver.il  padillu  ',  in  iluirC'..;,Oi';  to 
attend  me  up  and  down  the  river,  when- 
ever I  h,id  oce.ifion  to  go  to  and  Iro,  by 
watci . 

Thefe  Bl.uks,  both  men  and  women,  iKC'unm, 
good  naturcd,  and  \rry  civil  to  llrangers '''"'•'• 
who  do  not  ufe  them  ill  ■,  living  very  friendly 
together  amonglt  themklves.  While  I  was 
there,  news  being  brought  1  !iat  .1  Du.'il'  fliip 
was  come  i.ito  the  road,  every  man  of  captain 
y.;<r///s  vill.;ge  laid  hold  of  hi.  bow,  javelin, 
and  knife.  1  asking  fomeot  the  chief  of  them 
the  realbn  ;  they  told  me,  they  v;ould  op-  ~ 
pole  the  l.i:,ding  of  the  li.!laihh-i:u  if  tliiy 
Ihould  attempt  it,  beciufe  not  long  llnce,  a 
fliip  of  t'l":  nation  had  llokn  away  tliirtecn 
of  their  B'.a.ki  at  Sangiuh:.  I  lent  word  to 
the  lloLiiiiUcr  in  tlie  ro.id,  to  w.un  him,  not 
to  com-alliore,  who  pretended,  that  ic  was 
an  Ln^lijh  pirate,  who  had  done  it,  under 
Duiib  colours;  but  bring  in  no  great  want 
of  any  thing  from  flioie,  lie  proiecded  to  the 
ealKv.ir.l. 

Tiierc  \.\\<lA  to  be  formerly  a  p,xtty  good 
trade  in  i'  //;o,  fir  ele|)h:i!its  teeth  -,  c.fwi.idi 
the  Enalijl  and  Dutch  li.id  the  bell  fliare,  but 
the  valt  number  ol  lliips,  now  trading  on  the 
coallol  (iiiiiic'ii,  has  lo  cxhaufled  it,  that  the 
hiigHJh  have  been  obliged  to  abandon  therc- 
li.ience  tliey  h.id  about  three  leagues  uji  the 
river,  the  better  to  t.irry  on  their  trade  in  tiiu 
country  .dong  it  ;  which  is  very  populous, 
and  hai  .ibundaiiL?  of  xiilagc  anil  liimlets 
on  its  !)anks. 

Ilowevfr,  I  might  Iiave  li.ul  n  better 
tnitlu  of  lettli,  wliilll  i  W4S  tl-tre,  but  that 

tnoit 


/.'Ky      , 


\''/ic  Kmi/r  Ctun. 
L#*  lint  uiilr 
Tlu  Xnnj-  Prfj-^ 
.rlV 


Book  II. 


noLcm : 
i^liiin, 
l.c  tinv- 
,.iin  y./ 
Dfiholc 
hilt  livf 
111,  wlio 
llii- w.is 
.1  Viry 
s  tut  or 
;s  ol  licr 
y  iihoiit 
holL'  (i- 
jr  ,it  .1 

-UllIM', 

y  ilul  it 

women 

to  foot, 

:  .iiiioiig 

\K,  wf.ir 
ioiu'J  of 
lit;  tli.it 
fori,;!  mi 
ic  hlood- 
I  toil  and 
luircs  ic. 
^.i>;Oii  to 
■,  whcn- 
1  1 10,  by 

111',  11,  art  Cyi'tt'iii 
111  angers  "■■""'■ 
r  iVii-iuily 

I  was 

Ij  fliip 

a  1 'tain 

ivcliii, 
ol'tlifin 

Ki  o;)- 

il  day 

incc,  a 

■iiiicca 

ord  to 

111,  not 

ic  w.is 

tllldtT 

It  w.int 

to  till.' 


y  good 

Wi.iJl 

aie,  but 

r,  on  the 

iiat  tlx' 

1  tlierc- 

uj)  tlie 

•  111  t;;j 

ipuloiis, 

liamkts 

IlitUT 

X.t  tli.'.t 

molt 


■/.  /  //.///■  . 


.'/If  Amy  .■/  .tfJ'tri) 
III,  I    ..  II  ti  tj  i  Xi»^ 

It/;,  y../'<yj-  Prfj-CHU 
Tit.      2,-t  af'u^mj 


S'lu  oiiUiJ:  oflhe£\lf 


..  *^o. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


/. 


1.0 


I.I 


1^  Ui 

1 2.2 


■30 

M    12.0 


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1.25   1  1.4    1 1.6 

1  —  1111=^=  mil— 

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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


v 


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rv 


O^ 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  U580 

(716)  •72-4503 


Chap.^. 

molt 
their  1 

r,,iw/  ef       Til'. 

ihthndi    of  5/. 

ami  ni 
l'..  if 
officer.' 
TIk- 
by  a! 


tlifit'. 


T 


Chap.  6'. 


Coajls  of  Sour  h-Gu i  n e  a. 


J3I 


tin  hnili 
/Scilro. 


Tui  ini':. 


inofc  of  du"  iieojilc  were  tlien  bufy  ("owing 
tlicir  rici'. 

The  l.inils  of  Si'flro  extend  from  the  river 
ot  St.  John  or  Bcrjay,  to  Croe,  licing  about 
tliirty-five  leagues  in  a  line,  along  the  coalt, 
ami  much  farther  up  the  country,  N  E  by 
]•'.  if  we  may  believe  fomc  of  that  king's 
oiHi'ers. 

'I'lu'  good  old  king  is  much  refpeded 
by  all  liis  fubji  ds  -,  and  he  is  very  aH"e<ftio- 
n.'.te  towards  them,  living  like  a  careful  fa- 
t!ur  of  a  large  family. 

'I'he  Blacks  here  generally  fpcak  through 
tJK'  nofe,  and  very  hallily.  Tiiiir  dialeCt 
is  the  f^'lji.ilijt-,  of  whieli  I  had  learnt  fome 
v.oids,  hui  loll  tlicm  and  fome  drauglus  I 
took  there.  A  tew  of  the  natives,  here  and 
there,  on  the  coall,  have  got  Ibme  Englijlj 
and  Dutch  exprefTions. 

Habit  <;/ Mi;n    aiui  Women,  iyc. 

T^  H  E  men  arc  generally  tali,  lully,  and 
'-  well-fliaii.d,  but  not  ota  fliining  black  -, 
and  feem  to  live  contented  with  their  condi- 
tion. They  go  almofl  naked,  wearing  on- 
ly a  llngle  clout  about  their  waift,  tuck'd 
.;b')Ut  their  thighs  ;  but  perfons  of  diftinc- 
lion  wear  abundance  of  toys,  as  bugles, 
brals  bells,  i^c.  about  their  necks,  waifts, 
and  legs.  I  faw  fome,  who  had  iron  rings 
about  their  legs,  which  weigh'd  above  three 
pounds  each  ;  but  more  of  the  bells,  and 
other  founding  ornaments,  which  pleafe 
them  at  their  publick  feltivals ;  as  is  alio 
done  by  the  f^iaq:ias,  of  whom  more  here- 
after: and  thefe  they  delight  in,  becaufe 
they  make  a  noife  as  tluy  walk,  and  much 
mni"j  in  dancing. 

'J'his  curtom  of  wearing  jingling  orna- 
ment^,  mry  be  deiivM  from  tiv.'  ancient 
'Jet:',  as  ni.iy  be  ki.n  in  Ifiiiab.,  chap.  iii. 
\cr.  it),  iS.  wlicre  the  prophet  reproaches 
the  d.uighters  of  Sioii,  for  that  they  tooj-;  a 
pride  in  tinkling  ornaments,  and  threatens 
that  they  fhall  be  taken  away. 

The  habit  of  the  women  is  much  the 
iamr.  Tiicy  arc  very  tender  of  their  chil- 
dren, wliom  they  carry  about  wherel'oever 
th^y  v,o,  as  long  as  they  fuck,  in  a  i'ort  of 
1  atlier  balket,  in  which  they  fit,  and  are 
made  fall  to  their  mothers  backs,  that  they 
may  not  lall.  Wlien  the  women  meet  on 
the  road,  or  elfewherc,  they  embrace  and 
Ihake  hands,  Handing  a  few  moments  in 
tliat  pollure  •,  and  they  fay.  Macro,  Ma- 
cro, or  Jqiit-r,  Jqtd-o ;  tlut  is,  a  good 
ilay  to  you. 


I'Mi'i.ovMENTS  of  the  Blacks. 
H  l-'.^'  are  very  induftrious   and  con- 

llant  at  their  employments,  particu- 
larly at  lowing  of  rice  ;  others  at  filhing 
in  their  canoes  two  or  three  leagues  out  at 


T 


fea,  fetting  our  early  in  c!ie  morning,  and  nA'nior. 
returning  home,  with  tlicir  fifli,  about  noon,  UO/'NJ 
by  the  help  of  the  fea  breeze. 

Thcchief  ot  them  drive  a  trade  with  the 
huropcans,  exchanging  rice,  maniguette, 
and  elephants  teeth,  for  Enro/iecin  commo- 
dities. 

Beads,  of  feveral  forts,  Europe,, 

ugles,  white  and  blue,  ,„. 

Brafs  kettles  and  baluns. 

Iron  bars, 

Bral.  and  iron  rings, 

Annab.is, 

Linnen, 

Dutch  knives, 

Br.imly,  in  whole  and  half  anchors. 

Cotton, 

Cowri-,  or  fliells, 

Pa^r.os,  or  fliurt  cloths, 

Small  he  lging-b:lls, 

Oidinary  knivis, 

Dutch  mugs, 

I'ilhing  hooks. 

I'ewter   t.U)kards,7  r  i 

I,     ,       in  J-ioarie  metal, 

I'ewtrr  dillich,     J 

White  and  blue  large  beads. 

'I'iiele  Scjiro  Blacks  are  very  importunate 
at  begging  their  Dajf),  or  prefent,  before 
they  will  ftrike  a  bargain  -,  and  it  is  no  ealy 
matter  to  avoid  giving;  ihem  fomething. 

It  is  the  culloi  '  the  B'acks  to  do  lit- 
tle or  no  bufinefs  in  the  afternoon  -,  for 
they  are  at  phiy,  or  fmoking,  or  lying 
down  at  their  cabbin  doors,  in  their  wives 
laps,  to  have  their  heads  comb'd,  and  their 
hair  trimm'd,  after  the  fame  manner  as  thofc 
at  cape  Monte  do  it. 

About  noon,  tlie  women  drefs  their  meat,  ^umtr  of 
and  in  the  fumnivr  boil  fait  b;fore  their  ""'«.?■ 
doors,  on  tiie  ground,  and  in  the  winter 
within  doors.  They  boil  rice  with  niurtoii, 
goat's  flclli,  chickens,  monkeys,  and  filTi, 
which  are  their  common  food.  Their  com- 
mon drink  is  water,  and  fome  pal  u-winc. 
They  eat  alter  a  very  flovenly  manner,  as 
all  the  other  Blaiki  do  in  othc  r  places,  rol- 
ling tlie  rice  in  their  hands  into  a  ball,  wiiich 
lerves  inlfead  of  bread,  a  thing  c|uite  un- 
known to  them  here. 

The  women  never  cat  with  their  hulbands,  Polygamy. 
nor  the  children  with  their  parents  •,  hut  the 
man  eats  firlf,  then  the  wife,  and  lalHy, 
the  children.  l'',very  man  has  as  many  wives 
as  he  can  maintain,  and  all  keep  them  very 
ciuict  and  fubmidive  •,  infomuch,  that  they 
tlare  not  fo  much  as  fmile  on  a  ftrangcr,  in 
the  prefencc  of  their  hudwnils,  who  arc  na- 
turally jealous ;  and  caufe  their  wives  to 
retire  into  the  houfe,  if  an  European  is 
talking  to  them  without. 

Whilll  king  A/tT  was  with  me,  at  my 
lodge,  or  hutt,  intelligence  was  brought 
him,   that  a  Black  had  forc'd  one  ot  his 

wives  ; 


i!V   ■  , 


'h^il 


:  i  «: 


![','■ 


ii^;      i. 


I?^ 


^  Dcfcription  of  the 


Book  II. 


VJtt. 


Ba T( HOT.  wives  >  but  whether  then-  was  a.iy  com- 
^^V^^  jili.incc  on  her  fiilf,  I  know  nor.  The  good 
i)lil  man  lett  me  on  a  ludilm,  ami  went  a- 
\vay  to  his  village,  and  rcturn'd  tiic  next 
day,  hut  told  nic  ivhiny;  ot  the  occafion 
of  his  journey  :  however,  the  day  after, 
anotiu'r  intorm'd  mc,  he  had  caus'd  that 
fl/.iiv's  head  to  be  Ifruik  otF  by  his  eldelt 
ion.  TIk-  old  mm  fceni'd  to  be  out  of 
counienance  when  1  ("poke  to  him  of  it ;  and 
did  all  he  could  to  perfuide  uie  to  tell  him, 
wliii'ii  of  his  people  hid  revealM  that  fe- 
tri.t  to  me,  which  I  woukl  not  ilo,  for  fear 
it  mi^lit  bring  the  /ri/i^- into  danger. 
chgtr.  ^1"-'   womtn  have  a  very  extraordinary 

how  aj.     way  of  admiiiilbing   a  clyller,   through  a 
mimjhr'J.  b.ilrulh,  iiKule  fit  lor  that  purpofe,  blow- 
ing the  comi'ofition  out  of  their  mouths. 

Many  of  the  Bliiki  here  take  Eur^'enii 
n.'.mts,  as  Johu,  Ptler,  Aiithnii<j,  Doviinick, 
yam,.i,ticAo  Ihewtheirafteftionto  flrangers. 
Tiny  often  dcfir'd  me  to  perfuade  the  com- 
p.ny  to  lit  up  a  tat'-lory  on  the  river  ■,  but 
i  made  them  lenfible  it  woulit  not  be  worth 
whii..  the  trade  of  ivory  there  being  lo 
fmall. 

Product. 

•T"  1 1  E  country  of  Sejlro  abounds  in  rice, 
■*•  which  yields  fuch  a  prodigious  incrcali;, 
that  a  large  fhip  may  be  foon  loaded,  at 
a  very  cheap  rate  ;  but  it  is  not  fo  large, 
white,  orl'weet,  as  that  oi  Milan  or  yeroiia. 
I  believe  it  might  be  bought  for  about  a 
half-penny  a  pound. 

The  M.iiii^iie/ti',  or  Guinea  pepper,  isalfo 
very  plentiful   and  cheap.     The  Blinks  of 
S-j'lio  call   it  fFiiizdiiziig,  and  thole  about 
cape  ilin  Pahn.'i!,  Emj>u\^:ictlii.    That  which 
groW')  on  the  river  Sijiro,   is  the  large  It  of 
all  this  [)art  of  the  pepper-coart.     It  i-^  a 
fort  of  n-irub,  the  leaves  broad,  thick,  and 
])retty  long,  inuch  like  thofe  of  the  nut- 
meg tree.     1  he  buflies  grow  fo  clofe  to- 
gether, that  in  fome  phices  at  Srjlro,  they 
look,  at  a  diflance,  like  thickets,  or   liiiall 
coppices.    The  fruit  is  almolt   oval,    but 
pointed  at  the  end  ;  being  a  thin  hufk,  fii  ll 
green,  and  when  dry,  of  a  fine  fcarlet,  a- 
bout  the  fize  of  a  fig,  and  fofr,  as  notfillM 
with  any  pulii  ;  but  within  ii  is  the  ALini- 
gtu'tu;  glowing  in  four  or  five  rows,  ami 
cover'd  with  a  white  film,  which  alio  fe- 
parates  each  grain,  or  feed  ;  and  thefe  are 
white,  very  (harp,  biting  beyond  the  hot- 
ted p.pper.     Thefe   grains,    before    they 
ripen,    are   red,  anil  of  a   grateful    tafte. 
The  bed  are   of  a  cheftnut  colour,  large, 
ponileroiis,  and   very    fmooth  j  the    black 
are  the  fmalleft.     They  take  their  colour 
as  they  lie  aboari!  the  lliip,  being  put    up 
green.    The  feed  is  neither  Ii)  I  ir;;e  or  rouinl 
as  the  IiiJi 'n  pe|)per,  b.it  hi'.  Icveral   an- 
gles.   The  llalks  of  it  L.d\e  foaicwhat  like 


Cniinca 


cloves.  There  is  another  fort  of  A/.;a-- 
quelle,  growing  like  large-lcavM  grals, 
That  which  is  bought,  from  the  niiddL- 
of  November  till  March,  is  certainly  .i 
year  old,  for  the  new  begins  to  bud  in  J:i- 
Huiiry. 

The  Duti/j  ufed  formerly  to  exprt  a 
great  quantity  of  it  yearly,  lo.uling  whoh: 
(hips  i  but  it  is  now  lets  fought  after.  I 
had  three  hundred  weight  of  it  at  Sejhi^ 
for  one  bar  of  iron,  worth  five  fhillings. 

I  lere  is  great  plenty  of  hens,  and  chickens,  P«i.'r 
and  (o  cheap,  that  I  bought  a  couple  of 
them  for  the  value  of  a  penny,  in  trifling 
commodities,  as  little  ordinary  knives,  filh- 
hooks,  pins,  fmall  looking -glalfes,  and 
beads  i  but  they  are  fmall,  and  not  fo  well 
tailed  as  in  Europe.  An  hundred  couple 
may  be  had  in  a  week  ;  and  they  eat  well, 
boii'd  with  rice,  and  a  piece  of  bacon. 

There  are  feveral  forts  of  the  liime  trees  Tr«.. 
I  ilefcrib'd  before,  fpeaking  of  the  country 
of  the  f'^iojai ;    which  make  a   licliglaful 
prolped  every  way,  being  naturally  inter- 
mixt  with  the  coco  and  palm-trees. 

As  to  plants,  it  affords  much  the  rimer/«ni, 
as  the  country  of  the  f^tojas  ;  but  particu- 
larly abounds  in  Tarns  or  Ignames,  whereof 
the  women  make  a  fort  of  pap,  almoft  as 
white  as  ours,  to  feed  their  little  children. 
There  is  alfo  great  (lore  of  Cola,  beans, 
ananas,  bananas,  plantans,  potatos,  coco- 
nuts, and  Imall  oranges  and  lemons,  very 
full  of  juice,  and  all  ext.-aordinary  cheap. 

There  is  no  lefs  variety  of  birds,  great B/'.-. 
and  fmall,  efptcially  abundance  of  ring- 
doves, which  are  excellent  meat.  There 
are  peacocks  up  the  country,  near  the  river- 
fide  ;  but  it  is  difficult  coming  at  the  places 
where  they  keep,  for  want  ol  roads ;  nor 
are  they  eafily  found  when  Ihot,  by  realon 
of  the  tliicknefs  of  the  woods  and  briers 
on  the  ground. 

We  now  and  then,  in  tie  woo, Is,  about 
a  mile  from  the  king's  vilhige,  l.ill'd 
a  bird,  about  as  big  as  a  turkey,  perching 
on  tlie  trees,  and  h.iving  .i  very  flinll  cry  i 
but  they  are  very  plump  and  Iweet,  not 
inferior  to  our  phe.ifants.  The  bell  time 
for  tiiis  ljx)rt  is  about  the  evening,  wlieii 
they  go  to  roolf,  perching  on  a  particular 
fort  of  treis,  on  wiiicli  a  fm.ill  fort  of 
birds  build  their  ncfls.  Theli."  birds  arc 
no  larger  ih.m  (parrows,  but  of  a  gay  cu- 
rious pliimigc,  and  alwayi  build  their  n'.'lts 
on  the  very  tops  of  the  loh'ell  trees,  and  at 
the  extrcmitit  s  of  the  fmalietl  boughs.  Near 
captain  'JtuvL's  village,  ilown  the  river,  I 
faw  above  a  thoiiliind  (uch  nells  upon  one  lii/../,j 
tree.  I'he  ablefl  ariilt  couhl  not  iniii.iie '■'>■• 
tiie  work  of  tliele  little  creatures,  in  the  cu- 
rious and  l()lid  twilling  and  intei wt.v'ng 
of  the  bulrullies,   their  nells  arc  iiiaili  oi, 

beiiiy 


Chap.  6.  Co*?/?/  of  South-Guinea. 


«33 


tlinkiiii. 


■"!■ 


l);ingvery  thick  and  firm,  with  a  fmall  round 
hok',  or  opening  for  thcmftlves  lo  go  in 
and  out  at. 

The-  apes  and  monkpys,  who  always  keep 
in  and  about  tlic  woods,  fitting  on  th^  trees, 
arc  titiier  grey  and  white,  fpeckled  at  the 
muzzle,  or  nofe  i  or  (potted  grey,  black, 
and  red,  with  a  black  face,  the  extremity 
of  it  white,  with  a  pointed  Iharp  beard  at 
the  end  of  the  chin.  There  is  alfo  another 
fort  very  ugly  and  frightful  to  behold.  The 
Bl'hkj  eat,  and  itckon  them  good  meat, 
cither  boil'd  with  rice,  as  1  have  obferv'd 
before,  or  dry'd  and  linoak'il  like  bacon, 
or  neats  tongues-,  but  the  very  fight  of 
them  fi)  dry'ii,  is  (.noiigh  to  turn'd  an  J:ti- 
rc;raii''i  Aoinacii. 

I'hj  Iwallow  is  here  very  fm.dl,  having 
;i  llac  Iliad,  and  a  very  fmall  beak. 

ihc  dogs  arc  as  in  other  parts  of  (iniii  i, 
Init  not  very  common,  and  eaten  by  the 
Bl,icks  as  good  meat.  There  are  but  fiw 
fwine,  and  the  flieep  ditfcr  much  from  ours 
in  l£tiropi; ;  ilicy  are  not  fo  large,  and  have 
no  wool,  but  hair,  like  goats,  with  a  fort  of 
mane,  like  a  lion's,  on  the  neck,  andfoon 
tiie  rump,  and  a  brufh  at  the  end  of  the 
tail.  They  are  very  indifferent  meat,  but 
fcrve  there,  for  want  of  better,  being  fold 
for  a  bar  of  iron  each. 

If  I  may  believe  fonie  of  my  men,  who 
were  cutting  wood  in  the  forelt,  near  the 
king's  palace,  they  faw  five  lions  together 
about  iim-fetting  i  but  1  am  more  apt  to 
believe  tiicy  were  tygers,  which  are  very 
numerous  in  tiiis  country  :  and  on  their 
account  tlie  Bliicki  raife  their  houfcs  three 
foot  above  the  ground,  on  poles,  and  cn- 
c!ofe*heir  villages  with  mud  walls,  thole 
ireatures  Ibmetinies  retorting  to  the  villages 
m  t!ie  night  i  tiio'  1  .lid  not  hear  they  elid 
,iny  harm  to  men,  Lat  only  devoured  dogs 
.'.nd  poultry. 
„;  The  woods  are  pefter'd  with  gnats,  as 
well  as  the  fwamps,  or  morafles  •,  as  alio  with 
a  ibrr  of  green  flies,  as  big  as  hornets,  whole 
lling  I'.raws  blootl  almolt  like  a  lancet. 

l"  he  ants  or  pifmires  arc  large,  having 
two  long  horns,  and  their  bite  taufes  pain- 
fil  hvcliings  in  the  flefii. 

I  ..Ho  took  notice  of  feveral  forts  of  cat- 
t(  rpillers,  lome  as  long  as  a  man's  hand, 
and  very  hideous. 

I  accidentally  law  two  ftrange  men  in 
this  country.  The  one  was  a  native,  who 
had  a  milk-white  (kin,  but  all  over  mottled 
with  Im.dl  black  fpots,  like  a  tyger's  (kin  ; 
:,f  was  a  tall  lufly  man.  The  other  was  an  old 
lljik,  whom  I  faw  in  a  little  hamlet,  near 
i!k-  place  where  we  hew'dwood;  and  who, 
the  natives  told  mo,  late  mo(t  of  his  life  in 
li.e  very  place  where  I  found  him,  having 
I  nionthous  Urotum,  feeling  like  a  vatt 
Vol..  V. 


lump  of  dough,  very  round,  all  over  wliitc,DARiior 
with  black  (pecks,  and  the  reft  o(  his  body  '•OT^ 
perfirftly  black  :  they  (hew'd  mc  a  fmall 
opening  in  the  fcrotum,  thro'  which  he  made 
water.  He  fate  finoking  tobacco  very  hearti- 
ly 5  but  a  very  odd  objeft  to  behold.  This 
painful  and  tedious  dillemper  is  common 
among  aged  i^,  -ti  in  ^mja,  and  thought  to 
proceed  from  the  exce(rive  ufe  of  palm- 
wine  and  women,  which  occalion  the  te(\i- 
cles  to  fwell  prodigioufiy  in  the  fcrotum, 
rcndring  them  incapable  of  walking  or 
ading. 

There  being  many  lopers  in  this  country,  ufin. 
I  could  not  but  fufpetJt  tint  thole  two  men 
might  be  of  that  number,  and  therefore  I 
w.is  afraid  to  examine  them  nicely.     The 
B!:icki  have  no  manner  of  communication       | 
with  fuch  perloni. 

Th?  people  of  S.jho  live  in  pcrfcft  peace 
with  their  neighbours  having  put  an  end  to 
the  wars  they  had  wirh  them,  by  felling  all 
the  prilbners  they  could  take,  for  Hives. 
Formerly  their  country  iiltd  to  be  often 
ravaged  and  burnt. 

F  0  N  B  R  A  I.  s. 

'T*  H  E  Y  are  very  ceremonious  at  the  fu- 
*■    nerals  of  pcrfons  of  note.    In  the  firft 
place,  all  the  people  of  the  village  meet, 
the  men  running  round  the  houfc  of  the  de- 
ceafed,  in  a  diftradted  manner,  howling  dil- 
nially  •,  and   the  women  fitting  about  theW/Jwai 
body,  e.ich  holding  a  few  banana  leaves,  to''"*""''' 
(hade  and  defend  it  from  the  heat  of  the 
fun,  tho'  it  h'-  cover'd  with  a  cloth  -,    they 
alio  ruling  their  voices  in  loud   cries  and 
fbrrowful  lament.itions,  during  iwenty-four 
hours.     On  the  day  appointCvt  to  bury  the 
corpli.',  they  all  renfjw  the  fune  cries  and 
nolle, elpecially  at  (he  time  of  living  it  into 
tiie  coffin,  which  is  generally  niailc  of  bul- 
ru flies -,  putting  into  it,  with  the  body,  all 
the   garments,    the  lirymeter,  j.ivelin,  and 
bugles,  of  the  dead    perfon.      When    the 
coffin  is  to  be  laid  in  the  grave,  which  i-i 
made  very  large,  they  compel  two  wretched 
Haves,  one  of  f ac  h  tux,  to  eat  the  riie  pre- 
pared ,ind  (Ircflcd  tor  them  ;  and  this  tliey 
mull   tlo,  though  bewailing  and  l.ini;  nting 
themfelves  in  a  millrable  manner,     'i'hcn 
they  put  them  both  into  a  hole,  made  on 
purpole  in  the  ground,  where  they  (land 
up  to  the  neck  in  the  earth  ;  and  after  re- 
peated cries  and  howling,   they  dtfire  the 
dead  corpfe,  (hut  up  in  the  coffin,  to  accept 
of  that  prelent  •,  which  (aid,  they  ehopolf 
the  heads  of  thcflaves,  and  lay  them  m  the 
gr.ave,  one  on  each  fide  of  the  colfin,  with 
(bur  kids,  or  (heep,  kiH'd  on  the  fpot,  pots 
of  rice,  and  others  of  palm-wine,  bananas, 
and  all  (bra  of  fruit  and  plants-,  irtieating 
M  m  the 


"i| 

'Alt 


1 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Tl 


(ki 


''::'H'1 


i:,i 


iSf; 


t   .!■ 


V, 


^1 


•  ■  r.11 


fij 


.  "  ■!■ 


n4 

Barbot.  the  dead  perfon  to  miike  ufc  ot  iliofc  pro- 
^^V^'  vifions,  if  lie  happens  to  be  hungry  or  thirlty 
on  his  journey  :  for  they  believe  death  to 
be  only  a  p.ilTige  into  anotlier  unknown, 
and  remr-r  country,  where  they  enjoy  all 
TfJIing.  manner  oi  "^leafures.  All  this  while  the 
company  make  much  noife, and  lamentation  •, 
which  is  foon  turn'd  into  joy,  when  they 
come  to  the  feail  prepared  againll  their  re- 
turn home,  where  they  eat  and  drink  mer- 
rily together,  at  tiieir  own  coll,  if  tiie  dc- 
ceafed  has  not  kft  futficient  effeds  to  defray 
the  expeiice.  If  any  ftranger  happens  to 
beat  fuch  a  treat,  he  muft  ofneceflity  make 
each  of  tiiein  a  prefcnt,  which  fometimes 
may  exceed  the  value  of  the  whole  enter 
tainment. 

It  is  the  cuftom  to  bury  all  perfons  where 
they  arc  born,  tho' they  die  at  ever  fo  great 
a  diftance  from  the  faid  place  i  the  charge 
of  the  carriage  being  defrayed  by  the  neigh- 
bours, if  tile  dead  perfon  has  not  left  enough 
for  it. 

Religion. 

T  One  day  difcourfed  with  a  heathen  black 
■'■  prieft  concerning  their  religion  ;  but  not 
underftanding  one  another  well,  I  could  not 
gather  enough  to  give  others  any  good  ac- 
Matry.  count :  only  this  I  obferved,  that  in  the 
main,  thty  are  grofs  ignorant  pagans.  For 
another  day,  as  I  was  walking  to  take  the 
air,  on  the  fouth  point  of  the  river,  about 
a  muflcet-fhot  from  the  village,  I  found  a 
fmall  hut,  cover'd  with  leaves,  in  which  I 
faw  an  imperfeft  ridiculous  figure,  of  a  dark- 
brown  clay,  railed  about  two  foot  high,  and 
as  big  as  a  man's  leg ;  rcprefcnting,  as  I 
fuppofed,  a  human  body,  to  which  all  the 
Bl'icks  rcforted  every  evening,  as  did  tlie 
kingalfo-,  wafliing  themfelves  in  the  river 
•  very  time,  and  th  n  kneeling,  or  lying 
quite  along  on  the  ground  before  it ;  and 
that,  as  I  afterwards  underftood,  was  tlie 
idol  of  the  village,  to  whicii  they  thus  paid 
their  daily  worfhip. 

It  was  a  cultom,  among  the  ancient  Gen- 
tilt'.',  to  fet  up  many  idols  on  the  high-ways, 
and  clfewliere  in  the  fields,  under  mean  (fails, 
thatch'd  over  or  othcrwife,  in  view  of  tia- 
vellcrsj  as  is  ftill  praftifed  by  the  people  of 
Loatigo,  and  others  in  the  Lower  Eihiofia, 
as  (hall  be  obferved  in  the  defcription  of  tiiat 
country  hereafter.  And  the  French  verCon 
of  the  bible,  in  the  palTiige  of  Lev.  26.  30. 
J  a,;'//  d^ftroy  \oiir  high  places  and  raze  your  la- 
hsmacUi,  &c.  takes  the  word  tabernacles  in 
the  plural,  for  thofe  foul  huts  or  ftalls  co- 
ver'd  over,  under  which  the  idolatrous  Ifra- 
e/itei,  in  imitation  of  the  pagans  living  a- 
mong  and  about  them,  were  ufed  to  expofe 
their  idols  in  the  open  country.  The  h'rtncb 
commentators  on  the  23d  chap,  of  the  2d  of 
A'.');^/,  on  the  7th  vcrf.,  ipcakingof  the  wo 


Book  If. 


men  nuntion'd  there,  who  wove  iiangings 
for  the  ('rove,  as  the  En^ajh  has  it ;  and 
the  i'remh,  tents,  in  lieu  of  han{^;ings  ;  tlie 
Hebrew,  houfes ;  ,md  ■.he  Loii-Diihh,  ht 
tlelioufesi  lay,  they  were  little  cliapels  in 
the  nature  of  niches  or  cloiets,  maile  by  thole 
women,  in  the  temple  of  Jerufalem,  in  the 
days  of  Jofiab,  of  a  fort  of  <titch'd  work  ; 
into  whirh,  the  idolaters  of  that  time  ufed 
to  put  their  little  images  or  idols :  and  fuch 
were  ihe  little  filver  temples  or  tabernacles 
of  Duma,  the  great  deity  of  the  Ei'hejiain, 
m-M\tiby  Demetrius,  /^//.  iy.24.  For  more 
of  tliele  little  houfes  or  hurs  about  the  high 
ways,  and  in  other  places,  I  refer  the  rcailer 
to  the  conclufion  of  the  lall  chapter  of  the 
third  book  of  this  defcription,  wiiere  is 
fliown  how  conformable  the  prafticcs  of  the 
ancient  Genttles  were  with  thofe  of  the 
modern,  as  proceeding  from  the  fame 
fource. 

Ocher  B!aiks  in  this  country  pay  religiousawt,,,,. 
worfliip  to  Ibme  rocks.  Handing  at  adiftance/'''>.A 
from  theafqrefaidhut,  and  rifing  above  the 
ground,  which  I  fuppofe  to  be  their  idols 
of  the  fea. 

Being  afliore,  on  a  funday,  to  make  my 
obfcrvationsjl  found  the  village  full  of  Blacks, 
come  from  the  neighbourhood,   all  of  them 
drefs'd  and  adorn'd  after  their  manner,  as 
were  thofe  of  the  village  ;  their  faces  daub'd 
with  blood,    and  powder'd  over  with  rice- 
meal,  which  is  a  confiderablc  embellifliment 
among  them.     Enquiring  what  this  con- 
courfe  was  for,  I  was  told,  they  were  met 
in  order  to  make  a  publick  l.urifice  of  the 
Saxdy-Letee,   that  is,  the  hen  of  the  alliance, 
totheiridol,  forfuccefs  in  their  bufinefsofthe 
next  day,  which  was  to  begin  fowing  of  the 
rice.     This  lacrifice  is  attended  with  dances 
befwe  the  idol  •,   but  thole  were  perform'd 
in  my  abfcnce,  no  ftr.ingtrs  being  aJlow'd  to 
be  prefeutat  them.     Two  days  after,  I  ob- ^-"'it.-i :■ 
ferv'd  in  the  village,  that  they  cut  and  broke  "  "■"'■'' 
down  an  orange-tree  to  about  three  foot  a- 
bove  the  ground.     To  tlie  trunk  were  made 
lall  two  poles  crofs-ways,  arid  at  the  top  of 
them  was  another  fmall  pole,   ty'd  with  a 
fmall  flick  to  it ;  at  which  hung  by  the  lcg> 
a  dead  chicken  or  hen,  dill  dropping  blood 
at  the  beak,    on  the  broken  flump  of  the 
orange-tree;  and  on  each  fide  of  the  heii, 
parcels  of  palm-tree   boughs  and    banana 
leaves,  jagged  all  round,    with  holts  thro' 
the  leaves,  cut  artificially,  and  ty'd  to  tlie 
crols  poles  both  above  and  below.    Some  ol 
them  inform'd  me,  that  the  orange-tree  cjC 
fliort,  as  has  been  laid,  was  the  idol,  and  th.: 
hen  its  food. 

The  Hebrezcs  ofiered  in  the  temple,  ;!t 
the  purification  of  women  of  the  poorer  lorr, 
a  pair  of  turtle-doves,  or  two  young  pigeorts 
and  for  le[vrs,  two  fparrow^, /.ra/.  12.  and 
14. 

The 


Book  II.  ■    Chap.  7.  CoaJlsofSoum-GviKEPi. 


IJT 


i.ingings 
it.;  uiiii 
gs  i  the 
ihl',  lit 
ipcK,  in 
by  tholi 
>i,  in  the 
,1  work  ; 
;ime  ulld 
and  luch 
bt-rnacks 
'il'befiarii. 
For  more 
I  the  high 
:hc  rciulc-r 
[cr  of  thi; 
where  is 
ces  ot  the 
e  of  the 
tlie    fiinie 

y  religious  a«tiT(T. 
:  a  i.iiftancey'"f  •' 

above  the 

their  iJols 

I  make  my 

II  oiBlacks, 
all  of  them 
manner,  as 
acesdaub'd 
r  with  ricc- 
be^i^ln^ent 
:  this  con- 
(  were  met 

ifice  of  the 

he  alliance, 

finefsofthe 

ving  of  the 

krith  dances 

jjcrform'd 

allow'd  to 
Ifter,  I  ob-S""';-" 

and  broke;;;".' 
lice  foot  a- 
Ivvcrc  made 

tlie  toi")  of 

'd  widi  a 
Iby  the  kg^ 
^)ing  blood 

Inp  of  the 
the  huri, 

td    banana 

loks  thru' 

'd  to  the 

Some  ot 

je-trce  cut 

tl,  and  th.; 

jinpk,    I't 

loorer  lort, 

;  pigeon'.  •, 

1,7.  li.ard 

The 


furijitn. 


dtiiiinii- 


jicam. 


The  Geiitileit  in  the  days  of  Socrates,  com- 
monly ficrificed  a  cock  to  Ejculapiui ;  and 
that  pliilofopher,  when  ready  to  expire,  af- 
ter he  had  drank  poifon,  is  (iiid  to  have 
charg'd  a  frienil  of  liis  to  remember  to  p.iy 
A  cock  to  Efculapiui. 

The  cock  was  alfo  facrificed  to  the  god- 
defs  of  the  night,  according  to  Owi/.  The 
E^yjtitiiis  facrificed  a  white  cock  to  Anubis, 
and  to  Ucrmnnubis  a  cock  of  a  fafi Von  colour. 
The  Ti-izciiiaiis,  as  Pait/aiiias  reports,  ap- 
pealed the  wintl  cali'd  Jfricus,  whicij  is  the 
fbuth-wift,  and  ufed  to  fpoil  their  vineyards 
and  corn,  with  a  cock.  T\vi  Eg\ptiuns(A- 
tiificed  a  goofe  to  Ijls ;  and  the  PheniAans 
(jiLiils  to  Hercules. 

Thefe  Btiicks  alfo  are  circumcifed  after  the 
m.uin.T  ot  the  Arabs  and  Moors  \  but  can 
give  no  other  realbn  for  it,  than  that  it  is  an 
ancient  cuflom  trani'mittcd  to  them  by  their 
aiicellors.  Perhaps  tiiefe  idolaters  may  be  of 
the  race  of  Ifnuid,  or  Rjliu,  froin  whom  pro- 
ceeded the  Ij'inihliie.',  Miuiiamtes,  Amalekites, 
Iilumcans,  and  Arabs  ;  or  of  feme  other 
children  of  y//'ra/.i(;«  by  his  concubines,  all 
which  were  circumcifed,but  foon  degenerated 
from  the  faith  and  piety  of  that  patriarch, 
and  became  grofs,  fuperftitious  idolaters, 
who  in  procefs  of  time  Ipread  all  over  Afrkk, 
dill  retaining  the  ceremony  of  circumcifion, 
as  a  diftinftive  mark  of  their  extraftion. 

The  priefts  in  this  country  are  look'd 
upon  as  able  phyficians,  being  well  fkill'd 
in  the  knowledge  of  herbs  and  plants,  which 
they  adminifter  where  there  is  occafion,  and 
are  theretbie  much  refpcfted.  So  the  in- 
h.'bitants  of  Horithi  pay  the  greatcft  honour 
to  their  priclls,  rall'd  7»"«w.  who  ,ire  Ibr- 
cerers,  and  pivdife  phyfick,  alter  their 
ni. inner,  as  alio  lurgcry.  The  fame  is  found 
in  Ncx-lraihc,    the  Aiitmoins  there  being 


priefts,  forccrers,  doftors,  apothecaries  and  Barhot 
furgeons.  Vd»v>^ 

Before  I  leave  Sejlro,  I  think  my  fclf  ob- 
liged to  warn  all  Europeans,  who  may  come 
hereafter  to  wood  and  water,    that  they 
avoid,    as   much  as    poflible,    eating  too 
much  of  the  fruit  of  the  country,  and  that 
they  drink  moderately  of  the  fpring-water ; 
which   together  with  the  hard   labour  ot 
felling  trees,  and  hewing  wood,  which  can 
not   be  well    done  witiiout  being  almofl 
naked,  and  the  intemperate  air  of  the  woody 
and  I'wampy  grounds,    will  at  all  times  of 
the  year,  but  erpecially  in  the  rainy  feafons, 
more  than  in  the  fummer,    foon  put  the 
llrongeft  conllitution  out  of  order,  by  cau- 
fing  at  firll  violent  head-aches,    attended 
with  vomiting,  and  pains  m  the  bones,  which 
turn  to  violent  fevers,  with  diftraftions  in 
the  brain,  and  in  a  few  days  prove  morta. 
I-'or  it  has  been  often  obferv'd,    that  of  a 
crew  of  thirty  or  forty  men  employ'd  on 
fliore,  to  I'upply  the  fliip  with  neceflaries, 
feveral  in  fix  or  eight  days  of  fuch  toil  and 
hard  labour  in  the  fcorthing  heats  of  the 
day,  have  fallen  fo  very  ill,  that  they  could 
not  recover  in  a  long  time  i  and  others  ac- 
tually died  in  a  few  days.     To  avoid  thefe 
Cafualties  as  much  as  poflible,  'tis  very  re- 
quifite  to  have  none  or  the  fliips  crew  lie  on 
fhore,  but  to  fetch  them  all  ofi^  every  night, 
and  every  morningearly  return  them  on  fhore 
to  do  the  neceffary  work  ;   and  there  fub- 
fift  them  with  the  fliips  provifions :  and  ra- 
ther than  fail   herein,    'tis  fafer  to  fpend 
ibme  more  days  about  their  bufincfs,    than 
thro'  too  much  halle  to  endanger  the  lives 
of  the  men,  by  too  violent  labour,  to  fhor 
ten  the  time  of  the  ftay  in  this  river  ;  which 
is   otherwife    accounted  one  of    the  moft 
healthful  places  of  the.  Gftwa  coaft  in  fum- 
mer time. 


CHAP.   vn. 


T/je  coajl  of  Malaguette  defcrib'd.     Its  feveral  villages  ',  the  natives, 
inclinations,  religion,  &c.  The  product  and  trade. 


their 


I  Am  now  to  defcribe  the  coaft  of  Ma- 
If^i'eitr,  by  tlie  En^^lijh  cali'd  the  pep- 
|>;'r-coaif,  and  by  the  Hollanders  the 
(heKukull  ;  accounting  it  to  extend  from 
liio  Hejtro,  more  properly  than  from  cape 
Mcrf,  as  tome  do,  to  Grouwa,  two  leagues 
eatl  of  cipc  dm  Palmas.  This  coaft  con- 
tains many  villages  along  the  fea-fide, 
at  which  there  is  commonly  a  prct'.y 
good  trade  of  elephants  teeth,  as  well  as 
pepper. 

Belbie  I  enter  upon  this  defcription,  it 
will  no:  be  iinproper  to  offer  fome  general 
oblervati'iii'.  relating  to  trade  and  navigation. 


The  Coast. 


/^Oming  out  from  Sejiro  road,  if  the  wind  Dlnaimi 
^  be  north-weft,  or  north-north-weft,  as /»'■/•''"'.?■ 
it  generally  is  there  ;  'tis  eafy  to  weather 
the  ridge  of  rocks  which  appear  above  water 
to  the  fouthward  of  the  eaft  point  of  this 
river ;  and  thus,  without  any  danger  to  fail 
along  the  coaft,  in  twelve  or  fifteen  fathom 
water,  about  a  league  from  land,  or  elfe 
two  leagues  out  at  fea,  in  thirty  and  thirty 
five  fathom  grey  fandy  ground,  niix'd  with 
fmall  ftones ;  the  land  low,  fometimcs  dou- 
ble, by  intervals  covered  all  over  with  lofty 
trees,  anchoring  every  evening,  and  firing  a 

gun 


I3(S 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  H. 


^M  I 


1': 


l.tii 


S.inpwin 


Barbot  gun  if  you  dcfign  to  trade  :  and  lying  thus 
^'V^  ;U  anchor  till  ten  a-clock  in  the  morning,  to 
gi-  J  the  Bl/iiks  time  to  come  out  in  their 
canoes,  in  cafe  they  have  any  goods  to  tr.ule  •, 
and  when  failing,  to  do  it  (lowly,  with  top- 
fails  half  up. 
Bitting  ef     The  coad  licsnorthweit  and  fomh-eaft  to 
''"  ""■;'•   Sfftro-Paris,  or  little  Scjlrn  ;    before  which 
place,  Ixing  about  four  leagues  from  ScHro 
river,  is  a  mountainous  long  rock,  on  which 
grows  a  higii  tree,  with  five  other  rocks  to 
the  louthward  of  it,  and  one  to  the  north- 
ward.    Tiie  Blacks  iiere  arc  generally  fillier- 
imn,  and  tlurc  is  little  or  no  trade.    About 
two  leagues  fart h.r  call  is  the  point,  call'd 
Baix'/.'-Sti-nio,  running  out  into  the  fv.i;  and 
nar  it  is  a  great  rock  clofer  to  the  land, 
which  IS  white  at  the  top  1  and  at  a  dillancc 
wiftward  at  fea  looks  like  a  I'ail,  cafily  feen 
from  S,;lro  road,  in  clear  weather.     A  little 
bjlow   this  rock    is    the  village    Sang-xiii. 
(l.inding    on  the  mouth  of  the    river    of 
that  name;    wliich   falls   into  the  fea   at 
fou'h-lbuth-eall,  anil  will  carry  fmall  lliips 
twelve    leagues   up,    tho'    its    entrance   is 
very    narrow.      I  he  banks  of    this    river 
.u  e  covered  with  fine  high  trees.     The  vil- 
l.ige  contains  about   one  hundred   houfes. 
The  /t«','/(/Z»  had  a  fcttlement  there  formerly  j 
but  abandon'd  ir,  becaiifc  of  the  ill-temper 
of  the   Blacks.     The  king  is  tributary   to 
him  of  Rio  ^ejlro  ;  he  commonly  wears  a 
blue  Moor'ijh  frock,  and  goes  often  aboat 
the  (hip;  in  the  road.     Formerly  the  Dutc. 
and  Poriiigueze  drove  a  great  trade  of  ele- 
phants teeth  and  pepper  there  %  but  of  late 
the  HLiiks  have   lb  extravagantly  atlvanccd 
the  prices  of  their  goods,  that  here,  as  well 
as  ,it  all  other  places  along  this  and  other 
coalls  of  Guiuciu    tli'^re  is  little  to  he  done 
to  any  advantage.    Befide.s,  fo  many   (hips 
continually  relort  thither,  that  the  tr.ide  is 
quite  (poilt.     In  cafe  ot  n  cclTuy,  Sangivin 
is  a  convenient  place  for  wooding  and  wa- 
tering, and  to  buy  provlfions. 

5  (,'/}/,  Bot'o',  or  Bo  foil,  is  a  village  about 
a  league  and  half  eaft  ot  SangKiii,  where 
there  is  fome  little  trade  for  elephants  teeth, 
but  much  more  tor  pepper.  'I'his  place  is 
eafily  known  by  a  plain  fandy  point,  cn- 
viron'd  with  large  and  fmall  rocks ;  fome 
of  the  Blacks  here  fpeak  a  little  Poituguezc, 
or  Lingua  Franca. 

Sturm,  or  Serres,  is  again  about  two 
leagues  caft  of  Bofiii,  having  fome  rocks  out 
at  tea  on  the  call  point,  and  a  good  trade 
for  ivory  and  pepper 

Taje,  or  Dajjli,  another  village,  is  not  far 
from  it ;  and  next  Bjitiwa,  another  Town 
fituate  eallward  on  the  thore  ;  eafily  known 
by  two  yreat  rocks,  the  one  appearing 
out  at  fe.i,  about  two  h'.n^iijh  miles  weft  of 
it,  by  the  P(.r\gue'ec.\\Vi.\  Caho  do  Sino;  and 
another  about  lour  miles  ealV  of  thj  town  : 


.*•■•■  crna 


as  likrwife  by  feveral  high  hills  beyond  it. 
Here  is  ab'indaiice  of  maneguctte  or  pepper, 
which  the  Blacks  exch.ingc  for  blue  Perjc- 
tiianas,  pewter  bafoas,  iron  bars,  and  Jin- 
nahiffes. 

'I  he  Blacks  ufually  come  aboard  (hip  to 
traffick  1  they  are  dexterous  thieves,  and 
ought  to  be  well  look'd  to,  in  dealing  with 
them  ;  for  they  will  never  pay  for  what  they 
buy,  if  they  can  avoid  it.  They  (ecm  to 
be  much  addifted  to  women,  for  all  their 
t.ilk  when  ilifcourfing  with  Itrangcis  tends 
that  way. 

The  village  .Sino  lies  fouth-caft  from  Bo!-  Su.ji, 
lo-iiia,  about  a  league  and  a  halfdillant,  and'-'i'- 
dillinguilliable  by  a  great  rock,  on  .1  t'antl 
point,  running  out  a  little  to  lea.    Behind 
wliieh,  is  a  large  fine  river,  coming  from  fai 
up  the  country,    as  the  Bl.icks  report,  .md 
not  much  interior  to  that  of  Sc/tro. 

The  village  of  Souwcrabot  or  .S'dir^ia;/,  Souwa; 
is  farther  on  to  the  Ibuth-catl,  a  league  from  ^  '■''■ 
Siim.    'I'hat  of  ScjJrn-Cron,  five  leagues  from  ^•^,''  '"* 
Sabrehoii,  is  a  large  beautiful  village.    Thecrou" 
place  is  eafily  known  by  a  head  or  cape, 
of  three  black  hills  together,  planted  with 
trees,  which  from  a  dittance  at  fea  look  like 
marts  of  (hips  -,    the  cape  or  point  being 
encompafTed  with  rocks,  lome  of  which  run 
a  little  out    to  fea  :    as   likewife  by  two 
fjeu  rocks  on  the  (horc,  about  two  EngHjh 
"'s  cliftant  from  each  other  i    the  land 
2  low  and  flat. 

en:  is  good  watering,  in  cafe  of  ncccf- 
iity,  m  the  bulging  of  the  fliore,  which 
(hews  like  a  little  bay. 

'I'he  village  ITappoii  or  IVapjo,  is  five\j.3p,^ 
leagues  from  .sV/Pro-CVott,  fituate  on  a  little  ii...i'r. 
river,  antl  may  be  known  by  a  ridge  of  absut 
twenty  or  more  high  llraggliiig  trees,  wha  li 
ap^iear  on  a  flat  long  high  ground,  beyond 
the  fliore  ■,  at  the  end  whereot  ttill  farther  in- 
land, .ire  five  palm  trees,  as  alii)  a  very 
flat  ifland,  or  rock,  near  the  coatl,  if  not 
joining  to  it,  enviioneil  with  other  fmall 
ones.  And  ibmewhat  further  in, by  the  Ihore, 
are  two  other  rocks,  one  of  which  is  white 
at  the  top,  with  the  dung  of  many  fea-gulK 
or  birds,  wlfkh  conftantly  play  about  it. 
The  other  rock  is  very  near  the  fliore  on 
the  l.uboard  fide,  going  into  the  river.  At 
the  vilLige  within  this  river,  as  well  .is  at 
Botoiva  and  Hejlro  Crou.,  the  clcpliants  teeth 
are  commonly  large. 

The  cctuntry  abounds  in  mancguettc, 
which  they  commonly  carry  aboard  (hips  in 
the  ro.id,  in  great  large  bull-rufli  baflvets, 
made  in  the  (brm  of  fugar-loaves. 

Thefe  places  being  very  populous,  many 
canoes  come  out  from  them  aboard  the  (hips. 
The  natives  of  If^ap/o  will,  in  cafe  of  ne- 
ct(rity,  and  (or  a  fmall  matter,  lupplyany 
(breign  fliij)  widi  very  fwect  frefli  water, 
from  about  their  village. 

Dn.' 


SOOK  II. 


^ml  it. 

Pe>!c- 
id  /III- 

(hip  to 
:s,  ■.iniJ 
ig  witli 
At  ihi-y 
I'cm  to 
ill  their 
s  tends 

vnt,  Ana'-'i' 
1  ,1  land- 
Bthina 
from  l.u 
ort,  .mil 

^abreboii,  Souwct; 
luc  from^'*-''- 

5       f  /jff,  And 

gf.  IhfCrou 
or  cape, 
ited  with 
look  like 
nt  being 
vhich  run 
;  by  two 

»o  kn^a/b 

the  land 

:  of  nccef- 
[e,   which 

is  fivevi'ippo. 

a  little  ii:.'.i;. 
;  ot  about 

,  wiAh 

beyond 
I'arther  in- 
.1  very 

,  if  noi 
K-r  I'mall 
the  Ihore, 
i\  is  white 

lea-feulK 
abouL  it. 

fliorc  on 
ivcr.     At 

L-11  .u,  a; 
ants  teeth 


« 


incguettr, 
•d  lliips  in 
baikets, 


s, 
us. 


many 
the  (hips. 
I.ii'e  of  ne- 
lupply  any 
Ifli  water, 


wfW 

1 '   • ' 

1  '     ; 

'    '^fc" 

'j-i 

1 

1 

1 

•hi 

'  I 


J'  'Ti 


i^ 


if 


•!  ■  l". 


J- J  i! 


>:.jji 


^11? 


I,: 


'ff&[ 


I 


1$ 


I 


11  ^ 

ill  ' 

M^H 


t  i  W. 


ifi 


\f\ 


'\mi 


Chap." 

Niiluii/    twfc 

th.i( 
lil(y 
Tl 

Ml  CIH 

tionii 
ar.  im 
oiIkt 
tlifir  i 
iinyt;n 
tlii'ir 
(V.irci' 
iiiikIi  I 
iiunis 

'J'hr 
ul  lilli 
KoM  >. 

TIk- 

.V(v//tf  / 

bcin;;  .1 

aixl.it  I 
(ir.ii 
lull    to 
touncl  (I 
norih-\V( 
coall, 
the  land. 
The  L 
name  of 
I  ol)l(.'rvi.' 
A'.vd  ks, 
their  cam 
the  A'crw 
pinjj;   han 

''   /;'7V  <('( 

.ihuiidanc( 
try. 

'The  /•> 
name  of  A" 
ot  its  grci 
tDwns,  aiv 
iiiul  even  G 
/''/•/'•  the 
tiieirtrailc 
an.l  iv(iry, 
IkIoic  the 
Lurries   ai 

/?'.;cv..  ofth 
worJs  .nnd 
liaml  to  hai 

The  Pa, 
in.i.nd,  in  tl 
;;)!  the  G«i 
llvcral  plac 
hoiii  this  ai 
for  many  yi 

From  Gr, 
or  GoydHt; 
•i'hI  four  It'a] 

VOL.V. 


CiiAr.7-         Coajlt  of  South-Guinea. 


137 


I  C'llMTJ 


PtOi'  .itui  A'///u,  two  other  villages  .irc  bc- 
fwi'i'H  U'lipi'o  anil  CrAnii  Aijlro  \  tlicy  pro- 
iluce  abiinii.iniT  of  iii.inigucttc.arui  To  i  heap, 
tli.it  I  purfiiarni  at  Droi',  throe  liumircil  anil 
I'lliy  poiinil  t()r(>ne  h.ii  ot  iron. 

Tbi'  /)'/..'.  vi  about  ll'.ip/n,  anil  parts  ail- 
lucnt,  .iri"  rnor'- tr.iiflabic  ami  better  condi- 
tiontii  than  tiiolt-  farther  weft  :  however,  they 
ar.  impominati'  iiiounh,  as  will  as  all  the 
(uIrt /y/.(i(jol  tlif  peppcr-coaft,  in  bcgj^ing 
thiir  D.iJ/'i,  or  pri lint,  brtbre  they  deal  fgr 
anyi-'.onilsi  and  it's  viry  ditruult  togct  ridol 
tlicir  iinporttinitiis.  I'heir  lanj',u.n;c  ran 
liirccl),  im  icritood.  The  country  protliues 
iiuK  h  the  lame  Ibrfi  of  provil'ions  andrttri.fli- 
Mvnts  a>  at  Sr:lrj  and  otiur  plaits. 

'I'Ik'  lea  all  al()n^5  alVords  j'^cat  variety 
ot  lillu  little  diltiring  Ironi  that  on  the 
j^old  coall,  of  which  I  Ihall  (peak  in  its 
proper  place. 

Iho  coall  from  If'arfo  to  Grand  S-ftro,  or 
S:,liu  Par.i,  llretihes  louthead  by  louth, 
hcinj^  a  larj^e  village  on  the  Rio  iLii  hfrnvos. 
The  tidr,  at  low  i  bb, carries  alon^  the  (hore ; 
and  at  lea,  on  the  return  ot   Hood. 

(ir.inj  Sijlrri  is  about  two  Itaj^ucs  and  a 
halt  to  the  louth-ca(l  ot  D>o,-  -,  and  tafily 
tound  out,  by  a  rock  appearing  on  the 
nortli-will  ot  ir,  and  by  a  cut  in  the 
toall,  over  whicii  arc  three  palm-trees  up 
tlie  land. 

The  Diitih  c.ill  ii  Balliijts-botck,  from  a 
name  of  a  Bi\uk  who  (i)rnvrly  lived  there. 
I  oblerved,  that  Ionic  of  the  Grand  Sejlro 
fHacki,  when  they  came  near  the  fhip  in 
their  canoes,  did  utter  Ibme  French  words  in 
the  A'orwrt/;diale(Jl,  crying  aloud,  and  clap- 
pin;!;  hands,  Makgiicflr,  lout  flrin,  male- 
^u-lli:  Icii!  jlein,  tint  [lein,  tout  p'.ein,  lant 
.(  t-'noc  m.>!c;Hittc;  to  fignity  they  had 
abundance  ot  6/(i;;c;i-p?pper  in  the  coun- 
try. 

I'hc  French  vi^  Du'! [-r  \^3.\z  this  town  the 
name  of  Se  Iro  P.jris  in  lormer  ages,  bccaulc 
of  Its  greatnels  ;  being  one  of  the  largell 
towns,  .iiul  the  molt  populous  of  this  coatt, 
iind  even  of  all  Guinea.  The  adventurers  of 
/ir/y.  there  h.'.d  a  lettlemenc  for  carrying  on 
t  licir  trade  with  the  natives,  forG«;Av'rt- pepper 
an.l  ivory,  whiehare  both  very  plenty,  long 
Intoie  the  Eajl-lndia  pepper  was  known  in 
l.:i'i!c\  and  'tis  probable  enough  that  the 
/)  ack-  of  thole  times  tranfmitted  tome  French 
words  and  plirafes,  to  their  pofterity,  from 
hand  to  hand,  until  this  day. 

Tiie  Puriuguefe  having  conquer'd  Princes 
idind,  m  ihe  Highi  of  Guinea,  did  over-run 
all  the  Guinea  coafts,  fettling  taftories  at 
Icveral  places,  and  drove  away  the  French 
from  this  and  other  ports  they  nad  poffcfs'd 
tor  many  years  before. 

From  Grand  Seflro,  to  the  village  Goyava, 
or  Goyane,    is  three    leagues  and  a  half-, 
and  four  leagues  more  from  Gosava,  to  that 
Vo  L.  V. 


oiGarw.ii,  all  low  land,  and  tli  ncctocapcR^iHKT. 
dai   Patmai  two  leagues.    This  vill.ige  is^O^^ 
eafily  known,  by  a  rounil  mountain,  which  J"',"*'," 
api)ears  at  a  great  dill.mce  up  the  country  •,  Fiinrn. 
and  by  a  river  not  navigable  ti)rnoops,call'J 
by  the  Portuiuefc,  liiude  St.Clemente,  which 
runs  along  me  coall  inland  -,   on  the  fouth 
fide  whereof,  is  a  fmall  vill.ige,  or  hamlet, 
where  there  is  good  fretli  water  to  be   lad 
on  01  cafion,  as  well  as  at  Sejlre  Parti.  T  lere 
is  all(»ivory  and  Guinta-\K^^t  <.o  be  pur- 
chafed. 

'I'he  coall  runs  fouth-eall  ,ind  by  louth 
with  Ihoals,  and  breakings,  three  league* 
out  at  k,\. 

Cipe  Pafin  Ireef,  or  Caho  dm  Piilmas, 
by  the  aneii  nts,  D-'irum  Currui,  has  this 
n.une  from  f'vcral  palm-trees  to  be  fecnon 
tile  land  in  moll  places,  but  efpccially  near 
tiie  fliorc,  and  on  the  two  hills  ihat  form  the 
cape.  This  cipe  is  exadly  in  four  degr. 
fifty  niin.  ot  north  l.ititude. 

l?i  hind  the  laix;  is  a  bulging  in  the  coad, 
w  hu  h  is  a  good  Ibt  Iter  lor  fhi|)s  againft  the 
l()iitherly  winds.  On  the  call,  about  a  league 
trom  it,  is  a  great  rock  jull  by  the  fhore  j 
and  trom  the  point  of  tiie  cape  runs  a  ridge 
of  llioals,  or  a  chain  of  fmall  rocks,  even 
with  the  fe.i,  flretching  out  a  league  into  fca, 
at  fouth-to  'fh-eaft,  where  (liips  in  former 
times  have  been  cart  away  ;  with  another 
bank,  two  leagues  farther  out  to  fea,  about 
which  the  tide  runs  very  fwift  at  eaft,  in 
nine  or  ten  fathom  water. 

To  avoid  thefe  banks,  wc  liiiled  from  be- 
fore G'o^iiw^-atiove-mcntioned,  direding  the 
courfe  louth  and  fouth  by  eaft  for  tour  leagues, 
the  better  to  weather  them,  till  wc  came 
into  thirty  five  fathom  water-,  and  then  wc 
lleer'd  eaft  and  e.ift-north-eart,  and  thus 
came  to  anchor  before  GroWii,  :.  villigc^jrowa 
two  leagues  e.ift  from  cape  Pa'in-irccs, xUU^r. 
where  the  pepper  coaft  ends,  according  to 
the  general  acceptation. 

The  ALinegurlie,  or  pepper  coaft,  in  gc-  sicklyecitji. 
neral,  extends  from  Rio  Srjlro  to  Grow.i, 
about  fifty  five  leagues,  being  generally  low 
flat  land  •,  and  the  foil  of  the  country,  clam- 
my, tat,  all  over  woody,  and  water'd  by 
leveral  rivers  and  brooks :  wiiich  caufe  liich 
a  malignicy  in  the  air,  that  tew  Euro'cans 
can  m  il;e  any  ftay  without  danger  of  fal- 
ling into  malignant  leveri,  ot  which  m.uiy 
have  died.  This  bad  air,  is  yet  more  per- 
nicious about  cape  Palm-lrte>,  being  even 
felt  four  leagues  otfat  fea,  as  many  perfuns 
have  found  by  experience  •,  for  IbmetiineS 
it  carries  a  perfedt  ftink  with  it,  when  the 
weather  is  fomewhat  foggy. 

The  language  of  the  Blacks  of  this  coaft  jhi  n». 
cannot  be  underftood  at  all,    and  'tis  byiiw- 
figns  and  geftures,  that  the  trade  is  carried 
on   with  them.     They  are  generally  well- 
(haped,  and  of  a  pretty  good  phyfiognomy. 
N  n  They 


m 


ri! 


Mi 

'  I'liil 

I'l"; 


!l 


■!    ;l* 


•Tifj 


|0    ■, 


i.^'l's; 


't!i 


'I.3.- 


T'1'3 


,.•-  r 


I  [':!?'' 


138 


y^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  II. 


Hundi- 


FreJucl. 


Barhot. They  wear  only  a  fingle  clout  about  their 

^•^y^^  miJdle,    and  many  of  thc-ni  have  broken 

bellies.     I  obferv'd  one  amongft  the  reft, 

whofe  rupture  was  fuch,   that  his  fcrotum 

hung  down  to  his  knees. 

They  are  a  ftrong,  fturdy,  laborious  fort 
of  tnen,  When  they  happen  to  meet  from 
feveral  different  places  aboard  fliip  ;  they 
take  one  another  by  the  arms,  near  to  the 
IhouKiers,  laying  Toma,  and  letting  the 
han's  fill  to  the  elbows,  Toua  ;  then  take 
one  anotiier's  fingers,  as  thofe  at  Sejlro,  and 
(iiap  them,  uttering  thefe  words,  Enfane- 
mnte,  Enfammatc  ;  i\\d.l\s,  tii-j  friend  how  do 
you  do  ? 

They  have  pretty  good  black-fmiths  a- 
mong  them,  who  know  how  to  harden  and 
temper  weapons,  knives,  i^c.  Others  make 
fine  large  and  fmall  canoes,  which  they  fit  and 
adorn  very  neatly.  They  are  alfo  very  good 
husbandnun  to  iinprove  their  lands,  for  rice, 
niillec,  anJ  maneguette  ;  which  is  their  chief 
dependence,  both  for  food  and  trade. 

The  country  in  general  has  plenty  of  peas, 
beans,  pompions,  lemons,  oranges,  bac- 
chos,  bananas,  and  a  fo.  of  nuts,  the  fhell 
very  thick,  and  all  of  a  round  piece,  with- 
out any  pee!  within,  as  our  European  nuts 
have,  wliich  eat  very  lufcious  and  fweet. 

They  have  likewife  abundance  of  cattle, 
goats,  hogs,  chickens,  and  many  other  forts 
of  fowls,  and  very  cheap.  Their  palm-wine 
is  excellent,  as  are  likewife  the  dates,  which 
they  are  very  fond  of. 

They  are  very  inicmpenrp  nnd  luxurious 
to  exeefs,  always  talking  of  their  fport  witli 
women.  'Tis  reported,  as  a  truth,  that  fome 
RLicki  are  fo  brutal  and  lewd,  as  to  prOilitute 
their  wives  to  their  own  Ions  i  and  not  only 
boafl  of,  but  even  laugh  at  it,  when  repri- 
manded by  Eurc/'CiVi^  for  fucii  abominable 
incelhiouspraftires,  laying,  it  is  but  a  trifle. 
I'very  man  takes  as  many  women  .is  he  can 
well  maintain. 

They  are  of  a  pilfering  temper,  and  will 
fteal  any  thing  they  can  well  come  at  from 
llrangers  even  aboard  Ihips,  and  muft  be 
Will  obf:rved,  and  nothing  le*"t  in  their 
way-,  either  of  eatables  or  goods,  nay  even 
riiliy  knives,   or  crooked  broken  nails,  any 


thing  ferving  their  turn. 


They  are  alfo  great  mumpers,  and  fo  in-  B'W".!: 
tolerable  in  that  way,  of  begging  for  a  Diiffj,  '"•'  '"•>'■<■ 
that  is,  a  Prefent,  that  it  is  not  the  bufinefs  of  "^' 
a  large  ftiip  to  make  any  ftay  on  the  coaft : 
fmalToncs  are  only  proper  to  drive  a  coafting 
trade  with  them. 

Their  7'aba  or  Taha-Seyle,  and  by  others 
Faho-Seyle,  that  is,  their  kings,  are  very  ar- 
bitrary ,  having  an  abfolute  authority  over 
the  people,  and  the  people  paying  great  fub 
million  to  them.  Thefe  kings  go  about 
with  much  gravity  and  feeming  (late. 

Tjiey  are  grofs  Pagans,  praying  to  their 
Gri^ri  or  idols,  and  to  dead  men,  to  grant 
them  a  good,  peaceful,  and  holy  lite  in  this 
world  i  and  falute  the  new-moon  with  plays, 
foDgj,  and  dances  i  and  are  rtrangely  addided 
to  forcery  and  divination. 

The  beft  and  fitteft  time  to  drive  the 
coafting  trade,  is  in  the  months  of  K'/Tarfr)', 
Alarch,  and  Jpril.  The  (outh  fouth-eaft 
winds  begin  to  blow  on  this  coaft  in  May, 
and  bring  the  Tornados,  ttormy  weather, 
and  great  rains,  generally  attended  with 
lightning  and  dreadful  thunder. 

As  to  the  particular  defcription  of  the 
Guinea- Pepper,  and  the  trade  thereof,  and 
at  what  time,  I  refer  to  what  has  been  laid  of 
it  in  the  fixth  chapter. 

Thisfort  of  pepper  being  now  little  ufed 
in  Europe,  the  trade  of  it  is  inconfiderable  1 
fo  that  moft  of  the  (hips  thai  ply  upon  this 
coaft  every  year,  look  chiefly  for  elephants 
teeth  ;  of  which  the  Englijh  and  Diilch  get 
the  largeft  fliare :  the  Negroes  paying 
much  civility  to  both  nations,  but  cfpecially 
to  the  Englijh.  They  have  alfo  a  great  kind- 
ncfs  for  the  French,  as  being  the  firft  people 
of  Europe  that  frequented  them,  as  1  have 
faid  before. 

Marmot,  chap,  xxiii.  fays,  that  before  the 
coming  of  the  Portuguefe  to  this  coaft  o^ Ma- 
laguelte,  the  merchants  of  Barbary  repaired 
thither  to  fetch  off  this  pepper  ;  travcrfing 
the  whole  km<^<iom  0^ Mandinga  in  Nigritia, 
and  the  country  commonly  called  Guinea, 
i.  e.  Genehoa,  and  the  L\l>ian  D'firts  -,  and 
from  liarbary,  fome  quantity  of  that  fpice  was 
tranlported  into  Italy,  wherr  it  was  called 
Grains  of  Paradife,  becaufe  its  origin  was 
unknown  there. 


CHAP.     VIII. 


Of  thi  ivory-coajt  i  villages  on  it.    St.  Andic^'s  riven  bottomlefspit. 

Jiruiiions  for  failing.,  &c. 


In- 


Dhifim  f/T~'HE Diiii/j  and  French  reckon  the  Tand- 
ilitcMjl,  _|^  kuji  or  Ivory-Cnaft,  trom  Growa,  two 
\c.\a,\\cs.i:.\f\.  of  cx'ptPd'.m-trees  toRio  de  Sweiro 
da  Cojla,  where  the  Gold-Coajl  may  properly 
be  faid  to  begin  v  and  divide  that  coaft  into 
three  parts  •,  IvoryCoaJi,  Malegenlei-Coajl, 


and  Sluaqua-Coajl :  after  the  Portuguefe  man- 
ner, accounting  the  Ivory-Coaft,  from  Gro- 
wn to  the  river  St,  Andrew,  running  nortli- 
caft  and  fouth-weft ;  that  ofMalegentes,  from 
St.  ./f«</r(rw's  river,  to  Rio  Lagos,  lying  weft 
fouth-wcft,  to  caft  north-eaft ;  and  that  of 

^aqiiti, 


Book  II.   I    Chap.  8. 


Coajis  o/South-GuineA. 


^9 


I  I'll. 


li.-.oe. 

D:uyn- 
I'rryii/' 


(^iiqiia,  from  ^/o  Lfljoj  to  Rio  de  Sweiro 
lb  Coda,  ftretcliing  from  weft  north-weft  to 
call  fouth-eaft.  Of  all  which  coafts  I  will 
.rive  t\\v  bcrt  account  I  am  able,  the  natives 
being  fo  rude,  that  few  Europeans  dare  go 
a  (here. 

Villages  on  the  Coast. 

ALIj  this  traft  of  land,  in  antient  geogra- 
phy, was  called  the  Aganginte  j^tbiopts. 
It  is  generally  pretty  full  of  villages  and  ham- 
Kts  on  the  lea-ftiore,  but  I  will  take  notice 
only  of  the  principal  and  moft  known  to  us. 
Tiiba-Dune,  the  next  village  after  Groii-a, 
is  known  by  a  large  green  cape  or  head 
near  it  i  the  country  all  woody,  as  well  a:  the 
cape.  The  tides  commonly  let  eaft  north- 
call,  tho*  at  fome  other  times,  fiowly  to 
touch  and  fouthwcft  ;  but  this  is  fcldom. 

Taho^  which  is  ten  leagues  eaft  of  Tabo- 
Bune,  may  be  cafily  known  from  fca,  by 
the  great  rock  that  appears  at  a  good  di- 
il.ince,  on  the  weft  of  the  village,  about  a 
league  and  a  half.  The  cape  near  the  vil- 
lige,  is  covered  with  high,  large,  ftrag- 
gling  trees.  The  road  before  tabo  has  eigh- 
teen or  twenty  fathom  water. 

There  is  a  fmall  river  in  a  brake,  near  the 
village,  called  by  the  Portuguefe,  Rio  de  S. 
Pedro  ;  weft  of  which,  are  fome  hills,  by 
them  alio  named  Serra  de  Santa  Apolonia. 

Pelry  or  Petkro,  another  village  two 
leagues  flirther  eaft  from  ^/ibn,  may  be 
known  by  the  rock  which  appears  not  far 
from  it. 
Taboe,  two  leagues  again  eaft  of  Petry. 
Berby,  another  village,  .ippears  on  the 
alcent  of  a  hill,  two  leagues  beyond 
Petry. 

Druyn-Pelry  is  near  the  nverof.^t. Andrew. 
'Tis  cafily  known,  fome  houfcs  appearing 
plain  from  lea,  on  a  high  ground  near  the 
Ihore,  with  feveral  high  ftraggling  trees  on 
the  cape  weft  of  them  ;  and  by  four  favana's 
or  plains,  lying  weft  of  it,  about  a  league  or 
more,  on  the  Ihore,  among  the  woods  that 
cover  it.  The  Portttguefe  call  that  cape, 
Cabo  da  Pra\nba,  that  is,  the  cape  of  the 
I.illle  Strand.  The  town  ftands  in  an  idand 
in  the  river,  which  comes  from  the  north,  be- 
tween ridges  of  hills ;  behind  which,  are  very 
plcafant  meadows  and  pafture-grounds.  Bc- 
fides  the  town,  there  are  three  villages,  each 
half  a  league  from  the  other,  abounding  in 
cows  and  other  cattle. 

The  Black i  here,  are  the  greatcft  favages 
of  thiscoaft;  and  faid  to  eat  human  flefti. 
They  take  great  pride  in  pointing  their  teeth 
as  ftiarp  as  needles  or  awls,  by  filing  them 
often  with  proper  files.  I  would  not  advife 
any  perlon  to  fet  foot  alhore  here.  The 
Blacks,  in  their  canoes, commonly  bring  large 
parcels  of  teeth  aboard  ftiips  in  the  roadi 


but  hold  them  fo  dear,  tlut  the  purchafe  willBAP."-)  r. 
afford  no  great  profit.  ^"^"V^. 

They  are  generally  covetous,  begging, 
befides  their  Daffy,  any  thing  they  fee,  and 
will  be  very  angry  when  denied  it.  They 
are  fo  fufpicious  or  timorous,  that  if  they 
happen  to  hear  any  noife  more  than  ordinary 
aboard  (hip,  or  be  harfhly  fpoken  to ;  they 
immediately  leap  over  board  on  all  fides,  one 
after  another,  fwimming  to  their  canoes: 
which  they  commonly  keep  plying  with 
fome  of  their  men,  at  a  fmall  diftance  from 
the  (hip,  and  thus  make  to  land;  fo  that  it 
is  very  difficult  to  trade  with  them. 

St.  Andrew's  River. 

TpHE  river  of  St.  Andrew   is  about  a 

*    league  and  a  half  eaft  north-eaft,  from 

Druyn-Petry,  where  the  land  grows  into  a 

large  hc.id  or  cape. 

This  river  divides  itfelf  into  twobranchcs.  River 
the  one  running  nortn-weft  and  by  weft,  the *'■*"''''"■ 
other  eaft  fouth-caft.  It  is  navigable  for  fnuU 
fliips,  four  leagues  up  the  country,  the  wa- 
ter being  deep  and  the  channel  wide,  tho'  at 
fome  times  of  the  fummer  feafon,  as  when 
we  lay  there  at  anchor,  it  is  fliallow  at  the 
entrance,  being  fo  choak'd  with  a  bar  of 
fand,  that  our  boat  could  not  get  in,  for  the 
breaking  of  the  fea.    The  mouth  of  this  ri-  ttn'mfuU. 
ver  looks  fouth-eaft,  having  a  high  round 
cape  on  the  larboard- fide,  and  to  the  weft- 
ward  is  a  tree  by  itfelf.    This  cape  appears 
from  the  road  like  a  great  high  rock,  on  the 
fliore,  very  fteep  toward":  the  fouili  ..nd  eaft 
fides,  having  belides  feveral  fmall  rocks  a- 
bout  it,  both  above  and  under  water,  which 
can  only  be  approached  to  go  adiore  tiom  the 
rivcr-fide.The  flat  or  beach  of  the  pcninfiila  is 
not  above  twenty  paces  broad, from  the  river 
to  the  fea  ;  whence  the  ground  rifes  gradually 
towards  the  fouth,  forming  the  promontory  ; 
on  the  top  of  which,    the  ground  is  level, 
making  a  platform  of  about  three  hundred 
paces  circumference,  which  commands  the 
oppofite  land  :  and  thence  are  fecn  two  vil- 
lages, Giron  eaftward,  on  the  fide  of  a  mea- 
dow, and  Little  'fabo  weltward,  on  the  bor- 
ders of  a  heath  or  common,    planted  here 
and  there  with  trees,  and  terminates  at  the 
foot  of  large  mountains. 

Our  men,  who  were  fent  adiore  here  for 
w.iter,  well  armed,  and  in  good  number, 
landed  on  the  weft-fide  of  this  peninfula,  and 
rolled  their  casks  over  it,  to  fill  them  with 
the  water  of  the  river,  and  returned  them 
full  the  fame  way  to  tiie  boat,  with  preci- 
pitation,  feeing  feveral  canoes  full  of  armed 
Blacks,  coming  down  the  river,  with  all  tiie 
fpecd  they  could,  in  order,  as  it  is  probable, 
to  aflfault  them  •,  thefe  Blacks  being  great 
bloody  favages.  The  water  they  brouglu 
was  brackifti,  being  taken  up  too  near  the 

mouth 


bm 


'if'.;'-  i|;i- 

i 


140 

Baruot.  mouth  of  the  river,  and  we  not  knowing 
^^V^^  that  there  was  w  fpring  of  fre/h  fweet  water, 
at  the  foot  of  the  hill,  oppofite  to  the  pro- 
montory, about  half  gun-lhot  di(tant. 

The  river  looks  very  picafam,  the  banks 
being  bordered  all  along  with  fine  large  trees, 
and  fpacious  meadows.  The  country  affords 
great  plenty  of  Millet,  Ignamts,  Bananas, 
fi^s,Oxeii,Cowi,  Sb,u'p,Poullry\  and  in  fliort, 
whatever  the  Ma!,'gu  •■  Coaft  produces  for 
the  fupport  of  lite :  but  the  favage,  briitifh 
temper  of  the  natives  will  not  allow  them  to 
lell  any  to  Itrangers,  unlefs  at  a  very  dear 
rate,  and  not  ot  the  bed. 

This  place  miL'Jit  yield  a  good  trade,  were 
it  not  tor  rhe  rudinels  and  barbarity  of  the 
Biuks ;  who  have  at  feveral  times  maflacred 
a  great  number  oi' Forli<gitefe,D;/lcb,zndEng- 
Hii.\  that  came  for  provifions,  and  to  water, 
not  thinking  of  any  treachery.  An  Englijh 
lliip  in  1(77,  loft  three  of  its  men;  not 
many  yea  IS  fince,  a  Hollandtr  fourteen;  and 
in  167S,  a  Poriiigueji  nine  men;  of  whom 
nothing  was  ever  lieard  fince.  'Tis  from  the 
bloody  temper  of  thele  brutes,  that  the  Por- 
//(fz/tycgave  them  the  nameof  Afd/t'^fW,  for 
tiiey  eat  human  ftefh  -,  fo  that  there  can  be 
no  trading  with  'em  at  all.  But  it,  thro'  ne- 
ceflicy,  any  one  that  trades  on  the  coaft  is 
obliged  to  get  water  or  provifions  from  this 
place,  it  isabtblutcly  »cquifite  to  man  the 
boat  that  is  to  go  afliore,  very  well  with 
muskets,  half-pikes,  and  fuch  other  wea- 
pons, and  to  carry  a  couple  of  pattercroeson 
the  boat's  hrad  or  ftern,  keeping  centinels 
onthemaft,  or  on  tne  piomontory,  to  pre- 
vent being  furpri/.ed  by  thele  mifcrcants. 

Tiie female  llx  here  are  very  hand Ibme, 
boiii  m.iidens  and  women,  buc  moftly  of  a 
fmail  ft.iture.  'l"he  men  are  tall  and  lufty. 
The  women  wear  only  a  fingle  cnut  about 
their  middle. 

Sailing  along  tiie  coaft  eaftwaru,  from 
St.  AndreKj'i  river,  tiicre  appear  along  the 
fhore,  twelve  or  more  red  clifis,  which 
take  up  in  all  about  three  and  a  half  or  four 
leagues  in  length;  the  ftiore  being  very  fttep, 
and  quite  red,  in  parcels  or  brakes,  and  can  be 
feen  in  clear  weather,  from  eight  leagues  out 
at  fea.  Sailing  along  it  about  a  league  tVom 
land,  it  is  twelve  or  thirteen  tattiom  deep. 
The  PortiigUi'fe  call  it  Barret:  as  Vermdbai ; 
the  Ircncb,  l-auiizes  Rouges  ;  and  the  Dutch, 
RooJe-Klifiois,  that  is,  Red-Cliffs. 

The  village  Dromwa-Petry,  which  is  fi- 
tuated  between  the  feventh  and  eighth  red 
eliff,  is  remarkable  for  two  large  trees, 
ftai.ding  by  ir,  and  is  feven  leagues  from  the 
abovefaid  river.  The  coaft  along  to  this 
place,  bears  fouth-eaft,  fomething  fouth. 
The  Blacks  are  here  as  lavage  and  brutal  as 
at  St.  Andrew's. 

I  could  fee  no  other  village  but  the  laft 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  II.  I    Chap. 


ll'omwa- 
I'ctiy  vil- 
Ifge'. 


mentioned  ;  nor  did  I  fee  any  from  ihhDrom- 
luii-Petry  zoCcdroc,  nor  any  boats  out, which 
ftiovvs  the  country  is  not  well  inhabited.  The 
moft  remarkable  thing  is  Rio  ds  Lagos, 
on  il;j  eaft-fide  of  which,  h  Coetroe  ;  and 
out  of  wliieh,  commonly  come  many  canoes 
abo.ard  iliip,  with  Ibme  parcels  of  large  line 
teeth. 

Cape  La  Hoe  or  llou,  is  two  leagiies  toc.if»n 
rhe  call  di Coctro'e  ;  the  land  between,  low, ">"^ 
flat,  and  woody.  This  cape  i  alio  a  low 
point  cover'd  with  trees,  and  the  m<ilt  tri- 
lling place  of  all  the  coaft  of  ':ia,iqtui,  for 
fine  large  teeth,  whereof  there  is  great 
abimdance  at  all  times.  It  needs  no  other 
particular  mark  to  find  it  out,  but  the  great 
number  of  canoes,  which  uliially  come  out 
with  teeth,  to  ineet  the  fliips  that  come  from 
the  weftward  ;  and  that  of  a  t.dl,  large, 
ftreight  tree,  rifing  much  above  all  the 
others,  likea  firr-tree.  ThetownofLrf  lion 
is  a  league  in  compafs,  and  very  populous  •, 
feated  near  the  fliore,  having  a  flat  ftrand  all 
along  it,  of  fine  yellow  fand  1  on  which  the 
fea  rolls  and  breaks  with  great  fiirges.  The 
country  about  La  llou  is  plentifully  provided 
with  all  forts  of  provifions,  ufually  found  on 
the  coaft  of  5/.  ■Indre-.v's  wnADruyii ;  only 
here  they  areniuch  cheaper  and  better;  the 
natives  being  civil  and  eafy  to  deal  with,  in 
all  things ;  but  are  apt  to  raife  the  price  of 
their  Ivovj,  according  to  the  number  of  lhi[is 
they  fee  on  the  coaft  ;  and  thither  commonly 
relbrt  many  EngliJh  a*  1  Dutch  interlopers, 
as  well  as  free  ihips.  Somewhat  above  a 
league  weft  of  L.a  llou,  is  a  large  river,  the 
main  channel  whereof  runs  weftward  to  that 
of  St.  Aiulreiu's  ;  the  other  liiiall  br.uich  of 
it  ftretches  a  tew  leagues  towanls  the  eaft,  up 
the  country. 

From  c.iU  ■  l.a  llou,  the  co.ift  bulges  outR''"Djj 
Ibme  way,  md  then  runs  ftreight  call  and  by  '^^'■'''■ 
fbuth.     In  that  bulging  appears  the  little  ri- 
verof  Jaqir  La  llou,  or  D.is  B.irb.is,  which 
runs  down  from  the  north  into  the  ocean  ; 
but  is  not  navig.ibli'. 

The  village  IFotoe,  IFaUock,  or  ira:hi!ock,^^'o\ni: 
is  feven  le.igues  from  JaqtieLa  lliu  eaft:  and^'''''<;'- 
by  fouth.     It  is  a  place  of  but  an  intlitl'erent 
trade  for  ivory,  few  canoes  coming  out  at  a 
time  with  llich  goods. 

Next  to  lyoloe,  on  theii^ia'jtia  coaft,  hje.j- 
qiiejcaque,  or  "Jack  in  Jako  ;  and  next  to  it  a- 
gain  on  the  fame  coaft,  to  the  eaflward,  that 
of  Corby  la  llou  :  between  both  which  places, 
fome  rivulets  run  into  the  lea,  and  the  bot- 
tomlefs  pit,  called  by  the  Hollanders,  Ku)l 
fonder  groniit,  a  certain  tracf  of  fea,  about  a 
le.iguB  weft  from  Corhy  la  llou,  at  a  iinall 
diftance  from  fliore,  where  for  a  long  time  it 
was  believed  no  ground  could  be  found,  and 
therefore  it  was  called  the  bottomlefs  pit. 
But  by  experience  it  appears  to  be  but  fixty 

fathom 


30kI1.  I    Chap.  p. 


Coajls  0/ South-Guinea. 


141 


rom- 
hidi 

The 

ill)  1.1 
noes 
line 

L-s  to  Off  u 
low,""'- 
.  low 
:  tr.i- 
,  tor 
great 
aihcr 
great 
e  out 
trom 
Lirgc, 
1  the 
I  Hon 
iloiis  1 
.ntlall 
:h  the 
The 
jvided 
in  J  on 
;  only 
r :    the 
ith,  in 
iricc  ol 
)ffliips 
moaiy 
lopcrs, 
lOve  a 
:r,  the 
,0  that 
^d\  of 

5  ouf'-f'O" 

i.ul  by  ""^'"■ 
Lilc  ri- 
Iwhich 
Iccan ; 

|ft  ana^'-'''.i'- 
lie  rent 
at  a 

|s7..:- 
I  it  a- 
1,  that 
|laces, 
bot- 
Ku)l 
lout  a 
IfmaU 
|mc  it 
and 
pit. 
Ifixty 
Ihonj 


t.ithom  decp.within  mu.sket-fhot  of  the  land ; 
tho'  farther  out  to  fea,  the  lead  ilid  not 
touch  the  bottom :  but  I  conceive  it  was 
driven  away  by  the  ftrong  tide  from  the 
foiith-wcll  that  runs  there.  'Tis  therefore 
much  later,  to  avoid  falling  into  this  pit, 
not  to  tail  from  hciortjcique  la  //o/r  without 
fuch  a  gale  of  wind,  as  will  carry  the  liip 
thro'  it  i  for  in  calm  weather  or  flack  winds 
you  will  be  driven  on  it,  and  the  fliip  in  dan- 
ger of  being  Itranded  i  therefore  come  to 
an  anchor  before  Gamnio,  a  league  and  half 
or  thereabouts  cad  of  Corby  la  Hou:  This 
Gamma  road,  being  between  Corby  la  Hon 


and  Rio  de  Swciro  da  Cojla,   in  the  country  Bar  nor. 
of  ytdou,    and  thus  at  hand  for  the  BLicks  *«^Y"^i' 
of  all  three  places  to  come  out  in  canoes, 
with  large  parcels  of  i^iaqua  cloths,  teeth, 
and  fome  gold,  befides  abundance  of  refreth- 
ments. 

The  Blacks  of  thefc  three  places  are  very 
expert  fwimmers  and  divers  •,  for  when  I 
threw  any  thing,  as  firings  of  bugles,  or 
other  little  baubles,  or  haberdafliery  ware, 
into  the  fea,  to  fee  their  agility  in  diving, 
fome  of  them  leapt  over  injmediately,  and 
brought  it  up  almoft  from  the  bottom  of 
the  fea. 


Trade  •■,   Elephants. 


CHAP.     IX. 

"Jealoufy  and  Knavery  of  the  Blacks. 
tives  ;  Language ;  8Cc. 


Trodtia  i  Na- 


HAV I N  G  given  an  account  of  the  Ivory, 
Malegentcs  and  ^aqua  coafts  ;  Ifliall 
now  fubjoin  tome  general  obfervations  con- 
cerning the  trade  thereof,  and  the  manners 
of  the  Inhabitants,  delivering  them  as  they 
occur  to  my  memory  j  which,  I  hope,  may 
be  ferviceable  to  fuch  as  (hall  refort  to  thole 
parts. 

Trade. 
titiimii  'X'  HE  inland  country  affords  yearly  a  vaft 
;,„i.        ■■•    quantity  of  fine  large  elephants  teeth, 
being  the  beft  ivory  in  the  world,   moll  pf 
which  is  ronftanily  boughtupalong  thiscoalt 
by  tlic  EngUJI.i,  Dutch,  and  Fiench,  and  tome- 
times  by  the  Danes  and  Portuguefe.  The  Dutch 
wore  formerly  the  principal  traders  therein  ; 
but  now  the  EngltJJj  get  as  much,    if  not 
more  of  it,  fince  the  trade  to  Guinea  is  be- 
come lb  general.     This  great  concourfe  of 
European  Ships  coming  hither  every  year, 
and  fometimes  three  or  four  lying  together 
at  anchor  in  the  road,   has  encouraged  the 
BLii.ks  to  fet  fo  dear  a  rate  on  their  teeth,  and 
p.irticularly  on  the  larger  fort,  fome  of  them 
weighing  near  two  hundred  pounds  French, 
that  there  is  not  much  to  be  got  by  them, 
confidering  the  vaft  charges  that  commonly 
attend  fuch  a  remote  trade. 
:-:.;,ai     To  fay  fomething  of  the  elephants,  if  we 
may  credit  fome  Hotla'nier:,  who  have  fre- 
'■"•     qiiently  been  on  this  coaft,  it  is  fcarce  to  be 
conceived   what   a    multitude  of  elephants 
there  is  all  about  the  mland  country.     They 
are  reported  to  be  fo  numerous  every  where, 
that  the  B.'acks  are  forced  to  build  their  ha- 
bit itions  underground,  to  be  infafetyfrom 
them,  nocwithltanding  the  great  number  of 
them  they  kill,  as  well  for  that  realbn  as 
fur  the  profit  of  the  teeth.      But  were  this 
the  only  means  of  getting  the  teeth,  it  would 
m  ver  produce  th.'t  vaft  quantity  which  is 
yi.iiiv  ex;)orted  -,    and  tho'  I  cannot  affirm, 
a^  lome  do,    that  the  elephants  filed  their 
tteili  cvt  ry  three  years,  and  new  ones  grow 
Vol.  V. 


out,  yet  I  do  not  diffent  from  others,  who 
are  of  opinion,  that  this  animal  may  thus 
change  its  teeth  feveral   times  during    its 
life.     Their   living   an  hundred  years  or 
longer,  as  is  reported,  may  occafion  the  vaft 
quantity  of  teeth  that  is  pick'd  up  in  the  fo- 
refts  1   befides  the  great  number  that  die  of 
age  or  other  cafualties  abroad  :  however  it 
be,  'tis  obferv'd  at  prefent,  that  the  teeth 
are  not  feen  in  fuch  quantities  on  the  coaft 
as  formerly,  whether  it  be  that  the  country 
is  fomewhat  exhaufled,    or  the  Blacks  are 
grown  more  carelefs  in  gathering  of  them, 
which  may  occafion  their  being  now  at  fo 
high  a  rate,  together  wii'-  the  great  num- 
ber of  purchafcrs :  for  which  reafbn,  and  the 
rudenefs  of  the  Negroes,    the  Dutch  have 
partly  given  over  that  trade,  in  comparifon 
of  what  it  was  heretofore.     It  is  a  good  di- 
verfion  aboard  fhips,  along  this  coaft,  to  fee 
almoft  every  day  fo  many  canoes  of  Blacks 
plying  about,    at  a  linall  diftanee,  crying 
aloud  ^aqua,  ^<aqua,  and  then  they  pad- 
dle farther  oft".     So  great  is  their  miftruft  ofJiaUus 
the  Europeans,  fince  fome  have  bafely  car-  Blacks, 
riedaway  or  kidnap'd  feveral  of  them,  that 
tho'  they  are  call'd  to,  not  to  fear  a  tlirprize, 
but  to  come  freely  aboard,    as  with  friends, 
yet  few  dare  venture-,  and  firll  they  confult 
together  in  their  canoes,  and  when  agreed, 
only  a  few  of  them  go  aboard,  the  others 
paddling  about  at  a  diftance.  But  to  encou- 
rage them  to  come  aboard,  the  mafter,  or 
fume  of  his  officers,  commonly  take  up  a 
bucket  of  water  out  of   the  lea,  loiiie  of 
which  they    carry  up  with  their  hands  to 
their  eyes,  and  then  they  will  come  aboard 
more  freely,  looking  upon  the  fea  as  a  deity 
orobjeftof  religious  veneration-,  fancying 
that  this  ceremony  perform'd  by  Et/ri pants, 
binds  them  as  much  as  any  oath,  or  folemn 
promife  whattbcver  can  do,  to  be  true  aixl 
jutl  to  them.    However,  this  ceremony  does 
not  prevail  on  all  thefe  lavages,  as  I  Ibund 
O  o  in 


™ 


.ii-iJl 


-"'15 


'S 


m»f^ 


141 


^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  II. 


TtMiling 


Barbot  in  failing  by,  before  Tabo  ;  whca,  having 
W-V"^  fix  large  canoes  about  the  fhip,  full  of  fine 
elephants  teet!i,  each  canoe  manned  by  five 
or  fix  hands  at  leafl,  all  tall  lufly  rcl'olute 
men ;  none  of  them  would  come  aboard, 
but  perfuadcd  me  to  go  into  our  long-boat 
a-flern  the  fhipi  ami  I  order'd  the  top-fails 
to  be  lowerM,  to  check  our  run  for  a  while,  to 
try  what  trade  I  rouKl  drive  with  them.  1 
gave  evtry  man  his  D.iJ)  or  Bizy.,  as  is  cuf- 
tomary,  but  they  were  lb  unrealonable  as  to 
otlcr  no  more  than  fifty  pound  of  teeth  for 
ten  bars  of  iron,  making  a  great  noilc  and 
prattling  among  themlelves.  I  order'd  my 
goods  aboard  again,  without  driving  any 
bargain,  anil  loft  my  prelent. 

'Tis  hard  to  conceive  what  patience  is  re- 
quired to  trade  with  moft  of  thcfe  brutes  v 
and  which  is  worl'e,  they  cannot  be  under- 
ftood,  nor  do  they  underlland  us :  fo  that  all 
is  done  by  figns  and  gefturcs  of  the  handt  or 
fingers,  and  by  fetting  a  quantity  of  goods 
they  chufe  by  the  quantity  of  teeth  we  pitch 
upon. 

At  Dromv;.j-Pelr\,  being  loth  to  lofe  the 
D:!£y  given  them,   I  order'd  one  tooth,  as 
near  the  value  as  I  could  guefs,  to  be  kept 
aboard  ;  and  at  cape  /a  Hon,  two  teeth  to  be 
kept  till  they  had  rcturn'd  the  JD./71   which 
they  did  accordingly,    after    ma/iy    fharp 
words  and  fbme  blows  among  themlelves  in 
their  canoes,  to  prevent  returning  the  Djf- 
fyi  they  had  receiv'd  to  thcfe  whofe  goods 
were  detain'd  by  us  aboard  fliip.     Some  of 
them  leap'd  ovcr-bnard,  diving  fo  deep  and 
ft)  long,  that  they  were  out  of  the  reach  of 
a  mufkft  before  they  came  up  above  water, 
and  being  got  into  their  canoes,  paddled  a- 
way  with  wonderful  expedition  towards  the 
fhoie  of  Coetrcc.     The  H^ach  ha.'  perliiided 
me  to  come  to  an  anchor,  and  having  their 
DiJ/T)',  would  take  no  ids  than  thirty  pountis 
weight  of  brafs  rings  for  about  forty  pound 
of  very  indifferent  and  old  teeth;  at  whicji, 
fhowing  fome  diflatisfiiflion,  and  at  tliat  ve- 
ry moment,  tiic cooper  walking  by,   ihout 
his  bufinefs  on  the  gunnel,  with  a  ctiopping 
knife  in  his  hand,  about  ten  or  twelve  B-ncki, 
thinking  the  coopers  were  to  alLilt  them, 
cry'd  out  aloud  to  thofe  who  kept  the  canoes 
paddling  about  the  rtiip,  to  make  the  belt  of 
their  way  to  land  ■,  and  then  jumpt  all  toge- 
ther, asif  it  had  been  but  one  man,  into  the 
(ea :  which  fo  frighted  the  reft  of  their  crew, 
who  were  then  ftraggling  about  the  (liip,  that 
they  all  ran  about,    leaping  overboard  like 
frogi  on  tiie  brink  of  a  pund,   when  they 
hear  any  noife  n.ar  tiiem. 

They  go  commonly  four  or  five  in  a  ca- 
noe ;  but  only  two  or  three  come  aboard 
fhi[),  and  tliatat  fome  dillance  of  time  one 
after  another,  each  brini';ing  but  one  fingle 
tooth i  nor  will  they  venture  to  come  till  tlie 
firll  Black,   who  went  aboard,   has  look'd 


all  about  to  fee  whether  there  be  many  men, 
or  any  arms  upon  the  deck,  and  given  them 
advice  how  things  are  aboard.  After  all 
which,  they  arelb  miftfuflful,  that  none  of 
them  will  ever  go  down  between  decks,  nor 
into  the  cabin. 

'I'hey  dicad  fire-arms  to  fuch  a  degree, 
that,  one  day  having  caus'd  a  gun  to  be 
fired  with  ball  at  an  interloper,  fcveral 
BIdtks,  who  flood  on  the  round  houfe, 
leap'd  all  at  onceover-board  into  the  fea. 

This  trade  is  to  be  carried  on  only  by^mato, 
finall  fiiips,  to  make  the  ncceffiry  flops  oi'^'Jl. 
fbme  days  at  each  place,  to  give  the  Bla(ks 
the  more  time  to  fetch  teeth  from  the  inland 
country,  if  their  flock  near  the  water  is  ex- 
haufted;  this  being  more  proper  for  fuch 
little  veflTels,  which  go  at  much  lefs  charges 
than  great  ones,  and  better  encourage 
the  Blaiks  to  come  aboard,  becaufe  the 
crew  is  finall  -,  whereas  the  number  of  men 
they  fee  aboard  great  fhips,  fcares  them  a- 
way.  But  then  fmall  fhips  muft  be  upon 
their  guard,  when  too  great  a  number  of 
the  Blacks  comes  aboard  together,  for  fear 
tliey  fliould  attempt  to  make  themlelves 
mailers  and  plunder  them,  as  has  happen'd 
to  fome  Portuguefe  heretofore,  and  even  to 
other  Europeans. 

The  D^iffj  or  Bizy,    which  thefe  Blacks  orl^kil 
always  afK  ab  foon  as  they  are  aboard,  tho' »/?"/■'"(■ 
it  is  Icemingly  at  firfl  of  no  great  value,  as  a!"^  '" 
common  knife  to  a  m.an,  or  a  brafs  ring,  "" '' 
or  a  dram  of  brandy  and  bifcuit ;  yet  in  pro- 
cefs  of  time  along  the  coafl,  and  having  for- 
ty or  fifty  Blacks  or  more  every  day  to  give 
it  to,  it  certainly,  at  lall,  amounts  to  five 
per  rent,  charge  out  of  the  cargo  of  the  fhip. 
The  Il'jLai.ilcrs  brought  it  up  at  tiieir  firfl 
coming  on  the  Guinea  toafls,  the  better  to 
put  the  B^acki  out  of  conceit  with  the  Pirtu- 
giii/e,  wiio  had  traded  there  fo  long  before 
tliem  •,  and  the  natives  were  lb  well  pleas'd 
with  that  ufage,  that  they  have  ever  fince 
demanded  it  of  ail  other  Eiimpeaiis,  as  well 
as  of  the  /folLiitilcrs,  who  find  that  this  their 
policy,  tho'of  lomeaiivant.igeat  firfl,  proves 
now  a  burden  to  ihcir  commerce,  as  it  is  to 
all  other  nations  trading  to  thofe  parts. 

The  fame  is  alio  pradifed  on  the  gold 
coafl,  beginning  at  cape /« //c«,  with  this 
diftcrenee,  that  it  is  not  granteti  there  till 
after  a  bargain  is  ftruck,  and  that  they  call 
D:iffs,»i)D(i£y.  but  on  theothercoafislhave 
already  dikribed,  from  Gamhca  to  theafore- 
faid  cape  la  Hou,  the  Blacks  will  have  it  be- 
forehand i  for  they  arc  no  fboner  got  upon  the 
fide  of  tiie  fhip,  but  they  cry  out  BiZ),  Biz\ ; 
and  lome  add  to  Bir-j,  Dajf\,  whii  h  words, 
as  I  fuppofe,  in  their  dialtdt  fignifies  a  pre- 
lent or  toktn. 

The   fame  European  goods,  particularly cw/r 
mt.ition'd  to   be  fit  for  tiie  trade  atcapc'"^' 
Monte  and  at  Rio  Sejiro,  arc  alio  pro{x;r  for 
I  the 


JookII.1    Chap.?.  C.?^//*/ South-Guinea. 


H? 


men, 
them 
er  all 
Qneot 
!,  nor 

cgrce, 
to  be 
fcveral 
houle, 

nly  by  smulliUf, 
ops  of*')'' 

Blacks 
:  inland 
r  is  ex- 
)r  fuch 
:harges 
:ouragc 
life  the 
of  men 
:hem  a- 
jc  upon 
nlxT  of 
for  fear 
■mfelves 
ippen'd 

even  to 

b  Blacks  otiiktl 
rd,  tho' »/f "'■'"I' 
due,  as  a!"? '« 
US  ring, 
:t  in  pro- 
jving  for- 
to  give 
to  five 
hefhip. 
Iheir  firft 
ctter  to 
le  Pcrtii- 
before 
plc.is'd 
er  fince 
as  well 
Ihis  their 
I,  proves 
[  it  is  to 
,s. 

|hc  gold 
ith  this 
lere  till 
key  call 
si  have 
leafore- 
■e  it  be- 
Ipontiie 

,B,zr, 

words. 
Is  a  pre- 

litularly  cw/^V 
\:\t  cape>"^'' 
Lier  tor 
the 


mi'it. 


Siitun. 


R'r.p'oi 


the  Ivory  and  ^«(jj«(»  coafts  •,  adding  to  the 
relt  Contacarbe  or  Contabrode,  iron  i  ings  of 
about  the  thicknefs  of  a  finger,  which  the 
Blacks  wear  about  their  legs  with  brafs  bells, 
as  they  do  the  brafs  rings  or  bracelets  about 
their  arms  in  the  fame  manner. 
Product. 

THE  country  about  Corby  la  TIou  and 
that  of  ir^uaqua  produce  much  cotton,^ 
which  the  natives  of  the  inland  countries  fpin 
and  weave  into  Cloths.  Thofe  made  at 
Cape  la  Hou  are  of  fix  flripes,  three  French 
ells  and  a  h.df  long,  anu  very  fine.  Thole 
niadc  at  Corb-j  la  Hou,  of  five  Hips  and  about 
three  ells  long,  arecoarfcr.  Theircloihscome 
fror.i  the  inland  country  to  the  Blucks  a\ongthe 
coaft,  being  only  fadtors  to  difpofe  of  them 
to  the  Europeans,  and  particularlv  to  the 
Dutch  for  Alkory,  a  fort  of  blue  glaz'd  lin- 
nen,  who  make  aconfidcrable  trade  of  them, 
on  the  GoldCoaJl  and  other  parts  of  South- 
Guinea. 

Some  of  the  faid  faftors,  who  conftantly 
go  about  the  country  to  buy  thofe  cloths, 
told  me,  that  the  inland  Blacks  fold  vafl: 
quantities  of  them  to  a  white  people,  who 
live  far  up  the  inland,  ufually  riding  on  mules 
or  aflfs,  and  carrying  yijfu^atas  or  fpears  ; 
wliich  mud  needs  be  Arabs  from  Zahara, 
or  about  the  banks  of  the  ^iger. 

They  alfo  make  clouts  of  a  fort  of  hemp 
or  plant  like  it,  which  they  dye  handfomtly 
and  weave  very  artificially. 

I'be  Natives. 
'T'lIE  prime  men  generally  wear  a  large 
■*•  wiiite  linnen  ilieet,  wrapp'd  about  their 
bodies ;  and  acymiteror  pony.irdat  tiuirfide. 
The  iilicaquu  Blacks,  for  the  mod  p.iit,  arc 
tall,  lufty,  wtll-lhaped  men  ;  but  tiiey  look 
fiv-rce  and  frightful  at  firft  fight.  They  file 
their  teeth  as  (harp  is .;  wis,  but  they  are  com- 
niiinly  irregularly  placed  and  crooked.  'I'hey 
look  upon  it  as  a  coiifiderable  ornament  tolet 
the  n.iils  grow  out  h.df  an  inch  beyond  the 
ends  of  tJK'ir  fingers,  and  to  have  lon>T  hair 
platted  and  twill:ed,daub'd  with  palm-oil  and 
red  earth,  and  borrow  the  hair  of  their  wives, 
ii.iving  an  art  to  join  fcveral  fliort  hairs  to- 
gether, to  fiieh  a  length  as  they  pleafe,  which 
h.ipgs  like  a  perriwig  ;  but  lome  wind  it  all 
.ibimi  their  he.uls,  lb  that,  at  aiiiftance,  it 
looks  like  a  cap  or  bonnet.  They  every  day 
apoint  their  bixlies  with  the  lame  mixture 
they  ule  to  tiieir  hair,  and  chew  Betel  all 
thed.iy,  rubbing  the  juice  of  it  about  their 
mouths  and  chins,  and  loading  their  legs 
with  vail  thick  iron  rings  -,  and  I  have  lien 
Ibnie  at  Cape  Li  Hou,  who  hid  above  fixty 
pounds  weight  ol  fuch  rings  on  one  leg.  They 
much  admire  the  noife  thofe  rings  m.dce 
when  they  walk  i  and  therefore,  the  greater 
a  man's  quality  is,  tiie  more  rings  he  wears. 
In  lh(jrt,  they  arc  a  hideous  people  tu  be- 
hold, and  Itiuk  very  much. 


They  arc  generally  averfe  to  drinking  to  Bar  hot. 
excefs,  and  when  they  fee  any  one  drunk,  v^V^^ 
they  inform  againft  him,  and  he  is  feverely 
punifh'd  by  the  king,  attended  by  thepriefts, 
according  to  the  laws  of  the  country  -,  and  it 
has  been  obferv'd  that  moft  of  them  drink  no 
European  liquor,  nor  palm-wine,  tho'  this 
country  abounds  more  in  palm-trees  than  a- 
ny  other  in  Guinea  \  alledging,  that  fuch  li- 
quors will  either  kill  men,  or  render  them 
brutes.  Their  daily  drink  is  Bordon  wine, 
which  they  call  Tombe,  mixt  with  water, 
tho'  of  itfelf  it  is  but  a  very  fmall  liquor,  but 
very  refrcfliing. 

the  La  n  o  u  a  g  e. 
np  HEIR  l.inguage  is  barbarous,  and  al- 
together  unintelligible,  and  they  fpcak 
haftily  and  by  ftarts.  When  they  meet 
one  another,  either  afiiorc  or  aboard,  they 
ufe  this  word,  ^^aqua,quaqua,  each  laying 
one  hand  on  the  other's  flioiilder,  and  then 
taking  hold  of  their  fore-fingers,  repeating 
the  fame  icluaqua  very  low  ;  for  which  rea- 
fon,  I  fuppofe,  the  name  of  ^^caqtia  was  gi- 
ven to  the  ivory  coaft.  They  hate  to  kifs  one 
another,  as  fome  Europeans  do,  and  look, 
upon  it  as  a  great  afiront. 

The  fon  always  follows  his  fui.-r'sprofef- 
fion  ■,  fo  that  the  fon  of  a  weaver  is  a  weaver, 
the  fon  of  a  fliftor  a  fiidlor,  idc.  and  none 
muft  meddle  with  any  profcITion  but  what 
they  are  brought  up  to. 

R  E  L  I  C  .  O  N. 

'TPHEIR  religious  worfhip  is  much  the 
•*■    fame  as  at  the  Gold  Coaft ;  to  the  defcrip- 
tion  whereof  I  refer  the  reader. 

Their  kings  and  priefts  they  take  to  besortr^. 
forcercrs,  and  for  that  reafon  they  are  much 
refpccted  and  dreaded  by  the  generality  of 
the  people  ;  efpecially  the  king  of  6\(/:;o,  a 
country  about  Cape  la  Hcu,  who  i-^  look'd 
upon  as  a  more  than  ordinary  magician  and 
enchanter. 

This  king  praftifes  a  yearly  ceremony  ^^sacrifidnr 
the  beginning  of  Dt-ivw/w,  in  honour  of  the /(,,/,,/,«. 
fea,  which  is  ihtir  greatelt:  deity,  and  con- 
tinues it  till  Afril  following  i  fending  fome 
of  his  people,  from  time  to  time,  in  a  ca- 
noe to  Axim  Savia  Comei:dj,  and  other  pla- 
ces on  the  Gold  Coal!,  to  offer  lacrifice  to 
the  lea,  carting  into  it  at  each  of  thofe  pla- 
ces fome  clouts  or  cloths  m.'de  of  ruflies  or 
herbs,  ftones,  and  goats  horns  full  of  fpice 
and  ftoncs,  all  together ;  muttering  fome 
wortls  to  their  faid  deity  to  render  it  calm 
and  free  from  tornadoes  during  the  fum- 
mer  feafon,  to  favour  the  navigation  of 
his  fubjefts,  as  well  from  the  inl.md  coun- 
try, as  along  the  coarts,  that  they  may 
drive  on  their  trade  with  eafe  and  profit.  As 
foon  as  the  firft  canoe  is  return'd  back  to 
him,  another  is  immediately  lent  the  fame 

way 


A  Defcription  of  South-Guinea.        Book  II. 


144 

Barbot.  w.iy  for  ihc  fame  purpofc  i  at  the  return  of 
^^V^'  that,  another  v  ami  lb  on  fuccefTivcly,  till 
the  winter  feafon  comes  on.  The  firll  ca- 
noe fcts  out  from  Corby  la  Hon,  and  is  prc- 
fcntly  follow'd  by  the  native  faftors  of  that 
port  in  fcveral  canoes,  laden  with  cloths,  of 
ihofe  made  of  five  (lips.  After  their  return, 
thofe  of  fix  breadths  are  fent  away  with  the 
fecond  canoe ;  and  after  the  third,  thofc  from 
other  places  follow:  which  altcrnati/e  is  fcf 
regularly  obfervM,  that  they  never  preju- 
dice one  another,  but  every  trader  has  time 
and  opportunity  to  fell  his  goods.  This 
trade  continues  til)  the  end  oi  April,  when 
the  enchanting  canoe  returns  to  the  coaft,  as 
it  were  to  let  loofe  the  fea,  and  then  every 
one  makes  the  beft  of  his  way  home  again. 

The  country  is  almoft  every  where  plea- 
fant  and  delightful  to  the  eye  ■,  the  hills  and 
dales  are  curious  to  behold ;  the  red  co- 
lour of  the  rocks,  with  the  lovely  green  th.-it 
fhades  them,  tfpecially  about  the  river  of 
St.  AndrcM  and  Cape  la  Hon,  render  the  pro- 
A)edl  ftill  more  agreeable.  There  is  great 
ftore  of  cattle,  as  goats,  fwine,  and  fheep,  all 
very  reafonable,  a  hog  being  fold  for  the 
value  of  half  a  crown  in  knives.    There  is 


alfo  abundance  of  palm-oil,  m.ide  by  tin- 
fruit  produced  by  ihcTombe  tree,  from  which 
they  alfo  draw  the  wine  called  Bourdon  or 
Tombe,  ufually  drank  by  the  Blacks  mix'd 
with  water  to  moderate  the  ftrcngth  of 
the  wine,  and  correft  the  crudity  of  the 
water. 

Tho'  the  Blacks  of  ^uaqua  are  in  outwanl  c,-.,/,,,, 
appearance  the  moft  barbarous  of  all  Guinea,  lJ:«tk ' ' 
yet  are  they,  in  the  main,  the  moft  polite 
and  rational,  and  fo  reputed  among  their 
neighbours.  They  do  not  look  upon  it  as 
good  breeding  to  kifs  one  another  by  way 
of  welcome,  or  taking  leave ;  but  when 
they  go  aboard  fliip,  they  dip  their  hands 
in  the  fait  water,  and  let  fome  drops  fall 
on  their  eyes,  which  fignifies,  they  will  ra- 
ther lofe  their  eyes  than  defraud  us  in 
their  dealing. 

The  ancients,  who,   it  is  not  qutftion'd,  ^^^^ 
had  fome  knowledge  of  Ni^rilia  and  (jui-nam„,f 
vea,   call'd  the  people  of  thefe  coafls,  be-  Wadi. 
I  ween  Cape  Piilam  and  the  river  o\  Sweiro  da 
Cojla,  AngaiigDKr  Aith'wpes ;  thofe  between 
Surra  Lcniia  anil  Cape  Palmas,  I.cuc-j'Ethio- 
pcs ;    ;uul   thofe  from  Sierra  Lcona  to  Rio 
Grande  northward,  Sophucai  yEthiopes. 


7he  END  of  the  Second  Book* 


11 


v 


3',;!  2 


>1     I  !■ 


BOOK 


i|  M 


igr   . 


Book  II. 

by  tlu- 
I  whicli 
rdon  or 
t  mixM 
gth  of 
of  the 

mtwarilcr.ii,.,,. 
Guinea,  B^icki  ' 
k  polite 
ig  their 
1011  it  us 
by  way 
It  when 
ir  hands 
ops  fall 
will  ra- 
1   us  in 


14? 


BOOK     III. 


CHAP.    I. 


Of  the  gold  coajl  in  general  \  its  extent  -,  inland  countries ;  maritime  provinces. 
Trodutl.     Europeans  trading  to  it.    Interlopers^  ftCc. 


J,,,,;,  .y  rrn  HE  goKl  coail,  which  is  part  of  South- 


IcfilJ 


Guinea,  the  people  whereof  in  ancient 

('••;■'•  geogrrphy,  are  call'd  .-Iphriceronei  .Hthiopes, 
extends  about  an  hundred  leagues  along  the 
coaft,  caft-north-caft,  and  contains  fifteen 
kingdoms  along  the  fca-fhore,  which  are 
jidouw,  alias  Sokoo,  alias  ylivine  ;  /Ixim  ; 
.i.cober;  /liita;  jidom,  aWas Lutle Incujfan, 
alias  IVarJJjM  ;  Jabi,  alias  Jabs ;  Comendo, 
.liias  Guaffo ;  tetu ;  Sahoe,  alias  Sobott  ; 
I'lintyn  ;  Acron  ;  ylugonmi,  alias  Angwira  ; 
Jcra  ;  alias  Jcquambous ;  Lnbhade,  and 
Ningo,  alias  Lemp-j.  It  ought  to  be  reckoned 
to  begin  at  the  river  of  Sweiro  da  Cojla,  as 
the  firll  place  where  gold  is  purchafcd  i  and 
to  end  at  Lay,  in  the  country  of  Lempy, 
thirteen  or  fourteen  leagues  eaft  of  Ara, 
where  that  metal  is  only  10  be  had  acci- 
dentally, from  the  i^iaboe  jxople,  who  live 
f.'.rther  up  tlie  inland. 

The  Portuguefe,  who  boaft  of  being  the 
firft  difcoverers  of  that  country,  call'd  it 
Cofta  d'Oro,  from  the  great  quantity  of  gold 
it  aftbnls  in  the  way  of  trade  ;  and  all  other 
European  nations,  after  the  Portni^uefe,  call 
it,  each  in  their  proj  er  language,  the  Gold 
CoajL 

Inland  Coun'.  sins. 
h!uhituJt  T  H  E  inland  countries,  which  belt  de- 
(•  .i»;-  •*■  ferve  to  be  taken  notice  of,  are,  accord- 
*""•  ing  to  the  beft  account  of  the  Blach,  I^uira, 
Great  Inhjfan,  Incnffia,  fg\ma,Tabeii,  Adotn, 
Motnpa,  Jf^affa,  (Fanquy,  Abramboe,  Guyfora, 
Ill/a,  by  a  modern  author  call'd  A/ie>ue, 
Achim,  Aqua,  i^iahoe,  Gaminanaeh,  Bortoes, 
f.qtica,  Lataby,  Accaradi,  In/oka,  Daiicke- 
>i?,",  or  Dinkira,  Cabefterra,  and  the  laige 
kingdom  of  Accanez,  which  enclofes  ir.oll: 
of  the  others  from  the  north-weft,  rount'  to 
the  north-eaft  i  befides  feveral  other  P-lty 
kingdoms  and  territories,  fcattcr'd  Miong 
thole  above-mehtion'd.  All  the  countries, 
as  well  as  thofe  along  tiie  fea  already  named, 
are  very  rich  in  gold,  which  the  natives 
either  dig  out  of  the  earth,  or  gather  from 
the  bottom  of  rivers  and  itreams,  as 
(hall  be  hereafter  defcribed  in  its  proper 
place.  Thefe  countries  lie  between  four  de- 
grees, thirty  minutes,  and  eight  degrees  of 
north  latitude,  and  between  leventeen  .ind 
twenty  one  degrees  of  longitude  eaft,  from 
the  meridian  of  h'erro,  thus  making  about 
four  hundred  leagues  in  circumference  •,  a 
Vol.   V. 


very  fmall  compafs  of  ground,  for  fo  many  burbot. 
nations,  and  which  (hows  how  improperly  \^y*J 
they  are  called  kingdoms,  or  how  inconfi- 
ilerable  they  are,  if  compared  to  what  we 
look  upon  as  a  kingdom  ;  which  muft  con- 
tain many  dukedoms,  earldoms,  baronies, 
and  lordfliips.    But  if  we  turn  back  to  an-  feity 
tiquity,   all  hiftory  informs  us,   that  there  *'''i'. 
was  a  vaft  number  of  petty  kingdoms  in 
the  eaft  ;  and  in  other  parts,  we  find  them 
ftill  very  fmall,  many  ages  after.    The  land 
of  promife,  given  by  God  to  the  Ifraeliles, 
was  pofiefled  by  a  multitude  of  kings,  in- 
Ibmuch,  that  "Jojhua  made  thirty  one  kings 
prifoners  at  one  time  v  and  Benhadad,  king 
of  Syria,   came  ag.iinft  Samaria,    with  a 
numerous  army,    made  up  by  tiiirty    two 
auxiliary  kings.     To  go  no   farther  than 
England ;  before  king  Egbert  fubdued  all 
that  nation,  it  was  divid.-d  into  fevcn  king- 
doms, cxWilthc  lleptaichy.    The  kingdom 
of  Kent  had  feventeen  kings  fucceffively  ; 
that  of  the  EafI- Angles  fourteen  •,  that  of  the 
Eafi -Saxons  fixteen  •,    of  the  South-Sdxons 
three  ;    of  the  Mercians  twenty   one  ;    of 
Nort  lumberland  t\    nty  two  ;    and  of  the 
IVeJl-Saxons  eighteen. 

Maritime  Countries. 

'THE  maritime  countries  contain,  romcTii»»). 

••■  one,  fome  two,  fome  three  towns,  or 
villages,  lying  on  the  fca-fhore,  eitlier  un- 
der, or  between  the  forts  and  caftics  of  the 
Eu>  ipeans.  Thefe  are  fo  placed  for  the  con- 
veniency  of  trade  and  fifliingi  the  principal 
towns  being  generally  up  the  inland,  and 
very  populous. 

Nine  of  thefi.  maritime  nations: re  go- 
vern'd  by  their  refpcdtive  kings,  if  we  may 
lb  call  them  ;  for  before  the  Europeans  fre- 
quented thofe  countries,  the  chici's  of  the 
BLicki  had  only  the  title  of  colonels,  or  cap- 
tains •,  of  wiiich  more  hereafter.  The  other 
fix  nations  are  in  the  nature  of  common- 
wealths, under  the  diredion  of  'bme  parti- 
cular perfons  ol  their  own,  and  independent 
of  one  another  by  tiieir  conftitution. 

The  inland  countries  are  alio  govern'd 
by  their  kings,  or  lords,  of  which  more  in 
its  place. 

Product. 

ALL  the  faid  countries  have  much  variety  Bfjjfj. 
'^  of  tame  and  wild  creatures,  as  bulls, 
1*  p  cows, 


''M 


I 


illicit! 


If 


r  St"''  ■' 


ii^?'";r.i'v,i| 


iV 


i;r 


i>1fi 


'>ii 


14^ 


y4  Defcriptton  of  the 


Book  TII. 


KrJi. 


Grtxpth  of 
the  ntlh. 


Bar  HOT.  cows,  flieep,  goats,  liorfes,  aflTcs,  fwine,  clogs, 
'^V^  cats,  rats,  mice,  elephants,  buttalot-s,  ty- 
gi.Ts,  wild  dogs,  wild  boars,  alligators, 
fever.il  forts  of  deer,  hares,  porcupines, 
hetlgehogs,  fluggards,  wild  rats,  boiifees, 
civet  cats,  wild  cats,  mulk  mice,  bcrbia, 
fquirrels,  kokeboes,  leguanes,  aromjXM, 
feveral  forts  of  apes,  various  kinds  of  lizards, 
falamanders,  cameleons,  tfr.  ferpents  of 
prodigious  fize  and  fhapes,  fnakrs,  toads, 
fcorpions,  and  great  varijty  of  infecffs,  as 
well  as  animals  of  the  feather'd  kind,  112. 
pheafants,  partridges,  wild  ducks,  turtle- 
doves, crooked  bills,  fnipes,  cocks  and  hens, 
and  other  eatable  birds,  unknown  in  Europe  \ 
blue  and  white  herons,  portuguefes,  birds 
fo  call'd,  eagles,  kites  •,  a  fort  of  fine  river- 
birds,  crown  birds,  pokkoes ;  a.  large  fort 
of  fowl,  four  fpecious  or  corn-devouring 
birds,  very  beautiful  i  parrots,  parrokeets, 
ftar  birds,  fcfr. 

There  is  alfo  abundance  of  maiz,  millet, 
rice,  yams,  potatoes,  water-melons,  ana- 
nas, oranges,  lemons,  coco-nuts,  palm-trees, 
plantans,  bananas,  beans  of  fix  torts,  palm- 
oil,  papays,  C«i«f/i-pepper  •,  befides  various 
forts  of  wild  fruit,  unknown  to  us,  all  which 
are  more  or  Icfs  plentiful,  according  to  the 
nature  of  the  different  foils,  and  the  nature 
of  the  place,  whereof  I  fhall  treat  in  order, 
ris  I  come  to  defcribc  each  country  in  par- 
ticular. 

However,  it  mufl  Lj  obferved,  that  here 
is  fome  fcarcity  of  flefli  •,  the  want  whereof, 
as  well  as  of  fome  other  provifions,  is  fuffi- 
ciently  made  up  by  the  (eA  in  various  forts 
of  excellent  fi(h,  large  and  fmall  ;  as  Bra- 
zilian cod,  jacks,  plaife,  flounders,  that 
the  Blacks  call  fific  pampher,  and  Icvcral 
other  large  filhes  -,  befides  bream,  ilomp- 
nofcs,  flat  nofes,  poutings,  mackarcl,  fafter, 
aboeij  thornback,  folcs,  dabs,  lobfters, 
crabs,  prawns,  (hrimps,  fprats,  karmous, 
mullets,  Batavia  fifli,  north-capers,  fword- 
filhes,  and  fliarks;  not  to  mention  the  river- 
fifh,  to  be  fpoke  of  in  another  place.  And 
without  thisfupply  offi/h,  it  would  be  hard 
to  fubfid  in  the  fummer. 

Europeans  trading  to  Guinea. 
Firjidifci.  |N  the  iaftbookof  thisdefcription,  I  took 
*y  •'#'■  1  notice,  that  the  French  pretend  to  have 
been  the  firft  Europeam  that  fettled  in  Guinea, 
in  the  year  1364  1  and  give  the  honour  of 
it  to  fome  merchants  of  Dieppe,  who,  they 
fay,  made  feveral  fettlements  along  the  coafl, 
as  far  as  Grcnd  Sejlro,  near  cape  Palmos  : 
and  their  authors  affirm,  they  were  alfo  the 
firft  foundersof  thecaftler  ill'd  da  Mim,  or 
of  the  mine,  on  the  gold  coaft,  in  1383  ; 
which  the  Portuguefe  afterwards  took  from 
them.  On  the  other  hand,thePor/«jf;/i?/<"  claim 
this  difcovery,  as  firft  made  by  them  in  the 
year  1452  ;  and  that  they  were  I'ylc  poIlicnbr& 


7i/7>. 


of  it  for  above  a  hundred  and  fifty  years,with- 
outany  interruption  ;  as  alfo  to  have  built 
that  caftle  at  Mina,  and  feveral  other  forts, 
as  well  oil  the  [!;<)ld  coaft,  as  at  Angola: 
of  which  more  in  the  fupplement  to  this 
work. 

Whoever  the  firft  difcovcrcrs  of  this  coaft 
were,    whether  l-rench  or  Porttigtiefe,    they 
have  both  in  procefsof  tinealmoft  loft  the 
poflcfTion  :  other  European  nations,   allurM 
by  the  advantageous  trade  of  gold,  flaves, 
and  elephants  teeth,  having  creftcd  feveral 
forts  on  the  coaft,  for  the  better  conveniency 
of  trading,  and  their  own  fafety,  from  the 
infults  of  the  natives  and  other  nations, 
either  with  the  content  of  Black  kings,  or 
elfe  by  force,   or  artifice,   as  ftiall  alto  be 
made  appear  in  the  courfe  of  this  defcrip- 
tion.    The  Dutch  have  the  greatcft  number  Eng:,o, 
of  fuch  fettlements,    and  confequently  the*"<'l)uTS 
beft  (hare  of  trade  on  the  gold  coaft,  and'"''""'.' 
next  to  them  the  Englijh.     TIk  French, 
Spaniard],  and  Pcrluguefe  have  had  no  fet- 
tlements on  that  coaft  for  a  long  time,  and 
only  make  fome  coafting  voyages  along 
thole  parts.      Tiie  Danes'  have  two  forts ;  n^^^  ^^ 
one  at  Maufro,  the  other  at  Acra  ;  and  theBnna;,,. 
Brandenburgers,  a  fort,  or  ftrong-houfc,  at'""g"!. 
the  village  of  Cremn,  in  the  midft  of  cape 
Tres-PoHtas,    all  which  (hall  be  mentioned 
in  their  places. 

The  firft  Englipman  y/e  hear  of  on  thcF'>/!Eiig. 
coaft  of  Guinea,  was  one  Tbamas  ff^wdham.^^^'" 
He  firft  made  two  voyages  to  the  coaft  of  "'"*• 
Africk,  one  in  the  year  1 55 1 ,  of  which  there 
are  no  particulars  i  and  the  other  in  1552, 
with  three  fail,  to  the  port  of  Zapbin,  or 
Saphiii,  and  Hjnta  Cruz,  whence  he  brought 
iijgar,  dates,  almonds,  and  molofles.  In 
I  553,  he  lail'd  again  from  Portfmoutb,  with 
three  (hips,  taking  along  with  him  Amhtny 
Anes  Pintado,  a  Portuguefe,  who  was  the 
promoter  of  that  voyage.  I'hey  traded  for 
gold  along  the  roalt  of  Guinea,  and  pro- 
ceeded as  fir  as  Benin,  where  (hey  were  pro- 
mifed  a  lading  of  pepper  •,  hut  both  the 
commanders  and  moft  of  the  men  dying, 
through  the  unfeafonablenefs  of  the  weather  -, 
the  re(l,  reduced  to  about  forty,  return'd 
to  Plymouth,  with  one  fliip  and  little  wealth. 
In  1554,  Mr.  John  Lock  undertook  a  voyage 
to  Guinea,  with  three  (hips  \  and  trading 
along  that  coaft,  brought  away  a  confidera- 
ble  quantity  of  gold  and  ivory,  but  pro- 
ceeded no  farther.  The  following  years  Mr. 
lyUliam  Tower/on  perform'd  feveral  voyages 
to  the  coaft  of  Guinea,  which  liad  nothing 
peculiar,  but  a  continuation  of  trade  in  the 
fame  parts ;  nor  do  we  find  any  account  of 
a  farther  progrrfs  made  along  this  coaft  by 
the  Englijh,  till  we  tome  to  their  voyages 
to  the  Eajl-Indiis,  and  thofe  began  but  late. 
For  the  f\TfiEnglifl>ni.:n  we  find  in  thofe  pans, 
wa^one  Tbo»iii>  6tcVc>u,  in  1579,  aboard  a 

Penu- 


)0k1II.  |1    Chap.  Z.         Coajlt  of  SourH-GviNMk. 


5  coaft 

they 

)ft  the 

lUurM 
fl.ivcs, 
fevcral 
niency 
:)m  the 
livtions, 
igs,  or 
lUo  be 
klcrip- 
number  Eng.iiii 
itly  thc^l^jTS 
ift,  and  "•""'".* 
French., 
1  no  Ict- 
ne,  and 
s  along 

3    forts  ;  Hants  ,^1 

and  the  Brjn,i:t,. 
oule,  at'""g"'' 

of  cape 
lentioned 


Pcrtuiueje  flii(>.     The  fjrft  voyape  of  the 
J^mlijh,  in  nii()s  of  their  own,  was  in  1 51J  i . 

riie  Blacks  of  the  gold  coait  are  for  the 
moll  part  vc.y  ricl>,  through  tlie  great 
tiailc  they  drive  wich  Europeans,  boih  a- 
bu.ird  the  (hips,  and  afliore,  bartering  their 
golJ,  for  feveral  f-irtsof  Liiropean  conimo- 
ilities,  of  which  they  malic  a  vail  profit  up 
ilie  inland}  or  through  the  large  allowance 
liuy  have  out  of  the  goods  they  buy  of 
Europeans,  for  the  account  of  the  inland 
inti-l'i'-:.  li!"iis,  for  wlioni  many  of  thcfe  on  the 
inJt.  court  acl  as  brokers,  buying  confiJerable 
quantities  of  goods  of  the  interlopers,  who 
relort  thither  in  great  numbers,  from  I'c- 
v.ral  parts  of  Europe ;  but  efpecially  from 
Zealand  and  France,  notwithllanding  the  fe- 
vcre  penalties  they  are  liable  to  :  for  if 
taken  by  the  Englijh,  or  Dutch  compan  , 
their  fa«ors,  or  agents  \  their  goods  are  not 
only  confil'catcd,  but  a  heavy  fine  laid  on 
them.  The  cunning  Blacks  are  not  deterr'd 
by  all  thefe  rigours,  knowing  how  to  bribe 
the  companies  Laptos,  or  flaves,  who  are 
let  to  watch  tliem  i  and  thus  in  the  night 
run  afhore  the  goods  they  buy  of  inter- 
lopers, or  foreigners  trading  on  the  coalt 
from  Iffetiy,  both  by  fca  and  land.  For 
iwhen  the  roads  are  clear  of  robbers,  they 
travel  to  Iffeny  and  Rio  d'Oro  to  buy  their 
goods,  and  bring  them  in  by  Health,  con- 
veying them  up  the  country  without  any 
mi)leftation.  They  generally  have  fucii 
goods  of  the  interlopers,twenty  five  or  thirty 
fer  cent,  cheaper,  and  jicrhap^  much  better, 
than  thofc  the  companies  agents  fell.     By 


this  under-hand  trade,  they  in  procefs  of  Hauiiot- 
time  grow  rich,  and  the  company  fulTcrs  l^V^ 
very  much. 

I'c  w  or  none  of  the  Blacks  are  to  be  trufted, 
as  bfing  crafty  and  deceitful,  and  who  will 
never  let  (lip  an  opportunity  of  cheating  in 
European,  nor  indeed  will  they  (pare  onL- 
another ;  fome  may  their  matlers,  but  all 
do  not.  Of  this,  and  their  lazinefs,  more 
hereafter. 

The  EngliJ})  RoyaU/rican,  and  the  Dul.h  Penatiyfor 
lyeji-lndiii  companies,  having  the  privihs^e """'"f"- 
by  patent  of  trading  to  this  coad,  exclufivc 
to  all  others  their  f.jllow-fubiedis  ;  and  I 
fuppofe  :he  Danijh  and  Brandenburg  com- 
panies have  the  fame :  fucii  of  the  laid  na- 
tions as  reibrt  to  thole  coafts,  are  liable  to 
feizure  of  fhips  and  goods,  if  taken  by  tiie 
fliips,  or  agents,  of  any  of  tiie  (iiid  com- 
panies, within  their  re('[)ei5livf  didridls  on 
the  coaft,  befides  bodily  punilhments  in- 
flidled  on  the  ofiendL-rs,  efpecially  among 
the  Dutch,  who  have  made  it  death  j  but 
that  is  fcldom  or  never  executed,  fome  of 
the  companies  officers  always  finding  ittheij- 
interefl  to  let  fuch  go  unpunifhed  ;  as  is  well 
known  to  the  Zealanden,  who  of  all  the  lub- 
jeifls  of  Holland  fend  mod  interlopers  every 
year  to  that  coaft. 

Thefe  interlopers  generally  make  ufe  of 
fliips  of  (mall  burden,  and  good  fiilors, 
well  fitted  and  inann'd,  the  better  to  make 
their  efcape,  or  Hand  upon  their  defence,  it 
attack'd  by  the  company's  fhips.  1  lliall 
now  proceed  to  the  panieular  dellripcion  of 
the  gold  coaft. 


C  H  A  P.     11. 


The  coafi  to  cape  St.  Apolonia.  That  cape  >  from  it  to  Axim.  That  king- 
dom \  the  Dutch  fort  there.  The  natives  and  produiJ.  'Poner  of  the 
Dutch.     Cape  Tres-Poiitas. 


VitUiii. 


Toqu. 


Iffeny. 


Coast  to  Cape  St.  Apoi.on\  a. 

TH  E  coaft,  from  the  river  of  Sweiro  da 
Cofta,  to  cape  St.  /Ipoloiiia,  is  low 
anei  flat,  and  bears  eaft-lbuth-eaft,  twelve 
leagues,  all  the  way  fhaded  with  high  trees, 
and  full  of  greater  and  fmaller  villages  -,  the 
mod  remarkable  are,  Bcqu,  Ijfeny-peqiicna, 
IJfeny-grande,  jibbiany  or  Jjfene,  Tebbo,  antl 
^canimina ;  all  belonging  to  the  country 
of  Adouwaftan,  or  Sokoo. 

Boqu  is  in  the  woods,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  river  oi  Sweiro  da  Cofta.  Ijfenypequeno 
appears  on  the  fhore,  as  does  IJfenygrande, 
more  to  the  eaftward,  with  three  little  vil- 
lages between  them.  IJJ'enygrande  lies  at  the 
mouth  of  a  river,  which  does  not  reach  to 
the  fea,  unlefs  it  overflows  in  the  rainy  ^f^^- 
fon.  This  town  was  plunderM  and  burnt 
down,  by  the  inland  Blacks,  in  the  year 
1681.    At  the  mouth  of  this  river,  anjl 


very  clofc  to  the  (liore,  is  a  little  ifland,  very 
fit  for  building  of  a  (brt,  'ar  the  conveniency 
of  an  inland  trade.  The  river  runs  down 
from  far  up  the  country  N  N  W.  f£'eiiy- 
grande  is  famous  for  its  fine  gold,  which,  it 
is  likely,  comes  from  J/iente  or  hiln,  to- 
wards the  fource  of  the  river  Sweiro  da  Cojhi, 
in  about  nine  degrees  of  north  latitude  -,  a 
country  rich  in  gold,  and  but  lately  known 
to  the  Europeans  on  the  goKl  coaft. 

The  town  of  Jbbiany  and   Telbo,  three  Abbi-.nv 
leagues  diftant  from  each  other,  aie  feated"'"''^'''';'^" 
in  the  woods,  and  known  at  fea  by  abun-  .; 

danceofpalm-tieos  appearing  on  the  fhore.  ^^ 

Acanimina  is  built  on  the  rifing  ground,  Acinimi- .  ^ 
about  half  a  league  weft  from  cape  .'-V.  A-^^-jK'^-'. 
polonia.  j^'-V 

The  inland  country  l^etwecn  Bcqu   gm'd  ^' '    ^^  •'■'; 
Acanimina,  is  hilly,    and  affords  eXL-ellent    ! 
gold,  lbmefl.iTC8,  and  a  few  elephants  tecdj, 

wherein 


tm 


f*.--' 


t  l' 


'\Mi^ 


IU'fi.l;'^ 


'i'55 


.1  I  I  .  r 


m 


r   H-'i 


r.^rW 


It  ' 


148 


A  Defer iption  cf  the 


Book  III. 


lUuHn-  wlierrin  the  tr.\ile  fif  t'lc  afonf.iiil  pines 
l^^V^  I onfilh.  The  ;tni liorinj;  niouml  luforc  ciih 
iriu'j"'*  lit  thole  pl.iccs,  is  .iliDiii  two  K>-^':jl>  iiiihs 

trom  the  Ihore,  in  littttii  or  fixtctn  l.iihoiii 

water. 


Cape  St.  Apoionia, 
uri./»  TT  A  I)  the  name  piven  it  by  the  Poilii- 
•/ji»  //.  jn  ^1^^/-^^  ^1,0  (liin)verM  it  on  tlic  t'c.ill  of 
th.U  i'li.it.  It  runs  out  .1  little  to  the  foutli- 
w.irtl,  ami  fei'ms  to  lie  hnv  pl.iin  f:roiind, 
t(iw.iiiis  the  fliore,  rilinj;  up  tiirther  luik 
111  tlirce  (ever.il  hills,  which  ni.iy  be  Ian 
un  Uagui'S  out  at  lea  in  tair  weather; 
which  are  ilifFuicnt  marks  to  know  it  by, 
together  with  the  llragirlini;  trees  appeal- 
ing on  the  laid  hills,  whkh  make  it  an 
agreealil.-  prol'lTrt. 

There  arc  three  villa;!;rs  on  the  fliore,  at 
the  toot  of  the  hills  ;  hut  the  aciel's  to  it 
liom  the  lea  is  very  ililFitult,  by  realoii  ot 
the  rolling  of  the  rurg(>,  ami  the  breaking 
ot'the  lea  onthelanily  Hat  llrand,as  ii  does 
all  along  thiseoall  lioni  ihiseapeio  lijiny. 
1  hail  here  .1  pretty  good  trade  for  gold, 
during  t'\e  three  ilays  I  lay  before  the  vil- 
lages, uniUrthc  cajie. 


Vil'.iin. 


ut  f.i.i 
ji'*J. 


rr.ti. 


(An 


I'rcm  C,;/';St.  Apoi.oma  to  Axur, 

IS  about  nine  leagues,  the  lantl  between 
them  scry  low,  and  planted  \»ith  abun- 
ilame  of  coco  and  palm-trees  ■,  the  Diore 
very  wide,  being  a  curious  fandy  flat  llrand, 
fit  to  travel  over  in  chaifes,  or  coaches,  as  far 
as  about  a  league  wed  otJsim,  where  the 
pkal'ant  river  (.'o//-.;,  ov  .I'lcchcr,  parts  the 
kingdom  ot  Sokoj  ami  /Lin. 

There  are  but  two  villages  on  the  fliorc,  be- 
tween i,\[\St./l;'!i>:i.:,  and  the  river,!/.;;;. ;^ 
which  are  /l^tii/icucwid  Br.j^ic,  feate.l  among 
the  coco  and  palm-trees-,  but  there  is  little 
or  no  trade  at  theni.  Tlic  fliore  binding 
away  to  call-north- call  ot  the  B:gbl  for  fome 
leagues,  and  the  Dnub  fori  bearing  l,  S  1',. 
tliJ  Ihips  trading  along  the  coalt,  commonly 
llecr  that  couric  trom  St.  .-t/oloiiiii  ;  trom 
whence  the  tide  runs  along  the  coafl  to 
y/viw;.  Jull  by  B{^:o,  the  river  A/.;w«  falls 
into  tlic  lea,  is  large  anil  wiile,  coming  down 
from  Igiiiia,  wheri  it  is  choak'd  by  mighty 
falls  and  rocks,  and  confequcntly  not 
navigable ;  but  yields  much  fine  gold, 
which  the  liljiks  get  by  diving  among  the 
rocks. 

The  river  Col^nt,  is  about  four  Fji^.iJIj 
miles  weft  of  the  Dutch  fort  of  67.  Antony, 
or  .Ixim.  The  Porttij^urfe  g.ive  it  tliis  name 
of  Cobr.i,  that  is  a  Ihake,  from  the  many 
windings  of  its  courtl",  up  the  inl.ind,  for 
about  twenty  four  leagues,  thro'  the  coun- 
try of  liuira.  It  is  very  wideatthe  moutii, 
but  fo  fhallow,  that  boats  can  fcarce  pal's 
up  -,  however,  a  little  farther  in,  it  grows 
tleepcr  and  narrower,  and  fo  continues  for 


many  leagues ;  the  utmoft  extent  of  its  courle 
up  tlie  lountry  being  unknown.  Thole  who 
have  gone  three  d^ys  u[)  it,  allirm  it  to  be 
as  pleal.int  as  any  part  of  the  lo.ill  of 
dmniii,  not  excepting  i'fy/rc;,  nor //'/,/.<  or 
I'lii.t  \  both  the  banks  being  adorn'd  with 
line  lofty  trees,  all'ording  a  moll  agreeable 
fhade.  Nor  is  it  lef''  plealant  to  oblerve  the 
beautiful  birdy  ••■iinis  colours,  and  the 

monkeys  f)'  m  the  green  boughs,  all 

the  way  ah  .nd  to  render  the  voy.ige 

Hill  more  ii  iiglitlul  to  tr.ivellers,  when 
they  have  t.iiled  .ibout  .1  league  .mil  a  hall  up, 
they  ire  entert.iineil  with  the  prolpciitof  \.'.vi 
tine  jKipulous  vill.ige  of  .Iri'ii'n-,  llreti'hiii^; 
out  aliiiut  .in  i.i.g'.ijb  mile  along  its  wellerii 
fliore.  I  liglier  up,  are  the  fills  and  rocks 
above-mentiDiied  ;  where  the  lii.uki  diving, 
bring  up  mm  h  j;old.  About  that  place  ,irc 
levir.il  line  vill.igis,  i()mpoIed  ot  three  le- 
vei.il  n.itioiis.  I'lie  Hrll  of  them  on  ilic 
welt  lide  ot  the  river,  h /lniol'.  r  ;  the  next 
to  it,  A'.-o:roi- \  and  the  third,  Iginr.i.  An- 
iohi-rU  govenud  by  ks  king  ;  but  the  o- 
ther  two  are  lonimonvealthb. 

Formerly  tlieiX,.'.  '!'ilrovea  very  loiifuler.i- 
ble  trade  there,  .;ml  h.id  a  Ion  in  the  coun- 
try of'  /;'//;/,(  ;  Kir  b  fides  the  goldc.irryM 
thither  trom  .dl  other  parts,  the  country  it 
felt  has  tome   mines. 

Kiitgikm  (■/  .AxiM,  and  Dvtvu for! tl'tn: 

P>ROM  the  river  Cclini  to  the  Diitib 
■■'  fort  at  .hull,  the  coaft  runs  S  K,  all 
ovir  wooded.  This  kingdom  of  ytxim, 
vr  Ai:\i!,  or  AJ.cn,  exunds  about  ftven //i /■•„);, 
leagues  111  length,  from  the  river  of  ,//,it/v/- ''•""». 
to  the  vill. u;c  ot  lljriKi,  near  Bsutr\,  or 
BcCrcl-,  Handing  in  the  middle  of  the  fa- 
mous cape  'iici-PciUa!,  which  runs  out  to 
the  li.i  belwe  it.  I'his  kingdom  borders 
wedward  on  that  of  !>okjO,  northward  on 
that  of  li^iiir.i,  and  eallward  on  the  Aih\:i 
country  i  tiie  oieaii  being  on  the  fouth,  and 
the  coatl:  in  m my  jdaees  full  of  rocks  and 
clitis  great  and  Imall,  next  the  fea. 

The  country  has  very  many  large  and  '''"'X". 
beautiful  vill.iges,  all  of  them  extraordi- 
nary populous  tome  feated  on  the  fliore, 
and  others  farth^  up  the  inland.  The  molt 
confiderable  of  the  former  lie  about  the 
Dutch  fort,  .iml  at  Pccqwibe,  near  the  hill 
Mimfro,  or  cape  'Tici-Pontas.  The  iiiid 
is  well  cukivaied. 

The  inhabitants  are  generally  very  rich,  "''*'• 
driving  a  gre.it  trade  with  the  Eurcpiwn"^"' 
for  gold,  moll  of  which  they  tell  to  the  Kir^- 
ijh  and  Zcaliiihl  inteilopcrs,  notwithft.in.i- 
ing  the  fevere  pen.dties  above-mcntion'd  ;  fo 
that  the  D:i!i  /•  eomp.  ny  has  not  above  the 
hundredth  p.irt  of  the  gold,  that  coafl  af- 
fords. The  great  plenty  ol  gold  brought 
down  iiiihcr  from  the  wealthy  country  ot" 

Aih'if. 


OK  III 

iric 

vlio 

•  be 

of 

or 

Mitli 
able 
;  tlic 

vhcii 
t  111), 

■hiiif? 
Horn 

Kllks 

A'lni-',, 

Cl'  .MC 
t'C  U'- 

II  the 

I'  next 

J>i- 

l\i:  o- 

ruicr.i- 
touii  • 
arryM 
lUry  it 


Diilih 
M.  all 
tsim, 

fcVl'll  llihlir., 

CllC  t',1- 

out  to 
loiJcrs 

oil  " 

liudt 
and 
and 


Chap.  2.  Coafts  of  Sour  n-Qv\SE\. 


I4P 


,e 


and  '■'"■■i" 

ordi- 
lliore, 

molt 

t  the 
K  hill 

C  l.Uld 

Ri.i., 

lixii. 
■Cpi'dlli 

Ic  AV.y- 
la.m.l- 
I'd  i  lb 

Ivc  the 
laltat- 
rou;^;ht 
Itiy  of 


Ac  horn- 


A\Ira 


Jill. 


Jftiff,  bffide^  what  the  niinrs  of  l^uira 
|ii()ihKC,inakrsa  llouridiinmoinincnci  and 
tlKTclorc  ./v/"<  was  by  /■'.urof,;in  trailers 
jiiokM  upon  as  tlit;  bc(b  plair  tor  (;old,  and 
loiili'iiurntly  nuicli  rcfortcil  to  i  but  dc- 
rliiud  very  iinuli  in  theycar  i()H  i,  by  rca- 
fon  of  liie  loMj^  wars  ihit  had  then  been 
liciwccn  Jill. I  and  .•/</;/«,  which  alinofl 
liilpcoplid  thi;  country,  and  airordin[»ly 
riiimd  ihi' trade  ;  in  fo  much,  that  it  could 
fiaric  be  rtllor'd  in  ten  years  to  us  lor- 
mcr  condition,  as  the  fifcal  ot  /Ixwi  dc- 
ciar'd  to  nic. 

I'hc  v:lla;^e,  or  town  ot"  .■lihomlinii;  lies 
Urctch'd  out  in  a  line,  under  tiie  coiiiniand 
cit  the  Villi  h  tort,  having  a  wood  bchinil  it, 
which  ionics  down  witii  adelient  •,  and  be- 
fore the  village  a  fine  I'paiious  flranil,  ot 
hard  land,  and  a  great  number  ot  coco  and 
other  trcis  planti  d  at  eciual  ililtanres  amony; 
the  houfes,  along  the  village,  which  make 
the  prolpidl  very  plealant. 

The  little  fhallow  river  /Ixim,  runs  thro* 
the  village,  cominR  down  Irom  the  country 
of  Igiw.i,  and  fupplyiuf'  it  widi  trefh  water. 
'I'liis  river  is  IcariediUernilile  at  th=  mouth, 
nothing  appearing  but  a  liale  gentle  over- 
Ik  iwing  ot  its  water  over  tin-  (Vrand,  which 
lallr.  into  the  ocean  near  the  lort. 

The  llrand  i:.  all  as  it  were  tenced  in 
witii  abundance  ot  greater  and  linaller  rocks, 
lonie  Handing  out  in  the  lea,  and  others 
nearer  the  Ihore  -,  which  renilers  the  accel's 
to  it  hizardous  and  diiricult,  the  lea  break- 
in;;  Inrioufly  on  the  laid  rocks,  when  it 
blows  hard. 
Tin  S;.  I'ort  Si,  Antony  is  fi ated  on  a  large  high 
tony,  rock,  running  out  tiom  the  Ihore  to  the 
lea,  in  the  nature  ot'  a  narrow  peninlula, 
widiahigh  rounil  rocky  head,  on  which 
the  lort  Ihwulsi  lo  encompals'd  on  every 
fide  with  IcfTer  rocks  and  i  lilts  that  the 
only  .aciefs  to  it  is  on  the  lanil  fide,  where 
it  is  well  fortitied  with  breaft-works,  a 
draw-briilge,  and  a  battery  of  good  large 
puns  to  cover  the  whole. 

The  rock  on  which  the  fort  is  built  being 
of  a  fmall  compals,  the  whole  work  is  fo  ; 
and  therefore  from  Ibmedillance  out  at  lea, 
it  looks  like  a  large,  loky  white  houfe. 
This  fort,  with  the  village  yhhjinbenc,  and 
tlie  land  behind  it,  and  the  feveral  high  and 
low  rocks,  which  cover  the  llrand,  all  to- 
gether yield  a  plealant  profped,  bdl  of  va- 
riety, from  about  two  Englijh  miles  at  lea 
tiiftance. 

Ihe  natives  iifually  dcpofite  their  goods, 
wives  and  chililren,  on  fome  ot  thele  rocks, 
or  in  leiir'd  woods,  when  tl\ey  arc  to  take 
il'.e  field  againl't  their  enemies,  that  they 
may  be  fecure,  in  cafe  they  lole  the  day. 
The  fame  is  done  by  feveral  /«iii../;  nations 
in  Jii'.truiu  and  fo  it  was  formerly  by  the 

\'o  r,.  V. 


/Imoriifs,  leaving  a  guard  with  their  fimilieslicn  ,r 
in  li)me  place  ol  llrencth.  ^*VNJ 

I'he  l'oit:i)'iii-j'(f  built  this  fort,  where  it 
now  llands,  and  gave  it  the  name  ot  St. 
.inteny,  which  it  Itili  retain;.  In  the  day* 
ol  king  i'.maniH-l  ol  PuittifiM,  thole  people 
had  ereitcd  another,  on  a  little  lie.id  on  ihc 
Ihore, near  the  vill.ige, which  they  were  toned 
toilimoli  Ii,  brcaule  of  the  lre(]uent  attaiki 
the  natives  iiia.Ie  upon  it,  and  thru  Imdc 
thii  in  ,1  place  ol  more  delencc  and  natural 
llrength. 

The  Dtitih  took  this  tort  from  the  /'«;•- 
tii^ueje  by  force  ot  arms,  on  ihe  ninth  of 
Jamiun,  104:1  and  in  the  enfuini^  treaty 
ot  |)cace  between  Purlii^ul  aiul  t/.llanJ, 
it  was  yielded  up  to  the" A(/.  A //'/■//-///,//.* 
lompany,  which  poirelles  it  at  prelenr. 

The  lort,  we  laid  before,  is  not  gnai,  but 
huidlomely  built,  being  iriini);'  ,  .iml 
llioiig  by  ii;iture.  Ii  has  two  baiti  r;es  on 
the  land  fule,  .iiul  one  to  the  lea,  withjiio- 
per  out-worlis,  which,  as  svi.ll  as  the  walli 
are  ol  blat.k  Itone  of  the  louniry,  low  to 
the  Ira,  becaule  the  rock  is  tin  re  high  and 
deep,  and  much  higher  towards  the  land. 
There  wt  re  twenty  two  iron  guns  on  the  bat- 
teries, when  I  was  there,  bcfules  fome  p.n- 
tarcroes.  The  gate  of  the  tort  is  low,  and 
well  fecured  by  a  ililill,  eight  loot  ileep, 
cut  in  the  roek,  .ind  over  ic  a  draw-bridge, 
defemledby  two  pattareroes  1  befulesa  tpur, 
that  can  contain  twenty  men,  aiul  Icveral 
lU'ps  cut  in  the  roik,  like  1  irs,  to  get  up 
to  the-  tort  throiigl)  the  fpur. 

The  chief  taCioi's  houle  is  neatly  built  Fii.7^r'j 
of  brick,  and  liigh.   In  ing  tri  iiu  ul.ir,   with*'"/'' 
only  three  tronts ;  belcjre  one  ot  wiiicli,  on 
the  welt  fide,  is  a  very  fmall  I'pot  of  ground, 
planted  with  a  few  orange-trees. 

This  place  is  g(rnerally  garrifoned  with 
twenty  live  white  men,  and  as  m.'.ny  liLhh, 
under  a  lergeant,  in  the  company's  pay  ; 
and  if  Will  tbored  with  provilions,  may  hold 
out  agiinll  an  army  of  the  natives.  One 
inconvenieiicy  here,  as  will  as  ataM  the  other 
torts  on  this  co.i  11  is,  that  the  violent  rains 
of  the  winter  fealbn,  caule  the  w.dls  to 
moulder  away  in  feveral  places,  and  it  re- 
quires .1  continual  charge  to  repair  and  keep 
them  in  good  order  ;  tiir  which  reafon,  the 
Diilih  have  a  lime-kiln  near  the  village, 
to  make  lime  ot  oyftcr-fliells,  whereof  there 
is  great  plenty  at  Asim,  lb  as  not  only  to 
ferve  the  fort,  but  to  liipply  other  places 
along  the  coalt,  and  even  Min:i. 

Ihe  Natives, 
r\\'  Achomhnic,   are  moft  of  them  filTier- t-»r_^v  rj- 
^^  men,  .w<.\  make  large  canoes  of  aeon-"""' 
liilerable  burden,  to  fell  to  foreigners,  for 
their  ulb  \.\\x\n  the  (ioLl  Coalt,  and  at  Fida 
and  Artlra,    to  pal's  over   the   bars,    antl 
<i,q  carry 


;i 


i^o 


A  Defiriptioft  of  the 


Book  III 


|J'-'M!i 


1  ■    If 


i.'i^       r 


1 


•S] 


1  ■'    ^i-  i'J 


IIaimum  cjrry  tliiir  potxli  iiui  provifions  aloiin  thi' 

P«.<*.^  1  lie  country  jinxiuces  iiluiiul.incc  of 
rito,  w.iter-iuelonj,  .m.inan,  roios,  ban.in.u, 
oi.in;',is,  Iwett  .iml  lour  Imons,  .mil  otiier 
fiiiii  .ind  r.illitinn  •,  but  no  ptrat  <)U.iritity 
ot  m.ii/,  nor  lo  Iweit  as  is  u;imi(  r.illy  in  o- 
ihrr  jurts()»  till.'  (iol.lCuall,  licc.uilf  of  Kxi 
muih  wet  ■,  tlic  l.iml  Inini',  umtmiully 
mori'  moilhnM  with  r.nn,  than  .iny  other 
pl.ifc  about  it :  inloimii  h,  tli.ic  tlic  Blach 
Will  tell  you,  the  wtt  wcithtr  l.ills  iltrvcn 
months  ami  twtnty  nine  ilays  in  .»  yt.ir, 
tiiiri'  Ik  mi.';  U  ,iric  .i  d.iy  ot  l.iir  dry  wc.itlicr, 
ami  liicn  lore  only  rite  and  trees  ^^row  to 
perffdiDn,  other  thin^^s  being  lOiiinionly 
I'lioilM  by  roo  inucli  inoilhii-e. 

I  liTi  h  ,illo  yl  nty  of  ihecp,  cows,  goats, 
Cs'r.  anil  abunilanci-  of  wild  and  tame 
piJj^con^,  and  othir  fowl  of  fcviral  forts. 
'I'll;'  palin-wini.'  u  .illb  very  common  and 
CX'  tlK-nt  i  and  the  ajX's  hiu  and  gamc- 
liiiiu'. 

'rotoncUulc,  this  pi  ice  in  my  opinion 
is  tl.  ■  ir.oll  tiuipiinyof  any  on  all  thoioatl 
o(  (»/((w./,  rikinj^  one  tluni^  with  anothir. 
^'ou  have  there  a  pcipetual  gr  •enncls,  whieh 
fllioris  u  comloit.ibic  (h.iile,  aj^ainlt  the 
rcorcliiiiiH  heat  of  the  fun,  under  the  lofty 

film  anil  other  trees  {il.intul  .ihout  the  vil- 
i}.i,c,  with  a  Iwect  harmony  of  many  binls 
ol  l-veral  Ions  perihini^  on  them.  The 
w  dk  on  the  low  tlat  llr.md  alonj;  the  Ica- 
lidc,  is  no  lefs  pleaf.uu  at  eirtain  hours  of 
tlie  day  i  and  trom  the  platlorni  of  the  fort 
is  a  moll  dfliglittu;  ^rolpert  of  the  ocean, 
and  the  m  my  rocks  and  fmall  lilaiuls  about 
it;  whiih  atVortl  but  one  late  |),dfige  tor 
boats  and  canoes  to  come  to  tin-  Ikrand. 
Notwithll.'.nding  all  thele  .idvantaj^es,  it  is 
not  lo  healthy  as  other  places  on  the  coall, 
becaufc  of  the  dampnels  ot  the  air,  cfpe- 
cially  in  the  winter  fealon. 

PowtK   of  I  be  Dutch. 

n,i-.h  T"  UK  Drt'i/j  Olp.T-K'jo/miui,  or  ciiitf 
f^thnmi-  tador,  has  an  abfolute  authority  over 
thttiiy.  the  whole  country  of  ./x;//;  v  the  natives  be- 
iiifj;  lo  entirely  redue'd  under  fubiection  by 
thole  people,  th.it  they  dare  not  retufe  him 
any  thinf:!;,  hut  are  obliged  to  ferve  him  to 
the  iitmull  ;  nor  will  they  prelume  to  de- 
cide any  contioverfy  ot  moment  without  his 
knowlid;j,e  and  approbation  ;  he  being  as  a 
chief  jud^'-- or  juuice,  to  punilh,  even  the 
grcattll  of  the  BLuki.  AH  fines  impolcd 
are  paid  into  the  faid  factor's  hands,  who 
diltributes  them  to  the  injtir'd  pcrlbns,  firlt 
deducting  hii  own  fee.-,  which  are  very 
l.irf^e.  I  or  txample,  ifaAwi^be  fined  a 
hundred  erowns  lor  any  crime,  the  fadfor's 
fee-.  amuuiU  lo  two  thirds,and  the  aileinbly  of 


Citbacriros  has  the  other  third  ;  but  in  >  ale. .  | 
murder,  or  robbery,  or  eom|xllin^";  th>-m  to 
pay  thiirdibts,  three  fourths  of  the  whole  .ire 
the  plaintif 's,  and  the  other  fourth  is  for  the 
far^lor.md  ihv  (ial'dfiro  \  the  fnrmer  lakiii;, 
two  thuds  thereof,  and  the  latter  one. 

So  threat  IS  the  authority  of  this  latfhir  at 
Axwiy  and  tIiii(U[',hout  the  country  of  //// 
cobrr,  that  the  lilinki  dare  not  Ijulter  ,i 
criminal,  but  muff  deliver  him  up  to  be 
punilh'd  by  him,  according  to  his  oti'cnce, 
which  renders  that  |h)U  very  benclieial  , 
and  therefore  it  is  reckoriM  the  next  lo  th.ir 
general  at  Mina :  for  wh<n  rhe  gener.d's 
pl.ice  is  vacant,  the  chief  f.idfor  at  Axiin 
fucceeds  i^  that  cmploynwnr. 

The  tilliermen  pay  the  Duld  fae'tor  the 
eighth  |)art  of  all  the  lilh  they  take,  whieli 
is  (vctty  conlider.rhle,  there  being  many  of 
them  at  ,1xim,  as  has  been  fiid. 

Three  leagues  eal*^  of  the  Dutch  fort  of 
St.  /l>iion\,  is  the  hill  Muulm,  and  near  it 
the  village  Pm-qii:  n;  pretty  large  and  \o 
pulous,  one  y./;/  or  Juhn  being  captain  of 
It.  '1  he  hill  is  very  proper  to  build  a  tort 
on,  being  dole  to  the  firft  point  ot"  capec.i,'rT:c. 
Tiei-  Poiiias.  I'onrj,. 

This  cape  had  the  name  given  it  by  the 
lh/>tii^i(c:i\  from  its  three  points,  or  heads, 
like  three  little  lulls,  at  .i  tmall  dilbtue 
from  each  «)rlier.  It  runs  out  foiithward  to 
four  degr.  fiftetn  min.  north  latitude,  and 
the  diffances  between  the  three  heads  form 
two  bays  •,  on  the  fliorc  whereof  are  three 
villages,  /Iter,  /Iccuoii,  and  Injiiima,  or  as 
the  J'Jigli//.'  call  hDikiiko. 

yl cob  a  or  .icara  is  ar  rhe  bottom  of  theitm -.i. 
firff  bay,  from  the  well  rail  ward,  y/tci/on,'*!" 
another  village,  lies  on  the  afcent  of  the 
midille  heail  of  the  cnjx-,  on  the  north-eall 
fide  of  it  1  and  D:ki>ko  is  in  a  little  gulpli 
form'd  by  the  land,  between  the  head  or 
point  and  Acciwn. 

It  is  much  c-afier  to  come  up  with  boats 
to  the  two  firft  villages,  than  to  this  l.df, 
at  the  new  .uid  lull  moon,  bccaufe  ol  ,i 
ridge  of  rocks  .mil  Ihoals  at  the  mouth  oi 
the  gulph.  At  my  lalt  voy.age  I  had  a 
boat  overlet  there,  and  two  of  the  nun 
drowned  ;  and  another  time,  was  like  to  un- 
dergo the  fame  fate  my  fclf.  But  at  the 
firfl  and  laft  iiuarters  of  the  moon,  the  bar 
is  very  fifr  for  .my  boats  that  will  wood 
and  water  afliore  ;  there  being  other  necel"- 
farics  .illo,  as  maiz,  or  liuluin  wheat,  and 
poultry,  whereof  there  is  lufHiient  plenty, 
ar  cert.iin  times,  efixcially  towards  the  tn.l 
of  the  winter  feafon.  The  w.iter  is  ufually 
taken  there  from  a  I.irge  pond,  jutt  by  tlie 
ftrand  ;  but  Ibmetinics  the  fea  happens  to 
overflow  it,  and  then  frelh  w.iier  mull  be 
fetch'd  a  good  half  mile  up  the  land.  The 
wood  alio  is  fomttimes  cut  juft  by  the  fhore, 

and 


ir  ;■ 


looK  111,1*  Chap.  3.  Coaflt  of  South-Guinka. 


«?i 


.mil  It  otI'W  tiniM  .in  En^ltfh  mile  from  it, 
irp  the  toimtrv,  iH-liirvi  tiic  vill.i^p,    ;ij  tlic 
Ctit'oifiro  thmks  Hti  wliomurt  Iv-  |),iiil  Ik 
(ore  h.inil,   tor  tlu'  liberty  of  wcxxtin^  ami 
w.irring. 

'I'lic  iiMili"  i^  hero  but  inilifkrpnt,  as  well 
,n  at  till'  two.ibovc  m«nti<)ne<l  viltigis,  ihc 
lil.hki  ot  Infiama,  ami  the  .ul|aiciit  \\\n*, 
Ik  iiig.ilmoll  intr.ict.ihic,  ofa  turbulrnt,  vio- 
Imt,  kiLivilh  tcmiHT,  ami  great  adultcr.itcrs 
ot  (jold. 


Sonv  rcj-koti  ihe  atorclaii!  vilUget  to  \^e•  n\"iiiT 
lon^  tt)  the  |)ftiy  king  of  II'.uiImis  or  littl.  V^V^' 
J.iLi/liin,  tli.it  loiintry  ihu»  ininlirinn  tif- 
twixt  the  kiiindoni  ot  .  /.v»w  .uul  ili.it  ot  ///;/.!  > 
hut  wlictlicr  It  U'lboriiot.Hiitrcr'  not  nun  h. 

'I'lii'  whole  ciiiintty  .ilioiit  i  .{[>:  Tr,-}/''  ni  >, 
is  hilly  ami  wotxleil  1  one  Ibrt  ot  w  hich  vsooil 
iH  yellow,  will  reof  very  tine  ih.iirs,  bcili, 
tables,  .11)1.1  oilier  luiullioKI  j'.ooils  arc  iii.ulc. 
'I  here  are  m.iiiy  ot  iliis  lort  (it  trtf',.it  Aoiia, 
cl|>CLially  bciiiml  the  liruiJail'hr^intoa, 


c:  H  A  p.    III. 
TJbe  kingdom  of  Anu,  and  comimnjji'aUh  $J  Adoin,  dtjlnbcd. 


Anta  Kindoom. 
rvifPiMiiinr^HF.  kinj.;ili)ni  ot  . •//«/!/,  or  Haute,  .is 

innUrhi.  ^  ihc  Htacks  call  ir,  bi>;ms,  ardirdiii'i  to 
the  (omnion  .iCiepi.itKin,  atilu;  vilh^e  II  - 
lira,  Ix'tween  hijlamu  and  the  c.iyc  or  lic.ul  ot 
Hoetroc,  and  extends  eallwird  10  5r//«<»,wiir-ri' 
it  borders  on  thatot  "Jabs,  whiih  is  it.seallcrn 
boundiry.  On  ihc  north  it  has  .idem,  on 
the  north  north-well  Momp/t,  on  the  noitii- 
well  J.;iitni,  on  the  weft  InkjfT.'n  ,ind  /htm, 
.ind  on  the  loiith  and  fouili  e.ill  the  Ocean. 
It  is  .ibout  ten  logues  troin  call  to  well,  ami 
tull  ot  iiilis,  covered  with  very  tine  l.irye 
trees.  The  v.dleys  between  the  hills  are  fpa  ■ 
cious,  the  Coil  proper  tor  prmUu  inji;  of  all 
torts  ot  truit  and  |i|,iius,  as  b.ini^  well  wi- 
ter'd  I  ami  produces  abumiiince  ot" extraor- 
dinary ;);oo<l  rice,  I'wrct  lid  m.xv/.  Qximlian 
corn,  which  is  the  bell  fort,  iiotatoes,  yams, 
ami  liigar-rancs,  larger  and  in  greater  plenty 
ih.in  in  .my  other  place  along  tin-  coall ,  efjie- 
cially  ..bout  tlic  river  BudroH  ;  where,  it  the 
land  were  l.iiil  (Hit  and  improved,  as  in  ,■/• 
iiicrh\t,  it  would  richly  .int'wer  the  eoft  and 
trouble  ot  plantation-,  and  fugar-works. 

It  alio  alVords  the  very  bell  Ibrt  of  p.dm- 
winc  and  oil,  in  great  (]iiantities -,  alio  coco- 
nuts, ananas,  oranges,  linall  Kinons,  ijr. 
and  all  Ibrts  of  tame,  as  well  as  wild  bealls, 
elepluiiits,  tygers,  wild  cats,  deer,  ferpents, 
lonie  ot  them  above  twenty  loot  long,  and 
others  Imaller. 

The  whole  country  abounds  in  villages, 
well  peopled  -,  the  air  is  the  wholiibmell  on 
the  coaft,  th'j  country  being  open,  .mdmn 
li)  woody  as  in  (Hlvr  parts.  It  is  watered  by 
a  Irefh  river,  which  runs  by  the  Dutch  fort 
at  B'leltve,  from  the  inward  part  ot  the  coun- 
try, .uiorned  with  curious  tall  trees  on  bnth 
fules,  artbrding  a  plealant  fliade,  almoll  a- 
crols  it.  The  mangroves  which  grow  a- 
long  the  banks,  under  the  lotiy  trees,  are 
loadcii  with  oylters,  growing  to  the  boupjis. 
It  is  navigable  about  tour  leagues  up  from 
the  lea,  but  is  impaflable  any  higher,   by 


i'lM, 


imiry. 


reaHm  of  the  vaft  water  f'all>,  tuniMinfj 
ilown  troiii  therexkb.  Ii  Iw.h  nr.  w.lli  ar  in- 
credible nuiviber  of  crocodl.s,  wliicli  Iced 
on  \.\v  tilh  the  river  abounds  in,  liui.  is  no 
conceiving  what  a  prodigious  numlnr  ol 
monkeys,  of  Icveral  liiris,  there  ii.ill  .ibout 
this  country.  I  carritil  luiiv:  .0  /'j/,'j,  wlmh 
were  look'd  upon  as  the  finell  and  molt 
ganielonie,  of  any  ever  brought  thithir. 

The  principal  vill.igesol  /li.:a,  .ilongt!iC(v//^j„. 
fca-coall,  ,ire  Ikcliot-  or  /loiiii\,  J\y,i,ior 
l'tlri-(iratili\  Pando,  TaiOrnry,  the  largell 
ufall,  Saiun,ic,  Anta,  and.S'dmd,  all  trailin^i; 
places. 

Boclroi  is  leated  on  a  little  river,  at  the  |j„j,rot, 
toot  of  a  high  hill,  on  which  ilie  Dtiithhivcf-ilUit. 
a  fmall  irregular  fort,  being  an  oblo.'g,  .ind 
divideil  into  two  p.irts,  detemled  by  t ."  o  very 
indilliirent  lotteries,  mounted  with  eight 
fmall  guns.  'I'his  lort  was  erei^tid  by  one 
Carol''/,  in  the  fervice  of  the  D.  tch,  with 
the  content  of  the  king  of  ,/;;/.;,  to  whom 
it  pays  a  yeaily  tribute  in  gold,  and  was 
called  Had  iiJcH  or  Hateiijir.ii.  It  com- 
mands the  vill.igc  of  lioetrov.  This  vill.igc 
i^  thinly  iicopfil,  and  its  trade  very  in- 
confiderable,  and  would  Itili  be  lei's,  were 
It  not  for  the  inland  HLuks,  wlio  now  and 
then  rclort  tliither  from  //Vm  and  other 
parts,  bringing  very  good  gold.  In  KjS', 
when  1  w.is  tlure,  the  trade  w.is  very  dull, 
becaufe  of  the  precedent  w.ir  betwixt 
jidoin  and  .biia,  which  ended  in  16S1,  bur 
had  to  dilp.opled  the  towns  and  vill.igcs  of 
An! J,  that  leveral  li.id  not  ten  f.imilies  Ic  C 
in  them;  but  at  my  arriv.il,  the  commerce 
Ix-gan  a  little  to  revive,  by  the  coming  down 
of  {.he  /Jdom  Ii!,ick.<.  The  king  of  .A)/,;  re- 
iides  alwut  tour  leagues  from  the  tort,  up  the 
inland,  and  is  often  at  variance  with  the  a- 
forefaid  Rln<k:  of  .-/Jjiii  \  their  territories  ly- 
ing in  fucii  manner,  that  they  extend  be- 
tween the  I  ivers  Hami}  or  Chama  and  Cohrii, 
diftant  near  twenty  leagues  from  each  otii  r, 
along  the  co.ilt,  and  feem  to  go  up  the  river 

Samu 
2 


I*)! 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  III 


W^    ■  ■  ill  1  i' 


ivm'i 


M-i' 


.C, 


ill 


Bau  rot.  Sama  in  a  line,  and  then  to  turn  with  a  nar- 
y^V^  row  flip  away  to  Cobra.     The  Dutch  reckon 
the  air  of  flof/rc:''  the  wholefomeft  of  all  the 
GolJ-CoaJ},  in  the  winter  feafon. 


VitUincus 

TtpHbli- 

c»ns. 


Voven 


Witfcn 
Dutcli 
fort. 


Adom  Commonwealth, 
TS  governed  by  feveral  of  the  prime  men, 
■*■  as  a  rcpublick,  and  migi.t  raife  a  power- 
ful army,  were  the  governors  unanimous. 
Tills  commoi,.veiilth  of  /l:hin  is  a  plague  to 
all  its  neighbours,  tfpecially  to  the  Ante/tans 
and  /Incobiriuii,  being  no  better  than  a  con- 
gregat.'on  of  thieves  and  villains,  outrageous, 
r.:lUcls,  cruel,  and  bloody  in  their  wars; 
taking  a  delight  to  fuck  the  blood  out  of  the 
wounds  of  I  heir  enemies,  for  fpite  and  hatred, 
Poyra  or  Pdrs-Grands  and  Pandos  or 
Pifiipfuis,  two  villages  between  5(?c//cf  and 
Tct'onir\,  arc  very  indifferent  places  for  trade, 
being  inhabited  by  none  but  husbandmen 
and  fifhcnncn.  The  country  about  pro- 
duces abundance  of  maiz  or  hiclum  wheat ; 
and  thefe  two  places  are  known  from  fea  by 
a  valt  rock  near  the  (hore,  which  the  Blacks 
worllii[)  as  a  deity,  as  they  do  the  other 
rock,  lying  before 'JdiTcn!'');  whereof  I  Ihall 
lay  more  hereafter,  on  account  of  the  fuper- 
ftition  of  the  Blacks. 

Tacorary  principal  Tow^f. 

'T'J'orar};  the  principal  town  on  the  coaft 
■*  of ,-/«.'  J,  ftands  on  the  top  of  a  hill, 
which  buts  at  S  E.  into  the  fea,  with  fe- 
veral rocks  about  it,  fome  of  them  above, 
and  others  under  water  -,  running  out  near 
two  Enii'ijh  n)iles  to  ^f:,\,  as  ;ipj)ears  by  the 
breaking  of  tlie  waves  upon  them.  Tjie  town 
is  cafdy  feenfrom  fea,  when  you  are  pafs'd 
iheliiidrockt.  The  land  behind  the  town, 
is  no  kfs  agreeable  than  chat  about  BouPy, 
but  rather  exceeds  it ;  t!ie  vales  being  ex- 
txtiemely  fertile  and  delightful,  as  are  the 
plains,  fome  of  them  very  fpacious,  ana 
adorned  with  lofty  trees  and  plealant  woods. 
Between  the  rows  of  trees,  the  pachs  are 
covered  with  wiiite  fand  j  on  which  are  im- 
printed the  ibotfteps  of  various  v/ild  bealls, 
as  ek'phants,  tygers,  deer,  iJc.  asalfoof 
tame  cat  lie. 

The  Dutch  had  formerly  a  fmall  fort  here, 
built  on  a  hill,  at  fome  dillance  from  the 
town,  calleil  fort  fyit/eii,  which  the  E)iglij','j 
took  from  \.\v-m  by  llorm,  in  the  year  1 664, 
under  commodore  llo!me>.  The  Dutch  re- 
took it  the  ntxt  year  under  admiral  Ruxter, 
wlio  caulcd  it  to  be  blown  up,  as  a  place  of 
fmall  conlcqiience,  having  only  Icven  or 
tight  fmall  guns,  and  of  great  expeiice  to 
m.iMuain;  I'o  he  [)uc  tothefword  the  inhabi- 
tuitsof  the  town,  and  burnt  it.  The  ruins 
t'!"  the  for  are  Hill  to  be  fee  u,  the  A\t;///?), 
Djtcb,  Dui  J,  Su!,:dci,  and  U>:iiikiihiir^en, 
jiaving  all  poffefled  it  fucctflively.     'The 


Dutch  have  a  houfe  there  at  prefent,  but  are 
often  obliged  to  forfakc  it,  being  frequently 
alTaulted  and  beatoffby  the5/.(f;tj,  whoftiU 
remember  the  former  Dutch  expedition,  and 
the  cruelties  then  exercifed  on  the  native-. 

There  are  French  authors,  who  pretend, 
this  fort  was  firft  crefted  by  ibme  of  their 
nation  -,  but  I  could  not  be  convinced  of  it 
upon  examination. 

The  Tacorarians  have  a  peculiar  art  at  ma-  Lar^t  u- 
king  the  fineft  and  largell  canoes  of  all  the  """■ 
coalt  of  Guinea,  of  the  fingle  trunk  of  a  tree  ; 
being  thirty  foot  long,  and  fevenor  eight  in 
breadth,  which  will  carry  above  ten  tun  of 
goods,  with  eighteen  or  twenty  BLicks  to 
paddle  them. 

The  Ihips  bound  hrlFida  at^<.]Ardra,  com- 
monly furnifh  themfelvcs  here  with  i'uch  ca- 
noes, as  well  as  at  Axim,  and  give  the  va- 
lue of  forty  or  fifty  pounds  fterling  in  goods, 
for  one  of  the  largelt  canoes. 

The  inhabitants  of  Tacorary  being  a  crafty  j„i,i,i,;. 
treacherous  people,  they  have  buclittletradewwfj. 
tho'  (hips  can  ride  fafe  in  the  bay,  into  which 
the  fmall  river  of  St.  George  empties  itlelf, 
about  a  league  to  the  eallward  of  the  town. 

The  coalt  afibrds  vaft  quantities  of  oy- 
fters,  the  Ihells  llrving  to  make  lime  ;  and 
along  it  are  (bme  large  rocks,  to  which  the 
Blacks  pay  their  devotions. 

Other  Villages, 

•TP  H  E  village  Sacunde  is  feated  at  the  other  Sacundc. 

■*■  corner  of  the  bay,  being  as  rich  a  place 
in  gold,  and  as  healthy,  as  any  along  that 
coall.  The  ircnch  formerly  had  a  lettle- 
ment  there  1  at  prelt-nt  iheEn^Hjh  and  Dutch 
have  each  of  them  a  (Irong  Houfe. 

Aiitj  and  Boare  are  two  Imall  villages,  be-  M\umJ 
tween  Sacunde  inii  Sama,  not  confidcrableBoaic. 
(or  any  gold  trade,  unlefs  by  accident.  The 
country  behind  them  is  very  hilly  and  wootly. 
Antd  is  only  famous  for  the  great  quantity  ol 
excellent  palm-wine  it  produces,  for  which 
the  Blacks  refort  thither,  from  fifteen  or 
twenty  leagues  about,  and  tarry  it  to  fell  all 
along  the  Gold-Coaft.  The  land  about  /hti 
¥■  very  fertile,  producing  abundance  of  all 
forts  of  herbs,  roots,  and  fruit,  and  ilored 
with  goats  and  poultry.  The  (tones  here  are 
of  a  dark  ruddy  colour.  Several  of  the  na- 
tives of ///;/</  are  aflhfted  with  ravenous  ap- 
petites, thought  to  proceed  from  their  drink- 
ing a  fort  of  palm-wine,  c.dled  Crijia. 

The  gold  is  brought  hither  from  Iguira 
and  Mom; a,  when  the  people  of  Mom  grant 
free  paflage  through  their  country  j  lo  that 
fometimes  there  is  an  indilierent  good  trade 
at  Anta,  and  Ibmetimes  nor,  according  to 
the  humour  of  the  people  uf  yldi,m,  towartis 
the  adjacent  nations,  being  poiltntd  ol  the 
palles  the  inland  merchants  mult  tome 
through  to  traile  on  the  coall ;    by  which 

means 


30K  III. 

t  are 
ently 
3  Hill 
,  and 
c;. 
tend, 
thtir 
of  it 

It  ma-  Lar^t  cj. 

ill  the  '""■ 
.  tree  •, 
ght  in 
;un  of 
cks  to 

,  Corn- 
ell c.i- 
he  v.i- 
goods, 

crafty  j„hdi. 
trade  ■,<»»)(/. 
1  which 
i  itlclf, 
town, 
of  oy- 
ev  and 
ich  the 


\t  Otlier  Sacuniii 
a  place 
mgthat 
Ictik- 
1  Dutch 


;cs,  be-  Ama.i»J 
krahlcBoiir 

It.  The 
ivoiidy. 
|iitifyot 

whicli 

■en   or 

fell  all 
It  /fnt.'i 

of  all 

llored 

icreare 

:lv.'  na- 

lus  aji- 

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llguiia 

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trade 
ling  to 
l>\vartl'> 

A  the 

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■which 

Ineaiis 


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-;|^:i^-^: 

>•':    i  '  ;  '■,■ 

r.*'f. 


m 


n'i: 


Chap.  5-  Coafls  o/' South-Guinea.' 


i?J 


Sica. 


P.'C 

pi. 


means  the  pcoplf  o[  .Llom  li.'.vc  the  oppor- 
tunity of  LiiriLliing  tliciiililvis  ;  btliJcs  that 
ihcy  have  fcveral  {;oUi  mines  witiiout  their 
ov.ii  tevritiirics.  '1  htir  wvaitii  anil  numbers 
have  ib  pufied  thtiii  up,  that  thole  who  are 
fo  (.leal  with  ih;  ni,  uiiy;iit  to  beliave  thcm- 
itlvcs  witii  lingular dillrction. 

i',(«i,'Mson  ahiU,  watcreil  by  the  little  ri- 
ver oi^t.  G<:''>i'\  running  at  the  foot  ol"  the 
r.iitlhili,  and  iii;.-nce  to  the  lea.  I'here  are 
about  two  hundred  houlis  or  rabbin's,  fo  lea- 
ted,  a:i  to  Ibrni  tluee  linall  vill.ij',  .1  together  v 
one  of  which  is  jull  under  the  Dulch  fort  of 
iV.  H'batVun.,  fo  n.inied  by  fhe  Porlir^iicfe, 
wiio  built  it,  and  from  whom  it  was  t.iken 
b,'  the  DiiLi.'.  The  [ilace  is  populous,  but 
tiie  inii.diiiants  the  poorclt  on  that  co.dl. 

Th,  fort  is  .iboui  tlie  lame  eonipafs  as  that 
p.t  E  !iti\;  but  fonieuhat  longer  ;  ha\'ing 
f lur  linall  b.itt.ries  ,\nd  eight  guns.  \n  the 
vMi's  between  I'M^LuiJ  and  IfJt:tiiJ,  it  was 
;-,l'ivjlt  laid  level  with  the  ground,  being 
or\y  encloled  with  ()alifadoes,  which  moved 
the  i'.n'jjijb  to  atiaci-:  it,  in  conjunction  with 
l\\c  IHa.hoVyahs.,  but  were  repullld  ;  and 
thin  the  D::l  b  fmillv.'d  ir. 

Tiii-.  fmall  fort  looks  indifierent  v.'tll  fi'om 
tiie  11- 1,  but  cannot  be  lien  till  you  are  to  the 
fouihward  of  it,  and  then  fliows  like  a  white 
hojfe.  Tf.e  lodgings  in  it  are  pretty  con- 
venient, and  it  is  will  feated  for  the  trade 
with  .hbm  anti  IViiJb.u  ;  wliich  nations  come 
tlown  hitiier  to  purchafe  Euro; an  goods  for 
gold,  and  tr.inlport  iliem  to  very  remote  in- 
fuul  cou!iti-ies  who  tliey  lay  fell  them  again 
to  others  b.'yond  them,  fuppofed  to  be  Ibme 
Moorijh  inhabitants  along  the  river  Ni^cr,  by 
the  account  the  Blacks  v^wc  of  them,  and  of 
their  fbrtrcires. 

The  Dutch  have  almofl  the  (ame  autho- 
rity over  the  ULich  oiS.tm:',  asover  thole  of 
.■him;  but  thev  I'ay  a  yearly  duty  to  the 
king  ol  Giii:,  for  the  fort,  th.it  being  a  con- 
venient place  lor  their  Ibips  to  water,  wood, 
and  llijiply  themfclv.'s  with  other  ncceiriries. 
'J"he  right  road  to  anchor  belore  this  ji!  ire  is 
in  nine  i.itho'n  water,  oii/.y  ground  about  a 
l.v.gue  from  the  fliore,  ha\'ing  tl;e  fort  at 
no  ih-vvell  and  by  well. 

The  river  St.  'Juan  at  uS'.iw,?,  takes  its  coui  fe 
from  the  fort,  pafTuig  by  tlve  countries  of 
'7.;.''-t,  Ado.n,  and  'Jnij'er  -,  and,  as  t!ie  natives 
report,  reaches  four  hundretl  leagues  ui'  the 
country,  being  not  altogether  fo  large  as  Rh 
C.-.hra.,  but  wide  enough,  and  navigable 
fome  way  up,  by  which  the  D'.'.tch  receive  a 
corfider.dile  adv.uitage -,  for  b.dides  the  frefh 
water,  it  furnillKs  the  fort  with  fuel  and 
wood,  as  well  as  the  lliips.  And  were  it  not 
for  thefe  advantages,  they  would  not  kei  p  ir, 
the  tr.ide  bcingfo  inci)nliderable,and  the  keep- 
ing ol  it  fo  very  expenlivc.  Helides,  that  they 
arecontinually  plagued  with  a  villainous  fort 
ofliliuh,  amongit  whom  thole  ol  Mom.nf: 

Vol.  V. 


none  of  the  beft,  whole  couPiry  ftretches  it-  RAuimr. 
ftlfina  llreight  line  along  this  river,  and '*^Y"^ 
contains  feveral  iflands  in  the  midlt  of  it,  a- 
dorned  with  fine  towns  and  vill.igcs;  ami 
thence  llretches  fixtcen  leagues  weftwaril  to 
the  river  Ancober.  So  that  this  land  of  /Idoin 
mud  be  very  large. 

'I"he  Dutch  formerly  undertook  to  travel 
by  water,  towards  the  head  ot  thi'i  river,  up- 
on the  unanimous  report  of  the  inhabitants, 
that  it  came  down  thro'  countries  that  were 
very  rich  in  gold.  To  th.it  purpofe  they  lent 
fix  men  in  a  Hoop,  well  armed  antl  provided  i 
who  thirteen  days  after  their  departure  from 
the  fort,  returned  back  -,  having  tor  twelve 
days  together  rowed  againfl  a  violent  rapid 
llreani,  finding  the  river  choaked  with  abun- 
tl.uice  ot  rocks  and  Ihoals  juft  under  water, 
and  mighty  water-falls. 

I  have  already  faid  that  the  river  is  wide 
and  pr.it^icable  for  boats  and  Hoops  at  the 
mouth,  and  fome  leagues  upwards ;  but  I 
mull  warn  the  fiilors  againft  the  rock  called 
the  Sifgiir-Loi'f,  near  its  mouth,  elfe  they  may 
f])lit  on  it,  as  has  feveral  times  happened  ; 
and  fome  have  been  loft,  efpecially  if  the 
fea  hanpened  to  turn,  or  was  rough. 

I  r  ill  alio  warn  them  of  the  (lioal?  and 
rocks  that  lie  out  half  a  league  to  fea,  on  the 
coall  between  i'dwrt  and  Hoard  to  the  well- 
ward.  The  Bl.uks  call  this  river  Bo^hm-Pi.-, 
and  adore  it  as  a  god,  as  the  wortl  Bojj'um 
fignifics. 

The  Hl.tcks  of  the  little  territory  of  Tabcii, 
call  of  tliis  place,  fomewhat  up  tiie  country, 
bring  down  to  Sama,  their  corn,  Iriiit, 
plants,  chickens,  i^c. 

Jahs  Countrv. 
'~\r  H  F,  country  of  the  Jabs,  or  Talb.tb  as 
■^  the  EngHjb  call  ir,  commences  a  little  to 
the  eaflof  tort  St.  SebniHcin,  and  runs  a  tew 
leagues  up  the  inland, ami  along  the  fea-fliore 
to  that  of  Commany  or  Commendo  ;  being  but 
a  fmalldillridl,  not  very  potent,  tho'  th.e  firll 
kingdom  you  meet  witli  in  coming  from  tim 
higher  country. 

The  king  of  Jabs  is  as  poor  as  his  fubjefts 
tho'  his  little  kingdom  makes  a  confiderable 
advantage  of  planting  and  felling  maiz  every 
year  ;  fo  that  they  might  foon  grow  rich, 
ttid  not  their  powerful  neighbours  conti- 
nually tieece  and  keep  them  under-,  which 
they  are  not  able  to  prevent.  The  Adomc- 
Jians  value  the  king  of  Jabs  fo  little,  that 
they  lay,  oiw  nf  their  cbicf  i^overnors  (whom 
they  account  very  potent)  can  carry  the  kii.'i^ 
c/Jabs  tipo  I  his  horns. 

The  village  Abroby  is  the  only  notable  Airoi.y 
jilace  that  occurs  on  the  fea -coall,  of  this  •ti//''^'. 
little  country  of  Jabs,  being  Icated  in  a  bay, 
which  terminates  at  tl;-  rape  Alclca  de  Torres. 
Aldcn  in  rorln^uefe  fignifies  a  Village, 


:H   M 


:i. 


P 


Rr 


This 


!.•!■■  !'■ 


V,  ^' 


w 


WW 


1^4 


^  Defer ipt'ion  of  the 


Book  III.  r    Chap. 


L'v'-.no!-.  This  ■.illage  is  divided  into  two  parts.with 
-^^r^  very  l.ir^i;f  |)l.iiiv.  behind  it,  Ivtwixt  rhctown 
aui  the  liil'y  co'.'.ntiy  ;  which  iii.ikcs  the  co.ilV 
to  ajipfar  like  double  land  at  a  diit.ince  on 
the  lea.  I'iu'  coun'.ry  ahoul  prodiuvs  much 
tnaiz  and  poultry  •,  but  no  great  quantity  of 
gold  is  traded  lor  heiei  and  what  there  is,<!;c- 
n'-rally  dtbafed  with  brals,  copper,  or  lilver, 
as  well  as  at  molt  oft  he  betore-dclcribeil  places. 
To  coiichi'.le  with  thefe  countrie:,  ol  .ihrn 
and  Art. I  ;  i\\c  foil  is  very  {^oo.l  and  fruit- 
ful in  corn  and  other  product ;  which  it  af- 
fords in  fuch  I'lenty,  that  befides  what  llrvcs 
their  own  ufe,  they  always  expofe  ^reat 
quantities  to  fale.  They  have  competent 
numbers  of  cattle,  both  tame  and  wil,!,  and 
the  rivers  areabund.intly  (lored  with  filh  ;  fo 
that  nothing  is  wanting  for  the  fupport  of 
life,  and  to  make  it  cafy. 


The  inlia.bitants  of  the  m;,r"rime  towns 
make  a  confiderable  profit  of  the  filhcry, 
carryin^l  ^^^  filh  to  the  inland  countries  in 
exchange  of  other  things. 

J'ach  town  or  village  is  ruled  by  its  rc- 
fpcc'five  AViiZ/'o  or  julfice,  appointed  by  clu; 
kings  or  go\ernors.  For  llveral  years  the 
countries  of //v.w  and  Antf  were  accounted 
one  and  the  fame  nation,  very  ]iotent  and 
pop'iloi:s,  the  inhabitants  a  martial  people, 
and  tliJ  country  divitled  into  the  Upper  and 
J.oiij,r  J  in  1  A\'w  being  reckoned  ihe  for- 
mer, .uid  yl.ila  now  defcribed,  the  latter ; 
which  very  mu:h  annoyed  the  J)n/(i.>  with 
frequfntonfets;  but  through  their  continual 
wars  with  the  A ;om-'Ji.iii.',  and  their  otiicr 
neighbours,  they  are  lo  weakened,  that  no 
footlleps  of  their  prilline  glory  lemain. 


CHAP,     IV. 

'Defer ipt ion  of  the  kingdom  of  CommcnAo.  Obfirvat ions  for  trade.  The  cotti- 
Monu;ealt/jofM'm.\.  Theto^j:nof  that  name.  "Dif^ojition.,  etnj/lo)'tnaits,and 
behaviottr  of  the  natives,  fiCc. 


K 


I  r;  o  I)  0  M . 


'/I  fxttnt 
itAriti, 


1  li  E  kingdom  of  Great  Commeiulo  or 
Commaiiy  or  Aguajfo,  borders  wellward 


CoMMENDO 

T 

on  the  lands  of  Jiihs  and  Tabeu  ;  northwell 
on  Adorn  ;  north  on  AJrambce  ;  call  on  Od- 
dtiia  or  Miiui,  a  little  commonwealth  be- 
tween Commiiido  and  I'etu  ;  and  I'outh  on  the 
ijreat  Ocean ;  extending  but  about  five 
eagucs  on  the  coart,  and  is  about  as  broad 
as  long.  In  the  middle  of  it,  on  the  Ihaiul, 
Oommen- is  Li'.l'e  Commend)  or  Ek'<e-Tck\i,  as  the 
Aoicvn.  S.'a.  ks  call  it,  andfomc  Europeans,  L'ut'eCuin- 
many  ;  the  c.ipe.  Aldcude  Torres  bein^^on  the 
welt  of  it  i  and  Aiiipeiij  on  the  call  ■,  with 
fome  other  Imall  hamlets  between  them. 

This  kingdom,  in  former  times,  made  but 
one  and  the  fame  country  with  I-elu  and  .y,j- 
boe,  and  was  called  Adtjlfiiiy.  The  metropolis 
of  (he.it  Cotnmer.do,  is  Giiaffo,  the  ufual  rc- 
fidence  of  its  king  ;  b^ing  a  large  populous 
village  or  town,  leated  on  a  hill,  tour  le.igues 
up  the  inland,  from  LiltU  Crmmrndo.  The 
HolLiiukncM  this  town  o\'GuaJfo,Commj>iy 
Grande,  to  diltinguifh  it  from  Liltle  C.oinmu- 
wv  on  the  llrand,  which  the  natives  call  i.kke- 
fokki.  It  contains  above  four  hundred  houfes. 
Little  Commendo  was  divided  into  three 
parts,  containing  together  about  one  hun- 
dreei  and  fifty  houfes ;  but  molt  of  it  was  ac- 
cidentally burnt  not  long  ago,  which  caufed 
many  of  the  inhabitants  to  fettle  at  Ampem  '■ 
much  about  the  time  the  father  of  this  prc- 
ient  kingof  CoOTw.Wa  died.  Some  parts  of 
thetown  are  feated  on  a  little  rivulet,  which 
runs  into  the  fea,  forming  afmall  harbour  at 
the  mouch,  to  Ihelter  their  canoes  j  on  the 


Ou.ifTj 

ttWII. 


W\ 


wefl-fide  whereof  is  a  head  or  fmall  H  it  hill  ; 
the  ealf  fide  is  low  land  •,  but  the  landing  on 
the  Ifrand  V!  ry  diflicult,  becaufe  of  tlu-  iiar 
that  c:  olles  it.  The  accefs  to  the  lliorc  is 
mucii  eafier  in  the  morning. 

Moll  of  the  inhabitants  arc  J^:p'>-vi,-Ji  or 
Bro\ir>,  it  being  a  place  of  coiifiderablc 
trade  for  gold  and  flaves,  by  reafon  of  the 
many  Aidtncz  Blacks  who  come  down  to 
trade  with  the  European  fliips,  in  this  and 
the  adjiccnt  roads  of  this  coail. 

The  \illaia:  Lory  is  very  inconfidcrablc,  l.nr) -. 
as  well  as  Ainpeny  or  Ampeiia,  the  relidenee'"^'' 
of  one  CuiiiOinns,  a  black  of  Commendo,  who 
was  fent  by  the  king  into  Frame  in  1671,  in 
quality  ol  envoy  to  the  I'rcncbVm^,  to  in- 
vite him  to  fend  over  his  fubjedts  to  ered  a 
fortrefs  at  Co/n-'nido,  and  fettle  a  trade  with 
hislubjedts:  tlie  Comman'iuns  having  been 
long  much  dilgulled  at  the  arbitrary  power 
the  Dul^b  ol  ALna  cxercile  over  them  upon 
a'l  occafioiis. 

The  inhabitants  of  i\////j  have  often  made 
depredations  by  li-a  on  them,  and  at  lundry 
times  burnt  their  villages,  on  the  ffrand,  not 
daring  to  enter  the  cr  untry  any  farther,  for 
fear  of  the  inhabitants  of  Guajf'o  or  (,re,il 
Comintr.di),  who  are  very  luimerous,  a  more 
martial  and  rapacious  people  than  thofe  of 
their  own  nation  a.i  Liltle  Commaiiy,  A»ipeii\\ 
and  other  maritime  vill.iges ;  moll  ofwhoni 
commonly  apply  themlelvcs  to  traflick  and 
fifhery,  whicii  made  it  cafier  for  the  Aluhi 
Blacks  toalliult  iluni. 

The  Comm.uiiaiis  are  often  at  war  with  the 
Jbramiwi  BUcks,  on  account  that  the  latter 

kiU'd 


«'    ;■  '     :« 


5ooKlII.r  Chap.4.  Co/7/?j' of  South-Guinea. 


I?? 


■  towns 
I'lllury, 
itiics  ill 

its  rc- 

by  the 
cats  tl\e 
lounccJ 
ent  and 

people, 
■^pi-y  aiul 
I  he  tbr- 

lattcr  -, 
i/>  with 
oniinua.l 
■ir  otiier 
tliai  no 
in. 


7je  coni- 
HtSy  and 


nu  bill  1 

lutiiig  on 

t  the  h.ir 

lliorc  is 

••"•wt-«  or 
ifklcrablc 

11  of  tlie 
down  to 

tliis  and 

rulcrablc,  I■n^".ll• 
|^t■rldt'nL•t'''^'• 
«^7fl,  who 

1671,  in 
to  in- 
ci'cift  a 

aiic  with 

Ing   been 

y  jiowcr 

:m  upon 

len  made 
It  lundry 
iiitl,  not 
'.IT,  tor 
|)r  (.ivcdt 
a  more 
Itiioll  of 
ybiiNnx,, 
It  wlioai 
lick  and 
|c  Miihi 

|vith  the 
lattfi 
kiird 


hit  the 
t'rendi. 


Grlit 


kiird  one  of  the  kings  of  the  former,  width 
has  "cndcr'd  ilK-m  bold  and  martial. 

Obse  rvat  ions  f.r  Trade. 


IlILST  I  was  here,    at  two  I c vera  1 
oyages,  tome  of  the  chief,  as  well  as 


w; ,  „ 

the  common  tort,  alVurcd  me  tiicy  had  mucli 
greater  value  ami  IViendfldp  for  the  FniiJj 
than  tor  any  other  European  nation  •,  and  at 
my  lall  voyage  in  168.;,  the  kingfcnt  me  his 
Iccond  ton  as  holuige,  if  1  wouUl  come  up  to 
him  to  Grciit  Commendo,  in  order  to  treat  ot 
iuticles,  lor  a  fettlement  of  the  I'rciich  on 
the  coalt  of  his  country,  which  he  always 
r(tui'd  to  grant  to  the  Eiig'ifh  .md  Dutch, 
who earncftly  ikTued  he  would  eonllnt  that 
each  ot"  them  might  build  a  tort ;  but  he  on- 
ly allow'd  the  Eii^lijhto  have  a  kKlgc  with- 
o.it  any  eiiclofure  of  walls.  The  Dulco  had 
one  formerly,  but  were  forcx'd  to  quit  the 
country  :  and  I  always  heard  the  C'lmiitnuuiiis 
(peak  very  unkindly  of  the  Dutch,  and  ex- 
prel's  a  more  tlian  id'ual  hatred  againft 
their  hard  dominati(;n  over  ihem.  At  my 
riturn  into  I'r.uuc,  I  di  livcr'd  to  Ibme  mi- 
nilfers  of  the  court,  all  the  memoirs  I  had 
taken  on  this  head  at  Commendo,  and  my 
own  oblervations  of  the  moll  proper  place 
to  erect  a  tbrtrets  on  that  coall,  at  Ampcn.i, 
on  a  little  point  extending  tbmewiiat  to  the 
touth,  rifing  gradually  to  a  little  head  ;  the 
coall  there  torminga  tort  ol  elbow,  where 
thcaccelsto  the  Ihore  is  lets  hazartlous  and 
tioublelbme  for  canoes,  the  tea  bre.iking 
againll  that  elbow,  and  IheUering  the  canoes 
tiom  the  ibuth-wt ll  wind,  which  blows  mod 
on  that  coalt  and  very  high  -,  and  /Impen.i 
being  ib  near  to  Mina  as  it  is,  would  ob- 
(tiuct,  in  tome  meat'ure,  the  great  trade  it 
has,  by  giving  an  opportur.ity  to  the  male- 
contents  there  to  tralfick  at  dnipciui. 

I  confefs,  a  fort  aiui  fettlement  might  (icr- 
hapi  be  thought  to  be  heft  fituaied  .it  cipe  /tl- 
dca  dc  'Torrei,  0.1  the  borders  of  the  land  of 
7.(,''j  or  I'Mnth.  'I'he  French  heretotore  had  a 
Kxlge  tliere,  the  ruins  whereof  are  Hill  to  be 
fcen  at  the  end  of  the  village  north  (>f  the 
cape  ••  but  the  landing  at  this  place  is  much 
more  perillous,  becaiile  the  high  lurges  and 
breakings  are  there  much  greater  than  at  any 
other  place  on  this  coalt. 

Kvcry  morning  there  come  out  oWhnpcna, 
L'j-y,  and  other  places  on  this  coalt,  lt;ven- 
ty  or  eighty  canoes  t'rom  each  village,  fome 
a  hilling,  and  others  to  trade  with  the  lliips 
in  the  roads ;  and  return  all  alhore  about 
noon,  when  the  trelli  gales  from  Ibuth-wrlt 
begin  to  blow,  and  Iwell  the  tea  near  the 
Ihore,  that  they  may  land  without  trouble, 
anil  have  time  to  difpofe  of  the  filh  \xl  Lit- 
tle Commany  3.ni\  at  Great  Commendo,  where 
the  inland  Bl.uks  buy  it  lor  the  country 
markets. 


<OHni'y. 


The  markets  at  Great  and  Little  CommanyBAnmvr. 
are  commonly  well  furnifli'd  with  all  fortsof  ^'V^^ 
corn,  plants,  roots,  and  *Vuits  at  a  rea- 
fonable  r.itc  :  the  bananas  are  ctpeciaily  ex- 
traordinary plenty  and  cheap  -,  for  which 
reafon,  the  Dutch  call  Little  Commany  the 
fruit-maket,  the  country  about  this  place 
being  very  fertile  in  all  the  forenamed  fruits 
and  provifions. 

The  inhabitants  of  Terra  Pcquera  or  Lo- 
ry,  and  o\'/lin/.ei:ii,  are  all  fifhermen. 

The  country  behind  Little  Comin.ity  rifts  P''/'"''''' 

gradually  to  t'mall  hills,  cover'd  with  trees,  "^ 

at  the  loot  of  which,  are  large  plains  and 
fields,  curiouHy  planted  with  luiulry  forts 
of  fruit-trees;  and  the  land  extremely  fill'd 
with  inhabitants,  a  martial  people,  of  whom 
the  king  ot  Cominciuh  can  compolc  an  army 
ot  twenty  thoufand  men  well  arin'd,  on 
occafion.  The  king  has  a  guard  of  live  hun- 
ilrcd  men. 

The  gold,  here  ofFe  M  in  trade,  is  com- 
monly mix'd  with  brafs  or  fdver,  and  re- 
quires a  great  deal  of  caution  to  examine  ic 
well,  e.fpe(  ialiy  the  C'-ab\i  gold. 

The  Blacks  arc  generally  of  a  turbulent 
temper,  and  very  deceitful  and  cr.itty  ■,  and 
moll  ol  tliem,  from  the  highctl  to  the  lowelt, 
arc  a[)t  to  Ileal,  if  not  well  lookM  to. 

The  country  of  Commendo  is  thought  to 
be  very  rich  in  gold  mines  j  and  fome  fancy 
the  king  will  not  h.ive  them  opened  Ibr  fear 
the  neighbouring  nations,  or  the  Eurcpeam, 
fhould  attempt  to  deltroy  him  and  his  peo- 
ple, or  drive  them  away,  to  pofllls  iliem- 
I'tlvcs  of  lo  rich  a  country.  I  h.ivc  otten 
heard  Ibme  ot  the  natives  fay,  that  not  far 
from  the  promontory  Aldea  de  Torres,  there 
is  a  very  rich  gold  mine,  and  that,  for  fear 
it  Ihould  be  tearch'd,  they  have  nude  a  God 
of  that  head  or  hill,  wtiich  is  the  only  means 
th.ey  can  imagine  to  prefer ve  the  mine  en- 
tire ■,  ib  great  a  veneration  the  BLicis  have 
tor  fuel)  tacred  places,  that  they  are  fure 
no  perlbn  whatlover  will  touch  it :  and 
if  any  Europeans  fliould  attempt  it,  they 
mull  exped  to  have  all  the  country  about 
them,  and  to  be  mallacred  if  taken. 

Here  is  fometimes  a  brilk  trade  for  flaves, 
when  the  Ccmmaniaiis  are  at  war  with  the 
upland  Aci^roes,  and  have  the  better  of  it, 
for  then  they  bring  down  abundance  of  pri- 
Ibners,  whom  they  tell  immediately,  at  a 
cheap  rate,  to  tome  interloper  or  other,  if 
any  be  in  the  ro.ids,  to  lave  the  charge  of 
keeping  and  tubfiHing  them.  And  it  once 
happenetl,  not  many  years  ago,  that  an 
Engii/h  Ihip  riding  there,  juft  at  the  time 
they  return'd  Ironi  an  expedition,  wherein 
they  had  fucceeded,  they  deliver'd  their  pri- 
foners  to  the  Englijhman  as  fad  as  he  could 
fetch  them  from  the  lliore  with  \\u  boat  i 
and,  in  a  few  liays,  he  got  above  three  hun- 
dred flaves  aboard,   for  littk  or  nothing: 

fo 


t 


i 


19<f 


A  'Description  of  the 


Book  III. 


.'I  "I  i« 


:> 


rhi 


KAitiioT.fo  grf.it  w.is  the  number  of  jirifoncrs  they 
^OT^  liAii  brought  clown,  th.it  they  were  glac!  of 

this  opportunity  to  Uifiiofc  ot  part  ot  them 

at  any  r.ite. 

The  C  o  M  M  o  N  w  i;  A  I.  T  H  c/  M  I  N  A  , 
TS  a  very  fmill  tr.u't  of  I.ir.d  between  Cow - 
■*•  mcndo  anil  /v/;/,  lepar.ited  from  the  latter 
by  the  little  river  Benja,  on  whieli  is  the 
large  town  of  Mi/iii,  by  the  Bliich  aWW 
O.idoui,  fituated  on  a  low  and  long  penin- 
Ibla  ;  having  the  ocean  on  tiie  foutii,  the  a- 
fori'faid  river  on  the  north,  Commemlo  on  the 
weft,  and  die  famous  caftle  of  St.  Geoige  <k 
III  Miiia  on  the  eafh  It  Hands  juft  on  the 
end  or  head  of  the  peninfula,  and  commands 
all  the  town,  being  lb  near  that  it  can  tiirow 
hand-grenadoes  into  it. 
Mini  Thf  town  is  very  long,  containing  about 

iitwa.  twelve  hundreil  houfes,  all  built  with  rock- 
ftones,  in  which  it  dili'ers  from  all  other  pla- 
ces, tiie  houfes  being  generally  only  compo- 
fed  of  clay  and  wood.  It  is  divided  into 
feveral  ftreets  and  lurjs  very  irregular, 
crooked,  and  dirty  in  rainy  weather,  the 
ground  being  low  and  tlat,  and  the  llreets 
and  lanes  dole  and  very  narrow  -,  and  more 
particularly,  it  is  very  dirty  and  flappy  at 
the  tmie  the  river  Befij.i  overflows  and  fills 
it  with  water. 

Mol^  of  the  houfes  of  the  town  arc  one 
flory  high,  .ind  fome  two,  all  very  full  of 
people  i  for  they  contain  above  fix  thoufand 
fighting  men,  befides  women  and  children, 
who  .ire  very  numerous,  every  man  gene- 
rally keeping  t\vo,  three,  or  more  wives, 
.IS  is  ufual  in  Guhica. 
Thf  m-  The  town  is  divided  into  three  diftindt 
itnj'mtnt.  parts,  .IS  if  it  were  three  large  villages  near 
one  another  -,  each  part  or  ward  is  governed 
by  its  refpcclive  Brafo  ;  which  Brajfo  or  gn- 
vernour  is  afTifled  by  .i  Caboceiro,  and  fome 
other  infcriour  officers,  who  adminifler  Juf- 
ti(  e,  and  have  charge  of  the  political  Rate  : 
and  thefe,  all  together,  comjxjfe  the  regen- 
cy of  this  little  republick,  cvir  fince  the 
PortiixtiL'fi  made  it  indepentlent  of  the  kings 
of  Commcndo,  and  of  letu,  who  formerly 
were  mafters  of  it  by  equal  halves.  This 
happen'd  Ibme  few  years  before  the  Diilcb 
conquer'd  the  caflle  of  Miiia  from  the  Por- 
liigitefe  ;  who,  from  that  time  till  they  were 
turn'd  out  of  the  place,  did  proteft  and  de- 
fend the  town  from  the  attempts  of  the  faid 
kings,  when  they  attempteii  to  reduce  it  to 
their  obedience  •,  and  v^ere  to  alTift  the  inna- 
bitants  with  forces,  when  necefTity  required: 
by  which  means  the  ATvia  Blacks  became 
formidable,  and  dreaded  by  their  neigh- 
bours ;  and  grew  fo  more  and  more  under 
the  Dutih  government,  which  afTifts  and 
protects  them  ever  fince  their  poirefTing  ot 
the  cattle,  in  the  fame  manner  as  the  Pcilu- 
guefs  had  done  before  their  time. 


The  allairs  of  the  republick  were  for 
mcrly  debated  in  the  houfe  of  the  Biaffn  of 
one  of  tiie  wards  one  time,  and  the  next,  in 
that  of  another  Br.iffo  alternatively ;  am!  the 
deliber.itions  or  elections  made  there,  were 
carried  to  the  D:it.h  general  to  approve  of 
them:  if  lie  did  not,  they  were  to  debate 
matters  again  in  another  afllmbly,  till  what 
w,is  tranladted  v.ms  confented  to  by  that  ge- 
neral 1  whi'.  h  alio  was  the  method  they  were 
liable  to,  when  unik  r  the  protedion  of  the 
Porttig^Ufp. 

But  ever  fince  thcDiilcf.^  general  has  pre-.r'  ,^ 
tended  to  tikr  thore  privdeges  from  thec//r..,,.,„ 
town,  and  make  it  totally  dependent  on  his Ulicl..-.  ' 
arbitrary  jurifdidlion  and  authority,  the 
Blacks  have  been  at  great  variance  and  mif- 
underflanding  with  the  Diiuh.  And  as  the 
Dutch  general  has  thought  it  his  interell 
and  fecurity,  to  keep  tliat  people  more  and 
more  in  bondage,  and  ule  greater  feverities 
towards  tluni,  the  better  to  o[)prcfs  .md  curb 
their  bold  daring  fpii  it,  and  to  prevent  their 
having  any  opportunity  of  forming  defigns 
in  ojpofiiion  to  the  D.ittb  interellor  advan- 
tage ;  fb  they,  on  the  other  hand,  have, 
as  much  as  they  lould,  op[)oled  the  gene- 
r.d'sdefign  ot  e:;rrcifing  an  arbitrary  power 
over  them  :  and  by  degrees,  things  are  come 
to  Inch  extremities  between  botii  parties,  as 
1  fli.ill  hereafter  mvntion  in  its  proper  place. 

To  retinn  to  the  deleription  of  tlie  town  Rr/ifi.,. 
of  Aliiiii ;  it  is  fortifieti  at  the  wcfl  end,  to-//i"».' 
wards  the  country  of  Co;/j/H(7;(/e,with.i  Ibono- 
rock-flone  wall,  i:a  whieli  is  a  gate,  defended 
by  Ibme  iron  guns,  and  a  large  ditch.  The 
wall  begins  at  the  I'ea-lhore,  and  ends  at  the 
river- fide. 

I  have  (Ir.iwn  the  cxad  profpeift  of  the  Plate  3 
town  of  \IiJi.i,  and  of  the  cattle  otW/.  C!ar<i_.-;  Sr.Grot,.; 
as  it  appears  from  lea  about  tiiree  miles  Jil- ''"■"-"™ 
t.ince,   in  the  print  here  inierted  ;  all  toge- a,),'!''^'"" 
tlier  making  a  fine  profix'Ct   with   the  fort 
Coe»rne:IJliiri;,   fituate  on  the  hill  oi  St.  Jn- 
go,  feparated  from  the  town  of  iV//«.(  by  the 
little  river  Bfi:;,;,  \vlii>  li  runs  at  the  toot  of 
the  hill,  and  is  lo  near,  as  to  command  the 
town,  as  does  the  cattle:    to  that  it  is  im- 
potTible  lor  the  inhabit.ints  to  ftir. 

The  Blach  ot  M:ii  i  are  commonly  hand-  umi'mi 
fome,  lulty,  and  tlrong  men,  of  a  marti.d  '^■^''"■ 
courage,  and  the  moll  civilised  of  ait  the 
gold  coafl,  bv  the  long  correlpoiulence  ihey 
haveconllantly  had  to  this  time  with  the 
European!. 

Their  ufual  emjiloymcnts are  trade,  hui'- 
bandryand  filhery:  I  have  oftenfeenfevenor 
eight  hundred  canoiscomeout  trom  thence, 
ata  time,  for  feveral  mornings  together,  to 
fifli  with  hooks  and  lines  about  a  league  or 
two  off  at  lea  ;  e.u  h  canoe  having,  fome 
two,  tome  three,  lonv.'  four  paddlers.  I  was 
fo  pleas'd  with  the  fight  ot  fucli  a  number 
of  canoes  thus  plying  about,  that  1  could 

nut 


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111  ^0&-jcrn. 

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Ghap.^.         Coafis  of  SouTH-GuisnA. 


I'?? 


PL.^rtS. 


not  forbear  rcprefenting  tliem  in  the  print 
here  acijoiii'i).  Wlun  the  filhiii^;  is  over, 
and  they  n-'ver  fail  in  the  fummer  fcafon  to 
catch  abundance  of  funiiry  forts  of  good  Hfli, 
they  return  to  fliore  about  r.oon,  when  the 
frelh  fea-gaie  begins  to  blow  -,  and  carry 
the  iilh  to  market,  alter  liaving  paid  the 
fifth  part  thereof  to  ihe  Dn/cb  officers,  as  has 
been  agreec',  or  impofed  on  them,  for  the 
Blanks  do  not  I'ecm  to  like  it,  as  they  are  ve- 
ry ready  to  declare  lo  other  I'.iirofcans ;  nor 
are  they  kls  aggrieved  at  feveral  other  im- 
politions  laid  on  them,  eipecially  thofe  of 
the  right  of  life  and  death  over  them,  which 
the  general  and  his  coum  il  claim  ;  and  the 
total  prohibition  of  trade  with  any  other 
Kiiroi'eavs,  both  at  fea  and  land,  under  con- 
fifcation  and  fort'eirurc  of  gooils,  and  a  fc- 
vcre  heavy  fine  befules,  of  which  more  fhall 
befaid  hereafter. 

The  Mi>in  lilacks  drive  a  great  trade  a- 
long  the  GolilC'i.i/f,  and  at //-'y/.z  by  lea, 
anil  are  theiittidaiul  moll  expcrienc'd  men 
to  manage  aiul  paddle  the  canoes  over  the 
bars  and  breakings,  which  render  thiscoaft, 
and  that  o\  IFida,  fo  perillous  anil  toilfome 
to  land  either  men,  goods,  or  provifions; 
the  waves  of  the  ocean  rifidg  in  great  furges, 
and  breaking  fo  violently  on  the  ftrand,  for 
better  than  a  niiin<et-fliot  in  breadth  one  af- 
ter another  ;  which  requires  a  great  deal  of 
aftivity  and  dexterity  to  carry  canoes  through 
without  being  iunk,  overfet,  or  fplit  to  pie- 
ces, and  often  occafions  the  death  of  many 
men,  and  confulerahle  loiU  s  of  the  goods. 

Thcle  people  are  dexterous  at  debufing  of 
gold,  an  art  taught  them  by  their  former 
mailers  the  Poi;'ug!«ill;  to  cheat  other  Eiiro- 
prtU!  traders  on  ilie  coaft,  fo  to  bring  the 
whole  trade  into  their  own  hands.  The 
Dutch,  after  the  Por/iix'roy?,  have  follow'd 
the  lamerteps,  and  furnilhM  the  Z>/i;f^-.f  with 


all  the  proper  materials  and  tools  to  thatBARaoT.' 
purpole  ;  and  have  alio  taught  fome  of  them*"0/'>i^, 
the  filver  antl  goldfmiths  trade  :  in  which, Blackt 
the  hliicks,  by  their  natural  genius,  have  ex- ^'^^ 
trcmely  improv'd  themfelves,  and  can  make 
many  forts  of  fmall  utenfils  and  ornaments 
of  gold  i  eipecially  buttons  plain,  or  in  fi- 
ligreen  ;   rings  plain,  or  in  chains  -,  tooth- 
pickers  ;   curious  hat-bands  ■,    and    fword- 
hilts  ;  befides  many  other  forts  of  curiofitics : 
amongft  which,  I  have  very  often  admired 
their  ability  in  calling  gold  in  filigreen,  fo 
as  to  reprefent  very  exattly  the  form  of  large 
fea  per  winkles,  and  all  other  fpecies  of  fnail 
or  (hell  filh,  ^i.    as  Ihall  be  farther  ob- 
ferv'c!  hereafter. 

They  are  fo  great  artifls  ac  melting  all 
forts  of  glafs,  as  to  give  it  any  fliape  or  fi- 
gure they  fancy. 

They  are  commonly  as  grofs  pagans,  in 
point  of  religion  and  worfliip,  as  the  other 
BIticks  of  the  Gold  Coajl ;  and  if  there  are 
any  among  them  that  fliew  fome  fcnfe  of 
chriftianity,  they  are  only  the  Mulattoi  of 
Poritigtiefe  defcent,  whereof  there  are  near 
two  hundred  families  in  the  town  -,  but  even 
thefe  are  very  indifferent  new  chriftians,  as 
they  call  themfelves,  their  religion  being 
mix'd  with  much  pagan  fuperllition.  The 
great  concern  of  the  Dutch  on  this  coafl,  as 
well  as  of  all  other&^ro/iifrt;;;,  fettled  or  tra- 
ding there,  is  the  gold,  and  not  the  welfare 
of  thofe  fouls :  for  by  their  leud  loofe  lives, 
many  who  live  among  thefe  poor  wretches, 
rather  harden  them  in  theii  wickednels,  than 
turn  them  from  it.  I  beg  leave  to  mention 
this  with  forrow,  to  thcdifhonour  of  chridi- 
anity !  tho'  on  the  other  hanil  it  mult  be 
own'd,  that  the  nature  of  thefe  Blacks  in 
general  is  fuch,  that  it  is  very  difficult  for 
well-difpofed  chrillians  to  convert  them,  as 
experience  has  fufficiently  well  (hown. 


CHAP.     V. 


The  coafl  of  St.  George  dc  Li  Mina.     Coenraedsburg  fort.     The  country  about 
them.    Arbitrary  government  of  the  Dutcli. 


Castle  o/St.  George. 

I  AM  now  to  fpeak  of  the  famous caille 
St.  George  de  la  Minn,    fo  callM  by  the 
Potiugiiefii    becaufe  they   landed  there  on 
his  day,  and  it  has  kept  the  name  ever  fince. 
itifiiii-       Itisfeatedon  the  eaft-fouth-eaft  point  of 
m.        tiie  long  narrow  peninfula,    on  which  the 
townof  Af;;<ijilands,asl  have  faid  beforc,and 
on  the  fouth  fide  of  the  mouth  of   the  river 
Boija.  Both  the  north  and  fouth  fides  are  en- 
compafled  with  the  rocky  ftrand  and  the  fea, 
fo  that  it  is  acccffible  only  on  the  weft  fide, 
which  is  cover'd  by  the  town  of  Alimi.    And 
thus  it  is  by  nature  and  art  very  ftrong,  for 
Vo  L.  V. 


that  part  of  the  caftle  which  commands  the 
town,  is  very  well  fortified,  and  there  is  no 
other  way  to  come  at  it  by  fea,  but  by  the 
river  fide,  near  the  bridge  of  communica- 
tion, laid  over  it  for  the  conveniency  of  the 
fort  Coeiraedjl'urg.  The  entrance  into  the 
river  is  alfo  pretty  difficult,  becaufe  of  the 
bar  which  licsacrofs  the  mouth  of  it. 

The  French,  as  I  obferv'd  in  the  former 
fheets  of  this  defcription,  pretend  to  have 
been  the  firfl  European  nation  that  made  this 
iettlcmentin  I38_^.  and  the /V/wfwtvV  claim 
the  fame  prerogative  from  the  yeari4.'52. 
Of  which  I  fhall  give  a  particular  account 
hereafter,  together  with  a  relation  of  the 
S  i  Dutch 


I 


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m    ' 


W  C' 


'  lti 


198 


j4  Dcfcription  of  the 


Book  III. 


renowned  pl.icc  in 


BARi\nr.  Ay/i/*  conquell   of  thi 

Striniih.  Tl^'^  cuftle  is  jufliy  become  lamous  for 
beauty  and  (Irtngtl.,  iiaving  no  equal  on 
all  the  coafts  ot  Guinea. 

Ic  is  built  I'quare,  with  very  high  walls 
of  a  dark  brown  rock  Hone,  lb  very  firm, 
that  it  may  be  laid,  to  be  cannon-pioof. 
The  Ibrt  is  fourteen  libynlandijb  yards  in 
breadth,  and  thirty  two  in  lengtii,  not  to 
reckon  the  our-works,  which  extend  from 
the  river  Bfiijii  to  the  (trand.  The  fort  has 
lour  large  baltions,  or  batteries  within,  and 
anotiier  on  the  out-works.  Two  of  the 
batlions  lie  to  the  fea,  and  are,  as  well  as  th.c 
walls,  of  a  prodigious  height.,  as  appears 
riATt  S.  by  the  profped  in  the  cut ;  the  point  of  the 
Pfniiifulii,  on  which  they  ftar  .1,  being  a  high 
fiat  roi-i.  .  uefides,  two  lower  on  the  fide 
ol  the  river,  where  tlie  ground  dcfccnds  gra- 
ilually  from  tiie  rock,  .(\ndon  thefe  batteries 
forty  eight  fine  pieces  of  brafs  cannon,  with 
I'everal  pattareroes.  The  lower  battery  on 
tiie  out-works,  is  full  ot  iron  pieces,  which 
are  fired  on  all  occafions  of  laluting  fliips 
and  the  like. 

The  garrifon  commonly  confifts  of  one 
liundri'd  white  men,  commanded  by  proper 
officers,  and  perhaps  as  many  black  loldiers, 
all  in  the  company's  pay. 

Tiie  drawbridge  is  defended  by  a  redoubt 
with  light  ii'on  guns,  and  a  ditcii  in  the 
rock  twenty  foot  deep,  and  eijrhtecn  broad, 
with  an  iron  portcullis,  and  tour  brafs  pat- 
tareroes  within  the  gate,  and  a  large  Corps 
de  Giiarde  next  to  it ;  befides,  the  bridge  is 
commanded  by  the  fmall  arms  from  the 
( altle,  which  renders  the  pafilng  over  it  very 
difficult. 
CAitnh  ivi  On  the  land  fide  the  catlle  has  two  canals, 
•  ■■ji*"it.  always  furniflied  with  rain,  or  frefii  water, 
fufficimt  for  the  ufe  of  the  garrifon,  and 
ihips  i  which  were  cut  in  the  rock  by  the 
Portiigiiefi;  whom  it  coft  mi'.ch  money  and 
l.ibour  to  blow  up  the  rock  by  little  and  little 
with  gun-powder,  efpecially  that  which  is 
at  the  foot  of  tiie  walls  on  the  town  fide. 
Belides  three  very  fine  citterns  within  the 
place,  holding  feveral  hundred  tuns  to  five 
tiie  rain,  fo  that  the  garrifon  is  in  no  great 
danger  of  wanting  water. 

There  is  room  in  the  caftle  for  a  garrilbn 

of  two  hundred  men,  and  feveral  officers, 

who  may  be  all  very  conveniently  lodged. 

The  infide  of  the  cattle  is  quadrangular, 

built  about  with  fine  ftore-houfes,  of  wiiite 

Itone  and  bricks,  which  thus  form  a  very 

fine  place  of  arms. 

nmrAt'i       The  general's  lodgings  are  above  in  the 

ap.iriment.cwnk,  the  afcent  to  which  is  up  a  large 

white  and  black  Itone  ftiir-cafe,  defended  at 

the  top  by  two  fmall  brafs  guns,  and  four 

pattareroes  of  the  fame  metal,  bearing  upon 

the  pUcc  of  arras  >  and  a  Coi'ps  de  (jiiarde 


l)retty  large,  next  to  which  is  a  great  hall, 
lull  of  lin.dl  arms  of  feveral  ions,  as  an 
arfenal  ;  thro'  which,  and  by  a  by-paiTage 
you  enter  a  fine  long  covered  gallery,  all 
wainfcotcil,  at  each  end  of  which  there  are 
large  [;;Lifs  windows,  and  thro*  it  is  the  way 
to  the  gineral's  lodgings,  confifting  of  feve- 
ral good  cliambcrs,  and  offices,  along  the 
ramparts.  Tiie  cliapi^el  on  the  other  fide 
of  thefe  rooms,  is  a  pretty  neat  building, 
and  well  fitted  tor  divine  fervice  5  at  which 
I  was  prcfent  on  Ea/ter-da\,  1682.  Befides 
Sundays,  there  are  publick  prayers  every 
day,  at  whicii  all  the  officers  of  the  gar- 
rifon, of  whatever  rank  and  degrees,  are  to 
beprefent,  under  a  fine  of  twenty  five  ftivers 
for  every  omifTion,  and  double  that  fum 
on  Sundays  atid  Thurfdays. 

The  infirmary,  or  hofpital,  liesalongthe 
ramparts,  towards  the  river-fide  i  and  can 
contain  a  hundred  fick  men,  decently  at- 
tended :  an.!  by  it  is  a  large  tower,  which 
over-looks  the  redoubt,  but  has  no  guns. 

The  ware-houlcs,  either  for  goods  or 
provifions,  are  very  large  and  (tately,  al- 
ways well  iurnifli'd.  The  compting-houies 
particulai  ly,  arc  large,  finely  fitted  for  the 
taftors  antl  accomptai.ts,  book-keepers  and 
fervants,  being  in  all  about  fixty  perfons. 
Over  the  gate  ot  a  I'pacious  ware-houfe  is 
cut  in  the  tlone.  A"  1484,  being  the  year 
when  it  was  built  by  the  Portuguefe,  in  the 
time  of  John  the  fecond,  king  of  Portugal. 
The  charadtcrs  look  yet  as  frefh  as  if  cut 
but  twenty  years  ago.  In  this  fortrefs,  is  a 
battery  witiiout  llioulders,  with  fome  pieces 
of  cannon,  to  baiter  the  fort  on  St.  Jagu's 
hill,  in  cafe  of  need. 

Ihe  goods  and  provifions  arc  brought  in 
at  a  gate  that  leads  to  the  ftrand,  where 
they  arc  ;iil  hoifted  up  by  cranes,  or  tackles, 
and  in  the  lame  manner  laid  out  again. 

This  place  has  been  brought  to  the  per- 
teftion  it  is  now  in,  at  the  charges  of  the 
Dutch  H''fJ}- India  company.  It  was  nothing 
near  fo  ft^-ong,  nor  fo  beautiful,  when  they 
took  it  from  the  Portttguffe.  And  indeed, 
as  it  now  is,  it  rather  looks  as  if  it  liatl 
been  made  for  the  dwelling  of  a  king, 
than  for  a  place  of  trade  in  Guinea. 
Which  evinces  what  is  reported  of  the 
Hollanders,  that  of  all  European  nations, 
they  are  the  molt  curious  and  fitteit  to 
make  fettlemeiits  abroad ;  as  fparing 
neither  charges,  labour,  nor  time,  and  be- 
ing fteady  and  coiiftant  in  their  under- 
takings; but  it  were  to  be  wiih'd,  they  h.id, 
on  the  other  iiand,  a  greater  regard  to  the 
maxims  of  C7j;-.yi(i(«;7v,  for  maintaini'-';  their 
authority  in  the  places  where  they  lord  it, 
in  thofe,  and  like  remote  countries  of  the 
■world  ;  of  which  I  fhall  forbear  to  fpeakat 
prelent,  and  rell  fatisfy'd  with  Ibme  in- 
Itanccs,  which  occur  naturally  in  the  body 

.,-f 


jjnd  l>»r- 


& 


I 


Jl*l 


[<  •'•' 


Chap.  9. 


Coafis  of  Sou  r  h-G  u  i  n  e  a. 


i^P 


of  thefc  memoirs,  without  any  partia- 
lity. 
jjnibM-  The  fmall  tradl:  of  land  tiv.it  depends  on 
r«».  the  re  iibiicii  of  Mina,  is  adorned  with  lit- 
tle hills  and  vales,  not  very  tertile  ;  for 
which  leafoii  the  inhabitants  .irc  oblip;ed  to 
get  palm-wine,  niaiz,  and  cattle,  with  all 
other  neceflaries  for  their  fubfiftenc'e  or  rc- 
frclTiment,  from  the  countries  of  Fetit, 
jihramboe,  Actines,  and  Commendo,  partly 
in  exchange  torthcir  fifli,  and  partly  for  gold. 
Whilfl:  the  Pvitu^uefe  lorded  it  there, 
they  caufed  great  quantities  of  fruits  and 
provifions  to  be  fent  them  from  /Ixlin,  which 
tliey  fold  to  the  Dutch  trading  lliips,  as 
the  produdt  of  the  country  about  Mina., 
boailing  that  it  was  the  molt  fertile  country 
of  all  the  Gold  Coajl :  but  daily  exp:;riencc 
has  convinced  us,  that  Moitn'e,  Cormentyii, 
and  jlrra,  are  abundantly  more  fruitful  anil 
pleal'ant,  lor  hum  m  fubfidence  and  were 
it  not  for  the  great  advantage  of  the 
fifliery,  it  would  be  very  difficult,  if  not 
impoftible,  for  fo  great  a  number  of  people 
as  live  in  MUui  to  fubfift  and  maintain  the 
Butch  garrifon. 

CoENRAEOSnURO    FoRT. 

/aN  the  north  fide  ol"  the  little  river  Benja, 
^-'  oppofite  to  the  town  of  Mina,  the 
Diihh  thought  advifea'^'e  to  ereft  fort  Cocti- 
raedjhitrg,  on  tlie  high  hill  of  St.  Ja^o  ; 
fo  named  by  the  Poriugtiefe,  from  a  little 
chappel  they  had  built  on  it,  dedicated  to 
Si.James.  This  fmall  fortrefs  was  judged 
by  the  lloll/Didcrs  very  neceffary  to  fecure 
the  hill,  and  hinder  the  accefs  to  ir,  and 
confequently  for  the  fafety  of  St.  Gcorg^e'i 
taftle  ;  tho'  it  feems  rather  to  Hand  there, 
as  made  on  purpole  to  reduce  it  with  more 
eafe,  if  it  were  once  taken  by  an  enemy : 
the  judgment  whereof  I  leave  to  others,  who 
have  well  confider'd  it. 

This  fort  ftands  in  the  country  .)f  Fctii, 
being  a  beautiful  quadrangle,  flrengthened 
with  four  good  batteries,  the  walls  twelve 
foot  high,  and  ftrong,  hiving  lour  Icfl'jr 
fquare  batteries,  mountcil  with  twelve  guns. 
Within  the  fort  is  a  tower,  wliici\  coin- 
m  inds  the  country  about,  with  convenient 
lodgings  for  the  garrilbn,  not  only  of  five 
and  twenty  men  under  an  enfign,  which 
are  kept  there  in  peaceable  times,  and  re- 
lieved from  the  calUe  of  Mina  every  four 
antl  twenty  hours,  but  for  as  many  more  up- 
on occafion.  The  fort  is  Itrong,  both  by 
nature  and  art,  if  well  (tored  witli  provifions 
and  men ;  for  it  may  be  eafdy  de'ended, 
being  but  twenty-!our  fathom  on  each  fide. 
The  Dutch  are  very  careful  to  maintain  it  in 
good  repair :  for  as  it  was  from  thence  they 
chiefly  obliged  the  caftle  of  St.  Gcoijc'  to  fur- 
render,  they  think  it  highly  concerns  them 
to  prefcrve  tliis  lort  and  hill  j  for  thofe  once 


loft,  tlic caftle  of  6'.'.  Qer^^"  could  not  holdBAumn- 
out  long,  and  therefore  as  much  care  ought  ^^V^' 
to  be  takenof  thisasof  tliecaflleittclf. 

Tlie  accefs  to  it  is  eafy  on  the  fide  of  Mina,  -^"'fi  " 
there  being  a  road  cut  in  the  hill,  from  the"' 
foi-t  down  to  the  bridge,  with  an  eafy  defcent  -, 
but  on  the  other  fide  of  the  (brt,    towards 
%«  country  and  Cow WMi/o,  the  hill  is  very 
Iteep. 

The  bridge  of  communication  over  the  ri-  BrU/,. 
vcr,  has  a  draw  bridge,  jult  in  the  middle 
of  it,  as  well  for  fecurity,  as  to  let  pafs  the 
Imall  fliips  farther  into  the  river,  to  relit. 
At  the  foot  of  St.  Jago  is  a  large  canoe- 
houfe,  to  prefcrve  them  from  the  weather  ; 
andaltorc-houfe  built  near  it,  lor  the  conve- 
niency  of  fliip-carpenters.  I  oblerved  at  this 
place  feveral  combs  or  little  monuments, 
with  abundance  of  puppets  and  antick  ridi- 
culous figures,  which,  as  I  was  told,  are  of 
fome kings,  and  othernotable  perfons  buried 
there,  all  .idorned  with  imagery  and  other 
b.iubles. 

On  the  north-fide  of  St.  Jao's-hiU,  and 
next  to  it,  the  general  of  the  calUe  of  AJina 
has  a  good  large  garden,  handfomely  divi- 
ded by  fpacious  walks,  and  rows  of  Iweet 
and  four  orange,  lemon,  coco,  palm,  pal- 
ma-chrifti,  and  other  forts  of  trees,  and 
many  extraordinary  plants  of  the  country  j 
as  alio  variety  of  herbs,  pulfe  and  roots  from 
Euiope.  In  the  midll  of  the  garden  is  a  huge, 
rounil,  open,  and  curious  fummer-houfe, 
with  a  cupola-roof,  feveral  fleps  leading  up 
to  it.  Some  of  the  many  fweet  oranges  chat 
grow  in  this  place,  are  but  little  interior  in 
talle  to  thofc  of  China. 

Benja.,  which  divides  this  port  of  Uctit  from  ivr;  u'.t 
Mina,  is  rather  a  creek  than  a  river,  for  itwi'tr. 
reaches  not  far  into  the  land  -,  and  it  has 
been  oblerved,  that  fometimcs  in  dry  feafons, 
the  water  of  it  is  ten  times  falter  than  the 
(Irongeft  brine,  the  foil  thereabouts  being 
very  nitrous,  and  the  creek  fhallow,  which 
makesthefea-vvatcr  there  be  foonercongealeil 
into  f^dt,  than  that  ofthe  ocean.  The  inha- 
hxlmis,  of  Mina,  at  fuch  times,  fbon  boil  this 
water  into  fait,  and  make  a  confiderable  ad- 
vantage of  it.  In  the  months  of  May  and 
June,  this  water  is  as  frelli  as  that  which  falls 
from  the  clouds;  becaufe  then  the  rains  are 
fo  great,  that  the  ftreams  fall  from  the  neigh- 
bouring hills  as  fall  as  the  tide  cnmes  in  from 
the  fca  ;  lb  that  here  might  be  good  con- 
veniency  for  water-ni'l's,  there  beinp  water 
enough  to  turn  them. 

The  government  of  the  coaft  is  vcfted  in  coifm- 
thedire(ftor-gentral,who  always rcfides  at  the '""*'■ 
caftle  of  yWwrf,  C;;king  upon  him  the  title  of 
admiral  and  general  of  North  and  South  Gui- 
nea, and  /Ingola;  from  whom  all  the  gover- 
nors, or  chief  fadtors,  receive  tl'.eir  commif- 
fions,  and  are  accordingly  fubordinate  tn 
him,    havnig  no  power  to  do  any  thing 

confidcrablo 


I'tS 


II 


I  ill' 


i ' 


■'5;:  i! 


■•i 


tif:. 


I^O 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  III. 


B,  uniiT  confi.ler.i'oli-  witliouthisronll'nt.  Thi-  moft 
^'^'Y"^  dirficultantl  iniport.inc  aftiirs  ire  cogiii/..\bli', 
arui  ouglii  CO  lu-  l.iiil  before  ilit  couiii  il,  ron- 
filling  of  tlie  'Hrctior-gcntral,  tlie  iilcal,  as 
wtU  in  others  as  in  criminal  cafes,  tlicchiet 
fadtors,  the  emitiin,  _aiHi  Ibmeti.ncs  the  ac- 
comptant-ii;eneral,  wiio  are  tlie  perfonsad- 
Jiiivted  to  tliis  council  of  N<jrtb  and  South 
Ciiiiiiut,  as  the  Dii-'cb  call  it.  The  fadlors 
of  the  out-forts  are  fometinies  admitted,  as 
fxtraordiniry  coiinfellors.  livery  member 
of  this  council  has  lull  liberty  to  otttr  his 
thoup;lits  ujion  what  is  to  bi-  debated  ,  but 
the  Ih'.rpelt  of  tluin  will  oblcrve  which  fide 
the  general  is  incliiieil  to,  and  never  offer  to 
thwart  him,  whatfoever  they  think,  tor  fear 
of  incurring  his  difpleal'ure  :  fo  that  the  re- 
lolutionsof  tho  council  fcldom  or  nevjr  vary 
from  the  gen.'ral's  opinion  -,  becaufe  he  go- 
verns all  on  that  coalf,  from  the  highcil  to 
the  jowcit,  in  an  arbitrary  manner,  and  can 
turn  them  out  of  their  places,  and  fend 
theni  away  from  the  coail,  without  fhow- 
ing  any  reafon  lor  it.  Thus,  in  reality 
the  council  i.  of  no  ufc  -,  but  to  ratify  the 
general's  failings  ;tnJ  to  fecure  hiin  from 
being  accountable  'or  them.  It  therefore 
behoves  the  //  'tjt-indm  company  to  bcRow 
ih.it  poft  on  a  jierlbn  of  known  integrity 
anil  difmterclfednefs ;  but  it  is  hard  to  find 
a  white  raven. 

The  general's  falary  is  :5Coo  gilders  /<•/- 
Aiw,  for  the  firft  three  years,  befulcs  con- 
fiJerable  perquifue-;  oat  of  whatfojver  is 
tiadeil  on  the  company's  account,  all  along 
the  coalt  ■,  fo  that  when  trade  flourillies,  his 
poll  is  very  confiJ.erable,  not  to  mention 
tlu-  advantage  he  makes  of  fuch  as  trade 
iinder-h.m.l.  If  continued  in  the  poll  after 
his  three  years,  he  is  allowed  a  third  more 
f  ilary  for  the  lirft  year;  and  fo  every  year 
fuccefrively,  one  third  more  is  advanced,  till 
lie  is  (lifehargcd.  He  alfo  makes  a  confider- 
able  benefit  of  tines,  confifcaiions,  and  other 
means,  which  are  lb  confiderable,  that  he 


Ce»tr>^ls 
;.i;m. 


who  fiioys  the  place  fome  years,  never 
fails  of  going  home  rich. 

Having  been  well  acquainted  with  the  ge- 
neral, af  the  time  of  my  being  there,  we  had 
much  difcourfe  about  the  French  and  Diilcb 
interlopers  ;  arguing,  whether  it  were  not 
for  the_tommon  interefl  of  both  companies, 
I'lench  and  D.'itch,  that  their  ihips  fhould,  as 
occafionolleredjleize  fuch  tliips  of  cither  na- 
tion, as  ventured  to  trade  on  rhat  coaft.  We 
liad  alfo  the  advice  of  his  council  upon  that 
fubjedt,  who  thought  fuch  a  treaty  oi''!;ht 
r,".ther  to  be  made  in  Europe,  between  the 
dircdors  of  both  companies,  than  on  the 
coaft  ol  Giiineti  by  their  agents. 

To  conclude  this  chapter  concerning  the 
caftle  of  Mina,  I  fliall  only  add,  that  as  it 
is  the  chief  place  the  Dudh  have  on  this 
coaft,  it  is  alio  the  refidence  of  the  general, 
or  governour  in  chief,  the  principal  factor 
and  fifcal  ;  and  there  all  their  ftiips  which 
come  trom  J-'wope  come  to  an  anchor,  and 
unlade  :  for  which  purpofe,  there  are  very 
fine  warehoufcs  to  lay  up  their  goods.  The 
chief  fador  his  charge  of  thofe  warehoules, 
which  is  Ibmetimes  worth  a  confiderable  fum 
of  money  to  him  ;  and  from  thence  all  their 
other  forts  and  fadories  are  fupplied  with 
the  goods  they  have  occafion  for.  The  Blacks 
refort  daily  to  the  caftle  with  their  gold ;  for 
which,  alter  it  is  weighed,  tried,  and  re- 
fined, they  receive  their  commodities,  none 
ot  which  ever  go  out  of  the  ftorc-houles  till 
they  ire  paid  tor,  the  chief  fador  giving  no 
credit,  becaufe  he  is  anfwerable  for  all  the 
goods  he  is  entrufted  with.  Nor  can  he 
charge  the  prcfents  ufually  made  to  the  na- 
tive mcrch.uits  to  the  company's  account ; 
becaufe  tlie  laid  company  allows  all  their 
taclors  a  certain  advance,  which  is  not  only 
fulHcient  tor  making  of  the  prefents  to  the 
Blacks,  but  to  iea\'e  them  confiderable  gai- 
ners ever  year,  which  is  done  to  encour.igc 
them  to  be  the  more  diligent  and  faithful  in 
the  lervice. 


CHAP.     VI. 

/Inintrodu&ion.  French  difcoverersofGv'mc:*..  Vonu^\\z(z  difcoverers  there- 
of. They  build  the  fort  at  lA'm^.  Fables  of  theirs.  Cruelty  to  the  Ytuwdx. 
Behaviour  of  the  Dutcli  in  Guinea. 


Introduction, 

Il'romifed  above  to  give  an  account  of  the 
taking  of  this  famous  caftle  of  67.  George 
tie  la  Aliiui  by  the  Dutch,  for  the  better  in- 
formation and  entertainment  of  the  reader; 
and  fliall  accordingly  perform  it  as  briefly  a^ 
will  be  coiivenient,  out  of  the  hiftorians  of 
that  nation.  But  before  I  enter  upon  that 
fubjed,  I  think  it  will  be  very  proper  to  add 
fomtthing  more  than  has  been  laid  in  the 
intrgdudory  dilcourfe  to  tiiis  wcjrk,  concern- 


ing the  prctcnfionsof  the  French  and  Portit- 
gueie  to  tne  firft  difcovery  ot' Guinea  ;  as  alio 
of  the  behaviour  of  the  Porf^ueje  while  they 
where  fole  polVelfors  of  the  Gold-Coall :  but 
firft  of  the  French,  from  fuchauthors  of  theirs 
as  have  treated  of  it. 

!•  R  E  N  c  n  tfifcovcrers  of  Guinea. 
O  O  iVl  1-"  merchants  of  Dieppe  having  made  Frer.ii 
*^  fevcral  trading  voyages  to  cape  [^erdc,^''^"''" 
and  tarther  on  to  Sethg-Paris,  on  the  Pepver-  ''''"^' 


W.J 


JOOK  III. 


Lour.'.gc 
.lihful  in 


Portii- 
as  alio 

liletliey 
a)l :   but 

of  theirs 


"Chap.^. 


Coafts  0/ South-Guinea. 


161 


A. 

ngmailcFrtnrii 

n  ,^.,-  Mil"' 

t' el  Tier- 


Ca.ijt  o(  Gtiima,  in  ilie  year  1364,  ami  in 
tlic  rci"n  of  Ci&^Wt-j  V.  king  oi  France,  in 
the  year  i,?'^'^»  imilertooli,  in  conjumftion 
wu'u  otiicr  nercliants  of  Rouen,  to  fend 
three  Ihipsto  make  fiirtiierdifcoveries  along 
tli.it  to-ilt.  One  of  tliofe  lhij3s,  cailM  tiic 
Ill-tin,  ran  as  far  as  Co/«;«tvJoi  and  tiience 
to  I'lie  I'l-'-ce  where  the  town  of  Mina  ftantis. 
Id  iail'il,  I  iil\>r  from  the  quantity  of  gold 
they  goi  by  trading  with  tlic  Blacks,  or  their 
coiieluJiiig  that  the  country  was  very  rich  in 
..old  mints.  In  the  year  1383,  they  built 
tlicre  a  llrong  houfe  or  fadtory,  in  which, 
ih.  y  lilt  ten  or  twelve  of  their  men  to  fccurc 
it  •,  M\<-\  were  fo  fortunate  in  improving  their 
)i.i;leaiciit,  that  in  1387,  the  colony  being 
loiifider.ibly  enlarg'd,  they  built  a  chappel 
10  it,  and  had  a  very  gooil  trade  wiih  the 
nitivcs  till  the  year  141  j-,  when,  by  occa- 
limi  ol  tiif  civil  wari  in  l''ninr.\  which  in- 
volv'd  the  kingdom  in  fucli  mighty  calami- 
liis,  the  Itoek  of  thefe  adventurers  being  ex- 
h.uilled,  they  wereoblig'd  to  q'litnot  only 
A/.'i./,  but  all  their  other  feiticments  at 
^'  lira  P.iris,  cape  Alonte,  Sierra  Leona,  and 
tajie/'Vi/i'. 
f„  As  a  lanhcr  proof  that  tiic  /w/f/j  founded 
'  the  callle  at  Mimi,  they  alledge,  that  not- 
witiillanding  the  many  revolutions,  which 
have  li..pi)ened  there  in  paft  years,  one  of 
iht  billions  is  to  this  day  call'd  the  ballion 
oil'rjne;  and  that  on  it,  there  arc  dill 
Come  old  aritlimetical  numbers  to  be  ken, 
whiih  are  Anno  13,  the  relt  being  worn  out 
(ir defaced  by  the  weather  :  wliencethey  infer, 
thit  their  countrymen,  wlio  built  that  fort, 
ilnkut  thofe  numbers  on  the  (tone,  as  a  me- 
morial of  the  time  when  the  callle  was  built, 
111  the  year  1383, 

I'oRTi'CDESE  ilifcDVercn  of  Guinea. 

'  crij  T*  1 '  f'  ci\'il  wars  of  France  diltrafting  the 
f*...,wjiff.  ^  nation,  till  the  year  1490,  the /*a;V«- 
<•:(,;■':,  wiio  then  knew  nothing  beyond  cape 
I ',r,i\  having  heaivl  of  the  mighty  profit  the 
/•/,■;.•.■■'  .idventurers  had  made  of  their  trade 
in  (/'/.'.«.(!,  for  almoll  fifty  years  together, 
lined  out  alTiipat  Lijl'on,  in  the  year  1452, 
i)y  direiiion  of  tile  Infante  Don  Henry,  and 
III  the  v\iV^no{  .iljhanfo\.  king  oi' Portu- 
(,;',  to  make  dilcoveries along  the  co.ift  of 
uici.ea. 

I'liis  Pcr!i{^uefi  fliip  happening  to  be  on 
tiueoail,  at  the  lime  of  the  great  rains,  and 
iioi  being  aeijuainted  with  the  country,  nor 
iilld  to  rhe  climate,  molt  of  the  crew  fell 
fk'k,  and  therefore  refolvM  to  return  to 
l'url:;:al :  but  as  they  had  no  knowledge  of 
til'  tide>  nor  trade-winds,  in  thofe feas,  the 
lliip  was  driven  to  an  iflantl  in  the  bight  ot 
(■ii!i:i-a,  on  the  2 1  It  of  December,  being  the 

.       feall  of  St.  ^rkimas  the  apoltie  -,  for  wliieh 
leafoii,    thev   gave  the   'land    that  name. 

J.      I- Hiding  there  plenty  of  necellaries  for  their 
\oi.'.  V. 


fupport,    and   their  vclTel    being  difabled  IJa:;  ,  ir. 
from  returning  home  without  reletting,  they  L/V^ 
form'd  there  the  firft  Porltiguefe  colony,  i 
and  after  fome  time,  put  to  fea  again,  and 
arrived  at  Lijlon  in  1454. 

The  dilcovery  ofthisidand,  encouraged 
the  undertaking  of  another  expedition,  to 
increafe  the  new  colony.  Thence,  in  pro- 
cefs  of  time,  the  Portuguefe  advanced  to  Be- 
nin in  Guinea  ;  and,  at  length,  to  Acra  on 
the  Gold  Coajl ;  where,  having  purchafcd  a 
good  quantity  of  gold,  they  return'd  to  St. 
'Fboinai's  \niind.  'I'he  governor  thereof  re- 
folv'd  to  fit  out  three  caravels,  in  the  year 
145?,  wiih  a  conlidenible  number  of  men, 
and  materials  to  build  at  Irveral  places  on 
ihcGohl  Coajl.  Thefe  vellels  proceeded  asportu- 
far  as  Mina,  forty  years  after  it  had  been  Rutl'^^  "< 
abandon'd  by  tiie  French.  '*''"^' 

Marinol  fays,  that  Saniarem  and  Efcobar 
were   rhe  firft  that  came  upon  that  part  of 
the  Gold  Co:ijl,  which  is  now  called  Mina, 
in  the  year  1471.     King  John  II.  o(  Portu- 
gal, to  fecure  the  trade  of  his  fubjedts  in 
thofe  parts,  fent  thither  ten  car.ivels,  in  the 
year  1481,  laden  with  all  forts  of  materials 
for  building  a  fort,  and  a  hundred  mafons, 
under  the  command  of  James  de  Azambuja  ;  Azimbuj* 
who,  upon  his  arrival  there,  fent  advice  lotanJi 
Cafamanje,  lord  of  the  country,  with  whom'*'"- 
he  had  before  concluded  a   treaty  of  com- 
merce, defiring  he  would  come  down  to 
him  to  ratify  it,  as  being  advantageous  to 
himfelf  and  fubjefts.     Whiltt  Cafamanfe  was 
coming,  Azambuja  landed  his  men,  privately 
arm'd  under  their  clothes,  anil  immediately 
took  polTelTion  of  a  proper  place  to  build  the 
intended  tort-,  being  a  little  hill,    at  fome 
diltance  from  Cafaman/e's  refidence,  where 
were  about  five  hundred  houfes.  He  fet  up  a 
ftandard,  with  the'arms  r.f  Portugal,   6n  a 
tree,  and  ercdted  an  altar  -,    at  which,  mais 
was  faid  the  firft  time  in  Ethiopia,   for  the 
foul  of  Henry,  late  Infante  of  Portugal,  the 
firit  and  chief  promoter  of  the  difcoveries  of 
I^i^ritia  and  Guinea,    ns  is  obferv'd  in  the 
introductory  difcourfe  to  this  work.      This 
happen'd  on  thefeaftof  St.  Sebajtian,  whole 
name  was  given   to  a   valley,    where  the 
Portuguefe   landed.       After    mafs,    Azam- 
buja was  inform'd  of  the  coming  of  Cafa- 
manje, and  h.aving  rang'd  his  men  in  order, 
fate  down   in  an  elbow  chair,  having  on  a 
gold  brocade  waiftcoar,    and  a  gold  collar 
fet  with  jewels,  all  his  followers  clad  in  filk, 
making  a  lane  before  him,  that  the  black 
prince  might  .idmire  his  grandeur.     Cafa- 
manfe, on  his  parr,  was  not  wanting  to  flicw 
his  ftate,  which  appear'd  by  a  gie:'.t  num- 
ber of  arm'd  Black>,  with  a  mighty  noife  of 
trumpets,  horns,  tinkling  bells,    and  other 
iiillruments,  all  together  making  a  hideous 
noife.      The  principal  Bluks  were  drefs'il 
after  their  own  manner,  as  they  arc  to  this 
T  c  day, 


'.t);i 


^^;i.ii 


' 


I 


ifiiif^iM^ 


I- 


:iK( 


1^1 


I    i 


i6z 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  III 


h'li  fjiiich. 


Builji  « 
fen. 


n 


Baibot.  day,  when  tbey  gotowar,  as  fliall  be  hrre- 
*^-^r>J  after  defcribcd  •,  and  foUow'd,  each  ot'  them, 
by  two  pages,  one  of  them  carrying  a  buck- 
ler, and  the  other,  a  litt't-  round  ftool, 
their  heads  and  beards  adorn'd  with  gold, 
after  their  fiilhion. 

After  the  firil  ceremonies  and  falutes  on 
both  fides,  which  took  up  fome  lime,  /1- 
zamhiijii  made  a  long  fpccth,  exprefTing  the 
great  (.'lleeni  the  king  his  inafterhad  ['orCtifa- 
>«,;(//.''speiion  and  country,  and  how  earnell- 
ly  he  d(  fired  his,  and  his  people's  converfion 
to  the  chrifVian  fiilii  •,  offering  him  hisalfif- 
Ihince  and  fricndfliip  ujxin  all  occafions,  to 
which  cHl'ft  he  had  fine  him  thither,  with 
a  fleer  well  provided  with  men,  ammuni- 
tion, and  rich  commodities;  for  the  prcler- 
vation  whereof,  he  hoped  he  would  allow 
him  to  build  a  fort,  lor  the  carrying  on 
of  trade  with  his  fubjeeb,  reprefenting  to 
liim  the  many  advantages  himldf  and  liis 
Hate  would  receive  thereby  i  for  by  tiiat 
n\cans,  he  would  become  terrible  to  his 
neighbours,  and  that  many  of  tiie  black 
kings  would  be  glad  to  accept  of  fuch  pro- 
polals,  (jj'i-. 

Cnfamiutfe  underftanding  the  fubftancc  of 
/h.viihii]a\  difcourfe,  by  means  of  an  in- 
terpreter, and  being  a  man  of  good  fenfe, 
made  fveral  objections  to  wiiat  he  had 
faid,  endeavouring  to  divert  him  from  the 
thoughts  of  building  a  fort,  and  to  perfuade 
him  to  be  fiitisfied  with  trading  as  he  had 
done  before  ;  but  was  at  lafl:  prevail'd  upon 
to  confent  to  it.  The  next  day  Azambuja 
fet  his  men  to  work,  and  themafons  break- 
ing fome  rocks  on  the  fea-fide,  the  Blaeks, 
whether  it  were  out  of  a  fuperftitious  vene- 
ration they  paid  to  thofe  rocks,  or  that  they 
could  not  approve  of  ereding  a  fort  in  their 
country,  began  to  fhow  tlieir  refentment; 
which  Azambuja  perceiving,  he  causM  con- 
fiderable  prcfents  of  fundry  forts  to  be  dil- 
tributed  among  tliem,  wlicreby  they  were 
all  appcas'd,  and  the  Pnrtitgudi  carryM  on 
the  work  with  fuch  ililigcnce,  tiiat  the  fort 
was  put  into  a  polhire  otdefence  in  iefs  than 
rvvenly  days,  and  the  tower  rais'ii  to  the 
firlt  llory  ■,  the  materials  abovementioned, 
which  /Izviibujii  brought  over,  being  io  fit- 
ted, that  there  was  nothing  to  do  but  to  put 
them  together,  riiis  done,  he  lent  home  his 
caravels  wirii  a  confiderabie  quantity  of  gold. 
The  Po'liigut'/'f  found  the ^/rti^j  very  kind, 
and  traded  with  them  at  what  rate  they 
would  themfelvcs  for  their  goods;  which 
was  a  great  encouragement  to  the  building 
of  the  aforefaid  fort,  to  fecure  tiiemfelves 
againlf  any  attempts  of  the  nr  ives,  orof  u- 
ny  liifrofc^nf  ii<  after-times :  and  thus  to  fe- 
cure to  themfelves  the  wiiole  trade  of  that 
rich  country. 

The  bloody  war  betwixt  Cijliu'  and  Pcr- 
Tpvnand  '".?'''  being  ended  by  a  treaiy  of  peace  at 

Portu2ai- 


Petre  hi- 
tiveen 


Aknzoves,  on  SepUmbcr  4..  i^yc).  exchiiiing 
the  unfortunate  princefs  Joanna  from  tiie  liie- 
celTion  to  the  crown  of  Caflile  ;  Ferdhuvul^ 
who  had  fecured  that  throne  to  himfelf,  re- 
nounced his  claim  to  ihe  kingdom  of  Porin- 
gal;  and  king  Alpbonfo  V.  of  Portugal,  on 
his  part,  refignM  the  title  of  king  ot  CajiHc, 
he  had  befoiv  afTumed.  It  was  fartiier  Iti- 
pulatcd  by  that  treaty,  that  the  com- 
merce and  navigation  of  Guinea,  with  the 
conqueft  of  the  kingilom  of  Ft  z,  granteij 
by  the  popes  to  the  kings  of  Porlugnl,  lliouM 
remain  to  them,  exclulivc  of  the  Caft'd'uvi', 
who  engaged  not  to  trade,  or  touch  in  thole 
parts,  without  permilTion  from  tiie  court  o: 
Portugal ;  and  on  the  other  hand,  tiiat  tlic 
Canary  iflands  (hould  entirely  belong  to 
the  crown  of  Spain. 

Manuel  de  Eiria  y  Soiifa,  \n  his  hiHory,  fMn-m 
pretends,  tliat,  contrary  to  tliefe  articles  ut ''•'"•''• 
peace,  the  Cajlili.ins,  in  tlie  year  i  4S  i ,  fent 
a  fleet  to  trade  on  the  coall  otGuiKft ;  where- 
upon, king  A'/J.wiifo  o\  Portugal  fent  a  fi]u,i- 
tlron  to  obflrudf  tl^em,  under  the  command 
ot  George  Correa,  who  met  with  tiiirty  fliipi 
oi' CaJtiU  on  the  coafl  o\'  Miiui,  and  after 
a  fliarp  engagement,  obtain'd  a  comple.it 
vi(ftory,  bringing  feveral  of  them  to  Li//'0)!. 
But  this  feems  to  be  a  groundlefs  narrative 
of  tliat  author's,  according  to  the  ufual  va- 
nity of  thole  people,  no  Spanifi  hillorian  ta- 
king the  leall  notice  of  any  fuchaftion  1  be- 
fides,  it  appears  that  the  crowns  of  djlile 
and  Portugal  were  that  year  1481  in  perfeft 
amity,  and  jointly  fitting  out  all  their  ma- 
ritime power  againft  the  Turki  ;  and  king 
Alphonfo  died  before  the  end  of  that  year ; 
befides,  Azambtija\  expedition,  mention'd 
above  that  fame  year,  contradifts  tliis  in- 
vention: fo  that  there  is  not  the  leafl  likeli- 
hood in  that  llory.  Nor  do  I  find  any  more 
in  what  the  fame  author  fays,  that  in  the 
year  1478,  the  Cajlilians  lent  to  the  laid 
coaft  a  fleet  of  thirty -five  fail,  iincier  the 
command  of  Pettr  ile  CoHil's,  who  brought 
a  great  quantity  of  gold  into  i'/'V'/' ;  luJi 
fleets  were  not  at  all  iilual  in  tliofedays,  and 
if  any  had  been,  other  autliors  mull  have 
made  mention  of  them  :  we  will  therefore 
add  no  more  ot  fuch  romantick  relations, 
this  beingenouf'  I  to  give  the  reader  a  caii- 
ti..n,  not  to  be  too  lialty  in  giving  credit  to 
vain-glorious  writers. 

King  Yobn  11.  of  Pc  .iigal,  in  onler  to  fe- 
cure the  wiiole  tr.idc  oi' Guinea  in  tlie  hands 
of  his  fubjetts,  granted  letters  patents  to 
fome  undertakers,  himfelf  joining  in  part- 
nerfliip  with  tliem.  Three  lliips  were  fitted 
out  i  and  lb  uncertain  .ire  the  accounts  of 
thefe  /^o'7«^/^(ytMti'airs,  tiiat,  notwithltanding 
tlie  relation  given  above  out  of  Alarnw!, 
fome  refer  the  erecting  of  the  fort  at  Mina  to 
this  year:  fuch  is  the  contullon  among  tholi; 
who  pretend  to  write  tlichiftory  of  that  na- 
tion. 


Book  ml      Chap.  6. 


Coafts  of  So  u  T  H-G  u  i  n  e  a. 


163 


xcluiling 
ntlic  \\u- 

nfelf,  re- 
ol  PorlK- 
lugal,  on 
i\  Cajlile, 
irthor  Iti- 
he  com- 
with  thi- 
,  granted 
,1/,  llioul>l 
CaftHiai!', 
:h  in  tholl' 
e  courc  ol 
,  th.it  tk- 
Dt'long  to 

is  hlftory, rj"** 
articles  ot"'-'"'''' 
1 4S  1 ,  lint 

f,t;  wIkTC- 

tnt  .1  f(]u.i- 

:  coinmLind 

thirty  fliips 

,  anil  ;itf:r 

I  coniple.it 

1  to  Li/hoii. 

s  n.irrative 

ic  ufiKil  v.i- 

lillorian  ta- 

iftion  1  be- 

s  of  CilUlt 

1  in  pertlft 

1  their  m.i- 

and  king 

that  year  ; 

im-ntionM 

:s  this  iii- 

If.ill  likcli- 

'  any  more 

Iwt  in  the. 

.0  the  laid 

under  the 

10  bfouiiht 

\hiin  ;  liith 

liays,  and 

nuill   iiave 

theretori! 

relations 

kkr  a  (.-.ui- 

trcilit  to 

inWr  to  li'- 
lliic  I'ani's 
patent';  to 
in  [lart- 
Ivere  luted 
leounts  ot 
|hltandin^ 
Marmol, 
It  Alina  to 
long  thok 
\i  that  na- 
tion. 


rortu- 

guele 

Guinea 


A  »if  W 

J4r)/M. 


Frmch 
a;iim  at 
(juinci. 


tion.  However,  ic  was  king  John  gave  time 
fort  the  name  of  St.  George,  and  afterwsrds 
granted  many  privileges  and  franchifes  to 
fucn  asfliould  be  willing  to  rcfide  in  it.  He 
alfo  gave  it  the  name  of  a  city,  and  caiis'd  a 
church  to  be  built  ir.  it,  dedicated  to  St. 
George.  After  tlii.s,  the  fiid  king  took  the 
ftile  cf  lord  of  Guinea,  and  ommanded  thofe 
who  were  employ'd  to  ma -.e  farther  difco- 
veries  along  the  foiitliern  coaft  of  /tfrica, 
and,  at  every  place  of  note,  to  crcdt  a  fquare 
monument  of  (tone,  fix  foot  high,  with  his 
arms  on  it,  and  two  infcriptions,  one  on  each 
fide,  in  Ld/mand  Portuguefe,  containing  the 
year,  month,  and  day  when  that  difcovery 
was  made  by  his  order,  with  the  name  of 
the  captainwho  commanded  thatexpcdition ; 
and  on  that  pedeftal,  altonccrofs,  cramp'l 
in,  whereas,  in  former  times,  they  ul'ed  to 
fet  them  up  of  wood. 

Some  years  after,  the  king  of  Portugal 
form'd  a  Guinea  company,  with  the  fole 
privilege  of  trading  there,  excluding  all  his 
other  fubjefts ;  which,  at  firft,  m.ide  a  very 
confiderable  profit,  and  caus'd  fort  St.  An- 
thony to  be  built  at  Jxim  ;  another  fmall  one 
at  .iaa  ;  and  a  lodge  at  Sama,  on  the  ri- 
ver of  St.  George ;  for  the  conveniency  of 
drawing  from  thofe  places,  which  were  in  a 
more  fruitful  and  cheaper  country,  the  ne- 
ccna.  y  piovifions  for  fubfifting  of  the  gari- 
fon  ot  Mina,  which  before  was  maintain'd 
by  the  king  of  Portugal,  who  referv'd  to 
himfelf  the  right  of  appointing  a  governour, 
and  other  officers,  every  three  years,  to  gra- 
tify fuch  of  his  fubjefts  as  had  ferv'd  hitn 
well  in  Europe  and  in  Africa,  in  his  wars 
with  the  Moors  of  Fez,  without  making  their 
fortunes. 

Thus  the  garifon  of  this  place  came  to 
be  commonly  compofed  of  leud  and  de- 
bauch'd  perfons,  as  well  officers  as  foldiers, 
both  of  them  ufed  to  commit  outrages,  and 
to  plunder,  or  of  fuch  as  were  banifh'd  Por- 
tugal for  heinous  crimes  and  mifdemeanours. 
No  wonder  therefore,  that  the  hiftories  of 
tJiofe  times  give  an  account  of  unparallel'd 
violences  and  inhumanities  committed  there 
by  thofe  unfatiablc  Portuguefe,  during  the 
time  that  place  was  under  their  fubjedion, 
not  only  againft  the  natives  of  the  country, 
and  ftich  Eurojeaii  nations  as  reforted  thi- 
ther, but  even  among  themfeives. 

In  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  king  of  France, 
the  civil  wars  there  being  at  an  end,  the 
Prciicb  again  relolv'd  to  trade  along  the 
coall  of  G'wiwrt,  and  accordingly  reforted  to 
tlie  pepper  and  gold  coaft  •,  and  not  being 
aLle  to  prevail  upon  the  Blaiks  of  Miiia,  to 
deal  with  them,  thofe  people  being  tieterr'd 
by  the  threats  of  the  Portuguefe,  they  failed 
\.\vn'::  10  Acra,  upon  intelligence,  that  the 
n, itr.es.  provok'd  by  the  barbarous  ulage  of 
the  i'.i-iii^jtffe,  had  iurpriz'd  their  little  fort, 


manacrcd  the  g.irifon,  andr.i7.cJit  to  theBAHHor. 
groumi,  J'l  the  year  1578.  v^v^^ 

Barbarity  toivards  the  French. 
17  R  O  M  that  time  the  Porlugihfe  loll:  their  Portu- 
*■    credit  and  intereft  on  that  coaft,  when  B"'''^ '''" 
they  had   reap'd  all  the  advantages  of  the"^'"*' 
Guinea  tr.ide  for  above  a    Inindred  years, 
which  now  dwindled  away  from  them;  other 
European  natives  contending  with  them,  and 
by  degrees  becoming  lliarers  in  the  wealth. 
But  this  w.as  not  without  bloodflied,    and 
particularly   many  of  the  Fr-nch  loit  their 
lives,  either  at  tlie  hands  of  the /*o;  .'/'^'.vc'f, 
or  ol  the  Blacks,  who  receivM  an    hundred 
crowns  reward  of  the  Portugucf;  for  every 
head  of  a    Fri'nchman   thev   brouj^iht,  the 
Portuguefe  general  t-xixifing  them  on    the 
walls  of   his  fort.     Tiiefe  barbarities  prac- 
tis'd  lor  many  years  by   the  Portuguefe,  fo 
terrify'd  the  French,  that  they  again  aban- 
don'd  the  tr.ulc  of  Guinea. 

As  for  tlie  BUuks,  the  Portuguefe  treated  Portu- 
them  with  the  utmoft  cruelty  upon  all  occa-sut^^'tf 
fions,  laying  he.ivy  duties  on  the  provifions""'''/' 
of  their  country,  and  on  the  fiflu'ry,  and 
forcing  the  prime  men  among  liiem,  and 
even  the  kings,  to  deliver  tiuir  lims  to  wait 
on  them  as  fervants,  or  fl.ives.  Nor  would 
they  ever  open  their  warehoufes,  iiniel^  there 
were  forty  or  fifry  marks  of  gold  brought 
to  purchafc  gjods,  when  they  coinpellM 
the  poor  wr.  tche';  to  take  any  commodities 
they  wou'.i  give  them,  good  or  bad,  and  at 
their  own 'price-,  thole  people  not  daring  to 
reful'e  -vhat  was  offer'd  rhem  ;  and  if  ever 
they  ound  any  bafe  mixture  among  the 
pure  gold,  they  immediately  caus'd  the 
oft'.nder  to  be  put  to  death,  ofwiiat  degree, 
or  condition  foever  he  might  be,  as  h.ip- 
penedtoa  nearrela'.ionof  the  klngot'Co/'i- 
many.  If  any  of  the  Blacks  diirft  buy  goods 
of  other  Europeans,  the  laid  goods,  if  lla'd 
by  the  Portuguefe  fifcals  .un.Uv.iicrs,  were 
not  only  confifcatcd,  lut  a  heavy  fine  im- 
pofed  upon  the  purch?.er. 

The  Diuch  founJ  no  better  uf.igc  from  Dutch  in 
the  Portuguefe,  wiien  they  had  an  opportu-  Guinea, 
nity,  but  would  not  defill  from  tlie  Guinea 
trade,  being  encourag'd,  by  the  migiity  pro- 
fit they  tbund  on  that  co  • .'  'o  bear  with  the 
outr.iges  ort'er'd  by  thoi  jjcople,  till  at  laft 
they  had  their  lull  revenge,  wnen  the  two 
nations  engag'd  i.i  war.  Then  the  Dutch 
calling  to  mind  ho. v  bafely  they  had  been 
treated  by  the  P,',  luguefe,  at  that  time  fub- 
jedts  to  Spain,  took  from  them,  not  only 
one  half  ol  BrazJ,  but  alfo  all  the  torts 
they  had  on  the  coaft  of  Guinea,  driving 
that  nation  thence  for  ever,  by  taking  the 
cattle  of  M;;m,  in  the  >-ear  16^7,  and  that 
of  .Is:  mm  1643,  asfliall  be  related  in  the 
next  chapter. 

Be- 


»j 


'mi 


ill 


1^4 


A  Defer iptiuft  of  the 


Book  III 


lil':|f!;,L,,.j|,; 


■H 


iiM'H^'r  i• 


ii:-y 


p4qf 


Rvundr 

^/\<^       ,9'/'  ivhiir  of  the  Tfiircu  in  Gvifiii  A. 

DF.FOKKI  proceed  on  th:»t  fubjedt,  the 
*^  1  o.ulcr  may  ptrliajw  be  iilcallil  to  hear, 
wlut  account  the  Porliiguefc  authors  give  of" 
the  hchaviour  of  the  Dtiuli,  towards  the 
/?/«( h  on  this  co.ift,  fince  they  firft  gain'd 
looting  tlicre.  I  will  ^ivc  the  words  of 
f'a.'coihilos,  a  Pjiiii^uejit  gentleman,  and 
knight  of  the  oriki  of  Christ,  in  his 
life  of  king  JohiU.  HI',  i.  p.  194.  The 
relnls  ftyi  he,  mranim  the  Dutch,  have 
g.iin'd  more  upon  thr  B'.ads  by  drunken- 
ncls,  givini;  tiiem  wine  and  (f rong  liquors, 
tl; 'n  by  foric  ot  nrnis  i  inllruding  them, 
as  minifters  of  the  devil,  in  their  wickednefs, 
tiic  more  d,iii[ferous,  where  there  is  no  vir- 
tue too;  pole  it  :  but  theiiiirolution  of  their 
lives  anil  manners,  and  the  advantages  the 
Pj'(Hi(n/-fe  of  Af;'/(i  have  gain'd«»ver  them, 
in  fomc  rencounters,  tlio'  inferior  in  num- 
ber, ji.ive  i;iven  the  relK-ls  lb  ill  a  reputation 
among  the  natives,  tiiat  ihey  not  only  con- 
temn them,  asinfu'ious,  but  alio  as  m-n  of 
ri()cour.i);e  and  refolution.  However,  the 
A'/.vi  ks  being  a  barbarous  people,  fufceptible 
uf  the  firil  notions  that  are   inftill'd    into 


them,  readily  enough  fwallow  Calvin's  poi- 
fon,  fpre.id  among  them,  intermixed  with 
merchandize-,  which  their  indullry,  taking 
the  advantage  of  our  negligence,  or  rather 
of  our  fins,  vends  about  ih.it  coaft,  where 
they  are  by  fuch  means  become  ablblutc 
pirates.  They  alfo  hold,  without  any  o- 
ther  right  or  title,  but  force  and  violence,  the 
fort  at  Boiilroi-,  lour  leagues  from  ouis,  that 
is,  at  Jxim ;  as  alfo  the  leiilements  ol  Copti, 
Corom.iHlin,  ami  /■lldia  del  Tinrlo,  at  Com- 
menilo,  and  fx-iVCcably  enjoy  liie  commerce 
of  Mma  i  wiiere  they  purchafe  above  two 
millions  of  gold  yearly,  and  export  all 
that  can  be  lurniflicd  there  by  the  J'az<i>i 
and  other  nations,  farthi  r  up  in  Kiiiu/ij, 
who  relbrt  thither  in  great  numUr-i.  The 
quantity  of  men  h.mdize,  and  their  cheap- 
nefs,  has  maikr  the  BarlxiruiHs  the  more 
greedy  of  them  ;  tho'  perfons  of  honour 
and  quality  have  ailur'd  me,  they  would 
willingly  pay  double  for  our  goods,  anil  are 
very  covetous  of  then),  as  lufpettinjr  the 
others  to  be  of  lefs  worth  and  deceitful,  lb 
that  they  buy  them  only  tor  want  of  better. 
But  enougii  of  this  author,  the  rtfl  being 
nothing  Ixic  vanity. 


CHAP.     VII. 

Firff  Dutch  voynges  to  Gtiinca.     They  take  the  cajfle  of  St.  George,  at  Mina  ,• 
their  behaviour  there  \  their  trade.,  fi<c. 


Otcifion 
tf  ll.'tm. 


I  ,1111  now  to  fpeak  of  the  taking  of  the 
c.dlle  of  Si.  Croygt;  at  AI.iui,  by  the 
Dutch,  and  fhall  therefore  begin  my  ac- 
count from  their  firft  voyage  to  the  Gold 
Cat. 

Firtl  Dutch  yoyngfs  to  Gvi'nz a. 
/ANK    Bernard   Eriiks,   of    MedenhUck, 


having  bem  taken  at  lea,  by  the  Portu- 
Q^iicf,:,  and  carry'd  to  the  Prime's  ifland,  in 
the  bight  of  Cuiiu.i,  and  hearing  there  of 
the  riJi  trade  they  drove  on  the  GoldCouj]  ; 
being  afterwards  let  at  liberty,  and  returning 
to  Il/dand,  olTer'd  his  fervice  to  fome  mi  r- 
cliants,  lor  a  Guinea  voyage  •,  who  accor- 
dingly furnifli'd  him  withafhip,  and  pro- 
per cargo. 

F.ricks  perform'd  the  voyage  fuccefifuUy, 

in  I'^'Jj,    running  along  the    whole    Gold 

CodjK  where  he  li-ttled  a  good  correfpon- 

dence  with  the  Blacks,  for  carrying  on  the 

trade   with  them    in  future    tiines.    Thefe 

people  finding  his  goods  inuch    better  an. 

cheaper,  tiian  wlut  tiicy  ufed  to  have  froin 

,l\\{:  Port.'iguefe,    and   beini^  dilgulled  at  the 

j^ji--/;;/«  violence  and  opprelTion  of  tiieir   tyrannical 

I'oitu-      governnunt,    bcfides  their  natural  love  of 

IS-'^'"-'-        novelty  ;    provok'd  the  Pcrliigueje    to    ufc 

them  worle  than  they  had  done  before,  and 

fo  they  continu'd  till   the  year  1600,  when 


Dui 


ks  rijt 


the  Commendo  and  h\iu  Blacks,  encourag'd 
by  the  Dutch,  who  fupply'd  them  with 
arms  and  other  necertiries,  role  againll  the 
Portuguefr,  who  had  above  three  hundred 
men  kill'd  in  that  war,  and  were  redur'd 
for  the  future  to  keep  thcmlllves  confin'd  to 
the  cattle  of  Mina. 

The  Dw/f/j  who  till  then  had  found  mucli 
difficulty  to  make  fettlements  on  the  Go'd"'^ll^ 
Coaft,  notwithflanding  their  being  coun-/i,r, 
ten.inc'd  by  the  Blacks,  relblv'd  now  to 
rrei;t  fomc  forts  on  the  coafts  of  Bcinn,  and 
/l/igula.  Then  pradlifing  underhand  with 
r  veral  of  the  kings  and  prime  men  alon" 
the  Gold  Coajl,  the  king  of  Sa!w:(  gave 
tiiem  leave  to  build  a  fort  at  Mourcc,  three 
leagues  eall  from  CaUo  Corfo,  which  they 
finilli'd  in  tile  year  1624,  and  gave  the  com- 
mand ot  it  to  Adrian  J.icobs,  at  the  time 
when  the  crown  of  Portt'^^al  v/.\%  at  war  with 
the  Dulch,  but  polTefs'd  by  Phid/lV.  king 
ot  S/'nin  ;  which  monarchs  had  reduced  u 
under  their  dominion  the  year  after  thedc.iili 
of  the  cardinal  ILnry,  the  lall  king  of  Per- 
/«^rf/ in  theycir  157!!,  who  furceeded  kinu 
SchiiJIian,  kiird  in  a  battle  ayainft  the  AIco'  > 
of  /■;■.:  and  Morocco.  The  laid  cardinal  was 
eighth  foil  to  king  Enuiiniel,  and  nc.u 
eighty  years  of  age  when  rais'd  to  the  throne, 
wliicli  accordingly  he  enjoy'd  not  long. 

2  III 


gutl'f. 


Dutch 
/(or  frtm 
Brair  u 


Chap.  7 

iijtfh         In 
■  "'•'  h  attem| 
'  '~'       liundri 
.Hid  tit 
oflheir 
landed 
the  cou 
routed 
lihcks 
taekinj: 
their  b 
before  1 
gorous 
fore  ni 
hundrci 
ty  fix  f( 
bou  Bhu 
Lamb  t 
refcued 

DuTi  1 

Putrr.         I        r 
„n„n>l>    '     -iftC 

ml  ihi     Naffau, 

pany  ;  i 

Mourec, 

tereft  he 

that  coaf 

to  fettle  I 

of  large 

he  made 

foment  a 

garifon  ir 

difpos'd ; 

gain'd  tl 

town  of 

cond  atte 

account  t 

India  con 

years  bet 

taking  of 

Santos,   t 

triv'dall 

arms  on  tl 

Iters  of  I 

continent! 

commanc 

to  tile  Ea 

the  Spani 

other  not 

fought  o 

cape  Ven 

tail'din  tl 

larly  in  t 

year  i6aj 

was  recko 

dcfigns. 

At  thii 
[au,  a  ne 
was  arriv 
IVejl-lndxL 
general  of 
with  the 
VoL.1 


Ch AP.  7-  Coafts  of  So  u  T  h-G  u  i  n  e  a. 


l6^ 


itnt'ii 
ml  iht 

tutlc. 


I,  „h  In  Dcccmlfr  \i^i-,,  tin-  /)«/</)  made  an 
':«ii>l  h  attempt  on  tl\c  cillle  of  Mimt,  with  twelve 
■^  liumlrfd  ot  ilifirown  men,  anil  a  hundrcil 
aiul  (i\\y  Sill/on  Riickf,  under  the  command 
ot'thcir  Ucar-Admiraiy.w-D/r*)  Lumb, who 
i.iniicd  at  -Ifnu  Pe/jiii-na  ,  or  Ampeiin,  m 
tk  country  of  Commendo,  but  were  totally 
rouud  liy  tlif  Portii^uefe  u::xiliarics,  the 
lU.tcki  of  Mum,  alone  ■,  thofc  natives  at- 
tacking tlic  Dutch  before  they  could  form 
their  body,  at  the  foot  of  a  hill,  a  little 
before  i'un-fet,  which  was  done  in  fuch  vi- 
gorous manner,  that  the  aftion  was  over  be- 
fore night,  with  the  flaughter  of  three 
hundrca  fcvcnty  three  foldiers,  and  fix- 
ty  fix  feamen,  Infides  all  the  auxiliary  .V(j- 
bou  BLuks,  and  motl  of  tiieD«//6  Officers. 
Lamh  their  general,  being  wounded,  was 
rcfcued  by  th''  little  Commany  Blacks. 

Du  T  f  H  lake  Castle  St.  Georoi:(J/ 

M  1  N  A. 

qrllE  ftatcs-gcneral,   having  fome years 

N'lffiiit,  At  Mour ft;  to  thnr  ff^fjl- J ndia  com- 
pany  i  Nicholas  l^aii  T^roi,  their  general  at 
Moitrfe,  made  from  time  i,-)  time  what  in- 
tereft  he  could  with  the  Black  kings  along 
that  coaft  to  drive  the  Portuguefe  thence,  and 
to  ll'ttlc  thcmfelvcs  in  their  room,  by  means 
of  large  prclenLs  and  many  larger  promifes 
he  made  them,  and  fucceedcd  fo  well  as  to 
foment  a  divifion  among  the  very  Portuguefe 
garifon  in  the  caftle  ofMina.  JT'ving  thus 
difpos'd  all  things  for  a  change,  an^  "^  iving 
gain'd  the  Caboceiros  and  captains  oi  the 
town  of  Miiia,  to  afTift  the  Dutch  in  a  fe- 
cund attempt  upon  the  caftle,  hefcnta  full 
account  thereof  to  the  diredlors  of  the  IFeJl- 
Imlia  company  in  llollaml;  who  having  Ibme 
years  before  gain'd  footing  in  Brazil,  by 
taking  of  St.  Salvador  and  Babia  de  todos  los 
Santos,  belonging  to  Portugal,  had  con- 
triv'd  all  polTlbie  means  to  fecure  a  place  of 
arms  on  the  coall  of  Africa  ;  that  being  ma- 
ilers of  both  points,  on  the  two  oppofite 
continents,  they  might  have  the  ablblute 
command  of  the  ocean,  and  of  the  pafTage 
to  tile  Eafl-Indits ;  fo  to  ruin  the  trade  of 
the  Spaniards,  Portuguefe,  Englijh  and  all 
other  northern  nations.  They  had  often 
fought  out  for  fuch  a  place  of  arms,  from 
cape  Verde  to  the  cape  of  Good  Hope,  but 
t'ail'd  in  their  feveral  attempts,  and  particu- 
larly in  that  I  mention'd  before,  in  the 
year  1625,  againft  the  caftle  ofMina,  which 
was  reckoned  the  moft  convenient  for  their 
defigns. 

At  this  time  count  John  Maurice  of  Naf- 
fau,  a  near  relation  to  the  prince  of  Or,i«^^, 
was  arriv'd  in  Brafil,  being  by  the  Dutch 
IFeft-India  company  appointed  governor- 
general  of  that  country  and  of  fouth  America, 
with  the  confeni  of  the  ftates,  and  of  the 

V  o  L.  V. 


Dmch 
fm  frm 


prime  of  Orai:'/,  and  being  made  equal  inHA'nuvr. 
authority  to  tiie  governor  general  of  the  ^•Or^ 
I'.all- Indies,  having  the  Ible  diredion  of 
martial  anil  civil  affairs,  religion,  juftice 
and  commerce.  With  him  went  a  I'lcet 
of  thirty  two  Ihips,  twelve  of  them  men  of 
war,  carrying  two  thoidand  feven  hunditdof 
the  choiceft  foldiers.  I^'an  }'\/ren  being  in- 
form'd  of  his  arrival  in  lirajil,  and  conquefts 
there,  tent  a  velTel  over  to  gi\<'  him  an  ac- 
count of  the  favourable  ojiponunity  then 
olTer'd  for  reducing  of  the  i  all  le  of  Atina^ 
and  banilliing  the  J'oruigiteie  from  the  CalJ 
Coajl,  by  the  conqiull  of  that  (Irong  place. 
Count  NaJ/iiu  feni  liim  nine  men  of  war,  of 
his  fquadron,  under  the  command  of  colo- 
nel Hans  Coiiie,  provided  with  all  neceftaries 
tiir  fuch  an  expedition. 

This  fquadron  arriving  at  cape  La  liou, 
on  the  coaft  of  i^taqua,  Jum  the  i5th  1637, 
the  commander  immediately  fent  advice  to 
Van  ypren,  at  Mouree,  and  proceeded  him- 
felf  with  his  fquadron  to  ljfen\,  there  to 
expedt  that  general's  orders,  which  were  to 
bring  his  fquadron  to  Commendo  road,  laJtiotl"'' 
join  him  with  two  hundred  canoes  of  Blacks''""' 
and  fome  tranfport  lliips. 

Van  ypren  gain'd  over  to  his  party  moll 
of  the  youth  of  Commendo,  to  whom  he 
prornis'd  a  confiderabic  fum  of  gold,  in 
cafe  he  reduced  the  caftle  by  their  alHllance. 

Thus  the  fleet  proceeded   towards  cape 
Corfo,   and  the  forces   landed  the  i^^th  of 
July,  in  a  little  bay,  or  creek,  aboutlulfa 
mile  weft  of  Corfo,    in    their  bar   canoes  j 
every  foldier  carrying  three  days   provifiun. 
They  were  in  all  eight  hundred  Iblditrs  and 
five  hundred  feamen,  befides  the  auxiliary 
Blacks,    and  march'd   in  three  bodies ;  tlie 
firft  of  them,  being  the  tan,  was  lic.ided 
by  I'Villiam  Lalan,  the  main  body  by   'John 
Godlaat,   and  the   rear    l)y   colonel    Coine. 
They  all  halted  at  the  river  Dana  or  Dolce 
to  rcfrcfti  thcmfelves,  and  Come  being  in- 
form'd,  that  a  body  of  a  thoufand   Mhia 
Blacks  was  pofted  at  the  toot  of  tiiehill  of 
Santiago,  to  oppole  his  taking  poirefTion  of 
it,  as  itappear'dby  his  march  he  defign'd, 
befides  that   it  w.is  ablblutcly  neceflary  to 
to  do,    that  being   the  only    place    which 
could  favour  their  enterprize,  as  command- 
ing the  'brt  i  he  detath'd  four  companies  of 
fuzilier,^    to  beat   ihem  off:    but   inftead  of 
perfbrming  it,  they  were  moft  of  them  cut 
in  pieces  by  thofe  Blacks,  who  ftruck  off 
their  heads,   .and  carry'd    them   into  the 
town,  in  triumphant    manner.     Hereupon 
major  Bon  Garzonv/ns  fent  thither  with  ano- 
ther detachment,  and  having  without  much 
difficulty  forded  the  river   Dana,  fell  upon 
tiiat  body  with  fuch  vigour,  that  he  oblig'd 
them  to  abandon  their  poft,  and  polTels'd  c»in  » 
himfelf  of  it,    with   the  lots  of  only  fourM' 
whites  and  ten  blacks  kiil'd  iiuhc  attack. 
U  u  But 


'ii 


4 


V'-.*  'I' 


iii 


3^ 


^Ma^ 


;i'    I 


\66 


A  Description  of  the 


Book  Inn   CuaiJ 


An  ri- 

tHija. 


BiRBDT  But  ihe  m.\|or  wa'<  aftfi^wardi  attackM  then* 
^^V^^  two  fcveral  times,  by  the  n.itivc-s,  tikIim- 
vouring  to  rtiovtr  llii:  lakl  j'oll,  whom  he 
obligfil  both  times  to  retire  i  yet  it  loll 
the  life  of  irilliam  Lutein  ami  lomc  more  ot 
his  men,  Bon  Ctrion  iiurliiing  the  tni.'my 
down  into  the  valley,  bitwciii  the  moun- 
tains ami  the  hill  ySaiiliino,  where  the  rtll  ol 
the  Dutih  forces  join'd )iim. 

The  Poriiigurj,',  no  lonj;cr  able  to  keej) 
the  licM  againll  the  Dulii',  retirM  into  the 
redoubt  tiity  h.ul  built  on  the  hill  Siinii>i^>. 
It  was  not  long  before  they  were  attack  M 
in  that  place.  Colonel  Comf  having  lausM 
two  ways  to  be  cut  through  the  tliiikets, 
which  cover  one  Mv  of  the  hill,  the  one  lead- 
ing to  the  river  D.inn,  and  the  other  diredf  ly 
to  the  redoubt  on  the  hill,  two  pieces  of  can- 
non and  a  mortar  were  brought  up  the  hill, 
and  mounted, onanadvantageouslpot,  which 
commanded  the  ealUe  lo  entirely,  that  ten 
or  twel  ve  bombs  t  he  y)tt/r/^thriw  from  thence, 
were  viry  near  I  illing  into  the  place. 

In  the  nie.m  time,  another  detachment  of 
Dii!lI.'  and  Comirrm'o  Bl.hks  was  lent  out,  to 
attack  the  Mbia  IH.uks,  and  afterwards  the 
weftend  of  their  town.  The  Ccmmrmlo 
Black)  attempting  to  drive  away  Ibme  cattle, 
were  in  danger  of  Ix-ing  tut  in  pieces,  had 
not  the  conduif>  of  their  officers  prevented  it, 
by  keeping  them  clofe  in  a  body  along  the 
river  Bnij^,  which  covereil  them  ■,  fo  that 
the  rell  of  that  day  was  fpent  in  fkirmilhint^. 
The  next  day,  the  Di(t<h  being  reinforced 
from  their  main  boiiy,  attacked  the  town  of 
Mtiia,  but  were  forced  to  retire  by  the  great 
fire  from  the  callle. 

The  day  after,  the  general  fearing  left  de- 
lays Ihoul'd  be  pretailici.i-l  to  his  defign,  and 
difappoiiit  the  undertaking,  fummoned  the 
calue  as  fiwn  as  it  w.as  light,  protclfing  he 
would  put  all  the  garrifon  to  the  (word,  if 
they  lefufed  to  furrender  immediately.  The 
Porlui^uefe  governor  demanded  three  days  to 
confider  on  it ;  which  was  rcfufed  him,  n- ' 
fothat  day  was  fpent. 

The  next  morning  Coi«^  drew  up  b  i  forces 
on  the  hill  Siintiago,  and  threw  fever  I  bombs 
into  the  place,  with  little  elVedl ;  but  the 
following  day,  having  caufed  his ;.  ranadiers 
to  draw  nearer  to  the  caftle,  the  Pv  -"'"wfa 
beat  the  Cbamade,  and  fent  out  two  perlon.s 
to  capitulate,  the  articles  licing  fuch  as  the 
Dutch  general  would  impofe,  viz. 

1.  The  governor,  garifon,  and  all  other 
Porlugiirfe,  to  march  out  that  day,  with 
their  wives  and  children,  but'without  fwords, 
colours,  or  any  weapons,  e.ich  perfon  being 
allowed  but  one  fuit  of  wearing  apparel. 

2.  All  the  goods,  merchandize,  golit,  and 
fl.ives,  to  remain  to  the  Duiih,  except  only 
twelve  fl.ivcs  allowed  the  inhabitants. 

3.  The  church-ftuff",  which  was  not  of 
gold  or  filvcr,  allowed  to  be  carried  away. 

I 


Portu- 
guele 
feorly  fub- 
mil. 


Mfonar 

lidti. 


4.  The  Prrii'eui'fi!  and  .</..;'.(/  01  in  Iv  jn.i 
abo.ird  the  liiuailron,  wi;h  'Ikit  wives  and 
children, and  carried  to  the  illimi  .V/.  liiv.i.is, 

rtius  this  (auKius  callle  of  Mii:.i  was  deli-  ^Vr, 
vercvl  uptothe/Ja/./),  on  the  3.)'"  ot  ./■.(>?,// '<t.i 
if);7,andinit  tlity  found  thirty  goixl  puces  jj'" 
ot  br.ilj  Cannon,    nine  thoulaiid  wei|;lit  ot 
powilcr,     and    mm  h    otiier    ammunit.on. 
'i'liere  was  very  little  goKI,    and   no  yie.ii 
t|uantity  ot  goods.    ThiMlnne,  (^^iiu-hiuvikA 
to  Mour.-e,    with   hb  tori.es,  le.ivingi.ipt.im 
hk\iti\uv<n  to  (ommand  at  Mitia,  with  a 
garifon  ot    140  men,  belldes  Icver.d  W/./i/fj, 
who  hail  taken  an  oath  of  fidelity  10  ihcm. 

C.oiiie,  to  make  his  advantage  of  the  con- 
fternation  the  fpcedy  conquell  ot  the  caillt  of 
Miitit  had  Ipread  along  the  ColJ-Coiiji,  fent 
a  canoe,  with  a  letter  to  the  governor  of  the 
Poriii^urk  tort,  called  .V.  Jnioiiy,  at  ytxim, 
the  moll  import.int  port  the  Poylii^urff  hail 
on  that  co.ilf,  next  to  Aliiui,  to  fummon 
him  to  furrender  that  phice,  btlore  he  came 
to  .ittack  it  with  his  torces.  The  governor, 
who  had  more  courage  th.in  the  oilur  at. 
Alina,  eonfidering  the  7)/(/(7j  loilil  not  Well 
bcfuge  hi.s  fort,  by  realiin  of  the  lon'inual 
rains  of  that  fealbn,  aniwered,  that  he  w, is 
ready  to  give  Coiiu-  a  good  reception,  if  in: 
Ihould  pretend  to  befiige  that  place,  whicii 
he  was  relolved  to  defend  to  the  la(t  extre- 
mity, for  his  king  and  mafter.  This  relb- 
lute  anfwer  obliged  Coiwtoput  ofi-"  that  cn- 
terprize  to  a  more  favourable  opportunity  •, 
and  the  Dttttb  did  not  reduce  .Ixitn  till  the 
year  [ii.^i.  C'.iiie  returned  to  firrtii/ with  his 
Hrct  and  forces,  where  count 7c''-'«  Altuoheii^ 
Najjuii  r.iuli-il  him  10  be  received  at  Olindii 
and  /hrttcij-u  underadifcharge  of  allthe can- 
non, and  with  .ill  oilier  marks  of  honour. 

'J'he  DtHib  now  beiome  mailers  of  the 
impori.HU  i>lace  of  Minn,  endeavoured  to  ,■;  ', 
engrofs  all  the  trade  of  thccoift  iiuhi.irown,rl/ 
hands  1  and  to  that  etfict,  I  an  ))ien  was 
called  from  Mniirn'  to  ALna,  to  niike  th.it 
his  refidence,  as  general  of  fw/(;,vj  and  yln- 
gola.  Me  ciule-d  the  callle  to  be  repaired 
and  enlarged,  and  by  degrees  made  it  much 
ftrongcr,  more  lieautitui,  ->nd  of  a  greater 
extent,  than  when  the  Pmtiigucfe  had  it. 

Bibavioiir  of  the  Di;tch  in  Guinea. 
"yHE  Dutch  at  lirlf  trt-ated  theA/nJ-fofr..^, 
*     Mi>ia,  and  the  reft  ofthecoaft,  very ''" E^i:;- 
gently,  careftlng  and  prelenting  the  chief  ot '"'' 
them  :  but  when  the  Entlijh  came  to  put  in 
for  a  ftiare  of  the  trade  of  that  rich  country, 
and  endeavoured  to  make  an  intereft  among 
the  Blah,   in  order  to  make  letil  -ments  on 
that  coaft,   the  Dutih  changed  their  former 
civility  towards  the  B!f^ck>  into  leverity,  to 
deter  them  from  favouring  ilie  EngUJlj.  They 
alfo  feized  the    Englt/b  tort  at  C'/rmentx-i, 
where  tlw  general  of  that  nation  refi'led, 
which  was  one  of  the  motives  for  the  war  be- 
iwceji  ihcm  in  the  year  1666,  The 


i . "'  "I  if 


I  n 


Book  lllj      CiiAi'.  7. 


Confts    0/   SOUTH-GUINLA. 


c67 


10  Ix'  pv.i 
IVl'S    .iiul 

ihti.un, 

W.IS  licit-  \l:ri 
(ll  ./.■•8f<//'^'" 
).kI  pilCfs  ,,^, 

vcif'jlic  ot 

110    k^KMl 

■Mturiicil 
)^(.>)>I.1JI) 
t,  will)  a 
mI  Hi.it  ki, 
!Oll>cm. 
'  till-  ton- 
letaftlt  of 
'o'ljl,  li-nc 
nor  of  the 

at  JxiiH, 
Ki^Ki'/f  liatl 
1  fummon 
■('  lit  t.mu: 
{^Qvcrnor, 
'  ot!u  r  ai 
Id  not  Will 
'  continii.il 
li.it  he  was 
lion,  if  In: 
icf,  which 
1,1ft  cxtre- 
Thib  rclo- 
irt'  thit  cn- 
poitunity  •, 
vim  till  the 
:i7  with  his 
Mdiir'ufuK 

at  Olmi.i 

illthccan- 

onoiir. 

ITS  of  the 


red  to 


Dj-ch  '■ 


iheii  owiwrj.; 

li/^e"/)  w;is 

Vv.ikc  th.'.t 

anil  yh.- 

rci'.iiifcl 

lie  ir  much 

la  grt-attr 

lad  it. 

INF.  A. 

•  Biaik'ofTcw". 
laft,  very''"f-ni' 

chief  oi'"'^ 
I  to  put  in 
I  country, 
Ift  among 
Inents  011 
lir  torniiT 
Icritv,  to 
te.  'i'hvy 

refrletl, 
war  he- 

I'lif; 


i,yr.i'J-  riic  hotter  to  riirh  thr-  HI icki  along  the 
iitti.ii.kt  i^o.iit,  anil  to  ciipiofs  the  whole  trailc,  they 
cric'teil  liiiall  torts  at  fltc/Mjw,  S,imii,  (i',iir , 
.-/niimiiho,  i'.ormnit)ii,  and  A<ra,  pretcnilin^; 
to  the  fl'rt'  (■',  till  y  iticl  it  to  protrd  and  d«- 
hinl  dieiii  ai^ainll  the  ouirapcs  and  inliilts  ol 
their  iici(;hliouriiii»  i  ncmies  ol  the  inland 
cointry,   who  ulcd  often  to  attack  them. 

Hrim;  iliusj;rown  powerful,  the  more  to 
keep  down  the  RLuks,  atui  prevent  their  at- 
t.nipiin^  any  thing  againll  thcin,  they  laid 
(iutits  on  their  filhery  at  /Vx.m,  Mimi,  and 
jMiir,;;  forbidding  them,  under  Itvere  pc- 
n  lines,  to  ho'd  any  correl'pondence,  or  trade 
with  other /*.//'''/><■./(»,  as  has  been  obliiv'd 
belore  \  and  proceeded  to  lord  it  over  them 
roabfolutely,  as  to  take  to;;ni/anre  ot  ,ill 
civil  and  criminal  caufe^,  and  to  .ifllime  the 
power  ot  life  anti  death  over  them  1  though, 
on  the  other  hand,  they  are  oblig'd  to  pay 
yearly  acknowledt^emenis  to  the  native  kings 
lor  ilie  torts  ilu  y  have  there. 

Perceiving  that,  notwiihrtandingall  thefe 
pri<aiiiion'i,  the  Rl.icki  were  not  deterr'd 
IrDin  tr.■^di^g  with  other  Eump^ans,  when 
o.eilion  oflVr'il,  they  alio  abiiled  the  Eiiro- 
fniif  thcml'elves  and  continue  lo  to  do,  to 
this  very  day. 
H  ,1,,  The  difcontent  of  the  A/w.i  and  Conm->th 
yntkii.  B!.ick<,  as  well  as  thnCc  of  f'elu  and  .'<'  11, 
was  grown  to  Inch  a  hright  in  my  time,  (ii-c- 
cidly  thofeat  Mina,  that  they  had  actually 
broke  with  the  Dutch,  and  for  ten  months 
kept  their  general  dole  contin'd  to  the  caff  le, 
without  daring  to  come  abro.id,  and  h.id 
twice  afTiulted  if,  tlo'  without  I'ucccfs,  for 
w.iiu  of  undrrlf.tnding  the  art  of  war  ;  ha- 
ving loll  .ibout  eighty  of  their  men,  killing 
bill  tour  of  the  Diiub. 

Not  n  ilay  jxil'sM,  whilft  1  lay  thereabouts 
:it  anchor,  but  1  had  thirty  or  forty  ca- 
ro's  from  Miiia  and  Cnmmcndo,  all  the 
j5.'(«  coming  to  compl.iin  of  the  hardfhips 
the  Dhtch  put  ujTon  their  countrymen  ;  keep- 
ing I'omc  of  them  for  a  long  time  in  the 
I  ill'oes,  within  the  caftle,  expoled  ftark 
n.iked  to  the  Icorching  heat  of  the  fun  in 
[lie  day,  and  to  the  cold  dews  in  the  night. 
I  niylelffaw  three  of  them  in  that  condition 
nn  the  laiul-b.itteries,  fliow'd  me  by  the 
thsn  D.  ith  general  ;  who  told  me,  he  h.xd 
kc-pt  tiiem  lb  above  nine  months,  as  a  pu- 
iiiihnient  foi  their  boldncfs  and  treachery,  as 
liivingbeen  ccjncern'd  in  the  confpiracy  of  the 
Hl.ifksofMiihi  AC  thattime,  to  furprife  the  ca- 
Ifle  of  .•>'/.  C'Oin^c,  and  to  deflroy  it  by  (ire,  to 
wiiich  purpolc  they  h;id  actually  gather'd 
a  great  number  of  the  Mwa  men  1  bu:  the  in- 
andtd  defign,  being  by  him  prevented,  many 
ciftiiein  wiie  (led  from  the  town  to  other 
pi.ueson  the  coall,  after  tiring  their  houfes. 

Ill  lliort,  the  /ila--ks,  boih  here  and  at 
C:>!:met:do,  continually  entertained  me  with 
their  grievances,  and  every  one  in  parti- 


'Hinl, 


cular  im|ioriunM  me  m  inlunii  the  /•'•••v^tMh'ii.i.- 
cotirt,    .It   my    return,    how   denioin  tii'v  V^VNJ 
were  to  lie  the  l'ff>i  It  leitlid  iln  re,  to  pro 
tcdf  them  agaiiill   the  oppuHum   iluy   by 
under, 

Being  one  morninp  .nt  brcakt.ilf  with  the 
general,  with  whom  I  wa«  pretty  l.iiinli.u, 
as  being  my  old  aitni.iint iin.e  1  he  Ipied 
through  the  g.dlery  window  fever,''  canoes 
of  MiHii,  which  were  going  ilxp.ird  my 
floop  ill  the  roail  to  tr.ule  :  whereupon  he 
abruptly  in  a  iviitlion  fiitl,  h  ■  would  detain 
me,  and  lei/.e  the  Hoop,  and  had  dlcclually 
done  It,  but  that  I  delircd  him  to  lend 
aboard,  an.l  i miuire,  whethir  I  h.idnotlek 
pofuive  orilers  with  the  m.ider,  to  fell  no- 
thing to  the  lil.hki  1  befides,  that  the  filed 
was  .idualiy  in  the  floo|>,  to  oblei  ve  wh.it 
p.ifTeil.  For  his  f.uihcr  latisfatftion,  I  loll 
him  the  remaining  p.irt  of  the  cargo  that 
was  in  the  (loop,  for  about  ten  inarks  of 
golil  1  and  when  I  returned  .ibtjird,  I  had 
much  ado  to  get  rid  of  the  W'.i.r,,  who 
were  all  much  dilTaiisficd  that  1  had  fold  thole 
goods  to  the  general. 

The  hard  ulage  of  the  Mhui  lilacks^ohWgn 
many  of  tfiem  to  fly  (rom  thence  to  other 
parts  of  the  coaft,  which  much  lefTcns  the 
tr^-de  of  the  Dutch  ;  as  does  the  great  rcfort 
o!  other  Europdin  (Tiips  on  that  coaft :  for  \ 
can  remember,  that  fotne  years  there  have 
been  above  fifty  .trading  there,  all  at  one 
time.  Another  detriment  is  occafion'd  ro 
them  b;  the  many  fcttleinents  made  on  that 
coaft,  within  thefe  fifty  years  laftpafl  ;  and 
the  Dutch  general,  at  Minn,  admits  of  no 
Blacks  to  buy  goi  ils,  unlefs  they  can  pur- 
chafe  the  value  of  fix  marks  of  gold  toge- 
ther. 

I  was  told  there,  by  fonie  of  the  chief 
faftors,  that  formerly  they  ufed  to  export 
thence  above  three  thou  land  marks  of  gold 
yearly,  i^nd  now,  not  above  two  thouland, 
when  the  trade  is  at  the  bcft. 

They  alfo  ufed  to  export  near  eight  thou- 
fmd  fl.ives  from  the  whole  coaft,  l)eginning 
■It  Sierra  Leona,  down  to  Angola,  molt  of 
which  they  delivered  at  C.ur.ij[:iu,  whence 
the  Spaniarcii  had  them  at  an  hundred  and 
one  pieces  of  eight  per  head  ;  befiiles  vafl 
quantities  of  elephants  teeth,  wax,  Guinea- 
pepper,  red-wood,  cloths  and  other  goods 
of  the  country. 

Notwithftanding  all  this,  I  am  convinc'd 
that  the  great  charges  the  company  is  at, 
in  building  and  keeping  in  repair  lb  many 
forts  and  fadories,  with  a  fufficient  number 
of  garifons,  and  tuch  a  number  of  agents, 
faftors,  tradefmen,  fervants,  labourers,  and 
Gourmet  Blacks  in  conftant  pay  •,  as  rilfo  the 
valt  expence  of  fo  many  wars  fuc,  c  (fivcly 
againft  the  natives  and  others  ;  bribing  the 
black  kings,  and  paying  large  funis  for  auxi- 
liaries and  fpiesi  prcfents,   tolls  cuftoms, 

.ind 


!■:    ,1 


li-i      i  i 


S,i!  i    ft . 


5i; 


iil^';^  ..■'hit 


If,. 


m 


'<•       ■  .'.  I!  . 


i6S 


A  Defcriptiott  of  the 


Book  III. 


Barbot,  md  falaries  to  agents  and  fervantsin  America 
^'^V'^^  and  in  Europe ;  with  many  more  accidents 
and  cafualcics,  wliich  fall  in  unexpeftedly : 
all  thefe  things  confider'd,  the  profits  arifing 
by  this  trade  cannot  be  fo  confiderable  as 
lome  fuppofe  it  to  be. 

On  the  contrary,  it  may  be  concluded  un- 
reafonable  to  expeft  any  thing  but  lofs  for 
any  company,  as  I  did  make  out  to  the 
French  African  company,  who,  perhaps, 
are  much  the  better  ever  fince,  for  driving 
their  trade  by  (hip: 'ng  only  along  the  Gold 
CoaJ},  and  in  other  parts  of  G«»«m  properly 
fo  call'd,  without  the  charge  of  fuch  fettlc- 


mentsadiorc.  An  inftance  hereof  they  have 
in  their  trade  at  Senega,  Coerce,  and  Gat/iha, 
where,  tho'  the  profits,  at  firft  fight,  fcem 
very  confiderable,  yet  by  reafon  of  the  valf 
charges  in  maintaining  garifons,  and  fo  ma- 
ny fervants  there,  and  in  the  Caribbee  iflands 
{^America,  we  have  fccn  the  ftock  of  that 
company  quite  cxhaufted,  and  two  or  three 
times  fiiccefijvely  renew'd.  And  I  am  apt 
to  believe,  the  Dutch  fVeft-hdia  company 
have  no  great  caufc  to  boaft  of  their  profit 
in  Guinea,  notwithftanding  their  vafl  trade 
there,  confidering  their  txpences  as  a- 
bove. 


CHAP.    viir. 

The  kingdom  of  Fetu  defer ibed.  Mandfnga  kingdom.  Cape  Corfo,  Oocgwa 
tovm.  Englifli  and  Dutch  there.  Englifti  fort  at  cafe  Corfo.  Aguaffou 
njillage.     Manfrou  to^jun.     Danifhyir^. 


Bfunili  cf 
the  k'mg- 
iom. 


Fine  pefH- 
Icui  ceun- 
try. 


Einflay- 
f 'lent  I. 


C»ft 
Corlo. 


THE  kingi'o-nof  F^/ft  or/^tt/«>,  as  the 
Portiiguef  Author  D.  Auguft  in  Ema- 
nuel lie  yafcomeio,  :alls  it,  and  fome  EngliJIj 
Fdou,  of  whicli  I  am  now  to  fpeak,  borders 
weftward  on  the  river  Benja,  and  the  coun- 
try of  Commendo  ;  northward,  on  yltti ;  eaft- 
ward,  on  Saboe,  ending  below  the  Datiijb 
mount  At  Manfrou  ;  and  fouthward,  on  the 
ocean,  being  about  five  leagues  in  breadth. 
The  prefenc  king's  name  is  Ahen  Penin 
AJImve.  The  kingdom'  is  eleftive,  the 
principal  town  of  it  is  call'd  I'elu,  lying  up 
the  country. 

This  country  isfo  populous,  that  itftrikes 
a  terror  into  all  its  neighbours,  efpecially 
thofe  of  Commendo,  whom  it  once  fubdued. 
It  has  many  well-built  towns,  full  of  inha- 
bitants, abounds  in  corn  and  cattle,  palm- 
wine  and  oil,  and  is  adorn'd  with  fmooth 
ftrait  roads,  let  with  trees  on  both  fides  from 
a  mile  or  two  beyond  Mina  to  Simhe,  a  vil- 
lage about  two  leagues  up  the  country  of 
Fetu,  fo  thick,  that  they /belter  the  travel- 
ler both  from  the  fun  and  rain.  All  the  hills 
and  other  lands  near  the  frelh  waters  are 
cover'd  with  beautiful  lofty  trees,  and  the 
whole  country  reaps  much  advantage  by  be- 
ing featcJ  fo  near  the  chief  refidences  of  the 
Engnjh  and  Dutch. 

The  Blocks  of  this  kingdom  apply  them- 
fclves,  fome  to  tillage  •,  others  to  fiming,  or 
boiling  of  fait ;  others  toprefs  oil  and  draw 
wine  from  the  palm-trees ;  and  others  to 
trade,  either  on  their  own  account,  or  as 
brokers  for  the  iiiland  Blacks. 

This  little  kingdom  h.as  feveral  villages 
on  the  fea-coait,  the  chiefeft  whereof  is 
Ooegwa,  M  cape  Corfo,  which  juts  out  into 
the  fea  in  .4  deg.  49  min.  of  north  latitude. 
This  place  is  lamou',  lor  the  beautiful  ca- 
ftle  the  Eii'ilijli  h.ive  built  there,  and  for 
the  plentiful  market  held  every  day  in  the 


tl'-.  ■  \- 


town,  of  all  forts  of  provifions,  brought 
down  from  the  inland  country  of  Fetu,  as 
alfo  of  confiderable  quantities  of  gold  from 
Fetu,  Abramboe,  Afiento,  and  even  from 
Miindinga;  which  laft  is  above  two  hur  "ledMandina 
leagues  up  the  country  north-weft  from  cape  Wii'km. 
Corfo,  as  the  Ooegwa  Blacks  report  ;  adding, 
that  the  people  of  Mandinga  are  a  fort  of 
wild  and  bloody  Blacks.  Their  capital  city 
of  Songo  is  in  10  degrees  of  north  latitude, 
and  about  6  degrees  of  longitude  weft  from 
the  meridian  of  London,  according  to  a 
modern  author,  very  rich  in  gold,  much 
whereof  is  carry'd  to  Tomhut,  on  the  north 
fide  of  the  river  Senega,  as  has  been  before 
obferv'd. 

OoEOWA  Town. 
'T'HE  Town  of  Ooegiva,  contains  above ''i/wm 
five  hundred  Houles,  divided  by  nar-'''"''8'c 
row  crooked  lanes,  along  the  defircnt  of  the 
hills,  appearing  like  an  amphitheater   from 
the  coaft.     It  is  govern'd  by  a  Braffg,  and 
one  Griffin,  a    Cabocciro,  and  lies  all   of  it 
under  the  command  of  the  caftle-guns. 

x"he  inhabitants  are  crafty  and  ready  tO;^,,^, 
cheat  any  man  that  is  not  upon  liis  guard, ««. 
and  are  nicely  fkill'd  in  debafing  of  gold  1 
but  naturally  flothful,  cfpccially  at  tilling 
the  ground,  which  produces  every  thing 
here  as  plentifully  as  at  any  of  the  other 
towns  along  the  coaft.  They  have  a  very 
filthy  cuftom  of  laying  their  filh  to  corrupt 
for  four  or  five  days  before  they  eat  it ;  and 
eafing  themfelves  about  their  houfes,  and  in 
any  part  of  the  town:  which  noifome  ftenchcs 
together,  muft  of  neceffity  be  very  unwhole- 
fome,  cfpecially  in  the  foggv  weather,  which 
has  a  fort  of  infeftion  in  itfelf 

English  and  Dutch  there. 


T  have  already   faid,    the  Dul 
*  mcrly  a  pretty  good  fort  at 


Dutch  had  for-  .,  .  , 

capeCor/o,H(,.:,ic., 

which 


JookIII. 


:y  h;\ve 

;,  (cem 
he  vail- 
fo  m.i- 
•  ifl.inds 
of  that 
)r  three 
am  a])t 
Dtnpary 
ir  profit 
,fl;  tradt 
s  as    a- 


Oocgwa 
.guaffou 


brought 
l-'etu,  as 
;old  from 
en   from 
jhur  'vedMindinga 
Tom  cape''",S^'»- 
i  adding, 
a  fort  of 
pital  city 
1  latitude, 
weft  from 
ing  to  a 
lid,  much 
the  north 
:en  before 


linsabove'"/''" 

cnt  of  the 
from 
affa,  and 
all  of  it 
uns. 

ready  to,j,,i, 
is  guard,  mud 
of  gold  i 
at  tilling 
thing 
the  other 
ive  a  very 
o  corrupt 
tiCi  and 
and  in 
eftenches 
unwholt- 
er,  which 


,1.1! 


mi 


V'' 


if.  4 


here. 

,pe  Lorlo,  Ho.mci. 
whicii 


t«-l 


;'tl 


m 


I* 


■  l> 


^■j.l'l 


ill 


'M- 


Hi\  iu 


I.  ::f  ji: 


li  'f 


^4 


m 

■lli:il;"i-^''  ::ifi 


I  Mlliltl.h")' 


iMiM 


* '  ,' 


/J/.    /'  J'/.l/,      /c' 


z  -)Kie)P   o:r  CAmojis 


T. 


:ss«^--i„^^- 


.  gA._       3.      , 


^--^ib. 


a 


■■'  • :  '*^3?r=» 


!i«a" 


«i|i*iiil 


-.>iM-«fe 


astf^fis^' 


Vl   ■/''^?<,Kv''>'J'«^""'  3  The   Liinduiq  yLuc  C 


P/ti/.  i6p. 


:.AmoJi-^o    cAs.rLc 


wr~  ^--.?£^2! 


.--l. 


".,^«4  ~^*'J'^*^^^*-'-i 


-^ 


*&* 


'"^mm 


^^m-^.^ 


■  _^fc.  <^*»  3_^ - 


W^'^ 


,-0^^- 


.t/, 


v:»fc«a' 


B 


r-^^v^w 


^'•;»"i(K  f!r>«sr'W 


nU     -.nS2W" 


c  .>• 


.''     CIV'   d\-u/i> 


jHrn 

1, ' 

1  jf 

!     1 

IPh'T:': 

S.:i 

Chap.  8. 


m 


im 


I 


r^S 


ili':''1:' '. 


n.'iiu)- 


jt'l. 


^'^ 


»    «. 


Chap.  8. 


Coafts  <>/S0UTH-GuiNEA. 


I^p 


It:. 


Pin-di 


which  they  bought  of  f'  ■  htXoT  of  one  Qa- 
rdoj\  who  hail  built  it  for  th';  Danijh  com- 
juiiy.  That  fort,  in  the  year  1664,  was 
dfltri)y'c!  by  the  EtigliJ/j,  under  aiimiral 
/hlmes,  after  his  expedition  to  fort  IVilfen, 
at  'TiiiOritry,  who  afterwards  took  thofe  of 
/liiia  and  Anamaboe,  belonging  to  the  Dutch. 
The  next  year  the  Ditlcb,  taking  their 
ri'venge,  as  has  been  mention'd  before,  ad- 
niirar*^'' /?")/'''■  came  from  Gibraltar,  with 
rt  Itiiiadron  of  thirteen  men  of  war,  to  the 
foalt  of  Guinea,  and  fetting  upon  the  Eng- 
iijlj  there,  deftroy'd  molt  of  their  fadtorics, 
took  Conncnttn  caftle,  Tacorary  fort  and 
other  places  upon  that  coaft,  and  feiz'd  on 
ftv'cral  fhips,  and  the  goods  of  the  Engli/h 
company  ;  in  lb  much,  that  their  lofs  was 
computed  at  above  two  hundred  thoufand 
pounds.  By  the  treaty  of  peace,  concluded 
after  that  war,  it  was  ftipulatcd,  that  the 
Butch  fort,  at  cape  Corfo,  taken  by  the 
Eii^'iflj  in  1 664,  (hould  remain  to  the  Eng- 
I'lfij.  Hereupon,  in  1672,  KingCW/«II. 
granted  a  new  charter  to  fundry  perfons,  who 
had  fubfcribed  to  a  new  ftock,  for  carrying 
on  tiie  Guinea  trade,  giving  them  the  title 
of  the  royal  African  company  of  England, 
with  the  (iime  privileges  and  exclufions, 
which  the  former  company  had.  as  1  fliall 
Hiow  in  the  fupplemcnt  to  this  work. 

English  For/ a/ Crt/ff  CoRSo. 

nr  fl  F.  trade  to  Guinea  being  thus  fettled 
■*•  again,  the  new  company  feveral  'years 
after  caus'd  cape  Coaft,  or  Cabo  Corfo  caftle, 
to  be  built  in  the  ftately  manner  it  is  at  pre- 
ffnt,  being  an  irregular  fquare,  the  largeft 
and  moft  beautiful  on  all  that  coaft,  next  to 
St,  George  oi  Minn,  with  four  flankers,  and 
A  1  uge  platform,  on  which  are  mounted 
thirteen  pieces  of  cannon,  being  about  eight 
|X)Uiidcrs,  pointing  on  the  road  and  paflugc 
up  to  it  i  which  can  eafily  hinder  any  enemies 
fliips  anchoring  there,  and  the  fmall  arms 
fcour  all  the  landing-place,  behind  the  rocks 
tiiatencompafsit.  C3ii  the  battlements  are 
ten  guns,  and  twenty  live  on  the  flankers 
irom  a  minion  to  nine  pounders  ;  and  on  a 
roik,  caWW  Tabora,  twenty  paces  fronuhc 
callle,  arc  four,  or  fix  twelve  pounders,  in 
a  round  tower,  garrilbn'dby  about  as  many 
inen,  which  ferves  to  keep  the  BIaik>  in  tin: 
town  the  better  in  awe,  as  well  as  to  defend 
them  from  all  other  Blacks  their  enemies, 
tiiat  come  from  the  inland  country  :  tho*  I 
look  upon  this  tower  as  ufelefs,  the  caftle 
being  fo  high,  that  its  cannon  may  fuffi- 
ciently  fecurcthe  town  againft  any  attempts 
of  thofe  people. 

This  caftle  is  featcd  near    the  fea-fide, 

abo'jt  nine  Knghjh  miles  eaft  from  Mina,  and 

a  fli;irt  mile  weft  from  Decn-Stbent  or  Danif}j 

nioiint,  at  MaifroH,  on  wliich  ftand*  the 

Vol.  V. 


fort  of  that  nation,  callM  Frednickiburgt Harbot. 
quite  overtopping  the  EngUflj  caftle  at  Corfoj  WV"»i' 
as  I  fhall  obfcrve  hereafter. 

The  walls  of  Corfo  caftle  .ire  high  and 
thick,  efpecially  on  the  tand-fide,  part  tiiere- 
of  being  of  rock-ftone  and  part  of  large. 
bricks,  which  the  EngHflj  make,  ac  fome 
dilbince  from  the  place. 

The  Dutch  admiral  ik  Rtiytfr  w.is  fent  by  ''"'<:'> 
theftates,  to  the  coaft  of  Guinea,  to  tiiive^'j^'j^'''^'^'' 
the  Evglifh  from  feveral  of  their  forts  ^nA^Jl^ 
fettlements,  of  which  they  had  pofiefs'd 
themfelves  in  16O4  by  forci  ol  aims  and 
furprize,  under  the  conduft  of  admiral 
Holmes  before  mention'd  1  who  made  him- 
felf  mafttr  of  all  the  places  they  had  ia 
north  and  fouth  Gm>i,-a,  except  Jxiin  and 
St.  George  o'i  Mina.  De  Ruyter  n  his  coming 
on  that  '(^cft,  being  inform'd  by  the  Dutch 
gmerA  yalkcnburg,  -.xi  Mina,  how  necefliiry 
it  was  for  the  advantage  of  the  Dutch  If^ejt- 
India  company,  to  recover  cape  Corfo  from 
the  Engli/h,  that  having  no  place  of  fhelter 
left  in  Guinea,  they  might  be  oblig'd  to  give 
over  the  trade  of  /If rick,  and  leave  the  Di'tch 
(ble  pofTcflTors  of  it,  he  drew  as  near  cai* 
Corfo  as  he  could  •,  but  having  well  viewed 
the  fituation  of  the  place,  and  finding  he 
had  only  a  fmall  fandy  reach  to  land  his 
forces  at,  where  an  hundred  men  could  eafily 
repulfe  a  thoufand,  and  that  if  the  fort  could 
hold  out  but  three  days,  his  army  would 
want  provifions,  it  being  very  cafy  for  the 
Blacks  to  ftop  all  tlicpalfesand  cut  his  men 
oft"  from  frclh  water  -,  befides,  that  the  Fein 
Blacks,  among  whom  the  fort  is  built,  had 
refus'd  to  aflift  the  Dutch  with  auxiliaries, 
and  declarM  they  would  fide  with  the  Kng- 
lijh,  if  they  were  ait.vck'd :  lor  thefe  reg- 
ions, I  fay,  (le  Ruyter  gave  over  the  in- 
tended expedition,  ;,nd  could  never  fuffi- 
cicntly  cxprels  his  aftoniiiuiunt,  that  the 
Dutch  fliould  permit  the  F.ii^hjb  ibe.ifily  to 
make  themfelves  niafters  of  I'uch  a  place  ; 
and  fiom  that  time  it  has  ever  continu'd  in 
the  poftefTion  ol  the  royal  Jfriian  company 
of  EnglanJ  to  this  day. 

The  natural  fituation,  on  a  roundhead,  j,,, 
jutting  out  into  the  lea  towards  the  S S  F.  (itu,\ti)». 
and  its  being  encomp.aVd  on  that  fide  and 
thcS  W  by  leveral  rocks,  and  the  fea  it  felf, 
render  itinacceffible  on  that  lidej  the  waves 
of  the  ocean  continually  breaking  among 
thofe  rocks. 

The  only  landing-place  is  juft  under  the  £««,%- 
fortrefs,  in  a  fmall  bay  eaftward,  where  thef'>'f«- 
ftrand  is  clear  of  rocks,  being  a  fandy  Hat, 
on  which  the  Blacks  run  their  canoes,  svith- 
out  danger  of  fplit'ing.  The  way  thence  is 
along  the  wallsof  the  caftle,  to  the  i)iiiicipal 
gate  looking  W  N  W,  up  to  the  country. 
It  has  neither  ditch,  nor  draw-bridge  before 
it,  nor  fo  much  as  a  portcullis,  being  only 
defended  by  the  two  round  Hankers  on  the 
X  X  land- 


I! 


'I 

'I! 

'   K 


1 


.'M+ 


170 


A  Description  of  the 


Book  III.  K  Chap. 


■\m 


\\ 


.v(iii,M:';'i;i:i;j  ,,  :;H:' 


<;,  ,  I'i 


!lf(i- 


n.RnoT  laml-fide,  and  .i  low  final  1  buttery,  mountctl 

*«Or^  with  fix  piiccs  of  cannon. 

ti'jfj/n/'.  Tl^e  lodgings  and  apartments  within  tlie 
rail  If,  arc  very  large,  and  well-built  of 
brick.  Iiaving  three  fronts,  which,  with  the 
platform  on  "the  ibuth,  almoft  make  a  qua- 
drangle, anfweringtothc  infide  of  the  wails, 
and  form  a  very  handfome  place  of  arms, 
well  paved  -,  under  which,  is  a  fpacious 
manfion,  or  place  to  k"rp  the  (laves  in,  cut 
out  of  the  rocky  ground,  arch'ii,  and  divi- 
ded into  levcral  rooms-,  fo  that  it  will  con- 
veniently contain  a  thouland  lilaiks,  let 
down  at  an  opening  made  tbi  the  purpofe. 
The  keeping  of  the  flaves  thus  uniler  ground, 
is  a  good  fecurity  to  the  garifon  againtt  a- 
ny  infurrciHion. 

A  curious  continu'd  balcony  runs  along 
the  buildings  at  the  firft  flory,  witli  hand- 
fome llair-cales  on  the  outfiiie,  at  certain 
diftances,  on  each  front,  for  a  communica- 
tion between  the  lodgings  of  the  garifon  ; 
and  under  tiic  balconies  are  fevcral  fhops. 
Next  the  agent  general's  apartment  is  a 
large  frately  hall.  There  are  alfo  fpacious 
ftorehoufes,  and  counting-houfes  for  tiie 
faiflors  and  other  officers ;  fome  of  which 
rooms  were  not  quite  finilh'd  in  tlie  year 
1682.  Tlie  then  agent  G^vt-w/'i/,  my  very 
good  friend,  was  diligently  employ'd  in  fi- 
nifliing  tlicm. 

The  garilbn  and  other  company  foldiers 
amount  to  about  a  hundred  whites,  and 
near  the  like  number  of  Gromeltocs.,  with 
their  refpecHve  ofKcers,  all  clothej  in  red, 
and  in  the  pay  of  the  Royal  Afrknn  Com- 
fany. 

They  are  fupplied  witli  water,  in  time  of 
fcarcity,  from  a  large  ciftcrn,  which  holds 
above  three  iiundrcd  tun  of  rain,  gatliered 
in  the  wet  feafon,  from  tlie  tops  and  Icado 
of  the  '\oufes  in  the  calllc. 

Tb  only  tault  of  this  fortrefs  is  its  ncar- 
neis  to  the  Da':ijh  mount,  at  M:infroit,  whicii 
being  high,  and  lying  fo  near  Corfo,  may 
batter  it  to  ruin,  with  good  large  cannon. 
I  liave  feveial  times  from  the  Danes  fort 
feen  the  men  walking  in  the  place  of  arms, 
at  c.iiJC  Corfo.  The  Er.gliJJj  are  very  fenfi- 
ble  of  this  defeifi:,  and  therefore  cmleavour 
by  all  means  to  live  amicably  with  the 
Danrs ;  and  I  believe  would  willingly  pcr- 
fuade  them  to  quit  that  fort  for  a  fum  of 
money. 

Another  inconvenicncy  for  the  caftle  of 
cape  Corfo  is,  its  being  built  too  near  tiic 
three  great  hills,  ro  the  N  vV.  and  NE.  of 
the  town  of  Corfo  ;  where  batteries  r.i'jcht 
be  eafily  eredted  to  reduce  it,  by  any  na- 
tion, that  were  mailers  of  the  Bhuks  and 
their  country.  For  this  reafon,  tiie  F.n^liJ^j 
m.ike  it  tlieir  bufinef;  to  entertain  a  good 
correfpondence  with  the  chief  of  the  natives, 
and   make    them  confiderable  prefents  to 


Garijin. 


iCutr 


ftult  of 
till  fort. 


Anothir, 


keep  them  firm  to  tlieir  inlcrfll  •,  bi  fides  a 
fum  of  money  they  pay  the  king  of  l\;'ii. 
montiiiy,  very  puncJtuaily,  tor  the  privi- 
lege of  havi'ig  thecadU:  in  liis  country. 

The  agent  general  of  the  Knglifl.t  com- 
pany, who  bears  the  title  of  general  of 
Gulne:\,  from  Surra  L(''na  to  /liigol.i  ;  ufu- 
ally  rcfides  at  C.ijlk-co-ijl,  or  Corfo,  wjicre 
lie  keeps  the  great  Itores,  ,md  tlie  accounts 
of  the  other  torts  and  fettlemenis  on  that 
coatl  i  rhe  trade  whereof  confifls  in  gold, 
eleph.uits  teeth,  flaves,  wax,  red-wood,  Gui- 
net  cloths,  &c.  wiiich  might  turn  to  con- 
fiderable profit,  were  it  well  and  juftly  ma-fr^^j^ 
naged.  ButI  am  aptto  believe,  wantot  virtue 
enough  to  withftand  the  temptations  of  op- 
portunity and  importunity  of  bad  example, 
induces  many  of  the  company's  ferv.mts  to 
make  no  fcruple  of  breaking  the  oath  they 
take,  not  to  trade  for  themfclves  dircdly 
or  indircftly  any  way  whatfoever  ;  whereof 
many  inil.inces  iiiay  be  given.  This,  to- 
gether witli  the  vail  number  of  interloix-rs 
and  other  foreign  trading  fliips  retorting  to 
the  coaft  every  year,  deprives  the  company 
of  the  befl:  fhare  of  the  commerce.  How 
to  remetiy  it,  I  le.ive  to  the  dirrclors  of  the 
laid  company.  Certain  it  is,  that  lew,  who 
can  live;  well  :\r  home  will  vtnture  to  repair 
to  the  Guinea  coalV,  to  mend  their  circuni- 
Itaiiccs,  uniefs  encouraged  by  large  lalarics 
and  tiiat  a  ImtiUer  number  of  tacftors  be 
cmploy'd,  as  I  hive  oft jn  reprefented  it  to 
tiie  direiflors  of  the  roval  /Ifr'uan  company 
in  Frame  1  wliolc  trade  daily  decays,  tliro' 
the  ill  management  cf  tlieir  fervants  in 
Guinea,  who  to  tlieir  cwn  vices,  aeid  tliofe 
of  tiie  people,  amoncr  whom  I'uey  live  and 
converlc.  And  they  need  not  go  lo  far  toob- 
ferve  the  faults  of  thole  people  to  have  mat- 
ter of  railing  when  tiicy  come  home,  con- 
fidering,  tliat  notliing  is  baler,  as  Seneca 
writes,  Lib.  ..  Je  moribiif,  than  to  objee't 
that  to  another,  whicli  may  be  retorted  upon 
one's  felf.  And  St.  ^ht^njliii'';  contltTion, 
chap.  10.  fays,  a  curious  fort  of  people,  to 
pry  into  other  men's  lives,  and  flothful  to 
mend  their  own.  lor  none  of  us  Eiirojviuis 
ever  go  to  Gtnne.i,  but  we  aic  aj)t  at  our 
return  to  make  horrid  pidhues  of  the  man- 
ners and  vices  of  tlie  Blacks. 

This  mull  be  fiid,  once  for  ail,  tliat  tin- 
generality  of  thofe  who  look  for  fuch  em- 
ployments, are  neceffitous  perfons,  who 
cannot  live  at  iiome  ;  and  perhaps  moll  of 
tliem  of  a  temper  to  improve  ail  opportu- 
nities of  mending  their  worldly  circumftan- 
ces,  witltout  much  regard  to  the  priticijiles 
of  chriftianity.  I'or  without  reH; ding  on 
particular  perfon-,  it  may  belaid,  that  what 
I  have  here  afleited,  is  fufficiently  made  out 
by  the  i.-reguiariry  of  tlieir  lives,  in  thofe 
parts  1  and  uaiticularly  as  to  lewdnefs  w\x.\\ nthin- 
women,  and  excels  of  drinking,  cfpecialiy'W' 

punch. 


■/«  nr. 


IfMt. 


punc 

niam 
and 
as  we 
prop 
pi  (Til 
wlii^i 
the  le 


poor  i 

of   till 


(jtrJini, 


Chap.  8. 


Coafts  0/"SOUTH-GUINEA. 


171 


luncli.    And  it  is  aimort   iiurcdihii;   how 


ni;iiiy  Ihorteri  tlv.'ii  d  lys  by  lucli  ticbaiitlicry, 
iind  above  all,  the  r(iKlii.'i:i  and  workmen  ; 
as  well  as  by  ill  di  t  .\nA  water,  tiie  want  ot 
propjr  ri.'iiu'dii.s  and  able  phyfuians  -, and  the 
1) ifllng  in  caiiots  lioin  one  jilace  to  anotiier, 
whi^ii  has  a  danger  in  iclVlt,  bifides  tiiat  of 
the  lea.     The  tondnels  of  their  beloved  li- 
q.jor  punch,    is  lb  great,    even  among  tiie 
otficers  and  fadors,  that,  wliatever  comes 
of  it,  there  mult  be  a  bowl  upon  all  occa- 
lio!\s,  which  caufes  tlie  deatit  of  many  of 
them  ;    and  conliquciitly  the  garifon  bc- 
tonies    very   weak,    the  llirvivors   looking 
poor  and  thin,  not  only  cf  the  foliliers,  but 
of  the  officers  and  ladlors,    whole  counte- 
nances are  llirivel'd  and  difmal,  through  ill 
liict  and  worfe  government  i  eitjier  their  ilo- 
niach  or  their  money  falling  rtiort,  when 
they  have  lived  tiicre  fome  time.  And  fliould 
we  form  a  judgement  of  tiie  Itate  of  health 
in  6'«;«M,  by   the  number  of  £;.'^/(y/j  that 
die  there,  that  country  would  have  a  more 
vinhealthfulname  in  hit^Uvul i\\\\n  in  Frame. 
I  an    dlb  apt  to  believe,  that  the  exceifive 
catuig  of  flefli,  fo  natural  to  the  Englijh,  is 
very  prejudicial  to  them  in  thole  parts ;  as 
I  have  often  reprcfenLed  to  fome  of  the  prin- 
cipal men  at  cape  CorJ    raftlc,   giving  llicui 
directions  how  to  live  more  regularly,  which 
iscertainly  more  agreeable  to  that  inti  mpe- 
rate   unhealtiiy    climate  •,    viz.    to  abllain 
from  the  black  women,  to  drink  moderate- 
ly,   efpeci.illy   brandy,  rum,    and   punch; 
and  avoid  fleeping  in  the  open  air  at  night, 
as  many,  when  he.itcd  with  debauchery,  do, 
hiving  nothing  on  but   a  fliirt,    thinking 
tiius   10  cool,   but,  on  the  contrary,  they 
muidiT  tliemfelvec  :    for  nothing   is  more 
pernicious  to  the  conllitution  of  Europeans, 
th.'.n  to  lie  in  the  open  air,  as  I  have  been 
fufficientiy  convinc'd  by  experience.  There- 
lore,  I  did  not  only  take  care  to  avoid  lying 
fo  txpoled,   'lut  alwavs  kept  to  my  bed,  as 
warn',  as  I  could  well  bear   it-,  and,    both 
night  and  d.iy,  wore  a  drd's'd  hare's-lkin 
next  to  my   bare  llomach,  for  above  two 
ye.irs  together,  whii  h  kejt  it  in  a  good  dil- 
pofuion,  and  help'd  digcllion  very  much  •, 
tlio'  I  mull  own,  it  was  lometimes,  andefpe- 
ciiUy  in  theexcefTive  hot  nights,  very  trou- 
blelbme,  and  occafion'd  much  fwca'.ing. 
Thtiir.       The  air,  tho'  not  lb  cold,  is  much  thin- 
ner, and  more  piercing  than   iii   Lii^Iju.-!, 
and  corrodes  iron  much  falter.     The  com- 
Wiin.     pany's  Ihips  are  fupply'd  with  water  from 
the  ciltern  in  the  caltle  ;  and  if  that  is  out, 
from  a  large  pond,  lying  at  Ibme  diltaiice 
towards  the   lea,  between  cape  Corfo  and 
7l/;;;.-7,  the  Bla<ks  conducting  tlie  boats  tlii- 
ther,  and  rolling  the  c.iks  backward.-,  and 
forwards  along  the  pati,-.  on  the   Irorc  a- 
mong  the  rocks,  at  a  pl.ic-  call'd  Domine. 
cWmj.       The  gardens  belonging  to  nhe  agent  and 


other  ofliccrs  of  the  callle,  are  at  fome  dif-  BAunoT. 
Itancefrom  it,  tow.irds  the  ftrand,  and  full  *^>r*^ 
of  orange  anil  lemon-trees ;  but  have  very 
few  plants  and  herbs.  In  the  midft  of  them 
is  a  iquare  fummer-houfe  for  their  diverfion. 
Another  place,  much  like  a  garden,  but  all 
planted  with  coco-trees,  is  the  common  bu- 
rying-piace  for  the  garilbn  and  officers. 

The  agent-general  expedts  to  be  fahited*'""^ '• 
by  all  fliips  that  anchor  in  the  road  of  cape       '•'^'" 
Corfo,  not  by  firing  of  guns,  but  by  lower- 
ing the  top-fails  down  to  the  tops  i  and  cau- 
fes the  platform  of  the  caltle  to  (ire  with  ball 
on  fuch  fliips,  either  Eng'.'ijh  or  foreigners, 
as  omit  to  do  fo.      At  niy  lad  voyage  thi- 
ther, aboard  the  I'raub  man  of  war  L  Jolly, 
I  was  not  a  little  furpri;',cd  after  having  fa- 
luted  the  caltle  witli  ievcn  guns,  and  being 
anfwer'd  with  five,  that,  as  we  were  coming 
to  an  anchor,  they  fired  three  guns  at  us 
with  ball,  one  after  another,  which  fell  jull 
at  the  iiead  of  the  Ihip.     Not  knowing  the 
meaning  tiiereof,  we  held  on  our  courle  a- 
bout  a  mile  farther,  to  Manfrou  road,  and 
lent  afliore  the  next  morning,  to  know  whe- 
ther there  was  any  rupture  betwixt  France 
and  England,  which  I  was  unactjuainted  with, 
tho*  newly  come  from  Europe.    The  gene- 
r.\\  fcnc  word,  that  if  I  would  come  and  dine 
with  him,  I  fliould  be  fatisfied   as  to  my 
queftion.    He  gave  me  a  noble  reception  at 
my   lamiing,    the  garilbn  making  a   lane 
from  tiie  water-fide  to  the  rallle  gate,  whi- 
ther the  chaplain  conduced  me;  and  the  ge- 
neral, with  his  officers,  receivM  me  at  the 
gate,  and  order'd  nine  guns  to  be  fired  from 
the  flankers.     1  le  tiien  told  me,  lie  had  po- 
fitive  orders  from  his  fuperiors,  to  require 
all  lliips  whatfoever,  which  anchor'd  in  the 
ro.id,  orpafb'dby,  within  reach  of  his  guns, 
to  lower  their  top-fails.     The  anchoring- 
pl.ice  is  about  two  miles  from  the  lliore  ; 
where  agent  Creenhil,    in  the  year    i  fi6o, 
made  frequent  obfervation,  that  the  varia- 
tion v.as  2  lieg.  i4min.  weltcrly.     It  gene- 
rally flows  here  SSE.  and  NNW.  upon 
the  full  and  ch.mge.  The  water,  upon  fpring- 
tides,  riles  about  fix  or  feven  foot. 

The  Ihore  about  cape  Ccr/o,  lies  almoftso;!. 
call  and  welt,  expofed  to  the  fouth.  The 
country  is  hilly,  though  not  very  high,  but 
dole  together,  the  valleys  between  being 
extraordinary  narrow,  moll  cover'd  with  a 
fort  of  low,  but  very  thick  flirubs.  It  is  not  a- 
bove  a  tenth  part  of  the  ground  that  the 
natives  till  ;  and  yet  that,  withiii  fix  months 
alter,  is  overgrown  as  before.  The  foil  is 
eafy  to  be  tillM,  and  yields  fome  hundreds 
for  one;  yet,  fo  fiothful  are  the  natives, 
that  if  thfy  have  but  one  bad  year,  they 
are  in  danger  of  It.u  ving. 

Some  impute  the  earth's  being  fo  cover'd 
witii  Ihrubs,  to  the  b.idnefs  of  the  air,  and 
to  tiie  rain-water  they  ti'.crc  ktep  in  pits, 
I  which 


■  ii.'M 


rwti 


IMI'P 


172 


j4  Defcrlption  of  the 


Book  IH. 


Baudot  wliich  (trains  through  the  c;irth,  and  h.is  ;i 

*^\^i*  fwcctifh  taftc,  wilh  a  mixture  of  acid  like 

vitriol.     Otliers  afiribc  it  to  thf  cxcefTive 

rains  \  but  it  his  luen  obfcrvM,  tii.it  'tis  not 

only  r.he  wet  whidi  m.ikcs  tiiis  country  un 


iiuy  flavestobdciU'ii  anJ  btiryM,  at  tlic  fu- 
nerals of  thrir  kings. 

At  my  Hrll  voyage  to  cape  Cnrfo,  I  liad  a  tm,, 
pretty  britk  trade  tor  (laves  and  gold  ;  but 
It  my  return    thither,    three  years  after,  I 


healthy.    On  tiie  other  hand,  if  a  country  found  a  great  alteration  j  the /rcwc/^  brandy, 

which  is  all  gravel,  may  be  reckoned  heal-  whereof!  had  always  a  good  quantity  aboard,' 

thy,  as  are  fome  parts  of //r»;«/i^;'/r  in  £«^-  being  much   Icfs  demmdcd,    by    reafon  a 

land,  then  that  country  Hiould  alfo  be  ac-  great  quantity  of  fpirits  and  rum  had  been 

counted  fuch,   there  being  every _]  where  a  brought  on  tiiatcoafl  by  many /.'«(;///!&  tr.a- 

gravcl  or  land  on  tiie  (lirface,  and  under  it  a  ding  (hips,  li.en  on  thccoaft,  which  oblig'd 

fort  of  whirifli  maric,  almoft  like  fuller's  all  to  fell  cheap, 


Jtk. 


earth. 

As  Ihavcfaid  bcforc,Iknownotwhatfau!t 
there  is  here  in  the  air,  more  than  at  other 
places  on  the  coaft,  tho*  unhealthinels  may 
in  fome  meafure  proceed  from  the  ground 
being  cover'il  with  llirubs  -,  whence,  in  the 
vales  particularly,  ari(es  a  certain  fog  or 
mift,  towards  night,  and  in  tlie  morning, 
which  may  diftemper  the  air.  Hut,  as  I 
laid  .ibovc,  diforderly  living  and  Iwd  diet, 
are  certainly  the  main  ciults  that  more  men 
die  there,  than  at  other  places  on  the  coaft. 
The  air  indeed  is  extreme  hot,  and  fopicrcing 
at  the  fame  time,  that  it  penetrates  into  a 
man's  body,  much  more  tiian  in  Jrn/uc,  or 
Eiigliiiul. 
TcaJs  utid  About  the  latter  emi  of  May,  lome  yt.irs, 
in/till.       here  appears  a  vart  number  of  toatls,  which. 


There  is  generally  good  plenty  of  gold, 
but  much  of  it  is  not  pure,  efiJCclally  the 
Cracra  and  Fnitizo  gold. 

Manfroi)  Town, 
TS  mother  place  in  Fetii,  almoft  round  and ;/. //,«. 
•*•  feated  below  the  Daiiijh  mount,    about ''<"■ 
.m   Eir^li/h  mile  from  cape  Ccrfo,    on    the 
llrand  ;  levcral  l.irge  rocks  near  the  (hore, 
renilering  the  accefs  on  that   fide  very  dilFi- 
culc  and  dangerous,  tiie   lea  running  high, 
ami  its  llirges  breaking  ujion  thole  rocks. 

The  town  is  not  very  confiderable,  mofiinhti.i. 
otthe  inhabitants  being  filhermen,  husband- ""•"■ 
nivn,  or  falt-boilers  -,  befides  fome  who  aft 
as  brokers  tor  the  inland  Blacks.    Sometimes 
llicic  is  .1  pretty  gooft  tracie  witii  the   Blackly 
as  alfo  witi\  tlie  Danes,  who  having  feldom 
fome  time  after,  all  vaiiilh.     'Iliere  are  alio    above  one  or  two  lliips  in  a  year  from  Den- 
fome  infffts,  ttie  moll  remarkable  a  fort  of    maik,  arc  often  in  want  of  many  things,  ei- 
fpider,  about  .is  bi[>;  as  a  beetle,  in  (liapc    ther  (or  their  own  ufe,  or  to  carry  on  tht 
like  a  crab,  with  a  (Irange  vilible  orifice  in    trade,  in  the  proper  feafon  ;  audi  have  my 
the  belly,  whence  the  web  proceeils.  felt  ("old  the  Danes  confiderable  parcels  of 

TiMtiii"         B',  fides  the  daily  market  I  h.ive  mention'd    goods  for  gold  and  (laves. 
finjtn."     to  be  kept  at  the  town  of  Coijh,  there  is  a 

very  con(iderable  one  at  Abrawboe,  a  large  Danish  Fort. 

town,  abouttwc  .'y  feven  miles  northward    nTWV.DjntJJj  monnt  is  above  three  liun-^/j,^,^,^ 
from  c-ape  Co/yo  •,  where  by  appointment  of  dred  paces  over,  and   level  at  (the  top. 

the  king  of  Fctu,  at  a  certain  time  of  the  TheDdWc'i  being  formerly  expell'd  froin  C'or/a 
year,  is  a  rendevouz  from  all  parts  of  his  by  the  Dutch,  made  choice  of  that  mount, 
country,  for  public  dancing,  ami  it  iscall'd  as  a  jirojicr  place  to  build  a  fort,  with  littlo 
the  dancing  feafon,  and  lafis  eight  days,  charge  ;  the  hill  being  it  felf  ,1  lort,  by  its 
An  incredible  number  of  people  repair  to  fituation  and  form,  becaule  very  (teep  and 
it  from  all  parts,  and  fpend  all  the  day,  and  high  on  all  fiJes:  and  tliereaccordingly  they 
mod  of  the  night,  in  thattoilfomediverfion.  built  the  (brt  call'd  FreAeikksburg,  almolt 
At  the  fame  time,  arc  alio  decided  all  on  the  top  of  the  mount,  being  only  x 
fuits  and  controverfics,  which  could  not  be  pretty  large,  almolt  triangular  enclofure, 
determin'd  by  the  inferior  juIUces,  in  their  or  indilFerenc  thick  wall  ot  (lone  and  clay 
feveral  diftritb.  This  fupreme  court  is  com-  mix'd  together,  always  falling  to  decay, 
pos'dofthe  king  of^Y/w,  hisDc-v,  or  prime  with  a  round  Hanker  towards  the  fea-fide, 
minifltr,  the  Gerofo,  a.id  the  Braffo,  with  and  two  other  forry  finall  baftions  to  th^- 
two  £»^/i/?)  taftors  o(^  cape  Corfo  caftle.  It  land,  of  the  fame  materials  as  the  wall  and 
is  the  agent's  prerogative  to  fend  thole  agents  curiins,  one  of  them  pointing  eaft;  and  the 
to  that  court,  and  each  of  them  is  to  have  other  wed,  towards  cape  Corfo  ;  on  all 
as  many  fuits  of  clothes,  as  he  ftays  there  which  there  are  fifteen  orfixteen  old  iron  j,„7j,„., 
days,  to  appear  c\ery  day  in  a  difi'erent  liiit,  guns,  in  no  good  order.  Within  the  cnclo- 
which  puts  the  company  to  three  hundred  Cure,  or  walls,  is  a  iliforderly  h.'ap  of  oKi 
pounds   charges  yearly.  clay  buildings,  thatch'd,    like  thole  ol  the 

Blacks,  and  all  out  of  repair.     The  Daiiijb 

Aci.UAFFou    Village,  general's  apartment  has  nothing  in  it  worth 

T  S  very    large,  and    lies  wll  from    cape    taking  notice  of,  iinlels  it  be  an  old  gallery, 

•*■  Corjc,  being  a  market,  where  the  Blacks    which  has  a  very  fine  prolpcd,  both  by  lea 

and 


eturt. 


)0K  III. 

L>  fu- 

but 
=r.  I 
ndy, 
wrd, 
on  a 
been 

tra- 
,lig'd 

golil, 

ly  the 


111  and  iti  (ititi- 
about'"'' 
11    the 
(ho  re, 

,  dim- 

ks. 

mod  Inhii'i- 

sband-  ""'"■ 
ho  adl 
letimcs 
Blacks, 
fcldom 
n  Den- 
gs, ei- 
on  thi 
ivc  my 
:els  of 


■c  luin-TifKiM,, 
le  top. 
m  Corjo 
loiint, 
|h  little 
by  its 
I'P  ant! 
y  they 
alniolt 
[only  a 
lofure, 
id  clay 
decay, 
ra-lide, 
to  th  ■ 
[all  and 
■nd  the 
Ion   all 
lid  iron  E,,j;j„r, 
endo- 
of  old 
ot  ihc 
Daiiijb 
worth 
.allery, 
by  Te.i 
and 


.'*lv 


I 


I 


Ctrrifm, 


Chap.  8. 

and  1.1 

nioriiii 
fomrti 
rmluri 
is  reck 

fort. 
Age 

ril'onM, 
imiTcgi 
tion. 
of  its 
The  hn 
if  ever 
tnark  (1: 
Danes  c 
tcrly  riii 
thenifc'lv 
coinm.ii 
coinp.iiv 
chali:  ck 
to  build 
rt'gul.ir, 
into  the 
be  ..  Ilir 
as  die  D 
lur^,  on 
leciirity  < 
Tlic  ^ 
tiie  pl.ic 
white  m 
mclto  Bill 
of  all  thJ 
thit  coafl 
portion,  i 
is  afcribe 
wherein  i 
Ccrfi,  be 
the  moll 
tcnce,  anc 
quite  fpoi 

(■■  iiiniili  men  I  .inni 
«""■  fubjedt  to 
iliftcniper 
h.ippi'ned 
b'jcn  then 
The  bi 
clue  fouth 
teen  f'atht 
The  Engli 
is  within  i 
Thecal 
eaft-fiJc  t 
antiior  at 
and  waitii 
from  ftion 
ing  Tea,  w 
The  D 
garden  foi 
the  lort, 
with  great 
particul.ii 
the  mivhl: 

V  O  L.  \ 


Km/ 


Uniing. 


(itrim. 


Chap-S.         Cotjjlf  of  Sovrn-Gu  in  v.  \. 


J73 


Putt 


Ctrrij)", 


and  lanil,  ami  n  continii;\l  frcOi  air,  from 
morning  till  niglit,  being  a  S  W.  lireeze, 
fomrtiines  blowing  lo  t  oM,  that  there  is  no 
rniliiring  of  it  -,  lor  which  re.\lon,  this  pl.icc 
is  rcckon'-d  much  hc.ilthirr  than  cape  ^;nr/». 
I  have  here  infertcd  the  profpedtot  this 
fort. 

A  good  regular  fort,  well  ftored  and  ga- 
rii'on'd.  on  this  mount,  would  be  almoll 
imprigoiiblc,  by  rcalbn  of  its  natural  firua- 
tion.  As  it  isac  prelcnt,  there  is  no  danger 
of  its  biing  ever  reduced  by  the  Blacks. 
The  hn^fijb  at  cajx:  Cor/o  mull  fare  very  ill, 
if  ever  the  two  crowns  of  England  and  Den- 
mark (hould  be  engaged  in  a  war ;  for  the 
Danes  can  batter  the  Engtijh  fort,  and  ut- 
terly ruin  it,  withojt  receiving  any  damage 
themfclves,  for  they  entirely  overlook  and 
command  it.  The  V.w^.ijh  royal  Aj'rudn 
company  would  do  well,  it  pafTib'c,  to  pur- 
chafi;  that  fort  of  the  Dunes  at  any  rate,  and 
to  build  tiierc  another  ftronger  and  more 
regular,  to  fecure  that  poft  from  falling 
into  the  hands  of  an  enemy  ;  for  it  would 
\\:  .<  furc  bulwark  to  their  callle  at  C'or/O, 
as  the  Duub  now  keep  their  tort  Cit'tiraedJ- 
buri,  on  the  hill  of  Santiago,  for  thegreater 
I'ccurityof  their calUe  of  Altiia. 

The  garifon  in  the  fort  is  anfwerable  to 
tiie  place,  being  fometimes  about  twenty 
white  men  fit  for  fervicc,  befides  the  Gro- 
mctto  Blacks.  It  is  generally  obferv'd,  that 
of  all  the  European  nations,  which  live  on 
that  coaft,  the  Danes  lofe  moft  men  in  pro- 
portion, tho'  fettled  in  the  bell  air  ;  which 
is  afcribed  to  their  ill  diet  and  government, 
wherein  they  exceed  the  Engliffj  of  cape 
Ccrfi,  being  often  in  want  of  money  to  buy 
the  motl  necclTary  things  for  their  fubfil- 
tence,  and  great  loversof  hot  liquors,  which 
quite  fpoil  their  ftomachs. 
UiifMi  It  has  been  alio  obferv'd,  that  Dd«//2i  wo- 
men I  annot  live  long  there,  being  commonly 
fubjedlto  a  prodij^iouslofs  of  blood,  by  a 
dillempcr  peculiar  to  their  fex  i  as  lately 
h.iiiprni'd  to  a  general's  wife,  who  had  not 
bjtn  there  a  year. 

The  bell  roails  for  Hiips  at  Manfrou  is 
due  fouth  from  the  fort,  in  thirteen  or  four- 
t(.en  fathom  water,  good  holding  ground. 
The  Englijh  of  cape  Qurjo,  pretend  the  roiid 
is  within  their  limits. 

Theeafiell  plue  to  land  there,  is  on  the 
eaft-fiJe  of  the  hill,  to  boats  remaining  at 
anchor  at  a  ilitlance,  without  the  rocks, 
and  waiting  fur  the  canoes  of  the  Blacks 
from  Ihore,  to  carry  them  over  the  break- 
ing lea,  whi.il  fometimes  is  dangerous. 

The  Dairjh  gener.d  has  a  fine  fpacious 
garden  for  his  diverfion,  on  the  N  K.  fide  of 
the  tort,  aboui  half  a  mile  from  it,  llored 
with  great  variety  of  trees,  and  plants,  and 
p.irticul.iily  orange  and  lemon-trees.  In 
the  mij.ll  of  it  is  u  large  llately  fummer- 
VoL.  V. 


liii. 


Uiimi. 


Qtrim. 


houlc,  where  he  entcrtain'd  mr  onr  aftrr-BAunor 
noon  very   nobly,  and  gave  me  the  diver-  '•iOT*' 
fjon  of  a  mock  fight  among  Blacks,  npre- 
fenting  their  true   manner   of  engaging  in 
battle,    whereof  I   Ih  ill  give  a  particular 
dclcription  in  its  proper  place. 

Whether  it  be  ufual  with  the  Danes  to  nim(>» 
treat  ftrangers  lumptuoully,  or  whither  ic^^'*"- 
is  only  peculiar  in  thole  parrs,  I  mull  own 
their  entertainment  was  magnificinf,  and  we 
had  fometimes  above  twenty  healths  drank 
at  a  meal,  five  or  liven  guns  firing  to  each 
of  them,  according  to  the  dignity  of  the 
perfon  •,  which  maife  me  admire  the  batteries 
could  Hand  fuch  frequent  firing,  being  fo  ill 
built,  and  fo  much  decay'd. 

The  A?wj  having  alTilled  the  EngUJb,  in^^'^'V'f 
their  expedition  .againll  cape  C',r,v,  in  1664,  '" 
were  allow'd  to  have  a  factory  on  the  N  W. 
fide  of  the  town  Oorgnjn,  with  the  Danifj 
colours  on  it.  There  they  kept  a  fador 
for  fome  years  to  c.u  ry  on  the  trade,  but 
it  was  afterwards  ab.ui.lon'd,  fo  that  they 
have  now  only  the  fettlement  at  .l/(;«/)o«, 
on  the  Go'-d  Coajl  1  for  their  former  foi  t  at 
j-lcra,  which  when  I  c.iiiie  thither  Ixtorc, 
w.isllill  ill  their  polf-lTion,  and  where  I  tra- 
ded confiderably  for  gold  and  fiaves,  with 
the  then  governor  Olricks,  is  now  in  the 
hands  of  the  Portuguife  of  Si.  Thome,  who 
bought  it,  after  the  murder  of  the  laid  01- 
ricks,  by  a  Grecian  of  his  company,  as  I 
ftiall  obferve  in  another  place. 

By  what  has  been  f.iidof  the  bufincfs  the^.^^;, 
Danes  have  on  the  Gold  Coail,  it  may  bvtmde. 
concluded  their  Aj'rica)i  com\x\ny  makes  but 
a  very  inconfiderable  ailvantage  of  it,  and 
that  through  the  unfaiihfulnel.s  of  their  fer- 
vani."  ;  for  Ifcarcc  any  one,  w!io  is  font  over 
from  Dii:rnark,  as  a  perfon  of  known   inte- 
grity to  the  company,  as  chief  or  general, 
lives  long  on  the  coalt,  bur  i .  either  tiiatch'd 
away  by  a  na.ural  death,  or  by  the  contri- 
vance of  his  intriors,  aflifted  by  the  Blacks, 
the   better  to  compafs  their  own  dcligns. 
Thus  it  fometiin  s  comes  to  pal's,  that  a  gun-  Vncnttin 
ner  of  the  fort,  oc  other  fuch  mean  iierlon*""'''* 
fucceeds  in  that  poll,  and  fo  manages  affairs""'"' 
according  to  his  fmall  cap.icity,  or  rather  to 
his  wicked  inclination  to  enrich  himfelf  in  as 
fliort  a  time  as  may  be  •,  knowing  he  murt 
Ihortly  be   removM,  or  dilcharg'd  by  the 
company,  his  command  being  only  pro  in- 
(crim  ;  or  that  he  may  be  ferv'd  by  his  in- 
feriors, as  his  predecelfor  was  before,  every 
one  endeavouring  to  make  his  intercll  with 
the  Blacks,  by  large  promifes  of  gratuities, 
if  they  can  once  arrive  at  that  lbpr..mepoft, 
at  any  expence  of  blood  and  money. 

Of  the  two  Danijh  generals  I  knev  •  there 
during  my  voyages,  the  firll  had  been  the 
gunner  of  the  fort,  the  latter,  a  lieutenant, 
as  he  laid  himfelf  •,  but  others  told  me  he  had 
been  the  other  general's  I'ervant,  a  brifk, 
Y  y  bold. 


"    ■Li^  il 


•  1. 1. 


W 


\  1 


,:  <:  ' 


•'.  %  \i 


174 


yl  Defcription  of  the 


Book  III. 


n^nncrr  bold,  d.iring  well-  fct  man,  ami  very  young  \ 
V^VN^  both  which  ;iilv.inced  thciufclves  by  the 
alorcrai!.!  nitans.  The  firll  was  miirdcrcci 
in  hii  turn  •,  but  what  became  of  the  other 
I  know  not,  having  left  him  there,  adling 
the  part  ot  a  general :  yet  am  apt  to  be- 
lieve, he  did  not  enjoy  it  long.  I  was  told 
ihercol  an  unp.irallcl led  inhumanity  ot  his. 
The  book-keeper  rcfiifing  to  comply  with 
him  in  tiic  manner  of  keeping  the  books,  he 
procured  lome  villanous^/iiiij  to  accufe  him 
ot  fevcr.d  mildemeanorsand  breach  ot"  trull, 
lor  which  he  was  tried  by  a  let  of  men, 
botli  IHjites  and  Bluch,  as  is  ufual  there, 
all  of  them  corrupted.  The  poor  man  be- 
ing thus  convidkd,  and  lintence  of  death 
prunounc'd  againlt  him,   was  immediately 


fct  to  make  hii  own  colHii,  and  then  (lioc 
to  death. 

The  DiiniJ/i  company  pays  a  yearly  ac- 
knowledgment to  the  king  ot  /<■///,  for  fort 
Frtdtriikiburg,  and  have  allow'd  a  vote  in 
the  eledlion  ot  a  general  to  be  chofen  there 
upon  occafion  I'ro  inUrim,  when  that  poft 
becomes  vacant.  This  is  tiic  occafion  of 
the  great  abufes  fo  frequently  committed 
there,  and  of  men's  lives  being  lb  much  ex» 
poled  i  good  menbeing  m.dc  away,  to  make 
room  tor  villains. 

The  country  beyond  the  Daniflj  mount  is 
all  hilly,  high  and  dole,  and  little  of  it  cul- 
tivated i  but  rather  moll  ot  it  covcr'd  with 
flirubsand  woods,  through  the  notiitulnels 
ot  the  natives. 


U  H 


r-f 


1'!': 


hXi^' 


S'l 


C  H  A  P.    IX. 

Sabnc  kingdom  defcriieJ.  For/NaflTau.  Troduft  and  trade.  The  FAntin  coun- 
try i  Anichan,  Anamabo,  Agga,  or  Adja.  Great  and  little  Cormcntin  vil- 
lages.    Dc  Ruytcr'j  a£lions  againjl  the  Englilh.    Other  ftnaller  -villages. 


S  A  D  o  E   Kingdom, 

iingih»nd^~lp  HIS  little  kingdom  of  Saloe  is  about 
trttilih.  Jl  two  leagues  in  breadth  along  the 
coall,  reckoning  from  the  foot  of  the  Danijh 
mount,  to  about  two  Enilifl:  miles  below 
Mouree,  where  it  joins  to  the  country  of 
Fanlim  and  about  twice  that  length,  up 
the  country  northward. 
-Sjlioe  The  town  of  Sahoe,  where  the  king  rc- 

mwn.  fides,  is  about  two  leagues  and  a  halt  up  the 
inland,  being  a  large  populous  place.  There 
Icon.  are  three  maritime  villages,  viz.  Icon,  or 
Congo,  half  a  league  eaft  from  the  Dnnfi  hill, 
where  are  (lill  to  be  feen  on  two  hillocks,  the 
ruins  or  remains  of  a  fine  ftone  houfc  the 
Dutih  had  formerly  there,  on  which  they 
ditplay'd  their  colours  to  keep  away  other 
Europians,  for  fear  of  leflening  their  trade 
at  Mouree. 
Mouree.  The  fecond  maritime  town  is  Mouree, 
feated  on  a  large  rocky  flat  point,  jutting 
out  a  little  way  towards  the  SSE.  exartly 
in  the  fifth  degree  of  north  latitude.  It  is 
neither  fo  large  or  populous  as  Mina;  but 
well  inhabited  by  filhermen,  who  go  out 
mod  mornings  in  four  hundred  canoes,  or 
more  ;  and  at  their  return  pay  the  fifth  of 
the  fifh  they  take,  to  the  Dutch  faftor  there, 
as  a  duty  impofed  on  the  natives,  in  like 
manner  as  is  praftifed  at  Axim  and  Mina : 
a  prerogative  which  none  of  the  other  Eu- 
ropean nations  have  atTumed  over  the  Blacks, 
on  any  part  of  that  coaft  ;  and  which 
Ihows  how  the  Dutch  have  extended  their 
authority  over  thofe  Blacks. 

Abundance  of  Accanez  Blacks  have  lodg- 
ings in  this  town,  the  better  to  carry  on 
their  trade  with  the  Dutch  and  natives. 


The  houfes  (tand  fcattering  at  a  diftance 
from  one  another  -,  and  it  is  very  ill  walk- 
ing on  the  rocky  ground  between  them. 
This  place,  in  former  times,  was  called  the 
burial-place  of  the  Dutch,  becaufe  of  the 
greai  numbers  of  them  that  died  there, 
fince  their  firft  fettling  at  fort  Najfau. 

Fort  Nassau. 
"T"  HIS  fort  was  fo  built,  as  fully  to  com-  sumiin, 
*  mand  the  town  of  Moure/-,  which  liesiMmi.jic. 
about  it,  almoft  in  a  circle,  except  on  the 
call  fide,  where  it  is  defended  by  the  fea. 
It  was  built  in  the  year  1624,  at  the  coft 
and  by  order  of  the  States-Gntcral,  and 
called  fort  Naffuu,  in  honour  ot  the  family 
of  the  princes  of  Oraxgi:  Afterwards  the 
ftates  gave  it  up  to  the  IVeft- India  company. 
The  firft  ftrufture  of  ir  w.is  (light,  the  bat- 
teries being  only  ofturf,which  was  frequently 
ruined  by  the  mighty  rains,  and  fo  the 
garifon  cxpofed  to  the  infults  of  the  Por- 
tugutfe  at  Mina,  who  ufcd  all  their  endea- 
vours to  obftrurt  the  defigns  of  the  Dutch ; 
whilft  they,  the  better  to  eftablifh  their  in- 
tereft,  ufed  all  means  to  gain  the  fiivour 
of  the  kings  of  Saboe,  to  be  by  them  pro- 
tefted  againft  the  Poriuguefe,  wherein  they 
were  fuccefsful  enough :  thofe  natives  ha- 
ving for  a  long  time  conftantly  adhered  to 
them,  as  being  the  firft  Europeans  they  were 
acquainted  with  ;  and  in  order  to  cultivate  a 
good  correfpondencc,  fent  two  envoys  into 
Holland  to  the  diredlors  of  the  /(^ejl-India 
company  many  years  ago. 

After  the  Dutch   had  made  tliemfclves 


matters  of  the  caftle  of  Mina  -,  they  cauf-d 
a  half-moon  to  be  cut  off  from  fore  Naff,ui, 

and 


Slrmiih 


Book  III. 


:n  fliot 

riy  ac- 
or  fort 
voK  in 
n  tlwrc 
at  poft 
ifion  of 
iinitti'd 
uch  ex- 
o  make 


lount  IS 
fit  cul- 
r'U  with 
.lituliKis 


in  coun- 
tin  vil- 
ages. 

diftancc 
ill  walic- 
:n  them, 
ailed  the 
e  of  the 
d  there, 
Tau. 


to  com-  siimim, 
ch  liesiMim.jK, 
oil  the 
the  f^'a. 
the  coft 
and 
family 
inls  the 
nipany. 
tiie  bat- 
equently 
fo  the 
he  Por- 
endea- 
Diitch  \ 
their  in- 
fiivour 
em  pro- 
cin  they 
ives  ha- 
crcd  to 
ey  were 
Itivatc  a 


'  t| 


'k 


'al. 


oys  into 
'cj}-Ind'u 

;mrclve5^(„„^.,t 
cauf'rd 

and 


i!| 


\  ■ 
It 

:   Ul     1;;,  . 

.»^'i 


ll ,  ■ 


ill 


HI'*    1     ' 

ill! 


L\^ 


!.!■■    1 


r.  ! 


i^i 


/"'/  • '  / 


/    / 


j 


at  Mo U re C  .  Scenfromdc  Sea. . 


L»f 


-^  ^ 


■V^^^ 


sis     y    ^    /^-^  .^^'-'     ^'-' 


-^-*' 


=^^ 


^^*^^,^S  "^S-V  ?.  : 


----^■«?^ 


..--•=r^- v*"^r"''  --■*V""*  -^'— '     ^/'*.*=^ 


^^^P^^ 


•f,j^-i--t.jl:,^»!£»^-  .  ,..r- •  ^ifi..".  •>*,-*^/ fj*^.,'.r "  ^-n-tJ^  "^•a'T  ■•    .»;™ 


.i^^^ir' 


'..<^-.h.!f. 


;'r 


\m 


.'! 


Vf  ■ 


lilL 


I 


;ii:   ;J 


ill 


I 


it 


iii 


Chap.  5 

and 

is,  b 

large 

work 

has  fc 

guns 

btfiJ 

very 

fea-b 

nient 

the  c. 

fea. 

tower 

is  a  di 

conta 

ihiall 

are  n( 

is  tlic 

next 

ic  is  V 

Plate  inhere  ii 

Th 

fort  tr 

bL-forc 

recove 

the  a(] 

fent   h 

impro' 

here  1 

ropfan 

c»rjm,        The 

the  wel 

and  rc( 

b-ing  ; 

houfes, 

trees  ar 

rallctinj 

as  ih*;  ( 

which 

great  h 


T' 


J 

HI 

palm-oi 
other  f 
canoes  j 
and  ylxi 
Mujlrimi  natives 
Uj^ks,  pains- ta! 
citlier  ii 
trading 
nez  peo 
gold  is  t 
filh,  am 

trbiittry.  rity  ove 
loll  thei 
tr.ide  •,  I 
i'dbocy  a 
are  forb 
duties : 
willingly 
with  twc 
out  oi  t 


CHAP.p. 


Coiifts  0/ South-Guinea. 


17? 


and  put  it  into  the  good  condition  it  now 
is,  bfingalmofl:  fqinre,  the  front  fomcwliut 
larger  tlvm  the  other  fides,  and  all  the 
works  of  good  black  ftone  and  liine.  It 
has  four  batteries,  on  which  are  twenty  four 
guns  i  the  garifon  being  forty  white  men, 
befides  the  hired  Bla:ks.  The  walls  are 
very  liigh,  the  rurtin  extends  to  the  two 
fea-batteries ;  being  ib  fpacious  and  conve- 
nient, that  it  may  be  eafily  matle  equal  to 
the  caftle  at  cajx-  Corfo,  for  commanding  at 
fea.  It  is  alfo  adorn'il  with  four  large  fquare 
towers,  at  the  four  angles  -,  and  at  the  gate 
is  a  drawbridge,  covered  with  a  gallery  to 
contain  feveral  men  to  fctmr  it,  with  their 
fniall  arms.  The  lodgings  within  the  fore 
are  neat  and  convenient ;  and  in  fhort,  this 
is  the  bed  place  the  Dutch  have  in  Guinea, 
next  to  the  caftle  of  Mina.  The  view  of 
it  is  very  pleafant,   and  exaftly  reprcfentcd 

PtATE  I  Inhere  in  the  cut. 

The  Englip)  commodore  Holmes  took  this 
fort  from  i\\e  Dutch,  in  1664,  as  has  been 
btlbrc  mention'd  -,  but  admiral  de  Ru\ter 
recover'd  it  from  them  again  in  1665,  with 
the  afTidance  of  nine  hundred  Mina  Blacks, 
fent  him  by  Valkniburi;  from  Minii.  He 
improv'd  the  fortifications  to  the  condition 
here  laid  down,  and  garifon'd  it  with  £«- 
npran  foKliers,  and  fifty  natives. 

Urjin.  The  Dutch  chief  factor's  garden  is  on 
the  weft  fide  of  the  '">rf,  at  a  fmdl  diftance, 
and  reckoned  the  fincft  on  all  that  roaft  1 
b-'ing  .adom'd  with  curious  wilks,  fummer- 
houfes,  and  feats,  and  plentifully  ftored  with 
trees  and  plants  -,  befidcs  much  variety  of 
falleting  andpulfe:  but  has  the  fame  tault 
as  tht  other  gardens  at  Mina  and  Manfrou  ; 
which  is,  its  being  dole  hemmed  in  by 
great  hills. 

Product  and  Trade. 

'~r  H  E  kingdom  of  Saboe  produces  great 

*■    plenty  of  Indian  corn,  potatoes,  yams, 

palm-oil,    bananas,  oranges,    lemons,  and 

other   fruit,    wherewith   near    an    Juindied 

canoes  are  daily  laden  at  Mo«>i'c,  iovJcra 

and  Asiin,  but  modly  with  palmoil.     The 

hiuilr'mi  natives  are  accounted  the  moft  indullrious, 

Ba.ks.     pains-taking  Blacks  of  any  in  thefe  parts ; 

cither  in    tilling   the    ground,    fifhing,    or 

trading  with  the  Europeans,    and  the  Acca- 

nez  people,  by  wiiom  a  great  quantity  of 

gold  is  brought  down  hither,  to  buy  gootis, 

lilh,  and  fait. 

Pi.fl,         The  Dutch,  by  ufurping  fo  much  autho- 

trb'mtry.  rity  over  thefe  people,  have  of  late  quite 

loft  their  afteftion,  and  very  much  of  their 

trade  •,  towing  divifion  between  the  king  of 

ifaho:',  ar.d  the  inhabitants  of  Mouree,  who 

arc  forbid  by  the  Dutch  to  pay  him  any 

duties:    for  which  reafon,  that  prince  will 

willingly  afRll  any  other  European  nation 

with  two  thoufand  Blacks  to  beat  the  Dutch 

out  of  their  fort. 


The  father  of  tlie  prefent  king  of  Sahoe  BAnnoT. 
had  long  wars  with  the  Atti  and  the  Acca-  V^V^'. 
nez  Blacks,  his  neighbours  northv.'ard,  oc- 
cafion'd  by  his  intolerable  exaftions  •,  but 
the  prefent  king,  being  of  a  peaceable  and 
lefs  covetous  temper,  has  appcafed  all  thole 
troubles.  The  number  of  the  Atti  Blacks 
is  much  greater  than  that  of  this  king's 
fubjefts ;  and  yet  it  often  happen'd  in  the 
wars,  that  the  Sabou  Blacks,  who  are  dex- 
trous in  the  ufe  of  fire-arms,  routed  them, 
and  brought  down  feveral  heads,  both  of 
the  Atti  and  Accanez  Blacks  to  the  Dutch 
faftor  at  Moitrec. 

The  bcft  landing  place  at  Mouree  is  at  a 
bay,  juft  under  the  cannon  of  the  fort,  on 
the  E  N  E.  fide  of  it ;  whicli  muft  be  with 
the  help  of  canoes,  as  is  pradiied  at  many 
other  parts  of  this  coaft. 

The  F'a  N  r  1  n  Country^ 
BORDERS  weftward  on  5.)/.^,  at  the  ftWimJ//. 

iron  hill,  which  is  about  an  Englijh 
mile  in  length,  having  on  the  top  a  delight- 
ful walk,  16  clofe  fh..ded  by  thetrees,  that 
it  is  reported  to  be  fomcwhat  darkned  at 
noon-day.  Northward  this  country  extends 
its  limits  to  Atti,  Aqua,  and  T'lnqua  \  on 
the  eart  to  Acron  ;  and  on  the  fouth  it  is 
bounded  by  the  fea,  along  which  it  extends 
above  ten  leagues.  The  principal  villages 
along  the  ftiore  arc,  Anichnn  or  Ingcnifian, 
Amimabo  or  Nomabo,  Aga,  Cormentin,  se»-ttmi, 
Amerfa,  Little  CormnUin,  Aqua,  Lag:<\-o 
and  Mountfort ;  befides  Ibme  othtrs  of  lefs 
note,  from  the  laft  above-nameil  to  cape 
Ruyi,'-hoe:k;  in  all  which  pl.ices  there  are 
four  choufand  fifhermen,  or  upwards. 

The  capital  town  Fantin,  from  which  thccupiml 
country   has  its  name,    lies  i\ve  leagues  up 
the  inland,  where  there  are  many  other  vil- 
lages fcatter'd  about  it. 

This  country  is  a  fort  of  common-wealth,  covnn- 
under  the  direftlon  of  a  BrafJ'o,  fignityingwew 
a  commander  or  leader.  He  is  in  the  na- 
ture of  a  chief  governor,  having  tliegreateft 
power  of  any  man  in  the  dominion  1  but 
is  kept  in  awe  by  the  old  men,  fomewhat 
in  the  nature  of  a  parliament ;  and  afling 
as  they  think  fit,  without  ever  confulting 
the  Braffb.  Befides  tliis  general  alfenibly, 
every  part  of  the  country  has  alio  its  pe- 
culiar chief,  who  fometimes  will  fcarce  own 
the  B'-aJfo  for  his  fuperior,  he  having  only 
an  empty  title  without  any  power. 

The  Blacks,  tho'  generally  a  trcicherousTm-''. 
fort  of  people,  naturally  bale,  and  great 
cheats  in  other  things,  as  well  as  in  adul- 
terating gold  v  yet  drive  a  great  trade  with 
all  interlopers,  without  regardin^^  the  E>:g- 
lij/.i  .•\d  Dutch  f.idlors  fettled  in  the  country, 
eljJecially  at  Anamabo  and  Ccrmentin,  it 
the  former  of  which  places  the  Lngh/h  have 
a  caftle,   the  Di4kh  one  at  the  latter ;    of 

both 


p, 


tm 


il  !. 


W%\,: 


■II  .  •!; 


il6 


A  Defiription  of  the 


Book  HI. 


ttlm- 
wiiH. 


BAKiioT.botli  which  I  Ihill  foon  fpeak.  Neither  of 
W^'  thole  European  nations  dare  oppofe  the  na- 
tives trading  witlj  interlopers  or  others,  for 
fear  of  being  ruin'd  themfelves  }  for  thofe 
Blads  are  defperate,  and  can  bring  toge- 
ther eight  or  ten  thoufand  men  in  a  very  fliort 
time :  befides,  that  tiiey  may  ihut  up  the 
pafles  to  the  Aicanez  and  other  nations 
not  thward,  which  drive  a  great  trade  to  the 
fca-coaft,  as  well  for  European  goods,  as 
for  fidi  and  white  fait,  of  which  laft  vaft 
quantities  are  fi  nt  to  Accanez  \  for  which 
privilege  thofc  people  pay  a  certain  duty 
in  gold  to  the  Fanlhiians.  Moft  of  that 
f.iit  is  made  by  the  heat  of  the  fun,  in  a 
large  lake,  not  far  ciltant  from  the  town, 
Tlierc  is  no  doubt,  but  thofe  Fantinians  are 
a  very  ibrmidable  nation  ;  and  were  it  not 
for  tlie  continual  divifions  among  them- 
felves, they  might  prove  very  troublefome 
to  their  neighbours. 

The  inland  people  employ  themfelves  in 
tillage  ana  trade,  and  fupply  the  markets 
with  fruit,  corn, and  palm-wine  ;  the  country 
jiroiluciiig  fucii  valt  plenty  of  niaiz  or 
Jndi.'in  wlieat,  that  abundanr  is  daily  cx- 
povtcd,  as  well  by  Europeans,  as  Blach  re- 
foriing  thitht-r  from  other  parts.  Here  is 
a  fort  of  palm-wine,  called  Quaker,  figni- 
fying  the  fame  as  in  EngliJ/j,  having  an 
extraordinary  exhilarating  quality,  wlien 
plentifully  drank  •,  and  is  fold  for  double  the 

iirice  of  the  common  fort,  the  Blaih  having 
b  p'^at  a  vahae  for  it,  that  there  is  feldom 
enough  to  anfwer  the  demand. 

Tliis  country  is  alfo  very  rich  in  gold, 
(laves,  and  all  forts  of  provifions. 

Anican  or  Ingemisi  'N  Village, 
T  I  ES  about  three  quarters  of  a  league 
•'~'  from  Anamaho,  on  a  little  hill,  two 
Dutch/or-  leagufs  eaft  from  Mouree.  The  Dutch  had 
•/'*«  "•  a  factory  there  formerly  j  but  finding  the 
trade  did  not  anfwer  the  charge  of  main- 
taining it,  and  the  Englijh  and  Portuguefe 
having  got  footing  there,  they  abandoned  it. 
The  Engli/fj  have  a  factory  there  at  this 
time,  defended  by  two  pieces  of  CiUinon, 
and  two  or  three  white  men,  with  fome 
Grometlo  Blacks,  and  a  flag,  but  very  little 
or  no  trade. 

The  Portuguefe,  fincc  the  year  1679,  call 
up  a  redoubt  of  turf  for  their  fecurity,  the 
commander  v/hcrcof,Laurence  Perez  Branco, 
has  ten  or  twelve  of  his  country-men  to  de- 
fend it.  His  trade  confifts  in  tobacco  and 
pipes,  Brazil  fwcct-mcats,  foap,  rum,  and 
fuch  like  American  commodities ;  but  I 
cannot  imagine  wiiat  aiivantage  he  can  make 
of  it,  unlcfs  he  buys  European  goods  of 
the  interlopers,  or  has  them  fent  from  Hol- 
land by  the  J.  ws,  who  know  how  to  get 
Portugueje  pafles  ;  and  fuch  (hips,  when 
they  tome  upon  the  coail,  are  received,  as 
if  they  really  came  from  Portugal, 


Englilh 
thin. 


Portu- 
guele. 


The  village  it  felf  is  very  inconfiilerable, 
nor  is  it  wortli  while  for  a  (hip  to  come  to 
an  anchor  in  the  road,  which  is  half  way 
betwixt  it  and  Anamabo  cadle  ;  fo  that  this 
lail  may  be  cafily  feen  from  it,  tho'  featcd 
on  a  low  ground. 

Anamabo  or  Jamissia, 
T  S  a  pretty  large  and  populous  village, 
•*•  about  a  fmall  league  from  Cormentin,  and 
two  leagues  and  a  half  from  Mouree,  di- 
vided into  two  parts  i  the  one  inhabited  by 
Mina  filhermen,  and  the  other  by  thofc  of 
Fantin,  who  pay  a  duty  to  the  Braffo  '^f 
Anamabo,  for  the.  liberty  of  filhing  there } 
for  which  reafon  the  town  can  furnilh  as 
many  arm'd  men,  as  the  whole  kingdom  of 
Saboe,  or  that  of  Commendo ;  though  this 
be  but  a  fifth  part  of  the  people  of  Fantin, 

The  natives  are  generally  defperate  vil-  fl^c,  ,<, 
lains,  and   muft  be  narrowly  look'd  to  in  tni,, 
dealing  vltli   them,    and  their  gold   well 
examin'd,    being  for  the  inoll   part  adul- 
terated. 

The  village  lies  under  the  cannon  of  the  Kngliiii 
E>:glijh  cartle,  lately  built  there,  inftcad  of/""- 
an  old  houfe,  which  flood  there  in  1679, 
the  mud-walls  whereof  are  dill  to  be  feen 
before  the  cafiL'.  This  is  a  fmall,  neat, 
compaft  fort,  as  here  reprefented  in  the  cutjPALTEij, 
being  rather  a  large  ftrong  houfe,  defended 
by  two  turrets  on  the  one  fide,  and  two 
flankers  on  the  other  next  the  fea,  all  built 
with  ftone,  brick  and  lime,  and  feated  on  ?. 
rock,  about  thirty  paces  from  the  ftrand  % 
having  twelve  good  guns  and  two  pattare- 
roes  mounted  on  it,  and  commonly  gari- 
fon'd  by  twelve  white  men,  and  eighteen 
Grometlo  Blacks,  under  a  chief  factor.  The 
lodgings  within  are  convenient,  and  there 
are  proper  warehoufes. 

The  landing  at  Anatnabo  is  pretty  difH-  Uniki 
cult,  the  fliore  being  full  of  rocks,  an^ong?'""' 
which  the  fea  fometimes  breaks  very  dan- 
geroudy.  The  (hips  boats  anchor  clofc  by, 
and  the  people  arc  carry  M  afliore  in  canoes, 
which  come  out  from  tlie  town,  to  a  nar- 
row fandy  beach,  jull  under  the  full  com- 
mand ot  the  calUc,  enclos'd  with  a  mud- 
wall,  about  eight  (opt  high,  within  which 
are  houfes  of  the  fameftiufture  for  the  Gro- 
metlo Blach,  and  others  of  the  company's 
fervants.  1  his  wall,  I  was  told,  would  be 
puU'd  down,  when  the  caftle  was  quite 
fiiifb'd,  and  one  of  brick  built  in  the  place 
of  it. 

The  earth  here  is  very  fit  for  making  of  M"("V/ 
good  bricks,   tlie  oyfter-lhells  afibrd  gootl/"''"''^' 
lime,    and  there  is  plenty  of  timber  for"'' 
building. 

The  country  about  this  place  is  full  of 

clofc  hills,    beginning  at  a  good  dillance 

from  the  town.    There  arc  five  together, 

higher  than  the  reft,  which  are  a  good  iand- 

I  mark 


;ooK  HI. 


\ 


Arable, 
Jtnc  to 
If  way 
lat  this 
'  feated 


It 

village, 
Uh,  and 
•ee,   di- 

)i(ed  by 
hofc  of 
raffo  '^f 
;  there  j 
rnifh  as 
;dotn  of 
jgh  this 
Fanlin. 

rate  vil-Ba^M. 
d  to  in'iw. 
Id  well 
re  adul" 

n  of  the  F.ngliih 
iftead  of/"'- 
n  1679, 
be  feen 
II,  neat> 
thecutjPALTEi!. 
defended 
and  two 
all  built 
ited  on  a 
ftrand  ; 
pattare- 
ly  gari- 
eighteeft 
ir.  The 
id  there 

ity  difli-  Unihi 

among?'""' 
try  d.in- 
:lofe  by, 

canoes, 
a  nar- 

l  com- 

a  mud- 
In  which 
Ihc  Gro- 
in pany's 

)uid  be 

IS  quite 

lie  place 

Iking  ofsutmdi 
Id  Rootl/"''"''^' 
Lr  ior"^- 


''1! 

i 


full  of 
LUltance 
[gcther. 
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mark 


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Chap.  p. 


put. 


f'jvii  inj 


tauku 
todvei 
crees. 
Here  is 

and  an 

Oibij^i-i 

and  tliri 

ml ;  lui 

tent  t»  I 

Theld  I 

zcn ;  b 

live,  th, 

long  vc) 

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bagck 

asbijjas 

Jyflowers 

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llR' 


MA. 


}<«i  if 


\  Cim. 


of  Engiji 

iincliiirmt 

or  oclier 

lor  (lave? 

in  cull  lid 

great  ()u 

have  bou{ 

coaft,  or 

This  grcs 

very  niuc 

with  ttic 

bovc,    rlu 

Itatl  (-ontr 

bi   r  with 

that  they  ; 

withoiiL  liii 

B'ac-i>  difli 

fcni!  niiii  .1 

oblif.^c  him 

Tii'j  [;rc 

them  l«  pr 

p^an  tr.iilini 

The  ma 

the  clifft,  ; 

contains  ab 

is  a  great  d 

and  three  , 

times  of  pe 

even  for  v'\^ 

three  fliillii; 


tS  diviiled 
■*•  Jive  or  tl 
from  AnariK 
ble  trade,  a 
the  tin  ;ilwa 
country  abo 
The  Dun 
them  a  fort 
n-Jh  fort  can 
but  on  the  n 

-     VOL.V. 


r^-^i 


Chap.  p. 


Coafls  of  South-Guinea. 


177 


fiiiirkto  know  ./Kamabo,  from  fome  leagues 
to  tlie  wc<lwaril.  There  is  grrat  variety  of 
trees,  affording  a  very  jilcilam  prolpeft. 
Here  wt'"^  licit  palin-wine  of  all  tlic  coall  of 
Cuimut  of  the  lint  iibovenicntioii'd,  tull'd 
i^skcr.  There  is  alfii  ^rcat  plmty  of  mai/, 
antl  an  infinite  nuinbrr  ot  |iarrokect«,  al)out 
aibigasfparrows,  their  botlicjaciiriousiiretn, 
awl  their  heaxis  and  tills  ol  a  m(»(l  beautiful 
foi;  Ibme  whercot  I  carry'dto/'rtMi,  topre- 
fctit  to  lome  of  the  blood-royal  of  Itiiiut. 
Thdc  birds  arc  fold  there  for.i  crown  a  do- 
xen  ;  but  they  are  fo  very  lurd  to  keep  a- 
livc,  that  not  one  in  twenty  lurvivcb  ilic 
long  voyage  to  Lurofxe. 

1  have  there  eaten  excellent  green  cab- 
bage i  as  alio  y',)/'rtj,  a  green  fruit,  alx)Ut 
tsbitJ  as  a  little  melon,  which  talle  like  col- 
JyHowers.  The  nvcatell  inconvenience  there, 
it,  tliat  they  mult  t;.tch  frcfli  water  from  two 
kagiietdillance,  by  means  ol  their  Haves. 
i.'iM/W  'i'l*'^^  f"'^*-'  •"  '■/"""'■'^''  '■*  generally  tuU 
u'».  oi  Engijb  ([\\\>'<,  or  tholi;  ototlur  lutions, 
anchoring  there  to  trade,  or  die  lor  corn 
or  other  neceiraries  \  but  more  rfpecialiy 
lor  Haves,  winch  are  fometinus  to  be  had 
in  confidcrable  numbers:  and  there  arc 
great  quintities  of  corn  for  the  Ihips  that 
have  bought  Haves  at  other  plai  es  along  the 
coaft,  or  at  l-'idi,  dilk.iry,  Ria  Rnai,  ti'i. 
This  great  concourfe  of  ihips  \a  yJiiamabo, 
very  niuc  \  obllriids  the  comiwfiy's  trade 
with  the  n  'ives  whom,  as  I  oblerv'd  a- 
bove,  the  i:'ni. Jb  factor-^  ilare  not  In  the 
leatl  rontra  iiit  •,  but  are  rather  obligeil  to 
bi.rwith  them,  and  lomctimes  lo  infelleii, 
that  they  m'  dole  confined  to  the  caltle, 
withou'L  da  ling  to  (lir  abroad.  Nay,  if  the 
B'acki  dlflike  the  Eu^^lijb  diief  factor,  they 
fend  iiiiii  away  in  a  canoe  to  cape  C»rfo,  or 
obiisr,!'  him  to  pay  a  heavy  fine. 

Tiie  great  wealth  of  the  I'mtlweatn  makes 
them  l«  proud  and  haughty,  that  an  Euro- 
pan  trading  tliere  mult  Hand  Ixireto  them. 
The  mai/  or  Indian  wheat  fells  there  liy 
the  cheft,  at  one  /Ikier  of  gold.  The  chelt 
contains  aliout  three  bufliels.  When  there 
is  a  great  demand  or  fcarciiy,  it  riles  to  two 
and  three  Akkn.  In  plentiful  years  and 
times  of  peace,  it  has  bien  fold  for  ten,  and 
even  for  eight  Takoes  of  gold,  which  is  not 
three  (hillings  Engii 

Ac  G  A,  or  A     J  A  "village, 

IS  divided  into  three  parts,  each  of  twenty- 
five  or  thirty  houfes,  ..  out  half  a  league 
from  Anamabo,  has  but  a  very  inconfidcra- 
ble  trade,  and  is  very  dangerous  to  land  at, 
the  fea  always  running  there  vtTy  high.  The 
country  about  it  produces  very  good  cotton. 
J En-lih  The  Danes  and  the  Dutch  liad  each  of 
|/"i'«7.  them  a  fort  there  formerly.  ■How  the  D.i- 
ti'jh  tort  came  to  be  deftroy'd  1  do  not  find  ; 
but  on  the  ruins  of  it,  the  EngUflj  have  built 

.     VOL.V. 


jMJi. 


P'lVr  f/ 


a  faftory  ot"  .urf,  kept  \.vf  Cwo  white  m«i\,  Oar  kit 
fi)iiie  CromeUo  Bl»eks  i  befides  j  laitor,  whoV^VNJ 
dilj>liyj  the  /,'«;^////i  colours. 

I'he  Dulcbion  was  only  a  bare  redoubt, 
dedroy'd  by  the  hnglijh  tn  16051  being 
l)lown  up  tlie  faine  diy  the  DuUb  tdmirat 
dt  Kuyter  attempted  to  land  at  Anamabo  \ 
but  could  not  do  it,  being  hiniler'd.  botb 
by  the  breaking  of  the  fea,  and  the  great 
lire  oi  the  Euilijh,  afTillcJ  by  the  hantm 
Blii(ki,  from  behind  the  rocks,  which  there 
cover  tiie  (hore  ;  as  alfo  of  the  cannon  from 
the  fort.  The  Enj^lyh  at  Ar^ga  not  imagining 
that  the  Diitib  fliould  miicairy  at  AHdiiuh, 
but  rather  concluding  they  would  infalli- 
bly land  there  tlut  day,  and  immediately 
nurch  towards  them,  in  thtir  way  to  Cti' 
t/ii/iliii  fort,  which  tliey  had  in  view,  under- 
mined the  fiiid  fort  at  A^gn,  ainl  left  a  match 
ot  fucii  a  length  10  the  powder,  as  they 
tiiought  woukl  burn  till  the  Dutii)  came 
to  the  tort,  and  then  blow  them  up,  when 
tlicy  had  taken  poHelTion  of  it  :  but  the  cf- 
Irdt  did  not  anfwcr,  for  the  place  blew  up, 
witliouc  doing  any  other  damage,  no  botiy 
being  near  it. 

The  D«/f/j  writers  complain  of  inhumani- 
ties, or,  to  uli:  their  own  expreffion,  barba- 
rities committed  by  ^cEsgliJh  againil  their 
men,  when  they  took  that  linall  fort  from 
them,  and  the  other  they  tJien  tad  at  /fnu' 
tnabo, 

l.  ITTLE    CoRMEbfTIN    villo^f, 

T  lES  fbmewhat  to  the  ealfw.ird  of^ /(.-^rt,  put jj 
■*-^  being  fb  poor  and  inconfiderable,  that/i-r*. 
it  deleives  no  account  to  be  given  of  it,  but 
for  the  fertility  of  the  country  round  about, 
and  the  Dutc/j  fort  AmjUrdam,  which  com- 
mands it.  'J'his  was  the  chief  relidenue  of 
the  Jiit^li/',  till  they  were  drove  out  by  ad- 
miral dt  Ruyter  in  the  year  1665,  as  I  fliall 
prdintly  obferve  j  but  much  enlarg'd  and 
bcautify'dby  theD«/ij&,  in  1681  and  16b' 2, 
Ijcing,  as  here  reprefented  in  the  cut,  a  Pl^ite  14. 
fquarcfort,  built  with  hard  rock  Hone  and 
lime,  flrengthcned  by  three  fmall,  and  one 
iinc  large  battery,  mounted  with  twenty 
pieces  of  cannon  ;  »nd  within  is  a  very  large 
li^uare  tower,  in  the  midft  of  it,  defign'd  to 
have  a  cupola  on  it,  where  the  flag-Hat}' 
Hands.  I'licre  are  very  good  lodgings,  and 
all  offices  for  the  fcrvjce  of  the  commander 
and  garilbn,  confitting  of  twenty-,five  wiiitc 
men,  bcfides  Gromeito  Blacks,  The  breaH- 
worksare  large,  and  the  prolpetS  from  the 
top  of  the  tower  delightful,  avcrlooking  all 
the  lea  and  tl^e  country.  I-arge  convenient 
cilferns  are  made  in  it  to  hold  rain-water. 
The  buildings  were  not  quite  finilh'd,  wheo 
I  was  theie  laft  i  and  the  Dutch  ii>geneer  was 
pleas'd  to  advife  with  meabourfeveral  thioK- 
relating  to  theplaae. 

'Ihe  foit  is  iftrong  by  twturc,  as  Handing, 

on  a  high  rocky  hill,  in.moft  plaassitsepanU 

Z  z  craggy, 


;,]■ 


I,  j 


r  h  Jv-'t.'ii- 


'  i'(-,  ll 


!;■  .^ 


19     ;,      il'iii 


ill;  Mi 


(i 


[  , 

i 

ii  ■■  ■ 

«r 

,  •T-7-TJ^~ 

^aL 

i.^ 

178 


^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  H],  I   Chap. 


n\ui'oT.craf;;.'v,  .iiul  only  aocetTible  by  a  l.inc  cut 
''^'V^  into  lkjis;Uotig  thedefrent,  of  the  hill. 

De  Ruvthr's  aliions  agitinjltbe  ENCii.isii. 
'T'O  iiy  Ibinctliing  of  .'dmiril  ,/<,■  Rust'i\ 
*■  cxi'tdiuon  ag.imll  this  I'lacc,  I  fintl  it 
ws  iinilert,ik(;n  agiinll  his  inclination,  lu: 
having  been  lent  by  tlie  Itatcs-gi-ntral  lioiii 
abnill.v\  whfic  he  then  lay,  with  a  Iqiia- 
dron  of  tiiirtcin  men  ot  war,  to  reduce  the 
J- ii'^'i-'/j  i'ort  at  cape  Cor.b.  'I'iiat  bcins 
fouail  impracticable,  the  D:i!ib  general  I'tii- 
ke>:l>inx,  \.\\-n  prel'cnt  at  the  council  of  war 
)it.I-l  on  hoard  tlic  atlmiral,  alter  the  reduc- 
tion of  lort  A'//,  u  at  Ahuir,;  and  the  ilif- 
;ippoiiuments  at  cape  Corjb  and  /lnci»\ihn, 
moll  earn  Illy  prcllid,  and  ufed  all  polTible 
nrgununts,  to  attempt  the  taking  of  the 
f Ht  at  Ciniin.tii;  as  lb  prejudicial  to  the 
commerce  of  the  IF,:jl-hu!i.i  Cjntfaiiy,  that 
he  undertook  to  prove  it  did  more  iiarm  to 
the  Didib,  than  liilmcs  himklf  had  tlone 
the  year  before,  during  his  whol.' expciii- 
tion.  The  enterprize  being  refolv'd  on, 
and  ralkci!hHi\^  having  lent  admiral  Ruytt-r 
A  reinforcement  of  four  hundred  canoes  full 
of  arm'd  Bhuh  from  Mina,  the  Dut.h  fleet 
cime  to  an  anchor  in  the  road  ot  Con,,  iitin. 
The  Ijay  or  port  ti  ere,  iho' fpacious,  being 
VI ry  d,■,ng(.rou^  to  land  at,  and  the  coming 
out  as  bad,  ,'  RnyU'r,  on  the  7ih  of  7\-/;r;(- 
<riv  i60i,  lent  a  detachment  ofniie  hun- 
dred of  his  own  men,  liipported  by  the  bo- 
dy of  Mi. 'it  Blacks  above  niention'd,  to  huui 
at  y/i-jm^.h,  whicli  the  Eng.'iJJ.i  hail  taken,  as 

,.  well  as  yJjga.  Thele  forces  being  come 
near  the  Ihore,  the  Coniunlin  BLiiks,  w  ho 
were  drawn  thitlur,  and  pofteil  beliintl  the 
rocks  and  bullies  along  thi  Ihore,  fell  on 
them  lo  luriouHy,  that  the /^//(Z),  notable 
to  ll.uv.i  them,  and  the  fire  from  the  cannon 
of  the  Er.q^lijh  caillc,  aiul  fufpcCting  they 
had  been  betray'd  by  the  Brajjooi  /l:uwia- 
/■(,<,  Hood  about  again  with  their  boats  and 
pinnaces  to  lea,  and  row'd  back  with  all 
their  might  to  th"  fquadron. 

/X-  A'wv.Vr  was  no  way  difmay'd  at  this 

•  difappoiniment,  the  BLicks  of  Aiiuiiuiho 
and /A,;.;,  who  lud  been  wrongfully  fufpec- 
ted  ot  at'ting  in  concert  with  the  t.>iglijl.\ 
tending  jull  then  to  aflure  him  of  their  ti- 
dility,  and  promifing  the  next  ilay  to  join 
his  forces,  and  aflill  him  in  taking  of  Cor- 
mentin  fort.  They  were  better  than  their 
words,  bringing  along  v.ith  them  three 
thoufantl  l\int.iii\tii  Blacks,  their  aliies.whoin 
they  hatl  hired  tor  tlut  fcrvice. 

Thele  forces  were  landed  without  any 
difiller,  at  .-/s;.?"'  between  /liiamab'j  and 
Cnrmrnlifi,  in  a  tair  calm  day,  which  much 
facilitated  the  debarkment  -,  lor  in  blowing 
we.'.ther  it  could  not  have  been  perform'd, 
the  fea  there  rolling  and  breaking  in  a  vio- 
lent manner.    Hiring  there  joiii'd   by    the 


!>i'.ii 

f.ih  J. 


1  A II J  .« 


auxiliary  Bl/uks  of  Agrt^a  and  f'aniin,  they 
m  in  h'd  in  good  order  along  the  ftr.mcl,  each 
Biiick  having  a  white  handkerchief  abcm 
his  neck,  to  diilinguilli  him  from  thofe  of 
Corm.atiii,  and  arriv'd  about  noon  before  ilic 
BliigliJ/j  fort,  which  rulkciiburg  funimon'd 
to  lurrendcr  immediately,  and,  atthefmit 
time,  causM  a  bcxly  of  his  forces  to  ad- 
v.ince  to  a  riling  ground,  jull  without  reach 
of  tlij  cannon  of  the  pl.ice,  being  led  by 
tbm^-  Bl.hks  of  the  town,  whom  he  had 
gainM  to  his  party.  The  betieged  made  a 
terrible  Hic  uiionthem,  as  they  appro.ich'd, 
and  trvijuent  tallies,  wliich  for  a  thne  llop'd 
the  pro^vefs  of  the  vanguard  ;  many  of  tin; 
Ditt.h  Hl.icki  being  kiUM,  in  lb  much  that 
the  p.dles  were  almolt  llopp'd  with  thiir 
bodies.  Molt  of  this  execution  was  done 
by  three  iiundred  Eii'^ijb  HLhku  commanded 
by  one  John  C.ih.-jf::-,  a  dcfperate  brave  fal- 
low. The  main  body  at  tail  coming  u[), 
molt  ot  thole  Blacks  were  either  tut  in 
pieces,  or  retir'd  with  precipitation,  and  itr 
very  tlifordL'rly  manner  to  the  lort.  yai- 
kcnl-iiij  then  order'ii  the  town  to  be  fei  on 
tire,  which  for  a  while  took  away  the  fight 
of  the  tort,  trom  the  Diiub,  the  fmoalt 
blinding  them,  whilll  tliey  aiipear'd  as  im- 
patient and  refolute  to  att.ick  the  place,  as 
the7:/ "////nvere  lull  ol  conlkrnation  -,  which 
was  lo  great,  that  toon  alter,  teeing  the 
forces  advance  in  good  order  with  grana- 
doe^  in  their  hands,  and  a  mortar  to  give 
the  aflaulr,  they  not  only  (buck  their  flag, 
bur  without  any  other  ctremony  open'd 
the  gate.  Thus  the  Dutch  took  potTefiioii 
ot  the  lort,  at  lo  fmall  an  expence  as  fixty 
two  marks  ot  gokl  to  pay  the  atixiliary 
BLhki  at  l\iiiliii,  and  the  Br{jJfo  and  Ctil/o- 
Cii'os  of  Aramdbo  anil  ^7..;<j. 

The  tamous  town  of  CiiealCcrmei!lin\k%Gm-r: 
a  caiiiion-lhot  N  W.  of  lort  Amjlenhii/i,n-'':yju. 
on  .1  high  hill,  being  lb  larg';  and  jiopuloiis, 
that  it  well  defervcs  the  epithet  of  greaL; 
the  inhabitantc,  merchants,  traders,  anj 
filliermcn  1  xcluded,  amounting  to  eight 
huiuhcd,  or  a  thouiand  men.  'J'hc  country 
about  it  is  hilly  anil  fruitful. 

The  lands  about  l.liild  Coimenlin  pro-rr.j., 
dike  plenty  of  fevcr.il  torts  ot'  fruit  and 
corn.  The  air  is  viry  wholelbme.  I'lu: 
natives  brew  excellent  beer  made  of  niai/., 
or  ln.i:ainorn,  as  luli  lous  as  ale,  and  call'J 
Pc!  i.e.  They  bake  Banaiiu  into  bread  ami 
bilciiii,  as  alio  inai/.,  lor  their  common 
food. 

In  tbrnicr  times,  Anamalo  and  CovmeaUn 
were  two  ol  the  principal  ir.uling  places  on 
that  co.itl,  tor  the  DutJj  and  i.n^hjb  ;  hy 
lea  Ion  ot  the  gre.it  retort  ot  clcuinez  Biacku 
who  ufed  to  come  down  to  each  of  thofc 
places,  in  little  caravans:  but  the  unhandy 
dillrrences  between  iholc  two  European  n.v- 
tioiv.,    their  wars  and  all.'iults  upon  c.ich 

other. 


ry 


Book  II],  I    ChAP.  10.        Coa/Is  of  South-Guinea. 


^19 


in,  they 
md,  each 
.•f  about 
thofe  of 
eiorc  tlic 
mmon'd 
tlic  famt 
5  to  ad- 
jut  reach 
;  Kd  by 
he  had 
i  made  a 
iroach'd, 
ne  llou'd 
ny  ot  tlw 
luch  ih.ic 
viih  thiir 
was  done 
iiimandcd 
brave-  f;  1- 
lining  up, 

LT     (Ut     ill 

in,  and  in 
jrt.  Vat- 
be  il't  on 
I  x\vi  fight 
he  imoak 
ir'd  as  im- 

place,  as 
Ml  ;  which 
rcciii';  tlic 
iili  graiia- 
ar  to  give 

their  fla<<, 
ny  open'd 

liofTedioii 
as  fixty 

auxiliary 

intl  Caho- 


mciHin  liesGrtrC: 

lopulous, 
I  }i,reai.-, 
ers,  and 
to  eight 
ic  country 


\cntin  pro-PrjA. 

fruit  and 

'I' lie 

of  niai/., 

and  ciliM 

bread  and 

coniniun 

C'li  mmtJi 
places  on 
»i^i:Jb  \  by 

ol  thiife 
unhan'y 
iropean  n.v- 
jpun  each 
olhc-. 


Other,  in  the  years  1664  and  1665,  along 
the  CO  arts  ot  t^orth  and  Suitij-  Guinen,  ditl 
them  both  great  damage,  and  obliged  the 
J)uuh  to  retire  to  Alourec,  and  the  hnglijh  to 
Cormenfm  ;  where,during  the  lliort  time  they 
were  polTefsVi  of  fort  Amjlerdam,  they  were 
fo  fevere  to  the  natives,  who  liked  thcDuhb 
government,  as  having  been  long  ufeilio  it, 
that  they  and  xXtc  /Lcancz  Blucki,  who  lived 
there  as  I'adbors,  intreated  the  Dii'.cb  general 
at  Miii-U  to  fettle  a  fadory  at  .I'^gi;  the  fame 
which  was  afterwards  taken  Irom  them  by 
the  K'r^liJ/j  in  1 664,  and  blown  up  in  1 6b§, 
its  I  have  already  mentioned.  'IT.e  Englilh 
on  their  part,  to  thwart  the  Bnub,  endea- 
vourttl  10  corrupt  the  Bra'j'oi  ol  luintin  and 
JccdiUi,  with  confideraLle  pnfents,  tiiat 
they  might  be  induced  to  cx[>  1  ilie  Dutch 
from  .fe'"'-  ll^e  fubilc  BLhk>  leci  ived  great 
fums  of  money,  paid  them  by  the  I'.ugliJ/j, 
■without  perlorming  the  coni'iiiion  lor  whieli 
they  were  given  ;  and  confi.leriiig  that  the 
jealoiiiiis  between  the  Ewi^Ij/j  ai.d  Duiib'ui 
point  of  trade,  occafioned  uuir  purch.ifing 
the  goods  of  both  at  a  much  eafurrate,  they 
■weri  Well  pleafe'       '       '       ' '  ' 


TlitfiJ 
vm  tt)t 
Uutcli. 


at  { 


el  10  lee  the  A;.,i-.,y'.i  build  a 
fmall  fort  at  yliuiin.'h,  to  lival  tliu  D:i/i:b 
at  Mcurce  and  Agi:ia. 

Wh.ufoevcr  places  the  Du'.Jj  and  Eng':Jh 
polVcfs  in  the  country  of  Kiiiini,  neither  of 
them  has  any  power  there  ;  l()r  when  thole 
cr.dty  turbulent  people  think'tit,  ihey  lecure 
all  tue  pafles  in  fuch  manner,  iliat  not  one 
nierchant  can  pofTibly  come  ilown  fiom  the 
inl.m'l -ountry  to  trade  with  the  L..ropL.tns 
on  the  coalf  •,  and  not  fo  fatidi-d,  they  ob- 
llruift  tlie  bringing  of  any  provilions  to  them, 
till  they  aie  forced  to  buy  a  peace  at  a  dear 
rate. 

When  OrmeHlin  w.is  taken  from  the  Eng- 
liJJ.',  in  the  year  1665,  as  w.;s  laid  .djove, 
the  peopleof  7ii«/(Hexpreiled  much  f.uisfac- 
tion  to  lee  the  Dulcb  letiled  there  again  ;  and 
their  reafons  were,  for  that  the  Engajh  go- 
vernor had  much  inccr.imodtd  thent  with 
his  garifon  i  that  they  thought  the  DiiUb 
better  to  trade  with  •,  and  th.it  their  goods 
were  tluaper  than  the  Englijb. 

However,  they  have  now  g.iineda  pointup 
km.   on  the  yJtt.'c /',  who  formerly  m.ide  an  agree- 
ment to  give  them  a  good  I'um  of  gold,befides 


three  hundred  gilder,  for  every  one  of  th..-  Mv"  n 
company's  fliips,  w  hieh  lor  tlie  future  Ihoald  l-Oi''^ 
bring  any  goods  thither,  flavc-lb.ips  only 
excepted  ;  and  this  in  confideration  of  iluir 
adillance  in  recovering  fort .'///{/? jn.'^z;//,  and 
other  fervices :  but  now  thole  crafty  B!.i:ki 
will  m.d<e  no  dilVerence  betwixt  flave-lhip'. 
and  others,  obliging  them  to  pay  for  ail 
alike.  They  alio  extort  a  good  lum  fom 
the  £«;'/(/?)  yearly,  .md  thus  treat  both  thou; 
n.uions  alike. 

Aknrcc,  Aiianum,  Auhban,  and  C',i- 
incmin  are  ])laces  where  valt  cjuanlities  of  Eh 
>fi'/v.j«  goods  are  veiuled,  efpecially  linnens, 
fly/iger,  copper,  ironb.irs,  old  llieets,br.iiidy 
and  rum,  pewter  balons,  nu.lkits,  bugles, 
beads  of  feveral  forts,  powder,  isc. 

y/i/i:if.i,  A/jn.t,  L<inx!:\\  Montfirl,  and 
fome  oilier  fmall  villages  farther  eatlw.ird, 
on  the  i'.iiUiii  Ihore,  as  tar  as  Auuii,  h.i'.e 
b'.it  ,1  very  incoiifulerable  trade.  //y.Vif  lies '"'^1"^ 
on  a  little  river,  two  leagues  call  fiom  Q/- 
mcht'iii  \  the  land  about  the  \  iilage  is  low  and 
llai,  it  produces  [)lenty  o(  Itkl'uin  i:oit\,  .md 
h  IS  good  frefli  water  and  wood  for  lliips  ch.it 
want. 

L;!g::)o  is  ilill  two  leagues  farther  eaff  iVoni  L^<;iiyo. 
Aqua,  on  a  rifing  grc.nvd,  dtfcending  10- 
w.irds  the  fliore,   has  a  little  trade  for  llaves, 
and  fome  gold,  but  r.ot  of  th.e  ptireil. 

AEnljcrt  again  eall  from  L.ij^u^o,  ailbri-is  Mmrior- 
fome  (lavcj  and  maii. 

'riie  other  fmaller  \'lll.;ges  to  ihecaflward 
of  this  l.iR,  are  little  freciuented  by  /-..'.'v//; .?;;;, 
tile  inhabitants  being  very  jioor  lilliermeii, 
who  carry  their  lilli  aboard  lliips,  asdoalfo 
thofe  ot  Lt:g:i'iu  and  M.i.l'ort  \  yet  mod  of 
thofe  fifliermenwill  bo.dl  to  the  lliips  crews 
of  the  great  ]ikntythey  have  alhore  of  flaves 
and  gold;  which  is  done  only  to  amule  tiie;;', 
that  they  may  Hay  longer  in  tlie  load,  and 
buy  their  lilVi,  for  leveral  fort  ot  toys  and 
pedlars  ware.  The  En^llh  ply  at  all  thofe 
places  more  than  any  otlier  Eurojeam,  and 
from  thenceforward  to  A.ia. 

1" he  language  of  the  BLuk>,  from  Axim  i.v.^i^jj. 
to /■.!«///.',  along  tiie  lea-coall,  is  .dmotbone 
and  the  lame-,  whereof  I  intentl  in  time  to 
give  a  fin.dl  vocabulary,  of  llveral  moll  fa- 
mil  i.w  words  and  phraies,  with  the  Ei.gltjh 
of  them. 


CHAP.     X. 

The  country  of  kcxon  defcribed ^  that  of  As^onm  or  Aiigwina;  tl.'/it  of  kcxx  or 
Acarii.  ]7Lnv:sfort  belonging  to  the  Knglifh.  (Jievccanir,  Dtiteli/i/rr.  !5t.  Francis 
Xavcrius  o/V/^^  Portiiguelc. 


A  C  RON  Co  U  N  T  K  V, 

!3lt     T   lES  between  that  of  Eantii,  and  .-/;,- 

ummtnt.  1   i  .ifw/'.'rt  Or    AgoiiH.t,    on  the  fca- fliore, 

running  ealtward  to  about  the  fimous  cape, 

tailed  Mollis  dd  Diablo  or  the  Di';;.'j  Meiinl. 


It  is  div'ided  into  great  and  little  An-on,  l\v: 
former  part  lying  farther  up  the  inl.md,  and 
being,  as  to  its  government,  a  fort  of  com- 
monwealth. Little  Act  01:  is  a  petty  king- 
dom.    The  two  countries  have  no  depcn- 

•    danC',' 


'  ','.''l 


.■  t 


;[;.:■  if 


in. 


;   1  ■  '(-(•* 


f:!|:f  'If  ;5 


I  ■  n. 


1 80 


^  Defcription  of  the 


Booiclll  Ichap.k 


K'"''.i  of 
Aliuii. 


Bauiiot .-'.incc  of  eacti  otlicr,  but  live  in  peifeftami- 
^-^'V^' ly,  u:iUcr  tht!  jirotcftion  of  the  Fiintiiwans, 
wiiii  li  m;;kts  thole  people  live  in  peace,  tillilig 
their  truitful  country  10  llicii  piirpofe,  tlut  ic 
cjnftantly  alibrdsiliem  a  i-Ientifulcrop,  dil- 
pnltd  ot  by  them  to  other  nations  round 
about. 

At  the  time  of  iny  being  there,  thcliing 
of  I.'ttlle  /Icrnii  was  a  civil  good-natur'd  man, 
about  fitty  years  of  age,  or  better,  and  re- 
puted one  ot  tiie  wealtliii  lb  on  tlie  G'ilJ-Cojff, 
t!u)'  ii'j  wore  no  beuor  clothes  than  any  of 
his  iiulift'trcnt  fuiiifl'.  This  is  lather  an 
an.nc.hy  tliin  anumirchy,  for  th'j  king  can 
do  n>;l'.ing,  Init  with  tiie  conltnc  of  lome  of 
the  prime  m-n  of  the  country. 

The  country  abounds  in  deer,  hares,  phea- 
f'.nts,  jiartridj^es,  and  many  other  forts  of 
beail.s  :".nd  birds. 

It  has  a  little  village  on  the  coaft,  called 
y//i7'v,  inh.iliitvd  by  fi.liermen,  but  very  con- 
vcnicnily  featcd  tor  trade,  only  that  the 
Bl.Lks  are  not  v"ry  traftal)le.  I:  ftands  a 
lir'le  way  up  a  fait  river,  abounding  in  fifh 
autl  fowl,  and  running  about  two  leagues  up 
tiie  land. 

Tticre  grows  the  fame  fort  of  yellow  wood, 
w',i,-h  I  n.entioneil  to  be  at  ./.t/'.;,  iu  tlie 
midllofcape  Tra  Pont.v,  as  proper  for  ma- 
king ot  fine  chairs  and  tables. 


l-r.J.-ut. 


A"iai  xi't- 


M.i  li- 
mill. 


i\:U2':- 


lb;  coi'.nti-j  c/Acontn.^  or  Ait.win a, 

XJl'ginsat,  or  about  the  above-nvniioned 
Moits  di'l  Dub'.o  f)r  the  /X'ri/'j  Moun:, 
by  the  Diit<h  callei.1  Ri.yjr-bocck,  diflanta- 
bi)ut  a  le.iguc  or  better  c.ilhvard  of  the  lalt- 
river  ot'  .-luoi:,  and  c  xtends  thenrr  caflwanl 
along  the  fhore  to  .-Iikkc^-  m  .-hur.mhiL'  or 
./  ,(;■.;.  On  tlie  north  it  borders  on  Souqua\, 
and  tbuthward  on  the  ocean,  along  which  it 
llretchcs  about  fifteen  leagues ;  in  which 
(pace  there  are  feveral  towns  ,ind  villages,  as 
D:ijo.'f,  Pc'Jen-tav,  Mango,  IFia'abaor  Sim- 
/rt.  Old  Birkii  or  Ban-ikou,  Jjicoti,  fnnsa, 
J.nmr.i,  S:iaii>n»ia,  .Vrti'  I.itl'e  Bfikn,  and 
K'H-cbs  Drool,  a  high  round  hill,  in  form  of 
a  I'ugar-loaf,  about  two  leagues  weft  from 
ylcra.  Ail  very  dangerous  places  to  land 
at,  the  fca  re. ling  and  breaking  violently 
along  the  llrantl. 

'I'll.' country  of  /luiiviiia  is  as  fertile  and 
plealant  as  that  of  A:roi:,  in  all  rel'ptdts.  In 
my  time  it  was  governed  by  a  woman,  of 
great  courage  ami  wildom  ■,  who,  to  keep 
the  whole  power  in  her  ownliands,  liv'd  un- 
iiiarry'd.  iihe  was  alx)ut  thirty-eight  years 
ot  age,  and  took  upon  Ivr  the  title  otciueen. 

The  inhabitants  lay  'heir  country  has  the 
advant.ige  of  a  very  tine  Urge  Irclh  water 
river,  abounding  in  oyftcrs  and  other  fifli, 
and  the  banks  ot  it  H  orctl  with  all  forts  ot  mon- 
keyi  and  baboons,  as  big  as  any  on  the  coaft: 
of  Giihsr.!.  This  river,  I  lUppofc,  lies  a 
little  cuft  of  i/cr^^. 


Dawn  anil  PoUen-bay  are  places  of  no  r)jj„u  ^^^ 
confideration.  PoMcis. ' 

Muiigo  is  famous   for  its  fituation  ncar''^^' 
Moiite  del  Diablo  or  thv  Divil's  Mount,  whicl/'^"So. 
is  very  high,  likea  lofty  cape.  It  h.ad  the  name  J*'""'  s 
given  it  by  the  Porlngtirfe,  from  the  facrifices    °''°'' 
the  ^.VnijolVer  there  to  the  devil,  as  they  pre- 
tended ;  butlincc  VIC  havenoinftanceofany 
Bl.n  ks  on  the  Gold-Conji,  that  pay  any  venera- 
tion to  that  evil  fpirit,  wc  may  conclude  the 
Portavift'  are  in  the  wrong  as  to  this  point. 
However  that  is,  this  mountain  is  very  rich 
in  gold,    which   the    Blacks,    after  violent 
fhowers,    gatlier  in  confiderable  quantities, 
the  rain  walhing  it  from  among  the  fand. 
The  DntJ.i  gave  this   mount  the  name  of 
Riiy^tf-boeck,  bccaufe  being  very  high,  thty 
olten  law  it  at  a  dillance,  long  before  they 
coulJ  reach  it,    in  failing  along  the  coail 
from  eail  to  weft ;  the  wind  being  conllantly, 
mofl  of  the  year  from  morning  till  night  at 
S  W.  and  a  very  frefh  gale,  the  tide  com 
monly  letting  to  theeaftward,  fb  that  itre- 
cjiiires  much  time  to  turn  it  up. 

Tl)e  h'r^ncb  and  Dutch  uled  formerly  to 
trade  ar  Mango  ;  but  fince  the  natives  have 
adilidlcd  thtmlMvc  s  to  falfifying  of  the  gold, 
nnieh  more  tiian  at  other  places (fli  theeoafl, 
both  tl.ol'e  nations  ha\'C  Ibrfiiken  that  place. 
l"he  pe()|  h-  about  this  village  breed  great 
herds  ot  ciri le,  ,m.l  eliiccially  cows  and  bul- 
locks, which  they  carry  up  and  tlown  tlie 
coall  fur  fale.  The  women  arc  there  very  «.,.,.';„ 
jolly  and  handlbme,  efpecialiy  thofe  Qi^nim. 
Bremhn,  and  much  fought  after  by  the  men 
of  the  ce)i;fl  tor  wives.  The  country  about 
it  yield,  plenty  of  maiz   and  palm-oil. 

Ulam'jd  or  ^..vy/^j  flands  on  the  afccnt  of  a  \v,j,j. 
hill,  in  the  bulging  of  the  land,  very  agree- x/.\(, 
ably  f'eated  among  trees.  The  En/lijh  tac- 
rory,  being  a  double  ftone  houfe,  was  ran- 
facked  by  the  Blacks  \n  1679,  and  the  f  id  or 
had  mucli  ado  to  fave  his  own  and  his  men's 
lives;  happily  making  their  efcapc  in  the 
night  to  cape  Corio,  where  !  faw  him  land, 
much  woiiu.led  .md  nil  embrued  in  his  own 
blood.  '1  liis  place  is  eafy  to  be  known  tVoiu 
the  lea,  by  the  two  Eiiglifh  houfesyct  ftand- 
ing,  without  any  roof,  near  the  fliore,  anil 
about  two  hundred  paces  from  IViainhct  v 
which  is  a  Im.dl  village  of  about  thirty 
houles,  feated  in  a  flat  low  ground,  witli 
l.irge    meadous    beyond    it,  eiulol'etl  with 


hedges,  and 


tartlie 


T  up  the  country  are  feve- 


ral lakes.  In  tlie  fiekis  urc  to  be  lecn  large 
herds  of  live  luindrt.l  deer  te^ciher,  and  ve- 
ry l.irge  deforn-ed  monkeys  and  baboons, 
1  lere  is  alio  great  plenty  ot  poultry,  as  alio 
bar-canoes  tor  l-'uUi  and  JrJra.  The  vill.iae, 
of 7/-';<(/«.'-di^  chiefly  inhabited  l>y  lifhiiiinoii 
In  time  ot  war  tlieie  is  very  little  trade,  bur 
the  fituation  i;  g<K>d  lot  it  in  jieacc. 

Berku  or  M.iirtiiOii,  the  juinL^pal  t*wn  of[j,., 
(Ik  /Ii<i^:ii»Li  ii,.{\\.   is  feated  on  a  mount,  j,.(, 

five 


JookIII.  I  (}hap.io.'  Coa/ls  of  Sour H'Guii;e a. 


i8i 


of  no  Oajou  »r,d 
PoMcis- 

)n  near  ,7' 

,  which  "^"S"' 

lename""""'' 

._       Mount. 
icrifices 

K-y  prf- 

e  of  any 

venera- 

iude  the 

s  point. 

ery  rich 

violent 

antitics, 

he  fand. 

name  of 

;h,  they 

)re  thev 

le  coaA: 

lilandy, 

night  at 

de  com- 

lat  itrc- 

mcrly  to 
vcs  have 
the  goU, 
thecoaft, 
lat  placo. 
•ed  great 
and  bul- 
lown  riie 
licre  very  H.r;j:-;, 
tiiofe   ot"'"'"!. 
^  the  nf^en 
y  about 
-oil. 
cent  of  a  w,„t-.) 
ry  agree- t'-^i. 
tijh  lac- 
was  ran- 
he  f  i(flor 
his  men's 
pe'  in  the 
lim  lanJ, 
his  own 
)\vn  troni 
ct  (land- 
ore,  anil 
''lainha ; 
t  Ciiifty 
d,  witli 
ed  with 
irc  fevc- 
■ecn  large 
and  vc- 
ubooiis, 
as  alio 
u'  villap; 
(■hoimoii 
aJe,  bur 

t(^wn.ofi).,k^, 
mount,  (.'{f 
tiv; 


Ijnj"';-' 


«:\:hs. 


Xii'r.ii. 


five  leagues  weft  from  ^ovi,  alioiintling  in 
tame  fowl,  and  much  cheaper  than  elfcwhere 
on  iheGold-CoaJl.  The  Blads  here  drink  a 
fort  of  beer,  called  Petaw-,  made  of  Indian 
wheat,  in  tafte  and  colour  like  EngliJJj  fmall- 
bcc'i-,  but  more  lufciouj. 

This  Banacoii  or  Ii,irrfl,o^  h  a  proper 
til.ue  to  fettle  a  faftory  or  fort  for  trade, 
ami  pteafmt  enough  to  live  at,  being  in  a 
pkntiful  country. 

'riieir  langu.ige  is  dilfcfnt  from  that  of 
thfwcllern  parts  of  the  Gohl  CoaJ't,  but  they 
iiiidcrltand  tiie  others. 

'I'he  natives  are  expert  :u  works  in  goUi 
ami  iron,  making  curious  i!;okl  rings  and 
ch.iins,  and  very  fuie  armour  and  weapons  ; 
which  they  fell.dong  tiic  co.,11,  and  particu- 
larly at  Ai-ra. 

Whilfl:  ilie  Porliiq^ucft-  lonled  it  along  this 
coall,  thefVrw6ufed  to  trade  to  ic ;  which 
IS  till'  reafon  that  tl;e  Bluki  Hill  remember 
\x\\r\^  French  words,  ef[)eci,dly  of  the  Nor- 
m  111  dialccl. 

Mere  arcfts  great  numbers  of  parrokects 
as  at  Aittimii'>'\ 

LiUle  B.rkii  lies  about  a  league  and  a  half 
cafrof  Barraioii,  on  a  fm.ili  ri^vr. 

The  roafl:  from  Connci.t.n  to  Monte  del 
Pidlo  or  the  Di-vii'iM'  tint,  extends  SE  by  E. 
about  twelve  leagues,  and  thence  to  Berkit 
ivnc  leagues,  and  from  />i7,''.v  to  Acra  river 
about  nine  leagues  more. 

The  country  eartward  o  Koeck-broot  hill 
is  low  and  flat  towards  the  lea,  but  hilly  up 
the  inland:  fome  leagues  dill  farther  to  the 
ealhvard,  'tiscovereil  with  11. ribs  and  little 
treis,  the  land  dry. 
..  1  have  already  obfervcd,  that  all  the  a- 
l)uvementioned  places  of  ./irowand  AK^nina 
are  well  leated  lor  trade,  when  they  are  nor 
at  war  with  their  neighbours  -,  tor  when  they 
are,  there  is  little  gold  and  few  llaves  to  be 
had.  The  Acra  Bl.icks  come  down  to  this 
coaft  to  trade,  when  they  hear  there  are 
llii|is  riding,  that  have  a  veil  fortetl  cargo, 
of  luch  gooiis  as  they  h.ive  occalion  for,  i-t:. 
laye;,  oki  Iheets,  roel'vek  linnen,  bugles, 
iron  and  brandy.  A  good  fl.ive  fells  there, 
as  at  all  other  trading  places  on  the  Gold- 
Co.ijl  vid\w.\ri.\,  at  the  rate  of  one  Benda  of 
gold,  which  is  two  ounces. 

The  people  of ///.'i;;cw.;,  in  general,  are 
bold  and  warlike,  well  fl<illeil  in  fiiking, 
and  at  many  ivorks  in  gold  and  iron  ;  but 
more  efpecially  at  makin^j  curious  gold 
cli.iin-rings. 

Thi  kingdom  of  Ac  r  a  or  Ac  a  r  a, 
TS  tributary  to  and  dependant  on  the  king 
■*•  o\' Aiuamboe  ;  and  tho' the  greatell  part 
of  its  territories  he  u[)  th.e  country,  yet  arc 
tliey  commonly  defcribed  among  the  king- 
doms of  the  coart,  becaufe  of  the  great  com- 
tnen  e  with  them,  and  then  king's  extend- 
Vo  L.  V. 


ing  his  power  Over  the  Blacks  along  the  (ca,  Barhot 
for  above  twenty  leagues,  notwithltanding  ^■^'Y^»> 
t'^atthefe  have  kings  of  their  own-,   and 
therefore  they  are  adjoined  to  this  country 
of  Aqtiamboe. 

This //art  kingdom,  which  lies  next  oaLimiti. 
the  coaft,  borders  weftward  on  Augwina, 
from  which  it  is  parted  by  a  fmall  river  ; 
northward  on  Aboura  and  Bonoe  ealhvard 
on  Labade  and  Ningo  ;  and  fouthward  on  the 
ocean  •,  being  about  fixteen  leagues  in  com- 
pafs,  and  almoft  round,  fcarce  two  leagues 
and  a  half  lying  to  the  lea,  and  on  it  three 
villages,  which  are  Soko,  Little  Acra,  and  f'//^^*.'. 
Orfaky,  each  of  them  under  the  cannon  of 
an  European  fort,  viz.  Soko  under  the  Englijh  ^'"''' 
fort  Jumei ;  Little  Acra  under  the  Dutch  fort 
Crrjeceur ;  and  Orfaky  under  that  oi' St. Fran- 
cis Xaverius,  now  belonging  to  the  Portu- 
g:iefc,  but  before  to  the  Dan's,  and  by  them 
called  fort  Chnjliaenburg  ;  :.ll  three  of  them 
reckoned  among  the  bell  on  the  coall. 

Thefe  three  fortreflrs  are  fituated  in  the  T/«;ry;i»- 
compal's  of  lefs  than  a  league  and  a  halt  of'""' 
ground,  each  on  .i  rockv  headland,  advan- 
cing a  little  way  upon  the  ilrand,  where  it 
IS  very  dangerous  landing-,  except  at  Acray 
at  which  place  it  is  not  to  ilifficult,  at  the 
firfl  and  laft  quarters  of  the  moon,  with  the 
help  of  bar-canoes. 

The  three  European  forts  have  but  little 
authority  over  the  Blacks,  and  ferve  only  to 
fecure  the  trade,  the  Blacks  here  being  of  a 
temper  not  to  fuflcr  any  thing  to  be  impofed 
on  them  by  Euro/rans ;  which,  if  they  (liould 
but  attempt,  it  would  certainly  prove  their 
own  ruin.  On  the  other  hand,  confuleringfrZiyW/.u  ■ 
the  boldnefs  and  warlike  dilpofition  of  thole  f^ .'" '' 
Blacks,  itisllrangethey  everijermirted  Eurt-  '' 
peans  to  build  tlu\  ■  luch  good  forts  lb  dole 
together :  but  l"o  great  is  the  power  of  mo- 
ney, as  well  in  that  golden  country,  as  in 
all  other  parts  of  the  world,  thai  the  late 
kingof  Acra,  about  forty  years  lince,  being 
gained  by  confiderable  prefents  the  Da>:es 
and  Dutch  made  him,  and  by  the  kindnels 
his  liibjefts  fhowed  to  white  men,  granted 
the  libcty  at  firll  afked  of  him,  for  each  of 
them  to  build  aftone  houfe,  to  fettle  a  fadlor 
in,  under  the  obligation  of  feven  marks  of 
gold  yearly,  for  each  houfe.  The  houfes 
being  thus  built,  the  Danes  and  Dutch  never 
gave  over  carefling  the  natives,  and  infinua- 
ting  to  them,  that  whereas  they  were  conti 
nually  affaulted  in  their  own  country  by  the 
reillets  Aquamboes,  their  mortal  enemies,  ic 
would  be  for  their  fafety  to  permit  them  to 
turn  thofc  houfes  into  forts,  which  would 
proteiil  them  and  their  families  with  tht  ir 
cannon  againft  thofe  bold  and  incroaching 
Blacki.  By  thele  means  ihcy  prevailed  to 
have  thofc  places  put  into  the  condition  they 
now  ^.fc.  The  firll  that  obtained  this  pri- 
vilege of  the  king  of  Acra  were  the  Dutch, 
A  a  i  wha 


nil.  .      ■-' '  I ! 


M 


'ipW   .I'^l 


rlt! 


l:\ 


'-*.  i. 

.ii 


Mia  r 


!  .  I 


i8i 


y^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  Hi 


n\-tivir.\vho  boiip;hta  proper  pl.ic  lor  a  lortol'him, 
V-<'V"v^  whicli  thy  biiilc  vTitli  a  w.iie-li()u!c  ot  rock 
(lonis,  lixty-twoloov  in  li-iij^fh  amliWL-iity- 
i'our  in  1  .•.■.lith,  wirn  jj.ink  Hours  laid  on 
joylls,  an  1  tiic  roof  lOVcrVi  with  tiks  i  ail 
die  iiuildirf?;s  cncompartetl  with  bulwarks, 
and  ilw  w.ills  madi'  witli  nort-holr'>  lor  <;uns. 
Some  time  iitur,  ihc  Daiin,  and,  at  lall, 
iht;  Ei;g:<ll>  had  the  got>d  fortune  to  be  al- 
iow'd  building  ottorts  ilifro.  'I'o  fay  the 
truth,  ihol'f  i'orts,  upon  Ibine  occalions, 
hav  -  provei'  a  good  refuge  to  the  natives  ■, 
cfpcci.dly  when  tlie  king  uf  Aj!i,imi/oe  ton- 
(yier'd  Jcra,  in  the  year  lOh'o,  when,  had 
ilicy  .vanttd  th  it  (icure  retreat,  tew  oi  none 
of  tlum  iiad  bren  left  alive,  or  at  bed,  in 
any  condition  to  tlrive  tlie  trade  they  now 
h.ive -,  wliuh  is  conli.lerable,  notwitliliand- 
iiig  the  great  namber  ol  I  iniili;s  that  hive 
ren.oved  ilienc  to /--iv,  Popo,  And  tuiii,  as 
tlieir  king  i-hiiin  has  done  to  /v/,'/,  being  a 
near  relation  to  .-//.y«  Prnin  Ajh'ive^  king 
of  7v/;s  to  deliver  thenifclvtR  from  theai- 
biiriry  power  ol  the  king  ol  /{qi'iiiiil>or, 
wiioie  folJ.iers  irvijucntly  )  l.iniler  this  and 
other  eo>i,ini.s  ;  b.ing  ecunienani'd  bv  ti.'.  ii' 
hiuglity  'overeign,  w;,oncvcr  t.i.K  toelpouie 
all  t  icir  qaarrclf. 
r-,;.',  f'"  It  iiiigiubere.ifonably  fupn<rii  d,  thatthL- 
ih.-ermi.  tiitee  levi  lal  lomiv.nK.^  iiaiJing  tlu-re,  might 
/.i,.;«.  I3;.  ,,  t  I,)  to  Jalh  among  ih-iiif.  Ive.,  that 
the  ionf'M]'ii.iHes  \/oiild  be  fatal  to  each  in 
p.iriii  iilar,  and  t(  the  wiiole  eommiree  in 
gi  neral ;  but  exp'ii!  nee  fliows  thecoiurarVi 
here  being  fuch  pKnty  of  gold  and  fl.ivis, 
that  none  of  them  is  in  dang'T  of  wanting. 
B.fi  ics,  that  each  tort  is  Itoi-k'd  with  toiii- 
modities,  w!iieii  the  other  has  not ;  and  tiiat 
nlivn  h  Ijv  to  promote  trade,  wiiieh  is  here 
to  confiltraMe,  notwitliflanding  the  cala- 
nisiiis  iif  war,  or  famine,  tliis  country 
lias  lorg  laboiir'd  und'r,  tliat  it  may  well 
be  f'aiu,  thii  place  alone  fiirniflies  more  go' i 
and  flaves,  than  the  wholi^  coaft  bel;h:-.. 
And  ouki  the  Jkn/i  and  A(j  irj>\t(ii'  Black  ■: 
grce,  as  ihey  aa' 'ontinually  at  variance,  a- 
bout  the  annual  tribute  the  former  licmand 
ot  the  latter,  by  virtue  of  their  feudal  right 
overth-m,  the  ti ade  would  be  yet  greater, 
at  Acrii,  than  ir  is  :  but  tlie  //'jUiU/ibots  will 
by  no  means  labmit  to  it,  led  a  concelTion 
of  this  n.iture  might,  intiinc,  (oflthetnthe 
iolsoft^kir  whole  country  ■,  and  their  king 
is  fuch  a  politician,  as  to  tow  dilcord  be- 
iwecn  the  governors  of  ./*';»/,  by  means  of 
fair  words  and  large  gifts,  wnereliy  he  pre- 
ii:r\Ts  his  country  in  pea;  t,  arnl  wi  a  coiuti- 
tion  to  enjoy  a  bentfi  :ij1  tiadc. 

To  lay  lomtthiiii',  more  particular  of  each 
of  ."^ofe  maritime  villages  an.:  forts  at  /-tcta. 
liko.  '^''■•0  IS  to  the  wefhvardnt  liie  oilier  two, 

and  of  lefs  conlei]u-ncc,  beini?  nnlv  a  p,ir- 
•el  of  about  an  hj.idred  !  ittercd  f.jule*,  at 
1.  diftanc  'roni  one.  ji.>  i.hor, 


LUiIi-  Jira,  which  is  about  h.ili'  .1  mile Lh'; 
call  ot  Suh,  wasjireiL)  ,Klfo:'i _•,;".  ccin--^  > 
modioiis,  being  a  marKei.-tov.n  wcli  go- 
vern'd,  and  much  relorted  'o  -,  but  the  y/- 
/jiiamb';es  l)urnt  it  a  Iciv  years  linec,  learci. 
iixty  ho.il'es  being  left  ftar.ding.  i'jurru 
king  of  Ara,  chote  rather  to  live  at  tim 
pLue,  th  ;n  at  Great  Aii\t,  which  is  up  the 
inland  ;  and  I  was  there  levcra'  times  with 
liim  in  1071).  He  was  a  man  of  a  good  mien, 
a  great  friend  to  Europram,  but  of  too  refi- 
lls a  Ipirit,  which  at  lafl  occafionM  his  ruin, 
having  too  powerlul  a  nation  to  contend 
with:  as  .'Jctci\\f: /!qtiambu<:s,  who,  in  con- 
clulion,  obliged  him  10  abandon  his  don ii- 
nioiis,  a',  has  Iiumi  fad. 

Or.iiv  i',  not  to  confiderable  as  I  ha\'C  fbr-ri^;, 
mcily  leeii  ii,  the  .I'jUiimhi.rs  having  alio 
deflioy'd  and  ruin'd  it.  Mofl  ot  the  inha- 
bitants of  thele  three  villages  have  left  them, 
linct  !hc  irruptions  of  the  .■■IquaiiWots,  and 
fettled  rheml'  Ives  and  t.imilies  at  Pojo,  near 
/../..'.  riie  tiiTe  ■/':>/;•-/ w;  forts,  a!  .kin, 
are  biiiit  much  ait'-r  the  famemanrei,  and 
nl.k  •  in  bignel^ :  but  tola)  fonicthing  ol 
tiiLiii  more  particular. 

J.\  MLS  l-'oR  r   bjlon^mg  to  the  E.vclish, 

A 'I'  Sck-)  is  a  fquarc,  having  foer  battc-.?,^.^, 
■^^  rics,  the  wills  high  and  thiil<,  eipe-2v;.^ 
cially  on  that  fi  le  which  is  next  th(.  Dutch 
fc.rt,   b.in;';  of  ro.k-ffoneand  lime,  but  too 
flig  :ly  b.iiit  to  refift  thcexcetlive  rains  ol" 
the  Wet  I'  aion.     The  lodgings  are  clote  to- 
gether, being  a  tort  of  platform,    with  a 
Iqaare  tower,  an.l  a  little  lj>ire  on  it,  where 
tile  EipJ  fh  flig  ishoilh'd.     1  faw  only  eigh- 
teen little  iron  guns  mounted  on  die  batte 
ries.     Tlie  garifon  conlills  of  tiventy  white 
and  thirty  black  men. 

Its  fituation  is  very  advantageous,  being 
v\  a  l.irge  rocky  he.id-land,  out  in  the  fea, 

.    vou  fee  it  here  reprefentcd  in  the  cut,  p  ^, 
\\v    .g  the  village  of  Soko  on  the  north,  at 

'r.iall  diflance.    ft  isfcarcc  pofiibleto  landj,,.  ,, 
dry  here  at  any  tiine  ot  the  year,  the  feaa^' 
perpeiuilly    rolling  and    breaking  on   the 
ttr.mtl  i  (b  that  you  mutt  ol    neccflity  be 
wafli'il,  ilr.ot  ovcrtet. 

1'he  D  C  T  (    II    1'  O  l<  T    C  R  E  V  E  C  OE  I'  K, 

Y\7' Hereof  we   liere   give   a  protpeit   inl'"!' 
'  ^     the  cut,    is  f.ateil  .iboiit  halt  a  can- 
iion-fliut  from  /,iw  J  hort  \  and,  like  it,  on 
aiiotli-r  larg'' rocky  hcad-laiul,  which  jutting 
out  into  the  tea,  rentiers  it  the  ilrungLron 
that  fide  :  .iiid  tho' boats  and  niiinaies  c.in,... - 
(ome  lip.  to  ihe  flrand  in  l;if''ty,    ainioft  at^i,.-,  . 
anytime,   yd  the  lamling  is  well  lietended 
by   the  guns  of  the  tort,    and    tlie    filial! 
arms  of  the  girilon. 

It  is  fijti.ire  budi,  with  four  Ixuterics, 
which,  ,is  well  .IS  th':  uirtiiii,  are  of  lo.k- 
ftone  and  lime,  but  neither  very  tliick  nor 

higli/ 


i?f;  -liV^ 


JOOK  III 

P  mile  Li:': 

lu  ccin-  '^'■'' 

L'li     gO- 

;  I  he  y/- 
,  i!.arc\ 
ijuiru 

iir  thu 

ujj  the 
les  with 
a\  mien, 
[00  rtll- 
his  ruin, 
contend 

in  COM- 
is  ilonii- 

i.ivc  tbr-o^ii.,. 
in^  .ih'u 
he  inii.i- 
I't  tlicm, 

ijo,  mar 
at  ,Av.7, 
per,  ami 
:thing  ot 


\r  LISN, 

IT  battC-.lfrit.r'', 

k,  eipe-^vc/ 
(i(.  Du!cb 
,  b'jt  too 
•  rains  of 
clofr  to- 
with  a 
I,  wiiere 
!y  ciph- 
battc'- 
wiiiti: 

being 
the  Tea, 

loilh,  at 
to  land  J,.  ,,, 

the  iiM;!.^ 

on   tin- 
iVity  be 


i:  I'  K, 
vit    iil''"'^ 
a  can- 
it,  on 
liittini; 
)n{j;i  r  on 

nmll  ai.,,;,  , 
tended 
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«»J/.W;-   foiT,   whci 


Ci  1 A  P.  10.        C'hipt  flf  So  U  T  H  -  G  n  N  E  A." 


1S3 


p-,     C»»w'.' 


roT'u- 


I  ■  ^ '    ti 


liii^li,  •('  t'^^f  it  rannot  emiiirc  mui  li  li.it- 
UTingi  i'li'l  thv  hhgli/l',  [\om  'l(i>nf\  I'nrt, 
iiiiiilu  loon  rcdurc  it  to  a  li.  :ip  of  riil)billi 
wit. I  their  tMimoti,  in  c.ilc  of  ;i  niptiiic  lie 
twcin  the  two  iiaiiofis,  tho'  it  is  nuiih  lir- 
i.'(r  than  their  tort.  Within  ir,  is  a  lar{j;c 
'li.it  Ujuarc  lioiil",  with  a  iil.ittorm,  .ind  011 
ir,  a  Uirnt  with  a  (uik)I,i,  on  which,  the 
Dutch  t1.i[;  i<  (lilpl.yM,  .i".  at  all  other 
torn  on  tiu-  loall,  as  I'oon  as  .my  Ihips  ii]!- 
tKiir  .It  Ifii.  1  he  loiluings  ari'  pretty  neat 
ami  convenient,  both  i'or  the  oHicers  and 
(iiriton,  which  coniills  tit  fifteen  white,  and 
tweiirv-fi^e  M.ick  nicn.  It  li.is  ^.  good 
h.'.n.ilome  ;;are  towatiis  the  not  ih,  ovcrlook- 
ini;  the  vill.;u;i  ot  y.i///.:-  Ai>ii,  and  the  road 
tlul  Iculs  u>()r.it>  ,/rr.i.  Tlir  p;ate  is  ll 
cured  liy  a  C  r,'s  i!e  (iinirtlr  .vm\  two  liarricrs, 
but  no  ditch  or  palliliidiKs  ix  lore  it,  wiiich 
is  the  t'.uilt  of  all  the  torts  alony  the  co.df, 
t'.un;- ex'' pt'.il.  'V\k  I'l.ukf  Iv,  iiiij  wholly 
(infkill'd  at  taking  of  lhon<^  holds,  an  1  ge 
nerdly  running  away,  or  lyinsj;  ilown  flar 
wlien  the  c.innou  is  tiud,  thole  outward  de 
fences  arc  lookM  1110:1  as  urinecelV.uy  iluir- 
ges.  There  are  tourteeii  piic i s  of  c.iniion, 
nnd  riuiicpattareroeson  th  ■  b.iiteries.  The 
f"itu.ni')n  ot  the  toi  t  is  luth,  that  it  eninys 
a  better  air  than  the  oihi  r  two  ealt  and  well 
of  it. 

Fort    S  t.  F  k  a  n  c  1  a  X  a  v  e  r  i  i'  s, 

IS  iIk-  only  pl.ice  the  Portiiaiiefe  have  on 
t!\e  co.ill,  and  that  but  ol  lite,  bein<;  at 
the  village  of  Or/.:ii\\  a  fliort  leajrue  call 
from  At  a,  built  much  after  tlie  I'.ime  form 
and  tiianner  as  the  other  two,  to  the  weltward 
of  it  i  but,  in  my  opinion,  nnu  h  llronger, 
;.nd  more  Ipaciou*,  the  curtins  .ind  batte 
rics  more  lolid  and  lofty.  The  tower  and 
iod|!;ini;.sare  .illo  laiger,  with  a  [ijood  Corps 
ik  Cu.itil- ;  ,uul  a  Ipur  at  the  [fire,  which 
overlooks  the  \'ill.i{V.  The  l^.rtf^itr'c  have 
raisM  the  laid  curtins  ami  batteries  three  foot 
liii!,her  than  they  were  when  polv  IsM  by  the 
Dr.:  .'.  ft  has  twenty  tour  irci'i  gunsmoun- 
trd.  and  a  tew  pattarrroes  -,  ,iiid  thegarifbn 
riinliils  of  I'ortyfive  wiure  men:  lor  they 
«iil  adniir  ot  no  Hl.i.ki  amonjrtiiem,  being 
li.ited  by  them  hvre,    as  w>  II  as  at  all  other 

•■  p'acts  on  the  coalh  Several  fatiiilie^  are 
11  inovevl  from  the  village  to  feveral  other 
piris.  cither  on  their  account,  or  beraufe 
1 1  the  ./iju.inil'o-w.irs. 

They  have  ■.\U>   built  n  thnpp;l  in  the 

-  fort,  where  mats  is  laid  by  a  black  priell, 
ord.i.inVl  by  th'- bifhopof'^/.  Tl'owr.  Befldes, 
thiy  have  mm  h  i'n[)roved  the  1  ;ke,  lying 
at  tomediltance  from  the  fort,  and  pariei'd 
it  our  into  I'lvifions,  to  make  lalt,  in  the 
l!'me  manner  as  they  do  -.xt  S,t'!h:il,  and  in 
o'hiT  purrs  of  /'';r//(i;.i/.  This  1  d<i;  wasfor- 
ji'irly  a  confecraieil  place,  and  one  of  the 
CkUirt  Oi'ihc  inh.tbitanCi- pI  0)'yr(<'j>  ^hicU 


I'oit.:- 
'■i-i-.!- 


may  be  one  caule  of  their  avcrfion  to  tlu  n-ai'oT 
Pnrtiigiii'ji!.  I  have  here  given  a  P'o'ivct  ^''^^*'|^ 
of  the  whole.  '"    ' 

T\w  Dnnin  built  this  fort,  as  wasfaid  a- I'm  ili 
bove,  and  named  it  (.V'>;//irt'«/;//>;q,  in  \\o-f"' 'IJ 
nour  of  their  king  then  reigning.  In  iC'79, 
it  was  governed  by  Jibn OIri, k .  of  Cihi^ kihhl, 
a  worthy  |)crlbn,  with  whom  I  wis  very 
intiiiiitc:  him  the  treacherouWi.'.(/t' inhu- 
manly muriler'd,  at  the  inlligatioii  of  a 
(ji-f.4,  who  had  liv'd  there  fome  yeu-s  un- 
der him.  Tl  .  villain,  fome  time  after, 
fold  the  [ijace  n)  y«/w,7  ih  Cnm/')  llitrret't 
fbrmtrly  governor  of  the  idand  oiSt.T'lomr, 
for  a  I'ain  ol  money,  not  exceeding  I'even 
m.irks  of  ;';old.  fi:!rri!o  w.is  the  fame  ])er- 
fon  I  had  known  three  yen--  before  at  /'(\i 
•  !'■  Principe  or  the  prince's  iflaivi,  in  the  gulj'h 
o\  (Ihtiifti.  How  he  behav"d  himfi.lf  to- 
wards his  garilbn,  I  cannot  Will  fay  1  bin 
when  1  was  .it  Jcra,  in  the  b'-ginning  of  the 
yc,;r  1682,  they  iud  revoltol,  and  kept  I 
liim  confined  in  the  11;  1  er  rart  of  tl-.e  towir 

.      ,  ,.  Ill-  1  1  frliiinll.,'1 

ot  his  tort.  He  being  iiiucli  a  gentleman, ',j^,„_„.„ 
and  known  to  me  b  fore,  as  I  h..ve  iufl  ob-" 
f'  rv'it,  F  causM  my fdf  to  be  cany'd  thithe- 
by  /).'./,  \(  in  a  ham:no-k,  from  I'wi  Duth 
Ion,  to  pay  him  a  vilit ;  but  t!v  P-:rtiig:ifi 
chief  fjitor,  who  commanti-d  then  in  the 
place,  would  not  idiow  me  the  li'.v.a'.y  of 
any  dill  oiirfe  with  liin-i,  or  any  more  thnn 
to  f.dute  him  at  the  window  of  th?  room  he 
w  IS  confined  to  above-lfair':,  from  a  coidi- 
ilerable  dilfance,  without  ndmirring  ni'  into 
the  fort.  The  P ;>!!'g^iffe  fiffor  c.imc  a  lit- 
tle way  out  of  ilu'|()it,  to  t-U  me  he  could 
.mlwer  l(>r  what  lie  had  done,  and  if  the  pri- 
foner  were  willing  to  go  over  to  F.ttrope  with 
me,  he  might  do  it;  but  flirrlo  feiu  word 
by  a  Black,  that  he  could  not  leave  hi;  pofl 
without  a  fpeci  il  onl'r  from  the  king  of  Pir- 
tif;'il,  iinddefired  me  to  take  care  ol' hi-,  let- 
ter he  lent  to  that  court,  which  1  promisM, 
and  perfoni.'d  fome  time  after,  wiv.n  I  re- 
tiirnVi  to  prince's  iflanti.  I  le  alio  lent  word, 
he  iiourly  expefted  a  Port:'g:!e:}  man-of- 
w.irf'rom  L:!hon. 

The  Pirtugurf-  garifon  was  then  in  a  mi- '■'■■•'''■  "'■•- 
I'-ribk- condition,  in  want  of  all  I'ortsof  pro 
eilion,  and  even  bread  ;  and  all  the  goods 
in  their  wirehoufe  did  not  amount  to  tlie  v.i- 
lue  of  lixty  pound'-,  a'5  I  was  told  at  th- 
Dutch  fort ;  and  that  the  Pcrtr.nucfc  gave 
out,  they  had  Ipent  above  an  hundred  marks 
of  gold,  to  put  the  fort  into  tl  •  go''.  I  con- 
dition It  then  was.  I  was  nllb  inform'd,  [Lit 
the  D.inei  o(  J-'reih-riclihr-:^,  ne.ir  caiieCr- 
/'A  had  in  vain  Ibllicited  the  Pjrfn-:,,/-  ri 
rellorc  the  place  to  them,  jiayingthem  wh  ,: 
itcofV,  ami  realbnilile charges,  whi  luoiJd 
not  amount  to  near  what  th-y  j  'tended  ; 
but  the  Pnrfi/gifc;?  would  not  h/a'-kin  to 
their  propoi.i)s,  and  tfill  litt|)i-<i'"-'lTiou  ot* 
tiie  torti 

Tl.- 


irtrlifi! 
'itMilll 


}  I  "1' 


m 


■■\\rum 


;■  m 


V    V 


iil:j.;k|ii 


184 


^  Dcfcription  of  the 


Book  III. 


CifAI'.    I 


Surciif. 


t^rf^rU. 


Bahbot.     The  Diviijh  company  nii^^lit  li;»vc  in.nlc 

*'0/'^>^  very  coMfidtrablc   j)roht  l>y  its  ti.ulc  htre, 

^ii«M-     vverc  it  not  for  tlic  revolutions  wIik  h  have 

'.IVi^L.  h.uiiu'ncil  ,u  Icveral   times,  anil  tlu'  infidc- 

Iity  ()^  their  l^rvants,  as  I  li.ive  alriMily  00- 

fervM  ;  tor  this  fort  bein{^  the  l.ill  pl.ice  on 

iiviGuldCojj},  where  there  is  abntk  trade, 

ami  much  gold,    moll  ot  the /i/<>o/vi/»  ihips 

generally  jure  with  the  reiiuinJ'T  of  their 

goods  at  any  rate:  whiih  is  a  good  o|>|)or- 

tunity  for  the  company's  fcrvants  to  drive  an 

advantageous  (inderhand  trade  for   tlicni- 

felvcs,   during   the  vacancies  of  the  pod, 

upon  the  deceafe  of  a  govcrnour,  or  chief 

fiiilor. 

'I'lie  three  forts  of  /1c>a  are  fiibfilled 
by  the  provilions  they  fetch  from  cape 
Cotj'o,  M.iiijr/U,  Anamalv.,  .ind  C  rmi iiti)i ; 
the  country  all  about  them,  for  a  L;rcat  way, 
lying  uade,  having  been  ruin'dby  the  wars 
with  the  ylqudinhots  \  which  occafion'd  luih 
■A  fcarcity  of  corn,  that  a  chelt  ol  maiz,  of 
two  Iniflicls,  was  rais'd  to  ten  pieces  of  eight. 
The  gold  of  /Av.jis  of  the  purtlt  fort, 
much  l:lvc  that  at  Jxim,  wliu  h  comes  trom 
Ef^iveiru.  Moll  of  it  ii  brought  down  thi- 
ther from  the  country  o\' /Iboiiee,  anil  that 
oi  >2j<.dof,  which  is  beyond  the  other,  and 
very  rich  in  golil  1  the  natives  whcicof,  pal- 
fing  through  /Iquambce  in  their  way  down, 
drive  the  grcatell  part  of  that  trade.  In 
time  of  war,  it  turnillies  fo  great  a  number 
ofllaves,  ti. at  it  amounts  to,  at  leafl,  as  ma 
ny  as  arc  fold  all  along  the  rell  of  the  coall. 
This  country  is  continually  in  war  with  fome 
of  the  neighbouring  nations,  which  are  very 
populous,  and  from  whom  they  take  very 
many  prifoners,  moft  of  whom,  they  fell 
to  the  Eurojeam.  The  flaves  are  commonly 
purchi<lui  for  coefvelc  linen,  flv/igcr,  ly- 
wat,  flieeis,  layes,  perpetuanas,  firelocks, 
powder,  brandy,  bugles,  knives,  to[)-fails, 
nicannees,  and  other  goods,  according  to 
the  timjs.  The  natives  carry  thole  com- 
modities to  yll/onee  market,  which  is  four 
leagues  beyond  Great  Acra  northward,  for 
the  ^/ii(/wr  people,  who  relbrt  thither  three 
times  a  week  ;  as  do  other  Blacks  from  the 
country  of  Ahonee,  Aquamhor,  and  /Iquime- 
}\i,  who  all  buy  thole  goods  of  the  Acra 
nun,  at  fuch  rates  as  they  think  fit  to  put 
upon  ihcm,  the  king  refuling  to  permit 
thofe  ftr.'.ngers  to  go  down  themfclves  to 
the  huropcan  warehoufes  on  the  coall  ;  lor 
which  realon,  t\\oit  B'.ach  pay  often  double 
the  value  for  what  they  buy.  The  king  has 
there  an  overfeer,  who  has  the  power  to 
let  the  price  on  all  goods,  between  L.  ^er 
and  feller.  This  general  overfeer  is  aflilled 
by  feveral  officers  to  aft  for  him,  where  he 
cannot  be  prefent  himfelf.  Thofe  employ- 
ments are  much  fought  after  there,  as  being 
both  honourable  and  advantageous  1  be- 
caufe,  both  the  king's  and  their  perquifites 
are  very  confiderable. 


tltnlf  nf 


The  principal  town  of  Great  Acra  lies  a-iici- 
bom  lour  leagues  up   the  country,  at  thc^'"» 
loot  of  the  hilly  land,    which  Is  lecn  at  a 
great  diflance  off  at  ha. 

The  land,  from  the  fealhore,  to  abou  Kr. 
thrci  leagues  inland,  is  pretty  level  and  even, 
and  a  good  fporting  (;roui:d  f<v  hares,  rab- 
bits, Iquinels,  wiliUboars,  red  and  fallow 
deer,  wild  go.its,  ]iintado  hens,  and  other 
fowl.  What  large  and  fmiill  cattle  they 
liavc,  is  broii('j  from  I.abiiJt;  at  a  (mall 
dillance  callwanl.  T-icrc  is  fuch  plenty 
of  hares  among  Ihrubs  and  bulhes,  whiih 
grow  vei  thick,  that  the  Blacks  kill  them 
with  flicks,  and  the  Europeans  take  them 
with  fpaniels  •,  but  their  tlefh  is  \     y  inlipid. 

The  foil  is  a  pale  red  and  fat  mould,  pro-si,!. 
dueing  little  Or  no  fruit,  and  very  few  trees ; 
but  it  yields  yams,  and  feveral  liirts  of  beans 
and  peafe.     The  country   beyond    the  flat 
is  hilly. 

It  is  worth  obferving,  that  in  the  flat -ini./.i,,', 
country,  beyond  the  E.uropean  forts,  there 
are  abundance  of  ants  ncds,  which  thole  in- 
dullriou'' inliiUs  have  rais'd  above  the  reft 
of  the  ground  in  a  mofl  ama'/ing  manner, 
feveral  ol  theni  rifing  like  fugarlo.ives,  three 
foot  high,  or  better:  of  which,  I  fhall  here- 
after Ipeak  more  at  large.  Thefe  anthills, 
not  imi'roiierly  deferviiig  to  be  cali'd  tur- 
rets, look,  at  a  diflance,  like  the  fait  heaps 
in  the  ille  of  Rbe  in  Eran^e,  at  the  beginning 
of  the  falt-feafon. 

Tht  Jil.icks  here  do  not  much  regard  fifli-Rjij^,, 
ing,  or  boiling  of  lalt,  tho  the  tountry  af-rfi^r.u 
fords  great  plenty  of  it  i  leaving  that  alto- 
gether to  the  others  along  the  coad,  who 
neverthelefs  find  time  enough  to  trade  with 
the  Europtiin  fliips  repairing  to  their  roads. 

I  have  already  taken  notice,  that  thef; 
people  are  continually  at  war  with  fome  one 
or  other  of  their  neighbours;  it  mufl  not  be 
therefore  concluded,  tliat  they  m.ake  it  their 
whole  employment,  but  only  one  part  of  it. 
All  the  Blacks  in  gen'  r.il  are  fbldiers,  as  long 
as  the  war  lads,  if  they  are  able  to  bear 
arms,  or  have  any  given  them  by  their  chiefs ; 
but  as  foon  as  the  war  is  ended,  every  man 
rcti  ;is  to  his  peculiar  employment.  Among 
the  i.nuTmen,  there  are  but  few  foldiers,  be- 
caule  they  living  under  the  proteftion  of  the 
torts,  are  not  fo  frequently  attack'd  by  the 
enemies,  and  therefore  f'eldom  provided  with 
arms. 

The  BLuks,  who  are  of  a  turbulent  na- 
ture, and  do  not  care  to  live  without  war, 
when  they  wa.it  employment  in  th'  ir  own 
country,  becaufe  it  is  at  peace,  go  ferve  in 
any  other  neighbouring  country  where  there 
is  war ;  and  thefe  are  more  particularly 
accounted  fbldiers  by  profeflloii. 

Before  I  leave  Acra,  I  mufl  warn  failors 
to  weigh  their  anchors  in  the  road  every 
two  or  three  days,  becaufe  the  ground  being 

full 


i..:lf  10  lull    ol' 

'■••'•■       t.it:  C.il) 

1)1-  Min.' 

.1  llj'.el 

llier  Ihi 

rlio  fani 

wliieli  { 

nii^hi,  I 

till>'/.' 

and  the 

il.L'  wim 

Me^,  ail 

fiitiie  to 

V.  iiich  ii 

weather 

In  ih 

Wiild    .TH 

days  1)  t 

tin  till  ■ 

does  .iltc 

The  km 
The 
tory 
\  am] 
Kiiai 
Ae.ii 


I 


■S  foi 

1  li'iun 
thai  it  fc 
t  ilvcn  of 
C.ajl,  bu 
twixt  A,i 
<i:ie  leagu 
which  Ipa 
L:waJt\ 
(iielofed  V 
tion  is  pic, 
plains,  'j 
are  gene; 
ground, 
Iwine,  w! 
then  fiit  ai 
(Wd  Coaji 
Jin.fic.  'J 
i!i.  ir  own 
I'elves  to 
iiio;i!;  tliei 
of.  "The 
king. 

■DYthe. 
•"  the  E> 

li-ariiig  til 
h  ■,  and  hi 
dance  on  t 
it  over  the 
l.iults  are  1 
country   b 

V  o  I,,  y 


CuAl'.  II.  ^-W//j' 0/"SOUTII-GUINKA. 


18^ 


lull  i)i  luiL -doner.,  ilic  huny  rnjvs,  mil 
t  It:  cal)!i->  .iri^' .il't  lo  lu  nit,  alioiit  fi[  lit 
()!•  iiiiv.'  loot  '"'111  'li'  an  li';'.  lliiis  wc  loll 
.1  Ili'.ct-.iiKhiir  III  ili.u  roi'l ;  .iml  inmy  o- 
tlv.r  Iliii's  ti.l'Jic  .vnJ  .ifur  iik-,  I)  ivl-  li.ni 
•  lio  Unic  lull  111'-.  'lin-'  tVi.'ll)  o\V.  g.ilvs, 
whiiii  gciuT.illy  IjIjv;  iVDin  moriunj^  rill 
nij^lit.  fXtcpt  ill  tlur.iiiiy  riMloii,  Iroiii  .V/dy 
iill  >'  jt:m''i:i\  t.iulV  ill'.'  Il.i  to  fwi-ll  lii'Ji, 
;iii<.l  till- tii.il' li-'tting  I'.illw.iiil  vjry  rapkl  wuli 
il.j  ssiiui,  Ihip'  worl.  viT}'  Ii.ikI  on  tlie  i.i- 
bk'.,  .nil  ivml.  rit  wry  iri!n)iis  aivltronhlc- 
lb  IK'  10  (;('t  \\\i  til ;  author  in  ilu'  ilay  time  \ 
wIiIlIi  is  iiui^h  calii'r  iluiK  iii  tlit  iiiylit,  iliu 
ttvathcr  b.    ,i;  calm  r. 

Ill  iliL"  Wit  llMliiii,  tlv.'  title  fcts  as  the 
vvinil  .Til  moon  rule  it.  lor  <wo  or  i  hive 
il.iys  b  li)rc  ami  al  ti.r  tlu- niw  .111(1  lull  moon, 
till  till  lets  up  to  ihr  wcllwanl,  .w  it  alio 
ii,<.K^  .ilitr  it  has  blown  hard  at  N  \L.  wnA 


I'.NI''.,  anil  the  winil  ri;turn';  to  SSVV.  ami  Hmuidi' 
SVV.    Then  the  liJc,  lor  twenty-tour  lioiiis,  ^•0/''^i' 
Will  inn  upw.iiils  a<;ainlt  the  v. iml,  as  has 
bicii   loiiiul    by  experience,    lyin;;   lielorc 
Cor.o,   .Inwuiho,  Cnriiuiitin,  ami  /I  ru. 

The  king  ,iml  thiel  Illacki  of  ylcia  were,  R,vi 
in  my  time,  very  rich  in  (laves  ami  (;olit,  B!jtki. 
through  the  vail  tr.ule  the  natives  Jrove  with 
the  /■.uro/eaiis  on  the  coall,  ami  the  nn[<,k- 
bourinij,  nations  u[i  the  country.  'I'helb 
people,  in  their  (lourinnnj;  pe.Rel'ul  times, 
pofl'jl's  more  wealth  tli.in  moll  ot  thole  be- 
tiire  I'pokcnor  put  to^iitlv.  r  ;  an.l  yei  ihel'e 
iiitivesot  //,;.;  being  much  aikliitci!  towai'i 
with  th'  ir  inveterate  encmiis  tlie  Jfuimboes, 
have  been  at  i.ill  overcome  by  them,  rtiul 
their  country  ruinM  and  finally  rciluccii  to 
a  province  in  the  years  i6So  and  lOSi,  as 
has  been  mentioned  in  its  place. 


C  H  A  1\     Xt. 

Tic  kingdom  of  Lilvidc  (Ifiribcd.  That  <?/Ningo.  Of  the  inUnd  countries. 
'The  kingdoms  of  l(!;wira.  (licit  Incairaii.  Incadi.i-Iggin.i.  Thi'  terri- 
tory »/  iabt-'ii.  Tie  kingdom  of  Adorn  \  and  countries  of  Mompa,  \\  aflalis, 
A.inipii,  Q.iiy-l''oro,  H^noc,  Atti,  Accaiiy,  Ak.iin,  Aqua,  Sanquoy,  Ahoncc, 
KiialiDi.',  'I'aloc,  .Mtocra,  Ciliakoc,  Canmiaiutii,  iionoc,  Kquca,  Lataby, 
Af.iiai.iv,  and  ha'^.'^o. 


1;!} 


al" 


wntry  3.^-nt,iuii. 


r,  A  n  A  o  i;    /;:l!^!',IH, 

I.S  lo  lin.ill  .iml  iii.-onliilcr.ible,  tin' whole 
I  iri  umk  reiue  ol  it  beiiij/,  but  lour  le.if^ui  s, 
that  it  (i  aive  del^Mves  any  iiotiee  fliould  bj 
taken  ol  ii,  in  this  dellription  of  [hcdf.lJ 
C'.ajl,  but  lorits  toui  hiiigii|i()n  the  lea,  be- 
twixt /Lrd  and  Nii-o,  iiiid  that  only  lor 
(i:ie  league  in  leii^fili  al.-mjj;  the  lliore  i  in 
which  Ipace  there  are  two  villaf^es  Oiihu,  and 
l.MiiJi:  This  kill  is  a  kui^e  |.i)|hi1ous place, 
(iklofed  with  a  dry  llone-wall.  'I'hefitua- 
tion  is  plcalani,  betwixt  line  meadows  and 
jilains.  The  inh.i'iitants  of  boih  villag.s 
are  [generally  hul^iiidnien,  tilling  their 
C!,rouiKl,  and  lookinL";  to  their  llieep  and 
fwiiie,  which  they  bring  Iroin  I.,t\  jioor, 
then  fat  ami  I'ell  them  to  the  ^K•o()le  of  the 
G'JilCoajl,  and  at  ./.;■,«,  with  eonrultrablc 
jin-fic.  They  make  lalt  of  the  lla-water  tor 
i!i.  ir  own  ufe  •,  but  f -vv  ol  them  apply  them- 
IcKcs  to  trade,  which  is  iiiconliderable  a- 
ii:o;i[;  them,  as  liaviii;;  little  gi)ld  to  difpoll; 
of.     The  country  is  yoveni'd  by  its  petty 


Imi,  Ii- 


7'bc  k'.i:gilcm  vf  \  i  n  c  o, 
13  Y  i\k  Fn'iicb,  is  call'd  l.niui;  and,  by 
the  F.vgli//.',  .lliunjo:  \  the  prince  of  it 
Iv.aring  the  title  ol  kiir',  ol'  La.ii'ii^aur,  tlio' 
h  •,  and  his  fubjefts,  have  an  entire  dcpcii- 
(.'..inceon  the  kmg  oi  .l-iiumhc,  who  lords 
It  over  them  f )  .iblbhit:  I/,  that  the  llighteft 
f.ults  are  often  p'jr.illiM  witli  death.  This 
toiintry  borders  \\\llward  on  Lal'iule  ami 
V  o  1,.  V. 


Great  Am,  at  Eqnea  ;  caftwani,  on  Soi:i}  s 
and  foiithward,  on  th .  fea  ni  Guir.eii;  ex- 
tending about  thinc.n  leagues  along  the 
coall  N  E  by  V..  from  l.abad'  to  Lay.  Its 
principal  villages  on  the  coall,  are  Ningo 
the  Lcjj'er,  'titni,  C'lncbo,  Brambro,  Pom- 
j'Ciidov  PoiDiw  Creat  Niiign,  Lay  ov  /llanpy, 
and  O  ca,  all  birrVl  places,  and  very  difit- 
eult  to  land  at. 

I  Ihall  confine  myfelf  to  (peak  only  of 
Ciniho,  Gri-al  Nmgn.,  and  Z,jy,  which  arc 
generally  pl.ices  of  commerce,  the  otiiers 
having  little  or  none;  tlio'  in  1080,  the 
Dutcl:  ufed  to  trade  to  Tt-m.i  or  ■li'min.i. 

Cincho  is  five  leagues  cafl  from  /kra,  a  Cmrho 
place  reported  to  from  the  beginning  of  the '^'""a'- 
lall  century  -,  tho'  now  the  inhabitants  ap- 
ply themfelves  iirich  to  filliing,  to  fupply 
the  market  at  ^fre,  which  is  a  large  town 
iiji  the  inland,  lor  whith  they  pay  no  duty 
to  ihr  king.  The  Blacks  here  commonly 
buy  much  liniien,  and  lever.d  lorts  of  cloth 
lorihe  country  trade-,  as  do  all  the  other 
inhabitants  ol  the  coall,  from  hence  to  A*;'; 
(la  I  oila.  Their  language  difiers  from  that 
of  /Lia.  The  land  atVords  plenty  of  pro- 
vilions,  iind  abundance  ot  fine  large  oranges. 

Gli-.it  Niiigo  lies  live  leagues  larther  eafl ^^^.^.j^ 
again,  and  can  Karce  be  teen  from  the  road,  Ningo, 
no  more  than  Cuubo  ;  nor  does  the  land  af- 
ford any  notable  mark  to  know  it  by,  be- 
fides  the  high  mount  call'd  Kf.loialo,  (landing 
due  north  from  Lay  up  the  country,  which 
B  b  b  being 


1  iK!|C''i"' 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


'^*>" 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  MSSO 

(716)  872-4503 


■^ 


i:'      'I 


I'''!  I' 


V].* 


S'i 


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^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  IJi  I  Chap. 


Lay  lii 
lagt. 


Ctift,  and 
ftrani. 


Bauhot.  king  brought  to  bear  north  as  you  go  from 
^^"V^  Ciiicbo,  you  will  be  then  cxadly  in  Ningo 
roaiii  whlihwill  be  confirm'il  by  the  inha- 
bitants, who  commonly  ufo  to  come  out  in 
(Mnofsasioon  asthty  difcovcra  tail  coming 
from  the  wcftwanl.  This  place  Ibmctinics 
afTorils  a  brisk  trade  of  fluves  and  gold,  for 
loefvelts,  printed  callicofs,  i£c.  The  gold 
is  generally  brought  to  the  Blacks  of  A';'«?o 
and  Las  fiom  l-^uikot,  a  country  lying  a- 
bove  them  up  tlie  inland,  and  abouniling 
in  that  precious  metal.  The  Blmki  of  this 
village,  and  the  country  about  it,  drive  a 
trade  of  cattle,  which  they  fatten  in  their 
pafture  grountis  -,  and  cither  the  Golil  Coafi 
Blacks  comi-  for  it,  or  they  carry  it  along 
the  faid  coalt,  and  to  //f/M,  where  they 
make  thirty  trOwns  of  a  bullock. 

The  town  of  Las  is  two  leagues  eaft  from 
Cleat  Niiigo,  and  appears  from  the  roati  at 
NNW.  of  mount  Raloiido,  fix  leagues  up 
Plate  ly.  the  country,  as  may  be  feen  by  the  profpert 
thereof  in  the  cut  here  adjoin'd.  The 
mount  is  very  large,  and  in  the  fliape  of  a 
fugar-loaf. 

The  fhore  about  Lay,  is  all  nothing  but 
high  fteepclifFs  near  the  Tea,  in  feveral  pla- 
ces rent  afunder,  and  in  fome,  adorn'd  with 
palm  and  other  trees  at  fome  diftancc  from 
each  other;  and  before  the  cliffs  runs  a  fine 
white  iandy  itrand  of  a  moderate  breadih. 

Thetown  Hands  on  theafcentofa  little  hill, 
looking  towards  the  north,  fo  that  very  few 
ot  the  houfes  can  be  feen  from  the  ro.iil.  The 
inhabitants  are  pretty  civil  and  fair  ir.iders, 
but  fo  fufpicious,  that  they  will  (iarce  ven- 
ture aboard  any  Ihips  vitiiout.  hoftagcs  firll 
lent  afhore. 

When  the  Jgii.'jmioei  arc  at  war  with  the 
jiihim  RLuks,  thele  [leopU-  have  a  confidera- 
ble  number  ot  gooii  ll.ives  to  dii'pofe  of ; 
for  whilft  tiiole  two  inland  nations  make 
war,  mod  of  the  prifoners  are  convey 'd  to 
Ldy  and  .itra,  and  fold  to  the /'.'f^r(?/'<'^/;.(, 
who  relbrt  thither.  The  Acbim  Blacks  com- 
monly carry  their  prifoners  to  Lo'j,  and  the 
/fqim!i:hoi-i,  theirs  to  Ara,  where  they  fell 
them  to  Kurnpraiis  for  cauris  or  bouges, 
Hiyes,  pcrpetuanas,  coefvelt  rloths,  fliziger 
linnen,  bugles  red  and  yellow,  knives,  fire- 
locks, powder,  chints,  lalampores,  tf< . 

One  ^ciHti,  a  famous  Black,  iiled  to  ma- 
nage the  commerce  by  the  king  of  Lay's  a\)- 
pointment ;  he  fettled  the  prices  of  flaves 
according  to  their  fex  and  age,  as  alio  of  the 
European  goods ;  then  holtages  being  gi- 
ven on  both  fides,  he  fends  the  (laves  aboard 
the  fhips  by  degrees,  as  they  arc  brought 
down  from  the  inlaiul  country  to  the  town, 
and  receives  goods  ti^om  the  Europeans  in 
proportion  to  the  number  of  Blaiks  fliippM 
oft" at  each  time,  and  thus  a  Hup  is  often  fiir- 
nifh'd  with  four  or  five  hundred  Blacks  in  a 
fortnight  or  three  weeks.     In  nw  time,  a 


Ktihis 
jttltns. 


U'»)  of 
trading 


pood  male  flave  might  be  bought  there  from 
fifty-five  to  lixty  pounds  of  cauris  or  lliells, 
and  Ibmetimes  they  advanced  to  feventy. 

The  J-'rench,  Kiiglijh,  and  Portugiieu'  ihlp'. 
ply  moft  at  this  coafl,  to  purchale  (laves 
and  provillons.  Notwithflanding  the  great 
nuinbers  of  (laves  I  have  mentioned  to  be 
tranl|x)rted  from  thele  parts,  it  fometimis 
happens,  when  the  inland  country  is  at  peace, 
that  there  are  none  a:  all;  as  it  happen'd 
to  me  in  the  year  i6fi2,  when  having 
lain  three  days  before  Lay,  I  could  not 
get  one,  nor  was  there  any  likelihood  of 
it  at  that  time,  as  the  abovenuntioned  Black 
Sauli  told  me  ;  and  yet,  but  two  months 
before  my  arrival  there,  one  of  the  tmn  of 
war  of  our  little  fquadron  got  three  hundreil 
(laves  in  a  very  fliort  time,  which  fliows  that 
the  trade  is  very  uncertain. 

The  inhabitants  of  Ningo  and  La\  have  a 
good  trade  at  Spice,  a  large  inland  town. 
I'hey  have  alio  a  peculiar  way  of  catching 
fifli  in  the  night-time;  along  the  flrand,  by 
means  of  round  wicker  bafkcts  faftened  co 
long  poles,  holding  the  pole  in  one  hand, 
and  in  the  other,  a  lighted  torch,  made  ot 
a  fort  of  fierce  burning  wood.  The  fifli  ge- 
nerally make  tow.inls  the  light,  and  lb  are 
taken  in  the  bafkets.  Among  other  forts  ot 
fifh  taken,  there  are  extraordinary  large 
thornbacks. 

The  belt  riding  before  Lay,  is  when  mount 
Redoiido  hears  NNW.  the  ground  Iandy 
mixt  with  very  I'mall  ftones. 

The  country  oi  Ningo,  Ltmpy,  or  Alampoe, 
is  flat  and  low,  populous  and  fertile,  and 
partiiularly  (bored  with  cattle,  viz.  cows, 
Iheep,  and  Iwine,  befides  poultry,  which 
arc  continually  bought  up  there,  to  be  car- 
ry'dulong  \.hcGo!t/ Ceafl. 

The  filhery  on  the  \\:i  is  inronfiderable, 
beciule  the  fliore  is  high  and  difficult  of  ae- 
ce(s  ;  but  the  want  of  tea-fifli  is  abundantly 
made  amends  for  by  the  great  plenty  there 
is  in  lakes  and  rivers. 

Of  I  be  la  I.  AS  n  Countries, 
TLJ.'^ving,  from  my  firlUntering  upon  this 
*  ■*  work,  relblv'd  to  give  a  compleat  de- 
fcription of  iVor/A  and  South  Guinea,  as  far 
as  it  is  known  to  us  -,  I  now,  in  purfuance 
thereof,  defign  to  give  fbme  fhort  account 
of  the  inland  countries  lying  farther  up  above 
thofe  of  the  GvldCo.ijl  already  defcribcdi 
tho'  in  treating  of  the  maritime  countries, 
Ibmething  has  been  occafionally  faid  of  the 
others,  as  matters  offer'd  themlclves ;  and 
in  the  map  of  the  Gold  Coaft,  I  have  given 
the  pofition  of  the  moft  noted  inland  coun- 
tries. 

I  ilefiie  the  reader  will  accept  of  what  I 
ofter  in  good  part,  and  put  the  befl  con- 
(huftion  upon  it,  if  any  thing  (houid  feem 
to  liiin  extravag'iWit  or  prepofterous,  none 

ot 


■"!» 


imi. 


Cutli. 


iooKlnl   Chap.  II.         Coafts  ojT  South-Guinea. 


rr  troin 

•  lliellb, 

enty. 

(•/('■  l)ii[i<. 

L-  flavcs 

ic  greiit 

:d  to  be  '■'■•'•"  •" 

iietimcs 

t  peace, 

appcnM 

having 
uld  not 
hood  of 
cii  Black 

month'! 

nun  of 
hundred 
ows  that 


IS  have  a 


Ti%tt 


catching 
rand,  by 
Itencd  to 
ne  hand, 

made  ot 
le  fifh  ga- 
nd  ib  arc 
er  forts  ot 
iry  huge 

len  mount  B,^,„j 
ind  iandy 

|r  Alampoe,  cmli. 

rtile,  and 

z.  cows, 

which 

be  car- 

iderable, 

:ult  of  ac- 

indantly 

ity  there 


I  E  s. 

upon  this 

ipleat  de- 

rrt,  as  far 

purfuance 

account 

up  above 

lefcribcd  v 

;ountrics, 

lid  of  ilie 

ivcsv  and 

ive  given 

ind  coun- 

^f  what  I 
Ibeft  con- 
luid  fccm 
lui,  none 
ot 


187 


of  the  Kurni'i-aiif  dwelling  along  the  coall, 
having  ever  ventured  far  up  the  land,  that 
\  could  iK'ar  ol  ;  ib  that  what  account  can 
he  given  of  it,  is  taken  from  the  moft  intel- 
litrent  Rldiks,  particularly  as  to  the  remoiell: 
countries,  it  being  extraordinary  difficult 
and  dangerous,  if  not  altogether  impolTible, 
fir  Ki'i-oiwiiis  to  venture  fo  (ar  into  fuch  wild 
l.iv;i"e  counirics,  where  ihc  roaeis  are,  for 
the  moll  pan,  narrow  ami  hard  to  find,  be- 
in''  in  moll  parts  hid  with  woods,  and  over- 
grown with  (hrubs :  bcfidcs,  being  every 
where  pefter'd  with  robbers,  in  many  places 
quite  defart,  without  any  dwellings  or  llib- 
(illance  to  be  found,  or  any  carriage  of  hor- 
les,  carts,  or  the  like  i  all  which,  together 
with  the  treacherous  difpofition  of  the  inha- 
bitants, and  the  excelTive  heat  of  the  days 
in  the  lummer-feafon,  being  the  propereft 
time  for  travelling,  and  the  continual  heavy 
rai.is  in  the  winter,  is  in  my  opinion  fufficient, 
adding  the  danger  of  ravenous  wild  bealts, 
wifich  fwarm  in  thofe  countries,  to  deter  the 
boldeft  and  moft  relblute  man  from  under- 
taking fuch  journeys,  efpecially  confidering 
they  are  to  be  perform'd  a-foor. 

To  proceed  methodically  in  this  dcfcrip- 
tion,  I  mull  return  to  the  beginning  of  the 
Gold  Coajl,  as  far  as  Aiiine,  which  I  take 
to  be  near  Adonu  the  firft  on  the  Cold  Coajl. 
The  BLtch  of  that  country  ufually  return 
large  quantities  of  fine  and  pure  gold  to  (/"- 
finy,  and  otlier  parts  along  the  coalt,  T!iey 
are  very  civil,  and  the  fairell  dealers  of  all 
tiic  Jl'.ub  ;  lb  that  it  is  a  pleafure  to  trade 
witii  them. 


VmhianJ 
vtilth. 


Ini^i'd. 


The  kingdom    of  I  c;  w  i  r  a  , 

OOrders  foutiiward  on  that  of  .-//lyw  or 
*^  .-Ixim,  anil  I,:t!le  IncajJjK  ;  northward, 
on  Great  Incaffdn  ;  and  eall ward,  on  Mom- 
f.!.  It  is  accounted  extraordinary  rich  in 
^old,  and  thatofthe  purell  fort,  commonly 
thiy;  out  of  the  ground,  or  taken  from 
the  bottom  of  rivers,  moft  whereof  come 
down  in  fmall  tlreams  or  torrents  from  the 
vaft  high  hills,  feparating  Iiicajf.m  and  4''- 
;u.--,;,  which  ftreams  are  form'd  by  the  ex- 
redive  rains  of  the  wet  fcafon,  walhing  the 
i^roimd,  and  carrying  down  what  gold  lies 
nc.ir  the  furface  of  the  earth  ;  and  the  ri- 
vers of  Igtv:r.'  being  all  choak'd  with  rocks 
and  falls,  bearing  away  the  mould  with  great 
fwiftnefs,  the  rich  metal  which  is  among  it, 
by  its  natural  weight  finks  to  the  bottom, 
and  tor  the  moft  part  among  the  aforelaid 
rdcks  and  falls ;  where  the  Blaiks  commonly 
dive  tor  it,  becaufe  there,  in  procefs  of  time, 
It  gathers  into  little  heaps. 

Moft  of  this  fine  I^ujirn  gold  is  tonvey'd 
to  jixim,  or  to  IJfeny,  as  occafion  offers ; 
for  which  reafon,  thofe  two  maritime  places 
have  generally  the  fincft  gold  of  all  the 
coaft  i  either  bccaufc  it  palfes  through  few 


hands  before  it  conies  thither,  /ijctvVii  con  R.vRiuvr 
lining  on  thofe  ti-rritorics  ;  or,  fiir  that  the  ^yy^ 
Blacks  in  general  arc  more  lioniit:,  and  lelii 
covetous  than  at  many  o'iier  trading  places 
on  the  coaft,  wlitre  il.e  myd'Ty  ol  adulte- 
rating gold,  is  known  to  pcrf(Liion. 

Two  Blacks  of  C'.  nirifuja  went  Ibmc  years  nuifi'i  i» 
ago  into  Ig-xira,  with /•.';."•, /<■.;«  goods,  to'"'-''""^' 
trade,  and  made  a  very  |^ood  hand  of  them, 
as  they  reported  -,  but  the  roads  between 
Commoulo  and  that  country,  being  very  fcl- 
dom  free  from  robbers,  and  tl'.e  diltancc 
great,  and  feveral  nations  being  in  the  way, 
which  always  guard  th'j  pAfl(.s  through  their 
liberties,  and  extort  heavy  duties  tor  the 
liberty  of  trading :  thele  tilings,  I  fiy,  con- 
fider'd,  there  are  few  who  care  tu  venture 
frequently  between  C'linmfndo  and  Jgwini. 

I  obferv'd,  in  thedcl'cription  of  the  n\cr 
Cohra  near  Axit/i,  that  the  Pcrt!i\:t!ejl',  in 
former  times,  made  a  confideiable  advan- 
tage of  their  trade  in  this  /x'-uita  country. 
How  the  D.v/r/j  fadlory  at  //xim,  having 
driven  the  Portiiguejc  from  thence,  manages 
that  affair  now,  is  a  fecret  to  all  the  world 
befides  themfelvcs ;  but  it  is  beyond  all 
doubt,  that  they,  who  are  fuch  cunning  tra 
ders,  muft  find  a  very  confiderabls  return 
there. 

The  kinf^dom  of  G  v.  t.  at  INCASSA^f 
TT  AS  tor  its  boundary,  on  the  Ibuth,  that 
■*^  of  I^wha  i  on  the  eaft,  thofe  of /^^y- 
fabs  and  I'tinqui :  and  unknown  countries  on 
the  weft.  The  natives  of  it,  are  almoft  un- 
known on  the  Gold  Coajl,  only  a  few  of  them 
now  and  then  coming  down  through  the 
country  of  Mom,  to  tr.ide  at  Little  Com- 
Mciido  or  fffcny  ;  and  oftner  to  the  latter,  as 
being  much  nearer  to  them  than  the  other, 

I'be  kingdom  <;/  I  n  c  a  s  s  i  a    I  <;  u  i  n  a. 


v\. 


O 


N  the  fouth,  reaches  to  that  of  Great 
Iticdjfan  ;  on  the  eaft,  to  thofe  of  It  aj - 
fabs  wn'M'anqui  •■,  but  to  what  parts  it  ex- 
tends north  and  weft,  I  could  not  learn.  The 
natives  have  no  manner  of  correfpondencc 
with  the  EurofCiiiis  at  the  coaft  ;  and  there- 
fore it  is  c|uite  unknown  beyond  the  next 
neighbouring  nations. 

'■rke  little  territory  of  T  a  n  zv 
■.\S  A>!ta  on  the  Ibuth;  Jdcm  on  the 
weft  and  north  ;  and  Commeiido  or 
Guaffo  on  the  eaft  ;  being  feparatcd  there 
from  it  by  a  little  river.  I'hc  Blacks  ofTa- 
beu  drive  their  trade  with  the  Dutfb  at  S.wta, 
carrying  thither  corn,  poultry,  fruit,  plants, 
and  other  things  of  the  produft  of  their 
country .  The  Porliigttefe  of  Mina  ufed  tbr- 
merly  to  draw  the  fubfiftance  of  their  gari- 
fcin  from  thence,  as  well  as  from  the  coun- 
try of  Jxim. 

t  Iht 


H 


:i'' 


iiilii 


liV 


■n,"'' 


iKi 


iiiu. 


k?i;j  ': 


liiiilT 


i..!: 


■.   ff'H 


I'f 


188 


y^  Dcfcriptiojt  of  the 


Book  III.  Ichap. 


\^*/\i  The  KingJam  of  A  n  o  m 

IJAS  Tr.heii  ctn  the  wcfl,  G";m/^  on  the 
■'■  *  louth,  li'iiff.ibi  on  till-  north,  iiinl  A- 
liraiiihoe  on  the  !•'.  N  I'..  'I'hc  Blacki  of  this 
country  generally  turn  their  tr.ulc  to  L.'.tlU 
Cimi/iiHiio,  wlii'n  the  p.ilfcs  arc  no:  open, 
anil  the  rocks  dear  from  robbers  between 
them  and  the  coail,  either  to  A\im  or  Bou- 
trof,  whither  they  otherwife  relort. 

The  Country  «/"  M  o  m  p  a, 
TS  utterly  unknown,    hut  laid  to  extend 
■*•   willward  to  l^ivira  ;  northward  to  Great 
Jiiiiijj'iii,    ll'^itff.ibs  and  Amiii  ;    and  call- 
ward  to  Aula. 

That  of  \Va  s  s  a  II  s, 
IT  A  S  Vniiqui  on  t!ic  north  ;  ^^ly-Foro 
■*•  and  //hamboe  on  the  call  -,  Great  In- 
Citifiin  on  tiie  weft,  and  huaJJia-f\i^hiu  on 
the  north- wtfl.  It  is  famous  tor  the  great 
ijuaniity  ot"  gold  brought  out  ol'  it,  tho' 
it  has  but  few  rivers ;  and  therefore  fome 
f  ly  the  natives  bring  that  metal  from  other 
remoier  parts.  The  land  is  generally  bar- 
ren, and  produces  nothing  confiderable, 
whieh  i-  the  reafon  that  moll  of  the  iiiha- 
Mt.mts  make  it  their  chief  bufuitfs  to  gather 
[Mild,  to  purehafe  Eurol'can  goods,  and  fo 
drive  a  traile  with  their  neighbours. 

The  Tirrilon  of  Va  s  nj.'  r, 

TS  bounded  on  the  w.fl  by  Inaiffa-I^iiir, 
■*•  on  the  fouth  by  IFiVfabs ;  on  the  north 
by  Rome.  The  natives  have  the  art  of 
weaving  fine  fluffs  with  gold,  which  they 
fell  to  the  people  of  Accmy,  who  again  fell 
them  to  the  Arabs,  inhabiting  about  the  t.i- 
mous  river  Ni^er,  as  alio  to  the  people  of 
G'..'^;  and  ,M.;;/i,  north  of  them. 

The  Kiir^dom  of  A  Q_i/  a  .m  n  o  e, 
TJ'Xtends  to  AJom, \nd  [K:Jfubs  on  the  weflj 
•*"^  to  Guaffo  on  the  fouih  ;  to  Auany  on 
tlie  north  •,  to  Atty  on  the  call,  .and  to  l-clii 
on  the  fouth-wefV.  'Tis  a  very  populous 
country,andof  great  commerce;  great  num- 
bers of  the  natives  conflantly  reforting  to 
Mruree  to  exchange  their  gold  tor  linncn 
and  iron  1  and  fome  of  them  kecj)  their 
families  there  altogether,  aifling  tlicnilelves 
as  brokers  for  many  of  their  countrymen, 
who  are  confiderable  dealers. 

Tliefe  Aquamboei  are  naturally  brave,  re- 
folute  and  warlike,  and  for  the  mofl  part  ac 
variance  with  the  Accanef-,  by  whom  t.icy 
for  many  years  pall  had  been  mucii  in- 
fefled  1  they  having  made  feveral  inroads 
into  Ajuamboe,  deftroying  all  with  fire  and 
fword.  They  are  now  at  peace,  whii  h  'tis 
likily  will  not  laft  long,  there  being  luch  a 
natural  averfion  to  each  other, 


T^ 


'Tbe  Land  <f  Ql'Y-Foro, 
"Ouches  U'liffahs  wcflward ;  Abramhoe 
louthw  ird  ;  Jki.'oe  northward  ;  and  Ac 
any  e.illward.  '  lis  a  very  barren  country, 
and  the  people  generally  of  a  Imall  capacity 
.uid  fimple,  having  no  trade  on  the  coall. 

7hat  of  B  o  N  o  E , 
D  I'-achcs  wefhvard  to  ^'anqui ;  fouthward 
to  ii^iiy-Foro  ;  tall  ward  to  Ad  any  and 
/;.'/  /.     The  natives  never  go  down  to  tlic 
coall  any  more  than  tliofr  of  Alonifa. 

7'be  Territory  of  Atti, 
T  T  A  S  Ahramboc  on  the  weft,  FetK,  Saboit 
*^  and  Fantin,  on  the  fouth,  and  Duboeon 
the  north.  Thefe  peo()le  IkhI  f()rmerly  a 
great  trade  with  the  DiiuL;  but  being  em- 
puverilh'd,  and  aluioll  cxliaufted  by  their 
long  wars  againll  Sabou,  their  in, tin  cm- 
p^loyinent  now  is  tillage,  the  country  being 
naturally  very  fertile.  They  have  fome  for: 
of  dejiendance  on  Accany,  whole  inhabitants 
can  hinder  them  from  trading  on  the  coall, 
when  they  think  it  for  their  .ulvantage,  and 
they  are  a  people  I'ufficicntly  inclinetl  to  en- 
grofsall  the  tratfitk  of  thofe  countries.  To 
this  elVcft,  they  have  fettled  a  great  market 
at  Acciuiy,  on  certain  appointed  days  in 
tlie  year,  whither  a  multitude  from  the 
neighbouring  countries  ufually  relorts  to 
buy  'iron,  which  the  Accanefc  bring  from 
the  coall. 


Tbe  Kingdom  of  Ace  a  n  v. 
S  commonly  diftinguifli'd   by   the  names 


T  ... 

■•■  ol  .l.iany-Griind:;  or  the  Great,  and  Ac- 
(ins-Pc^urno,  or  the  Little. 

Aicans-Pcqucno,  or  the  Little,  is  faid  tot/WiA; 
extend  on  the  well  to  fi^ijy-Foro  and  Binoe  i '■""*■ 
on  the  fouth  to  D.)/'o^,  Atti,  and  Abramboe; 
on  the  north  to  /«.',; ;  and  on  the  caft  to 
the  "kingdom  of  Akim,  or  Atchim.  The 
great  'own  of  Duboe  is  near  the  frontiers, 
next  to  Alti. 

Thefe  Auanefe  arc  famous  for  the  trade T-"' i'' 
they  drive  not  only  on  the  coall,  but  up 
the  inland.  Thefe  Blacks,  in  company  with 
thofe  of  Cahejlcrra,  a  country  between  tlieni 
and  Sal'oe,  uled  to  bring  down  the  gokl  of 
AJiiai.le  and  Akim,  together  with  fome  of 
their  own,  to  traiie  upon  the  toaft  ;  and 
that  which  they  fold  there,  was  fo  pure  and 
fine,  that  to  this  day  the  beft  gold  is  by 
the  Blacks  from  Commcndo  to  H^i.unba, 
called  Acwmy  Cbim,  or  Accany  gold  ;  bc- 
caufe  it  was  never  any  way  mixt,  like  tlut 
f)f    Dinkiar.. 

i'hele  people  are  naturally  of  a  turlnilent ;;:,,' ;.j 
tinper,  haughty  and  warlike,  whi.  h  mak'.sli:.  ^i. 
them  either  much  fe.u'd  or  loved,  by  their 
neighbours  round  about,  and  every  where 
eiitertain'd   coll- free  by  them,    when  they 

tr.ivel 


J  k-ittni 
I  an. 


travel  I 

weapoi 

Icr  am 

the  fill 

brambo 

and  n-.i 

Uirchnli.     The 

goods 

tlv  ir  11. 

Xabor,  t 

ing  the 

live  go' 

ritorie.s, 

of  then 

l'cr!::gii 

learnt  c 

t!i:^iirfe  I 

c('):ill. 

of  //./.'/■(. 

ii„-:r3        The  I 

■■■i.i'i     above  te 

and   fivi 

Cak'llm 

and  Alcc 

from   /^.i 

WIM.lin;^. 

in  travell 

they  go( 

will   not 

niency,  i« 

h  was 

I'lf ,  nmi 

iiir.i   i-,>|i 

iii  lioixici 

ti':at  its  p 

all  the  a 

of  .■/'/<j;,A 

I'otent  tii; 

'I'lie  in 

in  gold, 

as  what  t 

fort  where 

or    by  ir 

more  expc 

When 
and  open, 
getlier,  w 
tithcr  to 
Cffo  calif 
iifucs  wh( 

JWlIcS     h.l) 

country, 

which  me 

brifk   trad 

gold,  whe 

of  the  coal 

T\KDin 

but  too  o 

which   is 

ingredients 

fti-dl  panic 

'I'hc  ten 

a  modern  , 

fame,   is  h. 

Vol..  \ 


ookIII.  BChap.  h.        Coajlf  of  South-Guinea. 


189 


UirthMi. 


:.-;t  .m 


tr.nvl  througli  their  countries.  Tiicir  ufu;il 
wcMl'ons  arc  an  AJfigasa,  or  j;ivelin,  a  buck- 
ler ami  afcymitcr.  The  language  is  much 
ilic  fame  as  that  of  Fclii,  Atli,  i<'al>oe,  A- 
i>r<imlwi  anil  Faiitiit,  only  fomewhat  foftcr 
anil  more  agreeable  to  the  ear. 

The  Aicaiiefe  merciiaiits  carry  all  the 
jTOdils  they  buy  at  the  co.ill  by  lanil,  on 
ilv  ir  Ibvcs  baiKS,  '.o  the  ma  "<cis  at  yllli, 
Siil'Or,  anil  other  places  up  the  country,  p.iy- 
inif  the  iliitics  at  the  pailcs,  to  the  refpcc- 
live  j;overnors  of  thole  countries  ami  ter- 
ritoriis,  througli  which tiiey  travel.  Many 
oftiienican  lUll  fpeak  ibme  few  worils  of 
l'cr!::gii!''<'i  imil  'he  Lini^ua  irau.  i  they 
k'arnt  of  their  fore-t.ithcrs,  when  the  Poi- 
!:i:^iirfe  liul  the  whole  commerce  on  that 
lo.ill.  Tliis  Lingua  I'ranca  is  a  corruption 
of  ItjUiiii,  l.fltin,  Fren(b,  .inil  PorlKgtuy. 

The  country  n{' Diiikira,(jr  Diinkirii,  lies 
above  ten  lays  journey  by  land  from  .'Ixim, 
anil  five  from  Mum,  due  north,  having 
Cil'iiti'rni  on  the  c.ifl,  AJom  on  tiie  weft, 
and  //(iniiy  on  tiie  north.  The  ro.ids  to  it 
from  /t.xlm  and  Aiiii.i,  are  very  bad  and 
windin ;.',.  wiiiiii  mi'.kes  it  double  the  ililhir.ce 
ill  travelling  tiiither,  that  it  wuidd  b:,  were 
they  good  .uvi  !lr.;it :  whether  the  Blacks 
will  not  or  cannot  remedy  that  inconve- 
niency,  is  uncertain. 

It  w.is  formerly  a  country  of  a  fmnll  com- 
I'lf ,  and  not  very  po[)ulous  -,  but  the  na- 
liir.l  \  I fiur  ot  the  n.itiv.s  has  enlarged 
iij  boiiici:;,  and  raileil  its  power  fo  high, 
!l:at  Its  people  are  fear'd  and  honour'd  by 
all  the  nations  round  about,  except  thole 
ol  .•lji:ai;ti'  and  Aki.m,  who  are  llill  more 
potent  than  they. 

TIk?  inhabitants  of  D;«;t;>a  are  vallly  rich 
in  gold,  as  well  brought  from  other  parts 
as  what  their  own  mines  afford  ;  the  firit 
fort  whereof  they  get,  either  by  plunder, 
or  by  trade,  wherein  they  are  infinitely 
more  expert  than  any  other  Blacks. 

When  the  ro.ids  to  the  coaft  arc  free 
and  open,  the  Dinkira  merchants  come  to- 
gt  thir,  with  the  Accanffe,  as  I  faid  before, 
I  ithcr  to  S<ma,  Commendo,  Miiia,  or  cape 
0,1/0  callle,  according  to  the  dirtance  of  the 
pLiics  wliere  they  live  at  home.  If  the 
pallis  happen  to  be  ftop'd  in  the  inland 
country,  tiiey  go  farther  up  the  coaft  ;  by 
which  means,  thole  upper  fadories  have  a 
brilk  trade  in  their  town,  and  plenty  of 
gold,  when  it  tails  iliort  at  the  middle  forts 
of  the  co.ift. 

TiK  Dinkira  gold  is  commonly  very  fine, 
but  too  otten  mix'd  with  lulicbe  gold, 
which  is  a  fort  of  compofition  of  fcveral 
ingredients,  in  tome  very  ckKI  lliapes,  as  I 
(h.dl  particularly  defcribe  hereafter. 

'1' he  territory  of /«/,(,  or  AJhante,  which 
a  modern  author  fuppoles  to  be  one  and  the 
fiuie,  is  limited  on  the  weft  by  Mamtinsa  ; 
Vo  I,.  \-. 


on  the  north  by  unknown  rcgicn.s -,  on  theI?.\Rui)T, 
eaft  by  Akim  and  /Icbam  ;  and  on  the  Ibu'.h  ^*^'V^ 
by  Accanv.  Nothing  can  be  laid  of  this 
country,  which  is  utterly  unknown,  for 
want  of  correlpondence  ;  but  that  it  is  very 
rich  in  gold,  fome  parcels  whereof  are 
brought  down  to  the  Gold  Coall,  in  peacea- 
ble limes,  by  the  Accaiufe  who  trade  thi- 
ther, when  tlu  roads  are  open.  It  lies  well 
for  the  tr.ule  of  lijms  and  ./.v/w,  as  being 
feated  tow.irds  the  head  of  the  river  ot 
Siiuro  ilit  Ciiihi, 

Akam,  Akim,  or  Abim,  or  Arcitfj-Crandct  crmt  \(- 
the  Greats/-  w\,  borders  wetfwird  on  /A"- cany. 
c.vi'i-Pcqiieii:,   or  little  Ac:  m-i  \  on  Aqua, 
and  Son  fill  fouihward  ;  on  /;;/,;  and  AJj.ira 
northward  •,    and  on  Aqinititboe  and  y^iakos 
eaft  ward. 

If  we  may  credit   ibme  of  the  Aicaiicfi 
B.ncks,   it  i-^  of  fo  great  an  extent,  that  it 
reaches  to  the  Biuluiiy  coaft,  which  muft 
be  miftakeii   for   the  river  Nigi^r  •,  becaufc 
being  very  wide,  the  B^Jiks  mi/  perhaps 
look  upon  it  as  a  leu  ;  and  it  runs  from  eaft 
to  weft,  juft   between  thirteen  and  fourteen 
degrees  of  north  latitude,   being  about  two 
hundred  feventy  leagues  from  the  Gold-CoiiJ}, 
direftly  northwatcl :  for  fliould  they  really 
extend  to  the  Rirbary  coaft,    properly  lb 
called,  this  country  muft  reach  trt  the  Medi- 
IrrraiiCiiii,  acrofs  the  valb  continent  of  Africa, 
above  fix   hundred  leagues  diredlly   north 
bom  the  G?'J-Co.yt  to  the  kingdom  of  ///- 
,!,'/('/•,    through   the  countries  of   Gago  and 
G.'b-r,  placul  by  the  bell  geographers  be- 
between  the  AccMcJi  lands,  and  th.it  famous 
river  ;  and  rh<;fe  cminiries  .ire  reckon'd  very 
populous,  and  to  have  a  great  trade.     This 
country  was  formerly  a  monarchy,  and  now 
a  commonwe.dth,  after  leveral  changes  and 
revolutions  in  the  government,  wliiih  ren- 
ders it  the  lefs  fofinidable  to  its  neighbours, 
becaufc  of  the  fadlions  and  divifiors  the  re- 
publican government  is  fubjedt  to  ;  and  ef- 
pecially  among  the  Blacks,  where  intercft  is 
no  lefs  prevailing  than  in  other  parts,  and 
many  love  to  fifti  in  troubled  waters:  and 
therefore  this  country,    for  want  of  unity 
and  a  good  undcrftanding  among  the  na- 
tives,  is  not  fo  powerful  as  formerly. 

Moft  of  the  gold  of  this  country,  is  ge-  p„„  .,// 
nerally  convey'd  to  Acra,  and  thence  to  the 
weftern  roads  and  forts  of  the  coaft,  very 
fine  and  pure,  witliout  any  mixture  or  cor- 
ruption. 

The  Blacks  of  Akim  arc  very  proud  and 
haughty,  and  as  rich  again  in  gold  and 
llaves,  as  the  Little  Atianei'c  ;  for  which 
reafon  they  pretend  to  fome  fuperiority  over 
them.  The  natives  drive  moft  of  their  com- 
merce towards  the  countries  lying alongthe 
Nigfi;  being  thole  of  Giigo  and  Ahrzara 
on  the  north  of  them.  Gago  is  a  large  king-  ^^^°'""'^' 
doni,  abounding  in  gold,  a  great  quantity 
C  e  c  whereof" 


4r 


'il 


■I-   V 


i!Sf!;f5 

li.tt    • 


3!i'^r 


mmM 


'■•  J 


£ii;'^^^<. 


?l 


:i  ji : 


1    I 


">1  '><  I   '    1^ 


s  '■ '.: 


!.!* ! 


15^0 

IUkm  IT.  wlurcot  is  ifiu  10  ilic  kin(j,il()ni  a\  Morocco, 
^■OT^  wiili  caravam,  liy  the  way  ol  Toinbul.  The 
Acciinej,-  tr.idi-  .illo  with  their  other  neigh- 
bour nations,  as  /-lljuintc!  antl  Akum,  this 
latter  lying  north,  the  other  north-well  Irom 
them,  where  thcv  liil  abundance  ot  their 
Ihort  cloih-^aml  o;h(.r  gooiis  for  gold.  1  hey 
alio  fonictimi's  repair  to  tlie  markets  at  yt- 
bot!ei\  wwr  .tci:!,  and  tlicrc,  as  w  11  as  at 
Little  /•/  iWA  lujy  littt\ii;-,i)i  goods  tiiolc 
BLickf  carry  troni  tht.-  caill. 

•th  •  -ri-rritory  of  A  k  a  m  , 
T_T  A  S  /;/,;,  or  Affidnte  on  the  weft  ;  A- 
■■•  bin  on  the  I'outh  -,  unknovrn  lands  on 
the  north  i  an. I  on  tlie  fall  ^^i.ikoe  and  -Ta- 
foc.  The  Eiiroi'nins  on  the  coall  arc  utter 
ilrangcrs  to  the  natives  ol  tiiis  country. 

A  ny  A, 
■pXtends  to  Atti  and  Dahoe,  on  the  weft: ; 
*"  to  F.iii.'in  on  the  fouth  ;  and  to  Akim  on 
the  njrtii.     It  is  a  fmall  country,  and  has 
ibnie  depcndancc  on  the  king  ot  Fantin. 


A  Defcription  of  the 


^ooKlIil   Chap. 


B^ 


San  <j_u  a  y, 
^Orders  ibiithward  on  Fantin  \  northward 
on  /Ikim  \  and  eaftward  on  Augwina, 
Tlie  Blacks  of  this  nation  ufeto  comedown 
to  Monte  <hl  Diablo,  or  the  devil's  mount 
and  D11/W,  on  the  coaft,  tobuy  fea-fifli,  to 
liipply  their  markets,  and  are  very  confi- 
Rcttinjip  ''arable  gainers  by  that  trade  •,  tho'  the  fi(h 
jM.  is  commonly  rotten,  before  it  can  be  carry'd 

fo  fir  up.  This  land  pays  fome  atknow- 
kdgnuiu  to  the  king  ol  Augwina. 

A  <i_l.'  A  M  B  o  E, 

1_I  A  S  for  its  boundaries,  Ahonee  and  A- 
*■  hoci-ii  on  the  call ;  Akim  on  the  weft  ; 
y^utikoe  on  the  north  s  and  Atii\ma  on  the 
fouth.  They  have  no  commerce  with  the 
Europeans. 

A  n  o  N  r.  E, 

S  a  territory  of  a  very  fmall  compafs,  ftiut 
monlW-WiiiXhy  Aquamboe  ;  on  the  fouth 
by  Au^idihi  ;  on  the  north  by  Aboera  ;  and 
on  the  ead  by  Great  Aim,  and  part  of 
Aboera.  It  is  only  remarkable  for  the  ex- 
traordinary inarket  held  at  Great  Acra, 
where  the  natives  give  conftant  attendance, 
as  liocs  a  great  throng  of  Blacks  from  the 
other  neighbouring  parts. 

K  U  A  H  O  E, 

IS  confin'd  weftward  by  Akam  ;  fouthward 
*  by  Aqmwwoi'  and  Akim  ;  northward  by 
Tajoe  1  and  e.iftward  by  Aboera,  and  Cam- 
manacb.  We  kinjw  nothing  of  the  inha- 
bitants, but  that  1  hey  are  reputed  a  treache- 
rous falfc  ix:opie. 

Z 


I 


T  A  FOE, 

Joins  on  the  weft  to  Akam ;  on  tlie  foutji 
to  Kuiihoe  i  and  on  the  eaft  to  Camma 
nach  and  Kahoe.  *Tis  a  rich  country  m 
gold,  which  they  fometimes  carry  to  Abone< 
inarket,  and  fometimes  to  Mourie. 

Aboera, 
X/IK ETS  with  Aquamioc  in  the  wclh 
•*•  with  Ciivimanach  and  Kunhoe  in  the 
north  i  with  Abonee  and  Great  Acrn  \\\  the 
louthi  and  with  Bonoe  in  the  call.  The 
natives  are  rich  in  gold,  which  they  difpofc 
of  at  Abonee  market. 

Q^U  A  K  O  E, 

IjOrders  on  Cammanach  and  Little  A,rii 
'-'  fouthward  -,  and  on  Tafoe  weft  ward.  Thi. 
inhabitants  carry  much  gold  to  Abonee, 
Acra,  and  Great  Ningo. 

C  A   M  .M  A  N  A  C  H, 

■pXtends  on  the  weft  to  Kuahoe  ;  on  the 
•'-'  north  to  y^iakoe  1  on  the  Ibuth  to  A- 
hoera  and  Bonoe  ;  and  on  the  eaft  to  Equea, 
Latah),  and  Little  Acra.  The  natives  ap- 
ply them fe Ives  moll ly  to  tillage,  anddifpoll- 
ot  the  proiluft  of  their  land,  particularly 
the  maiz,  or  Indian  wheat,  among  their 
neighbours. 

B  o  N  oc, 
TS  limited  by  Aboera  on  the  weft;  by 
■*•  Cammanach  on  the  north  ;  by Agrana  and 
Acra  on  the  fouth  ;  and  by  Equea  and  Ninga 
on  the  eaft.  The  main  bufinefs of  the  inha- 
bitants is  husbandry,  efpecially  fowing  of 
liulinn  wheat. 

F.  Q.U   E  A  , 

TS  bounded  weftward  by  Bonoe ;  north- 
•*•  ward  by  Cammanach  ;  and  fouthward  by 
Ningo  and  Lataby.  They  alfo  low  /ntliaii 
wheat,  which  is  their  fole  bufinefs  and  trade. 

L  ATA  B  Y, 

f\^  the  weft  touches  Equea  and  Camma 
^^  nach  i  (m  the  norrh-caft  Little  Acra; 
Nin^o  and  l.abbade  on  the  fouth.  This 
country  is  renowned  for  its  markets,  tho' 
they  are  not  quite  fo  confiderable  as  that  ot 
Abonee  ;  but  very  great  quantities  of  gooiis 
trom  many  parts  are  fold  in  them. 

Ac  A  R  A  DY, 

IJ  A  S  Cammanach  on  the  weft  ;  f^uakot 
on  the  north  i  and  Lataby  and  Ningo 
on  the  fouth.  The  Blacks  from  this  country 
carry  much  gold  to  Abonee  market,  ami 
it  is  reckoned  as  fine  and  pure  as  that  ot 
Accany. 

I  N  S  O  K  O, 

A  Ccording  to  the  account  the  Accamfc 
■^  give  of  it,  is  a  country  diftant  five  days 
journey  from  the  coaft  ;  its  louthern  bonlers 

little 


little 
reaft 
thiev 
notal 
(hort 
to  th 
them 
for  4 


extraoi 
Inta, 
Akam, 
moft 


BookIIiJ   Chap.12.  Ci^/j/to/ South-Guinea. 


the  well ; 
\boc  in  the 
Urn  ill  the 
eall.  The 
11- y  ilifpofe 


land  Ningt 
[is  country 
Vket,  and 
Ls  that  ot 


Accancfc 
five  days 
rn  borders 

little 


0mil 
'lUl. 


...-.W. 


Aam^li 


little  known,  bccaufc  fcarcc  frequented,  by 
rcafon  the  roads  generally  Iwarm  with 
thieves  and  robbers.  The  natives  of  it  are 
notable  weavers,  making  curious  fluffs  and 
fhort  cloths,  which  yield  a  good  profit,  fold 
to  the  neighbouring  nations-,  who  purchafe 
them  for  plate  and  pieces  of  eight,  as  alfo 
for  Haerlem  cloth.  The  Aaanefe  fay,  that 
thofe  Blacks  know  nor  what  copper  or 
gold  arc,  having  never  fecn  thofe  two  metals 
in  their  country. 

All  the  abovementioned  kingdoms  .and 
territories  in  general,  are  not  fo  woody,  as 
the  country  about  Cormentin,  and  the  others 
higher  on  the  gold  coaft,  nor  fo  fruitful. 
By  what  I  have  faid  of  them,  it  may  well  be 
concluded,  that  they  are  for  the  moft  part 
extraordinary  rich  in  gold  ;  but  particularly 
Inta,  or  Ajftante,  Awitf,  Iguira,  Dinkira, 
Akiim,  and  Accany  afford  vaft  quantities  -, 
mod  of  the  gold  traded  for  along  tiie  whole 


coaft  coming  from  thofe  p:r'<i,  wlicfi"  there  B.uiiioi 
arc  many  rich  mines  of  that  .  -etal,  befidti  l^VNJ 
what  the  natives  draw  from  thei.  neij^hbours, 
by  way  of  trade,  which  is  a  very  conlidera- 
bje  quantity.  Mandinga,  Gago,  ,\nd  Tjf-'i.; 
furnifti  them  with  very  much  in  exchange 
by  goods,  or  by  way  of  plunder  ■,  and  thefe 
again, bcfides  what  their  own  land  produces, 
receive  it  from  many  unknown  countries 
northward,  on  both  fides  of  the  A^igr  . 
thofe  places,  according  to  the  accounts  ot 
all  authors  and  tr.ivcllers,  producing  an  im- 
menfc  (lore  of  gold. 

I  might  now  proceed  to  treat  of  tlic  fevc- 
ral  forts  of  gold,  and  the  ways  of  iligij;ing, 
gathering  and  tryingof  it  •,  but  have  thought 
fit  to  refer  that  to  another  place,  where  it 
will  be  as  proper,  that  I  may  not  interrupt 
thedelcription  of  thele  countries,  el'pecially 
thofe  along  the  fe.i-coafl,  as  belt  known  to 
EuropciWi. 


CHAP.     XII. 

The  land  along  the  coaft  in  general.  Seafons  and  unhealthinefs  of  the  Gold- 
Coaft.  Tornadoes  iftinking  fogSy  harmatans.  Co/d  in  Gn'mca.  The  country 
fatal  to  Eufopeans. 


The  Land   in  general. 

TH I S  country  for  the  moft  part, 
near  the  coaft,  may  be  reckoned  wild 
and  lavage,  being  very  woody,  and  covered 
with  flirubs  and  buffics  j  and  particularly 
about  Axim,  Sama,  and  Commendo,  where 
the  roads  are  fo  crooked  and  narrow,  that 
two  men  cannot  travel  a-breaft  j  and  the 
woods  fo  thick,  that  they  ftrike  a  horror  in- 
to fiich  as  are  not  ufed  to  them,  the  light 
of  the  fun  fcarce  penetrating  through  them : 
not  to  mention  the  multitudes  of  defperate 
villains  and  robbers,  which  commonly  pef- 
ter  the  ways.  However,  in  many  places 
there  are  very  large  pleafant  fields  and  vales, 
fit  to  breed  all  forts  of  cattle.  The  foil 
is  generally  fat,of  a  pale  brick-colour,  very 
proper  to  fow  Indian  wheat.  In  other  places 
it  is  alfo  landy  and  gravelly,  as  about  cape 
Corfo. 

The  country  along  the  coaft,  from  cape 
Tra-Pontus,  to  near  Acra,  is  moft  hilly,  gra- 
dually rifing  more  and  more  up  the  inland,  till 
it  becomes  almoft  mountainous.  The  foil  is 
for  the  moft  part  extraordinary  fertile,  and 
produces  abundance  of  Indian  wheat,  millet, 
rice,  potatoes,  yams,  oranges,  lemons,  coco- 
nuts, palm-wine,  banana.s,  plantans,  and 
ananas  •,  but  leaft  of  the  laft. 

There  is  plenty  of  four-footed  beafts, 
and  fowl,  both  of  thofe  natural  to  the 
country,  and  others  tranfported  thither  by 
the  Fortugttffe  from  Brazil  and  St.  Thome, 
which   have  multiplied  exceedingly  in  the 


fpacc  of  two  centuries ;  of  which  creatures, 
more  Ihall  be  faid  hereafter  in  its  proper 
place. 

The  land  is  here  and  there  w.ucr'd  withR,v«r;, 
large  and  fmall  rivers,  fonieof  the  former 
very  plealant  and  beautiful  ;  as  the  river 
Cobra,  tiiole  oi  Bou'icti,  S,ima,  and  others 
fartlier  callwaici,  which  fupply  the  natives 
with  vaft  quantities  of  good  frelh  fifh,  bc- 
fides furnilniiig  them  witii  much  gold. 

The  fca  along  the  coaft,  affords  no  lefs 
variety  and  plenty  of  excellent  filh,  and 
yields  abundance  of  fait,  by  boiling  its 
water  to  a  confiftencc  ;  both  which  turn  to  a 
very  confiderable  profit  and  advantage,  not 
only  to  the  Blacks  inhabiting  the  coaft,  but 
to  innumerable  multitudes  for  feveral  hun- 
dred leagues  farther  up. 

H.iving  propos'd  to  myfelf  to  treat  here- 
after, by  way  of  fupplement,  of  the  fealbns 
and  monfoons  of  Nigritia  and  Guinea  in  ge- 
neral, as  alfo  of  the  winds,  rains,  fcfr.  I 
fliall  at  prefent  only  lay  fomething  of  the 
feafonsandunwholclomenefsofihcGff/J-Coa/? 
in  particular,  as  it  lies  between  the  fourth 
anil  fifth  degrees  of  north  latitude,  which 
occafions  fome  fpecial  liiff-irence  to  be  here 
taken  notice  of 

Seafons  and  uulH'iiltbincfs  of  the  Goi.d-Co  ast. 

T""  H  li  year  is  generally  divided  into  two  ivofu- 

fealbns,  I'ummcr  and  winter,  good  .ind/"""- 
bad,  or  high  and  low  fealbns,  according  to 
the  feveral  ways  ulcd  by  the  f./oopeam,  who 

live 


J 


1 


I 


("i 


llf'i: 


•)..-'i 


■ !      h 


i» 


IPI 


y^  Dcfcription  of  the 


Book  III. 


/ta/jtts 


Hms" '!■  live  their,  to  cxjirefs  tlicmfi'lvcs  i  none  ot 

^■^"V"^^  chilli  t.ikinynotici'  of  .my  autumn  (prlpriiig  ■, 
bc-caufc  tlic  h.'.its  continue'  more  or  Ids 
througliout  Uk-  wliolc  yt.ir,  ami  ihf  plants 
aiul  trtfs  ;'.rc  piriK'iiiilly  {.^rccii, 

Siitbinir.  Til'"  r.imniir  ufually  toiiinicna's  about 
th;'  b.giiinin^ol\S',;/t7/;i'.7-,  .unl  l.iils  the  tivc 

MiM»f.  follDwing  iiionihs  •,  anil  ihr  winter  holds  the 
other  fix  iiiunthi  ol  tin-  year,  wiiich  arc  ailii 
fiib.liviili'il,  into  two  raiuy,  two  iiiilly  anil 
rainy,  and  two  windy  and  rainy  months. 
Not  that  wr  arc  to  hippole  that  every  two 
oltliole  iv.onths  .111  .iltogi'tlier  rainy,  milly, 
or  windy  ;  I'ui  bci.iul'i;  during  laJi  ol"  tholl- 
kilHli\  in  ins,  till- winds,  mills,  or  r.dns  arc 
prcdominaiit  in  their  tuii^.  It  is.dfoto  be 
oblerv'd,  tli.it  thrle  IcTlon'.  do  fo  alter  fomc 
years,  th.it  th.' milly  or  rainy  monilis  may 
fall,  perhaps,  .1  whole  month  later  than  i.s 
ufiial  ;  and  therctoic  it  may  bcallb  nekiui'd 
that  the  TumnKr  li-r.lbn  eommencts  ,11  the 
lit'.erend  ot'  .SV//tv///vr,  and  the  winter  in 
.'/;'(/  tollowinj',. 

The  /•'.iig!i//.y  call  tliefc  two  liarons  winter 
and  I'limnieri  the  7 irtvx/)  the  high  .md  the 
low  ft  alon  i  and  the  Duhb,  the  gooil  and 
bad  times. 

The  beft  obfervation  of  the  time  when  the 
rains  begin  on  the  Gold-Coujl,  is  made  by 
.igeiit  Ch-e,),hnl,  who  brings  it  to  .ibout  the 
lo""  ot  Ajn!.  "  This,  lays  he,  may  be 
"  general!  "rv'd,  from  fi  fieen  degrees 
"  north,  une  number  of  fouth  lati- 

"  tudc,  .  fodow  the  fun,  with  five 

"  orfixd^.es,  and  fo  proceed  with  him, 
"  till  he  has  touch'd  the  troj)if  k,  and  rc- 
*'  turns  to  the  like  Ifationagiiii."  This  he 
makes  out  by  the  following  inftanee,  •:•/-■. 
cape  Corjh  calllc  is  in  lour  deg.  and  fifty 
five  min.  nnvtli  ■,  about  the  1  i""  of  .7.';7', 
the  fun  has  tlierc  about  twelve  ileg.  north 
declination  ;  at  that  time  the  rains  bcg'ii 
An^  continue  in  that  latitude,  t'''  Ik'  has 
perfonn'd  hiscnurfe  to  the  greateil  oblnjuity 
from  the  cniiator,  and  rctiirn'd  to  the  like 
pofition  Ibiiih.  The  finie  he  fuppoles  may 
b'.'  uiideiltood  of  other  pl.xes  within  the 
tropieks. 

Liugih  tif      The  days  and  nights  are  there  all  the  vean 

''■')'■  about  much  ol  the  lame  length  ;  tlie  fun  al 
mofl:  at  all  times  rifing  at  fix  in  the  morn- 
ing, and  letting  at  fix  in  rhe  evening  -,  but 
he  has  been  u[)  almod  halt  an  hour  betbn- 
he  is  (lerceiveil  by  the  people  there,  who  ai 
his  fetring  alio  lofe  fight  of  him  aimoll  h.dt 
an  hour  lielore  he  is  (|uite  under  the  ho- 
rizon. 

iti,\i.  During  the  fumiiicr,  thu.-.  reckoned  to  be- 

gin with  CX/okr,  and  to  end  with  M.ttJj, 
tiie  he.it  is  very  violent  and  fcorehing,  but 
p.irtiful '.rly  in  Diri'w/^/r  and  y,/;/;/.;/ v.  wliicji 
are  eommonly  the  liryt  ft  months  in  the  lum- 
iner,  and  confcqueiitly  tlie  heat  more  inr(  nic  : 
and  indeed  it  could  not  be  cndur'd,  efpeci- 


ally  by  fuch  as  arc  newly  avrivM  there  from 
England  or  JHlaml,  whole  bodies  .ire  not 
fo  well  dilposM,  as  thole  who  have  lived 
upon  the  fpol  fome  time,  were  it  not  tor  the 
trefh  gales  of  wind,  blowing  regul.irly  every 
day  from  nine  in  the  morning  till  night, 
when  a  north-call  bree/e,  by  the  lilaiks 
i.ill'd  J}rfo<.;  takes  plaic  •,  being  a  hot  air 
liom  the  l.md,  whiih  i.uifes  |xople  to  fweat 
exccllively  in  ilicir  beds,  as  I  have  mcii- 
tion'd  it,  fpeakingof  the  lliips  in  the  roads. 

I'lhriuii-y  and  Afiiiib  now  and  then  af- 
ford gentle  rains,  and  fometinies  heavier 
fliowcrs,  attended  widi  tornadoes,  more  tre- 
i]'jent  in  thelj  th.in  in  the  other  tour  lum- 
mer  months. 

/i/hl.  May,  and  Jiiiif  h.ive  the  moll  of'''.''!''/' 
tiiofe  tornadoes,  and  .ue  thcritore  tiie  moll""" 
hurtful  months  to  the  HLub,  as  are  thole  of 
7w.^.ind  Jt(g:ijl  for  their  thick  and  llinking 
logs,  which  occ.ifion  more  lukncls  at  that 
time  thui  in  llininicr:  tor  the  long  violent 
rains,  hdJinir  Jik,.-  Hoods,  more  particularly 
in  thofc  months,  atteni'.ed  with  treipieiit 
tornadoes,  li^;htlling,  and  dreadful  daps  of 
thunder,  alternatively  intermixt  with  thick 
mills  and  fogs,  do  to  corrupt  the  air,  toge- 
ther with  the  llench  tliat  is  in  and  about  tiie 
towns  and  villages  of  the  B'acki,  as  I  have 
before  oblerv'd,  do  all  together  much  pre- 
judice the  ll.ite  ot  he.ilth  1  inloiiuich,  that 
not  only  new  comers,  but  even  thofc  who 
h.ive  been  long  on  the  coall,  cannot  polli- 
bly  avoid  partaking  of  thofe  malignant. 
elVeas. 

As  tor  new-comers,  fiwof  them  at  fird 
fiil  ot  being  fei/'d  by  a  ficknefs,  which  car- 
ries o!l"  very  many,  tho' pcrh.ips  fewer  in 
tome  pl.ues  than  in  v., Hers:  for  where  the 
wind  blows  contiiui.dly  very  trelh,  and  the 
Hlih-'~-  m.ike  the  leatl  llench,  tueh  pl.iccs are 
certainly  moll  wholefnnie  ;  as  tor  inllance, 
P)!t(trn'\  /.(tfuiidee,  the  Dan'ijlj  mount  at 
Mah.irjii,  It^iiimJ'ii,  and  Ao\i.  As,  on  the 
cnntr.'.ry,  thole  places  which  are  generally 
•aoll  liibici  t  to  rains,  as  particularly  .Jxim 
:s  rei  koneil  to  be  lii  more  tli.ui  any  other 
pliee  along  the  coall,  are  the  mott  un- 
iiealthy. 

Tlu-  Tor  sj  a  n  o  r  s, 
YlTIllf-ll  the  Puituguef,-  call  Truvados ;  [,„,.j 
'^  the  Blnki,  J^romhtftou ;  and  thefiim. 
i'r.mb,  I'raviides  \  commonly  follow  the 
!iin,  which  attrac'ts  them.  They  are  fierce 
ilorms  ot  wind,  rifing  on  a  tudden  from  the 
call  and  loiithe.dt ;  and  fometimes  from  the 
north,  with  tome  points  of  the  well,  but 
not  to  trequent,  intcrmix'd  with  dreadtul 
repeated  claps  of  thunder,  and  terrible  light- 
ning, vatlfliowersof  rain  falling  like  a  Hood, 
and  an  cxtr.iordinary  d.irknefs  even  at  noon- 
day. Some  of  thei'e  lalt  an  hour,  others 
two  or  niore  ;  and  as  foon  as  over,  the  wea- 
ther immediately  becomes  as  clear  and  tair 
I  as 


Chap.  12.  Co^/IsofSourU'GtJtyjEA, 


187 


.IS  Iv  fore.  If  any  li.ippcn  in  the  good  li.M- 
fon  or  fumnur,  as  there  do  now  .mil  tlun, 
tlio'  piiicr.illy  not  li)  viol.iu  as  in  the  win- 
ter, yit  they  arc  nK.re  inroiniuoilious  both 
to  land  and  fca-taring  people,  lii-ingiom- 
monly  followMby  cold  rains,  lb  heavy  and 
viol'-nt  lor  ftveral  ilays  lucctll^vcly,  tluc 
they  lain  to  threaten  a  Iceond  dtlugc. 

TluTe  tornadoes,  if  not  timdy  taken  no- 
tice ol  by  fliips  under  Tail,  will  certain  over- 
let  any  large  or  liiiall  vclTcl ;  ordr-vc  them 
adiore,  it  not  will  moored  ;  or  at  Icalt,  fplit 
tiieir  fails,  or  bring  the  malh  by  the  board. 
,,„,f  But  they  never  fail  to  give  warning  time 
M-jA/wj.  enough  to  prepare  againd  them  •,  yet  they 
do  not  always  follow  after  that  warning. 
The  manner  of  it  is  thus :  a  very  black 
cloud  appears  far  off,  in  which,  if  thcr", 
be  feveral  white  fpots,  the  wind  will  be 
mod;  if  not,  thcrain  will  pnv.iil.  This  is 
the  faying  of  the  fiilors,  aiul  th'.'rt  fore  not 
always  infallible.  This  is  certain,  that  the 
tornadoes  very  much  help  fiith  fliips  as  are 
bound  to  the  windward,  if  they  are  not  too 
violent  1  fur  then  they  can  (leer  by  them  a 
direftcourfe,  whereas othcrwifc,  tluymuft; 
ply  it  up,  continually  tacking,  which  proves 
very  tedious.  The  "ame  advantage  is  made 
of  a  lltrrnaian,  of  which,  and  the  tornadoes, 
I  fli.dl  fay  more  in  the  fupplement. 

Uifxholefome  Vo  o  s. 
*T~  H  F.R  E  being  a  continual  chain  of  hills 
■*    and  mountains  from  one  end  to  the  o- 
thcr  of  the  (klJ  Coaft,  there  riles  every  morn- 
ing, in  the  valleys  betwixt  them,    a  thick, 
(linking,   and  bituminous  mid  or  tog,  tfpe- 
cially  near  rivers  or  watry  places,  which 
fiireads  itfelf  all  over,  .inel  falls  fo  thick  on 
H'"*' the  earth,    that  it  is  almoll   impofTible  for 
iiE.io-    Euroiietms  to  cfcape   the  infedion,   whilll 
f "'■     they  deep,  their  bodies  bring  more  fufcep- 
tiblc  of  ic  than  the  natives,  iliefe  unwhole- 
fomc  mifls  rife  every  night  throughout  the 
whole  year  -,    but  efpecially   in   the  winter 
fcafi^n,  and  then  mod  in  7;..;>'  asul  /1nj(ujt, 
.IS  w.is  laid  above.     It  is  no  wonder,  that 
fuel)   fogs,    toge'her    with  the  intolerable 
dench  about  the  habitations  cf  the  B.'atks, 
and  ;ill  the  .iboveineiition'd  intemperances  of 
the  1  limate,  the  continu  il  r.iins,    excedivc 
heats  iif  the  day,    the  fierce  li;^;htning,  and 
the  iioriid  frequent  claps  ot  thunder  -,  it  is 
no  wonder,  1    lay,   that  all    thele  united, 
flnould  make  the  air  unhealthy  and  perni- 
cious to  human  conditutions,  and  more  par- 
ticiil.i.rly  to  Eiiropcois. 

It  is  to  be  obferv'd,  that  tl.ough,  during 
the  fix  months  of  the  lumincr  leafoii,  the 
heat  i',  very  violent,  an!  lonie  times  fcorehing 
and  intolerable  •,  yet  the  other  lix  months 
of  the  winter  fealon  are  fo  diU'ercnt,  that 
fonictimcs  a  fire  coulel  be  well  endur'd,  the 
weather  being  often  much  like-  Sritembcr  in 
rr.uh<'  or  England,  and  e\  cnings  pretty  cool. 
Vol..  W 


wliiih  happens  .illo  even  in  the  fummer  fei-  R/Mipar. 
fon,  moreefpecially.it  the  time  of  an  //,,/•   '^V>^ 
viiilan,  which  is  a  dry  north  or  nortli-ead 
wind,  cnll'd  by  the  I'or/u^ufje  -Unno  ;  th  it 
is,  the  land-wind,  becaul'e  it  comes  from 
the  landward  and  overjiowers  the  Ica-breei":. 

I  I  A  U  M  A   1    A  N  S, 

A  N  Ihtrmatan  will  l.dl  two  or  three  days, 
■^^  and  fomctimcs  tour  or  five,  but  fcidom 
fo  long;  yet  luch  a  one  we  had,  lying  oif 
Boutroe,  in  January  1  OS i.     It  blew  a  lliii  p  vindnf, 
piercing  cold  air,  no  fun  appearing  all  the'"'- 
while-,  but  the  weather  was  thick,  clok-, 
cold,  and  raw,  which  very  much  ad'ei^ted 
the  eyes,  and  put  many  into  an  aguilh  tem- 
per, fo  violently  piercing  the  naked  bodies 
of  the  Blacks,  that  I  obferv'd  many  I  had  then 
on  board,  look'd  at  a  didance  as  if  they  had 
been  all  over  drcw'd  with  meal,  and  diiver'd 
as  in  an  ague.     Nor  is  it  any  wonder  that 
the  natives,  who  arc  ufed  moll  of  the  year, 
and  even  of  their  live.s,  to  a  fcorehing  air, 
diould  be  fo  tender  and  Itndble  of  a  Iharp 
piercing  wind,  coming  lb  liiddenly  on  them, 
when  the  Europeans  thcmlelvcs,  who  are  ulecl 
to  cold  climates,  can  learce  endure  it,  buc 
are  fcnfible  of  the-  elVedls  thereof,  tho'  dole 
confined  to  their  chambers,  with  a  genilt-  tire 
and  drong  rcdoratives  to  keep  up  the  fpirits. 

The  latter  end  of  December,  all  "Juhuary,  jrhnii 
and  part  ot  February,  are  fubject  to  ihel'efc.'/'?«'i). 
ILirmatans,  as  the  Backs  call  them  1  but 
"January  mod  of  all.  Thole  which  hap|)tn 
in  l-'ebruary,  do  not  commonly  coininuc: 
long  i  and  tj-fy  ,ire  never  known  before  or 
after  the  times  here  mcntion'd. 

During  the  time  ot  an  Ilarmatan,  all  pcr- 
fono  wh.ici'vjevcr,  white  or  black,  without 
any  exception,  are  obliged,  by  the  Iharp- 
nels  of  the  air,  to  keep  confined   to  their 
houfes,  or   chambers,    without  dirring  a- 
broad,  unlets  upon  very  urgent  occtfions : 
for  the  air  is  fcarce  to  be  enclur'd,  becaufe 
it  fuftbcates,  obliging  peo|de  to  dr.iw  their  r),;<^'«//> 
breath  often,  and  Ihort ;  and  they  are  torced  |'-  ^'m''-- 
to  correct  the  acutenefs  of  it  with  lome  Iweet  "'^■ 
oil  -,  without  which,  it  would   be  diftieuk 
breathing  as  at  other  time?. 

This  Iharp  piercing  air  is  as  prejudicial,  irmJttfHl 
if  not  more,  to  beads  or  cattle,  than  it  is  ro  <■/«?). 
men  ;  and  certainly  dtlhoys  many  of  them 
in  a  very  lliort  tiine,  it  not  drawn  together 
betimes  into  lome  clofccover'd  place:  which, 
for  this  reafon,  the  Blacks  generally  provide 
before-hand,  being  acquainted  with  the  pro- 
per fealon  of  theiti  EJarmalans,  and  know- 
ing they  never  mil's  coming,  fooner  or  later. 
An  experiment  was  made  at  la[k  Ccrfo,  of 
the  fharpnefs  of  the  air,  on  two  goats ; 
which  were  not  cxpofed  to  it  above  four 
hours,  before  it  killM  them.  BefiLles,  the 
joints  of  floors  in  chambers,  and  the  decks 
and  fides  of  fliips,  as  far  as  they  arc  above 
water,  did  open  lb  wide,  that  a  caulking- 
D  d  d  irofi 


A  Defcrlption  of  the 


t»i,  ,f 
thtm. 


.i    :!    «. 


um 


■i-'»t 


K 


Barbot  iron  could  lie  tliruO  in  ilecp  between  ihc 

^^V^^/e.iins,  continuiiip  fo  all  tlie  time  the //<»r- 

maian  l.tltcil ;  ami  as  loui)  a>  it  was  over, 

thofe  joints  and  leanis  tloled  again  of  thcm- 

iVives,  as  if  tlicy  hail  never  ojien'd. 

Tlufc  l/armiiiiiHs  gmcrally  blow  from 
Ead  to  F.NE,  ami  arc  the  moll  ftcady  tre(h 
gales  that  are  oblirvM  to  blow,  never  at- 
tended with  thunder,  lightening,  or  rain,  or 
at  leall  very  rarely.  They  generally  turn 
the  tides  bom  tiieir  conltant  lourfe,  which 
is  eail,  to  the  wift,  and  impel  them  with  a 
great  Ibree  •,  which  change,  as  well  as  that 
of  the  Torrtihi'ti  before-mentioned,  is  adv.in- 
tagcous  to  (hips  bound  from  the  eaft  part 
of  the  coall  to  the  weftward  ■,  which  is  here 
cail'd  tlie///'/'cr  to.;//,  as  the  caftcrn  part  is 
namei'  the  loiver. 

The  land-wind  is  fcldom  known  to  blow 
here  in  the  winter  feafon  ;  that  which  then 
conllantly  reigns,  and  pretty  trclh,  is  from 
the  SW.  to  the  VVSVV.  along  the  coall 
downward  ;  which  drives  the  tide  llrongly 
to  the  Halt,  and  ENF.  rendeiing  the  navi- 
gation tedious  and  toiifome  to  thofe  who 
are  bound  Irom  Hda  ,\ni\Arilra,  tocrols  the 
equinorti.d.  Being  once  in  the  bight  or 
gulph  of  Guinea,  upon  fuch  a  voyage,  I  ob- 
fcrv'd,  that  when  we  fteer'dSSE.  we  made 
but  an  ENE.  courfe. 


Cold  in  G  u  I  N  E  A. 
'T'HE  high  winds  which  blow  fiercely  in 
■*•  July  and  jiugujl,  occafion  cold  wea- 
ther, tho'  coming  from  the  South  and  SS  W. 
as  they  then  generally  do,  caufing  a  fharp, 
raw,  foggy  lir,  with  a  great  ftench  on  and 
near  the  land.  The  f-i  tiien  runs  high,  and 
rough.  Some  years  there  are  Aidi  ficn^c 
and  boifterous  Uornis  in  the  country,  that 
thoulands  of  trees  are  cither  torn  up  by  the 
roots,  or  1]  lit. 

Tlie  cold  is  alfo  fiid  to  be  fo  (liarp  at 
night,  that  many  have  been  perfu,Kled  it 
fi-ozf,  the  earth,  which  is  commonly  very 
nioill,  by  reafon  of  the  dew,  appearing  on 
the  contrary  dry  and  whitilh,  and  ink  found 
frozen  in  the  houles.  This  is  not  at  all  im- 
probable ;  for  1  have  met  witfi  luch  cold 
weather  under  the  line,  rhit  one  of  our  mm 
madeufc  ofhis  gloves  and  a  mulf  hehappcn'd 
to  have  among  his  apparel. 

In  the  good  I'eafon,  1  have  obferved  the 
effift  of  the  corrupted  evening  air  to  be 
fuch,  that  in  two  hours  it  corrupted  a  piece 
of  trelTi  meat,  fo  that  the  next  morning  it 
Iwarm'd  with  maggots,  as  inon  as  the  fun 
came  to  fhine  upon  it ;  and  even  on  woollen 
clothes,  that  lay  out  all  night,  the  vermin 
would  breed  :  nor  could  we  keep  the  fifh 
jull  taken  out  of  tiie  water,  fweet  above 
lour  hours.  Py  iis  we  m.iy  guefs  what  ef- 
feft  the  air  of  the  high  feafon,  or  winter, 
ma"  I  •••'■  .jn  fuch  bodies,  and  confcqucndy 
«n  hui.rui  nature. 


^OKliJ  Chap.i: 


CirMt 

floTini ■ 


FreJI. 


Inftlikm 
*ir. 


Notwithlhnding  I  hive  before  faid  fomc-  n»,j„^ 
ini;  to  the  fame  purpofe,  I  think  mylMl'/"!  • 


obligM  here  again  to  warnlailors,  that'ih-y*'"'' 
do  not  lie  down  on  the  decks  uncover'd,  .u 
they  are  too  apt  to  doafter  working  hard  •,  ,ir 
perhaps  drinking  brandy,  punch,  or  .my 
other  ftrong  liijuor,  which  may  occafioti 
them  to  fleep  fo  all  the  night :  lor  it  is  ten 
to  one,  but  that  in  the  morning  they  will  fm,! 
themfelves  fo  tlitf  and  coKl,  as  not  to  he 
able  to  (lir  from  the  pl.ice  i  which  c.ift; 
them  into  fluxes,  of  which  few  or  none  rr. 
cover.  It  behoves  them  therefbn.'  cirefully 
to  avoid  lying  .ibroad,  and  uncover'd  in  the 
night  1  and  mailers  of  Hiips  ought  lb  icfly 
to  forbid  it, if  tluy  value  the  fucctfs of  tlieir 
voyages,  many  Hout  and  brave  men  having 
pcrilh'd  mifcrably  alter  this  manner  on  the 
coall  of  Guinea:  and  thus  voyages,  yt\\i^\ 
might  otherwife  have  been  advantageouv, 
have  provM  dellrudlive  to  the  adventurer?, 
for  want  of  hands  to  carry  the  fliips  home 
with  all  diligence,  which  is  a  main  point 
towards  a  good  voyage.  But  of  this  more 
in  another  place. 

In    September    the  winds    ufually    blowSfp*™- 
from  the  fouth  during  the  day,  driving  a-*^'^"'-" 
way   the  ftench  up   the  inland  i   and  the)'"'** 
north  wind  returning  commonly  .u  night, 
carries  it  otf  again  to  fea.     This  month  of 
Seftember,  by  degrees  drives  away  the  win- 
ter feafon,  and  generally  concludes  with  fiae 
clear  weather,  and  great  heats. 

The  gold  coall   lying  between  the  tro-DrM/;,i 
pick  and  the  line,  it  is  eafy  to  guefs  wh.u''i""''J 
dreadful  thunder   it    muft    be    fubjeft   to, 
which  is  moll  in  the  winter  feafon.     The 
lightening  is  fometimes  lb  frightful,   that  it 

really  looUi   no    il'tlic  world  were  going  ti) 

be  confum'd  by  fire.  The  flieets  of  k'ai! 
nailed  on  the  (ides  of  a  galLry,  over  thi.- 
fcams  of  the  Hiip  I  was  in,  were  in  fonu- 
places  almoil  reduc'd  to  nothing  ;  and  it  u 
recorded  at  Mina,  that  in  the  year  1651, 
gold  and  filver  were  mL-ltcd  in  b.igs,  which 
remain'd  untouch'd. 

Guinea  fatdl  to  Europeans. 
'yHefe  things  confiderM,  it  is  no  wondcr;<iwj|» 

that  the  coall  of  Guinea  (hould  yearly'''""" 
confume  fo  many  Euro/e.ins  living  aOiore  1 
efpj-rially  if  we  confider  ti'.cir  way  of  living, 
bing  utterly  unprovided  of  what  (ho'.iKi 
comfort  and  nourifh  them  ;  having  wretched 
mi-dicines,  unskilful  furgeons,  and  no  fup- 
port  of  nourilhing  diet  and  reftoratives. 
The  common  lort,  at  bed,  can  get  nothing 
but  fifli,  and  fome  dry  lean  hens,  and  were 
they  able  to  pay  for  better,  it  is  not  to  be 
had ;  for  all  the  oxen,  cows,  fliccp  and 
poultry,  are  lean,  tough,  ant!  dry  ;  nothin[!; 
being  good  but  fpoon-meats.  As  for  the 
chief  officers,  they  are  commonly  pretty 
well  fupported  with  better  foad ;  as  eiriicr 

havinn, 


BookIIiI  CnAMi-  Coa/lt  of  SovTH-GuifiEA. 


'9? 


faiJ  fomc-  ""j"  ^  i 
nk  mylWt'''"x« 
.  thatth:y*"" 
:(wcrM,  ,ij 
gliarii  i  or 
li,  or  any 
y  octalion 
ur  it  is  ten 
cy  will  find 
not  to  l)f 
vliich  Cift, 
jr  none  ri'- 
I.'  I'.irtfiiily 
a-r'd  in  t lie 
gllC  lllidtly 
xlsot  tlii'ir 
ncn  h.iving 
nntr  on  the 
gcs,  wliA 
'iintagcous, 
dventurers, 
fhips  home 
main  point 
"  this  more 

jally   blowSfp'fin- 
driving  a- **'"'■" 
i    and  the,','''** 
r  ac  night, 
is  month  of 
ly  the  win- 
es with  fine 

I  the  tro-  D'M/w 
;uofs  wh.it ''<'"""J 
fubjed  to, 
ifon.  The 
that  it 
goiiii;  to 
.•ts  ot  leaJ 
ovL-r  the 
in  fonu- 
and  it  h 
rar  1651, 
igs,  which 


iNS. 

10  wontk'rH4ii/;i» 
lid  yearly  G"'""- 
_  afliore  ; 
of  living, 
ac  fho'.iKi 
;  wretched 
no  fup- 
(loratives. 
ct  nothin{\ 
and  were 
not  to  be 
liccp  and 
nothin;;; 
s  for  tlie 
pretty 
as  eiriier 
having 


having  it  fent  by  their  friends  in  Europe,  or 
buying  it  of  European  (hips  that  trade  on 
thccoaft,  or  elfc  receiving  prtlcntsof  gooti 
poultry,  fait  meat,  Freiub  and  Madera 
wine,  neats  tongues,  gammons,  all  forts  of 
pickles,  prc'ferves,  truit,  fweet  oil,  fine 
flower,  choice  brandy,  y<.  with  good  frelh 
medicines  and  reftoratives.  Belides,  they 
are  not  oblig'd  to  be  expos'd  to  all  forts  of 
weather,  titner  to  the  fcorching  air  of  the 
day,  or  coKl  evening  dew  i  nor  to  hard  la- 
bour, or  going  from  one  place  to  anotiier 
in  canoes  i  or,  which  is  worlo,  pafTing  over 
bars,  and  the  breaking  of  the  fea,  wherein,  as  I 
have  faid  betorc,  there  is  a  hazard  befiilesthat 
of  drowning  1  or  if  they  have  occafion  to  do 
this  fomerimes,  they  are  prcfenily  fliifted 
and  comforted  with  reftoratives :  whereas 
the  common  fort,  ef^)ecially  canoe  men,  la- 
bourers and  foldiers,  are  expos'd  to  all  forts 
of  fatigues  and  hardOiips  upon  every  com- 
mand, without  thofe  comforts  and  fupports 
imifd  which  officers  have.  Befides  all  this  they 
ifEuio-  arc  generally  men  of  no  education  or  prin- 
fwni.  ciph's,  void  of  forefighc,  carelcfs,  prodigil, 
addiftcd  to  ftrong  liquors,  as  palm-wine, 
brandy  and  punc!'  which  they  will  drink  to 
cxccfs,  and  then  he  down  on  the  bare  ground 
in  the  open  air,  at  the  cool  of  the  evening, 
without  any  other  covering  but  a  fingle 
fhirt ;  nay  fome,  and  perhaps  no  fmall  num- 
ber, arc  over-fond  of  the  black  women, 
whofe  natural  hot  and  leud  temper  foon 
walles  their  bodies,  and  confumes  that  little 
fubftance  they  have:  tho'  fuch  prortitutes 
are  to  be  had  at  a  very  inconfiderablc  rate, 
yet  having  thus  fpcnt  their  poor  allowance, 
thofe  wretched  men  cannot  aflford  to  buy 
themfclves  convenient  fuflenarce,  but  are 
forced  to  feeil  on  bread,  oil,  and  fait,  or,  ac 
bell,  to  feall  upon  a  little  filh.  Thus  'tis 
not  to  be  admir'd  that  they  fall  into  feveral 
diltempers,  daily  expofing  their  lives  to 
danger,  very  many  being  carry'd  off  thrn' 
thefe  cxcefli-S,  in  a  very  deplorable  condi  - 
tion,  by  fevers,  fluxes,  cholicks,  confump- 
tions,  afthma's,  fmall-pox,  coughs,  and 
fometimes  worms  and  dropfies :  of  all  which 
difeafes,  I  fliall  fay  more  in  another  place. 

But  it  is  not  only  the  inferior  fort  who  are 
guilty  of  this  irregular  courfe  of  life-,  there 
are  too  many  of  the  officers  and  heads,  who, 
the  greater  their  falaries  and  profits  are, 
the  more  eager  they  are  co  fpcnd  them  ex- 
travagantly,  in  exceffive  drinking,  and  o- 
ther  vices,  never  minding  to  keep  fome- 
thing  by  them  to  procure  frefli  provifions 
at  all  limes  for  their  fupporc.  Nay,  fome  of 
them  run  fo  deep  in  debt,  to  gratify  their 
diforderly  appecices,  that  their  pay  is  (top- 
ped, or  made  over  by  bond,  before  it  be- 
comes due  ;  fo  that  feveral,  who  do  not  die 
there,  retijiii  home  as  empty  in  the  purfe 


3 


as  they  firft  went  out:  and  it  very  fcldom  Haihidt 
happens  that  any  make  their  Tiriuncs,  e x- '"^V"*' 
cept  the  commanders  in  chief  of  lorts,  who 
have  the  bift  opjHiriunity  of  liying  up  •,  or 
thofe  who  mike  no  account  of  the  loleinn 
oaths  they  Iv./c  taken,  not  to  trade  for  their 
own  proper  account,  dircdly  or  indiredtly  \ 
which  oatli  is  gtner.illy  ailminilltr'dto  every 
perfon  cmploy'd  by  any  of  the  .ifrican  com- 

fi.inics  in  Eiirop,-.  Yet  m my  ot  them  open- 
y  profefs  they  went  not  thither  tor  bare 
wages  \  and  I  fear  the  number  of  luth  is 
not  I'mall  in  every  nation. 

How  unwiioiel()ine  I'oiver  the  Gt77  Ccitjl 
is,  the  Eiirnpram  who  do  not  ri  fi  le  .iftiore, 
but  are  conftantly  aboard  the  diips,  are  no- 
thing near  lb  liable  to  tiie  m.iliyniiy  of  the 
corrupteil  and  intidlious  air,  provid.d  they 
be  any  tiling  cautious  and  <  .inlul  ol  rhem- 
iclves  i  and  efpniilly  it  tiiey  avoKl  ilie  Ire- 
quent  opportunities  which  otiir  afliorc,  of 
haril  ilrinkii.g,  .vml  h  iving  to  do  wirii  hi  ick 
women  i  and  if  they  take  heed  to  ll'.iti  them- 
fclves oft -n  aboard,  attir  being  wet,  or  ha- 
ving work'd  hard  in  the  hold  of  the  Ihip : 
to  which  purpole  moll  ot  them  wear  only  a 
pair  of  drawers,  or  thin  breeches,  leaving 
the  reft  of  their  bodies  quite  naked. 

The   fea-brceze,   during  the  day,    is   a  AJvin- 
great  refrefhment  to  them,  notwithllandingl'^""/*'* 
the  fcorching  heat  then  reigning  1  and  tlie  "**  "*'  " 
fhips  generally  riding  two  or  three  Englijfj 
miles  from    the  fhore,  the   ftench   of  the 
town,  and  the  mill   of  the  night,  is  feldom 
carry'd   lb  far  from  the  lanti,  by  the  north 
wind  which  then  blows.     Befuies,  they  are 
much  better  fed  ab"-»'>J  than  the  common 
puoplc  aie  aiTiore. 

The  natives  arc  feldom  troubl -d  wiih  n-.,..;.„ 
any  ditlempers,  b;?caufe  bein!!,  born  in  that '"•»''*» 
unhealthy  air,  and  bred  u\t  in  floth,  and 
that  (lench,  tliole  thini^^s  little  alicd  them  , 
ami  when  the  Torn.idua  happ(  n,  wliieh  are 
attended  with  great  cl.ips  ot  thunder,  flafhes 
of  liglitning,  and  violent  r.iin,  by  them 
very  much  dreaded  i  they  keep  very  clofe 
witiiin  doors,  and  under  fli.lrer,  ifpolTible, 
being  fenfible  of  their  dangerous  effects  on 
human  bodies :  or  if  they  cannot  avoid  be- 
ing expoled,  their  Ikins  are  lo  liippled  by 
daily  anointing  witn  palmoil,  that  tlie 
weather  can  make  but  little  imprelFion  on 
them,  the  pores  being  ftopped,  and  not  lo 
open  as  in  white  men. 

The  common  difeafes  of  the  Blacks  along  Dif,xft,  ef 
the  whole  coall,  are  the  fmall  pox  i\n^\DUckt. 
worms  ;  the  firll  of  which  fweeps  away 
great  numbers  every  year,  and  the  latter 
gricvoufly  afflifts  them  in  fevera!  parts  of 
their  bodies  i  but  more  efpecially  in  the  legs, 
and  occafions  extr.iordinary  pains.  I  fhall 
fay  more  of  thefe  and  other  dillempers  the 
Blacks  arc  i'ubjed  to  in  another  place. 

CHAP. 


\\ 


\i 


'II 


^■^.; 


'fi 


•V  ''S 


^  .', 


ipo 


^  Dcfcription  of  the 


C  H  A  r.     XIII 


BooKlIf  |C«*''5- 


I,   M   A    r.       AIM. 

J/i/s/'.n:^ry  t   vuiz;  or  Indian  'u-heat,  nnH  other  grain  i    roots  i  g(tr/ie»ing-^ 
Jhgar-cums  t  Jriitt ;  falm-VJtne  Iras ;   ~.7/<^  trees ;  an^  mukiug  oj  J'ult.  " 


T 


//.;, 


H  I'  »  n  A  V  D  R  Y. 

1 1 1"  Y  li.ivc  ginci.illy  iwo  ficd  ami 
two  li.irvill  li.iluns  i)n  tlic  doU  Cotijl. 
'1  Ik-  lirll  li.(cl-tinu  is  ;U  the  I.iikt  cnil  oJ 
Mard\  anil  tli>-  firll  li.irvilt  in  yln^iijl. 
'I'll,'  Uiotul  fii'il-tiiuc  is  iniiiKili.ittly  after 
the  lirll  harvcll  s  but  they  ilo  noi  low  niucli 
at  this  titnc,  lx(.nik-  ot  ilic  ihy  wcathir 
wiiich  follows  It,  till  llic  next  h.iivi.ll,  which 
is  .it  lilt  l.ittcr  I  ml  ot  the  yi.ir:  lor  the 
IiiiL.tn  wlie.it  iloes  not  tome  uj)  well  with- 
t)Ut  nuiih  r.iin. 

Wjun  till-  leeil-timc  is  at  hiii.',    every 

/<.rfi/(- marks  out  the  Ipot  lie  likes,  wliich  is 

ulually  on  rifiny  i;rouiiil.s  ne.ir  their  towns 

ami  Viilig.s:  anil  liavinj;  prumiliAl  to  }>.iy 

llie  iifuai  rv'iu  to  llie  ofiiiers  Jl>|)omteil  to 

thit  purpole,    tiie  kint'.s  being  lonis  ot  all 

the  lands  i  I'le  heail  ot  a  lamily,  .ifiilleil  by 

his  wives,  iliiklren,  fl.ivcs  il  llry  hive  any, 

lets  tire  i  j  the  IliruKs  ami  bullies,  wiiich  lor 

the  moll  part  overll'ica,'  the  earth,  or  tile 

cut  iliein  elole   to  the  ground  i    lor  they 

will  kkloin  bellow  the  pains  ol  grubbing 

up  the  roots    '"f  wliieh  nalon  they   loon 

Ipriiiit  up  again  :  yet  they  think  it  rulTieient 

/or  lowing  their  leeil  to  turn  up  the  afliesot" 

tlie  llirubs  ami  bufhes  with  the  earth  flighc- 

ly,  whiih  ihcy  do  with  a  fort  of  tool  or 

fpade,  call'd  CV;iW</;(,  and  are  fo  dextrous  at 

tnan.'ging  it,  that  two  men  will  vlig  j«  nun  h 


like  materials;  tho'  this  tluy  do  mnrr  par 
tiiiilarly  lor  millet,  or  other  lin.dkr  ",rain 
than  the  /«-////«  wheal  i  ami  in  it  th' y  kun 
lomc  of  their  i  hiklren  or  Ikivcs  all  the  Jay, 
till  harvell-timc,  to  feare  away  the  biriU, 
who  otherwife,  biing  fo  veiy  nunurous  in 
that  lountiy,  would  Ipoil  and  deflroy  the 
milki,  whole  ricd  is  not  lb  thiik,  nor  ro- 
vcrM  with  leaves,  as  the  hiiliait  wheat  is; 
an. I  thcrelorc  much  more  exjiofed  to  tholi: 
gram  devouring  birds  than  the  other.  When 
ilu  y  think  it  isrijie,  they  cut  it  down  with  i 
furt  of  fiekles  or  hooks,  and  let  it  dry  on 
the  giDuml  for  .ibovc  a  month  ;  alter  which, 
they  l.iy  it  up  in  heaps  or  fmall  reaks,  ro- 
ver'il  with  the  dry  leavesot  the  corn,  which 
are  h^ng  ,ind  broad,  cither  within  their  lioulij 
or  without. 

M  A 1 7.,  c;  Iv  n  I A  N  Wh  E  A  T,  amhtler  Cniin, 
"T'lIlS  fort  of  /«(/«;i«  wheat,  penerally 
•*•    produces  one,  two,  three,  ami  h'inc- j,j'„'j ' 
ears,  each  of   thtm  containing 


timej  lour 

lour,  or  live  luimlrcil  grains,  mi*;^  or  Icfs", 
li>  that  according  to  this  prodigious  in.iMle, 
one  i\r.un  yields  a  thoufani',  fifticn  luindrcil, 
and  lomctiPies  two  il'.ouf.md  <>,rains.  ?t  i* 
viry  Itrangc,  conlidcring  this  iiureafc,  that 
the  ^/.(ajfliould  ever  know  any  lean  ity,  and 
l(>metiines  .1  (amine  ;  but  it  is  tor  the  molt 
part  oci.ifion'd  by  tlieir  floth,  tiny  being 
land  in  a  day,  as  one  plow  can  turn  over  in  g<  lur.iily  tarch  Is,  void  ol  lurefighi,  and 
I'.igiii.d.  'I'his  biing  done  alur  the  fame  not  providing  lur  cafualii' s. 
ni.inncr  by  ill  the  inhabitants  ol  the  vill  ige.  In   peai cable  times,  a  ihouf.ind   llilks  of/.,: , 

llicy  let  it  he  eight  or  ten  days,  alter  which,      Iintiaii  lorn  are  fold  lor  al out  live  Ihillingsf.'i. 
ail  pLrl()ns  bJag  thus  prepar'd,  and  the  d.iy     l'-ig!'jb,    .imi   in  fome  parts  for  a  third  or 
for  lowing  appointed,  wiiich  is  always  on  ,i     loin  rli  part  lefs. 

tucfday,  that  being  their  felliv.il  or  labbath,  'I'liere  are  two  forts  of  this  corn,  red  and 
they  begin  that  d.iy,  by  lowing  the  land  of  white,  th:  hitter  moll  beautiful,  but  the  lor- 
the /^n;y/o,  oi- chief  of  the  town,  lie  being  pre-     mir  :uiounted  the  belli  and  when  beaten 

Im.ill  and  cleanli'd,  it  makes  indilVerenc 
j.ood  bread,  tho*  lomewhat  heavy  for  wane 
of  yeall,  or  leven.  If  it  were  well  ground, 
boulted,  and  baked,  as  is  done  by  the  peo- 
ple of  Jirain,  and  fome  other  parts  on'rui^ct. 


lent  ;  and  when  it  is  done,  treating  the  B/a.ks 
with  a  fluep  and  abuml.ince  of  palm-wine,  in 
tliefi.-ld,wiiic!iisdoneinhonourofthcirdeity, 
fpilli:ig  a  great  ileal  of  wine  on  the  ground, 
to  b'j  a  plentiful  crop.     The  next  d.ty,  .ind 


1m  t!ie  reil  lliccellively,  are  fpcnt  in  lowing     v.ho  ule  this  fort  of  torn  very  much,  the 


t'itji. 


their  own  corn,  one  grounil  .iftrr  another, 
till  all  is  done;  llill  fealling  one  another  by 
turns,  an.l  drinking  all  the  while  in  the 
fields.  They  ]i!  inc  this  corn,  as  we  do 
beans,  making  littL*  holes  in  the  ground, 
and  putting  f  ed  into  them. 

This  grain  commonly  Iprings  out  in  eight 
/•or  ten  days  alur 'tis  low'd  When  'tis  grown 


bread  would  be  good.  The  leaves  of  the 
111  liz  or  liuiian  wheat  dry'd,  arc  proper  fooit 
for  cattle  in  fvinter,  and  fo  ufed  in  tlie  pro- 
vince oi  Beam  atorclaid. 

'{'\k  Poitu^Uift-  firft  enrich'd  thcfc  Jfr.cr.r 


ciniKtries  with  the  hidian  wheat,  or  maiz,  ^^^^ 
bringing  the  feed  from  the  idand  of  St.  •th')- 
M.,;,  in  the  bight  of  Guinea,  to  tlie  Geld 
0)iijf\  where  the  foil  proved  lb  prop<.'r  for 
it,  that  it  has  been  ever  fincc  the  main  fub- 


mil 


up  lo  a  man's  l-.eigl'S  and  begins  to  blol- 
fom,  they  commonly  build  a  hut,  in  the 
inidi'Ie  of  the  liJid,  madcofrccds,  or  fuch    lillcnceol  theA'.'m^i,  not  only  on  the  coal! , 

I  but 


I'll, 


Chap.  13- 


Coafts  of  So  u  T  H-G  0  r N  R  a. 


1P7 


.v<«ri 


AMI. 


liiit  tir  iiji  the  inlmd ;  licli.les  the  vill  profit 
tliolc  [K-o^ili'  yearly  nuk*-,  by  Iclliiin  ic  at 
tlic  luiroptiin  ton%,  and  to  tlic  fl  ivc  \h\\n; 
,1)  .ilii)  tu  all  the  other  nations  about  ihcni. 

The  name  ot  Maiz  is  projicrly  hi, nan, 
given  to  tlii*  yrain  by  tlie  nativcj  o\  /tnu- 
ri.a,  where  ii  great  plenty  o(  it.  The  Per 
lutuejt  call  it  Mtlbo  Graii.lc,  tliat  is,  great 
m^illeii  and  Indian  wheat  ■,  the  llaHani,  •fur- 
kijh  wheat  i  anil  the  IrfnJj,  Sp.mijh  wheat. 
It  U  pofuively  afTerreil,  that  bctoic  the /'t/r- 
/«!«(/''  lame  to  this  eo.ill,  the  n.itives  nei- 
ther uliiil,  norlonuiih  as  knew  o(  brtail, 
mailc  of  any  lort  oCiorn  ■,  but  only  I'liih  at 
tiiey  made  ot  yams  .ind  (xit.itoes,  and  a  tew 
roots  ot  trees:  which  may  be  credited,  with- 
out any  ililHculty,  bctaulc  it  is  well  known, 
th.it  to  this  day  there  are  t'everal  countries  in 
Guiiif.i,  whiili  have  very  Ittlc  or  no  huhan 
rorn,  or  millet,  the  fl/iuli  there  feeding  on 
tlic  atbrelaid  roots. 

Tiie  fecond  lort  ot'  grain,  by  the  Poriit- 
tuci  call'd  Millo  Aywiv/t, which  is  the  com- 
mon millet,  is  alio  very  pleiititui  on  the  GoLi 
Co.ijly  being  like  coriamler-fecd,  as  I  have 
tully  dcfcribed  it,  in  the  firtl  book  ot"  this 
work,  chap.  4.  and  (hall  now  only  add,  that 
It  is  iicrc  made  into  bread,  as  well  as  the 
other,  and  fomewhat  relcmblcs  the  Inialler 
ibrt  ot  rye  in  EiigLmd.  It  s  well  tadedand 
very  nouritliing  ;  but  not  It  much  fown  al 
the  Indian  Wheat,  for  which  reafon  it  is  one 
half  dearer. 

Both  tlieli:  forts  arc  fow'd  along  the  Gold 
Coajl,  but  leart  of  all  at  /txwi,  .isl  obfcrv'd 
in  the  defcriptionof  that  place,  and  therefore 
always  ilear  tiiere :  but  the  countries  of  Anta, 
,!iiama!'o,  and  iltigiviiia,  in  fruitful  years 
,\nd  peaceable  times,  yield  prodigious  ijuan- 
tities ;  infomuch,  th.it  ;ir  .-/ma  a  thoufand 
lleins,  or  flalks  of //;'/('<»«  whe.it,  are  Ibid  for 
fix,  kvm,  eight,  nine,  or  ten  Tak^s  of 
yold,  e.ich  /.i*  e  being  about  Ibur-pen'-e  tar- 
tiiing  K>ig!ij/j  v  and  ,1  lack,  at  moft,  does 
not  exceed  twenty -two  pence. 

On  the  contrary,  in  time  of  w.ir  it  is 
dcarell  ;  fometimcs  yielding  an  ounce  ot 
'^oK\,  which  is  tour  pounds  uerling:  a  very 
t.vreinve  rate,  and  might  eafily  be  rcmedy'il, 
would  the  Bhcks  fow  more  than  what  is  nc- 
tellAry  for  the  year's  confumption :  but  their 
natural  lloihfulnefs  is  fuch,  that  they  feldom 
exceed  that  quantity. 

' Tis  generally  obfcrv'd,  that  Indian  corn 
rifts  from  a  crown  to  twenty  fhillings  be- 
twixt February  and  harveft,  which  I  fuppofc 
is  chiefly  occafion'd  by  the  great  number  of 
European  llave  (hips  yearly  reforting  to  the 
ccift,  efpecially  Engtijh  and  French,  the 
Dutib  being  generally  better  vidluard  than 
they,  and  being  obliged  to  buy  corn,  which 
carries  off  fome  thoufands  of  chefts  yearly. 

The  third  fort  of  grain  on  the  GoldCoaJl 
is  rice,  but  not  common  all  over  it ;  there 
Vol.  V. 


l)cing  very  littk:  near  the  (here,  and  the  Bakbo* 

moll  at  /f.v;«  ami  /Inia.     I  li^her  up  the  *i''"V~«' 

coaft,  towards  Ijfenv,  and  farther  werfwaru  ^ 

..bout  cape  Palmes  and  Stjlro,  a  (hip  may 

be  eafily  loadeil  with  it,  perfedlly  clean,  un- 

ilcr  a  i>enny,   and  even  three  farthings  a 

pound  :  whereas  what  is  at  Axm,  Anta^  and 

<)thcr  iMrts  of  the  Gold  Coaft,  foul  and  un 

fitted  yields  above  a  penny  a  |X)und.     It  is 

well  for  the  inhabitants  ot //xim,  that  their 

foil  is  to  proper  tor  rue,  to  make  tome  a- 

mends  for  their  w.uit  ot  hJian  wheat,  .ind 

that  thev  lie  not  tar  from  Abinroe,  Ancober^ 

ind  /A//,/,  which  are  able  to  (apply  then! 

with  that  grain. 

The  ricc-harvcd  is  ufualty  in  September^ 
tho'  it  be  fow'd  in  'Jamuir^  I  have  beei, 
told,  it  was  firtl  brought  from  India  to  the 
coall :  I  h.ive  laid  more  of  ii  in  the  firft  book, 
to  which  I  refer  the  reader, 

The  Rlnkf  of  this  coaft  make  bread  offirrfrf, 
tliefe  fevcral  forts  of  grain,  either  oi  Indian 
corn  alone,  or  mix'd  with  millet  •,  and  Ibme- 
times  they  put  tiic  to  it,  or  make  their 
bread  ot  this  Lift  alone;  but  they  have  not 
the  true  arc  of  Iwking,  fo  that  their  bread 
is  generally  clammy  and  heavy  •,   for  they  * 

have  neither  yeaft  nor  leven  to  make  it  ligh( 
and  pleafant :  But  of  this  I  (hall  fay  more 
when  I  come  to  fpcak  of  the  employmenta 
of  the  women.  < 

The  bread  made  of  rice  only,  is  very 
white,  but  heavy.  That  which  is  matie 
with  millet,  is  the  browneft  of  all,  but  clam- 
my, and  not  very  pleafing.  That  which  is 
made  of  maiz  only,  after  the  Porluguefe 
fafhion,  is  pretty  good  ;  but  if  mix'd  with 
millet,  'tis  incomparably  more  grateful,  and 
cats  much  like  rye-bread  in  Europe,  as  I 
h.ivc  r.iid  bcfoic ,  and  is  of  the  (ort  moft 
u led  on  the  coaft. 

The  Negro  Blacks  in  fome  places,  have  4 
particular  v/ay  of  baking  this  fort  of  bread  1 
lo  that  it  will  keep  (weet  two  or  three 
months. 

The  boys  and  girls  ufually  eat  the  maiz 
in  the  ear,  roafteda  little  over  the  coals, 
or  laying  the  loofe  grains  on  a  very  hotlarge 
(lone.  Some  are  of  opinion,  that  the  ufe  of 
this  grain  thus  roafted,  heats  the  blood,  and 
caufes  a  Ibrt  of  itching  and  fcabbinefs  in  fuch 
as  have  not  been  long  ufed  to  it.  We  fee 
in  holy  fcripture  pretty  often  mention  made 
of  the  ufe  of  roafted  grains  or  com  among 
the  I/raelUes. 

Roots. 
DEfides  maiz,  millet,  and  rice,  the  Blacks  ^^^^ 
**  ufe  vams  i  a  root  which  grows  in  the 
eaith  Hkc  carrots,  commonly  twelve  or 
fourteen  inches  long,  and  as  much  in  thick- 
nefs  or  circumference,  and  others  more,  ha- 
ving feen  fome  that  weigh'd  eight  and  ten 
pounds  a-piece.  They  are  here  of  a  reddifh 
yellow  colour  without,    and  fnow-white 

Eee  wichini  *• 


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!:Hi 


Barbot.  whliin  •,  they  flioot  out  a  long  green  Jeaf, 
^>^'  near  dbc  form  ot'  French  hcans,  with  little 
prickles.  The  Blacks  (o  order  this  leaf, 
chat  it  twines  up  poles  appointed  for  that 
ufe  i  and  by  it  they  know  when  the  fruit  is 
at  maturity,  at  which  time  they  dig  it  out 
of  the  earth ;  and  it  will  keep  fweet  for 
Umi.  a  confiderable  time.  The  Tatns  never 
grow  without  fome  of  the  fruit  it  fclf  be 
p'lanted. 

This  root  either  boil'd  or  roalled,  fervcs 

the  Btacki  inftcad  of  bread ;  and  even  the 

Euiojieiu,!.    The  natives  commonly  boil  it, 

:>nd   when  peel'd,  eat  it  with  fait  and  oil. 

Iisufte  is  much  like  that  of  earth-nuts,  and 

is  dryer  and  firmer,  tho'  not  quite  fo  fweet. 

The  country  of  Anta^  is  well  provided 

with  tliis  kind  of  roots.    But  that  of  Saboe 

hath  the  greateft  plenty,  and  they  are  fent 

in  the  Ceafon  by  thoulands  at  a  time  to  the 

otlier  places,  about  it.  Comendo  and  Mouree 

are  alio  pretty  well  ftored  i  they  coft  there 

about  fourteen  fliillings  a  hunarcd,  but  at 

oilier  places  where  they  are  fent  for  from 

thence,  tiicy  yield  much  more. 

teiMoit.        Potatoes,    a  root  of  an   oval  form,  uj 

large  commonly    as    turneps   in    Europi; 

fliooting  forth  green  leaves,  running  along 

the  ground,  are  plenty  enough  on  fundry 

parts  of  the  coaft,  but  efpcciaily  at  Sabee. 

And  next  to  it  in  the  Lands  of  Anta,  and  I 

tlMku  Comendo  alfo,  but  dare  not  be  po- 

fitive.    This  root,  which  is  perfeftly  white 

within,  is  very  fweet,  and  eats  much  like 

our  good  chefnuts  of  Ibme  fouthern  parts  of 

France,  call'd  Marrons,     being   boil'd  or 

roafted  under  embers  \  and  I  think  their 

fwertnefs  hcie  exceeds  that  of  the  Barbadoes 

potatoes,  fo    much  pr.\ifpd  in  the  Leward 

ifl.uuls  of"  ylmenca.     From  the  branches  of 

tliis  root  planted  in  the  ground,  in  a  little 

time  grow  potatoes  :  the  Blacki  cat  them 

•IS  heartily  as  bread. 

Beans. 
'T'  H  E  R  E  are  five,  if  not  fix  forts  of 
*  Bams;  three  of  which  are  the  moft 
remarkable,  in  tiut  they  grow  under  the 
e.irth. 
rhrttfcrii.  The  firft  fort  of  beans  then,  is  in  figure 
and  tafte,  fomething  like  our  garden-beans 
in  Europe,  The  fecond  fort,  is  a  fize  larger, 
growing  in  cods,  about  half  an  ell  long  i 
the  beans  ire  of  a  bright  red  colour.  The 
third  fort,  is  almoft  like  thofe  very  fmall 
beans,  call'd  princefles,  but  of  a  detpcr 
red :  this  fort  is  very  good,  nouriflimg 
and  delicate  food.  Thefe  three  forts  grow 
like  French  bcansin  France  or  England,  ei- 
ther propt  up,  or  creeping  up  by  a  hedge. 

The  firll  fort  of  tlie  pretended  fubterra- 
ncous  beans,  is  fmall,  and  call'd  there,  by 
tlic  Duub,   Jejooties,    running   along   the 
ground,   enclofed    in  long  flender    hufks 
They  eat  well,  when  green  and  young. 


subttrr*- 


The  other  fort  grows  on  bufhes  like  our 
goofebcrrics,  are  ftiell'd  like  green  peas, 
and  require  a  good  quamity  to  make  qp  a 
difli,  btit  are  neither  foft  nor  tweet. 

Another  fort,  which  is  call'd  Gobbe-Gob- 
bes,  grow  together  in  a  cod  under  the 
earth,  fliooting  out  a  fmall  leaf  above  its 
furface,  and  are  accounted  the  worft  of 
beans,  tho'  eaten  by  many. 

The  fecond  fort  of  carthbeans,  call'd 
Angola  beans,  as  being  but  of  late  brought 
over  from  thence,  and  tranfplanted  hither, 
if  fryed  like  chefnuts,  is  ?  very  agreeable 
fort  of  eatable. 

The  lall  fort,  growing  under  the  earth 
alfo,  are  >.hc  beft  of  all  the  above  fpecics  of 
beans,  if  they  muft  pafs  for  beans,  rather 
than  for  earth-nuts  ;  being  eaten  raw  out  of 
hand,  and  taftenot  much  unlike  hazlc-nuts. 
Thefe  pretended  forts  of  beans  arc  commonly 
broken  in  pieces,  foaked  in  water,  and 
fqueez'd  in  a  cloth.  Their  liquor  boil'd 
with  rice,  paffes  every  where  in  this  country 
for  milk,  and  when  fealbn'd  with  butter, 
cinamon  and  fugar,  will  not  eafily  be  taken 
for  any  other  thing  by  thofe  who  art  not 
acquainted  with  it. 

G  A  RD  EN-Wa  R£. 

TpHE  Salad  Herbs  and  Cabbt^e,  which 
■*■  the  European  gardens  aRbra,  in  fome 
parts  of  the  Coaft,  are  of  the  feeds  brought 
from  thence  ;  and  thrive  pretty  well  in  fome 
grounds,  if  well  cultivated  and  look'd  after, 
efpecially  Roman  lettuces,  melons,  and 
cabbage,  which  are  very  delicious. 

The  wild  purflain  is  very  plenty  every 
where,  and  a  good  refrefhment  to  tne  Eu- 
ropeans, efpecially  failors,  to  make  broth  -, 
iiioic  paiiitularly  to  the  i^ri-Bf/i,  who  gene- 
rally are  fond  of  pottage,    wherever  they 

go- 
Here  is  alfo  a  fort  of  Pulfe,  called  Tetie, 
the  plant  and   leaf  not  unlike  that  of /iap?. 
It    has  fomething  of  the  fourilh  tafte  like 
Sorcl,  and  is  very  ftomachical. 

There  are  above  thirty  fcveral  forts 
of  green  herbs  extraordinary  wholefome, 
which  are  the  principal  remedies  in  ufe 
among  the  Blacks,  as  being  of  wonder- 
ful efficacy  i  as  likcwife  fome  forts  of  Roots, 
Branches  and  Gums  of  trees,  which  if  well 
known  in  Europe,  would  perh.ips  prove 
more  fuccefsful  in  the  praftice  of^  phyfici<, 
than  other  things  in  common  ufe ;  or  at  lealt 
the  ufe  of  theft  herbs,  fcfc.  would  prove 
more  fuccefsful  here  on  the  fick  Europeans, 
frequenting  this  coaft,  than  our  phyftcal 
preparations  brought  from  Europt  can  do, 
becaufe  they  have  loft  mofl  of  their  virtue, 
before  they  reach  the  coafl,  and  are  com- 
monly corrupted.  It  were  therefore  to  be 
wifhcd,  that  fome  European  phyfician  would 
take  a  voyage  into  Guinta,  to  enquire  into 

the 


iS: 


MnU 


Chap.  I  J.        Coafis  ^South-Guinea. 


W 


the  tiiture  of  thefe  plants,  no  other  pcrfon 
being  lb  proper  for  it. 

Su  Q  A  R-G  A  N  E  S, 

ji  R  £  found  here  and  there,  growing 
•*■•  wild  and  uncultivaied,  fome  twenty 
fooc  high  Or  mot%  ;  but  not  fo  fweet  nor  fo 
fiill  of  juice,  as  they  are  commonly  in  the 
[.■eward  idands  of  America,  becaufe,  as  I 
(\)ppofe,  they  are  not  rightly  managed  and 
planted  as  they  fliould  be.  The  country  of 
■Anlti,  as  t  faid  before,  has  the  moft  of  that 
f<tvect  p4ant,  and  undoubtedly  as  the  foil  is 
of  its  nature,  the  fugar-canes  would  im- 
prove to  advantage,  if  well  cultivated. 

Pepper  (Utd  G  i  n  o  £  r. 
T-  H  E  Mnlatttetta,  or  Giiinta  pejiper,  of 
■*•  which  I  have  Ipoken  at  large,  in 
the  defcriptioti  of  the  riverof  Sefiro,  in  the 
firftbObkof  this  vohimc,  grows  alfo  here, 
but  not  in  any  ^Hantity ;  either  on  Hitubs  in 
red  fliells  or  hiKks,  or  on  another  different 
figure  of  plant,  not  unlike  large  grafsreeds. 

Ginger  is  not  fo  common  on  the  coaft ;  it 
grows  only  at  fome  places,  but  in  very  in- 
confiderabie  quantity. 

The  Pimentt,  or  Spani/b  p«pper,  is  very 
plenty  hftre,  and  of  tv*o  forts,  great  and 
fmall  5  it  groi*s  on  ihrabs,  fome^i^t  lik«, 
tho'  Kttle  leG,  than  goofeberry  buthes  in 
Europe.  Both  ferts  arc  <irft  green,  but 
efttrwards  change  colour,  the  fmall  to  a 
beautiful  red  s  and  the  large  to  a  red  and 
Waok.  They  arc  both  much  hott?r  than 
common  pepper,  efpecially  the  fmaller  fort, 
*hieh  is  not  above  the  quarter  part  of  the 
me  v^f  the  other  :  but  the  plant  or  bulh  on 
whic'i  it  grows  is  fix  times  as  high,  and  wider 
exrcndetl,  than  the  other.  This  Pimento 
keeps  well  pickled  in  vinegar,  but  in  lime- 
iuioe  is  as  good  again,  being  more  corrobo- 
rating to  the  ilomach,  ami  very  whok-fome. 

Here  is  another  fruit  on  rfirubs,  much 
like  Cardamuin,  in  figure  and  tafte  •,  if  it  be 
not  really  the  right  fort. 

Stinking  Tobacco. 
"^'Arragcn,  and  "Tobacco  plants,  are  in 
great  plenty,  efpecially  tobacco,  but 
of  .1  very  forry  fort  generally  :  for  it  (links 
10  abominably,  when  ufed  in  the  pipe,  that 
'tis  almoft  impofllble  even  for  thofe  who 
nre  not  very  nice,  to  ftand  long  by  the 
Blidi  when  they  fmoke :  and  yet  they  like 
it  wonderfully.  It  is  moftly  fpcnt  by  the 
inland  people  -,  for  the  inhabitants  of  the 
coaft  have  frequent  opportunity  to  get 
Rratil  tobacco,  from  the  Portuguefe  trading 
there  ;  and  this  tobacco,  tho'  not  very 
pte.ifant,  and  very  ftrong,  is  far  more  tole- 
rable than  that  of  Guinea. 

Tile  tilacks  of  both  fexes,    are  fo  very 
fond  of  tobacco,  tiiat  they  will  part  with 
3 


the  very  laft  penny,  which  Aould  buy  tkem  Burbot- 
bread,  and  fuflfcr  hunger  rattier  than  be>^V^ 
i*ithout  it.  Thx  Puna^uefe  know  how  t* 
make  their  ad  vanta{(e  of  this  people's  greedi* 
nefs  of  tobacco,  as  do  the  French,  wh« 
bring  to  the  coaft  (t>me  qatatky  of  St.  (h- 
mingo  tobacco  I  both  fore  being  twifted 
like  cords  about  the  bignefs  of  a  fmaU  finger, 
of  which  they  often  make  five  (hillings  per 
pound,  tho'  it  is  fold  commonly  by  the  fa- 
thom meafure,  one  fathom  of  Braxilwd^' 
ing  about  a  pound. 

Another  thing  cfae  French  efpecially  bring 
moft  to  the  coaft,  is  Garlick :  'tis  fcarce  to 
be  conceived  how  greedy  the  Blach  gene- 
rally are  of  it,  (b  that  they  purchafe  it  at 
any  rate,  for  filh  or  even  gold  -,  and  Icon 
aver  I  have  my  felf  made  five  hundred  ji& 
Cent,  by  it :  but  not  in  any  quantity.  Whe- 
ther it  will  grow  in  this  country  or  not,  I 
am  ignorant,  as  well  as  concerning  onions. 
It  never  came  to  my  thought.to  enquire  inco 
it.  But  I  am  apt  to  chink  it  will  not,  any 
more  than  feveral  other  fruits  and  green 
herbscommon  in  EMrope,  which  never  eoanfi 
there  to  perfedson.  ' 

Fruit. 
■^H  E  fruit  Kola,  by  the  inhabitants  of  Kolt, 
*•  the  coaft,  call'd  Boefi,  grov.'s  here,  as 
in  Nerto-Guinua :  but  not  fo  plentifully. 
The  £Kr0^d«^  of  thet»aft  call  it,  cabbage- 
firuit.  I  refer,  for  a  farther  dcfcription  of  it, 
to  what  I  have  treatsd  thereof  in  the  prece- 
ding book,  fpeaking  of  Sierra  Letna.  Tiie 
Slacks  arc  of  onmion  here,  as  well  as  there, 
that  chewing  of^  it  helps  to  relifh  water,  and 
palm-wine.  They  do  alfo  commonly  eat 
this  Knln,  witli  lalt  and  malaguetta  ;  the 
fole  virtue  of  that  forty  fruit,  is  its  being 
diuretick  :  but  otherwife  it's  very  har(h,  and 
almoft  bitter  ;  and  draws  the  chewer's  mouth 
almoft  clofe.  Some  pretend  this  Kola  agrees 
exaftly  with  the  tafte  and  virtue  of  the  In- 
dian Betele  or  Anca. 

The  Ananas  is  a  fruit  common  to  this  Aoinas. 
country,  as  well  as  to  America,  and  other 
parts  of  the  world  ;  and  generally  much 
commendcft  for  its  lufcioufnefs  and  flavour, 
and  I  think  mult  be  accounted  thebtft  of 
the  fruits  ot  Guinea. 

The  nAtivesof  the  Cannry  IJlx>'ds  where 
it  growK  moll:ly  to  perfedion,  call  it  Ananofa; 
the  Britzilians,  Nava;  thokoi St.Domit^go, 
Jajama  ;  and  tht  Spaniards,  about  Rio  deia 
Plata,  Pinas,  in  regard  of  the  form  it  has 
of  a  phe-appie.  There  are  two  lores  of 
ananas,  at  Sratiil.  But  we  know  only  of 
one  fort  her?  on  the  coaft,  which  is  nothing 
near  lb  delickHis  and  large  as  the  ananas  of 
the  Caribbe  Iflands,  elpccially  of  Dommitu, 
one  Of  the  Antilks,  or  Ltvard  iilands  of 
Amtrka. 

This 


I- "11 


',  '"'B 


^41 


il! 


3a 


r  ^ 


■■:M 


zoo 


A  Defmpnott  of  the 


■\ 


BookIIL 


t$i.|i;^ ; 


Barbot.  This  fruit  is  commonly  at  maturity  in 
V^V^i'  March  and  April;  and,  as  it  happens  to  other 
fruits,  fome  are  large  and  others  fmall.- 
here  they  are  about  afpin  long,  and  about 
the  fame  thicknefs,  which  is  much  fmalicr 
than  I  have  feen  many  in  the  Lnvard  idands, 
where  I  dare  affirm  they  are  twice  as  big  as 
thofeof  Guinea. 

The  plant  there  grows  not  above  a  foot 
and  a  half  in  height,  and  the  ftalk  half  a 
foot.  It  fomcwhat  refembles  the  large  Sem- 
per-vivum,  with  this  difference,  that  the  ana- 
nas flioot  their  leaves  upwards,  being  nei- 
ther  fo  broad,  fo  thick,  nor  fo  gfeen  as  the 
Sernper-vivum,  which  is  always  of  a  very 
beautiful  green  ;  befides  that  the  leaves  are 
garnifh'd  on  each  fide  with  fharp  prickles,  and 
are  of  a  deep  yellow  colour,  fomewliat  incli- 
ning to  green,  and  fomewhat  like  Ahe- 
1  eaves. 

Betwixt  the  Ananas  leaves,  before  the 
fruit  appears,  grows  a  bloflbm,  about  as 
big  as  a  man's  fift,  which  is  very  green,  but 
adorned  with  an  extraordinary  beautiful  red 
crown,  and  furrounded  with  fmall  leaves, 
that  render  it  very  agreeable  to  the  fight. 
This  bloflbm  by  degrees  grows  into  an  Ana- 
nas ;  which  at  firft  is  green,  accompanied 
with  yellow  leaves,  but  in  ripening  chhnges 
to  a  perfeft  yellow:  when  the  Ananas  is'to 
be  eaten,  the  faid  leaves  that  furround  it, 
are  to  be  cut  off  with  the  fhell,  or  rind. 
The  crov.'n,  or  at  lead  a  partof  i'  remains 
firmly  fixed  to  the  fruit,  tho'  changed  to  a 
yellowifli  colour.  Before  and  round  about  the 
Ananas  fnall  fprigs  ftioot  out.whichare  plan- 
ted to  continue  the  fpecies  of  this  vegetable. 

The  people  in  the  hot  countries  of  the 
Eaji  and  tl^eft- Indies,  ai.count  the  Ananas 
to  be  a  gre.it  refreihment  and  delicacy,  when 
i:\ten  withcinamon,  fugar  and  wine  •,  the 
fruic  being  cut  into  dices,  the  moft  agreeable 
and  healthful  way  to  ulc  it,  tho'  reckoned 
hot  of  its  own  nature ;  befides,  if  frequently 
eaten  alone,  itnaufcates.  Some  pretend  it  is 
rather  of  a  cold  quality,  than  inflaming ;  but 
experience  proves  the  contrary,  the  hot  juice 
of  it  forcing  blood  from  the  throat  and  gum?. 

It  has  been  alfo  a  moft  general  opinion 
for  a  long  time  paft,  that  the  juice  of  tliis 
fruit  isfo  corrofive,  as  todiflblve  a  knife  that 
remains  iluck  in  it  but  half  an  hour,  much 
like  Acua-fortis ;  whereas  we  find  that  tho' 
the  knue  fhould  remain  many  months  to- 
gether, it  would  not  be  diffblved,  but  only 
be  blunted,  as  it  happens  in  the  cutting  of 
fome  forts  of  apples  m  Europe,  or  of  le- 
mons or  oranges,  but  more  particularly  of 
green  Bananas  or  Pianians.  So  that  this 
acidity  is  not  peculLir  to  the  Ananas,  The 
French  in  the  fVeft-Indies  eat  the  Ananas 
with  fugar  and  water,  and  the  Indians  by 
l'i.ATEi«.  themfel"cs.  I  have  given  a  true  draught 
ofthistruit,  taken  by  myfelf. 


As  for  pomgranates  and  vines,  I  hzvtPmi„ 
feen  but  very  few  along  the  Gold  Coajl.        "wif, 

Tiiere  are  a  few  pomgranate  trees  in  the 
gardens  of  Mina,  DaniJ/.Mnount,  Manfrou.. 
and  Motiree,  but  they  have  been  tranfplan- 
ted  thither  from  Europe ;  the  fruit 
whereof  is  commonly  fmall  and  more  luf- 
cious  than  ours  in  France,  befides  that  be- 
lore  they  come  to  maturity,  rhey  frequently 
rot  or  fall  off  i  fo  that  they  fcldom  ripen  to 
any  pcrfeftion. 

The  vine  is  alfo  brought  hither  fromww 
Europe,  and  thrives  very  well.  I  was  told 
of  that  which  I  faw  in  the  Danes  garden  at 
Manfrou,  that  it  bore  grapes  almoft  at  all 
times  of  the  year,  but  the  bunches  never  ri- 
pen'd  all  at  once,  there  being  at  the  fame 
time  green,  ripe  and  rotten.  I  have  eaten 
grapes  in  that  manner  two  or  three  times, 
which  were  pretty  fweet. 

The  Dutch  of  Mouree,  boaft  much  of 
their  vine  there,  which  exaftly  produces 
grapes  twice  a  year,  commonly  in  January 
and  Auguft,  and  call  it  the  Mourefe  vine, 
becaufe  there  is  no  other  on  the  roaft,  like 
it,  as  they  fay  »  and  according  to  them, 
would  doubtlefs  yield  a  vaft  quantity,  if 
feafonably  and  rightly  pruned  by  a  (kilful 
hand :  but  :is  it  is  managed  by  ignorant 
Blacks,  not  half  the  grapes  come  toper- 
fedliOki,  but  wither  or  rot  before  they  are 
half  ripe.  The  Portuguefe  planted  this 
vine  firft,  having  brought  it  from  Brazil, 
the  fryit  whereof  is  very  agreeable  to  the 
Europeans,  living  at  the  coaft.  It  is  obferv- 
able  that  vines  will  not  grow  any  where,  but 
at  this  place  oi  Mouree ;  for  at  Mma,  Man- 
frou  and  other  places,  they  do  not  thrive  near 
lb  well  as  there. 

Here  is  no  other  fort  of  .ipple,  but  of  ^../„ 
one  imperfeft  kind,  commonly  call'd  the 
Cormenlyi  apple,  becaufe  it  abounds  moft 
in  that  country.  It  is  as  big  as  a  walnut, 
with  its  green  hufk  on,  its  rind  is  yellow, 
fomewhat  inclining  to  red  :  in  the  core  are 
four  large  flat  bhick  kernels,  which  are  fur- 
rounded  by  the  pulp  or  the  fruit  it  felf, 
wiiich  is  red  and  white,  and  of  a  fort  of 
fliarp,  fweet  tafte  •,  but  moft  inclining  to 
acid.  'Tis  accounted  here  a  very  agreeable 
refrelhing  fruit,  very  comfortable  for  the 
fick,  particularly  thofe  nfllifted  with  the 
bloody-flux,  being  very  aftringent ;  and 
boiled  with  wine  and  fugar,  is  not  only  more 
ufetul,  but  more  agreeable  than  tamarinds. 

There  are  in  the  country  feveral  other 
fruit-trees,  not  only  vvknovin  to  Europeans, 
but  eaten  by  very  few.  iirrongft  them  is  a 
Ibrt  of  fruit,  like  our  blue  and  white  plums, 
in  fliapc  as  well  as  colour,  but  not  very 
well  tafted,  .is  being  fweet,  mealy  and  dry. 

The  papay-trees  abound  exceedingly  all  f'tty 
along  the  Gold  Coaft,  and  are  of  twolorts'"" 
male  and  female,   as  diftinguifh'd  there ; 

be- 


fi,  ;.   I 


ookIIL 

havePsm^m- 

i  in  the 
injrou.. 
ifplan- 
tVuit 
)re  luf- 
»at  be- 
^uently 
-ipento 

T  fromWw,', 
vas  cold 
irden  at 
>ft  at  all 
lever  ri- 
he  fame 
vc  eaten 
:e  times, 

much  of 
produces 
January 
'tfe  vine, 
laft,  like 
to  them, 
intity,  if 

a  Ikilful 
ignorant 
e  toper- 
they  are 
nted  this 
m  Brazil, 
ble  to  the 
is  obferv- 

here,  but 
na.  Matt' 
hrivc  near 

ie,  butof^..l„ 
Icall'd  the 
inds  molt 
a  walnut, 
is  yellow, 
le  core  are 
h  are  fur- 
Liit  it  ftlt", 
a  fort  of 
lining  to 
agreeable 
lie  for  the 
with  the 
■ent;    and 
[only  more 
larinds. 
■eral  othei 
\Eunpeam, 
them  is  a 
lite  plums, 
not  very 
and  dry. 
idingly  allJ'«W 
two  forts'"" 
I'd  there  v 
be- 


>        ,!,     ■!!. 


»^  )li    * 


.1  '. 


- 


ml:,'      !      ' 


!;iti 


r<  It  !,.   ;, 

)i\h  •'■■■■      ' 


iirit'f 


/V.//i-  /<". 


^-•;ii^ 


Jtrecf  of  anctto 


i^a 


^<\^XM^' 


i7iiJU'JeeJ 


Zjavuij  Jree 


MiiA0^^^ 


Ji^^ 


6/.  'Urpcnt  0^:1. dt  Cuifct 


jyjn4iS'i'^^^'''^^^M'0^ ' 


i^ 


^i  Juaar       ' 

f 


t 


1     P/^ 


MM- 


v,v/.  /:/j 


■^ 


ycvvenl  .i/Bifyf  CdVitine 

.1  ^m 


,fee 


pli^ 


\im 


(iSu 


uaar 


A 


mt 


Cane 


'>\ 


[•jiiiUvr  nil 


At   R 


'WnM: 


wm 


'    iiV;  .  f ■>>'>] 


^m  m 


•■I 


M'iflJ 


¥''f^ 


l,l!:ii;  1'^ 


:1 


S'liff  '«; 


■'yij-  t 


r  r 


nm 


Chap,  i; 

bccaiife 
tinuall) 
white  fl 
bloiroiT 
fome  h; 
niurh  r 
males } 
pleiifes, 
like  thi 
trees. 

The 

to  ihirt 

poll'd   I 

which  i 

may  vei 

with  a  I 

the  top 

but  as 

br.mche 

young 

grows, 

of  the 

almoft 

low :  ar 

grow  v( 

cleft,   n 

cepting 

The] 

the  cocc 

out,  anc 

very  rec 

white  k 

whence : 

rather  \ 

PiATii«.i*ee    the 

they   ar 

next  to 

fort  of 

different 

and  leavf 

it  bears  f 

Thep 

the  coaft 

of  Bana>, 

that  dtn( 

Eng'ijh  c; 

the  biiki 

guifh  th; 

The  1 

in  botl.  I 

time,  an 

ten  cone 

needlefs 

defcriptic 

fome  mo 

fuffice  foi 

efpecially 

very  goc 

but  once 

down,  ar 

five  or  fi> 

Theftc 

to  once  ai 

about  fo 

Vol. 


ril-irii. 


I  U:'!  ,. 


Chap.  I?'  CoafifofSovm-Gui'SEA. 


201 


bcciuife  the  male  bears  no  fruit,  but  is  con- 
tinually lull  of  bloflToms,  wiiich  are  long 
white  flowers.  The  female  bears  the  fame 
blolTomE,  but  not  fo  long  nor  fo  numerous : 
feme  have  obfcrved,  that  the  females  yield 
niurh  more  fruit  when  they  grow  near  the 
males  i  let  every  one  think  thereof  as  he 
plcafes,  as  well  as  what  is  reported  much 
[ike  this,  of  the  male  and  female  palm- 
trees. 

The  trunk  of  the  papay-trce,  is  from  ten 
to  thirty  foot  high,  and  very  thick  ;  com- 
pofed  of  a  fpungy  wood,  or  rather  root, 
which  it  moft  refembles.  It  is  hollow,  and 
may  very  cafily  be  cut  through  the  middle 
with  a  hatchet.  The  fruit  at  firft  grows  at 
the  top  of  the  trunk  without  any  branches  i 
but  as  the  tree  grows  older,  it  (hoots  out 
branches  towards  the  top,  refembling 
young  ftocks  i  on  which  the  fruit  alio 
grows.  At  the  very  top  of  the  trunk,  and 
of  the  branches,  (hoot  other  fmall  fprigs 
almoft  like  reeds  i  a  little  crooked  and  hol- 
low :  and  at  the  extremity  of  thefe  fprigs, 
grow  very  fine  broad  leaves,  frequently 
cleft,  not  much  unlike  vine-leaves,  ex- 
cepting the  fize  only. 

The  papay-fruit  is  about  half  as  big  as 
the  coco  nut,  of  an  oval  ftiape,  green  with- 
out, and  white  within ;  but  in  time  it  turns 
very  red  within,  and  is  full  of  numerous 
white  kernels,  which  are  the  feed  from 
whence  it  is  propagated.  The  papays  tafte 
rather  worfe  thuu  pompions.  You  may 
PL«Tii<.fee  the  figure  oi  this  tree  in  Plate  i6.  as 
they  are  found  in  the  Lewa  i  iflands  ■, 
next  to  or  under  whicii  letter,  is  another 
fort  of  papay-tree  of  that  country,  much 
different  from  the  former,  .t:  ro  the  bmnrhes 
and  leaves,  and  :he  place  where  commonly 
it  bears  fruit. 

The  pizang,  or  fig-trees,  are  common  at 
the  coaft,  and  generally  known  by  the  name 
of  Banana  and  fi;5trees  \  the  French  follow 
that  denomination  after  the  Spaniards.  The 
£«g.'?//j  call  them  Pl.intansAnd  Banana  trees-, 
tlie  Diitih,  Baccoven  and  Banana,  to  diftin- 
guilli  th ;  two  fpccies  tiiereof, 
rii-im.  The  pizang-tree  has  been  fo  well  known 
in  bot'.  the  Eaft M\<MVeJl- Indies,  for  along 
time,  and  fo  much  h;xs  already  been  writ- 
ten concerning  the  fame,  that  I  judge  it 
needlefs  now  to  enter  upon  the  particular 
<lefcription  of  each  fpecies ;  referring  it  to 
fome  more  proper  place  hereafter.  It  (hall 
fuflice  for  the  prefent  to  fay,  that  their  fruits, 
cfpecially  the  Plautan,  or  Indian  fig,  are 
very  good,  that  tiiey  bear  in  a  year,  tho' 
but  once  in  all,  for  then  the  (lock  is  cut 
down,  and  from  the  root  there  flioot  out 
five  or  fix  frefli  ftocks. 

Theftock,  if  it  may  be  lb  call'd,  grows 
to  once  and  a  half  or  twice  a  man's  height, 
about  four  foot  about.     The  leaves  of  the 
Vol.  V. 


tree  arc  about  eight  or  nine  foot  long,  and  Bar  nor 
about  three  foot  broad,  and  end  in  a  round  (•VN^ 
point.  The  fruit  grows  at  the  bottom  of 
the  leaf  on  a  great  llalk,  in  a  cod  of  about 
ciglit  inches  long,  and  the  bignefs  of  a 
black-pudding.  The  cod  is  of  a  fine  yellow 
colour,  often  freckled  with  red,  which  be- 
ing taken  oft',  the  infide  of  it  is  white  •,  but 
the  Planlan  it  felf  is  yellow  like  butter,  and 
as  foft  as  a  ripe  pear.  Sometimes  fifty  or 
fixty  grow  upon  one  ftalk,  and  five  or  fix 
ftalks  upon  a  tree  :  they  arc  an  extraordi- 
nary good  fruit,  very  uf;ful  to  mankind  in 
moft  parts  of  tiie  Ei!jl  and  JVeJl-Indics, 
where  there  is  great  plenty  of  thi;m,  as  I 
have  alrcidy  faid.  In  Itriftncfs  this  plant 
cannot  be  well  call'd  a  tree :  the  colour  of 
its  leaves,  its  ftatelinefs  and  beauty  is  cer- 
tainly to  be  admired  -,  when  moved  by  a 
gentle  breeze,  it  is  plcifint  and  agreeable. 

The  5<j«rt«((-trec  is  much  the  fame,  onlyj^„j„^. 
the  fruit  is  not  fo  long  as  the  PLuitan;  which,  tnt. 
as  I  faid  before,  is  about  eight  inches  long, 
and  the  Banana  not  above  fix.  It  grows  in 
the  fame  manner  as  tiic  PLmtan,  fiffv  or 
fixty  in  a  clufter,  upon  or.e  ftalk.  The 
fruit  is  fomtwhat  party  or  doughy,  yeC 
pretty  fweet,  delicate  and  kifcious. 

Both  forts  of  fruit,  if  gather'd  when  yet 
Ibmewhat  green,  will  keep  pretty  well, 
hanging  up  the  clufter  to  the  cicling  of  a 
houfe,  or  in  a  fhip ;  wliere  they  ripen  by 
degrees,  the  figs  being  cut  into  ftices,  the 
figure  of  a  crofs  appears  on  each  flice,  fo 
exaftly  imprinted  by  nature  in  the  heart  of 
the  fruit,  that  the  Portugitefe,  who  are  very 
fcrupulous,  if  not  fuperftitious  in  many 
things,  never  cut  thefe  figs,  but  break  or 
bite  them,  thinking  ihey  cannot  cut  them 
with  a  knife  or  other  tool,  without  lofing 
the  veneration  they  bjar  to  the  crofs. 

This  fruit  in  many  parts  of  the  Eajl  and 
IVeJi- Indies,  is  eaten  inftead  of  bread,  roafted 
or  boil'd,  juft  at  the  time  it  is  come  to  its 
full  bignefs,  fomewhat  before  it  is  quite 
ripe,  or  turn'd  yellow,  as  I  have  my  ielf 
eaten  it  thus  prepared  at  the  prince's 
i.land  in  the  bight  or  Guinea.  It  rats  well 
alfo,  with  a  (auce  made  with  pimento  or 
malaguetta,  fait  and  lemon-Juice,  andtaftes 
better  than  dry  bread  in  France.  It  is  like- 
wife  very  agreeable  ftew'd  with  wine,  cina- 
mon  and  fugar,  and  alfo  made  into  tarts, 
baked  in  an  oven,  or  raw,  or  boil'd  into 
puddings,  as  I  fliall  more  fully  obferve  here- 
after. 

Thofewho  are  of  opinion,  that  the  leaves 
of  this  tree,  were  the  leaves  with  which  our 
firft  parents  covered  their  naketlnefs,  arc  not 
fo  much  out  of  the  way,  partly  becaufe 
thefe  leaves  are  long  and  broad  enough  for 
that  fervice  ;  for  two  leaves  few'd  together 
will  make  a  frock  for  any  man,  almoft  to 
his  ankles  ;  and  partly,  by  reafon  they  arc 
F  f  f  called 


ll  «• 


■^? 


■li  I'-."     I'/ 


||::i 


m 


201 


y^  Defer iptioft  of  thn 


Book  UJ. 


PtATr 


Harbot  called  fig-lMvcs,  and  thefe  trers  bear  the 
^^^V^'nanr:  of  Jiulijn  figs.  Though,  on  the  other 
hand,  it  mull  bcown'd,  that  they  are  very 
unfit  for  clutiiing  or  covering,  becaule  a 
touch  of  t.ie  finger  makes  a  hole  in  them  ; 
befides  that,  it  is  fiid  Gen.  3.  6.  Iiwai  beau- 
ti/ul  to  the  eys,  aid  fleafant  to  thefi^hi.  If 
hereby  is  meant  the  fruit,  it  does  not  fuit 
with  the  plantan-fig,  whofc  form  is  long, 
and  rcfcniblci  a  large  pudding,  of  a  yel- 
low green,  and  has  nothing  in  it  fo  ex- 
traordinary beautiful,  Howloever  that  may 
be,  this  fruit  is  a  very  good  rcfrclhmcnt  in 
the  hot  climates,  being  of  its  nature  fomc- 
wliat  cooling,  laxative,  and  very  nouriHiing. 
I  laving  obferv'd,  in  all  the  relations  of  the 
Kaft  and  IVeJl-Indiesy  where  the  authors  have 
drawn  the  figure  of  this  plant,  that  it  was 
not  exjdtly  done,  I  thought  proper  to  pre- 
lint  tiie  rcaiiiT  with  a  true  draught  in  I'late 
717.  Letter  N. 

Merc  are  two  forts  of  coco-nut  trees,  the 
one  called,  for  dillinftion,  the  right  coco- 
tree,  which  flioots  up  to  the  height  of  thirty 
or  forty,  or  fometimes  fifty  foot,  gcncr.dly 
fliiiiler  and  Oreight,  bears  its  truit  the 
fourth  or  fifth  yi'ar,  and  lives  fifty  years  and 
lon<i,cr. 

The  branches  or  leaves,  are  like  thofe  of 
the  palm,  excepting  that  the  coco- branches 
aie  not  fo  long  or  fit  for  the  ufes  the  other 
arc  put  to.  Thf  leaves  are  fome  three,  fomc 
four  fathoms   long,    and  it  produces  that 
we  call   the   coco-nut  ;  which,    with  the 
outer  rind  on,  is  bigger  than  a  man's  head. 
The  outer  rind  being  taken  oft",  there  ap- 
pe-ars  a  fhell,  fbme  of  whicli  will  hold  near 
a  quart.    Within  the  fhell  is  the  nut ;  and 
within  the  nut,   is  about  a  pint  and  a  half, 
more  or  lefs,  as  the  nut  is  larger  or  fmalkr, 
of  pure,  clc;ir,  fweet,  and  rcfrcfhing  water, 
which  is  very  cool  and  plcafant.     The  ker- 
nel of  the  nut  is  alfo  very  good  -,  when  pn  t- 
ty  old,  it  is  fcraped  or  fliced,  and  the  fcra- 
pings  being  fet  to  foak  in  about  a  quart  of 
trefh  water,  for  three  or  four  hours,  the  wa- 


the  nut  be  very  old,  the  kernel  will  of  irfi  ]( 
turn  to  oil,  which  is  often  made  nlc  of  to 
fry  with,  but  mod  commonly  to  burn  in 
lamps.  So  that  fiom  this  tree  it  may  he  fliiil, 
they   have  meat,    drink,  (k  'inif,  lunifcs. 


Twoforti 
of  coca- 
trtti. 


ter  being  ftrain'd,  has  the  colour  and  raftc 
of  milk;  and,  if  it  ftands  a  while,  wil!  have 
a  thick  fcum  on  it  not  unlike  cream.  This 
milk  being  boil'd  with  any  poultry,  rice,  or 
otlier  meat,  makes  a  very  good  broth,  and 
is  reckoned  very  nourifhing,  and  often  gi- 
ven to  fick  perfons.  Every  fhip  ought  to 
provide  a  quantity  of  thefe  nuts,  when  they 
can  get  them,  to  help  their  fick  men  in  the 
patfage.  The  leaves  of  the  trees  ferve  to 
thatch  houfes ;  the  outer  rind  of  the  nut, 
to  make  a  fort  of  cloth,  and  rojics,  rigp;ii,g, 
cables,  fcff.  The  fhell  of  the  nut  makes 
pretty  drinking  cups;  italfoburn^well,  and 
makes  a  very  fierce  and  hot  fire.  The  ker- 
nel ferves  inffead  of  meat,  and  the  water 
therein  contain'd  inflcad  of  drink  ;  and  it 


firing  and  rigging  for  their  fliips.  i'i.t  tiiere, 
through  the  ignorance  of  the  Blacki,  no  o- 
ther  advantage  is  maile  of  them,  than  what 
the  nut  affords,  both  the  kernel  and  the 
milk  within  it,  being  very  pleaf.mt,  as  has 
becnfaid,  when  at  its  full  maturity.  Whilft 
the  nut  grows,  it  is  full  of  liquor  within  ; 
but  as  it  ripens,  by  degrees  the  flelli  or  ker- 
ne! begins  to  form  itfelfon  the  infiJeof  the 
fliell  i  and,  by  little  and  little,  that  white 
fubllance  grows  thick  and  hard.  I  prtfent 
you  with  my  own  dr.iwing  of  this  tree,  in 
Flatc  17.  Letter  Q^ 

The  wild  coro  or  palm-trees  growing  here. .  I^^*" 
bear  a  fruit  which  but  very  few  of  the  Euro-  ,,'J" 
pearts  eat,  tho'  the  B'ttt-h  do.     'J'liis  tree  is 
very  inuch  thicker  than  the  right  coco- tree, 
efpcci.illy  in  the  middle,  where  it  is  of  a  vali 
bignefs ;  anil  what  adds  to  the  wldnefs  of 
its  figure,   is,  that  the  top  and    bottom  arc 
one  half  fmaller.     At  the  top  grows  a  *ruit, 
which  feems  to  be  the  pith  of  the  tree,  and 
is  cali'd  palm-cabbage,  bcraufe  it  has  a  foit 
ofcabbagy  taf>e,    or  rather  that  of  bot- 
toms of  artichoaks ;  it  eats  very  wc'.l,  either 
boil'd,  and  afterwards  put  into  butter  fauce 
and  nutmeg ;  or  raw,  with  pepper  and  fait, 
as  green  artichoaks  are  eaten.  Sec  the  figure 
in   Plate  17.    Letter  O.      The   branches  PL<,t 
are  commonly  about  nine  or  ten  foot  long  •, 
and  about  a  foot  and  half  from  the  trunk  of 
the  tree,  they  flioot  forth  leaves  four  foot 
long,  and  an  inch  and  half  broad:    thefe 
leaves  grow  fo   regularly,    that  the  whole 
branch  feems  but  one  entire  leaf.     The  cab- 
bage,  when  it  is  cut  out  from  amongfl:  the 
branches,  is  commonly  fix  inches  about,  and 
a  foot  long,  fome  more  fome  lefs,   and  is 
as  white  as  milk.    At  the  bottom  of  the  cab- 
bage grow  great  buiKhcs  of  berries,  of  about 
five  pound  weight,   in  the  flia{x:  of  a  bunch 
of  grapes  -,  their  colour  is  red  like  a  cherry, 
anil  the  berries  are  about  the  bignefs  of  a 
lilack  cherry,  with  a  large  flone  in  die  mid- 
dle ;  and  they  talte  much  like  Engliphaws. 
They  never  climb  up  to  get  the  fruit  or  cab- 
bage, becaule  the  tree  is  fo  high,  and  there 
is  not  any  thing  to  hold  by  ;  and  therefore 
'tis  a  hard  matter  for  a  man  to  get  up,  tho' 
the  trunk  of  the  tree  is  made  up  outwardly 
with  feveral  knots  or  joints,  about  four  in- 
ches from  each  other,  like  bainboe  cane, 
void  of  any  leaves  except  at  the  top. 

Befides  the  coco-nut-trees  and  the  mhlfmrkf 
coco-trees  above  dcliTib'.'d,  this  country  i'/"""! 
furnilh'd  with  lour  otlier  fpecies  or  kinds  ot^'^'"' 
palm-trees,  tho'  not  I'o  plentifully  about  tlie 
Ihore,  as  farther  up  inland. 

Pal  m- 


1;. 


\ 


^OOK  III. 


if  itfc  If 

11'  of  to 
nirn  in 
lu-  fiiiil, 
lumfcs, 
t  tlieri', 

no  o- 
\n  wliat 
nd  the 

:is  h.\» 
Whilft 
within  I 
or  ker- 
e  of  the 
u  white 
prtfent 
tree,  in 

nchcre. ,,,,, 
ic  turo-  (,„ 
)  tree  is 
CO- tree, 
of  av.ilt 
Inifs  of 
torn  arc 
i  a  fruit, 
ce,  and 
as  a  fort 
of  bot- 
I,  cither 
tcr  faiice 
and  fait, 
he  figure 
tranches  put:  ,;. 
It  long  •, 
trunk  of 
bur  foot 
ihefe 

whole 

he  cab- 

gll:  the 
jut,  ami 

iind  B 
tlie  cal> 
ibout 
bunch 
icrry, 
i  ot  a 

he  mid- 
haws. 

or  cab- 

d  there 

lerelbre 

p,  tiio' 

twardly 

bur  in- 

e  cane, 


.v« 


3f 


fb 


?^r 


he  wild  Fmrl:it 

intry  vi--'"'t 

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(Out  the 


A  L  M- 


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t 

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^'^"^'^^ •- 

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-j-j-i  ' = 

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T"MS 


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t"*"*^''- 

^^^Z!n^r^ 

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hil  i 


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it 


CiiAi".  15-  Coa/lsofSnuTM-GviNF.x. 


20? 


fiffjt'i' 


jtirJ/*''. 


I' A  I.  M-Wl  N  E  Tr  E  I  n. 

7'IIK  liill  I'lH'cirs  is  tlic  m'nuine  pulin- 
winc  tri'c,  Willi  li  .\trorils  tl»c  inhabir.uus 
both  wiiif  anil  oil. 
Tlic  Ircoiid  IS  tlif  pilm-winc  tree, only  to 
""*^ ""  [if  tounil  m  till-  Eiitiin  rountiy,  Jor  it  j^rows 
IK)  wlirrc  flic  i  the  wine  ot  which,  ii  there 
I  illM  qii.ikcr-wini-,  tor  rcilons  given  here- 
tofore. 

The  tliiril  fort  is  the  p.inlon-wine  tree, 
which  grows  no  wlirrc  liut  in  the  j.inils  ol 
jixim,  Anc  hi-r,  and  /Ibncro,  ;  and  (bmc,  but 
not  many,  in  the  country  ol  Aiiti. 

'I'he  lourth  Ibrt  is  the  crifTia-wine  tree, 
which  is  only  |X(iiliar  to  tne  countries  ot 
,/«/.(,  [/ah  or  Jiihi,  ami  /tilnm. 

A  finj^lc  n.iliii-wine  tree,  when  onre  at 
maturity,  wliifh  is  at  ten,  twelve,  or  tiftcen 
years,  afVordinc  Init  ten,  lllteen,  or  twenty 
jr.illons  of  wine  to  be  ilrawn  out  of  it,  pro- 
nortionabiy  to  the  (•ooilnels  ot  the  {'.round 
in  which  the  tree  i^  planted,  and  btinj^  af- 
icrwards  cut  down,  and  tit  lor  nothinf; 
Init  fewd,  it  is  natural  to  inter  that  there 
mull  be  a  prodigious  number  of  tlicm  in 
the  country,  confidrrin}^  what  v.ifl  (]uan- 
titicsof  that  wine  comciiaily  to  the  coaft- 
niarkets  ami  ell'ewhere,  or  elfc  the  wine 
woulil  he  foon  at  an  end,  being  commonly 
fold  at  two  (liillings  the  half  anchor  of  five 
gilions,  or  thereabouts ;  and  at  feme  times 
aiul  places,  it  is  one  half  cheaper  than  at  o- 
tlier. 

The  right  palm-wine,   being  drank  frefh 
when  it  comes  froivi  the  tree,  is  delicious, 
and  more  agreeable  than    the   finetl  me- 
theglin  i  but  withal  Ibftrong,  thi^t  it  foons 
rilm-»i"gets  into  the  head,  and  intoxicares,   Rnrth.u 
Mil-    which  tlie  country  |ieople  bring  ilaily  to  the 
coalf,   or  to  markets,  is  nothing  near  fo  a- 
grreable  and  Ihong,  bccaufe  ot  tlic  large 
mixture  of  water  they  put  into  it,    rho*  it 
Hill  retains  an  inebriating  quality  ;  which  ii 
the  thing  tivat  renders  it  motl  acceptable  to 
the  BLick',  who,  from  thetr  infancy,  areufed 
toilrong  hot  lic];iors ;  lor  oiiierwife  this  a- 
iluiterated  wine  would  not  be  fo  taking  as  it 
is  generally,    not  only  among  the  meaner 
fort, buteven  among  thofeof  a  higher  fphere. 
The  quaker-winc  of  F/inliii  exceeds  the 
fisrmcr  foinewhat  in  pleafantnefs  of  flavour, 
and  very  much  in  llrength  -,    half  the  quan- 
tity of  this,   as  of  the  other,   working  the 
fameefTcc't.  The  trees  whence  'tis  cxtradlcd, 
are  commonly  not  much  above  half  as  big 
as  the  giniiine  palm-wine  tree. 

The  pardon  wine  o^Asim,  .ind  other  ad- 
jacent places,  is  not  fo  ftrong,  but  has  as 
pleatant  a  rafte. 

Thecriirui-winehasnomannerof  ftrength, 
and  a  very  different  flavour  from  all  the  o- 
thcr  abovcnientioncd.  This  wine,  when 
drank  Ircfli,  taltcs  like  milk,  but  can  hardly 


■ml 


?Htkir- 
tilt. 


firJn- 

r'i/4. 
rim. 


keep  fweet  above  ten  hours  after  'til  tlrawn  \  Ram  tin  r 
for  after  that,  it  become*  iiuite  four  ami  ^^"V^ 
gooti  tor  nothinj;. 

The  lil.i.ts  (ay,  that  the  tiM]'ientexcellcj 
tiiereot  inliaiiies  and  t'wells  ih-;  imUuIinc 
member  prodi^^ioully :  and  thence  ic  mult 
proceed,  that  the  inhibitantiol. ■/«/,;,  J.ihs, 
and  /t,lom,  are  much  more  tioiibicd  with 
thatdileafe  than  any  ot  iheother  people  a- 
Ixiut  the  (liorc. 

Tlie  pardon  and  irifTia-wines  ,ire  itrawn 
Iroiii  till  trees  whillt  ihi  y  are  I'.rowing,  from 
tour, or  live,  or  more  U.ilks,  every  zwx  gene- 
r.iily  llioois  o'lt.  Hut  the  riglt  |).iliii  and 
quaker-wines  are  diltilj'd  when  tlic  trees  arc 
ohl  eno'igh  to  be  cut,  which  is  ilonc  after 
thismmn.  r: 

They  liripthe  tree  of  all  its  branches,  and  ffinf,  h* 
when  it  ha.  llooil  a  few  d.iy-,    they  bore  a i^''""'' 
little  hole  in  tlie  thi^  ketf  pot  of  the  trunk, 
into  which  they  drive  a  linall    buliulli  or 
reed  j  thro*  wliicli,  the  li(iuor  drops  into  a 
jwt  fet  iintler,    anil  tied  to  the  trunk  to  re- 
ceive it.     Tims  tlie  wine  dillils,  but  lb  very 
Howly,  that  it  II. tree  tills  a  potile  in  twenty- 
lour  iiours.      In  thism.uiiKr,  it  yiilds  wine 
lor  twenty,"  or  thirty,  or  fomi  times  n;orc 
days,  according  to  the  n.iture  of  the  ground 
the  tree  is  planted  in  j  and  when  it  is  almofl 
cxhauflcd  of  its  juice,  they  kindle  a  tire  at 
the  bottom  or  loot  of  it,  in  order  to  draw 
with  a  giT-.ter  forcr,  what  little  liquor  may 
be  ftill  Irtt  in  it.     In  fome  places,  when  the 
pardir.    and   criflia-wine   trees   are  ilrawn 
whil ,'  yet  growing, and  ire  .ilnioll  exhaufted, 
they  cut  them  down,  and  kindle  a  fire  at 
one  end  of  the  trunk  laid  on  the  ground, 
and  hold  a  pot  at  the  other  end  to  receive 
the  liquid  lubftance,  the  tbrce  or  power  of 
the  fire  forces  out. 

This  way  of  extrafting  i)alm-wine,  Ihews 
what  a  multitude  of  palm-trees  there  muft 
be  in  thefe  parts  •,  whereas  in  the  Imlii's, 
they  don't  ilr.iw  ofl"  all  tlie  wine  at  orirt, 
but  leave  a  rcmain<fer  for  the  nouriflimenc 
and  maintenance  of  the  trees. 

The  trunk  of  the  palm-tree  k  commonly 
five  foot  about,  and  as  high  as  a  man.  The 
qiiakcr-wine  tree  is  not  above  half  Ibbig. 

Thefe  two  forts  of  p.dm  trees  Ihoot  their 
branches  upwards,  lome  of  which  exceed 
twenty  fo  )t  in  length,  and  arc  call'd  t>am- 
bocs,  much  ufed  for  covering  ol"^  houfes, 
and  for  hedges.  On  each  tide  of  thefe  Ixim- 
boes  grow  tniall  long  flips,  which  are  their 
leaves. 

The  pardon  and  criflla-trees  grow  much 
like  the  coco-nut  trees,  but  have  a  much 
flcndererftalk, and  abundantly  fl^iorttr;  cfjx;- 
cially  the  crilTia  tree's  which  are  not  half  lb 
high  as  the  pardon-tivts.  All  the  forts  of 
the  wineatbrelaid,  provoke  urine,  and  are 
reckoned  very  good  agaiiift  the  gravel  or 
ftone  in  the  bl.uider ;  and  thence  it  mult  be, 

tluc 


,'(ir.i; 


.!:!:  I 


:  *i 


mm 


i  : 


I    '  I 


Wh : 


HARROTtlnt  i'tw  or  none  of  the  B:icks  are  troubled 
C/W  with  tliofc  diltcmpers ;  :uid  tlio*  ii  will  loon 
make  a  man  drunk,  yet  tiic  himes  of  them 
do  not  lail  very  long,  and  caufe  no  hcad- 
ath.  It  is  a  great  blelfing  to  tiie  inhabitants 
of  tiiefc  countries,  to  bdo abundantly  fup- 
plicd  with  very  little  trouble  and  charges, 
with  fo  comfortable  and  plfafant  a  drink, 
whii-h,  with  the  help  of  bread,  filliand  fait, 
fubfifts  moft  of  the  people  on  thecoalf,  to- 
gether with  the  nuts  and  oil,  the  palm-trees 
turnifli  them  withbefides. 


Pal  m-Oi  l, 

'X' H  E  nuts  of  genuine  palm-trees,  when 

■'■  old,are  lover'd  with  a  black  and  orange- 
colour  fliell,  and  contain  the  palm-oil ; 
wliich  is  extradlcd  by  exprcflion,  as  that  of 
olives. 

Thefe  nuts  grow  fevcral  of  them  toge- 
ther in  a  duller,  at  the  upper  end  or  top  of 
the  trees,  commonly  as  large  as  pigeons-eggs 
clofe  fet  together,  which  at  a  dillance  look 
like  a  large  bunch  of  grapes. 

Tills  oil  is  naturally  red,  but  if  kept 
fome  years,  turns  alniofl:  white,  and  may 
be  prel'erv'd  fweet  twenty  yeaVs  or  more, 
if  rightly  potted  and  look'd  to.  It  is  a  little 
naufeous  at  firil,  to  fuch  as  are  unaccjaaiiited 
with  it  i  but  to  tliofe  who  are,  is  no  defpi- 
cable  fauce,  cfpecially  when  new;  it  is  alfo 
very  Itrengtlining  and  wholefome,  in  fo 
much  that  ibme  prefer  it  tlurc,  in  ll-veral 
diflic.  before  olive-oil. 

The  pulp  of  thefe  nuts,  after  prelTing 
out  the  oil,  is  a  delicate  meat  for  tlie  Buuks; 
and  when  kept  till  old,  is  extraordinary  gooil 
to  fatten  hogs,  and  render  their  flelh  very 
firm.  The  Hone  of  the  nut,  is  almolb  as 
big  as  a  common  walnut,  and  hard  as  iron, 
having  three  very  fmall  holes  or  openings  at 
one  tnd :  this  ftone  contain ,  three  fmall  ker- 
nels, as  big  as  fmall  almonds,  and  have  no 
favour. 

This  palm-oil  is  of  great  u\'c  to  the 
inhabitants,  in  fcveral  refpedls ;  for  befuies 
its  ferving  to  fealon  their  meat,  fifli,  tj^r. 
and  to  burn  in  their  lamps  to  light  them  at 
night,  it  is  an  excellent  ointment  agaiiill 
rheumatick  pains,  winds  and  colds  in  tlie 
limbs,  or  other  like  difesfes,  being  applied 
very  warm.  The  Blacks  in  general  .'.noint 
their  bodies  almoft  every  day,  all  over  with 
it  i  which  foftcns  and  renders  their  Ikin 
fmooth  and  almoll:  fliining,  and  thereby 
more  capable  of  bearing  the  intemperances 
of  rain  and  weather. 

1  have  been  very  prolix  in  the  defciijnion 
of  all  thefe  diflercnt  forts  of  palm,  coco- 
nut, and  of  the  pizang-trees,  plantans  and 
bananas.  But  1  thought  it  a  fervicc  to  luch 
as  Ihall  frequent  that  part  of  Guinea,  the 
produftions  of  the  aforefaid  plants  being 
of  fo  great  ufe  and  benefit  to  the  travellers, 


A  Dcfcription  of  the 


Book  III. 


Stont  »/ 
the  nut. 


Vfe  ,f 
f»lm  III. 


which  has  been  the  principal  motive  of  my 
undertaking  fo  laborious  and  tedious  a  work 
as  this  is. 

Hc.e  are  very  few  or  no  orange-trees,  ex-  o,^,„, 
cept  in  the  country  of  Axim,  whicli  is  richly  ,„'"f" 
(lored  with  the  fweet  as  well  as  lour.  Tl)c 
fweet  are  pretty  good,  and  of  an  ngretabit: 
tafte  i  there  are  lomeof  thefe  orange-trees, 
in  each  of  the  gardens  of  the  DiitJj,  Ei:g~ 
liJJj  and  Danes  chief  forts,  and  on  the  hill 
near  Boutry  fort,  but  efpecially  at  Mw.a. 
There  tliegeneral'slarge  garden  is  extraordi- 
nary full  of  them,  fome  little  fliort  of  Chtu:!. 

The  lemon,  or  rather  lime-trees,  grow;^,„ 
all  over  the  coall,  but  efpecially  at  Mourcc,tr"T 
where  in  favourable  .1-albns,  they  make 
above  two  hundred  cafks  of  lime-juice,  be- 
fides  great  quantities  ot  the  fmalleil  lemons 
pickled.  The  lemon-juice  fells  there  com- 
monly at  about  twenty  or  twenty  five  fliil- 
lings  EngliJJj  the  calk.  The  lemons  or  limes 
are  generally  no  larger  than  a  fmall  egg, 
very  crabbed  and  four.  The  juice  is  ufcd 
by  the  Blacks  for  fauces,  as  alfo  to  waih 
their  teeth,  to  preferve  them  from  Icorbu- 
tick  humours:  and  fuch  ftiips  as  carry  fl.ives 
to  America,  provide  a  quantity  of  that  juice 
for  their  (laves  and  failors  againfl:  the  fcurvy. 
I  think  there  is  Ibme  made  at  Axim,  Man- 
froii  and  Bou.'iy,  but  not  in  any  quantity. 

I  had  almoit  forgot  to  mention  water- (fi,„. 
melons,  an  agreeable  and  rich  fruit,  bcciuiemtwi. 
there  is  no  plenty  of  them  there,  through 
the  lazinefs  of  the  Blacks ;  for  there  might 
be  abundance  along  this  coaft,  the  climate 
being  proper  for  them,  as  appears  by  what 
the  gardens  of  the  Europeans,  andefpeciaJly 
the  Dutch,  afibrd  of  this  fruit. 

They  grow  in  the  fame  manner  as  cucum- 
bers, but  bear  a  different  leaf;  and  are 
about  twice  as  big  as  mejons  in  France, 
being  in  their  prime  in  '/uly  and  Ai/gtiji  ; 
and  in  feafonable  years  they  have  them  twice 
a  year. 

This  fniit  is  lefs  injurious,  and  much 
healthier  for  a  feverifh  pcrfoii,  than  the 
Anana. 

The  water-melon  being  yet  unripe,  and 
not  at  its  full  bignefs,  is  green  without  and 
white  within  ;  but  when  come  to  maturity, 
the  green  rind  becomes  fjwckled  with  white, 
and  the  whitenefs  that  was  within,  is  then 
fomewhat  intermix'd  with  red  ;  the  more 
red  it  has,  the  riper  and  the  more  delirious 
it  is,  being  watry,  refielhing  anil  cooling. 
The  piitcoce-melon  is  eaten  like  a  fil.ul, 
alter  the  manner  of  cucumbers,  whiili  it 
lomewhat  relemblcs,  having  Inch  kcriifls  v 
which  when  the  fruit  is  full  ripe,  turn  blick, 
ami  arc  then  fir  10  plant.  The  (li  rti  of  this 
Iruit,  is  a  watry  congealed  fubliaiice,  whie!> 
melts  in  the  mouth,  as  loon  as  chew'd,  and 
therefore  a  man  may  eat  a  whole  melon, 
without  muclulirtkulty. 

Wild- 


Chap,  i ?•        Coafis  of  Sour h-G u i n  e a. 


W  1 1.  n-T  R  E  E  s. 

AS  to  tlic  wild-trees,  the  bed  p.irt  of 
tlif  whole  coiift  is  well  furnifli'd  with 
thcinolall  fiz!S,  but  efpecially  towards  the 
inland  couiuri(.s,  where  the  Ihitely  woods, 
and  I'wii-t  I  harming  groves  ferve  to  render 
the  inali|;nity  ot'the  pl;;ee  more  fupportable; 
tor  'lis  a  perfed  delight  to  travel  the  inland 
countries  up  land,  tho'  the  roads  arc  gene- 
rally Vi.ry  incommodious  and  bad,  as  has 
been  already  obferved.  The  countries  of 
and  about  Alina  and  Am,  are  more  bare 
ot  trees  than  other  pl.'ces  of  the  Gold  Coajl. 

Moll  of  the  Ibrts  and  fpecies  of  wild-trees, 
are  ot  another  kind  than  what  Europe  com- 
nionly  produces,  and  therefore  it  is  notcafy 
to  give  a  true  idea  of  them.  Amongft  the 
kveral  fpecies  thereof,  only  one  is  properly 
nimcei  -,  and  that  is  the  capot-trce,  or  the 
cotton-tree,  becaufe  on  them  grows  a  fort 
of  cotton-wool,  there  call'd  capoi,  which 
isveryul'elul  in  that  fcorching  climate,  foi 
filling  of  beds,  feathers  being  much  too 
hot. 

Somtof  I  h.Te  trees  are  fo  high,  thattheir 
braiu'ic^  ..nd  top  arc  K  arce  to  be  rcach'd,  by 
a  common  mulket-lliot.  The  wood  of  this 
capot-tree,  is  light  and  porous,  and  fcarce 
proper  for  any  other  ufe,  but  to  make  ca- 
no^'s.  And  the  great  ones  made  atz/viwand 
Cr,rn'.eiilhu  where  the  Blacks  are  dextrous 
artiils  at  fuch  work,  being  genei  ally  better 
than  thirty  foot  long,  and  proportionably 
broad,  made  of  a  flrait  piece  of  wood,  e- 
qually  thick  all  over;  and  confidcring  few 
trees  i;row  direcftly  fo,  it  is  eafy  to  conceive, 
that  the  canoes  t'.o  not  amount  to  above  half 
the  bulk  of  the  tree,  and  thence  to  infer 
how  jTodigious  high  and  large  fuch  trees 
mull  needs  be. 

The  inhabitants  do  not  ftick  to  affirm, 
there  are  fome  of  thefe  trees,  in  the  country 
large  enough  to  fhelter  or  cover  twenty 
thouland  men  under  them. 

There  is  one  tree  at  Axim,  which  ten  men 
could  I'earce  tathom,  for  the  prodigious 
fprouts,  which  clofely  furround  it, 

Tliefe  trees  are  full  of  thorny  prickles. 
Some  grow  up  in  fuch  a  woniierful  manner, 
that  it  liirpafT.s  what  themofl  fkilful  artilt 
coul.l  do  i  others  grow  fo  thick,  and  their 
fhady  boughs  are  fo  wide  extended,  that 
they  form  entire  alleys  -,  which  afford  an 
amazing  t.ui-f.idlion  to  any  who  are  inclined 
to  rake  the  pkallirc  of  walking  along  them. 

Thecapoi-trees  commonly  grow  to  the 
greatcd  height  and  widenefs,  when  planted 
on  moid  grounds,  and  near  the  fides  of  ri- 
vers and  watry  plac-s. 

It  is  very  like  ly  there  are  good  large  trees, 
fu  to  make  m.dfs,  it  not  tor  the  greateit 
Ihips,  at  lead  tor  barks,  yachts  and  floops. 
But  as  yet,  I  have  not  heard  that  any  Euro- 

V  o  I..  V. 


zosT 

fedns  have  made  any  ufe  of  them;  for  had  I^ahhot 
fuch    trees   fit  for  larger  or  Ihialler  tnails, '^^'V*^ 
been  fiiund  up  the  coimtry,  it  would  be  a 
very  difficult  tafk  to  bring  them  dov.n  to 
the  fliore,  the  ways  being  every  where  lb 
very  narrow  and  crooked. 

'I'here  are  alio  fevcral  forts  of  tree?,  vory  Cn'ir-'S 
tit  for  curious  works  in  wood,  ;ind  pirticu-"'" 
larly  the  country  o\  Antn,  and  that  of^'co/V, 
have  abundance  of  fine  yellow  wood,  where- 
of very  neat  tables,  chairs,  and  fiich  other 
neceffaricsrnay  be  made. 

I  fhall  conclude  this  difcourfe  of  trees, 
wi'h  obferving  that  the  BLi:ks,  in  all  parts 
'  f  this  country,  have  fet  afide  and  cunfc- 
crateil  tome  peculiar  trees,  as  they  Ao  moun- 
tains, rocks,  the  lea,  and  other  inar.imate 
beings,  under  which  they  perform  their  re- 
ligious worfhip;  thefe  being  generally  fuch 
as  nature  has  given  the  greateit  perfecliun 
to,  as  I  Hiall  farther  relate  in  the  coui  le  of 
this  defcription. 

Salt  made. 

WHERE  the  land  is  fo  high,  that  c,  W/;;,;. 
the  lea,  or  fak-rivers  cannot  overflow 
it,  the  natives  boil  filt  water  fo  long  in  cop- 
pers, or  earthen  pots  or  pans,  m.ideon  pur- 
pole,  till  it  comes  to  the  confillence  of  l.'.lt ; 
but  this  is  neither  the  fliorteff,  nor  the  moft 
profitable  way. 

At  thofe  places  where  the  fea,  or  falt-ri-By,/;,y«ij; 
vers  frequently  overflow,  they  dig  pits  to 
receive  that  water  ;  as  at  Cor/o,  Anamnhnu, 
and  Acra :  afterwards  the  fun  dries  up  the  li- 
quid part,  and  the  fait  remains  at  the  bot- 
tom, which  is  much  help'd  by  the  nitrous 
quality  of  the  ground  ;  fo  that  there  is  no 
manner  of  trouble,  any  farther  than  looking 
to  it  now  and  then,  and  gathering  it  when 
made. 

Such  Bt-.icks  as  are  unwilling  or  unable  to 
have  copper  boilers,  ufe  the  earthen  pots 
above-mention'd,  letting  ten  or  twelve  of 
them  clofc  to  one  another,  in  two  rows,  all 
cemented  together  with  dav,  as  if  done  by 
a  bricklayer,  keeping  a  fire  under  them, 
continually  fed  with  wooil.  This  is  a  te- 
dious and  toilfome  way  of  making  fait,  and 
the  quantity  it  produces  is  let's  conliderable. 

The  fait  made  or  boil'd  along  the  coafV,  irhiu. 
is  generally   very   white,    except  at  Acrit  -, 
but  that  made  in  the  Fantin  country  is  like 
the  very  liiow. 

The  fall  produced  in  the  pits,  is  generally  gyii^.j,/^ 
.nore  Iharpand  tart  than  that  which  is  madeifj/. 
l)y    boiling,    which  on    the  other  h.<nd  is 
commonly  more  pleafant  and  better  tailed, 
and  confequently  more  valuable. 

The  proper  feafon  of  the  year  to  make 
fait,  efpecially  in  the  i)its,  is  from  the  latter 
end  of  Novi'inber,  till  the  beginning  of 
Mtircb  i  the  fun  being  then  in  ilic  Zaiilh, 
and  confequently  his  force  greater  than  .it 
G  g  g  any 


fi\ 


■m 


^^Jf'-:] 


f;f; 


:i! 


.i':[; 


m 


1) 


'!''l^):iil-  u 


206 


yl  Dcfcription  of  the 


Book  in, 


Barhot.  any  other  time  of  tlic  year,  ilie  lanii;  is 
V^V^'.iifo  tlie  Iciiron  to  carry  it  into  nil  tiie  iiil.inil 
lountries,  tor  tlun  LJie  Blacks  conic  down 
from  tliolc  [urts  in  great  numbers,  to  liuy 
it  of  the  fiic-boilers,  and  carry  ii  away  in 
round  rccd  b.ifk'ts,  made  like  fugar-loivc--, 
and  covtr'dwith  the  leaves  of  ti\e  lamereeils 
the  batkets  are  made  of,  to  keep  the  lidt 
from  any  wet,  and  trom  liic  fcorciiin^he.its ; 
whicli  were  it  not  tor  the  dofc  packing  ol 
thofeball<eis,  would  loon  turn  the  lalt  very 
black.  The  fiid  baikcts  are  carry'd  on^thc 
backs  of  flaves,  tho'  never  fo  far,  or  in  Jo 
{',rcat  number. 

It  isllane  credible  how  the  fahwill  har- 
den, by  lying  any  time  in  thofe  bafkets, 
where  it  conl'oliiiates  into  one  entire  lump, 
lit  hard  and  firm,  that  it  re(]uires  1  pi;reat 
force  to  break  it.   The  Blmks  c.dl  fait  Inkiii. 


i'he  fait  of  the  coafl  in  gi^neral,  doc : 
not  keep  its  favour  very  long,  as  h.is  been 
found  by  experience  in  the  meat  faiteil  witli 
it,  which  grows  lliarp  and  bitter. 

The  HUhki  :dl  along  the  coafl  ,irc  en- 
rich'd  by  boiling,  or  making  of  l!dr,  and 
might  tUll  make  a  mueh  greater  atlvanti:,i, 
if  they  were  not  io  otteii  at  w.ir  amonir 
themltlves;  becaufe  all  the  inland  pco|  Ic, 
from  very  remote  parts,  mull:  f'tch  it  liom 
the  coatl,  antl  the  carriage  lb  far  up  the  in- 
land, being  very  chargeable,  the  poordt 
Ibrtof  the  natives,  are  fort'd  to  make- ulb 
ot  X  faltifli  fort  of  herb,  intlcad  of  (idr, 
which  is  there  fo  exc  i  fTwt  de.ir,  that  in  lonm 
places  far  up  from  Acra,  they  l.iy,  a  ll.ive, 
and  fometimcs  two,  are  given  for  a  haniltul 
of  lalt. 


( 


tl't  (jo!J 
Colli. 


CHAP.     XIV. 


Of  ■ivildand  tame  creatures  ;  elephant s^  buffaloes,  iyeers,  jackals,  crocodiles, 
litld-Ooars,  civet-cats,  'Vi^ild-cats,  deer,  antelopes,  apes,  monkeys  and  ba- 
boons i  the  Jluggard,  fnakes  and  (ir/n  jits,  lizards,  caineleons,  porcupines, 
jield-rats  \  com's,  ^leep,  fj^'nu',  goals,  horfcs,  ajfes,  dogs,  cats,  rats,  mice 
and  lueafels. 


Of  K  I.  E  P  H  A  N  T  S. 

THIS  part  of  Ibuth  G;(;;;<'J,  ih.;/ not 
altogether  liellitute  of  tleiihaius,  ei- 
pecially  up  tile  inland  country,  which  is 
JiKill  fliady  and  v.'oodcd  ;  yci  is  nothing 
near  fo  abundantly  ftoc  k'd  with  thole  \'.ilt 
creatures,  as  are  all  the  lands  to  the  well- 
ward  of  the  Golil  Coajl,  fVom  ijjeiiy  to  cape 
Pii'mas,  and  lb  onward  that  lame  way, 
which  is  intcr'd  from  the  great  muliiiude 
of  teeth,  which  has  been  there  tradeil  tor, 
every  year  fuccefllvely,  from  ahiioll  time 
out  of  mind -,  and  particularly  on  the  .';^//,;- 
quti  coafl,  whither,  thole  immcnle  numlxrs 
of  the  laid  teeth,  are  in  all  probability 
brought  down  from  the  adjacent  inland 
countries  of  Aug^Ktiui,  JiimMorn,  and  others 
unknown.  From  one  end  to  the  other  (jf 
the  Gold  Coafl,  there  is  no  manner  ol  trade 
for  teeth,  that  I  ever  could  hear  of;  or  if 
there  be  any  at  Ibmc  particular  time,  it 
miift  be  towards  the  weft  eml  of  it,  and 
they  mull  be  brought  down  thither  from 
the  abovemention'd  inland  countries,  .uul 
from  thofe  of  fgziirn,  Ahmror,  Aihclcr, 
and  /Isiin,  in  whicli  there  is  st  much  greater 
number  of  elephants,  than  in  all  the  tdher 
countries  from  cape  Trcs  Ponta!.  totiic  l.ir- 
thelt  end  of  the  coafl  eaffward.  The  rea- 
ibn  given  for  this  dilFerence  is,  that  the  ftid 
countries,  cfpecially  tliof^.-  between  Anla 
and  /laa,  have  been  long  well  peopled  1 
and  it  is  rare  that  any  elephant  is  feen  .iliout 
tin  fiiore,  tho'  it  may  now  and  then  hipptii, 
ionic  OIK  happening  to  flray  Iryui  the  iiil.nid 


countries.  This  is  very  fortunate  for  the 
inhabitants  of  the  coatl,  the  elephants  being 
lo  milchievous  to  the  truits  and  plants,  as 
they  are;  lor  tlity  beat  down  tfone  or  brick-  ev/^.s, 
walls,  withoutmucli  (xerting  their  llrength, *■''"•""■ 
and  Iteming  only  to  touch  them  lightly."  "^ 
Much  lels  do  they  find  any  difHmlty  in 
tearing  the  coco-nut  trees,  which  they  do 
with  .IS  much  eafe  as  a  kill)  man  can  over- 
throw a  child  of  three  years  of  age  ;  and  be- 
ing lovers  of  figs,  bananas,  anil  other  forts 
ol  fruit,  they  would  del'.roy  all  the  trets 
which  Ix'ar  them,  devouring  not  only  the 
fruit,  but  the  brandies,  antt  of  fome  the 
very  tlem.  The  lame  they  would  do  with 
the  com,  could  they  come  at  it.  l-'or  this 
reafon,  if  any  elephants  happen  to  appe.ir 
near  the  fliore,  the  country  people  all  gathir 
to  .iflault  them  with  their  fir^- arms,  either 
to  kill,  or  ilrive  them  up  the  country  into 
the  woods,  which  are  'heir  n.tural  refuge 
mil  llielter.  Thele  encounters  with  ile- 
ph.inis  teldom  luppen  without  the  death  of 
one  or  more  B'tuki,  either  tr.impled  under 
fiet,  or  torn  in  pieces  liy  tluiii,  .is  lias 
been  often  leen,  wlun  any  of  them  ha\e 
come  in  fight  ol  the  torts  or  town--. 

The  (iiif.ca  elephants  ,ue  not  generally .'■m"''" 


near  lo  large  and  monllrous  as  traveller 
Ipeak  of  in  the  li.ijl-li/.iu's ;  for  in  Gi<ii:,'.i 
they  leldom  exceed  thirteen  foot  in  hiight, 
whereas  in  hnh.t  ihey  are  rejiorted  to  he 
twenty,  or  upw.uds.  Nor  are  there  white 
c  Icphants  known  lu  le,  as  i^  laid  to  be  there. 
liut  we  mull  not  oimi  to  take  notice,  ihit 
I  fomc 


imliJ. 


BookIhI  Chap.14.  CoiJ/ls  of  Sovrtf-Guit^EA. 


207 


.il,  iloci 
as  lucii 
ted  with 

,\rc  cn- 
iilr,  ami 
vani.ij^c, 
■  among 
I  pcoi  Ic, 

it  from 
p  the  in- 

\)oorilt 
naU(.'  ule 

of  O.lr, 
t  in  Ionic 
,  a  Have, 
1  handtul 


ocod/les, 
and  ba- 
raipincs, 
ts,  mice 


te  for  the 
mts  being 
plants,  as 
;  or  brick- '•'■'.''J™' 
■llrengtli,  :■'■''■' ••"'■'. 
11  lightly. 
fHtiiliy  in 
1  they  do 
an  ovcr- 
,  and  be- 
tiicr  fons 
the  tr.is 
iJhly  the 
tome  the 
|1  do  with 
I'or  this 
appear 
ill  gatlur 
iis,  cithiT 
niry  into 
111  ri'tiJge 
■ith   tie- 
death  of 
d  uinlor 
,is   I'.as 
L-m  h.vve 


,  iiiJa. 


general  Iv -'■'«'"''" 
ji-avdlcr-  ■''•••-,"  "■ 
li  (.inn:::!' ' 
I  ln.i^;lil. 
Id   10  hvL 

Ire  white 

lie  tliere. 

|cc,  tiiat 
lomc 


iri//- 


iuiii 


fome  relations  inform  us,  tlicre  are  white 
elephants  fariher  u[)  in  Aj'rini,  along  the 
liver  N{^<-'r,  in  I'.towihu  and  the  country  of 
ZiiK'niclhir. 

Saeh  a*-  t!ie  elephants  are  in  Gtiinca,  they 
jre  ceitainly  llroiig  and  fwift  <  reatures.  I 
have  already  faidlomerhin!;oi  their  llrength, 
and  as  for  Iwiftiiefs,  tho'  of  fo  great  bulk, 
no  liorfe  can  out-run  them.  'I'he  Blacks  ax. 
jMnui  call  an  elephant  Offon. 

This  creature  is  fo  well  known  almoft 
to''"*'  throughout  Euro[c,  that  ir  will  be  abfolutely 
necdlefs  to  proceed  to  a  defcription  of  its 
form  and  (i;:;ure  ;  much  lefs  to  repeat  abun- 
dance of  things  reported  of  its  natural  do- 
cility., wonderful  inllinft,  if  we  may  not 
call  it  iinderflanding,  and  many  other  fin- 
gular  qualities,  which  naturalilts  alllgn  it, 
as  well  as  Induvi  travellers.  That  it  is  ca- 
pable (if  performing  many  furprifing  mo- 
tions and  adlions,  has  been  fufliciently  made 
known  in  Eurol'c,  by  fu(  h  of  them  as  have- 
been  expoled  to  puhliek  view  in  Icveral 
cities,  AS  Paris,  DntiLu,   Ainjlrdu>n,>kc. 

As  to  their  (Irengih  antl  tury,  when  en- 
raged, after  being  made  drunk  with  wine, 
and  mulberry  juice,  read  i  Muccnh.  vi.  34. 
and  3  Maiiab.  v.  i,  ami  ;;o.  There  it  ap- 
pears the  elephants  in  that  condition  did 
niighty  execution  in  a  battle,  particularly 
if  the  mulberry  juice  and  wine  were  mix'd 
with  a  quantity  ot  frankincenfe. 

1  fuppofe  the  faitl  elephants  mentioned  in 
tho  M<ucabces,  were  fent  from  Ntihia,  or 
Milfmid  into  b'.g\;t,  fince  king  Pio!e?/ty  Pht- 
loptitor  could  get  f  vc  hundred  of  them  1.1- 
getlier,  to  ferve  him  in  his  battels,  as  ap- 
pears by  the  texts  •,  for  he  could  not  lb 
conveniently  have  got  fuch  a  number  out 
of  /A'vj. 

Nor  will  I  undertake  to  argue  about  the 
lenojth  of  their  life,  which  is  fo  varioufly 
reprdented.  y\s  to  this  particidar,  I  fliall 
only  infer,  by  way  of  conlequence,  that 
they  live  very  long,  confidcring  we  fee 
many  of  their  teeth  which  weigh  a  hundred 
aiul  twenty  pounds  each,  that  is,  two  hun- 
dred anil  forty  pounds  the  two  teeth,  each 
elephant  having  two  of  an  equal  weight 
and  bignefs  1  and  it  mull  be  fupposM,  thai 
fuch  prodigious  heavy  teeth  cannot  grow 
to  that  bulk  and  folidity  under  many  years. 
This  excedlve  weight,  in  my  opinion, 
r,utinh.  refutes  another  opinion  fufficiently  receiv'd 
among  fome  people,  that  this  bealt  fheds 
thole  teeth  1  for  if  they  did,  how  could  we 
find  fuch  monllrous  teeth,  without  the  ani- 
mal liv'd  very  many  years  after  fuch  flied- 
ding  ?  But  wlieiv  is  the  perfon  that  has 
livetl  long  enough  to  make  fuch  obferva- 
tions  as  to  its  age,  (opulation,  pregnancy, 
bringing  forth,  iJc.  That  knowledge  mult 
lie  luul  in  the  woods  where  thofe  creatures 
conftantly  live  v    audit  is  moll  lik;.ly   that 


U'il'f'- 


Pir.it 


no  pcrfon  ever  refilled  longenoiipii  in  thofe Riin'or 
defarts  to  fatisfy  his  own,  or  other  men's  v^'V*^ 
curiofiry  as  to  thofe  particulars. 

I  have  heard  of  :itioth''rqir-(lion  fl-.Ttcil 
by  ('.(imeraynis,  who  follows  the  opiaion  ot' 
liodw  ;  .iiid  is,  win  tlier  it  be  prop.r  to  call 
tliele  excrefcencies  teeth,  or  liorir,,  and  de- 
fences, it  bein.;  well  known,  fiys  Ihd:'i, 
that  the  aniinil  makes  no  other  life  of  ihcni, 
bv.c  to  def  ml  himfelf,  and  to  tear  and  rend 
ArhatfoevcT  ojipofjs  it  ■,  bclklcs,  that  it  is 
agiinlt  the  courfe  of  nature  for  teeth  to 
grow  out  from  the  skull,  as  thefe  do,  but 
out  of  the  jaws.  I  leave  this  to  be  decided 
by  naturalilts. 

There  are  fevral  forts  of  elei>lnnrs,  assvtjruj 
the  l.ybian,  the  luduin,  the  mar(li,the  iiioun-y'"'"- 
tain,  and  the  wood  elephant.  The  marlli 
has  blue  and  fpungy  teeth,  hard  to  be 
drawn  our,  and  difficult  to  be  wrought 
and  bored,  bcirg  fill  of  little  knots. 
The  mountain  are  fierce  and  ill  condiiion'd, 
their  teeth  fin.dler,  but  whiter  and  better 
fliapcd.  The  fi:  Id  elephant  is  the  belt, 
good-natured,  dociblc,  and  has  the  largell 
white  teeth,  eafier  to  be  cut  thiii  any  other, 
and  may  by  bending  be  fiia;ied  into  any 
form,  according  to  'Juvcn.i!. 

The  fiimale  excels  the  male  in  flrengtli,  ptm-ilei' 
but  is  more  timorous.  It  iia;.  two  teats, 
not  on  the  brealt,  but  backw.irds,  and  more 
concealed.  In  bringing  forth,  their  pains 
are  very  great,  and  they  are  laid  to  iquat 
down  on  their  hinder  legs.  .Some  fay,  they 
bring  but  one  young  one  at  a  time,  others 
fay  four  ;  which  lee  and  go  as  I'oon  as  come 
into  the  world,  and  fuel:  with  the  mouth, 
not  with  the  trunk. 

The  male's  piz/le  is  fmall,  in  proportion  yhUs 
ro  the  buli<  of  the  creature,  and  like  a  Ital- 
lioii's  ;  his  teftiiles  appear  not,  butabfconil 
about  the  reins,  which  renders  ther.i  the 
fitter  for  gjneration.  Their  feet  are  round 
like  horles  hoofs,  not  hard,  but  mucli 
larger;  the  Ikin  is  rough  and  iiard,  but 
more  on  the  back  than  the  belly.  They 
have  tour  teeth  to  chew  with,  belides  the 
tufks  which  Itick  out  at  their  jaws,  which 
are  crooked,  but  thofe  of  the  females 
;^rait. 

Whether  the  Blncks  value  the  elephants 
Pefli  as  good  food,  or  whether  they  do  ic 
to  rid  their  land  of  llich  mifchievo'is  crea- 
tures, or  for  the  adv.uitago  of  tlieir  teeth, 
they  often  make  it  their  bufincfs  to  hunt 
them,  efpecially  in  the  inland  countries, 
beyond  ,7;.7,(,  and  even  at  ,//,.',;,  wli  :re 
abundance  of  eleph.uits  are  killed,  being 
lb  numerous  up  the  country,  that  they  often 
come  down  to  the  co.dl  aiid  near  the  forts, 
where  they  do  much  h.inii. 

The  common  way  of  killing  them  is,  by 
fliooting  with  bullets,  which  .ire  lb  far  from  ;"''/"'V 
doing  cxecutioi;  immediately,    that  lome- 
1  times 


t    . 


^'! 


t  m 


l»»!<Ht! 


■:'i^-il! 


\ 


208 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  III.  I  Chap,  i 


Mil    '-'J.  ■'!.  i     if  ( 

ll:"     '/[■,     '  ,1 


i^  :y, 


[lll^ 


1 


m 


iihi  . 


Barbot.  times  two  humlred  flwll  be  fpcni  unon  one 
^^V"^  of  thole  creatures,  without  m.iking  it  faii, 
the  leaden  'jullets  being  quite  flatted  when 
tiiey  liit  their  bones,  witiiout  brcalvinp;  or 
jiiercing  them;  and  Ibmc  parts  of  tiieirlkin 
are  ib  hard,  that  they  arc  not  to  be  [lene- 
trated  by  tlicm,  tho'  fometinus  they  arc 
hurt  and  will  bleed  very  much.  There- 
fore thofe  who  are  more  expert  make 
life  of  iron  flugs,  the  leaden  bullets  be- 
ing too  foft  to  break  their  bones,  or  pe- 
netrate fome  parts  of  then  fl<in.  However 
it  fometimes  happens,  that  one  leaden  fliot 
will  kill  an  ch  ph.mt,  wlitn  it  hits  between 
the  eye  and  the  car,  tho'  even  there  the 
bullet  is  flatted.  Some  pretend  that  is  the 
only  place  where  an  clepiiant  is  vulnerable; 
but  we  real!  in  the  lirlt  boo'-',  of  Aluccaheef, 
chap.  vi.  ver.  43,  and  46,  that  Eeizar, 
furnamcd  //Zi^/rr!;;, killed  a  mighty  ilcphant, 
which  carry'd  thirty  ar -I'd  men,  by  thruf- 
ting  a  fworti  or  fpear  into  his  btUy,  which 
fhows  that  there  the  fkin  is  cafily  pierced: 
but  that  Z'.-alous  jfcui  being  obliged  to  get 
under  that  monftrous  beall,  to  wound  it, 
which  lofl  him  his  life,  being  cruflsed  to 
death  by  it ;  perhaps  it  may  not  be  fo  pe- 
nctiable  every  where,  but  only  in  tome 
particular  part. 
ihiit flef)  When  the  elephant  is  thus  killed,  or 
e»itn.  mortally  wounded,  tlv.y  immediately  cut 
off  the  trunk,  that  being  the  moll  oli'cnfivc 
member  ;  which  is  fo  hard  and  tough,  that 
they  can  fcarce  feparate  it  from  the  head  at 
thirty  flrokc"^^.  If  the  bead  be  yet  alive, 
that  maivcs  it  .oar  dreadfully,  and  :.sfoon  as 
the  trunk  is  off,  it  dies.  Then  every  man 
cuts  oiT  as  much  as  he  can  of  the  flefli  to 
carry  home  and  eat.  The  tail  is  much  va- 
Iticd  to  make  fans,  which  Ibme  ule  in  torch- 
ing calm  weather. 

When  the  elephant  efcaps  from  the 
hunters,  he  generally  ni..kes  to  the  next 
water,  river,  or  brook,  to  wafli  'nd  cool 
himfelf;  ifpecially  if  he  bleeds,  and  then 
haflcs  away  to  the  woods.  He  is  not  loon 
provoked  when  let  upon  ;  but  once  enraged, 
will  tear  aiul  deftroy  whatlbever  ftands  in 
liis  way,  ami  if  a  man  happens  to  be  witli- 
in  reach,  will  lay  hokiot  him  with  his  trunk, 
and  trample  on  him,  and  perhaps  tear  liis 
body  in  pieces  ;  then  Ifand  llill  unconcerned, 
and  fometimes  take  ii})  a  mullcet,  and  beat 
it  into  Olivers. 
Thtyfwim  The  BLuks  aff.rm,  r'.at  tlic  elephants 
»«'/.  never  fet  upon  any  man  they  meet  acciden- 
tally in  the  woods;  but  it  provoked  by 
hunting,  will  purine  them  e\'en  into  the 
water :  for  notwithllanding  tlu  ir  valt  bulk, 
they  fwim  very  well,  as  has  been  fecn  in 
d'aml'oanvtv,  where  they  h.ive  purfued  men 
in  canoes,  ami  wouKI  have  dell royed  them, 
were  it  not  that  iliey  had  t!»e  uood  Ibrcuiie 


to  kill  them  at  one  fliot,  hitting  between 
the  eye  and  the  car,  as  lias  b.en  obferved. 
However  that  is,  I  would  not  advil'e  any 
m.in,  who  values  his  lit!.-,  to  come  Ib  near 
an  ilephant  ;  for  tho*  fome  have  pils'd  by 
unmoklled,  yet  others  have  ibund  much 
ilifficulty  to  efcapc  them,  .uu'  many  have 
periflieO. 

Hiave  been  told  another  way  of  huntinjrj,;, 
elephants  up  the  inland,  where  the  ule  otfKi. 
fire-arms  is  not  lb  fommon.  Th'.-re  the 
Jiliicks  dig  large  pits  in  the  grounil,  which 
they  lill  with  water,  and  lay  acrofs  it  flight 
wood,  or  bamboes,  to  dole  as  to  bear  a- 
bund.ince  of  leaves,  or  other  greens  to  cover 
the  mouth,  only  leaving  Ib  much  opin,  as 
that  the  elephant  may  fee  the  water,  to 
which  he  foon  makes  to  drink  or  cool  him- 
felf, and  fo  drops  into  tin-  pit.  Then  the 
Bl.tiks  who  lie  hid  to  oblerve  it  in  the 
thickets,  fall  upon  the  beall  thus  fecured 
and  kill  it,  without  any  danger  to  themfelves, 
with  their  javelins  and  arrows. 

It  has  been  obferved  by  Ibme  autl.ois, 
that  when  the  ekphant  finds  liimfeif  near 
death,  he  commonly  makes  into  the  woods, 
and  thickets,  which  is  fuppolal,  becaufe 
their  Ikcletons  are  often  found  in  fuch 
places  ;  but  it  being  certain  that  their  con- 
llant  abode  is  in  the  woods,  as  is  ufual  with 
all  wild  beafts,  there  is  nothing  remarkable 
in  the  obfervation ;  for  where  they  always 
live,  there  it  is  to  be  fuppofcd  they  com- 
monly die.  That  they  delight  in  Hiady 
nnJ  watery  places,  is  exprelb'd  by  Job  in 
i;is  ncMe  defcription  of  the  elephant,  cliap, 
xl.  ver,  10,  to  19,  and  ver.  21,  22.  JJf 
lifib  under  the  Jljady  trea,  in  tbe  covtrl  if 
the  reed  and  fens.  'The  jrjad)  trers  cover  tint 
vith  /heir  J/jiidou; ;  the  willoivs  cf  the  hied 
(ompnfs  him  about. 

The  inftance  I  have  brought  above  of 
F.lcazar  the  Alaccahce,  killing  a  monftrous 
elephant, by  thrufting  hisfword  or  fpear  into 
his  billy,  fliewsthat  to  be  the  jiroper  pi.ite 
to  wound  tliis  valt  creature,  cdl'dby'//', 
chap.  xl.  ver.  16.  the  thief  of  the  ways 
of  God  ;  the  fkin  being  ilurc  tliinner  and 
tenderer  than  in  any  other  part  of  tlie 
body,  and  more  eafily  enter'd  by  any 
weapon. 

The  Blacki  here  are  not  like  the  Eafl-i'oln:. 
Indians,  cfpecially  thofe  ot  Sitiiii,  who  tame'''"'''' 
elephants  in  lets  than  a  month,  and  nviks 
u'-  of  them  to  travel,  or  in  tlitir  wars  ;  aiul 
yet  in  dunh.i  they  arc  much  fniall  r,  as  I 
have  .dr.  .idy  mentioned  ;  but  tlvy  are  la- 
tisfied  to  e.it  tlkirflcfliand  trai;(:  v.ith  ihei: 
teeth. 

I  hive  not  heard  of  any  rliinoccrots  in-^'"|*j 
llicii- parts  of  Jfriai,   and  llii-pofe  there  are [^'^'2^' 
none  ;  which  isfomewliat  lliange,  they  be- 


ing the  tleplunts  grcattlt  cneiuies. 


Blf- 


Suri  on      nP  H 
:hiQo.i       ■*'      tl 

ujit.      or  thre 
numen 
the  big 
hair,  r 
ftrait  h 
fwift. 
ted  on 
tures,  i 
will  rui 
wliich  I 
and  Ihc 
it'  tliey 
and  thus 


I,,;,,        -^   BLh 
I'laguc  t 
.■liita  arc 
Ji:l.i.     1 
eacii  dit^i 
ol  opinio 
lioparils, 
iiniier  t,''c 
give  no  i 
I  liey  are 
.IS  Well  as 
itfiult  mei 
to  feed  on 
nun  creati 
(linger. 
,-.,„,,,      The  CO 
•I       co.ili  are  a' 
v>itli  1,1  rg(. 
ilirerlity' 
ol  llie  liair 
■ne  lb  freq 
tmvii  to  an' 
*nll  he  ne 
t.'iiir  (lelcri 
I'  i'vcd  that 
and  are  be, 
•I-'.     Tlielcia 
"'•''  at  iii;;!)r,   M 
'/■(■■■/;  torts 
<Jl  llie  Bl.u 
and  will  Ic.i 
/'icy  CUly 
f«ine,   (Ihci 
hf.itls,  .un 
'I'.i'i  cre.itui 
oi'Cilions 
Iwi-  the  /)'/., 
r-irts  w.hicf 
•iihI  p.irticula 
tai^esor  ki 
()r  li'i/ing.i 
'0  the  imrke 
'"S  ally  thi;i 
'^■ill   durin 
Vol.  \'. 


It 


:)0K  III.  I  Chap.  14        ^^afts  of  South-Guinea. 


cwcfn 

LTVcl. 

c  any 
;)  ne.ir 
;M  by 

^  luu't; 

umtiiin;  7-.,i.„ ;, 
:  life  otfi'i. 
■re    the. 
,  which 
it  (light 
bear  a- 

to  COVlT 

jjxn,  as 
•itt-r,  10 
io\  him- 
rhen  the 
t  in  the 
5  fccurcd 
emfclves, 

autl-.ors, 
nll-lf  n.ar 
he  woods, 
,    bccaule 
1   in    fuch 
their  coa- 
ufual  with 
■envarkabk 
K-y  always 
they  com- 
|t  in  fliaily 
by   "Job  in 
lant,  cliap. 

II.     lie 

covtri  (f 
rs  cover  bm 
■f  the  hrc'A 

|t  above  of 

iv.onllroiis 

\x  Ipear  into 

roper  pli^e 

IIM  by  :/■/■, 

ilie  ways 

linner  anJ 

.lit  of  the 

cl    by  any 

ic  the  £1/^- £''»''«•■• 
wiwtanic""'" 
and  uvike 

■  wars  ■,  and 

Inall  r,  as  I 

\hi-y  are  fa- 
v.iih  their 

ii-oarots  in^;;;". 
Ife  thirean'(j^.,,,, 
Ic,  they  bc- 
Mi;s. 


B  U  F  FA  L  O  E  S. 

r-r"  HEY  are  not  common  in  this  coun- 
■»■  try,  where  one  is  I'carce  feen  in  two 
or  three  years,  tho'  in  other  parts  they  are 
numerous,  efpecially  to  the  eailward,  along 
{lie  bight  of  G'«/«ifrt.  Tiieyareofa  rcddifh 
hair»  much  about  the  fize  of  an  ox,  with 
llrait  horns,  lying  backwards,  and  run  very 
fwift.  Their  flefli  is  good,  when  they  are 
ted  on  fat  meadow  ground.  Thcfc  crea- 
tures, if  fliot,  and  nut  mortally  wounded, 
\,ill  run  at  men  and  kill  them  ;  to  avoid 
which  dangers,  the  Blacks  get  upon  trees 
.ind  Ihcot  from  tlience,  continuing  there, 
jl  they  do  not  kill,  till  tiie  beaib  is  gone, 
,inJ  thus  tiiey  deltroy  many  of  them. 

T  V  c  E  R  s, 

ARE  wonderful  numerous,    and  by  the 
BLiiki  called  B)bcii.     They  area  great 
plague  10  the  country.     /Ixim,  Jcra,  and 
.■hiW  are  full  of  them,  but  more  elj)ecially 
//«/./.     There  are  four  or  live  forts  of  them, 
cacii  differing  in  fize  and  fpots.    Some  are 
uf  opinion,  that  they  are  tygers,  panthers, 
leopards,    ounces,    &c.    all  comprehended 
under  t!'e  general  name  of  tygers.     I  can 
!;ivc  no  jult  account    )f  the  I'everal  Ibrts. 
ihey  are  very   mifchievous  to  the  Blaiks, 
,is  well  as    to  I  attle  •,    but   they   will    not 
.ilV.iult  men,  as  long  as  they  can  find  beails 
to  (eed  on,  which  tailing,    whatfoevcr  hu- 
nvin  creature  tails  in  their  way,  is  in  great 
iliii;j;er. 
,       The  common  fort  of  tygers  along  the 
cn.ili  are  as  big  as  an  ordinary  calf,  furnilli'd 
v,iih  large  teetami  talons,  their  fkin  all  over 
diverlify'd  with  curious  black  Ipots,  tht  relt 
ol  the  hair  being  of  a  pie  yellow.     They 
are  lb  frequently  cairy'd  about  from  one 
town  to  another  in  Europe  to  fhow,  that  it 
\wll  he  necdief,  to  be  more  particular  in 
tniir  delcriprion,  moll  |x;rfons  having  ob- 
I,  rvcd  that  they  very   much  refemble  a  cat, 
,iii.l  .ire  bearded  in  the  lame  manner. 
,.,.     'I'hele  ravenous  creatures  very  often  coiue 
<:i  ,u  niglit,  not  only  near,  but  into  the  Eii- 
p'l'c.tn  torts,  and  much  more  to  the  hoafes 
ol  the  Bl.icks,  where  they  do  much  harm, 
and  will  leap  over  a  wall  fever.nl  foot  high. 
I  hey  c.irry    away   into   thj  woods  cows, 
iWine,    llaep,    goats,    dogs,  or  any  other 
htalls,  ,\\u\  for  want  of  them,  feize  on  liu- 
nian  cre.itures,  as  I  have  laid,  which  often 
occilions  difmal    accidents.     For  this  rea- 
lon,  the  BLicks  have  made  it  a  law,  in  thofc 
parts,  which  are  molt  pcller'd  with  tygers, 
.aid  particularly  at  v/v(;«,    that  whofoevcr 
takes  or  kills  one,    fliall  have  the  privilege 
or  fei/ing  all  the  p.ilm-  wine  which  is  brought 
to  die  market  in  eight  days,  without  pay- 
ing any  thing  for  ir ;  and  they  commonly 
Kail   during   thole  eight  days,    fliooting, 
Vol.  V. 


dancing,  .and  indulging  all  manncrof  fports  Barbot. 
and  pallimes.  \^v>^ 

They  have  fcveral  ways  to  catch  or  kill 
the  tygers.  Some  flioot  them  with  fire- 
arms, which  thofe  fierce  creatures  are  not 
.afraid  of;  but  if  the  man  mifles  his  mark, 
he  is  in  extreme  danger  of  his  life,  for  the 
tyger  will  fcarce  fail  to  feize  him  about  the 
rtioulders  with  his  torc-feer,  and  with  his 
teeth  tear  him  in  pieces,  beginning  generally 
at  his  fide,  unlefs  fpeedily  relieved  by  fome 
wonderful  accident.  Several  of  the  Blacks 
going  out  togetlu  r  to  ilellroy  the  tygers  af- 
ter this  manner,  it  often  h.ipjiens  that  fome 
one  of  the  company  is  kill'd  by  tluir  ran- 
dom (liots. 

Others  up  the  inland  countries,  make  ufeTr4/>j/or 
of  traps  to  catch  them,  not  unlike  thofe  we  W"- 
ufc   for  mice,    only   proportionable  to  the 
bigncfs  of  the  creature,  as  here  reprei'ented 
in  the  cut,  laying  a  confiderable  weigiit  onpi.jjT8  17, 
the  trap,  to  keep  it  fleady  on  the  ground,  fig.  E. 
and  baiting  it  with  fome  large  piece  of  I'efh, 
or  a  fmall  fwine  or  goat,  in  the  night.  'I'hus 
they  take  fome,  if  men  be  at  hand  to  kill 
them  there,  betb.c  they  have  time  to  tear 
the  cage  or  traj)  in  pieces  with  their  teetl . 
When  the  muzzle  of  a  piece  is  prcfente-;   ■■- 
gainft  them,  they  furioufly  take  it  in  their 
mouth,  by  which  means,  it  iseafier  to  kill 
them,  firing  the  gun  into  their  bodies. 

The  inland  Blacks  eat  the  flefli  of  tygers,  IjtoV. 
and  make  fcveral  ornament-s  of  their  ikins. 
In  fome  parts  they  keep  the  young  ones, 
and  breed  them  up  fo  tame,  that  they  play 
with  them  like  cats;  but  tliereis  no  trulling 
to  them  when  grown  up,  for  nature  at  lail 
prevails,  and  they  become  mifchievous. 

Jackal  s, 
DY  fome  reckon'd  wild  dogs,  are  as  fierce  s/«f», /Tie 
'^  and  ravenous  as  the  tygers,  but  not  fo  «'"'"'<""■  • 
common  on  the  Gold  Coajl ;  yet  there  arc  too 
many  of  them,  efpecially  in  the  lands  of  .^- 
(rawniX  A'juamhoe.    They  are  generally  as 
big  as  flieep,  with  longer  legs,   which,  in 
proportion  to  their  bodies,  are  very  thick, 
having  terrible  talons  -,  anti  ar?  very  (trong  } 
their  hair  fliort,    and  fpotted  ;   their  head 
flat  and  broad  ;  the  teeth  Iharp. 

Tl'.efe  creatures  are  fo  bold,  that  they  Uow  kilt'J. 
will  feize  on  any  thing  that  comes  in  their 
way,  whether  men  or  beails;  and  come, 
as  well  as  the  tygers,  under  the  walls 
of  the  forts,  to  I'ei/.e  flieep,  hogs,  cows,  l^c. 
Severalof  them  are  kill'd  as  follows :  they 
lay  feveral  inufl^ets,  well  loaded,  with  the 
locks  cover'd  by  fmall  boxes,  and  a  corii 
faflned  to  the  triggers,  and  a  piece  of  mut- 
ton fo  faflned  to  it,  that  as  foon  as  the  bead 
feizes  it,  the  piece  goes  off,  and  very  often 
flioots  them. 

There  arc  many  (Irange  inftances  of  the 

boldnefs  of  this  creature.    One  of  them 

n  h  h  cominji 


'  Mli 


.    I' 


Mi 


?\l 


'II  4i  ■;«  i 


210 


A  Defcriptioff  of  the 


Book  III  I  Chap. 


m^ 


:i?l,     ;    ■      ( 


1^^  I 


m 


B,\KHoT  coming  int' a  5/(JcFs  houfe,  l:iid  hold  of  a  courfc,  as  fomc  pretend  it  is  rcquifire  ),(. 
^^•y^  girl,  call  iicr  on  his  back,  and  holding  fait  lliould  do,  to  efcapj  that  crLMtiirc  ;  yet  ilie 
by  ont;  leg,  was  carrying  her  off,  but  hsr    fafeft  way  is  to  keep  fir  enough  om  of  its 


Sutntrcui 
unit  Ur^e 


ciifs  waking  tiic  men,  they  came  feafonahly 
ill  to  lier  relief;  and  the  bcaft  dropping  her, 
made  its  el'cape,  leaving  her  behind,  hurt  by 
the  claw  that  held  her. 

Crocodiles  or  Alligators. 
;  "TTll  E  crocodile  or  alligator  may  well  be 
•  *  rcckon'd  among  the  ravenous  creatures, 
and  the  rivers  in  this  country  arc  full  of 
them  ;  but  cf^Kcially  at  Boutroe  and  Lnma, 
where  fometimes  fifty,  or  more,  appear  in 
a  day,  many  of  them  near  twenty  foot  long, 
and  tiiick  in  proportion.  InGamhoa,  Ibmc 
are  thirty  foot  long,  and  will  fwallow  a  buck 
whole. 

I  was  prefentcd  by  the  Dunift)  general  at 


reach,  either  by  land  or  water.  I'hi-lc  arj 
very  deformed  animals,  as  may  appear  by 
the  cut ;  but  it  is  nor  known  that  they  cvtr  Pi  ,,. 
devour'd  man  or  beall  in  thcli-  parts:  tlure-ii^.  \ 
fore  it  the  accounts  given  l)y  fc\  cial  auiliors 
.md  tiavcllers  of  thf  cmcoililcs,  or  ai|jix,i. 
tors,  in  the  E.iji  and  ll^,lt- Indies,  and'^j,, 
fi'gypt,  are  true,  thole  mulV  be  of  a  more 
fierce  and  ravenous  nature  tiianthi;  lamelpi- 
cies  is  in  Guine/t. 

They  have  a  great  ftrength  in  their  t.iil,;/ ,. 
with  which  they  will  overlet  a  Imall  c.uioi..' 
Their  .iioft  ul'ual  food  is  lidi,  wiii<li  tliey'" 
arc  continually  chacing  at  the  bottom  of  i|n^^ 
river?. 

There  is  another  fmaller  fortof  alligUor';^  , 


ylcra  with  a  young  one  alive,  being  about    call'd  Liywrtiv;,  almolt  of  ihc  fame  thapeas- 


fwcit. 

Hard 

l'»lts. 


fevcn  foot  long,  which  he  kept  in  a  large 
fir,  and  had  defign'd  to  bring  it  over  into 
Euroft'  5  but  confidering  the  greit  cjuantiry 
of  frcfh  water  that  would  be  fpent  in  lo  long 
a  palTige,  as  from  thence  to  the  Fnn~h 
l^iViird  irtands  of  Amnka,  and  thence  into 
France,  lordcr'ditto  be  kill'd,  and  lome 
of  my  men  and  the  B!cuki  eat  it,  a^  adili- 
rate  bit.  It  tailed  much  like  veal,  but  very 
lufcious,    and  had  a  ftrong  fcent  ot  musk 


The  body  of  this  creature  is  coverM  with    Lnvg.irH 


the  great  ones,  but  fcklom  above  four  (iiot 
long.  The  boily  is  fpcckled  black,  t!ie 
fltin  very  tender,  and  the  eye  round.  Thi-)r 
hurt  no  creature  hut  li  ns  .uid  cliickciK, 
which  they  dellroy  wlierevcr  iliry  can  (ome 
at  them.  The  H'hil-i,  as  'vdl  as  the  ,i,i- 
tires,  all  agree,  that  the  lit  fli  of  this  crea- 
ture is  much  finer  than  ;uiy  lowl. 

A  third  fort  of  .dliga^ors  there  is,  whi,li,j; 
alw.iys  live  on   land,   by   th^  B.'ack)  caliMiJ.'V 


fuch  a  h'rd  skin,  and  fquare  fcales,  ot  a 
dark  brown  colour,  that  there  is  no  pofTibi- 
lity  of  killing  it  with  a  musket-ball ;  where- 
fore the  BLh  ks  make  caps  of  its  skin,  which 
cannot  be  cut  with  a  hanger,  being  as  hard 
as  a  lantl-tortoife  fliell.  The  belly  is  fofter, 
which  tliey  therefore  take  care  not  to  expofc 
lo  danger;  fo  that  there  is  fcarce  any  way 
of  killing  them  but  at  the  head,  ami  fo  it 
was  we  ferv'd  the  young  one  that  was  given 
Uiwtillj."^^  at  y?cT/i.     A  llout  BLiik  fat  allride  on 


The  alligators  bury  their  eggs  in  the  fmd, 
and  as  foon  .is  they  are  hatch'd,  the  you-i; 
ones  run  into  the  water  or  the  woo, Is.  A ; .! 
v.irettr;  in  hisfupiilemeni,  l.iys,  that  in /; - 
(lia,  fkulls,  bones,  and  pebbles  were  fo'ami 
in  the  belly  of  an  alligator;  and  thit  i'- 
was  told,  rhcy  fwallowM  jiehbles  to  hali.uf 
rhcmfelves.  He  adds,  and  F.r.'o.';»;j  a  m;!- 
fioncr  .affirms,  that  they  have  four  eyes  .\n  i 
no  tongue;  that  the  females  devour  as  ni.  nv 
of  their  own  young  as  they  can,    citi-.er  ;;s 


the  head  of  the  fat  t'le  crocodile  was  kcjit  they  come  into  the  water,  or  running  ilowi 

in,  with  a  large  hammer  in  his  hands,  and  the  llream,  and  that  two  bags  of  pure  im;!i: 

two  other  Blacks  one  on  each  fide  of  th(;  hati  been  found   in  an  allig.itor,  wliere  u.- 

firft,  holding  a  couple  of  iron  bars  athwart  two  lliort  legs  join  to  the  body, 
the  head  of  the  ca.sk ;  another  Black  knock'd 


out  the  head  of  the  fat,  through  which  ihe 
alligator  advancing  his  head,  with  flaming 
eyes,  to  get  out,  but  being  ftopt  by  the 
two  iron  bars  acrofs,  the  Black  who  fate  on 
the  head  of  it,  gave  him  two  or  three  fucli 
ftrokeson  the  forehead,  with  the  hammer,    outto  the  bight  or  gulph  ol  (;(/;;;,«;  w! 


that  it  died  immediately. 

This  is  well  known  to  be  an  amphibious 
animal,  living  for  the  moft  part  in  or  under 
water,  and  fometimes  coming  out  to  feed 
on  the  land,  or  on  very  hot  days  basking  on 
the  banks  of  rivers;  and  as  foon  as  it  per- 
ceives any  perfon  coming  near,  it  ftcals  a- 
way,  and  plunges  itfelf  into  the  water.  It 
does  no:  fcem  to  be  fwift  enougii  to  purfue 
and  overtake  a  man,  who  runs  from  it,  tho' 
he  lliould  not  make  any  windings  in  his 


Wild  Boars, 

ll/Hich  in  Eurcr^c  v/c  reckon  amon-',  tli? 

'^    ravenous  beafls,  are  not  lo  fierce  aloiif 

the  coafl,  where  there  are  but  tew  of  t'u  !i , 

but  many  more  in  the  countries  ffretchin'; 

lic'i 


there  afford  great  iliverfinn  to  lu(  h  as  are 
addidled  to  liunt  them,  h.iiig  in  lienls  o!' 
three  or  four  hundred  together.  They  .ire 
very  fwift,  and  make  a  goo.i  ciince.  Their 
flefh  is  delicate  tender  food,  the  fat  bei::;; 
extraordinary  [ikMlant.  Tlx  Hl^uks  at  .V,';- 
>:a  caM  them  Pcrjor,  and  at  other  pl.ucs 
Collcccon. 

Civet-Cats, 
DY  the  ^.'.?i-;tj  call'dCii«-Ci»,  and  hy  ilic 
*^  PrrtiigMcfc  Gtiios  dc  y/lgn.'in,  may  be  j^ro- 
I  perly 


|Krl 
tiirei 
p.irt 
in  El 
lite 
(ill  I 
tiler 
flieir 
<cai 
brail 
grain 
civet 
bccai 
to  th 
Ibme 
were 
criier 

JJtKIMI 

tin  hun-  prey 
pj'        whii  I 
ddlwf 
to  me 
a  wlic 
next  I 
curioi 
I  had 
it  by  t 
toot  h 
quite  ( 
I  ha 
alwiy< 
times  I 
r'-u.      they  c. 
'■■'■       <altna 
they  a 
the  ve 
provili 
in  all  t 
lorbc.i 
thai  tl 
before 
cjufe 
aliords 
iakiii>j 
lor  Ifi 

HillJl 


C.IC,    U 

llKyia 

,Ltft  A  IK 

liielall 
fli-up. 

"Ct-C.it 
''in.  A  I 
redd  id) 
iiuule 
gcroufl 
provok 
coiks  ,1 
ihcni  o 


r, 


ttomotiliL- 


Chav.  14.  Coa/is  of  South-Guise  A. 


Ill 


iK'rly  ri'ckon'U  among  tlie  ravenom  crea- 
tuics,  ami  there  are  many  of  them  in  thofe 
lurt-,  ilpcwlly  at  Manfrnu  anil  /■luamabo, 
in /•'i/i  Ihey  arc  imi,  I1  like  our  foxes  11 
iue  inil  ni.i|>t',  but  longer  lt(;(j;'il,  anil  tlit 
lail  exactly  like  our  £»'e,va«  cats  but  ra- 
tiiirr  lo(in<.i,  III  (Hoportion  to  their  botiics; 
their  h;ur  j;rcy,  lull  uf  black  fpots.     They 


There  is  fliil  a  fourth  li)rt,  no  bif^ger  tlian  H,\uii<)r. 
our  lull  pro wn  rits,  ot  a  rcilcliih  ii,rcy,  mix'd  ^^V^ 
with  liiiall  white  ("['ccks  •,  tlic  t;iil,  wlucii  h.is ':''"'■'' 
very  long  hair,  is  about  three  finders  bro.iii,-''"'' 
I'lH-ckleil  111  the  fame  manner,   ami  lb  long, 
that  it  rcache!>  back  to  their  heads,  iniuh 
after  the  manner  of  our  fqiiiiivls.     TIkI'i; 
creatures  arc  very  tond  ot  p.ilin-wine,  anil 


fctti    better  on    raw  llelh  ami  entrails  of    may  jicrhajw  more  pro{)crly  be  call'il  Iquir 
brails,  than  on  lioilM  miilit  or  any  other     rtls. 


gram  1  anil  bein^;  lo  ted,  afiord  much  more 
civet  tiian  oihcrwil'e:  el'|)ecially  the  males, 
becaule  the  lemaics  cannot  avoid  pilling  in- 
to the  civet-bag,  which  fpoils  it.  1  carry'd 
fome  very  line  civtt-cats  into  Jrauce,  which 
were  much  ailmired  there,  and  alloriled  cx- 
ctlient  civet. 

Thefe  creatures,  when  very  huncry,  will 
-, ..; /j«i- prey  on  any  tlimg  that  lomes  in  tluir  way, 
whith  they  can  inalhr.  I  had  one  at  Gu.i- 
</ij/o''/i^, which  was  kept  in  thcni  xt  clumber 
tome:  my  man  having  lugleded  to  teed  it 
a  whole  d.\y,  it  came  into  my  chamber  tlie 
next  morning,  and  immeiiiatrly  Icac  J  at  a 
curious  talking  poirotol  the  /imazons  river, 
I  had  brought  lixmi  Cui-ii-f,  laying  hoM  ol 


17 


Deer. 

'T'HEKl''.  are  at  leaft   twenty   foris  of-^""'< 
*•     deer  in  this  country,    foinc  of  tliem  as^"'"' 
large  as  Inull  tows  j  others  no  bigger  than 
fheep  and  eats,  molt  ot  th?in  red,  with  a 
black    lill   on  the  back,  and  lome  red  cu- 
rioufly  llreakM  with  white.    There  are  great 
numliers  ot  them  all  along  the  coaft  •,  but 
particularly  at  Ant.i  and  .-km,    where  they 
go  in  druves  ot  an  hundred  together.  They />f//Vif« 
are  all  very  Iweet  andgo,)d  nieat  •,    bit  two""-"- 
Ibrts  particularly  exiced  therell  in  dilicacy. 
Th(-  lirll  loit  isot  a  |)alenioule-ci>loiir,  fub- 
dividcd  into  two  kinds,  Ibmewliat  ditiering 
in  their  Ih.^x,  the  tcet  ot   the  one  licing  a 
litlK-  higher   than  thole  ot  the  other  i  but 


it  by  the  head,  tiio*  it  was  [lerch'd  aiiove  fix     both  ot  them  alwut  two  toot  in  length. 


neck 


foot  high  liom  the  tioor,  ..nd  tore  th 
quite  oti  btlore  1  (oiild  relieve  it. 

I  haveottniohlerv'd,  tiiat  tl«-lccit$  will 
always  roll  anil  tumble  tiicinldves  Itveral 
times  on  the  tl,-lh  thry  are  to  Iced  on,   Iwtore 


The  otlicr  fort  ii  not  alxtvc  half  lb  big,  of 
a  reddilh  lolour,  and  extraordinary  Ixauti- 
ful  lKall>,  having  Imall  black  horns  ami 
flin.'.er  legs,  indilterent  long  in  proportion 
to  their  btxlies,  yet  lome  ol  them  no  thitkii 
they  eat  it  i  and  arc  to  cleanly,  asalwaysto  than  .\n  ordinary  gooli -quill  ;  however  they 
tale  nature  dole  up  in  tl'.c  corner  of  tlie  c.igc  wdl  leap  over  a  wall  or  enclolure  twelve 
they  are  kept  in  ;  and  when  hungry,  gn  iw     foot  high. 

the  very   wuod  ot   tlie  cage  to  get  nut  tc         There  is  liill   ano'her  iDit  ot  -.leer,  of  a^^,,,., 
provifum.  I  hey  are  generally  lo  well  known     llemlcr   lha|ic,    and  about  tour  tixjt   long,  jit. 
in  all  trading  plaies  in  l.uru}t.,  that  I  fhall     ttinr  Uct  ol  an  unufual  Kngth,  as  are  the 

head  and  v.w^  -,  being  ol  an  orange-colour, 
UrrakM  with  white. 

All  tlufe  leveral  Ibrts  of  deer  arc  fo  very 
("wit;,  as  in  li  uce  to  be  iinagin'd,  iljx.-cially 
thole  whofe  leg-  .ire no  bigger  than  .1  goole- 
quill  -,  and  tor  that  icalon,  as  well  as  lor  it; 
rxiiaoriimaiy  beauty,  tliC  liladi  call  it  the 
king  fit  deer.  The  natives  give  the  lame 
aciount    ot  the  niiglity  luldify    ;mii  caii- 


lorbe.ir  adding  any  more  ot  thiiii  than  this 
that  they  mull  lie  iiuiJi  Iretled  ard  vexeil, 
betore  the  civit  is  tiken  out  ot  the  big,  be- 
caule the  mo;e  it  li  cnrageii,  ihe  more  it 
aliords,  an<i  the  better.  The  Ik-H  w.iy  of 
taking  11  oiit,  is  wi;ii  fnvall  le.idi  n  Ijioons, 
lor  tfir  ot  hurting  tlie  creature  in  llut  p,irl, 
will,  \\  li  very  tender. 


W 


Cats. 


'3'lrl 


llouliulsot  all  thcic  forts  of  deer,  as  is  le- 
{xirtcd  of  ours  in  Eurofv  ;  which  is,  that  they 
generally  deta(  h  one  of  their  body  as  a  fen- 
tiiiel,  to  giie  notke  to  the  others  of  any  ap- 
pro,u  hing  danger. 

The  inland  Ulacks  hunt  deer  vith   Iviws  f;„„,:,,^ 
and  at  rows,  and  Ibmetiiiies  only  with  their 
javelins  1  at  which,  they  are  very  dextrou-s 
as  to  kill  manv  ot  them  in  the  ihace. 

A  \  r  i;  I,  o  p  E  s, 

A  K  I",  fometimcs  feen  and  hunted  z..  .icra, 

their  He fli    being  very   gowl,  and  thty 

incretlible  Iwitt,   gdierally  k.eping   within 

the  hilly  country  beyond  the  b.:<yi [ :su  forts. 


•T"  1 1  r.  H  F,  IS   .1  fort  ol   them  in  Guinea, 
astierieas,  and  Ipnited  like,  the  tixet 
rat,  wiiieii  dellroy  ali  ihc  '-ocks  and  hens 
iliey  can  loine  at. 

.-Xuotlu  r  loft  ol  them  is  much  (mailer  than 
liie  l.ill  alyivc  nMilion'd,  their  Inoui  much 
iliarpir,  Iimi  the  body  fpotted  like  the  ci- 
"ct-cats.     Thele  the  Hituki  call  Berhe. 

A  thud  Ion  ot  thefe  cats,  call'd  A  keboi; 
iciklifli,  alvoiit  twice  as  big  as  a  common 
houle-rat,  is  Viry  iiiikhic  vous,  bites  dan- 
geroufly,  and  llii-s  eiiiur  at  nun  or  l)ealt  if 
provoked.       riiey  are  gre.ii  devourers  of 

coiks  ,ind  luns,  and  It roi;g  enough  to  carry     The  fhapc  ot  them  is  between  a  goat  and  a 
them  o!l'  veiy  nimbly.  ftag,  their  horns  like  the  goats  and  buSaloes, 

lying 


:j 


M .  v 


liiB 


:#i!l 


111 


'! 


i!!! 


3';;^  I 


..I  '  i    I 


>"M 


M 


urn 


t   !    :■ 


i 

1 

i 
1 
i 

1 

i 

^     ?! 


.•1.1  !    ti  '     • 


2I2L 


y^  Defcripiion  of  the 


Book  III.  I  Chap,  i^ 


Tirft  fort 


Hm!I((it  lyii'j',  iow.ui.ls  tlicir  biick,  and.iliule  bow'J, 
l^VSJ  but  (ommonly  longer  than  a  goat's. 

A  I'  E  s,  Monkeys,  nnd  Baboons, 
ARE    inmiiiK-rable    throii;rhotit  6'«i«M, 
•^  ,uiil  ot  iiiorc  lorts  tiiancincalily  be  ob- 
fcivM ;    wlRMctorc  we  ni.ill   only   mention 
(omc  oltlicni  which  arr  moil  known. 

The  firll  lorr,  callM  by  the  natives  Smit- 
lei\  are  of  a  light  niDuli-coidiir,  anil  pro- 
digious larg-,  Ibmcot  them  alinoll  five  hiot 
long,  treqiitntly  Icen  about  tiie  country  oF 
j-Iugiijii.il,  beiiij!;  lo  bold  as  to  alliiult  a  m.in, 
anil  loiiKtinus  luinc  too  hard  tor  him,  put- 
tingoiitiiisLvc  s  with  llieks  they  will  endeavour 
tothriill  iniutlum.  1  heyarc  very  ugly  crea- 
tures to  look  at,  .'.nci  nu  lei's  milchievous. 
'I'lieir  tail  is  viiy  ihoit,  and  whtn  Handing 
up  on  their  hinder  legs,  they,  atadilhincc, 
have  a  great  refembliniC  of'  man.  Their 
heads  are  the  moll  iletorm'd,  being  fhort, 
round,  and  laige,  nut  unlike  our  great  mal'- 
titfs. 
nertiiJ  I'ort  Anotiier  fort  is  like  that  above  in  fhape, 
meakrii.  but  not  above  .i  quarter  ot"  the  bulk,  and 
eafily  taugiit  many  conlical  tricks  and  gef- 
turcs,  as  alio  to  turn  a  Ipit.  The  tame  is 
done  by  another  kind  Ibmewhat  larger,  by 
the  1 1  end.i  call'd  Miirmols,  ai;d  are  thecoin- 
nion  monkeys,  their  heads  very  ugly,  and 
have  little  or  no  tail. 

The  natives  fancy  that  thefe  brutes  tan 
(jx.ik,  but  will  not  do  it  for  fear  of  being 
made  to  work,  which  they  abhor. 

There  are  two  or  three  other  Ibrts  of  apes, 
.ill  .ilike  in  liz.e  ,ind  handlbmenefs,  but  about 
halt  .IS  little  as  the  lalt  above  fpokenof,  ha- 
ving fliort  hair  of  mix'il  colour,  bl.itk, 
urcy,  white,  .imi  reel  ;  Ibme  of  a  tine  light 
f.',ri  y  fjiotttd  ;  others  without  f[)ots,  with  a 
white  brcall  and  a  lliaip-pointid  white  beard, 
a  fpi't  of  while  on  the  tip  of  the  noft. 
and  a  black  ilre.ik  about  the  forehead.  I 
htoughtone  ol  this  tbrttrom  Bc:i!ro:;  which 
w.!s  .dl  fj'ort  and  g.tmelbmenet's,  valu'd  at 
i'iiii.y  at  iweiitv  £'.M/->  ii'Or,  tor  its  tameneis 
,uid  be.iutv  i  and  I  mufl  own  I  never  taw 
.mv  other  like  it  in  all  my  travels. 

.Ynotiier  beautiful  fort, ire  about  two  toot 
hiiih,  their  h.'.ir  as  black  as  jet,  and  about 
a  tingLT  in  length,  and  have  a  long  white 
beard  ;  tor  which  rcafon  they  are  called 
IJtlU-'tica> dcd  Alen,  ot  whole  ttins  fine  caps 
,ire  made.  Thele  being  tomewh.it  ti:'.iite, 
are  told  upon  the  fpot  tor  twenty  tliillings 
each. 

Another  fort  are  c.illed  PenJ'in!;,  beraufe 
of  their  ugly  red  hair  and  figure,  ami  their 
natur.d  tlink  anti  nallinefs. 

Befides  tlulc  here  mentioned,  there  are 
tevtr.d  nrlvr  lurts  of  very  tine  and  gentle 
apfs  anil  monkeys,  but  naturally  fo  tender, 
th.it  it  is  .1  very  iliflicuk  matter  to  preltrve 
tlicm  alive  in  fo  lung  a  pallage,  as  it  is  from 

2 


fumy. 


yipt. 


BtArJeJ 


0:.-.ti,„r!l. 


(imiii'a  to  Enrol  •,  ct'peei.dly  eonfidering  that 
our  carrying  flaves  over  from  thence  to  A- 
unnca  lengthens  it  conlidcrably. 

So  much  might  be  laid  ot  the  i^ntiry  mJhIui, 
torts  ot  .ipes  and  monkeys  in  thole  parts/'"/, 
as  would  require  a  particular  volume  j  we 
fhall  oily  add,  th.it  they  have  an  uncom- 
mon inclination  and  fubtilty  in  Healing 
not  only  of  fruit,  corn,  and  the  like,  but 
even  things  of  value,  whcr<of  I  will  give 
an  intlance.  That  very  beautiliil  monkey 
or  ai)e  1  had  at  Hmiliue  above  mention'il, 
thile  out  of  my  cabbin  aboard  the  tliip  .i 
cite,  in  which  I  h.id  a  lilver-haftcd  knife, 
fork  and  tpoonj  and  opening  it,  threw  each 
of  them,  one  after  another,  into  the  fea, 
wliich  wa.s  then  very  calm,  tkipping  and 
dancing  about  very  merrily,  as  e.ith  of  them 
went  over- board. 

It  has  been  obferv'd,  that  when  they //»»(;., 
Heal  corn,  they  pick  and  cull  the  belt  ean,,"";  •;  ■■ 
throwing  away  thole  they  do  not  like,  and 
pulling  others,  taking  one  or  two  in  each 
paw,  two  or  three  in  their  mouths,  and  one 
or  two  uinler  each  arm,  or  tore-leg,  and  to 
go  off,  leaping  upon  their  hincter  legs ; 
but  it  purfued,  the  crafty  creatures  drop 
what  they  have  in  their  paws  and  under 
their  arms,  Hill  holding  fait  what  they  have 
in  their  mouth,  and  to  make  their  efcape, 
with  wonderful  celerity.  Being  very  nume- 
rous, this  their  Healing,  and  nicety  in  pick- 
ing the  beH  ears,  throwing  away  the  others, 
is  infinitely  milchievous  to  the  Blocks. 

The  natives  catch  them  inginsand  Iharcs,  H)»;j;,.; 
made   fall  to  the  boughs  of    trees,  where 
they  are  continually  Ikippingabout  ;  or  elfe 
take  them  when  very    little,    before  they 
can  make  their  elcape. 

The  S  I.  u  c;  o  r,  A  r  u, 
A  .S  the  Eufopciiiis  call  it,  and  the  Blacki.,,  __ 
PcHi,  is  an  hideous  deform'd  creature, ,„„  "' 
as  any  in  the  world,  having  a  head  difpro- 
portionably  large,  liie  tore-feet  much  like; 
hr.iuls,  of  a  p.ile  moiife-colour  when  very 
young,  but  turning  red  as  it  grows  old, 
the  hair  ot  it  as  thick  as  wool.  This  lior- 
rid  animal,  rliey  t'll  us,  when  once  climb'd 
up  iiuoatree,  fhiys  there,  till  it  has  eaten  up, 
not  only  the  liiiii,  but  the  very  leaves,  ami 
then  goes  down  very  tat,  in  order  to  climb 
anothertrec- :  but  beingnaturally  foheavyand 
fluggifli,  that  it  can  fcarce  advance  ten  Hep's 
on  plain  ground  in  a  day  •,  it  becomes  again 
vei  y  poor  and  lean,  hctbrc  it  can  get  up  the 
n;xttree:  and  if  the  trees  happen  to  be 
very  high,  or  the  diltance  between  thcni 
conliderable,  and  there  hajipens  to  be  no 
food  in  the  way,  it  certainly  ilarvcs  to  death. 
This  I  deliver  uiwn  the  credit  of  tome 
writers,  and  the  B'aki  (ctm  to  believe 
fomcthing  of  it. 

Snakes 


Book  HI.  I  Chap.  14.        Coafts  cfSour  h-G u  i  n  r  a. 


i.frllK) 


IP- 


Snakes  nttii  Serpents. 

Gl'-r:i\ih  very  much  inf((tcd  with  them, 
(hmc-  nivinltroiii  bii;,  otiiers  of  I'mnllcr 
fi/.cs ;  hut  lo  niimi-rfiiis,  tliat  not  only  the 
woods  ,ire  full,  but  even  thr  houlcs  ot  tlie 
n.itivc"!,  and  the  very  forts  ami  locl^vn^s  of 
the  hirofcaiis  .ire  not  cxcniptctl,  moll  of 
ihcni  hciny  venomous,  and  Ibmc  to  a  very 
higli  degree. 

Of  the  l.irp;er  fort  fome  exreed  twenty-two 
foot  in  length,  .ind  it  is  believed  there  are 
Ibnif  much  bigger  up  the  inland  ;  (omeJilacki 
alfuring  me  they  were  to  thirty  foot  long. 
They  .tIIo  told  me  there  are  winged  fer- 
nents  or  dragons,  having  a  forked  tail  and 
a  prodigious  wide  mouth,  full  of  Iharp  teeth, 
extremely  mifchievous  to  mankind,  and 
more  particularly  to  fmalt  children.  If  wc 
may  credit  tlii^  account  of  the  Jil.nk',  thefe 
are  of  'he  f.inc  (ort  of  winged  lerpcnts, 
which,  fomc  authors  tell  us,  are  to  be  found 
in  Ab'ihiihi,  being  very  great  enemies  to  the 
elephant'-.  Some  fiich  leriwnts  have  been 
lecn  about  the  river  Scni-ga,  and  they  arc 
ailor'd  and  worlliipp'd,  as  Ihakes  are  at 
ll^idit  or  1-hld,  tiiat  is,  in  a  moll  religious 
m.inner. 

Thefe  monftcrs  devour  not  only  all  forts 
of  hearts,  as  deer,  goats,  flieep,  tfc.  but 
even  men,  whicli  have  all  been  found  in 
their  bellie'^,  the  filncks  killing  many  of 
them  alinull  every  day,  in  one  plaqc  or 
other. 

There  is  another  fort  of  fnakcs,  which 
arc  oiVenfivc  neither  to  man,  nor  beaft,  any 
otherwife  than  by  means  of  a  fmall  horn, 
or  tooth,  rtmntng  irregularly  from  the  up- 
jier  jaw,  quite  through  the  nofe  of  it  v  being 
white,  hard,  and  as  fharn  as  a  needle.  Thele 
are  frecjuently  taken  or  killed,  becaufe,  when 
tttll,  they  lie  down  and  deep  fo  foimd,  that 
the  Blaiks  tread  on  them  with  their  bare 
feet,  as  they  commonly  go  about  the  coun- 
try, and  they  will  fcarce  awake.  Their 
iKidtes  are  about  five  foot  long,  and  as  thick 
.IS  a  nun*s  arm,  party-colour'd,  being  all 
over  black,  brown,  yellow,  and  white  ftreaks 
viTy  curioufly  mixed. 

SonK  of  the  above-mentioned  lerpents 
twenty  two  foot  long  have  been  killed  at 
yimn,  and  being  opened,  a  full-grown  deer 
toiind  ill  tiicir  bellies.  One  was  once  kill'd 
ac  Boutry,  not  much  (liorter  than  tiie  lall, 
and  the  body  of  a  Blchk  found  in  it. 

At  Mourei',  a  great  fn.ike  being  iialf  un- 
der a  heap  of  Itoncs,  and  the  other  half 
out,  a  man  cut  in  two,  as  far  as  was  from 
iiiider  the  llones  ;  a  nil  as  foon  as  the  heap 
was  removed,  the  reptile  turning,  made 
up  to  the  man,  and  fpit  uich  venom  into  his 
fice,  as  quite  blindecl  him,  ani'  fo  he  con- 
tinued fume  days,  but  at  tall  recovered 
liis  fight. 

Vol.  V. 


It  has  been  oblerv'd,  tiiaC  I'omc  B'Mt!,n\nvyr. 
who  have  been  hurt  by  lerpents,  have  ^^V**^ 
fwelled  extremely,  but  it  loon  fill  again, 
and  they  returneil  tc-  th'.ir  tomier  condiiinn  i 
by  which  it  appears,  that  the  venomous  qua- 
lity in  fn.ikis  anil  lerpents  is  very  ditllrent, 
the  bite  of  fome  being  mortal,  tli.it  of  oiliers 
but  a  common  woumi,  and  th.it  there  ari; 
fomc  altogether  harmlefs,  as  it  is  with  our 
fnakes  in  /.H/o/r. 

The  (i-rpents  are  very  gre.it  enemies  to  •"  ■>"  pw' 
the  porcupines,  and  there  are  Iharp  en-'^*^'"'- 
gagements  between  them,  wlun  they  meet, 
tlie  ferp<nt  fpitting  its  v.nom,  and  the 
porcupine d.irting  Ins  quillr;.  which  are  two 
fpaiis  long  ;  they  being  very  large,  of  which 
more  hereafter. 

Another  fort  of  ferpcnis  arc  about  four- 
teen foot  long,  havinjj,  tlie  lower  part  of 
their  billy  within  two  foot  of  the  tail,  and 
two  claws  like  thole  of  birds,  fuiipoled  to 
fervc  them,  either  to  rear  up,  or  to  leap. 
One  of  this  kind  lluUld,  hangs  up  in  the 
hall,  at  the  caltle  of  Miiui,  taken  by  a 
Bliick  with  his  bare  hands,  tho'  fourteen  foot 
long,  in  tlie  garden  beyond  Sj/iliago's  hill, 
and  brought  alive  by  him  to  theciftle.  The 
head  of  it  is  like  that  of  a  pike,  and  has 
much  fuch  a  row  of  teeth. 

Some  lerpcnts  have  alio  been  found  v-khTaio-liiaJ. 
two  heads,  but  whether  both  ferviccable  to  '•'■ 
the  boily,  I  leave  to  others  to  decide.     All 
the  Bl.uks  in  general  eat  the  fnakes  and  fer-r,uf'j. 
pents  they  can  catch,  as  a  very  great  dainty  ; 
and  I  have  fecn  French  gentlemen  tat  them 
at  Mviiitko. 

1 ,  1  7.  A  U   I)  s. 

'T'lIE  country  every  where  abounds  in 
■*  them,  in  fome  places  thoufands  toge- 
ther i  efpecially  along  the  walls  of  the  Eu- 
rofean  forts,  whither  they  refort  to  catch 
iVies,  fpiders  and  worms,  which  are  tlieir 
food. 

There  are  feveral  forts  of  them,  fome  two 
foot  long,  the  Hefh  whereof  is  delicious,  and 
hasfomething  ofthe  talteofveal.  Othersarc 
venomous,  and  others  ofthe  largefl  fize  have 
a  tail  about  a  foot  long,  and  a  h.indful  broad, 
of  a  brownitli  colour,  and  part  of  their  head 
red.  Moft  of  thole  are  cxiraordinary  ugly. 

Some  other  forts  are  more  tolerable  \.\\Ar\  sahm*f 
the  former,  being  of  a  grccnifh  colour,  and  >'"•• 
about  half  their  bigncfs  •,  and  others  half  as 
i,ig  as  thefe,    and  grey,  which  creep  about 
in  the  rooms  and  lodgings,    and  arf;  there 
called    falamanders,    cleanfing    the   houfes 
from  all  fm.ili  vermin.  Thele  are  the  colilell 
of  all  the  li/.ards,  tho'  they  are  all  naturally 
cold,  to  fuch  a  degree,   that  i    is  not  e.ify 
to  hold  them  long  in  a  man's  hand ;   and 
perhaps  the  exceliive  co'dnels  of  that  fort 
of  lizards  there,  call'd  falamamiers,  hasoc- 
cafioned  the  notion  of  the  falamandcr's  being  p_^^.■^  ^^ 
able  to  live  in  the  fire.  „■<,,;,. 

iii  The 


'*il 


!«''-  ,»■- 


1 

1 

w 


m 


■Hi' 


l.i!:;i 


214 


^  Defer  iption  of  the 


Book  III  I  Chap. 


ThtirfoiJ 


DAmioT.  The  Oilier  viil|^ar  conceit,  that  li/.ardj 
^^V^  have  fuch  a  hive  tor  ni.n,  as  to  give  him 
warning  •)('  the  approach  of  any  vcnomouj 
fnakc,  or  otlier  crcatiirc,  I  take  to  be  of 
the  fame  llamj),  ami  as  talle  as  the  faUman- 
dcr's  living  in  the  fire. 

The  C  A  M  n  I.  E  o  N  ■!, 
A  R  F.  ot  two  forts,  the  one  green,  fpccWlcd 
■^  with  grey,  or  a  pale  moiife-colour  •,  the 
other  green,  grey,  and  fire-colour  mix'd 
together,  not  frcciucntly  fcen  in  Guinea. 
Their  fkin  is  very  tliin,  fmooth,  anil  altnoil 
tranfparcnt  ;  their  eyes  rountl,  very  black 
and  fmall,  turning  ihein  one  up  and  one 
liown,  or  one  to  the  rigiit  and  the  other  to 
the  kft,  at  tiie  fame  time,  lb  as  to  fee 
two  ways  at  once.  They  are  much  of  the 
fi^e  of  Imall  lizards,  but  longer  lcgg'd,with 
a  longifli  tail,  which  incy  turn  into  a  ring  in- 
wards as  they  w.dk. 

They  teed  upon  flics  for  the  moft  part, 
their  tongue  being  almoft  as  long  as  the  body, 
winch  they  dart  out  witii  an  intreiiible  fwitt- 
nels,  and  catcii  the  flies  upon  the  point  of  it, 
tirawing  them  into  tiieir  large  wide  moutii. 
They  teem  to  take  muchilelight  in  fucking 
in  the  air,  (Irctching  oixn  their  wide  mouths, 
and  have  no  guts  like  other  creatures.  Their 
fkin  being  fu  very  fniooih  and  tranfparcnt, 
they  are  moll  apt  tocliangetoa  lizard-colour, 
but  do  not  take  the  colour  of  every  thing  that 
is  fet  about  ihem,  as  is  falfely  reported  ;  for 
they  will  never  be  red,  nor  of  tlvcral  other 
colours,  tho'  they  have  been  oblcrv'd  to 
ch.'.pge  three  or  tour  times  in  half  an  hour. 
They  live  in  Giitnc.i  live  years  or  longer, 
being  kept  on  trees  ;  and  Ibmc  are  lent  over 
into  kiiro;::  Their  eyes  are  about  as  half 
as  big  as  thofe  of  fmall  lizanl?,  and  join'd 
together  as  if  they  were  tiireadcd  ;  not  co- 
verM  witii  any  harvl  (hell, but  only  with  afoft 
pliable  film,  like  thole  of  our  Inails  in  Eu- 
ro/,; or  thole  of  lizards,  fnakes,  and  tor- 
toilcs. 

Po  RC  U  PI  N  E  S, 

A  R  F,  not  very  common  on  that  roaft.  I 
"^  law  one  at  Iiijiama,  about  two  foot 
high,  fome  being  two  foot  and  a  half,  and 
brought  over  fome  of  its  quills,  about  as 
thick  as  a  goofe's,  two  fpans  long,  and  fome 
three,  according  to  the  bignefs  of  the  bcafb, 
divided  at  dillances  with  black  flreaks  i  as 

Platf  1 7.  may  be  fecn  in  the  figure  of  this  creature, 

>'i'  ^'-      here  inferted. 

Thcfe  arc  much  like  the  (lorcupines  I  have 
feen  in  I-'ranic;  brouglit  over  from  Morocco. 

Tilth  »nd  They  have  fuch  fliarp  and  long  teeth,  that 

flrmgth.  if  kept  in  a  wooden  box  or  tat,  they  will 
eattlicir  way  through  in  a  night;  and  when 
jirovokeil,  llioot  out  their  long  fli.irp  quills 
with  fuch  fury  and  dexterity,  that  they  will 
wound  any  other  creature  at  a  rcafonable 
Uillancc,  piercing  pretty  deep  into  the  bo- 


rhfir 
quilli. 


dyof  ferpcnts,  or  other  its  cnemicv  and  will 
ftick  into  a  Iward.  They  are  lo  bold  as  to 
attack  the  greatell  ferpcnt,  as  I  have  men- 
tioir.d  before.  The  jilaiks,  and  fome  £«- 
ropeam,  reckon  their  fleth  very  nice  food. 

There  is  another  fort  of  animal,  not  un- 
like our  hedgehog,  only  that  they  tannoc 
roll  ihcmfclves  ai  ihofe  do, 

F I  E  L  » -  R  A  T  s. 
'T'HERF,  is  along  the  coaft  a  for:  of  fiV/;,,,, 
*  bealls,  like  rats  in  (hai)e,  but  bigger 
than  cats,  and  cali'd  field-rats,  becaufe  they 
lie  in  the  corn-fiilds,  where  they  do  muc^ 
mifchicf  i  but  both/A'i//«  and  Blacks  reckon 
their  fleth  very  delicious,  being  fat,  tender, 
and  very  agreeable  i  and  may  well  pals  tor 
fuch  v/ith  thole  who  have  not  feen  them  : 
for  its  difagreeable  figure  and  loathfonie 
name,  arc  tufficient  to  give  a  loathing  and 
averfion  ;  for  which  realbn,  fome  cut  oil" 
the  head,  feet,  and  tail,  before  they  arc  Icr- 
ved  up  to  table. 

At  /Ixim  they  have  another  fort  of  field- i„„j  , 
rats,  as  long  .is  the  former,  but  much  flen-  ' 
derer,  which  they  call  Boutea,  eaten  only 
by  the  Blacks.  Thefe  do  infinite  damage 
among  the  ftores  ot  rice  ami  JinJian  wheat 
laid  up  in  the  houfes  of  the  Blacks,  fpoiiing 
more  corn  in  a  night,  tiian  an  huiulrcd  of 
our  houfc-rats  could  do  :  for  bcfiiles  wlut 
they  cat  and  carry  ofl",  they  damage  all 
the  reft  they  can  come  at. 

There  is  alio  a  fort  of  very  fmall  micc,j,„, 
whole  fkins  have  a  mufl^y  I'cenr,  much  likenwi. 
the  odoriferous  Pcufelvania  rat-fkins. 

In  the  woods  is  an  animal,  cali'd  /Irompo i,^,^. 
or  Man-eater,  naving  a  long  flcnder  body  a\:t. 
and  a  long  tail,  with  a  fort  of  brufli  at  the 
end  of  it ;  is  of  a  lightifh  brown  colour  and 
long  hair'd.  The  natives  fay,  it  will  very 
foon  throw  up  the  earth,  wiiere  a  man  has 
been  buried,  to  devour  the  dead  body,  biic 
walks  round  feveral  times  before  it  touches 
the  corps ;  which,  the  Blacks  lay,  denotes 
the  nnlawfulnefs  of  making  ufe  of^  any  thing 
that  is  not  our  own,  before  we  have  taken 
pains,  or  done  fomething  to  earn  i: ;  but  wc 
may  more  rationally  conclude,ic  is  done  out 
of  tear,  which  is  natural  to  moft  brutes,  and 
that  they  only  look  round  to  fee  whether 
there  be  any  man  near  to  take  the  prey  from 
them. 

The  barer  in  Guinea  are  much  like  oiirsH.,rf. 
in  Europe,  but  their  flefli  is  not  lo  well  re- 
lifli'd.  Very  few  or  none  are  any  where  to 
be  fcen,  unlef'.  it  be  in  the  country  oi'Aron  -, 
and  more  ef|x;cially  at  Ara,  that  land  be- 
ing low,  flat,  and  gravelly. 

The  Blacki  hunt  them  with  flicks,  many 
men  going  about  the  country,  where  they 
life  to  fhelter,  fliouting,  and  beating  their 
flicks  one  againft  another,  whicli  makes 
fuch  a  noife  as  frights  the  poor  timorous 

crea- 


BooKin.l  Chap.  14-  Co<7/?/ o/'South-GuineA. 


il? 


anil  will 
oM  IS  to 
,ivc  men- 
bmc  Eu- 
e  food. 
,  not  iin- 
:y  cuanuc 


a  for:  otf/r/i,,,, 
lit  bigger 
aul'e  iluy 
ito  nuic^ 
cki  reckon 
t,  tender, 
II  p.ifs  tor 
■en  them : 
loathlbniK 
ithing  and 
ne  cut  oft' 
cy  arc  Icr- 

rtof  ficKl-ft,,,^;,, 
much  llcn- 
caicn  only 
ce  damage 
dian  wheat 
J,  fpoilinj; 
lumdred  ot' 
;fides  what 
lamagc  all 

mall  mii:c,y„,f 
much  likewKi. 
,111s. 

I'll  /Irompo  Mj„. 
nder  body  ci;:t. 
rufli  at  the 
colour  and 
t  will  very 
a  man  has 
body,  but 

it  touches 

,  denotes 

any  thing 
ihave  taken 

t ;  but  wu 

s  done  out 

rutes,  and 

e  whether 

prey  ironi 

like  ours  Hue. 
lo  will  re- 
'  where  to 
I  of  Airon  i 

land  be- 

Iks,  many 

There  they 

(ting  their 

\,\\  makes 

timorous 

crea- 


i»<  »■";'■ 


i>if-;t' 


i.m  nit 

u.<a. 


creafures,  whorun  for  their  lives.anil  the fl/^rli 
having  made  a  ring  about  tlicin,  Handing 
pntty  tloli-  togetiier,  witii  the  llicksi  in  ihcir 
hands,  kill  many. 

OfT.iiih'  Animai.5,  nnJ  /irjl  cf  K\Ht. 
'T'l  1 1"'.  inland  countries  abound  much  more 
*■  ill  kint;,  than  tliote  near  the  le.i ;  /Ikim, 
l),iiikira,  and  Jjiuinu;  which  have  great 
pKiity  orthem,  bein;^  lb  remote  from  the 
Ihore,  that  they  cannot  conveniently  be  lent 
down  1  lor  which  realbn,  only  a  lew  bulls 
and  cows  come  Irom  ihence  ;  and  what 
cattle  they  have  at  the  ccalV,  is  generally 
brought  trom  /Icra,  where  they  arc  fup- 
plicd  withthem  t'rom/.(jMo./iv,  Lamji,  orLa- 
tlinj^cour,  and  N:n^o,  to  the  eaUward  of 
/lii-a,  and  from  the  country  of  Aquambof, 
which  arc  all  Hocked  with  cattle,  wherewith 
til.:  natives  of  thofe  pares  drive  a  great  trade 
M /hra,  and  all  along  the  Gold  Co. 'jl,  as 
his  hc;n  hinted  before. 

I'he  fa  id  cattle,  tho'  brought  from  thence 
fat  and  in  good  cafe,  foon  grows  poor  on 
the  co.ill,  tor  want  of  good  pallurc,  which 
u  every  where  wanting,  except  at  /itray 
r.,,1'jiiii,  or  Crema  and  .r/.viwi,  it  being  there 
inJillercnt,  and  will  keep  them  up  fomc 
tinn- ;  but  at  Mi/ui,  and  all  the  rc-ll  of  the 
colli,  both  e.iil  and  well,  the  bcalls  foon 
tall  ,iway,  and  their  Hcfli  becomes  dry  and 
infipid,  ileclining  to  fuch  a  degree,  th.it  a 
cow,  at  lull  growth,  leldom  weighs  above 
three  hundred  weight,  and  generally  not 
above  tv/o  hundred  and  a  half;  and  yet 
tluy  are  v>f  fuch  a  bulk,  that  they  fcem  to 
be  double  hat  weight.  Th.at  lightnefs  mull 
certainly  hi  occafioni'd  by  the  lorry  paflurc, 
which  makes  not  the  flefli  firm  and  folid, 
hut  Idole,  fpiiiigy,  and  tough,  and  of  an 
unp;ratcful  tallc,  both  in  cows  and  bullocks. 

I'he  cows  arc  no  where  milked,  but  at 
Miii.i,  I  fuppole  for  want  of  fkill  in  the 
B'.dck;,  and  even  at  M'ma  the  milk  is  bad, 
and  th'.'  quantity  very  fmall. 

At  my  lift  voyage  to  the  caftic  of  Minn, 

I  prefented  the  then  Dutch  general  with  a 
lioivhc.1,1  u\  I'rercb  wine,  and  a  fine  cow  I 
hill  tal;cn  aboard  at  CiWrv,  which  ufed  to 
al'.ord  milk  ;'.boaid  the  fliip,  in  a  tolerable 
quantity,  and  was  extraordinary  well  re- 
ctiv'd  by  i  i;n  1  and  in  return,  juft  as  I  was 
un.ler  liiil,  he  lint  me  four  of  the  country 
Ih  cp,  which  prov'  ■  but  very  lorry  meat, 
cv'iii  .imiini^-;  the  mcaucft  failors.  ' 

The  calves,  as  well  as  other  cattle,  by 
realijn  of  tiic  lorry  milk  they  fuck  from 
iii'.ir  ilam>,  arc  but  very  wretched  meat. 
Tiiey  inakj  no  oxen,  the  B'.acks  being  very 
unikilful  at  gelding  their  (leers.  Such  as 
tii!  y  aro,  they  arc  generally  fold  for  three 
iv,i;icesol  gold,  worth  about  twelve  pounds 

II  iling.  The  Bl uks  call  a  cow  Niime-boc- 
It'.pii  ;  ,t  bullock  I^aiine-Biiiiii>i^  anc|  che 
vKa\  E;:nr,ii. 


Bah  nor 
S  H  E  E  V,  t/VVl 

A  R  F,  very  numerous  all  along  thecoaft,*'*/"" 
and  yet  very  dear  ■,  the  price  in  gold  ^"'' '""'' 
iKinggenerally  about  twenty  eight  fliillings 
flerling  :  an  extravagant  r.ite,  confdering 
that  mutton  is  nothing  near  lb  Iwect  arid 
tender  as  ours  in  Attro/'?  i  for  in  reality,  it  in 
fcarcc  eatable,  unlel's  gelt  young,  andfat- 
ned  with  fry'd  barley- meal. 

In  my  account  of  Si-jiro  river,  I  gave 
the  defcription  of  the  (licep  there,  to  which 
the  reader  is  rcfcr'd,  they  being  much  .dike. 
They  have  no  wool,  but  only  hair  like 
goats,  and  are  not  much  bigger  than /'.;,•^- 
Itjh  lambs.  Their  horns  turn  towards  the 
back,  fomewhat  bow'd,  and  their  legs  arc 
fomewhat  longer  in  proportion  than  tholb 
of  our  European  Ihcep, 

Goats, 
A   K  F.  not  lb  large  on  the  Gold  Conjl,   Anchmp  nn/ 

in  Europe  1  in  other  relbefts,  they  arei'""'- 
much  like  them,  and  generally  are  more  fat 
and  llelhy  than  the  Ihcep :  for  which  realbn, 
fome  will  rather  chufe  to  eat  the  he-goats 
g'  h  young,  which  foon  grow  much  latter 
and  larger  than  thofe  which  arc  not  gelt ;  be- 
fules,  that  a  goat  bears  not  above  half  the 
price  of  a  Ihcep. 

All  the  three  fpecies  of  flieep,  goats  and 
fwine,  are  fiid  to  have  been  firit  carry'd 
over  to  the  coall  by  the  Portuguefe  from 
St.  Thome,  who  at  firftufed  to  latten  them 
with  Iiiiltan  wheat. 

There  is  an  infinite  number  of  goats :  fomc  FooUflj 
of  the  Bhcki  are  of  opinion,  that  the  llrong '""'"'• 
otlenfive  fcent  which  is  natural  to  them, 
efpecially  the  males,  was  given  as  a  punilh- 
ment  for  having  requefted  of  a  certain  deity, 
that  they  might  be  permitted  to  anoint 
themfelves  with  a  precious  fort  offweetoint* 
nient,  fhe  ufed  herfelfv  inftead  of  which, 
flic  took  a  box  of  a  ftinking  nauleous  com- 
pofition,  with  which  flie  anointed  their  bo- 
dies, which  caus'd  them  to  fmcU  fo  ftrong 
ever  fince. 

Swine, 
A  R  F,  plentiful  enough  in  Gttl^cfr.  and 
■^^  callM  FMio  by  the  Blacks,  who  breed 
great  numbers  of  them,  but  whether  for 
want  of  ikill  in  the  people,  or  proper  food 
for  them,  they  are  good  for  little,  their  flcOi 
being  flabby,  and  the  fat  as  bad  ;  and  yet 
fuch  as  they  are,  a  hog  of  about  an  hundred 
weight,  is  commonly  fold  for  the  value  of 
three  pounds  fterling  in  gold. 

They  are  neither  of  the  (hapc  or  bulk  o^sl,tpt  And 
our   European   fwinc,    being  Ihort  bcdy'ti^''''".^'''' 
and  legg'd,  and  generally  all  black  or  fpot-"*^'" 
ted  •,  but  the  lows    are   very  fruitful,  and 
when  with  pig,  their  bellies  hang  down  al- 
mofttodie  ground. 

The 


'  m 


j':  'i--* 


,;ii 


..■'••mi 


m' 


l^ 


,;),,;! 


1x6 


A  Description  of  the 


Book  HI. 


t/W  along  tlv  colli,  arc  mor.'  tDlfrahli-,  bur 
nniliingncar  Id  delicate  as  thul'i-  ac  /'//d.ami 
in  the  Vrtiuh  l.nvani  illuuls,  which  arr  of' 
the  Came  Ijiccit^,  ami  tor  iltfli(aiy  ol  t.illc 
and  firm  tat,  certainly  much  exceed  oiirn 
ill  LurQ[t. 

Horses. 
''I"  1 1 1".  P.  F.  arr  abuiulanceofihcm  up  tlir 
*^  inl.iiiil  countries,  but  Icanc  oiif  to  be 
Tccn  alont;  the  loalh  They  are  very  ill 
Ihapeil,  tluir  neik»  ami  heads,  whit  h  they 
iilwavJiang  liown,  much  rckinbiint;  thole 
ot'  alii  Si  bcinj!;  [leilrc'l  i.iiles,  lubjeil  to 
flumbie,  aiul  will  Icarce  move  without  niuih 
liiMtiiig  v  not  unlike  the  Nonu^y  hoil'e*  in 
fi/.e,  and  lo  low,  that  when  a  man  rides 
tlieni,  his  tict  almolt  touch  the  ground. 


A 


Asses, 

U  F.  generally  pretty  numerous  alunp 
thi'coall,  hit^herthan  the  lioriek,  ami 
limdiomer  in  their  kind  ;  but  ilo  not  live 
lung  tlurc,  (oi  want  ol  projicr  tbod.  'I'lu ir 
cars  are  tor  the  moft  \)art  longer  than  thole 
of  ours  in  Eu>«i'e.  The  Biuih  do  not  ulc 
them  to  carry  burdens,  but  only  to  ride  on, 
Ixing  lull  as  proper  ior  that  purjioreas  their 
holies. 


PlATF.  I  8. 


Dons, 
IITHOSF  figure  lee  in  the  cut,  arc 
''  laid  to  have  been  firll  cairy'd  thither 
tVom  Europe,  and  in  procel's  of  time  Jo 
cliang'd  to  that  fljape  and  lorm  we  now  Ice 
they  generally  bear  i  their  colour  and  heads 
being  much  like  fojtes,  with  long  upright 
cars ,  their  tails  long,  I'mall,  i\nil  fharp  at 
the  end,  without  one  Iwir  on  their  boilies, 

K.tktJ*>iJ  butanakeil  bare  flvin,  either  pLiin  or  Ipot- 
'  '"*''  ted,  and  never  bark,  but  only  howl.  'I  hey 
always  run  away  at  the  leaft  llrokeor  lalh 
given  them  t  but  .  "  -lurruc  Inch  as  are 
•ftraid  and  fly  tioii.  them,  and  bite detjx:- 
rately.  They  are  dilagreeable  to  look  to, 
but  much  more  to  handle,  their  I'olt  bald 
Ikin,  being  unpkalant  to  the  touch. 

Uitn.  The  Bin,  k>  c.ill  adcigC(j*>'rt  /h  M).'o,wirKh 

in  Portiiguefe  fignifiesa  wild  Iheep,  b^caule 
they  eat  till  in,  and  value  their  flefh  beyond 
mutton-,  lb  that  iiilbme  places,  tluybrectl 
thenitor  fale,  and  carry  them  to  the  publkk 
markets,  ty'd  two  and  two,  where  tlicy  yield 
.1  greater  price  than  theii  Ihecp.  Tiie  na- 
tives are  as  great  lovers  of  dog's  Helh,  as 
the  ChiHeji  are  laid  to  be,  ainl  look  ui>ona 
meal  of  it  as  the  belt  treat  they  ca,ii  give 
or  receive  ;  and  tl»ertfoi-e,  when  they  go 


aboard  (hip«,  they  will  ofTer  to  buy  the  do^s 
they  lire  tliere.  I  remember  one  ol  oui 
cabin  boys  h.id  three  tlifui/n  oi  gold,  at 
cajie  ,V/,  ,i/ollonui,  (or  .in  ugly  one  he  had 
k(  pt  Ibme  time  i  the  HLh  ♦,  who  bouglii 
him,  intending  to  put  him  into  his  barkinj;, 
or  dog-l'chool,  out  ot  which  they  i  ummunly 
leil  puppies  at  .»  very  high  rati . 

Tiie  Bl.uki,  wlu)  have  abundancr  ol' very  N' 
riiliculoiis   notions,    grnerally  taney,    th.u."'"' 
our  I'ureffan  ilogs  liK-ak,  when  they  bark  , 
anil  their  realbn  lor  it  is,  beraiite  their  dogs 
never  bark,  butonly  howl,  as  has  Ixen  liiid. 

It  is  always  obl'erv'd,  that  Europtan  dogs, 
when  they  have  been  there  three  or  tour 
years,  always  degenerate  into  ugly  crea- 
tures, and  in  as  many  broods,  their  barking 
turns  uuo  a  howl. 


B 


Cat  s, 

Y  the  Blacks  cali'd  Ambaso,  whole  breed 
came  from  Europe,  retain  their  firib  form 
and  Ihapc,  and  ilonot  alter  in  their  nature. 
Some  ot  the  Blaik<,  but  more  cfpecially 
the  meanelt  Ibrt  ami  Haves,  otten  kill  and  eat 
them  i  however,  this  is  t'rei]uently  done  for 
want,  they  being  generally  much  valuM  by 
the  Bluiki  lor  clearing  their  iioules of"  rats 
wil  mice. 

Rats  ami  M  i  c  i, 

A  R  F.  jiroiligioully  numerous,  ef|iecially 
•^  the  hill  ol  them,  doing  mm h  harm 
t«)  the  inhabitants,  by  ilevouring  .ind(',n,iw- 
ing  all  thry  can  come  at.  They  areexaftiy 
like  ours  in  Europi;  as  to  fhajH-,  colour  ami 
milchifvoulnels. 

The  wealels  are  alio  alike  in  all  refpeifls, 
and  thefe  with  the  cats,  make  it  their  bu- 
fiiiels  to  hunt  rats. 

The  Slacks  do  not  I'cruplc  to  cat,  cither 
rats  or  weafels,  as  ilid  leveral  ot'  our  faiiors 
aboard,  our  thip  being  lull  ot  them  •,  and 
they  did  us  Inch  confidcrablc  damage,  du- 
ring the  whole  voyage,  that  to  encourage 
the  dellroyingot  them,  I  allowM  a  pound 
ol"  lalt  butter,  tor  every  Icore  ot  ratstiuy 
catch'il.  It  is  worth  oblerving  in  this  place, 
that  the  rats  were  lb  r.^.venous,  as  to  eat  fe- 
veralot"  our  parrots  alive,  and  even  to  Ihal 
away  our  breeches  and  (lockings  in  the  nis^ht, 
aixl  to  bite  us  fevcrely. 

This  is  the  M\  account  that  can  be  ;',;vvii 
ot  the  wiltl  ,\nd  t.imi  ueatiucsdn  ilic  Gold 
(kiijl,  as  lar  .is  tin  y  are  Lnuwii  to  ii.uroN\ni<, 
I  doubt  not,  but  that  there  are  leveral  Ibrrs 
oJ  animals  up  the  inland,  whi.:h,  for  want  ot' 
communicatinn  and  lonvenicncy  ot  travel- 
ling, remain  yet  unknown  to  us. 


C  H  A  P. 


nil-  ■\ycn 

Ul'Op.'dHI. 

r.il  lbi;s 
I  w.mt  ot 
\  travcl- 


li  A  r. 


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)f  ihc.fji'th  of  the  Li 


IK  If  f,\-it 


IChap.i')- 


Of  the  t 
portu^ 
and  ft 
reptiii 


V^ifi'li- 


_  fid 
and  pigtc 
not  com  11 
found  in 
taftories. 


A  RE 

■'»•  when 
them  at 
ihefe  fowl 
c^ihtnj  A>,'im  h 
to  tiiey  being 
though  fm 
Colli  Coajl 
lean,  .inil 
;i  good  llo 
them  01-  m 
They  ai 
as  conimci 
eggs  .ire  fc, 
pigeons,  " 
even  in  tii 
tnglijJ.',  a 
wiir.  Tht 
and  fe.ithcr 
withbroki. 
them  foon 
cramm'd  w 


^.•(W'T'HE  I 
",'/"'■  *■  zil,  01 
years  finc( 
form  and  I 
of  Europi. 
commonly 
brown  mix 
knob  on  tl 
only  it  d( 
but  firmer, 
Theyoi 
ones  arc  tc 


TIIER 
of  th 
which  arc 
table  as  oi 
Blacks  bre 
they  arc  vi 
to  bring  tl 
Vol..'' 


Chap.  19-         Coafts  of  So vrn-Gv  in e a. 


CHAP.     XV. 


ii7 

Barbot. 


Of  the  tame  fowly'cocks  and  hens,  ducks,  turkeys.,  pidgeons,  'iDild fowl^  herons^ 
portuguefe,  ■wild-ducks,  pheafants,  partridges,  turtle-doves,  eagles,  kites, 
and  fever al  other  namelefs  birds,  form  of  them  very  beautiful;  infects  and 
reptiles,  frogs  and  toadsy  fcorpions,  millepedes,  bees,  fpiders,  &c. 


I  re'/"" 


T  A  M  E-Fo  W  L. 

TH  E  feveral  forts  ot  tame-fowl,  con- 
fift  properly  in  hens,  ducks,  turkeys 
and  pigeons  ■,  the  two  former  whereof  are 
not  common  to  the  Bhicki,  but  only  to  be 
fouiul  in  or  .ibout  the  European  fo.ts  and 
taftories. 


Cocks  and  I  f  r.  n  s, 

ARE  very  plentiful  all  over  the  coaft, 
when  the  Blaiks  can  peaceably  breed 
them  at  home  j  but  when  they  are  at  war, 
thefe  fowls  grow  fcarce. 
ah  mi  Axlin  has  always  the  better  fort  of  fowb, 
im  they  being  there  generally  good  and  fit  } 
though  fmall.  But  at  all  other  parts  of  the 
GouiCoajl,  they  are  commonly  fo  dry  and 
lean,  an^iof  fn  little  fliih,  that  a  man  with 
agood  llomichmay  very  well  eat  three  of 
them  or  more  at  a  meal. 

They  are  generally  nothing  near  fo  large 
as  commonly  our  fowls  in  l'r.:nc''  ;  their 
eggs  .ire  fcarce  bigger  than  thofc  of  our  tame 
pigeons,  yet  a  pair  of  liich  fowls,  yields, 
even  in  timeol'  plenty,  about  two  fhillings 
LugliJI-',  and  ilouble  that  price  in  time  of 
war.  They  are  much  like  ours,  in  fliape 
and  feathers,  the  Blacks  commonly  feed  them 
with  broken  maiz,  or  millet.  But  to  make 
them  loon  fat  and  fit  to  cat,  they  muft  be 
cramin'd  with  meal. 


iir;(  aWT"  H  E  breed  was  brought  over  fr 
iuftJ.       *■    2(7,  or  other  partsofy/wiV/Vij,  I 


Ducks. 

from  Bia- 
,  not  many 
years  fince,  for  they  are  exadly  alike,  in 
form  and  feathers  i  and  nothing  like  thofe 
of  Europ:;  being  there  as  large  again,  and 
commonly  white  or  black,  or  white  and 
brown  mixt.  The  drakes  have  a  large  red 
knob  on  their' bills,  almoin  like  the  turkeys  •, 
only  it  doth  not  h.ing  fo  low,  nor  fo  loofe, 
but  firmer,  and  is  pretty  like  a  red  cherry. 

The  young  ducks  .ire  eatable,  but  the  old 
ones  are  tough  and  infipid. 

Turkeys. 
'T'HERE  are  only  a  few  in  the  hands 
■*■  of  the  chiefs  of  the  Eurofeans  Ibrts, 
which  are  nothing  near  fo  tender  and  pala- 
table as  ours  in  Eurojc'  commonly.  The 
Blacks  breed  none  at  all,  perhaps  bccaufe 
they  are  very  tender,  and  rciiuire  much  care 
to  l-.ring  them  up. 
V  0  L.  V. 


]'  I  C  E  O  N  S, 

A  R  E  pretty  numerous,  at  Ibmc  of  the 
■^^  forts  on  thecoalt,  efpecially  at  Jxim, 
and  all  of  the  common  fort  of  field,  or  wild 
doves,  and  are  pretty  fweet,  when  young. 
The  Blacks  call  them  Abrouama,  which  im- 
ports, a  bird  brought  up  by  the  IVbile;,  or 
Europeans,  for  fo  the  Blacks  call  us. 

The  pintado-hens,  which  may  be  accoun- 
ted of  the  tame,  as  well  as  wild  forts  of 
fowls,  are  feen  no  where  but  a; /A vd,  where 
they  breed  a  few.  Whether  they  are  natu- 
ral to  the  country,  or  of  the  breed  of  cape 
l^'odo- Pintados,  I  am  not  Cirtaiii,  b, it  they 
are  fine  curious  birds,  much  bigger  than 
comiiion  poultry,  and  delicate  meat,  if  fed 
properly,  as  I  have  faid  heretofoie. 

Wii-D-FowL,  and firfl  of  Herons, 

"LJERE  are   two  forts  of  herons,  foinc 
*^  blue,  others  white,  exaftly  of  the  form 
and  fi/e  of  herons  in  Europe.    Several  people  ^g*"  ' ' 
eat  them  there, 

The  natives  alio  eat  a  fort  of  bird  un- 
known to  us,  called  the  Portiigiiefe,  which 
has  the  body  of  a  goofe,  and  is  molUy 
white. 

W  I  L  D-D  IT  C  KS, 

A  RE  commonly  plentiful  enough  on  the 
^  coait,  being  exactly  like  thofe  of  Eu- 
rap!',  only  lomcwhat  fmaller,  anil  of  two 
forts ;  but  the  people  are  not  indullrioiis  to 
get  them.  There  have  been  Ibme  Ihot  a- 
bout  Miiia,  of  a  very  beautiful  green,  with 
fine  red  bills  and  feet,  of  a  deep  charming 
colour.  Another  fort  there  is,  whofe  feet 
and  bill  are  yellow,  and  the  body  mixt  with 
green  and  grey  feathers  :  Tliis  fort  is  not  to 
beautiful  as  the  former. 

Pheasant  s, 

A  R  E  plentiful  enough  along  the  Gold 
■^^  Coaji,  but  particularly  at  and  about 
Acra.  In  the  Jquamboe's  country,  and  at 
Acron,  near  Apam,  commonly  of  die  fizc 
ot  an  ordinary  hen  ;  their  feathers  I'peckled 
with  a  bright  blue  anil  white,  with  a  (ky- 
coloiir  ring  round  their  necks,  about  two 
fingers  in  breadth  ;  and  a  bl.ick  tuft  on  their 
heads.  To  compleat  the  beauty  of  this  crea- 
ture, w|-.;ch  may  be  very  well  ranked,  in 
that  rcfpcct,  amongft  the  wonderful  works 
K  k  k  of 


J  rf 


il  'Ml' 


U'A 


\ 


218 


^  Dt'fcription  of  the 


Book  III  I 


Barbot.  ofn.Uure,   in  ihf  fjiei  ics  ol"  birds,  am!  is  ilie 

WO/"^  Hncll  ot  .u'.y  in  Ciiii/wii. 

Till.'  /;,A(  phealimt,  wlieicof  there  are  but 
few  in  tliis  country,  but  a  yreat  nunibei  at 
I'uir:,  is  grry  and  white,  a  little  f'peckled 
with  blue  -,  his  head  i^  h.ild,  and  covered 
with  a  hard  callous  fk\n,  which  is  all  over 
knotty  i  his  bill  is  yellow  ;  from  whence  to 
the  head  grows  out  on  each  fide  a  red 
jollop. 

Partridges, 
A  Bound  every  where,  but  much  more  at 
•^^  Jcra  ;  yet  for  want  of  good  ftiooters, 
but  few  are  killed  ;  which,  when  in  proper 
;ige  and  feafon,  are  good  meat,  particularly 
the  young  ones. 

T  U  R  T  L  E-Do  V  ES, 

A  R  F.  of  three  forts,  the  firil  is  fmall,  of 
■^^  a  bay  colour,  whicii  eat  very  agreeable 
and  tender. 

The  fecond  fort  is  of  a  much  brighter 
colour,  but  the  flefh  is  tough. 

The  thirti  fort  is  as  tough  again,  and 
Jiirge  as  the  former.  Thefe  are  of  a  very 
fine  green,  their  bills  and  feet  yellow,  and 
have  a  few  red  feathers  -,  the  eyes  encircled 
with  large  fpeckled  rings,  fome  intermixt 
with  blue. 

Others  of  the  fame  fpecies  of  turtles  hive 
a  black  ring  or  circle  about  their  neck. 
Of  the  fecond  and  third  forts  of  turtles, 
thoufands  commonly  harbour  every  evening 
in  the  underwoods,  which  are  thick  grown, 
on  the  large  rock,  or  rather  ifland,  lying 
about  half  a  gun  fliot  from  the  Dutch  fort 
at  Jxini,  and  fly  from  thence  every  morn- 
ing to  look  for  food ;  but  the  woods  that 
cover  the  little  idanu  all  over,  being  fo  very 
thick  grown,  it  is  not  very  eafy  to  flioot 
at  thcte  turtles,  or  rather  to  find  them, 
when  killed. 

Qu  F  E  s  T  s, 
ARE  alfo  very  common  in  the  woods 
-^  within  the  country. 

Th  rushes, 
'T'HF.RE,  much  refemblc  ours  in  £«• 

ropi: 

BfiCCAFICOS, 

f\R  fig-eaters,  a  dainty  little  bird,  of  a 
^^  gold  colour,  which  perch  and  buiki 
their  nefts  at  the  very  tops  of  the  highcfl: 
trees,  and  at  theextremiriei  of  the  branches, 
the  better  to  fecurc  themfelves  and  brood, 
fi"om  the  injuries  of  venomous  creatures. 

Co  RN-E  AT  E  R  S. 

'T'll  ERE  is  alfo  another  fort  of  very  lit- 
tle birds,   which  arc  very  numerous, 
and  wafte  the  corn  in  the  fields  fo.'exrrcmely, 
that  the  Blacks,  they  fiiy,  in  revenge,  will 


eat  them  alive  ft.ithers  and  fl.ni.  Tliclb 
little  creatures  commonly  build  their  nclls 
amonglt  the  corn. 

Spar  rows, 
ARE  innumerable  all  along  the  coafi;, 
■^^  and  difFtr  little  or  not  at  all  froni  (jurs 
inEurope  ;  doing,  as  well  as  the  others,  much 
damage  to  the  corn  and  other  fruits  ot  ihe 
earth,  they  can  come  at. 

There  are  many  different  forts  of  little 
granivo.ous  birds,  which  alfo  do  the  fame 
injury  to  the  inhabitants  fields  and  fruits ; 
there  being  fome  all  red,  others  all  black, 
and  others  of  variety  of  colours  intermixt. 
The  natives  catch  great  numbers  of  thrfs 
birds  with  nets,  and  fhoot  many,  and  eat 
them,  as  well  as  ilveral  large  birds,  x\\ 
which  it  is  impolfible  pcuticulariy  to  dii'. 
tinguifli. 

The  S  w  A  L  I.  o  w, 

TS  here  fmaller  in  fi/e,  and   of  a  lighter 
black  colour  than  ours  in  Eiirojc. 

SniPES,  Woodcocks,  flwr/CROOKniLts, 
ARE  very  numerous,  the  former,  niolt 
^^  in  marfhy  grounds,  and  are  like  ours 
of  Europe,  but  much  more  tough,  and 
therefore  not  fo  valuable,  altho'  in  the 
main  they  are  good  food. 

Cranes,  Bitterns,  Magpies,  and 

Sea-Mews. 

T-H  E  laft  of  them  are  g:  ;y .    The  Bladi 

•*•    look  upon  the  bittern  as  a  foreteller  of 

things  to  tome. 

F  A  o  L  E  s, 
ARE  not  wanting,  nor  do  they  differ 
"^  from  thofe  we  have  in  Eiirofe  •,  yet 
fome  are  not  altogether  alike  :  the  print  p,,^,. 
reprefents  one  of  this  latter  fort,  wliicli  is 
pretty  fcarce  to  be  foimd  any  where,  unlfis 
in  the  province  oi'  Jcra  ;  and  is  there  call'J 
the  crowned  eagle. 

I  faw  once,  at  C/iho  Corfo  caflle,  a  tall 
bird,  feather'd  much  like  a  peacock,  iis 
legs  like  thofe  of  a  ftork,  and  the  bill  near 
upon  that  of  a  heron,  havinga  tuft  of  plumes 
on  its  head,  in  the  nature  of  a  crown  ; 
which  they  reckoned  there  to  be  another 
fpecies  of  eagle :  but  I  could  not  be  f  irisfied 
of  the  appelhition  -,  for  eagles  are  not  thus 
fhaped,  and  long  legged. 

They  reckon  heie,  tor  a  third  fpecies  of 
eagles,  a  large  bird,  whofe  head  is  nuu  h 
••ke  that  of  a  turkey  ;  and  call  them  Pa/.trn 
(ie  Deos,  or^God's  bird,  to  which  the  BLuki 
pay  fuch  a  veneration,  that  it  is  a  capital 
crime  to  kill  one  ;  tho'  it  is  a  creature  that 
deftroys  all  their  poultry  and  corn,  when- 
ever it  comes,  is  difagreeable  to  behold, 
and  his  a  naufcous  fcent,  is  perpetually 

kccpin;^ 


Book  III,  I   Chap.  I  ^.  Coap  of  Sqvt  h-G  u  i  n  e  a. 


2ip 


h.     Tlu'fc 
chcir  nells 


the  coaft, 

from  <niis 

hers,  much 

:uits  01'  dm 

ts  of  littl'" 

0  the  fame 
mil  fruits  -, 

1  all  hl:ick, 
intermixt. 

rs  of  theft; 

f,   and  eat 

birds,   all 

uly  to  dif- 


)f  a  lighter 
rojc. 

OOKUILLS, 

rmer,  molt 
re  like  ours 
ougli,  and 
:ho'   in  the 


[>IES,  a>id 

The  Bhuki 
forccclkr  ot 


they  differ 

'Mfofe ;    yet 

the  primpnu 

whicli  is 

here,  unlH's 

:hcre  call' J 

le,  a  tail 
acock,  its 
the  bill  near 
ft  of  plumes 
a  crown  ; 
be  another 
be  f  itisfied 
ire  not  thus 

d  fpccifsof 
ad  is  nni(h 
hem  Pa/.no 
h  the  B!.h-I;i 
is  a  capital 
reaturc  that 
jrn,  wlicrc- 
to  behold, 
pcrp<-'tual!y 
kccpin;'. 


JSirJi  li'" 

4  fMct'^' 


/r.f.htr 


K,.  h'ki. 


(«ti- 


keeping  in  mudi,ly  nafty  plart'Si  ami  yet  is  rcc- 
koiic:..!  a  ileity  amon^  the  natives :  who,  to 
fad  and  ferve  it  cveiy  clay,  boil  meat,  lay 
it  on  the  hills,  and  promontories,  where  it 
haunts  the  mol\. 

Thrre  is  another  fort  of  ravenous  bird, 
much  like  a  falcon  i  and  tho'  but  a  little 
bigger  than  a  clove,  ilrong  enough  to  lly 
awa"y  with  the  largell  poultry, 

The  Kites, 

STEAL  all  the  chickens,  flefh,  or  hfli, 
they  can  fpy,  even  out  of  the  hands  of 
the  Black  women,  as  they  go  along  the 
ilreet,  or  fit  in  the  market  i  but  efpceial- 
ly  filh. 

Tiiere  is  a  fowl  about  as  large  as  a  hen, 
the  upper  part  of  its  body  fpeckled  brown 
or  black,  with  white  •,  ami  the  under,  either 
r-  I  or  orange  colour  •,  having  a  tuft  of 
fp^viled  feathers  rifing  like  a  comb.  Its 
bill  in  proportion  to  the  body,  is  extraor- 
dinary thick  and  long. 

1  never  hearil  of  any  peacocks  or  larks 
in  this  country. 


OW  N-B  I  R  D. 

lonictimes  feen  a  fine  bird, 


Cr 

HERE  is 
of  many  various  colours,  as  white, 
black,  brown,  red,  green,  Iky-colour,  blue, 
i^c.  having  along  tail,  the  feathers  whereof 
the  Blacks  wear  on  their  heads. 

Tiiis  curious  rare  bird  is  called  the  crown- 
bird,  becaufe  fome  have  a  gold  colour,  or 
a  charming  blue  tuft  on  their  heads,  much 
in  the  form  of  the  tufts  we  have  feen  on  the 
t-'irginia  nightingales.  Some  call  this  bird 
the  Giiiiua  peacock.  It  is  common  at 
I'idii,  and  is  a  bird  of  prey,  of  which  more 
hereafter. 

Th'  PoK  K  o  E, 
,,TS  a  bird  as  ugly  as  rare  to  come  at,  ex- 
•*■  aclly  the  Cue  of  a  goofe  ;  its  wings  ex- 
traordinary long  and  broad,  of  darkcoloured 
fiuhers.  The  under  part  of  its  body  covered 
with  afh  coloured  feathers,  or  rather  hairs, 
!.)r  they  arc  as  like  the  o;ie  as  the  orhcr ;  ha- 
ving under  his  neck  a  maw,  about  a  fpan 
Jong,  as  thick  as  a  man's  arm,  like  a  red 
Ikin,  in  whicli  it  lays  up  its  food,  as  the 
inonk'jys  do  in  their  ciiops.  The  neck, 
■vhich  is  pretty  long,  and  the  red  knob  on 
liic  nape,  is  garnifli'd  widi  the  fame  fort  of 
ieaihers,  or  hairs,  as  the  under  pau  of  the 
body  ■,  in  proportion  to  which,  tiie  lu'.id  is 
much  too  large,  and  excepting  a  very  few 
))air.s  it  has,  is  very  bald.  The  eyes  arc 
large  and  black,  the  bill  extraordinary  long 
and  thick. 

Ihis  creature  feeds  commonly  on  fifli, 
whiUi  wiien  tolfed  it  catches  very  nimbly, 
and  fwallows  down  whole  into  its  crop  or 
maw  ;  and  will  at  once  devour  as  much  filli 


as  would  ferve  four  men,     It  i.  likcwiie  ,i  H Minor. 
lover  of  rats,  fwallows  them  whole,    .ind  v^V*-" 
fometimcs  they  will  fpring  up  half  digcUed 
out  of  the  crop. 

When  a  boy  or  dop  is  fei  )n  them,  they 
will  make  .1  good  de  nee,  peckin;^  and 
ftriking  them  w'th  their  bills  very  liuartly, 
which  makes  a  noife,  as  if  two  Itieks  were 
ftriking  one  upon  another. 

There  is  another  fine  bird,  foinewhat^t„,^M;j 
like  the  former  in  fhape,  its  leathers  inter- *<>''• 
mixed  all  over  the  body,  red,  white,  black, 
blue,  and  fevrral  other  colours;  its  eyes 
large  and  yellow  ;  ft. aiding  on  its  legs, 
which  are  very  long,  as  well  as  the  neck, 
and  ftrttching  it  upward,  it  is  near  fix  foot 
high.  Some  of  thcfe  tall  birds  are  found 
in  the  country  of  Acron,  near  the  rivers, 
and  'tis  likely  they  teed  on  fidi. 

Another  bird  h.is  all  the  feathers  about c*ff««rf J 
its  body  chequered  yellow  and  light  blue  ,'""''■ 
its  bill  long,  und  pointed  Iharp-,  a  black 
femi-circle  round  the  neck  ;  a  long  tail  of 
'jiue,  yellow,  and  black  feathers ;  and  a 
few  feathers  on  its  head  >  it  feeds  upon  corrj 
and  other  grain. 

Another  bird  of  the  fimc  fpecies  and 
form  as  the  lift,  differs  only,  in  that  its  bill 
is  thick,  (hort,  and  black  i  the  under  part 
of  its  body  black  ;  the  back  of  a  curious 
fine  yellow  ;  and  the  feet  again  black. 

Another  fort  is  much  like  the  former, 
but  grey  and  yellow,  having  a  fliarp  bill, 
and  long  feec  and  claws,  in  proportion  to 
its  fize. 

There  is  another  finall  bird,  fliaped  al-^Mwii/iiJ 
moft  like  a  fparrow,  his  head  and  brealt  w^'""''' 
black  as  jet ;   his  wings  and  tcet  grey  -,  ilie 
reft  of  his  body  of  a  briglit  red.     This  bird 
is  very  fine. 

Another  curious  bird  is  yet  finer  than  the 
laft  i  the  wings  and  upper  part  of  the  body 
entirely  blue,  inclining  to  Iky,  as  the  fea- 
thers of  his  pretty  lon^  neck,  and  the  tuft 
on  his  head  ■,  his  breaft  is  of  a  dark  yellow, 
mixt  with  fome  red  and  blue  feathers ;  his 
feet  and  bill  very  thick  and  long,  both  of  a 
bright  reddifti  colour:  it  harbours  com- 
monly about  the  rivers,  and  there  feeds  on 
fifli.  This  bird  m.ay,  as  well  as  the  Gold 
Coaj}  pheafanc,  have  the  pre-er  linence  for 
beauty  overall  the  feathered  kind  in  Guinea, 
and  perhaps  of  any  othei-  p.irtsof  the  world. 
1  iiey  have  alio  another  fort  of  grain-de- 
vouring bird,  whofe  neck,  breaft,  and  un- 
der part  of  the  body  is  of  a  k  ind  of  orange- 
colour  i  the  head  all  black,  only  on  tiie 
fore-part  of  it,  a  lively  yellow  fpot  i  the 
wings,  and  upper  part  of  the  body,  are 
black  i  and  his  tail  is  intermix'd  with  red, 
yellow,  and  black  feathers. 

Another  bird,  about  as  big  as  the  for- 
mer,   has  a  beautiful  red  breaft,  and  under 
part  of  his  body  •,  the  upper  part,  wiin-',s, 
1  uud 


-m 


;i 


111  >! 


fi!  ■>  '.'1 


,1't 


^'■•0' 


1i?i^.i: 


I'l 


m 


•y  1  h,; 


220 


y^  Dcfcription  of  the 


Book  III.    I^"^^'  '' 


r!..<rr  iS 


Bauiu)-.  ;ind  Mil,  :is  black  as  jet  ;  and  the  top  of  his 
*'^^'^' 'icaii  of  a  bright  yellow  i  ami  a  flvirp  bill, 
Ibmewhat  crooked. 

The  Htacks  talk  much  of  a  bird  twice  as 
big  as  a  fparrow,  h  iviny  a  few  ilnall  fpecks 
on  his  fi-athcrs,  which  foine  c ill  ftars  •,  his 
c  ry  or  voice  is  hollow  and  piercing.  If 
the  /)/..\/(-.  are  uj'Oii  a  journry,  and  chance 
to  iicar  him  on  the  left  \^.\nA,  they  will  pro- 
ceed no  tailher,  but  return  home  as  is  im- 
ported. 

I  liavi  drawn  the  figure  of  a  fniall  parro- 
nuet,  waich  ionic  call  the  Cw/wz  f'parrow  ; 
lor  no  oihcr  rcafon,  i  I'lippofe,  but  bccaufe 
(liele  little  birds  arc  as  numerous  and  inif- 
chicvous  to  the  I  orn,  and  other  fruits  ot  the 
coiinf""',  as  the  iparrow>  pioperlv  lb  call'd, 
whieh  i  ha\- ■  t.iid  to  be  infinite  .dl  over  the 
country;  tor  tlic  fo;  iii,  and  feathers  of  the 
parrokeers,  is  as  dilVercnt  from  that  ol  a 
right  fparrow,  ,is  a  black  man  is  from  a 
white.  The  lila  ks  call  them  /lburoncc\Ani!i 
they  are  generally  fold  for  a  piece  of  eight 
per  dozen. 

Moiirce,  /hiamal'o,  Cormenlir,  Acron,  Ba- 
ku, and  Acra,  are  full  of  thefe  line  pretty 
birds. 

They  ply  about  thofe  places  in  prodigious 
fwarms,  a?  the  darlings  do  in  fome  parts  of 
Fr.vne,  doing  much  harm  to  the  corn. 

They  are  very  beautiful  creatures,  of  a 
lovely  light  green,  mix'd  witli  a  charming 
red  i  and  Ibme  have  alfo  a  few  black  and 
yellow  feathers:  one  naif  of  the  head,  from 
the  eye  to  the  l)il!,  which  is  white,  and 
cxaftly  framed  like  a  parrot's,  of  a  curious 
orange-colour,  their  tail  intermixt  with 
black,  yellow,  and  orar.^a'-colour  ilreaks 
athwart  the  fe.iihcrs,  which  are  there  pretty 
long. 

I'he  tiading  fliipson  thecoafl,  feldom  fail 
of  taking  many  of  thefe  lovely  creatures 
aboard  in  cages,  but  they  are  to  tender,  that 
niolT  of  them  commonly  die  in  their  pafTige 
to  Fraiu^,  Kii^'.and,  or  llolianJ^  notwich- 
flanding  all  the  care  that  can  be  taken  of 
them.  Of  all  the  ;zreat  numbers  I  ufed  to 
carry  away  from  the  coail  every  voyage, 
I  couki  fa\e  but  v  ry  few  alive  when  arrived 
in  Fnni:t\  Tiiech.mgc  of  climate  ami  food, 
or  what  I  believe  afleds  thein  mod,  the 
cold  weather,  is  infupportable  to  them. 

I  alfo  obicrv'd  that  the  firing  of  great  guns 
aboard  fhip,  was  fo  dre.iiiful  to  them,  tli.it 
feveral  of  mine  wcjuld  drop  down  dead  at 
the  noife. 

Thefe  r.ue  birds  cannot  be  taught  to  pro- 
no'incc  any  didinet  worels  in  any  l.ingu.ige, 
.It  lead,  tliat  I  did  ever  hear  or  know,  tho' 
I  took  all  the  pains  I  could  take  to  te.ich 
jonv;  yet  tiierear.'  pcrfons  wlio  affirm,  tlu'y 
li..d  fome  who  wonlluiiera  tew  words  m 
fhm/.',  whicii  I  will  not  contradift :    but 


Icvcral  of  rhem  kept  together  in  a  cage  in 
good  dry  hot  weathrr,  will  malsc  a  pretty 
fweet  plealant  natural  chanting.  I  obferv'd 
that  the  hen  uliially  perches  on  the  left  fide 
of  the  cock,  anil  li^ldom  oders  to  eat  but 
after  him.  The  cock  is  generally  fomewliac 
larger  in  fize  and  bulk  than  the  hen,  and 
has  a  greater  variety  of  colours  in  his  k.i- 
thers,  anil  the  green  Ibmewli.it  deeper. 

I  am  forry  the  engraver  hasnot  been  niee  e- 
nough  inhis  cut,  foas  to  rtprel'ent  this  birdas 
my  drawing  ilid  j  but  there  being  lew  pU- 
ces  in  Kiirf.fe,  where  thefe  creatures  are  not 
pretty  common,  what  they  appe.u-  to  every 
boily,  will  rectify  tliedefi^l  of  the  jirint. 

There  is  another  fort  of  p.uroiiiiet^,  fi^me-  „  , 
what  larger  than  the  toniier,  bui  not  com- ,,     ' 
monly  to  bt  had  on  theioall  ;    tlieir  whole 
body  is  of  a  curious  die]i  icvl,  with  only  a 
black  dreak  acrols  th"  baik,  and  the  tail 
entirely  black. 

The  parrots  are  not  much  feen  about  thep,„„ 
coad,  uiilels  here  and  there  one  that  wanders 
from  the  inland  countries,  where  they  arc 
very  numerous  in  the  woods. 

'riiey  are  all  over  blue,  only  fome  have  a 
few  red  leathers  in  their  wings  or  tails.  No 
green  ones  are  to  be  found  on  the  coad,  nor 
along  farther  cadward  round  the  gulph  of 
Guinea,  as  far  as  cape  Lope-Gonzalez. 

This  bird  is  lb  well  known  all  over  Europe, 
whither  great  numbers  are  tranfportcd  every 
year,  tiio'  formerly  m.uch  more  than  is  now 
pnidifed,  that  I  forbear  mentioning  any 
thing  more  of  it  ;  and  fhall  only  take 
notice,  that  at  the  coail  they  bear  a 
greater  price,  and  are  more  edcem'd  than 
in  Europe:  lor  Ibme  will  there  give  alnioll 
an  ounce  of  gold,  in  goods,  for  a  pratling 
parrot.  Every  body  knows  the  young  ones 
are  mod  .ipt  to  karn  to  talk,  and  of  fuiii, 
the  tr.ivelltr  ha?  choii  e  .u  prince's  illand  in 
the  gulph,  where  they  are  very  numerous, 
and  bought  raw  and  unikill'd  lor  a  piece  ol 
eight.  Of  thefe,  we  had  once  half  a  hun- 
dred or  more  aLcii<l  the  diip,  and  twice  as 
many  monkeys ;  of  both  which,  but  few 
remain'd  alive  when  we  arrived  in  Eraiice. 

There  are  many  bats  and  owls  in  the 
country  -,  and  very  large  ones,  which  are 
nothing  dilierent  from  thofe  we  have  in  Eu- 
ro! e. 

This  is  .ill  the  account  that  can  be  given 
of  the  bints  and  fowls  of  that  country  ;  jut 
it  is  not  to  be  int>  r'd  that  there  arc  no  other 
Ions,  for  thofe  we  h.ivc  mention'd  do  not, 
perhaps,  amount  to  the  third  part  of' what 
are  feen,  but  do  not  fall  into  our  hands. 

R  i:  I' T  1 1.  E  s  and  I  .n  s  r  c  r  s. 

WE  will,  in  the  next  place,    lay  foinc- 
ihing  of  reptiles  and  infcdis,  or  what- 
ever has  a  relation  ro  cither, 

As 


Chap.  I?*        Coafts  <?/' South-Guinea. 


221 


As  for  ferpents  and  fn;ikes,  1  have  already 
faid  enough  of  them  in  tlie  fourteenth  chap- 
ter of  this  book,  to  which  I  refer. 

Toads  and  Frogs, 

AR  E  as  numerous  and  common  at  the 
coaft,  and  in  the  inland  parts  of  the 
tountry,  as  in  Europe,  and  of  the  fame 
Ihape  i  but  the  toads  are  there,  in  fome 
places,  of  fo  prodigious  a  bulk  and  bignefs, 
that  they  may  eafily  be  taken,  at  a  diftancc, 
for  land-tortoifcs, 
^ .  At  jidja  or  Eg^s^a,  betwixt  Mouree  and 
''  '  '  Corme»t:»,  there  is  a  vail  number  of  toads 
of  that  immenie  fize,  commonly  as  large  as 
t.ible-plates,  which  are  very  hideous. 

At  the  beginning  ot  the  rainy  feafon,  at 
cape  Corfo  there  is  an  extraordinary  num- 
ber of  them. 

I  have  obferv'd  before,  that  this  ugly  crea- 
ture has  a  natural  antipathy  for  fnakes, 
.-\nd  many  perfcns  hav<*  been  cye-witnelfes 
ofievcral  combats  bctwixc  them. 

The  S  c  o  R  r  I  o  N, 
q  tS  generally  of  the  fi/e  and  form  you  fee 
'■"  •••in  the  print,  which  is  drawn  as  big  as  the 
life  -,  but  there  arc  fome  as  large  as  fmall 
lobilcrs :  and  all  of  them  have  two  large 
claws  and  feet,  and  their  whole  body  co- 
vered with  long  hair. 

Some  have  a  fmall  bladder  full  of  venom, 
of  half  a  finger's  breadth,  at  the  end  of  their 
tails,  adjoining  to  the  ftiarp  crooked  prick  or 
horn  that  is  at  the  end  of  the  tail ;  with 
which,  if  they  ftrike  or  prick  either  at  men 
or  brutes,  the  hurt  is  certainly  mortal,  if 
not  fpeedily  remedied. 

The  moft  certain  cure  is  to  bruife  the 
fime  fcorpion,  if  it  can  be  catched,  on  the 
wounded  part  of  the  body  ;  as  our  chief 
liirgeon  cured  one  of  our  men  at  prince's 
ifland,  who  being  at  felling  of  wood,  was 
thus  prick'd  by  a  fcorpion  in  the  Ireel. 

.■\t  Acapulco,  in  IVeft-Mexico  in  America, 
where  there  are  abundance  of  terrible  fcor- 
pions,  they  ufe,  when  going  to  bed,  to  rub 
all  about  the  beds  with  garlick. 

Another  certain  remedy  .i^gainfl.  this  (ling, 
and  the  pain  of  it,  is  to  ftrokc  the  part  that 
WAS  hurt  with  a  child's  private  member, 
which  immediately  takes  away  the  pain, 
and  en  tlie  venom  exhales.  Themoillure 
thar  comes  Irom  a  hen's  mouth,  is  good  for 
the  fame. 

Millepedes. 
•T^  H  F.  infeft  here  call'd  MiUepedes,  and  by 
thf  Poriugue/e  Centipedes,  of  which  there 
is  a  multitude  in  the  country,  is  alfo  very 
troublefome  to  man  ;  for  tlio'  it  does  not 
fling  fo  dangeroufly  as  the  fcorpion,  yet  it 
certainly  caufes  very  fharp  pains  tor  three  or 
four  hours  ;  after  which,  tlicy  quite  Ciiafe 
without  the  lead  remains  of  uncafincfs. 

Vol.  V. 


This  infeifl  is  about  a  fpan  long  when  at  Barpoc 
full  growth-,  Hat,  fpetkled  likeother  worms:  ''■^V*^ 
having  two  fmall  liornsor  claws,  with  which 
it  llrikcs.  It  has  fifteen  or  twenty  feet  on 
each  fide  of  the  body,  more  or  lefs.  There 
is  no  place  on  the  coaft  free  from  ihele  ver- 
min. 

Bees, 
A  RE  not  very  jilenty  at  the  Gold  Coa/f, 
in  com|>arilbn  of  what  there  are  abouc 
Rio  de  Gabon,  Ca/e  Lopez,  and  farther  to 
the  fouthward  of  the  gulph  of  Cwwra;  as  I 
fliall  hereafter  obferve.  They  harbour  th»re 
in  the  woods,  and  make  their  honey  and 
wax  in  hollow  trunks  of  trees.  Both  the 
honey  and  wax  are  very  good,  but  not  like 
ours  in  Frame:  however,  they  afford  the 
Blacks  very  great  profit  by  trade  with  the 
Europeans. 

C  I  O  A  R  R  A  S, 

ARE  a  thick,  broad-headtd,  mouthlefs 
fort  of  flies,  which  commonly  fie  on 
trees,  and  fing,  after  a  flirieking  manner, 
day  and  night,  and  live  only  on  the  dew  of 
heaven,  which  they  fuck  in  by  a  long  fhurp 
tongue,  placed  on  the  breaft. 

There  are  alfo  frogs,  and  fuch  prodigious 
numbers  of  grafhoppers,  or  rather  locufts, 
coming  in  fwarms  like  thick  clouds,  from 
the  far  inland  countries,  as  fome  fuppofe 
from  the  defarts  of  Lybia  and  Zara,  to  this 
part  of  Guinea,  where  they  brouze  all  the 
plantations  of  corn  in  fuch  a  manner,  that 
it  caufes  almofl  a  famine  in  the  land. 

There  arc  land-crevices,  which  eat  very 
Aveet,  being  much  of  the  tafte  of  the  land- 
crabs  in  the  Ere»ch  iflands  of  America.  Thcfc 
crevices  harbour,  like  thofe,  underground. 

There  are  alfo  large  black  flies,  which  in 
a  dark  night  give  a  kind  of  light  i  and  abun- 
dance of  glow-worms,  crickets,  caterpillars, 
and  many  fpecies  of  worms,  fpiders,  butter- 
flies, gnats,  ants,  and  beetles  ;  but  of  ants 
and  gnats  moft  prodigious  numbers  all  over 
the  coaft:  and  more  particularly  at  anda- 
bout  Aera,  where  the  country  is  flat  and  le- 
vel. The  ants  are  of  various  forts,  great  and 
fmall,  white,  red,  imd  black  •,  the  fling  of 
the  red  inflames  to  a  great  degree,  and  is 
more  painful  than  that  of  the  millepedes. 
The  white  are  as  tranfparent  as  glafs,  and 
bite  fo  forcibly,  that  in  the  fpace  of  one 
night  they  can  eat  ihtir  way  through  a 
wooden  cheft,  and  make  it  as  full  of 
holes,  as  if  it  had  been  fho^  through 
with  hail-fhor. 

Thefe  infefts  make  nefts  ten  or  twelve 
foot  high  in  the  earth,  which  they  won- 
derfully laife  up  in  the  fields  and  iiills,  in 
a  pyrami'Jal  forrn,  fo  firm  and  folid,  that 
they  are  not  eafily  beaten  do^vn  }  and  when 
they  are,  it  is  very  (lirprifing  ro  obferve  the 
number  of  divifions  and  apartments,  thajf 
arc  within  thofe  nefts,  correfpondiiig  exadU/ 
LU  one 


V  1,14 


•  ■';(■?(.{ 


m 


i'  :\  ■ 


221 


A  Dcfcription  of  the 


Book  III,  I  Chap,  i 


Ipw: 


mM 


.1  li 


f 


Barhoi  one  to  :inotlier  v    fomc  of  thofe  rooms  are 

^^'V^  iill^il  with  tlii-ir  provifion'',  wliich  the  prii- 

iKiu  inim.il  i^itlicrs  from  the  ficKIs  ;  others 

arc  fillfil  with  their  excrements,  anilotlurs 

nre  dwelling-rooms, 

I  roni  thole  nells,  (one  of  whicli,  fee 
TiAir  iS.in  the  figure  I  ilrcw  at  /Icia)  they  range 
all  about  the  country,  ami  come  into  the 
iorrs  and  chambers  of  tli'"  Europeans,  in 
I'uch  fwarms,  that  they  oblige  them  to  quit 
their  beds,  in  the  night,  biting  very  (liarj'ly  ; 
and  are  of  fo  ilevouring  a  nature,  tiiat  it' 
they  attack  a  live  Iheep,  or  goat,  in  the 
night,  it  is  fouml  a  |x-rfedl  (keleton  in  tlie 
morning  :  and  this  they  do  lb  nicely,  that 
the  bed  anatoniilt  could  not  perform  it 
more  artificially  th.m  they  do.  Chickens, 
«r.d  even  rats,  tho'  lo  nimbk',  cannot  efcape 
them  -,  tor  as  foon  as  one  or  more  attacks  a 
rat,  he  is  alliiulted  on  all  fides  by  a  multi- 
tude of  them,  till  fo  many  fall  on,  that 
they  over-power,  and  never  leave  him,  till 
they  grow  to  a  boily  ftrong  enough  to  re- 
move iiim  to  a  fafe  place. 

It  is  really  a  great  diverfion  toobferve  the 
fingular  inftinft  of  fo  fmall  a  creature  in  all 
their  proceedings  and  performances,  and  it 
would  aimolt  perfuade,  that  tiiey  had  a 
fort  of  language  among  them,  confidcring 
what  harmonj  :'nd  ord"""  they  obfervc  :  for 
it  you  place  a  beetle,  or  a  worm,  where 
only  two  or  three  ofthefe  infedsare,  they 
immediately  depart,  and  return  in  a  minute, 
bringing  with  them  above  a  hundred  ;  anil 
if  that  number  is  not  fufficient,  in  another 
moment,  more  are  called  :  after  which  they 


I  (liall  conclude  thisikfcription  of  infc(f^«, 
with  Ibmething  of  fpiders,  ot  which  tlcrc 
are  feveral  forts ;  but  I  lli.ill  confine  niy  fell 
to  one,  cdled  by  the  HLi.ks  .linv:/,'. 

'I'his  animal  is  monllrous  large,  hi.  body 
long,  his  head  lliarp,  broader  iufore  than 
behind,  and  not  round,  as  moll  fpidtrs  arc  ; 
his  legs   hairy,    ten    in  number,    and  the 
thicknefs  of  a  little  finger.   Which  far  fur- 
pallesthe  largenefs  ot thc'I'iiranlula,  a  kind 
ot  tield-fpidcr,    ot  JvriiJJ'o,    Calabria,  Ttif- 
ciiiiy  and  Romania  in  Jtaly,    commonly  ;is 
big  as  an  ordinary  acorn  :    fo  dangerous  to 
mankind,  that  a  perlbn  ilung  by  it,  changes 
an  hundred  ways  in  a  moment,  weeping, 
ilancing,    vomiting,    quaking,    laughing, 
growing  pale,  fainting  away,  feeling  horrid 
pains,  and  finally  dies  in  a  very  ihorttime, 
if  not  fpeedily  relieved.     The  eft'edlual  cure 
Is  by  fweating,  and  antidotes  •,  but  the  grand 
and  only  remedy    is  mufick,  as  is  affirmed 
by  feveral  phyficians,    and  travellers,  cye- 
witnetTes  of  the  difeafe,  and  the  cure  thereof. 
This  wonderful  inleft  has  four  legs  on  each 
fide,  like  the  common  large  fpiders,  in  form 
and  length.  As  to  the  African  fpiders,  I  never 
leamc  any  thing  of  their  natural  qualities, 
good  or  bad.  I  fuppofe  there  are  but  few 
luch  hideous  infefts  in  the  country  about, 
and  in  the  bay  of  Catnpcche  in  South  /Imt- 
riui,  is  a  fort  ot  fpiders  of  a  prodigious  fize, 
fome  as  big  as  a  man's  fift,  with  L..^^  fmall 
legs,  like  ours  in  Europe ;    but  have  two 
teeth,  or  rather  horns,  an  inch  and  a  half  or 
two  inches   long,    and  of  a  proportionable 
bignefs,  which  are  as  black  as  jet,  fmooth 


fall  all  together  on  their  prey,  and  march  olf  as  glals,    and   their  fmall  end  Hiarp  as  a 

with  it  very  regularly,    afTilling  each  other  thorn  :   They  are  not  ftrait,  but  bending, 

in  carrying  off  the  burden.     Hence  it  mull  and  preferved  for  tooth-pickers,  and  to  pick 

be,  that  tome  are  of  opinion,  and  affirm,  pijies  in  fmoaking  tobacco, 

that  the  ants  have  a  king,  who  is  as  large  The  Blacks,   who  have  always  flrange 

as  a  cray-filh.  notions,  as  has  been  faid  of  them  elfewhere. 

The  gnats  are   another  inconvenience  to  believe  the  firfl  man  was  made  by  this  hor- 

the  inhabit.inrs,  in  the  night-time,  efpecially  rid  infccl  5  and  few  can  be  made  fenfible,  by 

near  the  w oods  and  marfhy  grounds.  Their  our    way  of  reafoning  with  them  on  this 


fling  is  very  fharp,  and  caufes  fwellings  and 
violent  pains ;  whence  it  is  eafy  to  conceive, 
with  what  I  have  faid  of  the  ants,  and  the 
exccfTive  heat  of  the  climate,  what  a  trou- 
blefome  life  people  mull  lead,  where  'tis 
fcarce  polTible  to  have  an  hour  of  quiet 
fleepv  and  provifions  are  but  very  indif- 
ferent. 

C  M  A  P 


head,  of  their  folly  and  Ilupidity. 

At  Cabo-Corfo,  in  the  rainy  months  of 
JiDieaniX  'July,  they  h.ive  a  fort  of  infeds, 
which  are  a  kind  of  fpiders,  about  the  big- 
nefs of  a  beetle,  the  form  nearell  to  acrab- 
fifli,  with  an  odd  kind  of  orifice,  vifible 
in  the  belly,  whence  the  web  proceeds, 

XVI. 


Of  the  feveral  forts  of  fipj  in  the  fea  of  Guinea  j  as  the  king-fifh,  fetijfo, 
and  many  more  generally  eaten  \  as  aljo  of  the  grampujfes^  fjiiord-f^^  and 
P}arks;  of  the  porpoife,  the  remora,  atid  the  Jlj'tng-fjfb, 


Fish  in  general. 

BY  what  I  have  before  obferved  of  the 
nature  of  the  fleth  of  tame  cattle,  chic- 
kens, and  other  tame  tbwl  -,  it  appears, 
that  tho*  they  be  indifferent  large,  ycc  they 


are  very  light,  and  that  the  ferry  food  they 
have,  intlead  of  a  firm,  produces  only  a 
fpongy,  loofe  and  tough  flelh,  of  an  un- 
gr.iteful  tade  :  whence  it  is  natural  to  infer, 
that  ic  were  almoft  imjwfTible  lor  men  in 

general, 


Hc^to. 


jijcncr. 
lublilt 
other 
li.ippil 
p.inie 
dl^iou 

Iniall 
rivers  \ 

niius 

filh,  a 
iiinie  e 
poor  a 

other  l> 
ticular 
the  larj 

FimiS.DPpr 
*^  th( 

bell  fit 
It  is  e; 
when  1 
but  gut 
falnion. 
long,  ar 
along  tl; 
Ci/WSif-Some   ( 

ly  harb 
comes  i 
BLuks, 
with  a  li 
fonietim 
with  a  til 


ATm 
Coi, 
fhip,  to( 
tliapcii  a 
T\kBLu 
fon  leant 
.ijWjVw«;that  it  is 
'"         and  only 
Avhieh  in , 
the  Hla:k 
lacred,  bi 
of  lorcerj 
indeeil,  a 
brown  ai 
grows  lig 
to  the  11 
fnout,  wi 
very  hare 
fpans  lonj 
on  the  up 
Jirge  am 
body,  bej 
cuts,   or 
B'aiks  wc 
only  allo\ 
Pint  18.  figure,  as 
much  am, 


food  they 

res  only  .1 

of  an  un- 

1  to  infer, 

r  men  in 

general, 


Chai'.  i6.  Coajis  of  Sou  r  h-G  cj  i  n  e  a. 


213 


oilier  iKied'iry   i.rovifioni.,    were  not  very 
hipliily   Ui|'ply'i-i  I'V  the  (i:\,  wliitli,    by  .1 


rciier.il,  ••'i>'l  I"  I'll   iiiori.'  tor  Ktiropcom  to 
hiblilt  th;  re  ,  it  the  w.uu  of  good  11  IIi  ;uui 
oilier 
xy\y 

ii.iilieuUir    ^iio.  iJcncc  il.r.y  alloros  ,1  jiro- 
ilii;i()us  qu.inti'y  of  very  guoj,  lar^e  anil 
Imall  fiHi  ol   level  il  Ions,    as  wi.ll  as  the 
rivers  1    fo  that  abunil.inii-  of  Bl.uki  and 
jrb:U-$  alio  can  live  Uikralily   upon  bread, 
filh,  and  palm-oil,    tho'  that  food  has  the 
finieefi'tdt  on  them,  rcndring  their  botlies 
poor  and  light,  in  proportion  to  their  bulk. 
There  are  above  thirty  lorts  of  fea-filh, 
!*""•',«,  commonly  taken  and  eattn,  bcTKles   many 
'"  '        other  kinds  accidentally  tauj^ht  at  fome  par- 
ticular feafons.  I  Ihall  full  fpeak  of  fome  of 
the  largeft. 

the  K  I  N  r.-F  1  s  n, 

P^„,  iS.O  Eprefented  in  the  cut,  is  reckoned  by 

*^  the  Englifl)  at  cape  Cor/i,  one  of  the 

belt  fidjes  in  thofe  |)arcs,    when  in  feafon. 

Ic  is  extraordinary  fat   md  delicious,  and 

when   boiled,    talles  fomev.liat   like  eels  •, 

but  gutted  and  dry'd,    is  eaten  iallead  of 

falnioii.  At  full  growth,  it  is  about  five  foot 

long,  and  at  fome  times,  there  are  vail  flioals 

along  the  coaft,  when  abundance  are  taken. 

dWSif-Some   call  it   the  i)affcr,    .md  others  the 

itrW     liciro,   for   its   black  (kin.      It  common- 

%"•    ly  harbours  among  rocks,  and   fometimes 

comes  into  fuch   Ihallow  water,    that  the 

Biiiki,  w  hen  they  go  to  ilrike  filli  at  niglu, 

with  a  light,  as  I  have  obfervM  before,  will 

fometimes  kill  thefe  with  an  iron  tool,  or 

with  a  three-pointed  harping  iron,  or  morlin. 

r  ^  T  I  ss  o   Fi  s  II. 

AT  my  firft  voyage,  wiiiUt  we  lay  before 
Comeiido,  Ibmc  rtlliermen,  near  our 
(hip,  took  a  filh  .oout  fcvn  toot  long, 
lliaped  as  ex  .dly  feprellnt.-d  in  the  figure. 
The  Blticks  call'd  it  Fc-;ijjl,  but  for  wliat  rea- 
fonlcannotdetcrmiae,  unkl's  it  be  toexpiefs, 
Aiilkmi  that  it  is  too  rare  and  fweet  tor  mortals  to  eat, 
'•*  and  only  fit  for  a  tleity  :  the  word  I'diffo, 
which  in  PcirtiigUfp  fignifies  forcery,  being  by 
the  Hla:ks  apply'd  to  all  things  they  re:kon 
lacred,  becaufethe  Ponti^uef:  gave  th';  name 
of  Ibrcery  to  all  their  lup-;iUi:ons.  It  was, 
indeed,  a  mod  beaiititlil  filli,  tho'  thefkin  is 
brown  and  fwartly  about  its  back,  but 
grows  lighter  and  lighter  the  nearer  it  comes 
to  the  lloma(  h  and  belly.  It  had  a  '.'  i.ic 
fnoiit,  with  a  tort  of  horn  at  the  end  oi  it, 
very  hard  and  fli.irp  pointed,  .ibove  three 
fpanslongi  anil  another  I'm.dl  lirait  horn 
on  the  upper  part  of  its  mouth.  The  eyes 
1  irgc  and  bright,  and  on  each  rule  of  the 
boily,  beginning  at  the  gil'..,  four  longidi 
cuts,  or  openings.  As  I  remember,  the 
Blacks  would  not  tell  it  at  any  rate,  but 
only  allowed  ine  tlu;  liberty  of  drawing  its 
PuTt  18  figure,  as  it  appears  in  the  cut  1  and  were 
much  amazed  to  fee  it  to  well  reprefcnied. 


Nor  was  that  allonilhment  peculiar  to  ihein,RAi<nor. 
for  many  others  there,  vH  th?  (ii^UCiiiH,  at  ^■^V^i' 
Sicn-j  I.eotia,  S,;'lro  r'wtr,  and  otiiei  r-'ans, '"'"''*  *''■ 

•  tf)  If  B 

very  much  admireil   to  tec  me  make  the  fi-  jranins. 
gure  of  any  creature  upon  paper. 

I  am  apt  to  believe  the  hlucki  look  u^Xln  Mtrhii  cf 
this  filh,  .IS  a  fort  of  deity  i  tho'  1  did  notfifliti. 
hear  they  paid  it  any  religions  vvorflnp.  If 
they  do,  there  is  nothing  new  in  paying 
adoration  to  a  fifli  •,  for  the  PLililJiiiii  in  the 
firit  ages  of  the  worhl  adored  Ddg'Di,  which 
was  an  idol,  half  man,  and  half  ffli  -,  the 
word  D.igoHi  in  thei""  linguagc,  fignitying ;i 
filh  i  and  that  thole  Cientiles  look'd  upon 
as  the  great  God,  7""!s''-'  "^i.  23.  Dagon 
our  God  has  delivered  Samplon  our  inem)  into 
our  hands.  Dagon reprefenttcl  Nejlune,  the 
god  of  the  fea,  and  by  him  perhaps  was 
meant  Noah-  The  S^riam,  accorcling  to 
Cifero  and  Xen<:;'hon,  ador'd  fome  large  tame 
filhes,  kept  in  the  river  Chain::,  and  would 
not  fuffer  any  perfon  to  go  about  to  dillurb 
them.  The  Syo-I'henicians,  ucct  ding  to 
Clnnens  Alesandrinus,  adored  tiiofe  lifhes 
with  as  much  zeal,  as  the  El'wns  wordiip- 
ped  Jupiter  ;  and  Diodoriis  Siiu'.iis  afiirms, 
the  Syrians  did  not  eat  filh,  but  ador'd  them 
as  gods.  Plutarch  mentions  the  Oxindrilei 
and  Cyjiophitu's,  Egyptian  nations,  which  hav- 
ing been  long  at  war  about  killing  a  fifli  they 
eftecmed  facred,  were  fo  weakned,  that  the 
Romans  fubduedand    nade  them  flaves. 

The  Rraziltm  cod,  is  a  delicate  fat  filh,  Brai.i«</. 
as  large  as  the  ordiriry  Newfoumllaud  cods, 
ami  plentiful  enou;,'i. 

There  are  pih,  and  Jacks,    great  and^'*"- 
fmall,  which,  wncn  in  leafon,    are  fat  and 
better  than  in  lone  parts  of  Euroi'e. 

Flounders  are  very    plentiful,    differing  F/oun/tr'. 
confiderably  fron-.  or.rs,  in  (liape,  thicknet's, 
and  gooilnefs,  wherein  they  far  exceed  tliem. 

Plaife  are  not  altogether   like  ours,  nor  p/.,;^. 
are  they  plentiful.     I  am  apt    to   bilieve 
they  are  the  fam;:  fort  of  fifli  the  French  at 
Gocree  c,\\\   the  Caho  Verde  half-moon,  the 
figure  whereof  is  in  the  cut.  Platc  10. 

There  are  alfo  dorados,  corcohados,  or 
gilt-heads,  and  other  large  filh  ;  as  black 
and  white  carabins,  which  are  very  plentiful 
and  cheap,  and  commonly  ferve  the  meaner 
tort  of  people,  who  reckon  them  good 
tood  i  but  the  dorados,  when  in  teai'on,  are 
very  good. 

There  are  three  ot  four  forts  of  bream  b„,„,, 
in  great  abundance,  two  forts  whereof  par- 
ticularly are  very   fat  and  delicate.     The 
Dutch  there  call  it  Rocj.-nd  and   Jacob  E- 
lertzen. 

The  fea-toad,  is  a  fidi  of  a  fmall  fi/.c,  y„.,„aj. 
eaten  by  the   common  fort  of  Blacks,  the 
fins  of  them  very  curious,  as  appears  by  the 
figure  in  the  cut.     The  head  of  it  is  muchf'JTt  iS. 
like  that  of  a  frog,  yr  toad,  wiience  it  has 
the  n.ime. 

TIk: 


.  Cilt-htaJi. 


m 


'.m 


^ifm 


i  i 


% 


l^.llf 


iir  :;r.  :^  .i:  ^ 


(.,,-,■ 


ft  ;' 


I  «   ,1 


l^ 


A  Def  ription  of  the 


Book  HI. 


hUikn'tl. 


Mithti- 


Fl 


Harhot.  Tlie  i)ifie-pampher,  is  a  fort  of  fin.ill 
y^V^»^  fl,\t  fifli,  which  in  delicacy  furpaffw  all  o- 
7;;;''"'thcr5on  thecoalt. 

In  June,  'Jfuh,  and  jlui^uft,  at  Comfiid') 
and  Mutii  they  catch  a  prodigious  quantity 
Plate  i8.  of  a  fnull  fi(h,  rei  rffentcd  in  the  cut,  which 
is  very  good,  and  taftes  much  like  our  pil- 
chards i  but  is  full  of  Imall  bones.  It 
bites  quick,  and  five,  fix,  or  eight  of  them 
are  taken  at  a  time  ■,  if  there  be  fo  many 
hooks  to  one  line.  The  hooks  art  always 
kept  playing  upon  the  furface  ot  the  water, 
where  the  filh  generally  fwims. 

Anotlier  fort  of  fifli,    is    much  larger 
TtATr  i3.tfi'in  the  laft,  which  fee  in  the  cut. 
ctvitir.        'I'he  covcrer  is  flat,  and  rounder  than  the 
pific-pampher. 

There  are  mackarel  at  fome  feafons,  but 
few  caught,  nor  are  they  exaftly  Hiaped 
like  ours  \n- England  ;  therefore  the  French 
c?  II  them  Trezahar;  looking  as  beautiful 
in  the  fea,  as  our  mackarel,  of  a  fine  eme- 
rah'  green,  mixed  with  a  filvcr  white  on 
the  b.ick. 

The  iTiachorans,  fo  called  by  the  French, 
and  by  the  Dutch  Baerd  Manetia,  from  five 
^'"'I'J''-  pretty  long  cxcrefcencies,  which  hang  at  the 
end  of  their  chops,  like  a  beard,  and  on 
e.ich  fide  of  the  mouth,  juft  under  the  eyes, 
ip  one  much  longer,  as  reprefented  in  the  fi- 
gure. At  the  upper  fin  on  its  back,  and 
at  the  under  one  on  the  belly,  is  a  long  hard 
Iharp  horn,  the  prick  whereof  caufes  violent 
pains  and  great  fwcllings,  as  if  there  were 
fome  venomous  nature  in  it,  as  many  failors 
have  expericnc'd  to  their  cofl,  when  acci- 
dentally hurt  by  it  \  and  for  that  reafon, 
many  do  not  care  to  eat  of  the  filh  in  the 
Leti'tii-d  iflands  of  America,  where  there  is 
great  plenty  of  them  and  very  large  j  as  alfo 
btcauft  they  feed  there  among  the  Manza- 
fiilla  trees  which  produce  a  fort  of  poifo- 
nous  apples,  tho'  very  beautiful,  and  of  a 
charming  red.  This  fifh  feeding  in  /Ime- 
rka  on  that  fruit,  ir.  can  not  but  be  dange- 
rous to  cat  i  but  bring  caught  out  at  fea  in 
Jfncii,  and  there  being  no  iuch  trees  on  the 
coaft,  I  cannot  think  it  is  any  way  hurtful ; 
befidcs  that  experience  fhows  the  contrary, 
they  being  commonly  eaten  and  found  good 
wholefomc  fifh.  Thofe  of  the  coalt  of 
Jwcri.a,  are  generally  larger,  and  niix'd 
yellow,  fl<y-co!our,  and  brown:  the  Ent;- 
'lijh  call  it  the  horn-filli,  and  when  firll 
caught,  it  fecms  to  groan. 

Among  the  fmall  fifli  is  the  Ahnel,  (omc- 
wliat  like  or  aouts,  but  much  firmer  and 
more  delicate.  Thoufands  of  them  are 
caught  every  day  along  the  coaft. 

There  is  no  lels  plenty  of  thornbacks,  both 
great  and  imall,  which  differ  not  in  ftiape 
from  ours  i  but  fome  of  them  are  blue,  all 
rtATfijOver  fpotted,  as  in  the  print  drawn  at  cape 
I'erdi.   The  feafon  for  them  is  in  ;V/.i\ ;  tlic 


Ahfi' 


Tkftn 


-iC. 

Ci'tr. 


Bl  iki  ftrikc  them  with  harping  irons. 

Suiesare  extraordinary  gooci,  but  longer  ftfc 
an.l  narrower  than  ours  in  Eiirnpi;  as  in  the 
fif'ure.  Pi  ^ 

Dibs   are  nothing  inferior  to  them   mUit. 
goodnel's. 

In  O:tober  and  November  they  catch  near 
the  Ihore,  with  long  nets,  abundance  of  a 
fort  of  pikes,  which  the  French  call  Bigtinc, 
fliip'il  as  in  the  plate.  P, 

In  Decemb-r  they  take  the  fifli  call'd  Gi- 
ran^oiies,    whereof  there  are  two  forts,   the .,»,, 
one  having  large  round  eyes,  and  the  other* 
fmall  ones,  as  in  the  fame  plate.      They  Pn,,  (. 
have  larM  forked  fins  on  their  backs,  and 
very  thic-k  forked  tails. 

'I'here  are  alio  two  forts  of  fprats,  great  j;,,,, 
and  fmall,  mighty  plentiful,  both  very  fai 
when  in  feafon  i  but  the  larger  ftringy,  and 
therefore  not  valuM.  The  fmaller  arc  very 
.agreeable  fifli,  broii'd,  or  pickled,  or  diy'd 
like  herrings-,  all  which  ways  the  Europrjns 
preferve  great  quantities. 

Lobfters,    crabs,    prawns,  fhrimps,  and sMjij!,, 
muflels  are  very  common  ;   the  lobfters  dif- 
fering  fomewhat  in  figure  from  ours :   fee 
the  I  ape  Ferde  lobfter  in  the  plate.     Thepu„,v 
oiltersare  commonly  extraordinary  large. 

The  5o«//c,  an  excellent  fifli,  is  feldomj,,;,, 
taken  there,  lor  it  comes  not  near  the  fhore  •, 
but  there  arc  prodigious  fhoals  of  them  play- 
ing  in  the  deep  fea,  and  particularly  about 
the  equinocflial.  See  the  figure  of  them  na- 
turally drawn  in  the  plate.  Plate  ij, 

There  are  three  other  forts  of  fifli,  which 
come  out  of  the  fea,  and  flay  in  rivers. 

The  Ciirmou  is  a  white  fifli,  the  largefl  ofCir*,^ 
the  kind  about  three  quarters  of  a  yard  long, 
and  as  thick  as  a  man's  arm.    It  would  be 
very  delicious,  if  not  too  fat  and  oily. 

The  mullet,  whofe  figure  fee  in  the  plate,  jy,^;,, 
differs  from  ours  in  that  it  has  not  fo  thick  FtAitu, 
a  head,  but  is  very  near  as  good  food. 

The  B I tiivia,  when  at  full  growth,  is  in- j,,^^,-, 
difierent  good  meat,    if  it  does  not  tafte 
muddy,  as  it  is  apt  to  do. 

In  December  there  is  great  plenty  of  Corco- omif- 
vados,  or  moon-fifh,  of  colour  whitifli,  al-^«. 
niofl  flat,  and  pretty  thick  about  the  back, 
but  near  round,  for  which  reafon  the  £Kro- 
fc.in  fi-a-faring  men  call  it  the  moon.    See 
the  figure.     The  proper  bait  for  them  is  Pi*":!, 
bits  of  Uigar-canes.     Tlie  flclh  is  fomcwhic 
fullbme. 

There  are  m:iny  other  forts  of  fifli  about 
the  coafl,  which  I  think  needlefs  to  men- 
tion, as  having  alreaJy  taken  notice  of  the 
principal  forts  •  fo  that  a  lover  of  fifli  may 
there  plcafe  his  appetite,  and  make  a  good 
meal  for  fix -pence  at  moll  ;  and  fucii  .as 
cannot  afford  fo  much,  may  ca:  their  fill  at 
half  the  charge  in  the  fummer-feafon,  for  at 
that  time  there  is  alway  one  fort  of  fifli  or 
Other  in  the  market  very  cheap  }  but  in  the 

winter' 


Book  III. 


:  longer  scU,. 
IS  in  the 

liem   'mt}»ts 

tell  np.ir 
ICC  of  a 

Pi  ' :i 4 

res,  the.,,,, 
\\e  otlier 

:ks,  ami 


ts,  great  i^„„. 
very  fat 
igy,  and 
are  very 
ordiy'o 
iuroprjns 

nps,  andi**;///,, 
)fters  dif- 
lurs :   fee 
e.     ThepiATtij; 
!  large. 
is  feldom  ijMi,, 
he  Ihore ; 
lem  play- 
rly  about 
'  them  na- 

PlaieiJ, 
(h,  which 
ivers. 

largeft  ofCimtt, 
ardlong, 
would  be 

|the  plate,  jy^,„ 

fo  thick  Fuit  13. 
Ibod. 

th,  isin-B,,«u 
Inot  tafte 

of  ConO-Cmtif. 

litilh,  al-^'. 
Ithe  back, 
Ithe  Euro- 

)on.    See 

them  isP^*"!;, 
Ifomewhat 

Ifilh  about 
to  men- 
Ice  of  the 

fidi  may 

|c  a  good 

fucli  as 

licir  fill  at 

on,  for  at 

of  fi(h  or 

3Ut  in  the 

winter- 


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lyilhirill/.i/h  •fti\l. 


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/.'.'/f-  .'/'fl//', 


/■•/./:  /'./.>■  I. '4 


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Hanfauin- 

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tki  ll:]m,tkt'RaLlu-,w 


m 


y,  i: 


CHAP.ld 

winter-i 
cf  fifh 
laboure 
tives,  a 
Befld 
fiflies,  ' 
ncrally 
they  ofl 
very  lar 
known 
fword-fi 
unacccp 


Sfmt'fS  DY  tin 
if*""-  ■"  is,  b 
ing  as  ii 
noftrils  i 
the  fea, 
feen  thoi 
for  thre 
either  ir 
fouthwai 
in  calm 
blocks  fi 
The  J 
they  arc 
foot  lonf 
the  fpecii 
and  not 
could  dii 
they  woi 
fhotofoi 
,  .,  .  They  a 
^    It  IS  a  tH' 


Viii' 


jmilll, 


pear,  coi 
and  bulk 
with  mu 
roiild  noi 
to  ftand  ( 
Thele 
'.  the  fidiei 
fport,  ab 
fliore,  an 
a  fright, 
to  fea,  at 
one  to  be 
appears  tl 


t>::i      *  bears  ; 

yard  or  ai 

whicji  the 

points,  li 

gcr,  on  ea 

and  one 

other. 

call'd  the 

r«my  to      It 's  frc 

»i.i'f/.     traordina 

generally 

the   whali 

which  I  r 

Vol 


Chap.i ^.  Coafts  <?/  S O U T H-G U I N E  A. 


22? 


iftuir. 


Jhii' 

/■•'/'■ 


Sfifntfi. 


Imlljijh, 


Hiiaiifi) 

Mm'(/, 


tLalti, 


winter-feafon,  or  foul  weather,  the  fcarcity 
cf  fifh  is  fuch,  that  the  poor  foldiers  and 
labourers,  as  alfo  the  meaner  fort  ot  na- 
tives, arc  fcarcc  able  to  fubfift. 

Befides  the  fevera!  forts  of  fea  and  river- 
fiihes,  which  I  have  already  mention'd,  ge- 
nerally eaten  by  the  people  of  the  country  ; 
they  often  fee  about  the  coaft,  three  other 
very  large  kinds,  viz.  a  fort  of  fmall  whales, 
known  by  the  name  of  grampuffes  ;  the 
fword-fifli,  and  the  /hark  it  will  not  be 
unacceptable  to  give  a  (hort  account  of  each. 

The  Gram  pusses, 
15Y  tiie  French  are  call'd  Souffleurs,  that 
*^  is,  blowers,  or  fpouters,  from  their  blow- 
ing  as  it  were  fpouts  of  w^ter  out  at  their 
noftrils  when  they  rile  i.^jon  the  furface  of 
the  fea,  holding  up  their  fnouts,  as  I  have 
feen  thoufands  of  them  together  in  a  fhoal, 
for  three  or  four  miles  in  circumference ; 
either  in  the  gulph  of  Guinea,  or  to  the 
fouthward  of  the  Line :  which  at  a  diftance 
in  calm  fcorching  weather  look  like  huge 
blocks  fwimming  on  the  ocean. 

The  Dutch  call  them  Noord-Kapers,  and 
they  are  commonly  about  thirty-five  or  forty 
foot  long,  and  fometimes  longer  ;  being  of 
the  fpecies  of  whales,  tho*  fomewhat  longer, 
and  not  fo  thick  in  proportion,  as  near  as  I 
could  difcern  at  a  very  fmall  diftance  ;  for 
they  would  fometimes  come  within  piftol- 
fhot  of  our  fliips,  in  the  open  fea. 

They  arc  very  fwift  in  their  motions,  and 
it  is  almoft  incredible  how  nimble  they  ap- 
pear, confulering  their  prodigious  length 
and  bulk  •,  and  tho'  we  often  (hot  at  them 
with  muskets,  and  certainly  hit  fome,  we 
roiiUl  not  perceive  they  were  fo  wounded  as 
to  ftand  ftiil. 

Thefe  creatures,  in  fine  weather,  when 
the  fifliermcn  are  at  the  height  of  their 
fport,  about  the  coaft,  come  towards  the 
.liore,  and  put  ail  thcfmallcr  fifli  into  fuch 
a  fright,  that  they  all  immediately  fly  out 
to  fea,  and  even  the  next  day  there  isfcarce 
one  to  be  feen  about  the  land,  by  wiiich  it 
.appears  that  thefe  monfters  devour  them. 

The  SwoRD-FiSH, 
tS  fo  call'd,  on  account  of  a  flat  bone  it 
^  bears  at  the  end  of  the  fnout,  about  a 
yard  or  an  ell  long,  and  a  hand  broad  ;  along 
which  there  are  about  feventeen  or  nineteen 
points,  like  teeth,  as  long  .as  a  man's  fin- 
ger, on  each  fide,  for  the  moft  part  rugged, 
and  one  more  on  the  one  fide  than  on  the 
other.  I  (hould  think  this  might  be  as  well 
call'd  the  comb  fidi. 

It  is  from  feven  to  ten  foot  long,  and  ex- 
traordinary thick  in  proportion  •,  and  it  is 
generally  aflirm'd,  that  it  drives  away 
the  whales  with  the  fword  in  the  fnout  •■, 
which  I  report  not  of  my  own  knowledge, 

Vo  L.  V. 


but  the  Greenland  failors  fay  they  have  often  Barbot. 
feen  inftances  of  the  enmity  between  the  V^VW 
whale  and  the  fword-fifli,  obferving  them 
to  fight  and  ftrike  at  one  another  fo  fii- 
rioufly,  as  to  make  the  water  fly  about  like 
rain,  fometimes  the  one  and  fometimes  the 
other  getting  the  better  -,  but  for  the  moft 

Eart,  they  cannot  ftay  to  fee  the  end  of  the 
attel. 

The  Shark, 
15 Y  the  French  call'd  Requien,  which  iRtvnum. 
^  have  drawn  by  the  life  in  the  cut  in  the 
fupplement,  is  an  extraordinary  ravenous 
creature,  of  a  vaft  fize,  fome  of  them  be- 
ing twenty,  and  fome  thirty  foot  lo"7,  very 
large  and  thick,  their  head  broad  and  flat, 
and  the  Ihout  fli^rp-pointed.  If  a  man  hap- 
pens to  fall  over-board,  and  thefe  monfters 
are  at  hand,  they  foon  make  him  their  prey  i 
and  I  have  often  obferv'd,  that  when  we 
threw  a  dead  flave  into  the  fea,  particularly 
about  the  mouth  of  the  bay  of  prince's 
ifland,  in  the  gulph  of  Guinea,  one  ihark 
would  bite  off"  a  leg,  and  another  an  arm, 
whilft  others  funk  down  with  the  "^oHv  j 
and  all  this  was  don-j  in  lefs  than  two  mi- 
nutes ;  they  dividing  the  whole  corps  among 
them  fo  nicely,  that  the  leaft  particle  of  it 
was  not  to  be  feen,  not  even  of  tue  bowels. 

On  the  other  hand,  it  is  ple-fant  enough  Fisht  mi 
to  obferve  what  ftrange  motions  there  are «»'"*«'■• 
among  them  upon  fuch  occafions :  for  if 
one  happens  to  come  too  late  for  his  Ihare 
of  a  dead  body  thrown  overboard,  he  is 
ready  to  devour  the  reft,  and  feldom  fails 
to  attack  one  or  other  of  them  with  the 
greateft  violence,  when  rearing  their  heads 
and  half  their  bodies  above  the  furface  of 
the  water,  they  give  one  another  fuch  ter- 
rible blows,  that  they  make  the  fea  about 
them  foam. 

Providence  has  foorder'd  it,  that  this  ra- 
venous creature  has  its  mouth  far  behind 
the  fnout,  and  low  -,  fo  that  it  is  obliged  to 
turn  on  its  back  to  bite  at  any  thing :  and 
were  it  not  for  this,  the  creature  would  be 
much  more  dreadful. 

It  is  fo  wl'1  known  to  moft  failors,  andcy^;^. 
has  been  fo  o^i-n  defcribed  by  other  tra- «"'»<'/«■ 
vellers,  that  .t  v.'ill  be  needlefs  to  give  a 
larger  account ;  befides  that,  the  figure  of 
it  exaftly  drawn,  as  I  have  ("aid  above,  will 
give  full  fatisfaftion :  but  for  the  informa- 
tion of  thofe  who  have  never  feen  any,  I 
cannot  but  add,  that  its  eyes,  tho'  very 
fmall  in  proportion  to  the  body,  and  round, 
look  like  a  bright  flaming  fire.  The  jaw- 
bones or  chops  are  fo  wonderfully  framed  or 
join'd  together,  that  when  occafion  requires 
to  prey  on  fomething  that  is  ■  zry  large,  they 
can  open  a  mouth  of  a  prodigious  width  and 
bignefs,  within  which  are  three  rows,  above 
and  below,  of  very  fliarp  and  ftrong  teeth, 
which  at  once  cutoff"  a  man's  arm,  leg, 
M  m  m  head. 


*  'v.iJfi^ 


li 


^■^«i)iis#''£ 


^t  .iSK  ^ 


4^1 


iz6 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  III  I  Chap,  i 


I 


•i^i 


m 


skin  uni 

tsltnr. 


BARPOT.head,  or  any  other  part  of  the  body.     It 

^■^V^  has  been  obierv'd,  thatmiding  the  bait,  it 

will  return  three  times,  the'  before  torn  by 

the  liook  i  and  1  have  been  told,  that  there 

was  found  in  the  belly  of  one  of  them  a 

knife  and  fix  pounds  of  b.icon. 

B,;„,,  It  does  not  fpawn  like  other  fifh,  nor  lay 

forth        eggs  as  tortoifes  do,  but  brings  fortii  young 

_jo«»jf.       ;|^  ji,^.   ix'nUs  do,  hiving  a  matrix,  and  all 

the  rcit:  lil<e  a  fifli  •,  as  has  alfo  the  rcd-filli, 

wiiich  fomcwhat  relembling  a  Imall  lliark, 

has  by   fome  been  taken  for  another  fort  of 

them  \  but  when  well  exaniin'd,  as  I  have 

done  feveral  tiims,  it  appears  very  different, 

which  may  be  fcen  in  I  lie  cut  in  the  fupple- 

ment,    re[)relentir.g   a  Ital  fifh,    'vhi<-h  the 

I-'rcmb  call   Roi,/fi!lt;  .'nd  whereof  I   (hall 

fpeak  more  at  lar(re  iiereafter  in  the  luppie- 

mcnt. 

Mhlii-  '  o  return  to  the  fhark,  there  arc  every 

tuJti  if    wiiere  vail  tnukitu.les  of  thetn  between  the 

t//em.        tropicks  i    antl    more   particularly    on   the 

coad  ot  Guiuru,  or  /Ir^uhi,   on  the  coall  of 

Ccnd'Oi!,  co-ruptly  call'd  Burbaiy,    to   the 

northward  of6V«('i;i?,  down  to /Ingvii,  and 

farther  louth,  either  out  at  Lx  or  near  the 

fhore,  all  along  thole  coattsi    and  they  are 

of  all  fizes,    fome  valtly  big,    and  others 

fmall,  aciording  to  their  ages. 

Their  fkins  are  of  a  dark  brown,  almoft 
over  all  tiie  body,  and  whitilh  jufl  under 
the  belly,  having  neith-  r  fcales  nor  fli'.lls, 
but  a  tliiek  oily  fat  roughnels  like  fli.'green 
adorn'il  with  llre.iks  acrofs  very  crdcrly 
down  on  each  fide  of  the  back.  It  fwims 
i'li-rcdibly  I'wift,  and  great  multitudes  of 
them  uiually  follow  our  flavt-fliips  fome 
hundred  leagues  at  iea,  as  they  fail  ^Jllt  from 
the  giilph  of  Cv.iiha;  as  if  they  knew  we 
were  to  throw  fome  dead  corps  over  board 
ahiiOit  every  day.  They  are  iMJom  lien 
far  out  at  fea,  unlets  in  a  calm,  tollowiiig 
fliips  to  catch  whailoever  is  thrown  out. 
filttfilh.  They  are  commonly  attended  by  a  Ibrt 
of  little  filhes  about  as  big  as  pilchards, 
but  lomewhat  rounder  fhaped,  fwimming 
before  them,  without  ever  being  hurt  by 
thofe  ravenous  monfters,  which  through  a 
particular  inllindt  never  devour  them,  as 
they  do  .ill  other  fidies  tluy  can  mailer. 
Thele  fmall  ones  are  call'd  Plht-t)jhes,  from 
their  Iwimming  before  the  others ;  and  it  is 
obferv'el,  that  very  often,  when  a  fhark  is 
taken  with  a  hook,  and  drawn  aboard  a 
rtiip,  this /"j/o/-/;//!)  clings  to  his  back,  and 
is  taken  with  him:  and  I  have  heard  that 
fo.T>e  Hiarks  have  been  taken  with  the  Re- 
mora  hlii  'ticking  to  them. 
r.xVtng  of  Thole  day^  we  threw  no  dead  bodies  over 
jhtrks.  board,  and  when  che  weather  v  as  moderate, 
we  diverted  ourfel.'es  with  catching  o\' 
fliarks,  with  Jong  thi-k  iron  hooks,  f.ill- 
ntjd  to  an  iron  chain,  having  a  large  piece 
of  bacon,   or  Ilinking   meat,  for   a   bait ; 


which  way  wc  foon  caught  fome :  but  in 
haling  them  aboard  with  a  rope,  or  tackle, 
were  always  fain  to  keep  clear,  bccaufe  be- 
fide  the  ilanger  of  their  fh.irp  teeth,  they 
ftrike  with  the  tail ;  which  is  lb  protligious 
itrong,  that  fliould  it  hit  a  man,  it  would 
not  fail  to  break  an  arm  or  a  leg,  if  not 
worfe. 

No  creature  is  harder  to  kill  •,  for  when  Br jiVi^,,; 
cut  in  pieces,  they  will  all  move.     They/^'in/u- 
have  a  fort  of  marrow  in  the  head,  which'"^^ 
hardens  in  the  fun,  and  being  powder'd  and 
taken  in  white  wine,  is  very  good   for  the 
chotick. 

Notwithdaniling  thefe   creatures   are  fo 
ravenous,  as  has  been  fiid,  thev  are  not  ("o  ■''"'"''• 
m  the  l.ime  degree  on  the  Goid  Loajt  as  elle-cioij 
wlKtCi  tho' abundance  of  them  fwarni  a-Coi(l. 
long  that  lliore,  and  are  frequently  taken: 
which  may  be  attributed  to  the  vail  quan- 
tity of  filh  it  always  finils  thereabouts,  to 
latiate  its  greedy  appetite.     In  confirmation 
of  which  opinion  it  is  olilerved,  that  at  Fid.^ 
and  Arjra,  where  there  is  much  fcarcity  of 
fifli  on  the  coall,  the  Iharks  are  more  --ve- 
nous alter  any  de.id  corps,  or  other  flefn  that 
is  thrown  over  board. 

The  flelli  of  a  large  fhark  is  commonly  L«r^(,  „, 
tough,  and  therefore  not  much  liked  byi""''""!. 
EurofMiis ;  but  the  Blanks  in  general  eat  it 
as  a  dainty,  after  it  has  lain  rotting  and 
llinking  eiglit  or  ten  days,  according  to 
their  cuHoin  ;  and  a  great  trade  of  it  is 
driven  into  the  inland  country. 

The  finalkr  fiiarks,  of  about  fix  or  eight  r/'«yi»i;,', 
foot  long    are  the  bell  to  cat,   boilM,  and'"'"' 
prclb'd,  and  then  flew'd  w.th  vinegar  and 
jv.ppcr ,  wliiih  way  many  Eworcan  llainen 
eat  It,  when  they   :.  in  want. 

To  conclude  this  ilifcourfe  concerning 
filh,  I  Hull  mention  three  other  forts.  The 
fiill  is 

77v    POR  POIS  E, 

F  wliich  there  are  fwarms  in  this  Cubica 
oce.ui,  anil  ti.ey  often  appear  near  the 
fliore.  This  filh  is  iiniverfally  lb  well  known, 
that  1  fhall  not  fpcnd  much  time  upon  it, 
having  given  the  figure  of  it  in  the  cut.       Piun^. 

The  Irer.ch  call  it  Maifiuin.  It  is  won-i/«.i;/ jf 
derful  to  fee  how  Iwifc  they  are,  and  what''""' 
valt  flioals  there  are  of  them  in  the  gulph 
oi' Giiined,  playing  about  in  a  brisk  gale  of 
wind,  and  skipping  about  a  lliip  that  has  a 
good  run.  \Ve  one  day  there  (Iruck  five 
of  them  with  our  harjiing-irons,  and  had 
leifure  enough  to  vkw  them  exadlly. 

They  were  about  five  toot  long,  and  very  y,,  ^„; 
flefliy,  or  rather  all  fat,  except  the  head,mf<; 
which  is  tolerable  good  meat,  being  firll 
well  falted  fome  days,  then  boil'd  and  well 
feafon'd,  yet  it  is  afterwards  uneafy  upon 
the  flomach,  being  too  fat  and  oily.  The 
flefh  of  their  bodies  was  cu.  into  flices,  and 
after  it  iiad  lain  feveral  days  in  a  ilrong 

brine. 


o 


ookIII  I  Chap.  17.  ^^^//e?/ South-Guinea. 


ii,  iM. 


^Mfi. 


biinc,  or  pickle,  our  men  hung  it  'j;i  for  a 
time,  cxpos'ii  to  the  heat  of"  the  fun,  and 
then  cut  it ;  but  it  was  ftiil  naufeous,  the 
fit  being  ill-ta(lcd.  The  ribs  and  entrails 
are  like  thofc  of  a  hog,  bating  that  they 
have  two  Itoni^  hs,  the  one  at  tlic  end  of 
the  oslbphage,  the  other  clinging  to  one 
Pule,  almoll  as  large  as  the  firll ;  and  this 
laft  has  a  little  opening,  which  is  the  com- 
munication between  them  both.  It  is  full 
of  little  cells,  like  thofe  in  the  wax,  before 
the  honey  is  taken  from  it.  The  duodenum 
has  its  rife  in  the  lall. 

Thofe  fifties,  when  firft  laid  upon  the 
deck,  made  a  iort  of  groaning  till  they 
expired.  Their  blood  is  as  hot  as  that 
which  comes  from  any  beafl,  and  there  is  a 
good  quantity  of  it  ;  which  is  contrary  to 
the  nature  of  other  fifties.  We  took  both 
males  and  females,  each  fex  having  its  di- 
l^inft  parts  of  generation  1  and  they  engen- 
der by  copulation 

The  skin  is  all  over  like  a  whale's,  of  a 
pitchy  colour,  and  the  body  round  and 
plump.  The  fnout  is  pretty  long,  and  in 
the  mouth  are  rows  of  very  fmall  fliarp  teeth, 
looking  at  a  diltance  like  a  fliw.  This  fifti 
will  not  meddle  with  a  man. 


7'he  R  E  M  o  R  .^, 
T  S  rcprefented  in  the  cut  in  the  fupplement, 
•*•  of  which  the  antients  have  writ,  that  it  will 
(lop  a  ftiip  under  fail.  I  ftiall  only  fpeak  of  its 
head  i  the  upper  part  of  it  is  quite  flat,  with 
twelve  fmall  cuts  or  dents  reaching  from  one 
end  of  it  to  the  other,  by  means  whereof  it 
cleave-  fall  to  any  piece  of  timber  or  (lone, 
as  the  lampreys  do  ;  fo  that  the  whole  body 
hangs  down  :  and  hence  perhaps  proceeded 
.-  ,;„5.thac  abfurd  0()inion  fome  men  in  former  ages 
liJtefi:.  conceiv'd,  that  it  could  (top  a  fliip  under 
fail  ;  fome  part  whereof  might  be  poftible, 
if  a  ftoopor  linaller  veflel  had  a  thoufand  or 
more  (licking  t  j  its  fides  and  Hern,  they  be- 
ing commonly,  at  full  growth,  about  three 
loot  long  or  better,  for  then  they  might 
coiifider.i'oly  retard  the  failing  of  liieh  avef- 
ftl  i  but  it  is  ridiculous  to  fay  they  can  have 


any  jxiwer  over  great  ftiips  under  fail,  as  is  Bmibot. 
pretended.  U'VX 

I  obferv'd  for  feveral  days,  both  in  the 
gulph  ot' Guinea,  and  about  the  line,  that 
we  were  follow'd  by  great  numbers  of  thefe 
fifties,  and  they  appear'd  very  greedy  of 
men's  excrements,  which  they  were  conti- 
nually gaping  after  as  they  fell  to  the  water  ; 
and  therefore  the  flave  ftiips  are  well  attended 
by  them  in  thofe  parts. 

They  are  neverthelefs  tolerable  goodCi>f»/«- 
meat,  when  well  dreft  and  feafon'd.  The  *""• 
under  chop  is  fomewhat  longer  than  the  up- 
per i  and  I  believe  they  engender  by  copu- 
lation, as  leveral  other  forts  of  fifti  do,  par- 
ticularly whales,  ftiarks,  porpoifcs,  and  fca- 
dogs. 

The  French  call  this  fifli  Siijfd,  or  Re- N»mn. 
mora,  or  Arrete-nef;    the  En^liflj,  the  Sca- 
Lamfre): 

the  Vi.  VINO    Fi  s  H, 
TS  the  third  of  the  three  lall  I  promis'd  to 
^  mention,  there  being  fuch  plenty  in  thofe 
feas,    that  I  fliall  have  occafion  to  fpeak 
of  it  hereafter  ;    and,  for  the  prefent,  fhall 
only  obfervo,  that  there  are  feveral  forts  ot^,,^ 
it,  and  refer  you  to  the  two  figures  of  thertAxE  19; 
finefl:  I  met  with  in  my  travels,  as  exadHy 
rcprefented  in  the  cut. 

They  are  both  excellent  meat,  i.fpeciallyG'""'''"*'' 
broii'd  on  a  quick  fire,  and  very  fine  crea- 
tures to  look  to,  being  about  twelve  or  fif- 
teen inches  long. 

Thefe,  when  purfued  by  the  flioals  of  Bo- 
nilos,  or  other  grearer  fifhcs,  which  greedily 
devour  them,  take  their  flight  above  water  •, 
but  genera'ly  not  very  high,  which  is  the 
reafon  that  Imall  low  vefTels  catch  more  of 
them  than  the  greater  and  loftier.  They 
fly  as  long  as  there  is  any  moiflure  left  in 
their  wings,  and  then  plunge  again  in  the 
ocean  -,  and  it  is  no  fmall  diverfion,  in  ibme 
parts  of  the  ocean,  to  fee  millions  of  flying 
fifties  J  u;  'ued  by  the  va(l  ftioals  of  Ronitos 
in  the  water  ;  and  out  of  it,  aflluilted  by 
many  large  fea-fowl :  whereof  1  will  give  a 
particular  account  in  another  place,  with  a 
draught  of  the  fame. 


CHAP.    xvir. 

The  feveral  places  and  ways  for  gathering  of  g->ld  •■,  on  mountains^  in  rivers^ 
and  on  the  feafbore.  Of  gold  mines,  iieveral  forts  of  gold.  Faljifying  of 
It.  HojJ  to  d:fcover  that  cheat.  Advice  to  dealers.  Love  and  ejieem  of 
gold.     Gold  weights.     Long  meafure.     European  fraud. 


I  Have  already,  in  my  defcription  of  the 
inland  country  beyond  the  Gohl  Coaft, 
takeri  notice  which  country  was  richeft  in 
gold ;  and  that  the  befl  and  mofl  of  that 
metal  was  brought  down  to  the  coaft  from 
Diitkiri,  Accanez,  Akim,  Awine,  Igivira, 
and  ir^iakoe. 


I  am  now  to  ftiow  the  feveral  ways  t\\tMifl»kin 
Blacks  have  to  get  this  gold,  to  refute  the  nmin. 
opinion  receiv'd  among  many  perfons  in 
Europe,  who  have  been  perfuaded  that  the 
mod  of  it  is  dug  out  of  mines ;  and  perhaps 
believe  it  is  here  as  with  the  Spaniards  at  Po- 
tofi,  that  it  is  only  fctting  flaves  to  work 

thefe 


'It 


,':>j 


iVJ 


iil^kl;    1 


f    I. 


;£  ;  :     ;   i 


V''i 


228 


y^  Defer ipt ion  of  the 


Book  III. 


BARBOT.thefe  mines  and  ih.it  each  of  the  ^«ro;)M« 
^^V^'  nations  trading  on  the  Gold  Coajf,  has  a  pro- 
portion of  fiich  mines  whence  they  dig  that 
metal. 


IVhere,  mid  how  0  o  i,  n  is  found. 
TiirHwaii  np  H  K  aiaiki  have  three  ways  to  get  gold, 
•ndfUen.  1     .ji^^j  jjj^gp  It  veral  forts  ot  places  where 
they  find  it.    The  firft,  where  the  bell  gold 
is  found,  is  on  or  betwixt  (omc  particular 
hills;  the  fecond  is  in  and  about  fomc  rivers 
and  w.itcr-fdis  1  and  the  third  on  the  It-a- 
fhore,  where  there   are  little  rivulets,  into 
which  the  golii  is  driven  from  the  moun- 
tains, as  well  as  into  the  great  rivers. 
Uinis  con-     As  for  the  gold  mines,  the  Black    either 
eialtJ.      through  ignor.uue,  or  policy,  tlleei.i  thcni 
f!'.cred,  and  keep  all  pcrlons  in  fear  of  open- 
ing, or  working  them  •,  fo  that  it  m.iy  well 
be  afiirm'd,  lh.it  trom  the  full  times  when 
the  Europcam  began  to  trade  thither  to  this 
day,    no  Eiii-npt\ui  ever  law  any  of  thofe 
gold   mines:    ami  I  am  of  opinion,    that 
were  the  R!acb  willing  to  open  any  of  them, 
they  know  not  how  to  go  about  it. 
TirflpUtis     Astothclird  forr  of  places,  above  men- 
".'*''.?''"  tion'd,  i\k  Rl:vks  having  once  found  where 
any  gold  is,  dig  at  ranilom,  without  the 
leaft  knowledge  of  the  veins,  and  feparate 
the  metal  from  the  earth  which  comes  up 
with  it.    There  is  no  doubt  but  much  more 
muft  be  thus  loft,  for  want  of  skill  in  fepa- 
rating  the  metal. 
itctnJjort.     In  the  fecond  fort  of  places,  the  violence 
and  rapitlity  of  the  water-falls,  wallies  down 
great  quantities  of  earth,  carrying  the  gold 
along  with  it,  from   the  hilly  and  moun- 
tainous country, where  it  is  generally  thought 
the  gold   is   produced,  rather  than  in  low 
flat  grounds,  as  the  natural  philofophers  and 
reafon    itlell   informs  us.     To  evince  this, 
the  Bbcks  often  told  me,  they  found  much 
more  ol  that  metal  in  tiic  rainy  feafon  of  the 
year,     than    at    other  times ;    and    hence 
fprings  their  cuftom,  ol"  praying   to  their 
deities  to  lend  heavy  .uid  long  Ihowers  of 
rain,  that  they  may  grow  rich  the  fooner. 
Diving  far     The  inhabitants  of  Ipjuira  and  about  Cobra 
river,   letch   their   gold  from  under  and  a- 
bout  the  rocks  that  .ire  under  water  in  their 
rivers,  where  there  are  greatcfl  water-fills 
and  torrents.     They  plunge  and  dive  under 
rhemofl  rapid  llreams,  with  a  brals  bafon, 
or  wooden  bowl  on  their  head,  into  which 
they  gather  all  they  can  re.ich  to  at  the  bot- 
tom ;  and  when  full,  return  to  the  bank  of 
the  river,  with  the  bafon  on  their  he.id  a- 
gain,  where  other  men  and  women  are  rea- 
dy to  receive  andwafli  it,  holding  their  b.i- 
fons  or  bowls  againft  the  ilream,  till  al!  the 
drofs  and  earth  is  walli'd  away  :  the  gold,  if 
there  is  any  in  the  bafon,  by  its  own  weight 
finking  down  to  the  bottom.     When  thus 
clcanled  and  fepaiaced,   they  turn  it  into 


gold. 


Htm 

cle»ns'i. 


another  veflcl,  till  quite  clear  of  fand  or 
earth.  The  gold  comes  up  fomc  in  fmall 
grains,  fome  in  little  lumps  as  big  as  peafc, 
or  beans,  or  in  very  fine  dull.  This  is  a 
very  tedious  and  toiifome  way  of  gathering 
gold ;  for  I  have  been  afTurcd,  that  the  molt 
dexterous  diver  cannot  get  above  the  value 
of  two  ducats  a  day,  one  day  with  another. 

The  third  fort  of  places  for  finding  ofuiu  /,., 
gold,  as  at  cape  S.  Apobnia,  MaKcii,  /Ixim 
and  Mtna,  are  the  rivers  or  (mailer  ftreams, 
which  run  there  into  the  feai  and  in  their 
courfe  ilownwards  carry  away  (mall  parti':  les, 
or  bits  of  gold,  but  mollly  the  dully  part  ol 
that  metal,  into  the  ocean  ;  and  that  again 
being  in  perpetual  agitation  by  the  S  S  W. 
and  .S  VV.  winds,  the  waves  are  continually 
beating  upon  the  (Irand,  which  motion  of 
theirs  drives  up  the  (iinil,  and  among  it  the 
gold  that  was  before  carry'd  out  by  the  ri- 
vers, the  beach  being  there  very  flat. 

After  a  violent  night  of  rain,  in  the  morn-  aw /•„,,; 
ing  hundreds  of  black  women  and  boys  re-  n  il» 
pair  to  thofe  places,  (lark  naked,  except/'"''', 
what  modefty  requires  iliould  be  covered  -, 
every  one  carrying  a  larger  or  fmaller  tray, 
which  they  fill  full  of  earth  and  fand,  and 
then  wafli  it  over  and  over  again  in  the  frc(h 
water  till  quite  cleans'd,  after  the  fame  man- 
ner as  I  mention'd  to  be  done  in  Igwira, 
and  other  inland  parts.  This  employment 
generally  holds  them  till  noon,  at  which 
time  fomi  -^f  them  can  not  get  above  the 
value  of  rix-f)ence  -,  fome  may  perhaps  find 
bits  worth  fix  or  eight  fhillings,  which  is  very 
rare,  and  fometimes  they  Tofe  all  their  la- 
bour. 

In  this  manner,  all  the  gold  that  is  yearly  //««>«•,, 
exported  from  that  coaft  to  A"«ro/'f,  is  ga- "^'"j 
ther'd  ;  which,  if  I  may  credit  (bmc  very 
underllanding  gentlemen,  who  have  lived 
long  there,  amounts  to  Sooo  marks,  be- 
fides  what  is  lent  about  to  other  parts  of  the 
world.  Of  this  quantity,  the  DiiUb  gene- 
rally have  one  fourth  part,  when  there  is  a 
general  p.Mce  among  the  Bliicks,  an  !  all  the 
pafTes  are  open  and  free.  The  E..t^!:^j  have 
about  a  fifth  or  bettc  r.  The  red  is  diviJed 
among  the //t'Wf/j,  th- Danes,  the  Biinden- 
biDjhrs,  the  Foil  uguffr,  and  the  interlopers 
of  thofe  nations. 

Thus  we  may  fay,  the  whole  quantity 
carry'd  away  Uomi\\i:  GoldCoajl,  amounts 
to  I  .'.000  marks  one  year  with  another ; 
which  being  reckoned  at  jo/.  Ilerling  pn 
mark,  amounts  to  240000/.  (lerling,  or 
little  lefs,  according  as  the  price  is  higher  or 
lower  in  the  parts  oi  Europe  where  it  isdil 
poled  of 

0/GoLD  Mines. 
T?  R  O  M  what  has  been  faid  of  the  three 


from 


fcveral  ways  the  Blackshd.\c  to  get  gold, 
ithe  earth  and  rivers,  howtediousanddit 


ficult  it  is  to  gather  fuch  quantities  as  I  have 


Ichap.  17-        Coaps  tf/ South-Guinea. 

ni;ntion'd  arc  carried  yearly  from  tlie  Gold 
Coajl,  and  the  prodigious  qii.intity  wiiich  al- 
ways remains  in  thehnnils  of  the  Blacks ;  it  is 


way 

nitur.il  to  believe,asIdo,  notwitiillandingthe 
Eenersl  receiv'ii  opinion  to  the  contrary, 
that  up  the  inl.tnil  it  m.iy  be  gathered  out 
of  mines,  tho  perhaps  they  have  not  the 
Ikill  of  working  them  in  perfeflion.  Did 
that  country  belong  to  Europeans,  they 
would  undoubtedly  lind  it  to  produce  much 
greater  treal'ure  than  tiie  Bucks  draw  from 
it  1  but  it  is  not  likely  they  fhould  ever 
enjoy  that  liberty  there,  and  mull  therefore 
rfil  f.itisfied  witii  wiiat  they  can  get  by 
w.iy  of  trade. 
,„,t,     I  will  not  be  too  pofitive  in  this  iilTertion, 

Ijl'iiick'  as  being  only  my  own  private  conjedure  •, 
(«i«'''buton  the  othtT  iiand,   all  thofe  who  are 

1 1"'""'""' of  [he  contrary  opinion  have  no  better 
grounds  for  it  than  tiicir  own  notions.  For 
r\o  European  wh.ufoevcr  has  been  lo  far  up 
the  country,  as  to  fee  wliether  the  inland 
Hiach  do  not  open  and  work  their  mines  -, 
,-ind  we  hear  of  very  large  pieces  of  gold, 
that  are  there  in  tiie  iiands  of  particular 
iKTlons  i  as  for  inflance,  the  king  of  li^iiira, 
who  the  natives  fay  has  at  the  door  of  his 
lioufc  or  palace,  if  we  may  lb  call  it,  a 
lump  of  that  rich  metal,  as  big  as  an  ordi- 
nary wine  hoglhead,  wiiich  is  confecrated 
and  fet  apart,  as  that  monarch's  deity,  to 
which  he  afligns  many  hidden  prerogatives 
and  virtues :  yet  I  can  never  believe,  that 
luch  a  lump  of  gold,  as  that  is  reported  to 
be,  could  ever  be  dug,  or  worked  out  from 
a  mine  as  it  is,  but  rather,  that,  if  tiiere  be 
any  truth  in  the  laid  report,  it  murt  have 
been  made  of  melted  gold  :  for  as  far  as  I 
could  be  there  informed,  by  the  moll  under- 
ftanding  perlbns,  gold  is  feklom  dug  out  of 
the  e.'.rth,  or  found  in  rivers  in  any  larger 
pieces  or  lumps  th.m  the  bignefs  of  a  man's 
fid. 

In  confirmation  of  my  opinion,  that  gold 
may  be  dug  out  ot  mines  up  tlie  inland 
countries,  I  give  here  the  account  I  had 
from  fome  rational  and  judicious  Blacks,  of 
the  inland  parts,  who  unanimoully  agreed 
in  this  particular  •,  that  they  had  gold  mines 
in  their  countries,  and  thofe  not  very 
remote  from  the  coafl ;  but  would  never 
tell  where,  nor  how  they  did  work  them  : 
fo  politick  and  difcreet  they  are  in  that 
point,  left  foreigners  fliould  know  them, 
and  be  tempted  to  invade  their  country,  for 
the  fake  of  thofe  fubterraneous  reafures. 

The  kings  and  rulers  of  thole  gold  coun- 
tries make  ufe  of  this  policy  not  only  in 
regard  of  foreigners,  from  whom  they  would 
conceal  their  gold  mines ;  but  even  extend 
it  to  the  commonalty  of  their  own  people, 
to  whom  they  inculcate  ftrange  ridiculous 
notions  of  them,  that  they  may  be  afraitl  to 
offer  at  breaking  up  any.     As  for  inftancc, 

VOL.V. 


they  confccrate  and  make  deities  of  thofe  Barbot 
hills  and  mountains,  which  afford  moll  of  t/VVi 
the  precious  metal,  and  tiie  Blacks  being")"' '' 
naturally  precifeand  fcrupulous  in  religious 
affairs,  that  alone  is  fufficient  to  deter  them 
from  making  the  leall  attempt  upon,  or 
lb  much  as  removing  one  ftonc  from  luch 
fanftify'vl  places.  Secondly,  as  if  that  were 
not  fufficient  to  reftrain  the  avarice  of  thofe 
people,  their  priefts  tell  a  thoufand  extra- 
vagant ftories  of  thofe  gold  mines  -,  as  for 
example,  they  make  believe  fuch  a  horrid 
nolle  is  heard  in  the  mines,  that  the  moft 
undaunted  man  cannot  continue  there  a  mo- 
ment, without  being  frighted  to  death. 
'Ihirilly,  that  wholbever  is  lo  bold  as  to 
enter  the  mines,  is  cruelly  beaten  by  mali- 
cious fpiritsi  and  others  affirm,  there  is  a 
golden  dog  that  walks  about  toguardtliem. 
VVhether  it  be  the  policy,  or  the  ignorance 
ot  thofe  prime  men  an<*  priefts,  wiiich  makes 
tliem  give  out  llich  abfurdities,  is  hard  to 
decide  ;  tlie  better  fort,  as  well  as  the  com- 
mon dty,  being  fuperftitious  and  vo-dofall 
knowledge. 

After  all,  the  Blacks  own,  that  the  ma- 
nagement of  their  country  gold  mines  is 
often  fatal  to  thofe  that  work  in  them,  for 
want  of  fkill,  they  being  often  buried  alive, 
by  the  falling  in  of  the  earth,  orelfefuftb- 
cated  by  the  damps  and  exhalations  rifing 
under  ground. 

Another  argument  to  believe,  that  there 
are  fuch  gold  mines  in  the  countries  not 
very  remote  from  the  coaft,  is,  that  in  the 
year  i6j2,  the  king  of  Gwa/To  caufed  a  hill, 
whicli  is  juft  behind  cape  /lUca  des  Torn's, 
near  little  Commendo,  to  be  dug,  and  at  firfl 
found  much  gold  ;  but  the  miners  not  un- 
derftinding  the  bulinefs,  the  earth  tell  in,  jf*^'"*. 
and  fmothered  a  great  number  of  labourers  J*  '"^  '"' 
whereupon  the  king  ordered,  that  for  the 
future,  no  perlon  whatfoever  fhould  open 
any  gold  mine,  and  that  law  has  been  ever 
fince  obferved  there.  By  this  it  appears, 
that  whatfoever  tales  are  told  to  the  con- 
trary, the  Blacks  have  opened  mines,  and 
are  deterred  from  it  rather  by  the  fear  of 
their  falling  in,  than  any  religious,  or  fu- 
perftitious conceits :  and  perhaps  farther  up 
the  country,  there  may  be  let's  danger  in 
digging  in  fome  places,  or  more  art  in 
managing  of  the  work  ;  for  in  thofe  things 
we  have  no  better  authority  than  the  im- 
perfeft  accounts  of  Blacks,  moll  of  whom 
have  not  been  themfelves  far  up  the  inland, 
but  only  traded  for  the  gold  they  bring 
down  to  the  fea,  at  the  nearer  markets. 

But  Igwira  anil  Dunkira,  very  rich 
countriL.s  in  gold,  are  not  very  diftant 
from  the  fhore  ;  and  Sluakoe,  whence  a 
very  great  quantity  comes  down  every 
year  to  Acra,  is  not  above  thirty  leagues 
from  the  coaft. 

Nnn  A 


1  1: 


"■'yI 


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:-^ilt; 


.!   1 


k 


mi% 


m' 


'.:'*«. 


w 

■  ■■>'  1  „    '■  11 


ii*lui 


.Jwil      -If  -,  ■■    ■ 


230 


4 


DefcriptioH  of  the 


Book  III  I  Chap.  IT 


Bar  II': 


Minn 


li>e  Jh.tjl. 


CDnrfir. 


B 
tiit, 


A  Dafi'ip.)  geiuloman  at  Manfiou  affirmed 
to  iTif,  th.it  ^old  was  (lug  our  of  the  mines, 
in  the- <-oumriis  of  ./(,;;/<  J.  ivJ  Iylii,:\i  both 
whii  h  pl.ircs  lie  li.ui  bi'tii  upon  the  lei  vice 
o;'  tlie  loiiu'iny  ;  and  th.U  it  is  a  l.iw  tliere, 
that  wholoiver  chllovers  a  polJ  mine,  lias 
the  one  half  of  the  gold  it  atVords,  and  the 
king  the  other  half.  That  he  law  very  larj^e 
pieces ot  gold  there,  as  they  (aine  Crom  tlu' 
niinvs,  lacii  ot  ihoi'e  kings  having  a  lunni 
ot  gold,  ot  the  cireunikTcnce  ol  a  biilhel, 
which  thiykept  as  a  deity,  and  vshiihhe 
Iwore  to  me,  lu-  law  and  touched  ;  and  to 
what  purpolV  that  gcntirman  Ihouid  toi- 
i'wear  himlelf,  I  cannot  lee. 

.Skvuuai.  Sokts  of  Gold. 

T  Come  now  to  treat  of  tlie  fcveral  forts 

of  golii,  in  th.ofe  parts,  for  it  i.  not 
every  wlivre  of  th:;  fame  ftncnefs,  as  fome 
jierhaps  may  imagine. 

It  IS  gener.illy  of  two  forts,  as  it  cimes 
niturally,  either  from  the  mines,  or  n\'ers. 
That  whi.h  is  h)und  nearell  tljc  fiirfate  of 
the  earth  is  the  fnuft,  as  beiii!',  more  rc-fiuM 
by  th.'  heacof  the  fun,  by  whom  this  mjt.il 
is  laid  to  be  produced,  .iccordinj;  to  our 
natural  philofophers  ;  being  t()and  in  veins, 
running  through  the  earth,  like  the  iiranches 
of  tr.cs, 

I'he  lower  gold  produced  by  the  cvcef- 
five  heat  of  tlie  fun,  in  procefs  of  time 
much  deeper  and  lower,  is  not  lb  much  re- 
fiii'd  as  the  uppermoll  ;  for  generally  the 
deeper  you  dig,  the  coarler  it  riles,  be- 
tauli.'  it  is  ne.ircr  to  filver. 

It  is  alfoio  beobferv'd,  that  fome  mines 
ailbrd  better  gold  than  others. 

Of  thefe  two  forts  one  is  called  gold  dull, 
being  aliv.oil  asihiall  ,is  meal, and  is  the  very 
\i\,  be.uin;',  the  greatelt  price,  not  only 
in /'h;';,(',  but  .dl  over  hwoie. 

The  fceomi  fort  is  in  bits,  or  jiieces  of 
feveral  fi/.cs,  fome  no  bigger  th.m  fp.ingks, 
fome  like  \'>K\((i,  fome  as  large  as  I'lcnch 
beans,  .ind  fome  as  big  again,  like  fmall 
rockv  pointed  llones,  of  .ibout  the  value 
of  three  guineas  in  weight,  and  fome  ag.iin 
weigliiiig  twenty,orthirtyguineas :  there  are 
but  very  f;  w  of  thefe  large  lumps  to  be  feen. 
Thofe  lumps  or  pieces  of  gold,  arc  there 
called  m'.uHlMn  gold,  which  being  melted, 
touch  bt'tter  than  gold  dull  1  but  the  many 
imall  llones  that  ftick  to  them,  caufe  much 
lofs  in  melting. 

Falsifying  o/ Gold. 

ick?  ii-  IJAving  fpoke  of  the  two  forts  of  natural 
(//<(/.      X  *  goij^  J  jjn^  ^gjjf  ^^  j^j^. J  jjf  ji^g  fcveral 

forts  of  bafe  and  counterfeit  gold,  fo  com- 
monly met  with  in  trading  on  that  coaft  ; 
the  Eiach  in  general  being  crafty,  knavifh 
and  deceitful,  and  letting  flip  no  oppor- 
tunity of  cheating  an  European  ■,    or  one 


4.1  Ul 


hi  graifit 


another,  rather  than  tail.  A  Man  of  inte- 
grity, that  may  be  depended  on,  is  among 
ihcm  as  rare  as  the  I'bivnix ;  lo  that  it  is 
not  to  b.'  admir'd  th.it  they  daily  oiler 
great  <|uantities  of  bale  and  counterfeit 
gold,  in  trading  with  the  l:iiropiitn>,  having 
attain'il  the.irt  of  fophilUcating  it,  which 
was  firit  taught  them  by  the  Purti gtifj\ 
when,  after  having  betn  lor  a  whole  century 
in  polUllion  oi'  all  the  trad^  on  the  Gdd 
C'-ujI,  they  fouiul  the  Dcih/j,  Eii^lijb  and 
Bulb  putting  in  to  .1  lliare  with  them,  and 
thought  there  rotild  be  no  better  way  to 
dillour.ige  them,  than  by  teaching  the  Bth  ks 
to  ilibafe  and  falfily  their  gold,  they  were 
to  furnilh  the  new  intruders  with  by  way  of 
trade.  The  DutJj  alio,  wh.n  they  jud 
driven  the  I'orliigtii;'?  from  their  latliintiiis''''"w* 
on  the  eoalls,  as  has  b.en  already  mcnti  in'd,  '^"'  ""'<'' 
praCtiliil  the  f.ime  methods  the  J'oiiiijrurj'c 
had  before  contriv'd,  to  put  their  otiier 
Ei.rr.praii  rivah  by  this  trade  ;  not  only  cn- 
'ouraging  ami  iiilli  tiding  the  natives  in  the 
way  ot'  lophillicating  the  gold,  butfuiiiilh- 
ing  them  with  the  jiioper  tools  .ind  metals 
for  the  doing  of  it  the  more  mallei  ly  j  ami 
to  tlu't  purpofc  tiled  formerly  to  lill  the 
BLi~!:>  long  br.ifs  pins,  and  filver  melted  in- 
to liiile  bars  ;'.nd  vviie,  which  in  time  proved 
as  mifchievous  to  themlelves,  as  to  other 
Eioofca'.-s  i  the  llLicks  being  grown  fo  expert 
and  Ikilful  -n  I'.illifying  gold,  and  doing  it 
io  many  ditlerent  ways,  that  they  are  as 
often  clieated  themlelves  as  any  others :  fo 
that  it  may  very  well  be  faid,  the  Bla.ki 
have  learnt  to  cheat  the  cheater. 

The  dexterity  of  the  BLuks  in  fophiftica- 
ting  their  gold  being  fcarce  imaginable,  and 
ih.it  metal  being  one  of  the  prineipal  returns 
Ewojfiin;  can  have  for  their  goods  on  the 
Gil. I  Co  ijl  ;  I  hope  I  fliall  not  be  thought 
tedious  if  I  am  fomcwhat  particular  on  this 
head  i  my  defign  being  no  other  than  to 
inform  .ill  that  lliall  herealter  have occ.ilion 
to  trade  in  thole  parts,  how  they  may  a- 
\oid  l)eing  impofeil  upon,  and  know  the 
counterfeit  gold  from  the  true. 

The  lirft  fort  of  lalfe  gold  is  mix'd  with  r,,;/,,,.- 
filver,  or  cop(x;r,  and  call  into  fundry  iKipis fM,i^iU. 
and  fizes,  which  fome  there  call  l\'t:j'i.,  tx,^- 
nifying   in  Portugal  U  charms,  becaufe  that 
nation    gave  the  laid  name  to  wlv.tfoevcr 
belonged  to  the  fuperftitions  of  the  B.acki. 
You   may  fee  them  reprefentcd  in  the  cut.  Piate;. 
Thefe  are  generally  Ibme  foitsof  toys  com- 
monly ufeil  there   by  the  women  tor  orna- 
nu'nt,asalfo  by  young  men.and  worn  in  their 
hair,  or  by  way  of  necklaces  and  br.icclcts. 

Thefe  pieces  of  gold   are  by  the  Blacks 
cut  into   fmall  bits  worth  one,   two,   or ceUef lit- 
three  farthings,  ufedas  coined  money  in  the'''^*'"- 
markets,  to  buy  provifions,  as  bread,  fi"uit, 
filh,  flefli,  tff.    The  Black  women  are  to 
well  acquainted  with  the  value  0^"  thofe  bits, 

which 


BookIII .Ichap.  17-        Coafts  0/ South-Guinea. 


231 


»  of  inte- 
is  aniDng 
chat  it  u 
aily  oli'cr 
uiinterltic 
J,  I  laving 
it,  wiiich 
^urt,  guffe. 
If  century 
the  Gold 
ntlijh  and 
ilicm,  and 
r  way  to 
;thefl//,h 
tluy  were 
l>y  way  of 
tliey  had 
.itkrntius ''''""  Wt 

lii-ir  other 
)t  only  cn- 
.ivts  in  the 
ut  furnilh- 
aml  metals 
crly  I  and 
;o  li.ll  the 
meltevlin- 
iiie  proved 
s  to  01  her 
1  fo  ex  I  ere 
d  doing  it 
ley  are  as 
Jthcr-. :  fu 
Che  BU.h 

fopliiftie-a. 
ible,  and 

returns 

on  the 
thought 

on  this 

than  to 
occafion 

may  a- 
iiow  the 


«f('" 


ix'd  with  r„ni„,^ 
Ihajn-S/ij^^iU 


'■>■ 

ule  that 
i..tfo':ver 
B.aih. 
the  cut.FuTi:- 
lys  com- 
for  orna- 
•n  in  their 
ratclets. 
le  hlach 
two,   orcclJiflit- 
ey  in  the'''"'"' 
.1,  fruit, 
n  are  fo 
lofe  bits, 
which 


v;hich  they  call  Kiik^raiij,  or  Krahias,  a 
word  fignifying  a  very  lutlc  value,  that  tiicy 
are  never  miltai^en,  .ind  tell  them  to  one 
another  without  weighing,  as  we  do  farth- 
ings or  half-pence  in  kn^uiii,!.  And  thislbrr 
of  money  is  more  generally  (bunil  at  Cotii- 
tncnilo,  Miiiii,  cape  Corfi,  and  the  adjacent 
parts,  than  elfewhere.  Thofe  ^V.i^r.dij  are 
indeed  worth  very  little,  for  that  gold  in  any 
part  of  Europe,  will  not  yield  above  forty 
Ihiliings  an  ounce  •,  r.nd  yet  it  [)alTes  current 
ail  over  the  coall,  ai.d  the  European  garri- 
fons  are  paid  their  lubfiilcnce  in  it,  and  can 
with  it  buy  all  lorts  ot  eatables  of  theflA/i  ki, 
wlio  mix  It  with  otlier  (jold,  and  carry  it  a- 
g.iin  to  tlie  Ewoi'cun  torts  and  tliips. 
.  ,h'it  Wiiat  is  ihu-.  puiciiafed  at  the  lorts  on  the 
'"  ;(/  coall,  as  foon  as  received,  is  Ijy  the  clerks 
|)ic!<cd  out  from  among  the  other  better 
irold,  with  which  it  lias  lietii  mixed  by  ihc 
tiihki ;  fo  thit  very  mucli  of  it  palfes  llicrc 
biekwariis  and  to:  wari!.^,  from  the  Bltiiks  to 
the /.''<i(.'£'j,  aiv.l  tiom  tii'.m  again  lo  the 
Backs,  witliDUt  liiminution;  but  the  other 
p.irr,  wiiich  tl<e  BL:cks  trade  witli  aboard 
ilie  tliipb,  !■  lilom  or  never  returns  to  cliem, 
but  is  carried  away  into  Eico/e,  by  tlie 
Jreii'b,  Ei!^':Jl.\  D in'tj'b,  Poiln^ncjl-,  Bran- 
tlinlnir^i^,  wnd  Dhtih  interloiiers  i  .■.ii-l  that  is 
no  inconfidcral>le  (quantity.  Bur  tiie  B'.iuki 
continually  making  ihele  Kr.iki.iii.^,  taller 
than  they  arc  cxportetl,  this  falle  golil  is 
like  to  be  Ibund  tiiere  as  long  as  the  trade 
to  the  coall  (ball  endure. 

The  fecond  fort  of  falle  or  counterfeit 
gold,  is  that  of  the  mountains  counteilei.ed, 
by  which  levera!  unexperienceil  traders  are 
trequently  deceivec  Some  pieces  of  moun- 
tain gold  are  fb  .utili.iilly  imitated  by  the 
Blacki,  that  all  the  outfide  to  tlie  thicknels 
of  an  lialf-crown  is  all  fine  p;old,  and  the 
infiile  filled  up  witli  copp.r,  jr  iron,  which 
is  a  new  cheat  ot  theirs.  'I'lu-  common 
mountain  gold,  i^  a  mixture  c.f  lilver,  cop- 
per, and  tome  gold,  very  liij^h  coloured, 
which  helps  the  cheat;  el"jx;cially  when  a 
pound  or  two  is  to  be  received  togetiur,  in 
which  there  are  many  pieces,  ami  every  one 
of  them  cannot  well  be  touched  by  it  felt, 
and  the  appearance  being  lb  fair,  it  paires  un- 
l'ufix.'6led. 

The  third  fort  of  falle  gold,  grown  pretty 
common  among  the  Hhicks,  is  a  compofition 
they  make  of  a  certain  powder  of  coral, 
which  they  call  and  tinge  lo  artificially,  that 
it  is  impoirible  to  diftinguilh  it  any  way  but 
by  the  weight. 

Of  this  powder  the  Blinks  make  gold  duftj 
but  more  of  the  filings  of  copper  pins,  or 
wire,  to  which  they  give  a  very  good  tinc- 
ture :  but  all  that  falfe  tinged  gold,  lofes  its 
luftre  in  a  month  cr  two,  and  then  begins 
to  appear  falle  -,  which  cannot  happen  in 
thofe  pieces  that  are  cafed  with  gold,  for 


they  continue  as  wlicn  firfl  rfceivcd,  tho' Bahhot. 
ever  fo  long  kept,  without  any  alteration,  *'^V^' 
and  therefore  the  cheat  is  the  more  mil- 
ch ievous. 


inJfnt 


•iJ. 


H 


Z-srifirr 


Ifnzu  to  (lifiO'Jcr  fd'.fe  Go  i.  d. 
A  V  I  N  (1  lliov-n  the  difeafe,  it  will  be 
proper  to  prel'cribe  the  proper  remetlyi 
that  is,  how  to  dilcover  this  counterfeit 
gold,  cfpccially  it  olleied  at  night  or  in  the 
morning. 

l''irll,  as  for  the  large  lumps,  or  pieces  f-" A* 
of  gold,  they  bring  artifieidly  quite  c.ded '""'""'■ 
with  fine  gold,  tho'  within  there  is  nothing 
but  call  copper  or  iron,  the  touch-llone  is 
ot  no  ule  to  dilcover  the  che.u,  and  there- 
lore  every  piece  mull  be  cut  clear  tlirough 
withachizzle  and  hammer  made  for  that 
purpole,  knives  being  too  weak  to  do  it  fo 
Ipeedilyi  and  thus  yiAi  will  difcovei  whe- 
ther there  is  any  ''heat. 

As  lor  tlie  fm.dl  pieces  of  moantain  gold, '•f'"' A'""'' 
lay  them  on  a  haril  llore  .ind  beat  them 
with  a  hammer  1  if  they  arc  made  ot  coral, 
they  will  moulder  aw.iy  into  dull  \  but  it' 
tliey  fliould  lland  the  beating;,  you  may 
atterwarils  try  them  with  a  knite. 

To  try  the  till allell  bits  and  gold-dull,  r'^"  ''•"''•'• 
which  the  Binds  i.oiiinionIy  call  Ch.c.i  Eettt, 
that  is,  E.lii  gold,  ti^e  v.ord  Cluii  fignify- 
ing  gold  -,  put  it  into  a  c(;p[Kr,  or  tin  bilon, 
aiivl  winnow  it,  letting  it  run  through  your 
fingers  and  blowing  fiard:  and  thus  all  the 
falle  gold  will  tly  away,  and  the  true  remain 
in  the  baton  ;  and  this  l^eing  npeatvd  feveral 
times,  nothing  will  at  lalL  be  left  but  the 
pure  gold. 

The  gold  diifl  may   alio  be  tried  mihThefcHrtU. 
aqua-fortis,  which  dileovers  the  filte   by  c- 
bullition,  or  bubbling  up  •,  and  ifthcrjbea 
mixture  of  falfe,  by  turning  black  :  but  tliis 
tryal  is  not  lb  tfletftual  as  that  before  pre- 
fcribed.      For   ex.mple,    if  you   take   an 
ounce    of  luch  gold,  v.hereof  .i  fixth,   fe- 
venih,  or  eighth  part  is  l.'dle,  and  put  it  in- 
to a   glals,  or  earthen  vellel,  pouing  the 
a(]ua  fortis  upon  it,  the  laid  aqua-tbrtis  will 
have  the  fame  i  tied,  tho'  in  a  lets  degree, 
as  if  the  wliole  parcel  were    falfe,   which 
renders  the  proof  very  uncertain.     Bolides 
that  this  fort  of  tryal  is  too  tedious,  as  well 
as  prejuilicial  to  the  trade,  becaufe  it  is  not 
rcalonable  to  refule  the  good  gold,  on  ac- 
count of  a  fixtli,    an  eighth,    or   a   tench 
part  that  is  falle,  efpccially  when  the  trade 
is  dull,  either  tor   Want  of  dealers,  or  by 
reafon  of  many  fhi()s  lying  at  once  on  the 
coaft.     In  thcle  cafes,  fiich  nicenefs  cannot 
be  ai.'owed  of.     Befides,    the   Blacks    who 
have  good  gold  will  fcarce  fufler  it  to  be 
fo  tried  by  aqua-fortis,  becaufe  of  the  trou- 
ble of  drying  it  again  ;  which  is  alio  tedi- 
ous, unlefs  done  by  holding  the  bafon  o- 
ver  a  charcoal  fire. 


i 


ill 

m 


,„,!(  it..     . 


Wu 


■  ll  J , 


v/ 


1 1 


232 


y^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  HI. 


li,«!!noT      It  is  the  put  of  nn  umlrrftundinR  f.idlor, 
^^V^  after  tryal  tlius  inaiii',  to  make  a  tnif  jiiiln- 
me nt  ot  the  value  ot  golil  iliill  lb  mixeil, 
from  a   fixth  to  .\'\  cit;hth,    or  a  tenth  of 
falfe,    in  proooitioii    to  the   vahie    ol  the 
[Hire  goKl,    lor  expeiiition  ii>  bufinefs,  or 
eife  it  woiilii  be  cnJlefs.     All  thole  who  are 
of  oi>inion,  that  the  tryal  by  aqua-fortis  is 
bfrt,  may  remember  it  is  a  proverb,  that 
there  IS  no  gold  without  ilrofs  v  and  there- 
fore it  will  be  belter  for  them    to  follow 
the  method  ot  winnowing  gold-dull   in    a 
copper  balon,  as  has  been  laid  above,  and 
to  leave  the  tryal  by  aqua-fortis. 
Iht  fifth.       Some  people  try  the  Kr.ikra  gold  by  the 
tourh-ftone,  tpreadiiig  a  parcel  of  it  thinly 
on  a  liiiali  piece  of  hard  wood,  and  rubbing 
it  over  with  the  iloiic  ;  and   by  the  diffe- 
rent colours  Icfi  on  it,  an  expert  man  may 
jiretiy  well  guefs  at  the  quantity  and  value 
ot  the  gold,  by  the  rule  of  proportion:  but 
the  molt  certain  method  as  to  Kr.ikra  gold 
by  i;lcir.  JH  10  obferve  what  has  been  laid 
lirfore  (oncerning   it,    that    it   commonly 
yields  not  ibove  the    rate  of  natural  gold, 
and  tlunfore  muff  be  taken  at  that  rate,  or 
returned  a;^ain.     Hut  the  Black  may  be  alio 
(iefired  to  pick  it  himfelf,   and  feparate  the 
baler  Krukra  fi  oni  the  beff,  becauli?  they  arc 
not  all  of  the  fame  equal  value  i    but  ac- 
cording as    the  toys  they  were  cut  from, 
had  more  err  Id's  mixture  of  filver,  or  cop- 
per.    The  Blacks,  who  generally  know  the 
difference  by   fight  only,    will  pick  them 
very  nicely,  and  in  a  very  fliort  time. 
7ht  fixih.       Another  method  to  prevent  being  cheated 
in  gold,efpccially  on  ffiipboard,  tho'not  al- 
together to  be  depended   on,  but  only  in 
gencr.d,  is  nicely  to  obferve  the  behaviour 
of  the  Blacks,  which  I  have  done  mylelf  i 
(or  generally  a  cheat,  who  knows  his  gold 
is  falfe  and  counterleit,  is  very  impatient, 
uneafy  and  in  haffe  to  be  gone,  under  lome 
colour  or  other,  befides  he  commonly  bids 
a  higher   price  than  ufual   for  goods,   and 
takes  them  in  a  hurry  without  much  exa- 
minati')ni  and  if  not  found  out,  will  pad- 
dle away  to  ffiore  with  the  goods,  as  faft 
as  his  canoe  can  carry  him.     Nay,  I  have 
obferv'd  fome  of  them  to  ftand  trembling 
and  quaking,   whilft  their  gold  was  upon 
tryal ;  and  fuch  their  behaviour  is  a  fufii- 
cient    indication   to  fufpeft    fome   fraud, 
efpccially  when  there  is   a  croud  of  dea- 
lers, for  then  th'^y  expeft  to  find  the  bet- 
ter opportunity  of  impofing  on  the  purcha- 
fers,  and  then  the  European  faftor  ought 
to  be  niceft  in  examining  every  parcel  of 
gold.    When  I  met  with  any  fuch  knaves, 
and  had  difcover'd  the  cheat  by  tryal,  I 
always  ufed   them  very  roughly,    even  to 
cocking  of  an    unloaded  piftol    at    their 
bread,    or  elfe   threatned  to  throw  their 
fdk  gold  over  board,  which  deterr'd  many 


of  them  from  offering  the  like  to  me  a- 
gain.  On  the  other  hand,  a  Black  who 
knows  hit  gold  is  \n.\re  and  fine,  appears 
.ilw.iys  calm,  (lands  hard  about  the  price 
of  goods,  and  is  curious  in  examining  r- 
very  piece,  whether  it  is  truly  good  in  lu 
fort. 

There  is  another  furc  way  to  try  gold,  iw  /, 
which  may  be  u(cd  by  merchants  and  is*«»'* 
very  plain,  by  twenty  four  artificial  needles, 
made  with  alloy  of  metals  from  the  lowed 
fort  of  gold  to  the  fineff  of  twenty  four 
carats  line,  having  exad  rules  tor  valuing 
of  it,  accoriling  to  the  degrees  of  fincnefs 
or  coarfenefs. 

I  will  farther  add  this  advice  to  all  fea-'^^'f'n 
faring  mm,  trading  on  that  coart  aboard'"'"/ 
ffiips,  that  when  they  fee  many  Bl.icki  come 
abo.ird  togeiher,  to  trade  with  gold,  they 
admit  but  two  or  three  at  nioff,  into  the 
great  c.ib!)in,or  any  other  part  of  the  fliip, 
at  one  time,  ami  always  keep  about  them 
tijur  or  five  of  tlu ir  own  nun  to  be  upon 
the  watch,  left  the  BLiiki  embezzle  any 
goods  i  that  lb  they  and  their  goldfmith,  it 
tliere  be  one  aboard,  as  commonly  there  is 
alioard  irench  fliips,  may  hive  leifure  to 
examine  the  nature  of  the  gold:  for  it  is 
connnon  there  tor  one  Black,  molt  of  thofe 
on  the  coaft  being  faftors  or  brokers  for  the 
inland  people,  to  have  twenty  or  more  fe- 
veral  fmall  parcels  of  gold,  wrapt  up  in 
r.igs,  or  in  little  leather  bags,  to  puichalc 
goods  t()i  fo  many  fevcral  perlbnsj  and 
thofe  parcels  muff  be  all  examined  one 
after  another,  which  takes  up  a  long  time  : 
and  if  ihey  admit  of  a  croud  of  Blath  a- 
bout  them,  they  cannot  fo  well  examine  all 
tiieir  ditferent  parcels,  fo  as  to  be  fure  they 
take  none  but  what  is  good.  Befides  that 
the  Blacks,  when  in  a  croud,  are  always 
prating  together. 

Take  heed  of  fuch  as  come  with  rufh  Tkinijt: 
bafkets,  as  I  have  fecn  five  or  fix  of  them  ^'''" 
together,  with  every  one  llich  a  ban<et, 
which  are  generally  defigned  to  conceal 
what  they  can  deal.  So  thofe  who  talk 
much,  and  make  a  noife,  are  to  be  M- 
pefted,  and  it  may  be  obferv'd  they  will 
never  agree  to  any  price  of  goods  ;  for  the 
Blacks  being  generally  inclin'd  to  deal  from 
one  another,  make  much  lefs  fcruple  ol 
robbing  the  Europeans,  alledging  for  their 
excufe,  thiit  the  Europeans  arc  rich  and  they 
poor.  Therefore  they  think  it  a  lefs  crime 
in  themfelves  to  rob  us,  when  an  opportu- 
nity offers,  than  for  an  European  to  deal 
from  them  :  and  in  one  refpeft  they  m.iy 
be  fliid  to  be  in  the  right,  fince  Europeiim 
have  the  law  of  God  for  their  guide,  which 
commands  them  not  to  deal,  which  is  un- 
known to  the  Blacks,  who  have  no  other 
law  but  that  of  nature. 

Another 


Chap.  I?-  Con/If  of  Sovr»-Gv\SF\. 


i?3 


\fl,l„>iU    Another  rult'  I  oblirvcil,  w.u  to  krep  in     ward,    an  dr  as  Manjiou,   in  ft/;/ i   thcBAuiioT. 
luini     tlic  great  cabbin,  whcir  I  uIliI  to  trailc  with     people  oJ  all  the  pl.uc*  lying  between  thole  ^'^V>i' 


the  Bladi,  only  one  finale  pitcc  ol  euh  two,  bcin^  the  moll  lubtil  .irtilh,  .it  f.ilfi 
fort  of  my  uootls  lor  .i  lample  •,  ,uul  when  lying  .uul  loiintaleitini;  this  mci.il,  ;\s  1 
I  lull  llruck  .1  bjrg.iin  with  .i  lil.ul;  I  lint  li.ive  belore  oi)lervcJ  •,  tho'  thi  (V'M  tiiey 
liim  with  my  note  to  the   llorekecpcr,  fpe-    commonly  h.ive  there  is  liroiij^Jit  liom  ,L- 

ertm-i  M\i\  iitu,  wlii,.])  is  of  its  own  nature 


Ti  " 


ktl 


lifying  the  qu.mtity  .mil  iiu.ility  ol  tiiegomls 
111-  hail  contradeil  to  pay  for. 

Another  mcthoil  to  be   ulcil  in  (hips,  n 
feverily  to  punilh  any  lil.uk,  that  has  been 
taken  Uealinj.^  i  lor  tho'   tiie  pin'on  fo  fir 
veil  ilocs    not   pirhaps  miiih  v.iliie   a   lew 
blows  he  may  receive,  yet  il  is  a  great  ilil 


gooil  \  but  fophilliuited   by    the   /Iccawz 
liUuks  thrmlelves. 

I lowevir,  of  all  thofc  places,  the  inha- 
bitants ot  Cvmiiuh,:;,  Miiui,  and  lo  down 
I  he  eoall  to  Miu<rt\  are  th(  griatell  eluats 
loi  bad  j;ol.i,  .\nil  .diove  all,  thole  of  the 
urace  amon^  tliemlilves  not  on  account  ol  above-named  two  plan  s,  who  I'o  mucii  de- 
tlu"  liemoiiliufsol  iheerime  ot  Ifealinji;,  moll  b.ife  it,  that  liimc  is  not  woith  twenty 
of  them  being  ready  e.iough  .md  well  in-  flnllings  m  ounce.  Nay,  (ome  of  thole 
(lined  to  do  the  fame,  when  an  opportu-  knaves  are  (b  impudent  as  to  oOcr  our 
nity  oflers,  but  beciule  he  i-.  I'colV  d  at  by  fial.uiiij.',  men,  bare  lilii'gs  of  copper  for 
his  eoutuiynun  tor  beini^;  fo  unlkiltul  as  to  gold-ilull.  'I'lius  a  I'u-uh  captain  of  aFrcnch 
betaken  in  the  tad.  man  of  war,  called  the  7\^'£»,  was  lerved, '*^'*'" 

I  have  alio  oblervcd,  tli.it  thole   B'(hki     being  lormri  ly  lent  ro  the  coail  as  a  gii.ird-"""' 

II. ip,  ,iiul  biouj^lu  hotnc  about  t\Mnty 
marl;s  nl  that  ll^o^^  inlUail  of  [/.oil  goki: 
which  Ihowii  that  j'uitlrmin  lud  tittle  or 
no  (kill  in  gold  ,  lor  hail  he  but  ohU  rved 


who  had  been  pretty  well  drubb'd  wiili  a 
knotted  rope's  end,  were  aUer'.,'.irv!s  niDre 
tra(;tible  and  better  to  deal  with  i  which 
makes  out  that  they  are  like  I'panii  Is,  that 


the  more  you  beat  them  the  more  they  love    the  bulk   ot   twenty   marks  of  lopper  fi- 


you. 

In  this  manner,  asl  have  faid  abo"  ,  our 
bufmcfs  A-as  done  orderly,  and  lately,  with- 
om  trouble,  or  eonfufion,  and  at  night  I 
entered  all  my  notes,  in  my  book  of  lale, 
and  weighed  all  the  gold  I  had  received  tliar 
day  in  the  lump,  to  fee  whether  it  anfwered     any  of  thole  cheats  were  ib  bold  as  to  offer 


lings,  as  .'II  his  i).ircel  was,  it  would  Ibon 
h.ive  (onvinred  him  how  notorioufly  he 
was  cheated,  it  being  well  ki  own  that 
twiiity  marks  of  I'uch  filings  will  (how 
twice  as  large,  as  the  lame  weight  of  gold, 
thisbting  fo  much  more  ponderous.   When 


the  particulars  for  which  it  was  received, 
and  alio  cauled  it  ','>  be  entered  in  the  fame 
hook  by  iiiy  under-  adlor,  obferving  to  kee[) 
the  laid  gold  in  feparate  boxes,  that  at  my 
return  into  Iraiue  I  might  h.ive  the  judg- 
ment of  the  olTicers  of  the  mint  at  Pnr:i,  or 
ellewherc,  to  know  which  of  the  chief  jil.ices 
of  trade  on  the  Gold  Coiijl  allbrded  the  finell, 
and  which  the  word  gold. 
■rt    ihi    ^^  ^'^''  accordingly    obfcrved  by  the  ol- 
hiflild  ficers  of  the  mint  at  Piiii>,  that  the  (//'"v, 
hill    cape  .'"V. ///lo/owii/ and //.vi//;  gold,  was  from 
twenty  two   to    twenty  three   carats  tine-, 
which  gold  is  commonly   brought  thither 
from  the  countries  ot  ylwiiie  and  Eg^wra. 
That  from  cape  Tres  Pontas  to  Sicumk,  a- 
bout  twenty  two  carats   fine,  being  com- 
monly   carried   to   thole    places,    Egwirn, 
yJiiom,  and  other   ijeighbouring  counrties. 
The  gold  of  /lira,    which  ulually  comes 
from  '■Ttifoe,  i^iuikoe  and  Ibme  other  adjacent 
parts,  w.is  between  twenty  two  carats,   and 
twenty  two  and  a  half    The  Ara  gold  is 
commonly  mixed  with  Ibme  fine  fand,    and 
very  Iniall  gravel,  which  muft  be  blown 


m.  ruth  tilings,  as  I  remember  on."  did,  I 
niadc  no  dilliculty  to  throw  ii  over  board, 
luul  h.id  the  tellow  will  drubbed  with  a 
rope's  I  nd,  in  the  pretence  <ii  liis  crmi  adcs, 
to  ikier  him  .uul  tluni  from  being  lb  ini 
puilent  lor  the  luture. 

T!k-  gold  purchaled  at  Ct'',i.:i:t'ui  anil 
/iianuikii,  tho'  it  alio  comes  from  Ac- 
(iincc  and  lelii.  is  lildom  better  than  at 
the  places  l.dl  mentioned. 

Thiit  of  T,iii:oi:(jiu-ii\  and  liftqii,  farther 
c.ill,    is  llill  worle. 

Fiom  Am  to  J.ny,  (lill  call  ward,  it  is 
alio  pretty  much  adult'  rated,  and  requires 
a  nice  proof  :  for  th"  priucip.il  employ- 
ment ot  the  liluiks  of  Lahba.'ef,  A'jgo  and 
other  places  on  as  far  as  Lay,  being  to 
fell  thiir  cattel  to  the  w^fltrn  ft.V'ii-;  along 
the  coall,  as  tar  w^C.ommcn'.o,  tl.  .y  either  car- 
rying it  iliiflur,  or  the  others  reloning  to 
them  for  it  ;  thefe  /)'/,;((•;  are  otien  paid 
tbr  their  fiid  cattel  in  bad  gold,  .ind  ealily 
impofed  upon  by  the  others,  as  not  to 
well  acquainted  with  that  rich  metal ; 
whence  it  follows,  that  they   reteivc,  and 


away   in  a  balbn,  as  I  have  fliown  above -,     coiitequently  tender  lo  K:.rrij,'aiii,  by  way 
Or  if  they  be  ftoncs,  they  are  to  be   pulled 


out  with   (mail    nippers  fit  for  that  pur- 
pole. 
iihmmtjl    There  is  a  great  alteration  in  the  quality 
!tillU    of  gold  from  about  Saciinde  to  the  caft- 

VOL.    V. 


ot  trade,  much  the  fame  forts  of  bail  gold 
that  are  'iownA  wt  Commcido,  Mia.i  and  o- 
ther  places  adj.icent. 


O  o  o 


Love 


14  !•' 

'(.S'i'J; 


jt^ll 


f 


{:'■  I  ■] 


fiii: 


m 


^ii 


.  ''■;■'■   \ 


Jt  St 


il.|i!li 


f:i 


ill-' 


234 


^  Dejcription  of  the 


Book  ml  Chap,  i 


wf'''/v'{T  X  ^'"'"'f^  "Of  proccetl  to  fp-ak  of  the  pro- 
TnrJiil'ci.      l""-'f  goltl   weights,    but  nuifl:  firit  oh 


l;Aitl'.or. 

S.X\'»         1,0  V  E    rt)/(f  E  S  T  E  E  M    r/  Got.  D. 

*Wf/v   t.t-    -  . 

ixfuuuct.      Fr  S"'*^ 

f^-i  vc  as  to  tlie  golil  itk  If,  that  the  Blocks 
in  fonncr  times,  as  appears  by  the  accounts 
of  I  hi'  moft  rational  pi-rfons  among  them, 
h.ul  rotliing  near  lo  yrcat  a  value  for  it  as 
thiy  have  now.  The  grealinels  the  Por- 
tii^Ui-fe  fliov.eci  for  it,  whiill  tiny  were  tiie 
foTe  traders  on    that  coaft,    for    above  an 


The  ounce  troy  weight  is  divided  intoJ<i*<i..i 
fixtecn  /fiixels,  or  ylliyu  four  of  wliich  niai<e/'"' ' 
a  Peji) ;  and  an  /iiigel  or  Akye  is  again 
divided  into  twelve  "Taccoei.  A  Damba  js 
two  Taccoes,  the  Divibn  being  a  little  red 
berry,  with  black  fpots.  The  Taccoes  are 
little  pcafe,  black  on  the  one  fide,  and 
n  '  on  tlie  other. 

About  Mina,  the  DnMba  is   reckoned  a '*'•<»"  V  | 
two  penny-weight,  anil  twenty  four  of  them  "'i'' 
make  an  ///;^(/,  or  ylk\r.  The  Taccoe  is  (bur 


hundred  years  together,  as  I  have  before     penny  weight  there,  being  white  beans  with 


obfcrved  •,  and  the  fimc  eagcrnefs  for  it 
in  the  ociier  F.wopca)!:.,  wlio  have  fince 
cxpc-lled  tiicm,  by  decrees  brought  the 
natives  to  have  more  elhtm  for  it :  and 
t.'iis  incicafing  from  o:ie  geivra'.ion  to  an- 
och.r  fu:\eirively,  they  iiave  now 
an    opinion     of    its    worth,     that 


lo  great 
their 


C,6rd  an- 
Ivr  nf 
Biaclcs. 


wiii>!e  ftu.ly  in  all  places  on  the  coaft,  is 
eiihtr  to  feik  for  it  in  the  bowels  of  the 
caitli,  or  in  river.--,  or  ro  purciiafe  it  by 
tr.uling,  with  all  tlic  inu.iilry  and  ap-pli,a- 
ticn  imaginahL'  ;  and  many  of  them  aic 
tlii'.s  by  their  laliour  and  craltinefs  grown 
ri>  h,  which  has  fo  railed  their  minds  and 
iIuKight?,  us  i'-  too  Common  to  th-.-  gene- 
rality of  mankind,  that  it  may  be  well 
fiid  of  them,  they  arc  grov.n  proud  and 
haughty  to  cxcefs,  in  comparilon  of  their 
former  fimplieiry  and  meeknclk 

Talking  to  this  purpofe  witli  fome  B-'Hik.., 
and  reproaching  them  for  their  pritle  and 
defire  of  growing  rich  in  gold,  and  for 
unth  I  valuing  our  goods  as  they  did,  as 
fcarce  bidding  the  full  coft,  witlioui  con- 
fi.lering  the  hazards  and  expenccs  we  were 
at  in  bringing  them  from  fucii  remrue 
parts  ot  the  world  j  they  very  pertinently 
anfwered,  Tiiat  cnnfideriiig  the  gftat 
e.-.gerni.  !s  the  l'tvi,;ciini  had  aK\.;ys  fliinvn 


black  fpots,  or  all  black.  There  are  fome 
of  them  that  rife  to  ten  penny  weight, 
and  others  to  twenty  ;  but  thofe  larcre 
beans  are  not  looked  upon  as  lure  weights, 
and  only  ufed  at  plealure,  or  for  fraud. 

Again,  in  the  l.inguage  of  the  Blacks, 
an  /ijfinvn  is  five  Aik\cs  ;  a  Sirozv  three 
yl:k\ts\  an  Ei;if,iyo  two  Ackycs:  a  iiifcnitu 
an  Ackyc  and  an  half,  or  eighteen  Taccoes; 
an  .ii:i\ragit(r  is  one  .-Lk-je ;  a  Medr.i- 
tt!l'la  is  fix  Tacccrs. 

Weighing  gold  by  the  finall  weights  ofsim 
the  Biucks  abcvc  mentioned  in  levtrai  par-''''i'« 
eels,  to  make  up   four  B:i:,Li<,  or  a  mark 
troy  weight,  there  will  fall  ftiort  alnioft  an 
ounce  ot  the  due  weight  of  a  mark. 

The  inh.ibitants  ot'  .■fcia,  cominonly 
make  ufe  of  iv-o  forrs  ol  weights  for  goKI, 7,,  ,,,. 
the  one  larger  than  the  other,  and  yet  each  «/ir«i»;,.  I 
cr  them  pmpi  rtionably  divided,  fo  that 
each  contains  fixi.een  Angels  or  Ark\cs ;  and 
in  trading  tlxy  make  their  bargain  lo  pay 
in  gold  by  tilt  greater  or  lefl"er  weight,  and 
value  the  goods  accordingly. 

There  the  greater  Brr/ia  is  two  ounces prtt.-f. 
and  eight  /lk\,ei  of   the  fmali  weight,  and 'i«'i 
tkit  B  It  ill  they  <all  Tn,  which  is  worth  in 
gold  about  a    luindred   and  twenty  FicriLb 
livies.     The  h.df  Bauli    is  called  Offuar- 


in  fetching  gold  from    thofc  parts   of  the     l.'itiii,  which  is   twenty  Ackya,  ofthelmall 


■it'.iritt 


world,  they  wtre  apt  to  believe  it  was 
their  principal  tleity,  and  that  our  country 
muft  be  very  jioor,  finrc  we  left  it,  tx- 
p.ifing  ourfelves  to  fo  many  perils  and  la- 
ttgiR-;  to  fetch  it  from  among  them,  at  fo 
great  a  diltance. 

Gold  Weight  s. 

'TP  H  K  proper  weights  ufed  there  for 
gold,  in  trading  with  tlie  Blacks.,  or 
among  F.uropeans,  are  either  pounds, 
marks,  ounces,  or  angels,  fixtecn  of  thefe 
to  an  ounce-,  but  the  Blacks  do  not 
weigh  their  gold  by  pounds,  or  marks, 
but  commonly  by  tlie  Benda,  which  is  two 
ounces,  and  thus  they  weigh  one,  two,  or 
more  BeiuJas  fucceffively,  four  Bendas  being 
a  mark  ;  each  of  them,  as  has  been  faiil, 
two  ounces  troy  weight  -,  Affa  is  an  ounce, 


weight.  Ten  Aii^'cls  or  Aikyes,  arc  called 
O£iui):oii ;  five  Ack)es,  Offeroii ;  four  Ac- 
kys,  txycklhti ;  three  Ac*:yci,  Sauna  ;  two 
Ackys,  Jan,;k  1 ;  and  one  Ackxe,  Metabbc, 
or  Aff'dral.ibba. 

All  the  weights  tlic  Bl.icb  ufe  on  the(r«^;.;j 
coall,  among  themfelves  in  trade,  are  ei- li"* nj*', 
thcr  made  of  cojiper,  or  tin  ;  which  thry 
caft  in  fand  moulds,  ami  file,  which  they 
divide  in  a  manner  quite  dill'erent  from 
ours ;  but  being  reduced,  they  are  brought 
to  agree  exaftly  with  them.  It  is  only  up 
the  inland  country,  that  they  ufe  great 
weights  of  a  yellow  fort  of  wood. 

Long  Measure. 

TT  H  E    meafure    the     Blacks  have  fjr 
doth,  linen,  or  any  wove  ftulls  is  cal- 
led  Jeilam,    bring  about   nine  foot   long, 


and  E^geha  lialf  an  ounce:  fo  thofe  weights    In  fome  parts  of  Guiiiea  the  'J, clam  is  nc 
are  called  by  almoft  all  the  Blacks  of  the     koned  twelve  loot,  or  two  fathom,  which 


Geld  Cocijt. 


they  cut  in  the  middle,  and  lb 


they  fell 
their 


com  pure 


JookUiIchAp.  i8.        Cm// «/ South-Guinea. 


i?? 


ided  intoJii*«-,i 
iich  make>"' 

is  again 
Bairwa  is 

little  red 
accoes  are 
fide,  and 

:ckoned  a  Nj"'  '.f 
irofthcm"'^'' 
coe  is  tour 
jeans  witli 
:  are  Ibme 
i   weight, 
ofe    large 
c  weights, 
r  frainl. 
:hc  Blach, 
>-ow  tiirec 
a  >^,vfl;/tiv 
n  Taccoti ; 

weights  of  sift 
;v(ral  par-'^'i"'- 
Dr  a  mark 
almoft  an 
ark. 

commonly 
sfor  goKi,T„,;,,: 
id  yet  each »/ »<V;r,.  I 
d,  lb  that 
khcs  -,  and 
;ain  to  pay 
'eight,  and 

wo  ounces  prd,-.. 
ight,  anil 'I"'- 
s  worth  in 
ty  Ircnib 

,1  Offuar- 
if  tilt  Imail 
are  called 

iour  Ac- 
lira  ;  two 

Metabbcy 

|fe  on  the  fTi/jbi 
are  ei- '•'*'" '"'' 
fhich  they 
liiv-'h  they 
;nt  from 
|c  brought 
only  up 
ife  great 


lliave  for 
Ill's  is  cal- 
lot  long, 
Lw/  is  nc- 
li,  which 
Jihcy  Itll 
their 


their  linen  to  one  another.  Thofe  two  fa- 
thoms the  Dutch,  upon  examination,  make 
their  Stork  wmS  three  quarters.  In  woollen 
they  meafure  none  hut  pieces  about  a  hand- 
ful broad,  which  they  cut  out  To,  and  life 
them  for  girdles  to  tie  about  them  ;  and 
fell  among  thL-mfelves,  and  have  no  other 
tncaliire  of  that  kind,  calling  it  Paw,  which 
is  three  quarters  of  a  yard  EngliJJj. 

The  flaves  are  generally  fet  at  fuch  a 
price,  as  arc  all  Euro/ran  goods ;  then  they 
compute  lb  much  gold  for  i  (lave,  or  lo 
much  golil  for  goods,  and  lb  ballance  ac- 
counts. Buiof  this!  Ihal!  fpeak  m  another 
place,  as  alio  of  their  way  of  reckoning, 
or  counting;  ibr  there  is  not  one  that  can 
write  or  read,  not  even  their  very  prieds. 

F.vuoiTAN  Fraud. 

I  Shall  conclude  this  long  difcourfeofgold, 
with  an  obfervation  I  often  made  there -, 
whicii  is,  thai  many /£/^>''/'c.-;;,'.', who  lb  loudly 
exclaim  agiiiill:  the  p'riidioufnefs,  and  de- 
ceitful nature  ot  the  Blacks,   in  oliering  fdfe 


gold  in  trade,  never  confider,  that  on  theBARBoT. 
other  hand  they  are  themfelves  guilty  of  a  '^V^' 
notorious  cheat  and  fraud,  in  ufing  two  forts 
of  v;eights  there,  the  heavier  to  receive 
gold  by,  and  the  lighter  to  pay  it  away 
again  ;  which  is  frequently  pradtifed  by  too 
many,  and  is  a  great  dilhonour  to  chri- 
ftianity,  being  contrary  to  the  golden  rule. 
To  do  as  wc  ifould  he  done  by.  Such  bafe 
dealing  rather  ferves  to  confirm  thofe  pagans 
in  their  ill  principles,  inftead  of  endeavour- 
ing to  convert  them.  But  felf-intereft  and 
covetoufnefs,  which  is  called  the  root  of 
all  evil,  are  vices  too  common  to  all  the 
corrupt  raceofm.inkind,  cither  chriftiansor 
pagans.  But  chrilfians  ought  to  remember 
the  words  of  St.  P^nil,  to  the  Roman  chri- 
(tians  in  his  days,  on  the  like  occafion  : 
chap.  ii.  V.  24.  that  for  their  cv.l  praiiices 
the  name  of  Cd  is  hlafpbcmcd  among  the 
Gcnliles.  And  X.\\\t  double li-eigh'^  and  double 
meafun's  arc  an  nhominaiion  t'j  God.  Levit. 


XIX.  36.  anil  I'rov.  xi.  1. 


CHAP.     XVIII. 

Stature,  features,  &c.  of  the  Black  men  ;  their  nature  and  qualities,  their  kabit. 
Black  ^i'OW(?«,  their  features,  iScc.  their  habit.  Marriages,,  births,  education, 
names,  circumd/ion ;  punishment  of  adultery  up  the  inland  country. 


Stature,  FEATrRF.s,t,'(r.o/BLACK  Mex. 

Til  F.  Black',    in   this  part  of  G:(inea, 
are  gcnerady  well  limb'd  and  propor- 
tioned, being  neither  of  the  highcft  norofihc 
lowefl  fijx    and  flaturc  v    they  have   good 
oval  faces,  fparkling  eyes,    fmall  ears,  and 
their    eyebrows    lofty   and  thick.      Their 
mouths  not  too  1  iige  -,  curious  clean,  white 
and  well-ranged  teeth,  frclh  red  lips,  not  lb 
thick  and  hanging  down  as  thofe  ol  Angola, 
nor  their  nol'cs  fo  broad.     l''or  th  •  moll  part 
they  have  long  curled  hair,  fomctimes  reach- 
ing down  to  their  ffioulders,  and  not  lb  very 
coarfe  as  theirs  at  Angol.i  1  and  very  little 
beards  before  they  are  thirty  years  of  age. 
The  elderly  men  wear  their  beards  pretty 
long.  They  arecommonly  broad-fliculder'd, 
and  have  large  arms,    thick   hands,    long 
fing.rs,  as  are  their  nails,  and  hooked,  fmall 
bellies,  long   legs,  broad  large    feet,  with 
long  toes;  llrong  waifls,  and  very  little  hair 
about   their  bodies.     Their  fkin,  tho'    but 
indifferent  black,  is  always  fleck  and  fmooth. 
(>ni6.    Their  ftomach  is  naturally  hot,  capable  of 
('.*"•     digefti.ii^  the  hardeft  meat,  and  even  the 
rawent.vils  of  fowls,  wh'ch  many  of  them 
will  eat  very  greedily.      I'liey   take  parti- 
cular care  to  wafli  their  whole  bodies  morn- 
ing and  jvening;    and  anoint  them  all  over 
with  palm-oil, which  they  reckon  wholelbme, 
and  that  it  prelerves   them   from    vermin, 
whicli  they   arc  naturally  apt    to  breed. 


Bi  aking  of  wind  either  upwards  or  down- 
wards, is  very  loathfome  to  them.  In  Ibort, 
they  are  for  the  moil  part  well-fet,  hand- 
lome  men  in  outward  appearance  ;  but  in- 
wardly very  vicious. 

Their  Nature  and  Ql'amties. 
A   S  for  their  natural  parts,  they  are  forf«,^  ,„^ 
the  moil  p,ih,    men  of  fenfe  and  wi'wmitnitui. 
enough  ;  cf  a  lliaip  ready  apprehenfion,  and 
an   excellent  memory,  beyond  wliat  is  eafy 
to  imagine  ;  for,  tliough   they  can  neither 
read  nor  write,  they  are  always  regular  in 
the  greatell  hurry   of  bufinefs,  and  trade, 
and  feldom   in   conlufion.       On   the  other 
hand,  they  are  extremely  flotliful  .ind  idle, 
to  fui  h  a  tiegrce,  that  nothing  but  the  iit- 
moil    necilTity  qxw    prevail  with  them  to 
take  pains;    very  little  concerned  in  mif- 
fortunes,  fo  that  it  is  hard  to  perceive  any 
change   in  them  either  in  prolperity  or  ad- 
vcrfity,  which  among  Europeans  is  reckoned 
magnanimity,    but  among  them  fome  will 
have  it  to  pais  for  ftupidity. 

To  inllan.e  in  this  particulir,  wlien  they /„y>„/;i;, ^^ 
have  o'nained  a  viclory  over  th^ir  enemies,  niitfr/iiy. 
tht  y  return  home  danJng  and  lliipping,  and 
if  they  have  been  be.uen,  and  totally  routed, 
thry  Hill  dance,  feaft  and  make  merry. 
The  moll  they  do  in  the  greatell  adverfity, 
is  to  Ihave  their  heads,  and  make  fome  al- 
teration in  their  garments ;  but  rtill  they  are 

ready 


>fl 


\\ 


'  m  •■ 


u 


23^ 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  III 


lO'sF^^r'll' 


Barbot.  ready  to  fcafl  about  graves,  and  fliould  they        They  make  no  great  account  of  breaking 
'"O^"^^  fee  tlieir  country  in  a  flame,  ic  would  not     their  contrails  with  the  Europeans,  upon  any 


diftui'b  tlieir  dancing,  fmging,  and  drinking; 
lb  that  it  may  well  be  faid,  according  to 
Tome  authors,  that  they  are  infenfible  to 
grief  iuid  want  i  fing  till  they  die,  and 
dance  into  theii-  graves. 

Tho'  I  have  faid,  they  are  fo  very  cove- 


frivolous  humours,  or  if  they  find  them  not 
to  their  advantage  j  but  feem  to  be  fome- 
what  more   obfervant   among  themfelves. 
In   war  they   are  very  cruel  towards  their- 
enemies,  whofe  blood  they  will  fuck  and  '*'''' 
drink  ;  and  very  fubjed  to  commit  murders. 


tous  and  greedily  inclined  to  heap  up  gold  as  (hall  be  obfervcd  hereafter.     To   finilh 

and  other  wealth-,    yet  after  all   they    let  th  <rtharadter,  they  have  outdone  the  former 

the 'r  hearts  fo  little  upon  it  that  the  greateft  Gentiles,  whom  St.  Prt«/ defcribes,  Kom.  \. 

Jol's  they  c.in  meet  with  is  not  to  be  per-  29,  jo,  31,  and  32;  for  thefe  modern  P/j- 

ceived  by  their  behaviour,  as  never  depriv-  ^.tus  have  not  only,  like  thofe  of  ancient 

ing  them  oi  v.ne  hour's  reft  ;  but  they  fleep  times,  changed  the  glory  of  the  uncorrupted 

wljolly    undifturbed    by    any  melancholy  Gotl,  into  an  image   made  like  birds  and 


thougJits. 

I  have  faid  elfcwhere,  that  the  Blacks  wrt 
all  gciicrally  fubtlc,  deceitful,  andaddided 
to  t!iiLving  ;  to  which  I  muft  add  eovetouf- 
nefs,  flattery,  drunkennefs,  gluti^ny,  envy 
.ind    ielfiilin.fs.      They  conceive  .1  hatred 
agaiiill  one  another  upon  very  llight  occa- 
fions ;    will  quirr  1  for  a  triflL  ;    and   are 
liillful  tofiichan  exctfs  as  isfcarce  credible, 
an.t  confequcntly   much   troubled  with  ve- 
ncroal  diilenipjrs.  They  arebad  paymafters, 
and  wonderful  proud  and  haughty,  as  ap- 
pears in  their  carri.ige  :  for  if  a  man  by  his 
fubtilty  or  induftry  has  raifed  himfelf  fo  as 
to  become  rich,  or  be  in  confiderable  office, 
-      ..  ^  he  never  goes  about  the  ftrcets  without  a 
Have,  who  carries  his  wooden  ftool,  to  reft 
J)im    wherelbevcr    he    makes  a  ftop.     He 
iejiiom  moves  his  head  to  look  at  any  other 
perfon,  uiilefs  it  be  one  above  himfelf,  in 
wealtii  or  place  ;  or  if  he  hai)i)ens  to  fpeak 
to  iiis  inferiors,  it  is  ilone  in  a  lotty,  dif- 
dainful  way  •,  always  excepting  IVbiir  nu  n, 
for   whom  they  leem  to  have  a  particular 
refpcft,  and  efpecially  thofe  who  belong  to 
the   fortrefs,    tinder  whofe  proteftion  they 
live.    Tiiey  will  kidoin  oHer  to  approach, 
much  lefs  to  fpeak  to  any  of  them,  or  to 
the  officers  of  our  ftiips,  when  aftiore,  un- 
lefs  Ixire-headed  •,  but  at  the  fame  time  they 
expedl  to  be  civilly  treateil  by  them,  which 
is  a  fure  way  to  gain  their  atfeftion.     After 
all  that  has  been  faid,    I  cannot    but  own, 
that  if  we  look  at  home,  we  ftiall  find  much 
thefime  folly  among  ourfeives;  ourwealtliy 
men    are  fubjic't  enough   to   dei'pife    thofe 
whom   fortLiiic  has  ke[)t   below  them,     we 
have  our  ill  110  of  pridi;,  vanity  and  envy  ; 
and  fome  Eui-opean  nations,  inftead  of  treat- 
ing rtranger:;  wiUi  refpeCt,  as  thoinHlcuki  do, 
are  proud  of  the  brutality  of  infulting  and 
abufing  them. 

They  will  Itand  boldly  in  a  lye  upon  trivial 
occafions,  and  particularly  in  the  cafe  of 
theft ;  but  make  a  mighty  dilturbance  if  a 
fyhite  man  happens  to  take  any  thing  of 
theirs  i  and  indeed  that  is' no  wonder,  for  it 
is  a  great  rarity  'n  any  part  of  the  world,  to 
find  a  thief  that  will  be  willing  to  confefs 
his  crime. 


rjhi. 


into  an 
four-footed   beafts,     and  creeping   things, 
il'id.  V.  23.  but  even  into  that  of  inanimate 
beings,  as  ftiall  be  (hown  in  another  place. 

Their  youth  are  cxtr.iordinary  vain,  mdvmhy 
ambitious  of  paffing  for  perfoiis  of    great 
birth,  though  fome  of  them    perhaps  but 
flaves  -,  and  are  nice  in  adorning  their  botiiej 
to  the  utmort,  after  their  manner. 

T'Zij'ir  IIauit. 

"y  H  E  habit  and  diefs  of  the  richer  fort 
■'•     of  people,  as  merchants,  faftors,  and^r'TT^' 
others,    is  various ;    and   in  Ibmc  attended '   ' 
with  vanity  and   .itfeftation,  cfpeci.Uly  the 
ornament  of  the  head,    in  which  they  take 
the  greateft  pride  j   .and  it  is  generally  or- 
dered by  tlieir  wives.    Some  wear  very  long 
hair,  curled  and  platted  together,  and  tied 
up  to  the  crown  of  the  head.     Others  turn 
their  hair  into  very  (mall  curls,  fmeareil  with 
]wlm-oil,    and  a   Ibrt  of  dye,  which  tiiey 
order  in  the  (hape  of  a  role,  or  of  a  crown, 
and  adorn  it  with  gold  toys,  or  a  kind  of 
coral,  called  on  the  coaft,  Coiila  tk  Terra, 
which  they  fometimes  value  three  times  be- 
yond the  fineft  gold.     They  will  alio  lit 
themi  oft"  with  another  fbrt  of  blue  coral, 
by  tile  Europetins  called  J^rie,  and  by  the 
Rhhks,  y/aom,\vhich  is  carried  thither  from 
HeniH ;  and  when  any  thing  large,  they  value 
as  much  as  any  gold,    and  will  purchafe  it 
weight  for  weight. 

Others  will  ftiave  all  their  hair,  leaving 
only  one  part  about  an  inch  broad,  and  in 
the  fhipe  of  a  crofs,  or  of  a  half-moon,  or 
in  a  circle,  aiul  fome  in  fevcral  little  rounds. 
They  alio  wear  in  their  hair,  efpeiially  thole 
wiio  plit  in  the  lliapc  of  a  role,  or  a  crown, 
one  or  more  Imall  narrow  (onibs,  of  two, 
three,  or  at  moft  (our  long  ftiarp  tectii,  as 
you  fee  them  reprelenteil  in  the  (  ut  ■,  bi'in^ 
like  a  fork,  without  a  haft  or  harullc,  uliich 
tiiey  thruft  throiijj,h  their  crowns,  orrolesof 
hair,  when  they  an  bit  by  vermin,  and 
they  are  Iddoni  free  from  them  ;  fcrueh 
ing  their  heads  after  this  manner,  without 
ililcompofing  their  crowns,  or  rofes,  which 
require  much  time  to  make  up. 

Many 


PllIE  II. 


Book  III 

breaking 
upon  any 
them  not 
be  fomc- 
emfelves. 
irds  their  p^ . 
fuck  and      '' 
murders, 
ro   finifli 
he  former 
,  Rom.  ^. 
jdern  Pa- 
)f  ancient 
corrupted 
birds  and 
g   things, 
inanimate 
er  place, 
vain,  andi'Muj, 
ot    great 
rhaps  but 
K'ir  bodio 


tm\ 


richer  fort„ 

,,  J  Onumn: 

ftors,  and,r,i,,^^ 
e  attended ' 
;cialiy  the 
they  taiij 
lerally  or- 

vcry  long 
r,  and  tied 
)thcrs  turn 
icared  with 

hich  they 
if  a  crown, 

I  kind  of 

tie  Tirra, 

times  be- 

1  alfo  fct 

luc  coral, 

nd  by  the 

litiicr  from 

they  value 

purch.ife  it 


m 


lu\ 


leaving 
,  and  in 


fmoon,  or 

Itle  rountls. 

1  i.Uly  tliofe 

[\  a  crown, 

ot  two, 

1  ti-ith,  as 

It  ■,  bi'ing 

inch 


Ic,  w 


Pmtii. 


or  rous 
Irniin,  a 


ol 

nd 


fiM'.tch- 
ilioiit 
liiJi 


\vr 
les  w 


Many 


^  /  ( n/'orcro 


////// 


ir>i/ui  >i 


.  iJ^'ftrfoi- 


I  ■»■■  -TBPj  ■ 


li 


If 


i! 


pi  I 

t 


/  7^1 //urj  //  i/r 


ri 


////  ,v,  J 


I  /''ffctin- 


«    \  '(//(> f\i     '\     f/rr /'/'/)  />/    /\r/n//fn///     o/'  //// 


/V'  ^;-: 


?•  ■"  ;^ " 

>/^tll  ('/ 

■//>.■ 

I'mi 

u 

I 

1 

"Sli; 

\ 

%J\ 

ki^ 

//  (vr/n////  ////'/ 


//  ///,rr/,<mA''  /f'i/r 


J//rA'/i//(/  /ir.  Jii//r/U 


I  IS 


p. 


^^.U  i 


'|H 


ili'"' 


•iJ 


1  !! 


Lit. 


W. 


m 


Uf'M: 


tn;!., 


a. ft 


vm 


•ti-i; 


Wilt 


IChap.  i8 

I  ;wj.  Many 

they  wil 
coarfe  ;  < 

j;o.l!.S,     o 

upon  \vo( 
well  moi 

fun ;  atlo 
ami  cai>;, 
gokl  toys 
their  con 
lic'y's  t.ii 

I  ujKJii.  waifts,  w 
Cmtc'  bu 
the  abovi 
Iccii  foine 
0*  bugles 
alter  the 
abundance 
(brings  of 
chains  ol  j 
of  wiiicli 
[joiinJs  lU 
[vrfons  i)i 
jets,  coll; 
fnr  t!ieari 
ffcni  to  h 
in  ancient 
of  iacreii  h 
2  2.  Ezecl. 

to  22.      7 

hiftorian, 
nients,  in 
the  Jczvi ; 
the  yoiins 
king  Saul, 
him  his  gc 

Thcyal 
collars,  an 
great  pride 
cill  Mamil 
diofe  ivor' 
an  arm  :  a 
by  tiicrn  01 
ried  thithei 
what  they 
The  woni 
nunts  i  a! 
fuTFM.in  the  rut 
the  fiti^fai! 
I  he  coi 
ot  three  o 
perpetuan;! 
fort  of  fti 
taylors  tht 
It  up  in  a 
fo  that  it  I 
covering  a 
ot  wrappci 
the  thirty 
garments, 
Phililfines  < 

Vol.  ' 


.'•' 


Chap.  i8.        C*^/ 0/ South-Guinea. 


137 


IHHI- 


iMMJd. 


Many  o!"  the  Blacki  wear  our  Ii.us,  which 
they  will  buy  at  great  rates,  tho'  very 
coarff  i  or  elfc  hats  maiie  of  rallies,  or  of 
go.its,  or  dog's  Ikins,  which  they  make 
upon  wooden  blocks,  tlic  Ikins  b.ing  firft 
well  moiftncJ,  and  afterwards  dried  in  the 
liiii :  adorning  all  thele  levcral  forts  of  hats 
ami  cap..,  with  fome  finall  uoat's  horns, 
crold  toys,  and  little  firings  ol  the  bark  of 
their  confccratcd  trie,  and  fome  add  mon- 
key's tails  to  all  the  nih 

They  adorn  their  necks,  arms,  legs,  and 
waifts,  with  llrings  of  the  fined  forts  of* 
/Wdiv  bugles,  inicnnixt  with  gold,  and 
the  abovc-nuiuioncd  Ions  of  corals.  I  Ijavc 
fccii  loiiie  of  them  who  wore  whole  bunches 
0*^  bugles  lunging  at  their  necks,  athwart 
alter  the  manner  of  fcarves,  intermixt  with 
abundance  of  their  gold  toys,  an-1  fome 
firings  ol  the  .iforefiiil  ronl'ecrated  tree,  or 
chains  ot' gold,  with  t  oral  aniongll  ii,  fome 
ol  wnicli  llaiid  [iieiii  in  above  ,1  hundred 
pounds  Ikrling.  'I'liofe  arc  only  worn  by 
jvrfons  ol  great  note,  as  are  goldm  brace- 
lets, collars,  necklaces,  and  large  rings 
for  t!ie  arms  and  legs  :  all  whiih  ornaments 
feem  to  have  been  ufed  by  eminent  jierlbns 
in  ancient  times,  as  we  find  in  many  places 
of  facred  hiltory  ;  as  for  inllance,in  GV-v.xxiv. 
22.  Eznb.xvi.  II.  Jf.iitib  \u.  from  v.  18, 
to  22.  Juditbx.  3,  isc.  And  the  llehrtio 
hiftorian,  JofiphtHy  fpeaks  of  the  like  orna- 
ments, in  feveral  places  of  his  hiilory  of 
the  Jiivi;  as  for  inllancc,  liL  C.  cap.  15. 
the  young  Jm.ilckit!-,  after  he  had  killed 
king  Saul,  by  his  own  command,  rook  from 
him  his  golden  bracelets,  and  liis  t'.iadem. 

They  aUo  wear  large  ivory,  goklor  filvcr 
collars,  and  rings  on  their  arms,  and  take 
great  pride  in  tliem  •,  and  the  latter  they 
call  Miiinilas,  fome  having  three  or  tour  of 
diofe  ivory  rings,  one  above  another,  on 
an  arm  :  and  they  are  very  artificially  made 
by  tiiem  of  elephant's  teeth,  generally  car- 
ried thither  from  the  .';^'i-i'//(ii  coalf,  befides 
what  they  have  from  the  inland  country. 
The  women  wear  moft  of  the  fame  orna- 
ments}  all  which  you  will  find  re|iiefcnted 

I. in  the  rut,  having  drawn  them  myfelf  for 
the  latisfaftion   ot  the  cui  lows. 

'■  The  common  habit  of  the  men  confith 
ot  three  or  lour  ells,  either  of  fittin,  cloth, 
pcrpetuanas,  taycs,  liulia  cliints,  or  other 
Ibrt  of  fluff;  which  without  any  help  of 
taylors  they  throw  about  their  body,  roll 
it  up  in  a  finall  compafs,  and  make  it  fall, 
fo  that  it  hangs  from  the  navel  downwards, 
covering  all  the  legs  half  way.  This  fort 
of  wrapper  Icems  to  h.we  fome  affinity  with 
the  thiity  flieets,  and  thirty  changes  of 
garments,  which  Samrjbn  otVer'd  to  give  the 
Philijlms  of  Tunnath,  if  they  could  expound 
Vol.  V. 


the  riddle  he  propofed  to  them,  Judg.  xiv.i2.  Batbot. 
Thofe  fliects  might  probably  be  made  ViO^N/ 
there  in  the  nature  of  a  cloak,  fo  that  one 
end  could  cover  the  (boulders,  and  the  other 
go  acrofs  under  the  arms,  hanging  down- 
wards V  whence  they  were  alfo  called  change 
of  garments,  becaufe  they  were  ready  to 
throw  oil'  when  they  came  home,  and  to 
put  on  again  when  they  went  abroad,  as 
we  do  with  our  cloaks :  and  it  feems  the 
mentioning  of  the  thirty  changes  of  gar- 
ments was  only  mentioned  to  explain  the 
thirty  fheets. 

The  batchclors,  called  Mumeros,  do  not 
drefs  themlilves  pompoully. 

The  Cnboceros,  or  prime  Blacks,  fromof the 
cape  l^crtlc,  and  on  the  i^ atj  11  a  cojitt,  wear  f ''''""""' 
only  a  fine  clout  about  their  waifl,  a  cap 
m.ide  of  fine  deer's  skin  on  their  heads, 
and  a  flalV  in  their  hands,  with  a  firing  of 
coral  about  their  necks  ;  by  this  their  habit 
looking  rather  like  poor  than  rich  men  : 
but  I  know  not  tor  what  realbn,  they  being 
as  haughty  as  any  other  men  in  office. 

The  drefs  of  the  common  fort,  as  fi flier- cowmM 
inen,  canoe-men,  fellers  of  wine,  and  other /orf. 
handicrafts,  is  alio  various  •,  but  very  or- 
dinary and  poor :  tbm,"  of  them  wearing 
an  ell  or  two  of  coarfe  fluff,  or  their  own 
country  cloth  -,  others  only  a  fort  of  wrapper 
drawn  through  between  their  thighs,  to 
hide  the  immodefl  parts.  The  filhermen 
commonly  wear  a  cap,  or  bonnet,  inade  of 
rulhes,  or  deer-lkins  -,  and  Ibmetimes  an  old 
rully  hat,  luch  as  they  can  get  from  the 
fea-men,  fbr  fifh,  or  other  eatables.  The 
hat  is  of  good  ufe  either  in  the  hotfcorching, 
or  in  cold  and  rainy  weather. 

Others  wear  finer  fluffs,  as  fiyes,  pcrpe- 
tuanas, or  iihiajiia  cloths,  made  tall  about 
their  waills,    and  ilrawn    through  between 
their  legs  -,  fo  that  the  two  ends  hang  down 
before  and  behind,  fbme  to  their  knees,  and 
Ibme  to  their   feet.     This  fort  of  habit  is 
common  to  molt  men,  of  what  condition 
toevcr,  when  they  are  at  home,  or  upon  a 
journey  :    but  when   rich  jX'rfons  go  about 
the  town,  or  a  vifiting,    they  put  on  their^f,-^,;,^. 
belt  apparel,  as  has  been  mentioned  above  -, 
or  wrap  about  their  necks  and  fhouldcrs, 
two,  three,  or  four  ells  of  liiyes,  perpetu- 
anas,  or  richer  ttuH's,  as  fattin,  chints,  is^c. 
one  end  pafling  under   their  arms,    like  a 
cloak,    holding   a   long  rod,  or  javelin  in 
one  hand,  with  a  grave  mien,  and  follow'd 
by  a  llave,    carrying   a  little  low  wooden 
flool,    as  I  laid  above.       When  returned 
home,  they  undrefs  again,  and  lay  up  their 
fine  clothes  in  deal  cliefls,  which  they  buy 
of  the  F.uropeatn  for  that  purpofc. 

The  flaves  are  generally  poorly  habited,  j^^^,, 
.ind  always  bare-headed. 


\\m 


m 


ppp 


Black 


r.'   Jii 


:i,-  ly  1 


1  -I'm 


:'fiii 


SI    -W 


238 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  III  I  Chap.  I? 


T 


I'uti. 


n\«MnT. 

C/V^H'*C'^  Women,  tbdr  Features,  tfi. 
'  H  F.  niiuk  women,  I  alCo  obfcrvcil  to 
he  ftrait,  and  of  a  mo(i(.'r.ite  ft.itiiie, 
pri'tty  plump,  hiving  (hi.ill  mund  heads, 
Iparkling  eyes,  tor  tlie  moil  part,  high 
iiofes.  Com  what  hooked,  long  curling  h.ur, 
little  mouths,  very  fine  well-let  white  teeth, 
full  neeks,  and  handlbme  brealls.  They  are 
very  (harp  and  witty  •,  very  talkative,  and 
by  A'.vrv/rrtw  repreCentcd  as  extraordinary 
lafcivioiis,  very  covetous,  addifted  to  (teal, 
ami  proud  to  a  high  degree  ;  which  is  in- 
ferred fiom  their  cortly  drefs,  as  if  women 
in  any  pirt  of  the  world,  tiid  not  clothe 
themfelves  according  to  their  ability. 

I  ufewi/.j.  It  is  certain  they  are  very  great  houfe- 
wives  at  home,  where  they  take  ;ill  the 
p.iins  of  drefl'ing  the  corn  and  meat,  and 
breeding  up  their  young  daughters  to  it 
betimes ;  very  fond  and  tender  of  their 
.hildren,  frugal  in  th.-ir  diet,  tight  and 
.  .inly,  anil  nice  in  walhing  them U Ives  all 
ov.r   ill  the  fea,  or  rivers. 


HtJiJ- 


Tbrir  H.^niT. 
-i/rc/.-'l^  HF,  co'Viiiion  drefs  of  women  of  qua- 
*•  iity  is  much  richer  than  that  of  the 
men  ;  they  plat  their  hair  very  artificially, 
after  it  is  moillned  with  palm-oil  and  dye  ; 
.ulorning  it  with  tlieir  coral,  and  ivory  rings, 
and  gold  toys,  as  alfo  bugles  and  reil  lliells ; 
a!!  wliicli  is  done  with  great  ingenuity,  and 
to  the  bed  advantage,  as  appears  by  the 
FuAi   .1.  ligurcs  in  the  cut. 

They  daub  their  forcheatis,  eyebrows  and 
checks,  withfome  wliite  and  red  paint  mixt, 
often  making  fmall  iniifions  on  each  fide 
of  their  faces,  and  fometimes  imprinting 
Figurti  III  figures  oi  Howers,  on  their  faces,  fhoulders, 
tit  skin.  ;,ims,  breads,  bellies  and  thighs,  with  fuch 
art,  that  at  a  I'.idance  it  looks  as  if  tiicir 
bodies  werecaived  ;  for  thole  figures  rife 
above  the  reft  of  the  fl<in,  like  a  half-re- 
liet,  which  I  have  obferved  in  the  wo- 
mjn  of  Su'/lro,  and  lome  men  adcrn  their 
facts  and  arms  in  the  fame  manner,  it  being 
all  tk)ne  with  hot  irons. 
siringi  of  About  their  necks  they  wear  gold  chains, 
ioW,  &.C.  ftrings  of  coral  of  feveral  forts,  bcfides  ten 
or  twelve  othi  r  ftrings  of  gold,  or  coral, 
which  adorn  their  arms,  waift,  and  legs, 
fo  thick,  efpeci.illy  about  their  waift,  that 
had  they  no  other  clothes  or  girdles  about 
it,  they  would  fufBce  to  cover  what  modefty 
ought  to  conceal. 
Clothing.  Tlie  lower  part  of  the  body  is  clothed 
with  a  fine  long  cloth,  very  often  two  or 
three  times  as  long  and  broad  as  that  of  the 
men.  This  long  c!o:h  they  wrap  about 
their  waift,  bin.ling  it  on  with  a  flip  of 
red  cloth,  or  other  (luff,  about  half  an  ell 
bro.id,  and  two  Ji\i>  long,  to  make  it  fit 
clofe  to  ihc  body  i  both  ends  c(  that  gird- 


ing nip  hanging  ilown  over  the  petticoat 
cloth,  which,  when  worn  by  women  of 
high  rank,  is  enriched  with  gold  and  lilver 
Lues. 

The  upper  part  of  their  body  they  coverivij. 
with  a  veil  of  filk,  or  other  hne  ftuft",  or 
callicoev  for  which  ufc  the  green  and  blue 
colours  are  mod  in  requeff.  Their  arms 
are  adorned  with  gold,  filvcr,  and  Ivory 
rings,  or  bracelets ;  as  alfo  with  ribbands, 
when  rhey  go  a  vifiting,  or  feafting  -,  and 
thus  thv-y  go  ab'jut  the  town  or  ro.ids, 
with  much  date  and  gravity.  Thefe  fortj 
of  ornaments  feem  to  me  to  have  much  af- 
finity with  thofe  of  the  iraelnijh  women, 
mentioned  by  the  prophet  Ezekul,  chap.  xvi. 
V.  10,  to  14.  and  to  the  lame  may  be  le- 
ferr'd  what  is  (aid  in  J'ul^cs  viii.  ib.  of  the 
ear-rings  of  goki,  the  oinanK nts,  collars, 
tsi.  that  were  plundered  l)y  fi/'/i '///'s  army, 
of  thekiiigs  of  .Vf;'i/;V/«,  &c.  which  were  all 
of  gold  :  tor  the  M'uliniiUi:!  were  mollly 
./»•;.'"■,  and  follow'd  tiieir  fafliioii^  ■,  and  it 
feems  thev  were  of  the  polleriiy  o\' .  {h./han, 
and  owned ///.»;«. /f',  his  I'on,  hy  H.i^iir,  for 
tlu- head  of  tlieir  nation,  or  tribe  ;  agreeing 
in  manners  and  filhions  witli  the  If.i^are- 
iiiaii.\  or  IJhmnc'ile.u  who  adorned  tliemlUvLS 
witu  rings,  collars,  and  jeweh,  vui.  Gcii.  xxv. 
13.  anil  xxxvii.   25. 

At  a  t'eall  the  D.niiflj  agent  made  at  y-Zi/vj, 
to  enlert.iin,  and  fhew  me  the  pomp  of  the 
Bl.tck  ladies,  1  faw  feveral  of  them  riehly 
adorned,  and  could  not  but  own  they  were 
very  ingenious  in  drefTing  themfelves,  in 
fuch  manner  as  might  prove  fufliciently 
tempting  to  many  lend  ft'/zra/i^aw  •,  who  notFjiJi-;. 
regarding  com[)kxions,  fay,  nH  cil.':  arr  grrytii!:. 
in  the  •lark.  And  indeed  tliere  were  feveral 
genteel  perfons  of  that  lex,  not  only  curious 
,uid  rich  in  their  divf.,  but  extraordinary 
good-luimour'd,mervy  and  diveriing  ;  which 
iliil  much  attradl  the  eyes,  not  to  m^'niii):i 
many  lalirivious  looks  and  gefhires,  at  which 
they  are  very  dexterous,  and  (pare  no  pains 
or  art  to  allure  an  Euroju-an  gentleman, 
thinking  it  an  honour  to  In-  in  their  com- 
pany, cither  in  publick  or  private'. 

Some  of  thofe  women  wrap  the  aforelaid 
long  pieces  of  duffs  about  their  bodies, 
clofe  under  their  brcafts,  and  fb  let  them 
hang  down  halt"  way  their  legs,  and  lower  •, 
about  the  back  pirt  of  their  waift,  place  a 
thick  wreath  of  cloth,  fayes  or  perpetuana, 
infteadof  a  girdle,  to  the  one  fide  whereof 
hangs  a  parte  full  of  Krakrn,  which  is  their""*"™'- 
gold  money,  and  to  the  other  fide,  a  long 
dring  with  m.ny  keys  ;  which  is  done  even 
by  the  daughters  of  kings,  thole  being  a 
part  of  their  ornaments,  tlio'  they  have  not 
above  one  or  two  trunks  at  home  to  lay 
up  their  wearing  apparel.  Some  alio  add 
to  the  purfe  or  keyj  feveral  drinrrs  of  the 
facrcd  tree. 

As 


Book  III  I  Chap.  i8.        Coafts  0/ South-Guinea. 


mo" 

k'l. 


ly  ni 


As  foon  as  over  thofe  Black  l.idies  return 
lomc,  tlicy  take  off  all  their  rich  apparel, 
which  they  lay  up  in  their  trunks,  anil  in- 
ileail  ol  it  wrap  about  tlieni  a  country 
cloth,  reaching  only  troni  the  waill  to  the 
knci-s,  that  .hey  may  be  the  lels  encum- 
bcrctl  to  atttnil  their  work,  or  houfewitVy, 
as  the  mcantll  flaves  might  ilo:  for  there 
the  women  of  tiie  greatelt  quality  mull  let 
thtir  haniis  to  the  work  of  the  houl'e,  even 
to  tiie  mcancft  drudgery,  without  any  re- 
gard to  quality-,  the  only  exception  being, 
that  thole  who  are  riih,  cximpi  two  of  their 
wives,  the  chief  wite  and  the  feconil,  called 
Boffuin,  who  is  conlecrated  to  their  deities, 
and  thofe  two  are  free  fioin  woik,  and  as  it 
Were  lunif '-eepers,  commanding  over  all 
the  reft,  O''  which  more  lureat'ter.  Thus 
it  appears,  thofe  ieniales  are  not  fo  lazy 
iintl  haughty  as  fome  would  repiillnt 
them. 

The  meaner  fort  of  women,  w  ar  a  veil 
or  mantle,  made  of  fmir  or  five  li.sof  A.t'^' 
,Un  ferge,  to  keep  them  trom  the  cold  .\\v\ 
rain;  adorning  their  arms  and  hgs  with 
tin,  copper,  and  ivory  rings  and  fome  of 
iron,  of  which  fort  they  alio  wear  many 
on  their  fingers-,  and  wlien  they  go  to 
market,  they  walk  very  gravely,  holding 
up  their  arm  with  a  pewter  bafon,  or 
wooden  platter,  on  the  palm  of  their  hand. 
In  fliort,  there  are  many  other  dreffes  ufed 
among  the  women,  whi.h  would  be  too 
tedious  to  recite  in  particular. 

The  youngeft  people  of  both  fixes,  a- 
bout  the  co.ift,  are  fildom  cloathed  till 
eiglit  or  ten  years  of  age,  but  go  ftark 
naked,  playing,  bathing,  and  fwimming  to- 
gether, without  any  dirtindion,  in  the  fea 
,inJ  livers,  as  fhall  be  again  taken  notice  of 
hereafter. 

The  women  on  the  coafl:  are  more  lafci- 
vious  than  thofe  ot  the  inl.md  counrriis, 
which  is  attributed  to  their  frequent  com- 
merce with  I'Aii-'ii'eani,  who  commonly 
keep  many  of  them  j  and  their  example  has 
fuch  an  inlluence  over  the  young  girls,  that 
they  are  foon  brought  to  comply  ;  clpecial- 
ly  fuch  as  are  ])ut  to  dancing-fchools,  where 
they  arc  traught  many  indecent  poflures. 
Thus  we  fee  the  Eitio^'eam  are  the  occafion 
of  that  leuvinefs  they  leem  to  find  fault 
with,  and  it  is  no  wonder  that  dancing- 
fchools  fliould  make  women  i  'ichafte  there, 
fiiice  we  fee  them  to  produce  the  fame 
eft'eft  in  England. 

Few  women  there  have  above  five  or  fix 
children,  which  thofe,  who  find  fault  with 
all  things  abroad,  afcribe  to  their  lafciviouf- 
nefs;  tho'  it  is  not  very  common  in  Riirope 
to  have  above  that  number,  and  it  may  ra- 
ther be  im[>uted  to  the  mens  having  fo 
many  wives. 


P'-frr. 
M  A  R    R  I  A  O  t  »,  l/^^NJ 

ARE  there  com  luded  without  'he  pre  -S"  r^.n- 
vious  form.Uitiesof  cinniniip,  ililjnite' ^''^ "'''''" 
about  fettlennnts,  or  nici  ty  about  the  dif- 
parity  of  perfon^i  the  highcft  quality  Hur- 
rying their  own  (lares,  or  other  inlerii-.i, 
accordin"  as  they  f.incy,  in  which  the.  ^ 
no  oppoTition,  or  difgra<e,  The  i;  v.'h  as 
arc  leveral,  whereof  I  fliall  mentio  v,o 
or  three. 

Firft,  When  a  /).'.i./(-  fettles  his  inclina- F;Vy?  wty 
tion  on  a  vol. ng  wom.in,  to  marry  her,  he"/""' 
applies  himlcU  to  her  faihir,  mother,  or  * 
nearifl:  rel.itions;  .ind  is  very  feldom  refufeil 
bytheni,  if  the  maiden  is  willing  to  com- 
ply. Then  he  takes  her  honu  with  him, 
if  marriageable,  or  leaves  her  for  a  time 
with  her  parents,  if  too  young,  tiio'  this 
l.ill  is  r.ot  always  done.  'J'he  biidegroom, 
according  to  his  ability,  dtfr.iy.-.  the  expei'.ce 
of  the  "-'dding  day  ;  bi  ii.g  .i  fmall  prcfmt 
off:/-  .0 '''e  fither  .'iiul  nmtlur,  or  inarill 
rdatu  IS  c.  ic  bride,  antl  wine,  brandy, 
an.'  a  die-  -o  tre.it  ilu-m,  is  alio  new 
eh  "<^  for  .bride;  of  all  which  he  keeps 
•'■•  e.u  1  account,  ih.U  he  may  demand  it 
g,i.,r,  -.nil  it  mull  be  made  good  to  him,  in 
c.de  .  evjr  takis  fuch  a  ('.iflike  as  to  leave 
him,  01  he  can  fliow  fullicicnt  reafon  lor  leav- 
"  o^hcr, 

1  itre  is  no  very  great  leading  on  the  N" ?<"■'»"• 
wedding-day,  but  the  bride  is  drcffcd  very 
fine,  and  let  off  with  gold  and  other  orna- 
ments, either  bought  by  the  bridi  groom, 
or  borrowed,  as  is  frequently  dune  upon  kk  h 
occafions  :  for  the  bride  brings  no  otlur  for- 
tune but  I -er  perfon,  nor  docs  the  man  re- 
quire much.  At  night  flie  is  i dndui'led  to 
the  bridegroom's  houfc,  attendeil  by  a  young 
woman  of  her  familiar  acquaint.mcc,  wlio 
ftays  there  a  whole  week,  to  b.-.\r  her  com- 
pany, and  by  degrees  to  make  her  n^w  con- 
dition agreeable. 

The  fccond  method  is,  when  a  in, in  de- Tfi-oM/wJv 
figns  to  marry  his  fon,  he  pitclies  upon  Inch"/ """■*''- 
a  young  wom.in  as  he  thinks  mod  accept.i-  "^' 
ble  to  hinv,  and  having  obtained  the  con- 
fent  of  her  parents,  they,  it  rivli,  p.ay  her 
portion,    conunonly    amounting  to   about 
thirty    pounds   dcrling   in  gold,  with  one 
flave,   to    attend    on   her,  whin  married  ; 
the  kings  feldom  allowing  their  daughters  a 
greater  fortune. 

On  the  wedding-day,  the  parents  on  both 
fides  meet,  and  caufe  the  bride  to  fwear  die 
will  alw.iys  be  very  fubmidive  and  obedient 
to  her  husband,  and  nc\er  wrong  him  wiih 
any  other  man.  The  bridegroom  is  alio 
obliged  to  promife,  that  he  will  take  ipc- 
cial  care  of,  and  iife  htr  kindly,  till 
death,  unlefs  die  diould  give  him  juil 
grounds  to  Ijc  divorced.  The  nft  is  much 
as  above. 

The 


y\  '■. 


.•■/■«.. 


'  ' 


Hi 


i-i 


1 1  . .  >  I ' 


'U.i      > 


\ 


ill  3^1 


240 


^  Defer iption  of  the 


^^okIIiIchap.  18 


Bakbot.  The  tlilnl  metlioiU  in  my  lime,  mJcki  w 
t^VNJ  Black  of  about  Jorty  ye.irs  ot  age,  in.irriiil 
Tilt  ihirj.  .,  j,j|.j  pj-  eight,  at  moll.  On  the  WLiliiinj;- 
il.iy,  all  the  kindrtil,  on  both  fulcs,  iiK'*.  .it 
the  liriJc's  f.itlicr'j  hoiilV,  .iiu!  h.ul  a  ^rcat 
fcall,  vvitli  much  rc'ioicing,  abunilanie  ot 
their  mufitk,  iml  no.  Ids  ilincing.  When 
that  was  over,  the  young  britle  was  ag-air  a- 
tiorncil  will)  more  gold  toys  anil  (Irings  of 
coral,  about  her  head,  ncik,  arms,  and 
legs ;  and  then  the  bridegroom  made  the 
tieclar.ition  as  above,  in  liie  j-'refence  of 
tlicir  prielK  Alter  wiiieh,  the  bride  was 
carried  to  his  houlc,  and  bedded  between 
two  women,  in  the  bed  wlicre  hi:  lay  ■,  and 
this  to  prevent  his  offering  to  meiklle  with 
her,  by  realbn  of  jier  tender  ye.irs.  'I'his 
Was  repeated  three  nights  HifcelTively,  alrer 
wiiich  tlic  m.in  lent  her  baik  to  her  lathi. r's 
lioule,  to  be  kept  there  till  Ilie  w.is  ol  ag' 
to  eonfummate  the  tnarri.ige. 

I  w.is  intormetl,  tli.U  when  that  time 
came,  all  tjie  young  women  ol'  the  pl.ue, 
in  their  richell  ajiparel,  would  aceoinpany 
the  bride  to  her  husb.in  I's  houle.llie  being 
as  coftly  ihiiVed  as  poffiblc  ;  and  then  eai  h 
»t"  thole  attendants,  tho'  they  were  fifty  ii\ 
nuniber,  was  to  be  prelent^d  by  tlie  bri.lc- 
gronm  wit'.i  the  v. due  of  half  an  /Icksc  in 
gold,  wliiih,  as  has  been  laitl  above,  is  tlv 
lixtcunh  p.irt  of  an  ounce.  Tiien  they 
were  all  to  d.inee  mofl  p.irt  of  the  night  a- 
bout  the  houfe  of  the  new-married  couple. 
ri/t/<mrih.  Thi-  fourth:  At  Ma>ifrou  they  commonly 
marry  people  thus-,  when  a  liLt.k  thinks  hii 
Ion  nurri.igeable,  lie  picks  out  the  young 
iiiaid  he  tliinkspropereft  in  the  village,  ,ind 
fends  his  Ion  to  court  her.  If  the  damfel 
admits  of  Ins  addrefTes,  for  there  the  women 
air  left  at  their  own  difptifa!  in  iliis  jwint, 
tiic  AIiiiK  roi;  or  young  man,  acquaints  his 
father,  who  applies  hinilelf  to  her  parents, 
in  behalf  of  his  Ion.  If  they  approve  of  the 
m.itch,  the  wedding-day  is  appointed;  and 
then  the  bride,  in  the  pretence  of  the  prieft, 
is  m.ide  to  fwe.ir  on  the  toys  given  them  by 
the  faid  pried,  as  their  nuptial  gods,  th.it 
fhe  will  be  loving  and  faithful  to  her  hul- 
I'.intl,  as  long  as  flie  lives :  and  the  bride- 
groom on  his  part  fwcars,  he  will  love  and 
maintain  her  all  the  days  of  his  life,  fcfi. 
This  being  done,  the  parents  onlx)th  fides 
prefent  one  another,  according  to  their  con- 
dition i  and  the  remaining  part  of  the  day 
is  fpent  in  fealling,  dancing,  and  fuch 
drinking,  that  many  of  the  company  re- 
turn home  drunk. 

There  are  feveral  other  cuftoms  and  for- 
malities obferved  among  the  Blacks  on  the 
coaft,  in  their  marriages,  which  differ  in 
fome  particulars,  according  to  the  countries 
and  pl.ues  -,  but  are  much  the  fame  in  the 
main,  as  what  has  bet  11  mentioned,  for  which 
rufon  I  think  w  hat  is  faid  may  fuffice. 


The  marriages  ot  the  I.r.ti'iirs  were  not  *'«"/<•. 
attendeil  with  any  religious  ceremonies  tli.it '/ '"" 
I  know  of,  except  the  prayers  ol  tiic  lather '" 
of  the  family  and  the  company  prclint,  to 
implore  a  blefling  on  the   woman.     Such 
were  the   marriages  of  Kei'ftra  with  //iwr, 
of  Riiib  witli  lioii:,  of  Saia  with  Tcl/im. 
1  do  not  find  that  any  offerings  or  facri- 
fices  were  made,  that  any  went  to  the  ten;- 
J'le,  or  ti.at  the  priel:;  were  called  to  thein. 
All  tlie   bufinel's  w,  s    tranlaited    between 
the  parents  and  Iriemlsi  li)  that  it  lookul 
but  like  a  civil  contract,  attended  witli  le- 
veral  days  of  fe.dling. 

Kings  and  prime  men  there  marry  their 
il.uighters,  without  the  hall  regard  to  hi^li 
birth  01  quality,  all  p  rfons  being  at  liberty 
to  ilo  therein  as  they  think  fit;  and  thole 
\somin  hasing  abfohue  liberty  in  tiieii 
cluiicv-,  \\ill  not  fi  ruple  or  be  alhamcd  to 
marry  a  llave,  as  Ireipieiiily  h.ippens  1  as  it 
tloes  oil  the  other  haiut,  10  lee  a  king's  fon 
m.iriy  a  woni.in  fl.ive:  the  only  liithTciiie 
being,  ih.it  the  i  hildriii  a  king's  daiiglitir 
has  in  wedlock  by  a  fl.ive  are  free,  where.is 
tliofe  a  king'^  fon  has  by  a  fem.de  flave,  are 
re|nited  fl.ives,  Ix'uiule  tlic  children  mull 
tollow  the  mother. 

Mai  lied  people  in  thefe  parts  have  nOf;„j, , 
community   of  goods,  but  cael,  their  owr,«i<»«j, 
property  1  the  man  anil  his  wives  agree  the 
matter  together,  both  bearing  the  ciiargcs 
of  houfekeeping  •,  but  the   clothing  of  liie 
whole  family  is  at  the  man's  expcnie, 

I'.very  man  there  marries  as  many  wives p,,!;-,,,, 
as  he  c.in  keep,  feldom  exceciling  tJie  iiiiiii- 
beroftwtnty,  and  when  any  one  takes  lo 
many,  it  is  to  appear  very  great  •,  the  more 
wives  and  children.;  man  hasamong  the  A'j.h, 
the  greater  is  his  reputation,  and  the  relpcti 
paid  him  :  but  the  molt  common,  is  to  h.ive 
from  three  to  ten  wives,  In  li'.es  conciibiiK-., 
wiiom  they  often  prefer  betbre  their  \vi\'is, 
'■ut  their  children  are  coiinteil  ill(;{itini ite, 
and  not  reckoned  among  the  relations. 

Moll  of  thole  women  lo  married  to  om'."im.ii 
man,  mufl  till  the  ground,  liiw  Iiul'uv.''^"" 
wheat,  or  millet,  pl.int  yams,  or  work  fome 
other  way  for  their  husbands,  and  each  uf 
them  is  fure  to  do  her  bell  to  pleafe  liiin, 
and  gain  his  affection  in  a  more  p.irtieuLir 
manner,  th.it  llie  may  be  by  hir.  preferred 
above  the  rell,  ami  have  t'lc  moll  of  his 
company  1  which  altogether  dejunds  on  the 
man's  pleafure,  tho'  the  common  metho.l 
is  to  oblige  every  wife  in  her  turn,  that 
there  may  beno  controverly.  If  Ihewhofe  turn 
it  is  happens  to  be  a  favourite,  flie  lies 
with  her  husband  all  the  night  1  if  not,  when 
her  turn  is  over,  flie  mull  withdraw,  whe- 
ther (he  will  or  no. 

Thus  there  are  rich  merchants,  and  ot-  UuUmu 
ficcrs  of  towns,  who  have  twenty,  or  tiiirty ";'  "'•" 
wives,   according  to  their  circumllantes  •, 

but 


Book  ml  Chap.  1 8-        Coafls  of  South-Guinea. 


were  not  W<rrij^„ 

Diiies  tli.it '/ '"'' 
the  tatlicr  ' " 
relint,  lo 
in.     Sucli 

itil   //<W(-, 

ih  ftbia'. 
;  or  facri- 
)  the  teii;- 
I  to  tlieni. 
lirtwccii 
it  looked 
:d  with  I'e- 

arry  their 
I'd  to  hi^;h 
at  liliirty 
and  thole 
'  in  their 
hanicd  to 
icns  1  as  it 
kind's  f(in 
dill(.Tcni'e 
I  daughtLT 
',  whereas 
:  flave,  are 
dren  mult 

'  li.ive  noc„j,,„ 
their  o^sn'mimm. 
agree  the 

he  eh.irgcs 

ing  ol'  tiic 

em  e. 

lany  wives  P(I,-jr-. 

\  tl\e  niiiii- 
takes  lo 
the  more 

he  r<ri>((;i 

s  to  have 

oneubiiiC\ 

r  wivis  i 

{itim.ite, 

to  0IU-.";m,ii 
'  //;./;,fi. '•''"' 
)rk  I'oine 

laeh  1)1 
lie  liini, 
artieular 
ireterreil 
:   ot'  liis 

s  on  tlie 

nietliixl 
urn,  that 
hole  turn 

llie  hes 
lot,  when 
iw,  whe- 

and  ol-  J.'K.'iinj' 
or  thirty'/'"-" 
iillanies  ; 
but 


•  ii'in 


but  the  kings  and  great  governoiirs,  take 
I'ome  eighty,  Ionic  an  huiidreii  and  more, 
with  as  many  eoneubines  or  flaves  to  wait 
on  them. 
,,,,/•,  Each  ofthefc  wives  has  her  partieul  ir  hut, 
,'„!,f«r(  atljoinin;^  to  the  husband's  ho  lie,  where  (he 
lives,  lyin;j;  on  a  mat  of  nilhei,  with  a 
pieccot  wood  tor  her  boiililer  i  and  tiiither 
the  man  rej)aiis,  t(j  lie  wirh  them  in  tlu  ir 
turns  ■.  or  it  it  hainnns  th.it  hi,  iiulination 
leads  liini  to  be  more  treti'icnt  in  his  vifits 
of  love  to  one  than  to  iL.  nil,  he  mult  be 
cautious  that  they  do  not  kiiuw  it,  to  avoid 
the  trouble  and  dilLord  th.it  would  cnfue  if 
they  knew  it. 

The  //t'vcwj  coveted  to  have  many  ihil- 
ilren,  beeaufe  in  their  emintry  thole  were 
accounted  fort  unite  and  liapiiy,  who  hail  a 
numerou.-.  illlie,  as  in  Prov,  xxvii.  0,  (jmI- 
tlren'i  cbiLUfii  arc  t'>i:  crii^n  ij  vul  iifii. 
The  pagans  had  the  fame  noiioii,  aivl  tiie 
poets  talk  much  of  Pii.tin^  lifiy  children  ; 
t!ie  (I'v,  (j  being  very  iond  ol  liiiitful  wo- 
men, and  barrennel's  beiiv^  fo  ill  lookui  on, 
that  even  iii'.ids  were  aeeouiited  unh.ipiiy 
tor  dyin.;^  bLti)i-<'  they  wire  married.  'J'he 
(laughter  ot  "J,'ih:o.i  bemoaned  her  unliap- 
i>inels  in  that  particular.  'Ihenloie  it  was 
(hat  the/Ai".';c'j  took  fo  mmy  wives,  look- 
in"  upon  it  as  gieat  ami  hoiiojrahle.  It  is 
not  to  be  admired  that  (iod  tolerated  poly- 
ganiy,  which  was  in  life  even  betbre  the  llood, 
tho'  contrary  to  the  full  inllitution  of  ma- 
trimony, which  was  lirtl  inllituted  in  |i,ua- 
diie,  before  concupileence  v.ms  known,  .iiul 
ever  fiiice  has  been  honoured,  and  highly 
f.ivoured  ;  but  during  thole  iiite; vals  v.hen 
grace  was  fupjirefTed,  and  fin  prevailed,  it 
was  God's  goodnefs  to  .illow  a  greater  indul- 
gence, and  polygamy  was  permitted  .ifter 
the  l.ime  manner  as  ilivorce,  eonetrning 
which  Jesus  C  ii  r  i  st,  M.itth.  xix.  S. 
tclK  th.' yfco,  Mokifuff.redthrm  to  fhta- 
ic.i;  ibi'tr  V IVl's,  b.wiii  e  "f  th''  harduc's  of 
ihar  hearts;  lu:  fiointhc  i/t-i^ii.niiig  U  %i.\ii 
net  fo. 

Btfides  the  wives,  it  was  alio  permitted 
to  have  loneiibines,  which  were  lommonly 
flaves.  The  dilVcrence  between  them  and 
the  hwlul  wives  was,  that  the  ehildicn  ol 
the  latter  were  to  inlierif,  lb  that  the  name 
of  concubinage  did  not  fignily  living  in 
leudiiefs,  as  with  e-;  but  was  only  .i  lels 
liilemn  marriage. 

However,  this  liberty  r.itlier  made  the 
yoke  of  matrimony  he.ivicr  than  eafier ;  tor 
a  married  man  could  not  divide  his  alTec- 
tion  fo  equally  among  all  thofe  women,  as 
to  pleafe  them  all,  ami  was  therefore  ob- 
liged to  govern  them  with  an  abtblute 
power,  as  they  (till  do  in  the  Levant,  and 
thus  in  matrimony  there  was  no  equality, 
true  friendfhip  or  lotiety.  It  was  (till  more 
difficult  tor  the  rivals  to  agree  among 
Voi.  V. 


,  MCiy 


241 

themfeives,  but  there  were  prepftually  di-Bxnuor. 
vifions,  animofities,  and  domcftiik  broils  *''"\^"^ 
among  them.  I'.very  womin's  children  h.id 
as  many  Itep-mothers  as  his  father  had  o- 
thcr  wives :  every  one  fided  with  his  own 
mother  -,  and  looked  upon  the  children  of 
the  others  as  (trangers  and  i  nemies.  We  have 
an  inllancc  of  thefc  ilomettick  jars  in  Da- 
vid's f.imily,  ami  a  greater  in  Herod's. 

The  rich  lilacki,  as  I  have  hinted  above,  T»»trM. 
have  two  wives,  who  are  exempted  from ''i"* 
l.ibour,  the  principal  called  M.ther  draiide,^""'' 
which  is  the  Porttr.'ur/h  name,  not  o*"  the 
l.ingiiage  of  the  R'licks,  which  fignifies  the 
great  wite,  who  h.is  the  charge  of  govern- 
ing th.-  houfj  and  f.imily.  Tlie  fecon  I  pri- 
vileged witi:  h  callel  h'jfiin,  becaiill-  flic 
IS  tonl'e.  rated  to  their  liiity,  which  bears 
that  name.  The  hu. ban. I  is  very  je..lous 
of  thole  two  principal  wives,  but  more  ef- 
peeiilly  of  tlie  l.ittir,  .iivl  will  be  enraged 
aiul  almolt  diltr.'.ct.-d,  if.iny  m  11,  kilTes  her; 
and,  could  he  do  it  priv.itely,  '.vould  punilli 
her  llverely  for  p  vmiiting  it.  As  tiir  his 
other  wives,  he  is  nothing  near  lb  much 
concerned,  tho'  tiiey  do  not  li\e  altogether 
rtgul  irly,  efpeci.illy  if  it  yields  him  .;ny 
profit  or  ad\ant.ige. 

'I'lie   /f ///(///  wive,  .sre  eommrnly  llavts,  PriiiVcx' 
pur.  haled  on  purpole  tu  b    conleerated  to'/'''' 
tlv.ir  deity,  and  tor  the  moll  p.irt  of  an   a-''""  ' 
grecable    W^^c  and  mien ;    anil  with   them 
they  lie,  either  out  of  a  religious  notion,  or 
tor  the  take  of  tin  :r  beauty,    on   cei  t.iin 
fixed  days,  as  on  their  birth-day,  or  on  the 
day  ot   the  week,  dedicated  and   let  apart 
lor  their  riligious  duties,  which  is  'fiirfUy. 
This    preference  makes  the  I^Jfioiis  elteem 
their  condition  above  that  of  tiie  other  wo- 
imii  ;  who,  as  has  b  en  f.iid,  mufl.  till  the 
ground,   fow  corn,  ]ikint  yam-,  and  do  all 
other  work  for  tluir  lius!i.inds,  and  h.ive  the 
trouble  of  drifTiiig  his  nv  at  i  tiio',  as  they 
e.it  very  iM.irly,  that  work  is  loon  done. 
The  husband  (pends  nicft  of  his  time  very 
idly,  either  t.ilking,  or  drinking  of  palm- 
win:',  which  thofe  women  are  foieeit   very 
otten  rn  get  wiih  hard  labour,  to  f.itisfy  the 
greedy  apiK-tite  of  thole  flothlul  drones-,   I 
mean  many  ot  them,   tor  the  v.  ine-drawers 
and  filhermtn  are    l.iborious   enough,    the 
firll  in  j; 'tting  and    felling  thiirwine,  the 
others  in  lifliing,  or  hiring  themt'elves  to  the 
f.idors  on  the  coalt,  as  occafion  oilers,  to 
row  or  p.uklle  their  cinoes.     I'lu  le,  by  their 
own  toil  and  induttry,  lave  their  wives  much 
l.ibour  at  home. 

Tlu:  principal  wife  has  the  keeping  of  the  o///;f 
husband's  money,  to  lay  it  out  as  the  fa-Zr/'- 
mily  has  occafion  1  and  thet'e  arc  lb  tar 
from  being  jealous  of  their  husband's  tak- 
ing too  many  women,  that  they  often  pre  Is 
them  lb  to  do,  becaute  there  is  a  fee  of  four 
or  five  Aikyes  of  gold  due  to  them,  'om 
q,q  q  every 


:  ill:, iff;. 


i ,'  -1 

■?f^:,^'•" 


'■'t 


^m. 


'  ;i 


mm' 


I!  ■    n 


till  'il  ^^ 

I';  phi 


.  ;  t 


Z4I 


y^  Dcfcription  of  the 


Book  III  I  Chap,  i 


Bauikvi-  every  one  of  iliofc  w.inv.n  lie  takes  ai  .1 

s^V^i'  piclt-nt  \  Iv  lulls,  tin  liiptTiority  over  tin  111, 

in  rvfry  ji.iriuiil.ir,  cvdi  to  lyinj;  with  the 

husbaml  tlnir  w^\m  tcgctlu'i  to  tin  ir  one, 

and  that  by  turns,  accoidiny;   to  the  order 

of  time  wh^ii  tliiy  were  m.irrial. 

nntt>[H(-     When  tiiis  piin.ip.il  witc   is  grown  very 

rttJhtr.    old,  or  fiiUlv,    'he  man  by  her   lonlent, 

chillis  one   ol    tlic  others,    whom  lie  likes 

IkO,  to  luccud  in  till  I'lini?^ ions  .mil  privi- 

Ifj^es   ot    thi;    toriiur,    and  ilicii    Ihe  is  to 

meilille  no  more  with  any  '.oiicirns   ol  ihi 

family.     'I'hi^  new  covirni'ls  thus  prckr- 

rrd,  if  (he  has  Ih'ih  tunmily  ill  uli.ll  Uy  hrr 

that  is  laid    all  le,  will  tlicn  lliow  lur  re 

lintinent,    un,,};  ilie  otlur    in    a  liaujjhty 

m.iiiiu'r,  and  .dmoll  likf  ,1  ll.ivc. 

McrrhnhK       I'liil'i' Whis  i.iniiot  Iv  jHii  away  unit  Is  in 

»/ 1 fi /;.<;•  call' of  aduUvry  »  Init  in  ^en^•r,d  the  wives 

'"•/'•         ol  nuuiianis  an  I  tr.ulirsan  thi  iiapiiiill,  as 

not  beinj.!;  oblni,(.d  to  labour  without  doois, 

and  on  till' contrary  well  Kept  by  tlRir  lull- 

bands, 

Uitti  IX-     Thctc are  oth.r  But  i-,  who  marry  many 

h'fJfjr     ^^.'ivcs,  only  to  ^i  t  moiuy  by  them,  allow- 

^'""'         in^  them  to  lie  with  other  lucn  for  j'.ain  ■, 

and  ilpeiially  with  llr.innirs,  whom  thole 

women  allure  by  many    I'ubrilties,  pirlu.i- 

diiig  tliem  tliey  are  not  married  1  and  wlien 

{;>it  into  the  net,  and  in  the  height  of  th.ir 

familiarity,   the  iiU'.band,  wiio   is  upon  the 

w.itth,  f'urpri/es  tlum,  and  nukes  him  piy 

dear  to  t!,ct  oiK 

Others,  whole  gallants  know  they  arr  mar- 
ried, will  promiie  upon  oath  to  kee()  t!ie  le- 
i  ret,  but  yet  betray  them  to  tliiir  liu. bands  1 
which  in  reality  they  eannoc  w-11  avoid, 
bveaule  il  would  go  hard  with  them,  lliould 
lie  come  to  the  knowledge  of  it  any  otiier 
way.  'I'hiis  they  catch  them  together  and 
receive  tlij  man's  rompofition,  whiih  he 
pays  to  avoid  attoning  lor  his  oiVencc  by  a 
gre.iicr  line. 
H„e  f„r  I'''"'  P-r'"n  is  rieli,  who  h.is  had  to  do 
.ijHlttn.  with  tile  prim  ipal  wite  ot  lome  man  ot  note, 
the  fine  is  one  or  two  hundred  pounds,  and 
the  woman  is  rurmd  olV,  unlels  Ihe  had  the 
husband'-,  conlent  to  proflitute  herfcit  for 
money.  It  this  hap|)cnb  between  a  man  and 
wom.m  ot  the  meaner  fori,  the  fine  does  not 
exceed  tour,  live,  or  fix  pounds  fieri ing  1 
the  caule  being  nicely  tried  before  tlie  pro- 
per judges  of  the  country,  of  wiiich  more 
hereatttr. 
iromin  When  a  man's  wife  appears  to  be  with 

»;(AfAW.  child,  Ihe  is  mucii  more  regarded  by  him 
and  taken  care  ot  than  before ;  and  if  it 
be  her  firft,  rich  offerings  are  made  to  their 
deities,  for  her  fafc  delivery.  The  ceremo- 
nies obferved  upon  fuch  otcafions  are  very 
foolifh  and  ridiculous,  one  of  them  being, 
that  as  foon  as  the  woman  finds  Ihe  has  con- 
ceived, fhe  is  conduced  to  the  fea-fhore,  a 
great  number  of  boys  and  girls  following 


<:*!Unls 
tnjiiiirtJ. 


and  throwing  all  manner  of  tilth  and  dirt  at 
her,  as  flu  is  going  thither,  and  there  fin- 
is plunged  and  w.ilhed  i  lean  ;  being  ot  opi 
nion,  tiiat  il  this  were  not  done,  tlie  intaiit 
in  her  womb,  or  Ibme  of  the  kindred  would 
certainly  die  very  toon. 

B  I  K  T  MS. 

\X7  H  Is  N  a  woman  is  in  labour,  abun-n,„„ 
"''    dame  of  the  neighbours  relort  to  the /«.,', 
houle  without  dilhnotion  of  lex  or  ,igp,  to"'r 
attend  and  jielp  her  111  cafe  ot  med,  for  ii 
is  no  (hame  tin  ,e  tor  a  woman  to  have  .1 
croud  of  men  and  boys  prelent  at  her  la- 
bour.    As  foon  as  llie  is  delivered,  which  is 
[!;'n  rally  within  a  ijuarter  or  half  an  hour, 
without  my  Ihiieking  or  crying  out,  tli.v 
make  her  ilnnk  a  c.il.ib.ifh,  or  gourd  full  ul 
,1  fiirt  of  liiiuornudeof  hiMan  wheat,  Itecp 
ed  in   w.iter,  wine,  and   brandy,  tempi-red 
wiili  (iiiurd  pepper  ;  ,ind  then  coviring  her 
waim,  that  I'le  take  no  cold,  they  kt  licr 
relt  and  fleep  Ibi   three  hours,  after  whii  li 
flu-  ccts  up,  w.iIIks  tlie  n.-w-born  babe,  and 
t.iil->  to  her  houlhold  worl;,  as  Hie  did  be- 
tor.  ,  witiiout  the  Kail  Ihow  ot  p.iin,  or  un- 
e.iliinls  :  wliich  is  a  pTool  ol  the  llrin;;tli  ol' 
tlieii   conllitution. 

This  puts  mr  in  mind  of  a  woman  flavi-./.y;,,,,,,. 
who  w.is  delivered  aboard  o  ir  Ihip,  on  the"- 
bare  deck,  between  the  carriages  of  two 
guns,  in  about  half  an  hour  ;  who,  the 
very  next  moment,  took  the  infimt  herl'eil, 
carried  it  to  a  tub  of  water,  walhed  it,  and 
liaving  relied,  about  an  hour,  fell  to  work, 
as  bufily  as  ever  ;  f.ilping  our  cook, 
whieh  was  her  peculiar  bufinefs,  carrying 
the  babe  at  her  back,  wrapped  up  in  a 
clout. 

'Mill',  ehikl-bearing  is  there  very  little  •^'">''" 
trouble  to  the  men,  .ind  it  is  very  rare  to""''  "' 
heir  of  any  woman  dying  in  cf.ild-bcd,  or 
being  lb  ill  as  to  keep  up  fome  days.  There 
is  no  goHii)ing,  nor  groaning  teafV,  nor  any 
provilioii  made  of  clouts  or  other  nceellaries 
lor  the  new-born  babes,  and  yet  all  their 
limbs  grow  as  Itrong  and  proportionable  as 
any  in  Enrcfii'  ;  only  they  have  longer  na- 
vels than  our  children,  which  mud  be  at- 
tributed to  the  mother's  fault,  or  ignorance. 

Thole  children  are  for  the  moft  part  of '"/■"■'»■< 
fo  Ihong  a  conllitution,  that  they  require^!'";'  " 
little  care  to  be  taken  ot  them  :  for  as  toon    " 
as  they  have  been  w allied,  either  in  the  lea 
or  rivers,  they  are  wrapjied  up  in   a  fmall 
piece  of  fliift",   and  laid  down  on  a  mat,  or 
on  tiie  bare  ground,  and  left  to  themlilves 
to  roiil  about,  which   is  pradifed  for  five 
or  fix  weeks:  after    which,  th'ir  mothers 
c.irry  them  hanging  at  their  back,  in  a  piece 
of  fiufT,  as  our  gyjifies  or  beggars  do,  and 
keep  them  there  mofl  part  of  the  day,  not- 
withftanding  the  hard  labours  they  are  em- 
ployed in  themltlves ;  and  tlius  tlicy  fuckle 

tliem 


Book  III  I  Chap.  i8.  Coap  of  Sour  h-Gv  is  e  a. 


M^ 


il  dirt  al 
:lifre  l)ic 

[',  ()t  OJll 

lie  inlant 
oil  would 


ir,  abun-Mi„„ 
)rt  to  tluW4i..„, 
r  .\^e,  til") 
111,  for  it 
I)  h;ivc  ,t 
at  hfr  la- 

which  is 

ail  hour, 
out,  tlicv 
iird  lull  ol 
■•U,  llccji 

tcinin-reii 
viring  her 
icy  K  t  hiT 
Itir  wliii  II 
h.ilic,  ami 
le  did  bc- 
in,  or  un- 
llrrn;uh(il' 

itn.Ul  n.iw,  ;,,7,ii. 
ip,  on  the'' 
IS  ot  two 
who,  the 
,int  herllK, 
hcd  it,  and 
1  to  work, 
11  r    cook, 

,    carrying 

.1  up  in  a 

'cry    little •'>'■'"?'" 
y  rare  to 
Ill-bed,  or 
|iys.  There 
,  nor  any 
|n;i-e(r.irii.i> 
It  .dl  their 
lionable  aii 
Boiigcr  n.i- 
jiil  be  at- 
Ignorance. 
It  part  ot'"''"'''"'' 
Ty  require (!"■'■■  ■'■ 
Ijr  as  toon 
I  in  the  Tea 
a  fmall 
mat,  or 
Ihemtilves 
tor  five 
mothers 
I  in  a  piece 
ido,  and 
lay,  not- 
'  are  em- 
ley  fuckle 
them 


them  from  time  to  time  lifting  up  the  vomiting,  which  they  put  about  the  child's BAu^iii^^r- 
children  to  their  fhoulder,  ami  turning  the  neck,  others  about  its  hair,  to  keep  them""""'' 
hriMlfs  up  to  them.   And  liinie  womi  n,  elpe-     from  falling  -,  others  are  to  hinder  bleeding 


cially  wlien  ilicy  grow  <il  I,  have  iheir 
brealts  fo  long,  tlut  the  children  will  hold 
thein  witli  both  their  haniN,  without  lean 
ing  far  over  the  mother's  neck  i  as  is  all  i 
reported  of  the  women  of  dhili,  in  .imerii  n, 
who  are  laid  to  have  very  lon^;  brealts.  Nor 
is  it  to  be  iliou!.',ht  ftrange,  thole  women 


al  the  nole  ;  others  to  make  the  child  deep 
well,  and  others  to  feciiic  them  againll  ve- 
nomous creatures.  There  every  mother 
liukles  her  own  child,  and  each  infant 
knows  its  own  mother. 

Education. 


//in 


never  wearing   any  thing  to  Hay  up  their     "t-HUS  they  breed  them  up  till  they  arc  ""v'*^^*^ 
bicalls,  which  (xialions  tlvir  own  weight,       *      ,l,^,^,t    fj|^|,t  „r  „jr,,.    y(.,,r,    ot  age,^^'^^y"/ 
Ijiecially  when  lull  of  milk,  to  (  xteiid  turnu     wholly  in  idlenels  and  play,  learning  nothingy„,„ 

.dl    that  while  but  to  Iwiin  well,  and  cun- 
tinuiiig.  as  I  have  l!iid  bdore,  llark  naked, 
as  they  lome  out  of  their  mothers  wombs  i 
boys  ,ind  girls  d.jily  running  about  the  town, 
or  marketplace,  in  tome  pLues  many  hun- 
dreds together.     It  was  lomeiiints  Very  di- 
virtinj";  to  m.'  to  lee  greit  iiumlnrsol  both 
I'exes,  indiU'eicntly   mixed   loi'.ether,    play- 
iiir,  with  much  a-  tivity  ..nd  dexterity,  among 
the  lurgesof  thefea,  about  t  lie  llion-,  tome 
on  pieces  of  timber,  othirs  o'l  bundles  ot 
rullies,  made  fill  under  tlieir  llomaehs,  the 
oetter  to  learn  to  I'wim  •,  otlu'is  ducking  un- 
der the  water,  and  continuing  there  tor  a  con- 
fider.ible  time, the /J/.jivj  on  theeoall  looking 
on  it  as  a  great  ptrtetJlion  in  ,i  boy  or  girl  to 
Iwim  Well,    which  may  be  ot  ule  to  them 
fome  time  in  their  lite      The  inland  H.^uks 
are   not  fo  expert  .it  fwimming,    as  being 
tar  from  the  lea,  and  having  few  great  rivers 
in  their  countries,  which  m.ikes  them  little 
regard  it. 

One  great  fault  in  ihcfc  Blncki  is,  to  let  r<f  '*'■ 
their  boys  and  girlse.it  all  mai'iier  ot  carrion'"" 
they  find  abroail,  as  they  commonly  do, 
and  will  often  tiglit  among  theiiilelves  ile- 
fperately  about  dividing  of  it  i  but  conli- 
deriiig  that  the  old  Hhuks  are  |';en.Tally  io 
filthy  and  nal\y  in  their  way  cf  lading,  and 
gr.cdyof  llinkinj',  tlent.ind  rotten filli, it  i.s  no 
wonder  the  young  ones  Ihouki  be  ol  the 
laiiK-  temper. 

I'hcy  rarely  correct  or  ])unini  their  P/m;?)- 
children,  t'orany  other  faults,  t!.in  woun>l-""'"- 
ing  of  oth'.Ts,  or  tufFering  tliemfelves  to  be 
beaten  ;  in  which  cales  1  have  feen  lome  to 
feverely  beaten  with  a  flick,  that  I  was 
ama/.ed  liieir  limbs  were  not  broken,  and 
no  let's  at  the  llubbornnefs  of  the  boys, 
who  wi  re  fo  far  from  ameiulment,  that  they 
imnvdiately  were  guilty  ol  the  f  ime  olVences. 
When  the  children  are  come  to  tcven,  or''^' , 


arid  it  we  did  oblerve  it  in  iurnp,-,  we 
fliould  liiul  Women  enough  in  every  lountry 
that  might  do  the  lame. 

What  has  been  fai>l  of  the  women  nur- 
fing  their  infants  after  this  manner,  is  to  lie 
underllood  of  till'  me.iner  fort,  or  flaves : 
for  tlie  women  of  .i  higher  r.iiik,  .md  more 
wealihvi  never  carry  their  childieii  about 
with  ifiem,  but  le.ive  tiiem  at  home,  when 
they  go  abro.id. 

It  IS  very  rare  to  lee  any  of  thoii-  chil- 
j,/.  Wdren  lame,  crooked,  orricke  try  j  but  they 
■•■'>     are  all  toun  I,  healthy,  llrait  and  well  limb- 
ed, an  I  before  they  arc  eight  nioiulisold, 
their   nurles   let  I  hem   crawl    about   alone 
ft.ii  snaked,  on  .ill   fours,  feeding  heartily 
o:i  dry  bre.id,  and  as  well  fatistied   as  ours 
with  ill  their  daintiesi  generally  growing  lo 
lully  and  tlrong,  that  they  begin  to  go  and 
talk  Ijetbre  they  are  a  year  okl.     Nor  arc 
their  mothers  much   troubleil  with  them, 
but  do  their  work  either  at  home  or  abroad 
without  aiiv  interruption  from  them  ;  and 
this  is  rather  to  be  lookeil  ujwn  as  the  ctiilo- 
mary  way  of  breeding  them  up,  thin  any 
want  of  tendernels  in  the  parents  •,  who  up- 
on all  occalions  luffiei^ntly  m.ike  it  app  Mr, 
that  they  are  as  fond  of  their  offs|)riug  as 
other   people.     Some    women    will   tackle 
them  three  years,  tho'  others  ilo  it   not   a 
(]uarier  of  the  time.     They  tike  great  de- 
light in  adorning  them  with  fever.il  forts  of 
gold  toys,    firings  of  beads,   ivory   lings, 
and   lome  of   the  laered   tree  about  tliiir 
necks,  arms,  waitls,    and  legs  \  but   they 
are  particularly  careful  to  make  them  wear 
I'everal   firings  of  the   facrcd  trees,  wlii,  h 
they  have  from  their  priclls,  who  are  lent 
lor  as    toon  as    an   iiilant    comes  into  the 
workl,  and  bind  a  parcel  of  firings,  coral, 
and  other  baubles  about  their  heads,  bodies, 
arms,  and  legs,  and  then  ut'e  cxorcifms,  ac- 


cording to  their  manner,  believing  thefe  to  eight,    and  fometimes  nine   wears  of  age,  ,'/'';'j.'i;,. 

be  extraordinary  perfcrvatives  againtl  all  they  h.ing  before  them,  at  their  waifl,  h.df  ,i,r'j  fr»- 

accidents  and  dil'eates  j  but  in  particular  they  a  yard  of  ftufl',  or  the  country  cloth,  like/r^i»'i. 

think  they  hinder  the  devil  from  doing  them  an  ajiron,    and  then  by  degrees   rhe-y  .irc 

any  harm  :  and  as  the  children  grow  up,  brought  to  work.     If  the  father     a  fither- 

they    buy  other  new  firings  of  thofe  for-  man,    or    K\  bandman,    or  of       y  other 

cerers,  or  priefts,  or  as  they  call  them  Con-  trade,  as  a  <  ^^rchant,  or  a  faif        ii't-.    he 

foes.     They  fancy  each  .Iring  has  its  pecu-  brings  up  ;.;.<  boys  to  his  owi.  profeinon. 

liar  property  and  virtue  \  tome  to  prevent  When  a  youth  is  grown  up  to  a  competent 

age. 


'.;    ,1 


(     ;.<! 


■  i 


■m 


ii,  ' 


Itl-'j.«  ,1 1.'  ■-    ■«■   ■. 


».  ■■: 


J;!;i::.  ■-!' 


!,''ll 


H*^ii| 


Ifl 


Z44 


y^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  III.  I  Chap,  i 


■a'omtn's 


BAiinorage,  lie  nnifl  fliift  for  himfclf,  and  as  op- 
^^V^portiinity  otllrs,  lays  up  all  he  can  ton ve- 
nitntly  fzct  a<;aiiilt  that  tinu',  whiili  the 
pr.rcnts  IllJoni  or  never  obftruft.  B^ing 
thus  liroi!j?,ht  up  to  their  fevcral  profeirions 
to  about  iweniy  years  of  age,  two  or 
rhree  of  tliefe  youths  will  aflbciate  ami 
keep  houfe  together,  working  for  thcm- 
felves  j  tiie  fulur,  if  he  is  able,  fomeiimes 
giving  his  fun  a  flavc  to  help  him  in  his 
calling. 

Thi-  women  brceil  tlieir  daughters  to  beat 
or  pounJ  the  corn  and  rice,  to  bake  bread 
iiid  drels  meat,  to  dean  the  houfe,  to  take 
care  of  their  parents  clotlus,  as  well  as  their 
own  ;  and  in  general,  to  all  parts  of  gooil 
iiouliwifry.  If  they  are  market-women, 
to  lell  their  provifuins ;  others  to  weave  mats, 
and  m.d<e  bisluts  of  Ihiin'd  rulliesof  \arioiis 
colour:,  b.d.ling,  coarfe  clotii  of  the  hairy 
bark  ot  pdmiiees,  fpin,  and  many  other 
ibrts  of  works  •,  wh.ich  thofe  girls,  ha\-ing 
good  natur.d  p\rts,  fo>)n  learn,  and  become 
]-erfect  in  tl-.em  :  tor  it  is  obfrv'd,  that 
til-'  t.niale  li  \'  af  th're  generally  more 
ingenious  and  mduitrious  than  the  mai.'s ;  fo 
that  the  m.iid.ii  >,  tho'  married  very  yoiing, 
are  ciuble  of  h'lufekceping,  and  heliiing 
their  liu-.b.;nd.  with  f)n)  ihiirj;  of  wii.u  iluy 
\  sj;ot  bv  ilii.:;-  work  before. 


>y  u 


X  A  M  n  s. 


chiUrtn  A  S  foonast!K'C'.7;/t;i',  or  pried,  has  blefs'd 
*'  «»'t  •*»■  the  child,  if  we  may  lo  call  it,  or  hung 
oimt,  ""^'"'""t  if  thofepr,  fervatives above  mention'd, 
the  next  thing  is  to  give  it  a  name.  If  the 
family  be  above  tlie  comirjon  rank,  the 
infmt  has  three  names  given  it  ;  the  firft  is 
the  name  of  the  d.iy  of  the  week  on  which 
it  is  born -,  the  next,  if  a  foil,  is  the  grand- 
father's name  ;  and  if  a  girl,  the  grand- 
mother's i  others  give  their  own  name,  or 
tli.ii  of  Ibme  of  their  Illations. 

At  ./,7-./,  the  parents  having  cali'd  toge- 
ther all  tlv  ir  fiiends,  i.ike  the  names  of  all 
the  comp.ny,  and  give  the  child  that  which 
is  born  by  moll  in  the  company. 

'I' HE  names  for  boys  are  commonly, 
//</;/;,  !-^',iq:ii,  .'^^ow,  Corbd,  Co'J},  &c. 
and  for  girls,  f.'.jv.w,  'J^mcu  Aqiwub.i,  ll:io, 
JfCci'uiJf'a,  -.v.d  iiiany  more.  Befides  thele 
names  of  their  own  lor  boys,  they  frequently 
add  our  chriltian  names,  as  y/bii,  /Iritony, 
Pfte'\  Jih  b,  Abrabair.,  uc.  being  proud 
of  thofe  EuroTe.v:  names ;  but  tiiat  is  prac- 
tifed  only  by  thofe  that  live  under  the 
protirtion  of  the  fort-,  on  thccoall, 

B; Titles  thofe  two  or  three  names  given 
them,  as  loon  as  born  and  confecrated  by 
the  pricll,  they  take  fcveral  others  as  they 
advance  in  years ;  tor  it  a  man  has  behaved 
himfelf  bravely  in  war,  he  receives  a  new 
name,  derived  from  thenc- ;  if  he  has  killed 
a  ravenoui  bcult,  he  lui  a  tame  to  tluc  ef- 


Ifhuiforti 


N»mn 
from 
aifuni. 


left  !  as  was  praftifed  by  the  ancient Ro/naw, 
who  iiad  performetl  any  great  exploits,  as 
in  Afrkanus,  Biiiaimicus,  PariH.ns,  Afia- 
ticus,  &c.  The  lame  was  ulld  among  the 
'Jews,  and  is  Hill  among  the  Nrzv- Eiiii^fand 
huiiaui,  who  call  themlelves  Si-Gii-7'i'iitl.\ 
Rua-dt'ib-To/i,  being  feveral  names  belong- 
ing to  one  man. 

The  titles  given  to  our  nobility  are  not\,,„,. 
known  among  thole  Africans,  nor  were  they  liiac.-i 
to  the  Ifrciditcs  ;  but  the  names  of  thele  fill 
had  Ibme  great  fignitication,  as  thole  of  the 
patriarchs.  The  name  of  God  entereil  into  the 
compofition  of  moll  of  them,  as  Elias  and 
Jo:l  .ire  compoled  of  the  two  names  of  God 
leverally  joined.  Jeboja/'l'tit,  or  Sd/ Inuiir  Ctiy- 
nilies  Gotl's  judgment  •,  Jot't'ilak  ov Sctlcihiab 
his jullicc  ;  'Jubanan  or  "Jtbn  and  Ilniuiniab, 
his  mercy  -,  Na'.hamifl,  l-Jini/rnn,  "Jon.ilhM 
and  N.ub.jiid,  imixirt  all  tour,  given  of 
tiod,  or  the  gilt  of  (iod.  .Sometimes  the 
name  of  Ciod  was  implied,  or  to  be  un- 
ilerflood,  as  in  Ntilh.n:  D.niif,  Obrd,  (Jzah, 
K:i\i,  as  appe.irs  by  E'iiZer,  0:i,-l,  Mms, 
&c.  where  it  is  expielTjd.  There  were  alio 
fome  inyflical  and  prophcti'.al  names,  as 
"Jojhuai  or  7o'/'',  and  ib.ofe  whii.h  O'.ah 
and  I'lVah  impofed  on  iluir  chihlreii  by 
God's  Ipcci.d  command.  Oiher  names  de- 
notctl  the  piety  of  their  paren's,  as  may 
be  teen  in  tiie  names  of  hav'uW  brethren, 
and  his  fons.  .Such  arc  the  names  which  our 
ignorance  of  the  language  makes  us  think 
barbarous;  and  certainly  much  better  than 
theextra\-agant  furnames  of  godfathers,  now 
Irequenily  giv;  n  to  childrv'n  lor  clirilli.m 
names,  lb  much  praifliled   in  Eiit;!a>i.l. 

It  would  t.ike  up  too  much  time  to  retiic 
all  the  naines  given  to /llncis,  and  the  oc- 
c.ifions  ot  them,  tome  ot  them  having  at 
leall  twenty  •,  the  piincipal  and  moll  ho- 
nourable of  which,  is  that  given  to  every 
one  in  the  market-place,  when  they  are  there 
iliiiiking  palm-wine  together  I  lowiver,  the 
common  name  they  go  by,  is  that  which  was 
given  them  at  their  birth.  There  are  Ibme 
alio  who  take  their  name  from  the  number 
of  their  mother's  chiUlren,  as  the  eighth, 
the  ninth,  the  tenth,  which  is  never  done 
unlefs  the  number  cxceeels  fix  or  fcvcn. 

C  1  K  c  u  iw  c  1  s  I  o  N, 

T  S  ufed  at  no  pl.tce  on  the  whole  coall, 
but  only  at  A<.ra,  where  infants  are  cir- 
cumcifcd  by  the  pricll,  at  the  fame  time 
that  they  receive  their  names-,  and  the  cere- 
mony is  iK-rlormed  in  the  prefence  of  all  the 
relations  of  both  fexes,  and  ends  with  danc- 
ing and  fealling. 

Matrimonial  State  up  the  Ini.anp. 
IT  Aving  given  an  account  of  the  mar- 
riages,  births,    and   education  of  the 
Blacks  along  the  coalt  j  ic  remains  that  1  lay 

foniL-' 


irr.tof 


to  i;v(.ry 

art  tlifiT 

|kvivcr,  die 

[whicli  \v.\s 

,ux'  Ionic 

ic  numbtr 

lie  eighth, 

■vir  ilone 

I  rcveii. 


jlc  co;i(l, 
jts  ;UT  cir- 
finic  time 
1  tiie  ctrc- 
lof  all  ilic 
lith  li.iiic- 


IInland. 

Ithc  m.ii- 
lin  of  the 
^lut  I  r.iy 


Chap.  18.  Coafit  of  SouTH-GvitfEk. 


M'i 


r.r:,rllt!l. 


PlirjJ'- 

,r.r,l  of 


Ibmething  of  the  behaviour  of  the  inland 
people  in  the  ftate  of  matrimony. 

It  has  been  declared,  that  the  Blacks  on 
tlic  co.ifl:  have  many  wives,  which  is  alio 
praftifed  up  the  inland  country  v  this 
multitude  of  wives  being  looked  upon  as 
the  chiefeft  glory  and  grandure  of  the 
husbands,  as  their  wealth  confifts  in  the 
number  of  flaves,  tho'  this  often  proves 
their  ruin,  every  man  being  obliged  to 
make  good  the  damage  done  by  his  (lave, 
in  cafes  of  theft  or  adultery,  according  to 
the  fine  impofed  for  his  crime,  and  10  be 
rcfponfible  for  their  children,  nephews,  and 
other  relations ;  but  this  lometimes  not  in 
the  whole,  becaufe  it  is  ufual  for  the  rela- 
tions to  help  one  another  by  mutual  con- 
tributions, every  one  according  to  his  cir- 
cnmftances  -,  ell'e  the  criminal  would  be 
condemned  to  llavcry  or  death. 

Ill  thole  inland  countries,  he  who  de- 
bauches a  married  woman  is  not  only 
ruined  himfelf,  but  his  relations  fufler  with 
him.  If  the  man,  whofe  wife  is  fo  de- 
bauched is  rich,  or  in  fome  confiderable 
poll,  he  will  not  be  fatisfied  with  ruining 

the  criminal,    but  will  do    his   utmoft  to 


eafy  to  conceive  how  infufHcient  he  muftBARBor. 
be  to  fatisfy  fo  many :    thence  it  is,  that  '^''V^' 
notwithftanding  the  feverities    they  incur, 
they  are  continually  contriving  to  get  the 
company  of    Ibme  other  men  1    and  they 
dreading  the  event,  are  not  eafily  brought 
to  comply  with  them:  which  puts  that  fex 
upon  ftudying  means  and  contrivances,  to 
allure  them  ;  and  fometimes,  if  they  chance 
to  get  a  young  brifk  fellow    alone,   they 
will  tear  the  clout  or  ItufF  which  covers   his 
middle  parts,    and  throw  themlelves  upon 
him  i  fwearing   that  if  he  will  not  iatisty 
their  defires,  tfiey  will  accuie  them  to  their 
husbands,    as  having  attempted  their  cha- 
flity.  And  tho'  he  were  as  chalte  as  Jofifh, 
being  feen  in  that  pofture,    it  would  little 
avail  to  plead  he  came  thither  by  chance, 
or  furprize -,  the  woman's  accufation  would 
prevail,    and  the  poor  wretch,  tho'  never 
lb  innocent,  would  fufllr  cruelly,   and  lofe 
his  life,  in  horrid  torments,  if  neither  he, 
nor  his  relations  were  able  to  attone  it  by 
great  fines. 

Others  of  thofe  lewd  women,  will  ob- 
ferve  the  place  where  the  perfon  on  whom 
they   caft    their  kiftful  eyes  ufed  to  fleep  i 


have  him  made  away.     If  the  offender  be     then  fteal  to,  and  lie  foftly  down  by  him 


»(.■>'■/; 


a  Have,   his  death  is  inevitable,    and  that 
in  the  moft  cruel  manner,  but  his  mafter 
mult  alfo  pay  a  fine  :  and  the  woman  is 
in  great  danger  of  her  life,  unlefs  her  re- 
lations do  pacify  her  husband  with  a  con- 
fiderable fum  of  money.     But  if  Ihe   has 
committed   adultery    with     her    husband's 
(lave,  flie  is  without  appeal  condemned  to 
die  with  her  adulterer,  and  her  parents  ob- 
lijTC'd  to  pay  her  husband  a  fum  of  money, 
l-'or    here  every   fuch   confiderable   BLnk, 
thus  injured,  is  properly  his  own  judge  -,  or 
it'  he   is    not  himlelf   ftrong    enough,    to 
lee    reparation     made    him,     his    friends 
join  and  affift  him,  they  being  lure  to  get 
ibnie  part  of  the  fines. 

Thole  Blacks   being   much   richer,  than 
the  others  that  live    near  the  coaft,    and 
aniongd  the  Europeans,  the  fines  are  car- 
ried to   four  or  five  thoufand  pounds  fter- 
ling,  for  the  crime  of  adultery.     Whereas 
■it  the  CiuldCoaJf,  no   man  whatfbever,  e- 
ven  a  king,  tho'  he  fhould  fell  all   he  has 
ip.  the  world,    could  raile   fuch  a  fum  of 
money    on    any  account  wlutibever,    cx- 
lepiinj^  the  kings  of  Aran,   and    ylquam- 
hr,  which  poflcl's  great  riches,   and  if  their 
wealth  was    joined   would    amount   to   a 
t^reaier  fum,  than  that  of  all  the  others  on 
the  co.ill  could  make  up  together. 

'I'lie  gicat  pupilhincnt  inflicted  here  on  wo- 
men tor  adultery, being  either  a  cruel  death, 
orexieliive  fines,  is  not  futficient  to  relhain 
'    their  lull ;  they  being  of  a  nature  lb  much 
'"  hotter  than  the  men  ;  and  ten,  fifteen,  or 
twenty  m.irried   all  to  one  husband  j  it  is 
Vol..  V. 


after  which  awaking  him,  they  ufe  all  their 
arts  to  bring   him  to  fatisfy  their  paffion : 
and  the  more  to  allure  him,  will  fwearand 
affure  him,    no  perlbn  whatever  knows  of 
their  coming  to  him,  and  that  they  can  re- 
tire   without   the    leaft   liilpicion  of  their 
husband,  or  any  other  perfon  i  adding,  if 
he  ftill  proves  inlenfiblc   to  gratify    their 
defires,  that  they  will  make  Inch  anoife, 
as   fhall  occafion  their  being  furprized  to- 
gether. Upon  svhich  proteflation  the  young- 
man  is  forced  to  yield,  and  fatisfy  the  lull- 
ful  woman  as  well  as  he  can :    and  if  this 
familiarity  can  be  kept  fome  time   fecret, 
they  perhaps  repeat  it  fo  often,  that  at  laft 
it  is  difcovered  ;  and  then  they  receive  the 
aforefaid  punifhments.      Thus    it  appears 
that   men  there  are  very  jealous  of  their 
wives,  and  aft  in  this  particular  with  too 
much  partiality  and  injuftice,  asnot  making 
it  reciprocal,  fince  they  themfelves  fpare  no 
coft  or  inducements  to  corrupt  the  wives 
or  daughters  of  other  men. 

For  how  jealous  fbever  the  women  may 
have  caufe  there  t  j  be  of  their  husbands, 
they  have  no  oriier  latisfaftion,  for  their 
many  infidelitie"- ,  than  to  lludy  to  wean 
them  from  tha  vice,  by  foft  and  tender 
admonitions  or  endearments,  none  of  thofe 
womci.,  cxce;  t  the  chief  wife,  daring 
to  chide  them  for  it.  Which  particu- 
lar prerogative  of  the  chief  wife,  tho'  ex- 
erted as  opportunities  do  offer,  charging 
them  levercly  on  that  head,  and  threatening 
to  torfake  their  houfe,  and  company,  if  they 
continue  that  vicious  courfe  ;  yet  it  muft 
K  r  r  bt 


■I  :f 


X' 


v:^m 


I  ■■(.  ' 


'[:  'III 


-iji 


m 


•■  '••  ii  ■4'UM 


24^ 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  III.  I  Chap,  i 


]      1  ■ 


1  rtil* 


I- 


u 


Mm 


Barhot  becionc  at  fuch  time  as  the  hiisb;ind  Teems 

^•/"VSi  to  be  in  a  good  temper,  eife  it  would  avail 

little,  and'lhc  might  perhaps  find  him  too 

■   hard  for  her,  or  give  little  ear  to  her  re- 

monftrances. 

When  married  women  have  their  ullial 
courfcs,  they  are  reputed  fo  unclean,  that 
they  mult  be  lep.iratetl  from  their  husbands, 
and  kept  in  a  Imail  hut  near  theirs,  or  their 
own  father's  houfe. 

If  a  man  gets  a  child  by  iiis  (lave,  whe- 
ther married  to  iier  or  not,  his  heirs  will 
look  upon  it,  anti  keep  it,  only  as  a  (lave  •, 
lor  wlueh  rtalbn,    tliole  who  have  a  tender 


affeftion  for  their  flaves,  will  take  care  to 
make  tiicir  children  free,  with  the  ufual 
ceremonies,  before  they  die  i  after  which, 
fuch  children  are  treated  as  free  pcrfons,  in 
every  particular,  amongft  the  people. 

I  defire  to  be  excufed,  if  the  variety  of 
fubjefts,  which  occur  to  my  memory,  makes 
me,  perhaps,  not  treat  of  them  in  that 
order  as  is  rcquifite;  and  being  now  upon 
giving  an  account  of  women  in  general, 
either  married  or  unmarried,  concubines,  or 
harlots,  I  Oiall  refer  what  more  is  to  be 
laid  of  them  to  the  next  chapter. 


A  y'Ar'i 

confine' 

mint. 


I.opfe 


Mfre  wd- 
nirn  iliAn 
well. 


>■:, 


C  H  A  P.     XIX. 

Ceremony  obferv'd   with  fruitful  'u.-omen ;  fingle  men.  and   -jjomen--,    publtck 
harlots.    Right  of  inheritance  -,  language  •■,  degrees  of  people.    Mnlattoes. 


Cni'.cMONV  a(7/j  Frl'itful  Women. 

IT  is  the  culom  in  the  country  of  /Inla, 
v.heii  a  woman  has  born  tin  chil-lrcn, 
to  keep  feparate  from  her  husband  in  a  Imall 
hut,  remote  from  thi-concouri'e  of  people, 
for  a  whole  year,  where  Ihe  is  very  carefully 
provided  with  all  manner  of  neeeffaries  to 
maintain  her.  When  that  time  is  elapled, 
and  all  ceremonies,  ufual  on  that  occafion, 
perform'd,  flie  returns  to  her  fpoule's  houfe, 
to  live  with  him  as  flie  did  before.  This 
pr.-.dico  is  fo  fingular  in  it  felf,  th.it  it  muft 
neeils  proceed  from  fome  fuperllitious  no- 
tion, wiiieh  we  can  give  no  account  of  ; 
but  only  tliat  it  is  pecidiar  to  /liilti. 

Single  Men  a>i/l  Women*. 
CEveral  of  both  fexes  here  live  fingle,  at 
Ic.ilt  for  fome  time  ;  tho'  commonly 
the  Jiumber  of  females  exceetls  that  of  fingle 
men  ;  becaufe  they  live  more  pleafant  .'iid 
free  unmarried,  than  they  Ihoultl  it  weddeil : 
and  perhaps  have  the  more  liberty  to  enjoy 
the  company  of  men.  Women  of  that 
temper,  atcerwaril  ufually  marry  anionic  the 
common  peo[)le,  with  whom  they  may  more 
fdlly  continue  tiiis  vicious  courfe  oi'  \'\t\-  ; 
tin:  meaner  fi/wt/i-j  being  lefs  provok'd  atrhe 
infi;lelity  of  their  wives  than  the  better  l()rt. 

y\noiher  reafon  alfo  may  be,  that  there 
being  very  inany  more  women  than  men, 
tliey  mult  wait  the  opportunity  of  being 
.isked,  to  marry.  And  in  the  mean  while, 
tliey  fuisfy  their  fenfuality,  v/itliout  incur- 
ring the  feandalous  name  ol  whores,  but  are 
raihrr  look'd  upon  as  the  better  fitted  tor 
weilloek,  by  many  B!iiik.'  who  are  not  rich  ; 
and  thus  ihey  can  wait  thi  ofiportunity  of 
Ix  ing  asked  in  marriage,  with  more  latis- 
taCtion. 

Few  of  the  nun  die  urim.irricd,  unlefs 
\My  yr)ung  i  but  commonly  take  a  wile  as 
loon  as  they  can  raife  msney  to  defray  tiie 


wedding-charges  ■,  whi''-  as  I  have  f.iid 
before,  being  to  very  ineonfiderable,  they 
foon  fpeed.  But  the  children  of  the  chief, 
or  rich  fort  of  people,  are  generally  married /"/w; 
before  they  are  able  to  niake  dilUni!:lion  of'"'"''''' 
fexes  i  when  the  parents  or  relations  are  in- 
clineil  to  it,  and  want  no  money.  There 
are  alio  feveral  families,  which  interchange- 
ably marry  their  childnn,  almolt  as  loon 
as  they  are  born,  without  any  other  forma- 
lities, but  the  confent  and  agreement  of  botli 
parties,  willing  to  be  more  nearly  allied. 

I'u  ni.  1  CK  Harlots. 

Cl'A'cral  women  never  marry,  but  take  the 
'^  chara(5ter  and  profelVion  of  publiek 
whores,  for  the  Mdmcrocs  or  batehelors  -, 
as  is  <  ommonly  feen  in  the  countries  of  If- 
J'rin;  or  Axine,  l'.iU.va,  .-/hniot-,  .■/i:t^J'ri\ 
Axlm,  Aiita,  antl  /■/</  m  ;  where  feveral  wo- 
men in  each  lountry  are  initiated  in  that 
ir.nic,  after  ihiMiianner. 

The  Mdi'.-ercr!;  or  batchdors,  having  pr- 
titioned  the  Cnhociirce!,  or  rulers  of  their 
towns  or  villages,  to  (et  up  a  publtck  'wbnresitHfh, 
for  I  heir  ule  ;  the  Cnboccirnes  accordingly,  "wtmir 
or  fomLtimes  the  A/rtWf'T»f;,  with  their  con- 
fent, buy  a  beautiful  woman  flave,  who  is 
brought  to  the  puhlick  market-place,  ac- 
companied with  another  already  of  that  pro- 
fefTion,  to  inlfiuft  her  in  the  mylteries  of 
her  trade:  after  which, the  novice  is  lineared 
all  ov.  r  with  earth  ;  and  then,  thev  make 
fever  d  oHerings  for  her  good  fucccfs,  and 
bett'T  performances  in  the  courl'eof  her  em- 
ployment ther'^atter.  This  being  done,  a 
littl  ■  boy,  yet  unri()e  lor  atts  of  love,  make< 
a  repretentation  of  lying  with  her  in  the 
fight  of  all  the  people  there  preleiit ;  and 
then  it  is  declared  to  her,  that  thenceforth 
file  is  obliged  to  receive  all  perlbns  with- 
out iliftindion,  even  boys,  that  fhall  defire 
her  company.     Then  the  harlot  is  condu(^led 

to 


;f-?^ 


imm 


o 0 K  III.  I  Chap.  19-         Coajls  of  Sou t h-G u  i n e  a. 


247 


ik> 


iviii!.;  p:'- 

n{  their 

■h  ti'hnrtsukfit 
ordingly,"*''''"^ 
rhcir  cm- 

who  is 
l.ue,  ,11-- 
thar  pro- 
erics  ot 

(mc.iro' 
cv  m.\ki; 

cfs,  and 

licr  em- 
done,  a 

c,  maki'-- 

r  in  the 

■nt  •,  and 

?nciforth 

IIS  with- 

ill  dcfirc 

luliii^led 

to 


vrJ'" 
1,1: 'Ji' 4 


to  a  final!  hut,  builc  for  her,  a  litti;:  out 
ot  the  way,  and  there,  for  eight  or  ten 
days  together,  lies  with  every  man  that 
comes  to  her:  at  the  expiration  of  which 
liinj,  (Tie  has  the  name  of  her  profefllon, 
/Ibrak'-i't'.',  or  Ahdrcrr,  whii  ii  imports  Com- 
mon IVbort' ;  and  has  a  dwi'lling-placc  af- 
fiiTiied  her,  near  one  of  her  mailers,  or  in 
a  particular  place  nt  tiie  town,  where,  during 
her  lift",  (lie  is  obliged  to  deny  no  perlon  tiic 
ufe  of  her  body,  tho'  he  ofTers  never  io 
final!  afum  for  her  reward  ;  whicii  fuin  fel- 
doin  is  above  a  penny  :  if  any  give  more,  it 
is  their  free-will  or  civility,  becuife  fome, 
perhaps,  may  be  better  pleafed  with  Ivr 
company  than  others. 

I'',acli  of  the  above-mentioned  towns  has 
two  or  three  Kich  /lb rub.;-:,  according  to 
the  number  of  the  inhabitants.  The  money 
thole  wenches  get,  by  their  Ibrditl  prol'litu 
tion,  they  carry  to  their  mailers,  who  allow 
them  as  much  out  of  it  as  is  nccelTiiry  to 
luhfill  and  clotiie  them. 

In  the  countries  along  the  Coajl  from  ^la- 
qui  to  .Isim,  they  have  three  fuch  Abra- 
I'V'i  in  each  town,  let  up  by  the  governors, 
and  yielding  them  confiderable  profits. 
f-hi'(j(  jivery  Bhick,  who  pallls  through  the  mar- 
'  " "" '  ket-place,  where  thele  whores  dwell,  being 
obliged  to  give  them  I'ome  few  gold  Kra- 
kn\  tliere  thefe  publick  women  hive  alio 
the  privilege  to  take  what  provifions,  or 
ckitlies  they  can  lay  their  hands  on,  without 
iniivanity  i  nor  are  thiy  to  be  denied  it,  in 
fo  great  favour  and  elleem  they  are. 

Among  the  other    ceremonies  praflifed 
for  inllallmg  them  in  that  protefTion,  which 
are   like  thofe  already    mcntion'd,  the  of- 
lering  to  be  made  is  a  hen,    which    when 
killed,    they  cut  the  bill  of  it,  and  fo   let 
it  bleed  on  the  woman  -,    but  to  what  pur- 
pole,  I  know  not,  only  that  the  lUacks   fiy 
it  fignifies,  flic   will  not  be  afliamed  of  her 
profell'ion,  of  which  Hie  maketh  a  publick 
declaration,  to  all  the  people  prefect 
\o-:n<si     Thele  common  women  daily  pollituting 
themfelves  to  abundaiv;c  ot  men  Ibund,  or 
iinfoiin  1  •,  live  in  perpeiiia!  danger  of  being 
inLct-d  with  the  foul  difeafc,  which  they 
ll'ldo:n  tfcape  :  and  when  once  they  have 
it,  no  body  takes  any  care    of  them,  nor 
tiie  mailers    tluy  belong  to  ,  who  feeing 
th  ir  profit  at  an  ciul,    negleil  them:  and 
tiius  forlaken,  thele  unhappy  wretches  live 
a^  miferable  a  life  for  a  while,  as  their  end 
IS  dejilorable. 
|f::™r,/      On  the  contrary,  as  long  as  thefe  women 
are  in    their  prime,    frelli,    ant!   healthy  ■, 
they  are  much  regarded  and  eiteemed  by 
all   p  Tlons  •,  inlhmuch  that  wlien  the  faiflor 
at  jxiin,  lor  iiillance,   has  any  controvi  rfy 
wiih    tlie   liiuks    there,    lie   has  no  better 
w.iy  to  bring    them  to  a  reafonable   com- 
puiiiion,  tlian  by  takin[;  one  of  thole  ///'.■• 


lixrrs,  into  liis  cuftody,    in  the  fort.     ForBAnnoT. 
as  foon  as  the  Miuneroes  hear  it,  they  wait  ^^'V^^ 
with  great    eagcrnels  on  the  Ca'wcerors,  to 
ret]uire  him  to  give  the  tattor  fatisfaftion, 
that  he    may  let  their  harlot  at  liberty  a- 
gain  :  urging  for  their  reafon,  that  during 
her    confinement,    fuch  as  have  no  wives 
will  be  prompted  to  run  the  danger  of  ly- 
ing with  married  women.     And  it  has  been 
leen   there  on   the    like  occafion,  that  th'; 
whole     town   came  upon  their  knees,    to 
intreat  the  taftor  to  leleafc  them  ;  and  a- 
mong  them,  feveral  who  had  no  particular 
interell  in  it.      And  it  may  truly  be  laid, 
that  it  is  not  polTilile   to  .illlicl  a  land   or 
town  more  fenfibly  than   by   fei/.ing  their 
Ab/iikiyes.       Whereas     it    alio    happened 
there,  that  when  the  fador  had  feized  and 
confined,  five  or  fix  Cabnc'voes  in  the  fort, 
tho'  they   are  the  magiftrates  among  the 
Blacks,   fcarce  any  body,  bcfidcs  their  own 
relations,  was  concerned  for  rliem. Through- 
out all  the  lands  of  Full,  they  have  a  vaft 
num^    r  ot  thofe  publick  women  :  there  you 
may  fee  an  incredible  number  of  huts,  not 
above  ten    foot  long  and  fix  broad,    near 
the  great  roads,  through  the  whole  toun-  Hurhts 
try,  in  which,  on  certain  appointed  days, ''/foj /»• 
thofe    women     wait     for   any   body  that'?'"'"''- 
his  occafion   to  make  ufe  of  tliem  ;    and 
they  are  very  many,  the  country  being  ex- 
treamly    populous,    both    in    freemen  and 
(laves,    and    the  married  women  kept   up 
very  (Irid.     It  is  eafy  to  judge,  that  thefe 
wom:n  on  fuch  days  have  very  much  bufi- 
nefs  upon  their  hand-^  ;  and  it  is  reported 
there  for  a  certain  truth,  that  Ibmc  of  them 
have  had  the  company  of  thirty  men  in  a 
day,  at  the  common  price  ot  three   Rocf- 
jes  ("or  Ciiiirn]  a  fort  of  litcle  white  (lulls, 
of  the  Md.'clny  ifiands  in  the  Er.Jl-bidiei, 
wliich  are   there   the  current  money,  and 
thofe  three  Cauiis  may    perhaps    cofl    us 
about  a  fartliing  ;  and  this  is  the  fet  price, 
lor  every  man  that  wants  the  company  of 
thofe  harlots,    and  their  liibfiltance,  befidcs 
whar  they   can   earn  on    other    days,    by 
moic  hon.'ll  ind^iltry  and  work  :  tor  being 
at  their  own  difjioial,  and  not  Ibleinnly  in- 
itiateil    to   this  profellion,    as  at  the  Gold 
Ccqil,  fo  they  have  no  overlecrs  to  account 
with  1  but  they  are  generally  appointed  for 
the  publick  iile,  by  Ibme  of  the  mod  con- 
fiderable women,  as  legacies  on  their  death- 
bed; it  being  ufual  tor  them  to  buy  (one 
fine  femaleflaves  to   that  purpofe,  out    it 
a   charitable  defign,  as  is  fuppofed,  belie*  - 
ing  rhey  lliall   receive  their  reward   In  tho 
other  world  •,   and  confequently  the  more 
ot  fuch  harlots  they  profent  to  the  publick, 
the  greater  their  reward  fliall   be. 

Thefe  harlots  having  more  bufinels  on 
their  han-K  there  commonly,  than  the  others 
on  the  Goiil   Coajly  ot  confequcnce  involve 

them- 


'■U 


Z48 


^  Befn'iption  of  the 


Book  III  I  Ch a: 


BARBoT.themfelves  in  more  milery  than  tFrv  ;  by 
^''V^^  having  to  do  with  more  unfound  ii'  mu 
accordingly  like  them  come  to  a  wretc!'ed 
miicrable  end,  and  lometinies  '..'ry  young 
too  :  feldoni  any  arriving  to  a  mode  .Ue 
age. 

Tiiis  infamous  prafticc  of  publick  profti- 
tutes  is  of  a  very  ancient  date,  as  may  be  in- 
ferred from  ihe  hillory  of  Judab,  and  la 


InheritaviB, 


Tf  •  H  E 
*    Gold 


igiu  of  inheritance  all  over  the 
"■oajl,  except  at  Acra,  is  very 
icraprely  ;.ctledv  for  the  children  born  iegi- 
ritnate,  never  inherit  tiieir  parents  effefts. 
Tiie  brothers  and  fdtcrs  chilJrcn  ari  the 
lawful  heirs:  and  all  that  the  Ion  of  a  kin-r 
ot  Brciffo,  or  Ciiboitiro,  has  of  right,  is  his 


mar    his   eldeft    fon    Er's  widow,    {Gen.    deccafcd  fatiier's  office,  his  Ihield  and  cymi 
-     -   '^  ■  ter,  but  no  goods,  chattels,  or  muney  :  un- 

Icfs  his  fuht  r,  which  feldom  happens,  out  of 
his  tender  affeiflion  in  his  life-time  beftow 
fomethirc;  on  iiim  very  fecretly  ;  fjt  if 
it  come;  to  be  dilcovered  after  his  ileceali;, 
tiiey  will  force  the  fon  to  return  it  to  the 
laft  penny. 

The  brothers  and  fillers  children  do  no: 
jointly  inherit,  but  the  eideft  fon  of  his  mo- 
ther is  heir  to  his  mother's  brother,  or  her 
Ton,  ji  the  eldeft  daughter  is  heirefs  of  htf 
mother's  filler  or  her  daughter.  'I'hc  father 
himielf  nor  his  relations  as  brothers,  fiftcrs, 


xxxvin.  14,  to  2;?.)  Tamar  put  her  wi 
dow's  garments  off  from  her,  and  covered 
her  with  a  vail,  and  wrapped  herlclt,  and 
fat  in  an  open  place,  which  is  by  the  way 
to  Timnutb :  and  Jml^h  feeing  her,  thought 
her  to  be  an  harlot,  beeaufe  fhe  had  covered 
her  tacc.  And  he  turned  unto  her  by  the 
way,  and  having  agreeil  with  her  for  her 
price,  and  given  her  iiis  fignet,  bracelets, 
and  Italf,  for  a  pMge  of  the  kid  from  the 
flock,  he  had  agreed  to  give  her,  and  fo 
came  in  unto  her,  and  Ihe  conceived  by 
him,  isXi,     In  whicii,  Tamar  followed  the 


ufage  of  the  common  harlots  amongft  the    i^(-  •'lave  no  claim  to  the  goods  of  the  de- 

ceafed. 

In  fome  places,  the  wife  of  the  deceafed 
is  obliged  to  give  over  to  his  brother,  if 
-ny,  or  his  father,  if  living,  all  the  effefts 
he  had,  without  relerve  for  herfelf  or  his 
ciii;:Jren  •,  and  in  cafeof  a  married  woman's 
ilrtUii,  her  husband  muft  refund  all  he  re- 
ceived from  her  Jarents  for  her  portion. 
Tlius  whatfoever  v  ay  it  is,  the  children  arc 


Adullamiics,  a  pagan  nation,  amongft 
whom  Jitdab  and  "Tamar  dwelt  ;  in  whofe 
country  Hebron  was  fituated,  who  allowed 
of  publick  harlots,  to  let  witii  a  vail  on  the 
high  roads,  for  the  ufe  of  travellers.  On 
the  other  hand,  thofe  Aiullamite  idolaters 
accounted  fornication  as  a  thing  difhonHl, 
vicious,  and  infamous,  as  may  be  inferred 
from  the  expreffion  of  Judib  himlblf,  after 


his  friend  and  own  god-father  Hin:  the  'eft  lo  unprovided  that  they  muft  hire 
Adullamite,  by  whom  he  had  fent  the  pro-  themfelves,  as  fha.'l  be  faid  hereafter,  to 
mifed  Kid  to  Tamar,  whom    he   all  along    fubfift  :  for  there  no  body  is  allowed  to  beg, 


thought  a  publick  harlot ;  and  he  had  re- 
}>oried  to  him,  he  could  not  find  the  woman, 
Ihe  being  gone  away,  and  having  Li  id  by 
her  vail  :  Let  ber  take  it,  (meaning  me 
pl<=dgcs  he  li  id  given  her)  to  her,  lejt  u:e  he 
ajhai/h'd.  -A^  'i  he  would  have  faiil,  left  by 
makin.T,  oi  iuiv>  inquiry  after  her,  to  have 
theafoiVi.ud  liii'gs  returned ,  we  ilifcover 
the  vicit  ■:,  ..ct  i  have  committed  with  a 
publick  harlot  on  the  high  way,  which 
Would  turn  to  my  diftionour,  amongft  the 
inhabitants  of  the  country. 

'Ihe  cuftom  of  the  Adullamites  publick 
harlots,  was  to  beautify  their  laces,  and 
being  covered  with  a  vail,  to  fit  on  a  high 
way  where  two  roads  parted.  It  is  appa- 
rent by  the  pafiliges  of  the  firft  of  Kings 
chap.  XV.  12.  and  chap.  xxii.  47.  that  in 
the  reigns  of /^'ii,  and  of  '/ehofafjhat,  kings 
of  Judah,  the  Ifraelites  alloweil  men  to 
make  a  trade  of  a  publick  proftitution  of 
themfelves  to  Sodomy :  which  is  yet  far 
more  criminal.  It  is  true.  Aid  took  away 
the  greateft  part  of  thefe  Soilomites  out  of 
tlie  land,  and  Jebofapbat,  the  remnant  of 
them. 


beg, 
therefore  the  father  in  his  life-time,  if  he 
has  any  puernal  affeilion,  tho'  ever  fo  rich, 
will  have  them  trained  up  to  Ibme  profef- 
fion,  to  ferve  them  in  that  extremity. 
Ana,  as  I  faid  ab^ve,  is  the  only  place, 
where  the  children  are  tin;  fole  lawful  heirs 
to  their  father's  or  mother's  elfefts  ;  ex- 
( ept  in  point  of  fuccefllon  of  the  crown, 
wiiit  h  by  law  devolves  to  the  deceafed  king's 
eideft  brotiier,  or  filler's  husband,  in  de- 
fault of  the  former. 

It  is  fupppoled  the  Blacks  in  this  parti- 
cular follow  the  maxim  of  Ibme  eaftcrn 
nations  of  the  Indies,  which  adopt  their 
fillers  children,  to  inherit  tiieir  dignity  and 
eftedts ;  beeaufe  they  cannot  queftion  fuch 
being  of  their  own  blood  :  whereas,  they 
can  have  no  pofuive  certainty  that  tiieir 
own  wives  have  not  committed  adultery  at 
one  time  or  other,  anil  born  children  of  a 
rtrange  blood  ;  but  oi  this  more  hcrcafrjr, 
concerning    fuccefhon   to  the  regal  olRce, 

Language, 

'pH  O'  the  Cold  Coiijl  be  but  of  a  fm.ilh-n  ir 

extent,  as   has  been  ftiown,  yet  have ' i''' ""• 

they  feven  or  eight  languages,  lb  ilirtercntf"'^2'' 


from 


jfi.. 


m 


■jti ' 


H.  -i 


Chap,  ij?-         Coajis  of  South-Guinea. 


24P 


tills  p.irti- 
\e  ealtcrn 
lopt  their 
igriky  ami 
Ition  inch 
LMS,  they 
h.ic  their 
dultery  .it 
idren  ot  .i 
hcrciftjr, 
'il  odicc. 


ji  A  fnMlls.-."" 
yet  have'i"  '"■■ 
,  airtcrcntf,j,;,„; 
froni/fj.!. 


fropioiie  another,  thit  tlnce  or  fourof  them 
at-  unintel!iiJ,blc  to  any  but  the  r^l'p'.clivc 
nativL'S.  The  people  of  the  coun'rv '■■'led 
'Junmore,  'wclve  lea[i;"ts  .vtlb  ot  Anim, 
r.uinot  ui-.tlt-rftam'  the  language  of  Egivba, 
/Inro'cr,  /Ibocrcc,  and  Axiiii  ;  and  thole  be- 
tween Cijrm,)it\>i,  and  ,-hra,  have  alio  four 
fiveril  dialed(s,  tho'  there  are  but  twenty 
leagu;s  diilanee  Ironi  the  t'ornier  to  the 
liUer. 
JMMtr/  The  Aviiii  idiom  has  a  very  dilagreeable 
1  J.  brutilli  Ibund  ;  that  of  Aula  is  fweeter  and 
more  jile,>fing,  tho'  not  very  beautiful  nci- 
tlur.  But  that  of  Aim  i'  the  word  of  all, 
anil  tliK  niolt  fliocking,  and  nothing  like 
any  cl  t*i»-  •'■'''" 

The  language  oi'  the  inland  ii.'drh  of 
D.akirii  ^Ikim,  AJom,  And  Aictiin,  ismucli 
pleafanter,  and  more  agreeable ;  as  any 
perlon  of  but  indiiliicnt  judgment  may 
foon  diicern  -,  and  not  (Mily  better  (ound- 
int^,  but  more  inrdligibk-,  and  might  be 
learned  very  well  in  a  tew  years  :  where- 
as thole  on  the  coalt  can  learee  b.-  attained 
in  t'  n  years,  to  any  p-erkc'iion  ;  the  Ibund 
ot  ibilie  words  being  ii)  Ibange,  that  it 
i,  extremely  difficult  to  cxpiels  them  by 
Euro;caii  letters,  and  more  particularly  by 
the  Englijh  alphabet  :  the  iironunciation 
of  letters  being  in  £«!:;'//?' of  another  found, 
than  they  are  in  all  other  nations  of  F.u- 
ropf.  And  fince  the  iilucka  can  neither 
write  nor  read,  and  have  no  ule  of  any 
charafters,  it  is  conlet]uently  impollible  to 
ixprefs  their  faults,  and  as  difficult  to  learn 
their  language,  in  two  or  three  years,  of 
lonlfant  practice  amongft  thenv,  tor  many 
luve  livtil  there  ten  years,  and  yet  could 
not  iinderftand  and  fpeak  it  to  perl'eCtion, 
nor  Icarce  hit  the  pronunciation. 

The  I'etu  1  mguagc  being  moll  general- 
'^  uniierlbjo  1  at  the  Co'd  Coajl  amongft 
the  Blacks,  as  I  have  faid  b.  fore  •,  1  have 
made  a  coUec^tion  of  feme  familiar  words 
and  phrafes,  which  (hall  be  found  in  the 
fupplement  :  and  it  the  letters  and  vowi  Is 
are  pronounced  as  in  l-'iyiul'-,  I  doubt  not 
but  a  BLuk  will  underllanil  it,  wlun  fo 
founded  and  cxpreHed.  1  lad  1  liv«l  any 
conliderable  time  among  them,  I  had  col- 
lertcd  a  much  greater  number  ot  phrafes 
and  words,  to  help  lea-faring  men  in 
llieir  commerce  with  the  n.itives  of  the 
(kid  Coajl ;  befidi  ^  the  otliir  language;, 
in  which  we  can  talk  to  them:  lor  m,my 
of  the  coaft  BLuki  fpeak  a  little  Eii«!ijh, 
or  Diitih  ;  and  tin-  the  molt  part  fpeak 
to  us  in  a  fort  of  Lingua  Fra)i((i,  oi  bro- 
ken Portugucfe  and  French. 

De  O  R  E  K  s  oi'  B  L  .A  r  K  s. 
jDEfore  I  proceed  any  faniierin  dcfcribing 
the  manners  and  culloms  of  the  Blaih, 
both  in  civil   and   religious    refpccts  ;     I 
Vol.  V. 


think  !i  conveni  nt,  firft,  to  mike  fomeliA-  r. 
•rener.d  obiervations  of  ^<l  fevtr'l  d'l''  .cs  '•j'V"  -^ 
die/ h\.j  amotJi  r'r:,n,  which     re  l.vc 

In  the  fTil  'an'  ,  pre  their  kings  jr  cap-Ki«,j  w 
tains,    the    word  being  there  fynonimoiis  sr»,',<n'. 
for  as  I  have   before  obferved,    the  Bi.icki 
never  tiled   to  give  th.ir  chiefs  or  p.in.  t 
pals  any  other  title  than   th.U   of  .vyfrv.:! 
and  captian,  before  the  Kuiopeans    .'.mc  ^i 
mong  them. 

The  fecond  rank,   inufl  be  given  to  (.h;ir  ;!«,•' 
chief  2;oveinours  or  magiltrates,  in  civil  af  '•'■'•'"■ 
fairs  1  whole  province  it  is  only  to  adminf  h 
juftice,    and    fee    order  kept   under    their 
kings,  in  the  reii  eclivc  towns  or  villages. 
Thefc  are  called  Cahccitoci,  or  chief  men. 

The  thiril  degree,  is  ot  thofe,  who  ei- «''■*  mf 
ther  by  inheritance  or  their  own  indulfry  ■"■  »"'''"• 
in  rraffirk,  are  poflMled  of  much  money, 
and  many  fl  ives:fucii  are  improperly  theno- 
bles  of  their  country  •,  I'.n.l  tho'  it  cannot 
be  very  well  maile  o  it,  that  thev  ha\c  any 
particul.ir  lenl'e  or  knowLdg  ;  ol' noliility, 
ill  th:  manner  as  it  is  .icquired  amoiigll 
t'..'  iioliie  nations  of  the  world,  by  fome 
hfi,<ck  aftions,  or  eminent  lersiecs  per- 
formed for  the  advantage  of  their  coun- 
try ;  yet,  I  fhall  not  fcruple  to  call  thefe 
rich  Ruuks  nobles ,  tho'  fome  perlons 
leem   to  ridicule  it. 

The  fourth  order   of  BLiki,    imid    be  Cmimont. 
the  common   people  •,  that  is,  fiihcr-men, 
husband-men,  wine-drawers,   weavers,  and 
other  mechanicks. 

In   the  fifth  and  laft  rank,  I  jdace  \.\v  st.r.ts. 
(laves,  whether  become  fo  by  poverty,  or 
fold  by  their  rehuions,  or  taken  in  w.ir. 

As  to  the  lirll  degi^o,  the  dignity  of  king  Dticmt  i' 
or  captain,  in  molf  countries  ilef -ends  by  '''  "•«»"■ 
inlKritanee  from  th  lather  to  die  ion,  ani': 
in  default  of  fuch  iHuc,  to  the  .i-XL  i.cr- 
male.  In  lome  other  coiinti'  >,  t  eiicl.v'.l. 
man  in  flave^  ami  money,  i)  'oe  pret.r- 
red  before  the  right  heir,  -  he  i>  poor. 
I  fh.i  11  fpeak  of  i lie  inaugur.uin;-  ot  il.  !■■ 
kings  hereafter. 

'I'he    I  lOnd    degree,    viz.      uie     '  </      clmce  o] 
ceiriei.     .    magiftrates,   are  generally  ,::ni- »"•«'- 
ted  to      certain   let  number,  cholen   from^''''""- 
among  the  commonalty,  ,iiid  are  genei   liy 
perlons    pretty    well    advanced    in   years ; 
young  men  arc  feldom  or  never  put   into 
fuch  an  ofiice.     According  to  th.:  ( jlfom 
at    Axim,    th       andidates  tor    fach  offKe, 
'     ill   be  n;itives  ot    the  country,  ani.i  liv- 
ing or  at  leatl  keeping  a  hoiile  there,  in- 
habiteil   by  one  or  more  of'  his  wives,  or 
by    fome  of    his  tiimily,    and  he    hinifclf 
reliding   there  alio.    Sometimes  there,   on 
occafion  of  a<lding  one   or   more  C'..'/'  cc-:- 
to  s    to    tiic  alfcmblv  or   common  councii 
of  the  town,  he  or  they  are  brought  to  the 
Dutih  fadlor  in  the   fort  ;  v/uh  a   requell 
that  .'  ■h,  or  fuch,  may  be  admitted  mio 
.S  I  f  the,; 


"vtnill^ii^ii 


::^;o 


A  Dejtriftim  of  the 


Book  HI. 


:i  I 


A"  li  i 


(•: '■  :•;*■ 


It') 


Bar  HOT.  their  faid  common-council,  the  Dutch  there 
^■^Y>^  iuving  the  right  of  fovi-reigny  over  thole 
Blacks.  If  the  fiiftor  has  nothing  to  objea 
againrt  the  perlbn,  lie  adminiftcrsiin  aath  to 
hjrn  on  ihe  bible,  to  he  ever  true  to  zhcDuUb 
nation  in  cverv  rcipti^l,  and  to  aicl  and  afTift 
them  to  the  utmoll  oi  his  power  againll 
all  their  enemies  whatloever,  Evropeans  or 
Black,  like  a  loyal  lubjeft.  After  wi>ich 
the  fartor  caiifes  him  to  take  nnotlicr 
oath,  rdiu-fting  his  own  country-men  ttml 
fiwtion  :  which  being  done,  lie  obliges  him 
to  confirm  ;'n4  ratify  thefe  two  formal 
onthfi,  by  this  imprecation ;  '//!'((/  God 
wmldftriife  bin  dead,  if  he  fivore  contrary 
to  hii  iiiteniio'Kf,  rr  doth  not  keep  his  oath. 
Thv'nihe  bibk-  is  held  on  his  breaft,  and 
laid  on  liis  head,  by  way  ofl'  farther  con- 
fi-mation  of  all  tnc  forriwr  obligatory 
oaths  and  impra-ation.  Afrcr  which,  hi^ 
name  is  rtgiftcred,  and  the  Dutch  r^over- 
noOT  acknowltxiges  him  a  m(nil>er  ot  their 
affcm'ily,  and  admits  him  to  ill  the  rights, 
j)rivH!gcs,  and  advantage',  luionging  there- 
to: and  iiaving  made  tlie  due  preiints  to 
his    brethren,    ne   is    a    Cutocriro    during 

At  other  places  not  fubjeA  to  the  Dutch 
government,  lbn>e  ot  their  C/iboceiroes  dy- 
ing, and  the  vac.uuies  .lot  licing  filled, 
when  ill  their  alTembly  they  find  the  mtm- 
bers  of  them  too  finall,  they  chiifc  others, 
as  h;is  boen  faid,  out  of  the  commonalty, 
perfons  in  years,  and  lb  put  them  into 
office.  TIk'  perfons  tinis  ncminatctl,  are 
to  treat  th-  brethren  of  the  common- 
coiinril,  with  a  cow,  and  fome  drink  -, 
which  being  done,  tlicy  are  ir/o  failo  ad- 
mitted and  confirmed. 
Cri.yhiiflf  As  to  the  tiiird  rank  of  Blacks,  whether 
we  coiifider  them  as  nobles,  tlio'  they  may 
not  be  properly  focaM'd,  as  having  no  no- 
tion ot  that  true  nobility  which  is  the  re- 
ward of  great  publick  fervices,  or  barely 
as  rich  men,  by  inheritance,  or  induftry  ; 
it  is  to  be  obferved,that  the  Bltuhs  in  general 
do  all  they  can  to  acciuire  a  reputation,  or 
great  name  among  their  countrymen.  At 
fome  ph'ces,  wlien  a  Black,  wlni  tliinks  he 
h.as  money  enough  to  defray  the  expences 
ufually  made  at  the  inftalling  himfelf  into 
this  third  order,  and  has  propopjd  his  defign 
to  the  king  or  Cnhoceiroe  of  his  village  or 
town,  the  principal  men  appoint  a  day  for 
the  publick  ceremony  v  at  which  time,  the 
man  brings  a  cow  to  the  market-place,  or, 
if  he  is  not  rich  enough,  a  dog,  or  a  goat. 
Then  he  fends  to  all  the  noblemen  of  tlie 
place,  and  to  his  other  friends,  a  little  gold, 
and  a  hen,  to  each  of  them  :  thofe  who  are 
fo  invited  to  alTill  at  the  ceremony,  drefs 
themfelves  as  fine  as  diey  can,  and  repair  to 
the  market-place,  where  the  Black  waits 
for  them,  as  richly  adorned  as  he  can  pof- 


fiblyi  foUow'd  by  a  little  boy,  who  caTPic:^ 
his  wooden  feat  or  ftool,  and  many  flavps, 
witih  all  the  other  men  and  women  of  the 
villaf?e,  great  and  fmall,  armed  .itter  the 
Ai'jwvy/j  f  dhion,  finging,  dancing  and  fkir 
nii(hing,  men  againtl:  men,  to  the  found  ot 
their  horns  or  trumpets,  and  other  intlru- 
mcnts  Ot  cheir  m'.ifick,  at  the  hend  «t  all 
the  company  v  at  which  is  the  Bi \fJfo,  or 
Ciiboceiroes  if  the  king  be  not  there  himfelt 
in  perfon,  wich  their  javelins  and  (hiekK. 
After  which, i;hey  proceed  to  the  ceremonial, 
in  t'his  manner, 

They  ieat  the  BiacTc  on  fbnu-  ftraw,  lo 
tiiat  he  may  not  touch  ground,  the 
people  wifliing  him  all  li.ippinels;  thewivc'i 
of  the  other  nobles,  or  ricii  Blacks,  at  the 
tame  time,  wifliing  much  ]oy  to  his  wiK-. 
When   the  telicitations  ,ire  over,  tiie  mar. 


>uHti . 


is    adorned  with  abundance  ot    gold 


toys 


about  hi,  head  -,  a  gold  ing  about  liis  neck, 
and  another  on  his  letV  arm,  having  two 
round  clafps  one  al  each  fide.  They  put  into 
his  Icfi  hand,  an  elep'i.mt's,  ot  a  horfc's 
rail  i  then  all  the  affiJlants,  placing  them- 
felves each  in  his  proper  nink,  the  mm  on 
or>e  fide,  the  women  on  anotlicr,  iind  the 
king,  Caboccirocs,  and  nobles,  in  another 
body;  \'omc  BLicki  1  adthebcalt,  deltinM 
for  iiiorifi.e,  all  over  garnilh'd  v,iph  toys, 
arnl  boughs  of  the  ficred  'tree  ;  and  fome 
bugles  or  green  glafs  beads :  ami  after  it  is 
carried  on  four  other  men's  ftroutders 
the  perlbn  who  occafions  the  evremony  fit- 
ting on  his  ilool ;  having  two  ftaves  under 
him,  to  liold  his  legs  and  tcet :  and  at  the 
head  ot  tliem,  his  hom-btowcrs  or  tnwii- 
peters.  After  iiim,  follow  all  the  p^plc  ; 
and  '"ith  this  equipage  and  attendance  tie 
is  carried  all  about  the  town,  and  romul 
the  market-place,  thatevciy  body  may  tor 
the  future  honour  him,  as  a  perlijii  ol 
di1tiii(5lion. 

The  women  of  the  town,  with  tluill-  oi 
tho  adj.ioent  villages,  whrdi  as  well  as  t)\e 
m(ii  commonly  relort  to  I'ucli  fjx'Cl.ut;"-, 
walk  alio  two  and  two,  in  otxler,  b<4biiethf 
man's  wife;  tlirowing  flowei-  of  inJi'n 
wlKMt  at  iKr  facf .  When  the  ^^ocelTion  is 
ovf r,  he  is  c.trricd  to  his  l>oul<',  wirere  a  tirnt 
is  prep;ired  tor  tlje  chief  of  the  wople-,  and 
a  white  flicer  difplayed,  on  the  top  of  tire 
hoiife,  in  fign  of  honour. 

Tliefe  formalities  are  rq'icated  icK  tlint' 
days  fifccclTivcly  ;  and  bein^  expired,  tlie 
publick  executioner  of  the  yil.tcv,  kills  th; 
bead  appointed  to  be  fn^iificed  to  \\\tt 
God,  with  all  tlreotliers  tlie  invited  gttitff 
ufe  commonly  to  bring  on  the  like  occs^ 
fions,  whicli  ,ire  kept  for  three  days  bilorc 
in  the  market-]ilace.  Thefe  being  thus 
flaughcercd,  they  are  divttled  into  .^^  nurty 
parts  PS  there  anc  mrn  itiviwd,  tlie  he.ui 
being  ufually  rcfervcd  for  ilrt  fbundti-  oi 

tl.L 


Book  III. 

lO  carrir. 
ly  fhivfs, 
n  ot  the 

rkttcr  the 
andfkir 

tbund  ot 
,er  intlru  ■ 
111)  ot  all 
ir^rffb,  or 
re  hinifelt 
id  Ihidd'.. 
rreinonul, 

fl:r.uv,  to 
mnd,    the 
;  ihewivc^ 
ch,  at  tlu- 
a  his  witi'. 
,  thi-  mar, 
goKl  toys 
It  iiis  tit.,!;, 
Living  two 
u:y  put  into 
ir  a  horlc's 
:\na  them- 
the  rrxnon 
r,    and  the 
in    another 
ft,  tlcttin'd 
I  wifh  toys, 
i  and  tome 
H^  ,\fter  it  is 

fttrtuWers 
remony  fit- 
ftaves  under 
|:  and  at  the 
or  tnwi- 
he  \x\>[)W.  ; 
tendance  t\e 

and  roiiiul 

dy  may  tur 

JXTloll    ol 

itli  t!\o1">:  K"^ 
w-cll  as  tt>e 

ixioVL'  ihr 
of   /);.i'/.;'i 

^^ocenion  is 
|».-re  a  Wi\ 

woplc-,  and 
top  ol  the 

d  far  thnt 

■xpirvti,  tl-r 
,  kilh  th< 

■ed  to  tlifi". 
ited  gwitfy 

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CrtAr.  !p.  Coilfts  if  SotTTH-GVfN  fi  A. 


fy' 


th''  fl'«t^,  '■l^'"'  i'lly  if  (T  he  of  n  row  or 
1111  OK,  t<)  I'c  l<'"|'i:  in  hii  liduri',  as  .i  teftK 
iiv  ninl  of  liis  nobiliiy,  ;in  I  of  tlie  ri^;;lu  ht: 
hn^thcrt'liy  ucqiiircii  totriffick  every  wIktc, 
fo  h.iy  ;iik1  li.!!  Il  iv.'S,  tr,.  to  ktcp  ilriiiH- 
Tnrn  iinil  liolivliIow^TS  of  his  own,  whii  (i 
\\\r  Common  (voplu  arc  nh'  pormirt'd  to 
<l(i ;  but  it  ill  y  se  inrlim-ii  to  divert  tlicni- 
(cli'fs,  mull  horrov/  iluii' :  winch  makes 
tlioll-  Blacks,  who  have  purclinll'd  the  laid 
jinvllpg-',  a>!  pioii;!  as  any  of  oiir  iipftart 
t^n.i'tty  \  and,  like  tlictn,  will  Cctrce  fpr-ak 
to  the  coiViUiuii  fci't,  loulc'ng  on  them  as 
unworthy  fit  their  c<invi  rlaiinn.  The  new 
fo'.ipic  of  noliles  mull  not  cat  of  the  flcfh 
til"  the  beall  facriticcd  en  tiieir  account,  b  - 
licvin;^',  it  they  did,  they  rtiould  certainly 
(lie  th.it  very  (Uy. 

When  tlie  feilt  is  over,  both  man  and 
wile  take  new  dfities,  aiid  having  walhcd 
and  tlried  the  cow  or  f,o,ii's  head,  hing  it 
lip  in  their  hu.ilk-,  as  an  i  iiri'jn  ot  their  no- 
bility i  iuui  it  is  account'il  the  [irincipal  or- 
n.iment  ot  the  hoiile. 

'riiccxpi'ncc  Df'ihisciT.'iiionial  commonly 
coft^tlicm  liven  or  eight  /<,'/.  j  ot  gold  ;  or 
abo'.ir  fix:y  pounds  fVerlin;^,  mtjrc,  oriel's: 
but  the  prelents  they  receive  tVom  all  their 
Irifiids,  ofti'n  defray  one  half.  But  fuch  is 
the  vanity  ot'  the  ftLh-ki  in  [general,  that  it 
they  can  but  raife  I'o  much  money  as  tt) 
dear  thel'e  cxpcnees  ot  the  ceremonial,  to 
be  inllall'd  among  the  rich  or  nobles  they 
care  for  no  inore  i  and  ibmetimes  thcic  poor 
r  Hows  are  obliged,  the  very  next  ilay  alter 
their  promotion,  to  go  a  lilhing  to  main- 
tain their  fanwly  i  ntd  will  ntvert-lR-lels, 
upon  all  occafions,  entiTtain  the  E;irai':\i;n 
they  havi'  the  opportunity  to  converfe  with, 
vwih  their  wealth  and  abilici^'s. 
:.,',,l  In  lomc  plaers  the  blov.ing  hOrns,  which 
«j  thofe  diftinguihieJ  Bracks  ate  allowed  to 
have,  ape  about  feven,  made  of  finall  Ele- 
phant's feetli,  curioufly  wrought  with  I'e- 
veral  (V.ld  figures,  of  bealls,  and  other  things. 
Cut  all  o\*cr  them,  as  reprelented  in  the 
uTfSJ  rut. 

On  tl'iofe  horns  they  caufe  their  family  to 
be  tauglu  :dl  forts  of  tunes  uliial  among 
live  fiii^ik:,  whicii  when  they  have  learnr, 
they  intbrm  all  their  relations  and  acquain- 
I  i.hce,  that  they  inte!:c1  to  lliow  tlieir  blow- 
irn*  horns  puWickly,  lli.it  they  may  come 
and  make  merry  with  tli'ni  for  Icveral 
days  together  j  whilll  they,  thfir  wives 
and  flaves  apJ)Car  with  all  the  j^omp 
polfible  i  borrowing  gold  atid  coral  oFthcir 
friends,  t6  make  the  gre.ifel-  fliow  -,  ami 
iiiltributing  prefenis  aibongft  tlierh,  (6  that 
this  ceremony  becofius  Very  c'xpehfive,  but 
when  oVer,  they  ar*  free  to  blow  their  horns 
at  pleafure.  I  muft  not  oniit,  beiiig  upon 
this  lubjeft,  to  rakt  notice  of  a  motfliortid 
pt-ai5tice  amotigrt  the  Sluds  of  Fiin,  when 


any  one  has  new  ilrum'or  hdrns,  thiy  il'-  '" 
confecratcthem  with  human  blco '.  To  tl.i. ^V  V 
(tied,  the  (lave  appointed  to  be  facriliced 
i^  maile  to  drink  and  dance  merrily  all  the 
iliy,  and  at  night  they  throw  him  down, 
with  his  face  in  the  find,  then  cut  his  head 
oil,  and  in  tour  or  five  hours  after,  they 
lirink  palm-wine  out  of  the  upper  part  of 
his  (kull,  ill  the  fight  of  all  the  people. 

The  pretended  new  nobleman,  thu<^  in- 
flall'd,  comnionly  purchal'es  lirll  one,  and 
then  another  buckler  or  (hicld  j  ot  which 
he  mikes  as  publiek  and  pompous  a  fltow 
as  that  of  the  horns ;  and  is  obliged  to  lie 
the  tirft  night,  with  all  his  retinue,  in  the 
op.n  air,  to  exprefs  that  lie  will  dread  no 
dangers,  nor  I'pare  any  hardHiips  in  de- 
fence of  his  fimily.  After  ^^  '.lich  he  fpends 
the  next  and  the  remaining  days  of  the 
feall,  which  commonly  la(i  about  eight 
days,  in  thooting  and  warlike  exercifes,  as 
well  as  ilanciiig,  and  all  forts  of  mirth  ; 
himfelf,  his  wives,  and  family,  being  as 
richly  drelb  as  they  pofTibly  can,  expofing 
all  lie  has  in  the  world  to  publiek  view, 
and  removing  trom  place  to  place:  but 
this  fcdival  is  not  fo  expenfive  as  the  for- 
mer, for  inllead  of  making  prefeiits,  as 
ulual  in  that,  at  this,  on  the  contr.iry,  he 
receives  very  valuable  gifts;  and  when  he 
dcfigns  to  go  to  the  war,  he  is  allow- 
ed to  carry  two  fhiclds,  which  men  of 
the  infcriour  rank  are  not  permitted  to 
do. 

Thefe  nobles  are  generally  very  una-Kii*/i'; 
nimous,  afid  live  friendly  together,  being/""""/' 
ready  upon  all  occafions  to  help  one  an- 
other, and  teafting  amongft  thcmlelves, 
trom  time  to  time,  by  turns.  'I'hey  have 
commonly  two  llich  publi.k  fcalts,  the 
lird  is  to  celtbratc  the  annivcrf.iry  of  their 
inflallation,  each  in  his  order,  as  it  hap- 
pens. On  that  day  they  confecratc  new 
i<.!b]5,  and  adorn  the  cow's  heads  with  them, 
making  great  rejoycings,  tfc. 

The  other  is  a  general  fealt,  falling  F»<y?/. 
ufual'ly  on  the  fixth  day  of  July,  during 
whreh  they  all  have  one  and  the  fame 
rdol  to  which  they  lacrilice.  On  that 
day  each  of  thofe  nobles  wears  a  green 
bouJ,h  of  thfe  facred  tree,  platted  about 
his  nfck,  in  the  nianner  of  a  collitr,  or 
garland,  their  bodies  being  fineared  with  a 
I'eA  and  white  dye,  and  then  change  the  toys 
about  theiV  cow^s  heads.  This  feall  ends 
the  night,  wli^n  th6  Cahcceirce,  or  chief  ftf 
tlve  town,  treats  them  all  -,  and  with  fuch 
plenty  of  liquor,  that  they  all  go  hoifie 
Vcf-y  drunk. 

Wharevct  notions  the  Slaclii  niay  have 
of  this  their  gentility,  fcVeral  European 
fadors  can  boaft,  that  for  feveVa!  years  they 
\nV^  been  waited  on  by  fomt  of  thefe  nobles, 
in  the  capacity  of  their  footrtian,  or  V.i!it  da 

Cbainhie. 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  III. 


l^)A!^>Ij  ^'''""''''^'    t^owf^'^r    it  is  cert.iin,  on  the 

^•^"^ other  lunJ,    that    generally  tiit-rc,    tlioll- 

gentlemen  are  jiut  into  offices  an.l  places  of 

truft,  next  after  the  king's  relations,  as  oc- 

caflon  ofiVrs. 

The  Blac'ii  of  the  three  chi'  f  ortlers  I 
have  di  fcribcJ,  will  not  lie  called  or  looked 
upon  as  Mu'r.i,  whiih  they  fancy  implies 
flavcs,  or  fome  wretched  poor  creatures  •, 
but  defiiC  to  be  called  Pnios,  which  in 
Portu^iii'fe  fignifies  Blacks. 

Of  the  fourth  and  fifth  forts  of  Ria.ki 
above-mention'd,  I  fliall  fpeak  more  parti- 
cularly hereafter,  and  repeat,  for  the  prefent, 
that  they  are  commmon  people  and  flavcs. 

Mu  I.  A  T  TOES. 

DF.fidcs  the  above  five  orders  of  men,  in- 
habiiiig  tliofe  countries,  there  is  a  fixtli) 
whi.h  muft  be  taken  notice  of  i  and  is, 
the  Mni.i.'.'o'.i  or  T,ifoe\er.>,  as  the  BIticb  call 
thtni ;  being  b.'goLtcn  by  Enrol'iwn  up>on 
the  Hlnck  or  M::'al!o  women,  of  a  tawny, 
yellow-brown  t  ompkxion,  n.irher  white  nor 
black,  vv ho,  when  young,  are  fu'froin  liami- 
fome  ;  anil  when  old,  frightful  i  ef()eeially 
the  old  wo'iien,  who  look  as  lean  arid  poor 
as  envy  it  Klfcan  be  reprefenttd.  bi  procefs 
of  time  the  bo.lks  of  MiilnUoes  become 
fpeckled  with  white,  brown  and  yellow 
fpots,  like  leopards,  and  refcmbling  them 
in   their  barbarous  nature ;  which  all  who 


have  any  thing  to  do  with  them,  muft  ccr 
tainly  own.  They  are  generally  profligate 
villains,  a  b.iflard  race,  as  unfaithful  to  the 
Eiiioifuiii,  as  untrue  to  the  Black),  and  very 
rarely  agreeing  among  themfelves-,  and 
tho'  they  afl'ume  the  name  ot  chrifli.ms,  arc 
a,-,  fuperftitious  idolaters  as.inv  o\Wk  B'.aikt 
can  be  :  and  whatever  is  in  its  own  nature 
worft  in  the  K/no/r  i/js  and  BL'ck.-,  is  united 
in  them.  Moll  of  the  women  are  common 
whores,  puhlickly  to  the  IVhita,  and  pri- 
vately to  the  Blihki.  The  men  are  (or  the 
moft  part  fukliers,  in  the  I'ervice  of  the 
Diiiib,  and  other  Eidopedin  ;  clothed  like 
them  1  but  the  women,  ilillerent  from  the 
BLuk  women's  drels;  for  they  prink  up 
tliemfelves  after  a  particular  manner.  Such 
of  them  as  pretend  to  any  fafliion,  wear  a 
fine  fliift,  and  over  that  a  fliort  jacke^ 
of  filk  or  iluft",  without  flecves ;  which 
reache.f,  from  under  the  arms  to  their  hips, 
faflen'tl  only  at  the  flioulders.  On  their 
heads  they  wear  feveral  caps  one  over  the 
other  1  the  uppermoit  of  which  is  of  filk, 
ple.'.ted  before,  and  round  at  the  top,  to 
make  it  fit  fall:  over  all  which,  they  have 
a  Ibrtof  fillet,going  twicco;-  thrice  about  the 
head,  which  drefs  makes  a  great  fhow:  theii 
lower  parts  are  clothed  like  the  Bl.uk  wo 
men.  Thofe  who  are  poor,  have  the  uppi  r 
p.irt  of  their  body  naked. 


Chap. 


*feidil 


t .'  j'.i 


^\V 


C     H     A     p.      XX. 

Roads,  tovjTts  and  houfes.  'Diet.  Rain  much  dreaded.  Civility.  Merchants ) 
fifljermcn;  blackfmiths -,  gotdjmtths.  Arm'-,  tools,  and  mufical  injiru- 
ments.     Husbayidry  -,  canoes  j  potters ;    t hatchers.    Markets  and  JIaves. 


Roads,  Towns  nnJ  Hoi'SES. 

THb^  B'dck.i,  in  building  their  tmvns 
or  villiges,  have  very  little  regard 
to  the  pleafaninefs,  or  conveniency  of  the 
filiation,  cither  for  fine  profpeft,  pleafant 
walks,  or  other  advantages ;  which  they 
might  procure  to  themfelves,  if  they  were 
fenfible  of  fuch  benefits,  fince  they  have 
many  noble  rivers,  pleafant  valleys,  and 
well-planted  hills  i  but,  on  the  contrary, 
they  commonly  build  them  in  dry  and  dif- 
agreeable  places.  Nor  are  they  any  wilcr 
or  more  curious  in  the  making  of  roads 
and  paths,  from  place  to  place,  as  I  have 
before  hinted  :  for  they  are  generally 
B»drt»ili.  crooked,  rough,  and  uneven  ;  fo  that  the 
dift.ince  between  places  is  made  almoft 
double  i  nor  will  they  be  perfuaded  to 
mend  or  alter  them,  as  they  might  very  well, 
with  little  labour ;  to  fave  to  themfelves 
the  inconvenlency  of  fuch  crooked,  into- 
lerable roails. 
irrtguUr  Their  towns  and  villages  are  compofed 
team.       of  feveral  huts,  ftanding    in  parcels,   and 


fcattering',  which  by  their  dif|>ofition,  or 
fituation,  form  many  little  lanes,  crookeil, 
and  very  irregular;  all  ofthemending.it 
the  wide  open  place,  which  they  commonly 
leave  in  the  centre  of  the  town,  and  cill  it 
the  market-place :  fcrving  ilaily  both  to 
hold  the  tnarket,  and  to  divirt  the  inhabi- 
tants. 

The  towns  and  villages  of  the  inland 
countries,  are  generally  much  larger  than 
at  the  Gohl  Coajl,  and  conlequently  much 
more  populous.  But  neither  the  inland 
towns,  nor  thofe  at  the  coaft,  have  any 
walls  or  pallifidocs,  like  thofe  of  the  Moon, 
dwelling  about  the  river  Niger  ;  which  are 
fenced  round  with  elephant's  teeth,  to  keep 
ofl'  the  wild  ravenous  beafts. 

The  ftrength  of  their  villages,  in  fome 
parts,  confifts  in  their  being  fituated  on 
fomcfteep,  barren,  high  ground  or  rocks, 
or  in  a  marfliy,  fwampy  place,  and  but 
rarely  on  a  river,  or  brook  i  acceflible  only 
by  fome  narrow,  uneven  paths,  or  crooked 
lane  ;  or  through  fome  large  thick  woods : 

and 


SJrl 


Chap.  20.        Coafts  0/ South-Guinea. 


293 


and  fomc  alio  in  tlie  mi.ift  of  a  wood.  At 
tliL"  co.ift,  tlicy  are  commonly  placed  on 
a  dry  barren  pround,  or  on  a  flat  rock, 
or  lomc  gravilly   landy    place. 

The  lioulcs  are  j^eni  rally  fmali  and  very 
low,  lookinji  .it  a  diftame,  more  like 
baratks  in  a  c.iiip  tlian  dwelliDy-iiouHs, 
except  Ibmc  ol  lliofe  ahout  the  European 
ibris,  which  arc  Ionic  what  larger  and  more 
commo.lious  ;  the  natives  there  having 
learnt  of  us  how  to  order  them  to  a 
greater  ailvantage  than  oiliers  v  as  I  have 
before  obllrved,  at  Mma,  and  Ibmc  other 
places  on  the  coall,  they  are  one  or  two 
itories  high,  wicii  fcveral  ground  rooms, 
and  Ibme  of  tiiem  have  ll.ii  roof-. 
hv«r(j'«»  "^'"^  Hlai'<s  gi.nci.dly  build  tlicir  liouf.s 
Ml-  on  four  polh  or  tru.-.ks  of  trees,  drove  in- 
to the  ground,  at  llich  diilar.ce  as  tluy 
dfign  tlie  lirgenels  of  tiie  liuule  to  be, 
.,nd  about  fix  or  liven  foot  high.  To 
thole  main  corners  of  ihe  houlls  they 
filUn  tliie.'  or  to.u'  long  pok's  athw.ui, 
at  equal  diilanecs  one  .djove  another,  .ind 
again  odiers  .icrols  liieni  downwards,  troin 
the  up[);nr.od  to  die  ground.  The  hoiife 
b;ing  thus  framed,  they  lay  on  a  fort  of 
clay  or  plaillering  both  within  and  with- 
out, about  eiglit  inches  in  tlucknefs  ;  which 
in  a  very  Ihort  time,  by  the  heat  of  the 
fun,  becomes  almolt  as  hard  and  folid  as 
a  llone  w.dl,  leaving  a  tew  fmail  lii^hts 
or  holes  in  tiie  w.dl,  .ind  a  very  low  and 
ruirrow  iloor,  or  pallagc,  to  go  in  or  out 
'  at.     l.aUly,  they  lor  tiie  moft  i)art  colour 

the  infide  of  the  wall,  white  and  red,  or 
black  anil  yellow,  as  every  one  likes  bell. 

Thimf.  On  tl-.ole  mud  and  timber  walls  they  lay 
fniall  qu.irters  acroli,  both  ways  for  the  roof; 
and  inllead  of  tiles,  cover  them  witli  palm 
tr'e,  or  rice  leaves,  or  bulrullies,  as  the 
pl.ae  they  live  in  atiords.  In  moft  houfes 
the  tool  is  to  contrived,  that  it  opens  at  the 
top,  to  let  in  air,  when  the  weather  i^  hot. 

rw!.  The  door-way  is  to  low,  that  no  man 
ran  go  in,  without  bowing  himlelf  almoll 
double  i  and  for  a  door,  I'ome  jilat  bidruflirs 
tlat  .uul  very  thick  together  ;  others  have 
Ibine  forry  pieces  ot  boards,  hung  with 
r(i|)es  inllead  ot  hinges,  anil  both  torts  of 
them  open  either  out  or  in,  .is  they  think  fit. 

Tim.  The  ground-floor  ot  the  houte  is  ol  the 
fame  Ibrt  ot  hard  clay,  as  the  walls,  and  in 
the  midll  ot  it  is  a  hole,  to  hold  a  pot  of 
palm- wine,  when  they  meet  to  make  merry. 

Qui-hiufii.  Adjoining  to  the  houfes  of  the  coniinon 
fort  of  people,  they  buikl  two  or  three  Ihiall 
huts  lor  offices  1  the  houlls  of  the  liclvr 
fort  havnig  gener.dly  fcven  or  eight  lu:  h 
huts  tbmewhat  dillant  from  eaehotiitr,  tome 
of  them  for  their  wives  to  live  in,  Ibme  for 
their  children,  and  others  to  drels  their  meat, 
keep  their  provifions  ancftte  like.  Mod 
o(  thole  huts  are  divided  i:ito  two  or  three 
Vol.  V. 


parts  by  partitions,  made  of  ruflics  bound  RAr;r'.T. 
clofe  together.  The  better  fort  of  houfes  ^i^V"^ 
are  commonly  endofed  with  all  their  faid 
fmall  huts,  or  out-houfes  by,  as  it  were  a 
hedge,  made  of  rudies,  made  fad  together, 
of  a  good  ihicknefs,  an  1  as  high  as  the 
walls  of  the  houfes,  to  which  tiiere  is  no 
door,  the  only  pafiage  out  into  the  ftrcet: 
being  through  the  main  houfe.  ' 

The  houfes  of  the  kings  and  other  great  «»«/■«  ef 
men,  .ire  generally  built  by  themfelvcs  near5'<«"»'«- 
the  maiket-pl  ice,  being  much  larger  than 
the  others,  anil  hiving  more  out-houfes  and 
otlices,  but  all  of  the  fame  materials  as 
thofe  already  detcribed  of  the  inferior  peo- 
ple, (.lifi  ol'ed  witliout  any  order.  In  the 
niidfl  of  them  is  a  kind  ol  pavillion,  where 
the  king  or  chief  man  holds  Ids  court,  and 
bctbre  the  door  arc  two  l.irge  earthen  pots, 
lit  in  the  j^:,r(}u;]d,  full  of  frefli  water,  fbr 
t'.ieir  deities;  and  by  them  a  few  fentincls 
or  guards,  armed  with  jivelins,  who  ilo 
duty  tiurt-  umiinu.illy,  and  are  lodged  and 
maintaincil  in  tlie  p.d.iie,  as  are  t!)e  owner's 
wive;. 

A  houll'  is  l1k!v  built  in  feven  or  eightciMk 
days,  and  with  a  fmall  charge,  as  feldom  *«;to|. 
colling  above  tbrty  Ihillings  to  pay  malons 
and  carpenters ;  for  the  materi.ds,  either  tim- 
ber, clay,  or  leaves  to  thatch  them,  are 
taken  where  they  can  be  found  about  the 
country,  and  that  is  the  btnlnets  ot'  the 
fl.ives. 

Every  family  has   commonly  a  fort  of.smte- 
florc-lioute,    or  granary  witliou:  the  town, '-'""y''' 
or  vill.i'^e,  wliere  they   keep   their   I/i'linn 
wheat,  n.illet,  or  rice,  t()r  thv  yea.'s  pro- 
vifion. 

The  houles  in  ever)  village,  or  rcv.n,  bc-_v„r)(!w 
ing  tf.us  built  near,  tiio'  no;  joiniiU';  toone/^ntJ. 
another,  ;ind  as  it  W'.tc  in  a  heap,  wiilioot 
allowing  tpacious  (Iricrs;  it  is  very  ill  walk- 
ing through  the  laid  towns,  tt'j'ed.dly  in 
r.dny  weather,  b  Taule  the  lanes  being  Co 
narrow,  they  who  have  occafion  to  go  dong 
them  in  rainy  weatlier,  cannot  avoid  receiv- 
ing ;.ll  rli.it  runs  oil' the  eves  oltlie  thatched 
houles  :  but  the  llenih  of  the  towns  is  much 
moe  inlupport.ible,  for,  as  has  been  faid  be- 
fore, the  B'lhk)  commonly  cafe  th-mlllves  in 
thole  very  lan'.s,  oidy  throwing  a  little  earth 
upon  tluir  excrement,  .is  was  rnjoincd  in 
the  A^'7<'(.'V(;/law,  Div,,'.  xxiii.  13.  ncujlnilt 
have  a  [ai'dL;  and  ivben  tlxu  kHi  cif-"  ths- 
felf  abro.ui,  ihvt  Jl:alt  dig  thr^Ki:/.',  nrJjbalt 
lion  kuk  and  lOVer  ib.it  v:biib  icm-lb  from 
ibec.  .Some  of  the  principal  houfes  there  have 
afm.dl  fort  of  necellary  houfe  without  tor  tliat 
ule,  but  they  i.ike  lb  little  care  to  bury  i-  well 
when  lull,  that  it  r.ither  inere.'ie?  the  llench, 
efpeiidly  in  the  hot  llorching  weatlier  ; 
whin  e  it  ise.ity  to  gucis,  what  a  tufi(),Mtiiip; 


naullousair  men  breath  there.  Add  lothis  the 

vail  quantity  of  fifh  kept  about  their  towns 

T  t  t  rotting, 


Crtfl 

litmlt. 


:ii'  -M'  I 


ij^.ti 


i>;^' 


'i:i-f 


2.?4 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  III.  I  Chap. 


m  rh  -"'V  ■ ' 


f;iii 


m 


)  \ 


i. 


li 

r-  ■ 


n^n  HOT.  rotting,  for  five  or  fix  iliys,  as  I  havr  bc- 

^^'V^-'forc   oblcrvtil    ilioy  like  it   bid   when    (b 

putritkil  ■,  ami  .ill  togi'thcr  proiluccs  Aich  a 

violent  tlink,    tiuc  ic   is  very  ofTcnfivc  a 

fliipboaril,  jurtiiul.irly  in  tin-  nij^ht  time, 

when  il>«  lanil  bicc/ts  carry  it  off  from  the 

fliore,  two  or  thnr  lin^ltj/j  miles,   for   fo 

far  from  tiic  huul  tiie  fliips  ride;    the  ill 

iavour  being   the   more,    the    greater  the 

towns  are. 

'<ofa\mg.     Aiiotlu-r  gre.ii  inconvcnieiKy  is,  that  the 

ftrtttsor  lanes  ill  ilie  lowi.s  not  being  p.i/'d, 

are  very  miiiKly  in  rainy  weather  ;  for  I  tlo 

not  remember  to  have  feen  any  places  pavM, 

except  the  markets  at  Miiia  antl  Coifj. 

Nor  are  the  Biiii:ki  at  all  curious  in 
jilintiii;^  trees  in  their  villages,  to  fliade 
their  lioules,  ,is  they  might  ealily  do,  ex- 
cept At  J X ill! ,  whi,re  they  iiave  many  fine 
loUy  trees  let  about,  and  in  tiie  town, 
whicii  are  a  great  eafe  to  the  people  agaiiill: 
the  Icortiiing  heat  of  the  fun. 

Tiiey  are  as  littl;  nice,  even  amonj;  the 


jlUr.tt 


h!^i,helt  rank,  in  fiirnifliing  their  houleswitli 
piop^r  g'>oils  i  tora'l  they  have  in  t!iem  is 
only  a  lew   wooden  feats  or   flooK,   Ibnie 
wooden  or  earthen  pots,  to  hold  frelh  wa- 
ter, and  ilrelV,  their  meat ;    Ibine  cups  and 
troughs,  and  ilieir  arms  hanging  about  the 
walls.     I'he  topping  people   have  tables, 
and  beds  or  quihs  m.ide  of  rufl-.cs,  on  wliicli 
they  l.iy   a  fine  mat  at  night,    to  lie  on, 
with  ,1  bolller  much  of  the  fame  fort,  and 
by    it   a  l.irgc  brafs  kettle,  with  water  to 
wafh  them.      The   meaner    ibrt   iiave   no 
quills,    but   lie    upon    a  mat  laid  on  the 
bare  grountl,  with  one  arm  untier  their  liead, 
inftead   ol"  a   bollter,    or  elfc  have  a  little 
block  for  that  purpole,  without  any  veffel 
of  water  itanding  by  it,  but  always  go  out 
of  the  I'.oufe  to  waili  themfelves.     All  the 
faid  goods,  among  perfons   of  diftindion, 
are  gener.dly  placed  in  the  houfcs  of  their 
wives,    the  men  keeping  nothing   in  their 
own,  but  their  arms,  feats  and  inats  ;  but 
among  the  common  fort  all  is  huddled  to- 
gether in  adifortierly  manner,  with  the  tools 
and  inftruments  of  their  profefiion. 

The  eoiiftantemploytnent  of  the  women  is 
doing  the  work  of  the  houfe,  and  drefTing 
the  meat  for  the  fcmiily,  under  the  direiflion 
of  t'r.e  chief  wife,  whilll  the  husbands  are 
about  their  bufincfs,  or  fit  idly  drinking  •, 
and,  which  is  very  odd,  the  husbanil  com- 
morily  eats  by  himfelf,    in    his  own  hut. 


whole  family  i  and  it  is  vi»ry  remarkable, 
how  well  thofe  women  manage  it,  divert- 
ing none  to  any  other  ufe,  fo  that  it  is  very 
rare  to  hear  of  any  mif[)ent. 

Diet. 

|_fAving  in  r.nother place  mention'd what/".),.,!,,;, 
'^  \}Qox  and  flcnder  l()od  thole  people  al- 
low their  children,  it  is  no  wontlcr,  that 
being  ufed  to  eat  fo  'Tieanly  from  their  mo- 
ther's womb,  they  are  afterwards  to  frugal 
and  teinwrate  in  their  diet,  when  come  to 
age.  Two-pence  a  day,  or  lefs,  is  fufficienr 
to  feed  a  BLiik  ;  but  this  frugality  is  not 
the  effed  of  virtue,  or  becaufe  they  do  not 
dcfire  better,  but  only  proceeds  from  ab- 
folute  covetoiifnels :  (or  when  any  of  the 
better  fort  are  admitted  to  eat  with  fo/ro- 
]'i-!u:s,  they  will  fiil  themlelves  for  three 
days  to  come,  and  tiiat  of  the  belt  which 
ronies  to  the  table. 

The  common  tood  of  the  meaner  people'^'  /.r 
is  a  pot  of  Jr:iUa>i  wheat  boilM  to  the  con-""'"''' 
filtence  of  a  pudding  ;    or  elfe  yams  and''"' 
potatoes,    over   which    they  {)Our    a  little 
oil.    with    a  tew  boil'd  herbs,    to    whi  h 
they  .uld  fome  llinking  fifli,  and  ihis  they 
reckon  a  nice  difli :    tor  it  is  but  feidom 
t!iat  they  can  get  fifh  and  herbs,  efpeciallv 
ill  the  winter  featbn. 

On  their  feflivals  they  live  better,  pro- 
viiling  for  thofe  times,  either  oxen,  flicep, 
goats,  dogs,  or  poultry,  as  rtiall  be  men- 
tioned hereafter. 

Euro/vaiis,   having  never  been  ufed  tOn;^„„. 
fee  dogs  flefh  eaten,  are  apt  to  admire,  that/K.'f 
the  BLuki  fliould  be  fo  fond  of  it ;  but  they'""* 
woulil  wonder  Ids,  did  they  obferve  what 
is  pradifed  in  other  nations.    Throughout 
all  Chinii  atTes  flelh  is  valued  above  any  other, 
tho'  there  are  capons,  partridges,  pheafants, 
and  all  other  rarities  we  elleein  molt.    Dogs 
fl.fli  is  the   next  in  value,    and  horfellelji 
is  accounted  extraordinary  good,  cfpecially 
with  a  little  m'lk.    Snakcr  arc  alio  eaten  ; 
and  even  toads,  one  tort  whereof  is  much 
more  deformed  than  ours,  are  reckoned  a 
morfel  for  a  prince.     A  poimd  of  frogs  is 
worth  two  of  any  fifii  v.  hatfoever  ;  and  mice 
are  alio  ferved  up  at  table.     The  Iroqum 
A^uies,    a  n.ition  of  Norib-  .America,    near 
Neiv-Tork,    boil  frogs  entire,  without  flea- 
ing  them,  to  featbn  iheir.S'rtfdw//^',  which  is 
a  fort  of  pottage    made  of  Imhan  wheat. 
In  Franct'  the  hind  legs  of  frogs  are  com- 
monly eaten  fricafTeed,  not  for  want,  as  ig- 


and  every  one  of   the  wives  in  hers,  with 

her  own  children,  unlefs  by  chance  tome  of  norant  people  iinagine,    but  becaufe  they 

them  agree  to  join  together,  and  fometimes  are  anexcclleii  tlifh,  little  or  norliing  inti:- 

thc;   husbaiul   happens  to  cat  with   her  he  rior  in  goodnefs  to  ciiickens leg:.,  an'.i lirvM 

likes  bed,  or  with  his  chief  wife.  u|)  at  the  tables  of  rich  pertbns.     The -rrfr- 

CofJ  m>-      I  h.ive  elfewhere  taken  notice,  that  com-  /rfrj  eat  horfe-flefli  ;    the /w/w/f  crocodiles 

'"'^"'""- monly  the  chief  wife  is  entrufied  with  the  andferpents.  In  the  PM/i/'/wifl.indsratsare 

husb.and's    money,    as  he  earns  it  by  his  goml   meat.     Rooks  and  jackdaws  are  fre- 

labour  or  induflry,  that  flic  may  fubfill  the  quenily  eaten  in  many  countries.   OUajJer  on 

the 


(<:.'ir 


the 

trii 

deli 

r- J  ifii"     l 

"■'"■  '"■  nuK 

low 

hirh 

txti'. 

tJicy 

wh^-J 

in  w. 

tirui 

when 

Oi 

with 

yams 

then 

•ill.  y 

inlleai 

over  t 

111 

which 

(alt  ar 

fMli.ll' 

tat  lie 

The 

with  I 

to  drel 

vcnilon 

or  [wtt 

befides 

tlicy  ni 

way,  ai 

tlie  com 

j)re(loni 

tar  iinpi 

tliat  the 

a  table, 

waiting 

to  their 

f'ggV 

fiiL-,  or 

tlieiii, 

Tli-y 
after  ad 
could  no 
limes  to 
men  ;  ti) 
n,!|;kins: 
alway 
I'liiM    wi 
good  to 
ilh  tafle, 
gers.     I 
iuhit  ;ini 
wonderfu 
linking  f 
for  till 
t'leir  hanc 
meat  witi 
ii])  the  go 
as  I  have 
at  ca]jc  A'f 
ling  tliem 


t, 


JooK  III.  I  Chap.  20.        Coafts  of  South-Guinea. 


i^? 


letter,  iiro- 
3xcn,  (lieci), 
i.iU  be  men- 

xn  life  J  to  nijfi-n; 
Iniire,  ih.W.H'f 
but  they"*'"" 
blervi-  wh.it 
hroughout 
;iny  other, 
1,  phi'.ilanis, 
lort.    Oogs 
1  horfetlelh 
cl\ieci.\lly 
alio  eaten ; 
cot  is  nnich 
reckoned  a 
of  frogs  is 
1  and  mice 
The  Iroquiii 
erkii,    ne.ir 
vithoiit  flw- 
le,  which  is 
ulian  wheat, 
are  com- 
■ant,  us  '%• 
lecaufe  they 
lorliinp;  infe- 
,,  andftTvM 
The  Tir- 
f  crocoihlc"! 
;nds  rati  are 
laws  are  fre- 
Oleapr  ihi 
the 


t,:',ir  art. 


the  fivcnili  of  G(H.  arguing  whether  any 
cna'.iiii'  \x  unclean  by  tlic  law  o(  nature, 
(lefiru's  anil  proves  iIktc  is  none. 

'l\\t:  liLhis  ot  hij^lier  runk  Uo  not  fare 
nnuh  better  ilian  iIk-  oihtf  ;  only  they  al- 
low thenifeivi  s  a  litilc  more  filli,  .uul  more 
hi  rbs  lor  their  common  diet  :  .ind  tor  an 
txtraordin.iry  dilh.whieh  they  call  MaUigud, 
tiicy  boil  fume  till),  and  a  han.lful  of /wJiaw 
wh^at,  as  nuK  h  dough  .uul  fonie  palm-oil 
ill  w.ircr,  wiiith  they  reckon  a  princely  en- 
tituinment,  and  indeed  it  isnoi  dilagreeable, 
when  once  ufed  to  it,  and  wholefomc  enough. 
Others  boil  their  filli  in  w.iter  fe.il'on'd 
Vkithfalr,  ami  their  pcppor ;  and  ro.iU  the 
y.'.ins  anil  potatoes  uniler  the  embers,  .md 
then  make  a  fort  of  pap,  and  lb  eat  it. 
'liny  bake  green  unripe  ligs,  which  ferve 
iiillead  of  l)re.'.d,  as  does  liuiian  corn  toalUd 
over  the  lire. 

Ihty  boil  rice  with  fowls,  or  mutton, 
whieii  is  a  Puriiiginji!  d;fli,  or  only  with 
(,ik  and  palm-oil ;  .is  alio  herbs  and  beans 
liafun'd  vvith  lalt  andoil,  and  I'ome  ol  them 
tat  elephant's  and  bultala's  llelh  boil'd. 

The  ri.her  people,  who  converfe  molt 
with  Europiitiis,  li.ive  learnt  of  them  how 
to  drtfs  beef,  mutton,  pork,  goat's  Helli, 
venilon  and  fowl ;  and  even  to  make  foup, 
or  jxntage,  with  cabbage  and  other  herbs  j 
bcfiJes  ftveral  other  forts  of  diflies,  which 
tiicy  ni.inage  very  indilTcrently  after  their 
way,  and  teach  them  to  other  Blacki  about 
the  country,  their  pepper  being  alw.iys  the 
prc'ilominant  fealbning.  Some  arc  alio  fo 
l.ir  iniprov'd  by  convcrling  with  the  It'bii:!, 
tliat  iliey  will  have  tiieir  meat  ferved  upon 
a  table,  and  fit  about  it,  with  their  flaves 
w.iiting  1  but  the  common  lort  generally  fit 
to  their  ni;at  on  the  bare  "round,  ciols- 
l''gg'd,  like  our  tailors,  and  leaning  to  one 
fiik-,  or  elfi  vvith  both  their  legs  ftrait  tinder 
them,  and  lilting  on  their  heels. 

Th^y  generally  cat  very  greedily,  and 
afii-r  a  dilagreeable  filthy  manner,  which  I 
eoiild  not  b.ir  with,  when  I  happened  fonic- 
tiniis  to  be  treated  by  any  of  the  prime 
men  i  for  they  ule  neither  table-cloths,  nor 
napkins :  what  meat  or  filh  they  drefs,  is 
always  half  rotten,  and  mofl:  dillies  arc  fea- 
lon'd  wiih  [lalm-oil,  which,  tho'  pretty 
gdod  to  fueli  as  are  ufed  to  it,  has  a  fliarp- 
ilh  lalle,  and  a  fmell  very  naufeous  to  ftran- 
gers.  I  could  not  but  admire  the  power  of 
habit  and  cuft om  in  thofe  people,  who  were 
wonderfully  pleafcd  with  the  mod  corrupted 
ilinking  food,  and  fed  on  it  molt  greedily  •, 
lor  till  they  have  fatisficd  ihtir  ftomach, 
t!ieir  hands  are  never  Hill,  eitiier  tearing  the 
meat  with  their  long  nails,  or  ellerowling 
lip  the  gobbets  in  the  p.dinsof  their  hands, 
as  I  have  faid  to  be  praftifed  by  the  Hlatks 
at  rape  yeidc,  and  at  Rujifco \  and  then  tof- 
finglhem  into  their  mouths,  opcn'd  as  wide 


as  th(ry  can  gaptr  i  fo  that  every  morfel  IsRa'.  r.o'-. 
thrown  down   to  the  very    gullet.    Then^^Wi 
ihcy   Ihakc   their  greafy  fingers,    as   they 
come  from  their  mouths,  over  the  dilhes  the 
mrat  is  ferved  up  in. 

They  make  two  meals  a  day,  the  firll  \nT9imiKlt. 
the  morning,  the  other  towards  night, 
drinking  water  and  brandy  at  their  Rift 
meal.  In  the  afternoon,  when  the  palm- 
wine  comes  from  the  fields  into  the  marker, 
they  mult  have  it,  cod  what  it  will  ;  and 
for  brandy,  or  any  other  ftrong  liquor,  they 
will  fell  all  they  have,  or  do  any  thing, 
tho*  ever  fo  vile,  lor  it.  Men,  women  and 
children  are  wonderful  tond  ol  it,  for  which 
rcafon  the  Eiiioprtins  in  the  torts  mufl:  take 
fpecial  care  of  their  cellars  at  night,  thofe 
people  knowing  very  well  how  to  come  at 
them. 

In  lonie  places  they  alio  in  the  morning  Bff- 
drink  a  fort  of  beer  ot  their  own  brewing, 
call'd  Piliru.',  and  maile  ot  /nJi^in  wheat. 

I'hcy  never  drink  any  palm-wine  in  thef*'"'- 
morning,  beeaufe  too  Hale,  if  lett  from  the"'"'' 
day  liefore,  and  not  tcrmeiucd,  when  jult 
drawn  from  the  tree  ;  but  iiit  he  afternoon, 
that  wine  drawn  in  tiie  morning  is  in  its 
perfedtion.  As  loon  as  ever  the  country 
people  bring  it  into  the  market-place,  three 
or  four  lilaiii  club  for  a  pot,  and  fit  round 
it,  with  their  chief  wives,  till  near  night,  all 
of  them  drinking  out  of  a  calabafli, or  gourd, 
after  this  manner:  the  perfon  that  is  to 
drink  fits,  and  all  the  relt  of  the  company 
Itand  up,  with  their  hats  or  caps  in  tiieir 
hands,  crying,  Tauir//'i,  TiUit',!';,  whilll  the 
other  drinks  \  who  when  he  has  ilone,  an- 
fwers,  I,  o,  I',  and  at  the  lame  time  fpills 
a  Imall  quantity  of  wine  on  the  ground  for 
their  deity. 

Some  of  them,  before  they  drink,  t.xkc t'*"''""- 
a  little  of  that  wine  into  their  mouth,  and 
fpurt  it  upon  their  arms  and  legs,  when 
they  are  adorn'd  with  tiieir  fiiperflitious 
toys  i  believing  their  deities  would  be  very 
angry  with  them,  if  they  flioiild  omit  that 
ceremony. 

The  ceremony  of  fpilling  a  little  wine  on  CW  «« 
the  ground  is  very  ancient   in  Cl.vmi,  and^*""^- 
oblerved  to  this  clay,    as  it  is  among  the 
Blacks.  For  the  better  underllanding  where- 
of, it  will  not  be  improper  to  inlert  in  this 
place,  what  Navareiie,    in  his  account  of 
China.,  fays  to  that  purpofc.     After  what 
V.Profpcr  liitorctta   writes  in  hhSapiinliu 
Sinka,  p.  73.  §.  4.  fi^eaking  of  Cctlfiniui, 
he  lays,  tho'  he  fed  on  the  coarfer  rice,  -jet 
imoing  oiw  [art  upon  the  ground,  be/.ioi' 
feed  to  ibofe  dead  pel /.lis,  who  in  foivur  aga 
had  tanxhl  the  way  of  liliiiig  the  earil:,  di  e/- 
Jing  tiiciif,  &c.    yind  this  ttvi.t  the  iiijlom  of 
llje  aniicnts,  i/i  token  of  gratitude,  and  he  per- 
formed   thofe  things  vith  much  y^ravity  and 
reverence.    Thus,  adds  the  autlior,   it  aj)- 

pear ., 


t:  '-{jr^^ 


jtH 


l:W 


u; 


"■y, 


i^H! 


iil 


'ir-i 


m  Ir 


r; 


I     I, 


'  •! ; 


2S6 


^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  III, 


Il'.aciilcs. 


nAuiinr.peiis,  that  tlic  (TiecldinjT  any  jLirt  of  meat 
^'i^'V^^  or  tlrink  on  the  grounit,  is  in  f,'";'Y/  r;ilU-J 
a  f.icriticc,    ami    is    no  civil  or  political 
action. 

I'lu-  \\\nv,  in  mv  opinion,  niay  will  be 
f.iid  of  ill.'  iiiiiom  of  tiic  lildik  ,  ^',cnir,!l- 
ly  to  (pill  a  little  wine  on  the  ground  for 
their  ilcities. 

Nothing  ran  be  more  mean  that  th  -  (lift 
antl  food  of  tht-f-,  ann  all  other  ll',uk.', 
nor  tnorc  niufcous  than  thi  ir  way  of  eating. 
I'he  moll  iifiial  prcvifions  of  the  / ri,r- 
litts  wt re  hnad,  wine,  wheat,  liarley,  me.il 
of  all  (brts  of  grain,  beans,  lentils,  pcafe, 
raifins  liri'-diij;?,  honey,  butter,  oil,  beef, 
mutton,  and  veal  ;  but  moft  efpecially 
grain  and  pulf,-,  as  appears  by  the  account 
of  the  provifion.  /)■;■:■((/ rcieivcd  at  Icveral 
tin)e.s  I'roni  .lb:j.ii:l,  Sihi  and  U/zsl'iii,  anil 
thofe  bri);|',ht    him   to  lle'non. 

This  w.is  alfo  the  tujiiinon  food  of  the 
Iwi'l'ii.ii:',  and  the  R'yUt.ii.'u  in  t!u  ir  loheier 
tuiu  s,  :  n.l  wl-.en  they  applied  then^felves 
te  tillage.  The  great  names  of  l-jbhi:, 
Pi/'o,  Ciicro  and  I.ri:!ului  are  well  kn(;wn 
to  be  il.rived  ironi  feveral  forts  of  grain, 
or  pull'e.  Wliit  life  the  lf'ai-!:tes  made  of 
milk,  may  b.- known  by  the  advice  of  the 
wife  man:  /,■>/  the  milk  oj  yjur  y^oats  fn'i'.i:.' 
for  \ijur  itfihrijl mcnt,  iu:d  jor  lie  icnils  rf 
yr.iir  hoi(f\  V\m'  they  are  allowed  to  ule 
"fidi,  I  do  not  find  it  praftifed  till  the  hit- 
ter ages. 

It  IS  thotiglit  the  ancients  defpifed  ir,  as 
too  I'.iiiity  lor  hardy  men  -,  IL,mcr  ta'.is 
no  n:itice  of  it,  nor  is  it  mentioned  in  \\  hat 
the  G'f.'ks  writ  of  the  heroick  times.  Nor 
do  we  r^-id  that  the  /khrms  ivganinl 
(am  es,  or  (inc  difhcs,  their  fealts  and  b.m- 
qii.  ts  conlilled  of  lolid  fat  meat.  They 
looke''  upon  milk  and  honey  as  the  greatelt 
dainties ;  and  indeed  before  liigar  was 
broiigl-.t  from  the  ll'ct-Ii.mfi^  nodiing  was 
fo  much  v.dued  as  honey.  iMuits  were 
prili-rved  with  it,  and  there  was  no  fine 
pallry  without  it.  The  cream  was  olb  n 
calhd  by  the  name  of  butter,  as  being  the 
mod  delicious  part  of  it.  The  oti'erings 
tnioined  by  the  law  fliow,  that  even  in  the 
d.iys  of  Mo!~c>,  they  had  feveral  forts  of 
pallry,  fome  kneaded  with  oil,  and  fome 
fried  in  oil. 

E  M  I'  I.  O  Y  M  E  N  T    0/  VV  O  M  E  N. 

Come  now  to  the  employment  of  the 
women  at  home.  In  the  evening  they 
fet  by  the  q  lantity  of  corn,  which  is 
tiiought  neceltiry  for  fuiifilling  of  the  fi- 
mily  the  next  day,  which  \%  brought  by  the 
flaves  from  the  houfe  or  barn  where  it  is 
ufually  kept,  without  the  village,  as  before 
mentioned  ;  tho'  others  have  their  ilore- 
houfe  at  home.  That  corn  the  women 
btat  in  a  trunk  of  a  tree  made  hollow  for 


I 


that  purpofc,  like  a  mortar  •,  or  elfe  in  deep 
hol-s  in  rorks  appropriited  for  that  life, 
having  wo  xlcn  pellles  to  beat  it  with  •, 
then  they  winnow  and  .ifterwards  grind  it  on 
.1  ll.it  Hone,  much  as  our  painters  do  their 
colours.  I.allly,  th'-y  mix  it  with  flower 
of  millet,  and  knead  it  into  a  fort  of 
dough,  which  they  divide  into  fmall  round 
pieces,  as  big  as  a  man's  fill,  and  boil  it  in 
a  large  earthen  pot  tull  of  water,  In  the 
nature  of  a  dumplin. 

Tha'.  fort  of  bread  is  indifferent  good,  Brw; 
but  very  heavy  on  the  llomach.  The 
fame  fort  ot  dough  baked  on  very  hot 
Hones  is  much  better  1  and  that  which  is 
made  at  Mind  exceeds  any  other  of  th.it 
toad,  the  women  being  there  more  expert 
at  m  iking  of  ir. 

They  alio  bike  it  into  a  fort  of  bilkit,  toia 
whicii  will  keep  very  good,  three  or  four 
months,  to  vi1l11.1l  the  Inge  canoes,  in 
which  they  m.ike  coalling  voyages,  as  far 
as  /lugol.i.  Btfiiks,  they  make  a  fort  of 
round  twilled  cakes,  called  tlicre  y^iiinqiiis, 
which  are  fold  at  the  markets,  to  fupply 
fueh  people  as  ar.-  unprovided  at  home. 
Thofe  y^Luiffis  are  agreeable  enough. 

Tho'  this  way  of  beating  and  drilTing 
the  corn  is  hard  and  toillbmc  ;  yet  the 
women  perform  it  merrily,  in  the  open 
fcorching  air,  many  of  them  at  the  fime 
time  having    their  infants  at  their  backs. 

The    aged  or  lame    people    are  put  to ^gij,,! 
fome  labour,  or  work  fuitible  to  their  con-'""""- 
dition  ;  lome  to  blow  the  bellows  at  the'  •'"■ 
finith's  forge  ;    others  to  prefs  the  pali,,- 
oil,  or    to  grind  colours    to   make  mats, 
or  to  fit    in    the  mirkcts  with  ]>rovilions 
to  fell,    ;'.ccording  as  the    governours   di- 
red  i  it  being  one  part  of  their  care,  to  fee 
inch    people    employed,    that    they  may 
cam  their  bread.  The  youth  arc  lilted  in 
the  loldiery  of  the  country,    and  thus  no 
perion    goes    about  begging  ;  which    is  a 
thing  highly  commendable  in  the  govern- 
ment of  the  B!:ukr. 

Some  poor  Bl.uk:,  who  know  not  how 
to  fubfill,  will  bind  themlelves  for  a  cer- 
tain fum  of  money,  or  have  it  done  by 
their  friends  :  and  the  jierfon  to  whom 
they  are  lb  bound,  lupplies  them  with  all 
necelTiries,  employing  them  about  fome 
work  that  is  not  flavilh  ;  p.irticularly  they 
are  to  defend  their  patron,  or  mailer  up- 
on occafion,  and  in  fowing-time  they 
work  as  much  as  they  pleale  themlelves. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  Blacks,  tho'  ne- 
ver fo  rich,  and  even  their  kings  are  not 
alhamed  to  beg  any  thing  they  h.ave  a 
mind  to,  tho'  of  never  fo  I'.itle  value  ; 
and  are  fo  importunate  in  it,  that  there  is 
no  getting  rid  of  them  without  giving 
fomething :  but  of  this  more  in  another 
place. 

.     Rain 


Book  111,  Bchap.  20.         Coafis  of  Sovth-Guinea, 


iT7 


r  I'lfe  in  iliTp 
for  tint  uTe, 
at  it  with  i 
is  grind  it  on 
Iters  ilo  thtir 
c  with  flower 
to  a  ton  of 
)  fm.ill  round 
and  boil  it  in 
Mtcr,    in  tiie 

ffercnt  good,  Bmj 
)mach.  The 
on  very  iioi 
that  which  is 
other  of  tli.it 
more  exivjrt 

fort  of  bilktt,  Bui'i. 
three  or  four 
■ge  t  a  noes,  in 
jyagcs,  as  far 
lake   a  fort  of 
liere  yliinnqids, 
L-ts,  to  fujiply 
kii  at  home, 
le  cnoiic;h. 
T  and  drclTing 
inie  -,    yet  tlie 
in    the  open 
m  at  the  fami; 
it  their  backs. 
)le    are  put  toAifJ>J 
lie  to  their  con-  ''■'""  '"■ 
bellows  at  the«"" 
refs  the  p.ili.i- 
make  nuts, 
th  provifioiis 
lOVernoiMs   di- 
;ir  care,  to  Ice 
at    they  ni.iy 
are  lilted  in 
and  thus  no 
which    is  .1 
n  the  govern- 
now  not  how 
Ives  for  a  eer- 
it  done  by 
rfon  to  whom 
them  with  ;ill 
aliout  fonic 
vrticidarly  they 
or  mafter  up- 
ing-time    they 
afe  thcmielves. 
U,uh,  tho'  ne- 
kings  are  not 
ig  they  have  a 
r.itle  value-, 
that  there  is 
without  giving 
ore  in  another 

Raim 


n 


I  it  ■(■; 


Rain  much  Dreaded. 

IT  is fcarce Credible l)ow  much  thofe 5/afi(j 
ill  general  dread  the  rain  fhouldfall  upon 
thir  bodies.  As  foon  as  ever  a  heavy 
fhower  be^Mis  tof.ill,  they  quake,  and  clap 
their  arms  atrofs  over  their  fhoulders,  to 
ktepic  olf  as  niucli  ns  |>oirible,  if  they  can- 
not gi  t  under  Ihelter ;  and  tiiis  apprehen- 
fion  is  Hill  much  gre.iter  at  the  time  of  the 
tornadoes,  when  thty  lliiver,  as  if  they  had 
an  .\'!;ue  u|)on  them  ;  tho'  the  rain  is  com- 
monly lukc-warm,  liie  air  being  violently 
hot.  The  bcIV  reafon  they  can  give  tor 
h.ing  lb  Itrangely  fc.irlii!  of  the  rain  is,  tiiat 
the  water  whicii  f.ilis  is  very  pernicious  and 
iinhtalthy.  For  the  I'lme  realbn,  during  tlie 
'  "  rainy  lealbn  they  all  ktep  fires,  during  the 
"""■''whole  night  in  the  middle  of  their  rooms, 
.IS  has  been  obfervM  in  the  tlefeription  of 
Si- ire,  lying  about  it  in  a  ring,  with  their 
l.ct  to  it,  to  extraft  the  moilhire  co.itracted 
hv  w.ilking  on  the  wet  ground  ;  and  in  the 
iroining  tliey  commonly  anoint  their  body 
:inii  legs  with  palm-oil,  and  the  very  loles 
of  their  feet,  tne  better  zo  repel  the  fup- 
])ored  malignity  of  the  wet. 

Herein  they  lirem  to  follow  the  example 
of  the  Hebrews,  and  all  eattern  nations. 
I'or  this  realbn  the  fcripture  Ipeaks  lb  much 
of  their  waflning  their  feet,  when  they  went 
into  their  houfes  or  tents,  to  walh  off  the 
diitt  that  clung  to  their  teet  and  legs,  be- 
c;iule  they  wore  only  landals,  open  and 
ni,ule  fait  at  the  inltep  with  latchets,  wiih- 
niiC  any  tlotkings.  The  fame  they  pra<5tiled 
when  lying  down  to  their  meals,  as  was  then 
iil'ed,  and  going  to  bed  :  and  in  reg.ird  th.it 
w.ilhing  dries  up  the  (kin  and  hair,  there- 
fore they  afterwards  anointed  it,  either  with 
pl.iinoil,  orelle  with  lome  aromatickballam, 
lomewh.it  like  our  elFence. 

By  whit  has  been  fiid  of  the  nature  and 
uiiwholelbmenefs  of  the  rains  in  the  winter 
tc.i.l'on on  that  coalV,  we  may  conclude  the 
Biii.ks  to  be  in  the  right  in  being  appre- 
tirnfive  ot  it,  being  the  bell  judges  of  its 
ptrnicious  efleifts,  by  conftant  experience  of 
all  .lues. 


C  I  V  1  r,  I  T  V. 
'T'HO'  the  people  of  Guinea  are  thought 
*■  to  know  little  of  ceremony  and  cour- 
tel'y,  yet  rhofe  particularly  who  converlij 
molt  with  Europeans,  when  they  meet  one 
.another  takeoff  their  hats  or  caps  -,  but  the 
inland  people  do  not  look  upon  that  as  any 
aftof  courtpfy  or  refpect.  Neitt,  they  take 
one  another  by  the  arms,  as  if  they  were 
going  to  wrellle,  and  then  by  the  tbre- 
finger  and  the  thumb  of  the  right  iiand, 
as  if  they  would  pinch  them  \  lallly,  when 
they  let  them  go,  they  fnap  them  together, 
fo  as  to  make  a  nolle,  three  levcral  times. 
Vol.  V. 


■it'irr,. 


bowing  their  heads  towards  each  other,  and  "  •■  no  r. 
faying  /iuzy,  Auzy,  which  imports  as  muchl^VN* 
as  good-morrow,  or  good-day  to  you.  Then 
theoncalks,  how  did  you  fleep  ?  The  other 
anfwers,  very  well  •,  and  tlien  .ifks  the  fame 
qucflion  of  the  firft  -,  who,  it  he  his  (lept  well 
tells  him  lo.  Whence  may  be  imply'd,  that 
they  look  upon  Ibund  flecp  to  be  a  fure 
token  of  health.  When  the  Elacki  of  the 
coall  meet  with  an  European,  they  only  take 
off  their  hat,  or  cap,  and  drawing  back 
one  foot,  as  we  call  making  a  leg,  fay, 
/Iqui  Segnor.  Some  will  alio  take  him  by 
the  fingers  of  the  right  hand,  and  nip  them 
with  their  fore  finger  ind  thumb,  making 
a  Inap,  as  they  do  .iniong  themlelves. 

Others,  as  about  Miii.i,  being  men  ofothtrfm ti 
any  note,  when  they  filute  one  another, 
after  the  iiniverf.il  ceremony  of  taking  by 
the  hand,  and  then  withdrawing  it  with  a 
Ihapping  of  the  fingers,  fay,  Bere,  Hue; 
that  is,  peace,  p  ace.  Interiors  fduic  their  fu- 
l)criors  after  this  m.inner-,  they  firll  wet  their 
finger  in  their  mo  ith,  then  rub  it  on  their 
llomach,  and  th.it  done,  prcfent  it  to  the 
liiperior. 

Upon  vifuing,  the  pertbn  vifued  takes  n;//;.^? 
his  gueft  by  the  h.uid,  .md  nipping  his  two 
middle  F.ngtirs  togitlitr,  only  bills  him 
welcome  ;  if  it  be  his  lirlt  vifit :  but  if  he 
has  been  there  before,  and  is  making  ano- 
ther vifit,  he  bids  him  welcome,  faying  ; 
ToH  'Jieut  out  and  are  returned.  To  which 
the  other  anfwers,  /  am  come  a^ain.  This 
is  the  (lolite  behaviour  and  manner  of  l.i- 
luting  among  then. 

When  vifited  by  p?rfons  of  another CiW'Vyw 
country, they  lliow  them  very  much  civility  ■Jlr'tn^tn. 
and  as  Ibon  as  the  compliments  are  over  on 
both  fides,  the  \vi\es,  or  female  tlives  hi  ing 
water,  palm-oil,  or  a  tort  of  ointment  l:ke 
greafe,  to  wafh  .ind  anoint  the  flr.inger  : 
as  was  prai'filed  in  the  firff  ages  of  the 
world  by  the  eafiern  nations,  who  iileii  to 
wafli  and  anoint  the  teet  ot  th 'ir  guetls ;  as 
for  iiillance,  in  .■l.'.rab.im,  walliinjj,  the  hea- 
venly guetls  that  were  lent  to  him.  Gen. 
xviii.  4.  and  our  Saviour  walhing  the  feet 
of  his  difciples. 

When  a  king,  or  other  5/,;.  k  of  the  high-  ,,^,j  ^, 
eft  r.ink  defigns  to  vilit  another  of  the  (mw  kinp,i;.Ci 
degree,  and  is  come  to  or  near  the  village 
or  place,  where  the  pcrfon  to  be  vifited  re- 
fides,  he  commonly  lends  tome  of  his  re- 
tinue to  compliment  him  ■,  who  lends  one 
of  his  own  train  back  with  the  other  that 
came  to  him,  to  return  the  compliment  to 
the  vifitor,  and  allure  him  of  a  hearty  wel- 
come. In  the  mean  time  his  toldiers,  to  the 
number  of  three  or  tour  hundred  .ire  ilr.iwii 
up  in  the  market-place,  or  befoie  thepal.ice, 
to  do  honour  to  his  gucll,  who  advances 
but  flowly,  attended  by  a  great  number  of 
armed  men,  who  all  leap  and  dance  with  a 
fort  of  martial  cidence  and  noife. 

IJ  u  u  Bring 


A    !■ 


UW 


II  I' 


miii 


298 


y4  Defcription  of  the 


Book  Ifl, 


rtrimomis 


Hauhot  Briiip  thiK  fomr  to  the  place  where  the 
^^V^  pjrtdii  vifitcil  fits,  txp.iflint;  liis  coming, 
lie  ilt't.irhfs.ill  his  .\inieil  atieiul.ints  ot  any 
tlillindion  to  prd'ciit  their  hamls,  by  w.iy 
ot  r.iKititioii  to  the  others  men,  thir  are 
ahoiit  him,  .i<.  vvi  II  ;u  to  themalhr.  When 
this  (ercmony  is  over,  the  two  kings,  or 
great  men,  laci)  r.irrying  his  niiclii,  ap- 
proiich  one  another.  II  the  vifiti-r  be  ot 
a  hijjiier  ilct;rec  thin  the  other,  or  the  latter 
imlm'il  to  give  him  an  extraordinary  re- 
leption,  he  rmbraees  anil  bids  him  wcl- 
lome  three  times  liiccefrively  i  but  if  he  who 
vifits  be  ot'  an  interior  rank,  then  the  vifited 
makes  three  levLral  advames  to  wtleome 
him,  eat  h  time  only  prelentin!',  his  hand, 
and  filliping  liis  middle  finger.  This  done, 
the  vifitant  fits  down,  with  iiis  retinue,  di- 
rectly before  the  other,  expecting  his  com- 
ing to  Welcome  him,  with  his  attendants  •, 
which  the  vifited  prefently  I'e.foims,  by 
three  circular  advances,  .uui  then  returns 
to  hi>  own  place  and  fits  liown,  fending 
fomc  otficers  to  lahite  the  rell  ot  the  vifit- 
ing  lomp.iny,  toenqiiire  after  their  health, 
and  tile  occafion  of  tiieir  coming,  which  the 
chief  generally  anfwers  by  melTcngers  ot 
his  own. 

This  ceremony  commonly  lafts  an  hour 
or  two,  or  till  the  vifitetl  riles,  .uid  tlefiies 
his  friend  to  go  into  his  houl'e,  where  he 
caules  him  to   be  prcfentei  "he  great 

men  of    the   village,    wit.  fowls, 

yams,  potatoes,  or  other  ae  ■  .things; 
befides  which,  there  are  n;....j  other  cere- 
monies too  tedious  to  be  particularly  men- 
tioned. 
I'tpftj^ini.  I  have  before  ohfervcd,  that  the  Blacks 
on  the  G-'.i!  C'^.iil  were  naturally  indinable 
to  leek  their  cafe,  and  averfe  to  labour ; 
it  is  certain  neverthclefs,  that  there  are  very 
many  who  induftrioufly  apply  themfelves 
to  fomc  particular  protefTion,  or  haiidicratt, 
as  7iicnhantiy  faclon  or  brokers,  a^tA.l  and 
b/dck-Jhiilbs,  fijlt-rnien,  canoe,  or  houfe  car- 
fcKteri,  pilt-hotlers,  potters,  ?nat-makers,  biif- 
iandmen,  fortcrs,  ivalcrmen  or /atllers,  and 
foIMers ;  in  each  of  which  prolefTions  they 
not  only  endeavour  to  live,  but  to  grow 
rich,  being  much  encouraged  fo  to  do  by 
the  example  of  the  Europeans,  to  whom 
they  are  now  nothing  inferior  in  covetouf- 
nefs ;  whereas  formerly  they  were  fatisficd 
with  bare  necefl"iries  to  fupport  life. 

Having  from  the  beginning  of  this  de- 
fcription refolved  not  to  omit  any  minute 
circumftancc  that  Ihould  occur  to  my  me- 
mory, I  fhall  now  give  fome  account  of 
each  of  the  atorefaid  protisflions  on  the 
Gold  Coajl  i  the'  fome  perhaps  may  think  it 
too  trivial,  yet  it  may  be  acceptable  to 
others  no  lefs  judicious,  wherefore  I  fliall 
take  them  in  the  fame  order  as  mentioned 
above. 


M  I  R  (•  11  A  N  t  s. 
T  Have    before  obferved,  that  trading  isF/r/!,,^,, 

the  emjiloyment  of  the  prime  hlacks,'''" 
both  in  r.ink  and  riches.  The  French,  .\< 
cording  to  fome  .iiithors,  having  been  poi- 
felfed  ofthecalUeof  .V/(»/<;,lor  about  an  huii 
dred  yeari,  without  interruption,  from  then 
firrt  loundingof  it  in  the  year  1 5S  ;,  and  the 
PoriKfjteJe  having  fupplanted  them  in  14S4  ; 
each  of  thole  two  nations  Ivid  in  a  manner 
the  folc  tr.ide  on  that  coall,  iluring  thole 
former  centuries,  turnifliing  the  natives  witli 
many  things  they  had  never  before  focn 
or  hc.irtl  ot  •,  which  prov'd  li)  acceptable 
and  ufetui  to  them  all  in  general,  as  well 
on  the  faiticoall  asf.ir  up  the  inlanti,  tli.u 
ihole  ne.ir  the  li.M  embr.iced  the  commerce 
lrt)m  the  firlf  coming  ot  the //vwi/^amoiic 
thcin  i  buying  their  goods  to  lell  again  to 
the  inland  people  ne.ircit  to  them,  who 
again  carried  thole  goods  to  others  nioie 
remote  ;  and  fo  from  hand  to  hand  tlicy 
convey'd  them  even  beyond  the  \\vev .\ii;,>, 
the  prices,  as  may  be  im.igin'd,  advancing 
the  farther  they  were  carried,  and  yet  the 
comn.odities  were  every  where  acceptable, 
as  being  not  only  new,  but  alio  uletul. 

In  procefs  ot  time  the  myllery  of  tr.nle,  , 
was  well  eftablilli'd  among  thole  people, ;j,,'',' 
in  every  part  of  it,  many  of  them  applying 
themfelves  wholly  to  it,  and  the  prctii 
being  confiderable,  many  from  the  inlaiul, 
thought  it  worth  while  to  come  down  to 
the  coaft,  to  buy  Ktiropean  goods  of  the 
Poriu^iiefe  and  other  lyhiies,  to  furnifh  the 
markets  in  their  feveral  provinces ;  others 
i'ettling  there  with  their  families,  as  brokers 
and  factors  tor  their  correfponilents,  ,,■- 
filling  in  remoter  parts,  great  numbers  ot 
which  fort  are  to  be  found,  fettled  at  many 
places  under  the  European  forts,  cfpecially 
.It  Co.imendo,  Miiia,  Corfo,  Mutiree,  Cor- 
tnetitin,  and  /kra,  as  has  been  mentioiuil 
before.  Thus  in  prwefs  of  time,  from  gc 
neration  to  generation,  therefortof  tradini; 
lil.uki\\M  been  greater  and  gre-ater,  asihe 
feveral  European  lettlements  at  the  co.ilt 
have  encreafed  the  plenty  of  goods,  ami 
conlequently  lelTened  their  prices ;  which 
has  been  a  greater  encouragement  to  thole 
people  to  drive  the  greater  trade  in  the  re- 
mote inland  countries,  and  by  it  very  niary 
have  been  valHy  enriched,  andfo  eafily  in- 
duced to  perpetuate  fo  beneficial  a  profeffion 
in  their  pofVcrity. 

I  have  been  told,  that  when  the  Euro  "■'' 
peans  firlt  came  acquainted  with  thole  peoi'le,''^'^ ' 
many   of  the  inland  Bla:ks,  who,  as  well ' 
out  of  curiofity  as  for  profit,  ventiireil  to 
comedown  to  the  coaft,  to  fee //^/ji.v  nun, 
a  thing  wholly  new    to  them,    they  were 
afraid  to  come  near  them   becaule  of  the 
whitenefs  of  their  complexion ;   and  much 

Ids 


BookIII,!  Chap.20.        Coafts  o/" South-Guinea. 


ifP 


u  trading  isrir/i„|., 
rime  Miacki,'''"' 
:  French,  :v- 
np  been  iKil- 
ihouc  an  hun- 
n,  from  tlvir 
5S ;,  and  the 
licm  in  14K4  i 

in  .1  tiianner 

during  thole 
ien;uivL's  with 
r  bctori;  (ecu 
()  .icn.'pt.il)lo 
H'lal,  a>.  well 

inland,  tli.it 
the  comnuTcc 
J  ii-udj  anioiii^ 
i  li'll  again  to 
I  them,  who 
)  otlurs  more 

to  hand  they 
he  1  iver  -Viifi'-, 
iM,  advancing 
I,  and  yet  the 
L-ri'  acceptable, 
ilk)  iilttul. 
Mlery  of  tr.ule j.^i,, ^, 

thole  people,, jj., ' 
them  applying 
ind  the  prohi 
om  the  inlaiul, 
come  down  id 
(  goods  ot  the 

to  turnifhthe 
winces ;  others 

ies,  as  brokers 

"pondcnts,    .e- 

at  numbers  of 
fettled  at  many 
jrts,  efpecially 

Mvttree,    Coi- 

lecn  mentioned 

ime,  from  ge 
)rt  of  trailint; 

greater,  as  the 

at    the  coall 

goods,    and 

orices  v    which 

jCment  to  thole 

Tide  in  the  re- 

ly  it  very  mar.y 

indfo  eafily  in- 
ial  a  profeffion 

hen  the  Euro  ^■^'^\ 
11.-  1   /"'"•' 

,h  thole  peoplc,'^^^„ 

who,  as  well ' 

It,  ventured  l(> 

fee  IVbitu  men, 

m,    they  were 

Dccaufc  of  the 

)ni    and  much 

kli 


left  woukl  they  venture  to  go  aboard  tluir 
(hips,  being  friglued  ai  the  Iwtlliiig  and 
breaking  ol  the  waves,  and  becaule  luch 
as  ever  did  ha/aril  tiumlilves  were  lea  fick, 
having  never  been  iileil  to  that  element, 
whith  had  luih  violent  o|ieration  on  them, 
llut  Ibmedieiliif  it.  This  fo  much  daun- 
ted thole  inland  people,  th.u  wiien  return- 
ed home,  they  thought  it  l)cll  to  employ 
as  fadors  or  brokeis,  either  lome  o(  thole 
fi!,iiki  living  on  the  coall,  or  lome  ot  their 
own  kindred  01  i oiintry men,  lent  to  leuh- 
there  and  do  i)urine(s  for  them,.dlowing  them 
a  comi)etint  profit  out  of  the  goods  they 
Ihiiuld  buy,  fur  their  account.  'I'lience  as 
the  trade  increafed  in  the  c<)urle  of  a  cen- 
tury or  iiK)re,  tlv  number  ot  thole  factors 
or  lirokers  has  alio  multiplied  to  whai  they 
now  are  1  as  has  the  number  of  lairs  ,ukI 
niarisets  in  many  pans  ol  tli.it  v  ill  coun- 
try. 

I'hofe  Guinra  merchants  and  fadlors  com- 
niiinly  go  .iboanl  the  Enropi'iiin  lliips  and 
to  the  lorts,  or  l.idories,  to  buy  fuih  goods 
as  they  have  occafion  tor,  either  for  their 
proper  account,  or  by  conimiflion. 

Thole  who  go  aboard  the  Ihips,  which 
many  do  as  loon  as  they  fee  them  at  an- 
chor,  otten  going  out,   when    they    only 
hear  of  their  Ix'ing  near  their  places  of  a- 
bode,    in   fmall  neat  canoes,    paddled  by 
two  Blackf,  the  merchant  or  factor  fitting 
in  the   middle   of  it   on  a   little   wooden 
feat,  or  rtool,  with  a  pipe  in   his  mouth, 
hibcymitcr  liy  him,  .uid  a  balket  ofrufhe> 
or  flraw  to  hold  the   things  he  intends  to 
buy,  and  for  tear  the  cuioe  Ih'juld  over-ki, 
Irjjinf    'IS  otten  hai)pens,   he  keeps  the  gold  which 
iNjfj     is  to  purihale  the  goods  he  defigns  to  buy 
in  a  little  leather  bag,    or  a    fmall    box, 
made  fill   to  the  girdle  that  is  .iboui  his 
waill,  or  in  a  fort  01  handkerchict  well  tied 
about  his  neck,  lo  as   it  may   be  no  hin- 
drance  to   him  in  Iwimming,  if  he  lliould 
have  occafion,  till  the  paddlers  have  turned  it 
up  again,  and  thrown  out  the  water,  which 
they    do  very  dexteroufly,    and   in  a  lliort 
time,  iho'  the  fea  runs  never  lo  high  1  as  I 
Ihall  have  occafion  to  mention  more  pai- 
tiailarly. 
(jf'.;,         The  ((uantity  of  gold  a  tai'tor  commonly 
U;f|r«r  carries  aboard  Ihips,  confillsol  lilteen,  twcn- 
Kmiriii.  (y^  or  more  fmall  parcels,  wrapped  up  in 
bits  of  Hull',  or  linen,  or   leather,  tied  at 
the  top,  like    a   purfe  ;  and  tlio'    I  never 
could   obferve  any   mark  on  any    of  the 
many    I    h.id  thus  brought    aboard,    yet 
thole   fadors  exactly  know   whole    every 
parcel  is,  and  what  goods  they  arc  ordered 
to  purchate  with  it,  and  that  without  any 
other  !  jlp  than  Ibength  of  memory  -,  the 
Blacks,  as  I  have  faid,  being  utter  ftrangers 
to  writing  and  reading. 


F.ich  perfon  that  employs,  gives  themnARiior. 
his  gold  by  weight  alhore  ■,  and  if  that  '«^V^^ 
weight  tails  lluirt  aboard,  or  in  the  Euro- 
[enn  f.idorics,  when  tluy  go  thither  to  buy 
goods,  he  makes  it  up  out  of  tome  of  the 
other  parcels,  taking  notice  of  the  (quantity, 
to  lie  accountable  to  rjie  owners. 

The  ililVerence  in  weight  often  occafions  Furopia* 
great  contells  between  the  fujiercargo  of  the '"""'• 
fhip  anil  the  .Ifric^ii  taftors ;  becaule  many 
ot  our  Eurnjiwis  making  no  fcruplc  to 
weigh  the  gold  by  a  heavier  weight  than 
they  ought,  as  I  have  alre.idy  obfervetl,  the 
HLhki  can  t'carce  lubmit  to  be  fo  bafely 
iiiipol'ed  upon,  and  lome  will  rathci  return 
to  thore  without  purihafing  any  gooils. 

On  the  other  hand,  I  took  notice  of  fe -<-''"«"  «A 
veral  of  thole  labors,  who,  either  to  make'''''^'^'^'''' 
the  parcelot  gold  anfwer,  or  exceed,  would 
flily  blow  upon  tiie  Icale  it  was  in  •,  others 
making  a  fhow,  as  it  they  added  more 
gold,  would  take  it  up  between  their  nails, 
which,  as  I  have  oblerved,  are  very  long, 
and    the  tops  of  their  lingers. 

'I'hey  are  generally  very  cautious  in  the'-'-iwi'i'H,''- 
choiceof  the  wares  they  are  to  buy,  whe-'"'''' 
ther  well  conditioned,  ami  of  the  quantity 
and  quality  ot  the  I'amples,  oroftheufual 
llandard  :  and  this  ever  fince  the  EurdpeiVit, 
were  to  bate  as  to  difgiace  themlelves 
formerly  feveral  times  by  impofing  on  thole 
people  i  for  till  then  the  Blacki  having  an 
extraordinary  opinion  of  the  candor  and  in- 
tegrity of  I  f'/jiie  nun,  took  whatfoever  they 
fold  them  [\\>on  content,  without  any 
Icrutiny  or  examination. 

I  lli.ill  hereafter  let  down  at  length  tlic 
feveral  torts  of  E.'iropcaii  goods,  comiiion- 
ly  told  at  the  (joUCo.iJI,  aiul  the  ules  they 
are  put  to. 

The  m.uk',  who  buy  goads  aboard  fhipsAim/.'j'j/j. 
tor  their  pi  oper  account,  which  is  general- 
ly in  the  tiimmer  tealon,  tor  the  moil  part 
keep  them  to  dilput'^i  ot',  when  the  had 
weather  comes  oil,  there  being  fewer  tra- 
ding fliips  at  that  time. 

i'he  profit  ot  the  brokers,  or  fadors,  hFithn 
alio  confiderable  ;  tor  the  inland  people, 
who  by  re.ilon  of  their  remotenefs  are  un- 
acquainted with  ilie  ul'ual  prices  thole  goods 
are  fold  at,  are  generally  impofed  on  by 
tliofe  brokers,  or detiauded  by  them  in  the 
weight  i)r  iiu.dure:  and  tho' tome  of  thole 
who  employ  brokers  to  buy  for  them,  are 
themlelves  at  times  prefent  aboard  the  fliips, 
yet  thofe  cratiy  fadors  will  cheat  th.cm  to 
their  faces,  t  ither  in  concert  with  the  fuper- 
c.irgo,  or  by  amufing  them  with  lome  Ham, 
w'hilll  another  broker  or  BLick,  who  is  in 
the  I'ecret,  cuts  olf  tome  part  of  the  linen 
andllufl'  he  has  bought  for  them,  or  alters 
the  weight  of  what  is  weigluble,  or  mixes  j./,„v 
liquors  with  water.     As  tor  inftance  ot  this/Mn./ 

fraud 


%'I  i 


*  ,  ■■V'  It n 


i^'U 


•    Ir;!!^     K¥ 


MM".- 
1(1 


'  2j  ;!•!:'' 


!::'5 


•if,  ^^   ■'' 
ii'i''  ifl'll.'i'"' 


r»'ii 


!    It 


Vii 


i..l. 

j.|i 

1 

1   'M 

1 

li 

y 

\i 

i6o 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  III.  Iihap.  : 


I'^T'IIl'j f"""^!  '"  liqnKlsi  I  hive  fan  fome  in  cape 
^^^^^  Cor.o  null,  who  liy  tli.it  imuiis  (^.liiu'il  tlirie 
anchors  ot  br.imly  •'!  onr  time,  on  .i  pirccl 
they  h.ul  bought  t'orothtrs.  The  bfttir  to 
ronciMJ  tluii  kii.ivi'ry,  they  icivc  th  it  al)o.in.i 
till  night,  whiih  ihey  h.ue  (letr.iiuieil  others 
of  in  the  tl.iy,  .mil  then  ri  turn  ahoaril  to 
I'lnvey  it  privately  afliore,  running  it  in  the 
dark,  to  prevent  its  lieing  lii/eil  by  tiie 
Oiild'  faftors,  ai  I'lich  pi  ices  as  are  uniler 
their  iurirJii"(ii)ii,  or  at  oilier  places  exempt 
trom  the  iloniinion  ol  thi  Ihitih,  tu  lave 
the  kinj;'s  rulloin  or  ilmies. 

Another  way  thole  laclors  have  to  ile- 
ccive  their  principals,  is  in  tlie  weighing  ot 
the  gold  thiy  are  to  be  intrulleil  with  to 
biiygooil.:  wiuii  the  cr.ctty  knaves  will 
put  then  hanils  into  the  liales,  as  ii  were 
to  pick  out  loiiv:  gravel  or  Imall  Hones, 
tiiat  happen  to  lie  lonuiinvs  i.iix.-ii  with  it( 
^nil  Ionic  ot  the  gold  nev^r  t.'ils  t.»  be 
loilged  under  their  long  hooked  nails, 
whence  they  convey  it  into  their  mouth, 
not",  or  ears,  and  fonieiimes  between  their 
toes.  In  fhori  ihcy  ..re  moll  ex|Hri  thieves 
:ind  perhajis  in  tli.it  dexterity  outdo  tiie 
moll  Ikiltiil  ot  the  ancient  I .lU cdcmonuins. 
They  alio  arc  eonfidirable  gainers  by  the 
dally  or  prelent,  which  the  /-Jf/Y/r.iw.i,  cither 
aboard  their  Ihips,  or  in  the  torts  or  fac- 
tory mull  unavoiilably  make  them,  when 
they  ha\c  agreed  lor  nny  p.'.rcel  ot  goods ; 
wliich  leads  me  to  lay  Ibmething  in  particu- 
lar concerning  thole  pielents. 
d  Tiic  Dutch  tirll  brought  uj)  that  ililagrce- 
able  an  I  burtkniomc  cullom.  Tluir  defign 
at  full  was  only  to  draw  ofi'the  Ii.A(ki  trom 
trading  with  the  Poriitgnrft: ;  but  thole 
ptople  having  once  found  the  fweet,  could 
never  be  broke  of  it,  iho'  the  Pir.ii^uffe 
were  actually  exix-Jletl  .ill  ihe  places  ot  iraiie 
tiiey  h.id  been  iiolllired  of  on  the  coall ; 
but  it  became  an  inviolable  cullom,  lor  all 
fjO' peiii:i  as  well  as  the  Dutch.  .Some  of 
thole  peojile  are  lb  very  eager,  that  they 
will  demand  it  with  much  importunity,  c- 
ven  before  they  bargain  lor  any  thing,  which 
lb  a  great  trouble  and  lols,  becaule  it  lowers 
the  profit  upon  goods,  by  four  or  five  per 
Coil,  and  occafions  great  contefts  and  cla- 
mours; many  of  the  Blacki  not  reding  fa- 
tislied  with  what  is  ofTercd  them,  cfpccially 
the  poorer  fort. 

Another  encumbrance  in'roduccd  alio  by 
the  Dutch,  betbre  they  were  fettled  in  a  com- 
pany, cxclufive  to  all  others  of  their  nation, 
and  which  is  alio  extended  to  all  other 
Europeans  trading  thither,  is,  that  feveral 
fhips  happening  in  thofe  times  to  meet  to- 
gether on  that  coaft,  each  particular  com- 
mander, or  fupcr-cargo,  oH'ered  fome  par- 
ticular gratification  to  fuch  broker  or  fac- 
tor, as  would  prefer  him  in  the  tale  of  his 
cargo,  and  procure  him  mod  buyers ;  and 


ihein. 


Dutch. 


Other 
i>f'i- 


proniilird  them  dill  preatfr  rewardi,  if  they 
would  bring  them  lome  of  the  rich  inlaml 
tr.iders,  becaule  thole  generally  buy  mucli 
gre.iter  ijuantities  ot  goods,  tli.in  any  ol' 
thole  living  on  the  Ihore.  This  prailice  is 
lltll  more  .inil  more  in  ule  at  this  time, 
when  the  number  ot  trading  Ihips  trom 
many  p.nts  of  Kurufc,  is  tar  greater  than 
it  Was  ibrnierly,  .md  conlequently  obliges 
every  .i,,'nr  or  comniander,  to  procuii- 
what  cullomers  he  can  by  fuch  pronulet 
and  gratifuations, 

Tlie  men  h.uitsand  taftors  gene/.illv  come 
aboard  the  Hups,  a  little  alter  !un  riling, 
with  the  l.indbreeze,  which  makes  the  lea 
pretty  calm  1  .md  nturn  again  .ilhore  a- 
bout  noon,  with  the  It.i  bree/r,  which  tlipv 
call  ,h/jtiil'>etou,  belore  it  blows  loo  Irelli,,, 
and  the  fa  runs  high.  If  they  have  .wiyK^.! 
of  the  inl.md  i>co|ile  with  them,  they  will  '  ■ 
retutii  .illiore  .ilxjut  ilvm  ot  iheiiock, 
jull  at  the  beginning  ot  tlie  brec  ze,  belore 
the  lla  is  rough  ;  bec.uife  thofe  inland 
filicki  c.'.nnot  endure  it  ;  and  at  their  l.ind- 
ing  on  the  be.u  li,  ihey  are  met  by  alnm- 
d.iiue  ot  young  Rhuk.',  wlio  ulually  wait 
there  about  tli.it  time,  tiir  the  return  of 
the  canoes,  fome  to  unlade  the  goods  they 
are  loaded  with,  and  others  to  carry  the 
canoes  albore,  and  lay  them  with  the  bot- 
tom upwanls  on  lome  Ihort  [xjlls  lluck  in 
the  grounil  for  that  purpole,  that  they  may 
dry  the  (()oner  ;  anil  for  that  fervice  the 
owners  of  the  eanoes  allow  them  a  certain 
reward,  either  of  the  laid  goods  in  fpecie, 
or  in  gold  Krnkni.  Their  bufinels  is  alio  to 
h(lp  when  c.inoes,  either  empty  or  laden, 
clianc  e  to  be  over-let,  as  it  often  does  when 
they  come  near  the  beach,  by  the  break- 
ing of  the  waves.  Upon  fuch  occafions 
they  are  not  eafily  latisfied  with  what  is 
given  them,  pleading  great  merit. 

'I'hole  who  ixiine  fiom  the  inlanil  coun- 
tries, to  trade  with  the  Europe. mu  either  a- 
fliore,  or  aboard  their  Ihips,  are  tbr  the 
moll  part  flaves  •,  one  of  which  number,  in 
whom  the  mailer  confides  moll,  is  ap- 
pointed the  chief  of  that  caravan  a-foot, 
the  goods  liought  being  carried  by  thofe  ^.^j, 
flaves  to  their  h.ibitations  up  the  country,  rl^j, 
as  afing  neither  carts  nor  iiorfes.  Thele/'.".- 
flav.'s  carry  all  on  their  flioulders  or  backs, 
fo  that  if  there  be  any  confiderable  parcel 
of  goods,  it  requires  a  lonfiderable  luini- 
ber  of  ilaves  to  tranfport  it  fo  tar,  cfpccially 
when  the  goods  are  ponderous,  as  lead,  iron, 
or  tin;  two  or  three  hundred  weight  where- 
of, rt quires  fifty  men  or  more.  The  F.uyo- 
peans  commonly  fhow  much  civility  to  the 
chiels  of  fuch  companies  ot  Haves,  and  are 
fo  far  from  treating  them  according  to  their 
fervileconditi  )n,  that  they  lludy  all  ways  to 
oblige  them,  well  knowing  they  are  in  \\x- 
cial  favour  with  their  mailers,  and  may  go 

to 


Book  III.  ItHAP-  ^^-        ^'^^ft^  <South-Guinea. 


261 


i 


di,  if  ilicy 
ri("l\  inl.iml 
buy  nnirli 
in  iny  d' 
praibce  11 
tins  linu-, 
Ihn's  Iroin 
ri'.uiT  itun 
tly  oblipfs 
(I  procure 
li  iiromili:^ 

t'i-.illv  come 

!un  riling, 
kcs  the  Ic.i 

allidii'  .1 
whirh  tlif  V 

■s  coo  Irdlic, 

I  \\\\\x  any  it*'«  < 
,  llicy  will''" 

iIk-  cio(.k, 
i/i',  l)(li)ri 
lote  inl.iiul 
:  tluir  l.iiul- 
c  by  .ibun- 
iHi.illy  wait 
e  return  of 

goods  thry 
o  carry  the 
th  the  bot- 
jfls  lluck  in 
\t  they  may 

fervice  the 
tm  a  certain 
[^Is  in  fpccie, 

els  is  alio  to 
or  laden, 
loes  when 
the  break- 
occalions 
ii  what  is 

lantl  lOim- 
either  a- 
re  tor  the 
nunibcr,  in 
lit,  is  ap- 
an  a-toot, 

I'y   thole  (;„, 
he  country,  rW : 
Theley.'^-.' 
or  backs, 
able  parcel 
•rable  niini- 
elpecially 
lead,  iron, 
ight  where- 
rhe  Eiiro- 
ility  to  the 
es,  and  are 
ing  to  tin  ir 
all  ways  to 
are  in  fpe- 
niay  go 
10 


es. 


>;»  >:">■'• 


to  other /'!//rarc(j«  forts  or  fliips  J  lor  winch    leagues  to  lea,  conimoiity  with  one  p,ii!('Vi,n  •• 
r..ilon  they  arc  oticr     etter  ului  than  their     or  rower,  biluKsthe  lilhernun  •,  and  fome^/VS^ 
inalUrs  would  be  it  prelent.  witli  two,  as  alio  their  fdhinu;  tackle,  ccn- 

Thole  inland  Hln  ku  who  comedown  filling  of  ^reat  and  I'lnall  hooks,  and  harp- 
withoui  flaves  ot  their  own  to  carry  back  in^;  irons,  whuh  they  ulc  dextcroudy  when 
the  coninioiliticK  purdialed,  hire  either  the  hooks  have  cauj;lit  a  l'il]i  100  bi^  for 
li\e  iiKH  or  ll  ivi'.,  who  commonly  live  the  line  10  bear.  They  are  alio  turr'lheil 
under  the  torts,  at  I'ui  h  ritfs  is  they  can  with  callinj;,  and  other  large  nets,  fomc 
.ii'iie  u|xin,  aicordinj);  to  the  dillance  ot  twenty,  and  others  twenty  tour  lathom  long, 
the  places  the  goods  are  to  be  carrieil  to  1  made  of  the  coco  thnail  or  yarn  which 
wliich  is  a  confidcrable  advantage  to  thole  they  fpin,  anil  of  vhich  their  lines  arc 
,it  the  coalt,  tlio'  the  money  is  hardly  alio  made.  They  place  their  nets  in  the 
ciioiiiih  earned,  thole  poor  wretches  having  tea  over  night,  not  tar  from  the  lliorc,  in 
|ii''li  liillsto  climb,  and  bad  ways  to  paf'i.  the  months  ot  O.ifhrr  and  hiovemba-,  te- 
I'lie  car.ivaiis  u,()  gener.illv  well  armed  curing  the  two  eiuls  with  llonrs,  and  draw 
t(i  ilekn.l  themlilves  .'.«,iiiill  robbers,  ,wul  them  in  tiie  mornniL;,  when  they  .irccom- 
vuld  beaiN.  nionly  tiill  of   all  Ions  oi   lilh  ;  the  coatV 

J      1  lie  men  h.'.i'.ts  and  t,ic>ors  on  that  eo.ill     beiii^;  every  where  l^leiuilully  llortd,    as.  I 
pay  for  tile  commodities  tiiey  buy,  not  only     have  already  oblerveel. 

I'.vcry   tilherm.in   always  carrries  a  ky -  Mti.iur  tf 
miter  inhisianoe,  wiiii  fomebreail,  vv.itrr,/i;i'Wf. 
and  a  lii'.le  fne,  on  a  Hat  1 1'ge  Hone,  toioall 
filh,  wlien  lie  has  oic.UiDn.      The  rover,  or 
pai.idler  commonly  fits  at  the  lKTn,|iaiUilin;5 
veryflowly,  and  the  other  llaiuls,  both  of 


in  "I'ld,  but  in  Haves,  which  iheyc.dlby 
the  y'i;vv!f/(i;,r  name  diivo:,  carrying  two, 
tiiiee.  or  more  aboard  top;ether  in  .1  canoe. 
."^unietiines  they  in  cliat  manner  cirry  ^',re.it 
nanibvis  of  tlaves  aboarel,  at  other  tinus 
tfwcr,  aciorilin^  as  they   h.ippen  to  be  at 


[nate  or  war  with  tlu'ir  neis^hbours.     In  the    them  j'lyiiH!;  the  filli  with  lon|r  aiiil  flioit 

lines,  ibme  ol  whieh  li  ivc  live  or  fix  luioks 
hanging  .it  tiiem.  Some  make  fall  a  line 
about  their  heails,  others  hoKling  it  in  tiieir 
hanels  •,  and  thus  I  have  olten  lecn  them 
draw  up  live  or  fix  lilhes.it  one  tall  ot  ,1 
line.  They  labour  thus  till  about  noon, 
anil   feklom  later,    becaule    then  the  wind 


vcar  16N2,  I  couUl  get  but  very  few,  be 
caule  there  was  at  that  time  almoll  a  ge- 
ntrr.il  peace  among  the  liLxi!<s  along  C  • 
coall^  1  anil  conlti]iiently  they  were  two  or 
tnree  pieces  ot  eight  >i  niin  dearer  than 
at  my  tormer  voya'j;e.  I  lliall  have  oica 
lion  to  tpcak  more  particulaily  ot  llavcs, 
tonlidcr'ei  as  a  i)eculiar  commodity. 


tiom  the  mkind  countries,  or  from  thtcoalls 
ot  ylHUfiti  anei  C.vm^p,  brought  in  c.inoe?, 
they  commonly  m.ike  iile  ol  them  to  mike 
blowing  horns,  or  trumpets,  and  in  other 
ways,  as  for  rings  about  their  irms,  is'c. 

Nor  is  there  any  i|U,miity  ol  w,ix  to  be 
hud,  iinUls  it  be  aieident.illy,  though  there 
is  enough  of  it  ;  but  the  natives  having  learnt 
to  m.ik -candles  ot  it,  Ipend  it  that  way. 


\ll.''.L 


begins  to  blow  very  ti'elli,  and  li)  they  re- 
There  are  very  lew  ele()h.int's  teeth  fuld  turn  alliore  with  the  lea-bree/.e,  each  canoe 
ong  tile  coartjlortho' the  natives  have  them     being   gener.dly  well  llor'il  with  tilli,  tlierc 

being  lueii  plenty  in  tliat  k.\^  as  has  been 
laid.  Thole  who  Itay  out  Liter,  ikfign  to 
difpofe  of  tlieir  lifli  aboard  tlie  lliips  for 
br.mdv,  g.irliek,  hooks,  .ind  other  ineonti- 
derable  things  •,  as  tiiread,  needl  s,  pipes, 
pins,  tobacco,  bui^li-.,  oniiniry  kniv.j,  old 
liars,  old  coats,  linall  oidin.uy  looking- 
glalV.s,  L^c. 

'I'hefe  men,  by  conllant  |iraclicc,  are  be- 
come very  dixterous  at  tin  ir  traele  of  lilli- 
ing,    and   'tis  no  fmall  iliveifion  to   lee  lb 

Tl  II.  luilinels  ot  tilhing  IS  there  lookil  tireat  a  number  of  canoes  at  th  it  fport.  If  ,/■, 
upon  as  next  to  trading,  .mil  liiole  a  Iword-hlli,  or  any  other  ot  tlie  greatell 
who  prolels  it  are  more  numerous  than  any  liulk, happens  to  be  in  the  net  they  h.ive  laid 
other  lort  of  piople.  Tiiofe  who  follow  in  the  lea  over  niglit,  it  is  certainly  torn  to 
tiiat  proleirion  bring  up  lluir  tons  to  it  troni  pieces-,  but  if  the  owner  of  the  net  iias 
nine  or  ten  ye.irsol  age,  \X.  Ania,  Covimni.h,  notice  ol  it  in  time,  hedellres  tiie  aflillance 
Minn,  Cvtib,  MoiOYi',  Con/iriiiiii,  and  fome  ot  his  triends,  and  two  or  three  canoes  go 
orlier  lea-towns  to  the  eallward  ;  but  tlic  out  togetlier,  provided  with  Ifrong  harping- 
greatell  number  is  ,it  Cunimciulo,  Altna^  irons  to  ftrike  it,  and  the  BLicki  being  fond 
and  Coimenlii:.  of  that  fifli  above  any  otiier,  one  ot  tliein 

From  each  of  tlicfe  kill  meniioneel  pl.ices    makes  amends  tor  two  or  three  nets  torn,  by 
tliere  commonly  go  out  every  morning  in     the  price  it  yields. 

the  week,  except  •Iii,f/\n,    winch  is   their         Tliey  caich  ihc  M<)cho>\vu  hy  ihc  Diitcb^^,,^^!, 
labbatii,  or  day  of  lell,  live,  fix,  and  foine-     call'd,  li.tcrd-M.iiht'h\  and  by  the /s';if/;//i, 
timeseight  hundred  finall  canoes,  c.ich  aliout    Cat-fijh,    with    nets    fpre.ul    floating,    and 
thirteen  or  tourtcen  toot  long,  and  three    fattened  to  two  little  poles,  to  wliich  tlicy 
or  tour  in  bre.vdth ;  and  put  out  about  two    tie    iron   bells,    like  tiiofc   put  about   the 

V  o  L,  V,  X  X  X  necks 


F   1    S   II    K    V.    M    E    N. 

'Ill--  luifinels  of  Billing  is  liicrc  lookM 
upon  as   next  to   trading. 


■,  ^' 


-'  ■  -'-iR 


\--.  I 


itm  -  ^ 


tlf 


!     ■■.l 


I;  !, 


1  ;-.'i 


Z(l 


A  Dcfiriptiofi  of  the 


Book  nj 


n\ui  "T. mck*  ol  io\\«  in  fevfral  irircol'  hiro/'r, 
^^V>^  wlii  li  biint;  (li.iLcn  li\  tiic  w.ivi-  ,  inik'.' 
.1  iiMklinn  n^iik'.  ilut  .itirait'i  cliis  lor:  «>( 
li^li,  ami  brm(;s  it  into  liic  ix-t,  I  h.ivi- 
been  tolil,  tlut  loil  is  t.iknwftiT  that  man- 
ner in  fonH' jmus  ot  hiiiofi;  but  lit)  not  re 
nu')i)bi:r  wliiTi'. 
Klufjih.  rii.y  alii)  t.ikc  riviT  fi/h  with  piopir 
ncC^,  ,uul  (.'vir.il  ll.its  ol  inllriiDunts,  both 
by  iliy  .iiiil  l)y  niuht,  bin  not  in  luch  i|ii,im- 
titics.is  ihi  Ici  arturil>.  'I'hcy  .iic  jjcnt  rally 
ini.i.fati^',.ibl-'  at  ihin  cn)|  loynu-nt,  at  the 
proper  tiiiHA  ami  llaloiis. 

Tlurian  I'cvcral  way.ol  fifliinRby  nij;hl, 
botli   up  till'  roiintry  ami  .v  the  loill,  ai  ■ 
n)iiiinn  to  ill-  viii.ty  (»t  pliii.'-.     Soiiif  ol 
tilt  fii.iA}  at  till-  loiit,  in  tn  nifilit  iiokl  in 
one    haiui    a  |mi(.i'    <>\  conibnliiblc    wotul 
lla:nin^,    liaviii;.',  liill   ilipind   it   in  oil  or 
rofin  1    an. I  in  tlu'  other  a  linali  liarr  or 
I'p.Mr,    with  wlikh   tiiey    llrikc    tlu-    (ill), 
which  comnioiily  m.ikis  tothcli:-;ht.  Oth'.rs 
liave  a  tj^nrli'  lire  always  bun.nr;   in  thf 
midJi>;    ot    the   i.ino.',    th.'   (uii  ^  wh.ivot 
biiijg  btir'ti  throi^h,  .it  itrt.iin  ilill.wnis, 
tlie  li_4ht  llrikis  ihrou^iii   upon  tli.'  w.iur, 
iimi  atrr.iiCstr.e  lilh,  wliiL-it  they  ..lli)  lliike 
with  th.ir  Ip^v.rs. 
^■ml.'tr        OtiRrs    go    into  the  w.ittr  up  to   th'^ir 
•■V'         mivkile,  with  a  light  in   one  haiui,  ami   a 
b.ilket  in  tht.'  otiier,  which  they  iLip  upon 
the  lill),  an.l  take  it  -,  but  tiiis  way  ol  lilli- 
ing,    b.in^    fubjed    to    unlucky    ai-iklent^ 
from  the   lli.irks,    oU,n   iilayiiijr    near  the 
beach,  I,  w  dare  follow  it,  lor  le.ii  olbcii;^ 
devour'd  by   thole  ravcnois  monlteis, 
iljArk-  When  liey  defign  to  take  lliarks,  whiJi 

A'!>l"S-  is  often  done,  as  well  toikllroy  thefp.u.s, 
h.u'ing  a  particui.ir  haired  to'  it,  tor  the 
milcii!.!  i':  docs  as  tor  the  luni  tit  iluy 
reap  by  iJl.nji,  thein  to  tli- inland  p.ople, 
who  aic  lond  ot  it  dri.'d  in  the  fun,  tliry 
ulc  proper  hooks  and  lines  i  ami  wlun  one 
<>f  the  iarj'er  fi/.e-  has  I'wallow.il  the  bait, 
they  help  one  another  to  low  it  afhoiv, 
ami  dillribute  it  among  the  people,  by 
whom  it  is  c.iten  in  revenije,  as  h.is  been 
tlfcwhere  oblerved. 

They  nlfo  take  abundance  of  very  good 
larue  .\ik\  linali  lilh,  l>etween  the  rotks,  nc.ir 


way  of  eating  them  isboilM,  and  then  (i;i 
in  piiies  and  IryM. 

.Sinill  lilli  IS  all'ot.ikrii  ilicrr  with  a  pim  j,, 
of  r.mvas,  or  other    lo.irlc   lluti,  holdini- 
the  ciuK  of  it  with  l)oth  hands,  underwater, 
and  railing  it  up  halhly,  when  they  fee  any 
filh  fwiinining  over  it 


nriiK  chie 

*        fl/.I.V.    .11 


WAltr. 


B  1.   A  C   K  S  M    I   T  II  S. 

I     hmdifraft   at  which   tlui  ; 
!>•  ll  Ikilleil,   is  Imithcry  ;  oi 
which  I  111  ill  now  Ipeak.     I'he  bi.ick  llnith, 
tlicre,  many  o(  whom  are  at  Houiioi;  Cm,! 
mriiJo,     MiHii,    ti'L-;i^   and   other  places 
with    liich    liirry   tools    as  they  li.ivc,  cm 
m.ike  all    Ions  of  marti.il   we.ipons  ihn 
li.ivi-    occilion    fir,    guns  only    (x cpttM; 
t.iey  alio  make  wliatloevi  r    is  niiuiliic  tnr 
husli.inilry,    and    lor    their    lioulliold  ulcs. 
'I'lio  Miey  have  r.o  lied,  y(  t  they  make  their 
cvmitcrs,    and    oilur  cutting    inllninient*. 
i'lu.'     priiici|)al  tools    are    a  hanl  llom-.j^ 
inlleail  ol  an  anvil,  a  pair  of  tongs,  ami  a 
Ini  ill  pair   o(  Ik  IIowv,    with  three  or  f'lur 
iiollels,    an    invention  ot    ilieir    own,     nil 
blows  very  lirong.      Their  tiles  ot  liNcnl 
lizes,  are  ,it  lealf  as  well  tein|>irM  .is  \i, 
can   make  them  in  h.ntope.     llammers  oi 
a'l   fi/.es  they  have  from  the  y)/(/i7i.     Thnr 
lorges  areiommonly  liii.iller  tlian  our^. 

G  o  I.  o-s  M  1    r  H  s. 

'y ill'. Y  outdo   the   blacklmiths  in  their,-,,., 
^    pcrlomi.incts,  as  having  been  taught*)-' 
their   art  by    the  J>eitcl:,  I'orlugiufi;    .md 
Dull  I',  in  lonncr  times,  an'l   now  make  ni 
line  gold,  breatt-iiialcs,  helmets,  br.ucleis, 
idols,  hunting  horns,  p.ittins,  plates,  oni.i- 
ments   lor  the   neck,  hatl)aiids,  chain  aii.i 
plain  rings,  buttons,    and   flieli  lilli,   they 
.ilfo  call  very  curioufly  all    lorts  ot   wild 
and  tame  bealls  ;  the  heads  and  Ikektoih  (,i 
lions,  tygcrs,  leopards,  oxen,    deer,    nioii. 
keys,  goats,  (s'c.  whi(  h  ferve  them  by  w,iy 
of  idols,  cither  in  plain  work,  or  filigiene,  .ill 
call   in  moiikis  1  of  which    tort  1  l)ioiii;'i 
over  leviral  pieces  of  figures,  but   paiMii 
l.irly   th.it  of  a  perwinkle,    as  big  as  m\ 
ordinary  goole  egg  ;  which  were  ,i  11  iniuh 
•idmireii  .n  liiibel  and  Pdti<,  and  evui  by 


Uu/ilti. 


Oijlni. 


llielhore,  where  the  water  is  Ihallow  enough,     the  bell  goldliiiiths.     The  thread  am 

killing  them  with  a  fort  of  iron  tool,  fliaped 

much    like    that  with  which  the  country 

people  of  yJiiliiix  in  l-'r.ime,  and  the  ifle  of 

Rbc  kill  congers.     Among  the  various  lorti 

of  liflr  they  catch,  is  that    they   call    the 

Kingfi/lj,  very  good,  and  ofa  delicious  talle. 

They  there  get  great  llorc  of  mufcics,  .is 
fweet  as  thofe  of  Charon  near  Rachel,  and 
accounted  excellent  food  in  their  proper 
fcalon. 

They  have  alio  fich  largo  oiftcis,  that 
two  or  three  of  them  will  lill  a  man,  l)i" 
they  arq  commonly   tough,    and  the  belt 


con- 
texture of  their  hatbands  and  ch.iin-riiig'. 
is  fo  fine,  that  I  am  apt  to  believe,  our 
.iblell  A((/Y;/r.J«  artills  would  find  it  diliiuili 
to  imitate  them.  For  the  fatiifaciiun  nl 
the  reader  I  have  taken  tlie  pains  to  dr.nv 
iTioll  of  the  pieces  of  both  gold-fmiths  and 
bkick-fmitlis  work  in  the  cut;  which  being  Ptah 
divided  into  three  parts,  I  Ihall  here  give 
a  fliort  account  of  them. 

In  the  firll  divifion  of  the  cut,  I  repre- 
fent  all  forts  of  martial  weapons,  as  alio 
the  inftruments  for  tillage  and  houfhoki 
ufes  i  in  the  fccotid,  under  it  all  the  varieties 

ol 


BooKlim  Chap.  20.  6'o/7/j' ^/'South-Guinea. 


.irol  tl\cn  (i,t 
r  Willi  Apiiui,, 

luti,    lioldlll;',  ^' 

,  umitf  w.Jtci, 
I  ihcy  Ice  anv 


\t  s. 

:  wl>'ul\   tlui'  ; 

liiuilicry  ;  oi 

('  lil.uk  I'luitlu 

fioUliOl',  ('ll'l 

Dtlur  I'l.Kvs 
(ry   li.wc,  lui 

WC.H'OM'i  liir\ 
-ily     IX.  Cptol  ; 

^  r((liji(iic  t'lr 
lioiiHio'i'l  ultv 
luy  iinkc tlv.-ir 
r  inllniimnt'. 
.1  luiiil  It  out.  r,,, 
if  tdiij^s,  .iml.i 
1  rhrci'  or  t'wr 
eir  own,  atii 
tiles  111  laeni 
MiipirM  .i'-  wi 
I  l.iiiiiiurs  ot 
Dnlcb.  Their 
•  than  ours. 

H  ■;. 

klniiths  ill  tlieirr,.ni 
ig  been  t,\uj;lit»^""  ■ 
'orltigii'Jf%    •'I'll 
1  now  nuke  oi 
ini'ts,  br.uclcis, 
,,  {)lati;s,  oiii.i- 

lils,   cli.lin  .):i.i 
llull  iilli.    tluy 

liirts  lit  Willi 
jv.l  IkiKums  ol 
ik'ir,  111(111- 
It"  ilH-ni  by  w.iy 
or  tiiijiiRiie,  .lil 
jlbrt  I  Inouj;'  i 

,  bui   iMnioi- 
,  as  bi^  as  M 

were  .ill  nw'li 
],  ami  cvt  II  by 

.read  .iiul  mn- 

iid  cli.iiii-riii^s 
believe,  our 

llinditililti'-iil' 
latiitaciiuii  111 
pains  to  ilr.iw 
jld-l'miihs  .ind 

whicii  being  Ptmi 
iall  hen-  give 

;  cut,  I  reprc- 

lipons,  lis  alio 

,inil  lioiifhoU 

1  tlic  varieties 

ot 


2(f3 


iff 


un 


nt  jf.iUM'mitlK  work^  i    ami   in    thi'  tliird  namrnr  a  tygcr's  Iii-.k!,  or  al.irpe  rcdfliclj,  RAumrr. 

ni;iin,  on  th<*rinlit  li.in'l,  the  wiiolr  v.'rirty  rn  enluncc  the   valiir   of  it.      I'hry  luing '*^V'^^ 

01  liicir  nuilieal  ii)llruniini.i,  either  tor  di-  thel'e  nitlacrs  at  their  lelt  hip,  byalxit, 

verfion  or  w.ir.  with    ilie   various  fort.s  of  girt  alxiiit  them  ;   or  cile  they  flick  the.n 

Ic.its,  or  woitdfii  lliMils.  in  the  i  lout  they  wrap  about  their  body, 

lor  tlic   better  nndirfl.mding;  ol    the  fi  and  brtwetn  their  legs,  that  they  may  run 

mires  in  the  lirlt  divilion  :  the   (witter,    when  they    go  to  w.ir  in  an 

enemy's  country,  and  hav'-aliii  about  them 

Arms  Tools.  Misiial  Instiu'MENTs  a  b.indeli;r  belt,  with  about  tAenty  bandc 

,///./  Ohnamin  rs  \  lic-s  hanging  to  it. 

with    a  i|uiver         M.  Am.ther  lort  of r;'mit.r,  pirtol  the''*''"" 

lavilin  luvinj;   i  edf^-;    whtreof  is  m.ule   lik.  a  law,  to  law '''' '^"" 

ring  in  the  niiklle  to  (alien  it  to  their  boily  oh   the  bones  of  their  cneMies.     The  pom- 
wlieii  they  iravi  1. 


Ik'  T  .S  a  ia Villi!  or  (pear, 
^  tull  o(    ariows,   tlie   j 


a    Mrri.jh  woril  iifed 
llienie   i.ikiii    by   the 


II    l>y   I  lie 
•  ealt  at  .i 


/,.  An  .'iii,i^ii\'i, 
in  t'o'l'iiiii"  ■,  and 
H.tuk),  bcirip;  along  dart,  to  be 
(lillancc,  with  anoi  er  lort  ol  i|i.iver.  and 
three  arrowi  III  ii.  Tlie  nuivcr  they  hang 
;,l  out  tiieir  llidiil  li  i' .  at  .i  leither  liiong, 
or  lirit,  a.  iiiirk'd  }'.  Thele  d.iris  aie 
I  iiiiniiinl)  .I'loiii  iwo  yards  lont;.  and  pretty 
Lir^'e,  it'C  fill  ixiinied  with  iron, 
uike,  and  (omr  of  tiuiii  eoserei 
.1  I'p.in  or  two  m  leiu'.ili.  i  his  we.ifion 
(trees  ihim  iiidc.ul  ol  a  eymeter  ;  that 
Ivil 

may  the  more  con\enienily  dart  it  with 
tlic  right  1  lor  they  li.iee  loiiinuinly  loiiu 
body  to  carry  it  attcr  them,  when  they 
caiiiiot  well  han'',  it  on  their  Ihoiildeis. 


like  a 
with   iron 


\n'j,  lluir  ihitid  in  the  left  h.ind,  they    and  iifcd  to  put  them  undi  r  law 

ami  .ixe-.  o(  iron 


mel  is  the  muz/.le  o(  .i  bead,  ca(l  in  gold, 
tor  in  idol  or  ('jx:ll. 

This  Ibrt  ol  eyniiier  or  eutlaee,  mull 
be  a  par;irular  we.ipon,  ulcd  in  ancient 
times  by  the  .tmw it:!,>,  who  being  abo 
minal>le  bloody  idolaters,  in  the  days  ol 
D.iviJ,  and  uling  to  I'.uriliee  their  own 
ihildien  to  .\f':'ihl:,  or  .U../.''v,v,  m.iking 
them  p.ils  through  the  (ire,  or  burning 
them  ill  a  barb.irmis  m.iniicr,  .is  we  read  in 
2  Kiiii;.'  XVI.  .(.  and  xxiii.  lo.  and  /.(-.■,7.,\\iii. 
2  I.  ami  XX.  .',  i^i.  were  peculiar  ai  invent 
ing  ot  horriil   torments  lor  their  enemies, 

and  under 
iron  narrows,  and  .ixe-tol  iron-,  and  made 
them  pais  through  the  bri.k  kilns,  as  may 
V  reaibnably  eonjeiiluied  troin  tliedread- 
I. '  punithments  David  inllii'ted  on  all  the 
towns  o(  thi't  execrable  n.itioii,    wh.n  he 


A.  Kepreltriits  liitir  Hows  and  arrows,  at 
prel'nt  not  minh  iil'ed  by  them  at  thecoall,  had  taken  Rnhlah,  their  royal  city,  by  his 
exceptingthc/ff«rt>'//'cc'  Hlacb,  who  arc  nioU  army,  under  the  comm.iml  ot' /o.i/',  caufing 
ikxterous  at  iluKJting  thole  arrows,  wliich  all  the  Ammotiitcs,  according  to  the  equita- 
li.ive  leathers  at  the  hrail,  and  arc  pointed  ble  rule,  cali'd  l.fx  -Ta'tniiii,  to  Iw  put  to 
with  iron.  I'hc  people  ot  /i.KiJit'  u(ed  to  de.ith,  by  the  (ame  (brts  ot  torments  they 
piiiuin  tlif-m  ;  but  on  tlie  <oall  they  do  h.id  put  othersto,  as  we  read,  j,?;///;.  xii.  31. 
not,  b'iiig  utier  llrangtrs  to  jioilo'i.  So  that  it  is  not  unlikely  thole  f.ivat^e  /Immo- 

rii't,     I-  '^-   '^  lin.ill  dart  to  be  ca(t  by  hand,    «//f(  might  alio   lii\ r  invented  this  lort  ot 
.ihnut   a  yard  long,  and  very  Hinder.  cymiter,  or  (word,   liko  a  law  on    the  one 

J,,        0.  K.uur;!,  wiiii  which  thty  flwvc  their    li.k- ;  which  by  the  .'Aj/'J,  their  neighbours, 

might,  in  proceCs  o(  time,  be  carried  into 
.Vtiik,  and  by  degreis  convcy'd  down  to 
the  H'lfck',  of  (luiiiri,  living  near  them. 
Some  ot  thole  exquifite  torments  anciently 
iiUd,  arc  flill  known  in  the  callern  parts; 
we  hive  .in  .u count  that  the  jirophet /rr/rJ^ 


Ivards. 

jV.  Three  dililreni  forts  of  Iwords  or 
ivinitir-,  with  iron,  or  wooden  hilts,  or 
a  iiioiikry's  head  c.ill  111  gold,  and  look'd 
11)1(111  .Is  (aired,  or  ,1  (jv  11.  'I'wo 
Iwords  Ih.iped   like  choppin;;;  knives. 


ot    lh( 

beiii'i, 


a'xviriwoand.ihdt,  or  three  liandfuK  broad  was  faw'd  in  two,  by  order  ot  king  Atinnf- 

at  die  end,    about  one  at  the  hilt  ;    and  /,/■,  with  a  wocnlen  law,   which  mull  have 

t!u(c  or  lour  (pans  long  at   mod,    bowing  been  a  more  grievous  torture  than  if  it  had 

:i    litile     at     liie     to]i.       Thole     cutlacis  been  ot    iron. 


very  ilroiig,  but  comnumly  lo  blunt, 
th.it  it  requires  two  or  three  flrokcs  to 
(lit  oil' a  head.  They  have  a  wooden  hill 
liiul  guard,  adorned,  lometimes  on  the  one, 
and  lometimes  on  botii  fides,  with  Imall 
round  knobs,  covered  with  a  fort  of  (kin, 
or  a  rope  black'd  with  the  blood  of  ("ome 
tame  bcaft.  Others  alfo  adorn  ir  with  a 
"tutt  of  horlehair.     Perfons  of  note  cover 


J'.  A  Fonyird,  or  Bayonet,  after  their pi,„^,,^_ 
ivianner. 

.'^,  A   round  ax,  with  a  blunt  edge  on 
the  one  fide. 

R.  An  ax  of  another  form  •,  both  thefe^.vtj. 
for  hutbandry. 

y.  An  ax  of  a  third  make,  to  hew,  or 
fell  timber. 

S.  A  fliield,  or  buckler,  of  drcfs'd  i^^^slMh. 


the  hilt  with  thin  plates  of  gold.  The  thcr,  ufcd  by  the  fl/<^,(-;  of  note,  m  wnr, 
leather  fcabbard  is  almoit  open  atone  or  on  fettivals  j  or  when  they  vifit  others  of 
fide,  to  which  they  hang,  by   way  of  or-    unequal  rank.  Thcfe  fliiclds  ar«  four  or  five 

foot 


mm.': 


S.T    •■■». 


<i  ,;,.;;..„ 


I:.,  ^^l' 


1 

aj£:li 

■!  ■.; 

|i 

Wr  h 

ffi[ 

■i 

ill 

H""^ 

iti 

m 

2 

264 


^  Defiription  of  the 


Book  IIJ. 


Baruot.  foot  long,  and  three  in  breadth,  the  under 
^"^V^^  pan  made  of  olicrs,  Ibmc  of  them  cove- 
red with  gilt  leatinT,  or  with  tygers  Ikins, 
or  the  like.  Some  alio  have  broad  thin 
copper-plates,  made  tait  to  each  corner, 
and  in  the  middle,  to  ward  off  arrows  and 
darts,  as  well  as  the  itrokes  of  cutlaces  ; 
but  they  arc  not  proof  againit  mulket  balls. 
'I'hty  ;'re  wonderliil  ilexterous  at  managing 
of  thel'e  Ihiekl"!,  wliich  they  hold  in  their 
kft  iiand,  and  tiic  fword  in  tlie  right,  and 
Ikii  mifliing  with  them  both  ■,  they  put 
their  bodies  into  very  uncommon  pouures, 
covering  themfelves  fo  nicely,  that  then- 
is  no  polnliility  of  touching  tliem,  2  Cbrcii. 
xiv.  S.  /I'l'ti  kiiigol  '/tiilab,  had  an  army  ot 
three  hunilrcd  thoul.uid  men,  armed  with 
Jliiekls  or  huckleis  ami  lavelin-,,  and  two 
hundred  and  'igiity  thouland  mm  with 
Ihii  Ids  ami  arrows,  agaiiill  the  king  of  £- 
//;;■-//.■'</. 

6'.  Another  fort  of  lliield,  maik-  of  oficrs 
or  bulrullies,  for  the  common  foYt  ot  peo- 
ple. 
Driimi.  '^-  I"'^'^  I"")'''  'hum,  v.kii  when  a  king 
takes  the  (u-ld  and  hiads  his  army,  adorned 
with  Ipeils,  (liells,  and  jaw- bones  of  their 
cnemiib  fl  lin  in  battel.  The  found  of  it  is 
not  unlike  that  of  our  ketiU  -drums.  The 
botiy  ot  it  is  a  piece  of  wood  made  hollow, 
covered  at  one  end  with  a  Iheep-fkin,  and 
left  open  at  tlie  other,  which  is  lit  on  the 
grounil.  It  is  beaten  with  two  long  fticks, 
tike  hammers,  and  Ibmetimcs  round,  as  in 
the  figure.  They  alto  Ibmetimes  beat  with 
a  ftrait  lliek,  or  v/ith  their  hands.  To  be 
intruded  witii  this  drum,  is  looked  ujwn  .l-< 
an  office  of  lionour. 

Thi-y  have  above  ten  f.veral  forts  of 
drimis,  moll  of  tiiem  being  trunks  of  trees 
hollowed,  of  (everal  degrees  and  fues. 
They  gener.dly  lu-at  thefc  drums  in  con- 
fort  witii  the  blowing  liorns,  made  ot  ele- 
phants reeih,  which  togetiier  m.d^e  a  hide- 
ous nolle  -,  and  to  help  it  out,  they  let  a  boy 
to  rattle  on  a  hollow  piece  of  iron,  with 
a  Hick  :  and  this  addition  is  fo  far  from 
rendring  tlie  noife  more  agreeable,  that  it  ra- 
ther becomes  more  unfui)poriabie  to  our  ears. 
Titli.  4.4.  Two  forts  of  tools  for  till.ige. 

Ammkit.  tK  Such  a  mulket  as  they  buy  from 
Etiropeam.  They  handle  their  fire-arms 
very  cleverly,  difchaiging  them  feveral 
ways,  when  drawn  up,  one  fitting  and  an- 
other lying  down,  never  hurting  one  ano- 
ther. Abundance  of  fire-arms,  gun-pow- 
der and  ball  are  fold  there  by  all  the  tra- 
ding Enropeaiis,  and  are  a  very  profitable 
commodity,  when  the  Blach  of  tiie  coall 
are  at  war  1  yet  were  it  to  be  wifhed  they 
had  never  been  carried  thither,  confidering 
how  fatal  they  have  been,  and  will  f.ill 
be  upon  occafion  in  the  hands  of  tlie  Blacks, 
to  EurojieMi,    who  for  a  little  gain  fur- 


nirti  them  with  knives  to  cut  their  own 
throats,  of  which,  each  nation  is  ienfible 
enough,  and  yet  none  will  forbear  to  carry 
that  commodity,  which  proves  fo  dange- 
rous in  the  hands  of  thofe  Blacks ;  and  the 
bell  excufe  we  have  for  this  ill  pradticc  is. 
that  if  one  does  not,  Hill  the  other  will  fell 
them  ;  it'  the  i'rcncl>  do  not,  the  Dutch 
will  •,  and  if  they  lliould  forbear  ir,  tlu 
Eiiglijh  or  others  would  do  it. 

In  ihe  fccciul  and  under  Division'. 
'   AN  earthen  pot,  as  they  are  generally  f,. 
made  of  leveral  fizes,  large  and  fmall. 
Jufl  under  the  pot,  a  woman's  necklace, ,v,f;i 
of  Collins  (lit  Terra  .\r\^\  //^ri,  adorned  with 
gold   Ipells,    and  flips  of  the  llicred  live; 
luch  necklaces  are  reckoned  there  vc  ly  01  ni- 
mental,    and  colt    a   confiderable    turn  of 
money. 

0.  A  gold  hat-band,    of  curious  work- wj.i^.y 
man-fliip. 

From  yf.  to  B,  fundry  forts  of  their j-^.^  ^ 
gold  toys  worn  as  Ipells,  or  things  ficrtd,»rjf.;.i 
and  br.u-elets  ot  fix  Ibrts,  one  ot  tliem  lo 
long,  th.it  it  reaches  to  the  elbow  ;  ;in,t 
over  them  two  forts  of  flat  arm-ring-..  I'n- 
der  thole  rings  Ibme  calt  heads  of  be.ills, 
ufed  alio  as  l"|iclls,  or  holy  things,  and 
near  the  biggelt  head  a  gold  Ijracelei, 
which  can  be  contradted,  or  extendeil,  as 
narrow,  or  as  wide  as  they  pleate  on  the 
arm. 

Above  thofe  rings,  a  linall  blowing  horn;;.,,, 
of  gold  uled  by  the  better  fort. 

7.  A  jjieceot  natural  gold  near  ,111  ounce .Yj-um' 
in  weight,  which  1   have  tlill  by  me,  he-S-'-i 
ing   like  a  piece  ot  a  Iharp-pointed  rock. 

8.  A  l.irge   whilk,    or  perwinkle,    c.ill(,.,u,, 
in    gold    fiiigrene   work,    a  very    curious""''"' 
piece, 

6.  Two  Boulifi,  or  Caiirics,  EiiJ-h:,  :.t 
Ihclls,  which  lirvc  tor  i)rnameius  in  iR\k. 
laces,  and  go  lor  ir.oney  at  M./rf  and  .  // 

4.  A  great  iron  pin,  with  a  fmall  lemi- a;..,. 
circle  at  the  end,  like  a  lialf  moon,  which 

is  current   money   ;it  l()me   pl.ices,    tor  a 
certain  v.i' le. 

1.  Small  tiraies  of  their  making,  to  \m  igli  s.  j.V  . 
gold, 

?.  The  beans,  or  peafe,  with  wliich  tliey;iw;(- 
weigh  gold  dull,  as  has  been  laid  before. 

5.  Little  wooden    I'poonr  to    put  s;oKli/"''- 
into  the  fcalcs,  or  take  it  out,  to  adjull  the 
weight. 

i.  Gold  Krabd,    which  is   their  fiiMllKtikn. 
money. 

/"  l/jc  third  Division,  on  the  rigbt-hamU 
E  f^  O  M  B  S,  made  of  a  ponderous  \u\Scmi'. 

^^  wood. 

//.  Three  feveral  forts  of  wooden  ftools,  niX 
or  teats,  as  commonly  ufed  by  the  better 

fort 


Book  III.  I  Chap.20.        Coafts  of  South-Guinea. 


2<?? 


It  their  own 
an  i''  lenfible 
bear  to  carry 
res  lb  dangc- 
uh  i  and  the 
11  prafticc  is, 
other  will  fell 
)t,  the  Duuh 
arbear  ir,  thi 


I  y  IS  1  O  k. 

I  are  generallv p.. 
arpe  and  fmall. 
laii'*^  necklace,  .\,f,jj^ 
,  adorned  wuh 
\e  lacrcd  live  -. 
here  very  omi- 
crablc   ium  of 

curious  work-Ha/jj.j 

forts  of  their 7-„,  „.( 
■  thini's  ficrid,orjr:.; 
ine  of  tiK-m  to 
lie  elbow  \  anil 
arm-ring,--.  l!n- 
leads  of  bcalU, 
ly   things,    and 

gold    bracek'U 
or  extended,  a-i 

pleale  on   die. 

lU  blowing  horn  Hi„, 
fori. 

d  near  .m  ounce  .Vj.'ur.i.' 
ill  by  me,  he-i-" 
j)-pointcd  rock. 
lerwinkle,    calh.jU  p 
a  very   curious""''"' 

ImVj,  FM-lnr.i 
imeiUb  ill  ne>k- 
jit  h'hla  and  .h 

\\  a  fmall  fenii- j:.„f, 
|lf  moon,  which 
places,    tor  a 

lakiiig,  towiighsiJ.V'. 

Iwith  which  tlieyu^i;*.- 
len  faid  before. 

to  r"t  sol  J  *?"'••■ 

Jt,  to  adjull  the 
is   their  fmall  Rukn. 


the  rlghl-haiul, 
I  ponderous  hardomi^ 

wooden  ftools,  sn.l< 
by  the  better 
forL 


Uirii- 


I)r«mi. 


/■■■■ 


fort  of  people,    and  carried   about    with 
them,  when  they  go  a  vifiting. 

Z.  Two  diflerent  forts  of  fmall  feats  or 
(tools,  which  they  always  carry  in  their 
fm.dl  canoes,  to  fit  on  in  the  middle  of  them. 
G'.  Blowing  horns,  made  of  elephants 
tectli,  of  feveral  fizes,  the  biggeft  of  which 
weit;li  about  thirty  pounds  •,  they  have  a 
peculiar  art  to  hollow  them  from  one  end 
to  the  other.  At  the  lower  end  of  them  is  a 
piece  of  rope,  blacked  with  flieep  or  hens 
l>lood,  and  a  fquare  hole,  blowing  into 
wi.u  h  makes  a  prepolltrous  noifc,  by  them 
reduced  to  a  fort  of  tone  and  meafure, 
and  altered  at  pleafure.  Sonutimes  the 
ton  '  is  more  tolerable,  according  to  their 
fkill.  On  it  are  carved  many  figures  of 
men  and  hearts,  and  otlicrs  only  the  pro- 
duel  of  fancy. 

/■'.     Three  Ibrts  of  tinkling  bells,  which 
m.'.ke  up  part  of  their  mufiek. 
J,     A.  Two  Ibrts  of  calhignets  iifeil  indancing. 
Z).  I'wo  llutes,  didering  tiom  ours,  by 
li..'.  iiig  more  holes. 

C.  A  fort  of  cittern,  made  of  a  cala- 
b.ifh,  or  gourd,  over  which  is  a  long  nar- 
row piece,  made  of  reeds  let  dole  to  one 
.mother athwart-,  and  over  all,  tour  firings, 
v/hieh  give  the  found,  when  play'd  upon 
witli  the  fingers,  after  the  manner  that  the 
P'lrtugucfe  touch  the  guittar  ;  and  I  am  of 
opinion  the  Blacks  made  this  inftrument  in 
imitation  of  that. 

B.  A  brafs  kettle,  with  two  flicks,  to 
beat  it,  in  mufical  manner. 

J.  Two  feveral  forts  of  drums,  with 
thi-ir  (licks,  the  round  one  ufeil  at  fealts 
;nd  in  war ;  ti."  long  one  alio  ferves 
loinetimes  for  the  lame  ufes,  and  fomc- 
tiincs  in  religious  worflvp  to  honour  their 
deities,  or  upon  othc  extraordinary  oc- 
c.ifions 

B.  A  p.tir  of  tongs,  with  a  flick  to  beat 
.i!i,l  rattle  them,  being  anotiicr  of  their 
ir.iifical  inllnuiients. 

Of  ihele-  and  all  other  tilings  rrprcfen- 
tcil  in  the  figures,  I  Ihall  have  occalion 
to  fpeak   more  at  large   hereafter. 

Ill  relation  to  the  above-mentioned  liouf- 
liold  goodband  arms  of  the  Blii.ks,  it  m.iy 
Ik-  here  obfervcd,  as  to  their  weapons,  that 
tlicy  are  much  like  thole  tiled  by  the  Greeks 
ancl  RoinfiH,  being  fworils,  bows,  arrows, 
dirts  and  lances  niaile  like  half  pikes;  for 
the  l.iiices  of  the  ancients  were  not  like 
tliofe  of  our  Ibimer  liorfemen,  with  large 
iiiitc  ends;  and  their  fwords  were  broad 
and  (liort.  It  is  faid  that  king  S,uil  com- 
monly held  a  lanre  in  his  liaml,  as  Il'}mer 
gives  one  to  iiis  hcroe ,,  .in  I  tlie  Romniis 
10  yhiirinin  and  ihcirotlui  Gods;  which 
l.inccscxai^lly  anfwer  the  .Ij/jgavas,  or  jave- 
lins ufeil  by  the  people  of  Guinea,  and 
many  other  /Ifrkam, 
Vol..  V. 


The  ancient   Gmks  and  Romans  fteverBARnor. 
wore  otfenfivc  arms,  but  in  war ;  nor  did  ^-^V^ 
the  Israelites,    who  had  the   fame   fort  oi'^™'^* 
weapons.  Davui  commanding  his  men  tojM«, 
march  againft  Nabal,  bid  them  take  their 
fwords,  tho'  they  were  then  fubjeft  to  per- 
petual alarms.     The  cuftom  of  wearing 
fwords  at  all  times,  was   peculiar  to  the 
Gauls  and  Germans. 

The  defcnfive  arms  ufed  by  the  Greeks,  Deftnjive 
Romaiii,   and  Ifraclites  were  (hitlds,    and*""'- 
bucklers,  helmets,  coats  of  mail,  and  fome- 
times  greaves,  or  armour  for  the  thiglis, 
which  was  very  rare  among  the  Ijhielifes,  and 
much  more  among   the  natives  oi  Guinea. 

As  for  the  furniture  of  houfcs  among Hi>»/J«w 
the  Ifraelites,  the  f.tviiicul  law  often  men-i""'''- 
tions  vclTels  of  wood  and  earth,  and  ear- 
then vcITeis  were  moll  common  among  the 
Greeks  and  Romans,  before  luxury  had 
prevailed  among  tl.ofe  nations.  Such  uten- 
fiis  are  mentioned  In  tlie  catalogue  of  tha 
refrdhmcnts  brought  to  David,  during  the 
war  with  ylhfdlom.  We  fee  what  was  rec- 
koned necelTary  furniture  in  the  words  of 
the  Sbunamile,  a  wealihly  woinan,  who 
harboured  the  prophet  J.'':Jija  ;  Let  us  make 
a  lillle  chamber,  liitb  a  bed,  and  a  table,  and 
a  flool,  and  a  caiullelluk,  for  the  prophet  ;  z 
Kings  iv.  lo.  The  candleftick  there 
mentioned  mud  have  been  a  lamp,  tor 
then  and  long  after  candles  were  not 
ufv.d,  and  all  people  burnt  oil  in  lamps. 
The  be'.is  were  commonly  mats,  or  car- 
pets of  Dedan,  in  Jmbia,  brought  by  the 
Jrabs  to  T\re;  arul  the  I'yrians,  whodro\c 
a  great  trade  of  filh  and  other  commodities 
witli  the  Ifraelites,  conveyed  them  to  Jenfl'i- 
lem.  Thole  beds  were  without  CHriains,  and 
generally  placed  againll  the  wall,  as  tii.iy 
be  obicrved  by  the  account  of  Hezekiah. 
Pcrfons  of  the  higlu-tl  rank  had  beds  of 
ivory,  jierlumed  and  adorned  witli  rich 
(lulls,  as  the  prophet  Amos  reproaches  tlie 
rich  Ji-ivs,  hi-   coiit'  m]U)raries. 

The  houles  were  flu  rooled  and  terral-.rfnfifn» 
fed,  the  windows  having  only  curtains  or ''««/''»- 
l.itticcs   before   them  :    and  there  were  no 
hearths   or  chimneys;    the  people   for  the 
moll  part  living  altogether  on  the  ground- 
floor. 

Ml'  s  D  A  V  D  R  Y. 

I  Have  aheaiiy  I'pokcn  of  their  husban- 
bry,  whiciiis  but  indiflerently  managedj 
which  fome  will  attiibute  to  their  floth- 
ful  temper,  tho'  we  lee  in  other  things, 
by  what  has  been  laid,  they  are  as  in- 
dullrious  as  any  other  people  ;  and  it  may 
as  well  be  afciibcd  to  the  freijuent  wars 
among  them.  Whatlbcver  the  realbn  may 
be,  they  are  very  otccn  in  want  ot  corn, 
and  Ibmctimes  come  almoll  to  a  famine  ■, 
which  may  proceed  from  other  caufes,  fince 
Y  y  y  we 


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i66 


^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  III. 


Batjbot.  we  fee  the  fame  Iiappcns  in  the  moft  fruic- 

^VNJ  ful  countries  of  f-'uiorr,  where  people  misht 

perifli,  if  noi  fupplitii  from  oilier  places. 

Canoes. 
A  A'  /  M,     Achwn.,     Boiitror,    Tacorary, 
Commemh,  C.nrmait'm  and  ll^meba,   are 
the  moll  noted  pl.^ecs  for  c.nnoes  ;  the  n.i- 

Sius.  tives  the-'-  mailing;  and  vending  great  num- 
bers of  .  um  yeaily,  of  .ill  fizes,  both  to 
Eiooj cam  ami  their  neighboms.  The  l.ir- 
gcft  are  forty  foot  long,  fix  in  breailtii 
and  three  in  deptii,  and  fo  from  this  fize 
down  to  the  fmalleft  fort ;  wiiicli,  as  has 
been  fiid,  arc  about  fourteen  foot  long, 
and  three  in  breadth,  tew  reaciiing  to  lour 
foot. 

rbeUr-        Tiie  l.irgell:  i.moesarc  commonly  made 

S'j^-  at  Axiin  and   Tiicorary,    and   tarry  eight, 

rarely  twelve  tun  of  wtigiity  gootis,  be- 
fidcs  the  crew.  Tiiefe  canoes  ferve  eitlicr 
H'bili'S  or  BiiJcks  to  tranfiiort  any  fort  of 
goods  antl  cattel  from  place  to  place,  over 
bars  and  breaking  waters  ;  and  are  more 
particularly  nccilVary  at  I'uLt  and  Jr,lra, 
above  anv  othi-T  parts  of  Guii.c.i,  as  I  Ihall 
obler\e  heriafier.  The  Miiiii  men,  who 
are  the  moll  Ikilful  of  all  the  fi/.irh  in  row- 
ing antl  managing  this  fort  of  canoes,  over 
the  moll  dangerous  bars  .ind  raging  waters, 
venture  to  fail  in  the  largell  all  about  the 
biglu  of  Giihwa,  and  even  to  /Irr^tla. 

Mm.  They  navigate  them  with  mails  and  lails, 

and  with  oars  and  paddles,  when  the  wind 
proves  contrary,  or  in  a  calm  ;  bring  com- 
monly manned  from  twelve  to  eighteen 
hands,  according  to  their  bulk  and  cargo. 

I'AriMei.  'I'he  rowers  or  paddlcrs  lit  two  and  two, 
on  benches,  or  boards  nailed  athwart  the 
canoe,  at  equal  dillances,  each  ot  them 
hiving,  inlltad  of  an  oar,  a  paddle,  made 
like  a  Ipade,  aboat  u:<-<c  foot  long,  with  a 
Imall  IT. and  handle,  about  the  lame  length, 
with  which  they  padilK-  the  watri-,  ufnig 
both  hands  to  it,  .md  all  llriking  together, 
they  give  the  canoe  a  very  fwitt  motion, 
thofe  boats  being  very  light.  The  lleerf- 
man  fits  quite  at  the  Hern,  with  a  paddle 
fomcwhat  longer  th.'n  the  others  for  rov.ing. 
Thole  cano.  s  1  iden  with  goods  and  men, 
are  conveyed  by  the  .Miua  /Hacks  over  the 
worii  ;.n>l  moll  dreadful  beating  feas,  all  a- 
long  the  coaft,  elpeeially  at  lula  and  ,■//- 
firci,  where  no  manner  of  ti  ade  could    be 

f4^fan,,;. carried  on  between  the  lliore  and  the  road, 
without  that  help.  Tholl-  Blacks  manage 
them  with  fueh  extraortiinary  dexterity  in 
the  moft  liangerous  phufs,  tliat  it  is  much  to 
be  admired  ;  and  if  ever  the  canoe  happms 
to  be  overfet,  the  fea  i\\\  lling  and  break- 
ing more  t!ian  ordinary  with  lome  violent 
wind,  thofe  people  being  ufed  to  fuch  ac- 
cidcnt-i,  and  excellent  Iwimmers  and  divers, 
foon  turn  it  up  ag-iin,  without  any  other 


damage  than  what  the  goods  may  receive 
by  the  fea-water,  according  to  their  na- 
ture ;  for  they  are  always  fo  well  (lowed, 
and  fo  firmly  made  faft  with  ropes  to  the 
canoe,  that  there  are  feldom  any  loft  by 
itsoverfetting;  there  being  alfo  crofs  pieces 
of  wood  in  thofe  bar  canoes,  for  fo  they 
are  tlu  re  called,  at  certain  diftances,  which 
fecure  the  cargo  upon  fuch  occafions. 

The  canoes  for   war,  commonly   carry ,'f.v,.,. 
fifty  or  fixty  men,  bcfides  ammunition  anil"" 
provifions  tor  fifteen  days,  if  it  be  requi- 

When  the  bar  canoes,  or  any  other  fmallcr 
fi/.es,  are  to  ftand  in  tor  the  land,  thiough 
the  bre.iking  waters  -,  the  crew  narrowly  ob- 
lerves  to  have  the  three  high  furges,  wliich 
uliially  follow,  one  upon  the  back  of  an- 
other, pafs  over,  before  they  enter  ujxm 
b.Mting  waters.  The  Bhiiks,  who,  at  thule.i.'.;-;w  ,. 
times  always  wait  on  the  bea-'h,  either  to "••'■';■'; 
liiccour  the  canoes  coming  in,  if  any  .icii-  '"■ 
dent  befals  them,  or  to  unlade  them  as  ibon 
as  they  are  lately  arrived  on  the  ftrand, 
give  a  lliout  lioai  the  fliore,  which  is  a 
lignal  to  thofe  in  the  canoe,  that  the  three 
great  furges  are  over;  which  they  can  bet- 
ter jiulge  of  from  the  land,  as  being  higher 
above  the  water.  Then  the  canoe  men  all  to- 
gether,with  woiiJirtul  concert,paddle  amain, 
and  give  the  eanoe  liieh  fwitt  w.iy  tliroui;li 
the  beating  water,  which  foams  and  roars 
in  dre.uUul  manner  on  both  fides,  that  it  is 
got  hall  vay  through,  before  the  fuccecdini^ 
lurges,  which  commonly  rife  and  fwell  pro- 
digioui  high,  tlie  nearer  they  come  to  the 
beating,  (an  ovirtake  it:  and  thus  tlu: 
canoe  holdinsi,  that  rapid  courfe  in  rhi- 
midll  of  the  loaming  waves,  runs  itfeliai 
once  almoll  dry  on  the  fmdy  b;\uii  ; 
many  ol  thofe  liUhks.,  who  continually  ,!t 
tend  there  for  that  piirpofe,  running  in'.o 
the  watir  u|)  to  the  knees,  or  middle.  Iv 
fore  it  has  touched  the  ground,  and  talxcout 
the  palfeiigers  on  both  fides,  whom  tiny 
carry  afliore ;  tho'  often  very  wet  witli 
the  waves  breaking  into  the  canoe.  Al'ur 
that,  they  alio  take  out  the  goods,  an.l 
carry    them  where  commaniled. 

As  to  the  launching  anil  running  out  ot>i,;;:  ; 
thofe  canoes  over  the  bars,  .iiid  lhrou;',Ii  tlic'''' ■'•'  ' 
breaking  waves  i  they  gener.dly  lade  them 
firll,  with  goods  or  pafllngers,  as  they  l:c 
dry  on  the  beat  h  -,  and  when  reaily,  a  num- 
ber of  men  proportionable  to  the  bignel's 
of  the  veliel,  befiiies  it3  crew,  taking  hold 
on  each  fide,  from  one  end  to  the  otiur, 
hale  it  into  the  water,  miking  a  difni.il 
cry,  antl  when  alloat  in  the  breaking  wa- 
ter, they  leave  it  to  the  crew,  who  hold- 
ing it  on  each  fide,  with  the  heati  direc'.ly 
to  the  furges,  Iwim  along  with  one  hanil, 
till  it  is  lb  carried  as  i'.ir  as  they  t!;ink  he 
into  the  water,  when  they  all   le.ip  into  it 

flO"- 


Book  III.  IChap. 


20.        Coafis  0/ South-Guinea. 


l6i 


from  both  fides,  and  fitting  on  their  benches, 
miidie  with  ail  tlitir  might,    throiigii  the 
rolling    furgcs,    keeping  the  head  of   the 
canoe  diredVly    to   them :    for  Ihould  they 
niits  of  fo  doing  in  the  leaft,    the  waves, 
which  run  as  higiias  mountains,  would  foon 
fill    it  up,    beat  it  to  fhivers,    or  at  leaft 
ovcrrtt  it.    Thus  eitiier  going  in  or  out  the 
canoe  is  lifted  up,  and  let  down  by  the  waves, 
with  a  frightful  noife. 
..,„„,     The  danger  is  much  greater  in  the  months 
'■'mJ  d(  Jiril,    May,  Jmw  and  July,    and  Hill 
■'■     niorc-atthe  new  and  full  moons,  efpccially 
at  /l./iKind  ,//i//c,  as  I  lliali  oblcMvc,  when 
I  come  to  tlie  delii  iinii)n  ol  tiiore  countries. 
Tlvjrc  dilmal  acciiicnts  are  very  rrequfnt,and 
arcat  quantities  ol'!:;oo.'.^are  loll,  and  many 
nifii  drowiiM  ;    wliercas  at  the   Gold  Co.ijt 
tliole  tliin:i,-i  happ.n  but  ItKloni,  tho'  th.cy 
(lie  tmaili-i  lano.-s,  the lanilin|^ l).in[^;ni)tliing 
iie:ir  fo  bad  as  at  tlii)fc  other  places.    I  have 
!'oiH'  fcv^-ral  tinus  alhore  at  th^-  Go.'ilCoiij}, 
D'jihin  y;!Tat  and  fin.ill  canoes  without  any 
ill  ai\  id;iit,  by  reafon  ot  the  good  managc- 
ir.cnt  lit  the  paddiers,  who  were  all  chofen 
men,  and  bccaiill:  it  was  always  at  the  bell 
(cilons :    yet   I  mult  own,  tint  fometimes 
1  ellapi'd   narrowly,    and  wilh'd   my   felf 
cllcwhere,    being  in  a  fmall  canoe,    for  a 
ijuartcr  of  an  hour,    or  better,  waiting  be- 
tweiu    two    dreadful    waves,    and  rolling 
liirn-es,  for  a  prop-T  minute  to  launcn  thru' 
the  breaking  lea,  before  Conneiniii-,  which 
is  (Tt^^nerally    the    molt  dangerous  landing- 
place  ot  ail  the  Gold  Couft  ;  in  luch  manner, 
that  it  almolt    made  my  hair  Hand  up  an 
fiid  with  horror.     At  another  pl.ice,  I  think 
it  was  j\/.;^^i''',  I  ventured  to  go  afliore  in 
th'.:  pinnace,  and  landed   pretty  well  i    but 
the  worll  was  to  get  oft  again  :   to  which 
piirpofe  I   hu'd   I'everal   HI  icki,  vAw,  with 
my    own    men,    all    fwimming    with  one 
hand,  kept  the   tuad  of  the   pinn.ice  right 
as^ainll  the  rolling   w.ives,    but  could   not 
p"rcv(nt  my  being  tiioroughly  wet. 
. •,./■;>       I  have  often  admir'd  the  dexterity  of  the 
'•    fiflitrnKii,    when  I'ome  ot    them  happened 
to  conic  alh('.e    later  than  is  iilu.d,   in  the 
atternoon,    at    whith   time  the    k.L-brce/.e 
ni.ikes  tlie    lea   (well  cunfulerably   near  the 
land  :    I  obferved  how  two  or  three  men, 
ill  to  fmall,  folow,  lb  narrow,  and  lb  ligh.t 
a  boat,  in  whicli  lie  who  tits  at  the  ftcrn  to 
llctr   teems  to  iiave   his  polleriors    in  the 
water,     could  fo    fwitily    carry   the  canoe 
tluough    the    breaking  lea,    without    any 
nusfortune,and  v,  ith  little  or  no  concern  ;  but 
this  mull  proceed  from  their  being  brought 
lip,  botli  iiK-n  and  women,  Irom  their  in- 
fancy, to  I'wim  like  fillies  •,  and  that,  with 
tlic  coiillant  exercilif,  renili  rs  tliem  fo  dex- 
terous at  it,  tiiat  liio'    the  canoe  be  over- 
turn'd,    or  fplit  in  pieces,  they  can  cither 
turn  ic  up  again  in  the  firll  cafe,  or  fwini 


aftiore  in  the  fecond,  the'  never  fo  diftantBARB-vr. 
from  it.     The  Blacb  of  Aiina  out-do  all^^^^'^ 
others  at  the  coaft  in  dexterity   of  M'^-f^immri. 
ming,  throwing  one  after  another  forward, 
as  if  they  were  paddling,  and  not  extend- 
ing their  arms  equally,  and  ftriking  with 
them  both  together,  as  Europeans  do.  There, 
as  I  have  Minted  before,  may  be  feen  feve- 
ral  hundred  of  boys  and  girls  fporting  to- 
gether before  the  beach,  and  in  many  places 
among    the  roiling  and   breaking   waves, 
learning  to  fwim,    on    bits  of  boards,    or 
fmall   bundles    of  ruflies,    faftenM  under 
their  ttomachs,  which  is  a  good  diverfion  to 
the  I'peClators. 

I  would  .ulvife  thofe,who  arc  to  go  afliore,  Adzici  for 
to  tlnd  their  bell  clothes  betore  tliein,  in  xUnding. 
trunk  -,  tor  I  have  often  I'poil'd  good  appa- 
rel upon  fuch  occafions,  and  efpecidly 
when  the  BLicks  lilt  a  man  out  of  the  canoe 
jull  when  it  reaciies  the  beach,  as  has  been 
laiit  betore  :  for  they  being  always  anc'nied 
all  over  with  greale,  or  palm-oil,  certainly 
le.tve  the  imprelFion  of  it  on  his  clothes, 
wherefocver  they  touch  thein,  and  it  is 
fcarce  ever  to  be  got  out.  There  every 
European  of  any  note,  commonly  wears 
fine  filk,  or  woollen  fuits,  and  often  adorned 
with  gold,  or  filver  galoons  •,  according  to 
the  port  he  is  in,  each  ftudying  to  exceed 
another;  befides  tliat  the  Blacks,  as  well 
as  other  nations,  tliow  mofl  refpcdl  to  thofc 
who  are  beft  dretllil. 

There  is  another  tort  of  very  fine  canoes,  pUmure 
of  about    five   or   {\x  ton  burden,  which  f""!"- 
every  commantiv "  of  an  Europe  11:  fort  keeps 
tor  a  pleafure-boit,  to  pal's  with  iiis  atten- 
dants, as  occafion  offers,  from  one  place  to 
another.     The  D.iitijh  gener.il  in  my  time, 
iiad  the  finefl  ot  that  fort.     In  the  niidllof 
it  was  a   large  auiiing,  of  very  good  red 
and  blue  Hull"-.,  withgol  1  and  filver  fringes, 
anil  under  it   haniHbuK-  I'e.its,  covered  with 
■I iirkry  carpets,  and  cinioiis  curtains  to  draw 
on  iron   rods.     At  each  end  ol  tlic  auning 
w.is  a  (latV,  bearing  a  lii'le  fireamer,    and 
vother  at   the  iieail  of  the  canoe,  and  un- 
der it  ilie  Dai^ijh   llir.      Thel'e  canoes  are 
repnlenteil   in   tlie  cut  ol  the  prol'peCl   of 
toit  rrcdci'uk'hiir;^,  at  M.i::froti,  near  G/c/o  ; 
where  is  alio  anotiicr  canoe,  which  was  tor 
the  Paiiijl  general's  fcrvants  and   tbkliers, 
which  ulually   attended  his  own  canoe.     In 
the  cuts  of  thecaftle  of  .S'/.  Gfw;iff  of  A/;';;,;, 
cape  Corfo catllc,  and Cbiijlianilur^^ at .Lra, 
are  exad    draughts  of    the    great    canoes, 
ufed  by  the  Eiig'/fjMMX  Dulih  to  carry  goodj 
and  palfengers  along  the  coatl  ;    to  wliich 
prints  I  refer,  as  to  the  form  of  the  canoes, 
and  tlie  manner  of  fitting  and  ringing  ihem.^^;,,  ^,,j 
But  I  mud  take  notice,  that  ilie  tails  t hole ri^^/n^. 
people  ule,    are    commonly  mule  of  nilli 
mats,    or  a  fott  of  cloth  of  the  bark  of 
trees,   having  long  haity  threads,  lik^'  the 

Cuo- 


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1'  ! 


Ml  , '  ■ 


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1<J8 


y4  Defcription  of  the 


Book  Hi. 


I;  ^■.■■■ 


Barbot.  Cjnv/r^;,  which  they  fnin  and  weave  into  a 
^'O^'^^fort  of  canvas,  and  their  rigging  is  of  the 
p.dm-tree  yarn.    The  European  canoes  have 
commonly  European  canvas  and  cordage. 
Sfilli,  «r      The  canoes  are  .alfo  commonly  painted, 
Utli-        both  within  and  without,  as  well  as  they  can 
do  it,  andadorn'd  with  abundance  of  tlieir 
toys,  or  idols,  fore   and   aft,    which  tlu-y 
look    upon   as  patrons  and  proteftors  ot 
them  1    and  confift,    for    the   moft   pait, 
of  ears  of  ln.iijii  corn,  among  fevcral  dry 
heads,  and  muzzles  of  lions,  tygcrs,  goats, 
moiikt'ys,  and  other  animals.     The  canoes 
whiih  ari'   to  make  a  long  voyage,   com- 
monly,  bi'fidrs    all    thole    l[vlls,    carry  a 
dead  uoat,  hinging  out  at  the  heail  of  tiie 
VL-nil.' 
Curuii  all      By   what   li.is  been  fiid  ol   the   bigncfs 
ff""t'"'-of  X.\\t  lar^je  tanoes,  it  is  cafy  to  gucli  what 
prodigious   bulky  trees  there   are    in   that 
country,   coiifKlLring  that  thole  boats   arc 
made  of  on;   piece  or  trunk  ;  as  alio   to 
conceive,    wiiat  tedious  work  it  is  to  fell 
fuch  trees,  and  work  them  into  that  tbrni, 
all  being  done  with  only  a  fort  of  crooked 
la;ge  knives  tliofi;  people    make;    and  it 
were  fcar.-e  pradicible,  but  tliat  the  Ctiot 
trees,  ofwiiich  tluy  always  make  the  canoes, 
are  very  porous  and  'oft,  as  has  bei.n  ob- 
ferved  bi.tore. 
HnmaJt.     When  the  trunk  of  the  tree  is  cut  to  the 
length  they  tiefign  the  canoe,  they  hollow 
it  as  much  as  they  can,  with  their  crooketi 
knives,     and  then  burn  it  out  by  il  grecs, 
till  it  is  reduced  to  the  incended  caviiyand 
thicknefs,  which  then  they  Krape  and  plain 
with   other  fm.ill  tools  of  tin  ir  inwntion, 
both  within   and  without,  leaving  it  thick- 
nel's  enough,    that  it   may    not  Ijilit  when 
heavy  loaded. 
Shipt.  The  bottom  is  mule  alniofb  llat,  and  the 

fid.s  Ibmewhat  rounded,  lb  as  that  it  is 
fom  :\vhat  narrower  jull  at  the  top,  and 
bellies  out  a  little  lower,  that  they  may 
cany  tie  more  lail:  the  he.ul  and  llern 
are  raifed  long,  and  fimewhat  hooked, 
very  flvirp  at  the  end,  thai  fevcral  men  may 
lift  at  both  ends,  upon  ocealioii,  to  lay  it 
up  afliore,  and  turn  it  upfiJe  down,  the 
better  to  preferve  it  U  -m  the  weaiher,  and 
efpecially  from  rain,  and  therefore  they 
make  it  as  lij^ht  as  pofTible. 
Sm»ll  The  lelTer  canoes,  which  the  Blich  call 

f*noti.  Ekem^  and  the  Portuguejl;  Almailias,  are 
ret  koned  to  be  bell  maile  by  the  people  of 
Coinine'ulot  and  a  great  number  is  made  at 
jlgitdfi  and  Ommam,  in  the  country  o\Com- 
menJo.  The  nameof  GiWf  is  properly  of 
the  fFeJl-ln/lies,  where  fuch  boats  are  uf.d  i 
and  from  thofc  people  the  Spani.iril.i  learnt 
it,  and  all  other  nations  have  taken  it  from 
them. 

This  fort  ot  little  canoe  is  exadly  re- 
prcfenced  in  its  proper  form  and  fliape  in 


j     ■    ,  : 


the  print,  fliowing  five  or  fix  hundred  of 
them  abroad  a  filhing,  at  Mi>ia ;  and  juit 
under  it  is  the  other  fort  of  canoe,  carry- 
ing fiaves  aboard  the  fliips,  both  of  theni 
diliering  much  from  the  bar  canoes,  and 
thofe  made  to  perform  voyages.  The  latter 
is  exaftiy  drawn  in  all  its  parts,  to  gjv.; 
the  reader  a  jufl:  idea  of  it,  and  the  way 
of  rowing  and  (leering,  and  therefore  ic 
will  be  licedlefs  to  fay  more  of  it. 

I  have  before  fpoken  of  carpenters  and 
luiUl". -builders,  as  well  as  of  porters. 

P  o  T  ■>   E  R  3. 
"T"  HER  E  is  not  much  to  be  faid  of  them,  jj,,-, 
*•    but  that  they  were  tormerly  taught  l)v''''« 
the  Pert ugn-Je  to   prepare  the  e lay,  tofo.  nV'^-'' 
and  mould  it  into  jugs,  pipkins  pots  and 
troughs  of  fevcral  fizcs  -,  and  then  to  ba!.e 
it  in    proper  ovens,    fo  that  the   earthira 
ware  made  there,    tho'   very  thin,    is  y^c 
cxtraonlinary  hard,  and  as  good  as  any  in 
the  world  to  boil  meat,  or  other  provifioii^, 
or  for  any  ufe  whattoever.     The  elay  th.y 
generally  have,   is  of  a  dark  colour,  andtl-.>; 
vellels  made  of  it  will  endure    the    nioit 
violent  heat. 

Thatcher  s, 
'T'lIESE  have  a  peculiar  way  of  ran'^- 
•*■  ing  and  ordering  the  leaves  of  palm- 
trees,  or  of  huiian  wheat,  or  rudies,  one 
over  another,  all  bound  and  faflen'd  toge- 
ther, on  round  poles  of  feveralfizes  i  wlfitli 
they  expofe  to  fale  in  the  markets,  where 
any  one,  who  is  to  buikl  or  repair  a  houl.', 
has  the  ehoiee  of  what  is  mod  for  his  pur- 
pofe. 

The  inland  BLub  have  alio  feveral  tr.ide!,  ^if-. 
and  abundance  olhufbindmeri  among  them,  "■'■" 
Btfide--,  they  have  many  that  make  varioii-, 
fjfts  of  cTp.  and  hats  ot  thelkins  ot  hearts, 
and  with  llraw  and  rulhes  i  and  gre.it  num- 
bers of  weavers,  who  work  cloths  very 
artiticially,  in  little  portable  looms,  to  1)l" 
carried  about,  as  at  cape  I'rr.U,  fpinnini; 
the  bark  of  certain  trees,  and  dying  it  oi 
feveral  colours.  The  people  of  y//c''/v,  and 
the  country  about  them,  arc  the  moll  Ikil- 
ful  at  it  ot  any   on  the  G».J  Cs.ijL 

M  A  R  K.  E  T  s. 
T  Have  elliiwherc  obferv'd,  that  the /)''.;i;( 
have  publick  markets  or  fairs,  app.jinted 
in  fevcral  parts  of  the  couniry,  on  certain 
tiays  of  the  year,  fo;  the  conveniency  oi 
trade  ;  belides  that  which  is  pecidiar  to 
every  village  for  provifions. 

It  would  be  cndlel's  to  attempt  to  delcribc 
each  of  thofe  pnblick  fairs  or  markets,  .is 
well  up  the  inland,  as  at  the  coail ;  and  I 
think  it  will  fulHee  to  Ipeak  of  one  for  all, 
which  is  that  ot  I'ape  Co'i'o,  aci'oanied  the 
moll  confiderable  ot  all  the  coall,  .indeven 
of  all  othjr  parts  of  the  country. 

U 


ill.-!': 


Book  IIiIchap.  20.  Coajis  o/South-Guine  A. 


zefp 


hundred  of 
\a  i  and  \\\\\ 
inoc,  carry- 
oth  of  them 
canoes,  and 
The  latter 
rts,  to  givv: 
md  the  w.\y 

theretoro  it 

it. 

rpcnters  aiiJ 
jrtcrs. 


faid  oftIiem,rj».-i; 
ly  taught  by»j"''P>! 
l.iy,  to  toiin  '^^■'''' 
ins  pots  x^\ 

tiK'n   to  b.li,;' 

tiie  earth.  )',i 
thin,  is  y.c 
oJ  as  any  ;ii 
L-r  provifioii., 
rhe  day  tii.y 
lour,  andtl-.v.- 
re    die   moit: 


vay  of  r.in;:;- 
vcs  ot  palin- 
r  rudies,  one 
aften'd  togi.'- 
fizes  ;  which 
irkets,  where 
ppair  a  houlV, 
for   his  pur- 

eraltrade?,  v•.^• 
lnlonglhen).  "■■•"• 

ake  various 
ns  ot  bealb, 
:reat  num- 
lotlis  very 
ooin^,  to  be 
c',  fpinning 
lying  it  oi' 
///^•■/v,  and 
;  moll  fKil- 
1.7/. 


at  the  />'■.(.;; 
app.iint.'d 
on  certain 

vcniency  oi 
peculiar  to 

t  to  delcribc 
markets,  as 
)ait  i  an.i  I 
one  for  all, 
"o.inied  the 
I,  and  even 

U 


|(.,„ro'fo    It  is  kept  every  day,   except  Tuefda-jSt         At  this  market,  not  only  the  neighbour- Barbot- 

\r.i<i<i-    which  are  holy,  or  their  ftbbath,  in  a  large  ing  inhabitants,  but  alfo  the  crews  of /?«ro-V^V>i' 

place  at  the  end  of  the  town,  whither  great  /mw  fliips  riding  in  the  road,  are  plentifully 

numbers  of  all  the  neighbouring  people  re-  lupplied  with  many  necelTaries  and  refrelh- 

fort  every  morning  very  early,    with  all  ments}  the  latter  commonly  bartering  with 

forts  of  goods  and  eatables  the  land  affords  \  the  market  women,  for  garlick,  pins,  fmall 


«h'ii' 


befules  the  European  goods  carried  by  us 

Tliis  place  is  lo  difpofed,  and  the  rules 
prefcrib'd  for  the  more  orderly  keeping  of 
the  market  fo  religioufly  obferv'd,  that  all 
who  are  of  one  trade,  or  fell  the  fame  fort 
of  things,  fit  in  good  order  together  ■,  ami 
they  are  moftly  women,  who,  as  has  been 


looking-glafles,   ribbands,  flints  and  fteels, 
and  fuch  like  trifles. 

At  other  places  up  the  inland  they  have  r«fr/ 
fet  lairs,  at  fome  once,  and  at  others  twice 
a  year ;  but  fo  that  no  two  fairs  may  fall 
out  at  the  fame  time,  left  the  one  be  an 
hindrance  to  the  other.    There   they  alfo 


hinted  before,  are  commonly  cmploy'd  to     expoii:  to  lide  all  forts  of  things  they  have 


keep  market,  being  looked  upon  as  fitter 
for  it  than  the  men,  and  commonly  fliarper 
tliiin  they  for  gain  and  profit.  They  come 
thither  by  break  of  tiay,  from  five  or  fix 
leagues  round  about,  loaded  like  horfes, 
with  each  »f  them  one,  or  more  forts  ot 
goods;  a>:Jiig.ir-c,iihS,  buihvra.:,  fys,  )iim<, 
lemom,  orttngrs,  ric,\  m.lict,  Indian  v;hc',it, 
tmiia^KL'lle,  or  Guinea  ft'pier,  bread,  kan- 
kk's,  fo'U'ii  fijh  raw,  boiled,  roalled,  and 
fried,  palm  oil,  e^s,  poin/iciis,  enrthen- 
•jiare,    I'crr  called   Pctaiv,    wood  for   fuel, 


ot  the  produdl  either  oi  Europe  or  Africa, 
and  there  is  a  mighty  concourle  oi'iTeople, 
from  all  parts,  tho'  very  remote  from  the 
plate  where  tiie  faid  fair  is  kept. 

In  tormer  times  thofe  people  had  no  other /n»n«y. 
way  01  vending  their  commodities  among 
themlclves,  than  by  bartering  or  exchange  i 
but  fi:K\'  the  h'rencb  firft,  and  after  them  the 
Portir^ufj,',  taugiit  them  the  way  of  cutting 
coai  le  gold  into  very  fmall  bits,  by  tlirm 
call'd  A>.(-<77i,  to  facilitate  the  buying  and 
felling  of  lindl  things,  the  Bla(ki'\\x\c  fo 


ibiilcb  fbi  houles,  tobacco  of  the  growth  ot     well  improv'd    that   Ibrt  of  money,    that 


now  pretty  laige  funis  are  paid  in  it,  all 
along  the  (iuld  Coaft,  cx'  .  at  Acra,  where 
it  is  little  ul'ed  v  but  inilead  of  it,  for  the 
conveniency  of  buying  fmall  things  in  the 
market,  they  have  a  Ibrt  of  large  iron  pin, 
with  a  femicircle,  or  half  moon  at  one  end 
(if  it,  cxaftly  of  the  form  and  bigncfs  as 
reiirel'cnted  in  the  tUt  of  their  fmithery.      Plate  ji, 

Having  already  fpoken  fufHciently  of  the 
K'a-kra  money,  and  of  tiie  manner  of  the 
Icales  and  weights  they  ule  to  weigh  ir,  or 
any  gold  dull,  I  refer  the  reader  back  to  it ; 
as  well  as  tor  what  I  have  there  alio  faid  of 
tiieir  way  of  meafuring  all  forts  of  linnen, 
cloth,  or  Ihifis,  by  a  meafurc  almoll  nine 
loot  long,  by  them  called  Je£lam,  and  of 
their  manner  of  valuing  flaves,  at  a  fet  rate, 
but  alterable  according  to  the  times. 

1  have  alfo  given  an  account  of  their  lan- 
guage among  themlelves,  and  in  what  lort 
of  dialert  they  converfe  and  trade  with  Eu- 
ro/'CiUii ;  and  that  they  know  nothing  of 
writing  or  reading,  tho'  fome  Bliuks  of 
cape  ^'i7v/(',  and  Riiffo,  are  acquainted  with 
both  Tiiey  only  make  to  themlelves  fome .rfrf  of 
rules  for  memory,  the  better  to  manage '""»''7- 
their  atVairs,  to  that  they  are  rarely  guilty 
ot  omitting,  or  forgetting  the  leafl  tiling 
that  is  material.  For  their  way  of  catting 
up  any  numbers,  they  commonly  tell  from 
one  to  ten,  and  then  tally  on  their  fingers, 
or  by  Tdccocs,  and  lb  fuccelTively  other  tens, 


the  country,  iic.    The  BUcks  of  the  coalt 
alio  carry  thither  feveral  torts  oi  Eurojcm 
ijoods -,  and  early  in  the  afternoon  the  palm- 
wine  drawers  carry  that  liquor,  frefli  from 
the  fields,  and  the  filliermen  the  filh  they 
have  caught   in  the  morning.     There  the 
country   women  barter   or  exchange  their 
provifions  for  fifli,  or  other  necelTaries,  and 
about  three  of  the  clock  return  to  their  re- 
fpeclive  dwellings,    feveral  of  them  toge- 
ther in  a  company,  very  merrily,  fingingand 
Iporting  oil  the  way,    tho'    it  be   ever  lb 
far,   and  that  they  are  loaded  with  as  much 
as  they  can  well  carry  -,  befides  lometimcs 
an  infant  tied   at  their  back,  which,  as  has 
been   faid,    they  always  carry  wherefoever 
tliey  go,  as  long  as  it  fucks.     Where  any 
of  tlieir  idols  are  fet  up  in  the  roads,  and 
there  are  great  numbers  of  them  through- 
out  all   the  country,    they   never  pafs  by, 
without  leaving  fome  fmall  part  of  wh.it 
ihcy  carry,  by   way  of  offering. 

Of  all  the  torts  of  goods,  or  provifions 
fold  at  this  market,  the  palm-wine  has  the 
greatetl  vent,  bccaufe  of  the  great  number 
ol  filliermen  and  fadlors,  retorting  thither 
as  loon  as  they  come  afhore  from  trading 
or  fifhing  at  lea  in  the  forenoon  •,  who 
having  earn'd  fome  money,  are  very  free  to 
([lend  it  in  that  liquor,  and  drink  plentiluUy 
tlie  retl  of  the  day,  with  their  Iricnds  and 
neighbours,  till  fupper-time,  when  moll  of 

them  go  home  drunk  :  and  noiwithtlanding  till  they  come  to  an  hundred,  which  they 
thofe  excelles,  it  is  rare  to  hear  of  any  quar-  tally  oi  tcore  down  in  the  fime  ma-  ner, 
rtlor  ditbrdercommittrd,  byreafon  of  the  and  begin  af,ain  from  one  to  ten.  Some  of 
good  government  ot  x\\f:  (lavocciros,  or  m.'-  the  b'.'iter  fort  ot  Blacks  have  proper  names 
gillrates  iluringtiie  market.  fornumters  to  an  hundred,  (s!c.  as  may  be 

\'  0 1..  V.  Z  z  /,  t'eco 


Ml 


m 


^m 


!'■  (I 


ill 


ri 


inr"   ' 


M 


W'  ;!i  f 


'A' 


iM'-i 


270 


^  Defer ipt ion  of  the 


Tiunu 
ftUingihtir 
ciiUrto. 


BARBoTfeen  fct  down  iiuhe  vocabulary  of  their  fa- 
^^V^'inili.ir  words  anil  phralts  hereafter  inferced. 

Slaves, 

IjEing  one  part  of  their  riches,  and  pro- 
*^  perly  a  commodity  in  this  country,  as 
they  were  in  ancient  times  at  fyre,  Ezech. 
xxvii.  I  j.  J  man.  Tubal  and  Mejhecb,  they 
were  thy  mcrdhvin  i  tl^ey  traded  the perfons  of 
men,  &t.  it  will  not  be  improper  to  fay 
fomctliiiig  of  iliem. 

They  an-,  for  the  mod  part,  people  taken 
m  war  -,  but  fomctimes  fold  into  bondage 
by  their  own  rtlaiions,  in  tliis  particular, 
like  the  Cbine/r,  wlio  fell  their  fons  and 
daughters  wheiuhcy  pleale,  and  pradlife  it 
frequently.  Tlic  SeLivoniiiin  hail  the  lame 
cuftom,  and  were  alio  free  to  kill  tlieni. 
The  PerJiiiHi  kept  them  as  flaves.  l^id.  Nd- 
rirelte,  pay.  5  1 . 

Otiurs  arc  tomctimcs  ftolen  away,  out 
of  cheir  owmountries  by  robbers,  orfpirit- 
cd  by  kiiln.ipptrs,  who  often  e.irry  away 
many  cliildrin,  ut  both  fexes,  as  tluy  find 
them  about  the  country,  being  let  to  wateh 
the  corn-fields  of  their  relations,  ashusbeen 
laid  in  its  pi.uf.  Some  alio  through  extreme 
want  in  lurd  times,  alio  infoK'ent  debtors, 
and  fuch  as  are  condemn'd  to  fines  tiiey 
are  not  able  to  pay,  fell  themlelves  willing- 
ly for  flives,  to  others  of  tiieir  country 
people,  and  there  arc  of  both  llxes  and  .ill 
ages  ;  but  the  much  gre.ucr  number  of 
fl.r.  ?s,  as  has  been  faitl,  are  taken  in  war, 
cither  in  battle,  or  by  making  excurfions 
into  the  enemies  country. 

The  trade  of  flavcs  is  in  a  more  peculiar 
manner  tiie  bufincfs  of  kings,  rich  men, 
antl  prime  merchants,  cxdufive  of  the  in- 
ferior fort  of  Blanks. 

riKlc  fiavesare  fevcrely  and  barbaroufly 
treated  by  their  mailers,  who  lubfift  them 
poorly,  and  beat  them  inliumaiily,as  niay  be 
fcen  by  thefcabs  ,ind  wounds  on  the  bodies  of 
many  of  them  when  fold  to  us.  Thty  Icarce 
allow  them  the  lead  rag  to  cover  their  n.ik;d- 
nefs,  which  they  alio  take  off  from  tiiem 
when  fold  to  F.uropcam  ;  and  they  always 
go  bare-he.uled.  The  wives  and  children  of 
flaves,  are  alio  flaves  to  the  mafter  under 
whom  they  are  married  ;  and  when  dead, 
they  never  bury  tiiem,  but  call  out  the 
bodies  into  fome  by  place,  to  be  devoured 
by  birds,  or  hearts  ot  prey. 
Thiftinthi  This  b.irbarousufage  of  thofe  unfortunate 
WciMn-  wretches,  makes  it  appear,  that  the  fate  of 
fuch  as  are  bought,  and  tranfported  from 
the  coaft  to  America,  or  other  parts  of  the 
world,  by  Europeam,  is  lefs  deplorable,  than 
that  of  thofe  who  end  their  days  in  their 
native  country  ;  for  aboard  Ihipsall  polTible 
care  is  taken  to  prclcrve  and  fubfilt  them 
for  the  intereft  of  the  owners,  and  when  Ibid 
in  Amerkat  the  fame  motive  ought  to  pre- 


*^okIII.|chap. 


Bart^rtut 


did  h»p 
fur. 


vail  with  their  maflws  to  ufc  them  well, 
that  they  may  live  the  longer,  and  do  them 
more  fervice.    Not  to  mention  the  inelti 
mablc  advantage  they   may   reap,  of  ht- 
coming  chriftians,    and  faving  their  (ouls, 
if  they  make  a  true  ufc  of  their  condition  . 
whereof  fome  inftances  might  be  brought 
tho*  it  muft  be  owned,  they  are  very  har^i 
to  be  brought  to  a  true  notion  of  the  chn 
ftian  religion,  and  much  lefs  to  be  prcvailM 
on  to  live  up  to  its  holy  rules  i  being  na 
turally  very  ftupid  and  fenhial,  and  fo  ajv 
to  continue  till   tlieir  end,  without  the  Icali 
concern  for  a  future  date  of  etern.d  blifs, 
or  mifcry,  accor.ling  as  they  have  li\ed  in 
this  world. 

It  mull  alio  be  own'd,  that  the  chrillian^,  ■  . 
in  dmer-.ca  are  much  to  be  bjanii-d  in  thi,  ' 
particular  ;  an<i  more  elpeiially  ilie  pro-!' 
tell.uus,  which  I  beg  le.we  to  take  noticili, 
ot  with  fome  concirn,  take  very  little  care 
to  have  their  flaves  inltrurtedin  thecjiriltian 
religion  ;  as  if  it  were  not  a  [Hjfitive  duty 
incumbent  on  them,  by  tlie  precepts  ol 
chrilliaiiity,  to  procure  the  welfare  of  their 
fervantslbuls,  as  well  as  tliatof  ilieir  bodie<;. 
This  has  been  expreiny  deciaietl  by  two 
f) nods  of  the  piotellaiit  churches  ot  l-'innc,-, 
the  one  held  at  lio.iii,  the  other  at  .-lUmoi:, 
in  ihj7.  upon  the  quellions  put  in  thole 
alfemblies  by  over-fcrupulous  perfons,  who 
thought  it  uidawful,  that  many  protellant 
merchants,  who  had  long  traded  in  flaves 
from  (Jiiinea  to  Amerita,  ihould  contimi:; 
that  tr.iHick,  as  inconftllent  with  chrilliaii 
charity.  The  lynod  thereupon,  after  a  long 
difcullion  ot  the  point,  decreed  as  toilows : 
Tiio'  llavery,  as  it  has  been  always  ackiiow- 
leilged  to  be  of  ti\e  ri[^ht  of  nations,  is  imt 
condenuaed  in  the  word  ot  God,  and  lui 
not  been  abolilhed  in  moft  parts  ot  Eiiropi-, 
by  the  manitelVation  of  the  golpel,  but 
only  by  a  contrary  pr.actice,  infeiililijy  in 
troduced  ;  neverthelcfs,  fince  levcral  nur- 
cliants,  trading  on  the  co.ift  oi  Africa,  anii 
to  the  Indies,  where  that  r,rafHck  is  iKTiuii 
ted,  acquire  flaves  ot  the  Harlaridi:.',  cither 
in  exchange,  or  tor  money,  the  polleHion 
of  whom  they  tranlioit  to  others  by  lonn.il 
fales,  or  exchange  i  this  allembly,  coiihriiv 
ing  the  rule  made  on  tliat  lubject  in  Ad- 
maiidy,  exhorts  them,  not  to  abule  that 
liberty,  contr.iry  to  chrillian  charity,  aivJ 
not  to  tiifpol'e  of  thofe  poor  inliJels,  biit 
to  fuch  chrilUaiu,  as  will  ule  them  with 
humanity  -,  and  above  all,  will  take  caiv 
to  inltrud   them  in  the  true  religion. 

But  how  fir  moft  proteftaut  pl.uUersando-.V'^ 
therinhabitantsof  European  colonies  mAmc-"'" 
rica,  are  from  following  fuch  realbnable  ad- 
vice, every  ]ierlbii  tha'.:has  converled  among 
them  can  tell.  There,  provideil  that  tlullavis 
can  multiply,  and  work  hard  for  the  beiulit 
of  their  inalters,  moft  men  arc  well  fati'lied, 

with- 


Ih 


Book  ml  Chap.  20.         Coafts  0/ South -Guinea. 


them   well, 
anil  dothiiii 
m  the  inelti 
reap,  of  lic- 
5  their  louis, 
;ir  condition  . 
be  brought 
are  very  harii 
n  of  the  chn 
o  be  prcvail'd 
;s  i  being  n.i 
j1,  and  fo  ap' 
tliout  the  leaii 

eternal  blii;. 
have  lived  in 

:  the  chrirtian>  ■  .. 
l.uiii.'d  in  thi,  '  • 
i.illy  the  pio-;,'  '' 

0  t.ike  noticc-fl,,,, 
cry  little  care 

in  theclirirtian 

1  pofitive  duty 
(•  precepts  ot 
clf.iri'  oi  their 
of  their  bodies, 
i.ircd  by  two 
:1rs  ot  1-rance, 
ler  at  Alencoi:, 
i  put  in  thole 

perfons,  who 
lany  protelLint 
raded  in  flaves 
lould  contiinis 
with  chrilhm 
jn,  alter  along 
ed  as  follows : 
ways  ackiiow- 
nations,  is  nnt 
|God,   and  li.is 
arts  of  h'.nropi; 
".^olpei,    but 
inleiililily  iii- 
|e   Icveral  iiier- 
f  ylfi'ua,  an^i 
ek  is  iK'rmit 
i.in.!)::,  cither 
the  polU'flinn 
lers  by  torin.il 
ibly,  confirm- 
bject   in  Nqi- 
10  abulc  tli.ii 
clianty,  and 
iiitidels,  but 
lie  them   with 
,vill  take  cue 
cligion. 

[planters  and  o--V'j' 
lonies  mAnu-"'"'- 
calbnable  ad- 
liverl'ed  uihoiil; 
that  the tlavis 
for  the  beiu'lit 
wcllf.iti'h«!, 
with- 


271 

without  the  leaft  thoughts  of  ufing  their    chriftian  flavc,    in  whole  behalf  St.  PaulBAnnnr. 
authority  and  endeavours  to  promote  the     writes  to  Philemon,  his  matter,  in  fo  affefti-  V^V^^ 


l-.ys  '■ 


good  of  the  fouls  of  thofe  poor  wretches. 
Ill  this  particular  I  niuft  fay,  the  Roman- 
Cailjvlicks  of  the  American  plantations  are 
iinich  mbre  commendable  •,  for  at  Marti- 
tiico,  one  of  the  I'nncb  Canbbee  iflands,  all 
wiio  have  been  there  may  have  obferved, 
tli;,t  every  5««(yrt)i  morning  early  there  is  a 
ni  lis  celebrated  in  the  chappel  of  the  Je- 
liiin,  called  the  mafs  of  the  i?/<if/tj,  as  being 
Hirticularly  appointed  for  thole  flaves  in 
the  iHand  ;  and  every  planter,  who  lives 
within  a  realonable  diltance  of  it,  is  obliged 
to  lend  his  Binds  to  be  prefent  at  it,  and 
at  other  devotions,  according  to  the  fervicc 
of  the  Roman  cluitch. 

It  is  alio  notorious,  with  wliat  applica- 
tion the  Pi^rtnxiieje  have  endeavoured,  for 
rliefe  two  lalt  centuries,  to  propagate  their 
relif^ion  ainonglt  the  Blacks  in  general,  at 
Guiiwa-,  Cun^^o  and  Angola,  by  keeping  a 
"Tcat  number  of  milHoners  there,  in  Icvcral 
[iLiccs :  and  even  in  Brajil,  what  care  they 
take  to  inrtrudt  fo  many  thoulands  ot  Black 
Hives,  as  arc  employed  in  the  fervice  ot 
their  plantations,  as  fhall  be  farther  declar'd 
when  I  Ihall  treat  of  thole  peoples  fenl'e,  or 
belief  of  religious  worfliip. 

Before  I  leave  this  fubjedt,  I  (liall  mention 
wo  principal  reafons,    to  pafs  by  leveral 
'  '"'others  of  lefs   moment,    which  proteftant 
'^    planters  ufually  alledge,  in  the  Englijh  co* 
lonies  of  Amerua,    to  excufe  this  negleft  : 
the  lir'l,  the  great  incumbrance  it  wculd 
be  to  a  planter,  who  has  a  great  numbc  of 
fl.ives,  fbme   one,  others  two  hundred   tnd 
more,  firfl   o  have  them  Icam  Engli/l.',  and 
.iiterwaids  to  i,"^rudt  every  one  of  them  in 
the  principal  articles  of  the  protertant   be- 
lief, thole  flaves  being  generally  of  i  bru- 
lilh  temper,  and  piepollefled  with  fantalli- 
tal  luperllitioui  praftices  of  the  grolTeftand 
molt  abfiird  paganilm  ■,  which, in  reality, moft 
ot  them  always  adhere  to,  tho'  they  have 
lived  ever  fo  long  among  proteftants.    The 
otiv'r  argument,    on  which  many  feem  to 
lay  much  ftrefs,  is,   that  if  tl^ir  Haves  were 
made    chriftians    by    baptii'm,    L-fc.    tliey 
Ihoiild,  according  to  the  law-  of  the  Brilij/j 
nation,  and  the  canons  otits  jlnir^h,  iminc- 
diattly  lofe  the  projjeny  'hey   had  before 
in  thofe  (uive<; ;    it  beinji,   inconfiftent  with 
the  jrotcllant  nligion,   that  any  of  its  pro- 
fcllbi^  Hiould  be  kept  in  bondage  tor  life. 
But  this  is  a  talle  notion,  for  neither  the  laws 
of  the  nation,  nor  the  canons  ol  the  church 
oiEngLiiiil,  norof  any  other  clirilUan  people 
in  liitrcU',  that   I   could  csci  h; ar   of',    do 
dilliiargc  any  /i/ai (■  iVwe,  that  has  received 
baptiliii,  from  continuing  fo  till  death.     I 
liave  in  this  point  had  the  opinion  of  very 
learned  F.igHjh?ii\A  /-rtv/i/j  divines,  alledging 
one  inftance  of  the  like  cafe  mOtfJiinui,  a 


onate  a  manner;  vid.  hisepidle:  by  all  which 
it  is  apparent,  that  in  thofe  times,  the  pri 
mirivc  chriftians  had  many  flaves  among 
them,  who  were  alfo  chriftians. 

To  conclude  on  this  head,  it  may  fafely  c/jr»y?;«ii/. 
be  affirmed,  that  if  the  proteftants  were  *)"»«"'<' 
careful  to  have  their  Barbarian  flaves  bap- 2^**?j/""' 
tized,  and  well  inftruck'd  in  the  principles 
and  maxims  of  true  chriftianity,  many  of 
thofe  poor  wretches  would  behave  them- 
felves  much  more  humanely  and  dutifully 
towards  their  mailers  and  fellow-llavcs  than 
they  do,  for  want  ot  Inch  inftrudions -,  and 
conlLqiantly  we  IliouKI  not  I'o  often  hear  ol 
their  mutinying  and  deferring,  as  has  been 
known  at  B.irhaih:  s,  ami  other  lolonies. 
The  maxims  ofchiiflianity  woulii  doubtkis 
be  a  curb  to  their  rude  temper,  and  the 
planters  might  txped  the  blelTing  of  heaven 
on  their  pl.intatiuns,  as  a  reward  of  their 
charitable  mdeavourv  to  convert  thofe  grots 
pagans  tiom  their  de|'loiable  ftateofdepra- 
v.ition,  in  all  malice  and  vilencfs  towards 
God  and  man. 

The  Gold  Caijl,  in  times  of  war  between 
the  inland  nations,  and  thofe  nearer  the 
fea,  will  furnini  great  numbers  of  ll.ives 
ot  all  fexes  and  agesv  lometimcs  at  one 
place,  and  fometiiiie?,  at  another,  as  has  been 
already  oblerveil,  according  to  the  nature 
of  the  war,  and  the  fuuation  of  the  coun- 
tries between  which  it  is  waged.  I  remem- 
ber, to  this  purpofe,  that  in  the  year  1 68 1, 
an  Eii^lifi  interloper  at  CommcnJo  got  three 
hundre  '  good  Ila\  es,  almotl  for  nothing, 
btfuics  i.ie  trouble  of  receiving  them  at  the 
beach  in  his  boats,  .is  the  Cctnoundo  intn 
brought  tluni  from  the  field  of  battle, 
having  obtained  .i  \idory  over  a  neighbour- 
ing nation,  and  taken  a  great  number  of 
prilbners. 

At  otlier  times  flaves  are  fo  fcarce  there, 
that  in  1682,  I  could  get  but  eight  from 
one  end  of  the  co.dl  to  the  other  •,  not  only 
becaule  we  were  a  great  number  of  trading 
ftiips  on  tlie  coaft  at  the  tame  time,  but  by 
rcalbn  the  natives  were  every  where  at  peace. 
At  anotlier  time,  I  had  two  hundred  flaves 
at  ./f/ij  only,  in  a  fortnight  or  three  weeks 
time  -,  a.ndthe  upper  co.ill  men,  un.tertland- 
ing  I  had  thofe  fl.aves  aboard,  came  down 
to  redeem  them,  giving  me  two  for  one, 
of  fuch  as  I  underflood  were  their  near  re- 
lations, who  had  been  flolen  away  by  inland 
Blacks,  brought  down  to  Acra,  and  Ibid 
to  us. 

I  alfo  remember,  iliat  I  once,  among  my  ^  „/.„.> 
fcveral  runs  along  that  co.ift,  happened  to/'""'/)' 
have  aboard  a  whole  family,    man,    wife, ■/'*■"'• 
three  young  bo^s,  and  a  girl,  bought  one 
aftei-  another,  at  feveral  places  1  and  cannot 
but  obferve  here,  wiiat  mighty  fatistaction 

thofii 


'iiii 


1: 


I'l:': 


■ii!  I'l 


.;!; 


^..■j:^i; 


■'I 


Tv 


::^ 


m 


A        i 


i'i     > 


'i-'    ' 


272 


j4  Defcription  of  the 


Book  III. 


n^RHOT.ihorc  poor  creatures  expreffed  to  be  fo  known  by  a  long  courfe  of  experience  that 
^^^'comc  together  agiin,  tho'  in  bondage,  the  Englijh  particularly  every  year  lofe 
For  feveral  days  lucceflively  they  could 


not  forbear  (hedding  tears  of  joy,  and  con' 
tinuaily  embracing  and  care.ring  one  ano- 
ther ;  which  moving  me  to  compaflion,  I 
ordered  they  fliould  be  better  treated  a- 
board  than  commonly  we  can  afford  to  do 
it,  where  there  arc  four  or  five  hundred  in 
a  fhip;  and  -it  Mariinko,  I  fold  them  all 
together  to  a  confiderablc  planter,  at  a 
cheaper  rate  than  I  might  l)ave  expcifled, 
had  they  been  dil'pofeil  of  feveraliy  •,  be- 
ing informed    of  that  gentleman's  good 


great  numbers  in  the  paHage,  and  Tome 
Ihips  two,  three,  and  even  four  hundred 
out  of  five  hundred  (hipped  in  Guinea. 

Before  we  leave  this  fubjeft,  the  follow-^f^j, 
ing  obfervation  may  not  be  unacceptable. »*X,., 
The  Ifraelites  had  the  power  of  life  and""" 
death    over    their  (lives,  and   that  right 
was  then    common   to    all  nations ;    tor 
captivity  was  derivetl  from    the  right  ol 
war,  when  indead  of  killing  the  enemies 
it  was  judged  more  advifeable  to  lave  their 
'ives,  and  make  ufeot  their  fervice.    It  was 


nature,    and   having  laken  his  word,  that     then  I'uppofed,  that   the  conqiieror  always 


lie  would  ul'e  that  liiinily  as  well  as  their 
cirtuinlhinces  would  permit,  and  I'ettle  them 
in  (bine  p.irt  by  themfelves. 

I  have  ellewlure  fpoke  of  the  manner  of 
valuing  and  rating  the  flaves  among  the 
RLtcks,  and  Ihall  conclude  this  chapter, 
which  proves  to  be  one  of  the  longi  R, 
with  an  o  kl  remark;  which  is,  That  many 


rtfervcd  to  himfclf  the  right  of  taking 
their  lives,  if  they  became  unworthy  of 
his  meroy  j  that  he  acquired  the  fame 
right  over  tlie  chihiren  of  ilaves,  lince  they 
could  never  have  been  born,  hatl  not  he 
preferved  the  father,  an^i  that  he  tranf- 
terred  that  right,  in  dilpofing  of  his  flave. 
This   is  the  foundation  of  the  ablijlute'''""!/" 


ot  tliofe  (laves   we  tranlport  from    Gidiie.i     authority  of  the  maftcrs,  and  it  was  very'""-" 


to  /hm-riL  a  MX  prepolleiletl  with  the  opinion, 
that    they    are   carried    like    (lieep  to    the 
(1  lugliter,  and  that  the  Europeans  are  (bnd 
of  tlieir  dclh  ;  wliich  notion  lb  far  prevails 
with  fome,   as  to  make  them  fill    into  a 
deep  melaniholy  and  defpair,  and  to  refufe 
all   lultenance,    tho'  never  (b  much  com- 
pelled ani.  even  beaten  to  oblige  them  to 
take  fome  nouri(hment:  notwithitandingall 
which,  they  will  (larve  to  death  ;  whereof  I 
have    had    feveral    inftances   in    my  own 
(laves    both    aboanl    and    at    Guadalup.: 
AikI  tho'   I  muft  fay  I  am  naturally  com- 
palfionate,    yet    have   1    been  nccelTitated 
lometiiiies    to    caufe    the    teeth   of  thofe 
wretches  to  he  broken,  becaufe  they  would 
not    opiii  their  mouths,    or  be  prevailed 
upon  by  any  intreaties  to  feed  themfelves ; 
and  thus  have  forced  Ibme  luftenance  into 
their  throats. 

At  the  end  of  the  fupplement  to  this 
ilefcription,  may  be  ken  how  I  ordered  the 
flaves  to  be  ufed,  and  managed,  in  our 
pallige  from  the  coaft  to  the  H'ejl-fmlia; 
which  if  it  were  well  obfcrved  by  other 
Europeans  following  that  trade,  would  cer- 


rare  that  they   would  abide  if,  their  own 
interell    obliging  them    to    preferve  their 
flaves  which  were  a  part  of  their    wealtli. 
That  is  ihe  reaibn  in  the  law  of  fioti,  (or 
not   [Uinifliing   him,    who   had   beaten   h;s 
flave    lb  unmercifully,    that   he  died  in  ,1 
few  days  after.     'Tis  his  money,  lays  the 
law;  to  fliow  that  his  lofs  was  a  ('ifHcieiit 
punifbment :  and  it  might  be  prefunieil  in 
that  cafe,  the  mafler  only   intended  to  cor- 
reft  him.     But    if  the  flave  aftu.dly  dial 
iimier  the  blows,  it  was  an  ihducemc  ni  10 
believe   that    the    mailer's    defign   was  to 
kill  him,  and  therefore    the   law  diiLire.l 
him  guilty  i   wherein  it  was   more  mer.  i- 
(ul  than  the  laws  of  other  nations.       The 
Romans  for  above  fifty  years  had  the  riglii 
of  putting  their  flaves  to  death  •,  of  lay 
ing  their  debtors    in  irons,    for   non-pay- 
ment,   and  of  felling    their  own  chiMteii 
three  feveral  times  fucceflively,  before  they 
were    out   of  their  power.     All    this  w.is 
purfu.int  to  the  laws  of  the  twelve  tabli  i 
which  they   brought  from    Gr.vv,    about 
the  time    when   the    'jfeics  were  again  re- 
eftablifliing  themfelves,    after  their  return 


tainly  favt  the  lives  of  many  thoufands  of  from  captivity,  and  about  a  thouland  years 

thofe  poor  wretches,  every  year,  and  ren-  after  Mojh.     More  of  thcfe  rem.irks  may 

der  the  voyages  much  more  advantageous  be  found  in  other  parts  of  tiiis  defcription 

to  the  owners  and  adventurers ;  it  being  treating  of  flaves. 

CHAP.      XXI. 

European  goods  for  Guinea  j  ufes  they  are  put  to;  duties  paid  for  goods. 
Safe  ridrg  at  the  coajl.  Merry-making  and  dancing.  Feoji  made  by  the 
Danifh  general.    Manner  of  taking  an  oath. 


European  Gooos/or  Guinea. 

AS  to    the   different   forts  of  goods  the 

Europeai's  generally  carry    thither  for 

tr.ide  ;  each  nation  commonly  fupplies  the 

coafl,  as  much  as  is  convenient,  with  fuch 


as  their  refpedive  countries  affonl ;  and 
what  they  want  at  home  for  well  allbrt- 
ing  their  cargo,  they  buy  in  other  parts  of 
Europe.    For  inftance. 

The 


U^ 


Book  III. 

rience  that 
year  lofe 
and  fomt? 
ir  hundred 
Guinea. 

:he  follow- i(,.,  ^. 
acceptable.  «nri,.,i 
)f  lite  and""" 
that  riglit 
itions  1    tor 
le  right  ot 
he  enemies 

0  lave  tlu'ir 
ice.  It  was 
cror  always 

of    taking 
nworthy  of 

1  the  fame 
,  fince  they 
Ii.kI  not  hi- 
ic  lie  tranf- 
of  ills  Have. 

he  abf()lme''«»"«f 
it  was  very  '/'';" 
-,  their  own 
refiTve  ihrir 
icir    wcaltii. 
of  f»(Hl,  toi 
I  beaten   his 
iL'  liieci  in  .1 
ley,  lavs  tiie 
i  a  I'llHcienc 
prefumei.1  in 
:nile'l  to  cor- 
^aiially  ihtM 
uceint  111  10 
n  was  to 
ill  I  larcii 
iiore  nu'iii- 
ions.       The 
d  the  rij^hi 
of  l.iy 
noM-iuy- 
n  ciiiliiiiii 
before  ihiy 
this  was 
velve  tablii 
•■f,    abour 
;  again  ri.- 
leir  return 
u  fa  ml  yea:s 
marks  ni.iy 
defcriptioii 


for  goods, 
de  by  the 

ifforJ  -,  and 
^cll  atlort-_ 
lier  parts  ot 


Chap.  Zl-        Coa/ls  of  Sovth-Gvihea. 


i7 


aw 


11 


■r,!it  thf 

Vtcncb 


The  French  commonly  carry  more 
brandy,  wine,  iron,  paper,  firelocks,  6ff. 
than  tl"  Engli/h  and  DuU I)  can  do,  thofe 
commo<.litics  being  cheaper  in  f>\;«i<?  i  as, 
on  tlK  other  hand,  they  fupply  the 
Guitt-ii  trade  with  greater  quantities  of 
linen  cloth,  bugles,  copper  batons,  and 
kettles,  wrought  pewter,  gun-powder, 
tayes,  perpetuanas,  chints,  lawris,  old 
iiicets,  i^c.  tiian  ihc  Deni hi  becaufe  they 
niult  get  thclc  wares  from  Englcml  or 
llnlhind. 

The  French  commonly  compofe  their 
Cipro  for  the  Gold  Cocijt  trade,  to  purcliafe 
ll.ives  and  gokl-dull  ;  of  brandy  mollly, 
white  and  red  wine,  ros  fulis,  tirelocks 
nnilkets,  flints,  iron  in  bars,  whitt-  and 
H.uk  eontetarb:',  red  frize,  looking-glattcs, 
line  coral,  l"arl'ap..rilla,  bugles  of  I'undry 
Ions  and  colours,  and  glals  be  .,  pow- 
ilcr,  lliects,  toluico,  t.ilu-iies,  anu  many  o- 
tlitr  Ions  ot  filks  wrougiu,  as  brocardtls, 
velvets,  t?"''.  Iliirts,  bi.u  k-luts,  linen,  pa- 
iier,  laces  of  many  fort:,,  beads,  Ihot,  lead, 
mulkct-balls,  Hints,  callicois,  lerge.s  flufls, 
tff.  bel'ides  the  other  goods  tor  a  true 
allbrtment,  wliicU  tJiey  luve  eoiumonly  froiii 
Ihliand. 

The  Dutch  have  Coejveld  linen,  fleyfigcr 
lywat,  old  Iheets,  Lqdcn  ferges,  dyed  in- 
iligo-blue,  perpetuanas,  green,  blue,  and 
purple  :  Kminy^i-Kuedcren,  annab.is,  large 
and  narrow,  made  .it  Iliierlem,  C^pnn  and 
luykci  ftutfs,  Tmkiy  carpets,  red,  blue,  and 
yel!ovv  cloths,  grejn,  red  and  white  Leaden 
rugs,  filk  ftufls,  blue  and  white  i  brats  ket- 
tk"ofall  fi/,csi  copper  baton:,  5fo/t/.)pans, 
h.irl)ers  batons,  tome  wrought,  others  ham- 
.Tiered ;  copper  pots,  brat's  locks,  brafs 
trumpets,  p.wtfr,  brafs,  and  iron  rings, 
iiair  trunks,  pewter  dilhes,  and  plates  (ot 
a  n.irrow  brim  ;)  deep  porringers,  all  torts 
and  fi/es  of  tilliing-hooks,  and  lines,  le.ul 
m  Iheets,  and  in  pipes,  three  forts  ot 
DiiUh  knives;  Venue  bugles,  and  glals 
hiMti.s,  of  fundry  colours  and  fi/.es;  Sneep- 
Ikins,  iron  b.irs,  brafs  pins,  long  .md 
fliorti  brats  bells,  iron  hammers,  |)owdi.r, 
nuilkets,  cutfices,  cawris,  chints,  lead  balls, 
ami  Ihot,  of  liindry  torts  -,  brats  cups, 
with  handles,  cloths  of  Cah-Vado,  i'ljiu- 
f.i.a,  Jrdra,  and  ol  Rio-Foicado  •,  blue 
(Oral,  (j/;Vii  akory,  from  Bmn  ;  ftrong  wa- 
ters, and  abundance  of  other  wares,  being 
near  a  hundred  and  tifty  forts,  as  a  Dutch- 
m  VI  told  me. 

The  Enrlijb,  befides  inany  of  the  fame 
goods  abovementioned,  have  tapfeils  broad 
and  narrow,  nicancts  fine  and  coarfe  ; 
Muny  forts  of  chints,  or  liid'um  callicoes 
printed,  tallow,  reil  painting  colours ;  Ca- 
nary  wine,  fayes,  perpetuanas,  interior  to 
the  Dutch,  and  iack'd  up  in  painted  til- 
VoL.  V. 


lets,  with  the  Exglijh  arms:  many  jortsBARnvi-. 
of  white  callicoes  1  blue  and  white  linen,  ^^OT^ 
China  fattins,  Barbadoei  rum,  or  aqua-vits, 
made  from  fuga"*,  other  ftrong  waters,  and 
fpirits,  beads  of  alt  forts,  buckfhaws,  IVelJb 
plain,  boyfides,  romberges,  clouts,  ginga- 
rus  taffeties,  amber,  brandy,  flowtfr,  Ham- 
burgh brawls,  and  white,  blue  and  white, 
and  red  chequer'd  linen,  narrow  Guinea 
Huffs  chcqucrM,  ditto  broad,  old  hats,  pur- 
pie  beads. 

Note,  That  all  the  iron  for  Cuiiea,  is  of 
the  very  lame  fize  and  weight  as  defcrihed 
in  the  ilefcriptio.i  ot  Nigriija  ;  and  is  called 
at  Loiidjn  by  the  n.ime  of  Fcwigf-Ir'ni,  and 
i:  the  only  fort  ufed  all  over  the  coatls 
of  North  and  Snnh  Giiinra,  and  in  E:bio- 

1  he  D'nc.<,  Branderhiirghfn,  and  Portu-  Dines, 
tuefe,    provide  their    cargoes   in    Holland,  P""^™* 
commonly  confilnng  ot  very  near  the  lame  awjportu- 
tort  of  wares,  as  1  have  obl'erved  t!ie  Dutch,  guelc. 
make  up  theirs  ■,    the  two   formi  r  iiaving 
hardly  .my  thing  of  their  own,  proper  for 
the  trade  of  the  Gold  Coajl,  befides  topper 
and  filver,  either  wrought  or  in  bullion,  or 
pieces  of  eight,    which  arc  a   commodity 
alfo  there. 

The  Portii'^iirjl;  as  I  have  already  fiid, 
have  moll  of  their  cirgoes  from  Holland, 
under  the  name  of  Jews  refiding  there, 
which  confills  in  many  of  the  fame  forts 
of  goods,  mentioned  in  the  article  concern- 
ing the  Hollanders ;  to  which  they  aeld 
tome  things  of  the  produft  of  Ere -11,  as 
tobacco,  rum,  tame  cattle,  St,  Tome  cloths, 
and  others  from  Rin-Forcado,  and  other  cir- 
cumjacent places  in  the  gulpli  of  Guinea. 

The  Blacks  of  the  Gold  Conjl  having  traded  v:,kU 
with  the  Euroi'e.ins,  ever  fince  the  beginning  <••'•■«»««* 
of  the  fourteenth  century,  are  very  well  jj;"  ''"^ 
flciUed  in  the  nature  ancl  jiropcr  qualities  '•'' 
of  all  the  Eurojeaiis  wares,  and  merchan- 
dize vended  there  v  but  in  a  more  particu- 
lar manner,  fince  they  have  lb  often  been 
impoled  iqon  by  tlie  Eiu-openns,  who  in 
former  ages  1.  de  no  Icruple  to  cheat 
them  in  the  qualities,  wei^lit  and  meafure 
of  their  goods  •,  which  at  firlt  they  received 
ujion  content,  becaufe  they  lay  it  could 
never  enter  into  their  thoughts,  that  IFhite 
men,  as  they  call  the  Euroj^euns,  were  fo 
bate  as  to  abufe  their  credulity,  and  gooii 
opinion  of  us.  But  now,  they  are  perpe- 
tually on  their  guard  in  that  particular,  exa- 
mine and  fearch  very  narrowly  all  our 
merchandize,  piece  by  piece,  to  ti?e  each 
be  of  the  quality  and  meafure  contrafted 
for  by  famples  :  for  inftance,  if  the  cloth 
or  fayes  are  well  made  and  ftrong,  whe- 
t!ier  dyed  at  Haerlem  or  at  Lesden  ;  if  the 
knives  be  not  rufty,  if  the  bafons,  kettles, 
and  other  utenfiis,  of  brafs  or  pewter,  are 
A  a  a  a  not 


>i  .0 


'.i  -i 


■     'll'Jr;  i 


t     .1 


i 


m 


The 


liJ^ 


i74 


A  Dcfcription  of  the 


Book  \\l 


W' 


m 


\: 


^•!; 


III 


IM 


Frirn  iiH' 


Uttti  fit 
Ml  titnti. 


Barhot  not  cnck'il  or  otherwilc  faulty,  or  llrong 
^^V^^  enouj^li  a:  thi;  bottom.  They  nieafiirc  iron 
bars  with  the  Cole  of  the  foot  •,  they  till 
over  the  ftrings  of  contccarlie,  talle  ami 
prove  brandy,  rum,  or  other  liquors,  anJ 
will  prcfenily  ililcoviT  whether  it  is  not  a- 
iluhcraKIl  with  trefh  or  fait  water,  or  any 
other  mixture  v  iiml  in  point  of  Fnnch 
branily,  will  prefer  the  brown  colour  in 
it.  In  fliort,  tliey  examine  every  thing 
with  as  murh  prudence  and  ability  as  an 
European  trader  can  do. 

All  the  before-nientiontil  forts  of  h.uro- 
pian  [iood.s  yield  here  a  priic,  liij;lier  or 
lower,  accoriiing  to  the  brilkiiet'-  or  dul- 
ncfs  of  trade,  wliich  is  nioie  or  lefs  pro- 
portion.ible  to  the  qu.\ntity  tiiey  know  is 
at.itinn  on  tlic  coalf,  eitlur  in  the  lort^ 
and  tadork<^,  ur  abo.irii  lliips  in  the  roads; 
or  according  as  tiny  are  at  jKacc  or  war 
aniongd  th'Mifelvcs,  up  the  inl.md  coun- 
trie--,  .IS  ,illb  anfwer.ibic  to  the  winter  and 
liimiiur  feafoiis.  .So  th.it  I  c.mnot  l!iy  .iiiy 
thin;;  preiif.ly  of  tiii'  price  of  each  indivi- 
lUial  commodity. 

The  DhuJj  j^;eneral,  at  Mina,  fetsa  price 
curniu  on  .dl  the  Didch  goods,  of  which 
he  finds  copies  to  all  his  oflici  rs,  of  the 
oiit-lbits  and  f.idories  of  his  dependence 
on  the  coall,  to  liilperlc  it  .dl  about  the 
inlaml  peo[)le  in  tiieir  level  d  dilhich  ;  .mil 
t(>r  ought  I  know,  the  l''.r\^.ij/.>  cio  the  l.iine 
in  their  fcveral  fettlements. 

Tiie  goods  fold  by  the  Eniliflj,  Duich, 
itll  'W^D,;,.vJ,  linirA-nbmxLhrs,  &c.  ;ilhore  out  of 
tlieir  fettlements,  arc  generally  about  i" 
/iT  CV ,/.  dearer  to  the  l>:,iil:s,  than  wiiat 
tliey  get  .dio.irtl  fliip^  in  the  roads  ;  the 
I'uper-cargoes  of  tiie  (hips  commonly  fill 
ing  low,  to  get  the  more  ciillomers,  and 
make  a  quicker  voyage :  for  whicli  ret- 
fon,  the  lorts  have  very  little  tiade  with 
the  !t!,jAs  during  tlie  fiimni!  r  fcafon,  wliich 
lilN  the  coall  with  goods  by  tlie  grcit  t  nn- 
(ourfe  of  fliips  at  tiiat  time  Irom  Icvc  ral 
ports  of  Eiircf,'  ;  anil  as  tlu;  winter  leafon 
approaches,  moft  of  them  vvitiidraw  from 
tlie  coall,  and  lb  leave  elbow-room  to  tlie 
tort  fadtors,  to  tr.ide  in  their  turn,  at  .i 
greater  rate,  during  th.it  bad  feafon. 

Ii  the  year  1682,  tlie  gold  trade  yield- 
ed hardly  4.5  jer  cent,  to  our  1-rencb  fliips, 
tkar  of  all  charges,  but  that  might  be  im- 
puted to  the  great  number  oi  trading  fliips 
offeveral  European  nations,  which  hapi)ened 
to  be  at  that  time  on  the  coall  ;  where- 
of I  counted  forty  two  in  lefs  than  a  month's 
time:  had  the  number  htcn  but  half  as 
great,  that  trade  woukl  have  cleared  60 
per  Cent,  or  more  •,  and  if  a  cargo  were 
properly  compofed,  it  might  well  clear  70 
per  Cent,  in  a  fmall  fliip,  failing  with 
little    charge,    and    the    voy.igc  direftly 


'••itctU'feri 


home  from  this  coall,  not  to  exceed  fcven 
or  eight  months,  out  iind  home,  if  well 
managed. 

Vft  maile  e/  E  f  r  o  r  e  a  n  (»  o  o  d  ». 
¥  -Shall  here  mention,  as  briefly  as  pod'i- 
ble,  wli.it  life  the  lilach  make  in  gene 
ral  of  the   Eiiio!,\ui  goods  they  buy  at  the 
coalt. 

•  broad  linen  fcrves  to  adorn  tiieni- 
■s,    and    their    de.id  men's    tepuL  hers 
.liin  i  iluy  .illo  lU.dNe  I  louts  thereof    Tin 
narrow    cloth  to    prcfs    p.dm  oil  ;  in  uV\ 
flierts,  tluy   w'.ip  ihimlcbts  at  night  Irom 
head  to  loot.      The  lopp.i  b.iloiis  10  walli 
.ind  fli.ive,  the  i^intcl  pins  lenc  in  lit-u  oi 
butchers   tubs,    wliin    they    kill  hogs    or 
Iheep  •,    Irom    the     iron    b.irs    the    fmiilis 
foigc  ((lit  ,ill  tliiir  weapons,  and  loiiiitry 
.ind     litulhoKi   tools,     and    utenfils.      Of 
lii/e,    and  pirpctuaiias,  they   m.ike  girts, 
lour  lingers  bro.id,  to    we.ii    about   their 
w.iill,     .ind    h.ing     their    fwoid,    il.iggcr, 
knile,  and  purle  ol  money  or  gold  ;  which 
purle    they  commonly  thrull  between  the 
girdle  ;  nd  their  body.    They  bie.ik  t'ona 
coral  into  four  or  five  p.irts,  which  after- 
w.irds  they  mould  into  any  lorm,  on  whet- 
llones,    and    make    llrings    or    necklaces, 
which  yield  a  lonfider.ible  profit.     Of  four 
or  live  ells  ot'  Eiiy^lijh   and  Eey,h-n  lerges, 
they  111. ike  a  kind  of  cloak   to  wrap  about 
their   flioukkrs  and   flomach,  as  has  been 
obterved  before.     Of  cliints,  perpetuaii.is, 
jirintui  callicoes,  tapfeils  and  nieanees,  are 
made  i  louts  to  wear  round  their  middles. 
The  wroii^'Jit    pewter,    as  difhes,    balnns, 
porringers,  ij^r.    lervc  to   eat  their  \idtua'j 
out  ot.     Mulkets,   lirelocl<s,   and  (ii'.l.ices, 
th(  y  ufe  in  w.ir.     Brandy  is  moll  common- 
ly   Ipent    at   their    fcalis.     Kn:\es    to  the 
l.imc    purixifes    as    we  ufe    liicni.      With 
tallow  they  anoint  their  Innlies  from  he.ul  to 
to-,  and  even  uk  it  to  fliave  their  bcirds, 
inllead    of    Ibap.     1- iHiing-litx)ks    for   the 
fame  ufe  as  with  us.     I'fi.ic.'  bugles,  gl.ils 
beads,  and  coiii.u.irbe,  lervc  all  ages  atid 
fexcs,  to  adorn  their  lie.ids,  necks,  .11 111s, 
and  legs,  very  cxtr.ivagantly,  being  m.ide 
into  llrings,    ,is  has  bem  obferved  :    and 
firlaparilla  is  uled  by  fucli  as  are  inferted 
with   the  venere.d  dileafe.    Ernhh,   M-.dcra 
and  G(«/irv  wine,  are  little  uled  by  the  na- 
tives, but  commonly  bought  by  the  Euro- 
icain  refiding  there. 

D  u  T  I  E  s  laid  for  Goods. 
A  1. 1-  the  goods  the  HIncks  buy  of  us,  arc^^  ,r^ 
■^  liable    to   cert.iin   duties  or  taxes.   a-f„;. 
mounting  to  about   3  fer  Cei'l.  paid  to  the 
proper  officers,  the  kings  ot'  the  land  have 
at    eacli   port-town  ;    and  even  Hih,    it  ic 
exceeds    a  certain   quantity,   pays  oii'-  in 

live. 


km 


BooKlILi  Chap.  21.        Coafts  o/South-Guinea. 


27C 


ci'Cil  fcvcn 
e,  if  welt 

ioOD  f. 

y  iis  pofll- 
ic  ill  gene 
Lilly  at  tlic 

lorn  tlu-m- 
)i-pi;L  hers 
ni'ot.     I'lu 
ill  '.  ii)  iiKl 
{\\f^\\\.  Irijin 
ii»  HI  walli 
•  in  lieu  »il 
II   liop    ot 
lUi;    linillis 
ni.1  vouiiiry 
iniils.     Ut 
in.ikf  y.irts, 
.ilwut   their 
il,    li.iggcr, 

;oUl  i  \viiul\ 
:ii'twtMi  the 
bi'iwk  /V»/ii'? 
which  iittiT- 
,1,  on  wlut- 
ntck  laces, 
it.    Of  tour 
,'yJcn  lcrii;rt, 
wrap  .iliout 
.IS  li.is  btcn 
pcrpctu.aii.i'i, 
ionecs,  an; 
leir  nVniiilcs. 
liis,    li.ilims 
heir  viitu.ilj 
ml  lU'.l.ices, 
)ll  Loininon- 
v.scs    to  the 
,111.      \Vit!i 
rnni  hi'.ul  to 
,hcir  li.Mrtis, 
ks    I'l.r  the 
jiughs,  gkils 
ii!l  .tgi^  .ini.1 
ecks,  ,11  ms, 
hcing  ni.idc 
lived  :     .inil 
are  intecleil 
,   M.klerd 
\  by  liic  na- 
|y  the  Euro- 


10  u  s. 

ly  of  US  -.irco,,  , 

\\-    t.lNCS,     W-cii- 

j),.i(i  to  the 
|u  lind  liave 

11  lirti,  if  it 
l),iys  Oil'-  in 
'  Inc. 


liiiint*'*- 


i.nnl 


five.     Thffe  iluticj  are  paid  cither  iti  kind        It  is  ,\  cuftom  from  time  out  of  mine!, n.>"'i"r. 

or  v.iliie.  amongil    them,    for    the  gre.itell    p.irt  ot^^VNJ 

Up  ihc  inl.iml,  they  pay   no  duty  ftir    the  inhabitants  of  a  town,    or  vill.igc,  to 

rivi  r-lifti.  I>iit  are  liable  to  a  c.tpiiation  of    meet  together  every  evening,  at  the  mar- 

one  (lulling  /r-r  head  for  the  liberty  ofpaf-    ketpl.ue,  there  to  dance   and  be   merry, 

for  an  hour  or  two,  before  tlicy  lie  down 
to  lleep.  Tlic  women  ni.ike  the  full  ap« 
pe.irance,  drelVed  in  their  bell  girb  ;  ha- 
ving alniivlance  of  tinkling  I'iiliII  bells, 
lied  about  their  legs:  anil  after  them  the 
men,  in  the  befl  equipage  they  cm  con 
trive  i  c.ich  carrying  in  his  h.uul  an  elc- 
I'h.ini's  t.iil,  gilt  at  tlie  end.  The  mufi-  ^tenhigi 
The  collt(flors    nccount  quarterly  with    li.mslland  by,  at  one  corner  of  the  pKice,";,'""^"' 

their  kin;',s,  and  deliver  up  what  each  has    Ionic  with  brals  baliins,  others  wiilidnimsi..'.  " 

of  two  or   three  ililferent  foiis  iii 


fiiiir  tlown  to  the  fea-ftiore,  cither  to  traf- 
}i^k  or  atienil  the  markets  with  their  pro- 
vilions,  or  other  forts  of  the  produd  of 
the  Unil,  and  pay  nothing  at  their  return 
hoine,  goods  or  no  goods,  iinlels  they 
th.ince  to  le.ive  their  arms  in  a  vill.ige  -, 
then  the  perfon  fo  doing,  is  to  p.iy  one 
Hulling. 


received  in  gold  at  his  refu.iUive  poll  } 
but  the  lifih  p.irt  of  the  tilh  th'y  colltdl 
i>  frnt  to  the  kin;;  as  they  li.ive  it,  and 
I'ervis  to  teed  his  finiily. 

No  flflurniin  is  .ilimved  to  ililpole  ol 
the  lirll  filli  he  h.is  cauglit,  till  the  duty 
is  p.iid,  but  aiv  free  to  do  it  aboard  lliips  ; 
which  p'rhaps  m.iy  be  one  rcalon  why  fo 
ni.mv  of  tiiem  ilaily  lell  fuch  (iiiantities  of 
thir  lilh  to  the  lea-firing  ineii,  tor  Ic- 
vir.il  tcys,  ashasbcin  oblirved. 

Ci o  o  1)  riding  at  th:  Coast. 
ANY  fort  of    Ihips  may  lately   ride  at 

-'*■  all  times  of  the  year,  befiue  \\\cC,dd  much  the  molt  .igiveablc  found  of  any  they 

Coiui  ;  there  being  very  good  anchorage,  have.     To   thefe  arc    adjoined   the   horn- 

from  one  end  to  the  other,  e.NCept  at  .A/vi,  blowers,  or  trumpeters. 

where   the  ground  is  rocky,    as  his  been  All    tiiefe    inllri'ments    niikc     a  loud, 

nv.nlioned   luretofore'.   but  in  the  months  llrangc    harmony,   'ogether    with  the  ex- 

ot  -A'X"^^  -'"d  .'<,'// Wi/vr,   the  fierce  torn.i-  travagaiu  vocal  ii.  Ii.  i.uis  ,  and    the  i;\eii 

I'.ojs  iilow    lionibly   from  the  fa,  on    the  and  women  who  are  to  coiiipole  the  dame, 

i.iml,    and  unit  Is  a  vefHl  be  well  fmir<'d  divide  themlilves  into  e(]u.d  numh.Ts  and 

with   fever.il    go')!    cables    anil    anchors,  couples,  oppofite  to  caLh  other  •,  and  foiiii- 


aiiil  tones, 

on  which  till  ycoiniuoiily  fitallride  ;  others 
have  wood,  n  fii.ipptr  ,  our  boys  ufe  tlum 
in  imitation  ot  c.iHanets,  aiidOtlieis  with 
reeds,  llutes,  and  ll.igel  ,  others  wiih  a 
hand  Hat  drum,  made  up  with  lin.ill  belt* 
tounl  It  •,  and  others  with  their  gittem, 
the  bell  inlhunient  they  have;  w.iiih  is, 
a  hollow  piece  of  wool  of  two  hin.lfuls 
long,  and  one  in  breadth,  from  the  hiii- 
lier  part  ot  this  a  Hick  comes  .iirofs  to  the 
fore-part,  and  upon  the  inlliument  are  fix 
extendeil  things  ;  fo  that  it  b^ars  lome  fort 
of  relemblance  to  a  fnall  harp,  and  .ilVorda 


may  loi'ce  it  .dliore,  as  we  heard  of  one 
fo  (.ill  away  at  Tthkurnry,  and  another 
;,t  Commendn,  in  the  ytar  if'79.  and  I  was 
like  to  h.ive  had  the  fame  fate  in  my 
vail'.t,  belore  liiHtiiiui,  in  the  year  i()S.', 
i'ly  a  teiiipilluous  loutlicrly  wind,  in  the 
mivldle  ot  the  ni,i;lir,  tho'  but  in  the 
month  of  .//7/7,  when  1  made  a  coalliiig 
V()v.'i',e  Ironi  /Ar.;,  where  I  Kit  the  mm 
ot  war   I   was  i 


ing  a  general  dance,    meet  and  fill  b.ick 
again,   le.iping,  beating  iht  ir  feet  hard  on 
the  grouiul,    bowing   ih -ir   h'.'ads   to  each 
other,  and  Iniiipin.;  their  liiii^ers,  nuitier- 
iiig  fome  wor.ls  at  times,  aiKl  ilun  focak- 
ing  loud  V  then  whilpeiingin  each  other's 
ears,   moving  now  \ery   fiowly,    aiid   then 
very  fill  ;  men  and  wo  iien  running  againll 
c.icli  other,  breall  to  breall,  and  knocking 
to  fome  leagues  ,\bove    In  Hies   together  very  iiuuceiitly  •,  cl  iiipingtcn./ nf 
their  hamis    logetlur,    throwing   their  ele-'"""' 
phant's  till  at  one  .uioiher,  or  toiling   it 
about  till  ir    llioulders,    .and  uitering  fome 
diity  mylKriou;  words. 

I'lie  women  throw  a  little  hoop  on  the 


ape  Si.  ylfoloiiui,  at  the  upper  loall. 

Mj  itu v-M.\KiNf;  ijii.!  Dancinc. 

being,  .IS 


\\  N  and    vomm   there   being,  .is  I 
have  belore   oblerved  in  their  i  harac- 


M 

ter,    inclined    to    fing   till    they  die,    and    ground,    dance  round   it,  then  take  it  up 


(lance  into  the  grave  1  they  fcarce  mifs  one 
(lav  in  their  lives  without  fome  fports  and 
darning,  efpecially  the  female  lex  are  moft 
I'aniiularly  eager  for  it;  inlonuich  that  if 
ainidll  their  h.irdell  toils  and  work  at 
home  or  abroad,  they  do  but  hear  any 
one  fing,  or  play  on  their  mufical  indni-  mufick.  This  fort  of  dance,  is  much  like 
lU' nts,  they  will  fall  a  dancing:  which  that  we  call  in  Frana;  La  itaiifi  ties  filloiix, 
gives  me  an  op)K)rtunity  to  enter  on  the  When  they  have  thus  fpent  about  an  hour 
liibjciil  of  tiieir  dances  and  pallinies.  and  a  half,  or  two  jiuur.,,  in  that  exercife, 

they 


again  with  their  foot  ;  others  lofs  uji,  as 
high  as  they  can,  a  liiiall  bundle  of  linen 
bound  up  hard  together,  and  cateh  it  ag.iin 
as  it  tails  i  others  recite  aloud,  certain  im- 
modell  verfes,  to  which  the  other  dancers5;„^i«jr. 
anfvver  much  in  the  nature  of  a  choir  of 


>(' 


p 

lilHI 

il 

81*, 

Mi  t, 

1 

1 

lini 

u 

m 

n 

■a   H 


.T»''-c 


■if,     I..; 


■■   il    i« 


'H^ 


m'. 


r 


li:':.;'  ■ 


§-■1 


Hi 


ipiri 


n6 


ji  DefcriptioH  of  the 


Book  III.  I  c,,^,, 


BAiuwir  thfv  retire  to  their  refpcftive  IcxIuinRi  to 
4/W  red 


Their  ilanccs  wry  according  to  time», 
ofcurrtniej,  ami  }'l ii"e«,  which  would  be 
too  tedious  to  p.irtitul.irife  :  fomr  ot  theli: 
d.incci  beinj/,  iii  honour  of  tlieir  deities,  arc 
more  I'lrioiis ;  othirs.irc  by  partiiuLir  ap- 
pointment ot  the  kings;  ,is  torinltince,  .it 
ylhrainl'ot,  .1  l.ir^r  town  in  l\tii,  eviry  year, 
tor  ei^ht  days  together,  there  is  a  refort  from 
all  parts  ot  the  (ountry,  ot  multitudes  ot° 
people  ot'  both  lexcsi  i  and  this,  they  tall 
the  D.iitcinx-Jt''il'»i  •  where  every  t)nc  that 
I  omes,  is  drefll'il  to  the  n\oit  ot  ins  ability 
and  condition, 


FiAsT  m/id- hy  ihc  Damsh  (iENr.iAi.. 
T  T  will  not  be  unacceptable  in  this  place 
to  ^iv.'  a  lliort  account  ot  an  enieitain- 
ment  the  D.inij''  gentMl  made  tor  me  in 
his  garditi  behind  hWMriiki-l'itr^h,  at  Man- 
ftoii,  in  the  month  ot  JitiiKary.  Attir  a 
IpKndidilinner,  in  the  fort,  wewalkVUIown 
the  hill  to  that  garden  ;  win  re  liic  company 
was  tcaric  lealed,  in  ih  ■  fummer-liDule, 
ihiiKliii^',  in  the  luidll  tit  oran^^e -trees,  bctbre 
^ve  were  liirroundcd  by  about  an  huiulreil 
Blackt,  arm'd  troin  head  to  toot,  in  the 
■'V  moft  compleai  manner  they  ule  to  be  when 

they  take  the  tield,  but  fo  tantatlically 
adorned,  with  caps  on  their  heads  made  of 
a  crocodile's,  or  elephant's  fkin,  having  on 
each  fiJe  a  red  lliell,  and  behind  a  bum  h  (jf 
horfe-hair,  and  a  heavy  iron  cliain,  or  Ibme- 
thing  elfe  inllead  of  it,  girt  round  their 
iiead,  .1  their  botlies  coloured  white  1  that 
really,  they  rather  rclemblcd  ilevils  than 
men.  At  tirft  they  made  a  horrid  confuled 
nolle,  beatinj;  upon  one  another's  Ihields, 
firing  iheir  mulkets  at  one  .mother,  and 
b()\\ing  to  ihe  groun.i. 

'I'his  Ibrt  ot  llsirmilh    being  over,  they 
withdrew  to  I'ome  dillance  ;  at  which  time 
we  were  entertained  with  a  great  conlbrt  ot" 
their  vocal  and  intlrumental  wild  mufick  ; 
much  in  the  manner,  as  I  have  {\{:(i.  ribed  it 
before;  iluring  which,  the  general's  concu- 
bine^, and  thole  of  the  other  DaniJI'  g<  ntle- 
men  of  the  fort,  attended  by  the  bell  Ibrt 
of  the  town's-womcn,  came  to  vifit  us  in 
their  utmoft  gay  and  rich  dretres.    Imme- 
diately   they  were  prclented  with    hrtncb 
and  palm-wine ;  mum,  brandy,  and  fweef 
oranges:  and  during  the  collation,  the  armed 
Mfcipght.  Btacki  began  to  wreftle,  and  make  a  tham 
fightamong  themfelves,feveralofthem  inter- 
mixing it  with  dances  by  intervals,  flriking 
by  meafure  and  cadence,  with  their  cutlaccs, 
on  their  bucklers,  much  as  the  adlors  do 
at  the  oj5era   of  Mars,   at  Paris ;    whilft 
others,  in  couples,   were  continually  firing 
their  mufkets  towards  the  ground,  leaping, 
and  putting  their  bodies  into  fuch  ridicu- 
lous (trange  poltures,  as  if  they  had  been 
pofllflcd. 


,  •".'(■(  • 


After  them,  the  Black  ladiei  took  then  n*,,,,^ 
turn,  and  Ibowcd  all  their  Ikill  and  (Kxtr 
rity    by  many    torts  of  il.mces,    amon[;it 
themfelvei,   pretty   agreeably.       All    this 
while   the  fort,    at    certain    intervals,  an- 
fwered  the   many   volleys  of    the  combt 
tants  111  the  garden,  by   tiring  five  guns  at 
a  time,  and  coiuiiuied    to  to  do,   till  it  be 
^M\  to  lie  ilulkilh,  which  obliged  the  coin- 
p.iny  to  return   to   the  tort  \  bi  ing  recoii 
ducted  by  all  the  anred  men,  who,  whilll  we 
were  on   the  way,    m.iiched    .til  round   at 
tin    tootot  the  lull,  ami  altcrwards divided 
themli  Ives  into  two  IkkIics,    e.lch  with  \u 
commaiidei's  ilrums,  horns,  .uut  the /),;« yi 
colours,  oppofue  to   one  anotlier,  in  order 
ot  battle.     No  iixinci  wiic  we  placed  iMihe'<«' 
long  gallery  ot  ilie   Ion,    Iron)  wlunte  \\\.' 
(oiiM  h.ive  a  lull  view  of  ihein,  but  eai.l\ 
body  bigan  to  move  towards  the  other,  and 
Ikirmillied  together  Willi  tire-arms,  without 
any  order-,    .liter  wiiieh,  eai  li  man  taking 
his  iavelin  in  on  ■  h.ind,  ,uul  his  buil.kr  m 
the  other,  m.ide   i  thow  ot  i.illing  ii  .it  \\\\ 
oppoliti'.     Atlall,  t|n_y  Ull  in  together  ton- 
tuledly,  with  their  luil.ius,  linking  liarj 
on  their  IliieKI.,    till   il  being  d.ii  k  nighr, 
they  lett  otVv  one  body  attending  their  of. 
fill  rs  home,  to  the  tcnvn  ot    Manfrou,  the 
other  guarding  the  Diinijh  ILmdard  to  the 
tort,  wliere  the  general  treated  them  with 
French  wine,  and  braiuly.      This  te.dl   coll 
the   general    five  liciulai  ol  gold,    or  forty 
jxjunds  llerling. 

Maimer  cf  tahrg  an  Oath. 

T  1  lave  already  hinteil  lomething  concern 
ing  the  manner  of  .ulminithing  an  o.uh 
to  the  lihuki  at  /hum  ;  .uid  more  particu- 
larly, that  ot  taking  an  oath  to  the /Jwr./i 
otiicers  there  :  I  lliall  now  m.ike  foinefir- 
ther  obfervations  on  the  lame  fuhject,  as 
it  is  pradifttl  in  I'ltti,  eiiliei  toward.s  Lim- 
jemis,  or  among  themlilve>,  in  things  of 
moment. 

Upon  fuch  oicaliuns  the  priell  or  ion 
jurer  creels  .1  pile  ot  linall  tlicks,  in  the 
form  of  an  alt.ir,  on  whiJi  he  l.iys  a  can- 
vas bag,  tprinkled  with  liiim.m  blooii,  con- 
taining fome  dry  boius  ol  men;  to  which 
he  adds  fmall  pieces  ot  bread,  and  a  cala- 
Lafh  or  gourd  full  of  the  bitter  watir  or 
drink,  fo  much  uled  among  them  in  reli- 
gious ceremonies,  all  which  the  priell  cxor- 
cifes,  anil  caul'es  the  perfon  to  whom  the 
oath  is  adminiller'd  to  fwear  on  it,  by 
Ojliirc,  the  name  of  thi  ir  chiet  deity.  To 
which  he  adds  an  exhortation,  tor  the  in- 
violably obferving  ot  the  fiitl  oath  in  all 
points,  with  a  terrible  denunciation  of  a  moll 
horrible  punithment  in  cate  of  perjury  ;  and 
if  the  perlbii  takes  an  oath  to  the  £«^////. ,  or 
other  Europeans  there,  he  is  made  to  Iwe.ir 
on  the  bible. 

They 


Book  HI.  I  Q^^/^Y,  22.         Co^Jls  of  Sour  h-G  u  i  n  e  a. 


took  tluirn4iioi{ 
.inil  ilixif 
;,    ,iin(>n|;il 
All    (hi. 
tcrv.ih,  .u\' 
,l»c  tonihi 
ivc  j;uns  .it 
>,  nil  it  be 
I'll  ihc  coin- 
i  iim  rctoM- 
.(),  wiiilll  wo 
,11  roiiiKl   .u 
.ii\UilivicU\l 

nil    \vit!»    Ki 
il  till-  D.llijh 

rr,  in  orvlcr 
il.KxJ  in  iIk-  -<«"■' 

II,  liiit  c.kIi 
10  oiIkt,  ;iih1 
Ills  Wllliuiit 
m.iti  t.il\iii[; 
I  Inal.lir  III 
lii)^  it  .It  Ins 
ojictlier  ton- 
Irikiiit;  li.irvl 
il.uk  nigli;, 
ing  tlioir  ii;- 
Miinfroif,  tiio 
.nil.iril  to  tlie 
J  thin^  with 
his  load  coll 
)kl,    or  I'orty 


ATH. 

nj;  ronccnv 

iiig  .m  o.ith 

lore  ii.inici:- 

0  the  Ih'Jj 
n-  I'ome  i'.it- 

tubji'Ct,  a.s 
)w.iii!s  Litio- 
ill  things  oi 

:  I't  or  ion- 
ks,  in  the 
l.iys  .1  t.in- 

bloOli,    LOll- 

1  i  to  which 

;inil  A  C.lii- 

tcr  water  or 
licin  in  reli- 
pricll  txoi  - 
whom  tin: 
|i-  on  it,    hy 
ilcity.     To 
for  the  in- 
il oath  in  .ill 
ion  ot  a  moll 
crjury  i  and 
[e  Eiixlij'- ,  or 
,ilc  to  Iwu.ir 


They  commonly  proftrite  themftlvei  be- 
fore them,  embrace  their  feet,  anii  lifting 
one  o»  them  from  the  groumi,  rub  the  lole 
„t"  It  on  their  iiwn  lares,  ftoin.irh'i  ami 
Ihouhlers,  uttering louilly  thiifyllable,  <m(, 
f,i,v,  i<ni  ■>  Inapping  their  finders,  llampinj', 
^ul,  their  leci  on  the  earth,  ami  kilTini^thc 
iiloli  on  their  arnn  ami  le(j;s;  others  aJil, 
ti(  all  tliele  f'.mtidical  cereiTionics,  the 
ilringht  ol  bitt;  r  water.  Some  ot"  the  moll 
civili/M  .It  taking  in  oith  to  a  li^'hilif  man, 
will  .ihii  erol'.  their  two  fore-fingers,  ami 
larryin^  them  to  ihcir  month,  kilN  them, 
laying  w  I'o'luxuiy,  Por  f/la  cmt  iln  Dto>, 
which  IS  flj  tbti  i>i>.  i  »!  G'hI. 


in 

I  hive  before  obfervrd,  that  thefe  people,  nAKnor- 
before  the  Pnriugutft  came  among  them,  ^^V^^ 
were  reckoned  very  confcientious,anJ  true  to 
their  oaths  ibiit  whether  by  the  (requent  inter, 
eourl'c  with  A'«' «/>(•(;)/ n.itionsfincc  tli.it  time, 
or  whatever  the  occal'ion  of  logre.it  .i  change 
may   be,  at  prefent  they  are  entirely  ilegc- 
nerateil :    loi  tlio'  they  will  now  t.ikc  the 
moft  llicred  oath,  eitlu  r  in   their  own,  or 
our  w.iy,  they  arc  very  little  to  be  triilleil, 
efpccially  l)y  iiiirnp.-.tiu,  aslitile  valuing  per 
liiry,   provided  tin  y  tin  be  gainers  liv  it,  or 
l.iiisty  their  paflions.     But  ol  this,  and  other 
I'ar'itiil.irs  relating  to  oaths  and  pc-rjury,  I 
Ih.dl  have  octal'ion  to  Ip.ak  liereatter. 


CHAP.     XXII. 
*Difiafes  /»  Guinea,  and  their  cans.     Super/fit  ions  and  finiera/s. 


They 


III  AVI',  bi  tore  olilervivl,  that  how  iin- 
wholelciine  liicver  this  country  is,  yer  we 
•f  but  tew  of  the  natives  afflicted  with 
ihllempers  which  is  one  ailvantage  of  being 
h(irn  in  l\w  bad  air,  anvl  breil  up  in  llencli  \ 
..nil  whoii  lingering  under  lome  dillemiier, 
,[  mull  really  be  inori.il,  to  hinder  lliein, 
cither  from  tlieir  buOiieh,  or  taking  their 
iirmllports  an  1  iliverlions  -,  ,is  liiviii^';  al- 
w.ivs  at  hand  ,i  threat  diverfityot  ni'duinat 
herbs,  and  proper  lenudies  to  eale  ,ind 
cure  It  in  .i  lliort  tiine,  according  to  the 
Ikill  they  have,  as  will  be  ni.ide  appear  in 
this  chapter. 

DisEAsi:s  ill  CiiiNF.A  aiul  their  Ci'ues. 

T\  I  F.  dilleinp.rs  ol   the  fl/,i((j,  are  the 
vencn.ildilMle,  megrim  or  head  aches 
hloody-fluxes,    levers,    whiili  they  call   ./- 
uroh>-ii,  cholick<,  p.iinsin  the  lloniach  ;  the 
UiKill-pox,  vs'hith  makes  the  greatell  havock 
aiiong  tliem,  ,i,  docs  alio  that  Ihange  dil- 
tale  of  tl.e  woinis. 
,,       As  for  the  Veil-real  liil'e  lie,  which  among 
Wiheiu  is  a  m\x  <^.ill.intry,  every  man  being 
'    ixtr.iv.igantly   addic'lid    to  .i  multitude  ot 
women    of   all  lorts,    found  or  unlounil  -, 
ihcy  commonly  cure   it    with  Siiriiip.in;l,t, 
foil'd  in  brandy,  ufing  it  hy  draughts    till 
the  p.ith.-nt  is  rec  overcd  found.     This  SaijU- 
p.in'.'.a  is  brought  them  hy  the  Dutch. 

In  their  hciul  aches  they  apply  to  the 
fueol  iliepitienr,  apulticeot  fundry  herbs, 
whole  virtue  is  peculiaily  known  to  that 
ctiect  i  whi(  h  c.\ufes  fmall  tumours  and 
pimples',  which  thiy  fcarify  with  (liarp- 
pointetl  knives,  if  they  do  not  break  of 
iheinlelvcs:  then  they  l.iy  on  it  a  certain 
white  inould,  to  dry  and  confolidate  it, 
but  it  leaves  behind  the  fmall  fears,  of  which 
the  faces  of  many  jierlbiis  of  both  fexes  are 
very  full  ;  which  inclines  me  to  believe  that 
their  head-.iches  and  megrim  are  very  com- 
mon and  general. 
Vol..  V. 


\iii. 


The  c:iolii.k  and  bloody-flux  is  not  {'oc.UUtk 
rommon  among  the  natives,  ,is  the  /•./,< a- •oJ  r«'». 
ie,i»i;  many  ot  ••  hom  are  In.itched  a>vay 
before  they  can  be  n.iturali/.M  to  that  un- 
wholelome  air  i  who  generally,  before  they 
die  grow  lo  hciiuniDed  in  their  limlis,  aiul 
lo  le.in,  th.it  they  are  Irightlul  to  b  hold. 
The  li.iUk',  in  c.ifc  fl  a  violent  iholick, 
drink  morning  ,ind  evening,  for  l(;ver.il 
days  fucceirnely,  a  large  calahalli  of  lime- 
juice,  and  A/<»/i/?«i7/(' mixt,  whiihleeiiis.il 
tirlb  to  be  contradirtory  for  fucli  diflem- 
pers,  were  it  not  known,  that  o'ar  pliyfi- 
ci.uv.  in  /■' iD/ic  give  Limii.uUtoT  gr.ivelloiis 
cholieks. 

'I'he  Etofipfdu  ri  nr  dies  i'zainll  cliolirks 
there,  .ire  to  ket  p  w.iriii,  not  to  lie  down  to 
nee|)  on  the  ground',  to  .ivoid  the  dew  of 
the  eveniiV-S  and  the  rain  ;  iint  to  life  fpring- 
water,  nor  lemon-iuice,  nor  any  other  acids: 
which  refutes  the  too  common  ule  ot  puni  h, 
fomuvh  in  vogue  .imoiiglt  the  i'.ii^^'ijh  Ciiii- 
iiraih  ;  and  which  undoubtedly  kills  many 
of  them,   by  caufing  violent  iliolicks. 

Pains  ill  the  llomach  are  cured  by  taking  Pj/h  in '*» 
four  or  live  drops  of  ballam  of  fulphur,  ix\fl'>'»*<^, 
.a  little  quantity    of  brandy  -,   which  if  the""    ""'' 
patient  be  well  covered,    alter  the  dofe  is 
t.iken,  will  laui'e  fwcating.     The  day  alter 
this,  to  he  let  blood  •,  and  two  days  after, 
a  gi'iitle  purge. 

Another  remedy,  is  to  take  every  morn- 
ing, a  little  of  confedion  of  hyacinth,  and 
alkermesi.  and  from  time'  to  t:me,  good 
cordials,  avoiding  carefully  any  excels  in 
wine  or  brandy. 

I  cannot  omit,  being  on  this  fubjeifb,  to  Methd  it 
mention  how  I  ufed  to  live  whilft  I  was  at  J"/f,^' 
the  coall  of  Guinea,  and  during  the  whole 
voy.ige  i  to  which  I  very  much  attribute 
the  pcrfcifl  health  I  enjoyM,  without  almoft 
any  ailing.  I-  wore  continually,  day  and 
night,  a  harc's-fkin,  well  drdtled,  on  my 
bare  ftomach,  the  hair  next  my  body  ;  which 
B  b  b  b  kept 


htntth. 


.  ^ 


:  "•  h>i'i 


tr 


Ill 


Si;-!-!'!'; 


&'■ 


i'    :  I 


m  r 


'iiili^^^     '' 


■'-  :)» 


Z78 


y^  Defcriptitm  of  the 


Book  Hj 


BARHoT.kcpt  it  always  in  gooil  order  and  adtivity  j 
^'^'V^^  ilio'  I  inuil  own  it  made  me  often  i'weat  won- 
derfully,   in  the  fcorching  air  of  the  torrid 
'/one,  but  hcli)'tl    digeiUon  admirably.     I 
obl'erved  very  cxaftly,    not  to  drink  wine 
or    brandy   in  the  morning,    as   molt  fc.i- 
firinj';  incn  ot  .dl  n;irions  do  ;  which  is  very 
oflknfive  toan  em])ty  ftomarh,  afffding  the 
tender  parts  of  ir,  by  its  corrofiveiiciii,  en- 
feebling nrui  uc'.iktning  its  ficultics  by  de- 
grees, anil  confequt-nily  renders    it  uncapa- 
He    of  dit^cilion,    akho'  it  fcenis,    at  the 
moment  it  is  taken,  tollr^ngthen  it:  there- 
fore I  always  cook  feme  noiirilliment  before 
I  would  life  it ;    and  a  quarter  of  an  hour 
alter,  tool,  the  dram,  neither  would  I  diink 
any  llron;j;  liquor,  till  a  quarter  of  an  hour 
alter  meals;    nuich    more    did   I    lliun  to 
ilrink  h.ird,  ol  any  torrupccil  liiniors  ot  hn- 
t'ljr,  and  ol  the  Gtimcu  beer,  called  l\-;d-.v  \ 
all  which  fo  mu^h  abounds  in  the  E'lrcpcm: 
furciat  the  Gvi.l  Coiiji.     By  this  metiiod  my 
(lomach  was  all  along  kept  in  good  oriler, 
and  digcllion  to  admir.ition,  notwithfi.uid- 
la^   the    exrcdive  heats,    which   .ii.itur.'.lly 
weaken  its  (acuities. 
Curt  for         Again,  for  the  eholick,   befules  what   is 
■''■"^'■"''"■^•above-nuiiiioned  for  pains  in  the  lloniarh, 
take  about  half  the  weight  of  a  louis-d'or, 
of  right  orvietan,  in  four  or  five  drops  of 
;innifeed  oil ;    and    u(e    repeated   glitters, 
compofed  of  the  decodion  of  common  ami 
marlh-niallows,   or  holyoaks,    pellitory  of 
the  wall,  and  caflia-powder,  with  ten  lirops 
ot  annil'eed-oil,    keeping   warm    efpecially 
at  night. 
Viihmptr       As  for  the  ilifeafe  of  the  worms,  by  the 
c'vcriiii.  Aiiiui  BlihksaiUed  fkkoii,  it  is  mors  (leculi.ir 
to  the  natives  than   to  Europeans,  who  are 
leldom  afflictnl  with  them. 

This  difeale  appears  in  fevcr.il  parts  of  the 
liody,  but  more  commonly  in  the  Hefliy 
p.irts,  a-,  the  thighs,  the  haunches,  the 
breails  -,  .md  even  in  the  f.roiiiui,  a  man 
will  fometimes  have  nine,  ten  or  twelve  of 
thefe  worms  at  once  ;  fome  long,  fome 
fhort,  ami  fome  deeper  in  the  llelli  than 
other,  and  there  are  often  alfo  lome  lodged 
betwixt  tlK  tlefli  and  the  fkin.  The  worm 
gener.illy  fliows  itfelf  by  the  fwelling  of 
the  rtelh  ;  in  lome  it  caufes  violent  agues, 
with  great  ftiiverings  i  others  it  torments 
with  intolerable  ])ains,  all  over  the  body, 
I'o  that  they  cannot  rell  in  any  polhire : 
others  it  calls  into  a  violent  fever,  and  con- 
tinual deliriums.  But  thofe  that  grow  in 
the  brealf  or  paps  are  the  moil  afflidling, 
a-s  thofe  that  come  in  the  fcroium  and  yard 
are  the  mofl  dangerous  of  all,  as  well  as 
rormenting  ;  infomuch,  that  they  have  put 
Ibnic  men  there  into  fuch  a  woful  condi- 
tion, that  they  grew  pcrledtly  mad  and 
outrageous,  lb  that  it  was  requifitc  lo  bind 
them  very  faft. 


li  ■ 

m''- 

Hlli.4! 

Some  of  thofe  worms  are  an  el!  and  aj,,„,; 
half  long,  as  big  as  a  raven's  quill,  as  I  l'ivi/i\„J 
in  one  of  our  Qaves  aboard  (hip,  winding''"'" 
almoll  twice  about  his  waill,  vifibly  appa- 
rent in  many  pl.ices  ■,  wMch  our  chief  lur 
geon  drew  out  entire  in  four  days  time  ;  and 
when  dry,  it  was  almoll  li.ke  a  white fintw. 
From  this  immenlc  liic  ol\  an  ell  and  a  halt, 
the  worms  are  of  feveral  other  magnitudei, 
fliorter  and  (horter,  to  fix  inches  long,  and 
proportioiiably    thick  to  their  lengtn,  the 
(inallcil  no  bigger  than  a  hair. 

The  only  way  to  cure  this  horrid  tor-(,,, 
menting  dilcate,  is  to  take  hold  ot  the  «:•:■,,  ' 
worm,  very  gingerly,  as  loon  as  the  head 
has  in.ide  its  way  out  ol  the  l\selling,  and 
make  it  fall  tcaliiiall  pieceof  palle-hoar;!, 
or  link,  till  it  draws  b.K.L  i>i  itlelf ;  wiieu 
it  mult  by  no  means  be  toiced,  Init 
the  path-  boaril  letl  ov.  r  ihewouiul,  biiul 
ing  the  laid  wound  to  l.iP  tli.u  the  worm 
may  not  rc-tnicr,  and  applying  to  it  piiliiccs 
.md  fomentations,  twice  a  day,  to  loti;,ii 
the  tumour,  and  taeiliiate  tiie  coming  uiu 
of  the  worm  -,  every  time  the  wound  n 
ilreircd,  turning  the  p.iUe-boad  genily, 
and  thus  re[)eaiing  tiie  toiiKnt.itioiis  an.l 
winding  ot  the  worm  twice  a  ci.iy,  tonu- 
times  tor  a  whole  montli,  till  it  comes  out 
entire,  which  is  the  greatell  point  of  the 
cure,  tho'  the  method  be  tedious :  for  if  it 
fhould  happen  to  break  by  being  too  hally 
in  drawing  it  out,  that  part  which  remains 
in  the  botiy,  will  loon  putrify,  or  break 
out  at  tome  other  p.irt,  which  occalioiis 
double  pain  and  trouble.  We  have  teen 
men  thus  fcrved,  tor  whom  no  other  re- 
medy could  be  found  to  prtlerve  their  livfs, 
th.in  cutting  oti"  a  leg,  or  an  arm,  or  th,; 


privy  parts  -, 


it  the  worm  is  loil»cd  i 


the  trunk  ot  tiie  body,  and  broken,  it  n 
almoll  .1  miracle  it  the  man  dc)es  not  di,- 
of  the  gangrene  working  to  ihe  vital  pans. 
Commonly  the  worm  brings  along  withii, 
as  it  is  gradually  wound  out  of  a  man's 
body,  a  great  quantity  ot  putrified  matter. 
The  principal  point  of  this  cure,  bcliJi^ 
the  gentle  drawing  out  ol  the  worm,  as  has 
been  liiid,  is  to  keep  the  wounded  part  very 
warm,  becaufe  the  cold  air  wouki  Iwell  it, 
and  conlequently  choak  the  worm's  pall^ige, 
which  would  caule  intolerable  torincm. 
What  h.is  been  fiid  on  this  fubjet't:,  property 
concerns  Euiopcani  atflideil  with  this  unae 
countable  difeale  •,  to  which  1  lliall  add,  thai 
it  is  neccffiry,  after  the  cure,  to  purge  the 
patient,  and  take  tor  a  general  rule,  to  pre- 
vent this  dili;afe,  to  live  well,  and  Ibbcrly, 
to  keep  the  ilomach  very  warm,  to  Ihitl 
linen,  as  foon  as  wet  by  rain  or  tea  water  i 
and  generally  tooblerve  all  the  other  pie- 
fcriptions  1  have  hinted  at  before,  bui 
efpecially  to  abftain,  as  much  as  polfiblc, 
from  cheufe  ot  women, 

As 


Book  Uif  CHAP.2i-        Coafls  «/ South-Guinea. 


i-19 


n  ell  and  as,,,,,; 
ill,  as  ir.iw/''t(i,. 
ip,  winding''""' 
'ilibly  apju- 
ir  chief  lur 
s  time  1  aiul 
wliite  fiiicw. 
1  and  a  h.ilt, 
magiiiiudcb, 
csloiig,  and 
■  lengtn,  tin; 

horrid  tor-(,. 

hold  ot  the  Kv  ; 
I  iis  the  ht.ui 
welling,  and 
palle-lxiard, 
Ulelf;  whei; 
t'oiced,    but 
vouikI,  bind 
,,u  ilie  worm 
^  to  it  puluccs 
ly,    to  lotcai 
e  Loiiiing  uiii 
:he   wound   is 
ward   gcn-ly, 
leiil.itions  and 
;i  day,  lonv- 
il  It  comes  out 
:  point  ot  the 
ions :  for  if  it 
eing  too  haily 
which  remains 
ify,    or  break 
lieh  occafioiis 
,Ve  have   lecn 
no  other   rc- 
ve  their  lives. 
In  arm,  or  tit; 
11  is  loiiged  in 
broken,  ii  i'- 
does  not  d:.' 
ihe  vii.d  parts. 
;dunt;  withi!, 
I  ot    a  man's 
trilled  m.uur. 
cure,    belides 
worm,  ash.is 
ded  partvtr^ 
svoidd  I'well  it, 
urin's  pallage, 
ible    torment, 
ieiil,   proiK-dy 
,vith  this  unae- 
Ihall  add,  that 
to  purge  the 
1  rule,  to  pre - 
,   and  foberly, 
arm,  to  lliiit 
or  lea  water ; 
i\c  other  \w- 
before,    but 
h  as  poiriblc. 

As 


)lll'.l-f'X 


As  for  the  Blacks,  thej^  let  the  worm 
come  out  gradually  of  itfelf,  not  commonly 
taking  fuch  precautions  as  arc  above  ob- 
ferved  •,  fo  that  we  have  feen  a  man  tRere 
with  five  or  fix  fuch  worms  hanging  partly 
out  from  his  botly  at  once  :  and  when  the 
worm  is  quite  out,  they  anoint  the  wound 
with  butter  and  lldt,  and  afterwards  wafli  it 
from  time  to  time  with  fea-watcr  only,  which 
proves  very  eftedliial. 

Thisworm-diica)'.'  is  frequent  all  tliecoafl: 
over ;  the  places  at  which  the  tluUaiuLrs 
find  tlitir  men  arc  the  moft  tormented  with 
it,  are  Cormoitiii  anil  Aiam,  wiiich  I'.'-y 
attribute  to  the  foul  water  they  are  ohi'gcd 
10  drink  there.  At  /Ura  the  natives  are 
nothing  near  to  miichafHirtcd  with  it,  as  at 
all  other  places  of  the  G'AA  Cnujl  \  the 
rcal'on  whereof  ni.iy  be,  that  the  country 
of  Ava  not  being  a  promontory,  nor  lo 
woody  as  all  ti\e  other  p.irts  of  ihe  einll; 
;ire,  the  air  is  cunlci-itieiuiy  wholefonier. 
1  have  been  told  there,  that  a  man  may 
have  this  wormtlitt^ale  two  years  before  it 
appears,  and  that  in  fomc  Eurolvuiis,  tlie 
worm  did  not  break  out  for  twelve  months 
after  they  were  got  back  from  the  coitl: 
oi Guinea,  to  Euinpe,  without  feeling,  all 
that  while,  the  leafl  pains. 

The  tmall-pox  fwcep.!  away  great  num- 
bers of  Bi.hki,  of  both  fexes  antl  all  ages 
every  year. 

"  I  fear  I  fliall  prove  tedious  upon 
"  every  fuhjedt  1  treat  of  -,  but  my  defign 


have  often  affured  me,  tha"-  the  natives  forty  Bar  rot. 
or  fifty  leagues  farther  up  the  inland,  know  4^^^ 
nothing  of  that  difcafe,    tho'  they  are  ge- 
nerally as  intemperate  in   many    regards, 
and  particularly  in  the  enjoyment  of  women, 
as  any  ;U  the  Gold  Coujl. 

Others  have  been  of  opinion,  that  the 
too  frequent  ufcof  pit- water  is  theoccafion 
ot  it.  To  corroborate  which  notion ,  they 
produce  an  example  of  it  at  Ormu<,  and  in 
the  neighbouring  j)laces,  where  the  Indians 
having  no  other  water  to  drink,  lv.it  thai 
of  pits,  iire  tubjcft  to  this  worm  diltemper  ; 
whicli  has  obliged  the-n  to  fetch  frelh  water 
from  out  of  the  fe.^  .t  felt",  in  eighteen  fa- 
thom deep,  having  men  employed  on  pur- 
ptde  there,  to  dive  i'o  low  for  ir :  and  that 
.It  Moiii('e  \mAC.'jniu)i::it,  where  they  tlrink 
no  other  water,  the  people  are  much  more 
cormentcd  with  the  worms,  tlian  at  other 
parts  ot  theco.dl  •,  but  yet.d:)undance  of  the 
natives  there,  tho'  they  uie  as  much  ot  that 
w.iter  .is  .my  otiiers,  ar"  very  free  from  it. 

L.atlly,  Kther.s  .ire  politive  it  proceeds 
from  b.id  water,  and  ill  food,  together  with 
theexcefl'ive  m.ilign.ini  rains,  and  the  mil- 
dews of  the  eool  evenings,  which  affedl 
many  people  there,  .md  breed  ir  in  their 
bodies.  To  make  out  their  aftertion  they 
alledge,  that  the  people  are  mofl  torniented 
with  that  difeale  in  the  rainy  month  of  Aiigujff 
wjicn  the  drops  of  r.dn  iliat  fill  arc  com- 
monly .is  big  as  large  peas,  and  fo  ma- 
lignant, that,  as  I  have  obluved  before,  it 


having  been,  from  the  beginning,  to  omit     will  rot   any  woollen  clothing  in  three  days 

no  particulars  otul'e,  or  for  curiofity,  to  ' 

render  the  defcription  of  the  Coajh  of 

Giiuic.i  more  compleat,  than  any  yet  pub- 

lilhed,  inany  l.mguage,  I  Ihall  now  enter 

upon  a  digreilion  of  the  various  caules, 

which  are  thought  to  breed  the  wcjrms 

in  men's  bodies  in  that  part  ul  Ahiiu." 


<,..;■ 


Notions   of  tubat  breed)  Worms. 
CO  Ml',    fancy   exreflive   luxury,    in  the 

eontinual  life  of  a  great  number  of  wo- 
men, to  be  the  piiiKij),il  occafion  of  it  : 
others  attribute  it  to  the  frequent  eating  of 
,1  certain  lilli,  whereof  there  is  great  plenty  : 
others,  that  it  comes  from  keeping  fb  long 
III  the  fe.i-water  every  day  ;  and  others  alio, 
iKiin  excels  of  fatigues  and  long  journeys 
.i-loot.  1  here  are  others  who  impute  it  to 
the  excels  of  palm-wine,  and  the  kankier 
made  of  maiz.  But  all  thefe  opinions  ap- 
pear to  be  groundlef's,  by  the  frequent  ex- 
amples of  many  ^x-rfons  at  the  coaft,  who 
have  been  under  all  ihole  circumltances, 
for  many  years  together,  even  beyond  ex- 
preflion,  and  yet  have  lived  very  free  from 
that  dileafe  •,  whilll  others,  that  live  there 
tcmj)eratcly  in  many  of  the  before-mentioned 
p,irticulars,  have  been  much  tormented  with 
it,  efpecially  the  turopcam;  and  (he  Blacks 


time,  it  not  prevented  by  tlie  perfon  that 
has  been  lb  wetted,  by  fliifting  itprefently, 
and  having  it  dried.  It  is  .thij  pofitively 
aliened,  that  the  mildew  in  ili.ic  month  is 
miKJi  more  dangerous  than  at  any  other 
time  of  the  ye.ir,  tho'  it  may  be  laid  to 
be  bad  at  all  other  times,  not  excepting  the 
I'ummer  tealbn.  Wliich  of  ail  tlicle  opinions, 
loncerning  thecauii:s  of  this  llrangedifeafe 
ot  the  worms,  is  the  moil  folid  and  proba- 
ble, I  will  not  venture  to  decide  ;  only  fhall 
prellime  to  fay,  this  lall  lecms  to  mj  the 
molt  natural,  by  wh.it  I  know,  and  have 
heard  of  the  iurpriting  etfedts  of  the  rains 
in  the  month  of  Air^ti/t,  and  the  corrupted 
air  ot  that  fealon,  occalioned  by  them,  as 
alii)  by  the  horrid  thunder,  attended  with 
lightnings  and  tornadoes,  which  are  then  fo 
treqiient. 

The  Blach  are  well  enough  attended   in  ctoJ  at- 
ficknefs,  according  to   their  abilities  i  zho"  ttndwce in 
fome  reprefcnt    them   to  be  uncharitable.M'"/'- 
even  to  inhumanity,  towards  their  fick  re- 
lations, fo   as  to  deny  them  the  neccflliry 
help  and  fubfiftance. 

Tliey  are  generally  very  much  afraid  of 
death  ;  and  ufe  all  pofTible  methods  to  pre- 
ferve  their  lives,  not  only  by  means  of 
natural  remtidies,  but  alto  by  the  praftice 

of 


'm\ 


vi  i. 


:V'.y, 


;.    !:  d  :'!/'> ^ 


-    i 


i-ri1 


t?.'>'l 


t  IS. 


klik  fl 

! 
^•r\''\    if 


z8o 


y^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  III. 


Vrieili 


it.Ui  curei 


offcveral  fupcraitions,  as  I  (Viall  hereafter 
mention  •,  and  yet  when  fick  or  wounded, 
they  endeavour  to  appear  unconcerned. 
The  word  yVI/./rr/,  in  their  language  lig- 
nifies  to  be  lick  ;  Jarbaka[ii,  to  be  dying  ; 
and  Oil,  to  be  dead. 

They  drel's  their  wounds  will>  vuhierary 
herbs,  of  wliich  tliey  have  above  thirty 
lorts,  of  great  virtue  and  efficacy,  as  1 
have  oblerved  before,  whercwitii  they  cure 
great  and  dangi  rous  wounds  to  a  wonder  ; 
bit  'vanting  Ikill  to  dr.iw  out  mu(ket-bal!s 
or  the  Uke  trom  the  ftclh,  liicy  olicn  heal 
them  luperficiallv.  And  1  remember  a 
llavc,  after  haviiig  been  three  montiis  a- 
board,  hail  three  mulket-balls  taken  out 
of  his  bo.iy,  by  our  firgeons. 

St'  1-  E  R  s  T  1  T  I  o  N. 

Till'',  priefts,  or  conjurers,  arc  g<-n.ral- 
ly  their  piiyfii-ians  and  fiirgcons,  a.s 
wellasfpiritual  guides ;  as  we  read  zhcBoyez, 
or  prieltsofC///'.-;  in  Jmrncn,  wire  among 
tliofe  peopk'.  Tiic  pricfts  of  tiie  lihwiit'S 
fparated  tlic  lepers,  and  deciiieii  of  legal 
iiiipurities,  and  in  that  refpeit  .icted  as 
piiyfi'  ians  or  furg.'ons  ;  for  the  ancients 
did  not  diUinguidi  between  thofe  protelii- 
on.-.  The  law  dkl  condemn  the  perlbn, 
who  had  wounded  another,  to  pay  the 
phyfuian's  fees:  and  in  other  places,  men- 
tion is  made  of  bandage,  plaifters  and  oint- 
ments, but  not,  that  I  know,  of  any 
(uirges  and  diet.  Tlie  Gnvki  of  the  he- 
roick  limes,  as  Philn  obferves,  applied 
ihemfclves  only  to  drefs  wounds,  with  pro- 
per remedies,  without  prefcribing  any  or- 
der of  diet  ;  fuppofing  that  other  inciden- 
tal dillempers  would  be  cured  by  the  good 
conftiiution  and  temperance  of  the  patient, 
riu-  B  .ick}  entirely  rely  on  the  didates 
of  their  fiid  priells  in  fpiritual  alfairs,  and 
'no  lei''-  in  fid<nef, ;  when  having  unluccefs- 
iully  tried  'the  proper  natural  remedies, 
they  commonly  have  recourfc  to  fuper- 
Ititious  practices,  liippofing  them  more  ef- 
fee'tu.il,  or  being  perfuaded  to  it  by  the 
priell,  and  eafily  intluced  to  believe  they 
can  never  recover  without  making  fome 
oti"iriiig  to  their  gods.  Accordingly  tluy 
dJire  the  priefl  to  enquire  of  their  deiiy, 
what  he  would  have.  When  the  pretend- 
ed enquiry  is  made,  the  crafty  [iriclf,  who 
makes  his  aiivantage  of  their  fimplicity, 
tells  them  they  nnirt  offer  lome  tame 
beart,  a  flicep,  a  hog,  a  cock,  a  dog,  or 
a  cat,  or  whatfocver  he  fancies ;  which 
fometimes  is  gold,  cloth,  drink,  or  the 
like,  which  is  commonly  proirartioned  to 
the  ability  of  the  perfon  that  is  fick  v  and 
whatfoever  he  requires,  they  freely  part 
with,  which  is  the  profit  of  the  cheat. 
According  to  this  fuperftition,  the  priell 
makes  fevcral   [xlkn  of  clay,  which  are 


let  about  the  patient'.?  lOom,  in  rank  and 
file,  all  fprinkled  with  blood,  and  the 
faid  pried  eats  the  fiefl^  of  the  creature 
offered  to  his  good  health. 

If  the  fick  perlbn  happens  to  recover 
foon  after  the  oflering  made,  either  by 
Itrength  of  n.iture,  or  by  virtue  of  th'i 
remedies  adminillred,  the  piiell  is  liire  to  be 
well  rewarded,  and  highly  commended  for 
his  Ikill  and  ability. 

Thus  a  Boyez  or  prieft  of  (y<l>a,  above 
mentioned,  when  he  uiulenook  to  cure  .i 
fick  Cacique  of  that  ifland,  iiled  toihuti"ii[, 
the  juice  of  a  certain  herb,  which  jnit  him 
befides  himlelf ;  and  when  recovered  of  his 
mad  fir,  he  told  them,  he  had  fpoken  to 
the  Conii,  which  were  their  gods,  and 
that  the  Cacique  wnulil  l()on  be  well  again; 
but  if  he  laid,  th.it  thole  fpirits  were  angry, 
it  was  to  denote  that  the  Cacique  woiilii 
die.  They  reprelented  thofe  Cemis,  much 
after  the  manner  our  painters  do  the  devils, 
and  faid  they  were  the  meffengers  of  the  e- 
ternal  God, 

If  the  patient  grows  vvorfe,  frelli  offerino^ 
are  made,  more  expcnfive  than  the  formrr; 
and  fo  repeated  again,  and  again,  till  t!ie 
fick  perfon  recovers  or  dies.  It  alio  okeii 
happens  that  one  dottor  is  dilchargcd  with 
a  good  reward,  and  another  called  in  his 
place,  who  begins  the  lanv.-  courii:  over  ,i- 
g.iin,  knowing  well  how  to  man.igc  the  lii- 
perititious  fimplicity  ot  his  jiatient.  Mi, 
firft  aft  is  to  coiulemn  all  the  former  phvli 
cian  has  done,  whereupon  new  olicrings  ;iie 
m.ide,  coil  what  liuy  will,  to  get  what  .n.iv 
be  had,  for  fi-ar  ot  being  allu  turned  .iwiv 
very  lliortly,  as  his  preiiecfllbr  was,  :inil 
another  again  Lrouglu  in,  in  his  lle.ul 
I'or  this  change  (j|  doctors,  or  phvfii  iaiis, 
will  happen  twenty  times  or  more  fuccelTui 
ly ;  and  at  a  continu.il  charge,  perh.ips 
greater  than  with  iis  :  tluill'  jiiople  beini; 
fo  llrangely  prepofitlPxl  wiih  the  opinion  oi 
thole  ollering.s,  that  fonn'iimes  they  wiil 
force  the  priells  to  m.ike  ihem. 

This  bigotry    is  lo  gr.ittctl  in  the  B!d,bQ.< 
of  all  ages  and  fexes,  that  the  young  oncs,i;.. 
even  boys,  who  are  either  lervants  or  flaves'" 
to  the  luiropctDn  there,   if  they  think  th, 
have  a  gooil  m.iller,  will   as  Iboii  as  he  ii 
the  le.ifl  indifpofed,  lecrerly  go  to  the  prieirs 
to  make  offerings  tor  him,  of  a  Iheep,  oi 
hens,  according  to  their  ability,  which  they 
eat  to  his  good    health,  as  has  been  laid, 
that  he  may  recover  ;  and  fome  lay  en  beds, 
or  in  the    chambers  of  their  faid  mailers, 
the  fniall  pellets  confecrati  d  or  charmed  by 
the  prieft,  to  defend  him  from  death.     And 
thofe  boys  knowing    their  mailers  wouKl 
he  much  difpleafed  at   it,    are  very    cau- 
tious how  they  do  ir.  and  conceal  it  fo  wrll, 
that  it   is  impoflible  to  difcover  it   before 
tlje  perfon  be  well  recovered  or  dead.    And 

tha 


Book  III 

,  rank  and 

and    ilio 
le  creature 


to  recover 
either  by 
:uc  of  thi 
s  lure  to  be 
imendtd  for 

y/irt,  above 
•;  to  cure  .1 
il  tornuffuj; 
irli  jMit  him 
ivered  of  his 
id  fpoken  to 
gods,   and 
c  well  again; 
;  were  angry, 
rtcique  w'oiild 
Cdiius,  much 
.lo  the  devils, 
rers  of  the  c- 

Velli  offering* 
n  the  tormeri 
gain,  till  the 
It  alio  oiicii 
chargctl  with 
called  ill  his 
:ourle  over  ,i- 
lanaj^e  tiie  In- 
]>ittcnt.     His 
itormcr  phyli- 
V  olVcringi  are 
,cc  wliai  .nay 
turncil  aw.iv 
libr  was,  and 
n   his  Ik'aJ, 
oi  phyfuian';, 
lire  lui  cciliw 
j,e,    perhai'^ 
.liopK-  bt'ini; 
he  opinion  oi 
they   will 


m  the  B.'iiiJjc;,'. 
yo'ing  oncs/i.;" 

ants  orflavcs"' 
tiiink  th, , 

bon  as  he  i^ 

to  tin-  pricits 

a  Ifieep,  ov 

',  which  they 

as  been  laid, 
■  lay  on  beds, 
faid  matk'rs, 

r  charmed  hy 
death.     And 

nailers  would 
re  very  c.w- 
:eal  it  lb  w.  11, 
iver  it  belore 
ir  dead.  Ami 
that 


Chap.  22.  Coa/is  of  So  u  r  h-G  u  i  n  e  a» 


281 


.1;  'ml  '•*■ 


that  but  very  rarely  and  by  chance,  if  they 
had  not  tim^  to  take  them  away  as  privately. 
Some  of  the  Mulatto  women,  who  I  formerly 
faid  would  fain  pafs  for  Chrijlians,  of  which 
religion  they  know  very  little,  are  addifted 
to  fuch  fuperPtitious  pr.iftices,  even  to  extra- 
vagancy. If  any  one  of  them  is  married  to,  or 
kept  by  an  Eiirofean,  who  loves  and  pays  her 
well,  if  he  fall  lick,  fhe  never  fails  to  make 
rich  offerings  to  the  pried,  with  much  war- 
mer zea!  and  flrongir  reliance  on  the  fuc- 
cei's  of  ihem,  than  the  liuicki  thcmfelvtj. 
But  what  is  more  detcft.dile,  as  well  as 
'"'"[""\leplorable,  is,  that  even  fome  Europeans 
there,  not  only  believe  this  idolatrous  wor- 
fhip  tffedual,  but  encourage  their  lervants 
in  it  i  and  arc  very  t'ond  of  wearing  about 
tlieir  bodies,  fbme  of  thefe  confecrateil  toys 
or  rpell--  of  the  heathen  prielts. 

F  c  \  1;  R  A  I.  s. 

WHEN  any  perfon  dies,  they  are  very 
careful  to  hinilcr  his  tyes  .ind  mouth 
Ironi  fliuttin!.';or  doling,  and  the  arms  aiul 
l-gs  from  llretihing  out  llilf,  that  the  de- 
ceafed  may  fee  wiiat  people  come  to  vilit 
him,  after  his  deceal'e,  and  tnteriain  and 
falute  them. 

Then  tliey  let  up  fuch  difmal  crying,  la- 
nicntation,  and  I'queaking,  that  not  only 
the  houfe  of  the  ilecc.ifeii,  but  the  whole 
village  or  town  relbunds  with  it.  Many 
of  thole  mourners  run  round  the  houfe  fing- 
ing  mournful  vcrfes,  to  the  found  of  the 
balbns  on  which  they  beat,  with  little  flieks, 
now  and  then  going  into  the  houfe  to  fee 
thedeceafed,  wliilll  others  wafli  his  corp,  ; 
and  the  youth  ot  his  acquaintance,  common- 
ly, as  if  it  were  to  p.iy  ilnir  lalt  iluty  and 
refptdt,  fire  llver.il  mufkeis.  If  the  decea- 
jedbe  a  man,  his  wives  immcoiately  fliavc 
their  heads  very  clofc,  and  fmear  their  bo- 
dies with  white  earth  ;  and  put  on  an  old 
lagged  garment  :  in  this  cquip.me  they  run 
.■bout  the  town  like  dillraci<i.l  or  mad  wo- 
men, with  their  hair  hanging  loofe,  and 
nir.king  a  diimal,  lamenialile  nolle,  con- 
tinually repeating  the  nami-  of  tlie  dead,  and 
reciting  the  befl  actions  ol  his  pall  lite.  This 
timiultuary  ridiculous  noifc  of  the  women 
LiUs  feveral  days  fucc  elTiviIy,  even  till  the 
Ijody  is  interred. 

Wiien  the  corps  is  walhed,  they  lay  ir  in 
•in  ofier  or  wooden  collin  ;  in  Ibme  places 
they  place  it  on  a  boartl,  as  fitting,  and  his 
relations  come  to  inquire  after  his  death,  or 
why  he  would  die  ;  tho'  ihey  know  he  died 
a  natural  death,  either  by  ficknel's  or  old 
age,  wounds  or  other  mortal  dillemper  ; 
yet  they  all  fuppole  it  mull  certainly  pro- 
ceed from  fome  other  caufc. 

The  prieft,  who  mull  of  necefuty  be  pre- 
fent  on  (his  occafion,  enquires  of  the  rela- 
tions whether  the  dtctufcd  was  ever  iieriured 

Vol.  V. 


in  his  life-time  ;  if  it  is  proved  he  was,  thenBAiinoT. 
they  conclude,  his  death  was  the  punilhment  ^-^y>J 
of  that  great  crime.     If  he   is  »'ot  found  ^"■'"J,'^ 
guilty   of    that,    they    enquire  whether  hcf,,,,,  „/- 
hau  any  confi  lerable  enemies,  who  might<'"('j. 
have  laid  I'pells  in  his  way,  which   might 
occafion  his  death-,  which,  if  proved,  Ibme 
of  thole  enemies  are  examined  very  Itriftly, 
and  if  they  have  been  ufed  to  fuch  pradliccs, 
tho'  never  lo  long  fince,    they  will  fcarce 
come  off  without  hurt  or  damage. 

If  there  be  no  ful'iicion  of  poifon,  the 
enquiry  is,  whether  wives,  children,  and  o- 
ther  perkjns  ot  his  t.i  nilv,  or  hi-,  llaves,  at- 
tended him  with  due  care,  or  were  liberal 
enough  in  their  offering,  while  he  was  fick; 
and  I*-  nodetecl  is  found  therein,  the  lall 
refuge  is  to  conclude  tiic  dcceated  had  not 
been  exact  in  his  religious  wortliip. 

riiercupon  the  piiell  ap|iroaclus  the  dead 
pertcm,  and  .ilks  him  why  he  died  ;  anil  be- 
ing Icntibic  tii.u  hinileir,  and  others  like  him 
have  pre|)utre(l(d  th(>t'e  tenli  Kls  [Kople  with 
an  opinion  oi  iheii  lanctitv  nul  diliiiterelled- 
nels,  anfw era  the  qut  llions  himlelt,  .is  is  motl 
for  his  own  advant  iif,i  -,  and  th.'t  palf.s  a- 
iiiong  thole  lilly  |)  opic  for  i;  il  truth. 

The  queries   liRii  lommonly    put  to  a^«c/M»-,. 
dead  peiibn,  areol  levi  ral  torts :  as  for  in-  "j'-r J  jAi? 
Ilance,    lome   men  take  up  the  deail  body  "' ' 
ill  the  pret'tncc  ol  tiic  priell  on  their  llioul- 
ders,  and  then  alk.  Did  not  \rii  die  fur  fuib 
a  ccuije  ?  If  he,  did,  the  men  who  hold  him, 
l)y  a  hidden  impulfe,  are  obligeil  to  incline 
the  body  tovvarils  the  (luetiioner  -,  wliich  is 
taken  lor  m-\  affirmative  anlvver :  otherw  ill; 
they  tiand  Hill. 

At  lome  other  pLices,  u  h:ire  they  cxpotl- 
the  iLeealed  perion  fitting  on  a  fioard, 
they  put  many  quetlioiis  to  him,  foine- 
times  t'everal  people  Ip'-aking  tou;ether  •,  for 
example,  H-'hutwdi  the  reajln  tvhy  you  l,ft 
vi  ?  iib:il  tl  ;'/;^^j  (/;',/  yon  tvmit  tiiojl  ?  who  ts 
it  ll.'.t  b-'s  ki'ied  you?  with  many  more,  as 
tbolilli  ami  impertinent,  as  tedious  to  relate. 
At  .//•.;,  the  examiner  commonly  lies 
flat  down  on  the  llomaeh  of  the  deceafed 
perfon,  .md  taking  him  bv  the  note,  put.s 
all  th.e  abovementioned  queflions  to  him  i 
,ind  their  fimplicity  is  lb  unaccountable  in 
this  iiariicular,  that  tiiey  will  affirm  the 
dead  perfon  h.is  t'uliy  antwered  their  quef- 
tions,  by  a  motion  of  his  tongue,  teeth, 
eyes  or  lips. 

At  Acid,  again,  the  principal  wife  of  a 
lilack,  who  lia[)pens  to  die,  lies  down  by 
his  corps,  howling,  crying,  and  rubbing 
his  face  from  time  to  time,  with  a  wifp 
of  draw,  or  of  the  thread  of  the  confecra- 
led  tree  ;  faying,  Aias,  Auzy.  If  it  is  a 
woman  that  is  dead,  her  husband  docs  the 
fame  to  her. 

It  is  cuitomary  in  leveral  places  tor  the 

thief  wife  of  a  deceafed   Hlack,   from  the 

C  c  c  c  time 


'!>-' 


'  ■  '1    'I 


ii  f 


■Ifi'-' 


282 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  III, 


f   ;' 


M:} 


.. 'Ill  ■ 


*!. 


if:':,(i      i: 


mu 


S.ttriiuc 
for  the 
.le.l,l. 


R.MuioT.  tiiiie  of  his  dcceali;,  to  th.u  ot  his  buri.il, 
^"•^"V^  t„  j,o  ;>bout  tlic  town  from  houfc  to  houfe 
wilh  .iciLibiilli,  or  br.iis  bafon  in  hi  r  hand, 
to  [;athtr  gold  hnkra,  to  buy  a  row  or 
flu't'i),  to  bi.'  facnfu 111,  and  l)fg  of  their 
deities  to  condiii!;t  the  dcccaled  to  a  (ilaccof 
veil,  without  any  ai  cident    by  tiu-  way. 

This  olVeriny;  is  pertornicd  by  thn  priell 
in  tlic  following  inannir:  he  ordi  rs  the  bealh 
to  be  (laiighured  ;  ani.1,  with  the  blood 
thereof,  he  rubs  all  tlie  ilead  perfDii's  id'iN, 
whieii  he  has  fet  together  in  a  ring  in  ihe 
corner  of  a  houfe  ;  the  largeil  being  plaeed 
cxaeHly  in  the  middle  ot  all  the  others, 
and  all  adorned  witli  gold  ornaments,  muI  va- 
luabk  )iaK,  or  other  thing' ;  asall(>many 
thrcails  of  the  bari\  ol  the  confecrated  tree, 
which  he  has  mixed  withaijii.intiiy  ol  peale, 
beans,  rice,  /«,//..'•;  wheat,  iialm-oii,  ll'elh, 
anil  biid's  feathers  i  then  he  plates  wreailis 
ol  green  bouj/hs,  wiiieh  he  puts  about  his 
neck  :  iluriiig  this,  the  wives  oi  the  de- 
ceafed,  having  cut  in  pieces  the  cow,  or 
tl'.e  (Ik'P,  biing  it  in  troughs  or  dilhes  to 
the  piiell,  who  lays  it  by  the  idols. 
Alter  lonie  moments  of  proloiinJ  filenee, 
iie  mutttts  cirtain  words,  and  taking 
inio  hi.  mouth  Ibme  w.iter  or  j\diii 
wine,  Ipurts  it  out  again  on  all  the  idoh : 
1/  thi,  done  he  puts  all  that  mals  together, 
and  prtiVes  it,  taking  out  the  tat  or  greafe, 
which  he  mixes  with  other  ingredients  not 
iilcd  betore,  mouWing  and  working  it  to- 
gether again  with  the  green  leaves  that  hang 
about  his  neck  the  juice  whereot  he  has 
betore  Iqueczcd  out,  and  coinimies  that 
kniadiiig  till  he  has  ufe\l  all  ilif^  leaves. 
To  conilude,  he  works  all  thole  things  to- 
gether, andot  that  filthy  conipolition  mak'-s 
leveral  pellets,  as  big,  or  as  I'mall  ai  '.J 
ple.iirs,  palling  each  jjarcel  between  hi-  legs, 
and  ovei  his  face.  Living,  ////.-v,  that  is, 
good  be  ti>  yoii  '•  antl  thus  the  new  iilols 
are  m.ide  1  lonn-  of  tlKin  to  be  put  into  thr 
ikee.ileil  perlon's  coffin  or  grave,  as  tutelar 
goiK,  to  ])roteCt  him  in  his  long  jouriuy 
to  the  other  lite;  the  otheis  to  be  dillri- 
buied  among  all  the  company,  as  their 
guardians  and  proteftors  in  war.  '1  he 
poorer  people,  who  cannot  buy  a  cow,  or 
a  Ihcep,  l(jr  an  olfering,  provide  cocks  and 
hens,  which  the  pricft  kills,  ufing  the  fame 
ceremonies  as  .ibove. 
of  In  Ibme  places,  before  they  bury  the 
dead,  they  lay  tlie  corps  on  aboanl,  and 
expole  it  tor  a  d.iy  and  a  halt' to  the  tight 
of  all  the  peonle,  with  the  face  covered, 
and  the  arms  llretched  (jut.  When  the  time 
appointed  tor  the  iuneraliscomc,  the  corps, 
thus  made  t.itl  on  a  board,  is  laid  on  two 
men's  (houlders,  one  at  each  enil  i  in  Ibme 
places  this  is  done  only  by  women,  exdu- 
live  10  the  .iien,  who  carry  it  to  the  grave, 
atttiuicd  by  all   the  women  of  the  town, 


Manner 

thegme 


each  ot  thei".  wearing  .m  idol  of  draw  011 
her  herd,  and  carrying  a  flick  in  one  hand, 
(inging  doletuHy  to  the  mufick  of  feve:.'| 
initruments,  beaten  in  a  mournful  mannei 
It  the  pi  rfon  to  be  buried  is  .1  man,  aru) 
the  grave  at  a  great  dilfance  from  th' 
place  where  he  died,  his  principal  wife 
commonly  w.dks  all  the  way,  dole  by  li:^ 
collin,  as  the  luifband  do'S  wlun  his  witc 
is  to  b;' interred  ;  but  if  the  dcccaled  df\l 
in  t!ie  town,  or  pi. ice  wh' re  he  was  born, 
it  is  not  cullonviry  citlv  r  tor  the  hulban.lor 
wile  U)  goto  the  grave.  Iris  the  confl.Mi! 
cullom  of  the  /).,«(•;,  of  either  fe.\,  wi.ra 
they  bappvn  to  die  from  the  jilace  where 
tl'.ey  wtre  born,  to  be  carried  thither,  to 
lie  among  ineir  kindred  ;  whiihnuill  cer 
tainly  he  done  wliatlbevu-  it  colb,  if  the 
ciUCts  of  the  party  decealed  will  pay  i!:c 
cii.irgc.  riuis  loivu-  bodies  are  carrinl  tw\ntv 
live  or  th.rty  leagues,  conduCteil  by  a  good 
num'.-'er  ofarmtd  men,  who  are  fublillcii 
all  that  time  .it  the  cliarge  of  the  ik-.ul 
IHTlon's  rcl.iiions.  This  we  lee  fi'equent- 
Iv  pi;'.ctifed  in  I'lvjir, 

'I'hey  cominonlv  lay  tlr  ir  liead  in  grave. ,■;;.„• 
about  tour  foot  deep,  and  liavi:'g  placed 
the  body  therein,  with  the  board  it  is 
tiflencil  to,  they  rover  it  with  as  many 
green  houghs,  or  other  things,  as  will  fcrve 
to  bear  ofl'  the  earth,  an  I  bury  with  it  the 
arms,  clothes  and  ut.rlils,  the  ilfccafcil 
perlbn  uled  while  livini^';  -,  to'^ether  v/ith  tin: 
new  idols,  matle  by  the  pricfl,  as  was  fakl 
above,  all  wLidi  they  (over  with  earth, 
till  the  gra\  e  is  filled  up,  and  then  iivft 
over  it  a  Im.ill  thatch'd  cottage,  or  htir, 
liipj-orted  by  lour  polh,  into  whi(h  the 
wonv.n,  .itiendirg  the  funeral,  cnep  u;^0)i 
all  lour,  with,  dilliial  cri'S  and  lam.nratioii,. 
This  done,  they  le,,ve  under  that  root,  palm- 
wine,  com,  and  c'.iur  ]>rovilions,  to  lirv  • 
t!u'  de.id  perlbn  iii  the  o'licr  li'i- ;  on  h.ilf 
whereof  is  coinm(;nly  taki  n  auay  bv  t!i.' 
m.ui  ti''t  dug  the  gr..ve,  tor  hi-  own  I'lr, 
b(. fides  the  money  p'.id  tor  ti;,it  lerM:,\ 
When  the  provifioir  1  ti  on  the  giM\e  lu: 
t!ie  fubfiltance  of  the  dead  p.  rton,  .ire  rn:- 
ten,  or  devoured  by  the  lowls  ot  the  an-, 
tor  no  man  will  venture  to  touch  tlu-ni  ;  th,' 
rtlaticis  look  upon  it  as  an  inviolab!/  poiii: 
of  religion  and  honour,  to  remove  what  r;-- 
m.iiiis,  and  lay  frelli  in  the  room,  froia 
time  to  time. 

Others  Ib-v  rice  in  the  gr,i\-e,  and  ir,er.: 
leave  feveral  worth!.., s  things  ol'  the  tic 
leafed,  but  no  lioulliold  goods. 

The  lilfuli  about  the  lii\iiul-i/hi>'!^  Ii'''t|>m;, 
of  great  l-'irJrriik.hiil/,  nearcape/;vi  l'oi:!as,!:i:hii 
luvc  a  peculiar  cultom  among  them,  wiiich 
is,  to  bury  their  dead  in  a  lea  cl'.ell,  bowi.i;:; 
the  coqis  -,  anil  thofe  chelfs  being  com.Tio:ly 
but  tour  toot,  or  fiiur  fo.K  and  ah.ilt  in 
length,   and   the  dead    body  conlajucndy 

to'j 


com  Pi 


l|::'iiii 


Book  III,  i  Chap.  22.        Coafts  of  South-Guinea. 


I  of  ft  raw  on 
in  one  h.inil, 
:k  of  ri:ve::i.l 
nhil  manner 
.1  man,  and 
;e  from  t!v 
rinc  ipal   witc 

dole  by  lii^ 
Inn  his  wilt- 
(.lecc.ili'ii  dial 
ir  wa>  born, 
1r-  liiilb.in.JDr 
i  the  LDnft.ini 
icr  li'x,  wlien 
c  place  wliere 
■tl  ihiilicr,  to 
ic  h  tmiil  cer- 

cod  •,    if  thr 

will  pay  il:c 
caniuttwinty 
cii  by  a  i^ood 
1  arc  fublillai 

of  the  iK-.ui 

fee  frcqu'Jiu- 

iicaJ,  in  graven, •;.■,„;,. 
liavi-g  placed 
L'   board    it   is 
with  as  many 
s,  as  will  fcrvc 
iiry  wirli  it  tlv,- 
ill.'  il"ccalul 
Hftlk-r  v/ith  tli2 
.11,  n<wis  fiKl 
■cr  with  earth, 
an.l  then  (reiil: 
tta<;e,   or  hur, 
the 
cnep  upon 
lam.iii  uioiii. 
iitroiif.  palm- 
01 V,  to  lerv,' 
I'i- ;  on.  Ii.ilf 
I  way   by  th: 
\i^  own  I'!!', 
liiat    fervr:^'. 
\i:  ;>,ravc  loi 
ton,   arc  rot- 
>K  lit  the  air, 
h  th.'in  •,  t'l.' 
\  iolabl  ■  poin; 
ove  what  r-- 
room,  troii) 

;\  c,  and  then: 
ol'    the  c!e 

iiul-iil'ii'x  f''r!,vj. 
pefr.'j-  /':.'.'.!.,. ■■■■■•» 
g  them,  wifu'h 
\.i.ell,  bowing 
ng  coir..no;ily 
and  .ih.ilf  in 

f  (.onfcq^n-n-ly 
tu'J 


28J 


too  long  for  them,  they  chop  off  the  head, 
and  lay  it  on  one  fide.  As  foon  as  the  corps 
is  let  tlown  into  the  grave,  the  pcrfons  who 
attended  the  funeral  drink  palm-wine,  or 
turn  plentifully,  out  of  oxes  horns ;  and 
what  they  cannot  drink  oft  at  a  liraught, 
they  fpill  on  tiie  grave  of  their  dcceal'ed 
friend,  that  he  may  have  his  ftiare  of  the 
lienor. 

If  a  woiran  dies  in  childbeil,  and  her 
child  too,  it   is  buried  in  iier  arms. 

As  to  the  burial  of  flaves,  I  have  laid 
before,  that  in  fouK  parts  it  is  not  allowed 
tlieni,  but  their  bodies  are  call:  out  into  by- 
places,  thereto  rot  away,  or  bedevourei.1 
by  wikibeart.Si  but  at  thole  parts  of  the 
coall  where  tin  y  are  kinder  to  their  Haves 
in  tliis  I'lnieular,  tliey  throw  eiylitecn  or 
twenty  inches  depth  of  earth  overthrm. 

When  the  corps  of  a  decealed  Ireep.rlbn 
i=  laid  down  in  the  grave,  with  all  the 
lorm.dities  above- mention'd  ;  the  women 
attending  tlie  funeral  walk  to  the  nearcft 
water,  either  iVa  or  river,  and  cntring  into 
it  navel  d>-ep,  with  their  hands  throw  the 
laid  water  in  one  another's  fues  ;  th'.is  wafti- 
ing  tlieniklves  all  over,  whilll  others  Itand- 
ing  by  on  tkie  fhore,  pl.'y  by  turns  on 
iTiournful  inrtruments,  with  extravag'.iu 
flirieking  and  howling.  Then  one  of  the 
company  advances  towards  the  widow  of 
the  deceafed,  leads  her  into  the  w.iter,  lays 
her  down  in  it,  on  her  back,  walli^s  iier  all 
over;  andc.dling  the  other  woiiieii  pa.ent, 
they  raife  her  u[',  and  every  one  makes  the 
compliment  ol  condolance.  After  this,  they 
all  go  to  the  deceafed  perlbn's  houfe,  wh,re 
they  leaft  all  tlie  remaining  part  of  tlie 
d.:y,  on  tl'.c  fieih  ot  the  cows  or  fl.eop, 
which  were  befor..-  olTcred  to  their  deities 
as  has  been  laid.  Commonly  .ili  the  giiefts 
conic  aw.iy  very  drunk  .n  night. 

When  a  man  of  note  is  kill-.-.l  in  battl", 
and  thro'  tiic  diftraclion;.  of  war  they  have 
not  the  opportunity  to  fecurc,  hide,  or  bury 
liis  boily,  becaufe  the  funerals  muft  be  pcr- 
loraied  in  their  own  nativ.'  countries,  th.' 
fiid  perfon's  wives  are  all  that  time  in 
nuMirning,  antl  their  heads  fli.iv'<l  ••  and 
when  thuii.'.y  ol  buri.d  is  appointed,  v.hich 
is  lomelinK-s  ten  or  twelve  ye.irs  .ifier  he 
was  killed,  the  funeral  ceremonies  arc  per- 
fornifd  with  the  fimc  poinp  .ind  ftiow,  as 
it  lie  had  died  but  a  lew  days  before,  and 
hi";  wives  renew  the  ir  mourning,  clcanfing 
ami  divfting  iliemfdvei;  .ts  lietorc. 

Whilft  the  wnnien  arc  lamenting  abroac', 
Umtt-  the  iiearelt  r.  lations  fit  by  the  corps  at  home, 
making  a  difmal  noile,wa thing  and  ck  anfiiig 
tliemfelves,  ami  performing  the  oihcr  ufual 
ceremonies:  the  remoter  relations  alfo  af 
femble  from  diftant  places,  to  be  prefent 
at  the  mourning,  or  funeral  rites.  He  that 
is  remifs  or  negligent  m  this  point,  is  liable 


'  1;  .i/(ir 


to  a  great  fine,  unlcfs  he  can  ftiow  very  Ha >•  nor. 
gooJ  nafon  tor  h-s  abfcncc.  'l"he  town's-  '.^V'W 
people  and  acquaintance  come  alfo  to  la- 
ment liim,  each  bringing  his  prefent  of 
gold,  brandy,  fine  cloth,  Iheets,  or  fome 
other  thing  -,  which  they  pretend  is  given 
to  be  carried  to  the  gr.ivewiih  the  corps, 
and  the  greater  prefent  of  this  nature  any 
pcrlbn  makes,  the  more  it  redounds  to  his 
honour. 

All  t!iis  time,  branvly  in  the  morning, jfM///, 
.ind  |i.dni-wine  in  tlie  afternoon,  are  brifkly  i^"--'"/. 
filled  about  to  all  forts  of  p.ojile.  'I'hcy 
drels  the  cori)s  richly,  when  laid  into  the 
coftin,  and  put  in  with  hi:ii  feveral  fine 
clothes,  gold,  idols,  i  i.  ii  corals,  beads,  and 
many  oiher  things  o!  vahie,  for  his  ufe  in 
the  other  wo.  Id  ;  not  uouliting  in  the  leaft, 
but  th.a  he  m.iy  have  ojcdion  i'or  them. 
All  this  is  ilonc  in  pioiiortion  to  what  the 
deceased  perlon  left,  or  tlv.;  .d)ility  of  his 
heirs;  thus  it  is  certain,  tiiac  the  fu:ierals  of 
r;ch  /l\!:ki  arc  extraordinary  chargeable. 

Whilft  thedece.it'ed  isiiying  tlown  in  the 
grave,  a  pared  of  youii;!,  Ibldi-rs  go  or 
run  furw.uds  and  backw.-.rds,  loaJiiiLi;  and 
dilcha'j,i;;g  their  mulketr. ;  tollowed  by  a 
muhitinle  of  peopleof  both  frxes,  without 
..ny  lorder  ;  fume  ol  them  very  filent,  others 
crying  and  ihrieking  as  k)ud  as  they  cm, 
whilll  oMiers  are  laugliitK';  .is  loud.  After 
which  follows  the  tealling  at  the  houlc-  of 
the  deceafed,  as  above  mention'd. 

It  was  the  cufto:n  among  the  ancient  >,f,v„/ 
idiol.iters,  in  thedays  ol  the  prophet y^jv;,';;,',"';?!"". 
0:1  '.  Iiele  occafion.s,  lor  e\ery  perlon  of  the 
to'A;i  to  ni)  iiuo  tlv,-  ho;iic  oi  the  de^'eafedi 
to  niouin,  antl  co;nIoit  tiu.  Iiknds  for  their 
lots,  and  d  ink  tlie  rupol  . onfolation,  Ji-r. 
xvi.  i,  ami  7.  as  alio  10  cat  bie.id,  .uul  to 
tc.ift  with  ft  fti,  lentil',  by  the  rekitions  an-.l 
neighbour.-,  tor  th.'.t  pur|'.ne,  which  cultoin 
w.is  imilaiid  by  the  .//.(.//.'•,  and  lor  lb 
doin^r,  the  prophet  levcixly  :\[ircvcd  tlieni, 
by  (io.i's  lpe(i.d  comnvuv.i. 


In  z  S,,,r 


.J  ll  e  the  grievous  and 


l.arned   comiil.iini;  D.tr'ui  m.uie    uptin  the , 
untimely  death  ol  .//)/;/•;•;  .md  in  Dcut.  xxxiv. 
how  all  [viul  mourn'd.  tliirty  days,  for  the 
death  of  A//,/,'j. 

When  ,1  king  di'";,  all  the  people  exprefs  i,,,,/^  ^r 
their  lotrow  in  the  fime  manner,  as  hast//yj. 
been  faid  10  be  done  to  great  men  ;  and  the 
fame  ceremonies,  or  more,  are  tiled  towards 
him,  even  to  ilrelling  of  meat  for  him,  all 
the  tin-.e  the  corps  lies  in  date,  to  he  fecn 
by  the  people. 

In  fome  countries,  on  the  day  appointed  juiritd  in 
for  the  funeral  of  .1  king,  the  prime  menf^'""'" 
of  the  country  caule  the  corps  to  be  carried  f '*"''' 
by  Haves  into  ibme  remote  part  ot   a  thick 
wood,  unknown  to  all  the  people,  according 
to  the  conftitutions  of  the  place  •,  but  every 
man  is  allowed  to  bring   his  prefent  to  a 

certain 


:-m:'f 


5!!ii;,'i 


C'    -1 


:•' ;,r 


\- ,  ^ 


If'l 


% 


\h 


¥  m 


mm 


f . 


%  ?^^ 


284 


.  A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  III 


.\'..>:e<  [a. 
(.rijicej 


BAnnoT.  certain  pUce  appoinceil,  in  the  fame  wcoti, 

"^^"^  where  fomc  men  are  piiiced  to  rfceive,  ami 

carry  them  thence  to  tiie  grave  to  be  there 

burial  with  the  corps. 

jtnrhnt         TIlis  cultoiii  is  loMiewhat  liite  tlie  prac- 

iuryhi  cif  cice  of  the  ealkrn  nations,  in  ancient  times, 

treajurt.    jg  p^^  g^ojs,  ami  even  trealurcs  into  graves ; 

as  appears  by  what  Jojephus  writes ot  kin^ 

Solomon,  anil  the  oblequies  ot  his  father  Di(- 

vid,  LUi.v'n.  Clip.  12    King  6't//tf«/o«  buried 

liim  in  Jeriifiilt'in,  with  fiich  magniticence, 

that  biTkks  the  other  ceremonies  praiitifcd 

at  the  Kmerals  of  icings,  he  caiiic'd  iniiiienle 

wealth  to  be  laid  up  in  iiis  tomb  :  tor  one 

thoufand   tiiree  luiniired  years  alter,  when 

.'li!:iO(.b:ii,  lurnam'd   the  religious,    liju    to 

DiDhiriii.',  laid  liege  to  7(77//,i/c';«,  Utnitiw^, 

the  liigh-priell,  wanting  a  llim  of  money, 

to  prevail  on  him  to  raile  the  liege,  cauled 

Ddiiii'i  tomb  to   be  ojX'ned,  aiul  tooK  out 

from  thcnLc  three  thoufand  tahnts  pan  of 

wl'.ich  he  i',,'.ve  to  the  laid  Aiit't'icljus.   Again, 

long  atiei  this,  kir.g //tvW  took  out  a  very 

great  fum  of  money,  from  another  part  of 

D.iv:d'f.  fei/uichre,   where    that  valf  treallire 

had  been  laid  up.     Butthceoffin,  in  which 

the  king's  alhes  l.iy,  was  never  touched,  as 

liaving   been  lij  lately  hid    under  ground, 

that  it  could  not  be  found. 

Uefuies    the     prelenis  above-nieniioned, 
made  at  tunerals,  of  eatables,  gold,  coral, 
ISi.  m.iiiy  llaves  arc  given,  or  Ibid,  being 
fuch  as  are   part  their  labour,  through  age, 
or  otherwil'e   difabled,  and  to  be  laciiheed 
upon  thole  occafions  •,    being  all  barbaroufly 
flaugluered,    and    burieil   with    the    royal 
corps,  fometimes  to  the  number  of  ("even ty 
or  eighty  ol   both  icxes,  and  all  ages  ;  be- 
iides  leveral  ot  his  own  flaves,  to  llrve  him 
in  the  other  world  :  rs  are  alio  the  H;ffum5, 
or  wives,  he,  during  his  life-time,  dedicated 
to  his  fdle  deity,  as  alfo  one  of  liis  princi- 
pal ftrvaiits. 
The  -Zri/uinof  C/!)(;m  obferve  this  cull om 
thurwnis\\'\\Qr\   MV!   ol    them  dies,    that  »ine   ot  his 
'^''"' "'"'^  wives  mull  hang  herfelf,  to  bear  himcom- 
"""'        pany  in  that  journey.     The  C/.iiiiJe  have  the 
lame  cullom,  but  it  is  not  lb  common,  nor 
ap[)rovetl  and  received  by  their  philolopher. 
A  viceroy  ot  Canton,  being  near  his  de.ith, 
c.dled  the    concubine  he   lov'd    beff,    and 
putting   her  in  mind  of  the  afieftion  he  had 
borne  her,  liefircd  (he  would  bear  him  eoin- 
pany  ;    Ihe   promifed,  and,  as  foon  as  he 
was  dead,  hanged  herfelf. 

To  return  to  the  Blacks,  'tis  a  mofl: 
wretched  fpeftacle  to  fee  thole  poor  wretches 
killed  i  tor  what  with  piercing,  hacking, 
and  tormenting,  they  endure  a  thoufand 
deaths  inftead  of  one.  Some  of  them, 
after  having  endured  many  exquifitc  tor- 
ments, are  delivered  to  a  child  of  fix  years 
of  age,  who  is  to  cut  off  their  heads,  and 
may  be  an  hour  in  doing  it,  not  being  able 


Tarr.; 


Cruel 

Jcnthi, 


to  manage  the  cutlacc.  Others  have  bein 
fliutupalivc  in  hollow  trees,  and  continued 
tlicre  leveral  days  before  they  expired. 

At  other  places,  as  in /•^'.'/^  the  wretch //ir;,.. 
deftined  to  be  ficrificed  is  made  to  drink 
abundance  of  palm-wine,  and  to  dance  ; 
every  one  that  will,  at  the  fame  time,  llrikmi; 
or  |)ul];ing  him.  At  l.iil,  lie  is  thrown 
down,  with  his  face  on  llu- land,  andwiie- 
thcr  th't  (lilies  him  or  not,  1  .un  igiiorant, 
but  they  fall  on  him,  full  cutting  otl'  liis 
leg',  bjlow  the  knies,  ,iiul  atterwards  Iun 
arms  below  the  elbows  1  then  his  tliighs. 
.ind  his  .irms  at  the  nioulders,  and  l.iill'; 
his  he.ul. 

In  other  places  again,  iliofe  who  wilj.f.  . 
prefent  their  de.id  king,  cv  other  emiiu'iit"  '" 
perlbn,  with  (l.ives,  to  wait  on  them  in  the 
grave,  pradtife  a  more  tolerable  inhuin.uiity 
111  their  execution  ;  h)r  they  either  watdi 
an  opportunity  to  kill  the  fl.ive,  when  l,e 
thinks  nothing  ot  it,  with  their  javelins,  ,ij 
he  turns  his  back  ;  or  elfe  the  maderllnils 
him  on  fome  pretence  to  a  place  where  nun 
lie  hid  to  murder  him,  and  carry  his  corps 
to  the  houle  of  the  pcrfon  deceafed,  01  to 
the  grave,  to  be  buried  with  him. 

However,  thcfe  human  facrifices  arc  not;/.vmj,j. 
now  .iltogether  lb  nuKh  in  ufe  among  the"''''"  ?>■ 
Blacki,  who  are  fubjecl  to  the  Eiirojcan  go-t'"-'''' t 
vernmcnr,  as  with  thole  who  live  more  re-     °''''°'' 
mote  from  the  coall.     The  7>//i/j  particu- 
larly, where  they  have  any  authority,  will 
not  permit   them  ;    but  the    fuperilitious 
Blacki  will  remove  privately  to  other  places, 
in  order  to  perpetr.itc  this  barbarity. 

In  fome  countries  they  keep  the  body  n;'s..i."  ;.,, 
a  dead  king,  or  other  great  m.in,  a  win il'.' '■'■'' 
year  before  they  bury  it,  and  to  prevent 
corruption,  they  lay  the  corps  on  a  woodvn 
frame,  like  a  gridiron,  which  they  li;t  ov;-r  .1 
gentle  cle.ir  (ire,  v. Inch  dries  it  up  by  de- 
grees. Others  bury  ilieir  liead  irivatclv 
in  their  own  houlis,  giving  out  mat  tluv 
preferve  the  corps  in  the  lame  manii.r  as.;  ■ 
lurefaid,  till  a  ht  time  to  have  the  I'uner.i! 
(blcmnly  performcii. 

In  other  places,  when  the  day  draws  lu'arc.-'.vj;;.. 
for  the  folemn  interring  ol  a  king,  juibliek ".'■'■''" 
notice  thereof  is  given,  not  only  to  the  peo- 
ple of  his  own  nation,  but  to  others  ruuiid 
about,  which  occa(K)iis  fuch  a  vitl  cu;i- 
courli',  as  is  very  furpri/ing,  all  perfonsbe 
ing  curious  to  lee  the  (blemnity,  all  ol  them 
as  richly  drefTed  ;'S  they  can  afford  ;  lb  thii 
then  more  gallantry  may  be  leen  in  one  day, 
than  at  other  times  in  leveral  years ;  and  ii 
is  indeed  very  well  worth  the  feeing. 

I  will  conclude  this  long  account  of  fu- 
neral ceremonies,  with  two  or  three  ob- 
fervations  -,  the  firft,  as  I  was  told,  by  the 
Englijh  agent  general  at  cape  Co>fo  ;  that  be- 
ing himfelf  prefent  at  the  obfequies  of  a  no- 
table deceafed  negroc  woman  of  the  place, 

the 


Chap.  2.^.        Coafls  f?/ South-Guinea. 


z8? 


rs,  and  l.itlU' 


\,.„i. 


the  forccrcr,  or  pricft,    m.uic  a  patlietick 
Ipeech   to  tlic  company  there  prcfent,  cx- 
liorting  them  all  to  hve  well  ;  to  hurt  or 
ciulc  tiamagt     ->  no  perfon  :     to  be  viry 
f(.|jirious  obll-rvers    rf-  thtir    promilVs  and 
contract'',  and  a  deal  more  ot  fuch  mora- 
lity; after  whicli,  he  made  the  panegyrickot' 
the  decealitl  woman,  and  ended  the  cere- 
niony,  by  throwing  on  the  grounii  a  long 
firing  of  (heejis  jaws,    threaded  together, 
liolding  one  eiul  thereol  by  one  hand,  and 
crv'd;'i"tid,  Da  yc  all  as  the  deceofcd ;  do  ^e 
iinil'il-  i^^''  1  .Z^''  ''*""  "'■'^''1  cariful,  during  ibe 
■ivho'e  cmrfe  of  her  life,  to  i:oiifci.raie ^^rfut  nuni- 
hffi  of  f'.'Cep,  OH  occijimn  ot  thii  mil  lire  \  as 
tbffc  jauisdofiiificienllytejUfyi.     Thus  many 
ot  iht  peojjle    there    pretent,  were  moveil 
tn  give  each  a  lht:ep  •,    the  ageni    hinilMt 
not  exiepteil :   moll  o\  which  did  turn  to  the 
iTolu  ot  the  crafty   priclh 

Tlic  leiond  is,  that  at  //xim,  Minn,  .uld 
fome  other  places  ;  they  let  up  Icveral  ear- 
tlicn  iignres  or  images,  on  the  graves,  as 
1  obierved  it  at  Miiui,  being  I'mall  muilb- 
leiinis  girnilh'd  with  many  pupiiets  ot'  an- 
tick.  taniailical  forms,  or  liguresot  men  and 
womeus  painted  in  various  colours,  and  all 
over  garnilh'd  with  coral  and  idols,  whieii  are 
wadv'd  a  y.ar  after  the  burial,  when  they  re- 
n-w  the  funeral  ceremonies,  in  as  expenlive 
a  niuiner  as  at  the  inttr'.nent  •,  and,  as  the 
hutd-s  lay,  more  Haves  of  both  fexcs  are  a- 
trelh  lacriiiied,  in  the  fmie  b.rbarous way, 
;is  !ias  been  mention'd  already. 

'Ihe  gr.ivfs  which  I  law  at  Alir.n,  upon 
the  road  ro  S(.  Ia^'j';-h::!,  were  thofe  of 
ijrnK  liriijfo' s  .ii\d  other  ofiicers  of  the  town, 
amongll  whom  was  alio  tf.at  ot  a  near  rela- 
tion of  the  king  of  F.  Ill,  which  was  adorned 
wirh  t'lirty  or  mtjre  figures  of  human  kind, 
tacli  let  uj)  (jn  a  jioll  in  a  temit  ircle,  in  the 
center  whereof,  .vere  le-.cral  idols  eiiiom- 
|i.;lVel  with  pots  of  palm- wine,  and  dillie^ 
of  ni'.at,  rovereii  with  orauciKS  aivl  haves 
(.t  ihe  confecr ttttl  tree. 

In  o'hcr  parto,  the  Bla-ks  Innld  little  Inns 
(If  lO'il'  over  the  grave,  to  cover  thi'm 
liiiin  li'.e  weatlier,  ami  let  up  a  long  poll  or 


javelin,  at  one  end  of  tlKm,  to  which  they  Baiuiot- 
hang  fome  of  the  deceafed's    clothes,    iiis  ^•^V^' 
bow  and  quiver,  his  fword,  i^c.  a  cullom 
pradifed  in  former  ages  by  the  Styibians, 
and  Great  T,nt.irs,  at  the  funerals  of  their 
kings,  as  we  find  in  hiflory.     The    'Tartars 
befides  ufed  many   great  barbarities  at  their 
funerals,  and  among  the  rell,  to  flrangleyf„r,>nf 
the  moll  beloved  wife  of  the  deceafed  mon-  t.irb»ti- 
arch  near  the  grave,  with  his  g'oom  of  the""' 
chamber,  a  cook,  a  butler,  a  poflillion,  a 
ferjcant,  and  a  mule-driver,  all  thele  being 
allowed  but  one  horfe  to  car  ■•  their  baggage 
ro  the  grave  :  th  •  horfe  was  there  likewife 
killetl,  with  thofe  poor  wretches,    and  all 
together   put  into  the  i4ra\'e  bv  the  corps 
of  the  deceafed  prince,  with  his  plate  and 
mcll  ccillly  houflKiKl  goods  and  jewels,  to 
ferve  uid  wait  on  him  in  the  oilier  lite. 

'V\vi  S.yilunis,  btfide-,  at  the  end  of  the 
ye.ir,  made  the  like  fvrvice  to  the  deceafed 
king,  llrangling  filiy  of  li  is  officers,  allot 
noble  race  an. 1  tree  men,  with  a  like  num- 
ber of  horfes  1  and  taking;  out  the  entrails 
of  the  llrangled  men  and  bealK,  f.tlneil 
tiicm  .ill  roiiml  the  g.rave,  covered  with 
tlo.iks,  .ind  on  the  ho:il\  back,  which  liom 
a  tlill.ince  appiared  h  tliat  equigage,  as  a 
troop  of  horle  let  up  f.r  the  guard  of  the 
deceafed  king.  lid.  i'latcs,  Emrins,  and 
PrindpaUtici  of  the  ivui Id.  By  jf).  7'.  I'.  ) '. 
in  Friik/j,  p.  Hi  J,  814. 

The  thiril  obfervation  is,  that  the  fl.',7iZ-,>,  !'"'^.'*5  . 

II  .-111-  /■       I       r    1        '"'""•   " 

as  1  have  l.ud  oeiore,  are  very  lond  ot  be-  ,/;„> 
ing  buried  in  their  own  country;  lb  that  iffCHnf7. 
any  one  dies  out  of  it,  they  frequenty  bring 
liis  corps  home  to  be  interred  there  :  and 
it  he  have  any  triends  or  acquaintance  tiiere, 
they  cut  olf  his  head,  one  arm,  and  one 
leg,  which  they  cleanfe,  boil,  .uid  r.jrry 
!()  his  ii.itivc  countrv,  v.  here  they  are  buried 
with  the  ufu.d  foleir.niiy,  according  to  their 
ability. 

At  the  town  of  /Iquaffnu,  in  the  country  a?"*'"/'!- 
of  /•;•///,    well  of  c.ipe   C'rfo,  is  ,1  peculiar./'*'^"  "! 
market,  tor  buying  and  felling  of  Haves,  ^tcrff"^'' 
be  lacriliced  in  honour  of  great  perlbns  de- 
ccalijd. 


m 


M' 


:  Hi 


mm 


others  ruuiul 


C   M   A    P.     XXIII. 

Kirit^rlo'is  and  cnmmon-'-.icalihs  at  the  Gold  Coaft.  Election  of  kings.  En- 
ihrouirii!:  thvt.:.  "'Jipjijjion  concerning  labour.  'Polygamy.  Great  officers. 
I 'lilting.     Eealh.     Covetoiifiufs.     IVars  and  treaties. 


KiM.DO.MS    aiul   Co'lMON-WiAI-TiiS. 

S  toon  as  the  funcr.d  (jf  a  dcceat'ed  king 
over,  the  people  proceed  to  lubfti- 
tute  another,  aceording  to  tlie  laws  ot  the 
find.  Belbre  I  enter  upon  this  fubjed,  it 
is  to  be  obferved,  that  the  feveral  ibrts  oi 
gow  rnmenc  among  the  Bl<u  in,  at  the  Gold 
Co.i'l,  are  either  monarchial  or  republican. 
Vol..  V. 


Commendo,  Fttii,  Sabo(\  Acra,  and  others, 
arc  governed   either  by  hereditary  or  elec- 
tive  kings.      Axitn,    Aula,  Fantin,  Acron, 
and   others,  arc  common-wealths.     I  fiiall;,,,,,^;^, 
next  treat  of  the  eledlive  kings,  how  i\\ty govern 
are  inllalled,    their  authority,  prerogative, >"'»' 
isc.  but  murt  firft  take  notice,  that  the  two 
coiiimon-wealthsof  ^:/*/«  and  yi/«/ii  fiiern  to 
D  d  d  d  be 


,  <*■  ■ 


\:\ 


i'l 


li:!! 


Vv 


1  ! 


i 


-'■^■' 


ii  f 


tr 


Hii; 


iiiii:- 


MM 


1^6 

Baubot. 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  III.  I  Chap. 


be  the  moft  regular,  cither  ,\t  tin-  coaiV,  or 
tlie  inlarui  i  tlio'  in  gincr.il  it  ni.iy  be  I'.iiil, 
that  thr  jniblikk  adniiiiillr.uion  of  allairs 
anionRthi'  fi/rtivj  isroamtiilaland  irrtj^iil.ir, 
that  thiTC  is  llarce  any  {omprfiunilmy, 
much  ids  giving  a  goo^l  tlellriptionot  it. 

I'.I.El'TlON    (if  KiNC.S. 

TO  come  to  tiie  mon.irchial  govern 
mcnt,  I  have  before obllrvcil,  that  the 
Bliickf,  b.iore  the  coming  of  tiu-  /i/iro/v.;;; , 
gave  the  title  of  captains  or  eommaniiir:. 
to  their  chief'  rulers,  anil  not  tliatot  kings. 
But  tiiis  matters  not,  for  it  iswtll  known, 
that  the  title  now  uful,  ofemi>(.ror,  tor  a 
fovcreii^n,  was  die  lmlt>ii:or  u\  liie  l<.'inat:>, 
wiiicii  lignityM  nt>  more  ihan  a  gimral, 
or  comm.mJor.  'I'liole  grc.it  ofliccrs  have 
often  been  the  loundcrs  ot  moii.irchis-s  aiul 
it  fignifies  not  by  wli.it  n.ime  a  prime  is 
calleil  in  every  country,  when  v.e  know  lie 
is  the  fovenign.  The  lldiit,  or  Chain  ol 
'■rart.iry  imports  u  |or<l,  and  he  i>  their 
nion.ircli.  The  .uui;iit  M.ih'imct.vi  Cii':', 
which  word  iiiii^jris  no  more  than  vi /.ir, 
or  fuccclTor,  w.is  the  Ibvcrcign  of  thole 
people  1  and  the  prefent  -Turk'nh  monarch  is 
called  their  SL.taii,  the  natural  fi[.'nilication 
ot  it  beint^  Ion!,  or  nialUr.  Miiih  more 
might  be  fiid  on  this  fubjtd,  but  this  may 
(lilHce  to  Ihow  that  the  nanus  givi'n  by  fe- 
veral  nations  do  not  .liter  the  prop  rty  of 
the  thing,  and  it  is  fufluient  that  we  know 
tliey  mean  by  them  their  moiuirchs  and.  lo- 
vcreigns. 

In  the  cle<5live  Uingtloms,  i!ie  brother, 
or  for  want  of  fuch,  the  nearcll  male  re- 
lation, is  generally  promoted  to  the  royal 
iligniiv,  except  at  Sa'oe,  where  none  ot 
tiie  ilece.ifed  kin^^'s  relations  are  adniitced, 
but  li)me  ll ranger  called  to  the  crown,  of 
llie  royal  tamilv  of  any  neighbouring  coun- 
try. In  I'tlu  they  will  a!lo  foiiK  times 
break  througli  the  conllituiion,  or  (om- 
mon  cullom,  and  elcft  a  I'uhi'cc  no  w.iy 
related  to  the  lalt  king  -,  piovidetl  the  per- 
1^11  lb  chofen  has  power,  as  they  fiy,  to 
ilo  wh.it  he  pleales,  and  they  cxn  ilo  no- 
thing a;',.unft  him:  i\k  H'lUki  having  ac.in- 
teit,  that  fome  men  among  them  are  blcf- 
i'ed  with  fuch  extraordinary  gifcs  and  pre- 
rogatives by  their  ileities,  that  they  are 
capable  of  doing  things  beyomi  the  com- 
mon courfe  of  nature. 

At  Am  and  lau,  the  Falaira,  or  c.ip- 
tain  ol  llie  guaitls  to  the  precedent  king, 
is  often  [)itehed  upon  to  fucceed  him. 

E  N  T  M  R  O  N  I  N  O    c/  K  I  N  t!  S. 

'TP  H  I'lS  !■'.  eledions  are  not  followed  by 
pompous  ceremonies,  coronations,  or 
coronation-oaths.  On  the  day  apiH)inted 
RijiUing  for  declaring  the  new  Ibvercign,  the  per» 
fon  lb  promoted  is  taken  out  of  the  houfe, 
wiiere  he  iiiid  been  confined  fince  the  death 


Stier/il 
fort!  cf 
rinlioni. 


Rtftid 
Of  the 
fUflt. 


of  his  prcikreffor,  anil  Ihown  to  the  peo- 

p'e,  .Utended  by  all  the  prime  men  of  ihc 
country,  .uid  .ibundance  of  the  inferior  Ibri, 
and  lomi times  they  c.irry  liim  throughout 
all  hisi'iominions  ■,  iluriiig  whicii  time  all  tlu- 
IpeCtators  cxprcfs  their  joy  in  the  tnoll  ll-r 
nal  manner  they  are  able,  by  i!ancin>', 
Ihouting,  and  the  like.  When  come  to  tlie- 
houfe  or  pal.ice  of  iiis  predicell()r,  and  le.u. 
ed  on  his  ch.iir  or  tliroiie,  thty  proclaim 
him  by  his  n.ime,  and  then  the  prielU  t.ill 
to  making  of  new  idols,  and  mighty  utt'r 
ingsio  thenij  after  which,  they  put  Jiini  i.i 
1  olledion  of  all  the  goods  and  treafure  whieli 
belonged  to  the  ilecealld  king. 

1  hen  the  new  king's  wives  and  chiklreii, , 
il  he  h.is  any,  are  conduifVed  to  the  palace, »„'„ 
and    put    into   their    proper    apartments  ; 
whence  the  women  ,ire  not  to  go  abro.ul 
a-loot  .my  more,  but  Lieianied  in  h.immocks 
by  ll.ues,  appointed  for  tliat  lerviee. 

Oil  tiie  in.iuguratioi'.-d.iy,  the  king  is  ob- 
liged to  m.ike  lonfiderable  giits  to  the  peo- 
ple, and  to  entertain  them  for  cighr  ilavs 
tlucefiivily,  during  which  time  the  nei.;li- 
bouriiig  kings,  and  the  chiefs  of  the  l.uy,. 
[(JH  loits,  fend  mellengei-s  or  emb.iHadors 
to  con:',r,itul.ite  him  u[>on  his  accc  n",on  to 
tlie  crown,  and  to  deliver  their  prelents  ; 
alter  which,  they  go  themlclvcs  in  perfon  to 
vifit  and  compliment  him. 

If  there  h.ippin  to  be  two  compctitorsf-jm;,.-;. 
fet  up  at  once,  each  of  them,  to  bind  his'>^'. 
followers  to  him,  obliges  them  to  t.ike  .iii 
null  of  allegi.ince.  Unlefs  this  fall  out,  .'11 
things  are  clone  with  much  cafe,  liimc  ollir- 
ings  being  made,  as  is  ulual  upon  all  lb. 
lemn  oec  .ifions. 

When  the  tew  ceremonies  and  the  feail-r«ii'jr,( 
ing  ot  the  piocl.imation  are  over,  the  new ".?'•''■•'• 
king  app.lies  liimlelf  to  the  government,  ci- 
ther cunfiiiniiig  or  uifeh.irging  the  o(iice:s 
that  ferved  under  his  piedecillbr  ;  and  tor 
the  moll  jvirt,  tlieie,  .is  is  iifu.d  in  .ill  otiier 
p.'.rts  of  file  worl.i,  iip.on  the  ilevoKiiion  of 
crowns  he  puts  niany  into  olhces,  to  pro- 
mote hi^  own  triends  and  adherents,  only 
taking  c.ire  to  continue  lome  of  thole,  who 
h.id  the  grcatell  intereft  witi)  his  predcullor, 
and  are  moil:  in  efteem  among  ttie  peopl;, 
for  fear  of  alien.iting  the  minds  of  liis  fub- 
jects,  but  rather  to  gain  their  atlcition  and 
applaufe -,  .ilw.iy.  endeavouring  to  be  very 
popular,  and  exereifing  much  liberality, 
particularly  tow.inis  tiie  wives  and  cliildreii 
of  the  predeeeiTor,  to  whom  fome  will  le- 
llorc  part  ot  his  goods  and  treafure,  ami 
marry  the  lem.des  to  men  of  note,  and  be- 
llow confiderable  places  on  the  m.iles. 

The  king  is  ablolute  matter  of  his  domi-^iji,,,, 
nions,  and   of  tlie  perlbns  of  his  fubiech,?'"'"- 
and  whofoever  dares  dilobey  his  conimaniis, 
hipfo  fivlo,  for  ever,  rendered  incapable  of 
any  employment,  cither  military  or  civil. 

Tliey 


Book  III.  I  Chap.  23.        Coap  o/South-Guikea. 


287 


0  the  pfo- 

min  ot  ilic 
itcrior  Ion, 
throuiilioui 
time  all  till- 
c  moil  fij; 
»■    liancinj;, 
•omi'  to  the 
•,  am.1  I'cu- 
V   pioi.lai:n 
'pridU  l.ill 
liyhty  otir 
:  put  lii'.n  ill 
lmIuix'  wliitii 

ndchildmi,,,^,^^. 

)    tllC  p.ll.lLC,»m„ 

(p.'.nmcius  ; 

go  .ibro.nl 

11  li.unmotks 

LTVltl'. 

c  kiny;  is  ol). 

i  to    CIR'  iHCl- 

ir  ti^ln  il.iys 
nc  the  iu'i,;ii- 
ot"  the  !.!(>■:. 
■  (jmLxilT.idors 
aicduon  to 
t-'ir  prck-nts  •, 
:s  in  pcrlon  to 

1  competitors (■«„;,;;. 
1,  to  biiiil  his'-"- 

m  to  t.iki-  .111 
[stall  out,  .ill 

,  lomc  ollir- 

upon  all  ib- 

ind  the  llall- r»tif'iri 
|)\cr,  tli;:  neW-v''''-'- 
■Lrnmcnr,  ti- 

tiif  (iliia'is 
IV.ir  ;  and  lor 
],d  in  .ill  DtikT 
IdcvoKitioii  oi 
Jiccs,  to  pro- 
ihcrents,  only 
l)t' thole,  who 
Is  prcdc-ullor, 
tilt  peoplv, 

I  of  his  I'ub- 
Lni-ition  and 
Ig  to  be  very 

h    liberality, 

land  children 

Ionic  will  re- 

tre.d'ure,  .iiid 

|otc,  and  be- 

,  m.des. 

lot  his  doini-wijiw 
his  rubjeds.fi"' 

|s  commaniis, 
incapable  oi 
ry  or  civil. 
'I'hey 


They  have  the  full  power  of  peace  and  of  the  prime  men,  never  fail  to  collcft  foB.AtiBoT. 

w.ir,  without  any  controiil  on  any  account,  well  for  themlclves,  iliat  little  remains  for  l^W^ 

It  they  arc  generous  and  courteous  towards  the  king.      VVjicn  all  this  fal's  iliort,  ioiiv 

tlieir    I'ubjiifh,    they  pay  them  all  honour  oi' tluni  will  le\y  exorbii.int   fine'!,  without 

and  lubmill'ion  i  but  however,  if  they  prove  any  juilicc,  on  inch  ol  their  liibi(c1s  as  are 

otherwiie,    they  incur  much   ill   will,  and  able  to  p.w  tluiii  ;  but  others  alii)  r.ither 

meet  with  oppol'ers;  tliole  people  alledging,  than  thus  lo  link  the   Iweat  and  blood  of 

it  docs  not  become  a  perion,  on  whom  all  the  people,  will  llnve  to  live  by  their  own, 

the  nation  depends,   to  be   covetous,    and  and  the   l.ibour  ot   their  (lives:  lor  which 

only  iUidy  to  heap  up  we.iltli.     In  this  cafe  reaibn,  thole  kings  whoiiavc  but  few  flivcs 

tiny  have  been  I'omctimes  known  to  pro-  are  not  rich  or  potent. 

iced  lo  far  as  to  ilepofe   them  •,  whcre.is  it         The  coiuiition  ot  I'oiiieoi  tl,ci!e  l.m^s  isTivrt/'ij; 

they  prove  otherwile,    thole  people  never  fo  iincert.iin  and  piecarioiis,  ih.it  t'ley  li.ivc 

telle  extolling  the  magnanimity  and  gene-  lomctinies  been  leilnced  lo  low,  as  to  want 

rofiiy  ot   tlieir  princes,    elpecially   it  they  both  money  ami  credit  tn  ;v  t  a  c|uarc  ot 

,  .f.iricuiently  treat  them  with  palm-wine  .ind  palm-wine    to    treat    their  vilitants  ;    and 

('"''  '1       ,'      a' 1 1  "  


/,"i,l      Other  llrong  hquors  and  provifions ;  which     their  children,  as  loon  as  giown  up  .ire  ot- 

len  iorced  to  plow,  and  draw  p.ilm-wine, 
carrying  it  thcmlelve.s  to  m.irket  to  fell. 
hlCuiiunculc,  tluy  are  put  into  Ionic  con- 
lideralde  polls,  and  ollu  es,  and  even  info 
that  ol  l\'i\iii\t,  or  captain  ot  the  gii.iiiU, 
and  liy  th.it  means  loine  ariivi:  to  liicceed 
in  their  father's  digni'.y.     I  was  thcie  told. 


puts  them  lo  great  expences,  thole  people 
iu'ver  confidering  that  liich  prodigalities 
lontiiaiallv  pait  their  lovereigns  upon  leeL- 
ing  means  to  iiureafe  their  revenues,  by 
ihw  duties  .iiid  iir.i-oiitions ;  thcfe  kings 
having  little  or  nothing  ot  their  own,  befides 
what  was  left  by  tiie  tornier, which  iometinies 
is  not  very  confuler.ible  it  is  perhap^s  the 
(.onfuleration   ot  this  gie.it  charge,  which 


TIIF,  revenues  of  kings  generally   aril'e 
tlieic  troni  t.ixes  l.iid  on  the  p.  o[)le,  as 


thai  the  lame  was  pracHii.d  ac  ./ii\i,  l\-iu, 
i'aittiu,  and  other  coiintries,\vlieie  they  either 
moves  Ibme  ot  thole  who  might  be  cholVn  had  commands  in  ilie  .irmy,  or  were  m.ule 
ill  courle,  according  to  the  cullom  ot  the  governours  of  towns,  or  collectors  of  the 
country,  to  relimiuilli  their  right  ;  chilling  revenues.  Others  are  alio  deliveiid  up  .\firhtir  hi.> 
i.ither  to  live  private,  th.m  be  obliged  lo  hotlages  in  the  /I'.iiropr.i)!  forts,  for  the  fe- 
be  lo  cxpenii\c  in  treating  ot  their  tub-  curity  of  thole  places,  which  pay  yearly 
iccls.  acknowletlginents   lor    the    liberty    given 

them,   ot   being  contiiuied  in  thok  donii- 
R  r.  V  E  N  I-  E  s.  nions.     Others  are  hollages  to  neighbour- 

ing princes  or  coinmon-wealihs,  tor  per- 
formance ot  convi  in  ions  and  treari.s;  and 
ill  otliir  parts-,   lines  and  loiilile.itions  lor    thole  places  are  profitable  to  ihein,  tl.roiirdi 
otfenas  ■,  duties  upon  goods  palling  through     thepreUnts  then   m.ule   them.     Such  alio 
tiu-ir  (Oimtries    and   the    hire  they  receive     ol   ihc  chikircn  of  tliole  kings  as  are  breil 
lor  .drilling  their  neighbours    in  war,  and     to  tr.ule,  arecxempte.l  from  all  duties-,  and 
iseiuiie  A;('(/'.i/'/coiiiniaiKlersoii  the  coalt,     thus   tVom   hiisbandinen,    lliepherds,    nier- 
moll  of  that  money  falling  to  the  fovereigni     chants,  potters,  and  miny    Uuh   like  ein- 
uho,  wlicn  It  is  received,  will  not  be  o\er-     ployments,  they  are  iVeiinently  railed  to  t!ie 
lolheitous  whether  the  promifed  aid  be  rea-     throne-,  nay,  tome   of  them   from  lervin"- 
I'v  at  the  time  .ippointed  or  not:   tor  when     the  liuroiran  tailors  or  .igeiits  in  th.e  f.-ris, 
1,-s  turn  is  Itrved,  he  is  never  wiJvJUt  Ibme     in  no  better  cajiaiity  tli.m   loot-boys:  for 
j'!.  ufible  e:-:cule  lor  his  breaJi  of  promile,     which   realbn,  the  me.inell  of  thole  Etin- 
iMiig  lb  fiibtle  in  this  particular,  that  they     jriui  faclors  on  the  Coil  Cs,|//,  values  him- 
\:.\\  often  deceive  thole  who  ,ire  moil  upon     ielf  above  any  of  thole  kings. 
;lii-ir  guanl.     We  hive  leen  enough  ot  Inch         The  daughters  of  kings  are  not  cxcmjited  ^''^''"' 
practices  among  ourfelves,  not  to  find  fault     from  putting  their  hands  to  the  plow  upon'''"'-^'"'' 
v.iih  the  llih'si  lor  the  l.imc.  oecalion,  and  Ibme  of  them  let  up  tor  pub- 

,\notlier  method    they  have    of  getting     lick  h.irlots,  to  m.iip'iin  themlelves  in  lome 
!;okl,  which  they  arc  very  loud  of,  is   by     Ibrt.     Others    are  married    whilil    young, 

without  the  lealt  regard  to  their  royal  de- 
I'cent  -,  every  perfon  there  being  allowed  a 
liberty  of  choice,  and  a  match  between  a 
king's  daughter  and  a  Have,  being  thought 


iKingcholirn  mediators  betwixt  lontending 
natums  -,    becaule  then,  like  lawyers,  they 
litiii  '/  receive  Ices  on  both  fides,  and  endeavouring 
livi.w.  to  keep  the  breach  ojK'n  as  long  as  polli 


ble,  ilill  draw  more  trom  each  party.  Were  nodifproportion  i  but  fomething  better  than 

it  not  lor  ibme  of  thel'e  extr.iordinary  ways  for  a  king's  Ion  to  marry  a  woman-fiavc, 

of  raifing  money,  to  delr.iy  the  great  ex-  as  tVeqiiently  happens, 

pences  they  are  liable  to,   it  would  be  hard  It   .,iil    feem  ilrange,    as  the    world  i? 

for  them  to  lubfill ;  bccaufe  the  colleftors  now  governed,  to  hear  of  kings  labouring 

of  the  conllanc  revenues,  being  always  lome  with  their  own  hands,    at  plowing,  reap- 
ing 


M. 


:,1- 


'■1  .;■ 


288 


A  Defer ipti on  of  the 


Book  III 


J|I|P|: 


BAmioT.iiii;  anil  other  fcrvilo  cnu'lDymcnts,  lor  tlif 
^1^/'^' ni.iintf  n.uicc  ot  liimUll  .iiul  f.inuly,  iiul 
ttnf'  '*  hischildnn,  umler  the  liinic  h.irillhij'S,  awl 
iii.irryiiiii;  To  muih  briow  their  rank  ; 
but  it  we  flioiiKI  iinaKinc  to  ourrdves  a 
(ountry,  wIuti- ihc.  ililurcnci' ol  lorvlitions 
were  not  lo  niikh  r  ■p.anliil  as  anionj^  ii"!, 
and  wIrmc  iioliility  ilui  not  conlWt  in  do- 
ing notliiiit;,  tliok  things  would  .ippcar 
nion-  natuial.  It  will  be  lu-rdjcrs  to  have 
r(<our(V  to  Pl.iio'f,  imaginary  conimon- 
Wf.ilih,  for  fuel)  a  country,  lor  lb  rlic  grca- 
tcll  part  ol  the  wotid  livrii  lor  many  ages  •, 
If)  livi'il  tJK-  ancient  (In-fia  and  Rvinars. 
Ihvicr  tell,  us  of  king',  .md  i^rinrc.,  who 
lived  b)  the  labour  ol  their  hamls  ,  it  is 
true,  he  was  a  poet :  but  the  k  ripture  Ihows 
that  tiie  greatell  men  plai(d  their  cliielill: 
wealth  in  their  Hocks.  We  re  .id  ol'  K',i...,n 
generals  takv.itrom  the  plow  to  command 
their  armies:  but  thb  mull  be  allowtd  to 
have  been  in  their  times  oMudenrlv.  wlun 
tlvy  grew  po.m,  they  avoided  all  mean 
offices,  as  much  as  n  done  now.  The 
p.uriirilis  wi.re  lliepluri's,  but  tliey  h.id 
m.uiy  lerv.uits  .ind  (laves,  who  Idiomed  tor 
them  i  and!  believe  there  are  tew  inll.iU'es 
that  tlicy  ever  plowed  or  lowed  theml'elves. 
In  tine,  iho'  many  woiikl  make  labourers 
ot  the  gre.it  men  ot  the  world,  thiycarc 
not  to  toil  themlelves,  and  it  is  nciuifite 
there  Ihoiild  be  iLVer.il  degrees,  h)r  the  bet- 
ter government  ol  the  world.  M  hf  jieople 
ol  (i'/(;«('(i  are  'gnor.uit  arid  unpolilhed,  and 
the  dominions  ot  their  prir.as  lu  inionfi- 
derable,  that  they  I'carce  delerve  the  tiileot 
kings  •,  tor  which  rcalbns  there  is  no  ilr.iw- 
ing  ot  what  is  there  prai'iileil  into  a  (Onl'e- 
(|uence,  or  making  idnip.inlons  between 
tliem,  and  polite  and  potuu  monarchs  ot 
other  parts  ot  the  workl. 

DllIKCSSlON    COriCCHIIIg    I.AIiOUR, 

1  T  Owever,  to  look  back  a  little  into  an- 
■*■  licjuity,  the  GrciLs,  Roiiiiiis  and  7'iw 
liunoureil  husb.mdry  ;  the  Carilm^iiiiti/ii, 
who  wea-  origin.dly  Phi-iiuiain,  inakle  it  .i 
p.irticular  ihidy,  as  appe.irs  by  tiie  twenty 
ciglit  books  May^o  writ  concerning  it.  The 
hxy/!i^i>:i  carried  it  lb  f.ir,  as  to  worlliip 
the  be.ill  employed  about  it.  'l"he  Per/ij)/!, 
in  the  greatell  Iplenilor  ot  their  monarchy, 
kept  lujierinteiulants  in  the  fever.il  pro- 
vinces, to  take  care  of  the  tilling  ot  the 
lands,  and  the  young  Cyrus  delighted  in 
planting  and  trimming  a  garden  with  his 
own  hand.  The  Chiildeaiis  were  great  hul- 
bandmen,  and  the  plains  about  Bah\lon  lo 
fruitful,  that  they  yielded  two  and  three 
hunelred  for  one.  1"o  conclude,  the  hiftory 
of  China  informs  us,  that  husbandry  was 
there  much  regarded  in  the  ancientelt  and 
bcft  ot  times,    but  after  all,  the  northern 


dry  ho- 
iriirnl. 


nations  have  .dw.iys   looked   upon  it  as  a 
iivan  and  defpii.dtl-*  employment. 

(lod    promili'd    the    fihtflitr't    no   other'"/ 
goods,    but  the  moll  nirural  prodiiit  ol"'" 
the   earth;  he   does  not  mention  gold  or',"'''' 
filvrr,    or   i'wels,    nor  any    other   iiche.-, 
m.ide   l"u(h   by  coiueit  and    art  ,    but  al 
lures  them,  he  will  fend  i.iin  in  the  piopif 
Icalun  5  th.it  the  e.irih  lli.ill  bring  torth  .i 
bund.nue  ol  grain  i  that  I  lie   tree,  fli.ill   \v 
loaded  with  fr;!it  ;  ili.u  h  irvcll,  vintage,  .iinl 
lowing  tiiiiu  th.ill    loll')W  e.it  h  other  v.ith- 
out  inirrriiption  \  he  promiles  them  plentv 
of  lood,    Ibund    flcep,    lafety,    peace  ,ind 
virtory  over  their  enemies  •,  he  .idds,  that  !ie 
will  c.uile  them  to  iiKtealeand  inulriply  , 
th.ir   his   bleffing  Ih.dl    mike    their   wive? 
fiilitful,   tliat  he  will  bleli  their  herd,  fhi  ep- 
Iblds,  b.irns,  cell.irs,  .md  the  woiks  of  tl.(  ir 
hinds.     Thofe  were  tlie   tenipor.d    gonil, 
which  God  would  h.ive  them  expert  liom 
him,  .md  therelore  no  people  g.ive  them- 
l'elves up  lo  iniirely  to  tiil.UTe,  as  the  ///vi- 
/;/(',(,  addu'ling  themfcK'  s   but    little   to  o- 
therarts.ind.  prolellions,  being  fati'lled  to 
live  upi  11  the  product  of  the  (.uth.     'I'hi'v 
were. I  long  time  wholly  ignor.mt  ol  tl.ole 
\ce  call  lonveiii'  nns  ol  lite,  much  more  ol 
the  many  fuperlliiities,  which  v.inity  has  in 
troduceil  •,    all    things  that  were  necclTliry 
they  could  ('o  themttbes  all  that  was  lor 
their  lulb  niiut  tl  ey  did  .it  hoini'  ;  the  svc 
men  b.'.ked  ble.ld    .Hid   dicllcd  me.t,    Ipua 
the  wool,   wove   the  IliiU's,    anil  made  li.i 
clothes  i  the  men  tolloweil  other  neccll'iry 
employments  abroad. 

'i'liefe  were  the  primitiv"  ruflrms  of  thi'T... 
l'rae!:li-<  \  Cod  promifeel  them  fuch  thin|;s''>'i 
as  were  fuit.ible  to  their  grol's  capacitii^: 
they  li.id  been  bred  ll.ives  in  l\OV^  hediri' 
their  llocks,  tilling  then-  gro;ind,  and  ni.i"- 
king  ol  bricks  ;  they  were  broupia  our  c; 
the  depth  ol  milery,  .iii<t  wh.it  i  (,.iild  tho:;: 
wretches  be  cap.ible  of  .ibove  the  exptci,;- 
tion  of  plenty  ol  food  ?  It  is  pl.iin  enoiii-h 
they  had  no  notion  of  eternity,  lince  ".il! 
the  promiles  made  them  termin.ited  in  v.\[- 
ing  and  ilrinking,  and  tlierefjie  .l/fr,v,.  w.i- 
not  liiridted  by  lie.ivi  n  to  Ipe.ik  to  <.h\,: 
of  blils  ,dter  this  lite  ;  becaule  in  all  liLd. 
hooti,  that  grofs  ignorant  multitutle  woiil.l 
never  li.ive  given  ear  to  it.  Wc  fee,  \o 
m.iny  ages  after,  when  our  S.iviotir  was  ,i- 
mong  them,  the  SiuiJtcci  were  very  nume- 
rous, and  they  dill  denied  the  refurnclii  n  , 
which  fliows  liow  little  fulceptible  tli„t  ii.i- 
tion  w.is  ot  any  thing  beyond  a  pitki;; 
jioffenion  of  earthly  goods:  and  e\en  i.i 
that  particular  it  does  not  appear  that  they 
ever  role  above  the  feiifual  pleafiire;.  ot 
eating  and  drinking,  and  getting  of  chil- 
dren. There  are  fearce  any  foo:-lt;ps  to 
be  found  of  their  having  any  ftnfc  of  i.o 

nuiir. 


Book  111  Ith  A  p.  I?-        Confts  <?^  South-Guinea. 


ipon  It  as  ;i 
•nt. 

f\    no  orhef'W' ,. 
nr(«iufl  01'""';  ' 
ion   i;(iUl  or  , ,, 
It  her    richch, 
,rt  ,   Init  af 
in  the  pmpi  1- 
linji  foitli  .1 
;irr.  (lull  Iv 
vint,ij.',i',  .mil 
1  other  v.itli- 
,  them  pit  nty 
,    jH-.irc  .ind 
:  aiK'.s  tliat  \w 
nA  mulrii  ly  i 
;    tlicir  wivei 
r  hire!,  (liu'p- 
woiks  ol  their 
ipor.il   goods 
1  ixpi'ft  tiom 
I-  ^.\ve  thc-m- 
,  as  the  Ifra- 
It    liitic  to  o- 
n^  fati'lu'il  10 
larth,     Thi'y 

Kir.lllt  1)1  tholl' 

much  moiv  ol 

I  v.itiity  h.is  in 
wiTC  nrcclTary 

II  that  was  lor 
loin'.'  i  thi'  w(i- 
lal  meat,   I'puii 

ami  mail''  \\-x 
thcr  nccill'iry 

riiftom'^  ol  tl'.iT- 
in  liicli  ihin!_;s'"'' 

ols   tapacitiiM 

/•[i,My.',  tix'dir.i^ 
iiul,  anil  ni.i- 

irou^'hi  out  I.: 
lal  rolilil  llio!'' 

c    I  111'  (XpCl'l.i- 

plain  iMioih^ji 
iiiiy,  lince  all 
iiinattil  in  im;- 

I  Die  Mtiji:  W.c 

Ipcak  to  tin  111 
ulr  ill  all  likil. 
lullituik-  woiil.i 
Wu    fir,  lo 
.S.iviour  \vas  ,i- 
i  re  very  numi.-- 
i(.-  nrurriCtii.n  , 
c|  tihle  that  li.i- 
/omi   a  I'lildV. 
:  and   c-\i-ii  i.i 
ppi:ar  that  tiny 
al    plcaliirii.  <ii 
^et'.ing  ol   iliil- 
y  tuo:-tV.ps  to 
iiy  ILiilc  ot  1.0 
iwiir, 


289 


nmir,  they  fvrr  qimkiil  at  the  niiup  ol 
iluir  iinniie',  and  would  never  ii.ivp  (ToikI 
|icti>re  them,  had  not  (iod  moll  vifilily 
toMKht  llieir  butlcs  i  they  wepi  like  ihil- 
iir(  n  at  ev' ry  'iii-.rorfune,  and  in  (lion, 
weic  .»  "loll  .\\i\vi\  (;eneraiion.  Vi  f  how 
luxurio'is  tiiey  iv  «',  wl;en  in  a  lluurilli 
jn'  lon  lition,  h  too  ion;;  to  delirilie,  and 
imy  he  leen  in  the  dfi  riptions  thereol, 
iiii.k  ly  the  feveral  pro;'hers.  To  eon- 
ctii'le.  tli"y  were  migihty  luisKindmen  till 
tlicy  hid  learnt  an  eafier  (ourle  ot  lili-, 
and  tin  n  valued  that  pidtVfTion  as  little  as 
other  nitioii;  have   fiinedon". 

Uoimr  delirili^s  th  pood  man  F.iiimm 
miking  lii'^  own  tlio  %  and  lays  he  had 
[iiiilt  in'Riiilleent  llihles  lor  his  hcaK. 
JptH^/i  ('.'v//"-.t  himl'elfhad  Iniilt  his  own  lioufe  and 
/.  I oii^^rivt d  with  much  art  the  Ivd,  by  whieh 
l;f  w.'.s  known  to  his  wife.  I  \c  alone 
hiilt  and  eiiuipped  th--  vellM  in  whieh  he 
^-•nt  tiom  i'.'j.'v."".  Tli.it  po  t  tells  us, 
it  wa--  then  an  liov.our  tor  a  m.ui  to  know 
how  to  do  all  thine^s  that  .ire  ulelul  tor 
life  ;  it  is  fo  now,  but  he  who  has  others 
to  toil  for  him,  need  not  earry  burdens, 
rr  liods  of  mortar  to  build  his  houle.  A 
tli.itchell  hut  was  then  .1  pood  houl'e  •, 
bat  no  argument  that  all  maiikiiul  flioiild 
ritani  to  live  in  I'm  h  lioveh. 

I  h.ive  before  oblerved,  that  the  IVi.uks 
have  many  eulloms,  which  hem  to  be  de- 
riv.d  fron\  the  IfnieiUfi,  and  other  ealKrn 
anions;  but  in  reality  they  arc  the  viry 
(lidates  of  unpolilheii  n.iture.  'I'hc  kiiips 
I  hive  mentioned  in  (i:i!i:tii,  labour  tome 
ol  till  in  wiih  tluir  own  hands  and  the 
am  ient  patriareh.  are  fiid  to  h.ive  done 
many  iliinps,  whiii,  now  Uem  below  men 
of  tiieir  r.ink.  I  can  not  but  admire  the 
innocent  lives  of  the  patri.irchs  /Ibrahain, 
I'.ia:  and  J<i-'l\  who  tho'  abfolure  over 
their  f.iinili.s  like  kinps,  and  wanting  only 
ti,e  empty  titles,  liiice  they  made  alliance 
with  heathen  kinps,  and  had  the  powered' 
piae.' and  war,  as  we  fee  in  .■//"■. j/.vim;  yet 
he  who  had  three  liundred  and  eighteen 
petluns  in  his  family,  at  his  t'eall  made  for 
tiie  three  angels,  tnated  them  only  with  a 
ulf,  new  bri^id  baked  in  the  embers,  but- 
tir  and  iv.ilk  ■,  and  at  ahiioll  an  hundred 
years  of  ac!;r,  brought  water  himlelt  to 
w.ilh  the  feet  of  hi  L'uerts,  went  in  perfon 
to  pick  out  the'  c.lf,  ordereei  his  w  •  ; 
Sarah  to  make  the  bread,  anel  came  to  at- 
tend them  Handing.  Their  fervants  help- 
ed, but  did  not  take  them  otT  thole  duties. 
']:i'h  travtlkd  a  foot,  with  only  his  llatf 
in  his  hand,  .it  feventy  I'even  years  ot  age, 
above  two  hundred  leagues  Iroin  Rrtlfdlw 
to  Ha>\in  in  XLhittamui  ;  he  lay  down, 
where  the  night  overtook  him,  made  ule 
ot  .1  flone  tor  his  pillow,  and  ferved  La- 

VoL.    V. 


/</»/ twenty  one  yearn  in  n  very  toilfoin.HARi'nT 
manner.  We  may  Ruels  wh.ii  men  did  at  v^V^' 
(h.it  rime,  by  what  the  young  minis  wcrer 
put  to.  A'(7'(i(,/<ame  .1  eonfider.dile  way  to 
dr.iw  w.iter,  .mil  ea-'ied  it  on  her  (hoiilder, 
ilio*  .1  rich  111. in's  daughter,  anel  alterwarels 
wife  to  the  patriarch  Inuit.  K.ichil  look- 
ed ader  her  lather  l.tit>:iii\  cattle  1  neither 
their  birth,  nor  beauty  rendering  ilu'iii  the 
more  ilelirate  or  teniler,  CHili'nii  was  thrrfh- 
ing  wh'Mt  by  the  wine-iirel-,  when  an  an- 
gi  1  c.dh  d  liim  ',  'I'l'oii  m!t^l.il\  iihiii  0/  viilmir, 
j(ii  III  .'';'.•  tiv^ht,  iiitil  thru  llti't  uvve  Ifr.iel 
(mm  ll  •  /:.ii;.is  of  thf  Midi. miles,  Ruth 
pained  the  favour  ot  Boiz,  as  (lie  glean'd 
in  the  field.  When  SauI  received  the  news 
of  the  danger  the  city  eif  J,il>,jlj-C,ilfa,l 
wus  in,  he  was  driving  a  yoke  of  oxen, 
tho'  h"  was  then  king.  A;;;,/  was  look- 
ing to  hi.  father's  llieep,  when  S.imnel  ient 
tor  him  to  anoint  him  king,  /ilij/ia  was 
called  to  be  .1  [irophet,  as  lu  was  at  work 
with  one  ot  Ins  tatiier's  twelve  plows  The 
luisban.l  ol  the  t.imous  'Jluhlh,  who  elelive- 
rcd  fic'biilta,  tho'  very  wealthy,  tell  Ikk 
and  died  ot  over-working  himlelt.  The 
tcripture  is  lull  of  fuch  examples,  not  to 
mention  e)tliers  among  the  (iit-ii>  .md  Uo- 
inafj.  CiiiTo  tpeaks  of  country-men  and 
la.mers  in  >S'/i-//v,  fo  rich  and  m.ignifuent, 
tli.ii  their  houles  were  adorned  with  liitucs, 
and  they  were  ferved  in  wrought  velfels  ot 
j;old  and  iilver. 

Tiie  p.itriarchs,  it  is  e:crtain,  lived  ac- 
ecrding  !o  tliu  cullom  of  theile  d.iy^.  ./ 
brnbiini  I'.it  .it  tiieiloorol'  his  tent,  win  n  the 
angels  came  to  him,  he  hail  no  houle  to 
live  in  ;  we  are  nor  there  tore  to  dellroy 
our  iioules,  and  go  live  in  tent..  He 
brought  water  to  walli  the  feet  of  his 
giiells;  it  may  well  be  quell ione'd,  whether 
he  brought  it  himfell,  or  commanded  his 
fervants  to  do  it ;  or  it  he  did,  it  w.is  the  ef- 
led  of  his  extraordinary  charity , not  his  tond- 
iiels  ot  l.ibour.  It  is  the  common  expref- 
llon  to  lay,  fuch  a  one  builc  a  houfe,  when 
we  mean  the  owner,  or  he  that  paiei  tor 
it,  tho'  he  touched  not  the  materials.  A 
vain  ceinceit  of  antiquity  carries  us  away 
trom  our  realbn,  to  approve  of  all  that 
was  then,  and  condemn  all  th^t  is  prelcnc ; 
.1  medium  between  both  would  eioubtlel's 
be  more  mlliliable.  The  ancient  Britons, 
as  well  as  many  other  nations,  went  llark 
naked  ;  it  would  not  be  therefore  commen- 
dable in  us  to  throw  away  our  garments, 
and  return  to  that  Ihametul  potlure.  Nei- 
ther is  our  excifs  in  apparel  commendable  ; 
but  mankind  is  prone  to  run  from  one  ex- 
treme into  another.  The  tirit  men  were 
rude  and  unpoliflicd,  latter  ages  arc  doubt- 
lefs  grown  et^'eminate  and  luxurious  i  this 
excels  puts  us  upon  all  contrivances  to  latisfy 
E  e  e  e  our 


»; 


t 


liii;  n 


''^■'U 


'Mm 


m\ 


n  M:Hiii 


"fV    :,J8i(   t' 


i:'Iii!"i!fil!li'!f'll 


!     !      < 


11:  Pr'ljl 


li^l; 


!:iMi^ 


:  I* 


r- 


If^ 


y^  DefifiptioH  of  the  BookI1[ 


290 

H«wH(.r  our  .ipiictitM  ;mil  ilffircs,  and  wc  ranRc  .ill    rliey  cm  murine  to  gain  tlut  ailvani.i^i  •, 


C^W  the  world  10  liitisfy  our  extravagant  imlina 
tions. 

I'liis  it  i'.  thai   prevail!  011  fo  many  tliou 
Jamil  to  ixjiok' tlitniUlvcs  to  all  tht  ilan 

f^ris   ot    tlu    iini>  ilcis  «KCan,  wlin.li   Iwal 
DU's  lui'li  niinilKTs  toiitinually,   and  as  it 
cnriilii^  lo'iH',  lo  it  iniix)V(ri(lii.sotlii;rs,  ei- 
ihrr  by  lliipwiciks    or   |)lratt•^,    w  other 


loading;  ilicinli'lvC'' tu  (iiat  |»ii|ii)Ur  wiili  .i|| 
loits  ol  ornaniints  corals,  ^oKI  1  in^>s  an  . 
other  toys  lliat  they  art  a  jicrtctt  Iniii'.v 
to  them. 

<i  H  r-\  !■   ()  r  r  I  (■  1.  R  ■.. 
"T"  1 1 1'',  liiimc  oirui's  next  the  kin^;  in  /,  /, 
are  a  VHemy,  tliei\  lalleil  Ih  ,  a  lii'rii 


leriiy, 
aaiilenUi    U-lules,    the   iinliicakalilc   toils     trcafiirer,    the  ft/jj/'j   or   llamlaril-lie.irrr; 

the  Jiiiaitii,  or  laptain  >t  iln  guards  Hnc 
(wotil-lxarers,  which  arc  toiiimonly  Um  ; 
the  atteikl.ints  on   the  king's  wives  i    ilr 


ami  liardllw;>s,  thole  who  ekajv  litll  ale 
eontinually  expoled  to.  'I'hu  is  really  un 
extrava(>ant  eihc't  ot  .ivariei',  whiih  huriies 
lis  aw.iy  beyond  nurrialon,  as  il  .1  Imlc 
ill  pcaci.'  aiul  lately  were  not  bvttir  than 
the  ^'.reared  ttvafiirc  in  pirjx  tiial  toil  aii>l 
lia/ard  ;  yit  lb  vain  i-  our  natuie,  that  we 
roiiileinn  the  poor  iluiikt  l)ee..iile  they  la- 
bour at  honir,  am!  .it  tin:  lame  time  ile- 
litle  them  a>  llotht'ul,  becaiifethey  arellran- 
Hers  to  ma  ly  ot  our  I'upi  rlluous  toils  •,  n.iy, 
lb  ureat  is  ovir  piiile,  that  tiie  mull  bru 
td  riiioi  values  himltit  above  the  bt  II  ol' 
ihole   (tt::nf.i  kmys. 

This  dinrelluMi  is  already  ^lowii  too  te- 
di'Hi.,  tlio'  vtry   llioii  in   reli)<a  ol   v. li.it 


'/;  ■■7;i ',  or  pulilii  k  iriersithe  kiinj;'s  (Iriiiii 
nur,  and  the  tiuinpeiers  and  horn  !)iowerv 

I'lic  l)y  is  the  next  |i<rloii  to  the  king,]),, 
alw.iys  reprelenling  liini  in  Ins  abknec,  .iiui/.r, 
acliny  in  the  govemimm,  botli  uvil  .iiul 
military  as  his  deputy. 

I'he  Trealurer,  as  in  other  parts,  ha.s  tin ;.,, 
care  ot  all  tlie  revenues,  reeeives  all  trom  tlir 
rolleCtors,  ami  l.iysit  out  in  dclrayin:;  lii- 
eli.nges  ot  the  kinfi;'s  houfliolJ,  payint;  lie 
luliliers,  and  other  expencis  ol  the  ll.itc.  |ty 
his  ulTice,  he  is  .dmoll  iiilep.irablc  tpim 
tlie   kind's  perlon,    and  ,i((om|)inics  Imu 


mit^lii  be  laid  upon  this  lub|iei,  and  m.iy     wherelbevcr  the  netelllty  ol  .ilVaiis  rtqun 


|)irhaps  not  U-  unaiceptablc  to  loiiie  who 
have  lb  mui  h  j^ood  nature  .is  not  to  run 
down  .ill  nations,  and  to  believe  that  .ill 
.i(;cs  have  been  •juilty  ot  their  tollies,  as 
Well  as  this  wf  live  in.  Let  us  now  le- 
tuin  to  our  deliription. 

Pol  V  o  a  m  v  . 
'I'hfiiitfi  p  V  !•'.  R  Y  king  there  h.is  inore  or  fewer 
ill  jUtt.     *-'  wives,  Ih  fides  concubines,  aceorilinp  t() 
his  ability   .ind   inclinatKMi,      Inchi'io^  kin^; 
of  L ■mmoiil'i,  or  (iitiijfo,  in  my    time  h.id 
eiyhi  vives,  all  of  them   lodged    ,inil  I'ub- 
(illed    within   his   palace;    but  e.it  h   in   .1 
dilliiK't  hut,    and  that  prince    being  ri(  h, 
alloweil  every  one  of  them  a  pKntilii' main- 
tenance, alter  their  way,  alTigning  to.     .  ,r 
ute  that  pan  ot    his  revenue  which    is  re- 
cciveil  in  kind  ;  and    none   of  them   iver 
went     abroad    a-lbot,    but    they  were  all 
canicdiii  hammovkson   the  thouKlers  ol 
flaves  ;  which  m.ide  them  proud,  and  ot  a 
hauglicy  beh.iviour  tow.inls  their  infiriors: 
all  their  bufinefs  at  home  being  to  cnter- 


yccit 


nis-  pretence  •,   Ibr  which  re.iton  he  has  .il.'.i 
lodgings  in  the  [>.il.ice,   and    is   niiiiji  r 
fpei'teii    by  .dl    thole  who    hive  any  im 
ploymcnts,  or  bulinels  at  louri.     J  ih  |„!( 
Is    very    prolit.ible,    and   <n,iiiKs    ium   |., 
appear  abroad  in  a  very  lollly  g.irh,  .n,,! 
wearing  abund.mce  ot  gul'.l  toys  or  idol<, 
to  dillinguilh  him  fron)    the    otiicr 
officers. 

'J'he  r'ci!itir:i,  or  captain  ot  ihf  g'.i  ini>,'-i.',; 
is  always  a  man  ot  great  iiuti'  .miong  ihoiiiiar. 
l>eoplc,  as  being  p.irtic  llaily  wUMilUd  w;;h 
tlie  king's  pirloii,  and  ;iiw.iys  .ittemliin; 
him  in  his  (xpa;Uiiions,  by  which  h^.  1"., 
raileii  lo  high,  as  to  be  l(Jmetlln^s  .idv.ii:- 
ceil  to  the  throne,  i.pon  a  v.iciiKy,  as  li.., 
been  laid  l)Ltoie. 

The  Iword-be.iirrs,  wlm  h  arc  gencralK  .*,■, 
four,    h.ive  alfo  a  vi  1  y  good  poll,   briii^-  '• 
liimetinus  lent  emballiulors  10  Ion  ign  luun- 
tries  i  their  bufinefs  at  home  bcin^io  cairv 
the  king's  tword  and  armour,    ,it  publiik 
feafts,  or  warlike  exix-diiion^. 

'I'hcre  are    many    Th-Til-s,    01   publi'kf- 
criers,  every  town  having  two  or  three,  to 
cry  what   is    lolf,    llolen,  or  llrayeil,  jiij 


tain  the  king  and  watli  liim,  or  to  pam- 
per and  adorn   thcmfelves,    the  better  to 

pleafe  him,    leaving  their  flaves  to  attend  to  proclaim  tlit  orders  ot  the  king  or  go 

the  houHiold    afihirs  and  to    drcfs   meat,  vernours  under  him.     Thole  next  the  king 

They    had    the    privilege    of  eating  with  are  always  prclent,  when  he    tits  in  coiin- 

him,  on  his  holiday,  or  weekly    fabbath,  cil,  and  cry  Tie-'li,;  it  the  counfellors  lu[)- 

when  he  cntertain'd  all  the  great  men  of  jien  to  talk  too  high,    or  fail  into  conlu- 

the  country.  fion,  whence  the  name  of  the  olHce  is  de- 

iiimfn          Jealoufy  ottenoccafions  dilpuies  among  rived.     They    wear  a  cap  made  of  bl.i-k 

Jlrhffcr    tliofe  women  V  flie  that  is  preferred  before  apes-(kins,    the   hair  of  it  about  a  linger 

frtftrtnci.  j|,^.  ^^.(^  being  accounted  happieft  and  moll  long,    and    liold     in    tiieir    hand  a   lock 

refpedfid,    and  each  of  them    hoping  tor  ot    hair   of  .an   elephant'stail    and    fnidl 

that  good  fortune,  they  ftudy  all  the  ways  rulhcs   among  it,  which  fervcs  for  a  fly- 
flap, 


tun' 
II  III  I* 

„-»  lil<n'i 

tall 


IMtmntr. 


ji.Uui 


Boo  Kill  I 


Chap.  13.         Co/t/?/ o^  South-Guinea. 


291 


It  .»ilv;ii)l.iyi', 

Jlllli-   Willi  .ill 

)KI  iiii^j^s,  Jii  I 
citcct  butilci; 


f  km^;  in  I,  u 
•il  Ih  ,  a  lii^li 
iul.iril-lie.irir; 
11  j',u.irils  1  t.ii- 
iiiuoiily  loui  ; 
s  wives  ;    ll,' 
kind's  (Iriini 
liorii  hlowi-r'. 
11  to  tlu'  kii^,  I)    , 
s  .iblcncc,  .iiKW'v 
)i)lh  (.ivil  ,11111'" " 

ji,iri<-,  li.is  till  /■.i,.p 
cb.iU  troiii  thr 
1  iletr.iyin;;  tii" 
kl,  I'ayin'^  ll  !■ 
t  tlic  ll.iu-.  liy 
i'[).ir,il)lc   h'Mii 

(lllll)llli(.'S     ll   III 

ilV.iiis  rtqiiiiiN 
on  111'  has  ,il('i 
I  is  nuKli  r 
hive  any  fin 
iirt.  lib  1-1)11 
i,it'l(S  hull  t.i 
Ully  ',;.irl),  .in.l 
toys  or  iiio's 
t    otlicr  grcii 

oi  ihi'  <;ii;irii.s,c.it,i.' 
uiionti,  I lidiv *''''• 
iiuiiilUvl  w;th 
•lys  .ittcniliiii; 
wliirji  Ik'  k 
iftniif.s  ai,lv.ii'.- 
iciiKy,  as  h.;^ 

aic  ^'iDcialK  .1  ■. 
■■t  poll,  Ijcing-''' 
liiuigii  Luun- 

hlilli^  to  c'aiT\ 

|r,    at  publuk 

01   [lubli'ki''  ■ 
|>)  or  three,  to 
Uraycil,  anJ 
•  king  or  ^0 
liuxt  the  king 
fits  in  toiin- 
luiitl'llors  lup- 
into  coiifu- 
otHcc  is  ili;- 
lade  of  bLi'-k 
lout  a  linger 
Ihand  a   lock 
ll    anil    Invill 
\c%  for  a  tly- 
rtap, 


mnmir. 


flap*  to  kwp  thofr  inl'crt^  from   tiic  kiiiR. 

They  arr  alio  iVnt  by  thr  kin^,  orcnnncil, 

on  national  crramh,  to  (rinuU  or  cneinicn  \ 

fhririap'bcinpthfir  p.ifscvfry  where,  fiip- 

pofing  them   to  be  lent    by  their  inallrr, 

othiTwife  they  arc  no  proteifbon.     They  arc 

alfo  lomctimes   lent  «'nib.ill!i<lors  to  ("orei[;n 

court!!,  aiTorilii;(»  to  the  opinion  eonceivctl 

ot  their  capaiiiy,    for  I'u  great  an  employ - 

iiicnt. 

^,l„,        The  main  biifinef-i  of  tlinfc  .ittendin'i;  on 

«iii«    the  kin^','s  wives,    is  to  take  care,  th.it  no 

"'""■''  mm  debauches  them,  and  tint  each  of  tliem 

"'"       is  .illow'd  licr  due  m.iinten  mce,     Wli'-ib'-r 

tlicy  arc  eunueh''  or   not,    I  cannot  aflirni, 

but  doubilelsaro  well  known  by  their  milbr 

to  be  qii  dilie'd  for  that  employnienr  \    ind 

in  the  coimtrie'^   where    there   is  no   lii|.'!i- 

trcaliirer,  thefc  are  commonly  entrulVed  with 

the  kin<^'s  wcaltii,    the  keys  whtreot  tluy 

rtlw.iyi  keep,  exi  lufivc    of  all  others,    ,itvl 

ronleiiuently  after   the  kiny,'s  death,    ihey 

are  liable  and  oiili[;ed  to  j^ivc  an  .U(0um  of 

it  to  the  fuceellor. 

The  drummer  is  .dli)  a  i;ood  pl.icc,  both 
.IS  to  honour  and  proiit  ;  the  pcrton  who 
lias  it  beinji  generally  near  the  king. 

The  trumpeters,  or  horn-blowers,  are 
tliemeancll  olliecrs.ibout  the  court  i  but,  is 
in  t.iiro'r,  thole  th.U  belo(i[;to  the  king  .uc 
lomcthing  more  honourable  ih.ia  otliirs, 
an.l  they  .ire  a  p.irtf)f  his  mufick,  upon  .ill 
publick  and  private  occafions,  to  divert  hiiii 
at  home,  at  his  cntertainmtiits,  and  abro.ul, 
in  time  ot  war. 

Tliefe  are  all  the  offuc  worth  taking  no- 
tice of  in  thecourtsof  thofe  Huui.  mon.irehs, 
tho'  there  may  be  many  otiiers  le(s  tonfi- 
der.ible. 

I  ha\e  elfewlicre  oblervcd,  rli.U  every 
grc.it  B.iiik  has  the  lame  lorts  of  oflierrs  to 
attend  him  1  and  il  very  rieh,  will  vye  with 
the  king  in  that  point. 

By  tlie  aeeoLint  I  have  here  given  ol  the 
officers  belonging  to  thole  kings,  it  might 
be  lupi'ioli.d,  there  is  Ibmething  of  polite- 
ncis  and  grandeur  among,  thofe  ///>•;,  .d/.  ; 
but  rh<rc  is  no  fucii  tiung  :  tor  thofe  princes 
111  their  houles,  tho'  in  refp  rt  to  tlicin  we 
c.dl  them  palaces,  whereas  they  arc  but  .1 
duller  of  coit.iges  or  huts,  are  nor  ilillin- 
guifliablc  by  keeping  any  (late,  except  it 
be  on  extraordinary  occafions  when  rhey 
receive  or  pay  vifils  to  great  men  ;  other- 
wife  there  is  no  gu.ird  at  the  palace-gjte, 
nor  any  attendants  to  w.iit  on  them  ;  and 
when  they  go  abroad  about  the  town,  they 
feldomhavc  above  two  boys  to  bear  them 
company,  one  ot  whicli  carries  the  fword, 
and  the  other  the  llool  •,  and  if  met  in  the 
rtreef,  tliey  arc  fcarce  taken  notice  of,  the 
mean  ft  flavc  hardly  ftirring  out  of  the  way 
for  them. 


Tluy  irr  fn  rovctoui,    as  to  be  alw.iy^HAunnr 
ready    to  ratrh    .u   any    prefcnt  from  the  ^^^^ 
meanell  ol  their  fubjci'lv      I'Ik  ir  kitchens'"" 
are  not  much  better  furnifliM  than  tholuot 
the  common  fl/.tr  !i.     Hienl,  tin  li  as  ii  is 
palm  oil,  .md  llinking  me.if,  or  lilh,  maki' 
»ip  the  (arc  of  their  niimeroii .  t.iiiiily .  W.iter 
i.s  their  common  di  ink,  bui  il  iliey  hive  it, 
they  drink  brandy  in  the  morning,  iiui  p  dm- 
wine  in  the  afternoon.     Inlhoit,  iheydilVr 
very  little  tiom  the  me.uicr  lort,  in   iluir 
w.iy  of  living. 

N'  I  s  I  r  I  \  (1. 
VV^  1 1 ''  N'  they  at"  to  j'.iy   a  vifit  to  .iny  ^,,,., 

pcrloii,  in  another  town,  or  to  receiveM4,r'  , 
one  from  any  confiJer.ible  mm,  they  .il- 
ways  take  ( arc  to  fliow  their  gr.mdeur,  anil 
on  rliof'e  oci.ifions  .ire  .iKv.iys  .lUendi'd  by 
.irm'il  null ,  fcveral  lliii  LK  are  carried  along 
N\  itli  them,  .ind  an  umbit  lla  over  their  liead.s 
to  defend  them  from  the  I'cori  liiiig  r.iys  ot 
the  fun.  Their  vvivt-  .ue  then  ,dlu  lincly 
drels'd,  will)  gold  tovs  ling-,  and  other 
rii  liorn.mients,  efpecially  thoicof  fowiviwi'' 
.Hid  /•(•/«,  .iiul  ll.lVf  long  Itiiiigs  of  gold, 
cor.il,  or  be.uts  haiigiii;;  il"iut  them  i  tlio' 
at  otlur  times  they  .iiidtli,  11  wivC',  .ire  io 
I'oorly  habiteil  .is  to  be  1\:m\c  dillinguifli- 
able  from  other  inoplc. 

When  I  vifiteif  kiii[',  Ihinri  at  little  .-A;.;,  rhe  *ii 
as  has  been  hinted  before,  I  t()iiiid  him  lit-''i'''  --iir 
ting  at  the  g.ite  of  hi^  palace  or  houfe,  with '"  •*  *"'A' 
fevcr.il  of  liis  prim  ip.d  officers,  fbmc  of 
them  alio  fitting,  and  others  Handing  by 
iii'H,  with  a  p.ucel  of  arm'd  men,  01  j;uards 
.iboiit  them,  lie  defiicd  me  to  fit  down 
right  ag.iinll  him,  .ind  immediatily  lent  for 
ills  wives,  to  fliow  his  gr.iiukur.  They 
foon  c.ime,  and  the  king  feeing  his  mother 
.iinoiig  them,  di fired  her  to  lit  down  on 
his  riglu  h.md,  and  his  favourite  wife  on 
the  left  1  and  then  all  the  other  women  fate 
down  on  each  fide  .uid  behind  him,  on  the 
['.round,  .ificr  the  ///'(-.y/i  manner,  and  the 
attendants  lion. I  about  in  a  I'emi-cirtle. 

Next,  a  lir[',c  pot  of  palm-wine  was  kt  Fntermm- 
on  tlie  groiin.l,  between  the  king  and  mc, mint. 
and  fome  ot  the  laid  wine  [nelcntcd  tome, 
with  a  compliment,  that  if  I  h.id  givcnhiin 
more  timely  notice  of  my  defign  to  vifit 
him,  he  would  have  provided  better  for 
my  entertainment.  That  prince  lud  no 
other  elotlits  on,  but  a  finale  frock  made  of 
the  country  fnial]  cloths  I  have  before  dc- 
fcribed,  after  the  Mooiijh  fallvon,  as  is  ufed 
at  Caho  I'irJf,  and  the  rell  of  him  n.iked  j 
but  fcveral  of  his  prime  officers,  and  .ill  his 
wives  appeared  pretty  handfomely  drelTed, 
in  their  way.  The  DuUb  commander  of  the 
fort  Ciivecaur,  who  bore  me  company  at 
that  vifit,  told  me,  the  court  of  that  king 
was  nothing  near  fo  great,  as  thofe  of  Felu 

and 


m-  Tffi'iliiilliP 
I  P''il,« 'Hi  It 

•     I   !•'    ,"      :       ''       '       4M', 


mm 


lii'ii^  ■/■' 


.r  (1..  .    ■    ■'  r.::  ■,.,■  ■. 


:::Bm 


■I      s! 


<K 


mr'\ 


!»ii- 


l^.t,.i-  !■ 


•i:Ji? 


25?1 


^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  III 


Acta. 


P,m;uot  and  C.Pmmfiulo,  either  for  magnificent lirifTcs 
^■^V^*^  \\n\  gold,    or  tinr  the   number  ol    otticcr.-> 
.ukI  guards -,    ImbtTO.,    king  ot   Comm'udo, 
having  generally  two  hondred  men  attend- 
ing him  as  his  guards. 

Tile  king  of  Jaa's  houfe  feem'tl  to  mc 

very  iiiile  preferable  to  any   others  in  the 

town. 

n/Coni-       Th.it  ol'  the  king  of  C.omwcuJo  is  large 

mnido<i«.y;ind  fpacious  ;  hut  that  ot  the  king  of  J\t:t 

'"■         much  more,  and  is  reckoned  the  finell  and 

Jargeft-  of  all  the   CtjlJ  O.i'!,    there  being 

above  two  hundred   rooms  in  it,    as  I  was 

tol  i  -,  and  it  ftanilsin  the  largeopen  place, 

which  is  in  the  niidll  of  the  town  o\  Fiiii, 

or  I-'cIjU. 

t: .ir  I'lie  king''  oW.^v.m.rr.o  ai".d/,'.-,7arcuiually 

-•.I  ../f/ir.  artcnvl^'d  abro.id  I  y  a  great  croud  of  oincrrs, 

flav.s  and   guards  ;  before  Vvliom  goes  the 

mufick  of  trumpets,     drums    and   baloll.^. 

Th  y  are  gfner.dly  carried  in  a  liarnmo.  k, 

on  tile  backs  of  flaves,  and  I'carce  flir  a  loot, 

'.iiiLfj  upon  Ibme  extraordinary  oceafion. 

1"   EASTS. 

I  T  i-  nitlom.iry  among  thofe  king'-,  of 
-*•  tile  co'.tl,  to  treat  all  the  peeiple,  in  a 
fplendid  manner,  every  ejuarter  of  the  ye.ir, 
when  their  collectors  pay  into  their  treafury 
the  money  they  have  received  for  toll, 
cuffoms,  CTi-,  in  tlieir  feveral  ehilricts  ;  and 
this,  IxTides  the  p.u-ticular  eiucrtainnients 
to  their  courtiers,  and  officers,  every  '//(,•/- 
ill-.,  which  they  call  Din  ,:o  Ei/ijfu  ;  that  is, 
tlie  charm- ei.iy,  trom  the  Phriu^iir/l.,  in 
wiiich  language  all  their  religious  pradlices 
were  look'd  upon  as  and  llileel  K7/;^».(,  that 
is  e  liarnis  or  witchcraft :  the  fHacls  have 
t  ken  the  word,  and  mean  by  it  their  deities; 
to  that  by  it  they  would  liyiify,  the  day  of 
their  gvi.ls  or  th.:  f.di'j.ith.  Bi-fide-s  thofe, 
t.i.y  li.L.'e  alfo  lome  [leculi-ir  days  to  cn- 
t-rt.iin  the  people,  as  the  annivcrfarics,  or 
commemorations  of  Ibme  paticular  events, 
which  were  aelvantageous  to  their  country. 
.,';-iie,r.  Amoiig  the  rcll  is  a  yearly  Klliv.il  of  the 
,jr».7.o;»- king's  avL.iricn  to  the  crown,  when  there  is 
!  'u"  ''"■'  """''  t?''''-"^^'""  t'oncourfe  of  people  th.wi 
at  ollur  times  ;  for  tiien  the  entertainment 
IV  more  fumjjteious,  ami  the  eliverlions  much 
more  Ipl.neiiel  th.ui  upon  other  ociafions. 
They  commonly  begin  it  by  folemn  facri- 
fices,  early  in  the  morning,  about  the  king's 
ficreel  tree,  which  is  generally  the  higheft 
about  the  tovvn  -,  or  on  lome  high  conllcratcii 
hill,  abenit  which  they  I  ly  abundance  of 
provilions  of  all  forts,'  for  the  eJcity,  and 
repear  u  f(,i  three  days  fucceflively  ;  during 
whuh  time  ihcy  fc.dl,  dance,  nd  make 
merry  :  tiie  king,  on  the  one  hand,  ftudying 
to  exprt-ls  i  is  love  to  his  lu'ijifts  -,  and  they, 
on  rhe  orhtr,  fhowmg  all  ih.inner  ot  loy 
aiiel  latistadion,  forijtiiig  uiieicr  his  gentle 
goveriiir.ciu.  ■ 


It  is  alfo  cullomary  with  thofe  kings,  inO//w„,„. 
time  of  peace,  to  lit  every  afternoon,  or "■>■'"•'' '■ 
evening,  at  the  gate  of  their  palace,  hand- 
fomely  drefled,  and  to  lie,  for  Ibme  hours, 
in  their  wives  laps,  to  li.ive  their  head., 
comb'd  and  dreflld  •,  and  at  night  to  have 
oalls  and  dancing  in  their  houfes,  during 
w liich  the  g  Mrds  that  arc  upon  ehity,  fiie 
their  niufkets  continu.illy.  Tholl-  foldiers 
are  either  hired  men,  or  their  flaves,  fonie^ 
of  whom  are  in  the  day-time  employ'd 
either  within  or  without  the  palace,  at  lonu; 
fort  of  work. 

Sometimes,  when  the  palm-wine  comes  in  nr;,;i.. 
from  the  country,  they  go  in  the.ifternoon, 
n  ives  anei  mailers  .ill  alike,  to  the  publitk 
market-place,  where  they  fit  down  and 
eh  ink  very  fociably  •,  and  every  one  that 
pie  lies,  brings  his  llool,  anei  |oins  the  com- 
pany. There  they  lope  plentifully,  taking 
11  ill  more  and  more  at  every  draught,  till 
they  come  to  elrink  bumpers,  which  are 
calab.ilhes  or  gourds,  holding  a  peittle  i  but- 
let  very  much  of  it  run  down  their bcard> 
to  the  groiinel,  which  lorms  a  rivulet  of 
wine,  and  that  they  look  upon  as  an  extra- 
oreiin.iry  grandeur.  D  iring  the  entertain- 
ment they  talk  loud,  with  much  confufioii 
and  impertinence  ;  for  the  molt  part  no- 
thing but  lewelnefs,  and  that  in  the  [irefence 
of  the  women,  who  are  often  among  tlum, 
and  fe)  far  from  being  out  ol  counrenanee 
.It  it,  that  they  will  eiuleavour  to  outdo  the 
men  in  that  filthy  elifcourfc.  If  they  h.ip- 
pcn  to  fill  into  any  other  more  heconiin^ 
chat,  they  Icold  and  rail  at  one  another 
Very  freely,  laying  open  one  another's  l.ul- 
ings  and  imperfedions  in  a  jefting  manner, 
without  fparing  the  king,  to  his  t.ice,  he 
being  one  ot  the  con.p.uiy  1  but  fe/iii,  tidies 
he  will  he  provokeel  te)  give  them  broken 
heads  1  from  whieh  thole  are  only  exeepted, 
wiio  liavi-  g.iiiieel  reputation  among  the 
people.  Some  ot  the  fl.ives  have  moie  au- 
thority than  their  matters,  for  having  been 
long  in  power  over  their  depcnd.iius,  the,- 
h.ive  traded  for  tliemlelvts,  and  are  liecoiiie 
matters  of  fiavcs  ot  their  own,  anei  by  elc- 
greesgrown  lo  powerful,  that  their  ni.illi is 
.ire  obligeel  to  connive  at  their  lauli.^;  nay, 
fometimes  they  become  lb  obllinate,  that 
their  laid  matters  cannot  appcale  them  by 
any  other   means  than  a  prefent. 

C  o  v  E  T  o  u  S  N  E  s  s. 

IT  is  a  true  .ixiom,  that  covetoufnefsistliei?„<,/;,. 
root  ot  all  evil,  .mel  it  is  a  vice  that  lusf'"''- 
inferted  all  tlien.*tions  upon  the  earth;  and 
among  the  rttl,  thole  /Ifruiiin  are  lb  0- 
ver-grown  with  it,  th.it  they  can  feldomon 
that  .iieouiit  eiijoy  . I  killing  [leacc,  but  arc 
apt  to  bleak  it  .dmeilt  .is  loon  .is  made, 
,iikI  '.hat  upon  very  flcniler  anil  iiniutl  pre- 
icnets,  as  appears  by  the  accounts  we  have 

of 


Book  III. 

)fe  kings,  in<^i''ri,„. 
itternoon,  or '->'"'■'• 
lal.icc,  lund- 

Ibme  hours, 

tlicir  lie.id> 
light  to  liavc 
:)utcs,  iluiiiig 
)n  iliity,  tire 
"holt-  rohliers 
■  (laves,  ronit; 
lie  cmploy'J 
l.icc,  at  foiut; 

wine  comes  in  Drid,., 
thiattirnoon, 
0  the  pubiick 
it   liovvn   aiui 
ery  one    tiiai 
|oins  tiie  coin- 
ifuUy,  taking 
drauglit,  till 
s,    which  aro 
,  ,1  pottle  1  but  ■ 
.11  tileirbcarll^ 
s  ii  rivulet  (if 
n  as  an  extra- 
tlie  cniertain- 
iiuch  contufioii 
moll  part  no- 
in  the  prefencc 
among  iluni, 
)t  countcnani:e 
ur  rii  outilo  tile 
It  they  h.ip- 
lore  beconiinT 
on.'   anoiher 
anotlier'.s  ta:l- 
(ling  manniT, 
lis  taec,  he 
111  romriidK';; 
Kill  broken 
only  ixeepted, 
aniong   thi: 
ive  more  au- 
liaving  been 
nd.iiits,  they 
,d  are  become 
anil  by  ile- 
ilieir  malUi-. 
lauiis ;  nay. 
obllinate,  that 
icale  them  by 
lent. 


toulhelVistlienrMf/ii/ 

vii.e  that  h.is>i" 
the  earth  ;  and 
VIS  are  lb  o- 
can  leldonion 
peace,  but  are 
oon   as  made, 

id  unjuft  pre- 

ounts  we  have 
of 


Ichap.  23-         Coafts  of  Sour  U'Gvii^E  A.  Ipj 

of  theni  tor  thcfe   two  ialt  centuries  i  and  their    force  proves  equal,  till  the  principal  Bar  dot. 

a^  they  are  not  at  all  nice    or   l'c;rupulous  men  on    both  tides  are   obliged    to  make  *'^'V^^ 

in  breaking  the  molt   tbiemn  treaties  and  peace,  at  the  defire  of  the  Ibldiery :  as  fre- 

coiivcntions  among  themtelves,  much  lefs  qucntly  happens  there  upon  t'uch  ruptures, 

are   they    fo    with   Europear.^    tlio'    they  if  it  is  near  the  fowing-time  ;  every  Ibldier 

fwear  to  and  ratify  them  ever  (b  folemn-  then  defiring   to    return  home,  to  till  the 

Iv.     Among  the   leveral  Fjimpcan  nmom,  ground,  for  they  are  loon  tired  of  lerving  in 

which  have  felt  the  difmal  eftefts  of  the  war,  without  pay,  and  at  their  own  expence, 

pcrlidioufnefs  of  tliofe  people  on  the  Co.Vi  unlets  they   happen  to  take  tome  contide- 

(;.,i;/  and  elfewhere,    the    Portuguefe   have  rable  booty    from  the  enemy, 
naibn    to   repent  it  in  a  more  particular        When  a  king  finds  himfelf  wronged  by  •f^""""''"^^ , 

manner,   efpecially    at  Commendo,    in   the  any    of  his   neighbours,    either  perlbnally'"'"'''"''" 

year  rit teen  hundred  and  fcventy,  where  a  or  in   his  tiibjefts,  and  cannot  obtain  latis- 

confiderable  number  ot   thofe  people  were  faction  by  fair  means,  he  lays  the  matter 

no   lefs    treachcroutly,    than    barbaroufly  before  his  chief  officers,    who  commonly 

compofe  his  council,  declaring   his  defign 
to  right  himfelf   by   force  of  arr 


pc 


(ti.--- 


niurJered  by   the  natives. 

VV  A  R  ■;. 
II  F.  principal    motives    of    the   wars 


T 


which  happm  among  thole  Giiire.iits, 
are  cither  ambition  or  plunder,  or  giving 
allillance  to  others  before  at  variance,  for 
wliicli  they  are  commonly  well  paid.  Sonie- 
tiiiie,  alio  they  fall  together  by  the  ears 
for  recovering  of  debts  or  upon  dilputes 
among  the  prime   men 

It  is  certainly  a  molt  uniutl  war  wiiich 
is  thus  lommenccd  for  the  recovery  ot 
tkbts,  not  pradtilld  in  any  other  part  of 
the  wurld,  an  inlbnce  whereof  is  as  follows, 
as  generally  pracHifed  at  .-/.v/w. 


rms,  and 
promifiiig  them  the  plunder,  the  hopes 
whereof  ealily  intiee  them  and  the  Ibldiery 
to  approve  of  the  king's  relblutiDii,  and  ac- 
cordingly every  man  prepares  for  the  cx- 
piditioii.  In  the  mean  time,  the  king  fends 
one  of  his  Tie-Tirs,  or  mefienger,,  to  the 
other  king,  as  his  herald,  to  decl.ire  war 
againit:  him  and  his  lubjects,  appointing 
the  time  and  place,  when  and  wlierc  he 
will  meet  him,  with  his  army;  which  the 
latter  accepts,  and  provides  his  forces  to 
meet  tiie  other  at  the  place  appointed. 
The  people  are  then  exercifed  after  their 
manner  in  both  countries,  all  of  them  ex- 


If  a  perlon   of  one  country  owes  money     pretTing  their   fatisfadtion,   by   Tinging  and 


to  a  contiderable  man  of  another,  and  is 
hukward  in  I'aying,  the  creditor  caul'es  as 
iinny  gooiis,  freemen  or  flaves  to  be  lei/.eil 
by  viohnce  and  rapine,  in  the  country 
wh.re  the  tjTdiioj.,lives,  as  will  fully  pay 
hill,  'rie.'  men  lo  fei/ed  he  puts  into 
i'on^,  an!  if  not  prefenily  redeemed,  fells 
th'Ui  to  raili:  mor.ey  to  anlwer  his  debt, 
li  the  dibtor  is  lioneft  and  able,  he  im- 
nv.'diitely  endeavo.irs  to  pay  the  debt,  to 
in  rel'.ii.  his  country-men  ;  or  it'  the  rela- 
tions ot  the  perlbns  lb  uniuilly  fei/ed,  are 
:iMe  and  powerful  enough,  they  oblige 
tl\'  dtbtor  to  fatisfy  his  creditor,  in  cafe 
I;.'  is  noL   tree  to   do  it  of  himfelf. 

If  liie  di  bt  happen^  to  be  difputable,  and 
tl-:e  debtor  unwilling  to  pay  it,  he  repre- 
feiits  lo  his  country-men  his  creditor  as  an 
imiull  perlbii,  and  that  he  is  not  obliged 
to  pay  him  any  thing.  Thefe  reafons  pre- 
vailing among  them,  he  next  endeavours 
to  make  reprizals  on  the  people  of  the 
pretended  creditor's  country.  Then  both 
(iJi.s  have  recoiirfe  to  arms,  and  watch  all 
opportunities  of  furpriy.ing  one  another.  In 
the  tirR  place,  they  labour  to  bring  over 
the  Ciiboceiroi,  or  magilVrates  to  their  party, 
,is  being  men  in  authority,  who  can  intiu- 
cnce  therett;  next,  they  endeavoui  to  gain 
the  tbldiers:  and  thus  a  war  commences 
between  two  nations  for  a  trifle,  anil  con- 
tinues till  one  of  them  is  fubdued  «  or  if 
Vol.  V. 


dancing,  being  full  of  expectation  of  the 
plunder  they  lliall  get  in  their  enemies 
country,  as  alio  very  eager  for  the  honour 
01   lliedding  their  blood. 

The  /hudfki'es  and  other  idolaters,  A;- P-^'T'"'' 
rill  s  contemporaries,  were  wholly  intent ,/,/ 
upon  booty  and  plunder  in  their  warlike 
expeditions,  as  appears  by  the  viiftory  JDii- 
f((/ obtained  over  them,  when  they  h.id  ta- 
ken and  fpoik\l  ZikLi'^b,  and  refcued  from 
tin  in  two  of  his  own  wives  .-ioiiiotp/i  and 
.■^■(^ail,  and  tlie  wives  and  children  of  his 
men,  with  all  their  belt  goods,  as  we  read 
I  S.iin.  XXX.  and  in  Jof-fhus,  lib.  6.  chap.  15. 
Much  the  tame  was  done  by  Abraham, 
long  before  D.ivid's  days,  when  he  rel- 
cued  the  king  of  Souom  and  t!ie  other 
kings  of  that  plain,  and  among  them  his 
nephew  f.o:,  from  the  four  kings  Anva- 
jlh'!,  Ario.b,  Cbi\lii-!.icmer  and  Tulal,  Gcii. 
xiv.  and  'Jo/'phiis,  lib.  i.  chup.  10. 

The  war  thus  declared,    all    men  fit  to  All  mf, 
bear  ariiT-',  above  the  age  of  twenty,    re-/""  '" 
pair  to  ttie  rendevou^,    from  all  parts  of"""' 
the  country,  in  their  martial  equigage,  leav- 
ing at  home  the  decrepit  old  men,  and  the 
Maiiii-fors  or  youths. 

The  fame  was  pradtifed  by  the  Flebnws 
at  the  beginning  of  Said's  reign,  when  be- 
ing fummoned  to  appear  in  arms,  by  his 
mcflengers  lent  into  all  parts  of  Ijrael,  and 
to  follow  him  to  the  relief  of  Jubez  of 
F  f  f  f  Galaad, 


?■    < 


-  [n 


m* 


i  1 


m 


ilii: 


:S'!'' 


''1  ■  '6'  'ii- 


|f;:*'r 


.:.'l-' 


i0-\:\ 


■ii'ijy 


;''»!•: 


294 


y^  Defer ipt ion  of  the 


^OK  III  I  Chap. 


Baui;!>t  Ga'.aaJ,  befiegcd  by  Nain,  kin^:;  ot"  the 
^^'V><'  .iminor.H  j,  tht-y  imiUL-tliatily  tormt-cl  an 
;iiniy  of  three  luindreci  iIiouI'.ukI  figluing- 
iiivii  of  Ifiady  .iikI  thirty  tiioulaiul  ot  Ju- 
iub\  lor  no  /,'/ii, 'i.'c  was  ( xemptoil  tioni 
llrving  upon  fui  li  o.cafions,  not  even  the 
piitlh  itnJ  i„:/.'<j,  from  twcniy  years  ol 
age  or  upwards. 
villitei  The  women  will  commonly  bear  their 
/'^'^'■'^''"' '"iuis'oancis  company,  with  their  chililrcn  v 
an.i  in  cale  ihf  expedition  they  go  \i^\\ 
is  like  to  l.ilt  long,  and  is  very  tar  Ironi 
ilieir  homes,  tliey  remove  all  their  belt 
cttlcls  out  of  the  town,  and  then  let  tire 
to  it,  by  that  means  to  induce  the  lol- 
tiiers  to  behave  ihemfelves  with  more  bra- 
very and  rcfoluiion.  But  it  the  war  be  not 
reckoned  of  any  continuance,  ihvy  only 
fecure  their  villages  am!  families,  in  the 
bJl   manner  thev  can. 

The  inhabitants  o\  /Is'iin,  upon  luch  oc- 
cafions  carry  over  all  their  eil'eds,  wives 
and  chiklren  in  canoes,  to  a  large  loek, 
which  is  a  mile  out  at  Ita,  norih-weft  ot 
the  Diilcb  fort  of  5/.  Aatons,  where  they 
think  tiuin  lafev  the  people  they  are  toen- 
gpge  with,  having  no  canoes  to  pal's  over 
to  tl.cm,  and  being  befides  veryKartulol 
vciiturinji  out  to  lea. 
Europciii  At  other  places  of  the  coaft,  tiiolc  who 
forii  pro-  live  und.r  the  command  of  h.ui'orea'i  forts, 
'"'''"  put  ail  their  lamilies  and  elVcrts  into  them, 
an.i  if  worded  in  war  take  flicker  there 
themlelves,  as  in  the  year  lixteen  hundretl 
eighty  feven,  none  of  the  natives  of  .la a 
li.'.d,  elca])ed  the  tury  of  the  viCloriuos.-Zy/^rtw- 
/)?,.-'(,  h.ul  not  the  governour  of  the  Dutih 
fort  of  Creveruur  opened  the  gates  to  re- 
ceive all  ihe  .hrit  men,  who  were  totally 
routed,  and  fecured  ilum  by  firing  all  the 
guns  upon  the  Jjiiambsei,  which  kept  tirem 
at  a  dillancc. 

Thole  nations  of  the  coall,  which  arc 
fommonwealths,  llldom  fend  a  men'enger 
to  declare  war  againfl:  the  people  tlv.  y  have 
refolved  to  attack  -,  but  when  the  Ciiw- 
iciros  or  niugillr.ues  have  had  it  under  con- 
fuleration,  together  with  the  Manicrot-s,  or 
young  men,  as  for  inltance,  at  //.viw,  and  got 
together  their  forces,  they  make  an  irruption, 
:'.lter  a  perfidious  manner,  into  the  country 
ihey  have  pitched  upon,  tho'  they  were  in 
full  peaee,  without  the  Icall  ncjiification  , 
and  thus  kill  and  plunder  all  before  them. 
Tiie  injured  n.ition  will  no  doubt  eiulea- 
vour  to  revenge  that  breach  of  faith,  and 
if  too  weak  to  do  it  alone,  then  hires  ano- 
ther to  alFill  it,  for  a  (ert.iin  fum  of  money, 
fekloni  ixceeiling  iixty  marks  ot  gold-,  for 
wliich  fmall  fum  an  .iriny  is  to  be  had  there, 
Well  armeil  and  ready  to  eng.ige,  but  not 
very  formidable,  the  plunder  lieing  their 
chief  aim  and  cncourageiiwiit ;  tho'  it  often 


Ccmmm- 

vtt.iUhs 

tcrfidhui. 


happens  that  they  come  off  with  a  good 
beating. 

The  money  they  receive  for  afillling  an-/,,,,., 
other  nation  with  their  forces,  is  at  Axnnfair. 
divided  among  the  C.'.b(.c  eiros  and  Mivi. 
i,-roa,  but  with  great  difproportion  ;  for 
the  former  being  crafty  and  fuperiors,  io 
order  the  matter,  that  the  latter  hardly 
get  a  third,  or  a  fourth  part  among  therti 
all,  which  fometimes  does  amount  to  a 
crown  a  man. 

The  plunder,  if  any  is  got,  according  to,,, 
tlie  cufloni  ought  to  be  applied  to  ddray 
the  expcnce  of  the  war,  and  what  remains 
above  to  be  divided  ;  but  every  man  lays 
hold  of  what  he  can,  without  rcgartling 
the  publick.  If  no  booty  lan  be  had  w^, , 
the  expedition,  the  young  men,  or  Man  <:., 
cc'roes,  often  defert  and  return  home,  biin? 
under  no  oblig.ition  to  flay  abroad  am 
longer  than  they  think  fit,  tho'  under  anv 
particular  officer  or  comni.inder,  whole  au- 
thority extends  not  beyond  ihole  who  are 
his  proper  Haves  •,  for  the  freemen  own  r.o 
aiu.'iority,  not  even  that  of  their  govern  us, 
unl.  Is  compelltti  by  .1  l"u(Krior  power.  'I'ia,. 
it  often  falls  out,  that  the  leader  advancin.; 
lorcmofl  towards  the  enemy,  is  followid 
but  by  a  few,  which  renders  their  war 
like  expeditions  very  precarious  and  uncer- 
tain. 

The  Eiigl^fljMd  Dht-h  at  the  coaft  liavcHi„j 
often  had  occafion   10  hire  auxiliary  forcestum 
of  the  Blacks  their  allies  againll  their  eiie-i''- 
mies,  but  the  Dttuh  more  frequently  tli.m 
the  Eiiglijl;  and  a  body  of  men  compnlt;d 
of  four  or  five  leveral  nations,  kept  three 
or  four  years  in    their  pay,  either  againll 
Comiiieiul)  or  any  others,  did  not  colt  them 
above  two  huntlrctl  marks  ol  golil,  which 
is  about  fix  thouland  pound  flerling,   he- 
fuks  the  damage    received    in  their  com- 
merce. 

A    national    oilenfive  war    is  often  c.ir  ,„,j 
rietl   on   there  with  an   army    of  four  wtn- 
live  thouland  men  in  the  lield,  but  ,1  de 
lenfive  retjuircs  more  ;  tho'  fometimes  ilieir 
armies  ilo  not  amount  to  above  two  thou 
land  men,  which  fhows  how  inconfideiMhlc 
fome    of   thole   nations  on  the  Gvld  Cc.i,: 
are.     The  Aiiiamboa  and  J'untsn  are  to  he 
exceptctl,  the  latter  being  able  in  a  llioii 
liiric    to  raile    twenty    live  thouland   nun, 
and  the  former  a  much  greater  number. 

In    the  year  fixteen  hundred  eighty  two,,,.,, ^ 
when  1   was  at  /Jcia,    the  /Iquamboa  .uul,,,;. ., 
Jkim  nations,    were    adfu.dly  facing  c.icli'in 
other,    twelve  leagues  from  ,A;-,(    up  the 
inland,    each    army    conlilling  of    .ihoiii 
twelve  tlioul.md  men. 

'Ihe  inland  n.itions,  either  monarchies  or 
common-we.dths,  as  ,4kim  ami  J/l.eHlt;  can 
railc  numerous  armies ;   but  on  the  coalt, 

tho' 


Book  III  I  Chap.  23.  Coajls  0/ South-Guinea. 


^9') 


vich  a  good 

■  affillingan-/,,,,,;. . 
,  is  at  Jxiinfmt.'l 
is  and  Man- 
iportion  ;  to; 
luperior«,  lo 
latter  hardly 
among  them 
imount    to  a 


vim 


accordinp;  to 
licil  to  iklray 
what  remains 
cry  man  lays 
)ut  regarding 
an  be  had  my^  ^ 
len,  or  A/o/j. ;; ,, 

home,  being 
f  abroad  any 
ho'  under  anv 
Jer,  whole  aii- 
ihole  wiio  are 
eemtn  own  r.o 
leir  govcrnirs, 
r  power.  Tim, 
ider  advancing 
/,  is  tollowtd 
ers  their  w.ir- 
ous  and  iinccr- 

thc  coad  havL'H,„j 
luxiliary  t'orcesti;.i. 
linll  tiuir  cne-l''^'  > 
Vcquently  than 
men  comjiokd 
ns,  i<cpt  tiucf 
either  againft 
not  coll  them 
I  gold,  which 
ilerliiig,   he- 
in  their  corn- 
is  often  c.if  ^,„j 
ly    ot    lour  o\'">: 
ill,  but  a  do- 
imetinie.>,  ilieir 
|]ve   two  thou 
inconfider.ihlc 
tile  (toiil  C0.1,! 
\nl\ii  are  to  In: 
ible  in  a  llion 
ihoiiland   nun, 
later  nuniher. 
Id  eighty  two.,,,, 
tlijiiiimlioi'i  and,,,.: 
facing  e.ich'"' 
/lii-a   up  the 
ing  of    alioui 

I  monarchies  01 
|i  .1li.ciitt\  cm 
on  the  coalt 

tho' 


■firtrJlt. 


iho'  five  or  fix  nations  join  themfeives  as 
auxih,irics  to  any  one,  they  can  r.irely 
make  an  army  of  twenty  five  thoufand  men. 
For  this  reafnn,  befides  their  natural 
cowardil'e,  few  men  arc  killed  in  batde  •, 
an'l  if  ever  a  rlio.ilaiid  men  happen  to  be 
fl.iin  upon  the  fpot,  they  look  upon  it  as  a 
viry  extraordinary  aftion.  They  arc  for 
thi.  i.iofV  part  i"o  timorous,  that  as  loon  as 
ever  they  fee  a  man  fall  by  them,  they 
betake  themfeives  to  their  heels,  and  make 
the  belt  of  their  way  home  ■,  and  it  often 
happens,  that  fcarre  nn  hundred  men  are 
killed,  tho*  one  party  has  drove  the  enemy 
out  of  the  field,  and  obtained  a  complete 
vidlory. 

The  armies  are  generally  headed  by  their 
kings  in  perfon,  attended  by  their  guards, 
or,  for  want  ofkin|;';,  by  the  generals,  who 
have  their  fiilvordinate  officers.  The  general 
commonly  cirries  a  white  ftali"  in  his  hand, 
to  denote  his  poU.  The  oScers  under  him 
!  wear  caps  made  of  the  flsins  of  elephants, 
or  biillaloes,  in  the  nature  ot  helmets  uar- 
nilhed  with  the  jawbones  of  men,  killed  by 
them  in  b.ittle.  Others  adorn  them  ',vith 
red  and  white  Ihells  goatsdiorns,  and  idols. 
Others  a^am  have  caps  made  in  the  Ihape 
of  morions,  of  lions,  tygers,  or  crocodile's 
ll'iins,  covered  all  over  with  ears  of  IihUuii 
vdieat,  cocks-leL;s,  feathers,  monkeys  fkulls, 
and  other  charms.  They  all  carry  on  their 
left  arms,  ihields  inade  of  o/.icr,  covered 
with  the  Ikinsof  elephants,  oxen  or  tygers, 
and  the  infide  lined  with  goats  ikins.  In 
the  right  h.in,l  they  carry  .i  javelin  •,  and  at 
their  tide  a  very  broad  fword,  with  two 
knives  iVicking  in  their  girdle,  which  being 
nisde  of  the  country  cloth,  or  IhilV,  they 
^ind  about  their  waill,  and  between  their 
legs  fo  th.it  a  long  tail  of  it  hangs  out 
heliind.  Odicta  ot  the  officers  adorn  their 
necks  with  ivory  rings,  or  llrings  of  fea- 
Iiorfs  tcetii,  and  e.ich  of  ihem  is  attended 
by  his  Have,  arm'd  with  a  ciitlace  by  his 
lide,  and  a  bow  and  cjuiver  tuUot  arrows  in 
his  hands. 

The  loldiers  are  varioufly  eqifipp'd  for 
w.ir  i  fome  of  them  with  mufkets,  or  fire- 
lot  ks  and  cutlacts  by  their  fidts,  and  thole 
are  generally  in  the  front  of  the  army  ; 
others  are  armed  with  javelins,  bows  ami 
arrow;,broail  fwordsaiid  knives, or  bayonets. 
Their  bodies  are  all  over  fmear'd  with  yel- 
low, white,  red  and  grey  colours,  laid  on 
like  tiames,  or  crofts,  very  hideous  to  be- 
hold ;  having  about  their  neck  a  ring  of 
Irjme  c^nfccr.ited  bough,  as  a  cliarm  or 
fpell,  which  they  look  upon  .is  a  wonder- 
ful fit-oe  ftion  againft  the  enemy's  we.ipons. 

The  a!  cicnt  linionf,  \Ve  fiuvl  in  hiftory, 
uled  to  paint  themfeives  with  woad,  that 
they  iriijlit  appear  more  terrible  in  fight. 


The  fame  is  ftill  done  by  fcvcral  Imlia>i  na-n\Ri!oT. 
lions  in   iVorib  /Imcrica.  v^-y"*^ 

Every  one  of  the  foldiers  has  befides,  n  _,irm,  arJ 
fliield  fw  foot  long,  and  three  toot  broad,  w»v  of 
covered  with  cows,  fheeps,  or  goats  nvins.'"'"'''""^' 
Thole  who  live  under  the  Eiu-opain  forts, 
commonly  carry  the  colours  of  the  nation 
under  whole  protcftion  they  are  ;  and  each 
Brajfo  or  Caboceim  leads  his  hand,  more  or 
lets  numerous,  as  it  happens,  to  the  general 
rendevou/.  of  the  anny,  marching  without 
any  order  ordifcipline,  but  after  a  confulcd 
manner,  fingingand  howling  all  the  way. 

Every  man,  upon  thofe  expeditior.s,  takes  Protiy/w! 
along  with  him  provifions  tor  eight  or  ten 
d.iys,  being  corn,  dogs  and  flieep's  tlelli. 

The  national  great  drum,  I  have  fpoken 
of  bei'ore,  '-onfecrated  by  tlie:r  prietts,  is 
carried  by  one  of  the  grcatdl  men  after  the 
king,  anil  with  the  fame  honour  and  vene- 
r.ition  as  was  the  Oripim;ni\  or  banner  of 
St.  Drruis,  m  Fr,ir:te  :  and  J:i  T.'lj,  in  his 
collection  of  the  kings  ot  y-K7«a',  &e.  p.  ^:!2. 
obfervcs,  that  thii  Orijj imm,-  was  highly  re- 
fpccled  among  the  l-'re::cb,  the  king  caufing 
it  to  be  c.iriied  in  the  army  upon  the  gre.iteir 
warlike  expeditions  i  and  that  the  ollke  ot' 
the  0.'77/.iv;/;>f-bearer  was  ft)  honourable, 
that  in  the  reign  of  Chiirl;s  \'.  Mc^jlr^  .Ii- 
Hotil  i"  Endroebaii  laid  down  \\u  olFice  of 
marflial  of  Frame;  to  carry  the  Orljlunme  ; 
and  all  that  bore  it  were  to  receive  the  fa- 
crament,  and  to  taft  .it  the  time  vjf  their 
admilTion  to  that  olfio'. 

The  B'.uki   a.-e    tot.dly   ignor.mt  of  the  .NV/-ic(w/>- 
manner  of  incaiiiping  -,  nor  have  they  any  "'A'  ■"■  "-'Z- 
b.iggagc  or  tents,   but  all  lie  in  the  open  air  r-^'"'^'"' 
neither  have  they  ,uiy  better  rule  or  nv.  thod 
in  fight,  but  every  ciiief  olHcer  has  his  band 
c.lofe  together  in  a  throng,  himlelt' being  in 
the  center  of  it. 

When  the  armies  are  come  in  fight,  they  AMn„fr  cf 
encour.ige  one  another  to  behave  themtelvesA''-"- 
manlully,  and  give  the  ch,irge  with  horrid 
cries  and  howling  ;  attacking  the  enemy 
man  to  man,  or  one  parcel  againll  another, 
firit  with  their  javelins,  which  they  dart  very 
dexteroully,  and  then  with  their  bows  and 
arrows,  when  every  man  lilts  up  his  fliield, 
to  cover  hinifelf  ;  whilll  the  women,  who 
are  very  often  fpcdators,  add  their  cries  and 
howling  to  the  noifc  of  the  drums  and 
trumpets,  and  the  fliouts  of  the  men.  It 
often  happens,  that  a  commander  feeing 
fome  other  of  his  fellow-officers  furioufly 
att.u  k'd,  and  perhaps  hard  put  to  it,  chutes 
rather  to  run  away,  than  Hand  his  ground, 
even  before  he  has  llruck  a  Itroke,  or  ven- 
tured one  brulli  i  which  example  he  who  is 
engag'd  will  fbon  imitate,  it  hard  preireJ, 
unlets  I'o  entangled  with  the  enemy  that  he 
cannot  do  it,  and  fo  is  obliged  to  gain  the 
reputation  of  being  a  goodloldier, 

Thr 


ii 


:p,(i..!' 


lii  itfi 


i  >i 


1^6 


A  Defcriptioft  of  the 


Book  IIJ. 


liiiil-^iiit: 


J.^ 


vlii 


1:--!?^ 


R.vuior.  Tlio  ir.ufkctecrs  ilo  not  (land  upright  .i- 
■"■^V^^  g.iinit  one  another,  but  run  on  Hooping, 
'^'"'''"■"^^thit  their  enemy's  bullets  may  tly  over  their 
luails.  Others  creep  upelole  to  the  enemy, 
aiul  kt  fly  among  them,  and  then  rim  back 
to  iheir  own  men,  as  tall  as  their  legs  can 
carry  them,  to  load  again,  and  repeat  the 
faiTiJ  action  :  lo  that  lietwe^n  their  Hooping, 
creeping,  (lamping,  (kipping  and  howling, 
their  engagcni.nts  look  more  like  aiiiick 
re,nvfentations,  th.in  real  battles. 
Cnr-liy  (.'"  Thus  they  tight  and  Ikirmilli,  till  one 
liiUri.  fi  !e  or  til.'  other  is  qaite  routed,  when  tlie 
vielorsule  all  tliole  they  can  come  at  very 
inhiuii.inly,  killing  even  tlie  women  and 
children,  who,  as  has  been  Tail,  often  (ollow 
llie  men  into  the  field.  It"  the  vanq.iiflied 
par;  y  lie  any  ot  th  ir  irreci.ntileablc  enemies, 
the  conquciors  1.1  lom  or  nev.r  give  them 
(iu..rr;r,  or  (how  the  le.iil  ni.rcy,  but  lom- 
monly  cut  oil'  the  lie.ul^  of  the  (lain -,  and 
il"  any  tail  into  their  ha:ut.-.  alive,  they  cut, 
or  rather  ten'  oil"  their  un.'  r  jaws,  and  lb 
leave  tlum  to  p^'rilli  and  (larve.  A  Co.'/i- 
ine<ul'  m.ui  afilireil  me,  heiii.ldon.'  I'>  by 
twenty  t!re.-  men  ..Iter  a  baiile  ;  firft  Liv- 
ing tlie  in.in  down,  then  cutting  his  f.icc 
from  tiie  ears  to  t!'.e  mo.ith,  and  fetiing 
liis  kn.es  on  the  (tom.icit  of  the  unfortu- 
nate wrereh,  with  botli  h.uids  tore  oil"  tlie 
ua.ler  j.iws,  leaving  him  in  that  miferahlc 
con.htion,  wallowing  in  his  blood,  till  lie 
expired  ;  t,d<ing  tlie  jaws  of  them  .ill  home 
with  him,  as  tcllimonies  of  his  bravery  ; 
wliieh  g  lined  him  cxir.io.'tlinary  reput.ition 
among  iii-^  eountiymen,  .mK\  high  ai.ipLuife 
at  their  pihliek  fialli  .uid  i-cjoicings,  w'lere 
i'ome  ne-.v  name  w.is  add.'d  to  l;is  former, 
as  has  beui  liinted  i)ct'jre  to  have  been  done 
by  thole  .//"/;.((>«  \\\xm  f.;eli  occafion;. 

Oiliers  are  fomonilroi- cruel  and  f.ivage, 
.1".  ro  lip  open  th:  bellies  of  women,  witli 
their  ho.iked  knives,  from  the  womb  to 
tlte  navel,  if  big  with  child,  to  take  out 
the  int.mc,  and  dalh  it  againlt  the  motlier's 
head. 

Th.j  n.uion.il  hatred  ihofe5.'<;ivj  bear  to  one 
ano'.her,  is  more  or  kfs,  accortling  to  times 
and  accidents.  For  inftance,  the  people  of 
Co»im  lu'o,  who  are  otten  at  v.iriance  with 
(ever.il  of  ilie  countries  round  .ibout  them, 
on  accidental  quarrels,  are  latiftied  with 
le.uling  :hem  away  into  (lavery,  without 
ufnig  them  lb  unmercilully  when  they  have 
the  upper  hand,  as  they  will  the  nations  of 
.<^/'/ and  .I.ijih'z,  their  irreconcileable  ene- 
mies, for  many  years p;:ft:  for  in  their  wais 
with  thofe  people,  their  battles  are  horrid 
llaugluers,  and  they  are  fo  tar  from  giving 
any  quarter  on  either  fide,  th.it  their  rage 
rather  induces  them  tofeall  on  ihetlelliof 
their  dead  adverlaries,  and  carefully  to  jire- 
ferve  the  jaws  and  Ikulls  of  all  they  can 
come   at  ,    with  which  they   adorn    their 


hJlrtil  of 
'•ilio'tl. 


dru^is,  or  the  gites  or  doors  of  their 
manfions  •,  or  if  rlie  number  be  too  confi- 
derable,  and  they  tired  with  the  (laughter, 
tliey  drive  thofe  that  remain  alive  home  to 
their  habit.itions,  beating  and  reviling  them, 
and  there  fell  them  for  (lives  to  the  Euro- 
pe.i'ii,  which  many  .imong  them  think  worfe 
than  tin.  molt  inhuman  death. 

'riicre  are  other  indances  of  the  barbarities  ^4,^  , 
the /?.'.?,  {•(  are  wont  to  excrcife  over  their n/i,,' 
conquerM  enemies.  When  a  general  has 
happen'd  to  take  Ibme  of  the  chief  of  the 
enemy ,  he  has  wounded  them  in  many  places 
and  fuck'ii  their  blood  at  thofe  wounds,  and 
not  f itislied  with  th.it  monllrous  inhumanity, 
caufeil  Ibme  to  be  bound  ,it  his  feet,  and 
th  ir  bodies  to  be  piaced  with  hot  irons, 
leathering  the  blooil  that  illlied  from 
tliem  in  a  vellcl,  one  iialf  of  which  he 
drink,  and  olVered  up  the  relt  to  his  deities. 

'liule  arc  certainly  inltaiues  of  a  very Cr,„/v 
dejiravcd,  cruel  temper  in  men  \  and  vet '"''■>'' 
m  leh  inferior  to  wliat  Ginilalfo  de  la  I'cga 
i:ci  relates,  .ifter  /■'.  Biiic  y.il-.-nt,  in  the 
eleventii  chapter  of  his  hi'^ory  o(  the  hum 
ot  Pan,  of  the  natives  of  the  country  .of 
the  ./////.(,  eaft  ot  los  Cb.iiras,  in  Cbili ;  who 
would  cut  off  the  Hefliy  parts  of  the  bodies 
ot  their  enemies  taken  in  war  alive,  and 
mad.-  fid  to  polls,  with  fliarp  Hones,  lii<e 
ilints  ;  men,  womi'n,  and  children,  Uin"^ 
cxcelFive  greedy  vi  human  flelli  :  and  thus 
tliey  would  eat  it  raw,  in  the  fight  of  thole 
milerable  creatures,  and  fwallow  it  down 
without  I'o  mud)  as  chewing  ;  the  women 
rubbin:;  their  nipples  with  the  blood,  th.it 
their  children  mi_i.;lir  fuck  it  in  with  their 
milk  ;  coniimung  that  bloody  execution, 
whiih  tluy  cailM  .1  lacrihec,  till  the  pril"o;;crs 
expired.  II  tluy  obl(.rved  the  priiimer, 
whillt  they  lormenied  him,  to  Ihow  the 
le.dl  fenle  of  his  pain  in  his  i'.ici',  or  by 
any  motion  of  his  body,  or  to  gio.in  or 
(umpl.iin.  they  bruited  or  pound.ed  all  liis 
bones,  and  (Irewed  them  on  dunghils,  or 
in  I'ivers ;  but  if,  on  the  other  hand,  he 
ainic.ired  unmoved  and  fierce  in  his  futrer- 
ings,  then,  after  eating  all  his  lleth  and  en- 
trails, they  ilried  tlie  finews  and  bones  in 
the  fun,  plac'd  tlum  on  the  top,  of  moun- 
t.iins,  ami  there  >vorniipped  them  as  r.ods. 
That  race  of  inhuman  men,  the  lame  au- 
thor ailds,  came  from  .Wc.\(<o,  and  peopled 
f';e  countries  about  Acvw  and  A;/;.;wj,; -, 
whence  it  fpre.ul  farther,  along  thofe  valt 
mountains,  which  run  from  S  inta  AL  .,, 
to  the  new  kingtlom  of  Granada.  The 
faid  author,  in  another  part  of  his  hidory, 
calls  thole  monllrc  ,Canmbali,  Chiriginuus. 
.Several  nations  o(  north  Amiri: a  are  no  Ids 
barbarous  to  their  enemies,  taken  in  war, 
th.m  the  liiid  C'lin^tiaHiu,  or  the  'Ja^os,  to 
theeadwartl  ol  Congo,  olwhoin  niorein  the 
fupplfinent.    The  fame  Gurcilnjfu  de  la  yega 

gives 


Book  III.  I  Chap.  23.         Coafts  of  Sooth-Guinea. 


297 


rs  oF  their 
too  confi- 
z  fl,iughter, 
'e  home  to 
vilingthem, 

0  ilie  Euro- 
think  worfe 

:  barb:»rici«  B4,i„; 
•   over  their  i-i/»(. 
gcntT.'.l    h;is 
chief  of  tiie 
m.iny  jil.ites 
A/oumis,  ami 
inhumanity, 
his  feet,  and 
\  liot   irons, 
lilued     from 
f   which    he 
D  his  deities, 
■s  of  a  very  Cr:,ti  \. 
n  s   and  yet™"" 
To  (li  la  /  V^J 
!l:Tii,   in  thi- 
'  of  the  Jiic:n 
\e  country  of 

1  C/.'ili ;  who 
of  tiie  bodies 
.r  alive,  and 
■>  rtones,  Uke 
ildren,  bring 
111  :  and  thus 
fi'j.ht  oi  thofe 
illow  it  down 
1;  the  women 
e  blood,  that 

n  with  their 

y  cxLCution, 

thcprifoncrs 

ic    prifoncr, 

to  Ihow  the 

lace,  or    by 

)    giD.in  or 

ndad  all  his 

hinj^rhiU,  or 

ler   liand,  he 

in   his  fufl'cr- 

llclli  and  en- 

ind  bones  in 

jp-.  of  moun- 

hem  as  gods. 

the  fame  au- 

and  peopled 

lid  P,iuam,i  i 

nff  thofevad 

iiita  M.    '.., 

viiula.     The 

lis  hillory, 


Chiri^uuuii. 
ic  a  are  no  Icfs 
akcn  in  war, 
the  JiiX''S,  to 
n  more  in  the 
\Jfu  lie  III  yega 
givc'i 


(fives  an  account  of  no  lef.  barbarities  com- 
mitted by  the  lalt  //;■•.;,  /liabutilpa,  after 
liis  revolt  againft  Ihuifon-  Iiir.i,  his  brother 
by  the  father's  fule,  and  dethroned  him,  as 
niiy  be  leeii  iu  his  ninth  book,    chap.  36, 

To  return  to  Ciii'iea,  when  the  Blacks 
...  Iiave  obtain'-nl  a  compleat  viftury  c.-er  .1 
nation  that  is  ri -h  .'lul  we.dthy,  they  enter 
the  eouirry  with  fire  .ukI  fword-,  and  having 
pliinvlered  all  th.U  is  worth  carrying  away, 
iv.iinsihe  town  and  vill.iges,  making  utter 
i!c!olation  wiierefoever  they  come,  and 
then  return  home,  carrying  before  them  all 
thetok'ns  of  vidtory,  and  particularly  the 
lu'.'.d',  of  the.  enemie;  fl.iin,  on  the  points  ot 
their  fvvordsor  j.ivelir.s.  When  arrived  at 
tlv  ir  i<)\vn«,  they  folemnize  their  triimi[>h 
wi:h  fe.idinir,  .md  other  publiik  demoii- 
Ih-a'ions  ol    iov,   forfn'een,   or  twenty  day; 


1.1  o 


■iTw-  ly,   .Keording     >   ih 


grcatnefs  of 
lU.-  fuecilsi  ex|)oling  to  publiek  view  all 
the  piifoiiers  they  have  brought  home,  whom 
i!ry  kee|)  fdl  liiJiMul,  or  ni  iron;,  till  there 
!■;  ,;n  oppominiiy  to  difi.ole  ol  thtni  :  and 
llir  their  ;.;re,iier  iiionirK.iiiun,  they  mull 
b  ■  always  prelent  a,,  their  rejoicings.  F.very 
war  after,  t!ie  aniiiverlary  of  the  vidtory 
i's  alio  obfervetl  on  the  fame  day  it  hap- 
pened. 
,  Ano'.her  ., (lance  of  the  favage  temper 
1.17  of  thefe  P'.i.ks  of  .'hi-w,  befides  what  I 
have  mentioned  above,  towarils  their  ene- 
mies, [  fli.tll  now  give  of  wh.it  is  done 
among  tin  mill ves,  in  the  fame  (lerfon  l.dl 
nuntioned,  for  hi  1  inliumanity  towards  his 
enemies  of  ./uta.  Th.it  monller,  bein^j; 
told,  th.ir  one  of  hi;  vviees,  witliout  any 
1!!  defh:',n,  hid  jvrmitted  -.i  Bi\tc!i  to  look 
ii|"in  li-i  n.'.v-iail'.ion'deor.d, without  taking; 
It  fioiiiher  n.ek,  tin/  the  peojde  of  .-IJiiu 
allew  I  heir  v.ives  all  hoii.ll  lib.rty  of  con- 
verlaii'in,    ivtii  witli    their   (live-.;    was  lb 


ir.r.i^.vl   with    that  innocent  i'reedom,  th.U 

!■,■■  eai;K'd  both  the  wile  ami 


flavc  to  be  put 


10  vleaih, 


r.'J.".; 


a)ki  drank  their  blood,  as  he 
uud  to  vlo  that  of  ills  cnemie.s  Ano- 
ther time,  the  la'.iie  brute,  tor  (bine  fueh 
t'ivial  matter,  cauled  the  h.mds  of  one  ol 
:,;>  wives  to  be  cut  oli,  and  .iftcrwards, 
in  deriCmn,  would  bid  her  look  lice  in  his 
l-.cv.d,  as  is  ul'ual  lor  them  to  do,  the  men 
hjing  their  heads  in  the  somen's  laps  •,  and 
he  took  mueh  pleafure  at  his  horrid  jelt. 
This  may  ferve-  to  evince  the  bloody  temper 
of  thole  puiple. 

The  booty  the  g'  nerality  of  the  com- 
mon BIdiks  is  I'o  lond  of,  coiifills  of  pri- 
foners,  gold  ornaments  ot  leveral  forts,  co- 
ral, and  ibingsot  beads  ;  the  inland  peo[)le 
being  ufually  drell'ed  in  the  richeft  manner, 
when  they  go  tow.ir:  tome  of  them  being 
fo  lo.idrd  wall  orninieiits,  that  they  can 
Icarce  lUr  under  them. 

Vol.  V. 


The  Bl^ki  of  the  Gold  Coaft  comtnonly  Barhot, 
keep  niotl  of  their  prilbiiers  of  war  as  ^"^V>^ 
(laves,  unlels  they  arc  ranlbmed  by  ihem- 
lelves  or  friends,  uc  a  good  rate  •,  and  the 
greater  the  perlbn  r.iken,  the  more  con- 
(iilerable  ranlbm  is  expeded  for  him, 
and  he  is  carctidly  guaided  till  that  be 
paid. 

If  the  perlbn  that  occafioncd  the  vnr '^'">g">i»ile 
be  taken,  ihey  will  not  eafily  admit  him./'''^"'  ■> 
toraiiliiiu,  tho'heoii'er  his  weight  in  gold, 
but  will  keep  him  clolely  confined,  that  he 
may  (or  the  luture  attempt  no  more  to 
trouble  their  country  with  another  war  ; 
or  ellc  they  fell  him  away  into  bond.ige. 
So  that  here  the  greatell:  king  is  not  free 
Irom  (liviry,  in  his  turn,  in  cafe  he  be 
made  prifoner  of  war  in  the  rout  of  his 
army  -,  tor  fometim  s  the  ranfom  demand- 
ed lor  him,  is  to  hiii;ri,  that  neither  liim- 
lelf,  niM-  all  his  friends  together,  are  capable 
i)f  raidiig  it,  and  fo  he  i-,  left  inp.rpetu.il 
lervitude,  and  reduced  to  work  with  the 
m. anell  ot  tlavcs.  A'.d  wiih  Ibnie  others 
in  thole  occurrences,  their  fate  has  been, 
to  be  cruelly  ui.illiicred  by  the  victorious 
enemy,  v;ho  l.iw  no  piofpe^t  nor  hopes, 
that  his  i)rilbiier  was  able  to  pay  an  exor- 
bitant ranlbm. 

The    wars  which  happen    betwixt    two 
ablblute  kings,  commonly  lilt  m.my  years, 
or  till    one   ot  them  is    (|uite   fubdued    or 
ruined.     Their  armies  lie  all   the  while  ia 
the  field,  without  attempting  any  thing  be- 
fides   a  tew  Ikirmilhes  -,    ,inA  each    returns 
liome.igaiiill  the  rainy  weather, wiihout  mo- 
Lilitio:)  on  either  (ide,  according  as  their  cr/i/Ty 
priells   rule  them:    for  wiihout  their  direc-fi'/?'- 
tions  the  /j'Ad  Ij  are  not  ealily  prevailed  upon 
to  ha/.irda  b.ittle  jthole  eratiy  knaves  having 
luch.iii  induence   over  tiie   pjoplc  in  ^rene- 
ral,    th.U   it   lies   in    their  bread  to  advife 
them  to  fight,  or  not  to  figlit,  uiulrr  the 
l'[)ecious  [iretence,  that  their  gods  have,   or 
have  not  declared  in    favour  of  them  ;  and 
it  ibme  lefs  fcrupulous  nation  will  attempt 
it,    they  threaten  ic  vsitli  ill  luccefs.     They 
Icldom  .idvife  them   to  light,  till  t!iey   are 
fully   convinced,    that  their  .amy  is  much 
t'uperiiir  ami   (Ironger   than    the    enemy's, 
and  their  loldiery  well  dilpoled   for  adion, 
but  always  with  a  referve  ;  i'o  that  if  itluc- 
cecds  contrary  to    their  expeftation,  they 
never  want  An  exeul'e  to  clear  ti.emfelves, 
laying  the  blame  on  the  commanilers  or  lol- 
diers,  as  having  committal  foine  overfight, 
or  done  fomething  th.U  wis  not  to  be  done  ; 
for  which  reafon,  they  fay,  the  whole  army 
is   punitheii.     So  that  let  the  event  prove 
how  it   will,   the  pricll;  is   infallibly  inno- 
cent,   ami  his  charader    always  maintains 
its  own  reputation  .uid  power. 

I  have  already,    in   another  place,  men- 
tioned   how  dexterous   the   B^dcks   are    at 
G  g  g  g  handling 


t  I'i 


'■■  !;,<»>! 


imi'^u. 


•ly.iit  A.  '  ^    I . 


298 


y^  Defcripthn  of  the 


Book  III.  I  Chap. 


BARBoT.h:indling  ihfii  fire-arms,  as  alfo  how  they 
t'^/'V)  manage  tlieir  j.ivclins,    fwords  and  bows, 
P-,  aifo  how  ridiculous  their  warlike  drefs 
i<; ;  and  I  fhall  not  therefore  need  to  rcpe.it 
it. 
Citnnon  As  for  c.mnon,  they  are  bi-t  of  little  ufe  to 

liitU  Hy;./.  thc-m,  tlio'  fome  kings  of  the  coalt  have  a 
tew,  as  particularly  the  king  of  Saboc, 
which  they  bought  from  fome  EiDopcan 
traders  at  the  coafl  •,  but  they  ufe  them  in 
a  flovcnly  manner.  This  king  of  Saboe 
had  his  cannon  in  the  fic'.d,  but  never  made 
ull-  of  ihem  againft  the  enemy  for  want  of 
fl<ill,  fo  that  they  ferve  oiily  to  fiie,  by 
way  of  falutcs ;  of  which  thofe  nations  are 
extremely  fond. 

Treaties. 

tlT  } 1 1'.  N  two  conti .iding  nations  are  to 
^^  treat  of  peace,  the  kings  on  either 
fide  agree  upon  a  proper  place  to  treat, 
either  in  perlbn  or  by  tiieir  officers  ;  and 
when  the  treaty  is  concluded,  they  both 
fwt-ar  by  their  dcilie.i  to  maintain  it  in- 
violably, and  to  live  in  real  fricndfhip  and 
gcoil  'i.irmony  together  \  and  for  a  pledge 
of  thiir  finceiiry,  deliver  hoftages  to  each 
otlu  r  n  ciproc.dly  :  which  being  done,  the 
rell  of  that  day  is  fpent  in  feafting  and 
dancing  together,  and  often  giving  one  an- 
other frelli  repeated  afllirances  of  their  re- 
folution  to  keep  the  faid  peace.  When  that 
is  over,  each  king  returns  to  his  own  1  ome, 
with  his  hoftages,  who  being  commonly 
perfons  of  confideration  in  their  native 
country,  are  maintained  and  fubfifted,  an- 
fwcrahle  to  their  charafter. 

I'pon  adjufting  of  differences  betwixt 
pri\ate  perfons  of  note  about  Mina  and 
( ape  Coi-'o,  tliey  ufe  frequently  to  give 
each  other  hoftages,  of  their  own  children 
or  near  relations,  for  an  afllirance  of  fin- 
ceriiy  and  cordiality  to  maintain,  or  per- 
form the  conditions  of  their  conventions 
and  contrads.  And  even  the  kings  give 
themfelves  up  as  fuch  pledges,  on  fome  ex- 
traordinary oGcafions  ;  as  it  happened  at 
Corfo,  in  the  year  fixteen  hundre'.I  eighty 
one,  v.hen  the  king  of  Fetu,  iho'  near 
fixty  yeai'<  of  age,  and  one  of  the  greateft 
monarchs  ot  the  Gold  Coafl,  delivered  him- 
felf  as  hoftage  to  the  Ettg!i/b  agent,  in  a 
place  commanded  by  the  cannon  of  thtir 
cartlc,   for  eighteen  flaves,   who  had  fled 


from  the  caftle,  into  the  town  of  Corfa ; 
vrhere  they  were  protcfted  by  the  in- 
habitants,  who  would  not  return  them  to 
the  Engliflj  upon  any  terms ;  which  hail 
obliged  the  Englijh  agent,  to  point  his  am% 
at  the  town  to  frighten  them:  but  thoff. 
Corfo-Blacks,  far  from  complying,  came  ouv 
about  feven  or  ei"ht  hundred  in  a  body, 
and  armed  to  a'Mck  the  caftle,  which  forced 
the  EngH/b  10  iire  their  cannon  in  earneft. 
on  the  fcditious,  killing  fifty  or  fixty  ot 
them  •,  and  they  on  their  part,  killed  fome 
few  Englijh,  with  fmall  arms.  Which  tu- 
mult being  reported  to  the  king  of  Fetu^ 
he  came  down  with  all  fpeed  to  Corfo,  with 
twelve  of  his  guards  only,  and  ftopped  un- 
der the  confecrated  tree,  which  is  about 
half  gun- (hot  from  the  callle,  and  con- 
tinued there  eight  days,  offering  up  his 
devotions  to  the  idols,  whom  he  earneftly 
iiitrcated  to  reveal  to  h'm,  the  place  when; 
the  deferted  Engliflj  flaves  were  hid  ;  and 
at  the  fame  time,  aflaired  the  Engli/Ij  agent 
he  had  no  hand  in  the  revolt,  protelTint!; 
to  the  Corfo  people,  as  he  was  (worn  on 
his  idols,  to  deliver  up  at  all  times  and  oc- 
cafions,  to  the  Englijh,  all  fuch  of  their 
fervants  or  (laves  as  fiiould  defert  from 
them,  in  what  part  or  place  foever  of  his 
dominions  they  fhould  Hitlter  themfelves, 
and  did  declare  Iblcmnly  he  would  not  Itir 
from  that  place  till  the  Englijh  were  fatis- 
ficd  in  their  juft  pretenfions.  At  laft  the 
differences  were  adjufted  and  made  up  with 
the  agent,  and  then  he  renewed  his  alli- 
ance with  the  Eiiglifh,  who  had  fubfifted 
him  during  the  time  of  his  being  under  the 
confecrated  tree,  being  dreffed  in  a  black 
velvet  coat. 

Thofe  kings  are  obliged  to  (iipport  their 
authority  by  force,  as  has  been  formerly 
obferved  j  and  therefore  the  richer  they  arc 
in  gold  and  ll.ivcs,  the  more  they  are  ho- 
noured and  regarded  both  b^  their  neigh- 
bours, and  by  their  own  fubjedls ,  withoui 
which,  they  could  not  eafily  have  the  Icaft 
authority  over  them.  They  are  naturally 
tyrannical,  and  will  on  trivial  pretences  ot 
crimes  or  mifdemeanours,  extort  large  fums 
from  their  fubjefts,  under  a  feeming  colour 
of  juftice  ;  which  brings  me  to  treat  now  of 
the  maxims  and  ways  of  adminiftring  juftice, 
in  civil  and  criminal  affairs  among  the 
Blacks ;  and  this  fliall  be  ihc  fubjert  of  the 
following  chapter. 


CHAP. 


Book  III, i  Chap.  24  CoaftsofSourn-GuifJEA. 


of  Corfo ; 
)y  the  in- 
'n  them  to 

which  had 
int  his  guns 
;  but  tlioff. 
g,  came  ou', 
in  a  body, 
vliich  forced 

in  earneft, 
or  fixty  ot 

killed  fome 

Which  tu- 
ng  of  Fetu, 

Corfo,  with 
(topped  un- 
;h  IS  about 
,  and  con- 
;ring  up  his 
he  earneftly 
:  place  where 
re  hid  ;  and 
Kngliflj  agent 
c,  protelTing 
as  Iworn  on 
mes  and  uc- 
iich  of  their 

defert  from 

'oever  of  his 

tlienifelvcs, 

ould  not  ftir 

'Jh  were  fatis- 

At  laft  the 

ladc  up  with 
wed  his  aili- 

ad  fubfiftod 

ing  under  the 

d  in  a  black 

fupport  liicir 
:n    formerly 
:htr  they  arc 
•buy  are  ho- 
their  neigh- 
fts  1  without 
ivf  the  lead 
[ire  naturally 
pretences  ot 
re  large  iums 
[ming  colour 
treat  nowol 
tring  jullice, 
I  among  the 
bjcrt  of  the 


CHAP.      XXIV. 

Jiin^doms  and  commonwealths.  T'ryah  at  law-  'Puniflimctits.  Sue- 
ctjjion  and  inheritance  in  monarchies.  Courfe  of  juftice,  and  putiijli- 
ments  for   crimes    in    common-wealths- 


Barhot. 


t  mm  J 
ml 


they,  with  the  other  judges,  decide  the 
higheft  cafes  in  the  feveral  diftriftsofthe 
country.  Thefc  perfons  knowing  the 
king's  mind,  and  no  appeal  lying  from 
them,  are  fure  to  aggravate  the  crime  as 
much  as  poflible,  and  very  cautious  that 
their  judgment  may  be  confonant  to  his 
will  ;  that  is,  that  the  criminal,  if  a  weal- 
thy man,  be  fcverely  punifhccl  in  his  purfc, 
even  for  trivial  crimes,  the  grcateft  fhare 
thereof  going  into  tlieir  Ibvcrcign's  trca- 
fury. 

T  R  V  A  L  s  at  La  w. 

T  T    would  be  tedious,  if  not  impolTiblc,  ^^  /,„ 

to  give  an  exaft  account  of  the  many^jn. 
ways  and  maxims  of  their  law-luits,  both 
in  civil  and  criminal  cafes-,  as  alfo  to  ob- 
fervc  the  n.iture  of  the  fcntenccs  and  de- 
terminations, on  every  indivitkial  cafe :  I 
fhall  confine  inyfelf  to  Ionic  particular  in- 
ftanccs.  Every  man  pleads  his  own  caufe, 
without  the  alTiftance  of  councel  or  attorney, 
fuch  forts  of  men  being  unknown  th-re. 
The  plaintiff  firft  opens  his  cafe,  and  then 


KiNODOMS  and  Common-wealths. 

TH  E  government  of  the  Blacks  being 
very    precarious  and    irregular,    by 

reafon  of  the  fmall  authority  the  Cabocelros 

and  other  magiftratcs  h.ave  among  the  peo- 
ple, there  are  frequently  very  great  difor- 

dcrs  among  them,  and  frequent  wars  with 

their  neighbours,  occafioned  by  their  ir- 
regular management   and  abfurd  cuftoms. 

There  is  alfo    much  difference  in  the  ad- 

miniftration  between  monarchies  and  rom- 

mon-wealths.     In  the  former,  the  kings  are 

the  heads  of  juftice,  the  power  and  jurif 

diftion    being  veiled  in  a  finglc  perfon : 

that  of  common-wealths,  commonly  con- 

fifts  of  two  parts  -,  as  for  inftance,  at  Axim, 

in  the    body  of    the   Cahoceiros  or   chief 

men,  and  that  of  the  body  of  Manceroes  or 

young  men,  as  has  been  already  obferved. 
All  publick  aff-airs  in  general  are  un- 
iyiier  their  adminiftration  •,  but  what  con- 
'•  cems  the  whole  common-wealth,  as  ma- 
king war  or  peace,  raifing  taxes  and  im- 

pofitions,  or  tributes  to  be  paid  to  foreign 

nuions,  which  feldom  happens,  tho*  they 

appertain  to  both  botlies  of  Cahoceiros  and     the  defendant  fpeaks  for  himlllf  ;  and   it 


HAP. 


Manceroes ;  yet  on  thefe  occaCons,  the 
latter  often  have  the  greatcft  fway  in  the 
management  thereof,  efpecially  if  the  for- 
mer are  not  rich  and  wealthy  enough,  both 
in  gold  and  (laves,  to  over-power  and 
bring  the  other  to   their  opinions. 

In  monarchical  governments  the  king 
appoints  feveral  chief  officers  to  alTjft  him 
in  the  adininillration  of  jufticc.  I  cannot 
give  any  account  of  the  ceremonies  ufed 
ill  the  conftituting  of  judges  •,  but  they 
hive  a  power  to  appoint  inferior  officers 
iintkr  them  in  every  dillrift,  jlS  they  think 
convenient. 

The  chief  juflices  are  commonly  taken 
r-om  among  the  richeft  and  moft  notable 
pcrloiv-,  of  the  country  ;  fuch  as  the  Brnf- 
Jn  or  (^iiboceiics-,  and  gfernors  of  towns 
and  villages,  afliiled  by  tlie  priells  of  thofe 
[Lues,  as  fubftirutes.  Thefe  take  co;;iii- 
.^.uice  of  civil  and  criminal  cafes,  as  they 
happen  in  their  refpeftive  provinces;  but 
arc  not  fuprcme  judges,  in  cafes  of  great 
importance,  for  then  the  parties  have  the 
liberty  of  apiiealing  to  the  king's  own 
court :  tho'  this  feldom  happens,  becaufe 
thefe  kings,  to  lave  the  trouble  of  deci- 
ding fuch  cafes  iind  dilTerences,  have  chief 
jutVices  there  call  d  Ene,  whom  they  ufually 
lend  to  make  the  drcuits;  much  as  it  is 
praftiled  in    Eii^latuI,  at  the  alTi/.cs  ;  and 


is  an  unalterable  rule  amongfl  them,  that 
he  who  pleads  is  not  to  be  interrupted  up- 
on any  account  whilll   he  fpeaks,  and   in 
fome  parts  fuch  a  tranfgreflion  is  puniflicd 
with  death.    Nor  do  the  judges  pronounce 
fentcnce  till  th^-y  have  thoroughly  heard  the 
contelling  parties,  one  after   another,  fully 
according   to  the  merits  of  the  fuit ;  with 
much    fliow   ot   decency  and  reaibn  ;  tho' 
the  cr.ifty  juftice-i    do  this  only    to   blind  Cam.ff 
the  people,    being  before  rd'olvcd  to  mo-J'"'-^""""' 
del  their  judgments  according  to  the  king's 
intention  ;  which,  as  I   have  oblerved,  is, 
to  extort  what  money  they  can  out  of  the 
meaneft  caufc,  if  the  parties  be  rich  ;  with- 
out any   regard  to  equity,    and  impartial 
juftice.     For  which  reaibn  the  fubjecls,  who 
are  well  acquainted  with    thole  tyrannical 
maxims  of  the  government  they  live  un- 
der, uill  as  much  .is  is  polfible  have  their 
differences   made  up  by  amicable  compo- 
fitions,  betwixt  themfclves,  or  by  the  me- 
diation of  their  friends.     So  that  it    is  but 
feldom  they  are  tried  by  the  chief  juftices. 
I  have  elfewhere  obferved,  that  the  king 
of  Fitu  has  ordered  a  yearly  general  alfem  • 
bly  of  all  his  fubje^s,  who  have  any  dif- 
ferences a.mong    themfelves,    who  are  to 
meet  at  Mramboe,  a  large   market-town, 
diftant  about  nine  lea[;ues  from  Caho  Corfo, 
under  the  denomination   of  the  dancing- 

fcalbn. 


,»'  -A 


ill' 


M 


ill|lf':i"' 


300 


^  Dcfcriptton  of  the 


Book  III. 


Tilt  kini; 
t  r.irs 


Pahhoi- liMlon,  and  l.ifls  cij^Iit  Jays.  Tl'cre  all  ilic 
l^VVJilill^rinccs  .inJ  lontills  betwixt  man  ami 
man,  arc  dollnitivily  dcciiifii  l)y  that  iirinci', 
ainfli.l  hy  1iis  /):v,  tilt-  l}i(]ff.;'s,  and  the 
two  A'«;'/^'i!)  diputiL's  lent  ihiiJR-r  cviiy  year 
hy  thu  Eii^^!:ji.i  agent,  as  lias  hccn  liiid  bi-- 
lurc. 

This  kill!;  of  I'liii,  liting  it  llcnis  fonic- 
wliat  Ids  try.innical  than  the  otiurs  of  the 
tiiall,  that   his  lubjeds  may  live  amicably 
together,  after   he  has  compofed  or  deter- 
mined their  ilill'erenccs   by    a    final   \ui.\^- 
mcnt,  caufesihem  to  lealt  and  iLince  toj^e- 
tlier,  all  the  time  thole  gmeral  alli/cs  do 
l.ilb,  eviry  day   till  very  l.ite  in  ll'.e    night ; 
(.icli  lUi  !yiji}.;  to  make  there  the  greatelt 
(hew  and  li;;ure  he  ..an,  in  rich  dred/s,  (Si. 
'1  Iiey    try  ta'jits  upon    teltimoiiial   evi- 
dence, and  wliire  that  is  wantint;;  or  ile- 
fedive,    by  oaths  of  the  parties,  v;hieh  co:i- 
(ili    in   tl:inkiny  a  Ikjuor  there  cdkd  l:n- 
iNcK-lktri!.,  'onipolid  ol  the  I'anu-  fiiuples 
and  in.j;rediLni.  ol  which  tlie  iiloli  are  m.'de; 
an!  till.'  thai  compofition  has  no  ni.uimr 
(;l   ma!;j':,itv  in  itfelf,   yet  tl.iy   are  g'li'. - 
rally    poll  lied    with    a    pofr.ive    opii.i'iii, 
that  wholocvcr  ihinks  of  it  to  awr  a  falf- 
liood   or  impolhire,  expolls  |-,iiiifi.lf  to  ex- 
traoi'dinary  calamities,    tho'  pulpitis   t!vy 
nev(  r  had  any  vilible  inllancc  it  did  fo. 

Tiiofe  w!io  bciiiy  acciilid,  oiler  to  clear 
their  innoienu"  by  the  Emhion-DiU'iu,  or 
by  the  eating  of  idols,  are  denied  it,  if  tli'ic 
apjiear    fever.d    pofuive     witnelTes  auainlt 


and  quarters  the  body,  tlirowing  each  part 
at  a  dillanee  from  the  other  on  the  ground. 
And  if  I  may  creilit  the  HLuks,  it  is  the 
cullom  of  fome  nations  after  fuch  execu- 
tions,   thai    (he 


them  ■,  but  if  ailmittcd  to  drink,  and  aic 
not  liirt  by  it,  tliey  are  accounted  not 
guilty,  and  their  accufers  are  condeiiihcil 
to  a  fine. 

Minder  aiul  rebellion,  tho'  crimes  in 
tliemlilees  ot  a  heinous  nature,  are  through 
the  covetous  temper  of  bo:h  kiny;  and 
i  illices  ixpi.ited  by  large  lie.ny  mulcts  and 
lines,  r.itii.r  ili,;n  by  tlie  death  of  tlie  cii- 
min.ils,  i(  they  are  rich  in  gold  and  fl.ives; 
but  the  murdertr  of  a  brother  is  very  lel- 
dom  cxcu'ed,  by  any  line  wh.'.tevei-  in 
fome  nations,  as  being  an  uniiatui.d  lion  id 
fill,   not   to  be  forgiven. 


nearcit:  relations  of  per 
Ions  lb  exeeutcil,  when  the  executioner  his 
thus  perfoimeil  his  ollice,  do  take  down 
the  head  Iroiii  the  trie,  boil  it  at  home,  aiki 
ill  ink  the  broth,  in  abhorrence  ot  fo  heinous 
a  I  rime,  and  in  il  tellation  ot  the  criminal's 
memory  ;  placing  his  (kull  near  to  ihi'ir 
idols.  The  Blacki  alio  told  niP,  that  a- 
mongll  lome  other  nations,  the  v.ives  of  the 
jvrlon  to  be  fo  put  to  ile.ith,  ufually  accoin- 
pany  him  to  the  place  of  execution,  cry- 
ing  and  howling,  and  when  he  has  been 
I  lit  into  quarters  by  the  ixcculione:-,  tiny 
carry  Ins  quarters  away  at  a  dillanee,  eacii 
woman  Hill  bitteily  lamenting,  and  call 
tlicm  on  ihinghils. 

Adulury  with  the  chief  wife  of  any  con- ri,>;- 
liderible    /il.hk,      is  .ilfo   very    rigoroull\ '"  ■ 
puniflied,  as  has  been  already  obferved.  At"'" 
C.',i,:i>uiiii')  they  commonly  cut  olV  one  ear 
of  the  adulterer,    .md  fine   him  to  pay  ,;s 
iinu  h  gold  as  the  woman  had  for  her  do\vr\ , 
and  four  goats,   or  llitcp  be(ide>.      Jf  lij. 
adulterer  is  a  flave,  they  cut  olT  his  pi  ivy 
parts;  and  if  being  a  tret  man,  he  has  not 
uherewidial  to  pay  the  fin,'  laid  0.1  hini,  I  ,■ 
is  fold  for  a  flive  for  ev;r;  or  if  tlieerini;. 
n.il  has  found  r.ie.uis  to  make  liiiefcape  be- 
fore he  has  thus    aiifwcred  tlie   fine,  tho.i 
his  nearell  rel.itioii  is  obliged  to  pay  it  tor 
him  ;  and  in  cafe  hi-  is  not  able  to  do  ii, 
he  is  banifiKil  the  cou:itry  with  a  w  hitc  ft.;i; 
in  his  hand,  and    all  his  goods  feizal  an.l 
confifcued  for  the  king's  ule,    wiihoatthi- 
Kail  ln)|)es  of  ever  retiirnji^  home,  unlcfs 
he  becomes  able  to  pav  thai  line. 

In  fome  iiiiKiiis,  he  who  h.is  debaiichcil 
another  man's  wile  v.iih  promifes  ofgiv. 
ing  her  a  certain  cjuantity  of  money,  ami 
has  not  performed  it  accordingly,  'i>  con 
demned  to  forfeit  all  his  goods  to  the  kinj^'s 
ufe,  and  lli^  houfe  to  be  let  on  fire  by  tin; 
relations  of  ihe  woman  he  has  fo  dcbauchcil; 
thereby  to  remove  from  their  figlu,  tl;-r 
neighbourhood  of  a  perlon,  who  has  dil- 
graced  their  family. 

The  adulterels  is  either  fineil  two  oiinre 
of  gold  to  her  husband,  or  elle  divorced,  in 


fca,  S;c. 


1'  U   N  I  S  H  M   E  N  T  S, 

i:\t<i,ii!i>,t  A  '*'■'''""  ^''"^  I'^ntenced  to  die  f  r  fiii  !i  a 

Kir  iiiiir.  crime,  either  by   tlie  king  in  council, 

Jtr.  ire.i-  or  by  his  cliici  jufliciarie.-,  is  delivered  up  <"'de  the  ''ing  has  to  d-termined 
to  the  piilick  executioner,  his  liantls  bound 
to  his  back,  an.l  thus  by  him  led  out  in- 
to the  fields  without  any  afTillants,  the  law 
forbidding  ii  ,  and  being  come  to  the  place 
of  execution,  ''.e  executioner  covers  his 
L-yi.s  with  a  piece  of  doth,  and   bids   him 


In  other  countries  the  piinilliment  for  a- 
dultery  is  not  corporal,  but  peeuniaiy,  he- 
ing  fix  ounces  ot  gold;  one  third  to  the 
king,  one  third  to  liis  chief  oflicers,  and  the 
other  third  to  the  husband. 

It  has  happened  fon;  .times,   that  wnnun 


kneel  down  ;  then  going  back  to  fome  fmall     I'-ive  accufed  men  that  nad  debaiiclKil  them, 

two  or  three  years  b'., ore  ;  in  tl'.is  cafe,  the 
perlon  fo  informed  againfl,  pleading  not 
guilty,  the  woman  t.ikes  the  drink  En- 
c/.ton-Biiicit,  to  convict  him  thereof. 

■  Tlicfr 


tiifhince  from  the  criminal,  llrikes  him 
through  the  back  with  a  javelin  :  after 
which,  he  cuts  off  his  head  with  a  hook- 
knife,  which  he  h.ings  up  oti  the  next  tree, 


Book  III.  I  Chap.  24-         Coap  of  Sour  n-Gv  is  e  a.  301 


ing  each  p.ut 
11  the  grouml. 
uks,  it  is  the 
r  llich  cxecu- 
ioDs  ot  per 
xinitioner  has 
lu  take  down 

at  liome,  ami 
:  ot  lb  iifinous 
tl>c  triniin.ii's 
tvj.w  to  their 

nic,  tli.it  A- 
X  wives  of  tile 
ilu.illy  .ictoiii- 
cecutioii,  iry- 

JK'  h.is  been 
ulioiier,  ihcy 
ilill.uicc,  e.icli 
iiig,    .imi  cilt 

ife  ofany  con- )'.,■, 

ry    rij^oroulU'- 

■olilcrvcil.  Af'" 

It  olV  one  wr 

lini  to  p.iy  ,!b 

lot-  licr  ilowr-j , 

lule>.      If  the 

t  (>1V  iiis  pi  ivy 

•111,  he  li.is  not 

.liil  o.\  liini,  1:l' 

r  if  tl'.eerimi- 

'  his  efeape  bc- 

tlie  fine,  tlie.i 

to  pay  it  for 

bie  to  do  it, 

1  a  white  llaff 

)i.!h  lli/id  an.l 

without  the 

home,  \inlcfs 

inc. 

h.is  ticbauchcil 

oinifes  oi  ffv. 

{  iiioHi  y,  and 

in^ly,  is  con 


t!. 


I. 


s  to  tr.e  Kinj: 
oil  fire  by  liic 
I'o  debauched; 
cir  fiLjhi,  the 
w'.'.o  ii.is  dif- 

c(i  two  ounrc'- 
livorced,  \» 
liU'd  it. 
ilhiiKiit  for  a- 
icciiniary,  be- 
third  to  the 


fucrs,  aiidtas 

that  \vonu:;i 
laiirikdthfm, 
tl-.is  cafe,  the 
lijeadir.i;  not 
•  drink  i'Ji- 
I  hereof. 

Tiieft 


Tiieft  and  robbery  are  all  punifiied  by  a 
fine  to  tiir  king,  according  to  the  value  of 
the  crime,  if  committed  againil  their  coun- 
try-men-, for  .IS  to  what  is  llolentVom  Jiiiro- 
feans,  it  is  leldom  punifhcd. 

Adulterated  gold,  oftered  in  payment  of 
debts  or  trafficl-  amongft  them,  is  alio  li- 
able to  a  fine,  bi^"  unpunidiable  when  of- 
fered to  lyhile  men 

Affairs  purely  ci\  il,  are  generally  tried 
by  tiie  common  ordinary  julfices  ot  tlie 
place  or  diftrid  \  anil  if  the  contending 
parties  have  fully  tlibmitted  the  decifion 
thereof  to  them,  they  cannot  appeal  to  the 
lovertign's  julliciaries. 

At  leveral  places  on    the  coall,    fmall 
debts  are  recovered  after  a  very  unjiift  man- 
ner ,  tiierc  a  villainous  creditor  inflead  of 
alking  Ids  money  of  his  debtor,  and  fuin- 
nioning  him  before  the  judges,  in  cafe  of 
denial,    feizes  tlie  liril  thing  he  can  nue: 
with,  though    fix  times  the    value  of  his 
debt,   witiiout  any  regard  who  is  the  pro- 
prietor i  wiu)  when  he  comes  to  alk  for  it, 
is  told  that  he  mull  go  to  fueh  a  perlbn 
wlio  is  his  tlebtor,  and  mull  pay  him  tor 
it  :  and  this  no  body  caw  hinder  i    fo  lip 
i;oes  immediately  to  alV;  the  other  i"or  ivioni  y 
lor  his  goods.      This  courle  is  generally 
taken  for  recovery  of  I'mall  debts,  .is  I  have 
laid  :   but  however,  the  debtor  is  Ibmetiiiics 
obliged  at  tills  rate  to  pay  fix  or  ten  times 
the  value  of  his  debt  i  if  the  feeond  man 
is  as  unrealbnable  as  the  firll,    and  yet  it 
is  not  to  be  oppofeii,    if  the  creditor  be 
more  potent  than  he,  and  is  upheld  in  it 
perhaps  by  the  king,  or  Ibme  other  great 
ones  of  the  country.     And  this  happen, 
every  day,  whereby  many  men  do  mu.h 
tnriei)  thcnilelves  with  the  name  if  )u''.ice. 
Again,    anotlier  way  to  extort  fru.n  the 
people,  is,  that  tome  inlblvent  debtor  will 
jjo  to  a  perlbn,  and  tell  him  he  has  received 
luch  damage  by  his  fon,  nephew,  flave,  or 
tome  body  elle  depending  on  him,  for  vdiieh 
he  comes  to  alk  Hiiisfaftion,  theatning  that 
the  he  will  murder    or  tbrely  wound   him 
or  tlioot  tome  other    at  his  cofl  i  and  if 
tlie  villain  is  bold  enough  to  put  it  in  exe- 
cution, tlic  other   mull  hifl'er  as  if  i;e  h.id 
done  it. 

In  criminal  cafes,  the  accufer  gives  his 
information  to  the  jullice  of  the  town  or 
village  againil  the  criminal,  and  he  im- 
mediately caules  the  drum  to  beat  all  a- 
bout  the  towni  the  ilrummer,  who  is  a 
fiavc,  being  accompanied  by  two  little 
boys,  each  having  in  his  hand  an  iron 
bell,  on  which  they  beat  with  flicks.  Then 
the  jufticc  comes  to  the  publick  market- 
place, where  the  beft  part  of  the  inhabi- 
tants of  cither  fex  are  already  afTembied 
upon  the  beat  of  the  drum  •,  the  chief  peo- 
ple or  nobles  alfo  repairing  thither  well 
Vol.  V. 


armed.  There  the  publick  eryer,  or  Tif-BAun.ir. 
Tw  of  the  town,  proclaims  the  criminal,  ^V^' 
who  is  otten,  without  fufpefting  it,  of  the 
nu'.ibcr  ot  the  fpedlators,  and  iirelently 
feizcd  and  lent  in  cullody  to  the  Caboceiroe'a 
houfe  :  if  the  crime  he  is  charged  with  be 
very  great,  they  bind  him  hands  and  feet, 
till  his  tryal  be  over  i  but  if  it  be  only 
for  a  flight  oft'cnce,  he  is  commonly  given 
in  cullody  to  the  executioner  of  the  town, 
who  is  bound  to  produce  him  whenfoever 
it  tliall  be  rcciuired.  .Sometimes,  tor  trivial 
faults,  till  y  will  tiy  .i  man  upon  tl  ^ 
Ipot  i  and  if  he  cannot  < leir  himlLlf,  he 
is  fined. 

In  crimes  of  a  high  n.iture,  if  the  pi-i- A/u'-'tr  ■' 
foner  be  lentineed  to  de.ith,  and  i;  we.dthy  rtJ.-tm/J 
enough  to  ]'ay  a  l.irgc  funi  ot  money,  he 
is  dileharged  by  t!  .•  king,  wiili  i  li)ecial 
command  to  any  perfon  whatever,  iventhe 
widows  and  children,  not  to  iii)l)raid  him 
nor  his  family  and  rel.uions  with  the  crime; 
and  the  only  fatisfaftion  the  family  of  the 
dead  perlbn  has,  is  Ibme  part  of  the  money 
the  criminal  has  paid  to  redeem  his  lite. 
But  it  he  is  not  able  to  pay  it,  they  either 
order  him  to  be  executed  according  to  the 
lentence,  or  to  be  fold  tor  a  flave,  accor- 
ding to  the  king's  plcal'ure. 

Such  as  are  thus  fold  by  order  of  jullice 
to  be  flavcs  tor  ever  in  foreign  countries, 
forfeit  the  privilege  of  ever  returning  r  t 
their  n;vive  toil.  . 

B'.ndes  what  has    been  faid  relating  to  !>««'/. 
t'.e    powu"    of   judges,  there  is  a  pecj'iar 
eiillom,  iliat  if  the  hiu-  or  chief  julbee  .)lt  ife 
10  content,  tho'  it   be   in  eivii   'iilpi  ii-s  or 
contefts,   they  may  be  decided    by   duel, 
and  then  each  party  iluillrs  a  feeond  or  two, 
who  all  meet  at  the  place  appointed  ;  ivl.cre 
each  aiit.ig'inill,  with  his  aHill.ints  attaeks 
his   man  with  his  j.ivclin,    and  thus  they 
fight  till  one    of  tlie  principals    is  killed, 
when  the  leconds  ( eafe.     But  thole  of  the 
party  that  has  been  <Viin,  require  the  others 
to  deliver  ther.i  themunl'rfr  of  their  friend, 
thai  he  may  he  tried  tor  the  murder  accor- 
ding to  thnr  laws,  which  the  others  cannot 
refuie  to  do ;  or  if  he  has  made  his  efeape, 
running  away  as  Ibon  as  he  had  fiain  his  ad- 
vcrtiiry,  his  leconds  muft  run  too,  that  they 
may  apprehend  and  deliver  him  up  to  jullice, 
and  no  per.*"'     .'hatfoever  may  conceal  him 
in  his  houfe,  tho'  it  be  in  another  dillriftor 
iurifdi(f:ion,  or  even  a  foreign  country,  un- 
lefs  they  would    embroil  themielves  in  a 
bloody  ixpenfivc  war. 

The  man  thus  apprehended,  is  delivered 
ap  to  the  chief  wife  of  the  perfon  he  has 
killed  in  the  duel,  it  being  her  right  either 
to  fell  or  to  keep  him  as  her  own  llave.  But 
this  happening  very  li;ldom,  and  this  fort  of 
murder  not.  being  look'd  upon  as  malicious, 
the  man  has  the  liberty  of  redeeming  him- 
H  h  h  h  fclf 


Iti;  \i 


1:; 


t',-    !i 


i  '>  1 


',!•' 


'-Mm 


''ri:     1 


\m 


n 


:  '1; 


',  '•< 


301 


A  Ixfcripnon  of  the 


Book  III  I  Chap. 


IUkhot  Tdf  for  money,  if  he  Ix;  very  richi  for  it 
t^^^will  loiTimonly  coft  him  twenty  R('H/lo'  of 
goKl,  wlmh  is  aliout  a  huiulrcil  .iml  fifty 
nounils  fterling  •,  anil  amongft  the  Acniwz, 
If'  chf  jnrtics  concerned  be  men  of  f»rc'.u 
nnti',  the  nnirJcrcr  will  fcarcc  fonicoffiin- 
mn>yf  *''"'"''  hundred  and  feventy  nurks  of  gold, 
which  is  iipwjrd  of  five  thouland  pounds 
ikrling  :  tor  which  realbn,  very  few  will 
ever  proceed  fo  fir  in  their  quarrels,  as  to 
ileterniinc  them  by  duel  •,  for  tho'  they 
are  authori/eil  by  the  F.iu\  or  chief  jullice, 
yet  il  one  party  is  killed,  the  orlu-r  is  lure 
10  I'liiKr  for  it  leverely,  tho'  it  teems  to  im- 
ply a  lontradietion  in  itlclf :  but  what  can 
be  expecKd  from  men  of  fo  loole  and  de- 
praved minds  and  principles,  befides  contra- 
ilicliuns  And  abfurdities? 


CmlJttn 


I         1! 


I     ■ 


lii'-.!!^'- ■:• 


Seccrssiov    lV.il  iNHERrXAVCE. 

T  Have  before  taker,  notice  that  the  neaicll 
.  relation  inherits, to  tl;c  txclufion  of'a  man'-. 
own  wives  .uid  cliikiren.  The  bell  realo:i 
the  B  .icki  give  for  I'uch  a  tonfUtuiion,  is, 
that  the  dividing  of  ellates  or  goods  among 
lb  many  perfons  as  generally  conijiofe  their 
f.milies  lb  m.uiy  wives  and  cliildivn,  would 
ccafion  endklij  difputes  and  quarrels  a- 
monglt  them  ;  or  this,  that  children  rely- 
ing too  much  on  their  t.ither's  wealth,  woukl 
Ji\e  l.i/ily,  without  any  inclination  to  em- 
ploy themfelvcs  in  fome  bufinels,  to  avoid 
lewdnels,  wanconnefs,  and  tiebauchcry 
Whereas  being  now  fcnfible  from  their  ten- 
der youth,  that  they  have  nothing  to  expert 
t'roni  till  ir  lather,  but  a  bare  maintenance 
iluiiiig  his  life,  they  are  much  the  rea- 
dier to  betake  themfelves  early  to  learn 
fome  prolellion,  by  which  they  may  main- 
tain tliemlelves  handfomelv,  wlun  their  la- 
thir  IS  no  more;  and  even  to  maintain  their 
father's  family  after  his<leath,  as  many  do; 
whii  h  is  very  commendable  in  lb  brutifh  a 
piople,  as  they  generally  arc. 

Thus  far  concerning  the  adminifl ration 
of  judice  in  monarchical  governments 
Wh.it  now  is  to  follow,  is  ,1  iketfh  of  the 
republican  on  the  iiime  head  ;  and  feeing 
that  of  Asm  fecms  to  be  one  of  the  lealt 
confuled  and  perplexed,  the' difficult  to  un- 
derftand  ;  I  Ihall  next  mention  Ibmc  parti- 
cul.ir  palTiiges  or  inftances  of  it,  which  will 
in  fome  meafure  (how  what  is  praftifed  in 
other  common-wealths  of  the  coafl,  as 
differing  only  in  fome  particuLirs,  and  not 
in  the  main. 


m^' 


iiii :., 

til  ii 


Justice  m  Common-wealths. 

luintry  *T^  H  E  R  E,  when  one  perfon  claims  a 
-y  dthts.  ■«•  debt  of  another,  and  is  forced  to  have 
recourfe  to  juftice  for  fatisfaftion  ;  the  bed 
means  to  procure  it,  is  to  make  a  prefent 
to  the  Caboceiroei,  either  in  gold  or  brandy, 
thii  laft  being  a  very  acceptable  liquor,  and 


^;  ^. 

.i 

'Il 

ii;5;;;j< 

1 

il 

1 

If 

to  ftate  his  c.ife  to  them,  defiring  they  will 
difpatch  the  bufinrfii  as  toon  as  polfible.  If 
the  Cabocfiroii  arc  relblved  to  favour  hitn,  a 
full  council  is  fimimoned  immediately,  or 
at  f.irthetl  in  two  or  three  days  after,  ,u 
it  isjuilgetl  convenient.  Then  after  matuir 
ilcliberation  among  tliemlelves,  thty  gjvi 
judgment  in  his  favour,  tho'  Ibmetitncs  un- 
jull,  but  only  in  regard  of  the  rich  prcfrm 
given  them. 

But  if  in  the  caufe  atbrcfaid,  the  delen 
dant  has  bribed  the  judge.,  with  a  ridui 
prefent  than  the  plaintilf  had  given  iheni; 
let  his  cafe  be  never  lb  lull,  they  will  cill 
him  1  or  if  his  right  be  lb  apparent,  th.u 
there  is  fcandal  in  a  too  partial  feiitente, 
they  will  del.iy  and  keep  olf  the  ttyal,  olni- 
ging  the  plaintilf,  alter  long  and  vain  lolh- 
cit.itions,  to  wait  ill  hopes  of  finding  more 
imp.irtial  judges  tin  reatter  ;  which  perlups 
will  not  h.ippen  in  his  lite-time,  and  lb  the 
fuit  falls  to  his  heirs,  who  whenever  an 
opportunity  o!Veis,  tho'  thirty  years  after, 
will  make  ule  of  it,  to  procure  fatisfirtjoii 
for  the  debt :  anil  yet  one  would  be  apt  to 
think  it  were  impoird)le  they  lliouki  rc- 
metnber  fo  long,  tonlidering  they  can  nei- 
ther write  nor  reail. 

It  happens  Ibmetimes  that  the  plaintitFj^""'*' 
or  perhaps  the  defendant,  finding  the  caul'e'''j^'j'7 
given  .igainll  him,  contrary  to  equity,  is  too'' 
impatient  to  w.iit  for  an  i)ppf)rtunicy  of  ha- 
ving juftice  done  him  -,  and  lays  hold  of  thi' 
lirll  that  olVers  to  tei/e  furh  a  quantity  or 
gold  or  goods,  as  is  fufficient  to  repair  his 
dam.ige,  not  only  from  his  debtor,  l)iit  ul 
the  firll  th.it  falls  in  his  way,  if  he  lives  in 
the  lame  town  or  viil.ige:  and  wh.it  he  h.is 
thus  polfelfed  hinifell  of,  he  will  not  re- 
deliver till  he  receive  full  latisf.iction,  ami 
is  at  peace  with  his  adverlarv,  or  obliged  to 
it  by  force.  If  hi  b-  flrong  enough  to  di  - 
find  liinili  If  and  lii-.  !■  i/.ure,  he  is  lure  to 
keep  ir,  arid  thereby  engage  a  third  perluii 
in  the  fuit,  who  has  recourfe  to  the  perlori 
on  whole  account  he  has  fuffered  that  da- 
mage .•  lb  that  lience  proceed  fi cqucnt  mur- 
ders, and  fometimes  wars. 

ir  the  caufe  is  brought  before  the  Dit'.dJ'^''- 


fador  at  Sf.  /tntho)i\\  fort,  the  fiiit  is  ami-"',")"'. 
cably  ended  by  adjudging  it  againtl  liirn,.j- 
whom  the  evidences  prove  to  be  in  the  wrong, 
and  who  is  found  not  to  have  a  fufficient 
plea  to  offer  in  his  detiince  to  clear  himfelf 
of  it.  But  if,  on  the  contrary,  he  can  clear 
himfelf  by  witnefles,  he  is  difc-harged;  and 
if  neither  of  the  parties  luve  any  evidence, 
the  defendant  clearing  himfelf  upon  oath,  is 
difcharg'd  :  which  if  he  cannot  do,  he  is 
liable  to  have  judgment  pafs  againit  him,  to 
pay  what  is  charged  on  him,  provided  the 
plaintiff" have  given  in  his  charge  upon  oath, 
which  he  is  always  obliged  to  do. 

The 


BookUiI  CHAP.24.  Co<7/?/o/SouTH-GuiNEA. 


30J 


g  they  will 
loffible.  It 
;our  him,  .1 
\liately,  or 

IS  ;ittcr,  ,is 
t'ter  matuif 
,  thty  givi 
nttitnes  un- 
riil>  pri'liMit 

the  iWlin 
ih  a  ricliir 
Tivcn  I  hem  -, 
icy  will  c;ill 
p.irent,  th.ii 
lal  iViitenu-, 

fy.\l,  filui- 
ikI  vain  lolli- 
tinihnt^  more 
hich  iH'ikips 
;,  ami  iothc 
.vhenevtr  an 

years  after, 
e  llui^t'.iftion 
likl  be  apt  to 
y  Ihouki  re- 

tliey  can  nei- 

tiie  plaintiff,  f"'''»' 
ling  the  cauk^,^,,. 
(.■cjuity,  is  too' 
rtunicy  of  ha- 
ys liolil  ot  the 
a  quantity  ot' 
t  to  repair  his 
btor,  biitot 
if  he  livcb  ill 
wliat  he  has 
will  not  re- 
-faction,  ami 
or  obliged  to 
nou>'h  to  de- 
he  is  lure  to 
I  tlard  perloii 
to  the  pcrfoii 
reii  that  da- 
hcqucnt  nuii- 

iirc  the  D;.'.'i-'V''"- ' 
le  km  isami-^,5,.  ,, 
againft  him.;j,:.,. 
:inthewron^, 
|e  a  fufficient 
Iclear  himfclf 
he  can  clear 
hiargedv  and 
|inv  evidence, 
■upon  oath,  is 
3t  do,   he  is 
tainft  him,  to 
fprovidcd  the 
Ve  uiwn  oath, 
I  do. 

The 


(,ji;„  ,f  The  oath  of  purgation  is  always  preferred 
(irfuriw.  there  before  that  ot  aceufation  •,  for  if  tiie 
plaintiff  prove  his  demands  by  one  or  two 
wiinefles,  thedcfendant  isnotallowed  to  take 
the  oath,  which  frequently  occafions  fome 
very  ill  accidents,  perjury  being  fo  com- 
nion  amonglt  th'lL-  Gmneiiin  ;  and  thepcr- 
lon  thus  injured  ."'U  feek  all  opportunities 
of  revenge.  All  tiiat  has  been  above  laid 
ol  uiijull  tryaK,  is  to  Iv  undcrllood  of  the 
miand  countries,  and  leldoni  or  never  hap- 
pens about  the  coalt,  where  all  luits  arilin;^ 
among  people  that  live  imiKr  or  near  the 
]):!cb  foits  are  deekkd  tor  ever,  by  the  len- 
ience of  the  factor,  and  ot  the  Ciili'Hiirai  1 
jointK  i  their  judgnKiii.  admitting  no  appeal 
but  to  the  direttor  general,  in  call*  the  m 
f.Tior  i^ciges  have  been  inirtnfornied,  which 
fca'i-e  happens  ;  and  lo  tlie  parties  pay  the 
finesiheyare  condeivJiM  in,  with  allwilling- 
ncls.  And  thus  a  fiiii  i^  begun  and  ended 
without  the  allillince  ot  councel  or  lawyer 
in  a  Ihoi  t  time,  and  {x-rhaps  with  as  mueh 
jiilbce;  tor  the  caulis  iiere  are  lekloin  dirti- 
cult  or  puzzling,  and  plaiiititVs,  defendants, 
and  judges,  are  equally  limple  people  up- 
on a  level. 


Pi'NisHMKNTs /or  Crimes. 
'T'  1 1  K  ulual  penalties  for  mmder,  1  have 
oblerved  betore  to  be  ileath  or  a  pecu- 
niary muldt  1  wluth  is  alio  ot  two  fort;,  with 
refptft  to  the  tree,  ami  thofethat  are  Haves. 
It  IS  very  rare  that  a.  •■  perlbn  is  executed 
for  murder,  it  he  is  weaii  •  iiimlelt,  or  has 
any  rich  friends  to  pay  the  fine  tor  him. 

The  line  for  the  iinirdir  of  a  free-born 
man  at  Jsim,  if  the  crime  is  to  be  atoned 
that  way,  is  one  iumdreii  and  twenty  five 
pounds  llerling,  but  feklom  ever  paid  to 
tlie  full,  the  murtierer  commonly  getting 
kmie  abatement,  according  as  the  relations 
(if  the  murdered  perlon  itand  afildcd  ;  it 
being  at  their  dilcretion  to  moderate  ii  a; 
they  pleale.  But  it  the  perlbn  that  w.is  mur- 
ikrecl  be  of  coiifideration  and  dignity,  the 
line  i::  proportionably  ten  times  that  fum  •, 
for  were  it  not  fo,  there  are  too  many 
H.ucki  that  would  willingly  give  five  hun- 
dred crowns  to  remove  a  chief  man  out 
of  the  way  1  and  therefore  the  judges  ap- 
point the  tine  proportionable  to  the  quality 
of  the  perlbn. 

For  the  murder  of  a  flave  the  fine  is  but 
thirty  crowns;  and  if  tiie  murderer  ftands 
hard,  he  obtains  an  abatement  of  the 
mailer,  who  is  the  injured  perfon,  and  who 
gets  above  twenty  two  crowns,  being  com- 
monly a  chain  or  (tring  of  gold  ol  that 
value.  If  the  murderer  cannot  pay  the 
fine,  he  is  to  expiate  his  crime  with  his 
own  blood,  and  is  executed  in  a  miferable 
and  cruel  manner.  For  they  do  in  Ibmcmea- 
fure  kill  him  a  thuulimd  ciines,  by  cutting, 


fiwfif 


lucking,  pricking,  or  running  him  throiighBAitBoT. 
the  body,  and  lluwting  him,  or  whatever  ^'^V^' 
elfe  they  can  invent  to  torture  himj  unlcfs 
the  Duh/j  laOtor  lends  t()r  him  out  of  their 
hands,  ami  orders  him  to  be  beheaded. 

Thievery    or  robbery  is  commonly  pu-  r-r  th/fi. 
nifhed  by  the  reftitution  of  the  goods  flolen, 
and  paying   a  fine,  proportionable  to  the 
value  ot  what  was  llolen,  according  to  the 
place  where,  .mil  the  perlon  by  whom  the 
t.id  was  <:omn)itteti  :    for  example,  one  is 
limd   twenty  crowns   belides  what   he  has 
llolen,  and   another   tor  an  equal  robbery 
lommitieii,  fliall  be  lined  one  hundred  or 
mole,  without  the  I'.alt  injullice,  .iceording 
to  their  ancient  iiiunicip.ii  cultoms :  for  the 
B!.iik.'  do  not  think  it  any  wrong  to  have 
lueh  regard  to  pcrlons;     but  particularly 
to  handle   the  richell    lort   more   leverely 
than  the  poor  on  two  .leeounts :  iirft,  the 
rich  are  no:  urged  :o  It  by  necciTity  1  and 
lecoiuily,  they  can  better  fparc  the  money. 
I'or  no  man  there  is  fineil  above  his  ability, 
iinlels  by  aceumulating  of' crimes  he  drawo 
On  himfelt  an  aceuiiuilatinn  ot  fines,  whii.li 
he  his  not  .ilile  to  pay,  and  is  therefore  lokl 
for  a  flave,  as  was  [)raclikd  by  the  ancient 
Jt-Ms,  in  the  former  .iges  ot  the  world.  And 
in  Great  Tiiiinr\,  the  thiet  redeems  his  lile, 
by  paying  nine  times  the  value  of  what 
lie  has  ftolen.     For  this  realun,  a  judicious 
man    there,  tho'  very    rich,    will   always 
pretenil    poverty,    leit  he  or  tome  of  his 
relations,  fooner  or  lattr,  falling  into  the 
hands  of  the  judges,  fliould  be  too  hardly 
ulei!  (Ill  that  account. 

Kitlnapping,   or  Healing  of  human  crea- 
tures, is  piinilhed  witli  great  leverity,  even 
with  death,  on  tome  ociafions.     As   they 
alio  feveicly  punilh  the    Healers  of  cittle, 
llieep,  hogs,  dogs,  fie.     Where  the  Blacks 
are  not  fuljjeft  to  be  tried  by  the  Europeans, 
they   will  Ibmetimes  rather  put  a  man  to 
death  lor  Healing  a  flieep,  than  killing  a  man. 
Whereas   in  thole   parts    where  Europeans 
have  the    authority  in  their   hands,  as  at 
,'lxim,  jVJiiia,  ami  Mourcf,  tiiett  is  puniflied 
by  a  proper  mnld.     I  have  before,  in  the 
particul.ir  defcription  of  the7^;//./>  fort  at 
/Ixim,  given  a  fketch  of  the  DutJj  faftor's 
prerogatives  and  jurifdid^ion  over  that  coun- 
try, and  that  of  Amobcr,  which  has  been 
long  lubje(5t  to  /Jm  \    and  how  he  ma- 
nages it,  in  concert  with  the  Cahoceiroes:n.'i 
likewife  fpokcn  of  the  nature  and  extent  of 
fines  on  leveral  caufes,  and  how  the  fame 
are  divided  amongft  himfelf  and  the  judges; 
10  which  1  refer. 

Befides  die  above -dcfcribed  diftiibutior.  :oHr*c/" 
of  jutlice,  they  have  an  odd  fort,  which  is;"""*'""' 
under  the  diredlion  of   the  Mameroes,  or 
native  young  men  i  wiio  have  ercfted  a  judi- 
cial body,  or  fociety,    ol  thcmfelves,    in 
each  village  of  any  tipnliderAtion.    There 

they 


'?!,...! 


M'r' 


>i> 


'l:'l     /< 


lii'        L\:.'    I 


m:n ' 


MM 


304 


yj  Defer iptioft  of  the 


Book  Hi. 


Raw  nor  they  proienil  to  )uclgc  .ill  trivi.il  criincs,  tint 
^^y^i  .ite  brouglu  before  tlu-in,  .mil  nt  llicli  the 
gcneriility  ot  the  Rl.uks  is  very  otccn  guilty  ( 
as  curling,  beating,  orreviliii^onc  .inotlier, 
is'i.  To  thefc  tribunals  the  pcrlbii  whotliinks 
hiinfclt  injurecl  applies,  and  tivikcs  known 
his  c.ife,  viz.  futli  ;i  man  has  iniuri-d  me  in 
tliii  or  that  manner,  I  rtll  or  lurrendcr  him 
to  you,  punilh  him  accorilingly.  Upon 
wiiit'h  the  Miincrroi-i  torthwith  take  tiiit 
pcrlon  into  cuiloily,  and  al'tcra  very  flight 
enquiry  into  his  irimc,  lay  a  fine  ol  loniL' 
money  ufion  him  ;  which  il  In;  appear  not 
willing  to  pay,  they,  without  any  niore  to 


ilo,  go  to  tlu- market,  andtak^np  as  many 
gooils,  on  his  account,  as  the  fim:  conu-s  to  ■, 
which  thf  p<ior  wrcrch  mull  pay,  and  thai 
money,  as  loon  as  rcrcivcil,  thol'r  younj,' 
judgi-s  I'pcnd  in  palm-wine  .\m\  brandy. 

'I'hc.  pretended  crinic ,  whu  h  thole  youn^ 
men  uliially  t'lrie.  if  jo  various  and  ridicu- 
lous, that  it  is  tuit  worth  while  to  partuu 
laril'c  thfiu  ■  aiul  it  iIkU;  have  nothing  to  di^ 
the  whole  day,  that  can  pun  ure  them  iiioiu\ 
to  dunk,  they  Iprnd  iheir  lime  in  contriving 
tobrint;  in  lome  body,  on  oni  pntcncc  or 
other,  (hat  will  lupply  thctn  with  it. 


C  H   A    r.    XXV. 

Ofth-  religion  of  the  Blacks.  I'hey  haze  a  notion  of  oticCtott.  Tiicnd  of 
shi:  (icfil.  Portugucfc //////To/;.  Conceit </ thunder-  Opinions  vj  the  cre- 
ation. Future  ftate.  Manner  of  zi'orjhip.  'Deities  or  tciuls.  'Parallel 
idolatry  of  other  nationu  Idols  made  hy  thcpriefh.  Nature  and  ujcvf 
idols.  Moft  folemn  vhliii^atory  oath.  Coufidtin%  of  tdols-  'Jie^f^irji'  J.ic- 
ccfs  oj  idols.  IVorjhip  in  groves,  -j^ith  drums,  Sf  c.  'Pr lefts  of  the  Blacks. 
'Banijhing  of  the  devil.    Computation  of  time.    Of  idolatry  in  general- 


l:;f'^' 


■  li  . 


r-irittyef  T  Shall,  in  the  next  place,  tre,U  of  the  re- 
mtrihip.  ^  ligion  ot'the  people  off7/(.'//c,».  It  would 
require  a  particular  volume  to  mention  the 
numerous  anil  different  forts  ol  opinions  and 
lupcilfitions  there  arc  among  them,  there 
being  fcarcc  a  town  or  village,  nor  even  a 
private  family,  but  what  varies  from  the 
rell  in  that  point ;  however,  lor  the  fatif- 
ficTion  of  the  curious,  1  will  give  an  ac- 
count of  fuch  notions  and  pr.ifticcs  as  arc 
moll  gener.illy  received  among  them,  tlio' 
pcrh.ips  I  may  tofome  fecm  tedious,  th^rc 
bein{!,  li)  gre.it  a  diverfity  .imong  them  in 
this  afl'iir  -,  their  divinity  being  fo  erroneous, 
abfuul  and  monllrous :  for,  like  the  h.,lia>is 
in  I'lrgiira,  they  worfhip  and  adore  .ill 
Ibrts  ot  things  and  objeifb,  which  they  think 
may  do  them  harm,  as  fire,  water,  thun- 
der, great  and  fmall  guns,  horles,  and 
many  other  things,  hu'  •  ,oie  peculiarly  the 
devil.  The  fame  hon'  ur  they  pay  to  all  that 
may  be  any  way  i  .-neficial  to  them,  and 
when  afk'd,  wher  e  they  had  fo  many  ri- 
diculous  opinions  .  1  point  of  religion,  tiny 
anlwer,  like  the  /eople  of  Jafan,  th.it 
they  received  them  by  .  /.lition,  and  follow 
what  was  taught  them  by  their  forefathers, 
and  are  not  to  believe  or  praftife  any  thing 
but  what  they  received  from  them. 

Notion  of  One  God. 

■V/f  O  S  T  of  the  Blach  have  a  confufed 
■  indigefted  notion  of  one  fupreme  being, 

'   which  created  the  univerfe,  and  rules  it  .ic 
cording  to  his  will  ;    but  this  opinion  ha- 
ving, in  all  likelihood,  been  inculcated  by 
the  Europeans  living  on  the  coafV,  and  fo 
perhaps  convey'd   to  others  at  a  diftance, 


in  piocels  of  time,  il  has  hitherto  had  no 
great  elicit  upon  them  1  all  or  inolf  of  tlieni 
cntert. lining  extravag.mt  nolionsot  the  deity, 
anil  very  many  fancying  tlirrt-  are  twoGods. 

The  chief  of  thofe  two  they  fay  is  white,  (;,,,./ ,^ 
by  tlu  m  called />■')//.'.';«,  or  Jair^ocm.ui,  th.it '.iJi^nn.:, 
is,  good  man  ;  who  is  more  peculiarly  the 
God  of  the  Euro/r;vr,  an.l  I'upplies  them 
with  all  good  things.  The  other,  they  con- 
ceit is  black,  whom,  Irom  the  I'orliiprl- 
language,  thiy  call  Di-'nomo.,  cr  Di.ihn, 
being  a  wicked,  mifchievous  Ipirit,  who  pir- 
ticularly  infclls  .iiul  plagues  them  i  being  ol 
his  nature  cruel  .md  impl.u.ible,  giving  thrii 
none  of  thole  good  things  the  other  allows 
us  to  bountit'ulh  .but  only  .1  little  t'jolil,  torn, 
palm-wine  and  i  hie  kens,  which  ihey  have  a!- 
molt  in  Ipight  ot  him.  as  being  [)urchafeil  In 
their  lab(jur  .mil  indiillry  •,  ;ind  that  fur  the 
I attle,and  oth'T  r.u.ihle  beafls  they  nowliavi", 
they  .uu  behohlin  tD  the  Porliigiict:,  who 
firll  carried  tluin  into  their  country  :  That 
it  is  the  c.irth  which  fiiininies  them  with 
corn  .md  gold,  the  lea  with  all  forts  0; 
fifh  ,  and  that  they  may  think  the  God  ol 
the  IFiules  tor  the  rain,  which  fertilizes  the 
land,  and  makes  corn,  gold   and  iron. 

Piitlo,  l'jM:aking  of  the  number  ot  gods,  Piim,  j 
owns  one  only  true,   good,  bountiful  ami"*''"' 
fupreme  deity  ;  but  acknowledges  a  number^ 
of    inferior   gods,  among  which  Ibiiie  arc 
vifiblc,  and  called  the  celcltial  bodies.  Then 
coming  to  the  da.'mons,  he  cxprelfes  himlill 
thus :  Next  are  the  d:cmons,  yet  lower  tli.in 
the  former  •,  being  of  an  airy  nature,  in  the 
third  middle  region  of  the  air,  pl.iced  there 
to  be  the  interpreters  of  the  gotls,  which 
d.-cinons  we  ought  to  honour,  becaufe  they 
officiate  as  intcrccllbis  in  our  affairs. 

Dreao 


Book  III.  I  Chap.  2^.  Coafts  of  Sour  h-Gv  is  e\. 


p  as  many 
(Onus to  i 
,  ,ind  tli.\i 
lofr  youn^; 

hole  youn^ 
.unl  ruliii;- 
to  partuii 
itliiii^  Cuilo 
hem  i\>(mi'\ 
1  Kmiriviiij^ 
prrtcntc  or 
h  It. 


'Dii'tiei  of 

vj  //.'('  cie- 

'Parallel 

and  ttfcof 

the  Blacks. 
'I  ^ctierai 

lierto  liad  no 
moll  of  tliem 
isot  tlu-ilcity, 
All'  twoCiods. 
'  I'.iy  is  white,  <;,-,,(  jj 
>i^ori>ii'>i<  l\t.\\.i" '"■■■■■■ 
jx-nili.iriy  the 
liilH)lii's  them 
ler,  tliey  con- 
he  Portiipey 
\    or  Di.ihn, 
lirit,  who  {i.ir- 
iiu  i  being oi 
u,  giving;  theni 
„•  othci-  .lUows 
tk'  L'.okl,  I  oni, 
,uhcy  luvcal- 
;  l)iirth.»l"ed  hy 

lul  tli.U  for  the 

iK-y  now  i>.u-e, 

•ytu^ue'c,  who 

iMuury :  That 

ics  liicni  with 

,.  all  Ibrts  oi 

nk  the  God  nl 

:h  fertilizes  thi: 

and  iron. 

liber  ot  godi,P.ito,  J 

bountiful  ami'*'''' 

dgos  a  number^"' 

lich  Ibme  arc 
bodies.  Then 

jprelfes  himfll 
yet  lower  ih.ui 
nature,  in  the 
placed  there 
gods,  which 
becaul'e  they 
aftairs. 
Dread 


10? 


DuFAO  «/  ihe  DtvtL. 

TM  K  Hlucki  very  much  dread  the  devil, 
and  quake  .it  (us  very  namr,  attribu- 
ting li>  liini  all  tlifir  niisforiuncs  and  dif- 
apixiintmenf-,  and  believing  that  their  other 


II.'lJ'l  '• 


iH'p \  , ■- ■  ...J, ..-. 

luitirular  deities  are  lomrtimes  over  ruled 
by  him. 

Many  K'ok  upon  it  as  an  invention  of 
tr.ivelkrs,  when  told,  that  the  fl/./c/ti  affirm 
they  are  often  beaten  by  rlie  devil  :  I  fliall 
not  art;uc  about  the  fat't,  but  it  is  certain, 
tli.it  in  leveral  places  tluy  have  been  often 
hc.ird  to  cry  and  howl  in  the  night,  and 
fiiine  leen  running  out  ol  their  huts  in  a 
fweat,  (liivering  .iiul  weeping  i  .ind  fonic 
Bhuki  ^l  Ant  afTured  me,  not  only  that 
the  devil  often  be.it,  but  th.it  he  alii)  fonic- 
nines  apiK-artil  to  theiu  in  the  (liape  of  a 
black  ilogi  and  that  at  other  times  he 
i[V)k'-  to  them,  and  yet  they  could  not  lie 
hull. 

'I'he  Ptil  i^oiisol  fourh  Ami'i'ua,  fiy  there 
is  a  yreat  horiitil  devil,  who,  when  any  of 
tnem  dies,  isleen  .ittended  l)y  ten  or  twelve 
fnialler  iKvils,  lUneing  merrily  about  the 
corps. 

The  people  of  Calicut,  on  the  Ma.'al/ar 
co.ill,  in  the  lui)llndie>,  tho'  they  believe 
in  on':  Cioil,    yet  at   the    f.mie  time  they 
woifliip    the     ikvil  -,     erert    (l.itucs,     and 
offer  incenfe  and  facrificc  to  liim,  a.i  if  he 
were  aileity,  believing  hini   to  be  the  I'u- 
preme  judge  of  human  allaiis,  and  placed 
by  God  on  earth  tor  that  end,     Thevcall 
him  Dciimo,    and  the  king  has  his  eHiy,ifs 
in  his  chapel,  fcatcd  on  a   chair  of  met..), 
with  a  triple  crown   on    his  head,    having 
alio  four  horns  and  lour  teeth,  his  mouth 
very    large,    and  giping   wide,  as  .ire  his 
nole  and  cars  •,    tin    hands  like  a  monkey, 
and  the  feet  like  acock,  all  which  together 
makes  a  hideous  frightful  figure.  The  cha- 
pel is  alio  adorned    ill  about  with  many 
pidfiircs,  reiirefenting  fmaller  I'a-mons,  of  the 
like  form,  and  it  is  I'erved  by  Ibme  i?>-,7./ - 
ri,i«;,  who  arc  to  w.dh  that  figure  ot  the 
devil  with  fwcct   waters,  and  often  to    in- 
eenle   it  with  .t.   cenfer,    alter    which   they 
ring  a  little  bell,  then  prollratc  themfelves 
before  him,  and  ofi'er  facnfice.    T"tu  king 
never  dines  till  lour  ot   his  pritfts  have  of- 
fcieti  the  devil  the  meat   that  is  drelled  lor 
him.     There  is  alio  a  m.ignificent  temple 
built  in  honour  of  the  devil,  in  the  midlt 
of  a   Like,    after    the    antique    lorm,  with 
double  ranges  of   columns,    like    that   of 
St.  John  at  Rome  ;  and  in  it  a  very  large 
high  alt.ar  of  flone.     I'hiiher  all  the  nobility, 
gentry  and   priefb,  from  all  the   country, 
within  twenty  five  days  journey  round  about, 
repair,  with  an  infinite  multitude  of  meaner 
people,    on  the  twenty  fifth  pf  December, 
our  Chiijlmas-fSAy,    to  be    dcanfed  from 
their  .ins  i  and  there  the  Bracbmam  or  prielts 
Vol.  V. 


anoint  the  heads  of  them  all  with  a  certain  Barhot. 
oil  :  and  thus  anointed,  every  one  goes  and  ^"^^t^^ 
proflrates  himfelf  before  that  tngluful  fi- 
gure of  .9(i/(i«  1  and  after  adoring  it  with 
much  fervour,  every  one  returns  home. 
This  devotion  holds  for  three  iliys  fucccf- 
fively  ;  all  murderers,  other  malefaftors, 
and  banilhed  perfons,  are  there  pardoned  : 
to  that  at  fomc  times  above  a  hundred  thou- 
f.inil  fouls  have  been  there  together,  for  ths 
country  i>of  a  very  great  <  .<tent  and  |x)pa- 
lous.     Hi/lury  of  J'loiligiiS,  I  .ib.  I    p.  5. 

Wnetherthis  opinion  ol  the  Hithki  being  8'i'i//''iiix 
beaten  .ind  haunted  by  evil  I'pirits,  as  tiiey '*'"''*"• 
report,  is  real  or  not,  will  futricKntly  ap- 
pear, when  I  (ome  hercalter  to  Ipcak  ot 
their  annual  cullom  of  baniOiing  him  out 
of  .dl  their  towns,  with  abuml.inee  of  cere- 
monies, a>  at //xi"i, //'(/.I,  and  leveral  other 
p.irts  ot  'he  coafl :  which  is  far  from  praying 
and  m.ikiiig  offerings  to  him,  as  fome  au- 
thors relate  ■,  laying,  they  never  e.u  or  drink 
without  throwing  Tome  put  on  the  ground 
t(jr  the  devil,  which  isagrols  mittake  1  that 
meat  or  drink  lu  thrown  on  the  ground 
being  for  their  peculiar  deities,  or  for  fomc 
Iriends  deceafed,  as  I  have  oblervcd  elle- 
whcre. 

From  this  dread  and  terror  of  the  devil  jiptMri- 
proceeds  their  jiofitive  bili.f,  of  the  ap- ''"""• 
pearing  cf  ghotfs  and  Ipirits,  which  they 
fancy  (o  frequently  dilturb  anil  Icare  people 
among  them.  They  are  lb  full  of  this  opi- 
nion, that  when  any  one  dies,  efjifcially 
tome  conlider.ible  perlbi,  they  perpK'Xone 
anoilurwith  frightful  llories  of  hisappcar- 
ing  lewr.d  nights  n.ar  his  late  dwelling. 

Il   a  king  of  theirs  h.ippens  to   be  killed  fj/«f(i». 
in  the  wars  with  any  I ■  u •  ojc a  11  n.mow  at  the"'"-    . 
coall,    .ind  an   Euraje.iii   gener.d,   or  chief 
t.iCtor  dijs  a  natural  ile.it  h  loon  alter,  they 
b  licve  anil  lay,  that  king  has  call'd  him, 
fince  he  had  no  opportunity  to  be  reveng'd 


wlulll  living. 


M  1 


S    S     1    O    N    S. 


nplll-'.  Pottn^uefc'  formerly,  and  as  long 
*■  as  they  were  mafter.s  of  the  GdJCoaft, 
were  careful  to  keep  a  conllant  mifTion  in 
this  and  leveral  other  parts  ot  Guinea,  in 
order  to  convert  the  liLiiks  to  the  Roman 
Catloli.k  religion,  but  with  very  little  fuc- 
cels  i  nor  did  the  French  Ca/udne  niilTioners, 
lent  thither  in  the  year  1635,  (peed  better, 
Thofe  French  mifTioners  were  let  athore  at 
/J/en),  and  at  firft  made  fomc  progrefs among 
the  people  1  who  treated  them  very  courtc- 
oufly,  and  teemed  to  have  fomc  rclith  of 
chriiliaiiity  ;  but  foon  after,  they  fcofled  at 
them,  and  their  doctrine.  Three  of  thofe 
Ci/iHiWifjdying  there  thro'  the  unwholefome- 
nels  of  the  climate,  the  other  two,  who  ftill 
held  out  agaioft  tluc  intemperate  air,  with- 
I  i  i  i  drew 


■'"III 


']m  I 


I,  i 


|"H' 


■o> 


:i'  1 


*p;':: 


i'».i 


: '  HHi. 


?5i  ^r-' 


30(^ 


y^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  III. 


Parfot  tircw  to  the  Porlu^uefe  ne.ir  /fx;';«,  being  no 
^"^V^  lon^yr  able  to  bear  with  t!ic  infulting  ht- 
h.ivioiirofthe  S/i^/ii^j,  an>.i  tlieiriicridingthe 
clirilVian  religion.  In  fhort,  whatlocvcr  we 
can  urge  to  the  Blacks  in  general,  concern- 
ing the  chriftian  divinity,  viz.  That  what 
7"'"''^'  m.iy  he  bwnvn  of  God  ii  mamft'ft  in  them,  G'"l 
'"' '"'  ""''b.ivingjhotved  it  unto  [hem,  from  the  crrntion 
of  the  worlij,  by  the  things  that  are  inmh, 
(i':n  his  etirnal  pon'cr  and  godhead  ;  to  ufe 
the  words  of  St.  Paul,  Rom.  i.  20.  they  .it 
firft  ^  rni  to  give  ear  to  .iml  believe;  but 
a";  (bon  as  our  backs, ire  tiirn'ci,  tiiey  forget 
all  that  was  told  them  :  or  if  fonic,  vvjio 
have  better  memories,  do  happen  to  retain 
it,  they  feldom  fail,  uyou  the  flightelt  oc- 
cafion,  to  ritiicuic  it  in  tiieir  trolitks,  even 
tl-.dle  who  are  lerv.iius  to  the  Europeans  on 
the  eo.iif,  fome  ol  whom  I  have  fccn  fo  t.ir 
inilniL'tcd  in  the  ihriilian  religion,  astoan- 
fwu'  very  pertly  to  our  eatechifm,  and  to 
Ipe.ik  pertinently  of  the  creation;  the  fdl 
ot  .:,lai>i  ;  Noah'^i  flooil  ;  of  .\fn.e.<,  anil  of 
Ji-:-  cS  Christ  ;anil  yet  would  no  more  for- 
la'-.etlieir  ic'o'.itrous  worlliip, than  the  vrolUll 
and  molt  ignorant  of  their  counii\r.ien  ; 
or  if  any  ilo,  the  number  is  very  inconli- 
derable. 

Notion!  of  Tuv^idilr. 

ll/HEN  it  thunders,  they  fay,  it  is  the 
"  '  noile  of  the  trumpets,  or  blowing-horns 
o^Jan Coeman,  fo  they  call  God  ;  who,with 
re-.-erencc  be  it  fpoken,  is  diverting  himfelf 
with  his  wives :  and  therefore  when  it  tluin- 
df  rs  much,  or  tho'  there  be  only  flafhes  of 
liahtiiing,  they  prefently  run  under  covert, 
if  pollible  ;  believing,  that,  if  they  did  not 
fo,  God  would  ill  ike  them  with  his  thun- 
tlerbolis,  bec.uile  they  are  none  ot  his  people, 
they  bt  ing  bhick,  and  he  white.  When  any 
h.ippentobe  killed  by  lightning,  as  itduis 
fometimes,  where  dreadful  thunder  is  fo  fre- 
t)U(  tit  at  lome  times  ot  the  y^ar,  as  has 
been  oblervcd  ;  they  attribute  i'  to  that 
caule,  and  are  much  amazed  to  lee  the  Eu- 
ropeans fo  unconcerned  at  thunder.  What 
I  have  fiiil  is  confirmed  by  what  we  read  in 
the  liirtory  of  Spain,  that  about  the  year 
1480,  the  Spaniards  trading  at  the  coall, 
found  thofc  fiA?r,tj  extremely  covetous,  and 
fond  ofafort  of  fea-(hells,  giving  anything 
they  had  for  them,  as  believing  they  had  a 
peculiar  virtue  againit  thunder  j  whereupon 
fo  many  of  thofe  (hells  were  carried  out  of 
Spain,  that  at  iaft  they  were  fcarce  to  be 
had  there  for  money,  p.  1202.  lib.  22. 

Tho'  it  is  reported  of  the  Rrafilians,  that 
they  adore  no  gods  or  idols,  nor  have  any 
fenfe  of  religion,  yet  fome  of  them  believe 
there  is  a  God,  and  fay  it  is  he  that  makes 
the  great  noife  of  thunder. 


I'M  wild. 


Opinions  of  the  Creation. 
nr  HF.Y  make  no  olTerings  to  God,  norxd,,.,, 
*•    call  upon  him  in  atime  of  need  ;  hnV'Cm 
upon    all    occafions   apply    themfclves  to 
their  idols,  or  peculiar  deities,  and  pray  to 
them  in   all    their   difficulties  and  under- 
takings. 

They  have  difterent  opinions  as  to  the  crc-j\,'„  „ 
ation,  many  of  rhem  believing,  that  man  was ^jj^.j^ 
made  by  .knanfie,  that  is,  a  great  fpider  ot 
a  montlrous  fize,  as  has  been  before  dcfcrib'd  , 
which  is  no  more  abfurd,  thin  what  is  le- 
ported  of  the  G;«(((/ii  Indians  in  AVw  FraKc, 
who  fay,  that  the  world  having  been  loll 
in  the  waters,  was  retrieved  by  one  Meffo-.i. 

Others    again    attribute  the  creation  olBli  i, 
man  to  God,  but  affert,  that  in  the  begin  "-if.' 
ning  God  created   Black,  as  well  as  IFbue^"" 
men  ;  i'o  to  make  out  their  race  as  ancient     '' 
as  ours,  and   tor  their  own  farther  honour 
they  adil,  that  when  God  had  created  thole 
two  forts  of  .lien,  he  ofl(;red  them  two  f  - 
veral  gifts,  viz.  gold,  and  the   knowleuge 
of  arts  and  letters,    giving  the  Blacks  the 
Fiill  choice,    who  :ook  the  gold,   and  le'i 
learning  to  the  Whites.     God  granted  tluir 
rcquell:,  but  being  otlenc    '  at  iheir  avarice, 
refolvcd  that  the  tVbites  lliould  tor  ever  be 
their  maftcrs,  and   they  obliged  to  wait  on 
them  as  their  (laves. 

Some  few  atHrin,  that  man  at  his  fi:(l: 
creation,  was  not  (liaped  as  he  is  at  prelent ; 
but  that  thofe  parts  which  make  the  dif 
tinftion  of  fexes,  in  men  and  women,  were 
placed  more  in  view,  tor  the  convenieney 
of  copulation:  and  when  the  world  was  well 
peopled,  the  deity,  tor  modefty  fake,  re- 
duced them  to  what  they  now  are. 

To  conclude,  others  think  that  the  firlt 
men  came  out  ot  dens  and  caves,  like  th.u 
which  is  at  prelent  in  a  great  rotk,  nrxt 
the  tea,  near  the  Dutch  furt  .it  Aru  :  but  to 
mention  all  their  various  notions  concerning 
the  creation  of  the  mooi:  and  liars,  would 
be  tedious  ;  fome  fancying,  as  has  been  by 
others  among  us,  that  the  moor,  is  inhabited, 
and  they  pretend  to  have  feen  a  man  in  her, 
beating  a  drum,  with  many  more  abfurdi- 
ties. 

Mi^fon  refleding  on  the  religious  wordiipM,,;, 
oi' i\\e  Blacks  o\  Mad fl«  afar,  and  other  p.uts 
about  the  cape  of  Good  Hope,  after  taking 
notice  that  they  adore  one  only  God, 
creator  of  all  things  ;  adds,  they  have  alio 
a  particular  veneration  for  the  fun  and  moon, 
his  chief  minilfcrs,  whole  bufinels  it  is  to 
give  life  to  the  earth  and  all  creatures  on 
it.  Thofe  pople,  fays  he,  have  neitaer 
idols  nor  ceremonies,  nor  any  vilible  out- 
ward fort  of  worthip,  and  admit  of  no 
law  but  that  of  nature.  If  they  feaft  and 
dance  at  the  appearance  of  every  new  moon, 
it  is  not  to  pay  any  veneration  to  her,  but  to 

re; 


Nil; 


^     V 


Book  III  I  Chap.  2?.        Coafts  of  South-Guinea. 


noN. 

to  God,  nor.\fi,r:,; 
■  need  •,  but '-<;;• 
lemlcK'L's  to 
and  pray  to 
and   iindt;r- 

as  tothecrc-frjn..,,, 
tlutmin  wuiij-ijij- 
'cat  Ipider  ot 
jredcfcrih'd  , 
1  what  IS  ic- 

ing  been  loll 
one  Mt'jjh:i. 
;  creation  oIb:i„, 
in  the  begin- "'•I''.' 
/ell  as  If^hite'^l',,^ 
ace  as  ancient 
rther  honour 
created  tholl- 
them  two  f  ■ 
,e    knowleuge 
he  Blacks  the 
rold,   and  le!t 
granted  their 
:  their  avarice. 
Id  lor  ever  be 
red  to  wait  on 

;ni  at  his  fr.n: 
;  is  at  prel'ent  i 
iiake  the  dif- 
woiTiL-n,  were 
le  tonveniency 
world  was  well 
ledy  lake,  rc- 
are. 

k  that  the  full 

aves,  like  lh.\i 

at   rock,  next 

A  III :  but  to 

)ns  concerning 

1  llais,   would 

IS  has  been  by 

)ri  is  inhabited, 

a  man  in  her, 

more  abfurdi- 

ligiousworniips,j,.i, 
and  other  parts 
f-,  after  taking 
e    only    God, 
they  have  alio 
I  fun  and  moon, 
jufinel's  it  is  to 
111  creatures  o"". 
have  neiiiier 
\y  vilible  out- 
admit  of  no 
they  feaft  and 
try  new  moon, 
to  her,  but  to 
rcr 


liiih. 


rejoice  for  the  return  and  benefit  of  her 
p,i hmr ft \\ght.  In  a  word,  they  are  true  deifts : 
Whereupon,  fay>  he,  I  cannot,  by  the  by, 
forbear  declaring,  contrary  to  the  common 
received  opinion,  that  no  real  diftinction 
can  be  made  betwixt  fuch  people  and  thofe 
that  are  generally  callM  athcifts,  the  uftlefs 
iiod  cf  the  (Icifls,  being  no  god  :  and  in  this 
they  are  lefs  orthodox  than  the  devils  them- 
felves,  who  have  a  more  jull  idea  of  the 
tlivinity.  Befulcs,  to  fay,  that  one  adores 
God,  without  loving  or  fearing  him,  with- 
out aiking  or  expeding  any  thing  from  him, 
nor  having  any  regard  lor  him,  is  molt  pro- 
perly to  be  without  a  Ciod  •,  and  to  be 
without  a  God,  is  to  be  an  atheilf.  This  I 
think  is  much  the  cafe  of  the  Guinea  Hl.icku 


V  U  T  L'  R  E    S  T  A  T  K. 

THE  notions  the  fii'^A  have  of  a  futi.ri' 
Itite,  are  alio  various.  The  molt  be- 
lieve,  that  immediately  alter  death,  they  go 
to  another  world,  wher  •  they  live  in  the 
l.une  Itation  and  nature  as  thty  did  here, 
and  are  fublilled  by  the  offerings  of  provi- 
fions,  money  and  clothes,  their  relations  left 
behind  make  tor  them  after  their  deceafe. 
Iidoes  not  appear  they  believe,  or  have  any 
iJea  of  future  rewards  or  punilliments,  for 
the  good  or  ill  actions  of  their  lite  jialt  ; 
only  lome  few  excepted,  who  fancy  the  dead 
are  conveyed  to  a  famous  river,  by  them 
called  Bofmanpie,  up  the  inland  country  ; 
that  there  their  god  enquires  into  their  pait 
life,  whether  they  have  rtligioufly  oblervM 
tiicir  teltival  or  labbath,  and  whether  they 
have  inviolably  abltained  from  all  forbidden 
meats,  and  kept  tlieir  oaths  r  Iflo,  they  are 
gently  waited  over  thai  river  into  a  country 
where  there  is  nothing  but  happinels :  but, 
if  they  have,  on  the  contrary,  traiifgrelfcd 
thole  obfervances,  the  deity  plunges  them 
into  tlie  river,  wiiere  they  are  drowned  and 
huried  in  perpetual  oblivion. 

Ti\e  native  Lu::ans  ol  yirgiiiia,  of  whom 
I  have  11. id  oi'calion  to  t..ke  notice  before, 
beheve  the  immortality  of  tiie  foul,  and  that 
:iftcr  death  the  fouls  of  good  men  go  to  hea- 
ven, and  thofe  of  the  wicked  to  a  large  pit 
or  hole,  by  I'.icmcaUM  y-'o/'o_^;(//o,  which  they 
fincy  is  far  to  the  wcftward  from  them, 
where  they  burn  ibr  ever. 
..  Others  believe  that  human  louls  are  cor- 
ruptible and  mortal,  as  well  us  their  bodies  ; 
which  was  the  opinion  of  the  SaJdiices,  one 
of  the  lour  fedls  among  the  'Jcws. 

Others  own  they  know  not  what  becomes 
of  the  foul  aiier  death  i  and  others  that  the 
departed  foul  tiaiifmigratts  into  the  body 
uf  lome  other  animil,  without  lofing  its 
luture  or  faculties. 

This  was  the  opinion  Pylrjtiqfiras  taught 
the (.>(?;c«i.»samoiig  whom  he  lived.whcn  he 


[-...^ 


?o7 

fled  from  Samos,  his  native  country,  becaufe  Barhot. 
of  the  tyrannical  government  of  its  prince.  ^■^V>^ 
He  receiv'd  this  notion  of  tranfmigration 
of  fouls,  from  the  Egsptiam  :  for,  if  we 
may  believe  Hernihtus,  they  were  the  firft 
who  faid,  that  the  foul  departing  out  of  one 
body  palled  into  another  ;  and  that  after 
having  pafTed  into  thofe  of  bcalts,  fifhcs  and 
birds.  It  again  r 'turned  into  that  of  man, 
and  was  three  thoufand  years  in  performing 
that  revolution  ;  the  foul  being  like  wax, 
which  can  be  made  into  a  thouland  figures, 
and  is  Itill  the  fame  wax  -,  and  fo  the  foul 
anim.ited  leveral  bodies  fuccefTively,  Hill  re- 
maining the  fame  it  was  at  firft.  The  bet- 
ter to  inculcate  that  opinion  to  the  Croto- 
hi.it.-,  he  told  them,  he  well  remembered, 
that  at  the  fiegeof  Troy,  he  was  Eupborbu>y 
the  Ion  of  Paiitbus ;  and  that  not  long  fince, 
he  hati  fecn  the  buckler  he  carried  at  that 
time,  in  the  temple  of  "Juno,  M/ligos. 

1  he  Pi.-arlfiei,  the  molt  renowned  of  the  Pliarifct-,. 
four  fects  among  the  Jeivs,  in  the  days  of 
'Jojfpbui,  ao  we  fee  in  him,  lib.  i.S.  cap.  ii. 
believ'd  the  immortality  of  the  foul,  that  it 
would  be  juilged  in  another  world,  and  re- 
warded or  puniflied,  according  to  what  it 
had  dcferved  in  this  world  -,  and  that  the 
wicked  were  eternally  detained  prifoners  in 
the  next  life,  and  the  virtuous  returned  to 
this  again. 

Many  things  I  have  already  faid,  and  fliall '''/""' 
have  occafion  to  add   hereafter,    feem  to,„,,„ 
prove  lome  conformity  between  thofe  Blacks  BhckmuJ 
and  the   aiitient  Jews,  which  may  jierhaps  J<=ws. 
have  Uvrn  communicated  to   them  by  the 
Jrats,  who  have  fpread  themfelves  into  the 
neighbouring  countries  ;  and  being  doubt- 
lelsdelcendcd  from  Ij'inad,  the  fon  of //ira- 
I.Kiiit  by  lljgai;  and  Kfuu  the  fon  of  Ifaac, 
have  prelerved  fonie  of  the  culloms  and  opi- 
nions ot' their  tore-fathers.    But  to  return  to 
the  Hit.  KS  : 

I  have  heard  fome  fay,  that  the  Ibul  goes 
under  the  earth  to  .v.\  antient  perlbn,  whom 
they  call  Roijiefoe,  who  examines  it  narrowly, 
as  to  the  good  or  b.id  adionsof  its  former 
lite  ;  and  if  it  has  livetl  well,  puts  it  into 
fbme  animal,  and  conveys  it  over  a  large  ri- 
ver, into  a  pleafant  country,  or  elfe  drowns 
it  there,  as  was  faid  above. 

Others  are  of  opinion,  that  after  death  White wm 
they    are  tranfported  to  the  lands   of  the*""""''^- 
lyi.Htes,  andchang'd  into  IVh'uf  men  i  which 
they  look  upon  as  a  great  advantage,    and 
Ihews  how  much  more  honourable  they  think 
IFbiie  men  than  themfelves. 

There  are  many  more  conceits  ^m^^ng  j  „/,  i,. 
them,  concerning  a  future  ftate ;  but  from  Unti  im^ 
what  has  been  faid,  may  be  deduced,    that  w*""'' 
tholt;  people  are  fully  pcrlu.ided  of  the  im- 
mortality of  the  foul,  as  is  confirmed  by  their 
ofTerings  of  men,  eatables  and  clothes,  which 
I  have  before  faid  they  lay  about  the  graves. 

The 


H  H-i^  i! 


i'5i.> 


Hi 


it 


.lU 


Irs  '•; 


\l 


3o8 


A  Defcriptiott  of  the 


Book  III.  Ichap.  : 


mm 


Barbot.      The  notions  of  the  inland  Blacks,   as  to 
^^"V^^  this  particular,  are  dill  moreabfurd  and  ftu- 

hUnJ   "^^'^^  ■'  ^°''  ^^  'o'^^""  O"""  *''"^*^  at  the  caift, 
Bbcks.      there  lives  a  famous  pricft  or  conjurer,  in  a 
very   fine  open  houfe,  far  up  the  country, 
who  they  fay,  has  the  wind  and  weather  at 
his  beck,  which  he  alters  at  pleafure  ;  and  to 
prove  this,  they  pretend,  that  tho'  his  houfe 
is  not  covered,   yet  it  never  rains  into  it. 
They  give  our,  that  he  knows  all  things  paft, 
can  foretcl  fufire  events,  and  cures  all  dil- 
tempers.  They  further  affirm,  that  all  thofe 
who  live  near  his  dwelling,  mult  appear  be- 
fore and  be  examined  by  him,  whom,  if  they 
have  led  a  good  life,  he  fends  to  a  happy 
place  ;  if  otiierwife,  he  kills  them  over  again, 
with   a  club,    made  for   that  purpofe  and 
Handing  beforL'  his  houfe,  which  caufes  him 
to  be  much  honoured  by  the  people,    who 
daily  tell  frelli  miracles  of  him.     This  in- 
llance   of    the    fimplicity  of  thole  deiuiied 
people,  fliews  tlie  fubtiUy  and  craliincrs  of 
liieirpriells,  who  can  lb  fir  blind  them,  that 
they  may  <vjt  difcover  their  pal|i.ib!e  Ir.iuds, 
and  kei  p  them  in  an  ablblute  lubmidion  to 
tlitml.'lves,  upon  all  occafions  ;  I'o  to  gratify 
their   infatiable  avarice,  or  vanity,  anil  lord 
it  over  them,  as  well  in  civil  as  in  religious 
affairs. 


Manner  of  Worship. 
■p*  R  O  M  :he  aforefaid  erroneous  ami  ab- 
furd  notions  the  Blacks  have  of  the  deity) 
proceed  the  monffrous  and  idolatrous  ways 
of  wcrfhip,  whereof  we  are  to  fpeak  in 
the  next  place. 

The  word  l-Vtliffo,  is  Portuguefc,  as  has 
been  obferv'd  before,  and  fignifies,  a  fjiell, 
or  charm,  the  Pcr/«f«i°yd' looking  upon  their 
];r.'.dtices  as  no  other,  and  from  them  the 
Riiii  h  borrow'd  if,  but  it  is  the  word  Boffiiin, 
whiih  in  the  proper  langu.ige  of  \.\\t  BLicks, 
f.gnifies  a  god,  or  an  idol  ;  ethers  call  it 
B  ffif'i",  as  has  been  laid  before  :  this  word  is 
cliiclly  taken  in  a  religious  fcnfe,  and  they  are 
fo  fir  fallen  into  thcl'ottiigueje  traji,  that  they 
call  whatloevcr  is  confecrated  to  the  honour 
ot  their  goii,  Fei.'ijfn,  or  a  charm  -,  and  fo 
the  naine  is  given  to  thofe  artificial  bits  of 
gold  they  wear  as  ornaments,  fo  often  men- 
tion'd  in  other  chapters.  We  don't  find  any 
nation  in  th;  univerfe  befides  the  JS/a^ h  of 
Gidiien,  and  the  northern  people  about 
Nova  Zambia,  that  ufe  this  word  Fnit'tffo  in 
a  religious  fenfe  ;  and  the  latter  give  tliat 
name  to  their  idols,  which  arc  half  figures 
of  men,  cut  in  the  trunks  or  (lumps  of  trees. 
Handing  in  the  earth,  with  their  roots,  be- 
fore which  ftatues  they  pay  their  religious 
worffiip. 

Every  Black  has  his  peculiar  Boffutn,  or 
idol,  which  they  worfliipon  their  birth-day, 
calling  that  day  in  the  Portiipicfe  language 
alio  Dia  fanio,    or  a  holy  day  •,    on  which 


S.it/ifi  of 


r>*yi  to 
!' injur 
•hnn. 


they  drink  no  palm-wine  till  the  fun  fets, 
and    they  are    clothed   ail   in  white,    and 
thcmfclves   fmear'd  with    white    earth    in 
token  of  purity.    Moft  of  them,  efpeciallv 
luch  as  are  any  thing  confiderable,   have  ii 
day  every  week  to  honour  their  idols.    On 
that  day  they  kill  a  cock,    or  if  they  are 
able,  a  iheep,  which  they  olfer  to  their  god  ; 
butas  foon  as  kill'd,  they  tear  it  in  pieces  with 
their  hands,  and  the  owner  has  the  finalkd 
ffiare  of  it,  his  friends  and  acquaintance,  who 
are  generally  prefent  at  fuch  olVcrings,  fallinir 
on,   and  every  one  feizing  a  piece  •,  whitii 
they  broil,    clean  or  foul,  and  eat  it  vci  v 
greedily.     They  cut  the  guts  into  Imall  hits, 
and  fqueezing  out  the  dung  with  their  lin- 
gers, boil  them  with  the  other  entrails,   :i 
little  flic  and  Malaguetta,  or  G«i«f.j-peppcr, 
without  w.ifhing  off  the  blood  -,  and  call  it 
Eyiit-jeha,  reckoning  it  molt  delicious  fbod. 
They  commonly  folemnize  their  holy  day, 
in  fome  wide  open  place  ;    in  the  midit  ot);,   ;' 
which,  they  ereft  a  fort  of  table,   or  altar, 
about  four  foot  fquare,    fupported  by  lour 
]>illarsof  cluy,  adorn'd  with  green  boiigis 
and  leaves  of  reeds.     This  altar   is  fet  up 
at  the  foot  of  fome  tall  tree,  which  is  con- 
fecrated to  their  deities,  and  on  it  they  lay 
Indian  wheat,  millet  and  rice-ears,    palm 
wine,  water,  flelli,  fiPi,  bananas,  and  othtr 
fruit,  for  the  entertainment  of  their  idols;  be- 
ing perfuaded  they  eat  thofe  things,  tho'  tlicv 
daily  fee  them  devoured  by  birds  of  prey. 
As  foon  as  they  are  all  gone,  they  befme'u 
the  altar  with   palin-wine,    and  lay  fre'h 
provifions  on  it,    that  the  deities  may  not 
want.     In  the  mean  time,    the  prieft  king 
feated  in  a  wooden  chair  before  the  altar, 
encompafs'd  by  a  multitude  of  the  people, 
of  both  fexes,  at  certain  intervals  m.ikes  tlicni 
a  ilifcourle  of  lome  miniiies,  with  Iouil-  ve- 
hemence, in  the  nature  of  preaching  -,  whicli 
is  only  underllood   by  the  allembly,    wl-.o 
are  all  very  attentive  whillt  he  fp^ak^,  but 
will  never    tell   us  Eiiroffans   any  thing  ot 
it,  when  we  enquire,  as  if  they  were  allianrd 
of  it. 

Juft  by  the  priclt  Itands  a  pot  full  oiUm,^ 
mixed  liquor,  with  a  Iprinkler,  and  |n./'"-''''f' • 
fprinklesthe  faces  of  the  congregation,  who 
then  all  begin  to  fing  and  dance  about  ths 
tree  and  altar  ;  others  playing  on  (heir  nui- 
fical  inltrumcnts,  till  the  prielt  Hands  up, 
to  fprinkle  the  altar  with  the  confecratd 
liquor,  and  then  all  the  alTillanis  clap  their 
hands,  and  cry  I-ou,  l-ou,  which  im|X)ri3 
Amen.  Then  every  one  goes  home,  fully 
perfuaded  of  what  the  priclt  has  f  lid  to  thc-ni, 
of  the  power  and  virtues  of  their  idols.  At 
thefe  folemnities  they  are  alfb  clad  in  white, 
and  befmear'd  with  white  earth  i  as  allb.i- 
ilorned  with  abundance  of  Itrings  made  of 
the  hempilh  bark  of  the  confecrated  tree. 

Dei- 


mu'A 


Ichap.  2.?.        Coajis  of  Sou TK'GviiJE  A.  3op 


Deities,  or  Idols. 
,  ;,'.;j.  T  T  is  not  polFible  to  exprefs  what  idea 
^Z'lS'^-  tiiey  entertain  of  tlieir  gods  and  idols, 
w'.ii'-l^  they  know  not  themfelves.  Tl\is  how- 
ivcr  is  remaikablc,  that  they  have  a  great 
number  ot  them,  every  houfe-keeper  ha- 
vin"  one  in  particular,  which  they  fancy 
(liiCtly  oljferves  their  tourfe  of  life,  reward- 
inrr good, and  punifliing  wicked  men:  thcrc- 
w.iiil  lonlirts  in  multiplicity  of  wives  and 
(l.u'cs,  and  their  jHinifhrnent  in  the  want  of 
ixm ;  but  ilie  mult  ilreadhil  puniflimenc 
they  cm  imagine  is  death,  wincii  they  are 
incredibly  afraid  of. 

That  exceflive  tear  of  death  is  what  in- 
iLinu's  their  zeal  in  religious  alVairs,  and 
nvikcs  them  exai-'t  in  abll.iining  trom  tor- 
bidilen  meats  and  drinks,  lelf  they  lliould 
die,  if  they  tranlgreis.  'I'hey  make  no  great 
■icciiuiit  of  murtler,  adultery  antl  robbery 
as  fins,  becaufe  they  can  be  expiated  with 
iiol.l,  whereas  the  other  oiVences  cannot, 
Lnii  will  remain  a  charge  againll  them. 

B'.h.les  the  peculi.ir  llj/imi,   or  idol  every 
iJ.'a.i'  has,  as  mentioned  ,ibo\e,    they   h.ivc 
,;llb  a  great  number  of  an   inferior  degree, 
conl'ccrateil  to    divers    ufes    and  purjioles, 
;uid  made  of  feveral  filthy  things,    which  I 
lh,ill  hereafter  dcfcribe. 
i.       Tlv.  y  alio  svorlliip  the  fea,  rivers,  lakes, 
i:J  ponds  fillies,  mountains,  trees,  plants,  herbs, 
'■     locks  woods,  birds  and  bealls,  as  the  ,in- 
■'''uent  (ientikslud  natural  and  animal  gods. 
All  thofe  they  call  great  idols,    or  deities, 
worfliipping  them  as  gods ;  and  have  lb  great 
a  veneration  for  them,    that  they  will  be 
rc.ulv  to  tear  .iny  perlbn  in  pieces,  who  fliall 
olRr'  iliem  the  Kail  indignity,    lb  great  is 
ilicir  bigotry   in  ih.it  refpeCt,     for  example, 
they  lleilfiilly  bcliive,  that  the  cutting  olf 
;iiw  I'art  111  IbmeconllciMted  trees,  wouU!  in- 
lillibly  occalion  the  dtltrui^lion  of  all   the 
truiis  and  plants  in  the  country.      Yet   in 
luine  parts    they  will  patiently  bear  with 
ii,  being   dunt:  by  Euiopdins,  looking  up 
on  them  as  not  interior  to  thole  god-.  ;  but 
ti,r,uldany  /iujJ- prefumc  to  do  it,  he  wouKl 
\v.-  iininediaf'y    lacnficed,    and    it    is    but 
ol  latter   tin.es  that  they  will   permit  Eu- 
ro/rii«.i  to  do  fuch  things.  In  the  year   15<)K, 
the    BLuki  of    Mburte,    madacred  feveral 
Dutch  men,  who  had  cut  down  fome  con- 
l'ccrateil trees  inadvertently. 
rtt.     Thetirfi  religious  aiVemblics  of  men,  be- 
■•"  fore  they  had  built  temples,  wire  on  the  moun- 
'"'"  t.iins  and  in  the  woods :  on  mountains,  bc- 
cmfe  their  elevation  w.is  thought  more  pro- 
per for  men  to  converfe  with  god.     The  la- 
rrifices  were  offered  on  the  high  places,    by 
tlie  ikbie-Ji'h   tall'il  liumui.,    whence  came 
the  Che.k   word  Bonwi.     The  woods  and 
p,rovcs,  becaiile  of  their  gloomy  light,  were 
thought  moll  likely  to  imprint  relpcdl,  and 
ciifpole  the  mind  to  a  certain  dread,  which 
Vot.,    V. 


difpofes  men  to  devotion.     Hence  flowed  Barbot. 
the  fiiperllition  of  the  Pagans,    who  confe-i^^rf 
crated  the  oak  to  Jovf,  becaufe  the  ancients 
ufed  to  ferve  the  deity  under  oaks. 

Wc  fee,  in  almoli:  every  page  in  the  pro- 
phets, and  in  i  A7w(f.i  xiv.  23,  2.).,  ^r.  the 
Jjraeliies  are  Hill  reproacheil  with  defiling 
thcmfelves  •,  that  is,  committing  idolatry,  ■ 
under  every  green  tree  •,  and  more  pecu- 
liarly under  the  oaks,  which  was  done  in  imi- 
tation of  the  Gentiles. 

y/o/iv/,  pag.  120,  and  1.S6.  Clciiiem  Alcx-Heatlun 
amiriniii  and  Arnohitu  inform  us,  that  thei"'''- 
Ar-.ibi  adored  a  Hone  ;  ilie  hariam  a  rough 
flump  of  wood  i  thole  ol /V//w«/t',  a  Hint, 
lor  the  motiier  of  the  gods  ;  as  the  Hump 
ol  the  La'-.di:'  was  to  reprcfeiit  the  goddefs 
J):. 1,1, 1.  'Ilie  ancient  Roiiun-.i  adored  Mars 
U!uler  the  figure  of  a  half-pike  ;  the  Scythi- 
ans a  poniards,  and  the  Thij/iiuis  a  bough  of 
a  tree  for  their  goddefs  7.W/6  (Uiithhi.  All 
thefe  were  embUins,  noi  looked  upon  as 
true  reprefelirattves  of  the  gods  of  the  Gen- 
tiles i  as  the  gotl  J/il'.o/.dii.:-.',  in  the  time  of 
the  emperor  ol  thai  ii.ime,  being  the  god 
ot  the 6J^•i<i/;.s  was  adored  under  the  figure 
ot  a  pyramidal  Hone. 

The  palm-trees  are  the  moH  peculiar  tort  Pii;,«./r(« 
they  make  choice  ot  to  conlecr.ite  into  dei-  Immnii. 
tics  -,  efpecially  that  tort  of  them  which  they 
call  /iffiaiiam.  I  fuppole,  not  only  becaule 
the  moft  beautiful,  but  by  realon  they  arc 
more  numerous  than  any  other  ;  ami  .iccord- 
ingly  there  are  very  many  confecrated,  in 
all  parts,  and  fcarte  any  IHiuk  will  pafs  by 
tlum  without  t.ikins',  olf  Ibme  Hringsof  ihe 
b.iik,  which  they  twill  between  their  lingeis, 
.ind  tlien  tie  tlicm  to  their  waiHs,  nee  klaces, 
arms  or  kgs  with  a  knot  at  one  end,  ,ind 
reckon  tliole  bauliles  .1  pioteftion  againlt 
llvcr.d  mistbrtunes. 

They  have  the  more  veneration  for  con- Afi)««/aiij! 
fecratetl  mountains,  bicaule  the  thunder  iswyW^fi'''. 
naturally  more  fierce  on  them,  and  there- 
lore  lay  gre.it  t]uaniities  of  provifionsand 
liiiuors  at  the  bottoms  of  them,  in  pots  and 
troughs,  tor  the  ufe  of  thofi' deities.  In  the 
lame  m.umer  they  I'erve  the  conl'ecrated 
rocks  or  clifts,  as  we  Ice  it  pracliled  at  AVt- 
//■(/('  and  Diki.ko,  in  the  country  of  Anta  ; 
with  thisdilfcrence,  that  thole  lock  deities 
are  adorned  all  over  with  hooked  H.ives, 
as  being  the  gods  agiinll  Horms  and  torna- 
dos, as  is  likcwik-  a  VAi\.  roc  k  at  ■T'lU horary  : 
to  which  places,  as  I  obllrv'd  at  the  be- 
ginning of  this  defcriptioii,  the  Blacks  of 
Corl>)lct-/joc,  and  ot  the  ad|acent  parts  to 
Kio  ik  Sueiro  d^t  Cojla,  are  lent  yearly  in 
canoes,  atafct  time,  by  every  town  and  vil- 
lage, to  make  their  otfcrings,  according  to 
their  vows,  to  pray  ihofc  great  deities  to 
appeale  the  ocean,  and  keep  it  free  from 
Horms  and  tornados,  that  they  may  carry 
on  their  trade  in  fatety  along  the  gold  coalt. 
Kkkk  Lakes, 


•jliii.-:!' 


:  .(;  .V 


■  '<J 


i'ii:i„ 


;i  ,M 


310 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  Hi. 


4"'    S 


!!  A 


(f  .' 


WW: 


'U 


Barbot.     Lakes,  rivers  and  ponds  being  alfo  often 
''^V^' confecrated  for  greater  deities,    in  fcveral 
^Z'Z'i^  parts,    I  obferved  oncL  at  /Icra,  a  very  fin- 
gular  ceremony  performed  in  my  prefcncc, 
on  the  pond,  which  is  there,  not  far  from 
the  DaniJ/j  fort,    to  intreat  it  to  fend  rain, 
to  bring  up  tlicir  corn  then  iii  the  ground, 
tile  weather  having  been  dry  a  long  time. 
A  great  number  of  Blacks,  of  that  and  the 
neighbouring  places,    came  to  the  pond, 
bringing  with  them  a  (heep,    whofe  throat 
tlic  priells  cut  on  the  bank  of  the  fait  lake, 
after  fome  ceremonies,    fo  that  the  blootl 
ran  into  it,    and   mixed  with   tlie  wuter. 
Then  tliey  made  a  fire,    wiiilll  others  cut 
tiie  beait  in  pieces  -,  then  broiled  it  on  the 
coals,    and  eat   it  as    fail  as  it  was  ready. 
Tiiis  beingover,  Ibnie  ofthein  threw  agally- 
j)iit  into  the  pond,  niutiering  fome  words.    I 
alk'd  the  DlIiu',  who  was  with  me,  and  J'poke 
their  language  fluently,  what  it  was  tiiey  ex- 
pefted  (rom  that  ridiculous  ceremony ;  and  he 
having  put  the  quelVion  tofonit;  ofthir  Blacks, 
they  defired  him  to  tell  me,  that  the  lake  being 
o)ie  of  tlu-ir  great  deities,  and  the  common 
nulll-ngerof  all  tlie  rivers  in  their  country, 
tlicy  threw  in  the  gally-pot,  with  the  cere- 
monies I  had  lijcn,  to  implore  his  alfiftance-, 
and  in  moil  humble  manner  intreat  him  to 
t.ike  that  pot,   and  go  immediately  with  it 
to  beg  water  of  the  other  rivers  and  lakes  of 
their  country  :  and  that  they  hoped  he  would 
li)  far  oblige  them,    and  at  his  return  un- 
doubtedly pour  the  pot  full  of  water  on  their 
corn  in  the  ground,    to  moillen  and  bring 
it  up,  that  they  might  have  a  plentiful  crop. 
iwtilUl  cf    This  extravagant  ceremony,  as  abfurd  as 
the  Jews.  j[.  ;,ppears,  feems  to  be  derived  from  and  al- 
lude to  what  w.is  praclifed    with  extraor- 
dinary   folemnity,      and    much    rejoicing 
by    the    .iiicient    ILhrrjJS,     in    'Jcntfalem, 
at  their  folemn  yearly  teafts  of  the  taber- 
nacles or  tents,    which  conflantly  fell  out 
in  their  montli  of  7";z';',  bein-r  our  .SV/Zf-w/v/-, 
when  they  began  their  civii  ^ear,  as  the  cc- 
clcfiartical  began  in   the  month  of  i\'ijl'aii, 
tiiat  is  March.     To  that  feaft  of  the  t.iber- 
nacles,  there  repaired  from  all  parrs  of  the 
country,  a  vaft  multitude  of  people  to  par- 
take of  the  blefTing   of   the  effufion,    or 
pouring  out  of  the  water,  fetched  with  much 
ceremony,  in  a  bafon,    from   the  fountain 
of  Siloc  and  offered  up  to  God,  after  their 
humble  thanks  returned  to  him   for  their 
liarvefl  then  got  in.     The  folemnity  ended 
th.'  night  of  tliat  they  called  the  great  day 
of  the  feaft,  by  the  aforefiid  etfuflon  of 
the  water,  followed  by  a  mighty  fymphony 
of  trumpets,  hautboys,  and  otlierinitruments 
and  voices  of  the  temple,  and  much  dancing, 
to  beg  of  God  to  afford  them  feafonable 
rain,  reprefented  b/  that  water,    to  render 
the  earth  .fit  to  produce  more  fruit.    Hence 
it  is  very  probable,  lliat  our  baviour,  being 


at  that  folemnity  in  the  temple,  took  oc- 
cafion  to  cry  aloud  to  the  multitude  there 
prefent,  alluding  to  that  effufion  of  water 
John  vii.  ^8.  He  tb.it  helievetb  in  me,  as  the 
firipture  has  fald,  out  of  bis  belly  Jhall  fiovj 
rivers  of  living  lur.tcr.  Meaning  the  gifts 
of  the  Holy  Ghofl,  to  make  them  produce 
good  works  to  falvation. 

Don  yliigiijlin  Mmwii  yajl-cticclos,  fpcik- 
ing  of  the  religious  worfliip  of  the  BLicks  of 
Alina,  at  the  time  when  the  Bo>tiiynr!"e  be- 
gan  to  build  that  callle,    fays,    they'makc 
deities  of  any  thing  that  is  new  to  them, 
or  extraordinary  in  itlelf,  a  largt-  tall  tree,   ' 
the  bones  of  a  whale,  high  rocks,  (^c.   u, 
that  it  may  be  liiid  of  them,  their  gods  arc 
any  thing  that  is  prodigious ;  and  no  nation 
iji  all  the  world  is  more  addifted    to  rlic 
folly  of  Ibothlaying  and  cafting  lots  thain..-. 
they  are.     Their  w.iy  of  cafling  lots  is  as^'y^i 
ridiculous,  and  the  elRdt  they  cxpeft  from""' 
it,  m.iking  their  judgnirn:  by  the  mannei 
of  fome  flicks  they  drop  from  their  own 
mouths.     They  all  converfe  with  thj  devil, 
and  have  a  great  refpeft  tor  Ibicerers,  who 
m.ike  their  advantage  of  the  ignorant  en  - 
duiity  of   the  vulgar  fort ;    which  ali'onlb 
them  much  profit,  .md  gains  them  an  ab- 
iblute  authority,  thro'  the  falle  fuggeflions 
and  delufions  of  the  devil. 

To  return  to  what  we  were  fiying  of  the 
Blacks  at  /fcm,  the  Porth^^ncje,  when  they 
became  mafters  of  the  DaniJ/.i  fort  there, 
drained  the  a  fore- mentioned  pool,  in  order 
to  convert  it  into  a  lalt-pit,  after  their  ni.m- 
ner  ;  which  fb  enraged  the  neighbouring; 
Blacks,  that  partly  on  that  account,  ami 
partly,  becaufe  of  the  depredations  commit- 
ted by  the  BLiiks  at  /km,  a  very  grcu 
number  of  the  natives  fbrfook  the  place, 
and  their  fuhjedtion  to  the  Poi-liiatifh;  ami 
went  to  le-ttle  at  little  P^/'o,  ner/U/. 

The  Sijordfijl.i,  whole  figure  I  have  ['i  iaw, , 
veil  before,  and  the  Bonito,  are  the  two  lijrtb"'"'  ;•■' 
cf  filh  they  generally  woriliij)  among  their"''' '■'■■ 
greater  deities;  and  fo  great  is  their  veneration 
for  them, that  they  never  take  any  of  them  i!c- 
fignedly  -,  and  if  any  happen  to  be  taken  by 
chance,  they  preferve  the  Sword  as  a  reliek. 

Among  biids,  the  bittern  is  alio  a  deity  •,^., ,;. 
and  they  reckon  it  a  good  prefagc  to  IwMimm. 
it  cry,  when  they  fet  out  upon  a  journev, 
believing,  it  tells  them,  they  fliall  return 
home  fafe  ;  and  therefore,  they  take  care 
to  lay  corn  and  water  in  inch  parts  of  thi- 
woods  as  thofe  creatures  refort  moft  to,  and 
and  on  the  ro.ids,  for  tlicni  to  feed  on. 

Idolatry  o/o/i&fr Nations. 

'TP  H  E  common  fort  of  the  Chim-fe  arc  Chintl' 
*■    very   fuperfUtious   and  vain  obiervers/''f"."'- 
ofthe  heaven, the  earth, the  notes  of  birds,  he"'"' 
barking  of  dogs,  of  dreams,  and  n^inyur  er 
particulars  ;  as  days  lucky  and  u,,l...ky,  ..nd 


Book  llll  Chap.25;.        Coafts  of  South-Guinea. 


311 


e,  took  oc- 
titude  tlure 
>n  of  watiT, 
in  tiic,  as  the 

lly  JbaUftoiu 
ing  the  irifts 
Kin  protlucc 

ir/ft.t,  fpcik- 
tlie  BLicki  of 
o>t:r:jiffe  l)c- 
,    tlicy  m;ikc 
;:w  to  them, 
irge  tall  trtr, 
)cks,  isc.    I'o 
iieirgods  arc 
ind  no  nation 
iiteil    10  rlic 
ing  lots  thans;.>> 
ng  lots  is  as/'t^'i"^ 
'  expcft  from""' 
y  the  mannei 
m  their  own 
vith  tliJ  devil, 
oicercrs,  who 
ignorant  cri'- 
which  alibrils 
tiiem  an  ab- 
le fuggeiUons 

faying  of  the 

(■,  when  they 
//.I  fort  then', 

30ol,  in  order 

ccr  their  man- 
neighbouring 

account,   and 

tionscommit- 
a    very  great 

10k  the  place, 

ortimufic-,  ami 

ler  b'ldd. 

MX*  I    have  gi  SmrJ 

thetwofortb"'';"' 

among  their"  '■"' 
[K'irventration 
Iny  ofthenii'.e- 
:o  be  taken  by 
■d  as  a  reliek. 
kalfo  adeity  ■.^..> 
Ircfagc  to  hearni:.'. 
m  a  journey, 
ly  (liall  return 

ley  take  care 

parts  ot  tlu" 

moft  to,  and 

feed  on. 

.TIONS. 

le  Chm-f';  areChintl- 
Tain  ohi"ervers/'"f"-'''-- 
lesofbirds.'hc'""' 
l\d  P'lnyui  IT 


Vdu. 


-Ky, 


•nd 


whether  they  fliall  fuccecd  to-day,  and  mif- 
carry  to-morrow,  which  they  decide  by  lots, 
and  proceed  fo  far  in  it,  as  10  feck  after 
fortunate  hours. 
Jmricans  The  favagesof  A'o;7y-y-/w;mi((,  about  the 
tirHf*  fall  of  a  river,  call'd  A7.  y:////n«)'s  fall,  have 
iriKf/i"  a  very  great  veneration  for  that  cafcaile 
of  water  1  which  is  in  itfelf  very  ftrange 
and  dreadful,  believing  it  to  be  a  fpirit,  or 
deity,  as  they  do  all  other  things  which  are 
fi)mewhat  extraordinary  in  nature,  worfhip- 
r-ing  and  ofTeringfacriliccs  to  it  with  grear 
devotion  -,  praying  to  it,  with  tears  in  their 
eyes,  in  thcfc  or  the  like  words :  Tnu,  Kbo 
are  a  fpirit,  he  pleafed  to  grant  that  tkoeofour 
HUtioii  iiiity  pafs  by  ivilhout  any  tniforiune  ; 
that  'cCi'  may  kill  many  I'ullocks,  overthrow  our 
enemii'S,  and  bring  borne  fiave!,  fame  of  whom 
vc  Kill  kil:  brfore  \ou. 

The  people  o^ Peru,    before  they  were 
jiathercd  into  comniunities,  and  civilized  un- 
der the  government  of  their  kings  the  Inca!, 
as  we  are  informed  by  G.irdljj/o  de  ia  Vega, 
already  (juoted,  in  the  ninth  chapter  of  his 
firll:  book  of  the  hiftory  of  the  bicn  of  Peru, 
gives  a  long  account  fi  the  idols  worfliip- 
ped  by  thofe  Indians.    L'.very  province,  eve- 
ry nation,  every  town,  every  ttreet,  or  lane, 
and  every  honfe,  or  family,    had   its  gods 
dillinttfrom  all  others  •,  fondly  conceiting, 
that  only  that]X'culiar  idol,  by  them  ador'd, 
was  able  to  alFill  them  in   time  of  need  ; 
without   confidcring   the  nature   of  thofe 
things,  or  whether  they  were  worthy  of  ho- 
nour ;  their  notions  therein  being  lefs  lofty 
than  thofe  ot  the  Romans,    who  framed  to 
ihemfelves  deities  of  peace,  hope,  viftory, 
and  the  like.     The  Peruvians  adored  only 
Kk  h  tilings  as  iliey  coukl  fee,  as  herbs,  plants, 
llowers,  trees  of  all  forts,  mountains,  caves, 
].;eii[.ia"!,    great  Hones,    liiiall  pebbles  of 
f'veral    lolours,     like    iafpcr,    which  they 
tounii  on  the  banks  of  rivers  1    and   in  the 
provinceol  Puerto  Vteto,  they  adored  an  enie- 
raud  :    they  alfo  worfliippeil  many  Ibrts  of 
animals ;    fome  for  ilnir  fiercenefs,    as  the 
lyger,  the  lion,   and  the  boar  ;  and  if  they 
hapj'cned  to  meetany  of  them,  would  fall 
i.mllrate  on  the  ground,  and  fuflered  them- 
1  b'es  to  be  devoured  or  torn    in    i)ieccs, 
uiihout  otlering  to  make  the  leaft  defence, 
or  Ww'i:  rhemlelves  by  flight.     They  adored 
luxes  and  monkeys  tor  their  fubtiiiy  •,  tlojjs 
lor  their  fidelity,  and  others  for  their  I'wifc- 
nel's:   as  alio    birds  of   levcral  forts,   and 
particularly   that    they    call    the    Condor, 
fome    nations    boalling    that    they    were 
defcended    tiom    it.      Some  facrificed    to 
lagles,  others  to  falcons  tor  their  fwift  fly- 
ing ;  others  to  the  owl  for  the  fake  of  its 
eyes  and  head,  and  for  its  feeing  in  the  dark, 
wliich  they  accounted  wonderful.     Snakes, 
icriH  iits  above  thirty  foot  long,  lizards  and 
toads,  had  alfo  their  religious  honour,  efpe- 


ivh'' 


cialiy  among  the  inhabitants  of  the  moun-  Barbot. 
tains  yindes.  In  a  word,  there  was  no^^^J 
animal,  or  infeft,  for  fome  made  a  god  of 
a  beetle,  or  any  other,  tho*  ever  fo  filthy 
vermin,  but  what  they  looked  upon  as  a 
deity.  Yet  is  there  not  fo  much  reafon  for 
us  to  wonder  at  thofe  barbarous  ftupid  na- 
tions, on  this  account,  as  at  the  ancient 
Greeks  and  Romans,  who  tho'  they  boafted 
'omuch  of  their  knowledge  and  politenefs, 
:  s  to  look  upon  all  others  as  Barbarians, 
yet  were  fo  void  of  reafon,  as  to  worfhip 
above  thirty  thoufand  gods,in  the  moft  flou- 
rifliing  times  of  their  empire. 

The  Egyptians  adored  llieep,  cats,  dogs,  Egyotian 
the  Hi;,  which  is  a  fort  of  flork,  apes,  </"■""• 
birds  of  prey,  wolves,  kine,  tfi-.  Tnetown 
of  Mira  adored  the  crocodile  j  that  of  Le- 
ontofoli.',  the  lion;  thaiof  A/c/^.'/ci,  the  male- 
goat,  under  the  name  of  yljis,  tho*  that 
name  was  commonly  given  to  an  ox  or  calf, 
the  principal  objedV  of  the  Egyptian  idolatry, 
being  the  emblem  of  the  father  of  the  fa- 
iliersof  the  world  ;  the  word  y/y/Vfignilying 
wy  Father. 

All  thofe  animals  were  kept  and  m'.in- 
tained  in  particular  temples ;  about  which. 
Wire  their  bcils  and  tables  covered  with 
dainties.  When  any  of  the  laid  bealts  dieil, 
tlieio  was  great  mourning  and  lamenta- 
tion ;  and  they  made  coftly  funerals  for, 
and  laid  them  in  magnificent  monuments, 
as  Herodotus  and  Diodorus  Sicidtis  relate. 
Each  city,  town,  or  precinft  in  Egypt  had 
its  particular  devotion  for  one  fort  of  ani- 
mal or  other  ;  and  that  fuperrtition  was 
pradiled  by  the  Egsplians  in  the  days  of 
Mojes,  and  of  the  patriarchs :  as  may  be 
gathered  from  the  anfvver  Mofes  made  to 
Pharaoh's  propolal,  that  he  would  permit 
the  Ifraelites  tolacrifice  to  God  in  the  land 
about  them.  Exod.  viii.  26.  to  which  Afo- 
/1m  replied,  //  i.>  net  meet  fo  to  do  ;  for  we 
Jhall  ficrifice  the  abominntioh  of  the  Egyp- 
tians to  the  Lord  our  Gcd.  Lo,  fljali  we 
facrifce  the  abomination  of  the  Elgyptians 
before  their  eyes,  and  will  they  not  fione  us  ? 

The  Egyptians,  accounted  the  ."lolt  ratio- ^.^m^ 
nal  and  wifefl  of  pagan  nations,  fe-  med  to  Egyptian? 
have  forfeited  all  common  tenfe,  in  \'oi flip- 
ping lb  many  brutes  as  they  did  •,  -vherein 
they  proceeded  fo  far,  that  when  Cambyfa, 
king  of  Per/}a,  made  war  ui)onthem,  and  laid 
fiege  to  the  city  of  Pe/ujium,  the  befieged 
tloing  much  harm  in  his  army  with  their 
arrows,  that  king  vas  advifed  to  bring  to- 
gether great  numbers  of  dogs,  Iheep,  of 
the  fbrt  of  bird  call'd  Ibis,  Sec.  which  he 
placed  before  his  troops,  and  proved  to  fuc- 
cefsfiil,  that  the  Egyptians  after  that  durft 
not  ihoot  any  more  arrows,  for  fear  of  hurt- 
ing their  deities. 

If  fuperftition  fo  far  prevailed  on  fo  wife 
and  civilized  a  nation  as  the  E^yptiam,  it  is 

not 


r':i 


'Mm 


311 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  III.  IChap. 


BAitBoT.DOt  to  be  admired,  that  tliofe  ignorant  flu- 
^^V^^'pid  Guinea  Gentiles  I  treat  of,  (liouki  be 
guilty  of  fuch  extr.ivag.int  and  I'.ctcllabic 
Ibliics  in  point  of  religious  worlbip.  It  is 
true,  tlu;  E^sptidiis  prettnilcd  to  louc  h  the 
niyderies  ol  tiuir  divinity  and  morality  under 
the  worlhip  of  tliofc  brutes  \vc  have  men- 
tiontd  i  but  even  tiie  priells  of  the  poor 
iynorant  B.\.iks  i.m  pretend  no  reafon  for 
their  abfurd  fu]ierftitions,  aiul  monlirmis 
worlhip  ;  rather  bclievinjj;  tliat  thofc  erea- 
tiires,  whetiicr  liv'iig  or  inanimate,  have  a 
hidden  power  aiid  virtue  to  f^rani  tiu'irre- 
,  quclh.  'liieie  is  no  quellion  to  be  made 
but  that  the  generality  ol  the  K^y/iidm 
believed  the  lame,  and  that  the  crafty 
priv.lh  only  prct'.nded  to  tlioi'e  iiivilcriis, 
to  ixcule  tluar  impofing  on  the  brui.d 
nuilritutie. 

I  eannot  forbear  abiding  an  txn-aorlinary 
inllanie  of  the  llupidity  ot  theCi  ntiks,  in 
aiioihir   remote  ixirt  of   the   univerle,  tlil! 
relating  to  religious  obfcrvacions,  as  relatcil 
in  A'rt:v;nv.7f's  travels.     In  the  kingdom  ot 
ALt'ai'jr,     in    tlie    i.afi-huUL',   l!ie  natives 
noCwitlirtanding   the   law   of  Alibomcl  has 
got   fome  tooting  among  tlieni,  atlore    not 
only  ihc  lun,  moon  ami  liars,  but  allb('0W^  i 
and  the  grcatell  oath  tlie  king  Iwears,   is  by 
a  eow,  whieh  he  never  bre.ik'.     When  tliole 
people  are  near  their  end,  they  endeavour 
to  liave  acowastlofe  to  the  dying  perlon  .'-. 
may  be  ;    that  is,  the  cow's  fundament  at 
tile   mouth   of  the  faul   perlon    departing, 
that  the   foul   breath'd  out  may  enter  the 
buk   way   i;',to  die  cow.     What  can  there 
be  in  nature  more  ritlieulous?  [  have  before 
mentioned   the   Malabar  people's  wnrlhi;)- 
ping  tlie  devil ;   which  the  yir^tiiiim  alio  do, 
for    fear,    having  him  repr.lented    in   hi- 
deous  figures  in  their  temples,    and  their 
1  riells  are  habited  in  the  fame  manner  as 
tluy  reprefent  him. 
.'.i;:.,'  eirJ     Jl  is  time  we  Ilioukl  return  to  the  follies 
■i.Ual.      of  the  la.icb,  in   this  particular,  who  alio 
make  a  deity  of  a  fmall   bird,  as  big  as  a 
robin-retl-bieall,    ha\ing  black,  grey,  and 
white  feathers,     whereof   there  are   great 
numbers  at /•/(/(/.     They  are  as  much  pleas'd 
when  .my  of  them  happen  to  come  into  their 
little  orchartis,  as  con(  erned,   if  any  perlon 
olTers  to  kill  them,  ,uid  a  heavy  fine  is  laid 
on  him  that  olYers  at  it. 

Idols  >/:ailf  by  the  1'riests. 
ID  tTides  thefc  'do!  gods,  and  thofe  men- 
^  lioned  to  be  calitd  upon  at  the  fowing 
time,  they  have  multitudes c'"  other  inferior 
tleities,  made  by  the  pricfts,  a  1I.W  whereof 
I  fliall  mention,  and  the  purpofes  i.hey  are 
defigned  for,  with  tlie  power  and  virtues 
afTigned  to  them.  Nothing  can  equal  ti.eir 
altonifhment,  when  they  fee  Europeans 
trample  and   crufli  chem  in  pieces  under 


their  feet,  without  receiving  the  lead  harm, 
or  punilliment  from  thole  their  deivics.     If 
it    is  in  their  power,  they   will  never  iici'- 
mit  i:s  to  offer  the  le.iil    inilignity  to  tliat 
(onfecrated  tralh  ;  or  be  perfuailed  to  let  us 
handle  or  touch  them,  unlefs  com[)elled  bv 
force.     I  remembir  I  once  got  the  idol    of 
a  BLtch,  who  belonged  to  the  Dain-i,  At  Ja-.i , 
at  which   tli.u    fellow    w.is   fo  highly  con- 
cerned, that  the  next  day   he  complained 
grievoufly  to  the  D.ini//.'  gener.il  on  his  knees, 
.iiid    with   tears  in  his   ey  s,    crying  aloud 
wli.it  great  danger  I  had  brought  him  into, 
his  B'J/i<m,  or  god,  lieing  highly  incenled 
ag.iinll  him,     for  having  fullered   his  idol 
to  be  inUiltctI  by   a  ll'bili.'  man,  infomuch, 
that  he  had  beaten  him  cruelly  for  it  in  the 
night ;  anil  that  having  that  morning  olVered 
tacriliceto  B/fiim,  together  with  l\\-  prayers 
ot'  the  priell,    that  god    li.id    commanded 
him  to  require,   in  fatisladion  for  his    idol, 
a  bottle  of  braady,  and  two  /Lkicrs  of  gold, 
to  .ippeafe  his  wrath  ;  ami  therefore  he  hoi-'cd 
I   would  not  be  fo  barbarous  as  to  deny  his 
n  (juell :     which  was  granteil  by  me,  to  he 
1  id  of  his  clamours,    and   rid   him   of  Id, 
le.irs  ;  uith  vhii  h  he  went  away  well  [.\- 
tislied,  and  in  .ippe.irance  full  ot  joy,  car- 
rying the  gold  .uid   bramly    to  his   priell, 
who 'tis  likely  reaped  the  benefit  ot  it. 

That  B'.aik\  idol  was  in  the  fliapc  of  \\OJ.ji. 
large  B;lom  t  fauf  igc,  made  of  a  comiiofitioii 
of  bugle',  glal^  be.iils,  herbs,  clay,  burnt 
feathers,  tallow,  ami  threads  of  the  conl'e- 
crated  tre-,  all  poundeii  and  moulded  logj- 
tiler,  liav  ng  at  one  end  an  antick,  roiU'li, 
and  milha[)en  h.iman  counten.mce,  and 
was  let  up  in  ,1  p.;inteil  deep  calabalh  or 
gourd,  among  abumiance  ol  fmall  lU,i-,es  and 
bits  of  wood,  with  kern.  Is  ot  fm.ill  nuts,  .ip.d 
bones  and  legs  ot  tliickeiii,  or  other  birds, 
a.  it  is  reiavleined  in  the  cut.  All  wiiicliP;'! 
tnidi,  I  w.is  told,  lei  veil  the  />.',,•■(■  to  know 
the  will  ot  the  idol,  when  lie  maih'  .uiy  re- 
(laefl:  to  ii,  or  alked  a  qu.  Ilion,  uy  ol)- 
lerving  the  dilpohtion  of  thole  leveral  1  hiiu's 
alter  overturning  the  gourd  or  calabalh.' 

This  inltance  of  the  abfurd  conceit  the 
BUck,  have  of  their  ido's,  leads  me,  in  the 
next  place,  to  Ipeak  ot  the  nature  and  ulc 
of  them. 

NAri:Ri:  and  Use  a/"  Idols. 
IIZ  H  EN  ihty  have  a  mind  to  make  any 
'  '  oHerings  to  their  idols,  or  defire  to 
know  any  thing  of  them,  ihey  cry.  Ictus 
make  Fcitijju  ;  that  is,  as  lias  been  before  ob- 
lerved,  according  to  the  Portna^urjc-,  whence 
they  have  the  w(jrd,  let  us  conjure,  orin.ike 
01  ,r  charms :  but  according  to  their  meaning 
IS  let  us  iiertorm  our  religious  worfliip,  and 
Ce  or  hear,  what  our  goil  will  fay  to  us. 

In  like  manner,  if  they  happen  to  be 
wronged  by  any  man,  they  perform  their 

witch- 


Book  III.  I  Chap-  2.'?-        ^^^P  <  South-Guinea. 


:;»(l  harm, 
Ichies.  It 
Kver  per- 
ty  to  that 

;d  to  kt  US 

iHkU'-'iI  by 
ic  iilol   of 

•■(,atvA-;-,! , 
lii^lily  con- 
onipl.imcd 
n  his  kncus, 
yini^  aldud 
it  him  iiv.i), 
ly  iiKcllIrd 
■d   liis  idol 

inlbmiicli, 
lor  it  Ml  thf 
iiingortcred 
ti'  •  [jfayi IS 
.omm.inilcd 
;)r  his  idol, 
;crs  ofgoiij, 
ji'C  lie  hoped 
,  to  deny  iiis 
r  nic,  to  Ix'. 
him  ot"  his 
My  well  i.i- 
ot  joy,  car- 
)  his  pricit, 
fit  otit. 

:  fliapc  of  aOJj'i 
I  coinpolnion 

(lay,  burnt 
»f  the  conle- 
loiddcd  toj^e- 
lak,  roiigli, 
L-naiicc,    aiul 

cabbalh  or 
ill  tluiusand 
11. d I  miis,ar.;l 

other  birds, 
All    which  ri'. 

;'•(■  to  know 
in.ii'c  any  re- 
|i(iii,   iiy    oh- 

vcral  iliings, 

r.dabalh. 
.  onicit  the 
|s  me,   in  thi- 

iiure  and  ul'c 


Idols. 
,  to  make  any 
or  dcfire  to 
i:ry,  let  us 
leii  before  ob- 
\ufjf-,  whence 
|iire,  or  make 
heir  meaning 
vorlhip,  and 
Ifay  to  us. 
lappen  to  be 
V'l'torm  their 
witch- 


I  Oil'-.' 


[  li-l  I) 


witchcraft,   or  devotion,    to  dcftroy  him, 
whicli  ii.  .ittcr  this  manner. 

Firft,  they  intreat  the  pricft  to  charm  fome 
nvat  or  drink,  which  tliey  fcatter  about 
fjcli  places  as  they  know  their  enemy  mod 
frununis,  orpafTesbyi  having  this co  ctit, 
ilui!  if  he  happens  to  touch  ic,  he  win  cer- 
tainly die  foon  after.  Hence  it  is,  that  the 
fi.':/(«  dread  parting  by  fucii  places,  or  if 
they  cannot  .ivoid  it,  they  caule  themfelves 
(o  be  carried  over  ;  becaufe  then  the  charm 
h.is  no  virtue,  as  it  does  not  touch  them, 
;iiid  alFcc^s  not  the  pcrfon  it  is  notdefigned 
atrainll.  They  are  lb  I'ully  polTelTed  of  this 
opinion,  that  tho'  they  lee  frequent  inftances 
of  the  infufficiency  of  tliole  inchantments, 
tlity  are  never  diffuaded  froiii  them. 

Thole  who  have  been  rolibed,  make  ufc 
of  the  fame  fort  of  conjuration  to  liifcover  the 
thief,  and  bring  him  to  punilliment. 

If  any  p.rfoii  is  t.ikeii  (Irewing  tli.ii  fort 
offuppofed  poilon,  he  is  leverely  punilhed, 
,iiid  even  vvuli  death  ;  tliu'  it  be  done  on  ac- 
count of  a  robbery  :  tliett  being  look'il  up- 
on as  a  cunning  way  ot  accjuiring  wealth, 
and  not  ;'s  vile  or  intamous  •,  yet  puniHia- 
ble,  as  has  been  oblerved  before. 

Making  and  confirming  of  obligatory 
ciths,  is  alio  call'd,  charming,  or  making 
their  devotions.  When  they  drink  the  oath- 
(lraii"ht,  they  commonly  add  this  impreca- 
tion, Let  the  FeitilVo,  that  is,  the  tdoi  kill 
me,  if  !  tlo  W'^'  foform  the  contents  of  the 
(hli^atioit,  P^very  nerfon  thus  entring  into  a 
Inlinin  obligation  to  another,  is  bound  to 
;lrink  the  oath-draught. 

The  common  pradice  betwixt  man  and 
m.m,  when  reijuirtd  to  make  fome  aileve-. 
r.iiion,  to  corroborate  what  they  are  upon, 
b  to  fwear  by  their  parents  head  or  beard  ; 
.lithe  / '7j(/i7fj  fworc,  by  the  heaven,  or  the 
cirth,  or  by  the  temple  o'i  "Jcrufalem^  as  in 
Mutt.  v.  25,  26.  as  alio  by  their  head. 

A  king,    or  the  governors  of  common- 
wea  dis,   liirii.gthemlelves  and  their  people 
toalHlt  another  n.uion,  are  ob'igcd  to  drink 
tlic  oath  draught,    with  the  prime  men  ot 
ihtircountryi  making  this  afleveration,  '■Ihat 
their  deities  may  fitnijh  them  -Jjtth  death,  if 
ihcy  da  not  fffift  that  nation,  with  the  utmoji 
Vhonind  rejulidiin  agatnjt  their  enemies.    And 
yet  nothing  is  more  frequent,    than    to  (ee 
thole  lolcmn  oaths  broken,  w'nich  makes  e- 
vin  the  Bliuh  themlelves  rcpofe  but  little 
Lonfuience  on  iuch  form...ities :  befides  that, 
(hey  have  found  cutaway  to  be  abfolved  from 
them,  taking  the  money  of  thofc  who  hired 
them  for  auxiliaries,  and  ading  directly  con- 
tr.iry  tothofefolemnengagements,  madeinthe 
(irelence  of  their  prieds ;    not  queUioning, 
hut  that  they  have  good  authority  to  dilen- 
jT.iiic  themfelve3  from  the  ('..trie.     I-or  this 
rcalon,  fome  ol  ih^m,  bdorc  they  contrad, 
Vol.  V. 


31? 

oblige  the  nrieft  to  drink  the  oath-draught.  Bah  hot. 
with  this  imprecation,  That  their  deity  may  V^V^' 
punijh  him  luith  death,  if  he  ever  abfolvcs 
ti-y  perfon  from  their  oath,  without  the  coH' 
feiit  and  concurrence  of  the  other  party 
concerned  in  this  contrail.  And  it  is  obfer- 
ved,  that  fuch  cautionary  oaths,  render  thofe 
which  are  reciprocally  obligatory,  binding, 
durable  and  puntflually  oblerved.  Thus  it 
appears,  that  they  make  a  confcience  of  their 
oaths  i  and  that,  even  their  priells  are  lb 
tar  from  impofing  on  the  people,  that  they 
really  think  themfelves  obliged. 

They  are  generally  jierfuaded,    that  ihcp«^^4(,v-) 
pcriur'd  perlbn,  on  fuch  occafions,  will  be  »/""■'""'• 
fwolnup  by  the  oath-draught,  till  he  burfts,  7  ■*  , 
Or  willloondie  a languiMiingdeaih.    I  hey  do 
not  in  the  lealV  quelfion,  but  that  the  firll  of 
thofe  effeds  will  infallibly  take  place  on  wo- 
men who   are  perjinM,     if   they   take   the 
laid  draught  to  clear  themfelves  from  the 
imputation  of  having  committed  ailultery  ; 
as  has  licen  mentioned  heretofore. 

The  lame  dr.iught  is  adminilVred  to  per- 
fons  fufpedcd  of  thefts  and  robberies,  with 
the  imprecation,  Afay  the  deity  kill  me.  if 
1  am  guilty  of  the  fart  I  am  acrufd  of. 

The  draught  is  given  upon  many  other 
occafions;  but  this  may  fuffice,  and  I  will 
conclude  this  inattei  with  fome  acxount  of 
the  molt  folemn  and  obligatory  way  of 
binding,  which  is  only  ulcd  upon  affairs  of 
the  liigheft  nature. 

M"fl  folemn  obligatory  Oath. 
•Tr  H  E  Black  who  is  to  take  fuch  an  oath, 
'■     niuft  do  It  in  the  prefence  of  the  priell's 
idol,  being  a  large  wooden  pipe,  or  a  horn, 
or  any  other }  every  one,  as  has  been  laid, 
having  the  liberty  to  form  his  own  peculiar 
god,  as  he  pleafes.     He  Hands  diredtly  bc- 
lore  the  faid  idol,    and  aiks  the  piiert    its 
name;  by  which  he  calls  upon  it,  and  then 
particularly  recites  the  condition"?  he   is  to 
perform,  upon  oath,  and  after  them  the  u- 
lual  imprecation,  fh.it  the  idol  may  kill  him, 
if  he  proves  perjured.     This  done,  he  walks 
round  the  pipe  or  horn,  repref'enting  the  dei- 
ty, and  then  Hands  ftill  before  it,  and  fwears 
a  lecond  time,  in  the  liime  manner  he  did 
before,    and  fo  with  the  fame  ceremony  a 
third  time.     Then  the  priifl  takes  fome  of 
the  ingredients, which  are  in  the  jjipe  or  horn, 
and  with  them  toucl»es  the  fwearer's  head, 
arms,    belly  and  legs,    and   turns  it  three 
times  round  over  his  head.     Next  he  cuts 
ofi"  a  bit  of  the  nail  of  one  finger,    of  each 
hand,  and  of  one  toeot  each  toot,  and  fome 
of  the  hair  of  his  head,  which  he  puts  into 
the  pipe  or  horn,  that  is  the  idol ;    and  lb 
ends  the  ceremony  of  that  religious  and  lii- 
cred  oath. 


•  l*-;-i 


5-1!) 


'.'M 


I!-  '   ''lH  , 


'  1v.> 


LIU 


Con- 


mW 


m' 


viimhM'    '■ 


'  '!! 


i  -Jlr' 


:"   !;       I 


I! 


Sn;  . 


m 


514 


y^  Dcfvription  of    the 


Book  In 


viih  lit 
iM. 


Darhoiv  CoNSt't.TlNf,   of  loor.s. 

t^V^  'T"  1 1  F.  Y  never  f ngigo  in  war,  umlertaki- 
ojfiringi.  1  ;,  ioiiriicy,  ilrivi' ;i  li,\r[;;iin,  oriloany 
other  tiling  ot  nioment,  without  (irib  conlul- 
tinu^  tluir  idols,  liy  incmsot  the  juicll,  who 
fekioni  jiMplR-lics  ill;  but  gcncrilly  cnLOu- 
r.iu,cs  thcni  to  exjitft  lut  eel's,  an<i  they  in- 
tiifly  rtly  on  hisworti,  ex:i(.1ly  |)crtoiiTiinj^ 
hisilirt^bi)Ms:  aiui  he  iifvir  tails  to  oh!ip;c 
tin  m  to  otter  up  Pv-'cp,  ilo[;"i,  cits.  Twine 
or  towl  to  liis  iilol.  and  ronHtiiues  ilothes, 
wine  anri  (y)KI,  aaoniin;!;  as  the  perfnn  is 
in  wealth  •,  (o  that  all  turns  to  liis  advan- 
tagi',  the  whole  lalliiiy;  to  him,  exapt  the 
<.';arl)ag<',  or  lead  valuable  part  ol  the  ot- 
tering, Ixfide',  the  money  givrn  tor  his  mi- 
niftry. 

ITthe  pricll  is  wilhnp;  more  fully  to  la- 
tist'y  the  olVerer,  he  puts  the  (]UelUons  to 
the  idol  in  his  prelenee,  one  ol  thcle  two 
ways  :  the  firll  is,  by  a  handle  ot  about 
twenty  (mall  pieresot  leaiher,  among  whit  h 
lie  binds  l()nie  o'dier  Inch  like  trafli,  where- 
with he  tilb  the  abov-iiicntioiiai  wocden 
pipe  or  horn  ;  foine  ot  thole  i'.cnoti:i('  good 
lueeels,  ,;nd  others  bath  'J'hofe  the  pridl 
niiiflles  together  leveral  lini.s,  and  it  the 
firll  of  them  appear  often  together,  he  af- 
fuies  the  fuppliant  of  a  goiHl  event.  The 
fly  prielh  being  well  acquainted  with  the 
ignuranee  olthiir  countrymen,  never  tail, 
bv  tlu-ir  (light  ot  hand,  iu  make  whichthey 
pleafeor  t'le  leathers  to  come  tOL'fther  :  or, 
if  they  think  tit  to  order  to  the  contrary, 
that  theprefago  may  be  unlucky,  it  is  only 
to  extort  gn-atcr  ()(f<  rings  and  rewards,  on 
pretence  ot  appafing  the  angry  idol;  but 
all  lends  only  to  double  their  own  pn  lit. 

Thetlvond  way  is,  by  a  fort  ot  wiKi-nuts, 
..hich  the  priett  pntend-  to  take  up  at  ran- 
dom, and  let  tall  again  ;  which  he  counts, 
and  makes  his  prediction  trom  the  numbers, 
cither  even  or  odci ;  and  thus  he  impofes  the 
gieatetl  abfurilities  on  them,  to  pit  k  their 
pockets  :  and  tho'  the  event  fliows  the  talf- 
hood  of  his  prediction,  he  is  never  without 
an  excul'e  to  bring  him  olV.  He  alleiifi  s  ci- 
ther t!ie  ceremony  was  not  rightly  jierfor- 
med  ;  (bmething  wasomitted,  or  negligent- 
ly done  i  tor  which  realbn  the  idol  is  in- 
cenfed,  and  theretore  the  undertaking  has 
been  thwarted  or  liilappointeil  :  and  any 
fuch  cxcufe  goes  down  glibly  with  the  filly 
ju'ople,  who  are  (<>  far  blinded  with  the  opini- 
on of  thelincerity  and  fanttity  of  tholecrafcy 
priefts,  that  they  never  fuipeft  the  frauti; 
and  this  even  in  matters  which  concern  the 
whole  nation  :  tor  tho*  the  whole  country  be 
ruined  by  the  falfhood  of  the  prietl's  predic- 
tions, (fill  his  credit  and  reputation  is  (afc  ; 
anil  if  their  prophecies  hapjK'n  to  hit  right, 
then  they  are  (ure  to  be  well  rewarded,  and 
their  perfons  refpcfted  as  the  wilert  and 
rnotf  holy  men  in  tin,-  univcrlc. 


^nether. 


BtfXiiNO  St/ccEss  of  Idols. 

IF  a  liflier-man  has  met  with  ill  fuccefs  \ni,ih,. 
his  bufuiel's,  he  cont  hides  his  iiloi  is  dif- 
piealeil,  tor  having  boen  denied  fomctliing  ; 
and  prefently  repairs  to  the  pri(  (I  to  make 
his  peace,  and  beg  the  idol  will  give  a  blef- 
ling  to  his  l.ibours,  during  the  relt  of  ilio 
fe.i(bti,  giving  him  (i)me  gold  in  hand  fur 
that  lerviee.  Tii.-n  ihc  priell  order',  his 
wives  to  drels  themfelves  very  tine,  ar.d  to 
walk  rotintl  tht  tosvn,  clapping  their  h.u;t!.i 
and  howling,  in  a  hideous  manner  ;  altci- 
which,  they  proceed  to  the  (ea-ddc,  wlicrc 
they  take  boughs  from  the  lonlecratcd  iru', 
call'd  /Ij/'iiiH.iw,  whiili  is  ix'culiaily  cletlie.i- 
ted  to  the  nniery,  e.ich  of  them  (lamlip:; 
iliere  vith  a  Iniugh  iwilteii  about  her  net  k 
till  the  pried  comes  to  them,  beating  1 
(in. ill  drum  ;  which  he  continues  10  doto- 
a  lonfiderable  lime,  to  incline  the  (ea-dei.y 
to  commilerate  his  fu[ipliant's  conditidii. 
I.artly,  he  turns  his  wives  about,  mutterinr^ 
(bme  words  by  fits,  .uul  then  llrews  fom,; 
niilitt  in  the  fea,  for  the  ufe  of  the  I'.eitv. 
who  thy  believe,  alter  the  performin!.'  df 
this  ceremony,  and  receiving  the  ot^'eriiv  , 
will  bear  the  oft'erer  comjMny  tor  the  Ij 
ture,  and  procure  him  good  (i  flung.  It  is 
remarkable,  that  this  commonly  h.ippens  in 
Ati^ini  and  Sejtcmh).,  when  the  pried  well 
knows,  that  there  is  ;',reat  plenty  of  iilh,  ar.d 
vad  quanti:ie^ared'.ilyi.iught  ;  and  yet  tlioO 
fuperlti'io'is  p;'opl,-  attribute  their  luli;rr 
(liceets  to  their  oherings,  1.  -ing  worlliipi  '■' 
the  fea-deity. 

Liiuhiiul  ,!c  i'iiyi  I  e  Sotifri  author  of  thccijN/,,] 
Life  of  l),n  'John  II.  giving  a  fhort  account ''"'■■ 
of  the  P'jrti/i^i'rff  fcttlcinent  at  Al'ma,  fpcaks^  """■ 
thus  of  tile  BLh  ks  on  that  eoail.  Thjiv  gods 
are  whatl'oever  is  prothgious,  or  tlr-v  iirvit 
\'.v:.  belore.  No  nation  m  th-.-  univvrU'  i,; 
more  adJiited  to  the  vanity  of  ("ootlil'.iyin;; 
and  lots ;  tlie  w,iy  they  u!t;  to  know  any 
thing  thereby,  is  as  ridiculous  as  tl:ee\vnt 
i.  talle.  They  judge  ot  it  by  the  inaiiner 
of  (bme  draws  fdling  from  th.eir  mmith 
They  all  converle  with  tin-  devil,  and  Ixir 
very  great  rel'prd  to  Ibrccrers,  who  imkir,^:; 
their  advantage  of  that  reputation,  j^iow 
haughty,  and  deceive  tin-  people  with  tliof;' 
follies,  in  which  they  are  cnrnarccl  hy 
the  devil.  Ii  is  neverthelefs  remarkabk- 
in  thofe  Pagans,  that  they  arc  extraordi 
nary  religious  in  keeping  their  o-aths,  ,ind 
maybe  an  example  to  Catholitks.  They 
believe,  rh.it  whoforver  bre.iks  his  o.irli, 
will  immeiliatejy  ilie  :  which  opinion  ]iro- 
ceriis  from  a  miracle  (rod  wrought  there  in 
fbrmer  ages,  by  one  of  his  tervants,  who, 
as  rhofe  people  have  received  by  tradition, 
preaching  the  golpel  of  Christ  anion:; 
the  SaitPuiS  '1  fuppni'e  the  author  niean^ 
ihe Atiai/et<)  the  mod  police  people  ot  tl.ii 
^Aitoi  /tjiua,  was  uniiai)pily  killed,    nui- 

wiihdamiing 


Book  III  I  Chap.  2?.  Coap  of  Sour  h-Gu  ike  a. 


Idols. 

:h  ill  liiccift  in ;«/.;, 
I)i!>  idol  is  ilii- 
I'll  loincthin!',  -, 
l>rii  \\  to  m.ikc 

/ill  [\\Vt-  A  biif- 

he  rtlt  ol  the 
il  ii)  h'.ind  l(ir 
ell  oriltrs  his 
y  tine,  unci  to 
11!^  their  h.imls 
n.mn.r  ;  filter 
liM-(iilc,  where 
»nl'(tr.irci.l  irtc, 
uliarly  <iiiliu- 
ihfin  ll.imlin^ 
About  her  ncik 
■111,  l)e.uinj»  I 
iniies  to  c'o  to- 
K  the  le.i-ileity 
tit's  condition. 
'OUt,  mutttriniT 
i-n  llrtws  loiiiL- 
c  of  the  deity, 
jx-rrorniing  (jf 
5^  tiie  olVerin!;, 
iiy  lor  the  hi- 
I  liniin<.^.  li  is 
[jiily  h.i]>|)ens  in 
1  llic  jiricll  Will 
enty  of  li  Hi,  and 
t  i  ;'.ndycttli()!'j 
.itt  their  futlirp 
•ing  woifliipi  M 

,     ;;ntlior  of  il-cf.;.iM-.| 
a  fhort  nci-oimt''"  • 
■It  Miaa,  Ipciks''  ''"■ 
II.     Thw'ivgods 
or  they  iicvir 
th'-'  ur.iviTl'e  i.; 
of  Ibotliiiyin^ 
to    know  liny 
lU .  as  tl'.e  cwnt 
by  the  in.inner 
il'.eir  mwith 
devil,   anil  bcir 
rs,   who  m.iking 
put.uion,  i^row 

Oplc  with    tllofL' 

enlinrnl    hy 
efs    i'em.irk.\bk' 

arc  extraordi 
leir  O-.iths,   and 

lolieks.  1  hey 
leaks  his  0.11I1, 

\  o|iinion  pro- 
vroiight  tlitre  in 
s  I'ervants,  wlWi 

1  by  tr.idi'.ion, 
..MR  1ST  anion;; 
,e  .-uiihor  meaii^ 
f  people  of  thai 
ily  killak  1:0'.- 
wiihlkiuuing, 


31? 


:l 


withftanding  the  aflTurancc  they  had  given 
him,  upon  their  inoft  liilemn  and  execiable 
o.iths  i  and  it  pleafeil  (»od  that  all  who  had 
a  hand  in  th.U  inartyrdotn,  diil  fnrvivr  their 
ptriidiouliu'ls  but  a  few  hours.  From  that 
time  tlvy  liavc  had  extraordinary  regard  to 
,111  oath,  and  it  is  beeoine  hereditary,  .wid 
^ji nerally  obllrved  by  them  a!.. 

They  are  furthermore  true  and  well  in- 
clined, infomueh,  that  good  manners  are 
fu more  p^evailin^;  amoiii^them,  than  good 
wliolefome  laws  among  many  tivili/.cd  na- 
tions. Menee  it  is,  th.it  their  law  luits  .ire 
not  tetlious,  hut  geivrally  derided  by  the 
elders,  and  men  of  note,  upon  the  .ifllve- 
ratioii  of  the  i>laintil,  or  the  contelllon  of 
the  d.efendant.  There  is  no  crime  or  oti'enee 
logr^.it,  but  wh;it  i , rei!eem.il)le  for  money  1 
and  none  is  ever  pwniflied  with  ikatli,  uii- 
Icls  he  have  often  rel.ipled  into  the  lame 
iiulr. 

Wii  It  has  hei'ii  fiid  aliove.ofa  holy  man^ha- 

vii!  f  pre.iched  the  gotpel  .imong  the/Acri'/tcj, 

ill  hirmer  ages,  ;iiid  his  being  tre.u  luroufly 

j'lil  toileath  by  fomeol  th.;t  nation,  is  not  at 

:i!l  improbable,  confidering  the  great  luim- 

Ivr  ol'  iliiilli.in  cluirches  there  was  in  the 

north  ol   .Jfri.fi,    and  in  //i,ij/i>iiii,  whence 

lb:i)e  /.ealous  millioncr:.  might  have  vciiniri'd 

into  f>/f//.'('./,  to  propagate  the  chrillian  faith  ; 

or  fome  ot  the  ininillers  of  tiie  goljx-l  lied 

liom  iliole  parts  fouilnvard  in'o  Jj)ii\i,  tlu- 

liiig  the    horrid  perfeciition  of  the  ylrian 

l.vJals. 

pv.;.:.,j      To  icturn   to  the  matter  in   hand  ;    the 

wJ      ferviee  to  the  iiol,  for  liiuling  of  gold,   is 

J''''        p;Tf()riiieil  every  mot;ii;ig,    when  they  go 

oiii    fi!r   it,    and  conlills  only  in  throwing 

handfuls  ol  water    over   their    heads,    and 

muttering  fomewortls;  and  lallly,  Ipitting 

i;U"  llie  water. 

;,,,;.;;      For  lioalliold  god:,  they  fet  up  at  their 

,,j        doors  liciie  ilave.s  liooked  atoneeiid,  which 

tl  e  priell  fells,     when  he   h.is  eonfecr.ited 

them  on  a  Lrg^Tloiie,  tiiati ;  laiK^liHetl  and 

(lAJicaied  to  t;iat  ule  1  lirmly  belitA'ing  their 

li'Uifes  are  thereby   lecuretl  from  all  ill  ,ic- 

cid-nts. 

•>'••,■.■;  /(     Tiie    proper   olVering   to  their   country 

'  "•       lioulho'id    god-,    conlilts    in    h  ns,    which 

tir.y  lacrifice  on  the   leaves  of  the   coiilij- 

cr.ited  trc;;,  cut  in  fcveral  figures,  and  then 

tar  them  in  pieces,    turning  about  to  each 

o:lv  r,  loine  laying,  Maiij'n,  Afccu/.i,  figni- 

fying,  do  me  good  ;  .md  others  anfwering, 

./i;v,  .iu<.\  good  be  to  you. 

'^f'''''i".f    NVhcna  king,  or  chief  of  a  country,  or 

''"'"'     town,   perceives  his  revenue  to  fink,    and 

that  the  mer<  hanrs,  who  ufed  to   pay  toll 

a:idailioais,  have  taken  another  way,  thro' 

fo'iie  other  dominions,  he  piefently  caules 

the  conricrated  tree   to   be   well  furnilhed 

with  pruvilions  and  liquor,  and  fends  to  the 

p.ieJU   to  repair  to  the  place,  to  confulc 


the  idol,  whether  the  merchants  will  coinc  Baudot. 
again  thro'  their  lands  or  not.  The  priells  ^■^V^^ 
put  the  ouellioii  to  the  idol  alter  this  111.111- 
ner.  Firit,  they  m.ike  a  heii)  of  woud- 
aDies,  in  a  jiyramidal  lorm,  and  pluck  or 
cut  a  branch  ot  the  lacred  tree,  over  which 
ihey  mu'ter  I'oiiie  words,  and  then  fpii  oil 
the  barkofit  ;  .ind  taking  up  Ibme  of  the 
allies,  one  of  them  wets  and  befmears  the 
faces  of  the  rell  with  it,  making  many  odil 
gelluies  and  grimaces,  till  one  ol  them,  by 
ai'pointment,  altering  his  voice,  as  il  tiie 
klol  Ipoke,  delivers  tiie  orailc's  aiilwer. 

Men  and  women  ha\e  ca;h  of  them  ['""0  l^ 
their  peculiar  iilols,  one  lor  a  happy  de-'"""" 
livery  when  with  child  ;  another  lor  the 
h  ad-ach  j  another  for  the  fever  or  ague  -, 
otha-.i  l()r  venereal  dile.ifes  ■,  for  the  worms, 
to  prelirve  them  Irom  being  drowned,  and 
honi  robbers  abioatl  .iiid  .it  home  i  for 
preventing  llorms  in  their  voy.iges  at  lea, 
,iiid  fo  iiil  i'l/ii/im/'i,  lor  or  agaiill  all  the 
cafuakies  th.it  aiieiid  human  nature.  Thus 
they  afcribe  innumerable  virtues  to  their 
idols,  antl  confequently  jiay  them  fo  much 
honour  and  reverence,  as  to  make  vov/s  to 
them,  .uid  obferve  lalls ;  ih  th.U  one  yj.»ei 
will  vow  never  to  eat  any  beef,  another  no 
mutton,  another  no  white  hens,  .111, 1  ano- 
ther no  fifh  liuring  Ills  whole  life.  .So  one 
will  abllain  for  ever  from  brandy,  another 
Irom  palm-wine,  antl  nothing  can  prevail 
with  thein  to  break  thole  vows,  any  more 
than  the  Rcu:hi!i'i  would  the  ordinance  of 
their  father  'JoiiaJd'  ;  ami  they  [lofitivcly 
believe  he  would  infillibly  die  thai  IhoulJ 
be  t^uilty  ol  Inch  an  otlence. 

Upon  any  unle.ilbnable  weather,  as  over  rrTycj /jr 
much  rain,  occalionmg  Hoods,  or  drought, a''"' *"'■ 
a  whole  town  or  country    will  commonly'"''^' 
join  in  religious  cxeinifes.     The  chief  men 
then   airenible,  .aid  advlfe  with  the  piiills 
what  is  to  be  done  to  remove  thai  publiek 
cal  unity  ;  and  wliat  they  direct,  is  immedi- 
ately put  in  exeeuiion,  through  the  whole 
country,  a  cryer  making  proclamatio.i  -,  and 
wholoever  prefumcs  to  traiifgrels  the  ordi- 
nance, is  Icverely  fined. 

WoKsiiii'  ,/;  tiRovES  '.villi  Drv.ms,  i^c. 

A  I. moll  every  town  or  village  has  near oovf. 

to  it  aliiiallconlecraiedgrose,  to  which  ""/'"■  ■i'"'' 
the  govetnors  and  people  frcquenily  refort, 
to  make  their  olVeriugs,  eii!ier  fur  the  pub- 
Ikk,  or  for  ihemlclvcs.  No  I'erloii  dares 
defile  them,  or  cut,  break  or  pull  any  of 
th..'  branches  off"  tholi  trees;  the  tianlgreiror, 
jelides  the  ufual  (xinilhinent,  dreading  to 
incur  the  curfe  of  the  whole  nation. 

(ieiierally  at  all  their  devotions  the  priell,  a^^,,,,  ,„^ 
or  fome  one  of  the  company,  beats  adruinm«//it. 
or  timbr«l,  and  fings  to  it ;  and  upon  more 
publick  Iblemnities,    they  add  other  inftrii- 
mtncs.    So  the  ancient  Ijraelita  ull'd  drums 

and 


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-^16 


A  Defcripthn  of  the 


Book  III. 


Pa  !  II  .t.  Slid  timbrels  in  their  fc.ilU  j'mi  folcmnities, 
'  .us  wt:  rf.id  in  Lxo.l.  xv.    io.    Ji<Jg.  xi.  ;H- 
Pjal.\xv'\u.  2(>.  anil  cl.  4.  wliirli  ilicy  accom- 
panieil  with  dancing.     And  tiicir  progeni- 
tors, in  the  lirll  agi's,  before  tiny  had  cither 
ark  or  temnlc,  tor  thtir  rch^ioua  .dleniblies, 
iifcd  to  retire,  at  certain  hours  ot  the  day, 
to  fomc    fields,    groves,    or  mountains  to 
p.iy  their  religious  duty    to  the   fupremc 
lieity  ;  judging  thofe  by-pl.ices  the  moll  con- 
venient,   as  hfing  Uditary,  and  out  of  the 
way  of  worldly  hiifinefs,  ami  ihpreforc  fitter 
for  raifing  up  tlu  ir  minds  ro  divine  contem- 
pl.ition.     Thus  .Y/v/  and  Ctiin  offered  their 
I'.icrificcs  in  the  fields,  (len.  iv.  s.      fiaai  uli'il 
to  repair  to  the  fields  in  the  evening  to  me- 
ditate, //'.  xxiv.  6:;.  E.'iiis  on  miwnlCirme/  ; 
'John  the  B.ii.'ijl  in  the  defart  ot  '/.v./f.; ;  anil 
even  Jesus  Christ  praycil   in  the  girden 
of  olives;  and  St.  /V/,ron  the  houli--!op. 

The  am  lent  [uginsallo  .itficted  to  retiieto 
mountains,taves,  grottos,  woods  am!  groves, 
to  worlhip  their  f.dle  gods  •,  and  to  this  day 
at  the  Go!:1Cq,ijI,  many  of  the  fl.',/i-(-.t  refort 
to  the  open  fields,  three  or  four  of  them 
together,  to  pray  to  their  idols,  commonly 
attinded  by  a  priell,  with  a  drum  hanging 
at  his  neck. 


chfirvn- 
tin. 


% 

M.  V 

!                    ftUfli  n 
'                    ctHjitreri 

!  t,i»  ;i  il  -A 

■ 

il 

III 

III 

Sabbath. 

VXT'M.itfoever   opinions  the  Rljcks   enter- 

t.iin  concerning   the  deity,    wc    find 

they  every  where  keep  one  day  in  the  week 

))0ly  ;  which  is  every  where  •/'i<fiil,i\;  except 

at  >■/;////,  where  they  oblerve  Fiuln}\  as  the 

Miljotiitinns  do.     This  feftival  or  labbath, 

tluy  call  Dn  Sauio,  that  is  holy-day  ;  but 

it  is  none  of  their  own  language,  and  they 

hive  borrowed  it  from  the    Poi/n^tir/e,  ,is 

tluy    have  many  other  words.     That  day 

the  fifhermen  never  go  out  a  fiOiing,  nor 

do  the  pealants  can  •/  any  provifions  to  the 

markets,  but  only  deliver  to  the   king,  cr 

the  C.;,%(';'i?,   or  magilVrate  of  a  town,  the 

palm-wine,    which   they  c.iule  to  be  didri- 

buted  among  the   inhibitants.     Merchants 

and  faftors  are  allowed  to  go  aboard  fiii|Ki 

in  the  road,  becaufe  of  the  Ihort  itay   they 

generally  m  ikcatone  place  •,  rile  they  would 

not  be  permitted  to  break  their  fabbath.    In 

fome  parts  they  are  not  fo  rigid,  but  allow 

all  forts  of  work  to  be  done  ,is  on   other 

days,  except  lilhinjz. 

I  have  I'poken  fufliciently  of  the  veneration 
the  niacki  pay  to  their  idols,  and  of  the  re- 
fpedt  they  generally  fhow  to  their  minifters 
or  priefts,  a.',  the  ir.rerpreters  of  their  oracles 
and  ordinances  -,  I  (Vi.ill  conclude  with  an  ob- 
fervation  concerning  thofe 

Ministers  or  Priests. 
COME  .iurhors  hive  endeavoured  topcr- 
fuade  the  world  that  the  Blacks  worfhip 
the  devil,which  I  have  Ihown  to  be  a  miftake } 


as  alio  that  iluir  priills  arc  force rers  or  ma- 
gicians, who  converle  with  evil  fpirits,  by 
whole-  means  they  pretend  to  foretel  future 
ev.Mis, and  perform  01  her  extraordinary  mat  ■ 
t(  rs,  whiih  is  as  falfe  as  the  other.  Thi,; 
notion  came  from  the  Porii'xKffi;  who  gave 
thofe  prieils  the  name  of  FciliJ/iros,  which 
they  Hill  retain,  and  fignifies  forcerers  ;  and 
this  they  did  becaule  thofe  people  being 
idolaters,  and  worOiipping  very  deformed 
figures,  tluy  concluded  them  to  be  devils  ; 
and  the  exii.ivagant  leremonies  [HTformed 
by  the  priefls,  they  looked  upon  as  witr|i 
cralt.  But  it  is  cert.dn  thofe  priefts  Imvc 
no  other  conjuration  than  to  delude  thr 
people,  .md  get  what  they  car.  by  them, 
thro'  a  perfuafion  that  what  they  do  proceeds 
from  Ciod  i  and  their  ignorance  makes  them 
Iw.dlow  .iny  fraud,  as  Ibmething  above  the 
common  caufe  of  nature. 

Thus  we  nad    ./,.'j  viii.  9,  tfr.  that  tlie^'"-' 
i<iimanl,i>h,  from  the  highell  to  the  lowcll, '^''■ 
wereponils'd  with  an  opinion  of  i';>//c/H  AAi- 
gtfs,    who  havl    fo  g.iined  them    by  his  en- 
ili.intments,    th.it   they  admired   him  as  a 
worker  ot  prodigies. 

F.ven  io  the   AjgN/'/Mw  magicians,  in  theF,j;v- 
days  of  Mojh,    h.ul    fully    pcrluaded    that'"',;' .  : 
nation,  f  hat  there  was  a  fupern.itural  virtue 
in  them  fo '  doing  wonders,  Exul.  vii.  &_/q. 

Piursrs  i:f  thr  P lacks. 

A  S  to  the  Ci('i:,\i  priefls  in  general,  fet-'''W?  W 

ting  afiiie  their  fiauds  and  impofturcs  in  ''" 
regard  of  religion,  and  lor  deluding  the 
people,  tlay  .lie  men  of  a  grave  and  fober 
behaviour,  ar.d  live  very  regularly  in  all 
refpeifts,  being  like  Rrcal'itci^  under  a  vow 
ne\'er  to  drink  palm-wine. 

The  function  is  In nditary  in  their  tamilies,  VrUfii'ni 
lome  of  them  boalling  of  very  grc.it  anti- ''"'■."<. 
quity  in  their  tribe,  which  contributes  very 
much  to  render  them  more  honourable 
among  tlw  peojile,  and  even  the  kings  and 
great  men  of  every  nation,  who  carry  ihem- 
klves  very  dll'creetly  towards  them,  to  gain 
their  favour,  that  ihey  may  bi-  always  ready 
to  gain  them  the  goixl-will  of  their  ido!.^, 
believing  that  the  laid  priefls  can  do  much 
with  them. 

They  arc  commonly  clothed  in  the coarllft '■'''"'"•, 
Leydeii  layes,  or  Q.i\i'e.il  linen,  which  is 
wrapped  about  their  waifls,  and  hangs  down 
to  tin  ir  legs,  with  a  lool'e  fcarf  over  it,  and 
the  reft  of  their  body  n.iked.  They  adorn 
their  necks  with  ftrings  of  the  bones  of 
broiled  fowl  ;  and  about  their  legs,  like 
garters,  h.ive  knotted  threads  of  the  confc- 
crated  tree,  intermixt  with  bugles. 

Banishing  of  the  Devil. 
T  Have  already  obferved,  that  the  Blatks^^^^^^,-^^ 

in  gem  ral  believe  there  is  a  devil,  and 
that  he  otltn  docs  them  much  mifchief  v  for 

which 


Chap.  !?•        Coaflt  0/ South-Guinea. 


317 


wliicli  rciifon  they  have  a  folemn  appointed 
time  yearly,  in  every  country,  to  banilh 
liini  all  their  towns  and  villages.  The 
ixopte  ol  /■/x/»*«  and  Ania  iile  tlic  nio(\i:crc- 
iiiony  .ibout  it,  which  i'*  as  loUows.  Firlt, 
ihcy  keep  publick  ♦calling  lor  ciglit  days 
luccelFively,  in  every  town,  all  which  time 
ii  ipcnt  in  ringing,  Ikippinj;,  d.inciiig,  and 
;ill  loris  ot  iiiirthand  Irolicks  i  ;ind  iluring 
the  I  lid  time,  every  p  rion  his  his  lull  li- 
l,cr[y  to  det-inu-  all  otiicis,  cither  by  fing- 
iiij;  or  telling;  tivii  (aultf.,  without  any  cx- 
cepiioii,  Ironi  t!ic  kinj^  10  the  llavc  :  and 
this  lliey  arc  lure  to  ilo  coiuiiuially,  with- 
out any  olVcnce  taken,  nor  is  there  my  other 
w.iy  to  llopilieir  mouths,  than  filling  them 
^^ith  plenty  ot  liquor  \  which  has  Id  good 
aiicil'ect,  that  they  will  tarn  their  railing 
into  commendations,  cxioiling  tiie  pcrlon 
wlio  has  been  lb  bountilul  to  tucm. 

I'hc  next  morning  after  the  Iblemnity 
expires,  they  hunt  out  the  devil,  with  lior- 
riJ  and  diliiul  cries  and  howling,  all  the 
ii,i,iltitu,lc  running,  and  iluowing  Uoncs, 
links,  or  any  thing  they  nn  et  svith,  even 
to  excrements,  as  thick  as  hail,  at  the  de- 
vil, as  they  tancy,  and  continue  lb  doing 
till  they  liiink  they  have  drove  him  quite 
out  ot  the  town,  and  lb  return  home  highly 
ulealed  with  their  expedition  i  and  lor  the 
more  lecurity,  that  the  evil  fpirit  (hall  not 
return  to  their  houi'es,  the  women  walh  and 
fLour  all  tueir  wooden  and  earthen  velVels 
very  clean,  that  they  may  be  I'rce  Irom  hkh 
and  that  fpirit. 

In  the  moll  foutiiern  cold  parts  of  A- 
merUii,  there  are  IiiJ:.tii.<,  wiio  worlhip  tiie 
devil,  whom  they  call  Eioiuinvjii,  lliat  is 
potent ;  but  the  heatlieiis  ot  Asim  ,':em 
only  to  fear  him.  Thole  ot  the  countries 
ot  -'/'yov  and  Cruj^o,  in  the  I/jU'cr  iuhio- 
jid,  call  upon  ihe  evil  fpirits,  making  great 
tires  before  their  figures.  The  people  of 
tlie  ifiand  of  Miuhi^^(U\ir  pay  tliem  ,ido- 
iMtion,  that  they  m.iy  do  them  no  harm, 
t.iking  little  notice  of  good  I'pirits.  I'he 
/',(;'.(,  or  piielleires  of  the  illand  Ivrmoj'.t, 
on  the  coail  of  C/j!(;.i,  in  twenty  t^vo  d.:grees 
ot  north  latitude,  preteml  to  drive  away 
the  devil  with  their  Jai'Oiu-fe  cymitcrs,  ma- 
king a  hideous  noife  and  dojetul  cries,  which 
they  lay  trights  him,  and  he  drowns  him- 
lelf  in  the  next  river, 

The  inhabitants  of  the  country  of  Aula 
tell  us,  they  are  often  plagued  by  a  giant, 
who,  they  lay,  is  a  milchievous  god,  and 
has  one  fivle  Ibund,  and  the  other  rotten  •, 
which  if  any  perfon  happen  to  touch,  he 
dies  immediately.  They  are  very  ftudious 
to  appeafe  him,  and  to  that  purpole  lay 
out  thoufands  of  pots  or  troughs,  with  eata- 
bles, all  about  the  country,  and  take  care 
continually  to  fupply  them. 
Vol.  V. 


This  expelling  oftho  devil  i6  ont  of  iheirDAiiuor. 
mod  lolemn  ftllivals,  ,is  is  another,  wiiich  ^•'V^'' 
they   Call    the  /w/,    commonly  falling  tit ''•''"'*'' 
the  end  of  their  lurvell. 

CoMI'l't  ATION    r/ TlMB. 

IT  i\  E  B!thk\  generally  make  their  com- 
*  putaiion  of  times  and  leaibns  by  the 
moon,  and  by  h'.r  know  the  proper  fea- 
lons  lor  fowing,  tor  wliich  reafon  they  pay 
thai  pi  met  .1  pirti.ul.ir  veneration  \  but 
many  ot  thim  have  been  long  fince  brought 
by  the  l'j<rn/c'tiiis,  among  whom  they  have 
converl'ed,  to  ilivide  time  into  years,  months, 
weeks  and  itays,  giving  every  day  ol  the 
week  its  proper  naiiic,  in  their  own  l.inguagc ; 
but  the  inland  people  ciividc  their  time  into 
hkky  Ani  unlu.ky. 

Of  1  u  o  I.  A  •]  i(  V  in  general. 

T  Shall  conclude  this  chapter  of  the  religion 
and  idols  ot  the  B:,uhs,  with  the  tollow- 
ing  digrelliiin,  concerning  the  fource  and 
original  ol  the  idolatry  ol  the  Gentiles  of 
Nignihi,  Giiineii,  and  the  Lower  Eihijjui, 
as  well  as  ol  all  othci  P.igans. 

Litl'aii  tiad  iiisviv,/y)/.));i/j,or  tutelar  diities,  ifraditei 
whom  heialled  his  goJ.i,  and  were  his  lioul-  maJiMi. 
hold  gods, being  reprel'cntations  of  yeah  and 
Sbem.  AJic.iIj  made  'l^erajiimi,  or  tutelar 
gods,  to  tiraw  a  bleHiiig  from  heaven  on 
Ins  houte.  Juuxes  xvW.  5.  Ami  1  he  man  Mi- 
cah  bad  an  boiiff  ufj^ods,  lUul  made  an  I'-phod 
a:id  Teraphim,  and  coiifetriiudo>ie  of  Us  funs, 
-ivbo  became  hti  pncjl.  vcr.  ij.  andfiid,  Nuw 
I  knew  the  Lord  will  do  mr  g'od. 

The  king  of  B.ib\lon  lluo.l  at  the  parting 
of  the  way,  at  the  head  of  the  two  ways, 
and  enquired  of  the  Teru^  bji:s,  or  idols, 
i  ir  they  are  fyiioninious  ;  it  being  the  culloin 
in  thole  days  to  let  up  the  Ter.iphiins  in 
niches,  or  cavities,  where  two  roads  met, 
.IS  tutelar  gods  of  the  high-ways.  Ti-r.i.'biiii 
figu'fying  prefervi-ig  and  healing  gods  ; 
they  ire  Diij.rvdiorci  is Jo/fititloret. 

1  Ik  ■TeriVhimi^  or  Scrdibims  in  I'gyit, 
were  tigures,  having  a  iiuman  head,  witlioi;c 
a  body,  arms,  or  other  limbs,  it  being  ufual 
among  the  Eg^;thui>  to  make  futh  repre- 
lentations. 

Ihave  feen  fudi  figures  at  Sierra  Leona,  ^^1,1,^ 
Rio  Seftro  and  yU;;,.;,  as  appears  in  the  cuts  roaJi. 
reLiting  to  the  dt  fcription  ol  thole  countries ; 
and  they  were  let  up  in  the  roads,  under 
little  huts.  The  idols  of  the  northern  people, 
near  Nova  Zemlla,  fpoken  of  before,  were 
carveit  on  the  trunks  of  large  trees  in  the 
open  fields.  Thofe  puppets  mentioned  in  the 
defcnption  of  Mtna,  and  the  idol  of  the 
Aci  a  Blacks,  there  difcourfed  of,  were  no 
otiur  than  the  refemblance  of  human  heads, 
without  any  body  or  limbs. 

M  m  m  m  Tlie 


S'^"'\ 


F!  F  ■^ 


5i8         A  Defmptioft of  South-Guinea.    BookIIJ 


•  •'''» 


'■ji- 


iv 


nM-xiT      Tlic  people  of /.oiw^fl,   of  whom  more 
l^W*  hi'icit'ti-r,  iMvr.illi)  tliiiriilols,   fftupunilir 
little  ronis,  or  in  nirl^'v,  oti  tlu'  ro.uls,  Ic.ul 
in^  to  the  iity  ol  tint  iv.ww,  or  othirs,  to 
which  they  p.iy  .i  religious  worlhip  as  they 
p.ifs  by. 
NtulitlJ        The  .incieni  l\rm.ii:s  li.id  their  l.arrs,  or 
i>'i'-         hoiilholcl  ujoils,    jiill  at  tlie   iiurantc    into 
their  houlen,  .\s\\\vllLhk\  havi' oti  the  G'o/,/ 
Cflrt//,  at  /;.'/!,  anil  in  moll  other  parts  of 
Criiih',1,  and  the  l.izu.-r  Elhiopi-i.  Nor  hail  the 
Rotnaui  I,ari\,  only  to  protiil  their  houlcs, 
but  others  alio  let  u|i  on  the  high-ways,  as 
protcdors  to   travellers  ;    anil  thole   were 
called  Dii  I'inle!,  or  Dit  Compitales.    So  the 
peo|)!c  of  Cif.ihut   have  their  gods  on   the 
roads  and  about  the  toiintry,  as  tutilariot 
thole  pl.icis. 

M.  'jfitrieii.,  m  liis  critical  hiftoryofthc 
good  and  bad  doctrine--  and  woi  Ihips  which 
were  in   the   ihiirih,  from  //</<<///  down  to 
Jksi'sChrist,  I'artllF.  p.ig.  4  :;S,and4;ij, 
makes  1  digreirinn  ujion  the  word  rtrrtphtm, 
and  proves  it  to  be  the  I  me  the  pagans  gave 
to  their  idols,  and  that  Uv  Thiiphims  they 
did  not  mean  the  great  God,  but  Ibnie  fingu- 
i.ir  perlbiisot  note  departed,  whom  they  had 
d. ifuil.     He,  tor  inllinie,  hippoles  ].:ihitH\ 
'riTiphhui  to  have  been  the  linages ol;Vci,;/j 
and  Shfm  \    as  the  Lara  of  the  Romain  re- 
prellnted  their  anceftors,    and  the  niolt:  il- 
lullrioiis  pcrfuns  of  their  families,  which  were 
p.'culiarly  conleerated  and  worfhipped    as 
gods.     He  then  fhows  how  thole  Ttrafbims 
were  imitated  from  the  oracle  of  the(,7ic'r«- 
himi,  and  in  procefs  of  rime  became  inftru- 
ments  of  magick,  among  tiic  caltern  nations. 


A  i  omm(  ntator  on  I  C«r.  x.  20,  and  21, «,/,;,. 
fays,  that  many  ot  the  heathen  dcitiei,  whom 
they  ferved  in  their  idols  were  wicked  Ipirits 
as  in  I.evil.  xvii.  7.  y/ti,i  they  Jhntl  no  inort 
oJf,-r  lieir  fiunfufi   unto  ilrvih,  6cc.  /)«•«/. 
xxxii.  17.    'Thn  fiicrifne'i  unto  linib,  not  h 
d'lii,  Andtho'  they  often  pretended  thereby 
to  honour  men  ileieafed,  or  other  creatiirci 
or  even  fometimes  the  fiiprenv  creator,  as 
in  .-f'/i  xvii.  n.    and  /ii'in.  i.  n.  yet  were 
they  reputed  to  render  that  lervice  to  the 
devil,  becaull'  he  was  the  inventor  and  pro- 
moter thereof-,  and  that  by  fuch  .\iU  (iu;| 
was  not  honoured,  but  rather  provokid. 

This  may  fuffice  to  convince  Ibme  I'erfonsGun,,. 
who  will  argue,  that  the  lervic»  the  \)a>\)k<JiU:!, 
of  (itiinea  do  to  their  idols  is  not  idolatry 
in  a  l\t'\it  (enle,  l)ecaufe  they  do  not  \v(ir. 
fliipthemas  ginls,  nor  even   the  devil  linn. 
Iill,  tho'   they  dread  him  fo  very  inudi, 
as  has  beenlaiil  betbrev  lor  continuing  whiTc- 
ot,  I  iTiall  ufc  the  worilsof  St.  Puiil,  i  Or. 
chap.  X.   19,  20.    ff^kit  Iity   I  then?    thu 
the  iJol  is  any  thing,  or  lb,il  whirl.?  ii  ajferdiii 
ftnifiif  to  iilots  is  iiiiy  thi>ig  .?  Hut  I  fas  thai  tl<i 
ihingi,  whit /.I  theGenliUsfacrifne,,  Ihn  laatfsa- 
to  divils,  and  not  la  GoJ.     C)thers  alio  hive 
been  of  opinion,  ffx-aking  of  Jews  and  den- 
tiles,  that  they   might  attain  to  lite  ever- 
lalling,  without  the  knowledge  of  God,  the 
fupernatural  Being,  and  without  the  know- 
ledge of  the  immortality    of  the  tbul,  and 
of  reward  and   punilhment  after  this  lifi' ; 
but  Navarette  very   lultly  fays,    that  \\ic\\ 
doc'frine  cannot  be   detendeil  or  taught  by 
found  upoltolical  milFioners. 


The  END  of  the  Till  ViD  Book. 


!«•! 


BOOK 


3iP 


20,  ami  2i,/J»u,.. 
Ii'itics,  whom 
vickril  Ipirits, 
fhall  no  in.rt 
Is,  &c,  Di-iit 

(Irjili,  m  I'l 
■niUil  thereby 
her  rrcaturts, 
e  creator,  at 
i  I .  yi't  wcff 
.Tvicc  to  tin; 
itor  anil  iiro- 
I'licli  ac'ts  (juil 

jnovokiil. 
■  roinr  pcrlonsf. ,  ,,,-1 

in   tlie  [K-opli; '■«''" 

not  iilolatry, 
If  I'.o  not  wor- 
the  ilfvil  liiiii- 
I  very  much, 
irininp;  wherc- 
.  Paid,  I  Gr. 

/  then?  that 
nthii  offered  in 
\lt  Ipy  ihilt  llii! 

ce,  thi-s  liicrifiu- 
hers  alio  have 
'Jews  anil  (len- 
1  to  lite  cvcr- 
'cofGoil,  the 
out  the  know- 
thc  foul,  and 
after  this  lifi' ; 
lys,  that  luch 
\\  or  taught  by 


BOOK   IV. 


BOOK 


CHAP.     I. 


Of  thcShveCoid  i/i  genera/.    Soko  kingdom.    Rio  cl.i  Volta.    Coto  kinf^- 
dom-    Little  J'opo.    Qrcat  Popo.     French  failory  there,  &c. 


Popo 

¥N  the  former  book,  whiih  was  all  of 
I  the  Qnhi  Coal],  I  laid  down  its  extent 
iihino;  the  Ihore,  from  Rio ile Swiiro  tit  C.njia, 
to  Las,  in  the  /.cm// lountry. 

Inthis  fourtli  liook,  I  am  to  treat  of  the 
Slave  Coajl,  focalkd  by  the  Kiiroream,  \v  ■ 
raufe  tlie  whole  trade  there  confilts  in  flavcs 
and  i;i)UI,  piirchafed  merely  by  chance,  in 
an  inconiiderable  quantity. 

I'he  Slave  Coast. 

[11(1/ (f  'T'HK  fea-firing  Ei'rofeani  extend  this 
ibiiijl     *■    Slave  Coajl,    to  Rio-L.igns,    in  Bemii, 
where  it  lolcs  its  name  ;  the  adjacent  coall 
being  that  of  Great  Benin  •    and  beyond  it 
the  coall  of  Douiveire,  ft  retching  to  cape 
t'ermozo,  towards  the  fouth  •,  and  from  this 
cape,  to  Rio  del  Rey  eaft  ;  and  thence  com- 
jKilTing  fouth,  as  far  as  ca^ie  Lope-Gonzalcs, 
beyond   the  Mfiialor,  forms  the  gulph   of 
Guinea,  ax  x\\e  liight :  thus  ftretchintv  in  tlie 
whole  three  hundred  and  fifty  leagues  in  a 
bow,  from  I'olta,  the  bill  part  whereof,  at 
lead  as  far  as  Camamies  river,  at  the  bottom 
of  the  gulph,  might  be  well  accounted  the 
W(ir^C9.(//,asafVording  vail  numbers  of  llaves 
in  trade,  ifpccially  at  newand  old  C'(i/;/',;r, 
and  fo  on  10  Rin  dd  Rey.     And  tor  the  fame 
rcafoii,  the  traft  ot   land  along  the  lea  l)e- 
twixt  /.rtvand  Rio  di  I'olta.  might  as  well  be 
reckon'il  a  part  of  the  (kid  Coajl,   the  coun- 
try atibrding  now  and  then  fome  little  gold 
in  tralFick ;    and   it  was  on  that  accoun:, 
that  in    my   original   French   nianufcripts, 
and  in  the  map,  or  chart  annexed,  I  made 
the  Guld-Co,iit  extend  troii)  Rio  de  Stcir') 
da  Ccjia,  to  Rio  da  Voita ;  looking  upon  that 
us  its  true  extent,  and  alTigning  two  famous 
large  rivers  tor  its  limits. 

But  this  being  of  very  little  or  no  con- 
ft(.)iicnce,  ;','ul  our  Eii^lijh  and  Dtitih  fea- 
taring  people  reckoning  it  otherwilc,  I  re- 
linquifli  my  former  opinions,  and  fubmit 
to  theirs,  becaule  it  is  chietly  for  them  I 
write  ;  and  now  enter  on  the  fubjcift  of  the 
Slave  Cvajl,  commonly  reputeil  to  extend 
from  La\,  to  Rio  Lagos. 

This  AVrti'fC'o.j// comprehends  the  coaftsof 
Soko,  Colo,  Popo,  Ftda  and  /Irdra,  the  I'ub- 
jedl  of  the  lollowingdcfcription. 


Soko   KrNnnoM. 
•yn  I S  kingdom  extends  on  the  weft  tOy*  cxHuiry 
*    Octa,  a  village  eaft  ot /..;v,  and  on  tlie »/''"'' 
eaft,  w  Rio  dai^olt.j,  along  the  coaft  on  the"''"'' 
ocean.     How  deep  it  runs  inland,    I  coulJ 
i.ot  learn,  being  a  country   ot  little  cciH- 
nurce   with  Europeans,  unlefs  by  chance  : 
fome,    efpeiially  Porlngnef,;    touch  at    its 
maritime    places,    v/V.  Angidan,    Briberqu, 
B'yt  and  /IquaH  ,  x'ither  to  provide   corn, 
(maiz)    of  which  it  .illords  great  jiKnty  ; 
or  to   purchare  .hcaiiy  dotlis,    which  the 
/Icianeez  people  bring   tliither    from  their 
Country,    whei;  Jic   inland  roads  arc  clear 
.roin  robbers,  and  make  a  very  confiderablc 
profit  by  that  tride  1    but  that  country  is 
feldom  free  trom  luch  villains. 

'J"he  Nei(roes  of  AW/ri  and  C  to  likewit'e 
come  to  Soko  by  tea,  when  they  .ire  intbrmed 
that  fome  European  fliips  make  any  ftay 
there,  and  bring  fome  quantities  of  flaves. 

The  natives  of  S'jko  are  moltly  hulband- //;i  f-^nJ- 
men,  and  li;;arce  mind  .my  otIv.T  employ-"""- 
iiuiit  betides  that  and  lilliing  ;  tlio'  tilTicry 
there,  as  well  as  at  the  former  wcftern  coafts, 
as  far  as  ,7ir<),  turns  to  little  or  no  account. 
\'ery  tew  of  them  ever  have  any  gold,  un- 
Icfs  it  be  the  /L>.i,  Lum'i,  and  .Iqiiamboez 
Hl.hki,  who  are  fettled  among  them  with 
their  families,  of  which  there  ,;re  a  pretty 
inany  1  as  well  .is  at  Lay,  Ningo,  Cincko, 
and  lb  to  Pnmpena,  or  Po'mi,  wi  ftward. 

IkTiiles  the  tbur  mentioned  villages  fitu- 
ateil  on  the  Suko  <  oaft,  there  arc  feveral 
h.imlets  and  cottages  intermixt  between 
them  on  the  t'ca-fliore,  but  of  no  manner 
of  confuleration. 

.Some  authors  account  this  country  as  part 
of  the  kingdom  ot  Lamjn  ;  wliofe  prince, 
as  I  have  laid  in  the  I'econd  book,  bears 
tlie  title  of  king  oi'  Ladingiour. 

The  maritime  part  of  Soko  is  ftal  and 
low,  rifiiig  gradually  as  it  runs  up  inland, 
and  is  very  woody. 

Rio    DA    Vot.  TA, 

ll/A  .S  lb  called  by  the  Porlugnrfe  for  its 

'*    rapid  courfe  and   reflux.     Its  Ipring, 

according  to  a  very  niodcrn  author,  is  in  the 

kingdom  oi  Akam,  borderinii  tliuihward  on 

that 


l> 


m 


wm 


'■■I '  ;  1 


If 


iJ'  u 


'  i!f  ;i 


,'i  '< 


til: 


^>tf 


320 


j4  Defcription  of  the 


Book  IV.  I  Chap. 


P/.Kiio  r.  that  of  GiJgo,  in  nine  degrees  north  latiiiidc, 
^■OT*"  running    tlu-nce    tlirough   the   country    ot" 
•Tiifou,    in    wiiich  ;irc  (aid  to  be  mines  of 
gold  i   and  I'o  downward  fouth,    througii 
that  of  i^hj.sboii,  Ahoura,  Ingo,  anil  others. 
The  cmtt  about  it  is  flat  and  low,  but  up 
the  land   it  rifes   into  hills  and  very  llecp 
mountain";.     Tiie  fliore  is  bordered  all  along 
wit!)  a  fine  large  fuidy  llrand,  forming  ll- 
v(  r.d  litde  bays,  having  nine  fathom  deep, 
about   a  league  out  to  fea.     The    land  is 
pretty  open  lor  fomc  miles,  on  either  fide 
of  the  river,   where  you  fee  a  great  num- 
ber  ol  ixdni  trees,    Itanding  at  equal  di- 
Uantcslioin  each  other  -,  the  country  farther 
up  is  .Jl   wooily,    or  covered  with  (hrubs 
;.nd  biilhy  irees, 
/■■f./M  it     Thii  liv  r  i,-.  not  cafily  feen  from  fea,  un- 
'.'■''"  '"""   lefsai  about  liveor  lix  Lng.'tjl  milesdillanee, 
from  tiie  toi' inall  heads,   whence  only  it 
appears  10   \k    a  fuie  and  large  river,    dif- 
chargirig  iis  watt  rs  very  violently   into  ilie 
oee.iU  ;    bur  you   c.uinot  peretive  liuhalt 
opening,   till  you    come  within  a  league  ut 
rlie  lliore,  where  it  Ihows  a  I'niall  opeinng, 
or  mouth,  and  tiie  ni'liing  and  Itroiigliream 
that  ^:.nus  out,    h.is  but  a  fniall   pallage  : 
for  thoug'i   tiiis  river  is  very  wide  wiiliin, 
a  traft  ot   land  or  point,   wiiich  Ibme  pre- 
tend is  an  ifl.uid  athwart  its  mouth,  as  the 
D/(tJj  ir.ips  iiave  it,    renders  the  entrance 
into  the   fea  lo  narrow,  that  it  is   [xilfible 
only    wiUi   canoes,  but   twice  in   the  year, 
and  tliat  coiiinionly  in  J^  ril  and  A'oVc'wi'tr, 
at  wiiich  times  tlie  weatlier  is  not  lb  boi(tc- 
rouj  at  tiie  toait:,  as  in  the  rainy  feafons. 
rnr.;rrru,      I  l.iy  one  niglit  at  anchor  north  by  weft 
rntrjNit.    ofthisrivcr,   in  a  yacht,  in  eighteen  failiom 


water,  iirackl 


id,  and  the  next  morn- 


ing found  tl.e  yaeiit  was  driv.n  nortliwatd, 
from  eigliceen  to  thirteen  fuhoin,  in  live 
hours  time  1  whereas  naturally  the  tide 
fliould  have  driven  it  to  the' foathward, 
fince  it  gLncrally  runs  that  way  from  /  o/^(, 
w  itii  an  incredible  rapidity, lb  as  you  find  tiie 
frelh  out  to  fea,  in  ten  fathom  depth,  the 
waii-r  looking  wliiie  ;  and  carrying  gre.,t 
numliers  ot  trees  along  with  ir,  atlome  lla- 
fons  ofiiie  year,  which  fticking  fdt  at  the 
mouth  ot  the  river,  occafioiis  very  high 
I'wellings,  and  terrible  lurges. 

It  is  natural  enough  to  believe,  that  by 
reafon  of  the  widenels  within,  and  the  vio- 
lent reflux  of  this  river,  the  ebb,  which 
palfes  thro'  that  fniall  mouth,  muft  be 
much  llrongcr  than  if  it  liati  as  large  an 
entrance  into  the  ocean  as  the  river  is  wide. 
This  violent  ebb,  meeting  with  the  waves 
of  the  lea,  which  by  the  fteady  winds  from 
louthweft,  and  fouili,  are  forced  uixjn  the 
(hart,  muft  needs  caufe  horrid  and  tiread- 
ful  fwellings,  or  furges  on  the  ocean,  which 
renders  the  navigation  of  that  river,  a  ■ 
tiie  rainy  feafon,  io  perilous,  that  it  is  hol 


polTible  to  perfuade  the  Blach  to  venture 
even  with  canoes. 

The  belt  mark  I  can  give  to  difcover  the 
mouth  of  I'olia  from  tlie  fea,  is  a  fmall 
wood,  lianding  on  the  eaft  point  of  it,  tho' 
it  Icems  at  a  diftancc  to  be  all  continent. 

All  the  Dnicb  maps  w  iiave,  as  well  as  r  ,, 
the  Eii^lijh,  repielent  the  II  ore  about  I'olta, m.x'f.. 
efpecially  lor  lome  leagues  welt  of  its  mouth, 
lo  be  taccd  wit,i  a  liign  large  bank  of  fuid  ; 
tor  avoiding  of  which,  molt  twcfean  fhip?, 
bound  from  Lij/  to  iutJa  or  A'llra,  com- 
monly fteer  wide  ofthecoalt,  ten  or  twelve 
leagues:  which,  if  ihey  knew  octtcr,  they 
would  not  do,  fince  it  li.ngtiiens  llieir  navi- 
gation ■  for  there  is  no  otUer  fhoal  or  bank 
Dat  a  very  fmall  one,  both  in  length  and 
breadt:i,juft  eaft  of  the  river's  mouth  1  whidi 
is  omitted  in  the  maps  above  mentioned, 
beginning  exidtly  at  the  eaft  fiJc  of  the 
ciiannel,  or  pafi.ige  ol  the  river.  So  that 
an/  fhip  wii.uevor  may  \ery  lately  fail  from 
L.iy,  .ilong  the  coaft  ot  Suku  M-i\.\  I  o.ta,  fleer- 
ing ilirecUy  .it  a  league  and  half  diftan.e 
1 10m  fhore,  at  motl. 

There  is  another  bank  of  fand  athwart 
the  mouth  of  the  river,  in  tiie  nature  of  a 
bar  i  which  rendring  tne  water  more  fhailow, 
contributes,  witli  Uie  violent  reflux,  and  the 
narrownels  of  the  pafl.age,  to  the  horrid 
fwelling  and  lurges  I  have  mentioned.  And 
I  remember  to  iliis  jmrpole,  tliat  the  then 
Dutib  general  of  Alma,  I'erbouteri,  fup- 
poling,  as  he  did,  I  was  making  oblervations, 
ai'.d  new  dilc(ivcries  on  tlie  Guinea  Coa/l,  in 
the  yacht  I  va^  embarked  on,  when  t  paid 
him  a  vifit  at  AV'xrt,  as  has  been  laid  beture, 
and  perceiving  1  was  viry  iiiqLiifitive  about 
every  tiling  rel.uing  to  (/,•/«  rt,  as  we  were 
difeourling  together,  advifaime,  as  to  this 
river  ot  /  (,/,'■(,  by  no  me.uis  to  venture  to 
carry  the  yacht  into  it,  as  being  the  moft 
perilous  thing  Ico.ild  do,  evai  at  that  very 
time  when  he  fpoke  to  me,  winch  was  in  the 
month  ut  Jjn/f  and  conlqu.ntly  the  (itteft 
te.ilbn  of  tiiC  year  lor  p..iling  up  it  withi''-"--'" 
a  y.icht.  But  in  the  courleofour  conver-^.''^"-' 
liition,  Ibme  time  alter,  lorgetting  what  lie  "'"' 
had  laid  before,  ad.led,  th.it  he  ufcd  now 
and  ilicn,  at  Ibme  Icalons  of  the  year,  to 
fend  Hoops  to  ^oila,  which  brought  back 
fonie  quantities  of  llaves  and  cloths  -,  which, 
as  he  told  me,  the  natives  buy  ot  the  /Jb\Jj,- 
111.VIS,  and  ,\iii>ui/,i,  with  whom  tliey  have  a 
tree  conniierce,  by  means  of  this  river  run- 
ning up,  always  very  wide  and  large,  avail 
way  inland,  tow.,rds  the  north  north-call: 
but  it  is  cho.iked  in  Ibme  of  the  upper  part 
ol  its  ch.inncl,  by  fall , an  I  clifts,  .is  the  Blacks 
report.  He  fliow'd  me  Ibme  of  thole  i  loths, 
which  are  not  unlike  bordersof  needle  tapef- 
try  •,  but  I  fuiipole  the  tr.ide  ol  this  river  is 
of  no  great  .idvantage,  liiice  the  //olliVnUrs, 
who  are  well  acquainted  with  the  country, 

have 


BookIV    IChap.  I.  Coajlf  of  Sou  TR-Guii^E  A. 


321 


(  to  venture 


have  no  rctilemtnis  there:  or  it  may  pro- 
a'ci.1  from  ilie  d.mgcrs  of  navigating  that 
rivtr. 

Tiie  Por!ii^tiej'i'  trade  there  Ibmctiincs, 
■i.nd  cany  away  a  few  llives,  fomc  elephants 
ta-tli,  ;ind  buluvi  wheat,  whereof  there  is 
rrjat  plenty  ;  lull  little  or  no  gold,  the  na- 
"tivi^  iV.irce  knowing  that  metal. 

Tlie  roall  t'lom  Z,rtv  to  l''o!ta,  llretchcs 
e;ift  by  north,  and  fonietinies  call  by  fouth, 
|i;ve:U' m  or  eighteen  leagues.  'J'he  Dutch 
:i,.  ••  iii.ips  1-iy  it  down  north-ea  l.and  norih-ealt 
w^/j'/hy  call,  about  twelve  Dnli/j  miles.  Hut 
tht'y  are  millaken  :  for  I  had  good  oj)por- 
tunity  to  make  nice  obfervations  in  failing 
along  the  coaft,  in  a  yacht,  in  fix  or  l'evei\ 
f.itliom,  not  far  from  (hore,  wlicre  we  faw 
fKveral  fires  all  along  it  from  Lay  to  that 
place  ■,  it  being  then  the  fowing  fcafon  for 
llhlrni  wheat. 

The  coall  from  the  eafbern  point  of  Rio 
li.i  Voha,  to  c.ipe  M':i:/,-go,  or  Moiilc  ila  Rn- 
ti/z.i,  run.uafi  loiith-eafi  alinoll  tour  leagues  j 
'l\u  village  I/ova  being  Rated  on  the  I'ea^ 
Ihore,  about  a  league  ai  1  a  halt  wtfi  from 
the  mount  ;  and  has  for  a  mark,  a  thick, 
l,us;e  and  lotty  wood,  on  the  north-eafi  of 
it.  The  land  of  the  lounding  is  there  as  fine 
as  dull. 

CoTo    Kingdom. 
'T'  1 1 1  S  is  the  kingdom  of  Co/o,  which,  as 
■*•     I  have  faid  before,  is  reckoned  to  begin 
weft  from   Rio  Voltit,     ami  extends  on  tlie 
fca-fide  from  thence  to  the  town  ot  Coto,  or 
Vo-bcti,  about  fixteen  leagues  or  better  eail- 
warti :  has  been  the  refiJence  of  the  king  of 
0,1(1,   and  is  reported  to  be  a  large  popu- 
lous rown. 
fv.T,//     Vrom  Cdho  Montrgo  eallward,    the  coafl 
iu;.>    '  forms  a  great  bulging  ot  ten  leagues,  from 
point  to    p.oint,    to  cape  St.  PmIo,     near 
which  Hands  the   village   f^iiLi,     which  is 
to  lie  known  from  tlie  l^a  by  a  fmall  thicket 
or  wood,  over  which  three  palm-trees   rite. 
hmtf  The  lounding  tiiere  is  extremely  fine  land, 


r.Mj/, 


our  conver- 


anil  on  the  fliore  very  great  fwelling  waves, 
uhi;h  hinders  the  natives  trom  coming  out 
on  board  fliips.  The  ihore  ot'  the  bulging 
ahovc-iiKntioned,  apjx'ars  broken  ihrougliin 
iD.Hiy  pans,  anil  the  lanil  within  marfliy 
;ind  watry,  as  it  is  all  along  from  yolla  hi- 
tiier  •,  and  feems  to  be  a  l.irge  continued 
like,  out  of  which,  about  the  middle  gufhes 
out  a  little  river,  which  does  not  flow  out 
into  the  fea,  but  isdifcei  -hie  by  the  tree„ 
(land  :ig  on  the  eaft  fide  o.'"  it,  and  by  feveral 
fm.ill  ilVuids  in  the  lake. 

The  Coto  Conjl,  from  cape  St.  Paolo,  to 
cape  Moiiie,  runs  call  norrh-eaft,  the  land 
low,  flat,  level  and  open,  or  at  beft  having 
here  and  there  feme  Ihrubs.  Near  this  cajx; 
apj)eais  ,1  leparaiion  in  the  lliore,  as  of  a 
river  i  one  fide  of  which  is  low  and  open,  and 

Vol.  V. 


on    the  other  fide,    it  is  fomcwhat  a  rifing  f^Aiuirvr' 
ground,  with  many  round  huts  or  houfes,  ^■^'V*^. 
llantling  near  the  ftrand  -,  but  no  canoes  ever 
come  out  from  thence,    the  natives  having 
little  or  no  commerce  with  Europeans.    The 
village  Bequoe  is  not  far  from  that  place. 

The  kingdom  of  Coto  is  not  extr.iordinary 
populou.s,  and  like  to  be  lefs,  by  reafon  of 
its  wars  with  their  next  neighbours  of  Poj-o. 
The  inhabitants  are  generally  pretty  civil  c<W/ 
to  Ur.mgers,  as  well  as  their  king  v  tho'  fome '  "''' 
|irctend  they  were  formerly  of  a  more  la- 
vage ,md  ibttifii  temper  than  moR  of  the 
Biiicki  .ue. 

The  toil  of  this  country  is  tolerably  ttoredsji/ 
with  cattle,  palm,  or  wild-coco,    of  which 
lalf  it  produces  a  v.ill:  quuuity  :     the  foil  is 
Dtherwife  flat,  very  fandy,  dry,  barren,  and 
void  of  all  other  titcs. 

The  rivers  allbrd  the  inhabitants  good 
fiore  of  fidi,  but  no  C-.l  filh  is  teen  there, 
becaufe  of  the  hoiriJ  bre.d'iing  of  th."  lea, 
all  along  the  fea-fliore,  which  makes  it  im- 
practicable for  any  canoes  to  go  in  or  our. 

The nativeshave  a  very iiKonfiderable  trade  Cotoj 
in  flaves,  of  which  ic  is  but  feldom  they  can  ?'■""■• 
atford  any  good  number  together,  and  thofe 
they  moll ly  Ileal  from  the  upland  country, 
and  difpole  of  them  on  board  fome  Europe- 
an fliips  i  efpccially  to  the  Portuguefc,  who 
refort  thither  more  than  any  others :  fo  that 
there  are  few  wealthy  nun  among  thcCe/(;j, 
and  the  generality  being  very  poor,  many 
of  them  turn  llrolling  robbers  about  the 
country,  antUlo  much  mifchief. 

Thi.s  nation  is  in  a  Ibrt  of  contederacy 
witii  that  of  y//^«(JM/^;c,  which  will  now  and 
then  on  occafion  afiill  them  with  fome  forc(  s 
in  time  of  war.  Thiaroeconomy,  politicks 
and  religion  arc  much  the  fame  as  on  the 
GoldCoaji  ;  only  tluy  \.\\q.  here  a  vail  quan- 
tity of  idols:  and  as  to  their  dialeft,  it  dif- 
fers little  from  th.it  <^['  Jem. 

L  I  T  T  I.  r.    P  o  P  o. 
I7ROM  cape  A/^;//.-',   in   the  country  of£■v/e>l^ 

the  Cotoi,  to  little  Polo,    the  coaft  ex- 
tends north  eafl  about  five  li  agues,    all  flat 
find,    very   ilindy    and    bairn,   with  only ^•"•'■«' 
fome  lew  flirubs  h'.re  and  there. 

Little /'o/'?>  is  atm.dliDuntry,  but  bearing 
the  title  of  a  kingdom,  fituated  betwixt  thofe 
of  Coto,  and  great  Pofo,  on  the  fea-fiilc  ;  its 
extent  up  the  inland  I  know  not.  The 
country  is  flat,  without  hills  or  trees,  and 
to  extraordinary  fandy,  that  the  B'icki  can 
drefs  no  viduals,  but  what  is  full  of  land. 

The  toil  isfo  barren,  that  the  natives  mud 
be  fujiplied  with  moft  neccflaries  for  life  from 
Eiiia.  They  are  alfo  incredibly  plagued  vUgui  of 
with  rats,  which  are  extraordinary  nume- '''"'• 
rous.  The  town  of  little  Popo  is  leated  on 
the  fliore,  four  leagues  welt  of  grand  Po/o, 
and  icar  a  fmall  river  or  creek. 

N  n  n  n  Moft 


irk'"- 


?!..;. 


if'fv'.  i 


':!■     .•     *1 


-I  mm 


r:  ■■■'"'^ 


i!i;i 


,.ir-' 


;"t' 


I' 


:  |'5||: 


>>'■'  ,  ,^    ■■i! 


!(;:i 


Pi  '^ 


'fr  n 


r[*.^ 


521 


^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  IV. 


^.Y.v. 


Rarbot.  Mofl  of  the  inhabitants  arc-  the  remains 
^"'V'^'  of  tlu-  little  Ai-ra  people,  who  lived  under 
tlic  Dutib  fort,  C'-,'vn\r:ir,  from  whence 
they  ii^ive  been  lately  driven  by  the  .1- 
qttamhoei  nAUon,  ns  I  have  obferved  before. 
Tho'  this  country  is  not  very  populous,  the 
natives  are  very  bold  and  warlike,  and  often 
at  variance  with  the  O/'j  nation. 

The  inha!)iiants  of  little /'o/'o  live  moflly 
upon  plunder,  and  the  flave  tr.ide  ;  far  cx- 
let-dini;  thcCv/'y/,;;H,thcirneighbours,in  com- 
muiingabund.uieeofo.itragesand  robberies, 
by  nie.ir.sofwhiili,  they  encreafc  in  riches  and 
trade  ;  which  lu)wc\er,  is  no'  ii)  very  confi- 
der.ible,  as  to  afford  a  large  cargo  of  (laves 
in  a  little  time,  but  requires  ibme  munths. 

To  thi^purpofe,  it  is  their  common  pr.ic- 
tice  to  .dliire  the  fiipircnrgo,  or  coninian- 
i!i.r  of  a  ir.uliiig  Ihip,  when  t!iey  come  firlt 
alioard,  that  they  have  a  Hock  of  fl.ivcs  a- 
fhore  ;  but  it  is  only  to  ilraw  iiiui  .lihore, 
which  if  they  can  do,  they  will  detain  him 
fume  months,  and  fleece  him  well :  tiir  they 
are  the  moll  deceitful  and  thievilh  of  any 
R'a.ks.  Sometimes  it  happens  according  to 
the  fuccefs  of  their  inland  exeurfions,  th.it 
tiny  are  able  to  furnilh  two  luuulred  fl.ives 
or  mci;v,  in  a  very  few  iLy.. 

The  Pvrt'i<;i:,i',\  of  all  KiirofciVi  nation-;, 
have  the  moll  conll.mt  commerce  with  little 
P'jp'j  ;  notwiihil.inding  they  are  heavily  a- 
Inifed  and  cheated  by  the  inhabit. aits,  be- 
caule  the  Porfif^ar'e  commonly  h.ive  viry 
lorry  goods  to  lonipofe  their  largo,  wliich 
will  not  take  lb  w.ll  ,\t  other  rr.iding  ports 
of  the  SLtvc  Co.ijl,  as  there  :  and  thof.'  B!.!ti:s 
being  n.iturally  frauilukr.r,  have  !o  often 
cheated  and  amult-d  the  E)i!jiJJ.\  D.mei  and 
[I'j.'i.in.irn,  that  they  feldom  now  will  call 
at  that  place  to  trattick  •,  which  obliges  the 
natives  to  Ihift  as  well  as  they  can  with  Por- 
tiigiir  ("■commo.litiis. 

Their  politicks,  irconomy  ,uid  religion, 
ar,' mui  h  tlie  fame,  as  what  h.ii  been  mk  n- 
tionL-d  ot  the  B'.iuki  ac  /Lia,  as  being  but 
l.itely  IV  d  from  thence  thither,  for  fmftu- 
ary  againfl  the  violent  outriges  of  their  im- 
placable enemies  the  . ■/]:.' a /hhrs. 

There  is  an  incredible  number  of  rats 
very  troubleliime  in  many  rL-fperts  to  the  in- 
habitants, and  much  more  10  tr.ivi  Hers, 
who  are  not  iifed  to  thetii.  It  is  reporteii, 
that  in  the  village  of  RouhIuI,  m  the  ifland 
of  UiVries,  one  of  the  wefterp  iflamls  of 
ScoftaiiJ,  the  natives  were  much  troubled 
with  rat.s,  which  delhoy'd  ill  their  corn, 
milk,  butt  T  and  chcefe,  (j?i.  tJi'at  tjiey 
could  not  extirpate  t'iole  vermin  for  fo:ne 
time,  by  all  tiieir  I'iide.ivoiiis.  A  cohfi  Ic- 
rable  namber  of  cats  was  employ'd  for  that 
end,  .  but  were  Hill  w'orfled,  and  bee. me 
perf  &[y  fiiint,  bec.iufe  ovtr-poweiM  by  the 
ra".,  w'lo  weie  twenty  to  one.  At  length 
one  of  the  inhabiuius,   of  more  fa^aciiy 


than  the  reft,  found  an  expedient  to  renew 
his  cat's  (Irength  and  courage  -,  which  was 
by  giving  it  warm  milk,  after  every  en- 
counter with  the  rats :  and  the  like  beinr' 
given  to  all  the  other  cats,  after  every  bat- 
tle, fucceeded  fo  well,  that  they  left  not 
one  rat  alive,  notwithftanding  the  great 
number  of  them  in  the  place. 

If  this  is  effeflualto  deftroy  rats,  it  m;u- 
be  very  ufeful  aboard.  ;1iips,  where  we  are 
commonly  fo  much  pi  (lered  with  that  mif- 
chievous  vermin  :  for  they  pilfer  and  carry 
away  any  thing  they  can  come  at,  even 
breeches,  (lockings,  i^fc.  and  will  often  bite 
men  in  their  cabbins,  and  foul  on  their  f.i- 
ces  ;  nay,  they  are  even  fo  large  and  fo  bold, 
th.it  they  have  afTuilted  my  grey  and  bine 
p.irrots  in  the  night,  kill'd  fom.-,  and  ainioll 
eaten  them  up,  tho'  the  fliip  I  was  in  w.is 
new  from  the  (locks  for  the  voyage. 

(i    R    E    A    T       P  O  P  O. 

■p  R  C)  M  this  jiort  to  that  of  great  Poid, 
or  Po/nh,  eafl  of  it,  is  about  five  leaguer, 
I'his  place  isealily  known  coming  from  well 
to  it,  by  two  flags  that  are  conllanily  dif- 
play'd  there,  at  the  beach  on  either  (ide  of 
the  river 'r.jrj.  That  on  the  ead  point  is 
ihc  Didib  flag,  that  nation  having  a  Iddt^e 
there  ,  the  other  a  white  flag,  the  natives 
fet  up  on  tlie  weft  point  of  the  river,  when 
they  perceive  (hips  coming  (ioin  the  weft- 
ward.  You  fee  by  the  chart  of  great  Pofo 
in  the  print,  how  the  river  Tury,  by  the'''*' 
Poi  tn^^n^fr  c.xWW  Kio  flo  Poiipou,  is  filuated  ; 
and  the  town  Pofo  (laiuling  in  an  iflanil, 
formed  by  mor.ifTes  and  bogs:  for  whiih 
realbn,  the  PoiU'gaef-  call  it  T'cna  Jiit'giuL, 
i.  i-.  drowned  land,  and  iiCuLT-.Ttira  Gtncl- 
la.  The  town  is  divided  into  three  parcels, 
at  a  diflnncc  from  each  other. 

The  entrance  or  mouth  of  the  river  1/1 
Poui'ou  is  choaked  with  a  bar,  of  cafy  accch 
and  recifs  with  bar-tanoi's. 

The  natives  of  this  iftand  have  fcarce 
any  dwelling-places  bi fides  the  great  vil 
1  igc  where  ilie  king  of  Pojo  commonly  re- 
fides  :  and  the  country  is  but  thinly  peo[)led, 
becaule  of  the  perpetual  incurfions  of  the 
/•;'<('.(  B'.vks  ;  who  libour  continually  to 
reduce  th--  Pi po  men  to  the  obedience  ofoofM 
the  king  of  }':da,  to  whom  it  did  former-"'- 
ly  belong,  but  have  not  as  yet  been  able 
to  effecl  it.  The  town  of  Po/o,  being 
in  an  ifl.in  I,  in  the  midft  of  the  river, 
they  are  forced  to  make  ufe  of  floats  to 
come  at  them  ;  .wA  tlie  Pojo  people  keeping 
tliemli  Kes  in  a  good  poftuie  of  defence, 
often  repulfe  the  t'uLifuDis,  and  their  auxi- 
liaries, with  great  lof.. 

This  continual  Waf,  hinders  the  Pciofum 
from  cultlva.iiig  tin  ir  lands i]uietly  ;  v-here- 
by  thry  v  'ry  Ireqiicnfly  want  provifions, 
and  would  flarvc  if  tlicy  were  not  fupply'd 

from 


Book  IV.  ■  Chap,  i-  Coajis  of  Sour  k-Gvu^e  a. 


3^3 


to  renew 
vhich  was 
every  en 
like  being 
:very  b.it- 
y  left  not 
the  great 

ts,  it  ni;u- 
ere  wc  are 
1  that  mif- 
antl  carry 
■  at,  even 
I  olten  bite 
Dn  their  fa- 
nd  fo  bokl, 
yr  and  blue 
and  alnioll 
was  in  w.is 
i^e. 


great  Po/», 
live  leaguer, 
g  from  well 
iiltantly  tlil- 
itlier  fule  ot' 
,'a(t  point  is 
ing  .1  Indge 
tlie  natives 
river,  wiien 
m  the  wcft- 
f  great  Pafa 
':i>-\,    by  tiic ■''*■' ■ 

is  fituated; 

in  an  illanil, 

for  whirh 

7  iJ  Alh'gdiLl, 

iree  parcels, 

Itbc  river  i/i 
It'i-.'.fy  aecciii 

Ihivc  icarce 
"reat  vil 
Iminonly  re- 
Inly  peopled, 
Ifions  of  the 
Jntintially  to 
Ibediente  oU'.mu'M 
Idid  former- »"'■ 
It  been  able 
\ol'0,    being 
the  river, 
if  floats  to 
Iplc  keeping 
lof  defence, 
their  auxi- 


le  Poiofi.m 

l|y  i  v-iiere- 

provifions, 

3t  fiiiply'd 

front 


from  Fuld  for  their  money,  tho'  their  ca- 
pital enemies-,  intereft encouraging  the /•W^ 
BLu'hi  tofurnilh  them  with  ncccfTaries,  not- 
withlVanding  the  fevere  fines  and  punithment 
they  incur  iiom  their  fovcreign  the  king  of 
yid^U  on  that  account. 

Whillt  this  petty  kingdom  of  great  Popo., 
by  the  Po>liigUr-fi  cailM  Os  Poufos,  wasfub- 
jeft  to  the  king  of  ylrtlra  (for  it  may  pro- 
perly   be   reckoned  to   be   in  the   ancient 
country  of.7/'./'v',  as  well  As,Fiila,)  the  Ardra- 
j'liiu  language  being  llill  ufed  at  d'ofo,  with 
very  fmall  alteration,    and  the  government 
upon  the  fame  foot ;  it  iiad  but  an  indift'e- 
rent  trade  witli  Europeans,  the  king  ot  ///•- 
dra  obliging  them  to  carry   all  tlic  fl  ives 
they  got  to  /Irdnt,  in  order  to  receive  hi.s 
toll,  which  probably  may  have  intluced  the 
pcpofi'im  to  revolt  from  liim,  ami  jireferve 
thenifelves  free  and  indepciident :  ami  by  this 
V'J'"  ihcir  jiolicy  they  have  drawn  a  good  trade 
S"'-^'''  to  Popo  ever  fince  •,    inlbmuch,  that  at  loine 
'"         times  they  arc  able  to  make  up  a  large  car- 
go of  Haves  in  a  few  days,    taking  in  pay- 
ment thereof,    cauris,    iron,    bugles,  linen, 
and  other  forts  of  £wWtYi/;  goods. 

All  trading  fliips  there  commonly  adjuft 
the  price  of  flaves  on  the  one  fide,  and  ot 
Jiuiojfii  gootis  on  the  other,  with  the  king 
of  great  Po/'o;  and  it  no  fliips  come  thither, 
they  fell  to  thole  of  little  Poj:v.  But  their 
greateft  piofit  accrues  Irom  the  fifliery  of 
their  river,  and  trading  with  the  lilh  in  the 
neighbouring  nations. 

The  prelent  king  of  Pupa  is  a  tall  well- 
Ihap.d  man,  having  fometliing  in  his  niit  n 
above  the  common  HLuk' :  he  is  generally 
drcfled  ill  a  long  gown  of  brocadel,  an  ofiir 
cap  on  his  head,  and  very  much  relpedted 
by  his  people.  It  is  the  cultom  there  tor 
the  king  always  to  eat  by  himtell. 
,,j„  His  houlc  or  palace  is  very  large,  con- 
filling  of  abundance  of  I'mall  huts  round 
his  apartment  •,  which  is  in  the  remotell  part 
of  all  the  buiiilings,  difpoled  in  luch  a  man- 
ner, that  to  come  at  it,  you  mull  pal's  thro' 
three  courts,  each  having  a  guani  ot  Ibl- 
diers;  in  the  farthermolKif  which,  are  the 
king's  lodgings,  adorned  with  a  pavillion, 
which  ferves  the  king  to  cunverfe  with  the 
principal  men  ot  the  nation,  and  his  own 
officers. 
u;ky  This  prince  has  many  handfome  women, 
""•'  two  of  whom  ifand  alw.iys  by  iiim,  with 
farvs  in  their  hands,  to  cool  him.  He  tpends 
the  btll  pan  of  the  day  in  fmoaking  tobac- 
co, and  talking  either  with  his  own  wives, 
or  with  his  officers,  or  other  notable  per- 
fons  of  the  country. 

HiB  wives  are  maintained  in  the  palace, 
with  variety  of  incut,  fowls,  tice  and  ^X)- 
tatoes. 

In  1682, 'he  maintain'd  w.ir  againft  the 
Block,  of  Motile  or  Cc/j?,  and  thole  of  </<)</«, 


7t(  (in^. 


who  obliged  him  to  make  peace  with  the Baubot. 
king  of  Pida,    to  avoid  being  fubdued  by  ^-^V^ 
their  joint  forces  :  and  tome  time  after,  he 
joined  in  league  with  the  king  of  Pida,  to 
attack  the  country  of  Ccto ;  but  how  they 
fped,  I  was  never  told. 

The  natives  of  great  i'e/w  arc  much  likeTtotr-. 
their  neighbours  of  little  Prpo,  and  of  Coto, 
living  moftly  upon  plunder,  being  naturally 
thieves  by  protedion  ;  efpccially  when  got 
drunk,  they  Ileal  any  thing  they  can  come 
at  tiom  friends  or  toes:  which  temper  in 
then),  has  hinciivd  any  huropedi:^  but  the 
Diacb,  from  lettling  a  factory  at  Popo  ;  and 
brought  them  alio  to  have  the  king  to  adjuft 
matters  of  commerce  betwixt  them  and  his 
liihjedts,  being  bound  to  make  good  any 
irregularities  of  this  kind  to  each  party  •,  in 
imitation  of  the  pradice  ulc'd  at  Pida  and 
Ar.ir.i. 

The  Po/oji.i/is,   like.dl  other  5/<;ffa,  haverWf/?-, 
great  laich  in  their  priells,  which  are  there 
call'd  Doimne.      They  go  commonly  dretfed 
in  a  long  white  Irock,  always  carrying  a 
Hall  crooked  at  one  end  ;  and  each  trading 
tliip  nuill  jiay  the  Doini>:e  a  certain  toll, 
by  w.iy  of  free  gitt,  which  encourages  the 
bliicki  to  dil'patch  the  Europeans  as  cjuick  as 
pollible  ;  conceiting  that  the  priells   being 
lb  well  paid,  will  ul'e  all  their  intereft  with 
the  deities  ot  the  fea,  to  tavour   them  with 
calms  and  good  weather,  that  lb  they  may 
with  the  greater   f.icility   and  fafety  carry 
gooiis   and  flaves  to   and   trom    the  fiiips 
to  the  land,  and  thence  on  fhip-board  again, 
withou'  being  overfet  in  their  canoes.    And 
when  they   Ihip  oil'  llaves   in  their  canoes, 
they  have  a  priett  llanding  by  at  the  beach, 
who  llrews  land  over  the  llaves  iicads,  that 
their  deities  may  preftrve  them  from  being 
ovi  rfet  ill  palling  the  bar. 

The  houles  ,it  I'leat  Poto  are  built  in  the  „  , 
lame  lorm  as  at  (.dO-i  I'  era-:,  i  he  inland 
country  abounils  in  lundry  fruits  and  roots, 
and  in  cattle,  poultry,  LSc.  Near  the  Ihore 
the  land  is  all  over  niarlby  and  fwampy, 
as  has  been  oblerved  already, and  conlcquent- 
ly  tlat  and  low. 

F  I  u  A. 
■pROM  Pjfo-graiidd  .0  the  \)on  of Fida, 
•*■  the  coalt  extends  about  five  leagues  ealt 
north-eall,  the  little  town  of  Ody  orO/iy 
lying  betwixt  both  places  on  the  Itrand, 
about  a  quarter  of  a  league  ealt  of  a  little 
river  that  falls  into  the  fea  j  the  coalt  all 
along  almolt  inaccdlible,  byrealon  ot  the 
mighty  furf. 

The  village  Coulaui-ba,  with  fomc  otherr/%f;. 
hamlets  and  cottages,  are  leateii  on  the 
banks  of  the  river  'To'v,  which  runs  down 
irom  the  Ardra  country,  thro'i";^,  to  the 
ocean  at  Great  Popo,  within  the  land,  all 
along  the  Ihore,  at  about  a  quarter  of  a 

mUe 


:r i,'«:i  ,1,- „.-i.ii8.«<.jBJn 

■  -li^iwiiii 


524 


A  Defcripdon  of  the 


Book  IV. 


B/vftBOT.mile  diftancc,  but  fo  (IwUow,  that  it  is 
^■O/^'  ford.iblc  every  where;  and  by  its  overflowing 
uikI  flat  banks,  forms  the  morailcs  and 
fwamps  we  fee  for  leveral  leagues  together, 
extending  within  the  ihorefrom  G'>c;jt  Popo, 
to  -T,irsy  through  the  land  of  Fida. 

Above  CoulMii-ha  is  the  town  Jackahi, 
on  tlie  banks  of  another  river,  which,  as  it 
extends  into  the  country  of  J'-dm,  grows 
more  and  more  Ihallow,  till  at  lalt  it  i»  quite 
dry,  as  if  it  were  loll  in  the  fantls.  All 
the  above-named  villages  belong  properly 
to  the  country  of  /•/.(.;,  and  are  not  eafily 
perceived  from  lea,  but  from  the  top  malts 
of  fliips,  when  failing  near  the  fhore. 
L»ni-  The  belt  mark  to  avoid  ovcr-fliooting 

marki  »t  the  port  of  Fulu,  which  is  called  by  the 
tiJa.  l-'reiuh.  La  Pia\,\  is  in  failing  trom  before 
Popo-i^rai:d,;  to  Itier  along  thr  Ihore,  till 
you  lee  in  the  call  foi.r  or  five  lirife  trers 
ft.mding  fepararely  on  tlie  land,  forming 
a  fort  of  a  grove  together  ;  and  firtlur 
ealtward,  a  little  houl'e  on  the  beach,  near 
to  which  is  let  up  a  pole  or  Itaff,  tijr  a  (tag, 
and  about  the  ho  fe  there  are  ufiially  leveral 
canoes  let  dry  :  and  having  brought  the 
pole  to  bear  north,  then  calb  anciu/r,  as 
being  the  bell  ground  ;  for  fomewhat  f;r- 
iher  call  there  are  abuntlance  of  Hones 
under  water,  which  will  fpoil,  and  even 
cut  the  cables. 

The  Frciicb  fliips  bound  to  this  port  coni- 
inonly  fire  a  gun,  when  they  come  about 
three  leagues  call  of  Popo,  as  a  fignal  to  the 
/vrwc/j  fidlor,  refiding  at  lull,  which  they 
call  yttyd.i,  to  give  him  notice  of  their  ap- 
proach ;  and  the  laid  faftor  fends  immedi- 
ately fome  fervant  to  the  beach,  to  lioill 
up  the  white  Hag  :  and  I  believe  the  Fm^IiJ/.i 
laclor,  refiding  there,  does  the  fam.-,  when 
lliip^of  his  nation  appear  at  well ;  thellaH" 
being  common  to  them  as  it  happens. 
D^ngermii  1  his])lace  i.sextremely  dangerous  either 
Uiiai'i£.  to  land  at,  or  to  get  out  ot  it,  becaufjofthe 
dreadful,  horrible  furl  of  thi'  lea,  near  the 
Ihorc,  which  people  cannot  pal's  through 
without  running  the  hazard  of  their  lives,  or 
at  bed  great  trouble  at  ,\V  times  of  the  year  -, 
it  being  impollible  to  prevent  being  daflied 
•dl  over  with  the  (bam  ot  the  waves :  l.ut 
ina  more  ()articulir  manner,  in  April,  Ma\., 
JuneAxvSJuiy,  the  rainy  time,  for  the  break- 
ing is  then  foviol'.nr,  and  the  furges  of  the 
fea  (b  ve-y  high,  by  the  (hallownels  of  the 
water,  that  it  is  a  laying  here,  he  ought  ta 
have  two  irjcs  who  VcHlurrs,  and  etpecially 
in  that  feafon.  There  happ;n  frequently 
ver\-  difmal  a;  eidcnts,  iiy  ""he  ovcrfetting 
oi  the. bai  canoes,  tho'  ever  lo  well  mann'd  •, 
when  by  many  per  Ions  are  drownecl,  great 
quantities  of  go  )ds  arc  loll,  and  the  canoes 
otten  (battered  to  pieces  in  a  moment, 
torwh'ii  they  happen  to  overturn,  or  the 
fca  breaks   into  tiiciii,  lull  oi  people,  the 


greatelt  |jart,  even  the  rowers,  are  either 
drowned  or  devoured  by  the  nionllrous 
(harks  which  I'warm  amongll  the  ("welling 
wavcsot  the  oce.m  ;  tho'  generally  the  rowers, 
who,  for  the  moll  part,  are  M.na  Blncb, 
the  mod  (killful  of  all  tlie  Blacks,  by  their 
dexterity  in  Iwiniming,  may  perhaps  fave 
themfelve'i.  Such  accidents  happen  there  al- 
moll  every  day  in  that  (ealbn,  and  there 
is  no  Etiro/'t:!>i  f.itlor,  or  (lipercargo,  but 
wh.it  loles  coiifi  lerably  thereby  in  goods 
or  Haves,  can  led  to  and  fro  ;  befitles  tuat  it 
freqiienily  retards  ihe  dilpatch  of  their  (hips. 

In  thole  f uiie  months  the  tide  lets  (i  oni ,, 
the  call  (b  violently,  that  no  boat  or  fliallop  '""■"'^' 
can  Hem  it  by  rowing,  but  they  are  forced 
to  let  them  along  by  (licking  their  pole  in 
the  ground;  which  is  another  obllrudion 
that  detains  fliii)s  there  twice  us  long  as  is 
neclfiry  to  trade,  efpecially  for  (lavis, 
Were  things  otherwK'e,  ainl  the  acceli;  tu, 
and  rece(s  from  the  (hore  no  more  perilous 
and  tedious  than  it  is  at  many  ports  of  the 
Gold  Coajt,  it  would  be  a  [K'tfect  pleafuie  to 
drive  much  bulinefs  there  ;  for  when  oiicc 
l.inded  lafe,  the  charming  profpeCl  thi; 
country  alforiis  from  all  parts  at  about 
two  EiigUJb  miles  from  the  llrand,  i.s  a 
mighty  fatisfiiition  to  the  traveller,  cading 
his  eyes  about  to  LK-huld  the  pleafantnels 
o(  fo  fine  and  well-inhabited  a  country, 
after  the  dre.idful  haz.irds  he  has  run  in 
coming  to  it :  but  of  this  more  herealter. 

The  lo.lgis  of  the  E'lglijb  and  Frviuhj:  ■, 
y-//>/V/7«coinpuiies  are  I'eated  near  thcyW-midrtcKi 
\.\'gc  PcUcdu,  loniewhat  beyond  the  morali,  ;*'«/'(. 
and  the  country  from  thence  to  the  water- 
fide,  tor  two  miles,  being  all  flat,  low  and 
marlliy,  we  arc  generally  carried  thither 
trom  the  port  on  men's  Ihoulders,  ina  ham- 
mock, fdh.nei.1  toa  jJole  ;  tlie  bearers  being 
relieved  from  time  to  time,  all  the  way,  hv- 
Irelli  porters,  who  in  (biiie  places  are  aliiiolt 
up  to  their  Ihoulders  in  the  •/ater  oi  the 
fwampy  grounds :  but  the  fellows  are  lo 
ftrong,  and  tij  well  Ikilled  in  that  work, 
that  at  iiuh  places  they  lift  up  the  polt;, 
holding  it  much  above  their  heads,  oiithe 
palms  of  tlieir  hands,  .inil  thus  tccure  tlie 
perlbn  carried  in  the  hammock  trom  being 
wet. 

The  /•/(•;;./!)  f.idory  at  Pilleuii,  was  cita- 
bliflicd  by  one  Carolof,  in  the  llrvice  ot 
the  Frenih  It 'eli- India  comp:uiy,  with  ihir 
content  of  the  king  (A'  Fidn,  and  the  favour 
of  prince  B'hf  in  1671.  who  belides  grintwl 
him  the  permifiion  of  trading  in  this,  and 
the  Ardra  <  ountry  ;  that  part  of  Ardra, 
whith  borders  on  the  ocean,  having  then 
revolted  againll  its  Ibvereign,  and  juit  itielf 
under  the  protettion  of  the  King  ot  Fuia, 
which  very  much  obdrudcd  the  flaves'  trade, 
who  thereby  could  not  be  fhin'd  off  atO/J;;, 
a  town  on  the  river  oi'.irdra. 

French 


fumet 
t::a  ibl 


and 

king 

ping 

as  man 

i.-yvv\ 

prclent 

let  a  (he 

of  /;,•< 

v.'ith  hia 
by  tiie 
ri-.i,  an 
hell.iid 
conipaii 
ot  coiiir 
to  that 
Crdif, 
derable 
of  Fran 
care  ot' 
in  the 
liiftof  ^ 
Whc 
that  tht 
bt   put 
liver  the 
fent  to, 
part  to  i 
appjarei 
do.    Hi 
Vol. 


^%  W 


Slrmi  i:i, 


Book  IV. 

,re  either 
iionllrous 
;  Iwtlling 
lu'  rowLT;, 
i;rf  Blach, 

by  their 
haps  five 
II  there  al- 
and there 
:argo,  but 

ill  goods 
ides  tii.u  it 
;heir  lliip. 

lets  lioni 
;  or  fliallop 
I  are  forced 
iieir  pole  in 
obllruCliuii 
ks  long  as  is 

for  llavts. 
e  acctls  to, 
.ore  perilous 
ports  of  the 
L  plcafuie  to 
r  when  onee 
rofpetf  tlii; 
ts  at  about 
llrand,  is  a 
:ller,  cafliiig 

pleafantiiels 
1  a  count!  y, 
;   has   run  in 
re  hereafter. 
;  and  /v6'«itf F,ng';iT, 

[near    the  vil-an.irrcn;li 


Air 


the  nior.ds  ■,'"•/"■ 
the  w.iter- 
it,  low  and 
ied   thither 
in  a  hain- 
learcrs  being 
tlic  way,  by 
cs  are  a  1  molt 
Iter  of  tlie 
llows  arc  lo 
that  work, 
up  the  pole, 
leads,  oiithe 
fecure  tlic 
trom  beiiu' 


>uii,  was  cfta- 
lie  fcrvice  iit 
ly,    with  thi" 
and  the  favour 
elides  granted 
r  in  this,  and 
,irt  of  jirdra, 
,  having  tlien 
and  put  itlelt 
Kingof /•iii". 
le  (laves'  trade, 
MoffatO/'^i, 

French 


Chap. 


Coafts  of  SOUTH-Gu  INEA. 


3is: 


T  will . 
infert  t! 


•"rench  Factorv. 

»  improper  in  this  place,  to 
111)  cry  of  that  fettlement. 


fu.trril 
t:::i  till 


Imh''- 


I 

The  direc,  "  if  the  French  IFeft- India 
company  beir..^  ^.olved  to  fettle  a  faftory 
at  Ardra,  lent  thither  in  1669,  the  Ihips 
Jiiftke  and  Concord,  commanded  by  Du 
Boiux  i  11"'*  Carolof  {or  their  agent :  putting 
aboard  a  handfomc  prefent  for  the  king  of 
'jrdra,  confxfting,  among  other  things,  of 
a  fine  gilt  coach,  with  iuitable  harnefles  •, 
which  that  king  received  from  Carolof,  with 
great  latisfaftion,  and  immediately  caufed 
a  perminion  of  commerce  with  the  French 
nation  to  he  proclaimed  throughout  all  his 
tojntry  1  they  paying  his  duties  as  the  Hol- 
Uiid'is  had  don    tor  twenty  years. 

The  'Dutch  chief  fador  there  growingjea- 
jous  at  the  ellablifliment  of  the  Friiich, 
thwarted  it  as  much  as  he  rould  ;  which  fo 
incenfed  the  French,  that  one  thing  happen- 
ing alter  another,  on  that  account,  the 
ficlors  of  the  two  nations  fell  out  about  the 
honour  of  the  flag,  of  which  the  French 
fictor,  Mturid^r,  made  his  complaints  to 
the  king  of  Ardra  ;  who  being  unwilling 
todifpleafe  t\KDi(tch,  who  had  drove  a  great 
trade  in  his  dominions,  and  paid  him  very 
confiderable  culloms  for  a  long  time,  he 
behaved  himfelf  fo  artfully  in  the  quarrel, 
tliat  the  diiferences  between  the  two  rival 
faclors  remained  unadjulled. 

About    the    fame  time  that  prince  fent 
over  to  Frunze,  in  the  (hip  Concord,   Malleo 
Lopez^  a  Black,  one  of  his  minifters  of  (late, 
and  interpreter,   as  his  embalTador  to  the 
king  of  France;  who  accordingly  took  fliip- 
ping  itOjfra,  with  three  of  his  wives,  and 
as  many  ot  iiis  children  ;  a  retinue  of  fix  or 
I'.'ven  other  Riicks,  and  tiie  king  of /^n/ra's 
prelenf-,    of  a  very  fmall  value  ;  and  was 
let  alhore  at  Bl'pie  in  France,  on  the  third 
of  Dcccmlhr.   Thence  proceeding  to  Parii, 
with  his  retinue,  he  was  admitted  to  audience 
by  the  king,    at  the  palace  of  La  'TLmHe- 
rj.-j,  and  ilcerwards  maintained  all  the  while 
he  li.ii  1  at  P.nis,  at  ihc  cliarge  of  the  French 
tompany,  with  whom  he  concluded  a  treaty 
of  commerce  at  Ardra  -,  and  was  fent  back 
to  that  country  by  the  way  of  Havre  de 
Grace,   in  the  (hip  St.  George,  with  confi- 
di-rable  prcfents  for  his  mailer  from  the  king 
of  France,  which  were   committed   to  the 
care  of  Carolof ;  then  returning  into  Africa 
in  the  fame  (hip,  he  landed  at  Ardra  on  the 
firO.  of  O.tubcr  1671. 

When  arrived  there,  Lopez  pretended 
that  the  prclmts  for  his  matter  ought  to 
bt  put  into  his  hands,  that  he  might  de- 
liver them  ;  which  Carolof  would  not  con- 
fent  to,  fufpefling  he  would  divert  fomc 
part  to  his  own  private  ufe,  as  it  afterwards 
appjareil  the  crafty  Black  had  defigned  to 
do.  Hisrefufal  fo  incenfed  ihc  Black  cm- 
VoL.  V. 


ba(rador,  that  he  employed  all  his  intereftB^RBor. 
in  the  country  againft  the  French,  and  much  ^•^V'^^ 
diftrafted  their  afl^iiirs,  till  at  laft  Car.lofwas 
obliged  to  take  other  mcafures,  till  he  could 
fpeak  with  the  king  of  Ardra  ;  who  was  then 
bufy  appeafing  a  civil  war  in  his  own  do- 
minions, which  had  flopped  all  the  yufki 
for  carrying  down  the  (laves  to  Offra,  fo 
that  lefs  than  two  hundred  flavcs  were  fent 
down  in  fifteen  months  •,  a  thing  lb  pi  judi- 
cial to  the  Dutch  trade,  that  five  of  their 
(hips  were  fent  back  empty  to  Mina. 

Carolof  ha.\\,.  ,  before  drove  fome  trade  at  French 
Great  Popo,  fe.tled  there  a  faftory  of  his/adoiy  »t 
nation,  by  permilTion  of  the  Black  king,F"l»" 
upon  condition  he  (liould  pay  that  prince 
the  value  of  twenty  eight  (laves,  for  each 
fliip's  cargo  the  Frc-ch  afterwards  took  in 
there,  whereas  he  had  contracted  to  pay 
an  hundred  at  Offra.  Going  from  Pofio 
to  Fida,  the  king  of  that  country  gave 
him  a  very  favourable  reception,  granting 
him  the  liberty  of  trading  in  his  kingdom, 
with  airurance,  that  he  would  alw  ,ys  pro- 
tedt  \.\\zFrench  nation  and  intereft  :  where- 
upon he  refolved  to  fix  the  French  fartory 
at  Fxda,  removing  it  from  Ardra,  and  keep- 
ing the  king  his  mafter's  prefents  to  be 
fent  back   to  France. 

Another  reafon  which  induced  Carolof  to  ^'■'.l'"  f"" 
fettle  the  French  fadlory  at  FUa,  was  ^^■■'"f^'^^'^^ 
caufe  the  roads  from  Savi  to  Ardra  were 
then  open,  by  which  means  great  numbers 
of  (laves  were  brought  down  to  Fida  ;  the 
king  of  Ardra  permitting  them  to  pafs  thro* 
his  territories,  thereby  to  punilh  and  curb 
his  rebellious  (ubjeds,  he  making  his  own 
advant,ige,  whilft  they  were  deprived  of  the 
(lave-trade  at  Offra. 

Thus  was  the  t'aiftory  fettled  there   (or  Duty f»iJl. 
the  French  (Fejl- India  comp.my,  and  after- 
wards made  over  by  the  fame  to  the  Se- 
nega company,    whkh   at  this  time  keeps 
there  a  chief  factor  and  a  recolet  friar,  as 
chaplain  to  the  French  nation,  end  has  only 
one  iron  gun  at  the  gates,  for  lalutes,  when 
occafion  offers.     The  fi id  iVxt-^a  company 
pays   to  the   king    of  Fida,    the  value  of 
twenty  five  flaves  for  the  duty  of  every  (hip 
that   trades  there,    and  for   the  liberty  of 
wooding,  watering  and  victualling. 

The  goods  carried  a(hore  from  aboard  cA»r^n>/" 
the  company's  (hips,  are  convey 'd  on  the'''«"'«f«- 
backs  of  (laves,    from    the    fhore   to    the 
French  fadory ;    the  expence   whereof  a- 
mounts  to  the  value  of  five  or  fix  Haves 
for  a  cargo,  and  as  much   for  the  hire  of 
canoes,  from  the  lliip  to  the  beach.    Men 
there  work  very  cheap,  and  will  keep  upon 
a  trot,    with  a  hundred  weight  on    their 
heads ;  fo  that  a  fVhite  man  can  fcarce  keep 
up  with  them,  tho'  he  carries  no  burden. 
Each  load  from  the  (hore  to  the  French  or 
En^lijb  faftofies,  cofts  coinmonly  from  eight 
O  o  0  o  to 


if!:.;  !i 


^  mm 


3z6 


A  Defer  iption  of  the 


Book  IV.  I  Chap. 


m 


w^^ 


:,N"!" 


BARmiTto  twelve  pfnce,  according  to  its  bulk  and 
^^^Vi  weight,  which  is  always  exaftly  propor- 
tioned. 
rhfking  Tiic  rate  in  trade  is  generally  adjufted 
ir»iitijir/l.  w'lih  the  king,  ami  none  permitted  to  buy 
or  fell  till  that  is  proclaimed  j  whereby  he 
referves  to  himfclf  the  preference  in  all 
dealings,  lie  for  the  molt  part  having  the 
greatell  number  of  (laves,  which  arc  fold 
at  a  fet  price,  the  women  a  fourth  or  a  fifth 
cheaper  than  the  men,  Tiiis  done,  ami 
the  king'scuftoms  paid,  as  above  mentioned, 
the  fador  has  full  liberty  lo  traiie,  which 
is  proclaimed  througiioui  the  country  by  the 
king's  crycr. 
shtlli  the  The  mod  ufual  difference  between  the 
moji  idlu-  l7uropean  and  the  Fula  merchants,  is,  when 
""-•'  the  fatter  will  not  give  them  fuch  goods  as 
they  dem  ind,  cipecially  Ihiii^ii-i  and  CaKricS, 
which  are  the  money  of  tlie  country,  and 
what  they  are  moft  tond  of;  but  commonly 
this  is  adjufted  by  paying  pare  in  Caioiis, 
and  part  in  other  goods:  becaufe  fl.ivcs 
bought  with  Caurii's  cofl:  double  tlic  prii  c 
as  if  purchalird  with  other  commodities, 
efpeciallv  when  thole  fhells  are  dear  in  Eti- 
ropr,  the  p  ice  being  higher  or  lower,  ac- 
cording to  ti>e  plenty  or  fcarcity  there  h 
of  them. 
Tiicffii.  At  Other  times  the  king  fixfs  the  price 
of  every  fort  of  Europg.m  goods,  as  alio  of 
flaves,  which  is  to  Hand  betwixt  his  fubjects 
and  t'oreigners ;  and  therefore  no  European 
muft  go  there  to  trade,  without  wailing  on 
him  before  he  prellimes  to  buy  or  fell. 
Sjvi  lorcn.  That  prince  generally  rcfules  at  i'.rj;',  a 
town  about  tour  miles  diltant  up  the  inland 
from  the  village  of  Pillcaii.,  at  the  entrance 
into  a  wood  ;  whither  ihe  fadors  and  fuper- 
cargoes  repair  upon  their  arrival,  with  a  true 
coi)y  of  the  invoice  of  goods  they  have  to 
dilpofe  of,  out  of  which  the  king  picks 
liich  as  he  has  oa'afion  for. 
standtrJcf  The  proportion  of  trade  is  commonly 
adjufted  by  the  two  (landards  of  iron  bars 
and  CaurieSi  for  valuing  of  all  other  com- 
modities. For  example,  a  flave  is  rated 
at  one  Alcove  of  Bougin,  or  Caiirii-s ;  the 
Alcove  confifting  of  fifty  Galiiuis,  both  of 
them  proper  mcafures  of  the  country,  which 
makes  about  fixty  pounils  weight  French, 
by  the  Blacks  there  called  Guonhoilon,  and 
is  about  four  thoufand  of  thole  ftiells  in  num- 
ber. The  other  rate  is  fifteen  bars  of  iron. 
This  regulation  being  agreed  on  by  the 
king  ana  fattors,  the  gocxls  are  brought 
albore,  and  carried  on  men's  backs  to  the 
French  houfe,  whither  the  king  hirnfelfre- 
pairs,  or  elfe  fends  his  fattors  or  agents. 
When  he  has  chofen  what  he  thinks  fit,  the 
nobility  or  prime  perfons  nick  out  what 
chey  have  occafion  for,  and  alter  them  every 
other  Black  ;  and  then  every  buyer,  king  or 
iubjed,  pays  the  faftor  the  number  of  flaves, 


trtiit. 


according  to  the  amount  of  the  goods  each 
of  them  has  fo  pitched  upon. 

As  the  flaves  come  down  to  Fida  from  the  p„„;  . 
inland  country,  they  ;'.re  put  into  a  booth,  d/y.Ui,')'* 
or  prifon,  built  for  that  purpofe,  near  the 
beach,  all  of  them  together;  and  when 
th^  Europeans  Mt  to  .'cccive  them,  they  are 
brought  out  into  a  largi;  plain,  where  the 
furgcons  examine  every  part  of  every  one 
of  them,  to  thefmallLli  member,  men  and 
women  being  all  ftark  naked.  Such  as 
are  allowed  good  and  fouml,  are  fet  on 
one  fide,  and  the  others  by  themfelvcs ; 
which  flaves  fo  rcjefted  are  there  called 
Afacbcns,  being  above  thirty  five  years  of 
age,  or  defedive  in  their  limbs,  eyes  or 
teeth  ;  or  grown  grey,  or  that  have  the 
venereal  difeafe,  or  any  other  imperfedlion. 
Theic  being  fo  fet  afide,  each  of  the  others 
which  have  palfed  as  good,  is  marked  on  iho 
bre.ill,  with  a  red-hot  iron,  imprinting  the 
mark  of  the  7rc';<7j,  Ei:iilij(',  or  D//^6  com- 
panies, that  lo  each  nation  may  ilillinguini 
their  own,  and  to  prevent  their  being  ch.in^M 
by  the  natives  for  woife,  .is  they  are  a])t 
enough  to  dn.  In  this  particular,  care  is 
taken  ;li,ii  liic  women,  as  tendereft,  be  nut 
bu:nt  too  hard. 

T'he  brand.d  flaves,  after  this,  arc  re- n,;,,,,^ 
turned  to  their  former  booth,  where  thcNiifJ. 
faftor  is  to  fuhfift  them  at  his  own  charge, 
which  amounts  lo  aboiir  two-pence  a  ilay 
for  each  of  them,  with  bre.id  ami  water, 
vdiich  is  all  their  allowance.  There  they 
continue  fometiines  ten  or  fifteen  d.iys, 
till  the  k.\  is  ft  ill  enough  to  fend  them  a- 
board  ;  for  very  often  it  continues  too  boillc- 
rous  for  lo  long  a  time,  unlefs  in  Jmu.uk, 
I'cbniary  and  Alarcb,  which  is  commonly 
the  calinell  feafon :  and  when  it  is  lb,  the 
flaves  are  carried  off  by  parcels,  in  bar- 
canoes,  and  put  aboard  the  lliips  in  the  road. 
Bctbre  they  enter  the  c.inoes,  or  come  out 
of  the  booth,  their  former  Black  m.iftcrs 
rtrip  them  of  every  rag  they  have,  widiout 
diftinttion  of  men  or  women  ;  to  fupply 
which,  in  onicrly  fliips,  each  of  them  as  ihey 
come  aboard  is  allowed  a  piece  of  canvas, 
to  wrap  about  their  waill,  which  is  very 
acceptable  to  thofe  poor  wretches. 

I  defign,  in  the  llipplenunt,  to  give  an 
account  how  the  flaves  arc  to  be  lubfi(leJ/i„ 
and  kept  aboard,  for  their  better  prel'erva- 
tion  ;  and  muft  here  atid,  to  conclude  thi'! 
difcourfe  of  the  flave-trade  at  Fida,  that  in 
the  aforelaid  months  of  January,  February 
.ind  Alarcb,  which  are  the  good  feaibn, 
Ibips  are  for  the  moft  part  foon  ilil'patclv.'il, 
if  there  be  a  good  number  of  flaves  at  hand  ; 
fb  that  they  need  not  ftay  above  four  weeks 
for  their  cargo,  and  fometimcs  it  is  done 
in  a  fortnight. 

The  fila/ks  of  Fida  are  fo  expeditious  atjf.,..., 
this  tradv  of  flaves,  that  they  can  deliver  a/;i-' 

thoullind'"'' 


Prttirja- 


Book IV.  I  Chap.  I.  CoapofSourn-Guii^EA. 


joodseach 

f.j  from  tiler,,,,,,.. 
:o  ab()otli,«/j;4i„. 
,  near  the 

and  when 
1,  they  arc 

where  the 

f  every  one 

r,  men  and 

Surli   as 

are  fet  on 
ihemfclves ; 
there  called 
ive  years  of 
bs,  eyes  or 
uit  have  the 
npertcftion. 
if  theother<:, 
irked  on  the 
printing  the 

Di(t'b  com- 
y  ilidinguilh 
eing  ch.ingM 
tliey  are  ,ipt 
iilar,  tare  is 
crell,  be  not 

this,   arc  re-  d,;,,,,,^ 
,    where  thciwW. 
own  charge, 
pence  a  day 
d  antl  water. 
There  they 
1  fifteen  days, 
nd  tlum  a- 
■s  too  boillc- 
in  "/iii.unr^, 
commonly 
It  is  lb,  the 
els,    in  bar- 
in  the  ro.iJ. 
r  come  out 
ick  maftcrs 
';•,  wi'.hout 
to  fupply 
hem  asihty 
of  canvas 
hich  is  very 


t 
:e 


C-IAt  l> 


to  givean^,^,,,,,... 

be  lubfiftcuyjo, 
:ter  prel'erva- 
:onclude  thii 
'/i,V,  that  in 
-■),  I'ch'-uan 
rood  feaibn, 

difpatched, 
ivcsath.uul  ; 
e  four  weeks 

z%  it  is  done 

:pcdiiious  atj;.,,-, 
Ian  di'liviT  a/.'i-.f.  ■" 
ihoufand'"'' 


thoufand  every  month,  in  cafe  tJiere  be  no 
Ihips  at  "Jacktn,  in  great  Jnlru,  about  three 
leagues  and  a  half  eift  from  the  pore  of 
/-Wd!  which  makes  a  conHdcrable  alteration, 
becaiile  the  king  of  great  yhtlra,  thro'  whole 
country  they  mult  of  iiecefiiiy  pafs  down, 
when  the  Ihips  are  at  Jackiii,  to  favour  his 
own  (X'ople,  commonly  iliuts  up  all  the 
paUcs  to  t'lda,  which  puts  the  Ardra  men 
upon  dealing  underhand  with  thofc  of  I'ulu, 
liio'  the  two  kings  are  inveterate  enemies: 
but  when  tiie  king  of  Antra  leaves  the  com- 
merce open,  then  it  f^ourilhes  at  FuUi. 

If  there  happen;;  to  be  no  ftock  of  (laves 
at  hula,    the  fadtor  mult  trult  ihc  Blacki 
witli  ids  goods,  to  the  value  of  a  hunilred 
and  fifty,    or  two  hundred   flaves  i    whiih 
woods  tluy  carry  up  into  the  inland,  to  buy 
llaves,  at  all  the  markets,  tor  above  two 
hundred  leagues  up  the  country,  where  they 
are  kept    like  cattle  \n  Europe  \  the  (laves 
fald  there  being  generally  prilbners  of  war, 
t.iken  Irom  their  enemies,  like  other  booty, 
and  pi-rhips  ibme  few  Ibid    by   their  own 
cminuymen,    in  extreme  want,    or  upon  a 
famine  \    as   alio  Ibme  as  a  punilliment  of 
heinous  crimes  :    tho'  many  Europeain  be- 
lieve that  parents  (ell  their  own  chddren,  men 
their  wives  and  relations,  which,  it  it  ever 
happens,    is  lb  Icldom,  that  it  cannot  juttly 
be  charged  upon  a  wjiole  nation,  as  a  cullom 
and  common  practice. 
.•jciii  (/     Some  KurojH-an:   there  would  alio    per- 
il i.s    fuade  me,  that  the  inland  Blacks  oi  /)</,<  are 
man-eaters,    and    that  at  a  town  about  a 
league  above  Savi,    there  is  a  market  for 
llaves,  where  at  the  time  of  a  violent  famine, 
tiicy  fidd  them  fatted  up,   to  be  (laughti  red 
like  heal'-.,    and  their  quarters  exixjled  m 
the  (h.inihie..,  to  be  eaten  ;  but  1   will   not 
anlwer  tor  ciie  truth  of  it  :  but  only  obferv.-, 
that  among  the  many  flaves  we  carry  tl-.cnce 
to  Jma-'ica.,  there  are  many  of  the  Ovt-o  and 
B'V.in  /Hacks,  imjilacable  enemies  to  thole 
of  .irjrii,    who  are   pofitively  prepoflllVcd 
with  the  opinion,    that   we  tranfport  tin  a\ 
into  our  country,   in  order  to  kill    antl  e.it 
them :    which  itrangc  notion  fo  far  alietfs 
ronie  of  tiieni,  tliat  they  rel'ufe  all   manner 
of  fuftentnce,    whatlbever   we  tan  tlo  to 
[htm  -,    and  lb  (larve  to  ileath,    of  which 
more  herea Iter.     This  Ibmewhat  induces  mc 
to  believe  ihey  arc  ufed  to  eat  human  tlelh 
in  their  own  country. 
i..,j       Some  authors   reprefent    this  country    of 
u'lm^-Fiiia,  as  belonging  to  the  king  of  great  .h- 
'''       lira,  whole  territories  they  make  to  begin 
at  the  frontiers  of  Renin  eallward,  and  ex- 
tend them  to  great  Pojo ;  but  it  is  a  millake, 
for  the  kingdoms  of  /•';,/,)  and  forry  are  be- 
tween   Polo    and    Anlra;     that   ot     I'uia 
lurdering  weftward  on  great  rnjo,  and  ex- 
te.iding  along  tlie    fliore   to   that  of  '7o/vy 
eaft>^ard,  being  about  four  leagues  and  a 


3^7 

half  tliltancc.    Torry  is  a  little  ftate  by  itfelf,  Ba r dot. 
having  but  one  fea-poit   town  or   village,  l^^i 
called  Foulaii,  thecircuinlerenceofthe  whole 
country  being  but  four  leagues,   but  inde- 
pendent of  the  kings  of  ArJra  and  Fida, 
tho'   extremely   inferior    to  them,    both  in 
wealth  and  power ;  for  Ardra,  tho'  but  of 
a  very  fmall  extent  along  the   coaft,    that 
is,  from  Torry  to  Benin,    yet  it  is  a  very 
large  fpacious  country  northwards,  up  the 
continent,  reaching  to  tho  kingdom  of  W- 
kuiiiy   on  the  north,    which  is  under    ten 
degrcesof  north  latitude.     L'ikamy,  accord- 
ing to    a  very  modern    author,     borders 
northward onthe  country  of  Lamum,  which 
reaches   the  tame  way  to  the  kingdom  of 
Guber,  and  that  again  to  the  S:gijmes  lake, 
or  the  Ni^er. 

Some  fay  the  kingdom  o(Fidu,  or  Ouidah,  v\ii  king' 
by  the  i'/('w/.;called  7/rV/.',  islcarce  fixtcen •''""/''""'• 
leagues  in  compals  •,  (jihers  will  have  its 
extent  along  the  fliorc,  to  be  ahoiit  ten 
leagues,  including  therein  the  land  of  7b»Tv  •, 
that  in  the  middle  it  runs  fcven  or  eight 
leagues  up  the  inland,  extending  th.nce  like 
two  arms,  in  Ibme  [ilact  s  eleven  or  twlve 
miles  broad,  and  in  others  much  narrower, 
lb  that  it  is  not  pollible  to  give  an  exadt 
account  of  its  circumference.  There  is  no 
quetlion  but  that  it  is  extraordinary  po- 
pulous, being  letted  between  Popogrande, 
Ardra,  Torrs,  .md  the  lea,  intbmuch,  that 
in  one  village  al.nu;,  as  tor  inflance,  Suvi, 
the  king's  refidence,  or  thole  others  of  his 
chief  officers,  and  p.jrticularly  the  viceroy'i 
village,  there  are  as  many  inhabitants  as  in 
a  wliole  ordinary  kinj^dom  on  the  Gu'd  Coafl  ; 
and  the  land  is  w^ll  (lored  with  thofe  large 
\ill.iges,  belides  a  v.ill  number  of  Imall 
ones,  which  are  all  over  the  coantry,  Ibme 
not  ,1  quarter  of  ,in  tiig'ijh  mile  trom  each 
other  •,  becaufe  thofe  who  live  out  of  the 
great  towns,  btiild  and  fettle  where  they 
think  belt  :  lo  that  each  family  may  be 
well  fud  tv)  Hll  ;i  whole  vill.i:!;e,  as  it  en- 
civalcs  antl  muliipliis,  tVoiii  a  tingle  houle 
or  tenement  itw.is  at  lieginiiing  :  and  upon 
great  emergeiuies  the  king  can  I'.raw  tt)ge- 
iher,  two  hundred  thoufand  lighting  men, 
to  ll-rve  him  in  his  wars. 

The  traveller  is  no  fooner  got  aOiore  Delic/it» 
there,  but  he  behok's  a  beautiful  mc Adow -  ccmiry. 
grounii,  about  half  a  league  otf:  and  mo- 
ving forwards  up  the  land,  for  an  hour  or 
two,  betwixt  the  numerous  villages  and 
hamlets  he  is  to  pafs  by  on  all  fides,  the 
ground  int'enfibly  rifing,  as  it  does,  and 
looking  back,  he  isdelighted  with  the  fined 
profped,  that  imagination  can  (uggeft;  con- 
fiilering  the  great  number  of  villages,  con- 
fiiting  of  feveral  houfes,  which  are  round  at 
the  top,  and  encompallLtl  with  mud-walls 
or  hedge.  -,  together  with  the  great  number 
of  all  forts  of  tine  lofty  trees,  which  feem 

de- 


il! 


fil.  'i:l!l;i!i.iii'-alii| 


''  '   \  I'H'i 


',.  i' 


f'X^. 


■''  J 


m 


?2.8 


A  Defer iption  of  the 


Book  IV. 


BAunoT.defigneclly  planted  in  regular  order:    and 
^•^V"^  the  country  being  covered  with  a  beautiful 
verdure,  cither  of  paftureground  or  trees, 
and  richly  ftored  with  corn-fields,    and  o- 
thers  of  beans,  potatoes  and  other  fruits,  fo 
clofe  to  each  other,   that  in  fomc  places 
there  is  only  a  narrow  foot  path  left  un- 
tiilcd,  for  the  convenienty  of  jTaflengers. 
The  natives  arc  fuch  good    hulbands  of 
their  ground,  that  they  leave  no  p^rt  there- 
of walte,  but  fow  and  plant  it  with  one  thing 
or  other,  even   within  the  hedges  which  cn- 
clofe  their  townsand  villages-,  and  the  next 
day  after  they   have  reaped,  they  low  the 
ffme  groun>'   aga-n  :  and  this  from  the  vaft 
•'Ititud         leople  inhabiting  the  country, 
I    '  -el  kibliftitall  well. 

'"'  '^"7  '^p  rational  to  conclude,    from 

*     •''^■?'- the  .1  have  given  of  tiie  j^reat 

bcai.     .    „i'>d  i.i.",i'"'.ntnjls  of  tills  country, 
that  V  mull  bi        "  ret  ilwell'ng    for  tu- 
rofeam  ;    wiiich  how^  ^er  it  is  not,  bccaufe 
from  the  fw.-.mpy  marfliy  grounds,  extend- 
ing about  half  a  league  in  breaildi,  between 
the  llraml,  antl  the  village  of  Pilleau,  ami 
lb    call    and  wirt    all  along   the    lliore  of 
Fh'.n,    the  fun  extradls  malignant  vapours, 
which  tlie    fea winds  fpread  all    over    the 
country,    occafioning  many    dillempers  in 
Eurofcim  :  few  efcape  with  life,  oratleaft, 
being  taken  very  ill  with  violent  pains  in 
the  llomach,  which  often  degenerate  into 
burning  fevers, a'fended  with  great  deliriums; 
others,  who,  •  y  rtafon  of  their  rtrong  con- 
ftitution,  have  lived  there  feveral  years, with- 
out being   much  incommoded  by  the  bad 
air,  fall   into  iuch  dilcafes  at   fea  in  their 
return  to  Europe,  and  die  miferably  in  their 
p.iff.ige  home,  cither  of  dreadful  tholieks, 
or  by  the  blooiiy  flux.     This  our  doctors 
do  attribute  to  the  crudity  of  the  fruits,  and 
the  great  Ireflinefs  of  the  fpring-water  of 


Ft  da  \  and  efpecially  to  the  drink  of  that 
country,  a  fort  of  beer  called  Petaw,  which 
fo  alters  the  nature  of  the  blood  in  them, 
that  when  they  come  to  breathe  another  air, 
it  creates  thole  diftcmpers  in  them. 

Whatever  the  caufe  may  be,  it  concerns  Ff,,,,. 
every  European  that  lives  there  to  u!c  great"""/' 
Ibbriety   in  every  thing  ;    to  cat  little  at  a*"' " 
time,  but  often-,    and  drink  ft  rone  liquors 
but  very  feldom,  and  that  very  moderately: 
to  be  careful  not  to  expofe  himfelf  to  the 
mildew,  nor  in  the  rain-,  nor  to  the  fcorch 
ing  rays  of  the  fun  -,  nor  to  give  himfelf  to 
the  violent  exercife  of  hunting,  but  to  keep 
well  covered  in  bed  in  the  night,   which  i^ 
generally  there  cool  and  moilh 

The  Ipring-water  up  the  inland,  is  very 
light,  clear  and  fweet :  that  which  is  taken 
out  of  the   pits,    betwixt   the    river   Tarv 
and  the  fea-fnore,  ferves  for  the  fhips  crews 
is  fweet  enough,  eonfidering  it  is  fo  ncir 
the  fea,  tiu)'  the  natives  will  not  drink  it, 
becaufe  it  is  drawn  out  of  wells,  twenty  or 
thirty  fathom  deep,    and  but  fix  or  eit^ht 
foot  in  circumference  ;    fo  that  no  fun  can 
warm  it,  and  is  thereby  raw,  and  as  cold 
almoft  as  ice;  and  that  they  account  very  un- 
wholefome   in  fo  hot  a  country  as  this  is. 
They  pretend  the  ufing  fuch  cold  water, 
but  for  a  few  days  together,  would  occafion 
fevers ;    and  thence  it  is,  that  all  the  people 
there,    the  flaves  not  excepted,  drink  only 
beer  ;  of  which  more  hereafter. 

Our  failors  commonly  hale  the  watcr- 
caflcs  to  and  fro  with  ropes,  tying  three  or 
more  together,  and  fo  tow  them  thro'  the 
furf,  which  is  very  hard  and  perilous  work, 
but  it  cannot  be  done  otherwife. 

The  natives  fetch  the  wood,  or  fuel  for 
our  fliips  from  the  inland  forefts,  and  fell 
it  to  us,  being  commonly  the  ftunips  and 
roots  of  ofier,  and  other  llirubs  or  bulhes. 


C  H  A  P.    II. 

TrodtiB  of  the  earth  at  Fida.  Cattle.  T'awe-fowl.  Wild-hcafts.  Jj'ild- 
fo7vl.  Jccount  of  the  natives  \  their  courteous  behaviour  ;  their  evt- 
ploymctits  ■'  their  ill  qualities;  their  habit.  Wives  and  chiUre/i.  Courfc 
of  inheritance.  The  king ;  his  family  and  government.  His  revenue. 
His  wives.  The  king\  death,  j^cople  of  V'lda.  no  good  fuldiers.  Their 
•u-'eapons.  Contra^s-  Funerals.  Shells  ufed  for  money.  Slaves.  Keep- 
ing of  accounts.    TUvtfton  of  time. 


Uiiiil' 


TiriUitj.  ^  I  'H  E  fertility  of  Firla  far  exceeds  all 
jI  I  h'vc  fiidof  th"  countries  along  the 
Gr/ld  Cnajl,  both  in  producing  pl.ints  of  all 
forts.  ;ind  in  fe -ding  all  forts  of  earrje,  and 
wild  heals  ;  ;is  will  appear  by  the  follow- 
)!vg  defcription. 


Product  of  the  Earth. 
'T'HE  corn  is  there  of  three   forts;  thC|njj„ 
*     firft  is  the  large  maiz,  or  Indian  wheat,  wkitt. 
which,  tho'  not  altogether  fo  large  a  grain 
as  at  the  Grid  Coaff,  is  neverthelefs  as  good, 
and  ferves  the  natives  lor  brewing  of  two 

forts 


{»u. 


0;:'(t 


Chap.  . 


forts 
low 
iiiak 
I" 

niilh 
year, 

at  til 

who! 

I'.uli 

bel'or 

crop 

th.it . 

kit : 

p.irtl) 

ncigii 

thcr-s, 

otcafi 

obligi 

iLigc  I 

their  ( 

ing  a 

nuTitii 

Ciii'o  I 

[iin'il  I 

get  th 

filial! 

the  tri 

luhlilt 

long  fi 

'liii 

ihel-'iti 

tiT,  as 

wiieat, 

which 

all  the 

The 

.llfo,  M 

fci  oiul 
this  mi 
aiomi 
Icvcn 
Midi 
wheat 
that  it 
Bcli, 
of  the 
which 
it  may 
Guiiic.i 
as  this 
with 

Yarn 

come  n 

have  of 

the  /-;,/ 

much. 

Sni.i 

plentifii 

i'ort  wl; 

cakes, 

that  101 

the  cot 

As  t( 

oranges 

Vol 


Qrm  fit 


Chap.  2. 


Coafts  of  South-Guinea. 


329 


>;,;;«• 


forts  of  beer  i  and  therefore,  they  do  not 
tow  lb  gre.it  a  quantity,  bccaufe  they  do  not 
make  bread  ot  it. 

The  Icconil  fort  of  corn,    is  the  fmall 
niilho,  or  millet,    which  they  Cow  twice  a 
vc.ir,  but  at  one  time  more  than  at  another  : 
jt  the  time  when  they  Tow  the  molt,    the 
whole  land  is  lb  full  of  it,  that  fcarcc  a  foot- 
puh  is  kept  untill'd,    as  I   have  oblerved 
before,    which  yieitis  them    a    prodigious 
crop  i    and   ni'vcrtiuiLfs  it  often  happens, 
th;it  at  the  end  of  the  year,  tlu'y  h.ivc  none 
\c\i  ■  nay,  Ibnie  ye.irs  it  has  fallen  lij  fhort, 
p.irtly  by  their  lUling  great  tiuantities  to  the 
nuiglibouring  nations,    great  Pops,  and  o- 
thcrs,  as  I   iiavc  hinted  before,  that  it  has 
occafioned  violi  nt  1  amines  in  I-'iiLi,  lb  as  to 
oblige  ,\  free  Black  lo  fell  him  Uf  into  bon- 
iligc  to  avoid  rtarvingi  ando'l  jrs,    to  lit 
tlitirown  flaves  at  libirty  for  evtr,  not  be- 
ing able  to  maintain  them  •,    as  has  been 
nu'iiiionid  in  the  foregoing  delcripiion  of 
CiU'o  yi'filf  and  Ruf.fcj,  to  have  olten  hap- 
ntn'd there.    Atfuili  times/'.'H'(//£,;«fIiipscan 
get  their  complete  cargo  offlaves  lor  a  very 
fmall  matter ;    nay,  even  for  ivnliing  but 
the  trouble  of  carrying  tlivm  on  board,  and 
fublilling  them  •,  .is  it  happened  to  fome  not 
long  fince. 
SJ.-.I5)      Tiiis  fmall  millet  is  the  corn,  of  whicli 
"'-'    \.\\tl-ulafuiHS  make  bread,  boiling  it  in  wa- 
ter, as   the  Goid  Coajt  nun  do  their  IihUan 
wheat,    and  never  bake  it  in  ovens :    Ibr 
which  realbn  not  one  oven  is  to  be  Teen  in 
all  the  kingdom  of  /'/'■/.(. 
The  third  fort  of  grain,   is  a  fmall  millet 
r'mif"  alio,  which  iloes  not  growonrtalks,  like  the 
fi'tond  fort,  but  in   the  nature  of  oat-ears: 
this  millet  is  ot  a  rcddifli  colour,  but  lb  long 
acoming  to  maturity,  that  it  isabove  fix  or 
feven  months  in  the  ground,  and  lerves  the 
Blmki  only   to  mix  with  the  large  Iihlian 
wheat  to  brew  with  ;  they  being  ot  opinion, 
that  it  addsllrcngth  to  the  beer. 
Btlides  their  common  boiled  bread  made 
MJttii.  of  the  linall  millet,  they  alio  ule  potatoes, 
whicli  are  there  lb  prodigious  plentiful,  that 
it  may  well   be  laid,    the  whole  coatl  of 
Guiiic.i  doth  not  produce  I'uch  a  quantity, 
as  this  fmall  country.  They  eat  the  potatoes 
with  all  torts  of  victuals,  inltead  of  bread. 

Yams  are  but  very  indifferent  there,  and 
come  nothing  near  tlie  goodiiels  of  what  we 
have  of  this  root  at  the  Gold  Coajl ;  and 
the  Fuiafi.ms  do  not  admire  nor  ufe  them 
much. 

Small  beans,  of  fundry  forts,  are  very 
plentiful,  which  they  call  Jcraes.  Of  one 
tort  whereof,  the  Etiropeaih  there  make  oil- 
cakes, as  light  as  any  in  Holland  ;  where 
tliat  lort  ot  cakes  is  very  much  cfteemed  by 
the  common  people. 

As  to  Bifiiimi,  Backoven,  or  Indian  figs, 
oranges,  lemons,  citrons,  pepper,  and  all  the 
Vol.   V. 


Im« 


Other  fruits  of  the  earth,  which  the  GoW  Cofl// 1' a iuiot- 
produces,  thcfe  grow  there  alto,  and  as'^V^' 
good,  if  not  better.  But  onions  and  gin- 
ger, and  elpecially  the  former,  are  not  very 
plentiful  i  which  perh.ips  may  proceeilfrom 
the  little  value  the  natives  put  on  them  : 
for  it  has  been  experienced,  that  many  of 
our  Zittro/ii'ii;;  feeds  ot  cabbage,  turnips,  car-  ; 

rots,  r.idilhes,  Si>iiiiijlj-i.\i.\\\h,  parfly,  forrcl, 
i£c.  thrive  very  well ;  and  it  is  therefore  fup- 
posM,  that  our  lalletting  would  fucceed  as 
well,  if  carefully  cultivated,  the  foil  being 
lb  gooil  as  it  is. 

It  produces  abundance  of  tamarind,    oxTum/irmJi 
iniligo-trets,  and  Ibnie  other  truit-trees  un- '""'"^'•f''' 
known  to  us  •,  ami  the  fruit  lb  very  inditVc- 
nnt  in  the  talte,  that  it  is  not  worth  while  to 
lay  more  of  it. 

The  indigo,  befides  its  great  plenty,  is  at 
leall  as  good  and  as  line,  as  that  ot  Giiali- 
nulla,  or  any  other  wc  find  in  the  A";!/'' and 
ll'(jt-lii:!iis,  it  not  bc-itrr.  The  natives  dyC 
all  their  clothes  therewith  Sut  w.ilfe  three 
times  as  much  ri  it  as  ,  w  i' 1  do,  it 
they  were  better  Ikill'd  in  .  le  i'      7;-trade. 

There  is  great  pie  "y  o;  dm-trees 
throughout  the  whole  ,  ■  ry  i  -n.'  the  na- 
tives not  being  ton.'  'f  p  (m-wine,  or  at 
belt  but  few  ot  thei.  ni'ik.'jg  it,  very  lit- 
tle is  extradled  Iron  tlv.:  ;  ■'ut  they  are 
ferviceable  to  the  vopleof  I-'ida,  to  draw 
oil  from  them.  /  r  '.e  pardon  palm- 
tree,  which  is  allb  \  j  <  tmmon  there,  tho' 
the  wine  of  it  is  to  much  valued  at  the  Gold 
Coiijl,  as  has  been  before  hinted,  thefe  peo- 
gle  being  generally  uled  to  drink  beer,  va- 
lue them  only  tor  their  wood  ;  which  be- 
ing durable,  they  ule  it  for  buildings  £3'". 

In  fliort,  conrideriiig  the  if.  tility  and  na- 
tural propel cy  of  the  Ibil  of  Ild.i,  it  may 
well  be  luppoled,  that  not  only  all  lor(s 
of  Afrkdii,  hut  alio  many  Europran  Iruits, 
might  be  there  produced  to  I'.itislaction. 

C    A     T     T     I.     E. 

T^  H  E  cattle  at  Fula,  as  oxen,  cows 
*■  goats,  Iwine  and  flieep,  are  not  ditVe- 
rent  in  lliape  from  thote  ol  the  Gold  Coajl, 
but  infinitely  better,  moie  tlelhy,  and  of  a 
more  relilliing  talle -,  their  pallure-grounds 
anil  meadows  afloiding  as  good  a  nourifh- 
ment  as  in  Euro  re. 

The  common  price  oF  an  ox  or  cow,   \s^''"i'f 
from  eight  to  ten  crowns,  a  fat  Iheep  two, "" 
a  good  goat  one,  anil  a  hog  two  crowns. 

Horles  are  pretty  common,  but  not  muchHsr/cj. 
better  or  finer  than  thole  mentioned  at  the 
Gold  CoaJl,  and  generally  fold  for  fitteen  or 
fixteen  crowns ;  being  of  very  little  lervice 
in  a  long  journey,  and  toon  tired. 

Tame    Fowl. 

A  S  to  the  tame  fowls,    they  have  only 

■^  turkeys,  ducks  and  duckf.ns:    of  the 

P  p  p  p  two 


I    '      I 


':\m 


'4M 


H 


V-'. 


w 


( l(t  <   •>. 


,-,  i'l.;;,- 


It,!  t 


■'i:i&-.   ■ 


■  J  «,J 


7M 


W^' 


3P 


A  Defcripthn  of  the 


Book  IV I  Chap 


fifii 


Tltrttt- 

Jnn. 


Crown- 
birjs. 


B 


BAKBoTtwofirft  no  gr«t  quantity,  but  a  prcxli- 
^■^V^  gious  number  of  the  l.itter.  The  chickens  are 
fmall,  and  yet  very  plump,  flefhy  ami 
fweet,  at  about  fix-pence  a  piece,  if  bought 
for  goods,  which  is  threc-penCe  prime  coft  ; 
('«/«« #/■  but  if  bought  for  tobacco  pipes,  we  hive  tiiere 
a  good  pui  let  for  three  pipes  of  fin/fl/'MW  inaicei 
and  it  is  propcrforany  F.uropean  lea-faring  per- 
fon  who  poes  that  way,  to  carry  a  good  quan- 
fity  of  our  common  pipes,  which  will  rdl 
there  from  four  to  two-pence  a-piecc. 

W  I  I.  B  Beasts, 
A  R  I'"  not  very  numerous  there  \  but  f.ii- 
'^*'  ther  up  the  country  there  arc  multituiles 
of  elephants,  buHaloes,  tygers,  and  m  my 
otiicrs  :  as  alio  deer  ot  liver.il  torts,  where- 
with I-i.i.i  is  not  very  well  lloek'd,  beiaufe 
of  the  incredible  number  ol  people  living 
fo  dole  nigetliLT. 

There  i-.  a  Ibrt  of  creature  much  rd'em- 
blingahare. 

W  I  I.  n    Fowl. 

l!T  tlu/l()ur- looted  animals  are  not  I'o 

very  plentiful  in  litla,  wo  n>.iy  lav  tKe 

whole  land  Iwarnis  with  wild  Ibwl,  geele, 

ducks,  Inipes,    and  many  other  (peues  ot 

e.i'able  birds,  all  very  good  andeheap. 

It  is  I'ufficient  there  over  night,  to  order 
a  native  to  go  a  fhooting,  to  have  the  next 
day  at  noon  a  couple  of  dillies  of  (owl, 
which  will  not  cod  above  a  dozen  pipes. 

Turtle-doves  are  fo  plentiful  there,  that 
a  good  fliooter  may  kill  an  hundred  or 
more  in  .1  morning  and  evening  1  that  is, 
ir.  about  fix  hours  time. 

Birds  of  prey  arc  likewife  numerous,  but 
not  in  luch  great  variety  as  on  the  Hold  ('.nail; 
and  to  mention  their  feveral  forts,  would 
hi:  repe.'.ting  what  has  been  liiid  eltewhcre. 

I  mull  add  of  the  crown-bird,  farther 
than  what  has  been  laid  of  it  at  the  Gold 
Co.ijf,  that  the  body  is  about  the  bignefs  of 
a  [Hillet,  the  neck  and  legs  fliort,  the  eyes 
and  eye  lids  hairy,  the  bill  fliort  and  thick, 
which  as  well  as  the  legs  is  very  Jtrong, 
and  proper  for  feizing  of  its  prey. 

Fish, 
"T"  H  F.  (v.i,  about  the  coaft  of  Full,  bc- 
■■■  ing  lb  full  of  Iharks,  as  I  have  obfervM, 
affords  no  great  plenty  of  good  fiHi;  and  the' 
it  did,  the  natives  would  be  very  little  the  bet- 
ter for  it,  there  is  fuch  extraordinary  danger 
from  thedieadfulfurf,  which  runs  all  along 
the  iTiore. 

But  the  two  fine  large  rivers,  which  run 
thro*  the  country  of  Ftda,  (the  one  pafTing 
to  the  two  Pofo's,  little  and  great,  at  weft- 
ward,  the  other  by  Jackin,  to  the  eaft:)  are 
fo  richly  ft;ored  with  fifh,  that  befides  the 
great  conveniences  the  natives  receive,  of 
being  fo  plentifully- provided,  the  kind's  du- 
ties arifing  from  it,  amount  yearly  to  the 
valae  of  near  two  hundred  flaves. 


Natives  c/  Fida. 
•TP  H  E  people  ot  Fuln  of  both  fexcs,  are 
*•  generally  tall,  hilly  and  welllimbM; 
not  f(»  jet  fhining  black  as  thofe  ot  the 
GcUCottjl,  and  much  lefs  than  thole  of  .SV- 
ncgn  and  Gamboa  \  but  far  more  indultrioiK 
and  laborious,  evni  to  excels  and  covetoiil- 
nelsi  exceeding  them  all,  and  others  of  the 
Guiiieiiiis,  in  good  and  b,  '  qualities. 

In  good  qualities,  bflides  their  ftcady  ap-h;,,)!,;,,, 
plication  to  work  and  iiuluftry,  wl.ercas''''''';"' 
the  Gold-Coajl  lila,ks  indulge  themieh fs in '"■''•  ■ 
(loth-,  they  are  all,  from  the  highed  to  the 
lowed,  extremely  courteous,  civil  and  offi- 
cious to  all  Eurof,tin>,  being  very  engagiuct 
in  their  behaviour,  and  diflcrent  from  all 
other  Bituh,  who  perpetually  tei/.e  us  for 
DaJ/'ss,  or  prcfcnts  •,  whereas  thcfe,  on  the 
contrary, require  nothing  beyond  a  morning's 
draught,  being  of  that  noble  temper,  ih.u 
they  had  rather  give  than  receive.  In  th: 
trade  we  ha"e  with  them,  they  arc  wtll 
pleated  we  diould  acknowledge  the  gojil 
offices  they  have  done  us  iho',  on  the  other 
hand,  they  are  very  fond  of  their  ancient 
ciilloms. 

In  civility  to  eai'h  other,  in  fome  parti-  Exit,,.,, 
ciilars,  thcv  almoll  equal  the  C/'/Wi-yi-,  who"')- .rj 
are  fo  full  of  manners  and  formalities,  to  a'' "/'"•'■• 
nicety,  even  in  trivial  matters.     The  inferior 
there  is  lb  rcfjiedlful  towards  his  fupcrior, 
that  we  are  at  firll  furprifed  to  find  luchpo- 
litenefs   on  a  I'udden,  among  thofe  people, 
who  are  fo  little  diftant  from  the  Cold  Cr^Jf, 
where  the  people  are  lb  very  defcftive  in  that 
point. 

Coi'RTEOvs  Behaviour. 
TF  any  one  of  the  /•ifJ,;//V/«.(  vifits  his  fii- 

perior,  or  meets  him  by  chance,  heim 
mediately  kneels  down,  and  kifTesthegioiinil 
three  feveral  times,  claps  his  hands,  willifs 
him  a  goodiiay,  or  a  good  night,  and  con- 
gratulates him  ;  .ifhidi  the  other,  eitlurfir- 
ting  or  (landing,  or  whatever  polb.iri-  he  is 
found  in,  barely  anfweri,  with  clapping  his 
hands  Ibltly,  and  wiHiing  the  other  a  good 
day;  and  when  extraordinary  civil,  willfiy, 
it  is  enough  :  and  during  all  that,  the  for- 
mer remains  kneeling,  or  prollratc  on  the 
ground,  till  the  other  departs,  unlefs  .'"ome 
affair  call  him  away  ;  if  fb,  he  liegs  lea-;', 
and  retires  creeping  on  the  ground  ;  for  it 
would  be  thought  a  great  crime  to  fit  ujxm 
a  chair  or  form,  in  jirelcnce  of  one  above 
himfelf 

Children  pay  the  fame  tefped  to  their 
parents,  wives  to  their  hufl)ands,and  yoimj^er 
to  elder  brothers,  and  none  of  them  will  de- 
liver or  receive  any  thing  to  or  from  his 
or  her  foperioT,  otherwife  than  on  their 
knees,  and  with  both  hands  to^ntier, 
which  is  a  fign  of  the  greateft  fubj  rtiiii. 
And  if  they  (peak  to  an^y  fupcrior  as  aKree 


BooKlvl  Chap.  2.  Coa/is  <?/ South-Guinea. 


33* 


th  ffxcs,  arc 
well  limbM; 
thoft;  ot  ilic 
I  tliolc  of  S,: 
■e  imlullrioiK 
md  covftoul- 

others  ol  tlie 
ulitk-s. 

eir  ftc.viyap-r.vri, ., 
try,    wl'crc.is-'''' •"■ 
themlirhts  in '"■''• 
hij^hclt  to  the 
civil  andoffi- 
■cry  cng.iging 
rent  from  nil 
y  tcizc  us  for 

thclV,  en  the 
id  a  morning's 

temper,  ih.it 
reive,  In  the 
ihey  arc  wtll 
Ige  the  good 
,  on  the  other 
f  their  aneicnt 

in  fome  parti-  ixio^i. 
:  Chinefe,  who"'!".'.! 
rmalitics,  to  a'' "'"'■'■' 

The  interior 
s  his  fiiperior, 
o  find  iurli  po- 
;  tliofe  people, 
the  Cold  Cr;>J!, 
efeftive  in  thit 


'lOUR. 

.(  vifiti  his  fii- 
lance,  hcim- 
ifRs  the  ground 
lanils,  willies 
iglu,  andcon- 
llur,  either  fir- 
r  pciltua-  he  is 
1)  clapping  hi^ 
other  a  good 
|civil,  willl'.iy, 
that,  the  t'or- 
Irollrate  on  the 
unlefs  .'bmc 
iic  hcgs  lea-',', 
^  ound  •,  for  it 
me  to  fit  iiixm 
|of  one  »lwve 

efpeft  to  their 
^s,and  younper 
them  will  de- 
lo  or  from  !iis 
than  on  their 
Ids  to^itH'r, 
left  fiibj  rtiin. 
trior  as  abo-vc 
iVui, 


Aid,  their  hand  is  alwtys  held  before  thcir 
mouch,  for  teur  their  breath  lliould  offend 
him  or  her.  Among  the  Hebnvvit  the  fa- 
thers had  the  permilTion,  by  the  law,  to 
fell  their  daughters,  ExJd.  xxi.  7.  but  that 
falc  was  a  fort  of  marriaj^c  •,  as  it  was  for  a 
lime  with  the  Romans.  They  had  power  of 
lite  and  death  over  their  children  1  it  is  true 
they  were  not  allowed  to  ufe  this  preroE;ative 
fo  rigorouily  of  their  own  authority,  a'^i 
the  Romans  did,  without  the  concurrence 
of  the  magiftrate.  The  law  of  Gixl  only 
permitted  parents,  after  they  had  tryedall 
their  private  domelUck  rorredlions,  to  ac- 
cufe  their  ion  before  the  fenate  ot  the  town, 
as  rebellious  and  debauched  •,  and  on  their 
complaints,  he  wis  fentcnced  to  death,  and 
fton'd.  That  lame  law  was  pra(flired  in 
AtbfHs,  and  foiuided  on  this,  that  children 
holding  their  lives  from  their  lathers,  and 
it  being  fuppofed  that  no  lather  could  be  li) 
inhuman  as  to  proiure  his  own  Ion's  death, 
unlefs  he  were  guilty  of  molV  horrid  crimes, 
children  were  kept  in  entire  fubmillion,  and 
conftquently  paid  all  due  honours  and  re- 
verence to  their  parents. 
Cit'tt'i  Wh(  n  jierfons  of  an  et]ual  condition  m;-et, 
»«»"»  they  both  fall  down  on  their  knees  together, 
'H'-  clap  liandi,  and  reciprocally  falute,  williiiig 
each  other  a  good  day  ;  which  ceremonies 
arc  alfoexaftly  obferved  bv  their  attendants 
or  coinpanions  on  cither  fide,  and  are  very 
pleaf.mt  to  obfcrve. 
f,^„j„  When  a  confiderable  piTfon  fnee/.es,  all 
l-Miti  that  arc  prefent  fall  down  on  their  knees  i 
and  alter  having  killed  the  ground,  anil 
clapiietl  their  hands,  wilh  lum  or  Ik  rail 
prolperity  and  luppinefs. 
s.Min^  II  an  inferior  perl'on  receives  a  prdcnt  from 
i;.i",'"i'One  above  himltdl,  he  clajis  it  between  his 
iiuuls,  and  alter  killliig  the  ground,  returns 
thanks  very  refpeiitfully.  In  Ihort,  iu> 
people  in  the  univerle  are  more  precife  and 
nice  in  paying  reverence  and  honour  to  fu- 
periors,  than  this  nation  •,  in  which  they 
vallly  dilfer  from  the  GoLlCoaft  BLiks,  who 
liardly  know  of  any  rank  or  dillinclioii 
amongft  tlienifclves  ;  and  live  like  be.ills  in 
that  particular. 

As  to  their  king  I  Hull  liercafter  obferve 
what  great  honour  and  fubmillion  they  all 
pay  him,  even  to  adoration  :  his  pretence  is 
to  them  fo  awful,  that  with  a  fingle  word  he 
makes  them  tremble ;  tho'  on  the  other 
hand,  as  loon  as  he  lias  turned  his  back, 
they  feem  10  forget  their  great  fear  of 
him;  and  not  much  regard  his  commands, 
as  very  well  knowing  how  to  appcale  and 
delude  hitn  by  their  lyes. 

Thnr  Emi'loyment. 
%'■    TT  ^  P-  '^'"g'  2nd  a  few  of  the  great  men 
o{  Rda,  do  not  till  or  liiwthegroimd, 
tt  other  Guinean  kings  do,  in  iiwie  paxt*  i 


but  excepting  tliofe  few  pcrfons,  every  body  Rau  hot- 
there  mnids  ajjriculture,  being  .iHltteil  by  l^W 
tlicir  wives,  children  and  flaves,  fpinning 
of  cotton,  weaving  of  fine  cloths,  making 
ofcalabalhcs,  wooden  velfels,  fmith's-wares, 
javelins,  ami  fevcral  other  handicrafts  •■, 
which  thefe  BUicki  have  brought  to  a  greater 
pcrfcdlion  than  at  the  Goltl  Cnuft:  befidcs 
which,  they  have  foine  trade  unknown  to 
the  others,  being  more  ingenious  and  labo- 
rious than  they.  The  fubftantial  men,  bc- 
fides  hulbandry,  drive  a  confiderable  trade, 
as  well  in  Haves,  as  all  other  valuable  mer- 
th.indi/e. 

Th-jy  till  their  ground  by  hand,  and  lay 
it  in  high  liirrows  lor  lowing  their  corn, 
as  we  do  in  many  parts  of  Englaihl. 

The  fem.de  lex  are  no  lefs  indullrious  in  ni.irks//i» 
their  proper  callingsi  for  bclidesallilling their"'"- 
hulbands,  or  |)arents  in  till.ige,  they  are 
perp.'taally  buly,  at  one  thing  or  other,  at 
honii-.  Til,'  iii.irried  women  brew  beer, 
drefs  viduals,  .lad  ir  ikc  lim.lry  Ions  of 
hampers,  balkets  .ind  other  like  utenfils, 
with  the  llr.iw  of //;./('.//; whe.it,  which  they 
cany  lo  market  tol'cll,  together  with  their 
IuiIIiukU  meiclian.li/e.  in  ihort,  men  and 
womenarevery  diligent  at  getting  of  money  j 
each  ihivingto  out -do  ihe  other  ;  which  is 
the  reafon  thev  all  live  lo  plentifully  ;  nay 
even  fplendidly,  tor  fuch  Barbarians.  As 
well  the  meaner,  a>  the  higher  fort  of  people 
eat  of  the  bell  each  can  get  for  his  money  •, 
and  if  that  happens  to  fail  them,  they  will 
work  hard  at  any  thing  whatever,  even 
for  fmall  wages,  as  has  b.-en  hinted  before, 
rather  tli.m  lul'e  the  opportunity  of  getting 
money,  to  fpend  it  again  that  w.iy  :  for  ge- 
nerally they  ,11  love  their  belly,  and  will 
not  work  with  an  empty  one  ;  whireas 
the  (in!, I  CoAil  />'.,/i/ij  grudge  to  IkIIovv  a 
fmall  matter  for  eatables;  if  they  think  any 
thing  too  dear,  tluy'il  h.ive  none,  .md  are 
well  plealed  to  be  withuut  a  good  iiiorlid. 

ll.hir    1 1. 1.    QlfAl-lTIES. 

AS  to  tluir  bad  quilities,  they  are  wa  Mi.ltinJt 
cowardly  in  battle,  as  the  other  Bhicki'/"'^"' 
ot  (iuD.c.i,  but  tar  more  luxurious  i  thole 
of  the  Co!. I  Ccai'l  contenting  themlelves  with 
one,  two,  three  or  four,  .mi\  the  confidera- 
ble perfoiis  with  twenty  wives  :  but  there 
an  ordinary  man  has  thirty  or  forty  ;  the 
great  ones  fix ty  orleventy  ;  and  the  chief 
office  rs  and  commaoderi,  fome  one,  fome 
two,  fome  three  or  tour  hundred  ;  and  if  we 
may  believe  them,  tome  a  thouland  ;  and 
the  king  more  in  proportion  ot  his  dignity, 
becaute  they  think  it  a  great  honour  to  have 
a  vaft  number  ot  wives  to  fliow  themfeJves 
great  and  creditable. 

They  are  all,  except  the  king,  and  three c«m);«;. 
pr  four  of  the  moirt  cuiifider.dile  men,  the'*''*"- 
greatcft  »oii»ig&  cunning  thieves,  that  can 

be 


IMi'lJ 


if! 


•':l 


slfi 

.,i5(f;  ■,ij'i 


■,:il-,i!: 'M!: 


332- 


A  DefcriptioH  of  the 


Book  IV. 


n\uii(>r.bc  im.igincil,  wiihout  exception  j  thrreinfir 
'"^V^^  exiailin^  our  f-rtrn/v.//;  pick -pockets.  No 
(hip  ol'  any  n.uioii  wh.itli)cvcr  can  lomc 
tiiitluT  without  In  ing  rohbcil  oi  {^ooils  to 
a  confuici-able  value  i  for  the  l'.Hrop{(tni 
biiii^  ol)!!^^!  ti)  make  uH*  of  Bl.uki  to 
carry  their  yootis  from  the  !>  ach,  to  the 
village  V.jr/,  ab  I  have  faiJ  In  fore  •,  anil  from 
tiiat  village  to  the  (liore  aj^ain,  tlio'  thi-y 
be  mver  fo  dole  watched  and  attended  all 
the  way,  whit h  is  three  good  lcay;iie';,  tholl- 


readily  play  away  all  they  ar,*  maftcri  of  i 
and  when  all  is  lolf,  lonie  will  very  bru- 
tiOily  firlf  flake  wife  ami  children,  and 
alter  that  their  land,  and  their  own  Iclves 
fi)r  (laves. 

II  "-» 

I  I    A     11    I    T. 

nrlll'    men  are  generally   much    bcttcrO/»,„. 
*     ilothed,  thin  thole  (A  lUe  GoU  Co:iJI. 
They  wear  five  or  fixdotlw,  all  of  dirtcreni 
forts,  ime  .ihove  the  other  •,  the  u|)[X'rmi)ll 


vill.iins  will  find  an  opportiiniiy  to  .lailieir     of  which  is  about  eight  or  nine  y.irils  long. 


part  1  and  if  they  hap|X'n  to  he  t.iken  in 
the  fii't,  they  ,ire  lo  bell  .is  to  tell  us, 
wec.innot  think  they  would  work  lo  hard  .is 
liiey  ilo  t'orliu  h  linall  fd.iries,  .is  we  com- 
monly .illow  them,  if  they  h.ul  not  the  li- 
b.rty  ol  pilfiiiig  our  goods. 
l'/li>irt,  ef  For  an  inftani  e  of  their  great  dexterity 
''"i"ltx-  hciein,  tho' (i)mc  f.ittors  have  their  fiiyV-j, 


tirti^. 


Tlncxn 
froitilcJ 


in  fni.dl  barrels,    fewed    ii[)  in   lacks,  tlr.' 

/i/id-',  as  tiiey  i.irry  them  along  the  way, 

lilt  the  lacks,    anil  dig   out  tlie  Ikiy.'s,  at 

the  chinks  of  the  b.iriel,  with  ,in  iron  eliillil. 
Other  fai;t()rs  had  their   wareluiules  rilled 

of  what  goods  and  provilions  they  kept  in 

llieni,    and   yet  the   laid  w.inhoiifes  were 

found,  .iPter  the  robbery,  wi  11  freiired  with 

locks,  .md  very  firm  .iiul  doli.-.     In  lliorr, 

tluy  are  .icquainted  with  many  llveral  ways 
of  robbing  and  llealing:  the  moll  common 
is,  to  make  a  hole  in  the  root  of  ware- 
houfes,  which,  as  all  other  habitations  heie, 
are  covered  with  reed,  and  d.iy  or  mud, 

to  prevent  firing ;  and  thro'  that  hole,  by  made  of  them,  and  confequently  are  only 
nic.insof  a  Jiolc,  with  .in  iron  hook  at  the  very  fine  and  neat  in  tlieir  drefl'es,  both  men 
enil  of  it,  they  draw  out  the  goods.  and  women,  but  not  lo  rich  asthebdl  lure 

Ilcnre  it  isth.it  the  Kuiopcaii  factors  arc     of  the  GoliiConil  people,  who,  a   h.is  b.cn 
.dways  I'ufpicious  of    them,     and  as  much     oblerved,    are  all  over  adorned   with  idols 
vipon   liie  watch  as  they   can  pollible  ;    tor     rings,  anil  other  gold  trinkets. 
tlio'  they  may  compl.iin   to  the  king,  and  I'erfons  of  all  ages  and  lexes  the  re,    go 


decently  wrapt  about  their  body,  but  no 
perlon  is  allowed  to  wear  red,  it  being  the 
peciili.ir  (oloiir  of  the  king's  family  cxdu- 
iive  to  all  others- 

The  women  alio  wear  many  cloths,  one'V^w 
over  anothei ,  each  of  them  being  .ibout  an 
ell  lont;,  and  they  buckle  the  two  ends  on 
their  bellies,  covering  the  polleiiors  very 
dole  i  but  are  li !  in  lo  loole  a  manner  before, 
tiiat  if  the  wind  blows  a  little  fielli,  wli.ii 
modelly  reijiiires  to  cover,  is  often  expolcil 
to  \iev.-.  Ihey  f.iy  this  falhion  of  drels  ii 
the  women's  invention,  lor  their  own  conve- 
nicncy  ;  it  is  ,is  ealy  to  guels  what  they  mean 
by  it,  as  unbecoming  to  exprels. 

Thole  cloths,  betides  whit  they  make .\» f.i./ „ 
themldves,  which  are  very  fine,  are  coin-/''''"" 
monly  Indian  cliints,  white  l.ircener,  ami 
brocidd,  lold  the.n  by  the  luirupcaus. 
But  gold  and  filver  being  metils,  they 
are  not  .leiiu.iinted  with,  as  well  as  their 
value,    they    never    wear    any  ornaments 


■/■/..•  kiui 

tnerft  tn 
them. 


C»mtjliri 


lie  gives  order  to  fearch  after  the  thieves, 
to  iHinilh  them,  few  or  no  perl'ons  dare 
inform,  for  fear  of  fome  of  the  principal 
men  of  the  court,  who  commo;dy  l]i.iie 
with,  and  are  ready  to  proted  the  |■oguv^. 

The  king,  who  isavery  tree,  open, plain 
man,  and  a  great  promoter  ot  tr.idc  in  his 
dominions,  knowing  lb  well  as  he  does,  that 
his  people  are  generally  t.iinted  with  this 
vice  of  Healing,  has,  on  fomc  occafions, 
oxprelfed  his  diflike  of  it;  but  as  he  cannot  very  hardy, 
remedy  it,  unlcfs  he  punilhes  the  whole 
nation,  he  is  not  wanting  to  warn  our 
fadors  of  it  i  telling  them,  that  hii  jub- 
jel-li  are  not  like  thoj'e  of  Ardra,  and  other 
circumjacent  countries,  ivho  ufon  the  leiiji  tim- 
braa^e  received  from  the  Europeans,  Wiuld 
foifon  them.  Hut  I  advijc  you,  fays  he,  to 
take  particular  care  of  f,ur  ^ocdi,  fir  ihe/e 
people  IC'in  to  he  horn  cx/ert  Ihievei;  and 
will  rob  yu  "fevfry  thin^  ibi'\  can  come  at. 

Asafirtlier  infliuice  of  their  bd  q  laliiies, 
1  fliall  add,  they  arc  very  great  gamclltrs,and 


always  svitli  their  heads  dole  lliaveil,  which 
at  firll  view,  and  before  wi'  are  iifed  to  it, 
looksvery  odd  1  and  lb  they  go  in  the  rain, 
tlie  wind,  the  fcordiing  fun,  or  any  other 
weather,  witliout  cvei  covering  their  he.iJi,. 
The  men  of  what  age  locver,  have  always 
their  be.irds  dole  lliaved  alio,  which  makes 
them  all  look  much  youngir  than  they 
really  are  :  and  .is  to  their  being  fo  nakeil 
headed,    it  is  certain  that  ule  makes  tlicin 


Wives  and  Ciiilurev. 
p  V'F.RY  man  may  marry  as  many  wives  .v«m^r», 
as   he  is  .ible  to  maint.iin,    and   Ibmc/'""'"- 
h.ive  married  their  own  danghttrs.     Thus 
[KiKw  Buiiki    have  a  muhi'ude  of  children, 
llity  lieing  commoidy  lioui  lully  men,  and 
the  wom  n  no    harun  v  .mdall  e.itini;  and 
ilrinking  vi  ry  wdl. 

Some  ni  n  have  .diove  iwo  hundred  chil- 
dren, ami  do  not  ac.  ount  it  a  large  tiiniily 
to  h.tv>;  lixiy  or  kvinty  alive  •,   nay,  it  i.as 

bem 


,Ml 


/.I.  ^^•''•" 
they  I 
they  I 
ilition 
li;,'nili 
itinv  i 
tiled  i 
Til 
lime 
it  at 
or  tei 

"'•"»/■  as  in 
with 
vilioii' 
wives 
tluir 
til'-  kn 
olFci  I 
[  II 
of  ,/. 
the  be 
and  (In 
being 
womci 
Tilt 
dine 
do'j'  o 
fro  r, 
wn.. 
Vo 


BookIV.  B  Chap,  i-  CoaJIt  of  South-Gvinea. 


m 


very  brii- 
ilri'ti,  and 
own  lelves 


uili   better o/"". 
Gold  Coiijl. 
ot'ilitVcrtiit 

yiirils  \on^, 
,ly,  liut  no 
t  Uini^  tin- 
niily  cxilu- 

cloths,  one "/'•.'■'• 
ic;  aliout  ,m 
two  ends  on 
Icriors  vtiy 
mntr  belorr, 

titib,  wli.it 
lUii  ixpoled 
1  ot  drcis  \% 
r  own  I  onvi- 
it  tlay  mean 
Is. 

tbi'Y  in.ikcN'f'i' 
DC,  are  i  i)m->""'""' 
irccncr,  and 
(,•  l:uropc\iiis. 
Ktds,  they 
Will  as  their 
.y  orn.iini'nti 
|ntly  are  only 

s,  botli  men 

,tliebi:l!  lore 
l\as  been 
v.h\\  iilols, 

thiTC,     go 

ivcd,  whidi 

iilVd  to  it, 

in  the  rain, 

or  any  other 

their  heads. 

hive  always 

liicii  makes 
than  they 
ing  lo  nakcil 
makes  ilicni 


EN. 

many  wives  SHmfm 
;iiui   lonu-)"'"'"'- 
It'  rs.    'I'luis 
ot  ehiklrcn, 
\\y  men,  and 
Healini'  and 


luimlred  rhil- 

hirjV  l'..n'ily 

nay.  it 


.as 
bctn 


[.irn  known  there,  that  one  of  the  king's 
viceroys  adilled  by  his  tons  anil  (^ranchonH, 
with  tiieir  (laves,  has  repullcil  a  powcrtnl 
eneniy,  whicli  came  .ngaind  liim,  and 
made  all  toi^ether  an  army  ot  two  thoulimd 
fiiThtinn  nun  -,  not  rcc  koning  liain^htcrs, 
or  any  tiiat  were  dead.  Noiwitlillanding 
tiie  men  tlv  re  have  tiic  life  ol  many  wo- 
men, their  I'lxiiry  is  fo  very  extreme,  that 
tluy  liave  a  valt  luimhT  of  imbliek  liirlots, 
licenfed  to  prolUtiitc  themlelves  to  every 
body  at  a  very  chtai' rate.  Tiuifc  women 
keep  all  the  day  each  in  a  hut,  let  up  l<ir 
their  trade  at  ililtanees,  all  about  thcioun- 
trv,  julV  by  the  roads,  lor  the  iceommcuU- 
tion  or  convenieiuy  of  pallcn^ers  ot  wh.it 
loit  loever. 

'I'he  like  jiracHicc  was  tolerated  in /'iv//, 
by  the  /(;..n  Kinj.;s,  to  obviate  greater  evils, 
as  they  pleaded,  'rhole  Pcnivuin  whores 
lived  1'epar.itely  in  the  lountry,  in  lorry 
little  huts,  biing  viili^!;.irly  ealled  there 
Pamp.iiiruua,  a  n.ime  whieh  ilefii);n'd  then- 
abode  and  way  ot' living:  bui  luehwonun 
were  totally  exiliKJcil  the  company  and 
converlaiion  ot  hoiiett  women,  and  never 
jierinitteil  to  enter  into  any  town. 

Meiillruous  women  are  elteemed  to  un- 
clean, th.it  they  arc  not  admittcil  at  i'lda, 
into  the  king's,  or  otiicr  great  |K'rt'ons  houles, 
on  pain  of  death,  or  at  leall  perpetual  tla- 
vcry. 

They  circumcife  their  children,  as  the 
(MMii-  ^fiij,„„^.i,,if  jIo^  i)i]f  cannot  tell  us,  whence 

they  have  that  cullom  ;  all  their  .inlwcr  is, 
they  received  it  from  iheiranccilors,  by  tr.i- 
dition  -,  but  do  not  know  the  import  nor 
fignitiiMtion  ot  it.  Some  girls  are  allocir- 
cunv  ilal,  .is  I  have  obli;ved  it  to  be  prac- 
tifed  in  noith  Giiv:e.i. 

Tiiofe  m.hLi  dilfer  v;  ry  much  as  to  the 

time  ot  lircumcifing  I  liildriii  ■,  tome  doing 

it  at  tour,  five,  orlix,  and  others  at  eight, 

or  ten  years  ot  .ige. 

i,:,  ,„„t,     'I'o  return  to  the  women  }  they  are  there, 

v.'i.uj-  as  in  all  other  parts  of   Guiinui,     entrulted 

*'^'      with  thecare  ot  preparing  and  drefTiii^  pro- 

vil'ions  tor  their  finiily,  and  brewing.    The 

wives  ot  gre.u    per  Ions  commonly  wait  on 

tluir  hutb.mds  at  t  ilile,  and  lerve  them  on 

tlv  knee,  as  IS  praLililt'd   \n  Eir^lanJ,  by  the 

ofBcer'-  to  the  king. 

1  th,  have  occafion,  in  the  delcription 
of  ,h,.i  to  oblerve  the  way  of  brewing 
the  beer  ot  Indi.vi  wheat,  ot  baking  bread, 
and  drelling  urovifions,  to  which  Infer  ;  it 
being  dune  \\\  the  l.ime  manner  by  the /■'(,/(« 
women,  and  their  lioutes  are  the  lame. 

riie  great  men  and  prime  officers,  feldom 
dine  witiiout  a  guard  of  inufketcers  at  the 
doyol  their  houles,  who  fire  their  mulkets 
f.i)  n  [  .ne  to  time,  to  honour  their  mailers, 
wr. .  n  r.dly  love  the  noife  of  fire-arms. 
Vol.  V. 


lUI.W^. 


They  have  feveral  fortiofmufic.il  in Oru- (?.»•) -iot. 
ments,  and  the  noili-of  them  is  much  more  l^^J 
lupportablc  than  thole  of  the  Cold  Coaft ."'*'"'■ 
Ujion  occafion  ol  mourning,  they  do  not 
trouble  themlelves  with  a  dilmal  mufickas 
the  otiiers  do. 

Behaviour  in  Sickness. 

IN  ficknefs  they  are  yet  more  fuperfti- F»«' "f 
lions  than  the  other  Ul.iik\,  making  nu -''''"'• 
merous  ortetings  to  tluir  idols,  feveral  days 
fucccinvely,  tor  the  recovery  of  their  health, 
.md  no  lefs  te.irlul  of  deathji  which  m  ike» 
them  very  diligent,  in  the  ule  of  proper  mc- 
ilicines  to  cure  them,  if  polHble. 

As  to  their  olVering' ,  on  occafion  of  fick-  Flifi  «• 
nets  they  do  not  m.ike  them  in  their  own/'''''J*"- 
houles,  as  molV  of  the  /liuiki  .it  the  (loU 
Co  III  praCtife  it  ;  tor  tliere,  every  perfon  re- 
ferves  a  place,  in  the  open  air,  confecrated 
and  enclofed  with  reeds,  .ind  other  m.uerials, 
for  in.iking  his  ficiifices  and  oblations  on 
this   account. 

C'nntiMry  to  the  humour  of  the  GolJ-CoaJl 
/)'/,/(■(■(,  thofc  of  J'lJci  are  to  extraordinary 
jealous  of  their  wives,  that  on  .i  bare  ful'pi- 
cioii,  they'll  I'  II  them  to  the  irinli-i ;  and 
in  i.ife  any  i>erlori  delriiH  lies  a  rich  or  con- 
lider.ible  man's  wile,  the  offender  is  not  only 
punillied  with  d.'ath,  but  lometimes  his 
whole  family  is  fold  into  captivity  ;  and  no 
we.ilthy  man  there,  will  fiilTcr  any  other 
to  enter  his  wives  houfcs  •,  but  particularly 
the  king  is  very  fevi  re  in  this  regard,  as  I 
lliall  mention  here.dter  -,  whereas  many  Hlucks 
at  the  Gold  Coail  drive  an  open  trade  with 
their  wives  bodies. 


I 


Coiiyjf  of  K-MERITANCn. 

N  /•/./.i  the  eldell  Ion  (from  the  king  to 
t!ie  lowetl  r.mk  )  inherits,  not  only  all  his 
father's  goods  and  th.ittels,  but  his  wives, 
which  he  iil'es  a^  his  own,  excepting  his  own 
mother,  whom  he  lodges  apart,  and  allows 
her  a  futlicicnt  m.iinten.mceall  her  lite-time, 
in  cafe  the  is  not  in  .i  capacity  of  fubfilling 
by  her  felf. 

7w  Kino,    /.;;(    Family    and 
Govern  MEN  r. 
'T'  H  A  '1'  prince  may  now  be  about  thirty  ^^^   ^^^ 
*•     eight  ye.irs  of  age,   being  a  well-let,  ,„y„j 
vigorous,  fprightly  and  agreeable  man,  and 
has  a  large  fhare  ot  good  tenfe  i   is  of  a  molt 
generous  temper,  and  t'ubtle  genius,  always 
attentive  to  promote  the  trade  of  the  nation 
with  us  Europeaiii  ;  and  at  all  times  receives 
the  chief  faftors  and  captains  of  our  fhips, 
with   much  civility,    and  alter  a  very  en- 
gaging manner :    tor  befides  the  entertain* 
nient  given  to  them,  he  comr"  ily,  on  tuch 
davs,  the  better  to  exprels   '     fatibliiftion, 
bcftows  fuch   bounties  on  l.ij  own  people, 
Q_q  q  q  that. 


W'\ 


!>'* 


M. 


.iV' 


V;! 


m 


M*'i!l 


iff,   :■ 


ml 


K-'    ', 


1 1  [iii''-^ii* 


i'  .:         I 


m 


;%'! 


\t:^ 


M 

hh 


334 


y4  Defcription  of  tbt 


Book  IV, 


Barbot, 


CtaiiliiJe 


n.tiit.Ssc 


riLui. 


Tilt  king! 
good  tim- 
fir. 


that,  ir  we  muft  credit  the  Blacks,  fome  Eu- 
ropean vifits  coft  him  the  value  of  an  hun- 
dred, or  a  hundred  and  fifty  Haves  ;  and  he 
daily  prefents  tlie  Eurojeans  with  flieep, 
hogs,  fowl,  oxen,  bread,  beer,  fruit,  or 
what  the  feafon  alVonis. 

The  great  regard  lie  exprefies  for  tlic 
Ih'iuh  ami  l')ti/ch  fa(^tors,  efpecially,  pro- 
ceeiis  from  a  ieiilc  of  gratituiie  anti  aci<iK)\\'- 
letlgenicnt  ol  ilie  eminent  fervice,  the  l-'n-iu  h, 
Diittb  and  PortK^jiric  formerly  did  him,  m 
being  I'o  very  iullrumenta!  to  fix  him,  by 
tiuir  forces,  on  tiie  tlirone,  to  lii--  prejudice 
of  his  elder  brother,  who  was  not  liked  by 
tin  f'  F.:in,pt\iiis  i  he,  tho'  the  youngcil  foil, 
being  more  acceptable  to  tinm,  becaufe  of 
his  goodnature,  and  inclination  to  fa\'our 
trade:  which  inlLinccol  gratitude  in  a  Bar- 
barian, is  worth  oblerving,  lor  lie  is  never 
betttr  pleal'.d  than  when  we  alk  a  lavour  of 
him. 

lie  is  generally  habited  after  th,'  Mo-y.jb 
fidiion.  111  a  long  violet  nii<  gown,  and  fumt- 
times  of  gold  or  lilver  danialls  :  but  is  f  r 
tiie  moll  part  betn r  iii\  li!.\l  than  oidin try, 
when  he  go;-,  to  vifu  .my  ol  tlie  /'.'/ico/fV/z/j, 
which,  he  can  ilo  unfecn  of  any,  their  lotlges 
being  built  round  his  p.,iace  •,  with  whom 
he  lan  converle,  as  fpeaking  broken  Portn- 
giiifr,  or  Lingu.i  l-'raiua. 

I'he  Blacki  value  him  much  on  account  of 
his  being  very  religious  in  il'.eirwav  of  wor- 
Ihip ;  and  th.it  his  palace  is  all  owr  al;un- 
ilantly  furnillied  with  idols:  they  elleem  him 
alii),  bec.iufe  he  is  vailty  rich,  tho'  his  re- 
tinue IS  but  mean,  having  \ery  little  atten- 
dance, befidcs  about  three  or  four  hundred 
wives,  he  has  ilready,  as  young  as  he  is; 
and  lometimes  iiy  a  few  foldiers. 

His  palace  is \cry  ordinary,  tho'  Ipacious, 
asbiing  only  .1  heap  of  litdc  clay  hoiilc'!, 
or  huts  cikIoIc'iI,  without  any  order  or 
be.'.uty  ;  hut  tor  dilliiiction,  li.is  four  iion 
guns  niountec  at  the  gate,  with  a  gu.ird  of 
loldicrs  doing  duty  there. 

No  pcrlbn  is  to  know  the  hing's  lodging, 
fi)  that  if  an  Eiirotc.;n  afks  wiure  the  king 
l.iy  at  night, he  isanfwcrctl  with  this  (jueilion, 
frhere  dues  CiOci  l.ul^e  ?  which  (ignifu's,  hit 
{•ol'h'.c  for  II:  !o  kn'Av  the  kiiti^i  lu-ii-iliainl/rr  ? 
Whether  this  policy  is  to  gain  n  Ipcd  among 
the  people,  or  to  conceal  the  king's  perfon 
from  any  attempt,  is  more  than  I  can  decide. 

In  this  palace  is  a  large  roo:ii,  where  he 
gives  audience  to  foreigners  •,  or  is  infonned 
by  his  officers  of  what  happens  in  the  nation, 
to  give  his  orders  accordingly;  or  if  no 
bufinefs  occurs,  he  fpends  part  ot  the  d.iy  ,u 
one  fort  of  game  or  other,  being  a  wonder- 
ful gamefter,  as  are  all  his  lubjedb.  Me 
never  pliys  tor  money,  but  for  cattle,  and 
punftiially  pays  the  ox,  cow,  hog  or  fhe(  p 
he  lofcs  ;  and  if  he  wins,  does  not  ilefire, 
cither  fubjcd  or  £tfro/va«  to  pay  him.  When 


he  does  not  fit  there,  cither  about  bufinefs, 
play  or  dikoui fing,  he  keeps  at  home  a- 
nionglt  his  wives,  indulging  himfelt  in  fudi 
diverfions  as  they  are,  one  after  another, 
very  Ihidicis  to  afford  him:  and  being  ot' 
a  very  ijlealuu  humour,  .uid  good  conip.my, 
there  is  iome  loitol  l.iti.il.iCtion  in  Ipendirnr 
time  with  him  •,  for  he  willcoininu.dly  enter- 
tain us,  if  ho  do  net  pl.iy,  witli  the  belt  he 
has  to  eat  .ind  drink. 

I'liar  prince,  wh  n  in  the  auiiiencc-room, -I'l 
ufu.illy  liisoii.uiov.il  lliiol,  as  iscuilom.iry 
in  that  counlry  ;  the  llool  being  on  a  bro.id 
foot  bench  covered  with  a  cloth  ;  the  other 
foot  liench,  which  is  there  covered  with 
mats,  ferves  our  kuroieiin  factors  to  fit  bv, 
and  converle  with  him,  .dways  b.ireheadeit, 
as  knowing,  that  he  is  lietter  pleallil  tluy 
Ihou'd  l)c  lo,th.un()ver'd:  norare  they  toen- 
ter  th.it  room  with  tluir  luonlson;  for  he 
does  not  like  that  any  Ihould  appear  ariiud 
in  his  prclence. 

lie  cats  by  himfelf,  .111  1  no  pert'on,  either 
man  or  woman,  exupthis  wives,  is,illo\\M 
to  lee  hini  at  that  tiinc;  but  the  great  offi- 
cers o(  his  court,  often  eat  in  his  [ireli  iice, 
which  when  WJ  do,  he  is  very  well  ple.is'ii, 
and  the  table  is  pretty  well  lurnilhcd,  and 
in  tome  good  order.  All  his  ofFuers,  aiui 
other  Hacks  of  note  who  are  pielcnr,  lie 
proftrate  on  the  ground,  .ill  the  time  he  is 
prer(  lit,  without  d.iring  to  rili;  ;  and  when 
we  rile  Irom  table,  thole  greit  men  .iiul 
olFuers  ;iic  li  r\'ed  witli  wli.u  is  left,  .uui  eat 
it  very  greedily,  good  or  bad,  tho'  they 
have  perh.ips  much  lutter  of  their  own  at 
home  i  but  this,  in  a'l  llkilihood,  is  done 
oiit  ol  refp>ct,  that  the\  m  ly  not  Icein  to 
delpile  the  king's  pvi)\  ilions. 

'J'his  kin;;  ules  twice  a  y^'ar,  to  go  a  pro- ;; 
grefs  tiiroug^i  the  country,  which  he  coiii-i'"- 
nionly  dots  with  Ibiiie  lortof  llare;  bein'j;, 
bifiiles  liis  retinue,  atiinded  by  all  his 
wives,  drellird  the  bc(l  they  are  able,  being 
very  richly  adorned,  eaih  wirh  abund.uice 
of  coral,  which  is  there  mucii  iiuire  valua- 
ble than  gohi :  and  ii  \<  only  .it  fuch  iiin;'s-, 
ih  u  we  i-.tn  have  the  liL;ht  of  his  b.Mutilul 
wiiiiien,  who  otiui  wile  are  always  veryclole 
(hut  up,  and  guarded  from  the  eytsof  mni. 
In  this  progrefs  not  one  man  accompanies 
him,  but  he  orders  his  officers  and  great 
nun,  to  wait  on  him  at  the  place  he  de- 
figns  to  go  to  div(  rt  hinilelf  ;  and  tluy 
mull  there  alto  keej)  at  a  good  dill.UKC 
from  his  wives,  and  lee  them  only  as  tiny 
pafi.  by. 

As  to  government,  the  king  is  ahroIute/Ji'ii't* 
in  it,  anil  aflilted  then  in  by  fome  of  the'^*'"' 
moll  noted  nun  of  the  nation,  wlinareof 
his  council,  and  ol  thne  foits:  Mrlt,  ilie/i- 
iliili^os,  .is  tivy  .ire  there  caird,whiehi^  a/'w- 
in^Hefe  word,  fignifying  m,  iiol  q  i.diiy,  and 
tliey  are  governors  ot  provinces  orilillridt% 

Then 


'"■ 


O'l'iirwri. 


Cimmm 


Dmiti  tn 

JML 


Book  IV,  I  Chap. 2.  Coap  0/ South-Guinea. 


mt  bufinefs. 
Lit  home  a- 
nl'clt  in  liich 
,cr  anotlur, 
lul  biiiifj  ot' 
ilI  company, 
in  lixnding 
nu.iliy  tntcr- 
1  thi;  bLlt  lie 

licnce-room,  •^"■itt.!. 
is  ciiilom.iry 
r  1)11  a  bio.ni 
li  i  till' other 
ovcred  with 
uis  to  fit  by, 
b,irt'lK'a(.lfit, 
phMlVd  tiuy 
re  ihey  locn- 
s  on  •,  for  hi' 
ippear  ariiicd 

jcribn,  cither 
ts,  is.ilhiwM 
he  [),reat  offi- 
his  prelciiee, 
well  pleabM, 
iinillicii,  and 
ollii'ers,  and 
;  preluit,  lit" 
tlie  lime  lie  is 
i;  1  and  when 
cat  men  and 
s  left,  and  cat 
d,  iho'  they 
their  own  at 
ood,  is  done 
not  leein  to 

L  t<i  <;o  a  pro-  /;■!  ,•^^ 
uci)  he  eoin-i"V'- 
llate-,  beini);, 
1    by    all   his 
able,  bi  ing 
[th  abumliiice 

more  valii.i- 
it  luch  limes, 

|-.i^  b.'.uitilul 
layi  very  elole 

lytsot  men. 

aceompanies 

■IS  and  i;rcat 

place  he  de- 

r-,    and  they 

,oad   dill.nue 

lonly  as  tiuy 

is  ablbiUtei;'"'"* 
IVomc  of  the  *'"■ 

who  are  of 

iMrll,  ilie/i- 

lilrh  1^  a  /'c'- 

q-ialiiy,  and 

s  ordillrifl<. 

Then 


Cnirwri 


i5-(j  /»U 


Then  the  great  captains;  andlaftly,  the  com- 
mon captains. 

'ThcFultil^es,  or  governors,  command  as 
arbitrarily  as  the  king  himfelf,  in  their  fe- 
veral  provinces,  and  keep  as  great  ftate 
there. 

The  great  captains  arc  ilepiitics  to  liie 
foriner,  iii  their  feveral  iliibicls,  and  live 
great. 

The  common  captains  arc  nuicli  more 
numerous  than  all  the  others,  anil  eaeh  ot 
thele  has  a  peculiar  chararter.  He  who  is 
appointed  infpector  of  markets,  is  called, 
captain  of  the  market ;  he  who  is  fuperior 
of  the  flaves,  captain  of  the  Haves,  and  lb 
forth  5  another  is  ca['tain  of  the  prilon  ;  a- 
noiher  of  the  beach  ;  every  allair  that  can 
be  thouj.'.lif  of,  having  a  proper  captain,  or 
overfeer,  appointed  by  the  government. 

There  is  befides  a  great  luimb  r  ot  other 
honorary  captains,  without  any  liindtion. 

Revenues  of  the  Crowv. 

AI ,  I ,  the  above-mentioned  offices  are 
ibid,  every  man  paying  a  greater  or 
lefs  fiim  to  the  prince,  according  to  his 
poll  -,  which  makes  one  branch  of  the  royal 
revenue. 

The  revenue  accrues  in  a  great  meafure 
out  of  the  tolls  i  there  being  noihing  lo  lit- 
tle, but  what  pays  a  toll  to  the  king, 
whicl»  every  year  amounts  to  a  very  great 
fum. 

Ri lilies  which,  there  is  a  crown,  or  five 
fliillings  a  head  tluty  ibr  every  Have  ih.it  i,i 
fold  Ibr  goods  •,  but  the  colKciors  ot  it, 
cheat  their  ['rince  lonfider.ibly,  bv  agree- 
in^;  undi  rhaml  with  I  hole  who  till  thele 
n.ives,  lo  th.ti  a  fmall  matter  comes  into 
the  treafury,  only  tor  llicii  as  are  fold  lor 
Boijivs:  this  being  the  money  of  the  liiul, 
it  is  always  jiaid  in  the  king's  ]irekiue, 
and  out  of  tli.il,  he  takes  three  crowns  lor 
every  llave  ;  and  yet,  fome  are  lo  fly,  as 
to  letch  the  lioiju's  trom  us  in  the  night- 
time, or  at  fome  other  unle.ifonable  hours, 
to  cheat  the  prince  of  his  cultoms. 

Ivach  lliip  which  trades  to  f'iila,  and  there 
are  forty  or  fifty  every  ytar,  more  or  leb, 
as  it  hajipens,  either  by  his  duties,  or  his 
own  tr.ule,  may  be  computed  to  be  worth 
to  him  near  eiglitcen  hundred  crowns. 

Ad.d  to  this,  the  tolls  out  of  the  river-fifli, 
mentioned  lieietofore,  .ind  the  licavy  tines 
and  mulfts  in  criminal  cafes  i  as  alio  the 
(iims  accruing  to  him  by  the  fale  of  places, 
andofRccs  of  trull,  as  has  been  laid  above  : 
and  this  prince  would  have  a  vail  ini ome, 
and  be  very  potent  for  a  Blacf.;  but  that 
each  colli  dor  in  his  province,  and  he  has 
above  a  thoul.ind  all  over  ihe  country,  cheats 
him  of  what  he  can  ;  lb  that  he  fcarce  re- 
ceives one  ii.df,  or  perhaps  a  third  of  it. 


519 

Thole  incomes  ferve  to  defray  the  cx-Bauhot. 
pences  of  his  houlhold,  and  the  many  rich  rp/;^ 
olferings  he  is  obliged  to  make  to  the  fnakc-  ''^J";^' 
houli;  and  idols  •,  and  to  keep  an  army  con- 
ftantly  in  pay,  for  carrying  on  his  war  with 
great  Popo,  andO///<i,  which  he  fecins  re- 
lolved  to  fiibdue  :  befides  which,  he  alio 
maintains  a  great  number  of  his  lubjeii:ls  in 
meat  and  drink,  and  gives  very  1  irgely  to 
his  pe<)()le  upon  extraordinary  occ.ilions,  as 
I  have  liinted  before  •,  and  even  to  the  /iwra- 
pf.in  l.ielors,  whole  tables  he  moll  days  tur- 
niflies  widi  eatabUs  and  liciuors,  all  forts  in 
lo  plentilul  a  manner,  that  it  is  often 
more  than  they  have  occafion  for ;  befides 
that  he  caufes  houf  s  or  lodges  to  be  builc 
near  his  town  for  their  accommodaiiDn  j 
lome  ol  which  are  very  large,  containing 
leveral  ware-houks  and  many  cliamb.rs,  be- 
fides a  beautilul  court  wiiliin,  adorned  on 
each  fide  with  a  cover'd  gallery, 

rijc:   K  I  no's   W  I  vi:s. 

•npO  return  to  the  king';  priv.ite  concerns 
;it  liome  :  Wliolbiver  happens,    either 
premeiiit.it.dly  or  .iccideiitally,  but  lo  touch 
one  ot  the  king's  vvivis,   incurs  death  or  lla- 
very  ■,  tiuretiire  all  luch,  .is  have  .my  bull-    , 
nefs  about  the  king's  p.da.e,   calloui  •dniid,  ,„'/ ,'''i^' 
to  inlorm  thole  wives,  that  there  isa  man  near:/0Hf'/i/. 
and  to  the  end,  th.it  no  man  may  enter  the 
walls  thereof,  the  king  is  always  ferved  by 
his  wives,  unlefs  to  repair  it,  or  do  what  rliefe 
women  laiinot.  .And  in  iuJi  cales,  the  work- 
men continually  c.ill   out   that   the  women 
may,  duriiif!,  ih.it  time,   keep  elole  witliiii -, 
and  it  It  h.ippens  otherwire,    it  may  not  be 
imputed  as  a  crime  to  them. 

I'hofe  women  go  into  tlie  fields  to  work, 
as  luindrrds  do  every  d.iy  ;  and  as  loon  as 
tliey  Ipy  a  man,  they  iiy  out,  S:.iii.l  lii-ar  ! 
whcreujion,  that  perlbn  lalb  immediately 
on  his  knees,  or  fiat  on  th.'  i.irouud,  wait- 
ing till  they  pafsliy,  without  daring  to  look 
•it  them. 

This  prince  is  lb  very  J  aloiis  of  hisaiitho-  nii  j,:i- 
rity  over  his  wives,  ih.it  on  ;he  lealldilgulV, '»«/>. 
he  is  re.idy  to  fell  them  tor  llaves,  and  loiiie- 
timeslitteenor  more  together  i  which  makes 
the  women  time  to  preUr  a  fpeciiy  ile.ith, 
belore  the  miferable  condition  of  a  king's 
wife  :  .IS  there  have  been  iiitlan  es  of 
fome,  who  being  purlucd  to  that  tn  I,  have 
ilrowned  themlclves  in  wells.  For  ''/hen  any 
one  is  brought  into  the  king,  thai  has  plea- 
led  him,  lu  will  pvTh,ipsen)oy  lu  I  company 
twice  or  thrice;  .liter  wi.ich  favour,  llie  is 
confined  lor  ever  in  his  feraglio,  as  it  were 
in  perpetual  widowhood  :  as  J).iviii\  ten 
concubines  were  Ihut  up  in  a  feparate  place 
by  his  direction,  becauli*  y/hjuhm,  his  Ion, 
had  viol.iied  then),  during  his  tligiit  Iroin 
'JeriifaUtn.  CJojcihA.-j.  c.  lo.} 

The 


'r.1: 


r  III: 


1?(5 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  IV 


UM 


\m- 


,,  Jfj'^M' 


lii 


'k  .• 


■...J 


I 


fiiijedi. 


K'mg'i 
chiljrin. 


Dtith  net 
to  if  mm- 
timed. 


The  csptains  of  this  feraglio  frequently 
fiipply  it  with  fredi  ladies,  as  they  find  beau- 
tiful virgins-,  which  they  chufc  and  pick 
amongit  thiir  country  people,  and  no  perlbn 
wliatevcr  of  their  relations  dare  oppofe  them. 

The  king  is  feared  and  reverenced  by  all 
his  fubiefts,  even  to  adoration,  no  perfon  of 
what  rank  lot  ver,appcaringbeforehim,otlier- 
wife  than  kneeling  or  proltrate  on  his  belly. 
Thofc  who  are  to  wait  on  him  in  the  morn- 
ing, prollrate  themfelves  before  the  door  ot 
his  npirtnient,  kil's  the  ground  three  tinics 
fucctirively,  and  clapping  ihiir  hands, 
whifper  foine  words,  as  tending  to  adoration; 
after  which,  they  crawl  in  on  all  four,  where 
they  repeat  the  fame  ceremonies. 

The  king's  <  liildren  are  always  kept 
within  door^,  till  they  are  of  a  competent 
age  10  wander  among  riie  people. 

I  iiave  alreatiy  hinted,  liow  fe'.rhd  the 
Biihks  in  general  arc  ot  death  ;  iniomuth, 
tl-..it  the  nteaneft  of  tlum  are  very  lui- 
willing  to  hear  it  mentioned,  as  if  that  a- 
lonc  would  haften  their  entl.  Ii  is  there- 
fore looked  ii[ion  as  a  great  i  rime,  to  Ipeak 
of  death  in  the  king's  jirifence,  or  of  ,uiy 
of  the  principals  ol  the  n.ition  -,  and  wlien 
any  b.:iio[i\i)i  happens  to  do  it  to  the  king, 
thro'  inai.Kcrtency,  every  body  that  hears 
it  is  amazed  ;  none  of  his  own  fubjedls  da- 
ring to  fiy  he  is  a  mortal  man  :  but  the 
king  himl'elf  never  takes  it  ill  ol'  an  Eiiro- 
fcaii  to  be  told  fo  ■,  and  will  even  Imile  at 
the  fimplicity  of  liis  peoiile,  .ind  l.iugh  hear- 
tily when  we  fpeak  of  death  to  his  officers. 

I'hc  K  I  \  o*s   D  E  A  T  H. 

A  S  foon  as  the  king's  death  is  publickly 
^  known,  they  all  fall  a  Healing  from  one 
another,  all  things  they  cm  lay  iheir  hands 
on,  tho'  of  niver  fo  great  value,  openly 
and  ill  the  fight  of  all  people  with  impuni- 
ty ;  and  fo  loiuinue  to  do  till  a  new  king  is 
fix  d  on  the  throne,  or  at  kail  till  the 
officers  of  the  crown,  to  check  that  llrange 
practice,  cauf'e  it  tobe  puliliflied,  that  they 
have  inaugurated  a  new  king  -,  tho'  lome- 
times  it  is  not  yet  done :  lor  then  the  rob- 
'.iers,  if  they  continue  jiilfcring  and  Ite.il- 
ing,  are  lia  'le  to  [J'-inifliment. 

tor  tins  realo.i,  they  are  very  expeilitioiis 
utke,  hii  in  enthroning  and  elcfting  a  king:  and  if 
(I'.'.T'  the  di-eeafed  has  lett  any  male  iffue  be- 
hind him,  the  eld  ll  fon  commonly,  with 
the  airi'fine  of  his  creatures,  immediatily 
after  his  f.ulier's  death,  takes  all  his  wives 
into  his  cullody,  ,ind  enjoys  them  as  his 
own-,  .IS  tlie  moll  ( ffectaal  w,iv,  to  .dfuie 
the  (Town  .ind  government  to  hiinf  If:  tor 
when  h"  his  fo  done,  few  or  non-  of  the 
people  wiP  ( onfent  he  fhoul  1  he  forced  tij 
t^uit  the  roy.d  ''ignitv,  in  c.if.-  ih-r.-  aro'e 
any  p.iriv  or  c  ihal  .1111  'iig't  th'-  c  ii-  f  p.-ople, 
lu  put  unoiner  pcrlun  i.ivu  Ins  pLice  ;    u&  K 


rtibiui: 
lie  Mint. 


T)ie  (on 
tt 

nnti. 


happened  to  this  prefent  king,  who  was 
placed  in  the  royalty,  by  the  joint  forces 
and  interefl  of  the  French,  Poriu^uefe,  and 
fMluiiilcrs,  to  the  exclufion  of  his  elder 
brother,  who  was  nor  approved  of  by 
them,  nor  by  fome  of  the  great  men  of 
the  nation,  perhaps  gained  by  bribes,  as  I 
have  betore  hinted:  and  on  fuch  occafions, 
the  younger  brother's  p.irty  keeps  all  his 
friends  at  h:mil,  to  favour  his  eledion,  in 
the  room  ot  the  eldell.  This  practice  of 
the  l-]dajiiini,  al'piring  to  the  royal  dignity, 
to  take  pofiefTion  of  the  precedent  king's 
wives,  as  is  above  related,  much  relembles 
what  was  done  by  Ahfalom,  when  he  revol- 
ted againfl  his  father  David ;  and  by  the 
counlel  of  y^r/.';/o/W,  openly  abufed  his  fi- 
ther's  concubines:  to  the  end  no  huh- 
fliould  be  ignorant  of  that  aftion,  whitii 
wasa  teilimony,  that  he  had  taken  poffeirion 
of  the  royal  dignity,  and  of  the  kingdoii), 

People  r/FiDA  nol  good  Soldiers, 

T  Have   before  obferved   how  populous  tlie...... 

■^  country  of  /•)  ia  is,  and  how  in  lome  enm- 
gent  neCL-nity  the  king  can  bring  two  imn. 
dred  thouland  mcninio  the  fuld  ;  buttli.y 
are  to  weak  and  heartlels,  and  fo  fearluluf 
deatli,  that  ten  thoufunl  Gdd-Coajl  BLich, 
or  fewer,  drive  and  repulfe  that  great  num- 
ber of  Fiddjhuii,  who  are  natur.illy  more  in- 
clined rotratleantl  Inini.uulry,  than  to  w.ir ; 
for  which  rcafon  they  h.ive  no  exptrien.  eJ 
officers  orgeneiMls,to  head  them  :  .md  iIrtc- 
fore  it  frequently  happ,ens,  that  when  foreid 
to  take  the  field  againfl  an  enemy,  the-ir 
army  is  commanded  by  fome  mean  perfon; 
the  chief  men  of  the  nation  very  often  cluiiiii" 
rather  to  tl.iyat  home,  than  to  leaei  tlieiii  to 
fight  ■,  and  confequently  the  inferior  olficeTs 
will  I'larceobcy  that  comm.mder  whiWiren- 
ekrs  their  wars gcnenilly  unlucceMiil,  orvfrv 
tedious.  For  tli.it  mean  gencnd,  tho'  he  hail 
cour.ige  enough  to  actei't  of  the  jioll,  to  gri- 
tify  his  vanity,  is  as  grea'  a  cow.irti,  in  .:n 
eiigigement,  ,is  the  loklier.;  themlelves ;  aii.l 
re.iely,  upon  the  firfl  onlei,  to  give  way  and 
run  home  as  fill  as  he  ean,  leaving  li;, 
men  to  Ihitl  lor  ihemlelve, ;  and  they  iievtr 
fail  10  lollow  his  example. 

However,  to  give  thole  peoi)le  their  due, 
it  has  been  oblerved,  on  Ibnie  oceafioiis, 
that  they  would  Hand  tlieir  ground  pretty 
well,  efpi  cially  in  a  definfive  w.ir,  to  |;rc- 
vent  or  Hop  an  inv.ifion  in  their  cojnir\, 
when  they  were  le.ul  by  fonio  touragi-ous 
andfkillul  gener.ilof  .'.igh  birth  anel  dignity. 

W    K    A     !•    O    N    S. 

'TT  H  F,  f  '1  'i  ly  th  re,  as  well  as  at  Ai!ra,ckii. 

.ire.iimd,  lonv  t.-w  with  imifkets,  and 
m  '.ny  others  wi'h  Iv.w,  .ml  .irrow-.,  Ii. fibers, 
j,'\elins.  .  rd  \V()'M.e,i  (  |;il>e,  about  tli''  loot 
Lng,    five  or  lix  in.lv.-.  thkk,  very   roand 


Book  IV.  ■Chap-  2-  Coajls  of  South-Guinea. 


317 


ig,  who  was 
E  joint  forces 
irttig^iiefe,   ami 

of  his  elder 
roved  of  by- 
great  men  of 
I  bribes,  as  I 
Lich  occafions, 

keeps  all  his 
s  eleclion,  in 
lis  (iraflice  of 
royal  dignity, 
■cedent  king's 
uch  rclemblcs 
/hen  he  revol- 
;  and  by  the 
abuled  his  fa- 
end  no  body 
iftion,  whicii 
iken  pofieirion 
ic  kingdom. 

Soldiers. 

V  populous  thcoj.... 

'  inlomecniei- 

iring  two  huii- 

i-ld  ;   but  th,y 

nd  lb  feartulof 

Ll-Cofljl  B!ad:, 

hat  great  num- 

urally  niorein- 

,  than  to  vv.ir  ■, 

10  exptrien.ed 

em  :  and  t  Iktc- 

[at  when  forced 

en^-my,  their 

me.-.n  perlbn  ; 

_'  ofLcn  thiiling 

to  lead  tlicni  to 

ittrior  olfia-rs 

ler  whicli  rcii- 

.cWiil,  or  vfrv 

ral,  thn'hclud 

epoll,  togni. 

ow.ird,   ill  ;in 

111  (elves  ;  and 

yivc  way  and 

I    leaving   ins 

nd  tliey  never 

ople  their  line, 
oiiie  occafions, 
ji,round  pretty 
■  war,  to  pre- 
their  country, 
me  cotiraf!,i*()us 
th  and  disunity. 


■dl  as  at ///-./niiC/nSr. 
imifkfis,  and 

rnvv,  ji.Tgers, 
I'.i;  til''  toot 
\'ery    roviiid 


and 


and  even,  except  a  knot   at  the  end  •,  the  put  into  a  deep  pit,  being  firft  bound  hand  lUitnoT. 

breadth  of  a  hand,  and  three  fiiv^ers  thick,  and  foot  ■,  after  whicli,  the  execution!  r  fcts  a  *"^'V>*' 

Every  man  is  always  provided  will  five  or  large   pot  of  boiling  water  on  the  fire -,  out 

fix  luch  clubs,  as  bi.-ing  the  principal  weapons  ot  which,  by  degrees,  he  lades  lome  on  them. 


tluy  dv-pend  molt  on  -,  and  lo  tiexterou-.  in 
throwing  of  them,  thai,  they  can,  at  feveral 
paces  dillance,  hit  an  enemy,  and  break  his 
hiiilis  with  them,  as  being  madj  of  a  very 
ponderous  wood.  The  Goul-C'irtj]  BLiiks 
are  as  much  .ifraid  of  that  fort  of  weapon, 
as  of  a  mulket-ball. 

The  li.mgers  are  line  and  well  made,  and 
tlie  j  'V,  lius  very  be.iutifid  and  llroiig.  When 
a  lioufe  happens  lo  be  on  lire,  thi;y  let  up 
aery,  by  wlii^h  they,  ina  Iniall  time,  raife 
the  whole  country,  the  people  flocking  to 
the  place,  armed  with  ckibs,  fwords,  jave- 
lins, and  other  weapons. 
Thus  far  conci  ruing  the  l':d.if-.in  foldiery, 
d  kingly  olHce  and  prerogatives:  1  fliall 
peak  of  the  .idiiiinillr.ition  01  jullice, 
whieii  will  apiiear  as  irrej,iilar  anil  partial 
as  their  maxims  of  government. 


aiic 
now 


T 


).;.'l  ""'■■ 


AoMiMS  I'KA'i  ION  oj  JcsTtcr;. 
11'''.  king  ard    liis  counfellors  ufua'Iy 
decide  the  fuits  of  greatelt  importanc  , 
and  governors  of  towns  or  ilillriits  the  Li- 
fer cauks. 

l-'ew  crimes  arc  there  ptiniflied  wi.h  death 
bcfid.'S  murder,  and  adultery  with  the  king's 
or  great  me"  wives:  and  tlie  people  in  ge- 
neral being  I  fearful  of  death,  as  ha.b.eii 
reprellnted,  every  man  is  very  ll'idious  not 
to  incur  that  pen.dty  ;  iho'  it  now  and  tli'.n 
doc-,  liapp.n,  that  fonie,  thro'  p.idion  .ind 
iiKonfid  raten.fs,  cmiimit  one  or  utlier  'i! 
tliule  two  c.ipiral  crim  s.  Tiie  king  then 
lays  the  cale  before  his  council,  retiuiring 
each  perlbn  that  belongs  to  it,  to  confider 
wliatpuninmient  kuh  or  fuch  af.n-Hdeferves. 
;',„,„,  In  cafe  of  iiitirder,  t!ie  criminal  b.ing  fm- 
".Wfr.  lena-d  to  be  put  to  death,  is  ,iceurdi:-,gly 
executed  afterlife  manner.  TheexecutionLr 
firll  cuts  him  open  alive,  takes  out  his  en- 
trails, and  burns  them  before  his  face  :  this 
done,  he  lids  up  the  body  with  fait,  and 
fixes  it  to  a  Hake  in  the  middle  of  the  m  ir- 
ket-place  of  the  town,  where  't  is  Kti  iii 
tiiat  eondi.ion. 

In  caleol  adultery  with  .'.ny  of  the  kiiij^'s 
wives,   both   th 


{■'  tJiil 


till  the  pot  is  half  empty,  antl  then  pours 
the  remainder  on  them  all  at  once  i  and  fi- 
nally, he  fills  the  pit  with  earth,  and  thus 
buries  them  alive. 

Others  are  fentenced  to  be  burnt  for  the  Anoihir 
fame  crime  of  adultery,  and  thus  executed,  »^)- 
by  the  king's  own  wives,  who  are  fome- 
tiiiies  employed  by  liim  to  execute  his  fen- 
t.njes  pronounceil  againft  oHlnd -rs -,  every 
one  of  thole  v.'omen  being  vcrv  lorward  to 
liriiig  wood  to  burn  the  criminals,  tho*  it 
m.iy  hajipen  that  liie  man  lb  burnt,  with 
one  ot  thofe  wives  has  long  enjoyed  the 
company  of  t'everal  of  tliofe  very  women, 
getting  in'o  their  hoiifes  in  tlie  habit  of  a 
woman,  and  fo  continuing  there  a  confider- 
able  time  :  wl  ich  tome  men,  ih.o' upon  the 
point  ot  dying  a  c.uel  death,  have  piiblickly 
declared,  v,  itiiout  accufinganyot  their  ac- 
complices. 

Thus  in  thefe  two  p..  'ticular  cafes  of  mur-  rinn  />• 
der,  and  adultery  witli  the  royal  vives,  or<"l'"^' 
thole  of  great  perfoas,  tlie.  king  of  7', J.i "■""*'■ 
anil  his  council  aieexadoblervcrs  of  jullice, 
a'.eoiding  to  the  laws  of  tlie  land,  as  being 
tliemlelves  therein  perfonally  aflio.iti.d  or 
injured  ;  b  it  in  other  lets  criminal  c.iufcs, 
they  coinmit  abundance  of  irregularitie-, 
coinixjanding  by  a  pecuniary  mulcl,  wliich 
conimonly  accrues  to  tiie  king  and  them, but 
e:peeiaily  to  one  of  his  f.ivouritcs,  called 
c.iptaiii  f.'./'7t'»-,  and  the  king's  foul,  beiaufc 
that  prince  will  ro-  I'.o  any  tiling,  tho' but 
of  little  moment,  v.icliout  ids  advice.  'Idiat 
CirUr  is  alio  i.dled  capt.iin  iS:'./)/i',  or  tl.e 
cip'iinwho  isentiulled  by  the  king,  with 
all  .dl'air,  rdating  to  the  £..>-';/'(W;j. 

In  fome  cafes,  when  llntenec  is  pionounc'd  Another 
againfl:  an  oflViuler,  the  king  llnds  two  wi"-^'':i- 
thrc''  liundred  of  his  wives  to  the  male- 
fidor'.s  houfe,  v.dio  llrip,  and  lay  it  level  with 
the  ground,  whicii  no  perlbn  dares  oppole  •, 
.ill  being  torbid,  on  psdn  ot' death,  IbiiiLiCh 
,is  to  touch  .my  of  tlie  king's  wives,  as  I 
have  fiid  helbre :  and  thus  a  man,  Ibme- 
tin;esunjullly.iccufnl  .jid  ■.■ondemned,  is  on 
a  fudden   broii;i,lu  to  utter   ruin,    uiilefs  he 


man    .iml  woman,    b  ing     can  torefee  wh.ii   is  coming   upon  him,  and 
lift,  and  feiueiue  palled  on     have   courage  and   elexterity  enough  to  at- 


convicteel  ot  the 

them,  th'-y  .ire  executed  thus:  Being  brought     tmd  the  king,    and   accjuit  himlllf  hand- 
to  the  pi  ice  of  execution,  which  is  in  ,in     lomely,  lb  as  he  may  revoke  the  leiitence. 
open   field,  the  man  is  let  as  a  mark  for  fe-         A  perlbn  acculai  of  malverl'ation,  deny-  i^ui  i^ 
veial  great  tnen,  by  way  of  diverfion,    to     ing  the  f.id,  is  obliged  to  clear  himfelfby/wHHmini. 
fliow  their  (kill  in  darting  javelins  at   him,     oath,    and  other  ceremonies   mentioned  at 

the  (I't/.i  Coi/// i  otherwife,  as  often  happens 
tiierc,  he  is  led  to  a  river,  at  a  little  dif- 
tanec  from  the  royal  palace,  which  the  Blai.ki 
believe  has  a  peculiar  quality  ot  inimcdiate- 


ilartin 

by  which  the  miferable  wretch  is  cruelly 
tormented.  Then,  in  the  prefence  of  the 
adulterous  woman,  he  is  bereft  of  his  privy 
and  oblig'd  to   call    them    himfelf 


p;>rts,                 „  .              ,           . 

into  the  fire,  which  is  reaily  lighfd  at  luch  ly  drowning  all   guilty   perlbns,    that   are 

executions.    This  done,  both  criminals  arc  thrown  into  it  ;  and  of  prelerving  the  inno- 

V  y  L.  V.  R  r  r  r                 cejjt, 


li  M  \t\ 


%\\ 


1i 


'"^m 


.  |i  «iv';:&r 


1  m'/'-n 


H-m:i 


mm' 


S: 


■ir 


3?8 


y^  Defcription  of  tl 


),e 


^^^K  IV.  I  CHAr. 


Prrptjlt- 
rcui  ctrt- 


BARROTCent,  whether  chcy  r.in  fwi.Ti  or  not,  tho' 
^■^"V"^  they  feed.vly,  the)  all  (live  themfelves  by 
fwiniming  ;  molt  people  there  being  very 
expert  at  it :  auJ  ncrivips  tliey  never  yet 
f  iw  that  river  convift  any  ofFeniiers  in  drown- 
ing them,  All  tliac  are  thrown  into  it,  and 
conu'  out  fate  on  the  other  fule,  pay  a  cer- 
tain Turn  to  ihe  king,  which  induces  me  to 
believe  it  is  a  mere  invention  of  the  judgfs, 
to  try  people,  and  acquit  them,  for  money, 
tho'  fully  convicted  of  the  offences.  This 
the  governors,  in  their  refpeftive  diftrids, 
pra<ftife  in  like  manner,  and  to  the  lame 
end  ;  which  is  getting  of  money. 

But  if  it  ever  hippens,  that  the  criminal, 
by  Ionic  impediment  or  other,  i;ihisfwim- 
minga-crofs  that  river,  is  drowned,  they  fay 
his  bovly  is  boiled  in  a  larg,:  cop[n  r,  and 
eaten  by  many,  as  is  prjc.-ndcd,  in  dercifa- 
tion  of  his  guilt  ;  but  thi^  I  dare  not  alV:rt 
for  a  truth. 

The  king's  wives,  and  tiiofc  of  confuicra- 
bL'  Rl.ick  ,  are  often  exinifed  to  this  lort  ot 
tiial,  upon  fufpicion  of  adulterv  ;  but  tliofc 
who  know  themfclves  !!,uilty,will  r.uh.jr  con- 
fefs  it  freely,  than  :'enture  thi-;  ti-al,  being 
made  to  believe,  tluy  will,  in  fuh  cafe, 
be  certainly  drowned :  to  avoiil  which, 
they  incur  the  inevii.ihle  j^en.dty  of  being 
either  call  off  or  fold  into  perpetual  cap- 
tivity. 

Ill  c\(i-  ofmifdemcanorsnot  proved,  they 
pr.iiftile  another  fort  of  trial  for  conviftion 
or  jullihcation,  which  is  properly  a  juggle  ; 
wlierein,  by  the  difpofition  of  Ibme  odd 
things  thrown  together,  aspradtifed  at  the 
Golii  Coiijt,  by  their  priefls,  tiiey  will  ab- 
folve  or  condemn  the  perlbn   accufed. 


Contracts. 

'T'lIERE  is  another  ceremony  ufed  a- 
•■    mong  thofe  people,  on  arco-'"'  oflb- 
lemn  contradtsaiid  iMigageme-,  ,   ■■■  :i:'.i  'hey 
call  B  ire-Dies.,     -'er  this  maji.'.cr. 

The  contracftors  make  eac;-  .  litu.'  hole 
in  the  earth,  into  which  they  Ir.  fomc  of 
their  own  lilood  drop,  and  having  dilVolvtd  it 
with  'bme  little  earth,  each  of  them  drinks 
of  the  compofitioii,  as  much  as  he  can. 
This  done,  they  look  upon  it  as  a  folemn 
engagement,  to  have  but  one  and  the  fame 
interefl  in  whatever  may  befall  them,  whe- 
ther good  or  evil  ;  and  that  they  are  bound 
to  reveal  to  each  othc.-  their  moll  fecret 
thoughts,  or  whatever  they  may  have  heard 
faid,  good  or  bad,  of  one  another;  being 
fully  perfuaded,thattlie  lead  omilTion  therein 
would  certainly  cccafion  their  death. 

F  u  r  E  R  A  L  s. 

•T'  HEY  bury  their  dead  with  abundance 
•*■    of  tokens  of{.iief,   and  great  mourn- 
ing i  but  aftr   the  funerals,  they  feaft  their 
-  cquiint^ncc  ior  fivf.  or  fix  weeks  together. 


',''r  'V  defcil^'d  perfons  in  "•"' 
mauii'^ns,  Iia.'ing'n.i  fr-''''i 


They  '•d  '-•  lion' 
their  own  ;  j,  "..'• 

pirate  places  tor  th.u  fiTvice,  .nd  obferve 
abundant  of  ceremc 'ies  -fte-  '  eir  death  : 
to  inllance  one  for  all,  'Ley  ti;:romeidoU 
made  f.-r  that  purpcle,  to  he  legs  of  a 
certain  black  bird,  which  they  fet  on  thi- 
grave  of  the  deceafed,  with  a  large  pot  full 
of  water,  anil  dance  and  fing  round  and 
over  tho  grave,  till  they  fee  it  level  with 
the  other  ground  ;  for  at  firfl  th'-y  raifcthe 
earth  over  the  graves,  as  is  praJtif^d  in  many 
parts  of  E'irorc. 

They  kill  marly  (laves,  and  women,  atthej/„„j.. 
funerals  of  their  kings,  and  oti  erperfons  of«,'/j,„j;' 
note,  to  ferve  and  wait  on  them  in  the  otlur 
world,  where  they  make  the  ignorant  people 
believe,  they  live  greater  than  they  ufed  to 
do  in  this  ;  and  therefore  when  any  of  thole 
great  perfons,  efpecially  their  kings  dit', 
the  courtiers  loudly  exprefs  a  fervent  dt  fire 
to  keep  them  company  in  their  grave ; 
which  is  nothing  but  e..:u  and  diffmiulation, 
(incc  every  one  knows  how  fearful  they  are 
of  ileath. 

I  might  inllance  many  particulars  con- 
cerning tlie  ix'0[)lc  of  /■'/(/.'),  which  b.ing  of 
no  great  moment  I  \i.\(<.  bv,  or  refer,  as  to 
fomeof  them,  to  thedcleription  ofyf'-,/;-.;  , 
thofe  two  nations  b";r.g  very  much  alike 
in  ab.indance  of  I'ufloms  .:iid  praflices,  both 
in  civil  and  religious  affairs  ;  that  I  'nay 
conclude  this  account  of /•VJi',  with  the  ob- 
fervations  made  concerning  their  religions 
worfliip  in  general  and  p.irticular,  whith 
will  afford  matter  for  a  feparate  chapter. 

But  before  I  enter  upon  that  fubjeft,  \\. 
will  be  convenient  to  fay  fomt  tiling  of  the 
Bo'i'-s  or  Cauris.,  which  I  have  often  men- 
tioned in  the  defcripricii  of  this  country  ;  as 
being  accounted  the  chief  we.dth  there,  and 
fo  advantageous  and  ufcful  in  the  trade  we 
have  with  its  inhabitants,  as  tJ;c  current 
coin  among  them,  which  commands  every 
thing,  as  much  as  coined  filver  or  gold  docs 
throughout  Europe,  I  fhall  alfb  add  fbme- 
what  concerning  the  nature  and  qualities  of 
the  (laves  purchafed  there,  and  at  Ardra, 
and  their  w.iy  of  accompt  in  trade  ;  and  of 
theii  divifion  ot  time. 

Shells  ufed  for  Monev. 

'T'llE  Boeji''s  or  Cauri-,  which  the  F/c;;,,!) 
■*•  call  Rouges,  are  fmall  milk-white  fhells, 
commonly  as  big  as  fmall  olives,  and  are 
produceil  and  gathered  among  the  flioais 
and  rocks  of  the  Ma.'iiiVy  idaiids,  near  the 
coall  of  Miiabai  in  the  Ea;l- Ind'u!  \  and 
thence  tranfported  as  b.ill ad  to  Goa,  Cu/jiii, 
and  other  ports  in  the  £,-;//- /;,i.r.t,  by  thef;/;;/,7 
natives  of  thole  numerous  ifl.ind.s:  and  fioniOuuifa. 
the  above-named  places,  areililperfed  to  ihc 
Diilib  i-.pd  ti!i;!i/)j  fiiflories  in  f>idia;  then 
brought  over  to  Ei/yj/e,  more  efpecially  by 

the 


the 
thei 
trad 
to 

(iK.I 

oro 
per 


i'     1 


?\\: 


Coajls  ij/'SOlTTH-GuiNEA, 


:T9 


perfor.s  in  Djnri,j 
ijT  n.>  I'l'-'-'i'  •• 
itl  oblerve 
;ir  deaili : 
bme  idoh 
legs  of  \ 
let  on  till- 
e  pot  full 
ouiid  and 
level  with 
y  raifctlie 
d  ill  many 

(len,  at  the,?;,,,,^,;^ 
perfons  oi«'j.i,rj:: 
1  the  otlnr 
-ant  people 
ley  ull'd  to 
ny  of  thnii; 
kings  di'.', 
•vent  dt  fire 
eir  gravo-, 
(Timulation, 
:ul  tlicy  are 

culars  con- 
ch h.ing  of 

rek-r,  as  to 

n  of //'■.;''■,.'  , 

nuich  a'ike 

ifliccs,  both 

that  I  may 

with  the  ob- 

(cir  religions 
,ir,    which 
chapter, 
uhjcft,  it 
ng  ot  the 
often  mcn- 
ountry  ■,  as 
there,  and 
trade  we 
:c  current 
inds  every 
gold  does 
add  llime- 
qualitiesot 
at  jirdra, 
e  ;  and  of 


I  the  Fremh 
^hite  Ihelis, 

and  are 
Itlic  flioali 

near  die 
hd:ii  \  and 

■-S  by  tliei^;,.,,/,, 
and  from  (jumca. 
I  fed  to  die 
i.lii;  thi'n 
Jccially  by 
(Ix 


il 


he 


t\\t  Dutch,  who  make  a  great  advantage  of    the  /f/aiw  ji   bofjies,  and  the  qua'^.tity  ofB<"-poT. 
thcni,  according  to  the  occar-.,i  the  feveral     (laves  he  pofiefies.  UO^J 

trading  nationsof /'Jwrn/f  ha\e  for  thl.  trafli,  As  to  the  (laves,  and  the  trade  of  them, 
t,)  carry  on  their  trafTiik.  at  the  coaft  of  whereof  I  l.ave  before  fpoke  at  large,  it  will 
(;,7,  .,•,(,  and  of  Aignia;  to  purchafe  flaves  be  proper  to  obferve  here,  that  commonly 
oroth' rgoodsof  .Ifr-.ca,  ami  are  only  pro-  the  (laves  we  purchafe  M  Fida  ind  Jrdra, 
per  ("or  that  trade  ;  no  other  people  in  the  are  brought  down  to  the  coaft  from  fevcral 
liiiiverfc  putting  (uJi  a  value  on  them  as  the  countries,  two  and  three  hundred  leagues  up 
GurnCiVii  ;  and  more  efpecially  thofe  of  Fid.^     the  inland  -,  where  th<'  inhabitants  are  lufty, 

f^rong,  and  very  laborious  people  :  thence 
it  is,  that  tho*  they  are  not  (b  black  and  fine 
to  look  at  as  the  North-Guinea  an" 


■M 


V'' 


;ind  Ardra  have  long  done,  and  ilill  do 
t'lis  very  day.  And  lb,  proportionably  to 
thenccafion  t\\c Ewopcan  6'«i//evj  adventurers 
have  for  thofe  Cunns,  and  the  qu.mtity  or 
iVaicity  there  hajipcns  tobeof  them,  either 
in  liit^iind  or  Hollund,  their  price  by  the 
hundred  weight  is  higher  or  lower.  I  can 
nive  no  reafon  why  they  armifually  iold  by 
vviight,  anil  not  by  meafure. 

Tlirfe  Caiir  s  are  of  m.my  diflirent  fi/.cs, 
the  fnialKit  hardly  larger  than  a  common 
iim;  and  thel,uij;ell,  as  an  ordinary  walnut, 
longilli  like  xn  olive  ;  but  of  fuch  great  ones 
til  re  ib  no  confukTable  quantity  in  propor- 
tion -o  the  inlerior  fizes ;  and  are  all  inter- 
mixt,  great  and  fmalj.  They  are  common- 
ly brought  over  from  the  /iaft- Indies,  in 
p.icks  or  bundles,  well  wrappM,  and  put 
into  fnidl  birrels  in  F.ng'.and  or  IloUand, 
for  the  better  convenicncy  ot  the  Guinea 
trade. 

H  ivi'ig  given  this  account  of  the  nature 
of  thefe^sty/.J,  it  remains  to  obferve  the  ul'c 
made  chereot",  by  the  Guincans. 

At  Fidii  and  Ardra,  where,  as  I  have 
liinted before,  they  are  mod  fond  ol  them, 
they  either  ferve  to  adorn  their  bodies,  or 
.IS current  coin.  At  Fida  the  natives  f.ore 
a  little  hole  through  each  Butjie,  witJi  ,111 
irnn  tool,  made  for  that  purpofe,  and  threatl 
them,  forty  Boejia  in  a  firing,  which  they 
c.dl  Toiu:i  in  Portuguejl' ;  and  in  their  natu- 
ral language  Ciiire. 
mi  l-'ive  fueh  firings,  or  d-'ires,  of  ferty 
Bcf/i'!  each,  make  a  certain  (inall  mealure, 
called  a  Galin'\i.  and  in  their  own  language 
■\Fort\  Two  hundred  Canris,  and  fifty  fuch 
Fores,  make  ixnAco-ve,  or  3.  Gui'ib  tt'.n,  in 
their  language  ;  the  word  Alcov;  being  Por- 
fi%;.(efe,  as  well  as  that  of  Galinb.t,  but  as 
freqaently  ufed  by  the  Blacks,  as  the  other 
names  of  Fore  and  duiiibcUon,  o(  their  own 


GoU- 

Coiijl  Black-,  yet  are  they  fitter  for  the  A- 
w;tVit.;«  pl.intations,  than  any  others;  efpe- 
cially in  the  fugar  illands,  where  they  re- 
quire more  labour  and  flrength  thdn  m  the 
otlur  coloiiies  of  Eiitofeaiis,  at  which  the 
Full  and  Ardr.i  (laves  are  found,  by  conftant 
experience,  to  hold  out  much  longer,  and 
with  lefs  detriment  to  themfelves,  than  the 
other  (laves   tranfported  thither  from  the 
other  above-mentioned   parrs  of    Guinea. 
One  thing  is  to  be  ;  I'.en  notice  of  by  fea- 
firing  men,    that   thels:   Fida  and  Ardra 
flaves  are  of  all  the  others,  the  molt  apt  ro 
revolt  aboard  Ihijis,  by  a  confpiracy  carried 
on  amoiigll  themfelves ;  cfp'-ci.dly  fuch  as 
are  brought  down  to  Fida,   from  very  re- 
mote inland  countries,  who  eafily  draw  o 
thers  into  tiicir  plot :  lor  being  ufed  to  fee 
mens  fielli  eaten  in  their  own  country,  and 
publick    markets   held    (or  that  purpofe, 
they  are  very  lull  of  the  notion,    that  wc 
buy  and  tranfport  them  to  th.e  fame  pur- 
pofe ;  and  will  therefore  watch  all  opp  ••- 
tunities  to  deliver  themfelves,  by  afTaulting 
a  lliip's  crew,    and  murdering  them  all,  if 
pofTiblc  :    whereof,   we  havt;  alniofl  every 
year  Ibmc  inflances,    in  one  European  lliip 
or  other,    that  is   filled  with  flaves.     To 
pri\  ent  which,  it  is  necelTiry  to  obferve  ex- 
actly, the  dircft ions  I  pro|K)l(;to  give  in  the 
fupplement  to  this  hook,  both  lor  m.in.,ging 
(laves,    and    luhfilliiig    thrni  properly    in 
their  tranfportation  at  fea       .  aifo  for  pre- 

ny. 


venting  their  revolt  and  1 


Keeping  of  Accompts. 
T^  n  E  Fidajians  are  fo  expert  in  keeping 
their  accompts,  that  they  eafi'-'  reckon 
as  exatt,  and  ,is  quick  by  memory  as  we 
l.mguage.  This  Alcove  meafure  weighs,  as  can  do  with  pen  an.'  ink,  though  uie  llim 
I  h.ive  before  obferved,  about  fixty  pounds,  amount  to  never  fo  i  my  thoufands :  which 
anJ  contains  four  thoufandB»fy'(Vi.  very  much  facilitates   the  trade  the  Euro- 

With  thefe  firings,  or  Toques,  or  Genres,  peans  have  with  them  1  and  is  not  half  fo 
of  forty  B->ejies,  they  buy  and  fell  all  forts  troublefome,  as  with  other  Gtiuteans,  who 
ot  goods  among  themfelves,  as  if  they  were  are  commonly  very  dull  on  this  head. 
filver  or  gold  money  1  and  are  fo  very  much  Another  thing  of  great  advantage  to  trade  LtniMgt. 
taken  widi  them,  as  to  tell  us  they  are  pre-  with  them  is,that  moll  of  the^/V/ii  merchants, 
ferable  to  gold,  both  for  ornament  and  traf-  can  fpeak  either  fomething  of  the  £,.'«^«a 
fick  •,  inlbmuch,  that  a  handful  of  them  is  fV^wf;;,  or  of  lome  other /'''//-flrcan  langu.igc, 
hetter  for  thole  purpofes,  than  an  ounce  of  but  mote  efpecially  Freui  which  fome  tew 
fine  gold  :  and  it  is  a  general  rule  there,  to  are  very  perfedt  in,  throc^tli  the  long  in- 
rerkon  a  man's  wealth  by  the  number  of    tercourfe  they  have  had  with  us :  and  herein 

the 


liiwl 

iiliill 


340 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  IV.  I  ^^^^ 


mm 

mi!' 


I!a '!-•>!. the  Firiuh  have  foinc  advantage  ovir  tlie 
(•^/NJdthiT   EuropiWii   trailing  tlicrc,    tliac  their 
l.mgii.igc    is   near  allyM   to    liut    /.;«?/m 
I'rtDiu!,  or  broUt-n  I'firlncjir!?. 

I  lowevtr,  lorihc  facilitating otcommcrrc 
with  iholi-,  iinil  tilt  ./>•,, V.J  B!:iil{j,  I  have-  taken 
the  trouijlc  to  lolli'cl  Ibme  of  the  moll  laini- 
liarworil'.  and  phralcs  of  thofc  twonaiions, 
which  are  anmxtci  to  the  vouibulary  ol  the 
Guinr'.i  Blacks  mofl:  common  language  in 
the  fiipplemcnt  to  this  volume:  the /v./i?. 
fians  iifing  the  fame  linguigc  as  thole  ot 
ArJra;  liy  which,  as  well  as  liy  their  uni- 
farniity  ot  manners  antl  practices,  it  leems 
they  wtre  formerly  one  and  the  faine  nation. 
It  v.ouKl  be  proper  here  to  infert,  the  le- 
veral  forts  of  A'wp,-('."/ go' ids,  witli  whic!> 


we  drive  our  iratie  there,  to  piirchafc  (laves ; 
but  liie  fame  forts  ol'  goods  being  iifcd  in 
theflave-traile,  .\t  .lidra,  I  refer  to  the  tlc- 
feription  of  that  kingdom,  and  of  the  trade 
we  have  there,  with  the  natives. 

As  to  the  rHafiin  way  ot  reckoning  ti.s 
time,  there  tan  be  nn'hing  l!iid  very  exadlly, 
but  that  they  llcm  to  live  in  a  manner  by 
guefs  :  for  it  does  not  appear,  that  they 
have  any  divifions  ot  years,  months,  week., 
tlays  or  hours  ;  but  reckon  their  fowing- 
time  by  moons,  and  know  ih.it  every  tiiree 
ilay.s  there  is  a  great  m.n-kei.  Nor  do  wc 
liiid,  that  tl'ey  have  any  fellivals.  None 
ot  ilieiii  can  read  or  write,  not  even  thdr 
priclls. 


C   H 


11 


II. 


Of  the  vdiglon  of  ibc  {\~(plc  I'J  \'"\Cia.  -Thcrr  notion  of  Qod,  and  inferior  ih\- 
tiis.  'F'ccnliar  proiittor  Jir  any  ImJiKifs.  ll'orjhip  (f  jndkcs  ,  of  trees, 
and  the  fea.     A'oticn  if  beil,   ciai  diijienlty  ff  being  con'vertcd- 


fi.t  .idiies. 


/„■„';. 


NierioN-  r.f'C'0\i,/i:it!  iiifn--'i  Deities. 
r-a'~'l\\'.  /■.■..'.(,.■.;/•;;,  torthemoll  p.irt,  h.ive 
f      ;in  imperfed:  notion  ot  a  tupreiiie  Wc- 
inii,.     Almighty  and  Omniprel'ent,  to  w!io:;; 
they  attribute  the  toiniaiion  ot  the  ii:ii\-erle  ; 
and  give  him  .m   inlinite   preterenie  above 
their   endlef.   luimbtr   of   ''dol  gods  •,     to 
whom,    becaul'e   he  is  to   liighly    exalted, 
they  neither  pray,  or  otVer  any  faeritices, 
allei'gi.'-.g,  that  they  think  his  ■'■Homp.irable 
grandeur  does  not  permit  him  to  think  ot' 
hum.;!-,  race,    or  be  at  the  troulile  ot  go- 
verning the  world,    wliich  he  has  iheretore 
com;nitred   to   their  idols,    to   rule  as  liii 
viceg-.  i"i  r.'s  in  all  thin  .^s  •,  and  therefore  tivy 
dir;e!;  all  il^.-ir  ri  ligious  worlhip  to  tiioie  in- 
terior dolti  i :  ,Lm;>"glt  wiiich  they  reckon 
a;  the  prinii}ali    firtl,    a   tort  of  reddith 
brc-.vii  fiiake  ;    next  to  it,    the  h.igh  lot'ty 
trees,  of  a   Ivaiitiiu)  torm  ;    and   next    to 
thi  m  again,  the  lea.     'I'liefe  three  chief  di- 
viniii  s,   I  ly  they,  we  worlhip  and  pray  to 
all  over  tills  land,  ^achof  them  having  its  par- 
ti'ul.r  pierogat'v-  and  power,  ditlinctlrom 
theother;  but  with  tliisclitl'erence,  the  liiake- 
t;o.l  has  .  n  linlir.iitcd  power  over  the  trees 
.,■1  \  .1,  andean  rule  And  repro\-e  them  in 
t   •1.'  they  be  How  or  negleeitui,    in  ai^ting 
the  ''.irta  of  their  ofHces,  amongll  the  ere.i- 
tur   ^'Jl'  r,ie  univcrle  ;  and  thole  two  I'ubor- 
dinate  'iivinities  are  in  no  wife  to  intermeddle 
in  tl     ofFici-  of  the  fnakegod. 

Bcfi  Lstliule  three  principal  deities,  they 
have  an  infinite  number  ot  interior  id.il- 
god,,  i.atur.d  and  ani'nal,  vsho  derive 
their  pn-rt'ga'.ives  and  ofH.es  trom  the  three 
principal  betori-  meniiou'd,  luii  molt  parii- 
cupi!y  Iron  th'.  aniind  g  ■•',  th'-  Ihake  ; 
an  I  eviry  n  m  is  allow'  :  in  ma;.e  him'elfas 
ni.tny  of  liiCie  iiit>riui  iocil  go  .b,  .    '!•■  thinks 


convenient :  as  lor  inflance,  if  a  Bl.uk  re- 
tolves  upon  important  bufinets,  he  firil 
learches  out  a  god-protei^lor,  which  isco;ii- 
monly  the  lirll  creature  he  I'pies,  dog,  c.t, 
or  other  moff  contemptible  .inimal,  or  any 
inanimate  thing,  a  tlone,  a  piece  of  wooi!, 
or  the  like. 

Pecim.i.ar  Proti:ctor. 
T^  H  1''.    god  -  p.rotec'tor    tluis  accidental!,- 
■*■     f')und  out,  tlie  ELick  immediately  pp,'- 
llnts  him  with  an  ortering,  ami  makes  a  lo- 
ler.in  vow,   that  in   c.de  he  lucceeds  in  ilie 
a.'-air  he  is  to  enter  upon,   lie  will  very  rt 
ligiotilly  for   the  lut'.ire  hold  and   worllaji 
him  as  Ids  peculiar  dt  ity.     Which  he  actor- 
dingjly  pertorms,  if  the  event  aniwers  hii 
exp-dation -,    prdenting  that   dumb  iki'.y 
every  il.iy  with  new  tin ritices,  and  pi-ayir.g 
to  him.     On  the  lontrary,  it  he  niiill's  I'.is 
•lim  in  that  all'air,   he  takes  no  more  notice 
of  the  chanie-god.      In  fl-,ort,    they  make 
.ind  unmake  their  gods  daily,  and  are  the''';- 
m, '.tiers  or  inventors  ot'  tlie  objeift:s  of  their'"' 
religious  worfliiji. 

I'.very  int'ividiial  inhabitant  of  /•'.■■/.;,  is 
not  lo  cretluloiifly  aildicled  to  thole  grot-, 
tupertlitions :  tor  tome  of  tliot'e  who  have 
C(;nverled  molt  wi:h  A';* /•<-/<'<//,;,  and  can 
ipeak  their  langua::,cs,  are  commonly  .ic 
i]iiaintetl  with  the  principles  of  the  chrillian 
religion,  and  h.ive  a  rational  notion  of  the 
true  God,  ,iiid  how  he  is  to  be  worlhipped, 
and  alcribe  to  him  the  creation  ot' the  iini- 
vert'e,  .indol  .ill  theere.iturcs  thjiein.  'i'liole, 
whole  number  is  not  great ,  ridicule  the  t.ihe  B  i . 
deities  ot  their  country,  when  they  dJanirli''' ' 
with  us,  anil  teem  to  regard  tlicin  no  lartliLT 
than  is  necitliry,  not  to  incur  the  hatred  of 
their  coiinttymeii,  or  to  m  ke  their  tiiintls 
and  relaliuiib  caly  with  thein  ;  being  alw.iys 

very 


V£ 

pe 
ir,- 

fX 

th, 
(loi 


M>. 


tain 
ii:i  'ill. 


lutf. 


anc 

inn 

vati 

as  ' 

are 

in  01 

of  1 1 

liabi 

pati 

proj 

cu  u 

parti 

by  c 

tliey 


Ironi 

det'cri 

ii  the 

which 

browr 

of  th, 

tlie  th 

very  ^ 

tliem, 

are  at 

low   i 

throat 

Ilieir 

IS  .1  loi 

rats, 

pens  t 

.ind 

come, 

moll 

!^et  at 

long 

of  th, 

flow 

to!; 

and  til 
'i'h( 

two 

and  ij 

tree, 

chief 
tiiey  n 
man, 
cotlntci 
god,s ; 
years  a< 
nets  ol 
come 


loy  : 


ai 


Book  IV. 

hafc  (I.wls  ; 
■ing  ulud  111 
r  to  the  ilc- 
of  the  tnik- 

L'Uoning  tl.* 


Chap.  3- 


Coafts  of  South-Guinea. 


341 


ay 


ix.idlK 


minncr  by 
,  tl-..it  they 
nths,  wtik  , 
lu'ir  fowing- 
t  cvtry  three 

Nor  ilo  wc 
iVals.  None 
jt  even  thti'- 


nferior  da- 
s  ;  of  trees, 
cd. 

if  .1  BLuk  re- 
nds, he  firil 
which  is  co:ii- 
iles,  Jog,  c.'.t, 
aninwl,  or  .my 
piece  of  wood, 

C  T  O  R  . 

.115  .icciiient.il'iy 
nmediately  pry- 
ml  nwkcs  ii  Ib- 
lucceetls  in  ilic 
will  very  re 
\nvl   worll;i\i 
hich  he  iVLLor- 
nt  anlwers  hh 
dumb  dei'.y 
;\nd  prAying 
he  miflls  his 
n,)  more  iiutice 
t,    tliey  m.vkc 
,\nd  are  the'' 

obicds  of  thcii  ;,;',■'" 

ant  ot   7';./.),  1^ 
10  ihole  tirol^ 
ihole  who  have 
/,'.(M,    .ind  i.in 
;  commonly  .'C 
,  ol'  the  chnllian 
,,  notion  ot  till' 
be  worlliiprc^*' 
anon  ot'theum- 
,  therein.  'I'ho''"' 
liJicule the  talk' B- 
en  ihey  d>Uovirle ',';;;, 
IthemnotartlKr 
airthelutvedot 
ke  their  IrKiiJ-^ 

In  •,  beiiit;  .>l^''y^ 
very 


\kh. 


very  cautious  not  to  rail  at  their  grofs  fu-  tier  ot  religious  rcii'ce'l  and  homage,  tjicy  BAimor. 
nerftitions,  nor  to  reveal  to  them  the  con-  carried  it  on  a  Cilk  carpet  to  the  holy  houle  ^-^y"^ 
trary  notions  they  have  concerning  the  true     it  is  now  kept  in. 

fxillence  of  the  divinity,  and  the  worfliip         The  reverence   and  refiieft   the    f^^i^<:^>  f,';^[',',^  " 
th.it  is  due  to  it  -,    becaufe  that  woulii  un-     have  for  the  Ihake  is  lo  great,  that  if  one  of 
doubtcdly  prejudice tliem  very  much  in  their    them  lliould  but  touch  one  with  a  ftitk, 
worldly  concerns.  or  any  otherwile  hurt  it,    he  is  fentenced 

Befides  all  the  above-mentioned  natural     without  lemillion  lo  be  burnt  alive.     At 

fird  fetrhng  of  the  J-:i:aJ,j/.i  at  Fidn,  a  c.ip- 
tain  of  that  nation,  having  landed  and 
houled  his  cargo,  or  part  of  it,  his  men 
found  one  night  a    liiake    in    their  lodsj;'-. 


and  animal  deities  of  Fiilii,  they  have  an 
innumerable  multituele  ot  iiiols ;  c.ich  pri- 
vate perlon  making  as  many  as  he  pleates, 
as  well  as  the  prince  and  great  men  :  they 


are  commonly  puppets,  m.idc  either  oi  tac  which  they  immediately  killed,  and  threw 
mould,  or  ot  a  white  potter's  clay,  where-  it  out  at  their  door,  being  ignorant  ol  the 
of  tliey  have  infinite  numbers,  both  in  their    conlequenccs  of  what  they  had  done,    as 

meaning  no  harm.  The /J'.dL  in  tne  morn- 
ing leeing  the  de.id  fnake,  and  the  f.i:g!ij/.i 
very  innocently  telling  them,  without  bciniJ 


.\al)itations,  and  about  the  ro.ids  and  toot- 
n.itlis  all  over  fiie  coinury  ot  J'iila,  under 
proper  huts  .uul  niches  ;  befides  a  vail 
ciuiuity  of  other  I  l.iy  huts,  erected  in  all 
parts,  to  t>  at  up  all  fuch  Ihakes,  as  ihey 
bv  chance  meet  on  the  roads :  which  huts 
they  ca'l '  f-is  de  Dios,  or  god's  houfes. 

WORSIIII'    <,f  .S.VAKES. 

A  vS  to  this  fn.ike-worlliip,  which   is  there 


aik'd  who  had 
tetl  them  on  ; 


were  in  the  lot'ge,  an 


-^      the  gr.iiid  elevotion  of  ail 
from  tlie  king    to    the  ll  ive  ; 


the  peo|Me, 
I   lli.dl   lirtt 


illeil  !t,  nnmetliately  aliiuil- 
fid.s,  murdering    all    tliatr.n^'illi 
d  burning  it,  with  .dl  """''"''' 
the  goods  that  were  in  it:  which  barbarity'""*''"'  '' 
fo  difcourageel  the  Engiijl;  that  tor  a  long 
time    they  refrained  going  thither  to  tr.uie, 
but    c.irried   on  their   commerce   in  other 
pans  ot  Giiihed  ■■,  till  at  lall,  lome  \-eniur'd 
thitheragain,  and  have  ever finee  continued 


ilelcribe  the  projier  lort  of  liiakes,    which  todo  l'ounm()lelled,ol;leivingverycauiiotiily 

is  the  chief  deity  of  the  Blacki.,   Ix-ingthat  not  to  do  the  leall  harm    to  ,uiy  Ihakes; 

which  is  ffreak'd  with  white,    yellow  anil  which  is  in    like  m.-.nner  cx.itlly  obferved 

brown:  the  biggell  commonly   feen  there  by  all  other  Europeans    trading   at  /•;./.;, 

of  th.it  fort,    is  about  li.x  foot  long,  ,ind  being   always    informed  by  the  Blacks  at 


the  thicknel's  ot   a   man's   arm  ;    they   are 
vei7  greedy  ot  rat's  llelli,  frequently  chacc 
Jul"     tiiem,    and   when   they   have  cuight  one, 
"'"'■"'are  at  lealt  an  hour  before  they  can   fwal- 
low   it  down,     as  having  a  very   narrow 
throat,  which  when    they  are  to   fwallow 
their   prey,    extends  itlelt  by  degrees.    It 
IS  a  tort  of  diverfion  to  tee  that  .mimal  chace 
rats,  and  Iwallow  them.     If  a   liiake  hap- 
pens to    be  under  the  tiling  of  a    houle, 
:uul  fees  a  rat  pal's  by,  at  which  it  cannot 
fonie,  the  Inake  will  hil's,  and  ufe   her  ut- 
moll  eneleavoiirs  to  diltngage  herfelt,    an.l 
<;et  at  it  i  but  becaufe  that  requires  a  pretty 
long  time,  the  rats,  as  it  they  were  fc  nlible 
fit  th.it  long  cree[iing  animal's  being  very 
(low   to   move,    will   pal's   and   repals    be- 
fore her  feveral  times,  as  it  were  in  Icorn  : 
and  thisisoltm  obl'irvcd  in  the  evening. 
!«((.         The  princip.d  fn.ikc-houle   ftatids  about 
'■"'       two  leagues  or  more  trom  the  king's  town, 
and  '[•,  erce'fed  under  a  very  beautiful,    lotty 
tree,  in  which  the  Bmch  lay,    refide;  the 
chief  and  laigell  of  all  the  fnakes,  which 
tliey  rcprefent  as    big  as   a  rommon-fi<^ed 
man,  and  of  an  immenle  length,  being  ac- 
counted the  proereator  ot  all  the  other  Inake- 
gods ;  and  h.iving  been  found  out  very  many 
years  ago,  when  by  real'on   of  the  wicked- 
iicl's  of  men,    it  let't  another  country,    to 
come  to  then'',  which  cauled  an  univerfal 
joy  ;  and  alt.r  having  rendcr'd  it  all  man- 
V  0  ;..  V. 


tueir  full  laniiing,  that  the  fnakci  are  the 
gods  ol  their  country,  and  required  not 
to  molell  them,  in  any  manner  whatliievcr. 

l''.vtr  fince  that  tragical  accident  belallen  Koroiicint 
t!"e  Enjijilh,  we  have  not  heard  ol  any  harm  rjuihut  of 
lAonc  10  Europcu'is,  they  being  all  very  cau  «-""/'■'"'• 
tious  how  they  meddle  with  fnakes  ;   tliough 
many  of  thole  infects  Ireciuintly  enti  r  their 
lodges,  in  hot  lun-lhine  v/eather,  fometimcs 
live  or  fix  01  them  together,  creeping  upon 
their  chairs,  benches,  tables,  and  even  their 
beds,  wliillf  they  are  alleep  :  nay,  fome  of 
thole  vermin,    if  th.ey   get  a    good    pi. ice 
under  a  bed,  and  like  if,  and  the  lijrvants, 
out  of  la/.inefs,  do  not  turn  up  the  bedding, 
will   continue    there    a   whole   week,    and 
perhaps  breed  there. 

When  any  fnakes  come  thus  to  harbour 
in  the  houfos  of  Kmopiuim.,  lome  of  them 
will  give  notice  thereot  to  the  natives,  who 
gently  carry   them  out   of  doors,    it  vliey  j/,,  rij-.j^j 
are  tound   in  fuch  places  as  they   can  \.\\  remoz! 
hold  ot  them  -,    but  if  they  happen   to  be  '*'''"• 
gotten  to  the  Joyce,  or  any  other  high  place 
ot  the  lioules,   though  they  be  but  one  fiory 
high,    the  Blacki  will  I'carce  be  perfuaded 
to  remove  them  Irom  thence;  and  fo  arc 
left  till  they  come  out  of  theml'elvcs,  which 
fometimes  will  be  a  fortnight,  without  eat- 
ing any  thing;  though  the  fimple  crcituloiis 
B'(hk>  believe,  the  fnake  thus  perdu  d  on 
higii,  knows  how  to  feed  ulelf :  and  it  has 
Sfff  hap- 


i'l  5;ii, 


■I'"*: 


i  ^  liiiii 


«tn':,iil 


ji';? 


342- 

i^AUHOT. 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  IV. 


TiV  Jeath 
I)  hurt 
them. 


jl'       ,    'J'l 


ll'vrfl'if 
fu'hl  to 
thru). 


![     a 


I'i 


'I 


Way  /O  ^« 
rid  cf  the 

niacks. 


in  n    "^    i 


hippcncil,  tli.li  fonif  £«ro/>f(jw  having  li.id 
a  Inakc  a  lon)j;  liiiit  in  their  houff,  have  ac- 
ijij.uiucil  thi'  kiiij^  with  it,  wlio  lias  imme- 
diately line  ihini  a  tat  ox,  to  pay  for  that 
creature's  Iwiaril. 

Jt  an  Eurofr.ni  lliotikl  haijpen  to  kill  a 
Ihakc  tiir)usi;li  inatlvertenry,  ami  without 
any  ciclij^ii,  lie  woiilil  certainly  iiiulergd  the 
lame  tatc  as  iliDl'e  Eiif^lijh  above-mentioned  \ 
unlefs  he  (oukl  ni.ike  his  cleape  to  the 
king,  amllatisfy  him,  that  it  was  an  accident, 
and  he  may  then  prevail  with  the  jTiells 
to  accept  of  a  line  ;  but  this  is  vt  ry  ha- 
zardous, if  the  latrilker  flioulil  go  about 
to  raik-  the  muhituilc.  I  would  theretore 
advil'e  all  /'■(/»o/'(v;«i  in  tliofe  pares,  to  be 
cautious  of  any  thin;';  of  th.u  nature. 

An  .■IrjUiitHtioi'  Hlihl-,  lia\  ing  once  takch 
up  a  lii,.kc  on  his  Itick,  as  not  daring  to 
handle  it,  and  To  c.irrinl  it  gently  out 
of  the  houle,  without  any  hurt  done  to 
the  creature,  two  or  three  Jiila  B!,ukf  who 
h.ippeiv.d  to  lee  it,  let  up  tlieiry,  as  lliey 
do  tor  fire  -,  whereupon,  the  mob  immedi- 
ately llo.  1,'d  to  the  place  in  arms,  ,iiid 
hail  eirtainly  muri'ered  the  iowV^n  Bl-.iik, 
but  that  the  kini',  being  informeil  of  his 
innocence,  lelcutd  him  from  them,  by 
femiing  his  prim''  miniilers  to  hisanillance. 

When  a  fnakc  gets  intoa  7).<;./('s  houfe, 
he  immediately  fends  for  the  next  nrielt, 
who  c.u  ries  th.it  mWA  to  the  fnake-houle  -, 
and  if  alk'd,  whither  they  defign  to  carry 
ii,  they  .uifwer,  that  the  god  they  hold 
will  direct  them.  No  perlbn  pafTesby  the 
iiiake-houies,  without  going  in  to  worlliip 
thofe  vermin,  and  enquire  what  they  fli.dl 
t!o  to  pleafe  them.  Every  houle  has  an 
old  jnielUls  who  is  maintained  by  the  pro- 
vifions  continually  c.irried  for  the  lii.ikes, 
by  thole  fuperllitious  people  :  and  flicgivis 
tlv,  m  .mfwers  to  their  livei.d  quell  ions,  in 
a  low  voice,  as  die  mouth  of  thofe  deities. 
She  orders  one  not  to  have  to  do  with 
his  wives  at  certain  times  and  leafons  ;  ano- 
ther not  to  eat  fowls,  beet  or  mutton,  on 
fuch  and  luJi  days;  anotlicr  not  to  diink 
julm-wine,  nor  bier ;  and  lo  others  to 
anit.ii.i  from  oilier  things,  according  to 
her  fancy  :  which  thofe  ignorant  ])eop|e 
religioufly  obferve,  believing  that  their  dei- 
ties woul.i  iiilallibly  punifli  the  leall  tranf- 
grefTioii  with  death. 

lliis  fliows  what  great  refptft  thofe  peo- 
ple hive  for  luch  vermin,  and  how  dange- 
rous it  IS  to  do  them  any  harm.  For  this 
rcafon,when  we  are  weary  of  the  JiLukf,  and 
defire  to  be  rid  of  them,  we  need  only  fpeak 
ill  of  the  fnake,  at  which  they  will  im- 
mediately Ifop  their  ears,  and  run  out  of 
doors  •,  but  no  Black  of  any  other  n,i  jon, 
muft  preliime  to  do  the  like,  "'Liiiout  he 
will  run  himlelt  into  great  danger,  and 
the  natives  dare  not  otil-r  at  it. 


The  bell  is,  that  thofe  fnakcs  do  no  m\{- Hum,,, , 
chiet  to  mankind  :  for  if  they  h.ippen  to  be/"*»i. 
trtxl  upon,  and  bite  or  Aing,  it  does  no 
more  hurt  than  the  (ling  of  the  tnillepe. 
dcs,  before  fpoken  of  in  the  defcription 
of  the  Ciri/il-CoiiJl.  'riureforc  it  is,  that 
the  B!ihL<  lio  think  it  good,  to  be  bit  by 
thofe  inlliffs,  becaule  they  fancy  it  fecuies 
them  from  the  (ling  of  other  poifonous 
liiakes,  whereof  tliere  are  great  numbers 
in  that  country.  But  how  riili(  iilous  this 
notion  of  their's  is,  appears  by  the  frequent 
battels  we  there  fee  between  thofe  fnake- 
deities,  and  the  venomous  (hakes,  which 
are  much  ihelargell  ;  anil  there  being  great 
enmity  between  them,  would  certainly  de- 
(Iroy  the  worlhippeil  vermin,  were  not 
(bme  Biticki  .dways  at  hand  to  tefcue  thiir 
gods. 

It  a  fir,'  hapixns  to  break  out,  and 
one  or  more  (hakes  are  burnt  in  it,  e- 
vcry  one  that  hears  it  flops  his  ears,  ami 
giv -s  money  to  be  reconciled  to  the  burr.t 
Inakc-god,  for  having  been  fo  cireKls  of 
hi,n  ;  tfo'  they  linnly  believe  the  burnt- 
inake  will  quklJy  return,  to  t.d<e  ven- 
geance of  Inch  as  have  occafioned  its  death, 
by  this  accidtnt  of  fire.  If  any  of  thcin 
happen  to  be  kill'd  by  a  bead,  either 
dtfignedly  or  accidentally,  upon  complaint 
made  to  the  king,  by  the  prieds,  th.it 
prince  Ibmetiiius,  to  fatisly  them  and  the 
j)fople,  will  order  a  gcnir.d  flaughler  of 
the  beads  of  the  fame  kind,  as  th.it  which 
lo  killed  the  worlliipped  fnakcs;  and  the 
comnionidty  of  the  Blackt  do  execute  it 
with  (words  and  clubs,  till  the  king  fee- 
ing a  cer.ain  number  lb  lacriticed,  to  iip- 
peafe  their  fnake-god,  and  being  petition'd 
by  the  owners,  revokes  his  order,  and  for- 
bids any  firther  execution  :  which  pio- 
ceed'ngs  futrKimtly  tellify,  how  arbitra- 
rily the  prince  and  the  priells  rule  the 
peop.e,  both  in  civil  and  religious  matters. 

'i'h;  FUiifiaiis  invoke  the  Inakc,    in  ex-^"'"." 
ccfTive  wet,  dry  or  barren  leafons;    upon":!'''"' 
all   occurrences    relating    to   government  ,  ' 
for   the  prefervation  of   their  cattle  ;    anJ, 
to  be  diort,  in  all  ntceditics  and  ditlicul- 
ties. 

The  king,  at  the  inlligation  of  the 
prieds,  anil  his  courtiers,  who  are  com- 
monly the  cool:,  ot  thofe  prieds,  fends  very 
rich  offerings  to  the  fnake-houle,  of  moiiev, 
nik  fluffs,  cattle,  eatables,  liquors,  anil 
many  other  things  of  the  product  of 
the  country,  or  from  Euroj.'e  ;  whidi 
in  all  likelihood  thofe  crafty  (ucrifi- 
cers  c-^'ivert  to  their  o*n  u("e.  This  they 
fb  treqjently  demand  of  him,  that  foine- 
times  he  grows  tired,  andiienies  them  their 
requed,  and  [  erhaps  in  an  angry  m.mncr, 
if  tt  is  rev]uire  1  on  account  of  obtaining  a 
good  crop,   and  he  thinks  he  has  lent  e- 

nough 


IN  < 


iMi! 


BooKlV  I  Chap.  3-         Coafls  0/ South-Guinea. 


do  no  mif-  H«rm„^, 
ppeii  to  be/"*" 
c   docs  no 
e   millepe- 
defcrijition 
it  is,     that 
)  be  bit  by 
y  it  fecures 
r   jioifonous 
at  numbers 
i<  ulous  tliis 
I  lie  Iriqtunt 
thole  in;»i<i'- 
kes,    which 

being  gre.it 
certainly  ile- 
,    were  not 

tellue  their 

k   our,    ami 
It   in   it,    e- 
is  ears,    ami 
to  the  burnt 
'()  carciels  iif 
'e  the  burni- 
to   t.ike  yen- 
ned its  di'.ith, 
any  of  them 
beidl,    either 
ion  tonipl.iint 
priefts,    t!iAt 
tlieni  and  the 
I  (laughter  of 
as  that  which 
ikc> ;  and  the 
'o  cxeeute  it 
the   king  fcc- 
ed,    to  ap- 
ng  pPtitionM 
ler,  anil  t'or- 
which  pro- 
iw  arbitra- 
lls    rule  the 
ious  matters, 
nakc,    in  ex--^"' 
alons ;    upon 
government 
:attle  i    and, 
and   difnciil- 

;atton  of  the 
vho  are  com- 
Ih,  fends  very 
lie,  of  money, 
liquors,    and 
produd    of 
which 
laerifi- 
This  they 
11,    that  lonie- 
lies  them  their 
Ingry  m.inner, 
tf'obtaining  a 
le  has  fent  e- 
nough 


roje  ; 
;  nifty 


ii,i/r/. 


nough  already  for  that  feafon,  and  is  lln- 
fihle  the  bell  |Mrt  of  the  corn  is  rotten  in 
the  fields,  he  will  tell  them  plainly,  he  does 
not  defign  any  farther  oHerings  -,  and  if 
the  fnake  will  not  beftow  a  plentiful  har- 
vilU  he  may  let  it  alone. 

'1  he  kings  of  Ilia,  make  yearly  pilgri- 
iii.ifes  to  the  fnakehouff,  in  great  itatc  ; 
;iiid  voneUide  them  with  rich  j'trlcnts,  not 
only  to  the  fnake-god,  but  alfo  the  great 
perfon*.  of  tiie  nation  that  have  accompa- 
nied him  thitiier,  which  is  very  expenfive 
to  him.  Tliis  prelent  king,  if  he  does  not 
ptrtorm  it  in  perlon  lomc  years,  orders  it 
to  ho  done  by  Ids  wives,  which  is  not  fo  ex- 
jrnfive  to  ilim. 

H,)wever,  it  on  the  one  hand  this  fnakc- 
cod's  ii^rvicc  proves  chargeable  to  the  prince, 
ihe  revenues  which  accrue  to  him  horn  it, 
are  on  the  other  hand  very  conliderable : 
lor  cvei7  year  wiien  tiie  Iiulian  wheat  is 
lowed,  till  it  grows  up  to  a  man's  height, 
he  an. I  the  prietls  get  much  money  by  tiie 
yoiin^;  worn',  n  .ind  girls,  that  are  fee  to 
w.itch  and  g'l.ud  the  corn  fields  againlt  the 
devouring  birds  and  other  animals. 

Thofe  y<;ving  vomen  are  often  carried 
away,  and  the  limple  credulous  fi/dJ-j  made 
lohclieve,  that  the  fnikes  during  the  whole 
lial'on  make  it  their  bulinefs,  every  evening 
and  night,  to  feize  all  the  beautiful  young 
women  that  pleafe  ihem,  and  to  make 
tlieni  diftraffed,  and  to  cure  them.  The 
parents  carry  ftich  mad  girls  \o  a  particu- 
l.ir  houfe,  built  for  that  piirpofc,  where 
ihcy  are  obliged  to  (lay  feveral  months, 
as  ihey  give  us  to  underffand,  to  he  cured 
of  their  madnefs  •,  and  during  that  time, 
tlrv  nuifV  furnilb  them  with  all  forts  of 
ncctllaius  lo  plentifully,  that  there  is  enough 
ior  thf-  jrielis  alfo  to  lubfdt  on. 
, ;.  \Vh(  n  till  time  of  this  confinement  is  c- 
'«''  lapfed,  they  obtain  leave  to  come  out,  af- 
ter they  have  paid  the  charges  of  their 
cure  and  keeping,  which  are  commonly  in 
proportion  to  the  circumflances  of  their 
piams :  fo  that  by  a  near  calculation,  one 
young  woman  with  another,  brings  in 
twenty  crowns;  and  the  number  of  fueh  as 
are  tlais  confined  on  account  of  dilhac- 
I  dnefs,  amounts  to  leveral  thoufands  yearly, 
eachvillage  having  a  particular  houfe  appoin- 
icdlorthat  fervice,and  the  towns  two  or  three 
Ml  h.  The  iiioney  arifing  from  thofe  cures, 
h  iliought  by  ihe  generality  of  that  nation, 
to  be  employ'd  in  religious  ufes  by  the 
priefts  ;  but  it  is  very  apparent,  that  the 
king  has  the  bed  part  of  it,  and  the  priefts 
ihe  overplus. 

The  Blanks  believe,  that  as  fbon  as  a 
young  woman  is  touch'd  by  the  fnake,  flie 
prelciitly  runs  mad  •,  and  that  if  not  iinmedi- 
itely  confined  in  the  fnake-houfe,  fhe'll  break 
and  fpoil  every  thin»  that  comes  in  her  way  : 


343 

for  which  reafon  they  never  fail  to  (hutHvanoT. 
her  up,  when  once  fufpefted  of  ni.idnefs.  '•V\J 
And  to  entertain  this  opinion  in  them  all, 
the  priefts,  from  time  to  time,  appoint 
Ibnie  fuch  girls,  as  they  pretend  to  have 
been  touch'd  by  the  fnake,  who  commit 
all  nanncr  of  dilorders  about  the  country. 

They  alfo  perfuaile  the  BLuki,  and  the 
poor  credulous  people  tell  us,  that  a  fiiake 
will  carry  off  a  girl  out  of  the  fn.ike-lioufe, 
thougii  it  be  dole  fhut  up  •,  and  to  con- 
vince the  (wople  of  it,  the  priefts  diligently 
obit  'e  thole  young  women,  who  have  ne- 
ver been  afteaed  by  the  Ihake,  they  pre- 
vail on  them,  firft  hy  promifes,  or  after- 
wards by  threats,  to  pertoi  m  what  they  ile- 
fire  of  them,  vu.  that  heing  in  the  Itreet, 
anil  feeing  the  codl  dear  of  people  on  all 
fides,  they  let  on  crying  and  r.iviiig  with 
all  their  might,  as  tho'  the  liiake  had  tall 
hold  of  them,  and  ordcr'd  them  to  rep.dr 
to  the  fnake-houfe  ;  and  if  any  jjciion 
comes  to  their  alliftancc,  to  tell  tliem,  (he 
fnake  is  vai.ifhed,  and  that  they  are  mad, 
which  obli;i,es  their  parents  to  confine  them 
to  the  liiake-houle.  And  when  the  lime 
of  their  being  difmifted  i.  come,  the  p;  idl 
lays  a  fevere  injuniffion  on  them,  not  to 
reveal  how  they  were  leiziil  by  the  lii.ike, 
or  rather  not  to  difcover  the  che.it ;  but  to 
aflirm,  the  Ihake  did  it,  threatning  th:m 
with  being  burnt  alive,  if  they  don't  exadlly 
comply  herein. 

The  king,  who  finds  thofe  religious  frauds 
yield  him  much  money,  as  well  as  the 
priefts,  is  no  lefs  willing  than  they,  to  con- 
firm the  people  in  thole  follies  they  are 
made  to  believe,  concerning  that  fort  of 
madnefs  in  young  women,  isc.  and  now 
and  then  caufes  Ibme  one  of  his  own  d.iugh- 
ters  to  p'ccend  to  be  leized  by  the  fcike  ; 
and  immediately  lend-,  her  away  to  iIk  fnake- 
houfe,  where  flie  is  confineii  for  lome  time 
only,  but  not  fb  long  as  is  cuftomary  for 
gills  of  an  inferior  nink  :  and  when  fbe  is 
difchargcd  from  thence,  all  the  other  young 
women,  ih.it  hapjien  then  to  iiave  been  Ihut 
ui>  there,  are  on  her  account  alio  dilniinid. 

On  the  day  of  the  princels's  delivery,  flic 
is  brought  out  in  a  fplemlid  manner,  and 
.ondufti^d  with  all  the  other  young  women, 
relealeii  (;n  her  account,  to  the  king's  court, 
having  only  i  fdk  fcarf  pafix-d  hetwixt  her 
legs,anu  being  richly  adorned  with  beads  and 
corab,  much  valuable  there. 

In  this  equigage,  v.liilftftie  is  there,  fli' 
commits  all  manner  of  extravagancies,  du- 
ring the  pUying  on  feveral  mufical  inftru- 
ments  •,  which  madnefs  the  Bliuh  prelent 
firmly  believe  remained  in  her,  by  reafon 
of  her  being  enlarged  before  the  expiration 
of  her  due  time  of  con'inement. 

During  that  time,  th  mort  notable  per- 
fons  of  the  court  croud  thither  for  three 

or 


^\  11  tr 


»fiS\*'!'W 


•iii 


•x^\ 


„.;  '  1 


'\n 


^ililri 


it 


344 


j4  Defer ipt ion  of  the 


Book  IV 


BAunDT.orfourilayi  fuccfffively,  with  their  prflents    on  fome  more  particuiir  occafions,  and  in 

^>^V>^  for  the  iximcfs,  amounting  all  together  to     this  niamiiT. 
conliileriblcv.ilue  i  anil  lothcyoung 


•  ''r  n 


.1  very  conluler,llJll'v.llue 
lady,  or  rather  the  king,  [^etsvery  conlulc- 
ral)'!y  hy  the  iluMt.  If  any  Bl.id;  wiUr 
tlian  others,  ii  renl'iblc  ot  the  (rami,  yet  will 
he,  to  avoiii  iiuurrini;  [hcclirpUalurc  ot  the 
kin;;  ami  iiriells,  .iiul  tor  his  own  Iccurity, 
fliuc  his  eyes,  pretenii  ip;m)rance,  ami 
allow  it  tor  a  real  truth,  lo  avoid  lieing 
poifonfid  ,  a'.  li.ipi'enM  to  a  Bl,iii-  of  the 
(iolJ-Co.i !,  iiiai  ried  to  a  J-hla  woman,  who 
pretended  to  be  iL'i/cd  by  the  fnakc ;  bii' 
he,  inllead  ot"  lending  her  to  the  fnake- 
hoiife,  as  beinG;ot  aditl"ercntreii{i;ion,  dapt 
her  in  irons :  which  lb  enraged  the  woman, 
that  llie  iiri\-.iii.!y  aerulcd  him  to  the  priells, 
who,  not  c.iving  to  make  any  pubiiek  at 
tenip's  on  iiiin,  bieaule  he  was  ul  a  dilli- 
rent  nation  atui  rdiiiion,  letreily  poilonM 
him,  Ii)  that  he  became  Ipeeehlcl-.,  .md  loll 
the  ule  ot  all  his  limbs. 

The  riligiotis  worlliip  and  adoration  ot 
fnakes,  or  t'eriKiits,  is  not  peculiar  to  thole 
people  ',  lijver.d  other  nations  liavc  prultikd 
it  :  lor  noi.  to  mention  tiie  golden  fcrfieni, 
worftiippil  by  t!ie  tirtl  Iiraditt's,  nor  the 
hilloi  y  we  havr  in  In  ipture,  ot  i  dragon  or 
ll-rpent  adored  by  the  H.il'\lot;ian)  ;  iln 
l\g  \pli.iiif  had  in  lormer  times  a  fingular  ve- 
neration tor  a  certain  lpecieso*"4//i;  or  ler- 
p^nts,  calkil  1  heniHitii,  pretending;  it  was 
(acred,  and  tiieretore  they  paid  it  a  jieculiar 
rclpeft,  according  to  .-Elian. 

The  lerpeni  was  accounted  by  tlie  Eg\l- 
I'utnsy  one  ot  the  moll  venerable  lymbolsof 
religion  ;   l:u:cbiu<. 

Serpents  were  adored  in  Priijna,  according 
to  ErdimusSifUj,  in  liis  antiquities  ot  Borujiiii, 


AV,-i;slliP    o/'I'REtS,    aij  til-  '-.YA. 

17 1  U  hi  as  to  trees,  they  make  of^cringj 
•*•  anil  prav  fo  them  in  time  ot  fickncis, 
and  more  elpccially  under  levers,  tor  tlu' 
recovery  ot  the  patients ',  width  tiicy  think 
is  more  properly  the  province  of  the  tree- 
dci'ics,  and  of  the  Inake-gods.  licfidf, 
svhali  ilcii.;'s,  on  luch  occafions  ihey  :\\,i 
tacrifice  to  the  other  interior  idol-gods  i 
and  their  lupcrtlition  is  lo  extelTive  herein, 
that  when  the  king  is  lick,  they  lacnhce  .1 
man,  and  eat  part  <  his  flclli,  iniionouroi 
thole  extravagant  dui.'S. 

VViien  the  lea  i-  tempeftuous  and  ragini.', 
lo  as  to  iiindcr  goods  from  being  brought 
aliiorei  or  when  no  lliips  hav  lien  tlui,- 
tor  a  long  time,  and  they  would  tain  Ire 
them  come,  the  l.u  nficcs  or  olilrings  lor 
that  third  principd  deity  of  tlie  hduiitnis, 
arc  ail  Ions  ot  goods,  call  into  it,  but  tiii 
lort  of  ottering  turning  to  no  profit  to  tin: 
prietts,  they  do  nut  mucli  entourage  th>: 
pradice  ot  it. 

Puitsrs  and  Pr  iesti;sse';. 
'^■''lll^  religious  tuntti.iiis  are  there  pei- 
'-  formed  by  men  and  women  inditl'eient- 
ly  -,  and  both  the  priells  and  prielldlls are 
lb  highly  reverent'd  by  all  thepeo[)le,  tliat 
they  ire  not  to  be  punillied  any  mannirof 
way,  even  for  the  I'loll  horrid  crimes  they 
can  commit;  unlets  tor  liigh-ircafun  againll 
tiic  king's  perlbn,  as  it  happened  in  this  king's 
reign,  th.ii  a  prieU  had  tonl'pii'd  with  the 
king's  brotlier  to  murder  him  ■,  tiir  whiiii 
crime  both  the  king's  brotlier,  and  the  |)ricll, 


i.  e.  Pn<iTia,l.ib.  10.  Thole  people,  in  former     after  due  tonvic'lion,  were  both  condemn'd 
agis,  having  no  religion,  began  it  by  tlie     to  death,  liy  the  king  and   hia  council,  ani! 


adoration  of  lerpcnts. 

fn  the  tinie  of  ^igiitnund,  baron  of  Hii- 
/■riifeiii,  in  his  relation  of  Miifcov).,  a  terpen: 
w,is  adored  in  Samogitid,  and  in  LithUiima. 
And  we  hear  of  fome  nations  in  the  litMci, 
whidi  totlii^  il.iy  adore  ler[)ents  ;  Jniitii. 

It  has  been  luppoled,  that  the  ILoman., 
in  a  time  of  [dague,  fetch'd  from  I:/ulai<rus, 
Ej'iuLipius,  the  ton  of  Afciio,  in  the  form  of 
a  very  monllrous  lerpent,  to  whom  the  Ro- 
vtans  gave  a  magnificent  reception  at  his 
landing,    on  an  illand    in    the   Tyk-r  ;    the 


accordingly  executed 

The  prielletres  aie  as  much  honoured  ii> 
the  pncds,  or  rather  more  ;  inlomiieh,  that 
they  ail'ume  to  tliemldw-,  tlie  dilliiiciive 
name  of  God's  children.  And  where.!',  all 
other  women  are  liable  to  a  flavilh  lubniil- 
fion  to  their  hulbands,  thefe  prielletlis,  on 
the  contrary,  exercile  an  ablolutc  Iway  over 
them,  and  their  goods;  living  with  tlirm 
arbitrarily,  and  at  their  own  plealiire  ;  their 
hulbands  always  fpeaking  to,  and  llreiiig 
them  on  their  knees ;  accounting  it  a  very 


lenate,  ilic  principal  l.idies,  even  tiie  lacred  great  advantage  to  have  Inch  holy  perlons 

vellals,  and  .ill  the  people,  meeting  him  at  tor  their   conlijrts. 

his  landing,  firrt  welcoming  him  with  Ihouis        The  idolatrous  Jews,  in  the  times  o(  Jj'^, 

of  joy,    burning  on  the '^  ifr  banks  an  in-  -ind  llofca,  had  women  offiti.iting  as  prieft- 

finity  of  fVankincenfe,    and  building  many  efTesof  the  infamous  idol  ./V/rt/r«,  then  wor- 

altars,  from  fpace  to  fpace,  where  they  fi-  f]iipi)ed  among  them,  let  up  by  .V/rtrti.;/j,  the 


crificed  abundance  of  vidtimsto  the  honour 
of  that  ferpent-god 

As  to  the  two  other  natural  deities,  of 
the  Fidafians,  the  lofty  beautiful  trees,  and 
Uie  fea,  they  pray  and  worfhip  them  only 


ijuecn-mother  to  ylj'n,  and  her  felf  being 
the  chief  priellels,  which  the  good  king 
ytj'a  removed. 

Lamina,  wife  of  Sinatui  Galdt'tan:ih  was 
the  great  prieftcfs  of  Diana,    in  GaLnin. 

The 


iir.n 


1:1  kit.  , 


B 


delig 
tliat  iiay. 
tries  of  ( 
and  f.']);!,. 
that  ol'C 
Vol. 


Book  IV 

HIS,  and  III 


kc  oft'cring^ 
Qt  fickncls, 
:s,  tor  tlu' 
ihey  tliiiik 
>t  tl>e  trtc- 
.Is.  Bcfuk". 
s  they  ;illii 

fl'ivc  herein, 
f  ratnhce  .i 
in  honour  oi 

atul  r.igiii;.', 
iiij^  brought 
f  hern  theii,- 
julil  t.iin  he 
olVcniigs  lor 
lie  hdiifntiii, 
it,  but  tlii 
(jiofu  to  th;; 
iKoura^e  th.; 


irc  there  pei- 
L'li  iiulilVcrL-ni- 
piiLlltlTcs  ,irc 
c  i)ci)i)U',  th,it 
.iny  maniurot 
iJ  eriiui-hthcy 
le.ilbn  iiR.iinfl 
a  iiuhis  king's 
liv'd  wuh  the 
I ;  lor  which 
and  the  pncll, 
nil  condiinnM 
13  louiKil,  -inJ. 

h  lionourcd  ;i> 

ilunnKh,  ili.'C 

JiIk;  dilliii'^iive 

Id  whtriM^  all 

ivilh  Uibniil- 

prifllclVcs,  on 

'luto  Iway  over 

llirr    Wldl   th'.'lll 

lilculurc:  -,  their 

and  krving 

|iiing  ii  A  \'"y 

h  holy  perloiis 

limes  of./') 
I.itinsi  as  pneft- 
Itui,  tiienwor- 
ly  Mniu.ib,  the 
licr  lelf  being 
|lic  ^oci  king 

in  G"^i.;"'- 
The 


Chap.  4.  Coajis  of  Sou  f  h-G u i n  k  a.' 


34^ 


The  famous  temple  of  Diana  at  F.rbefui 
was  (ervL'd  by  a  woman.  The  lacrilii \-s  of 
Cnesi  and  its  myfterie  ,  were  officiated  by 
women,  and  the  men  had  no  hand  in  them  i 
(M.  Jurieuy  [>.  769J 

Notion  of  Hell. 

THE  FiJa/ians  have   a  fort   of  idea  of 
hell,  the  devil,  and  the  apparition  of 
fpirits,  as  well  as  the  people  of  Consi^o,  but 
not  in  the  fame  manner  as  they  ;  who  often 
rtie  wirh  the  fright,  as  fhall  be  mention'd 
n  its  place. 
!Y,,^ii-       They  think  hell  is  a  fix'd  place  under  the 
>•''■"     earth,  where  thofe  who  have  lived  wickedly 
''  '^    are  punilTied  with  fire,  and  milerably  tor- 
mented.    Some  of  their  pricrtcffes  come 
from  a  foreign  country,  and  tell  tiiem,  they 
have  been  there,  and  law  feveral  of  their 
acquaintance,    and  particularly    fome  one 
thiih:  people   have  known  very  well  in    his 
I  life-time,  who  they  fiy  is  tlierc  gricvoully 

tortured. 
infiM  A /'(jr;«([ttf'/'' inKTioner,  being  once  in  dif- 
inhill.  courfe  with  one  of  tiie  courtiers,  and  telling 
liirn,  tiiat  in  cafe  lie,  and  the  people  oi'Fida, 
liidnot  repent  of  their  wicked  old  courfe  of 
life,  they  would  certainly  burn  f)r  ever  in 
hell,  with  the  devils ;  the  F!  ick  replied,  our 
prcJeccirars,    whole    numbers  arc  infinite, 


livM  as  we  do,  an  I  worrtiipped  the  fimc  B/inr.iT. 
gods  1  if  they  mud  burn  for  it,  we  mull  ^•^V>^, 
be  rontenteti  •,  we  are  not  better  than  they, 
and  fhall  comfort  our  iLlves  with  tiuin 
in  litll.  ThiS  inftaiice  of  their  rtupidiiy  and 
unconccniedik  Is  ol  a  flate  of  luilery,  evinces 
how  difHiuit  it  is  to  convert  thole  luperlli- 
tious  people  from  their  erroneous  abfurd 
opinion   and  idolatrous  worfliip. 

Thence  it  is  that  fo  many  niifTions  as 
the  Portugiitfc  have  lent  thither  from  Pr.rtu- 
gal,  and  St.l'omc.,  from  time  to  time,  within 
thiscentury,  hav(  always  been  fruitlefs  and 
ofnoeffeft.  Hut  Pohji^amy,  fo  extravagant- 
ly anil  generally  atlifted  there,  is  an  infu- 
perable  liiffieulty,  no  man  enduring  to  be 
confined  to  one  wife.  There  are  many 
other  impediments  in  the  nature  and  temper 
of  the  Fultri.ms,  iiifomueh,  that  it  feems 
to  be  labour  in  vain  to  under "ake  their  to- 
tal convcrfion  to  the  ehrillian  religion  :  for 
which  rcafon  the  Porliigi'rfi  milTioners  hive 
quite  foifakcn  them,  and  do  not  think 
fitting  totroubic  tliemfelvfs  any  more  with 
fuch  people  ;  for  indeed  they  mult  firll  be  * 
made  men,  before  tliey  can  be  made  chri- 
ftians  ;  their  Ihipidity  being  like  other  Blacks 
and  Cafyes,  who  can  conceive  nothing  that 
is  fpiritual,  but  only  Icnllial  and  pilpable 
objeds. 


C  H  A  P.    IV. 

Link  Ardra  next  the  fca.  The  country  of  Torry.  7)efcription  of  great 
Ardra.  Their  habit ;  polygamy  and  marriages.  Funerals.  CommO' 
ditics  exported  and  imported.  Notable  Black  king.  Soldiery.  Jdmi- 
nijtration  of  juftice.    Religion. 


BEFORE  I  enter  upon  the  defcrip- 
tion  of  the  kingdom  of  Ardra,  by 
loine  furnamed  Gra«i/?  or  theG/-^d/,  I  muft: 
tike  fome  notice  of  the  little  country  of 
•torry,  which,  as  I  have  hinted  before,  is 
cnelofed  between  Ardra  and  Ftda ;  and  in  the 
next  place,  muft  Hiy  fomething  of  Little  Ar- 
'Irii,  another  final!  country,  contiguous  to 
th.it  of  Terry,  on  the  call  of  it,  and  both 
lying  along  the  fea-fhore. 

Little  Ardra  defcribed. 
i^nranipROM  the  port  or  road  of  Ftda,  to  Lit- 
''•■'■■•  tie  Ardra,  the  coafl  runs  catterly,  about 

nine  leagues ;  low,  flat  land,  in  many  parts 
woody,  only  towards  !.(///£•  y^n/rrt,  thefliore 
riles  a  little,  and  has  tliree  finall  hills,  near 
one  another,  on  a  kind  of  point,  or  cape, 
th.it  is  at  th' beginning  of  a  large  bay,  and 
i^  the  proper  anchoring-place  for  fhips,  that 
deligri  to  trade  at  Little  Ardra,  which  is  in 
that  bay.  The  river  that  runs  thro'  the  coun- 
tries of  Great  Ardra,  and  Offra,  falls  into, 
and  f'parates  the  kingdom  of  Benin,  from 
that  oi  Great  Ardra  ;  itswatsr  is  brackifh. 
Vol.  V. 


Little  Ardra  is  alfo  known  from  the  fea, 
in  coming  from  the  wcffward,  by  four  large 
thickets  of  trees,  which  appear  at  a  diftance 
from  each  other,  three  leagues  to  the  wefl- 
ward. 

The  French  and  Englijh  commonly  call 
the  port  of  Little  Ardra  the  road  of  Ardra  ; 
the  town  being  fomewhat  higher,  about 
two  hundred  paces  from  the  ftrand,  on  an 
extent  of  fix  hundred  fathom  of  ground,  of 
which  more  hereafter.  To  return  to  the  de- 
fcription  of  Torry. 

ToRRY  Country, 
T  S  a  little  ftate  or  commonwealth,  about  £_^,,„,  ^„^ 
■■•  four   leagues   in  circumference,   betwixry,>i«i(w». 
Fida,  Little  Ardra,  or  Offra,  as  moft  of  the 
Eurofeans  call  it,  and  the  fea,  and  fcarce 
three  leagues  diftant  from  the  coaft  or  road 
of  Ftda. 

Foulaen  is  the  principal  town  thereof,  featedcafiuj 
on  the  river  Tijrry,  which  runs  almoft  eaft  tmn. 
and  weft  to  Great  Popo, 

The  inhabitants  are  either  hufbandmen,;»A«W- 
cultivating  their  foil  for  Indian  wheat,  and'*""' 
T  t  c  t  other 


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34^ 


y^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  IV.  I  Chap. 


BAR'ioT.other  eatables,  to  drive  a  trade  with  fo- 
'•^V*^  rcigners  -,  or,  like  the  Litlle  Popo  men,  live 
upon  plunder;  lying  like  ftroling  robbers 
on  the  roads  of  Offra  and  Ardra.  The  lands 
of  Utile  Ardra  or  Offra,  begin  not  far 
from  the  town  Foulaen,  in  forry  \  fomewhat 
farther  inland,  and  make  part  of  the  king- 
dom of  Great  Ardra. 

Return  to  Little  Ardra, 
^•"■f"  T  Have  already  given  fomc  obfcrvable 
^m.c  Ar-  X  m-ii-i^s  to  find  out  the  proper  port  of 
Little  Ardra  ;  and  to  proceed  methodically 
in  the  defcription  of  that  country,  mult 
add,  that  the  bar  which  continues  to  front 
tlie  ihorc  all  along froin/^w  du  I  V.td  to  Lilt'.e 
Ardra,  is  every  where  as  bad  and  perilous 
as  at  Little  Ardra,  but  more  cfpecially  in 
the  iiigh  fealbn  i  and  above  all,  at  the  new 
and  full  moon :  for  tiien  the  fiirges  are  l"o 
violent  and  high,  tliat  it  is  totally  jmpradi- 
cable  for  twelve  or  fifteen  days. 
rhtroxj.  The  riglit  road  of  Little  Ardra,  in  the 
fummer  leafon,  that  is,  from  lX\emher  to 
Airil,  is  in  fix  fathom  water,  fandy  ground, 
about  three  cjuarters  of  a  league  from  Il.ore  : 
and  in  tlic  winter,  or  high  feafon,  which  is 
from  May  to  Noiember,  about  a  league  and 
a  half  from  land,  in  eight  or  nine  fathom. 

The  bar  before  the  port  of  Litlle  Ardra, 
is  very  fhallow,  and  therefore  the  Hjrges 
are  there  fo  very  violent. 

In  the  fummer  feafon  the  air  is  clear  and 
ferene,  and  more  wholefome  than  'tis 
ufuaily  in  the  bad  feafon. 
Oifri/dWB.  The  town  of  Offra  is  up  the  land,  about 
fcven  £;/^/{/6  miles, from  that  ai  Little  Ardra, 
on  the  fame  river,  and  governed  by  an  Ardra 
commander.  Being  the  refiden'"e  of  the  Eu- 
rolhuiii  factors,  the  Englijh  and  Ilollainlers 
have  each  a  fine  houfe  there  ;  the  latter 
more  efpecially  driving  there  a  very  confi- 
derable  trade  in  flaves,  ^e. 

The  town  of  Jakin  lies  betwixt  Offra 
and  Idtile  Ardra,  north  north-eaft  from  the 
latter  -,  feated  on  a  rivulet.  It  had  the  name 
Uom  d.  Black,  who  lived  there  many  years 
fince,  and  takes  up  about  one  thouiand  five 
hundred  fathom  of  ground,  being  encloled 
with  a  mud-wall,  very  thick  and  folid;  the 
houfe  or  palace  of  the  governor,  is  tolera- 
bly handfome,  made  of  a  ftrong  clay.  Thus 
much  for  Little  Ardra. 

Defiription  of  Great  Ardra. 
Ardra  f^  RE  AT  Ardra,  the  ufual  refidence  of 
ttnn.  \j  i\^e  klngof  Ardra,  lies  fixteen  leagues 
farther  inland,  north  north-weft  from  Litlle 
Ardra  ;  a  large  fpacious  road,  leading  all 
along  from  the  one  to  the  other  :  and  much 
about  the  middle  of  it  is  a  little  place  called 
Gran-Fero,  and  by  the  Dutch,  Pleyjler 
Ptaets,  where  is  a  kind  of  an  alehoufe,  or 
publick  inn,  for  the  accommodation  ofpaf- 


Jakin 
uxen. 


fengcrs,  travelling  betwixt  Great  and  Little 
Ardra,  cither  in  hammocks  on  men's  fhoul- 
ders,  or  on  horfe-baek. 

The  Blacki  tell  us,  that  thetown  of  Great 
Ardra,  by  them  called ////£•;«,  is  nine  £«^/;yZ) 
miles  in  compafs,  the  itreets  being  extra- 
ordinary wide,  and  the  houfes  built  at  a 
diftance  from  one  another,  ro  prevent  firing. 

The  king  of  Ardra  has  there  two  large  p  , 
fpacious  palaces,  in  one  of  which  he  keeps 
his  court;  the  other  being  emjity,  and  kept 
fo,  to  remove  thitiicr  in  cafe  that  he  lives 
in,  fl-.ould  be  confumed  by  fire :  both  of 
tliem  arc  enclofed  with  a  ibrt  of  rampart 
of  e.uth,  five  foot  thick,  as  is  the  whole 
town,  and  the  ditches  of  the  town  and  ])a- 
laces  are  within  the  enclofure  or  walls. 
The  houfes  arecover'd  withllraw,  and  di- 
vided into  feveral  rooms,  if  we  may  rely  on 
tlie  report  of  the  natives.  The  palace  thi 
king  lives  in  at  prefent,  is  divided  into  lars^e 
courts,  apartments  and  gardens,  with  fevenl 
long  and  wide  galleries  about  the  buildings  •, 
handfomely  fupjjorted  with  uniform  columns 
and  pilafters,  forming  line  large  pia/z.is 
on  either  fide  of  the  courts  and  gardms, 
under  wliich  people  walk  and  recreate 
themfelves  ;  and  the  buildings  two  llcrie; 
high,  in  which  are  many  large  and  fpacious 
apartments,  rooms  and  clofets,  and  ;'.ll 
built  with  nothing  but  clay. 

The  gardens  are  alio  walled  about,  di-G,i.j,., 
vided    ito  fine  large  w.dks  of  green  trees, 
and  green  plats,  and  beds  ot  flowers,  tipe- 
cially  of  three  forts  of  lillies;  which  fiiews 
the  politenefs  and  induftry  of  the  natives. 

Having  defcrilwd  the  Metropolis  ot  Great 
Ardra,  I  Ihall  now  proceed  to  the  defcrip- 
tion of  the  whole  kingdom. 

Ardra,  with  all  its  dependant  countries,  £,.,,.. , 
is  a  large  populous  kingdom,  but  not  enough:/....^ 
relbrted  to  by  the  Europeans,  to  know  cx-"'- 
aiSMy  its  length  and  breadth.  This  we  know, 
that  it  is  of  a  narrow  extent  towards  the  lea- 
fide,  but  of  a  great  length  and  brcadtii  up 
the  inland  •,  fonie  making   it  to  border  on 
the  weft  upon  Rio  da  I'olta,  and  at  eaft  on 
Benin,    enclofing    Eida   and  7o/v  y  on   the 
north  fide  ;    and  will  have  it  to  reacli  at 
north   and  north-weft  to  Opo,  a  large  po- 
pulous country,  and  to  other  potent  king- 
doms fituated  towards  the  A''.'^.t. 

This  country  is  very  populous,  as  I  have  lo™  •>"«' 
already  hinted,  and  conlt-quently  has  many ''^ '"'''■ 
large  towns  and  villages  ;  moft  of  tliofe 
towns  being  enclofed  with  tliick  mud-walls 
or  fences,  like  the  metropolis.  Among  the 
reft,  the  towns  of  Joyo  and  Ba  are  oblirva- 
ble  ;  the  former  being  three  days  journey 
from  Jakin,  and  the  latter  about  two  miles 
farther  trom  jfoyo,  having  two  g.aes  on 
the  fouth  fide  ;  and  on  tlu:  north  a  river, 
which  comes  from  Benin.  The  Diitii)  have  a 
fadlory  there. 

The 


Othtr 
uwii. 


}utr,imri 

ifbiufii. 


ti'fftlii 


■  ai 


W. 


Ci>  litw 
"■■Ui. 


wh 
are 
wh 
ant 

da 

thri 
and 
of( 
utef 
cefl] 
fped 
fom 
lenti 
1 
tren 
five 
any 
may 
own 
or  tli 
from 
five  I 
lio  n( 
nativ 
are  h 
fniall 
ncrall 
TV 
the  fo 
.ind  ri 
hut  ii 
it  is  V 
It 
).,'rr.i-is  all 

""i'    and  I 
travel 

iu^  It 

niillct 
co-nu 
fwani 
r.ihle 

C. ■(»■;, 

tliiir  1 
'!■] 

/Irdra 
11101)11 

'i'l; 
nuiil 
at    th 
c.inkji 

1] 
them 
churn 
and  pi 
goats, 
poulti 
bles, 

Th 
as  at  t 
the  b 
lowing 
wlie.it 


Onm 


Book  IV.  I  Chap.  4- 


6*^^//^/ South-Guinea. 


347 


lous,  as  I  have  I"?''';"' 
,nily  hasnuny''^'™" 
molt  of  tliolc 
ick  mud-walls 


tfillHfll. 


The  other  towns  and  villages  in  Jrdra, 
which  are  not  enclos'd  with  mud-walls, 
are  feated  in  places  of  natural  ftrength, 
which  fecures  the  inhabitants  from  infults, 
and  procures  them  an  open  trade. 

The  fhoufcs  in  Ardra    are  all  of  a  fat 


then   they  beat  it  in  deep  hollowed  trunks  Bar bot. 
of  trees,  or  grind  it  on  large  flat  ftones,  ^-^V*^ 
in  the  manner  ufed  to  make  bread,  pouring 
hot  fcalding   water  over   it  from  time  to 
time,  as  they  grind  it ;  after  this,  they  let 
that  malt  fteep  afrelh  in  water,  ftirring  it 
clay,  the  walls  or  fhells  commonly  about    well  from  time  to  time,   and  thus  make '"'*'""''' 
three  foot  thick,  and  covered  with  draw  -,    their  Pitnii,  or  beer,    which  being  mixed 
and  not  much  better  furnilhcd  than  thofe    with  water,  and  moderately  ufed,   is  pretty 
of  other  Gtiiiieaiis,    that  is,  only  with  fuch    good  drink -,    but   by   itfeif  is   dangerous, 

tor  it  will  ofcafioii  cxceHive  griping  in  the 
guts.  Another  bad  quality  in  tiiis  liquor  is, 
that  it  loon  turns  four,  and  is  not  fit  to  be 
tranfported  to  any  other  place. 


■.(,.11;. 


utcnfils  or  goods,    as  are  of  abfolute  nc 
ceflity.     The  king's  houfes  are  in  tliat  re- 
fpcdt  no  richer  than  the  reft,  only  he  has 
feme  damask  elbow-chairs,    formerly  pre- 
lented  him  by  Europeans. 
,  ,.     The  air  of  this  country  in  general  is  ex- 
,.,a»     tremely  unwhoiclome  tor  turo/c(i)!s,  Icarce 
five  out  of  forty  that  go  to  rrtide  there 
any  time  el'caping  death;   whicli,  however, 
may  in  fome  meafurf  bt  attributeii  to  their 
own   intemperance,    in   regard  of  women, 
or  their  carelelVnefs  of  prelerving  themfelvcs 
from  the  evening  mildew,    or  their  excef- 
five  ufe  of  the  fruits  of  the  country,  whicli 
do  not  .agree  with  our  conflitution.     For  the 
natives  commonly  live  to  a  great  age,  and 
are  healthy  and  vigorous,  except  when  tiie 
fmall-pox  rages  amongft  them,    which  ge- 
nerally fwceps  away  great  numbers  of  them. 
r-Bil!-      '^'"■''  country  is   all  flat  and  level,    and 
■I,       the  foil  very  fertile,  much  covered  with  thrubs 
and  rufliy  plants,  and  in  fome  parts  woody  i 
but  in  others,    which  are  properly   vales, 
it  is  very  agreeable  and  pleafant. 
c,;,,;.       It  has   this  farther  conveni^ncy,    that  it 
(•«'"■'•  is  all  over   llored  with  convenient  roads, 
and  Imall  rivers,  very  deep,  and  fitting  tor 
travellers  anil  mcrcliants. 

It  produces  abundance  of  Imlutn  wheat, 
Piillct,  yams,  potatoes,  oranges,  lemons,  ro- 
co-nuts,  palm-wine,  and  fait  made  in  the  low 
fwainpy  grounds,  and  yielding  a  confule- 
r.ible  trade  with  the  natives  of  the  illami 
Liinvno,  who  go  thither  to  fetch  it  in 
their  large  bar-canoes. 

The  country  about  the  city  of  Great 
/hdra,  abounds  in  horfes,  which  lerve  to 
mount  the  king's  cavalry. 

The  natives  prepare  their  corn  for  liread, 
much  after  the  fame  manner  as  is  pradiled 
at  the  Go'.d-Coafl,  citiier  in  cakes  or 
cankjcs. 

1  hey  cither  roaft  yams  on  coals,  or  boil 
them  with  butter,  which  they  know  how  to 
cluirn  -,  they  alfo  ufe  rice  tor  common  food, 
and  pulic,  herbs  and  roots,  with  beef,  hogs, 
goats,  Iheep's  and  dog's-flcfh  ;  and  likewifu 
poultr/,  drefled  with  rice,  and  tall  fuch  eata- 
bles, Kadd,  indiflcrently. 

Their  ordinary  lirink  is  the  beer  Pilau, 
as  at  the  Gol/i-CnaJi :  Fero  and  Offrii  have 
the  bell  fort.  It  is  ufually  made  in  the  fol- 
lowing manner :  firlt,  they  fteep  Indian 
wheat  well,   and  then  dry  it  in  the  fun  } 


hti. 


Habit. 
"T"  H  F.  drefs  of  men  and  women  in  Ar- 
dra,  is  exceedingly  richer  and  finer 
than  that  of  the  Gc'd-Conj}.  They  com- 
monly wear  five  or  fix  rich  cloths,  one*''*''"''' 
above  another,  as  I  have  laid  of  the  Fida 
Bldcki,  all  the  reft  of  the  body  remains  na- 
ked :  thofe  cloths  arc  made  in  the  country, 
and  fome  of  them  arc  enriched  with  gold 
thread,  ".ither  jilalcd  or  woven  in  them, 
which  looks  very  fine. 

The  gentry  and  others  of  the  prime  fort,  g^^^  „r 
commonly  wear  a  fliort  cloak  on  tin  ir  f\r.o\i\- itntry . 
ders,    and  under   it  filk,    or    India  chints 
wrapped  about  them,  with   fine  white  cal- 
lico-thirts  made  there. 

The  king  of  Ardra  ufually  wears  two  of iht  king. 
as  it  were  petticoats,  one  longer  than  the 
Other,  after  the  Perfian  falliion  ;  and  fome- 
times  a  filk  fcarf  bck-wife,  with  a  fort  of 
laced  coif,  hanging  down  on  his  back,  and 
uniler  it  a  little  crown,  of  black  wood,  that 
tails  a  very  fweet  fcenf,  holding  in  one 
hand  a  Inrt  of  whip,  the  handle  whereof  is 
curioufly  fafliioned. 

The  tcmales  there,    cyreed  the  males  in o/ //,,ȣ. 
their  drefs :  thofe  of  fome  dilVindlion,  com- men. 
monly  wear    fine    painted    India    callicoc^ 
white  China  farcenets,    and  rich  filk,    and 
linen-wraopers. 

Both  nun  and  women  are  very  careful H'ay^x'n; 
to  wafli  their  bodies,  morning  and  evening,""/'^"'/'** 
in  clean  purr  water,  and  to  anoint  them  with"""^" 
civet  -,  eipecially  married  women,  who  are 
very  ftudious  to  pleafe  their  hufbands,  know- 
ing them  to  be  oxtremely  luxurious. 

PoLVGAMv,  rt/Zi/ Marriages. 
A  Man,  even  of  the  loweft  rank,  may 
^^  have  as  many  wives,  as  he  thinks  he 
can  maintain  ;  but  the  king,  and  the  prin- 
cipal perfons,  keep  each  a  vaft  nutiiber  of 
wives  and  concubines,  'i'hc  king's  chief 
wife  has  the  title  of  queen,  with  this  pre- 2*#  5«i»»». 
rogative,  that  in  cafe  the  king  denies  her 
any  thing  flie  has  occafion  for,  flic  may  fell 
iome  of  the  king's  other  wives  for  (laves  j 
and  of  this,  there  have  been  many  inftances, 
from  time  to  time.   Moft  of  the  Ardra  gen- 


iiii' 


i  ■  M 


lllf" 


i.i'V 


:ii||i 


V't-'  i 


II 


•iti.'f" 


i^h^ 


IV  "i!  a 


■  ;!f;i 


1 .11!-: 

'^  I''      ■ 


^'^■^^'  -^y:)' 


]■ 


lil;!li|' 


r  fit?;  .!'!■•■'     ,    'I   ■ 


348 


>^  Defcriptioft  of  the 


Book  IV. 


fVfimen 
mtrried 


Sc  matri 
tgi-cttt- 
nuny. 


B.MuuiT.try  marry  young  women  of  quality,  not 
^;f'^^''*^  above  eight  or  ten  years  old ;  but  do  not 
lonlummalc  tiie  marriage,  till  they  have 
kept  them  Ibme  years  in  the  nature  of  fer- 
vant>,  ftark-naked  :  and  when  they  have 
fixed  the  time  for  cohabiting,  they  then 
clothe  them  with  a  piece  of  cloth,  or  a 
iliort  frock. 

The  meaneft  man  there  may  pretend  to, 
and  often  marries,  the  woman  of  the  great- 
clt  quality  in  the  town  or  place  where  he 
lives  i  having  no  manner  of  regard  to  birth 
or  fortune. 

Their  marriages  are  concluded  without 
any  other  ceremony,  than  the  mutual  con- 
fcnt  of  the  parents  on  both  fides  :  only  the 
bridegroom  commonly  prefents  his  bride 
with  two  or  three  cloths,  and  nuill  treat 
the  parents,  and  invited  friends,  with 
eight  or  ten  pots  of  Pn.iu,  or  beer  ;  and 
then  declares  to  all  tlie  company,  tiiat  he 
takes  the  woman  in  the  (p.ility  of  lirft  or 
chief  wife. 

The  Ardta  women  gnor.iily  arc  not  very 
fruitful,  and  it  is  rare  to  fiiul  one  that  lias 
three  or  four  ■  liilvlren  i  but  if  any  one  hap- 
pens to  have  feven  or  eight,  file  is  as  much 
valued  ami  belovf;d  by  her  hufband,  as  the 
barren  women  arc  fliglited  and  defpis'd. 
The  mm  of  quality's  wives  are  always  very 
refpeclt'ii!  towards  their  hulbands,  and  very 
filent  in  their  prefence,  being  fenfible  of 
the  fubjedion  due  to  tiiem,  by  the  laws  of 
the  land.  When  their  huflwnds  command 
them  to  appear  before  a  foreigner,  they 
commonly  fit  down  all  together  on  mats,  at 
one  end  of  the  room  ;  and  if  ordered  lb 
to  do,  they'll  freely  fing,  beating  time 
methodically,  with  two  little  (licks  on  a 
fmallbeli,  the  moft  ufual  mufical  inftrument 
amongthem.Itawoman happens  tobedeli  e- 
rcd  of  twins, they  conclude  fhe  muilbeguiity 
of  adultery,  believing  it  impoHibie  for  her  to 
have  two  children  at  once,  by  one  man. 
Tunillf  -'^  woman   convidfed  of  adultery,  is  left 

mmt  of  a-  to  her  liiifband's  choice,  either  to  fell  her 
Mttry.  (or  a  llave,  or  to  keep  her  Hill :  yet  this 
law  does  r.ot  cure  many  of  their  natural 
inclination  to  enjoy  the  company  of  ftran- 
gi-rs,  being  very  ready  to  make  ufe  of  the 
firlt  opportunity  that  is  offered  them  to 
gratify  their  fenfuality  j  and  always  curi- 
ous to  appear  wanton  and  lalcivious,  even 
in  their  geftures  and  carriage.  Nor  are 
the  men  lel^  inclined  to  that  vice:  fornot- 
withfianding  their  great  number  of  wives, 
they  will  hunt  after  otlier  men's  wives  or 
daughters. 

ilowever,  the  greateft  perlbns  are  fome- 
wliat  more  ref'erv'd  in  this  particular  1  and 
very  fhidious  not  to  expofe  their  wive^  to 
the  view  of  their  countrymen,  and  only  to 
fuch  of  riie  Europeans  as  they  value  moll, 
and  art  fully  perfuadcdof  tlicircluUity. 


fUNCRALS 

TP  H  E  Y  differ  little  from  the  Gold-Coafl 
*■  Blackst  in  the  manner  of  interring 
their  dead  ;except  in  this  particular,that  there 
the  deceafed's  relations  furnifh  the  cloths 
for  Ihrouds,  to  wrap  the  corps  in,  and 
here  the  governor  of  the  place  does  it : 
and  that  they  commonly  bury  C  t  dead 
perfon  in  the  lioufe  he  inhabited,  in  a  vault 
built  for  chat  purpofe. 

The  Ardraftans  do  fo  little  value  their  l,, 
own,  that  they  rather  ufc  the  Ulkami  Ian-    ^'"'' 
guage  i  which  they  arc  ftudious  to  learn,  as 
being  in  their  opinion  far  more  elegant  and 
fweet. 

The  inhabitants  of  little  Ardra,  andE„./-. 
tholi:  who  live  near  the  fea-fide,  employ  m™;, 
themfelvcs  altogether  in  filhing,  boiling  of 
fait,  and  trading ;  and  the  inland  people  in 
Iv.isbandry,  till;  ig  the  ground  by  ftrength 
of  arms,  and  theliime  way  as  thofc  of  Fida 
do  ic  i  which  is  very  laborious  and  hard 
work. 

They  have  many  publick  markets  every  sm;' 
where,  but  more  particularly  at  Ba,  every 
tour  days,  where  they  expofe  more  fait  to 
fale,  than  any  other  commodities  •,  that 
fait  being  carried  from  Joyo  in  canoes,  and 
from  Ba,  is  tranfported  to  the  Ulkami 
country,  whole  inhabitants  convey  it  far- 
ther up  the  inland,  to  other  nations  more 
remote.  About  five  or  fix  leagues  from  Ba, 
Aands  a  lofty  tree  in  a  plain,  under  or  about 
which,  is  kept  a  great  market,  at  certain 
times  of  the  year,  to  which  there  refort 
from  feveral  parts  of  the  country  three  or 
four  thoufand  merchants,  with  all  forts  of 
Jfiitan  goods. 

Commodities  Exported  and  Imported 
'T'HE  Dutch,   as  I  have  hinted  before,  5;.,,,, 
■■'    drive   a  confiderable  trade  at  Jrdra,M,'iu. 
and  next  to  them,  the  Englijh,  having  proper 
fadories  or  lodges  at  Little  Ardra,  and  at 
Offra ;   and  exporting  thence,  (laves,  cot- 
ton cloths,  and  blue  ftones,  cilled  /tgry  or 
Accory,  very  valuable  r.tthc  GoldCoaJl, 

The  belt  commodity  the  Europeans  can^.;.,,/,  .,r, 
carry  thither  to  purchafe  flaves,  is  Boejm'fnmdul'. 
or  Cauris,  fo  much  valued  by  the  natives  j 
being  the  current  coin  there,  as  well  ;u 
at  Popo,  Fida,  Benin,  and  other  coun- 
tries farther  eaft  -,  without  which,  it  isfcarcc 
polTible  to  traffick  there. 

Slaves  m  Ardra    are  ufually  pu;-chafed,Gjj;,  p,^ 
one  half  with  thofc  Boejies,    and  the  othtTffM»'.<rij 
half  with  Euroftan  goods;  and  when  they '*"'"• 
are  fcarte  and  dear  in  Europe,  as  it  happens 
fometimcs,  we  endeavour  to  fatisfy  the  Jr- 
drajians  with  one  third    or  fourth   part  of 
them,    and  the  other  parts  in    other  mer- 
chandize :  of  which,  generally  fiat  iron  bars 
are,    next  to  i?v';c(,   the  molt   accepta'Me; 
for  the  round  or  iquare  bars  will  not  do. 

And 


Book  IV  m^^"  4'  ^^^-^^  (j/'Sou'Th-Guinea. 


349 


;  Gold-Ccaji 
>t"  interring 
ir.that  there 
the  cloths 
3S  in,  and 
«  docs  it : 
'  t!  15  dead 
,  in  a  vault 

value  their 
Ulkami  Ian 
to  learn,  aj 
elegant  and 


U*IHH, 


drdra,  andr»,i,. 
le,  employ  <"nt,. 
;,  boiling  of 
id  people  in 
by  ftrength 
hofc  of  Fuia 
IS  and  hard 

irkets  every  M„t,,,; 
it  Ba,  twT'j 
Tiore  f.ilt  10 
iities  i    ih,u 
canoes,  and 

the  Ulkami 
nvey  it  far- 
ations  more 
les  from  Ba, 
dcr  or  about 
,  at  certain 
there  refort 
try  three  or 

Jul  forts  of 


Imported- 

ited  before,  s(4t„, 

at  Ardra,(ktii,Hi^. 
iving  proper 
ira,  and  at 
ives,  cot- 
led  /Igry  or 
IdCoaJl. 
ropeam  canj^,;,, 

is    Boejtci,firmt«j. 

he  natives ; 
as  well  ;is 
tiier  coun- 
it  is  fcarcc 


?«;■ 


pii:-chafec!,c„j,  p,^ 
the  othcrff"»'-"f')i 

when  thcy'*"^'"- 
it  happens 

^t"y  the  Jr- 

th   p.irt  of 

jtiier  mcr- 

t  iron  bars 

cccpU'Me  -, 

ill  not  do. 
And 


And  again,  next  to  iro--.,    fine  long  coral, 
Ci/wrt  f^ircencts,  gilt  Iciithcr,  white  daniafk 
and  red  ;   red  cloth,  with  large  lifts,    cop- 
ner  bowls  or  cups,  braiii  rings,  /^cww  beads, 
or  bugles  of  fcvcral  colours,  agates,  gilded 
looking-glalRs,  Leyd-ii  fergcs,  plat il les  linen, 
moras,  lidampores,  red  chinis,  broad  and 
narrow  tapfcils,  blue  canequins,   broad  gu- 
ncz   and  narrow,    (a  fort  of  linen^  double 
canequins, /'Wv/i/)  brandy  in  ankers,  or  half- 
ankers,     the  anker  being  a   fixteen  gallon 
lundkt ;  canary  and  nialinfcy,  black  caude- 
bec  hats,    Iialian  tafletics,    white   or  red, 
cloth  of  gold  or  filver ;  Diilch  knives,  cal- 
led ho'iiiiuis  ;    ftripcd  armoizins,  with  white 
and  liower'd  ;    gold    and  filver   brocaiUl  ; 
tiitlocks,  mufkets,  gun-powder-,  large  beads 
Uom  lioiieii  ;  white  liower'd  larcencls -,  In- 
ilm  armoizins ;  damafk  napkins  ;  I  irge  co- 
rd car-rings  \  cuciaces,  gildeil  and  broad  ; 
filk  fcarfs  ;    large  umhrclloes  i    pi.ccs   of 
licrht ;  long  pyramidal  bells. 

All  the  above-mentioned  goods,  arcalfo 

proix-r  for  the  trade  in  Benin,    Rio  Logos, 

.ind  all  along  the  coaft  to  Rio  Gabon. 

■'li-    The   commerce   is    there   adjufted  with 

;     the  king,  in  tlie  fame  manner  as  is  done  at 


Dli  ;  and  as 


foon 


as  a 


Ihip 


1  arrives 


there 


from  f.nropr,  the  commander  or  fupercargo 
Pijll  wait  on  tiie  governor  of  I,:tiie  Ardra, 
to  be  coiidu(5l-d  by  him  to  the  king,  ta- 
king along  with  him  the  ufualprefents,  whicii 
commonly  confift  in  a  parcel  of  about  three 


As  for  the  hire  of  bar-canoes,  we  com-BARnor. 
monly  adjiift  it  with  the  llongn,  or  captain  i^VNi 
of  the  bar  ;    for  every  twelve  trips  of  a 
canoe,  with  goods  from  or  to  a  fhip,  one 
fiave  in  gools:  which  obliges  the  Hongit 
to  attend   in   perfon  at   the    beach,    with 
his  men,  all  the  while  the  fhip  is  fending 
her  cargo  afhore,  in  order  to  quicken  his  ca- 
noe-rowers, and  to  give  the  neceflary  airir-t4»(/inx<'/" 
cancc,    if  the  canoe  happens  to  be   owcx-i"^i- 
turned  by  the  furges,  or  filled  with  waters 
or  to  help  our  people   in    the   long-boat, 
in  which  we  ufually  bring  our  goods  from 
the  fliiptothe  fkirt  of  the  furf,  call  anchor 
there,  and  deliver  the  goo  l^  by  parcels  into 
the   bar-canoe,    to  run    rhem   aftiore  thro* 
thole  horrid  furges,  whiehnoboat  or  pin- 
n.ice   can  perform,    without   the   rifque  of 
being  fplit  in  pieces,  and  all  the  goods  caft 
uway. 

'liic  Europe.ins  being  obliged  to  deliver 
at  their  own  charge,  at  Gr,(tt  Ardra,  all 
Inch  goods  of  their  cargo,  as  the  king 
has  pitched  upon  for  himlelf  out  of  their 
invoices  •,  the  common  allowance  to  the 
porters,  is  one  brals  ring  for  each  trip,  of 
a  light  burden,  the  diit.ince  being  fixteen 
leagues;  which  is  extremely  cheap. 

'I'iicfe  particulars,  I  have  thought  pro- 
per, for  the  information  of  fuch  as  trade 
at  Ardra  :  to  which  purpofe,  the  following 
obfervations  will  be  of  uie. 

1  have  hinted  before,  that  we  always  ad- i/Vwce  «• 


or  four  pound  weight  of  fine  coral,  fix  Cyprus    juft  the  price  of  Kurop.'an  goods,  of  llaves,  "■"'''• 


cloths,  three  pieces  of  morees,  and  one 
piece  of  damafl<>  for  the  king  ;  another 
parcel  of  coral  for  the  queen  •,  a  piece  of 
damalk  napkins  for  the  prince;  one  piece 
ofarmoizin  for  the7tf.'/.7,  or  captain  of  the 
'I'/iAtc'S ;  another  for  the.  porters  of  the 
court;  another  for  the  courtiers,  or  elfc 
fonie  beads,  or  great  brafs  rings ;  ten  ga- 
linhas  of  Boejies  for  dancers,  who  com- 
monly attend  at  the  water-fide  at  landing  ; 
or  the  value  thereof  in  other  things. 

This  governor  is  commonly  very  civil  to- 
wards the  officers  of  fiiips  who  land  there,  or- 
dering twelve  or  fifteen  hundred  armed  men 
to  receive  them  on  the  fliore,  all  dancing: 
and  if  he  is  hindred  by  bufinefs  from  wait- 
ing with  them  on  the  king,  at  GraU  Ardra, 
he  charges  fome  of  his  principal  officers  to 
accompany  them  with  a  fine  retinue,  and 
porters  with  hammocks,  each  porter  to  have 
four  brafs  rings  a  day,  befides  fubfift:ence. 

'Tis  ufual  for  Europeans,  to  give  the  king 
the  value  of  fifty  flaves  in  goods,  for  his 
permifiion  to  trade,  and  cultoms  for  each 
(hip  ;  and  to  the  king's  fon,  the  value  of 
two  flaves,  for  the  privilege  of  watering; 
and  of  four  flaves  for  wooding,  in  cafe  it 
be  wanted  ■,  otherwife  thofe  duties  are  not 
paid. 

Vol.  V. 


and  of  the  blue  ftones,  called  Agry  or  Accory, 
with  tiie  king  oi  Ardra  ;  which  being  agreed 
on,  that  prince  caufesa  publick  cryer  topro- 
'  laim  it  about  the  country  ,and  to  declare  that 
every  man  may  freely  tradewith  the  fuper- 
cargo of  fuch  a  fliip,  who  is  to  fatisfy  the 
cryer  for  his  labour  5  and  to  pay  him  forty 
brafs  rings,  twenty  hens,  one  goat,  a  piece 
of  canequin,  and  a  piece  of  fliort  or  little 
armoizin.  And  without  fuch  publick  no- 
tice from  the  king  to  his  people,  none  of 
tlicm  would  ever  dare  to  dilpofe  of  any 
Agry  flaves  or  blue  Hones,  above  menti- 
oned. 

The  governor,  or  his  officers,  who  have 
conduced  the  faftor  or  fupercargo  of  a  fliip 
to  Great  Ardra,  to  adjulf  trade   with  the 
king,    accompany  him  back   in  the  fame 
order  as   far  as  a  village,     dift:ant  about ^'''""""'- 
four  EngliJJj  miles  from  the  fliore  oi  Ardra,     '  ^ 
to  the  fouth  fouth-welV,  called  by  the  Hol- 
landers, Stock-vis-dorp,  where  they  appoint 
a  houfe   for    him  to  drive   his   trade  in  ; 
which    being  done,   the   fador  caufes  all 
his    cargo    to    be    brought   afhore,    and 
carried   to  that  village    by   porters  j   and 
thence,   he  fends  up  by  them  to  Great  Ar- 
dra, ail  the  goods  the  king  has  pitched  up- 
on for  himfclf. 

U  u  u  u  After 


i'K 


i   .  'i'l 


fU 


lit  I'' 


;*•;:.  i: 


I'i.i-i 


?'\ 


ii'i^ 


-•  f' 


mm 


ill 

lib 


j!j.:     A. 


i'^'^^ 


m  nm 


\f:]: 


f>.  <,: 


it'l'i 


it^li 


Hi'ii 


<-'/l 


3  (JO 


^  Defcription  of  the  Book  IV. 


Barhot.  After  which,  the  great  captain  of  com-  That  prince,  being  convinced  of  the  gr.in- 
^-^'"^' mirce,  callcil  \.\\c  ioelta,  is  to  tai<.e  his  dciir  of  tht  king  of /-ni/.fc,  tlio' he  fcldom 
^'■,"' "'^"  ciioice  ol  the  c.irgo  \  but  it  is  very  rare,  fiw  above  one  h'iciuh  fliip  lliere  in  a  yiar, 
t'r»,U.        that  faftors  or    (upcrcargocs    will  give  a 

true  invoice  ol'  all  tluir  bell  gooiis,  either 

to  the  king,  or  the  I-'oAla,  as  knowinij,  tiuy 

have  other  notable  pcrfons,  and  eonlklera- 

ble  merchants  to  pleale,  who  generally  give 

a  better  price,  or  pay  more  punctually  than 

the  former  ufually  do. 


This  euftom  of   adjufling  the  price  of    taken  notice  before. 


an<l  the  lloilandi-n  had  fiv;  or  fix  ;  yet  lie 
would  never  .dlow  the  latter  the  pre  em i 
nence  of  the  fl.ig,  orpreceilence  in  public  k 
((>limnities,  being  a  judicious,  polite  ni.in. 
I  If  w.is  feventy  years  olii  wlun  he  lijnt 
Ihin  MiiHeo  Lopez  his  ambaff  idor  extraor- 
ilinary  to  the  hremhcoMx^,  of  which  I  l-.ave 


Rootis  and  fl.ives,  at  lirll,  very  much  laci- 
liiates  the  expeiiirion  ot  A'v>-';/i  )«  fliips,  .is 
takmii;  ofi  all  manner  ot  liilputes  and  con- 
tells  liawixt  the  fever.il  native  trader^,  anil 
the  J:iin/Yai:s  ;  and  when  .my  futh  happens, 
which  was  not  foreleen,  the  king, biing  in- 
formed lliereof,  immediately  regulates  it. 
**<»  cf  The  nKaiiiro  for  /lo-;:Ci,   is  tliere  the  very 

rnkni,,^.  fm^,.  .,,  ,,t  y.;/„^  .,,ni  [UeBia.L',  who,  like 
thofe  of  Ji.i.i,  can  neither  write  nor  read, 
oblers'c  mueh  the  lame  waysofaccoirpiing, 
by  means  of  fmall  lords  or  llrings,  knotted 
in  leveral  parts,  on  which  they  loon  m.ike 
their  calcul.itions ;  much  in  the  f.ime  nature 
as  is  pradiled  by  fomc  fihlinii  nations  of 
Jiiit-niit :  and  thole  knotted  cords  are  to  the 
j-lrdrdjia:!  tradirs,  what  our  poeket-books 
are  to  us  Etimf-nitis  ;  for  with  them  they 
know  how  to  ohlirve  time,  places,  num- 
bers, ,ind  even  a  meeting  appointed  at  fueh 
an  hour  or  day,  and  fo  forth. 

The  tactor  or  fupcrcargo  having  finiilied 
ills  fale,  is  to  prefent  the  king  again  with 
two  mufkets,  twenty  five  pounds  of  j;owder, 
and  the  value  of  nine  Haves  in  other  goods, 
as  an  .ukiiowledgcnient  to  that  p-rince  for 
his  f.ivour  in  graining  lum  the  permillion 
to  trade  in  his  dominions :  he  mull  alio, 
on  the  lame  .iccount,  [jrclent  the  j'u:'ld  with 
one  piece  of  armoizin,  the  ILiiga  or  cap 
tain  of  the  bar  with  another  piece,  and 
tome  other  infaior  oHicers  with  another 
piece  among  them. 

So  that  reckoning  all  thofe  cutloms  and 
duties  together,  one  way  or  other,  they  a- 
mount  tothe  valueof  fe\'enty,  leventy  five, 
or  eighty  fl.ives,  in  goods,  lor  each  trading 
tliip:  whereas  at  llln,  they  do  not  altoge- 
ther exceed  thirty  two,  or  thirty  five  ;  whic  h 
is  great  odds  for  tlie  Eiigjijh  and  I'rench  fac- 
tors rcfiding  there. 

Tlic  Eiit^iijlj  have  alio  a  lodge  at  Offra, 
but  tlie  Dt:i:k  having  the  preheminence  in 
commerce,  as  being  the  fitll  intruders  at 
/Irdiii,  they  carry  a  -reat  I'way  over  the 
Eng!jh  ;  and  one  yea.-  with  another  export 
above  three  thoulan     ll.tves. 

'Die  Pnitufrii.jc,  in  the  beginning  of  this 
centurv,   had  ,i  conliderable  ir.ide  there,  but 
were  fjpplai.tei!  by  tlie  llu'U.iUilrs. 
NoTAiu.F.   Black   'ving. 
nn  H  1''.  Ereiii  h  were  much  honoured  and 


tin. 


tijr.-h 
fmJt. 


f  icnrli 
isnomtil. 


tarelTed  by  the  late  king  /Lkett)  or  Tezy 


'I'hat  king  Tfzy  being  much  importunedw;;,,/-.^ 
by  the  Diilih  laiftors  refilling  inhisdonii  'f'i.:; 
nions,  to  gr.int  them  leave  to  build  a  llone*"- 
liouli-,  ani'wered  them  thus  :  "  Y'ou  will 
"  jx-rhaiis,  at  firll  build  only  ,i  large  flroni' 
"  ll'inelujufei  but  at  another  time,  you'll 
*'  defire  to  enclofe  it  with  a  (hong  Hone 
"  wall  ;  .ifterwards,  you'll  llrengtiien  it 
"  with  tome  great  guns  -,  and  thus,  in 
"  piocefs  of  time,  \oii'll  render  it  to  llroni^, 
"  that  with  all  my  might  I  fiiall  not  be  able 
"  to  remo\e  you,  as  you  lia\c  done  at 
"  Mill.!,  and  other  parts  o\'  ihe  Go!, !-CriiJ}, 
"  where  by  little  and  little,  your  nation 
"  has  at  latt  fubdued  whole  nations,  and 
"  maile  the  kings  thereof  tributaries,  .ind 
"  flives.  Tnerefori',  laid  he,  keep  where 
"  you  are,  and  be  fatisficd ;  yoa  Ih.iH 
"  never  have  any  other  houfe  or  buiklinr' 
"  in  my  dominions,  to  carry  on  your  trade, 
"  but  llhh  as  (liall  beereded  by  my  own 
"  people,  as  we  ufu.dly  build  in  /Jnl-n,  that 
"  i",  with  clay  ;  and  that  you  tliall  keeper 
«'  hire  as  tenants  commonly  do." 

The  i)iefentking  of  Ardra  is fon  tothatTtdt-. 
late  king  '■T't'~\,  \ery  abfolute,  and  muclue- *«««':. 
fpected  by  the  whole  nation  ;  none  of  the 
fubjeds  ever  appearing  before  him,  witiiout 
filling  flat  on  their  faees,  and  in  that  hum- 
ble pollure,  they  fpeak  to  him.  Only  the 
gre.it  Mainhni,  or  chief  prieff,  has  the 
jirivilegc  of  tlandii.g,  and  difcourfing  hini 
in  th  It  pofture,  which  renders  him  the  fe- 
cond  pcifon  in  the  coimtry  ;  and  he  is  the 
king's  chief  minifter  of  tlate,  both  in  tern - 
por.ds  and  fpiriiuals. 

Of  all  the  (7/(i';£'.-j  kings,  thofe  of //r^/rd^ij;,,,., 
and  Bt'iiiii  are  the  moll  refpeded,  and  even 
dreaded  by  their  fubjtds.  This  king  of 
Aidrii  is  entirely  arbitrary,  in  all  matters 
of  government,  civil,  military  and  religious; 
jultiee,  peace,  war,  all  is  entirely  at  his 
dilpofal. 

Every  individual  fubjed  pays  him  a  heavy  ^j,,»>„ 
capitation,  as  well  as  foreigners  rcfiding  in 
his  dominions.  He  h.xs  a  numerous  court; 
and  every  officer  whatfoever,  is  called  cap- 
tain, according  to  the  pod  he  is  in.  The 
king's  fleward  is  called  capt.dn  table;  the 
purveyor  general,  captain  meat  ;  the  great 
butler,  captain  wine  ;  and  fo  of  the  others-, 
as  is  pradtiled  among  \.\\^B.ack  nations  at 
Cape  Verde. 

I 


Book IV.  I  Chap.  4.  Coafts  of  South-Guinea. 


the  gr.tn- 
'  he  fckiom 
e  in  a  yiar, 
"ix  1  yet  he 
ic  pre  emi- 

in  public  k 
lolite  m.in. 
un  he  Icni 
lor  extr.ior- 
hich  I  have 

importunediri/iMf,,, 
in  lii".  tiomi  'f '  iii.-i 
,uikl  .1  llone''"^ 

You  will, 
lar{i,c  ftronj; 
:iinc,  you'll 
(lionji,  Hone 
inngthcn  it 
id   ihus    in 

it  I'oHront;, 

not  be  able 
ivc  tlonc  at 
tGold-Ouf], 

yourn.iticn 
nations,  .ind 
)ut.iries,  .md 

keep  wl.trc 
you    IIiaU 

or  buikling 
in  yourtraile, 
1  by  my  own 
n  Jul  a,  that 

fli.iU  keep  or 

isfon  totlwtKd  • 
antl  muchre-*««i"" 
none  of  the 
im,   without 
in  that  hum- 
,     Only  the 
lea,    has  the 
ourfiiig  him 
liim  the  ll- 
and  he  is  the 
,oih  in  tern- 

»ofc  of  Ardra  Ak'ilui' 

\d,  aiui  even 
'his  king  of 
i-i  all  matters 
Ind  religious  i 
jircly   at   his 

,  him  a  heavy  Hi; .f^!'. 
[rs  refiding  in 
-rous  court  ; 
lis  called  cap- 
is  in.  The 
11  tabic;  the 
It  1  the  great 
If  the  others  -, 
\ck  nations  at 

1 


3?i 


cnnlm  I  li'i^'^  already  la-  ■  that  pafleng.TS  in  Jr- 
,,«'""«•'/'■■'  '^■1^'^  theronvci.:..(yot  travelling  from 
one  place  to  another,  in  a  ham.noek,  fallned 
at  both  tmls  to  a  long  pole,  on  men's 
flioulders,  as  at  Hdn.  The  porters  are  re- 
licveil  from  fpace  to  fpace  by  frelh  nun, 
anil  in  this  manner  a  pallVnger  performs  a 
long  journey  in  a  ilay,  without  any  other 
iitonvenienee,  than  being  kept  fo  long  ly- 
ing at  his  tul!  length,  in  the  hammock  v 
lor  when  it  rains,  orthe  weather  is  Icorch- 
in"  hot,  the  liamnioek  is  covered  over  by 
tiiC  porters,  with  a  fine  carpet  :  however, 
we  commonly  travel  only  by  night,  from 
/,!.'//<•  Ar.lrj  to  /(if-'m,  iinlefs  we  be  in  com- 
pany of  the  prince,  or  of  Come  very  noia- 
bL-  men  of  the  court,  when  we  can  travel 
by  ilay  <  but  the  politick  Ii!ad->  carry  us 
tiienalo.ig  by-roads,  and  never  through  any 
town  or  village,  tho'  there  are  many  fu.li 
on  the  great  road  ;  and  alledge,  that  it  is  a 
nofitive  order  from  the  government  fo  to 
ilo,  that  no  llrangers  may  obferve  the  dil- 
poiition  of  the  country,  and  the  nature  and 
fitu.tion  of  places.  Tlicreforc  when  we 
Jf^iiiite  men  .ire  can  led  to  Great  /Irdra,  to 
luve an  audience  of  the  king,  each  .Kcord- 
iiv  to  the  nation  he  belongs  to,  as  foon  as 
arriv'd  there,  every  one  i^  conduced  to  the 
lo.igings  in  the  king's  palace,  appointed  to 
that  nation,  and  there  very  handfunuly  f'jb- 
(illcd  at  the  king's  charge,  till  the  time  of 
the  audience  -,  and  what  the  king  praftifes 
in  this  particular,  with  European  vifitants, 
is  alio  obfervetl  by  the  great  men,  who  after- 
wards come  to  vifit  us  in  our  quarters. 

The  captains  of  commerce,  and  of  the 
king's  cavalry,  are  uhi.dly  introduftors  of 
the//'i.'/.-.S  to  the  king's  audience.  When 
com-;  into  the  king's  prtfence,  that  prince 
commonly  advances  Ibmc  Heps  to  the  Euro- 
jK.v.i,  takes  him  by  the  hanil,  prcfles  it  in 
his  own,  and  three  times  fuccenivjy  touchcG 
liis  loie-finger,  which  is  there  a  token  of 
amity  and  irienlfhip  •,  after  which,  he  bids 
him  fit  down  by  his  fide,  on  neat  mats 
fpiead  on  the  Hoor. 

Thiidone,  the  Eurofran  lays  his  prefents 
before  the  king,  and  dei  lares  what  it  is  he 
defires  of  him  ■,  which  is  told  him  by  the 
ordinary  interpreter,  as  is  the  king's  anfwer 
to  the  foreigner. 

The  audience  being  over,  the  Europcanh 
conduflcd  to  the  prince,  who  ufually  refides 
at  a  large  town,  enclofed  with  walls,  about 
two  Eiiglijh  miles  diftant  from  /IJfm,  or 
Greiil  /Irdra,  and  there  introduced  and  treat- 
ed much  after  the  fame  manner  as  he  was  at 
/Ijfcin,  being  feated  on  mats.  Thence  he 
goes  to  the  great  Marabou,  who  ufes  to  en- 
tertain foreigners  very  nobly,  and  tuAtt. 
them  well.  At  this  audience  we  fir  down 
on  fine  filk  cuthions,  after  the  TurhJ/j  fa- 
fliion,  and  they  are  on  extraordinary  curious 


mats.  The  Marahii  commonly  on  fuchBARiioT 
occafions  fends  after  dinnc-  for  his  wivc^,  ^^-y^ 
being  about  eighty  in  number,  to  honour 
us  with  the  fight  of  them  •,  they  immedi- 
ately go  into  a  kind  of  parlour  or  hall, 
and  there  dance  and  fing  before  us  to  the 
noile  of  their  mufical  inrtruments. 

This  great  Marabou,  as  I  have  laid  before, 
has  the  fole  privilege  of  leeing  tiie  king 
night  or  tlay.  Me  is  a  tall  well-lit  man,  much 
efbeemed  by  the  king  and  courtiers,  and 
extremely  reverenced  by  all  the  people  of 
the  country.  I  lis  drefs  is  much  like  that  of 
the  other  great  perfons  of  Ardra. 

The  kifig  and  the  prince  never  appear 
abroad  without  a  great  retinue,  and  fol- 
diers  armed  with  liivlocks.  'J'he  king's 
mailer  ot  the  horfe  generally  walks  next 
before  the  king,  with  hib  head  cover'd,  and 
a  cy miter  in  one  h.uid  i  the  king  following, 
for  the  mofl  part,  leaning  on  tlie  fhoulders 
of  two  officers,  having  the  great  captain  or 
general  of  the  horfe  on  his  rigiir,  and  the 
captain  of  commeree  on  his  1  ft ;  and  ail 
the  other  courtiers  and  gentry  roundabout 
in  a  croud. 


JVf.S'DI 


Hiriboa 
ml 


S  o  1. 


V    1 


K    V. 


•y  H  E  king  of  JrJra  can  foon,  upon,., 
*  occafion,  form  an  army  of  forty  thou- ,J,|,,/'^' 
fand  men,  or  more,  both  horfe  and  foot  •, 
the  law  ot  the  land  difpenfing  with  no  fub- 
jecff  from  ierving  in  the  army,  when  com- 
manded to  go  into  tlie  field,  unlcfs  decrepit 
with  age,  or  too   young. 

The    foldiers    at  Jnlrr.    are  commonly  i;\,%tar.!. 
armed  with    nnin<cts,     and    cyniiters,    or 
fworUs  •,  that  isthol'e  who  li\'e  near  the  coall : 
for  thole  will)  areinoie  remote  from  it,  ufc 
bow.s   and  arrows,     huigers,    javelins,  and 
svooden  clubs,  all  which  arms  are  very  fine, 
and  of  their  own  making.     Notwirhlfan  ling 
all  this, and  that  they  arc  naturally  lulty  men, 
and  feemingly  coui.igeous,  a  handful  of  re- 
lohite,  floi.li  men  will  foon    liiglit  tlicm,  fo 
as  to  give  way   at  tlie  firll  onfei :    which 
may  perhaps   proceed  fioni   two  tiefeifls  in 
their  army  -,    the  one,    that   they  have  no 
experienced  general   to  lead  and  command 
them  •,  the  other,  that  they  obferve  no  order 
nor  ranks,  but  march  up   to  the  enemy  in 
great  confufion,    flraggling    Ibme    to  the 
right,  Ibme  to  the  left,  as  every  one  iileafes. 
Thus  their  wars  frequently  prove  unfuccefs- 
ful,  and  they  are  commonly  beaten   by  the 
inland  nations,  afTifted  by  auxiliaries  from 
Full ;    fometimes  bringing  down  an  army 
of  feveral  hundred  thoufand  men,  moft  of 
them  cavalry,  and  a  warlike  people,who  now 
and  then  overrun  one  half  of  the  kingdom 
of  Ardra,  make  a  mighty  flaughter  of  men, 
and  commit  all  manner  of  outrages  and 
devaftations. 

That 


■iiiii 


'i<ifi 


vtm. 


3?i 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  IV. 


f.i'l 


WWv 


j1 llivir 


Prii:Tl'. 


Rmihot.  Tiiat  remote  inland  nation,  which  I  fup- 
^^VNJ  poff  to  be  the  0\(os  and  Ulkami,  ftrikes 
fuch  a  tcrrour  at  /Inim,  and  all  the  adja- 
cent countries,  th.it  they  can  fc.irce  hear 
theni  mcniioned  wiihoiit  trembling-,  and 
tlicy  tell  a  world  of  llrangc  (lories  of  them. 
Thcfe  inland  BLuki,  like  moil  of  the  Gui- 
tiiaiis  and  /Irdrifians,  arc  cruel  in  war,  and 
cut  oil"  all  tiie  privities  of  enemies  (lain, 
extending  their  iniuimanity  to  women  and 
children,  and  carrying  oil"  thole  privy  parts 
with  them  :  and  it  is  reported  of  them,  that 
none  mufl  prefume  to  take  an  enemy 
prifoncr,  who  is  not  fumiHicd  with  an  hun- 
dred ol  thole  trophies. 

It  is  the  cullom  in  /lnh,i,  to  keep  li)- 
leiiin  fealls  antl.iniiiverlaries,  to  eouimemo- 
r.ite  their  vidorie.s  over  ,ui  enemy,  tiiough  of 
I'lii.dl  importante. 

In  their  warlike  expeditions,  they  carry 
a  fort  ot'  (Lives  or  poles,  bowed  at  both 
cuds,  in  the  (igure  ot  an  S  •,  ar  the  extre- 
mity whereof,  they  difjl.iy  a  fmail  llaiidard, 
with  wliieli  they  make  abunii.iiice  of  va- 
rious motions ;  and  wiih  their  long  drums 
Ih.irp-pointed  at  one  end,  they  b;at  a  kind 
ot  ineafure:  others  have  a  tort  of  tinkling 
bi  lis,  on  which  they  beat  with  Hicks  ;  at 
which  noife,  the  foldiers  make  an  hundred 
various  ami  ridiculous  gcflures  and  motions 
with  their  bodies.  Tlie  lame  (brt  of  mufi- 
cal  inllrumeiu  is  alio  much  ufed  in  their 
feftivals  antl  divcrfions. 

They  have  publick  vocal  muficians, 
tale-tellers  and  butFoons,  to  divert  the  (ol- 
dijrs  in  the  field  -,  and  the cavaliy  has  fmall 
Ihoit  trumuets,  which  join  their  mufick 
to  the  preceiient  harmony,  to  excite  valour 
in  their  men  ;  but  to  little  purpofe,  as  I 
have  obferved,  becaufe  they  want  natural 
couraije,  like  the  Fidaf:ans  :  and  there- 
lore,  they  dare  not  revenge  themfelves, 
as  often  as  they  are  provoked  by  them, 
on  account  of  Ibme  infraftions  or  'r- 
regularities,  committed  to  their  prejudice, 
.IS  being  perpetually  at  variance  among  them- 
felves,  and  irreconcilable  enemies. 

Betbre  I  proceed  to  treat  of  the  admi- 
nitlration  of  jufticc,  religion,  i^c.  of  this 
country  •,  I  will  again  add  fomething  re- 
lating to  commerce  and  (laves. 

Commerce  and  Slaves. 


•T*  H  E  Europeans  are  there  commonly 
■*■  treated  with  all  manner  of  civility  by 
the  natives ;  and  there  is  great  variety  ot 
refrediments,  at  a  very  cheap  rate:  For  ex- 
ample, we  pay  for  a  barrel  of  frelh  water, 
and  a  load  of  wood  for  fuel,  twc  brafs 
rings  i  for  a  chert  of  fait,  four ;  and  for  a 
pot  of  beer,  one  :  and  thofe  rings  they  re- 
duce into  hens ;  four  of  them  there  called 
a  yellow,  being  five  hens. 


IvV. 


Rtfrtjli- 

mtnit 

thmf. 


A 


The  (laves  we  purchafe  there,  are  cither  ««*♦/, 
prifoncrs  of  war,  or  given  them  as  contri- 
butions, by  neighbouring  nations  or  kings; 
and  fome  alfo  that  have  been  judicially  con- 
demned for  crimes  committed,  to  perpe- 
tual (lavery:  befitles,  a  very  few  (old  to  us 
by  their  own  kindred,  or  parents. 

Administratiom  of  Justice. 
Perfon  who   dares  dilbbcy  the  king's C;y4*,4- 
commands,  is  beheaded,  and  his  wives'"'"* ''-< 
and  children,  ipfo  faiio,  become  the  king',*'"*' 
flaves. 

Infolvent  debtors  are  left   to  the  mercy  '''*'»" 
of  their  creditors,  who,  if  they  will,  may*"''''''"' 
fell  them   to  pay  themfeives.     The   fame "'"' 
ininitliment   is  inflided  on  him,    who  has 
debauched  another  man's  wite. 

As  for  adulterous  women,  if  the  crime 
be  committed  with  a  man  flave,  the  woman 
becomes  a  (lave  to  the  mafter  of  her  adul- 
terer, if  he  be  of  a  higher  rank,  than  the 
olVended  hufband  -,  but  if  the  husband  is  of 
a  higher  condition,  the  adulterous  Have  is 
to  be  flave  to  him  (or  ever.  As  to  other 
lortsof  crimes,  and  their  puniflinients,  they 
are  the  fame  as  at  FtJa  :  the  two  nations 
being  much  alike,  in  their  manners,  po- 
liticks and  religion. 

R  E  r.  I  o  I  o  N. 
'TTHOI'GI  I  the  difference  be  not  great,  I 
will  mention  Ibmepariiculars  of  the  reli- 
gion of  Ardra,  which  chiefly  depends  on 
the  fancy  and  diredion  of  their  prieds,  of 
which  there  is  a  vaft  number  ;  every  wealthy 
perfon  keeping  one  in  his  family,  as  his 
ch..plain. 

The  religion  of  thofe  BLiiks,  is  a  grofs 
fuperllitious  paganifm  ;  tho'  moftofthcm 
acknowledge  a  fupieme  Being,  but  in  a  very  .Vum'.i  c 
erroneous  manner,  proceeding  from  an opini- ''«''■ 
on, that  thefaid  lupreine  Being  determines  the 
time  of  life  and  death,  and  of  all  other  ac- 
cidents in  this  world:  and  tl.ey  are  naturally 
very  averfe  to  death,  even  as  to  tremble 
at  the  hearing  of  it  mentioned,  and  much 
difcouragcd  under  the  many  crots  accidents 
atten'^lingour  lives,  on  this  fide  of  the  grave. 
They  (luily  to  honour  that  unknown  God, 
by  the  ("ervicc  anil  religious  worfliip  of  their 
idols,  faying,  like  the  Ftdnfuns,  that  the 
fupreme  Being  is  too  great  for  us  to  dare 
approach  him  direftly  :  and  therelbrc,  they 
think  to  fervc  him  well  by  the  interpofition 
and  credit  of  their  idols.  Being  thus  pre- 
pofTefs'd,  they  turn  all  their  thoughts  and 
prafticcs  to  thofe  abfurd  inferior  gods,  in  inf„\w 
whom  they  put  all  their  confidence;  and-"''" 
have  fo  great  an  opinion  of  them,  as  to 
fay  and  believe,  tliat  whofoever  dares  mock 
or  flight  them,  will  be  punilhed  with 
death  ;  or  at  btit,  will  lead  a  very  mife- 
rable  life. 

Upon 


Book  IV.  Ichap. 4-  Coafis  of  Sovth-Quinea. 


3^3 


Upn  tliis  notion,  each  peri'on  tlicrc  has 
liis  peculiar  iilol,  compoleil  of  many  Hlihy 
tilings  i  or  ellc  it  is  fomc  natural  being  ei- 
th  r  anini.uc  or  inanimate,  which  he  keeps 
liiii  in  his  houli;  under  a  large  e.irtlicn-pot : 
;uu!  every  fix  months,  the  hcail  of  the  fi- 
rmly makes  a  publick  offering,  ami  puts 
tivcral  quellions  to  the  idol,  accoriling  to 
lii-.oaafions.  If  the  offering  is  not  large 
tiiough  to  fatisly  the  priift's  covetoulnels, 
;!>,  conimunly  the  greaicll  part  accrues  to 
h'ri'Volit,  he  tells  them,  that  the  iJol,  not 
be:ng  fitisfy'd  with  tlie  offering,  will  not 
return  an  anfwcr  to  the  queries  ;  whereupon, 
tky  are  very  ready  to  enlarge  it,  either 
!iy  lacrificinji  a  dog,  or  a  goat,  or  fome  more 
hens,  according  to  the  circumlhuices  of  tiie 
jieribn  :  which  beinii;  done,  the  pricll,  as 
the  mouth  of  the  dumb  idol,  gives  his  an- 
Iw.r  to  tlie  queries  of  the  worlhl(p,r,  with 
alow  voice.  And  thole  ilupi.l  Bi.'.l-,  tlm' 
i!uy  fee  and  hear  the  woriis  fpokeii  only 
hy  t!ie  lacrificcr,  or  |)ri;(l,  yet  they  firmly 
h.lievc  the  idol  himfelf  pronounced  them, 
by  a  ll'cret  impulfe  in  the  prieff. 

The  orai.ie  thus  delivered,  the  prieft 
cover>  the  idol  with  the  pot  as  hiu  niche, 
;ind  fpiinkles  it  cither  with  beer  or  meal  ; 
:iml  after  him,  every  oiie  that  was  prefent 
at  the  laerifice  (and  tliey  generally  invite 
their  friends  andneij^libouri^  does  the  fame, 
.",s  was  done   by  the  priell. 

If  a  pjrfon  happens  to  be  fick,  befides 
.theapplicationoffeveral  medicines,the  pried 
mud  come  in,  and  offer  facrifice  for  the 
reco'.eiy  of  the  health  of  the  patient,  ac- 
cording to  the  perlon's  ability  ;  either  a 
cow,  a  llieep,  a  goat,  or  fome  hens :  he 
rubs  the  idol  ot  the  (ick  perfon,  with  the 
Mood  of  the  olllring,  and  throws  away  the 
Helh, 

It  is  karce  conceivable  what  cretlit  the 
piielts  in  general  have  among  thofe  people  j 
and  what  reverence, and almoli  aeioration  they 
pay  the  '^reat  ALr.ihou  in  particular.  They 
:'.ll  b  lieve  him  to  be  an  eminent  diviner, 
and  foreteller  of  things  to  come  ;  by  the 
familiar  commerce  he  has,  as  they  fuppole, 
with  the  demon,  which  is  rci)rcfented  in 
his  hall,  where  he.  gives  audience,  and  re- 
ceives vifits,  by  a  ridiculous  imperfed  fi- 
gure, or  idol,  all  over  white,  as  big  as  a 
child  of  about  four  years  of  age:  for  they 
fiy,  the  devil  is  white,  whom  the  great 
Marabou  confults  about  future  event".,  and 
has  them  fo  cxadlly  revealed  to  him,  that 
not  a  fliip  arrives  on  the  Ardra  coaft,  from 
£«r£)/f, but  what  he  knew  of  fix  months  before. 
They  alfo  believe,  as  the  Gold-Coaft  people 
do,  that  the  devil  beats  them  cruelly  fome- 
timcs :  whether  It  be  fo  or  not,  I  aare  not 
affirm  ;  i:  is  very  certain,  that  feveral  of 
them  are  now  and  then  heard  to  Iiowl, 
fliriek,  and  cry  out  horribly  in  the  night- 


time.  And  thence  proceeds  fuch  a  dread  Ha ur  or. 
of  the  demon,  that  they  are  re.idy,  a^V/VNJ 
fome  fay,  to  ficrificc  to,  and  worfhip  liim, 
Ijecauh;  ol  his  cruel  temper,  in  order  to 
render  hini  lets  millhievous.  If  it  be  true, 
that  the  .1id>a  people  do  worlhip  thi^  evil 
fpirit,  we  have  inffances  in  authors  of  other 
nations  ot  the  knov.n  v.orli'  which  do  the 
fames  and  among  them  Ibmc  (j.:r.eff,  and 
other  eadcrn  lmhaK> :  as  alio  an  innumc- 
r.ible  multitude  of  the  ylmerhun  l!::l!ai:s. 

'I'he  ,7(v/  iij:.i>h  believe  the  mortality  ofhloritliu 
human  fouls,  and  that  they  .ire  annihi- '/''"/"•'■ 
lated  after  death,  the  llelh  initrifyinj^,  and 
the  blood  congcdiiig :  or  that  il  any  men 
be  exempted  from  th.ir  total  annihilation 
of  body  and  fuul,  they  are  only  thole  who 
ferve  their  country  in  the  army,  and  are 
kill'd  in  light;  .:i.d  do  poli:ivcly  affirm, 
they  have  a  multiiu.le  of  examples  of  fol- 
iliers,  who  having  bun  fo  kill'd,  do  not 
lie  above  two  il.iys  in  the  grave,  but 
return  to  life  ag.iin  vsith  other  features  and 
lineaments,  which  renders  tliem  unknown  to 
their  fiiends  and  acqu.iintance. 

This  ftrauLTc  opinion  is   inciilc.iteil  into 
the  people,  by  llie  cr.ifiy  priefts,  who  are 
generally  entirely   devored   to    co'inf.nancc 
the  defigns  and  pn!;tiek5(jf  the  government  \ 
which  being  very  fenfible  of  the  w.uu  of  na- 
tural courage  in  the  Jidrnjuv:!,    to   inlufe 
fomewhat  of  it  into  them,  that  they  may 
the  better  attend  the  fervice  of  the  army 
upon  occafion,  h.is  thought  fit,  in  all  likeli- 
hood,   to    m.    e  the  priiils  infinuate   fuch 
abfurd  notions   into  the  people.     And  the 
better  to  delude  and  conlirn)   tiiem   in  it, 
tliofe  priefts,  who  iifually  attend  the  army 
in  the  field,  as  the  /A'i,-e«'  Levites  and  jjriefts 
did,    (the   priell  Djii.iiab,  fon    of  'Jiid.i, 
was  one  of  the  mighty  men  of  David,  i  Sitm. 
xxiii.  20  }    arc  \try  careful  to  bury  in  t'e 
night-tin>e,  liieh  as  l,..ve  been  llain  in  light  i 
and  afterwards  allure  them,   they  are  rifen 
again  from  i heir  ^.raves,  and  that  they  have 
feen  them  full  ot  lite. 

Their  burials  in  Ardra,  are  commonly  FHnfr«/< 
performed  with  little  or  no  pomp  and  cere- 
mony, but  rather  privately  ;  only  upon  the 
death  of  the  king,  three  months  after  his 
funeral,  they  murder  Ibme  (laves,  and  bury 
them  near  him. 

Authors  tell  us,  that  the  late  king  Tezy 
had  fome  tindtirc  of  cliriftianity,  having 
been  bred  up  in  his  youth  in  a  convent  at 
St.  Tcmet  by  the  Portu^ucfc,  where  he  was 
initiated  in  the  principles  of  the  Roman 
religion  j  and  he  could  fpeak  Portiiguefe 
well,  and  that  he  had  willingly,  and  very 
readily  received  baptifm  accordingly,  had 
he  not  feared  the  power  of  the  then  greac 
Marabou  of  Ardra,  who  would  certainly 
have  excluded  him  from  inheriting  his  fa- 
ther's crown  and  dignity. 

X  X  X  X  To 


.<       ! 


t.Hl 


'..  '■ 


tP" 


1 


'■( 


•i  liAi' 


mm 


•I'i 


WW'i  I 


%  1 


mmi 


fi'^^mw§  A 


3?4 


yf  Defcription  of  the 


Book  IV. 


Barrot      To  concluiie  with  what  roncerns  reli- 

^i^V^^  gion,  k  is  as  morally  impofTihle  to  convince 

the   pi'ople  ot   /irJra  of  their  prroneous, 

grols  paganifm  by  human  minillry,  as  it  is  to 


convi  all  other  Bliuki,  for  reafons  already 
given  i  unlrCHprovidenrc  woulilcffcft  a  pro- 
(ligious  rliangc  in  their  nature,  by  icj  infinite 
irrefiltible  grace. 


diftrii'J. 


I.agos 
r'ntr. 


CHAP.     V. 

Courfe  to  Benin.  Rio  Fermofo,  or  Benin  river.  The  kiti^tiotn  of  Ulkamy. 
Awerri  attd  ^'^^  countries.  The  kin^dojn  of  ^*:nin  defcribed \  its  pro' 
dufl'  Ocdo  the  capitals  Trade  at  Benin.  Goods  imported  and  ex- 
ported,    Markets,  Sec. 


Coi'RSE  /"  Benin. 
117  E  commonly  reckon  about  fifty  five 
"'  leagues  in  a  ilireft  courll-eart  ami  by 
nortli,  from  the  road  ci\' Ijille  /Iriira,  to  !<to 
firwff/o,  which  is  flew;// river, called alfoy^r^o); 
river  i  being  the  ufual  courfe  the  llnlLmderi 
take  to  enter  that  river,  to  carry  on  their 
trade  in  the  kingdom  of /A'wV/.  But  tlic 
F.itgliJ/.'  '.nd  the  Portiiguefe,  enter  it  another 
way  •,  that  is,  at  the  channel  oil' I.r.go  ..swhiih 
begins  at  cape  I,:igo(is,  diftant  about  eight  or 
ten  leatr.ues  eaft  from  Liitli:  Jrtlr.i,  troin 
which  cape,  the  coaftruns  in  a  femi-citile, 
to  Rio  E-rmnfo  aforefaid,  on  the  north  fiJ:'  i 
and  the  lands  Lhoo,  or  Curamn  iflands,  lie 
opnofite  on  the  Ibuth  of  it,  .ill  along  at  fome 
diftance,  forming  thus  all  together  the  Z,rt- 
^^srtJchannel,  that  leads  to  Br)!iii  river,  whicji 
channel  at  fome  places, and  for  fevcial  leagues 
together,  is  no  broader  than  a  large  river  ; 
efpecially  from  the  cape  of  l.tn^om  aforelaid, 
and  the  fouth-wefl:  point  of  the  largell  of 
thcCwrrtwoidands,  to  the  river /.o^ua,  which 
runs  from  the  op|X)fite  north  country,  into 
th;-  I.ngoai  channel :  the  (horc  on  either  fi;)es, 
from  the  cape,  and  {\\i:  Ciirnmo  iflands,  being 
low  and  Ihallow  water,  withfands  all  along, 
as  it  is  all<»  on  either  fide  of  the  faid  ciianml, 
from  Rio  Logoas^to  Riol-'ermofo  in  Benin ;  only 
the  channel  there,  in  fome  parts,  is  very 
wide,  according  as  tiic  north,  or  main  (hore 
is  diftant  from  the  I'outh  fiile  ftiore,  made  up 
of  the  low  flat  iflands  of  Curatiw.  But  tiic 
right  courle  in  that  channel,  to  Benin  river, 
is  on  fifteen  and  fourteen  foot  of  water  all 
along,  from  wefttoeafl;  as  is  likewife  the 
other  channel,  eaft  of  the  Curamo  iflands, 
which,  as  I  have  hinted,  is  the  proper  channel 
ufed  by  the  Duta  ;  and  both  l.irge  and  deep 
enough  forbrigantine  floops,  and  other  fmall 
craft,  commonly  madeufe  of,  by  the  before- 
mentioned  European  nations  driving  fome 
trade  ^tBenin ;  among  whom, the  Hollanders 
have  the  greateft  fliare. 

For  the  better  knowing  of  the  two  feveral 
channels  to  Benin  river,  I  muft  obferve,  as 
to  that  of  Lagoai  ot  Lagos,  which  I  call 
the  weft  channel,  that  at  the  mouth,  or  en- 
trance of  it  into  the  ocean,  betwixt  cape 
Laj^os,  and  the  moft  weftern  ifland  of  Cu- 
ramo, which  together  with  the  coaft  on  cither 


fide,  extending  northwanl  from  the  chan 
ncl,  there  is  a  bar,  which  choaks  it  alnioll 
acrof^,  only  on  the  fide  of  Curamo  it  leavrj 
apafliige,  found  out  by  often  founding;  an;l 
through  it  you  enter  the  channel  of  Z.u^jj, 
fteering  your  courfe  north-eaft,  to  the  rivir 
l.flgis,  that  runs  into  it,  from  the  country 
on  the  north,  and  gives  its  name  to  the  f.iil 
chaiuiel,  according  to  the  Porluiue,''t;  who 
firit  tailed  it  I.ago  iL' Cutiitm.  I'hat  river 
I.agos  has  a  iiar,  at  the  entrance  into  the 
Lagos  channel,  wliicli  is  fcarce  navig.ibk- 
for  boats,  becaufe  of  the  mighty  hn^ts, 
that  render  it  very  difficult.  The  I'or.'nguffe 
geographers  place  CiiiJ  ■  ':  ,k  Jiihu,  or  tity 
of  Ji(b:i,  feveral  leagues  inland  of  this  river. 
From  cape  Lagos,  to  Rin  Lagos,  is  fil'tecii 
leagues,  the  courfe  north-eaft,  having  ;ii 
that  fpace  of  land  tl'.e  rivers  Rto-/!lho  ami 
Rio-Dodo,  at  a  diftance  falling  into  the 
channel,  and  the  viH.ige  Aljiia.'a,  on  the 
eaft  point  of 7^;o  L^agcs ;  and  not  far  from  it, 
at  eaft  again,  the  town  of  Cuian.o,  wlure^jj,^ 
good  fine  cloths  are  made  and  fold  by  the/jn 
natives  to  foreigner^  who  have  a  good 
vent  for  tlicm  .it  the  (>V./  Co.ijf ;  elpecialiy 
the  Hollanders,  who  carry  thence  gicar  cjuan- 
tiiies,  which  turn  to  a  goo.i  accoum.  .Sloops 
or  bar-canojs  are  toinmonly  inadit  ufe  of 
for  that  trade,  as  being  fmall  veftl-ls,  nr.- 
vigated  at  an  inconfiderable  charge,  and 
making  quick  voyages. 

Vrom  Curamo  10  Rio  P alma,  is  fevcntceno/w 
or  eighteen  leagues  eaft  •,  fome  towns  or  vil-'.'»»i  "J ' 
lages  lying  on  thefhore,  betwixt  them  j  as"'"' 
.lldea  de  A'madias,  Palmar  and  Jabum,  this 
laft  feated  weft  of  Rio  Palma,  or  Palmar, 
from  which  river  to  Rio  Priineirn,  is  eleven 
leagues  eaft  -,    and  from   Primeira  to  cape 
Ruygeboeck,  which  is  on  the  weft  fide  of  the 
mouth  of  Rio  Fcrmcfo,    or  Benin  river,  is 
twelve  leagues;    the   fhore    betwixt    both 
forming  a  large  bay,  in  which  are  three 
fmall  iflands,  near  the  main,  the  courfe  being 
eaft  fouth-caft,  to  the  faid  Benin  river. 

The  other  eaftern  channel,  betwixt  the 
eaftermoft  ifland  of  Curamo,  and  the  main 
land  o^ Benin,  is  about  ten  leagues  long,  the 
foundings  along  the  right  channel,  being 
fifteen,  twelve,  fourteen  and  fifteen  foot, 
from  fouth  to  north,  to  cape  Rusgehoak  j  the 

weftern 


Book  IV  I   Chap.?-  Coafts  o/"  South-Guinha. 


39? 


'f 


weftcrn  point  or  capr  of  the  river  Fermojb, 
which  at  a  ilillanff  looks  like  a  high  rock, 
with  till-  top  cut  ort  I  anil  with  the  callern, 
op^HilUi-,  low,  famly  bay,  conftitutes  tlu" 
iiiDUih  ot  that  rivtT,  being  about  eight  or 
iiinr  leiiBUc'Silillant  Irotn  each  other;  whence 
tlie  wo  lands  drawing  llill  more  and  more 
rof^fther,  ri'ducc  it  to  about  tour  F.ugltjh 
miles  in  width  I  I)  it  tiicn  filling  farther  up 
again,  ii  widens  in  lome  places,  and  narrows 
in  others.  Ihis  river  appears  very  plainly, 
if  entered  from  the  well  channel  i  for  from 
/Irdra  the  lanLi  is  even  and  wo(Kly,  t'le  vil 
lagc  Loebo  being  on  the  call  fidi-  of  the  moutii. 
Joao  AJnn'o  dc  .Iv.tro,  the  ii.ll  ihlcovcicr 
o( Bonn,  g»ve  this  river  the  name  of  R'n 
iermofo,  fignifyinfj;  in  Portuiid'p;  the  bL-aiiti 
fill  river ;  the  I'.iijjilh,  irciuh,  Dul-h,  and 
other  northern  y'.tt'V)/ii'/i;;(,  rail  it  indirt'erent- 
ly  B'liin  or  .If^on  river,  ./vnri  cairii-d  from 
Benin  to  L'sb-Jii  the  firlf  jiepper  that  ever 
came  out  of  thofo  parts. 

FtRMOso,  or  BtNiN  River. 

'T'HIS  river  fpreads  itfelf  into  a  multi- 
■*•  tudc  of  branches,  fome  of  them  lb  wide, 
that  they  might  themfelves  well  defervc  the 
n.une  ot  rivers  ;  on  all  which  there  are  many 
towns  and  villaj^es,  on  both  fides,  each  ol 
them  inhabited  by  a  particular  nation,  go- 
vern'd  by  its  own  king.  Among  thofe  many 
towns  and  villages,  arc  that  ot  /[j^umii,  on 
the  wfftern  bank  of  I'emiojo,  betwixt  two 
other  rivers,  and  that  of  Aldmb.ina,  on  the 
eall  Adc  fomewhat  above  i',»«rt'-^/v  •■,  with  an- 
other, Ibme  leagues  to  the  fouthward  of 
the  latter,  and  call-d  Rgocavi,  bcinj'  on 
the  north  mouth  of  a  river  running  from 
the  eathvard  into  the  lea  ;  as  Aiambana  lies 
on  the  fouth  fide  of  another  river,  called  by 
the  Eh^Iiju,   Bmnm. 

The  river  l-Wmofo  makes  abundance  of 
windings  and  turnings,  as  it  enters  the  coun- 
try of  Benin  ;  which,  with  the  multitude  of 
its  branciu'S,  renders  the  failing  up  it  16 
ilifiiculr,  that  a  pilot  from  land  isabfolutely 
necelTary. 

About  two  leagues  within  its  mouth,  are 
two  branches,  two  Etiilifh  miles  from  each 
other  i  upon  one  of  which  is  a  Portugiu-Je 
lodge  and  chapjiel,  at  the  town  of  Jwerri, 
belonging  to  a  nation,  independent  of  Benin, 
and  only  anally  and  neighbour  of  it 

The  ufual  trading-place  in  the  river  Fer- 
mofo,  is  the  town  of  .^rc^ff,  or  Arbon,  above 
(ixty  leagues  up  from  its  mouth,  beyond 
which  place  (hips  may  pafs  up  conveniently, 
failing  all  the  way  by  abundance  of  branches 
and  creeks,  Ibmc  of  them  very  wide.  For 
feveral  leagues  up  this  river  the  land  is  every 
where  low  and  morafly  ;  the  banks  all  along 
adorned  with  great  numbers  of  high  and 
low  trees,  and  che  country  all  about  it  divided 


into  illands,    by    the  vaft  number   of  itsPAKiuiT 
branches.     There   are   alio  rn.iny   floating  **'V>i«' 
iilands,  or  parcels  of  land  covered  all  over ^^j^*""' 
with   rullies,    which  are  often  removed  or 
driven  from  one   place  to  another,  by  the 
llormy  winds  and  tornados,    which  tailors 
olten  meet  with,  and  are  fort M  to  Iher  va- 
rious rourles;  lor  wl     'i  realon  a  land  pilot 
is  abfolutely    neceil.u        as    has  been    I  li ' 
belore, 

1  he  town  of  A'  I!  i.  about  hah  a 
mile  long,  lying  on  the  lalt-llle  of  the 
i'ci-mni'f;,  about  a  i]iiarter  of  a  mils  broad, 
and  ail  op''n  ;  the  country  beyond  it  all 
over  lull  ot  Ihiubs  and  tliiikets,  only  n 
ted  by  tucli  narrow  roads  or  paths,  thai  .>»o 
men  can  fcarce  walk  a-brealt. 

The  town  of  GoUoii,  by  the  Por/itgiic'e 
called  llugcU-,  or  Amotion,  In-ing  much  a- 
bout  th?  bignelsot  .libon,  is  twenty  lour 
leagues  farther  up  towaiih  the  north-ealt, 
and  the  river  much  n.irrowcr  from  Arbon 
up  to  Gotlon  i  this  latter  being  about  twelve 
leagues  diltaiu  from  the  metrnpohs  of  /?(•«/«, 
called  by  the  natives Oi./-;,  iioiih  iit  it. 

This  rivir  is  very  plealanr,  tor  which 
re.ilon  the  I'ortiigucfc  gave  it  the  name  ot 
Fermo/o  •,  but  %'ery  unwholefome,  as  moll 
of  the  rivers  of  Cid>k:t  are  :  which  mull 
proceed  from  the  continual  cxh.ilations  ho- 
vering about  them  ;  and  more  particularly 
thole  in  low  andmoralTy  grounds  :  to  which 
may  be  added  another  inconveniencv  he.e, 
and  in  other  places,  being  the  innui.ie  ible,, 
multitude  ot  gnats  or  molquito  s,  wi..ch  ,„j,, 
are  a  very  great  plague  to  all  lea  faring  m?n, 
efpecially  in  the  night-time.  The  lands  on 
each  fiJe  the  river  are  very  woo.iy,  which 
breeds  thole  tormentin;;  vermin  in  luch  im- 
menfe  numbers,  that  they  attack  our 
failors  at  night  on  all  fi.les,  ;;nd  lb  pelUr 
them,  that  many  ilie  next  mominy  are  not 
to  be  known  by  rhtir  features,  their  faces 
being  Iwoln  and  full  of  pimjilcs,  depri- 
ving them  at  the  fame  time  of  their  natu- 
ral rell  ;  which,  together  with  the  unwhole- 
fome air,  occafions  a  great  mortality  among 
our  Eunpta't!,  fome  Hoops  or  fhips  in  one 
voyage  often  lofing  one  half  of  their 
crews,  an.l  others  more,  and  the  furvivors 
remaining  very  weak  and  fickiy :  which 
llrikes  fuch  a  terror  into  Htilors,  that  few 
are  willing  to  ferve  in  fuch  voyages  and 
the  boldelt  always  afraid  of  their  lives. 

The  Porlugiitfe  tell  us,  there  is  in  this 
country  a  lafid-road  to  Calbtiry,  ahd  a  paf- 
fage  yet  more  convenient  by  water  for 
canoes  to  go  from  hence  into  the  neigh- 
bouring rivers,  arid  to  Rio  Fvlla  afid  Lt^os 
weft,  and  to  El-Re^  Camarones,  and  others 
caft  \  which,  as  te  Rio  Folia  feems  impr6« 
bable,  but  as  (o  the  othefs,  'tis  eafy  to 
conceive  it  may  be  the  rivers  in  this  j»rf 
of  Gnintit  being  fe  rwar  tog*th«i'. 

Were 


•'-     rl,, 

wm 

I ■■'  ■ 


I'i .  •■'< 


3<?<5 


A  Dejcription  of  the 


Book  IV. 


'ii  ■'    I' 


m  W 


I!  iHHfn  (i  !■: 


I- 


I 


Rah  MOT  WriT  it  not  for  the  intcmpcraturr  of 
l/VVlthc  ilim.itc,  .mil  tlu  pliguc  dI  nn.ui,  this 
woulil  Ih'  a  vn  y  pl<.ir.iiit  |il..i'c  tor  truik- ; 
the  river  Ivin!;  lo  .^{rcc.ibh',  .mil  thecoutr- 
try  on  i.u  h  fi  !c  very  \>\.un,  without  hill., 
only  wCww,  ^l,^■n^\y  j  which  .itloriK  u  very 
liiii-  prolpcitt,  the  trees  Ibiuling  in  ni.iny 
inrts  .IS  ri[Vil,ir,  us  if  jtl.mtcil  by  art  ;  lurt 
till-  Kinks  ot  the  river  .ire  thinly  llnriil 
with  vill.ij'.is  .uul  iott.i^;cs  on  both  fiiKs, 
whiih  may  be  bccaiilc  iloll-  by  tlu:  rivi  r, 
the  lo!l  IS  lot  (;ooil:  tor  ihout^li  what  is 
i'ti\^n  tonus  up  well,  yet  ilu  lont.inioiis 
damps  ot'  tile  river  kill  it  •,  but  it  louu- 
didanrc  iVom  it,  the  land  is  cxtra'.rJinary 
rruitlul,  and  yields  a  rii  h  irop,  of  every 
thinp,  pl.mtcd  or  lowed.  How  fjr  it  ex- 
tend, itl'ilt'  up  the  inland  thro'  the  king- 
dom ol  lii-!:ii,  none  ot  tiic  /I'/./cl.i  e.m  till  ; 
tho'  it  i  ■  lutural  t<>  inter.  Ironi  its  wid.i,els 
bilow,  for  many  lea|!;ucs,  th'.t  it  lonus  from 
verv  r;iiinte  lountries. 

B'  toie  I  proieid  to  the  drii  ription  of 
the  kiii^i,  Iciin  ot  lifinii,  and  ot  the  trade  of 
its  rivi  r  ler;iir,h^  it  will  be  projs.r  to  l^iy 
fonieihin^  ol'  ih.-  kinj^doni  or  lounnyof 
Vikiiin:,  lilu.'.t.J  bctwixc  .Irur.t  and  li'tiin, 
wiiol'i;  n.iinc  only  has  been  inention'dbifore. 

Kingdom  (f  Ui.kamv. 
T  bonkrj  at  e.dt,  I'outh  ami  wdl,  and 
at  north,  on  an  unknown  potent  n.ition  : 
tiie  natives  mil  it  ylikomy,  ami  reprelint  it 
as  .1  mighty  il.ite,  svliiiicethe/AJ/rfy/rt'/jget 
mod  of  the  flaves  they  fell  to  us,  whom 
the  Jlkomy  lUa.ks  t.ike  prilbners  in  tliiir 
excuilions  on  their  neij^hbouri  •,  but  are  a 
fort  of  pef.pic  who  have  little  commimica- 
tion  with  them  :  and  thereto; e  can  fay  no 
more  of  their  manners  and  religion,  than 
Urtumci-  that  tlicy  circumcife  men  and  women,  when 
Jim.  youni;  i  the  ilaiighters  at  ten  or  eleven 
years  of  age:  which  tliey  fay  is  done,  by 
means  ot  large  ants  or  pifmires,  of  a  yel- 
low colour,  tallened  to  .i  Hick,  and  thus 
apply'd  to  the  part,  and  left  there,  till  they 
have  bit  it  in  many  parts  lb,  th.it  the  blooil 
guflies  out  of  it,  which  is  .i  very  p.iinful  ope- 
ration to  the  p.itient  \  and  then  the  inleiits 
are  removed. 

A  w  E  R  R  I  and  U  s  a  . 

TO  return  to  Benin.  The  Bluch  of  Rio 
K'rmoj'o,  and  the  circum'iacent  country, 
for  a  great  way  up,  compofe  many  Imall 
territories,  and  petty  kingdoms,  Rach  of 
which  has  its  peculiar  governor,  or  king  ; 
but  all  vafliils  to  him  of  Benin,  except  thole 
of  Jtverri  and  the  Ufa  men,  a  particular  peo- 
Tir»iti.  pie,  who  live  altogether  on  plunder  and 
piracy  on  the  rivers,  fei/ing  men  or  goods; 
all  which  they  fell  to  the  firft  that  come 
thither  for  provifions ,  being  them- 
felves  ill   furnifhcd,    ac  (heir  habitations. 


which  are  |u(l  at  thf  mouth  of  the  river 
Icrmefo  \  and  are  thfref»)re  called  the  pi. 
rattk  of  U.',t.  Tholt  knavifh  people  extend 
tiK'ir  piracy  to  t.ir,  th.ii  ni.uiy  nun  (omiinA, 
from  Ar.lra,  Cnitiurs,  and  Icvcnl  other 
p.irtsof  OkZ/icj,  call  or  well  of  Htnn,  have 
iK-en  takm  on  that  nnr,  .ind  Ibid  tor  n.i\tj 
by  tlidii.  TholeCi  .ind  .ij.i'>n  men, have 
alw.iys  kept  themlelves  free  from  the  ju- 
rildii'tion  of  the  king  of  Brnin,  to  tiin 
tini;-,  but  are  as  miuh  tyranni/.ed  over  by 
(heir  own  kings,  upon  .ill  (Hcdions;  .inJ 
they  I  deem  the  ((iiilitieation  ot  the  kiiiji\ 
dives  .1  very  h.ippy  tondiiinn. 

The  river  Jrrmofa,  ami  .ill  its  branches 
li.irliour  a  multitude  of  eroi  oililis  .uul  lu- 
horles,  gre.u  .111 1  linall  ;  and  though  not 
very  full  ot  filh  towirds  their  head*,  yit 
liirnilh  tlie  n.itivrs  with  it  nearer  to  tlieir 
moiuli>.  Among  the  kvei.d  forts,  thtre 
is  one  i.ilkd  the  quiki  r,  becaufe  it  caulei 
a  diivering  in  the  arm  ot  .my  peilon  tli.it 
iIoiTs  but  l.iy  one  linger  on  it.  There  ii 
.iiiotlier  l(;rc  ot  11(1],  very  cuniinon,  at  .i 
pl.ice  lalled  Bc.t  lU  la  Mar,  the  muiitli  of 
the  tea,  where  they  dry,  fmoak  and  felt 
it  all  about  tiie  country  \  but  not  b  in^^ 
well  liilted,  it  has  an  ill  tadc,  putriti^s 
pielendy,  and  llinks  inioLrably. 

Of   lhi>    KlNGlJOM    (f    Bh..IM. 

'T'lIiS  kingdo.ni  in  general,  is  by  an- 
tient  geographers  called  the  Dfim- 
nei  .€ibiv/ei,  and  the  mountain  that  'Ipa- 
r.ites  it  from  /Jr.hj,  /Irnnna  mons.  It 
borikrs  to  the  north-wtd,  on  /l!kom\i, 
jfiitr,,;  Ji'^xo,  and  Oeilol'o  ■,  to  the  north,  on 
the  kiiigdoiTi  of  CiLoi;  which  is  eight  il.iys 
louriuy  from  Oi'iio,  tlie  metropolis  of  Be- 1„  i,.^,' 
nin;  to  the  call,  on  the  finds  ot  fjl.inna, 
/kvtiri  and  I'onado;  anti  to  the  louth, 
on  the  fever.d  little  countries  .mil  territo- 
ries next  the  lea  •,  whieh  are  tributaries  to, 
.md  dependants  on  it,  exiejit  Avjirn  ;ind 
U:(l,  as  1  have  oblervid  belorc.  And  thus 
Haitn  m.iy  well  be  l!iid  to  extend  on  the 
louth  to  the  .Hib.o/iik  oee.in. 

Its  extent  trom  louth  to  north,  mu ft  be -,,,„,., 
near  two  hundred  leagues,  and  its  breidthn,,m/,r,f; 
trom  Wed  to  cad,  about  one  hundred  and ?";'<■ 
twenty  five  :  but  is  a  country  not  eafyto  tra- 
vel in,  being  for  ti.e  moll  part  very 
woody.  The  finds  about  OifJo,  the  metro- 
polis, and  thole  near  the  fea-lide,  are  very 
well  peopled,  and  Itored  with  towns  and 
villages,  little  frequented  by  Kurojeam : 
it  is  alto  Well  inhabited  towards  Aikom^  \ 
however,  thougli  there  is  a  vaft  number  of 
people  in  the  kingdom,  yet  in  proportion 
to  its  extent,  .ind  in  comparifon  of  Hia 
and  Ardra,  it  is  not  populous,  the  towns 
in  many  parts  being  at  great  diftance  trom 
each  ottier  ;  cipecially  up  the  inland,  and 
near  the  river.    Iht  Portu^uefe  \in<^ctJohit 

Alfonfo 


Chap. 


<;,  Coafts  of  So vr  h-G u i n e a. 


3'>1 


th,  muft  beEj„„j,.( 

its    brt  ulth  nnmfiri  r; 

hunJrcdandf'f''' 
)t  (fulyio  tra- 
part   very 
tiK  metro- 
Lie,  are  very 
towns  and 
Kurojcans : 
■ds   Aikoin)  t 
number  of 
.  proportion 
ifon  of  Hiti 
the  towns 
Jiftatice  from 
inland,    and 
under  John 
Alfonjo 


ft 


fe 


Monfo  dt  Avtire,  firft  dilcoverrd  this  king- 
,!„ni  in  the  reign  of  Dom  Jobi  '  king  of 
lhrtu%iil.  yaltonctloi,  an  autht  of  that 
nation,  ma^-'S  it  but  eighty  leaguej  long, 
and  forty  in  breadth.  Aivartz  at  his  firft 
voyagt.  thither,  cftablilhrd  a  correfpon- 
lit  pi  c  with  the  king  of  flc«i«,  who  pro- 
niiled  to  become  a  chrillian  ;  but  after 
fome  yearn  of  coinmerce,the/'«r/(.;f  ix-yi-  being 
niade  fcnfibir,  how  little  fuccefs  their  trou- 
ble and  enilcavours  ufcd  to  convert  thofc 
fouls  would  meet  with,  l^ecaufe  of  their 
obftinacy  and  perfidioufnefs,  as  well  in  ci- 
vil as  religious  concerns,  began  to  difcon- 
iinue  it  in  the  reign  of  Dom  Jobn  III. 

This  country  in  general  is  fl.it  and  low, 
and  very  woocly,  as  bar.  been  obfcrved  be- 
fore, cut  through  in  lomc  parts  with  rivers, 
and  Iwampy  ^rounds,  and  in  other  parts 
is  dry  and  barren  j  but  this  is  fo  in  a  more 
p,inicular  manner  about  /l^auon,  and  Uedo : 
tor  which  rcalbn,  the  king  of  Benin  keeps 
conllantly  fcverai  men  on  the  toads,  to 
prclcrvc  there  frefh  water  ingreat  large  vtrtels, 
tor  the  convenicncy  and  ufc  of  travellers, 
>k|io  are  to  pay  a  certain  loll  for  it,  and 
no  man  dares  ulc  it  without  paying. 

Product. 

^^    "yHF.  land,  for  the  mod  part,    produ- 

iMif    *    ces  Inili.in  wheat,  but  not  millet,  which 

""      makes  the  former  very  cheap-,  and  the  more, 

becaufe  the  natives  do  not  much  value  it  : 

wherefore  but  little  is  fowed,    which  yet 

yields  a  prodigious  quantity  of  grain,  ;'nd 

very  Uifcious.      Inltead  of  corn  there  is  a 

proiii^ious  plenty  of  yams,  which  is  their 

molt  common  diet,  for  they  eat  them  in- 

fte.id  of  bre.id,  wiih  all  forts  of  flefli  i  and 

arc  therefore  very  cautious  to  improve  the 

proper  times  of  the  year  for  planting  of 

them. 

,,„„„,      Potatoes   arc   not  verv  plentiful  i    but 

iwjwj.they  have  two  forts  of  beans,    much  like 

our  horfe-beans,  of  a  hot  difagreeable  tafte, 

and  not  wholefomc.     There    is  no    rice, 

though  the  morafTy  grounds  in  many  parts, 

leem  to  give  rcalbn  to  believe,    it  might 

grow  well  if  lowed. 

In  the  fpace  of  land  betwixt  Oedo  and 
Atatton.,  grows  abundance  of  citrons,  oran- 
ges and  lemons,  and  a  fort  of  red-pepper, 
much  like  in  colour  and  tafte  to  the  pie- 
mento,  or  Guinea  pepper  •,  which  the  na- 
tives ufe  molt,  uponoccafion  of  confirming 
by  oath,  what  they  contraft  or  covenant  a- 
mong  themfelves,  crufhing  it  then  in  their 
hands,  fome  fwearing  never  to  eat  of  it, 
and  others  to  eat  of  it  in  all  fauces. 
OiMui  The  fruit-trees  are  ;  the  coco-nut,  Cor- 
(...■4.  m(f«/ v«-apple,banana,  baccoven,  wild-fig,  and 
the  palm  and  bordon-wine  trees,  both  which 
laft  are  not  the  beft  in  Guinea,  The  cotton- 
trees  are  alfo  very  plentiful,  and  of  the  very 
Vol.  Y. 


fincft  fort;    the  wool   whereof  they  dnfs, IUhm.u- 
fpin  and  weave  into  ll-veral  lort  ot  cloths,  V^Y^^* 
whicli  mak  ;  one  br.-im  h  of  the  tr.ide  oi  the 
country  i  the  Eitroptaiii  buying  vaft  quanti- 
ties to  fell  .It   the   Gold-Ceijl,    as  1  h.ivc 
obfervcd  before. 

The  Hollanders,  fome  years  ago,  planted 
of  this  Ibrt  of  cottonleed,  at  llouret, 
which  they  did  in  Manb  \  ,ind  it  throve 
fo  well,  tiiat  to  this  day,  they  have  fome 
plants  ot  it  there.  Some  other  fruits  there 
arc  growing  on  trees,n()t  extraordinary  good, 
and  only  known  ami  ulcd  by  the  natives. 

Indigo  grows  there  abundantly,  and  iliey  ;„ji^j  a^ 
have   the  art   of   making  very  good  h\\M:  tiliir  J)<i. 
from  it,  with  which  tluy  <iye  their  cloth. 
They  alio  know  very  well  how  to  make  fe- 
veial  forts  of  green,  black,  red  and  yellow 
dyes,  cxtrafted  by  friition  and  decodion, 
from  certain  trees  bift  known    to   them- 
felves: and  being  better  ikill'd  in  making 
Ibap,  than   any    other  people  of    (iuiiuui, 
their  cloths  .uc  generally  very  clean.    Moft 
people  in  Benin  arc  clothed  with   ir,     bt- 
fidcs  what  is  yearly  exported  by  themfelves 
and   foreigners,    to  many  other    parts  of 
Guinea. 

They  make  foap,  as  at  the  GolJ-Confl, w'\th  uap. 
palm-oil,  banana-leaves,    and  the  afhes  of 
a  certain  wood  j    and  differ  very  little  in 
the  manner  of  making  it. 

This  country  is  well  ftorcd  with  imyWcMili. 
horfes,  alTes,  goats,  cows,  fliccp,  dogs,  cats, 
poultry,  and  feveral  forts  of  deer,  all  pretty 
cheap  and  good,  tho'  the  cattle  be  very 
fmali,  but  well  Lifted.  Dogs  and  cats  are  the 
choicelt  dilhes  of  the  natives.  The  fliecp 
as  at  Seftrc  arc  without  any  wool. 

They  have  likcwile  abundance  of  wild„',/j 
bcafts,  elephants,  tygcrs,  lions,  kopanls, wild  4m///. 
boars,  civet  cats,  wild  cats,  Icrptnts  of 
all  forts,  land-torioifes,  i^c.  the  elephants 
are  in  a  more  particular  manner  prodi- 
gioully  plentiful  ;  but  lions  and  tygcrs  are 
not  frequently  feen  there.  Jackalls,  or  wild 
dogs,  arc  reported  to  be  very  numerous  \ 
and  apes  of  all  fizes  and  (brts,  among 
which,  baboons  extraordinary  large,  that 
will  afTault  men,  if  not  too  numerous  for 
them.  Their  feveral  forts  of  deer,  wild 
boars,  and  other  eatable  wild  beafts,  afford 
good  fport  J  and  a  man  may  very  well 
live  upon  it. 

There  is  alfo  tx)ult.y  of  all  forts,  phea-r(»;. 
fants,  partr  <  g-,  ,  both  green  and  blue  , 
turtle  and  m; ;,  .'oves,  a  fort  of  ftorks, 
crooked-bills,  ..ucks,  water-hens,  divers, 
fnipes,  a  fort  of  birds  almoft  as  big  as 
oftriches,  and  another  that  is  a  crown-bird ; 
befidesa  vaft  number  of  many  fort^  of  birds, 
large  and  fmall,  with  a  multitude  of  par- 
rots of  ii:veral  kinds. 

The  Blacks  of  Benin  being  no  great  lo- 
vers of  fvc-arms,    and  confequently  not 
Y  y  y  jr  well 


*    \ 


■I    1' 


iv!i>i 


(';. 


-\\\ 


(■  .!■ 


W 


i\t 


UV 


198 


y^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  IV. 


BARBOT.well  (killM  in  the  ufc  of  them,  feldomany 
^■'V^'fowl  or  wild  beads  rome  to  hand  •,  or  wiu-n 
they  catch  any,  it  is  by  means  of  nets :  tho' 
fometiiiics  tliey  kill  wild  boars  and  deer 
with  their  javiiins;  but  that  is  rare,  and 
thok'  jieojili',  hi  ing  naturally  cowards,  dare 
not  venture  to  hunt  lions  and  tygcrs :  of 
wliith  more  htrcaftcr. 


AvuJlcUy 


Xohle 
llretts. 


HtM/tl. 


O  E  D  o  lie  Capital. 
f^l.DO,   the  metropolis  of  Stv;»«,  is  pro- 
^  iligious   large,    taking   up    above   fix 
leagues  of  ground  in  comiials,  if  we  include 
therein  tiie  ijucin's  court  ori)alace  ;  fo  that 
no  town  in  (Guinea  can  compare   to  it,    for 
extent  ,iiui  beauty.    It  ■■>  fe.itcd  about  twelve 
leagues  north  north-Weil  fiom  /{a^ulliii,  in 
a  vaft  plain,  which  is  as  pleaf.int  as  could 
be  willied  i  being  all  over  planted  with  fine 
large  ^uui   evergreen  trees,  very  regularly 
dllpoled.     It   is  enel(v-'d  on  one  fivle  iiy  a 
double  ridge  of  trunks  of  trees  about   ten 
foot  high,  fet  clof'  together  in  the  giound, 
(or  a   feiiec  or  palilado  to  it  i    the   trunks 
faOened   to  one  anothc  r  by  long  pieces  of 
timber  athwart,  and   the  interval  between 
the   two  ridges  or  rows  of  tiunks  tilled  up 
with   ral  clammy  earth;  which   at  a  dil- 
tance  looks  like  a  good   thick  wall,  very 
even  and  fmooih.      Ihe  other  (v^t  of  the 
city,  is  naturally  defeiKL-d  by  a  large  mo- 
ral's ;  which  is,    btfides,  covered   by  thorny 
ihriibby  buflies  very  thick  together,  lb  as 
that  the  moral's  can  hardly  be  well  come  at. 
The  town  has  feveral  gates  at  a  diltancc 
from  each  oth.er,  on  the  fide  of  the  wood, 
and  clay-wall,    being    but  ten  foot    high, 
and  five  broad,  and  Ihut  with    one  fingle 
jiiecc  of  wood,    hung  up  at  eath  gate,  in 
ih(    manner  as  we  do  our  gaps  of  ground 
in   1:1(1 ''I  e:  they  keep  .i  guard   of  lokli'.  rs 
at  each  gate,  which  leads  to  the  coentry 
through  a  fuliurb. 

Tiiereure  mOedo  thirty  very  great  ftreets, 
moll  of  ihem  proiiigious  both  in  length 
and  breadth,  being  twenty  fathom  wide, 
an'.l  .'.Imoll  two  I'jv^lijh  mile',  long,  com- 
monly extending  from  one  gate  to  another, 
in  a  firait  line;  .uul  befi  les  thele,  a  great 
number  of  crols-ftreets  and  lanes.  In  the 
large  wide  flreets,  continual  markets  are  kept 
in  the  fore  and  after-noon  every  day,  of 
cattle,  elephants-teeth,  cotton  wool  or 
yarn,  and  many  forts  of  I'.urojeiin  goods : 
and  all  thcjle  ftreets,  though  never  fo 
long  and  wide,  are  by  the  women  kept 
verv  neat  and  clean  i  every  woman  being 
charged    to  fwecp  before  her  own  door. 

The  houl'es  in  every  ftreet  I're  very  thick 
and  clofe  built,  and  all  full  of  inhabitants ; 
the  (liells  ol  the  houfcs  are  all  of  a  firong 
claminy  clay,  two  foot  thick,  and  but  one 
ftory  high,  there  not  being  one  Hone,  tho' 
never  fo  fmall,  to  be  found  in  the  whole 


country.  The  tops  are  thatched  with  ftraw 
or  palm-tree  leaves  j  moll  houles  are  very 
wide,  each  having  a  great  gallery  within, 
and  fome  another  without,  where  they 
place  forms  and  benches,  to  fit  or  lie  on 
to  take  tiie  frefli  air,  in  hot  fcorching  wea- 
ther. The  ordinary  houfcs  have  but  one 
door,  and  no  windows,  receiving  light  only 
at  a  hole  left  open  for  that  purpofe,  in  the 
midtlle  of  the  roof,  and  to  let  the  fmoke 
out,  in  rhoie  rooms  defigned  for  kitchens. 
The  bell  houles  are  very  large  and  hand 
lome,  and  tolerably  well  built,  if  compared 
with  the  buildings  of  other  nations  of  7)'. ;;;,{■;. 
I'.uh  of  thole  large  houles  is  ilivjded  into 
feveral  little  rooms,  for  divers  uies.  Their 
g.dleries  are  very  neatly  kejn,  being,  as 
molt  of  the  infide  of  the  houfe-walls,  walliM 
over  with  a  red  glazy  paint,  as  the  king  of 
■Septra's  houfcs  are,  before  mentioned  by  nii\ 
1  he  houles  of  gieat  and  notable  perlbns, 
are  yet  finer  antl  l.irger  than  thole  ot  the 
commonalty  ;  lor  thele  have  generally  gal- 
leries within  .ind  without, fupported  by  llron" 
pi. inks,  or  pieces  ol  timber  ttn  ortw.Ke 
loot  liigh,  inlleid  of  columns,  not  plained, 
but   hewed  out. 

This  large  ciiy  is  ili\ided  into  fevcr.d 
wards  or  dillricls,  eachof  which  isgovtri/J 
by  its  relpeiitive  king  of  the  flreet,  as  ihey 
cdl  them  here,  to  adminifkr  luflice,  am! 
keep  good  order,  being  in  lome  nianner 
like  our  aldirmen  ot  wards  in  l.oiidoii. 
Thefe  kings  of  the  flreet  by  their  poll, 
and  being  coinmonly  rich  men,  have  a 
great  .lutiiority  over  the  inhabitants  of  thdr 
reipeel've  ward'. 

The  roy.d  palace  flandson  the  high  road  ft,  ;j;,,^ 
leading  Ironi  Hnnn  to  ,^^.iltni,  at  tlic  riglit 
han.l ;  and  is  lo  large  and  Ipacious,  tliit  it 
takes  up  as  much  room  as  R-chrl  or  li.ur- 
(Iratix,  being  all  enclofed  with  a  baliilliade 
wall,  of  the  lame  Huff  and  materials,  as  I 
have  Ihewn  the  city  is  on  one  fide  ;  hoA-- 
ever  this  palaee  is  accounted,  and  in  reality 
makes  a  part  of  that  great  city,  being  alio 
built  on  a  very  great  plain;  about  whitli 
there  are  no  houles,  but  has  nothing  more  of 
rarity  in  it,  than  the  other  buildings  of  the 
town,  only  that  it  is  extraordinary  large, 
the  houfes  and  apartments  in  it  being  all  of 
the  lame  materi.ds ;  however,  it  is  remarka- 
ble for  its  l.irge  court's  and  long  witle  gal- 
leries. 

The  firft  of  which   is  fupported  by  near  . 
fixty    ftout  planks,    twelve  foot  high,   in 
lieu  of  pilaliers  rougldy  hacked  out. 

When  p.ill  this  gall  ry,  you  come  to  the 
clay  wall,  which  has  tl.rec  gates,  one  at 
each  angle  or  corner,  and  one  exadly  in 
the  middle,  adorned  -.vrirh  a  wooden  turret 
about  leventy  loot  hi,"!  ,  narr.  avit  above 
than  at  the  bottom  ;  and  on  the  top  of  it  is 
placed  a  long  large  copper  fnake,  its  head 

hanging 


Book IV,  ■  Chap.  $•.  Coajlt  of  SovTk-Guisea. 


3^9 


with  ftraw 
•9  are  very 
cry  wichin, 
vhcrc    tlicy 
c  or  lie  oil, 
chin;;  wea- 
ve but  one 
g  light  only 
pole,  in  the 
[  the  Imoke 
or  kitclu-iis, 
i:  ami  haml- 
il  lomiwrcd 
)ns  ot  liuids. 
ilividud  into 
ul'es.    Thtir 
t,    being,  as 
vails,  walliM 
IS  tlu-  kin};  of 
Lioncd  by  iiU'. 
ibU-   iKrlons, 
iholc  oi   the 
Tintrally  gal- 
rttdby  llrong 
tin  or  twilve 
,  not  plained, 

d  into  llvir.d 
ich  i.-^  govcrii'd 
ibx'ct,  as  ihcy 
r  lulHcc,   and 

luine  manner 
ds  in  l.oiidnn. 
)y  tiieir  poll, 

linn,    have  a 

bitants  ot  thdr 

the  high  road  rt,  :.,:,,■ 

at  the  rigl'.t 
lacioiis,  that  it 
'.'cbA  or  li.ur- 
ii  a  balulhadc 
ni'.crials,  as  I 
le  fide  :  lioAf- 

and  in  realiiy 
ty,  being  alio 

about  which 
luthiiigmorcul' 
liildings  ot"  the 
|r(',inary  large, 

it  beinf^  all  of 

it  is  rmiarka- 
lloiig  wide  gal- 

liorted  by  Hf^xj*.';'"- 

loot  high,   in 

Jcked  oLit. 

\\\  come  to  tiie 

Lues,    one  at 

jne  exadly  in 

Iwooden  turret 

^rroWiT  above 
the  toil  of  it  is 
jnake,  its  head 
hanging 


Iti  flhtr 


hanging  downwards,  eitiicr  caft  or  ham- 
mer'd,  ?nd  indifferent  good  work.  Every 
building,  or  houfe  has  alio  a  fmall  turret,  of  a 
pyramidal  tbrm  i  on  Ibineof  which  is  fix'd 
11  call  bird  of  copper,  with  llretch'd-out 
win|js  •,  which  is  alto  a  pretty  fort  of  work 
tor  Bhuks,  and  induces  me  to  think  they 
li:ive  tolerable  good  workmen,  that  are 
Ibincwhat  ikilled  in  calling  brafs  orcoppjr. 
Within  tliofe  gates   apii.Mrs  a  plain   of 


s" 


kni'- 


ink 


about  an  Engiij/j  mile,  alniult  Iquare,  en- 
clof:d  witii  alow  clay-wall,  at  the  end  of 
which  plain  is  another  gallery,  like  the 
foriiHT,  ill  every  particular  ;  and  beyond  it 
a  third,  like  the  other  two,  wicli  this  dit- 
lerence,  that  tiie  columns  or  pilulcrs,  on 
which  it  reds,  arc  luinan  tij^urcs,  to  ill 
carved,  that  it  is  a  hard  matter  lo  diitm- 
giiilh  whethv-r  they  arc  the  tigures  ot  nun 
or  bruies  •,  and  yet  the  natives  divide  tlijiii 
into  tblditrs,  m  Tchants,  and  iuiaters  of 
wild  b'.Mlts :  and  iindjr  a  white  cari)Jt  or 
flicet  are  eleven  nun's  heails,  call  in  copper, 
biit  of  a  very  odd  fort  of  work,  on  c.icli 
ol  wiiich  heads  llands  an  elephant's  tooth, 
whicii  are  tiie  king's  idols. 

Beyond  this  gallery,  is  another  large  plain 
wiiii  a  lourtii  gallery  at  the  end  ot  it,  and 
byondthat  again,  tlie  king'sdweiling-houfe, 
adorned  with  a  turret,  and  a  copper  call 
fnake  as  on  the  firll  wall. 
Mw-  '1 1^"-'  '*'  '^  room  in  tiie  king's  houfe  at  the 
limtir.  fntrance  unto  the  plain  or  court,  is  the  au- 
dience-chamber, where  llrangers are  admit- 
ted to  his  pretence,  he  having  tiien  always 
by  1dm  the  three  jrcatell  olHcers  of  his 
court,  of  whom  more  fliall  be  laid  here- 
idler.  There  that  prince  comnionly  fits  on 
;iii  ivory  couch,  under  a  filk  canopy,  ijii. 
and  on  liis  lelt  hand,  agaiiill  a  fine  tapillry, 
are  fivcii  white  Icoured  cL-])!iant's  teeth,  on 
judcll  lis  of  ivory,  which  is  the  way  tiiey 
liave  there  to  i)lace  all  the  king's  gods  or 
idols  ill  the  palace. 
,.,;,,  'l"he  king  has  pretty  large  ftablcs  there 
for  iii~.  hort'es,  which  are  tinall,  and  not  very 
hiiivl.ome,  the  land  atfording  no  better  •, 
but  hj  lias  a  great  inmber  of  th.-m. 

The  inhabitants  of  this  large  town  mud 
he  all  natives  of  the  country,  for  no  fo- 
reigners are  allow'd  to  tettle  there. 

I'he  lii-iiin  Blacks  not  being  very  labo- 
rious, and  many  ot  thofe  that  arc  wealthy 
living  near  the  court  •,  there  are  abundance 
of  families  of  that  fort  of  gentry  in  0:Jo, 
attendingcontinually  in  the  palace,  without 
any  profelTion  ;  leaving  all  their  concerns, 
,i.;-,»«i  titlier  in  trade  or  hulbandry,  to  their  wives 
timn.  and  flives,  who  are  continually  at  all  the 
fairs  and  markets  in  the  country  round  about, 
to  carry  on  their  hufbands  and  mailers  bu- 
fincls  i  or  cllij  ferve  there  for  wages,  the  bell 
part  whercot  they  mutt  very  carefully  pay 
to  their  luilbaadsi  or  mailers :  whicit  makes 


the  women  there  as  much  (laves  as  they  are  Bariiot. 
in  anv  other  pare  of  the  kingdom  of  Be /tin  ;  *<''V^*' 
for,  Defidcs  their  taflc  of  driving  their  huf- 
bands traffick,  and  tilling  their  ground,  they 
mull  alio  look  alter  their  houfe-keeping  and 
children,  and  drelii  provifions  every  day  for 
their  family.  Bat  the  female  fex  is  there  in 
a  moll  peculiar  way  lo  brifk,  Jolly,  and 
withal  fo  laborious,  chat  they  difpatch  it 
all  very  well,  and  with  a  fecming  pleafurc 
and  fatistadion. 

'I'he  inhabitants  ot  this  great  city  are  lor  Utnntiu 
the  generality  very  civil  and  good-natured?'"/'''- 
people,  eafy  to  be  dealt  widi,  condefcending 
to  what  Europcaiii  reijuire  of  them  in  a  civil 
way,  and  vi-ry  ready  to  return  lioublc  the 
preleius  we  make  them  ;  nay,  their  gene- 
rous temper  gojs  lo  tar,  that  ih  7  feldoin 
will  deny  us  any  thing  we  afk  of  them,  tho' 
they  haveo^calion  for  it  the  ink  Ives:  wliere- 
as,  on  the  contrary,  it  treated  with  haughij- 
nefs  and  rudely,  they  .ire  .is  Hid"  aii.l  high, 
and  will   not  yi-ld  uoon  any  account. 

'I'liey  are  very  iiiceaiid  exiLt  in  all  their 
behaviour  and  deportment,  .ic.ordiiig  to 
their  ancient  lulloms  and  will  nor  luTcr 
them  to  be  abolilli'd  ;  and  to  co.nply  with 
them  in  this  |)ariiLiil,ir,  is  ,1  line  w.iy  to 
gain  their  frieiidlhip,  and  be  ufed  by  th^m 
with  all  poflible  civility  -,  being  fo  liberal 
as  to  give  Europe.im  prodigious  quantities  of 
relrefhments,  and  more  than  we  really  want; 
nay,  fome  give  beyonil  their  ability,  to  gain 
a  good  reputation  among  Uv  They  are  no 
lels  (ludious  to  be  generous  in  their  mutual 
prct'ents  to  one  another. 

They  are  very  teilious  in  their  dealings, 
infomuch,  that  fometiines  it  is  the  work  of 
eight  or  ten  days,  to  bring  them  to  '.',;rike 
a  bargain  tor  a  parcel  of  elephant's  teeth  ; 
but  becaufe  they  behave  themfelves  very  ci- 
villy all  that  Willie,  it  is  almolt  inipoiTi ole  to 
be  angry  at  them. 

This  mention  of  their  way  of  cr.uling  with. 
Europeans,  iniluees  me  to  uter  many  other 
oblervalions  concerning  them,  to  aiuther 
place,  and  to  purlue  ihedikourfe  of  trade, 
which  is  thechicf  fubjcdof  tliis  delcription 
of  Guinea. 

Trade  c/  Benin. 
"T"  M  n.  R  E  arc  four  principal  places  where 
•'•  tiie  Eutojhans  trade  1  anil  to  which,  for 
that  reafoii,  the  neighbouring  inhabitants 
refort,  as  loon  as  any  of  our  vefTeU  coiiij 
to  an  anchor  ;  viz.  Bo:d:d-je,Arebo  or  A  buii, 
AgiiU'in  or  GoiioH,  and  Metborg. 

Boededoe  !■•  aviU.igeot  aboucfifiy  lio.ifes  Bjcdcdoc, 
or  cottages,    builc    only    with  rulhes  and/'/*  fUc 
leaves,    governed   by   a  imgiftrate,    there"/ "■"''• 
c.\\\td  l^eador,  n  Portugutj?v/ori.\,  iignifying 
an  ovcrleer  v  with  tome  other  of  the  king's 
officers,  who  in  his  name  extend  their  )uril- 
didign  over  the  whole  country  round  about, 

iii 


f  m 


Mjwm. 


,1V 


360 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  IV. 


..I!: 


ii-: ' , : : . 


lii^^^:^' 


ill- 

illPl 


Barbot  in  civil  affairs,  and   receiving    the   king's 
^•^"V^^ duties  and  taxes;    for  as  to  criminal  cafes 
of  great  moment,  they  fend  to  court,  and 
wait  for  new  inftrudtions  and  authority  to 
decide  tiiem. 
Arcbo./f-     Arebo,  or  Arbon,  is  farther  up  the  river 
W;./4f»  of  }jf„;„^  and  a  fine  long  town,  pretty  well 
built  and  inhabited  i  the  houfes  much  larger 
than  at  Boededoe,    tho*  contriv'd   after  the 
fame  manner.    The  town  is  governed  by  a 
viceroy,  who  commands  over  all  the  adja- 
cent I  ountry,  alTifted  by  feven  other  great 
officers,  as  at  Boeikdoe,  who  are  called  Vea- 


Kf  trade. 


there  for  themfelves  and  attendants  to  lodge 
in,  and  the  houfe-keepers  muft  maintain 
and  fubfilt  them  all  the  time  they  ftay  there  ; 
and  if  any  Oiould  repine  at  it,  they  will 
certainly  be  puniflied  for  it,  and  the  yeadors 
may  turn  them  out  of  their  own  houfes. 

The  Yeadors  *us  fettled,  atthe  aforefaid*^""'« 
trading  towns,  firft  give  a  welcome  vifit  to  '^''''' 
the  Europeans,  newly  arrived,  being  com- 
monly drcfled  to  the  greateft  advantage, 
according  to  the  country  falhion  ;  and  com- 
pliment them  in  the  name  of  the  king,  the 
queen,  and  the  great  Vcador,  kneeling  down. 


ihrs,  or  overfecrs.     The  Unglijh  and  Hutch    and  at  the  fame  time  tender  their  prefents, 


have  both  lodges  or  faftories  there,  and  each 
of  them  a  t'.idor  of  the  nation,  call'd  Mtr- 
cador  or  Vcador,  that  is,  merchant  or  ovcr- 
feer,  in  Portngucfe,  being  a  fort  of  brokers. 
(.otron,        Gctloii  or  Jgiiiton  is  a  very  large  town,  of 
/W>-^;/.i«  which,  as  wl'I!  as  of  Arebo,  I  have  already 
'fimJe.    fpoken  in  another  place.     It  (lands on  a  fm. ill 
hill  over  the  river,  juft  joining  to  the  conti- 
nent, and  is  a  very  large  place 
pk-al.mt    and    healthful     than 
the   country    ail   about  it    being    full    ot 
all  forts  of  fruit-trees,    and   well  furnilhed 
withfcvcral  little  vill.igcs,  whofe  inhabitants 
go  thitiier  to  the  ni.irkets,    which  arc  held 
at  Gottoii,  for  five  days  fuccelTively.     This 
town,  as  I  have  laid,  is  a  day's  journey  from 
Great  B^iun,  or  Oedo,  the  metropolis,  .ind 
governed  by  five  Feadon  or  overfeers. 

There  is  aifo  a  village  called  Meihorg, 
probably  from  a  Dutchm:m,  who  has  re- 
fided  there  as  fidlor  for  his  comjiany -,  and 
is  a  pretty  confiderable  firtory. 

At  all  thefe  places,  tiie  merchants  and 
brokers,  called,  as  I  have  oblerved,  Merca- 
d',ri  and  Veadon,  are  appointed  by  the  go- 
vernment of  Bcriii  to  deal  with  the  Euro- 
f  C.I  Its,  that  relbrt  thither  to  traffick,  by 
re.ifon  they  can  fpeak  a  fort  of  broken 
Lii:gi(a-l-'ranca,  and  are  the  very  Icum  ot  the 
people  of  the  country ;  .ind  yet,  before  we 
can  come  to  the  bufinefs  of  trade,  we  mud 
go  thro' many  formalities;  and  no  vcffel  Is 
allowed  to  go  fo  far  up  the  river  as  /Igat- 


Meiborg, 
fourth 
fUct  of 
trade. 

King's 
hrokeri. 


which  are  commonly  things  of  fmall  value  : 
the  reft  of  that  day  is  fpent  in  feafting 
and  dancing. 

At  another  vifit  they  examine  all  they„^,, 
European  goods  in  the  taftory  or  lodge,  '\Uhiu,. 
they    are    already    brought   adiore ;     and 
agree  for  the  king's  cuftoms,  and  their  own 
lees  as  brokers,  the  latter  whereof  are  very 
much  more    iiuonfiderable.    And  the  whole  charges  put 
tlie  others,    together  for  every  fnip  that  comes  to  trade 
there,  that  is,   for  the  king's  cuftoms,  tlie 
great  lords,    the  governors  of  towns  and 
places  of  trade,    and  thefe  Menadors  and 
Veadon  fees,    or  any   other  petty  charges 
and  duties  accruing  hereby  to  any  other  per- 
fons  whatever,   feldom  exceeds  fix  pounds 
fterling,  or  twenty  five  crowns. 

Next  they  dx.  arid  adj-.ift  the  price  of/.,;,,,,,, 
European  goods,  which  is  commonly  the«»i»M.. 
fame  that  was  fet  on  the  laft  £«ro/)fa«  vef 
fel  that  was  there.  But  if  there  be  any  new 
forts  of  goods,  they  will  fpend  a  whole 
month  in  confidering  and  debating  on  the 
price  of  them,  and  behave  themfelves,  du- 
ring all  that  time,  to  excufe  their  flownefs, 
as  I  have  hinted  before  -,  fo  that  no  man  cm 
well  fall  out  with  tiiem  on  that  account,  they 
oeing  extraordinary  civil  and  courteous. 

When  that  is  done,  the  commerce  is  open  CnMt 
and  free  for   the  Europeans:    but  it  often'"'''*'- 
h.ippens,  and  is  a  very  great  hardlhip  on 
us,  that  we  are  obliged  to  uuft  thole  men 


with  goods,  till  they  make  cloths  for  pay- 
loM,  without  a  fpecial  order  from  the  king  ment,  for  whicii  we  muft  ftay  a  long  time  ; 
of  Benin  ;  which  he  ufually  grants,  as  foon  and  fometimes  fo  long,  that  the  feafon  being 
as  the  European  fadlor  or  fupercargo  has  almoft  fpent,  provifions  confumed,  and  the 
fent  notice  to  court  of  his  arrival  in  crew  cither  h.ilf  dead,  or  very  fickly,  we 
the  river  below.  And  then  the  king  orders  are  ouliged  to  depart  without  the  payment 
two  of  his  own  Veadors,  with  twenty  or  for  the  goods  fo  advanced  upon  cretiit: 
more  of  thefe  brokers,  whom  they  alfo  but  if  we  return,  they  never  fail  to  pay  the  W''"'- 
call  Velhos,  or  old  men  ;  who  go  down  all    whole  with    abundance    of  civility.     For"^' 

tliofe  people,  above  .dl  other  Guineans,  are 
very  honeft  and  juft  in  their  dealings  1  and 
have  fuch  an  averfion  for  theft  and  robbery, 
that  by  the  law  of  the  country,  the  leall 
ad  of  th.u  fort,  tho'  a  trifie,  efpecially  if 
ftolen  from  us  Europeans,  is  punifhed  with 
death. 

None  but  the  Veadors  or  brokers  cm  deal 
with  us,   and  even  the  greateft  perlon  of 

the 


together  to  .gafim,  having  the  privilege  to 
take  every  where  on  the  road,  what  car- 
riages, horles,  fiaves,  iiff.  they  think  con- 
venient for  performing  their  journey  ;  and 
no  Uihjed  dares  refufe  them,  or  if  he 
IhoukI,  would  be  feverely  punifticdfor  it. 

Thole  men  being  come  to  Aga/lon,  or 
any  of  the  other  trading  places  before  men- 
tioned, they  pitch  on  the  moft  proper  houlcs 


B^ 


I  fa; 


EfidJ 

ces.r 
kurope\ 
ted  puLi 
Ins  kin/ 
gether,] 
have  oj 
from 
:•/,/  cent  col 
•"'■  dicors,  r 
['lovifiol 
kies  and! 

Votl 


ioOKlV. 

to  lodge 

maintain 

ly  there  •, 

hey  will 

c  Veadon 

loufes. 

:  aforcfaid'^""'« 

.  -         vm 

ne  vuK  to  ' 
2ing  com- 
dvancage, 
and  corn- 
king,  the 
ingdown, 
r  prefents, 
lail  value  : 
in  fealVmg 

ne  all  they„,i; 
r  lodge,  if  (/kiwi. 
lore  -,     and 
d  their  own 
of  are  very 
charges  put 
lies  to  trade 
Liftoms,  the 
towns  and 
nadors  and 
;tty  charges 
ly  other  per- 
5  fix  pounds 

the  price  ofprim}: 
nimonly  thtmita.. 
luropean  vef- 
be  any  new 
;nd   a  whole 
atmg  on  the 
jnifelves,  du- 
leir  flownefs, 
|t  no  man  c>'n 
Lccount,  they 
•ourteous. 
[nerce  isopencrrJit 
'but  it  otten"^""" 
Ihardlhip  on 
|[t  thole  men 
>ths  for  pay - 
a  long  time  i 
feafon  being 
ned,  and  the 
fy  fickly,  we 
the  payment 
ipon  cralit: 
i  to  paythc7"J^J"- 
ivility^    For"^' 
luineatii,  are 
lealingsi  and 
and  robbery, 
[ry,    the  leall 
efpaially   if 
luniihed  with 

likers  cindeal 

d\  perlon  of 

the 


Chap.?.  C'o^y?/ <?/ South-Guinea. 


3<Ji 


the  nation  dart  not  enter  the  F.wopeaii 
factories  or  lodges,  under  levere  fines:  as 
in  like  manner  the  riailon  and  brokers, 
are  forbid  under  heavy  mulfts,  or  bodily 
punidiment,  to  interineddle  in  any  manner 
of  alfliirs  relating  to  war. 

Here  follows  an  exadt  catalogue  of  £«- 
ropi^ttn  goods,  commonly  imported  byway 
of  trade  to  Benin,  and  of  the  goods  we 
export  from  thence  in  exchange. 

Goods  Imported  and  Exported. 
'yO  begin  with  the  latter;  Cotton  cloths. 
■*•  like  thofc  ofi^M /,(7^a;,  before  mentio- 
ned,women  flaves,  for  men  Haves  (tiio'  tliey 
be  all  foreigners,  for  none  of  tlie  natives  can 
be  fold  as  fuch)  are  not  allowcil  to  be  expor- 
ted, butmuft  ftay  there.  Jafper-ffones,  a  few 
tvger's  or  Icopanl's-fkins  ;  /Iccory,  or  blue 
linw/coial,  asi\t/Jrdra\  elephant's-teeth  •,  feme 
niemcnto,  or  pepper.  Ti\e  blue  coral 
crows  ;n  branchy  bullies,  like  the  red  co- 
rd, at  the  bottom  of  the  river  and  lakes 
in  Renin;  which  the  natives  lave  a  pccu- 
li.ir  art  to  grind  or  work  into  beads  like 
olives ;  and  is  a  very  profitable  merchan- 
dize at  the  ColJ-Coiiil,  .is  has  been  obfer- 
ved. 

The  Benin  cloths  arc  of  four  bands,  llriped 
blue  and  white,  an  ell  and  a  half  long,  only 
iiroper  for  the  trade  at  S,i'ioi(  river,  and 
il /tnj^ola,  and  called  by  ih^:  Bituks  Moti- 
[smqict,  and  the  blue  narrow  cloths  .Imha- 
f:i  i  the  latter  much  inferior  to  the  former 
every  way,  and  both  forts  made  in  the  in- 
land country. 

The  Eiirnjean  goods  are  thefe  ;  cloth  of 
gold  and  filver,  fcarlet  am!  red  cloth  ■,  all 
forts  of  calicoes  and  fine  linm  ;  Ilaeilein 
Ihiffs,  witii  large  flowers  and  well  ftarch'd  ; 
iron-bars,  ftrong  fpirits,  rum  and  brandy  ; 
beads,  cr  bugles  of  feveral  colours  ;  red 
velvet,  a  good  quantity  of  Boejirs,  or  Ciii'- 
ris,  as  much  as  for  the  ^Irdiii  trade,  being 
the  money  of  the  natives  as  well  as  there. 
I'alfe  pearls  -,  Duteh  cans,  witi\  red  llreaks 
at  one  end; bright  brafs  large  rings,  from  live 
10  five  ouncesand  a  half  weight  eacli  -,  ear-rings 
of  red  glalsorcryftal ;  gilt  looking-gl.ilVes, 
erylbil,  Ue. 

Markets. 
jlifides  the  above-mentioned  trading  pla- 
ces, which  are  properly  for  dealing  with 
hjiropeans,  the  king  of  Benin  has  appoin- 
ted publick  markets  in  many  provinces  of 
iiis  kingdom,  for  the  fubjeilts  to  trade  to- 
gether, ev'ery  three  days  in  tiie  week  :  they 
have  one  at  Gallon,    to  which  they  bring 
from   Oedo,    Arebo,     and  other  circumja- 
Ictiivij  cent  countries,   abundance  of  5f«/>»  cloths, 
\'t.mtiu.  ficcor\,    and   feveral  forts  of  eatables  and 
[)rovifions,  living  dogs,  roafled  ap.'S,  mon- 
kies  and  rats ;    parrots,    chickens,     yams, 
nialaguetia  in  ftalks,  dried  lizzards,  palm- 
VOL.    V. 


B^ 


oil,  wood  for  fewel,  calabaflies,  wooden  Bar  nor. 
bowls,  troughs,  and  platters  -,  abundance  '-^"^T*^ 
of  cotton-yarn,  all  forts  of  fifliing-tackle, 
and  inrtruments  for  hulbandry  -,  as  alfo 
carpenters  tools,  with  all  other  forts  of 
weapons,  as  cutlaces,  javelins,  bucklers,  anJ 
women-flaves :  with  all  the  various  fpecies 
of  European  goods,  ufually  imported 
into  this  country,  bought  of  the  mites  at 
Areho,  by  the  ^eadors  and  brokers ;  and 
Koffo  cloths,  which  are  conmionly  ex- 
changed lor  Benin  cloths,  by  the  natives. 
Koffo  is  a  village,  a  day's  journey  eaft  of 
Oedo,  or  Benin,  not  at  all  frequented  by 
Europeans. 

I'hey  have  alfo  at  certain  times  of  the 
year,  publick  markets  or  fairs  appointed, 
and  kept  in  large  open  plains,  betwixt  0^- 
do  and  AgiUlon,  near  the  high-way  -,  to 
wiiich  a  great  number  of  people  relbrt  from 
all  the  neighbouriiiji,  pl.ues,  to  buy  and 
fell  goods:  and  as  it  is  .i  ciillom  there,  for 
the  king  to  fend  his  jircpcr  oilicers  to  the 
laid  markets  to  keep  tlic  jxace  and  good  Regularity 
order  amongtl  the  people  tliat  come  to  it,  of  them. 
appointing  every  merchant  a  proper  place, 
according  to  the  nature  of  the  goods  he  deals 
in,  f  c.  lor  that  reafon,  during  the  mar- 
ket-time, the  ordinary  jiiUices  of  the  place 
have  no  manner  of  authority  -,  but  it  is 
veiled  for  that  time  only  in  the  court- 
ofScers. 

The  Benin  Blacks,  as  I  have  hinted  be- 
fore, are  fecnjingly  very  courteous  and  civil, 
and  on  all  occafions  very  ready  to  ferve  one 
another  in  point  of  trade  i  yet  .ue  they  very 
millrudful,  and  careful  not  to  dilcover 
their  afl\iirs,  tearing  if  known  to  be  weal- 
thy and  rich,  fomc  ciiminal  imputation 
would  be  Liid  on  them,  by  unjull  infor- 
mers of  the  high  rank,  in  order  to  fleece 
them.  Some  men  in  authority  here,  as  well 
as  in  other  countries,  make  no  Itruple  to 
opprel's  their  poor  fellow-fLibjefts,  under 
one  pretence  or  other,  though  never  lb  un- 
juflly,  provided  they  can  fill  their  pockets. 
And  therelore,  abund.uice  of  the  natives  of 
Be'iin,  pretend  to  be  poorer  than  they  re- 
ally are,  the  better  to  efcape  the  rapacious 
hands  of  their  fuperiors  ;  and  thence  chiefly 
it  is,  that  they  profei's  fo  much  civility  and 
regard  to  each  other,  to  gain  their  mutual 
good-will,  and  avoid  being  inform'il  againlt. 

Europeans  are  fo  much  honoured  and  re-  ^^^  ^^ 
fpeded  at  Benin,  that  the  natives  give  them^«,j,oEu. 
the  emphatick  name  or  title  of  Owwi/ij,  rofcin?. 
in  their  dialed,  which   ngnifies  children  of 
God  :  and  in  dilicourfing  with  us  in  perfon, 
they  often  tell  us  in  broken  Poriiiguej'e,  P'os 
fa  bios,    or,  you  are  Gods.     It  is  a  great 
misfortune,    that  the  malignity  of  the  air 
is  there  fo  fatal  to  Enrvpenns,  as  has  been 
obferv'd :    for  there  is  no  nation  through- 
out all  Guinea,  fo  genteel,cointcous  and  ealy 

Z  Z  Z  7.  to 


i-.1  ■• 


til'"    k'    •.-■'  ■  .' 


M 


3^2 


y4  Defcr'tption  of  the 


Book  IV. 


BarpotIco  be  ikak  witli  in  point  of  tr.iffick,  ex- 
'^'VV  ci'pting  their  tirclbmc  irrcfoiutions,  and 
tli.ic  tlicy  Icidom  allow  us  the  liberty  of 
travelling  to  their  ciiief  towns  without  lome 
guards,  untler  pretence  ot'  civility  ;  but  in 
reality,  as  if  they  lutpeded  ftrangcrs  would 
fpy  the  country,  and  betray  them,  eipe- 
cially  at  Ot\!o,  their  mctroi)ol is.  Which  how- 
ever thi'iJ/(.v/i  nation  obtain  cafily  enough, 
as  being  their  old  conftant  traders,  and 
moll  (ainiliars,  and  arc  in  great  favour  at 
court,  as  well  as  among  the  common 
people  :  but  the  Portti^ueje  they  don't  like 
fo  well. 


I  have  already  faid  fomething  of  the  em-^"/'*?- 
ployments  of  perfons  of  rank  and  dignity,"!""'^ 
and  that  there  are    alio  feveral   rich  men'^',"^ 
attending  continually  on  the  court  •,  I  muft 
add,  that  the  ordinary  citizens  fpend  whole 
days,    in   expectation   of   European  vcfllls 
coming  into   the  river,    and  repair  to  the 
pla^c  they  ufually  ride  at,  with  what  goods 
they   have.     If  no   fhijis    come,    in    fomc 
while,  they  fend  their  (laves  to  Rio  Lngos, 
or  other  places,  to  buy  fiOi  •,  of  which  they 
make  a  very  profitable  trade   in  the  inland 
countries:  and  the  handicrafts  keep  to  their 
work  in  the  towns,  (iff. 


CHAP.     VI. 

Ilahit  of  Benin.     Marriages  and  'Polygamy.    Circtmcijion.    Handicrafts. 
'Diet.    Funerals.    Inheritance. 


^/•i'  ratiti 
lire;  I 


T 


Tilt  nv- 
tntn'i. 


Habit  of  Benin. 
II E  men  in  B,!iii>i :irc  generally  hand- 
lonier  iliaii  the  women,  and  both  fcxcs 
tirels'd,  ,it  le.ift,  as  richly  as  the //'(■V.;/;.;'.'. 
Their  habit  is  neat  and  ornamental,  almoll 
to  magnificence,  efpecially  among  the  riclielt 
foi  t  of  people,  who  wear  firlt  a  while  ca- 
lico or  cotton  cloth,  about  a  yard  long, 
and  half  as  broad,  which  is  in  the  form  of 
ilrawers ;  and  over  it  a  finer  white  cotton, 
commonly  about  eighteen  or  twenty  yards 
long,  plaited  very  ingenioudy  in  the  mid- 
dle 1  and  upon  that  .again  a  fcarf,  about  a 
yard  long,  and  two  fpans  broad,  the  end  of 
It  adorned  with  fringe  or  lace, much  like  the 
women  at  tiie  Go'.ii-Coaj} :  the  upper  part  of 
their  body  is  ufually  naked.  In  this  habit 
they  appear  commonly  abroad  ;  but  at 
home,  they  wear  only  a  eoarfe  cloth  about 
their  waift,  anil  no  drawers,  cover'd  with 
a  great  painted  clotii  of  their  manufafture, 
inrtead  of  a  cloak.  The  drcfs  of  the  meaner 
people  is  much  the  fame,  a  eoarfe  cloth, 
and  one  painted,  not  by  any  exprefs  regu- 
lation of  the  government  i  for  every  one 
there  that  gets  gold  may  wear  it,  that  is, 
drefs  himfelf  as  rich  as  he  is  able.  They 
don't  curl  tlieir  hair,  but  let  it  grow  as  long 
as  it  will,  and  buckle  it  in  two  or  three 
places,  to  hang  a  large  Accor\  coral  in  it. 

Women  of  the  higheft  rank,  wear  fine 
cloths  of  tiieir  coimtry  make,  ingenioudy 
chequer'd  of  feveral  colours,  but  not  very 
long  and  buckled  together,  as  is  ufed  at  Ftda ; 
with  this  difference,  that  here  the  cloth  is  left 
open  behind  on  one  fide,and  clofe  before  :  for 
at  Fida  it  is  open  before.  The  upper  part 
of  the  body  is  covered  with  a  beautiful 
cloth,  a  yard  long  or  more,  inftead  of  a  veil, 
like  that  which  the  Gold-Coajt  women  wear. 

They  atlorn  their  necks  with  necklaces 
of  coral  agreeably  difpoled  ;  and  their  arms 
are  dreft  up  with   bright  copper  or  iron- 


rings,  calleil  by  the  Por/ugtiffi  name  Afa- 
iiiliiis  ;  as  are  alfo  the  legs  ot  iome  of  them  -, 
and  their  fingers  as  thick  crouded  with 
copper-rings,  as  they  can  polTibly  fet  tlicm 
on.  In  this  habit  they  look  pretty  tole- 
rable. TIkv  turn  up  their  hair  very  inge- 
nioufly,  into  great  Mi\  fmall  buckles,  ,iikj 
divide  it  on  the  crown  of  tiie  head  like 
a  coronet,  or  rather  a  cock's-comb  inver- 
ted ;  by  which  means,  the  fmall  curls  are 
placed  in  regular  order:  and  fome  have 
their  hair  ilivided  into  twenty  or  more 
plats  anil  curls,  according  as  it  is  thick  or 
thin.  Others  anoint  it  with  oil  extracle''. 
from  kernels  of  palm-nuts,  by  roalling 
them  on  the  coals,  whiih  makes  it  lole 
its  natural  black,  and  growing  old,  turns 
to  a  fort  of  yellow,  or  pale  green.  Some 
again,  paint  one  half  of  their  hair  red,  and 
the  other  black. 

The  meaner  fort  of  women  difier  from 
the  richer,  only  in  the  goodnefs  of  their 
clothes:  fome  wear  a  fort  of  l)lue  calico- 
frock  or  jacket,  which  hangs  down  almoll 
to  their  knees,  with  a  fmall  narrow  cloth 
over  their  breafts,  and  load  their  legs  and 
arms  with  bright  copper-rings,  I'heir  hairs 
and  heads  drcl's'd  like  the  others. 

The  boys  and  girls  go  nakeil;  the  for-ijrm:; 
mer  till  ten  or  eleven  years  of  age,  aiuU'''' 
the  latter  till  nature  liifcovers  its  maturity  ; 
and  arc  both  only  adorned  with  fome  firings 
of  /fccor^,  twilled  about  their  middle. 
When  come  to  thofe  ,  :ars,  they  are  per- 
mitted tocovcr  themfelves  with  fome  clothes, 
with  which  they  are  highly  pleafed,  becaufe 
they  are  then  expofed  to  publick  view,  being 
feated  on  a  fine  mat  or  white  fiieet,  and 
vifited  by  abundance  of  people,  who  come 
to  congratulate,  and  willi  them  joy. 

A  great  number  of  young  men  '.nd  wo- 
men, above  twenty  years  oki,  go  all  about 
the  towns    ilark-iiakeil,    with  only  a  red 

coral 


JooKlV,  I  Chap.  tf.  Coafts  o/South-Guinea. 


3<JJ 


the  em-^^fW- 

rich  mmnmjm. 
:  i  I  mud 
nJ  whole 
VI  vefllls 
ir  to  the 
lat  goods 
in    lomc 

hich  they 
the  inlind 
■p  to  their 


'dicrafts. 


ir,\mc  Ma- 
no  of  thcni ; 
ou(k(.l  wuh 
>ly  U't  tlu'in 
jircuy  tolc- 
ir  VLi-y  ii'sr- 
luckles,  .\ml 
e  held  hkc 
Lomb  invcr- 
all  curls  arc 
1   Ibmc  have 
ity   or   more 
t  is  thick  or 
oil  txtr.icle't 

by  rcirting 
bakes  it  lolc 
ig  old,    turns 

;rcen.     Some 

hair  red,  and 

ilifilr  from 
llnefs  of  their 

blue  calico- 
Idowii  almoll 
1  narrow  cloth 
Iheir  legs  and 
Their  hairs 

Led  1  the  for-  Hji!  tii 
If  age,    andi"''' 
1  its  maturity  ; 
\\  ibme  llrings 
Itheir   middle. 
Ithey  arc  per- 
\  fome  clothes, 
lafcd,  bccaufe 
Ik  view,  biing 
Itc  llieet,  and 
lie,  who  come 

Y  j"y-  , 

1  men  .nd  \vo- 

I,  go  all  about 

|h  only  a  reJ 

coral 


coral  or  jafper  collar-ring  at  their  neck,  and  if  they  chance  in  the  proftcution  ofBAmior. 
being  fiich  as  iiavc  not  yet  obtained  leave  their  trade  to  get  a  boy,  they  are,  ipfo  ^^^) 
of  the  king,  to  habit  themfelvts,  andcxpeft    fjilo.,  exempted  for  ever  from  the  tribute. 


,in  opprtunity  of  getting  either  a  wife  or 
Iiulband,  which  then  certainly  qualifies  them 
for  being  clothed  like  the  otlur  people;  and 
to  let  their  hair  grow  as  long  as  it  can,  for 
there  abundance  of  people  wear  their  hair 
as  long  as  cither  fcx  does  in  Europe.  And 
it  is  cuftomary,  it  a  man  marries  a  young 
woman,  and  is  not  able  to  buy  her  clothes, 
for  her  to  continue  to  go  niked  as  (lie  did 
before  ;  and  he  is  not  allowed  to  lie  with 
her,  till  he  can  get  clothes  tor  her,  which 
is  almoll:  inl.unous  among  tiiem. 
,■  ,i,,i  Here  is  alfo  another  law,  that  no  perfon 
whatever,  may  enter  the  king's  apartment 
in  his  clothes,  without  a  Ijiccial  licence 
fo  to  do  -,  otherwife  he  miift  Ibip  hiiiif.  If 
ihirk-nakeil,  thereby  to  approve  the  mori', 
that  he  is  the  kin|.!;'s  fl  iv^'  ;  i  qualilicaiion, 
whiih  every  iiuliviilual  IbliJetH,  of  what 
di'Hiity  foevcr,  boalls  ot :  tiio'  they  are  all, 
as  I  have  hinted  belbre,  Ucc  men  ;  and 
there  are  no  other  real  nialc-llaves  in  Benin, 
than  what  are  brought  tiom  tbreign  nations. 


F-"' 


Marui.aof.s  and  I'or.vcAMV. 
T7VERY  man  may  marry  as  many  wo- 


men as  he  can  maintain  ;  and  they  oblervc 
few  ceremonies  in  their  marriages,  which 
are  generally  thus.  The  man  having  maile 
his  addrcflcs  to  the  parents  of  the  young 
woman,  who  li;ldom  deny  the  demand, 
on  the  day  appointed,  the  bridegroom  dref- 
fcs  his  bride  as  richly  as  his  circumllances 
will  allow  him,  with  a  whole  luit  of  clothes, 
necklaces  and  bracelets ;  ami  then  treats 
the  relations  on  both  fides,  not  altogether 
at  his  own  houfe,  or  elfewherc,  but 
fends  each  of  them  to  their  own  habita- 
tion, part  of  the  viiftuals  and  drink  tiiat 
he  has  provideil  lor  that  Ibleninity  :  this 
done,  tile  marriage  is  concluded,  'i'hc  dil- 
ference  betwixt  the  wedding  of  great  and 
mean  perlbns  is  only,  that  the  former  '  "t 
more  fplendidly  than  the  latter. 

Women  are  commonly  married  at  twelve, 
thirteen  or  fourteen  years  of  age  i  and  as 
loon  as  provided  with  a  husband,  the  pa- 
rents think  no  more  of  them,  than  it  thiy 
were  out  of  the  world. 
'.rdni  Thote  whole  husbands  happen  to  die 
"•*•  without  leaving  ilfuc  by  them,  belong  to 
'"'■'''^  the  king,  who  difpofes  of  them  as  he  thinks 
tit  v  and  fuch  as  become  widows  before  the 
confummation  of  matrimony,  tall  to  the 
king's  fon,  who,  like  his  father,  can  marry 
them  again  as  he  pleafes ;  nd  if  they  are  very 
handlbine,  will  marry  them  himfclf.  Some 
othc.-  tuch  widows,  are  alio  allowed  by  the 
prince,  to  proltitutc  thcmfelves  as  publick 
whores,    paying  a    certain   tribute  to  the 


anil  allowed  to  follow  on  their  calling  un 
dirturbed,  as  long  as  they  pleafe :  but  if, 
inllead  of  a  boy,  the  harlot  has  a  girl,  the 
tax  continues,  and  the  girl  is  maintained  at 
the  kir  j's  c  harge,  who  is  afterwards  to  pro- 
vide a  husband  tor  her,  when  come  to  a  pro- 
per age. 

Thole  publick  proflitutes  are  alfo  by  law  ruMuk 
fubordinate  to    Ibme  aged  matrons,    whoM''"""- 
fliare  in  their  profits,  ,inil  into  whole  hanils 
they  are    to  pay  the  tax    laid   on  them, 
tor  them   to  repay  it  into  the   great  trea- 
fiirer's  hands,  tor  the  ul'e  of  the  king. 

It  is  haril  to  conceive  how  lalcivious  and 
w.intonly    thofe    common    harlots  behave 
tlieiiilelvc'i,  to  promote  their  trade  ;  and  not 
only  they,    but  gencral'y  fpeaking,  the  o- 
ther  womin  .ire  extremely  loofe  in  their  be- 
haviour, tho'  they  are  not  very  ready  to  give 
tlienilclve,-.  over  to  Ei/r.jpiuins.  f-'aring   the 
punitlimmt  the  laws  of  the  country  inflidl 
on  adulterous  women  :  but  the /)V..i,^i  there, 
are  not  fo  concerned  at  our  converfing  with 
their  wives,    as  they  arc    j.mIous   o!    them 
with  their  own  countrymen.     They  liavc  lo 
good  an  opinion  of  lUc  I'lijirs,  il'.ar  when  conrttf)  te 
we   give  them  a  vifit,  if  Ibme  unavoidable  Europe 
bufinefs   calls  them  away,    they  not  only""'" 
freely  leave  us  alone  with  their  wives,    but 
charge  tiiem  to  divert  us  well ;    whereas, 
no  B'ack  is  allowed    to    come    near   their 
ipartment,  a  cuftom  very  rigidly  obferved 


throughout  all  the  country  :  tor  when  a 
man  there  is  vifited  by  another,  his  wives 
immediately  retire  to  another  part  of  the 
houP',  lb  as  they  may  not  be  feen  ;  but 
if  the  vifitant  be  an  Eurole.ui,  they  thiy 
in  the  room,  knowing  it  is  the  husband's 
will,  and  contrive  all  the  ways  they  cm 
to  pleafe,  all  their  happinefs  depemling  on 
theni,  becaufe  the  men  .ire  ablblute  mailers 
of  their  wives. 

The  wives  ol  perlbns  of  great  rank  and 
diftinftion  are,  tor  the  molt  part,  Ihut  up 
very  dole,  to  obviate  all  occafionsof  tranf- 
gredion  ■,  but,  the  inferior  Ibrts  of  women 
go  every  where,  as  their  work  and  bulinefs 
calls  them,  ami  that  without  any  reflec- 
tion. 

If  a  woman  is  left  a  widow,  and  lusH'Ucwi. 
fome  male-itfue  by  her  decealed  husband, 
flie  can  never  marry  again,  without  the 
content  of  her  ton  :  or  if  lie  be  too  young, 
and  not  come  to  years  of  diferetion,  the  man 
who  offers  to  marry  her,  is  obliged  to  prc- 
fent  the  boy  with  a  woman-llave  to  wait 
on  him  -,  which,  afterwards,  may  alio  be  his 
concubine.  In  cal'e,  the  widow  bride  fliould 
commit  any  fault  that  is  punifliable,  either 
by  divorce  or  flavery,  the  husband  cannot 


king  in  Boejics,  the  money  of  the  country  :    difpofe  of  her,  according  to   the  arbitrary 

pre- 


'i^r' 


m 


,<v,i;; 


;?   ,1 


''lii'i'P 


1  *'  itVa 


3<^4 


A  Description  of  the 


Book  IV. 


;■;. !», 


it!i! 


n.Muirvr  prerog.uivc  of  liusbands  over  ihcir  wives, 
^•^'V^  without  the  king's  tonfcnt  tirll  li.u!,  ami 
next  lur  Ion's  ■,  ami  il  we  may  trcdit  wiiat 
the  liljcki  i\y  of  thi-  authority  I'ucli  a  fon 
there  li.is  over  his  widow  mother,  he  can 
even  make  her  a  ll'.ve. 

No  J{i,!:k  there  is  to  lie  with  iny  of  his 
wives  that  is  brought  to lieil,  till  tiiethikl 
lie  twelve  or  liheen  montlisold,  cr  ean  walk 
of  itfelf  1  hut  confulering  tiie  great  number 
ot  wives  thev  ni.nntain,  they  may  eafily 
comply  exaiflly  wiih  this  eullom. 

Tlie  I Ichi-iZi-.i  ahdainecl  from  thiir  wives, 
not  onlv  wliilll:  they  were  witli  ciiild,  anil 
IiacI  other  iiulifpofitions  of  women,  but  alii) 
all  the  \\m:  they  fu.  kled,  and  niuMed  their 
ehildivn  •,  wliich  comiiKinly  Killed  three 
years;  and  we  ilo  not  tind  that  the  women 
were  exeu fed  from  nurfing  their  own  ihil- 
drcn  -,  anti  after  being  delivered  ot'  a  male 
child,  they  were  by  tlv  law,  I.cvit.  xii.  to 
keep  thirty  days  of  purification  i  anvl  for  a 
girl,  two  weeks  more. 

MenllriKuis  women  are  reckoned  fo  un- 
clean, that  tiiey  are  not  permitted  fo  much 
as  to  enter  their  hulbands  iioiiles,  to  touch 
any  thing,  drelsdiet,  cle.ui  the  houfe,  wliieh 
is  I  lie  t.ilk  ol  all  women  there,  nor  even  to 
look  into,  much  Ids  enter  other  men's  houfcs  : 
hut  during  their  uncleannels,  muft  refule  in 
a  hparate  houfe  ;  and  when  it  is  over,  they 
walh  themlelves,  and  are  reftoreil  to  their 
lornieremplovmentsintheirhulbantls  houfe. 
'I'he  / /•rti'/.7('.(,  by  the  /.rivV/ai/law,  were 
tbrbiii,  not  only  menflruous  women,  hut  any 
thing  that  fuch  a  woman  hail  touched,  Laii. 
x\.  i9,to2S'.  and  thofe  women  kejit  re 'red 
in  a  leparate  room  or  place  for  a  fortniglu 

Thofe  people  in  general  are  extremely 
proliliek,  the  women  being  very  tniitful, 
,ind  the  men  lufly  and  vigorous,  ami  each 
li.iving  a  great  number  of  wives.  They  va- 
lue a  fruittiil  woman  very  much,  .md  a 
barren  one  is  as  much  delpifed. 
cinUren.  The  woman  that  is  big  with  child,  is  not 
.d lowed  even  her  own  hufliand's  carefTes, 
till  Ihe  is  delivered  :  and  when  brought  to 
beil  of  a  male  child,  it  is  prefented  to  the 
kins,  as  of  right  bebnging  to  him  -,  and 
thereiore  all  the  males  of  the  country  are 
called  the  king's  llaves,  as  has  been  obfervcd. 
(f  Ihe  is  deliver'd  of  a  girl,  it  is  accounted 
to  belong  properly  to  her  father,  who  keeps 
and  maintains  her  till  fhe  be  capable  of  ma- 
trimony, and  then  marries  her  when  and 
to  whom  he  tliinks  proper. 
kUJtH  mJ  '^"'^'^  (^•y.':'^  are  laid  to  be  lafcivjous,  and 
foMtty.  it  is  afcribed  to  .he  panion-wine  they  drink, 
and  good  eating,  which  together  invigo- 
rate nature :  however,  they  are  feldom  or 
never  heard  to  talk  obfcenely,  as  believing 
things  of  that  nature  are  defign'd  for  ob- 
fcure  privacy,  and  very  improper  to  be 
talked  of-,  or  if  any  do,  it  is  by  circumlo- 


cutions, and  mod  diverting  f.ibles  and  alle- 
gories, tending  that  way  •,  and  he  that  can 
cleanly  cxprefs  hiinfclf  in  that  manner 
pafles  for  a  wit.  Wherein  they  are  more 
polite  than  the  people  ,it  the  .'^(<,iy«rt  pnd 
Gold  C.oajl  ;  where  the  Blacki  generally  di- 
red  all  their  ilifeourfes  to  kwdnefs,  and 
that  in  the  moll  broad  and  obfcene  wordv. 
and  even  gellures  ;  nor  arc  the  licnin  Blacks 
fo  much  addiifted  to  drink  to  excels,  as 
thofe  at  the  Cold  Coajh 

If  we  n'lay  credit  the  natives,  their  king 
has  above  filteen  hundied  wi/es,  as  by  right 
inheriting  all  the  wives  ot  his  predeccltor, 
and  thofe  of  m.uiy  private  jierfons. 

It  fcems  probable,  from  the  words  of  the 
prophet  Nittban  to  king  D.i.i.l,  i  Sum.  xii.  8. 
jIiiJ  I  gave  thee  th\  tnajhr'i  bouJc:,aihl  lbs  viaf- 
t:r'i  wii'i-s  i)ito  lbs  bvfom,  &c.  that  this  ciilloni 
was  eflablillied  .imong  the  ealleni  kings  ; 
after  whit  h  model,  it  is  app.irent  enough, 
\\'m\lSaiil,  predecelVor  toDrtfii',  had  lorni'd 
his  court  and  family,  ot  all  which  DavJ 
had  taken  polfeiriun  alter  his  untimely  ileath, 
and  by  the  toler.ition  of  polygamy,  in  thofe 
il.iys  among  i\vilji\i.  ii!,s:  howcvt  r,  interpre- 
ters exclude  the  mother  of. V/;V(;/,one  iASiiiu\ 
wives  ■,  with  whom  they  fuppolc.'  ])iivi,lcou\il 
not  co-habit,  Miiiil  .\-ing  his  firlt  wife. 

Thofe  women  with  whom  the  king  has 
co-habited,  can  nevei  marry  again  after 
his  death  •,  but  are  then  fliut  up  in  a  kind 
of  Sern^^lio,  and  there  kept  and  waited  on  by 
eunuchs :  and  if  any  of  them  Jliould  be  found 
to  have  to  do  with  a  man,  flie  IlilTers  death 
without  any  rcmiffior ,  as  docs  the  adul- 
terer, tho'  of  never  fo  great  quality 

In  all  parts  of  Bl'iii>i,  except  at  Arekn, 
ihey  honour  women  who  have  two  children 
at  a  birth,  and  look  ujion  it  as  a  good  pic- 
fage,  and  the  king  is  immediately  inforin'J 
of  it,  who  caufes  puhlick  rejoicings  to  be 
r.iade,  with  .dl  Ions  of  mufick  ;  and  if  the 
Woman  fo  ilelivered  of  twins  is  not  capable 
of  fuckling  both  th;  b.ibes,  her  hulband 
provides  a  wet  nurfe,  whole  child  is  de.id, 
for  one  of  them.  But  at  .//vZ'o;/,  by  a  mu- 
nicipal law,  they  treat  the  twin-bearing  wo- ^'''""»*' 
man  barbar  lully,  and  kill  both  the  morlicr'"*'' 
and  infant j>  immediately,  as  a  faerifice  to 
a  certain  d^mon,  which  they  firmly  believe 
to  be  h.vering  continually  in  a  wood  near 
Arebon  ;  unlels  the  hufband  be  fo  fond  of  iier 
as  to  buy  her  olF,  by  facrificing  a  woman- 
n.ive  in  her  place,  and  it  is  but  very  feldom 
that  any  man  fails  of  doing  fo.  But  as  for 
the  innocent  twins,  they  are  to  die  without 
redemption  ;  and  muft  be  oft'ereil  up  in  ficri- 
fice,  by  an  irrevocable  and  lavage  law : 
which  barbarous  cuftom  is  very  grievous  to 
the  tender  mothers  of  fuch  miferable  viftiins. 

This  lavage  law  is  of  fuch  force  at  Archon, 
that  there  have  been  ex.imples  of  a  piieil, 
whofe  wife  being  io  delivered  of  two  ihil- 

drcn 


Chap.  ^• 


Coajis  of  South-Guinea. 


?«? 


dren  at  a  birth,  and  llie  redeemed  by  the 
offering  ot  a  (l.ivc,  according  to  cullom, 
the  poor  pricll  was  obliged  with  his  own 
hands  to  I'atrificc  his  own  twin-intants,  as 
indilpfnliibly  bound  to  it  by  his  prielUiood. 
And  thus,  as  the  PfJmijt  lays  of  pagans, 
Pf>l.  cvi.  37,  38. 

'To  fends  their  fins  mid  daughters  they. 
Did  offer  up  niuljUy : 

Ti:i,  with  uniciiidly  murtberiiig  knife. 
The  gutlllefs  blood  they  ffiil. 

Yea,  ibeir  oxen  Jons  and  daughters  blood 
li'irbout  al!  caufe  of  giiili. 
However,  this  favagc  cullom  lias  in  proccfs 
ot  timi;  niatlf  fuch  impnfiions  (in  marrictl 
nicn,  that  when  tiic  time  of  their  wives 
delivery  draws  near,  they  lend  them  to 
another  country,  tearing  a  twin-birth:  and 
licrha[)s  by  liegrees  tiuy  may  abolillilucii 
an  inhuman  law,  louiuled  on  this  extrava- 
gant notion,  liiat  it  iiimpoflible  for  a  man 
to  get  a  woman  with  child  of  two  eiiildrcn 
at  a  time,  and  therefore  look  upon  it  asa  pro- 
digy, or  moiillrous;  and  that  they  ought 
to  be  made  away  prefently,  to  atone  their 
gods,  who  oiherwile  would  certainly  plague 
the  '.vhole  land  with  lome  terrible  calamities. 

The  wooil  near  Jrcboiiy  where  the  Blads 
fondly  believe  the  demon  lies  lurking,  is  fo 
venerable  and  I'acrcd  to  the  inhabitants  of 
that  diflrift,  that  they  never  permit  any 
foreign  men  or  women  to  enter  it. 

If  any  native  unawares  happens  on  a  path 
which  leads  to  this  wood,  he  is  obliged  to 
go  to  the  end  of  it  before  he  turns  back  ; 
and  they  are  firmly  prepofienid,  that  if 
the  law  concerning  twin-births  be  violated 
in  tlie  leall  particular,  the  land  will  cer- 
t.iinly  be  afflided  witii  fomc  great  plague. 
However,  looking  upon  us  IVhite  men  as 
a  fort  of  gods,  as  I  have  hinted  bel'ore, 
they  do  not  think  the  facred  wood  defiled 
by  our  entering  it  as  often  as  we  think  fit, 
to  flioot,  or  by  our  turning  back  before 
wj  have  gone  half  way  to  the  end  of  the 
p.itii  1  which  lome  Euro; cans  have  done,  de- 
fignedly,  to  ridicule  their  iUipid  credulity, 
whicii  doth  not  a  little  ftagger  the  faith  of 
fome,  when  they  fee  their  boldnefs  attended 
by  no  ill  events.  But  the  cunning  prielfs  im- 
mediatelv  fatisfy  fuch  doubtful  perfons,  by 
telling  them,  tiiat  the  demon,  to  whom 
they  lacrifice  human  blood,  does  not  trouble 
hinifelf  with  (Fhile  men,  who  are  gods  as 
well  as  himfelfi  but  if  any  fi/.iut  fhould 
prefume  fo  to  do,  he  woukl  foon  feel,  by 
fome  dreadful  accident,  the  indignation  of 
the  god  inhabiting  the  facred  grove. 

Circumcision. 
•TpHOSE  people  precifely  obferve  the 
^  ceremony  of  circumcifing  every  indivi- 
dual perfon,  cither  male  or  female,  fome  at 
eight,  others  fourteen  days  after  they  are 
born.  The  boys,  as  ufual,  by  taking  off 
Vol.   V, 


the  fore-lkin,  and  the  girls  by  a  fmall  am-BAnnor. 
putation    in   the    private    parts.      Bcfidcs  -^"^r^ 
which,  they  make   fmali  incill'^   <  all  over  ^^^""^'1^.* 
the  bodies  of  the  infants,  repre.enting  fome  '  ' 
figures  i  but  more  of  them  are  ulually  made 
on  the  girls,  for  the  greater  ornament,  ac- 
cording to  their  p.i  ents  fancies  :  rho'  this 
fort  ot  operation  is  very  painful  to  the  poor 
tender  babes,  as  mangling  their  bodies  •,  but 
being  a  great   f.ifhion,  every  body  will  a- 
<iorn  their  childriJn  after  that  manner. 

Wlien  children  are  feven  days  old,  tlie 
parents  make  a  fmall  fcall,  believing  them 
to  be  then  pall  tlangiT  :  and  to  |)rcvent  evil 
fpirits  from  iloing  tiVm  any  mil'chiet,  they 
iliew  all  the  ways  with  eatables,  ready 
lirellld,  to  appeale,  and  render  them  fa- 
vourable to  the  babe. 

When  we  a(k  thofe  Blmk-  who  introiluced 
I  irciMiicifion,  and  the  looking  upon  men 
llruDUs  women  as  uncli  an,  beeaule  it  lavourj 
much  ot  Judaifin  ;  they  generally  aniwer, 
they  do  not  know,  but  that  thofe  cuftonis 
have  been  handcti  down  trotn  their  fore- 
fuhers,  from  generation  to  generation. 

Handicrafts. 
'T'  II  E  chief  handicrafts  there  are  fmiths, 
carpenters,  leather-drelTers  and  weavers ; 
but  all  their  workmanfliip  is  lb  very  clumfy, 
that  a  boy  who  has  ferv'd  a  few  months  ap- 
pienticefliip  in  Euroi>e,  woulii  out-do  them. 

Diet. 
'T'lIE  natives  of  Benin  are  generally 
wealthy,  and  eat  anil  driidv  of  thebeil 
the  couniry  alFords.  The  ordinary  diet  of 
the  rich  people,  is  bei  t,  mutton,  and 
chickens,  with  y.iinstor  hre.id  ;  which,  after 
they  have  boiled,  they  beat  very  fine,  and 
make  cakes  of  them.  They  trequently  treat 
one  another,  and  are  very  ready  to  give 
jjart  of  what  they  can  Ijiarc  to  the  poor. 
Their  drink  is  waterand  brandy,  when  they 
can  get  it.  The  meaner  fort  teed  ijfually 
on  fmoak'd,  or  dried  filli.  Their  bread  is 
yams,  as  with  tlie  former,  bananas  and 
beans ;  their  drink  is  water  and  pardon- 
wine,  which,  as  1  fa  id  before,  is  none  of  the 
bed. 

The  king,  great  lords,  and  officers  in 
government,  who  arc  inditlerently  rich,  fub- 
fift  many  poor  at  their  place  of  rcfidence, 
on  their  charity  ;  employing  thofe  who  are 
fit  for  any  work,  to  help  them  to  live  ;  all 
for  God's  fake,  as  they  fay,  and  to  obtain 
the  charafter  of  being  charitable  ;  ■"-)  that 
there  are  no  beggars,  nor  many  rema^  Kably 
poor  in  this  nation. 

Priests  Physicians. 

npHESE    people  arc    nothing  near  fo 

*■    concern'd,  or  afraid  of  death,  as  thofe 

of  Fiia,  and  Ardra  \  but  afcribe  the  brevity 

or  length  of  life,  to  God's  determination : 

5  A  yet 


<:.;!■' 


,t . 


.11 


.11?;  J 


\t 


!l!i-.;.i 


.    iiifS 


i  !'•.! 


V\ 


!;■  !  'f 


m'}-  '*'■, 


mm 


'11 


mi 


366 

Bar nor 


j4  Defcription  of  the 


Book  IV. 


Cruil  fu- 
nir»li. 


cirtmmii 


yet  are  very  ready,  on  the  kaft  imiifpfition, 
to  fcek  all  iirojKr  remctlies  and  me.ins,  to 
prolong  litV  as  much  as  they  can.  E  fides, 
when  fick,  they  immediately  lend  for  the 
prieft,  who  is  ommonly  their  phyfician. 
as  tliey  are  on  tin.  Itld-Coaji.  He  hrft  ad- 
minillcrs  the  uKial  herbs,  and  if  tluy  prove 
inefFcdtual,  lie  has  recourfc  to  facriticcs  to 
their  idols ;  and,  as  it  is  done  at  the  Gold- 
Codfit  if  the  patient  doth  not  recover,  the 
dodlor  is  difmifTcd,  and  another  called,  in 
hopes  that  his  (kill  may  Ix' greater.  If  the 
fick  [lerlon  recovers,  that  pried  and  phyfi- 
cian is  well  paid,  and  much  valued  and 
refpcdcd.  Such  a  prictl  will  foon  grow  rich 
by  his  phyfiik,  which  is  molt  of  their  dc- 
pendancc  ■,  for  as  to  oHerings  and  religious 
llrviccs,  except  in  this  particular,  every 
man  there  otVers  his  own  facrifices  to  his 
idols,  without  a  pried. 

F    U     N     E     R    A    L    S, 

A  S  foon  as  a  pcrfon  expires,  his  corps  is 
•^^  wafliiiland  (Icanfed  •,  and  that  ot  a  na- 
tive of  Ou!o,  the  metropolis,  who  liapfxns 
to  die  at  a  very  dili.n:  place,  is  pcrt'ediy 
dried  up  over  a  gentle  iji-e,  and  put  into  a 
coffin,  clofe  glued,  and  foconvcy'd  to  that 
city,  to  be  there  interred  :  and  tho'  a  con- 
vcniency  to  carry  it,  does  not  offer  in  fcveral 
years,  they  keep  the  corps  in  the  coffin 
above  ground. 

They  obferve  publick  mourning  for  their 
de.ad  fourteen  days:  the  nearcit  relations, 
hufband  or  wives,  with  their  flavcs,  lament- 
ing and  crying  about  the  corps,  to  the  tune 
of  fevcral  rnufical  inllruments,  but  with 
confiderable  Qops  and  intervals,during  which 
they  drink  very  pkntiruily. 

When  a  woman  dies  her  friends  com- 
monly take  the  trunks,  kettles,  pots,  and 
other  necclfaries  flie  had  made  ufe  ot  in  her 
lifi-'-time,  and  carry  them  on  their  heads, 
all  about  the  ftreets  of  the  town,  attended 
by  muficians,  drummers,  (^c.  finging  her 
praifes. 

If  fhe  was  a  pcrfon  of  diftindlion,  they 
maflacre  thirty  or  forty  flaves  on  the  day  of 
her  burial  -,  and  one  has  been  known  to 
have  had  feventy-eight  flavts  thus  f  icrificed 
tin  her  account,  which  were  all  her  own  •,  and 
to  complete  the  even  number  of  eighty, 
as  flie  had  ordered  before  her  death,  they 
murdered  two  young  children,  a  boy  and 
a  girl,  whom  fhe  had  loved  extremely. 
Thus  few  or  no  perfons  of  note  die  there, 
but  it  cofts  the  lives  of  many  others,  who 
are  inhumanly  flaughtered,  to  wait  on  the 
deceafed  in  the  grave  :  but  this  horrid  tra- 
gedy is  more  cruelly  afted  at  a  king's  death, 
as  fnall  be  obferved  hereafter. 

They  commonly  bury  the  d,ead  in  their 
befl  apparel,  and  kill  mere  or  Itefs  (laves  to 
wait  on  them,  a,ccordir3  to  their  quajity. 


The  funeral  ceremonies  commonly  laft  feren 
or  eight  days,  with  lamentations,  fongs, 
dances,  and  hard  drinking:  and  fome  have 
taken  h|)  a  corjis  again  after  it  was  interred 
in  all  due  formalities,  to  repeat  the  cert- 
monials  of  mourning  and  burial  ;  and  to 
flaughter  as  many  more  men  and  beafts, 
on  their  .account,  aswasdoneai  firft.  When 
the  funeral  is  over,  every  perfon  retires  to 
his  own  home,  and  the  next  relations,  which 
continue  in  mourning,  bewail  the  dead  lor 
fevcral  months  fuccelTively  1  fome  with  their 
hair  Ihaved,  others  their  beards,  or  half 
their  heads. 

Inheritance. 
nr  H  F-  fight  of  inheritance  devolves  in  the;^.,,  ^ 
■•    following  manner.     A  hufband  is  tliew'«* 
fole  heir  to  his  wife  -,  her  ciiildren  b'Jngde- ""■■.; 
prived  of  all  fli     _iolTene(l,  except  what  Ihe 
was  ple.ded  to  bellow  on  them  during  her 
life-time  i    but,   on  the  other  hand,  woiiun 
cannot  inherit  their  hufband'selhte,   notihe 
very  leaft  thing,  but  all  is  at  the  king's  liif. 
pofal,  and  evin  (he  woman  hcrfelf,  as  lus 
been  idre.idy  obferved. 

Among  deceafed  perfons  of  tliftinftion,  ihenj,}  „ 
eldeft  fon  is  the  fole  heir,  upon  condition  W. 
he  pay  the  king  a  flave  by  way  of  herriot; 
and  another  to  the  great  lords  -,  and  pe- 
titions them  ad  fonn.vn,  that  he  may  be  al- 
lowed to  fucceed  his  dead  father  in  the  fime 
quality  :  which  the  king  commonly  grants ; 
and  fo  he  is  declared  the  lawful  heir  of  all 
his  father's  goods  and  chattels;  of  which  he 
beftows  no  more  on  his  younger  brothers, 
than  what  he  pleafes.  If  his  mother  be  (lill 
alive,  he  allows  her  a  maintenance  fuit.ihle 
to  her  rank  •,  befidcs  permitting  her  to  keep 
whatever  his  father  hid  given  her,  in  his 
life-time.  And  as  to  his  father's  other  wives, 
efpccially  thofe  that  never  had  any  child  hy 
him,  he  takes  them  horn  ■  to  him,  and  iilcs 
them  as  his  own  •,  thofe  he  do;  s  not  like 
fo  well,  a^e  alfo  t.iken  hom,"  with  thdr 
children,  but  fer  to  work,  the  bttuT  to 
fubfift  them,  and  he  has  ro  inanner  of  co'^i- 
merce  with  them,  in  the  nature  ot  mirnetl 
people:  and  of  this  la(t  fore  of  widows 
there  are  great  numbers. 

If  the  dccerJeJ  perfon  leaves  no  ilTje  o^oihnkh, 
his  body,  his  brc  her    i:iherirs  all  he  was 
poffefTcclof;  a;id  v.lien  no  brother,  the  next 
a-kin  is  his  heir  •  and  if  no  l'.t-:r  at  all,  then 
the  king  is  the  heir,  according  to  law. 

Tlv.  crown  of  Scnif  is  likewiic  heredicary  ■, 
firfl  to  the  elde'l  fon  of  the  king,  and  in 
default  oi"  ilTue  from  Iiim,  to  the  king's 
brother,  or  his  ifi'ue  in.de,  as  I  fliall  (hew 
herc.ifter  :  which  brings  me  to  fpeak,  in 
the  followin[^  chapter,  of  the  governinent 
of  Benin,  of  the  king's  prenjgative,  ad- 
miniltration  of  juftice,    and  religioii  of  the 

natives. 

CHAP. 


BooKlV.I  Chap.  7.         Coafls  «/ South-Guinea. 


3«7 


ly  lall  fercn 
)ns,    fongi, 

fomc  have 
vas  interred 
It  the  cere- 
ial  ■,  and  to 

and  bcafts, 
fiift.  Wlieu 
on  retires  to 
tions,  whitiv 

the  de.ul  lor 
:ne  with  their 
ds,    or  hair 


E. 

evolves  in  the  If-;..,,  j^ 
iflwnd  is  tlic'"'u«- 
rcn  biingilc-"'".! 
;:t'pt  wh,\t  fhe 
\\  during  her 
:i;ind,  women 
ll.Uf,  not  the 
thf  king's  dif- 
icrfclt,  .IS  has 

liftinftion,  theflj,!!^ 

pen  condition  ("ir. 

.ly  of  herriot ; 

rus ;    and  pe- 

he  may  beal- 

her  in  the  Time 

monly  gr.ints  •, 

ful  heir  of;ill 

iSi  of  which  he 

ngcr  brothiTS, 

mother  be  ft  ill 

n.ince  luitable 

ng  her  to  keep 

/en  her,  in  his 

's  other  wives, 

any  child  by 

him,  and  iil« 

do.  s   not  like 

with  thdr 

the  Ivrnr  to 

.inner  of  ri,"^i- 

:u'.e  ot  married 

irt  of  widows 

ves  no  iniie  oi^Mn'M;, 

its  all  he  was 
iher,  the  next 

e;r  at  all,  then 

ng  to  law. 

ivilchercdicaryi 

c  king,  and  in 
to   tiie  king's 

as  1  (liall  (hew 

e  to  fpeak,  in 
ic-  government 
erogative,  ad- 
religion  of  the 


d 


nv 


CHAP.     VII. 

(iwvrrwf«;«r  Benin.  The  kinf^s  prerogative'  Itis  rcsenut,  warst  army- 
His  appearing  abroad,  /iudience  to  Europeans.  'Burial  of  kings.  En- 
throning  of  them.  'PHnifliments  for  crimes.  Several  trials.  IlTubo,  Ja- 
boc,  Owoba,   Biafra,  and  other  kingdoms  briefly  dcfcribed. 


Th'tl 
trimt  wr 
nijli'i' 


ftOVERHMKNT. 

TH  F,  government  of  BiHin  is  princi- 
pally vcfted  in  the  king,  and  three 
thief  minifters,  called  great  tendon  \  that 
is,  intcndants,  or  overfeers :  bcfulcs,  the 
great  marflial  of  the  crown,  who  is  entrulkd 
with  the  allairs  relating  to  war,  as  the  three 
others  arc  with  theadminiitration  of  jiillice, 
and  the  management  of  the  revenue  j  ami 
all  lour  arc  obliged  to  take  their  circuits 
throughout  the  fcvcral  provinces,  from  time 
to  time,  to  infpeft  into  the  condition  of  the 
country,  and  the  adminillration  of  the  go- 
vernors and  julliccs  in  each  dirtrift,  that 
p.act  and  good  order  may  be  kept  as  much 
as  polFible.  Thole  chief  miniders  of  (late, 
have  und.r  them,  each  his  own  p.irticular 
officers  and  aOlltants  in  the  dillharge  of 
their  ports  and  places.  Tliey  call  the  firft 
of  thethree  aforementioned  minilters  of  (late, 
the  OHfgwa,  the  fecond  Ojfuile,  and  the  third 
/irribon. 
te,  iki'i  They  refide  conftantly  at  court,  as  being 
iiwil.  the  king's  privy  council,  to  advife  him  on 
all  emergencies  and  affairs  of  the  nation  j 
and  any  jxirfon  that  wants  to  apply  to  the 
prince,  muft  addrefs  himfelf  firlt  to  them, 
and  they  acquaint  the  king  with  the  peti- 
tioner's bufinefs,  and  return  his  anfwer  ac- 
cordingly :  but  commonly,  as  in  otiicr  coun- 
tries, they  will  only  inform  the  king  with 
what  they  pleafe  themfelves  v  and  fo,  in  his 
name,  adt  very  arbitrarily  over  the  fubjeds. 
Whence  it  may  well  be  inferred,  that  the 
government  is  entirely  in  their  hands  ;  for 
it  is  very  feldom  they  will  favour  a  pcrfon 
fo  far,  as  to  admit  him  to  the  king's  pre- 
tence, to  reprclent  his  own  affairs  to  that 
prince  :  and  every  body  knowing  their  great 
authority,  endeavours  on  all  occafions,  to 
gain  their  favour  as  much  as  poflible,  bj 
large gratilications  and  prefents,  in  order  to 
fucceed  in  their  affairs  at  court,  for  which 
reafon  their  offices  and  pofts  are  of  very 
great  profit  to  them. 
dim  ma-  Befides  thefe  four  chief  minifters  of  ftate, 
(ij'iiii.  there  are  two  other  inferior  ranks  about 
the  king  :  the  firft  is  compofed  of  thofe 
they  call  Reis  de  RuaSy  fignifying  in  Por- 
luguefe,  kings  of  ftrcets,  fomc  of  whom 
prefideover  the  commonalty ,and  othersover 
the  (laves  i  fomc  again,  over  military  af- 
fairs; others,  over  attairs  relating  to  cattle, 
and  the  fruits  of  the  earth,  (£t,  there  be- 


C  H  AP 


ing  fuperv'fors  or  intcndants,  over  every 
thing  that  can  be  thought  of,  in  order  to 
keep  all  things  in  a  due  regular  way. 

From  among  thole  Ren  dc  Ruas,  they ccvirntti. 
commonly  chulc  the  governors  of  provin- 
ces and  towns  •,  but  every  one  of  them  is 
fubordinate  to,  and  dependent  on,  thealore- 
mcntioned  great  ye.tdois,  as  being  generally 
put  into  tholi:  employments,  by  their  re- 
commend.uion  to  the  king,  who  ufudly 
prefents  each  of  them,  when  fo  promoted 
to  the  government  of  provinces,  towns  or 
dillrifts,  with  a  llring  of  cor.J,  .is  an  cn- 
fign  or  badge  of  this  otHic  •,  being  there 
eijuivalent  to  an  order  of  knighthood  in 
Eiaopraii  courts. 

They   are  obliged  to    wear    that  ffrinc  ^  ,.      ^ 

11        1  I     •  1  1  "  Enfitn  of 

continually  about  their  necks,  widiout  ever^j,^;,™- 
daring  to  put  it  off,  on  any  account  wliat-  mint. 
foever ;  and  in  cafe  they  lol'e  it  by  care- 
leffncfs,  or  any  other  accident,  or  if  ftolen 
from  them,  they  forfeit  their  heads,  .md 
are  accordingly  executed,  without  remiffion. 
And  there  have  been  inftances  of  this  na- 
ture, five  men  having  been  put  tJ  death 
for  a  ftring  of  coral  fo  lo(V,  tho'  not  intrin- 
fically  worth  two-pence :  the  officer,  to 
whom  the  chain  or  ftring  belonged,  becaule 
he  hail  fuffercd  it  to  be  (loleii  from  him, 
the  thief  whoown'd  he  had  ftolen  it,  and 
three  more  who  were  privy  to  it,  and  did 
not  timely  difcover  it. 

This  law  is  fo  rigidly  obfervcd,  that  the 
officers  fo  entrulted  with  a  ftring  of  coral 
by  the  king,  whenfoever  they  happen  to 
lole  it,  though  it  be  taken  from  about 
their  necks  by  niain  force,  immediately  fay, 
/  am  a  dead  m.tn ;  and  therefore  regard 
no  perils,  tliough  ever  fo  great,  if  there 
be  hopes  of  recovering  it  by  force,  from 
thofe  who  have  ftolen  it.  Therefore,  I  ad- 
vife all  fea-faring  Eurnpeam,  trailing  to 
thofe  parts,  never  to  meddle  with  tho 
firings  of  coral  belonging  10  any  fuch  offi- 
cers, not  even  in  jell;  becaule  tlie  li.ack 
that  permits  it,  is  immediately  lent  tijr  10 
the  king,  and  by  hi.i order  clofe  imprifoned, 
and  put  to  death. 

The  fame  puniflimcnr  is  inflifted  on  any 
pcrfon  whatlbever,  that  counterfeits  thofe 
ftrings  of  coral,  or  has  any  in  his  pofref-* 
fion,  without  the  king's  grant. 

That  we  have  here  called  coral,  is  made 
of  a  pal«  rti  co&ik  eartii  ^  ftone,   and 

very 


t'i!!i'* 


,  III 

[•iiiVii^tiyK.  ill! 


J'-:'::;^ 


u- '  -'!■ 


nr- 


ii'.'.W    ■;  *'.'  ■;■ 


liWM..;,, 


■;:i 


j:'||  M  ;,:.J    j' 

iiiifrt''i' 

if  lis:  .if 


3<J8 


y^  Defcript'ton  of  the 


Book  IV. 


nMimvr  vrry  well  gl.u.ed,     much    rcffmbiing   red 

4^^^  fpcckK  il  in.irhlc,  which  the   kin^  kcips  in 

his  own  cutlody,  ami  no  lio.ly  is  aliowid, 

as  I  have  faiil,  to  wear  it,  unli-ls  honoureil 

by   the  jirincc  with  fonic  poll  of  trull   in 

the"  nation. 

Ttmd  fiirt       The  third  rank  of  pubiick  minillers  or 

»f»ffuir,.  „[7i(;crs,  is  ihat  ot  the  Mcxinlon,  or  nu-r- 

i'hants  i  /■'iiUitil'irs,  or  iiitericirors  ■,  tlie/W/- 

/"!j,   or  eltlers,  cmploytd  by  the  kiny,     in 

iiffairs  reiatinj^;  to  trade:  all  whiiii  are  alio 

diftinguifhed  lioni  the  other  liilijefts,    not 

in  olHee  or  p;>ll,  by  the  lame  bad[;e  of  a 

loralllriny   at    their  neek,    given  eaeli  of 

them  by  the  kinf;,  as  a  mark  ol  honour. 

All  the  laid  offieers,  from  the  hi(;;hill  to 
the  low.ll,  bcinj;  mm  that  love  money, 
are  eafily  bribed  :  fo  th.it  a  perlbn  I'entcni'd 
to  death,  may  purch.ife  his  lile,  if  he  is 
wealthy  in  H  fjirs,  the  mon  y  of  this  coun- 
try ;  anil  o.dy  poor  people  are  made  ex- 
amples of  lullice,  as  we  fee  is  no  lei's  prac- 
tilni  in  I'.nro/i- :  yet  it  liein(»  liie  king's 
intention,  that  jnflice  Ihouid  be  dillriluitei!, 
without  exreptionol  pcrlons,  ,ind  m.di  ful'lors 
rigidly  punilhed  .iccording  to  the  laws  ol  the 
re.dm,  the  officers  take  all  pollible  care 
to  conceal  from  him,  that  they  have 
been  bribed,  for  preventing  the  execution 
of  any  perfon  condemn'd. 

Tim  Kino's  Prerogative. 

T""  H  E  king  of  limn  is  abfolute  ;  ills  will 
being  a  law  and  a  bridle  to  his  li.b- 
jedts,  which  none  of  them  ilare  oppofe  ; 
and,  as  I  have  hinted  before,  the  greated 
men  of  the  nation,  as  well  as  the  inferior 
fort,  clleem  it  an  honour  to  be  called  the 
king's  flive,  which  title  no  perfon  dares  af- 
fume  without  the  king's  particulargrant  •,  and 
that  he  never  .diows  but  to  thole,  wlio,  as 
foon  as  born,  are  by  tiicir  parents  pre- 
fented  to  him  :  for  which  rcafon,  Ibme  ge- 
ographers have  thought,  that  the  king  of  5c- 
nin  was  rcligioufly  adored  by  all  his  fubjefts, 
as  a  deity.  But  that  is  a  millake,  for  tne 
qualification  of  the  king's  flaves,  is  but  a 
bare  coirjilimcnt  to  majefty  -,  fince  none  of 
NoBa/itfj^''^  natives  of  fifw;,  can  by  the  law  of  the 
/lAvti.  land,  be  nriile  flaves,  on  any  account,  as 
has  been  obfervcd  before. 

The  pr' lent  king  is  a  young  man,  of  an 
alVable  beh.iviour.  Ills  mother  is  ftitl  li- 
ving, to  whom  he  pays  very  great  refpeft 
and  reverence,  and  lil  the  people  after  his 
example  honour  her.  Siie  lives  a-part  from 
her  fon  in  her  own  palace  out  ot  the  city 
Oeo'u,  where  flie  k;  ■  ps  her  court,  waited 
on,  and  fcrvd  by  ii  [iroper  officers,  wo- 
men and  maids.  The  king,  her  fon,  ufes 
to  rake  her  advice  on  many  import.mt  af- 
fair; of  (late,  by  the  miniftry  of  his  I'atef- 
men  and  counfeliors :  for  the  kin  5  the  •■  is 
not  to  fee  his  own  mochcr,  without  dan^,  r 


King  an  J 
qutia-mo 
ihn. 


of  an  infurreftion  of  the  people  againfl  him, 
ac(  ording  to  their  conllitutions.  The  p  ilate 
of  that  dowager  is  very  large  and  fpacious, 
built  much  alter  the  manner,  and  of  the  fame 
materials,  as  the  king's,  and  thofe  of  other 
great  perfons. 

The  king's  houflioKI  is  compos'd  of  a<"»4( 
great  luimbei  ol  olficers  of  fundry  lorts,"*" 
.mil  flaves  of  Ixith  lexes,  whole  btilinefs  is 
to  furnifii  all  the  fevcr.il  apartments  with 
all  ni  inner  of  neccfTiries  for  lite  and  conve. 
nieni  y,  as  well  as  the  country  atTords.  The 
men  officers,  being  to  take  tare  of  all  that 
toncerns  the  king's  t.ibles  .mil  llables  ■,  and 
the  women,  tor  th.it  wliiih  regards  his 
wives  ami  concubines  ;  which  all  together 
m.ikes  the  concourle  of  p<  oj  le  lo  great  at 
court,  witii  the  llrangers  relbrting  lonti- 
nually  to  it  every  day  .ibiiut  biifinef'-,  ihit 
there  is  always  a  vail  croud,  running  id 
and  fro,  from  one  qii.irter  to  .mother.  It  ap- 
pears by  ancient  hillory,  that  it  w.is  the 
cullom  of  the  e.illern  nation-^,  to  have  only 
women,  to  ferve  them  within  doors,  as 
officers  in  the  king's  houles.  Davidhe'mg 
lorceii  10  lly  before  ///;  itlom  his  lian,  and 
to  le.ive  'JtriiUlt-m  his  capital,  to  ilielter 
himlelf  in  Ibme  ot  hisllrong  cities  beyond 
Joniivi,  left  ten  of  his  concubines  for  the 
guard  of  his  palace. 

The  king  being  very  charitable,  as  welJCW;, 
as  his  fubjeds,  has  pei  uliar  officers  about 
him,  whole  chief  employment  is,  on  certain 
days,  to  carry  a  great  quantity  of  provifions, 
ready  drellld,  which  the  king  tends  into  the 
town  for  tile  uli  of  the  poor.  Thofe  mm 
make  a  fort  of  proceffion,  mari  hing  two 
and  two  with  thofe  provifions  in  great  or- 
der,preceded  by  the  head  officer,  with  a  long 
wiiitellatVin  liis  iiand,  like  the  prime  court- 
officers  in  J:>ii;lcinil ;  and  every  body  is  ob- 
liged to  make  way  tor  him,  tho'  ot  never  lb 
great  quality. 

Befides  this  good  quality  of  being  chari- 
table, the  king  might  be  mkoned  jiill 
and  equitable,  as  deliring  continually  his 
officers  to  adminilter  juflice  exactly,  and 
to  difcharge  their  duties  confcientioufly : 
befides  that,  he  is  a  great  lover  of  tun- 
peans,  wiiom  he  will  have  to  be  well  treated 
and  honoured,  more  efpecially  the  Dutch 
nation,  as  I  have  Ix-tbre  obl'ervcd.  But  his 
extortions  from  fuch  of  his  fubjcfts  as  are 
wealthy,  on  one  unjull  pretence  or  other, 
which  has  to  much  impoveriftied  many  of 
them,  will  not  allow  him  to  be  look'd  up- 
on as  very  )ull. 

Hefeldom  paffes  one  day,  without  hold- 
ing a  cabinet  council  with  his  chief  mini- 
llers,  for  diCpatching  ot  the  many  allairs 
brought  before  him,  with  all  pollible  ex- 
|)edition  ■,  befides,  the  appeals  f'om  infe- 
rior courts  of  judicature  in  ail  the  parts  of 
the  kingdom,   and  audiences  to  llrangers, 

or 


Snntl 

tim. 


ablej 
tries, 
plent 
to  nia 
find 
part, 
fand  i 
dable 
(jtiiiiea 
out  all 
I  Kttirj  tribiita 
I  ^'",.     thofe  ( 
Oedob<i, 
rable 

mo: 

tlie  othi 


'T'O 

in 

no  otht 
about 
their  bo 
Vo 


Book  IV. 

inft  him, 

Ipitious, 
t"  the  r.unc 
ft  of  other 

)osM  of"  a  <•"'"' 
iiiry  lorts,""" 
bulinefs  is 
ncnts  with 
mil  convc- 
irils.     Tl\e 

«)t  all  ih.ii 
.il»lrs  i  arnl 
rrj];arils  his 
all  to^etlm 

lo  j^riat  M 
iiin^  coiiti- 
irinil's  th.it 

running  to 
tlitr.   It  aji- 

it  was  the 

0  have  only 

1  lioDis,  as 
Diivid  being 
is  Ion,  and 
1,  to  Iheker 
:itiej  beyond 
bints  tor  the 

able,  as  viiWclmi]. 

iffieers   about 

is,  on  certain 

ot  provifions, 

ends  into  the 
I'lioH:  nun 

larihinv^  two 
in  great  or- 
,  with  along 
prime  tdiirc- 

ybody  is  ob- 

o'  ot  never  to 

being  chari- 
koned    ivilt 
niniu.iUy    his 
exactly,    and 
nl'cicntioufly  : 
jver  of  turc- 
K  well  treated 
Uy  the  Diiuh 
ved.     But  his 
riibjcfts  as  are 
nee  or  other, 
fhed  many  ot 
be  look'd  up- 

without  hold- 
iiis  chiet  niini- 

many  allairs 
iH  pollibleex- 
■als  f'om  inte- 
11  the  pans  of 

ito  ftrangers, 
or 


Chap. 7.  Coajls  0/ South-Guinea. 


369 


or  concerning  the  affairj  of  war,    or  other 
emergencies  of  (late. 

R    >    V    E    N    V    R. 

f-r  H  F.  king's  Income  is  very  great,  his 
■*  dominions  being  fo  large,  and  having 
fuch  a  number  of  governors,  and  other  in- 
ferior officers,  each  of  whom  is  obliged,  ac- 
according  to  his  poll,  to  nay  into  the  king's 
trcafury  (0  many  bags  of  Hotjies,  fomemore, 
fomelcrs,which  all  together  amount  toa  pro- 
digious rum-,andothrrolficcrsot  inferior  rank 
are  to  pay  in  their  taxes  in  cattle,  chicken, 
fruits,  rootsandcloths.orany  other  things  that 
can  be  iifcful  to  the  king's  houlhold :  which 
is  fo  great  a  quantity,  thaf  it  doth  not  coll 
the  king  a  penny  throughout  the  year  to 
maintain  and  fubfift  his  family  i  fo  that 
there  is  yearly  a  confiderablr  increafe  of 
money  in  his  trcafury.  Add  to  all  this,  the 
duties  and  tolls  on  imported  or  exported 
poods, paid  in  all  trading  plates, to  the  refjiec- 
tive  I'tadnrs,  and  other  officers,  which  arc 
alio  partly  conveyed  to  the  trcafury  ■,  and 
were  the  colli/tors  thereof  jiifb  and  honeft, 
fo  as  not  to  defrauil  the  prince  of  aconfule- 
rable  part,  theic  would  amount  to  an  in- 
credible fum. 


W    A 


R    S. 


'T'HIS  prince  is  perpetually  at  war,  with 
•*•  one  nation  or  other,  that  borders  on 
the  northern  part  of  his  dominions,  and 
fonietimes  witli  another  north-well  ot  his 
kingdom,  which  arc  all  potent  people, 
but  little  or  not  at  all  known  to  Euro- 
ffani,  over  whom  he  obtains  from  time 
to  time  confiderable  advantages  j  fubduing 
large  prtions  of  thofe  unknown  countries, 
and  raifing  great  contributions,  which  are 
partly  paid  him  in  jafper,  and  other  valu- 
able goods  of  the  produft  of  thofe  coun- 
tries. Wherewith,  together  with  his  own 
plentiful  revenue,  he  is  able  upon  occafion 
to  maintain  an  army  of  an  hundred  thou- 
fand  horfe  and  foot  •,  but,  for  the  moll 
part,  he  doth  ndt  keep  above  thirty  thou- 
(and  men,  which  renders  him  more  formi- 
dable to  his  neighbours,  than  any  other 
Guinea  king  :  nor  is  there  any  other  through- 
out all  Guinea,  that  has  fo  many  vafHtls  and 
I  TwHi;  tributary  kings  under  him  i  as  for  inftance, 
I  ps.w.  thofe  of  JJ}iinna,  Forcado,  Jaboe,  Iffabo  and 
Oedobci,  from  whom  he  receives  confide- 
rable yearly  tributes,  except  from  him  of 
IJJaboy  who  tho'  much  more  potent  than  all 
the  others,  yet  pays  the  leaft. 

Army. 

hi'inni  TTO  fpeak  now  fomethingofthe  foldicry 
|i«f«;.     *    in  the  king's  pay.  They  generally  wear 
no  other  clothes  but  a  narrow  filk  clout 
about  their  middle,  all  the  other  parts  of 
their  body  being  naked  }  and  arc  armed 
Vol.   V. 


with  pikes,  javelins,  bows,  and  poifonedBAMiioT. 
arrows,  cutlaccs  and  bucklers  or  fhields  t  ^^V^^* 
but  fo  night,  and  nude  of  fmall  Bambori, 
that  they  cannot  ward  oft'  any  thing 
that  is  forcible,  and  fo  are  rather  for  fhow 
than  for  defence.  Some,  bcfides  all 
thelc  weaiHins,  have  alfo  a  kind  of  hooked 
bill,  much  of  the  form  of  thofe  we  ufe  in 
Kuropf,  for  cutting  of  fmall  wood,  whereof 
bavins  and  faggots  are  made,  and  foinc  O- 
thers  have  fmall  poniards. 

Thefe  foldiers  arc  commonly  iliftributcdq^jK. 
into  companies  and  bands,  each  band  com- 
manded by  its  refpedUve  officer,  with  others 
of  lower  rank  uniler  him :  but  what  is 
pretty  fingular  there,  thofe  officers  do  not 
jKjft  themlelves  in  the  front  of  their  troops, 
but  in  the  very  centre,  and  generally  wear 
a  cymiter  hanging  ai  their  fide,  by  a  lea- 
ther girdle  fillened  under  their  arm-pits, 
inlle.id  of  a  belt,  and  march  with  a  grave 
refolute  mien,  which  has  Ibmething  of 
llateiincfs. 

The  king's  armies  are  tompofcd  of  a 
certain  number  of  thofe  bands,  which  is 
greater  or  fmaller  according  to  tircumllan- 
ces  ;  and  they  always  march  ilk-'  '.lie  ancient 
Salij,  dancing  and  fkipping  into  meafurc 
and  merrily,  and  yet  keep  their  ranks,  be- 
ing in  this  particular  better  ilifciplined  than 
any  other  Guinea  nation  •,  however,  they 
are  no  braver  than  the  Fida  and  /Irdra 
men,  their  neighbours  weflward,  fo  that 
nothing  but  abfolute  necelTlty  can  oblige 
them  to  fight:  and  even  then,  they  h-id"'^"' »/ 
rather  fuffer  the  greateft  loffes  than  defend ""''''*'• 
themfclves.  When  their  Hight  is  preven- 
ted, they  return  upon  the  enemy,  but  with 
fo  little  courage  and  order,  that  they  foon 
fling  tlown  their  arms,  either  to  run  the 
lighter,  or  to  liirrender  themfclves  prifo- 
ners  of  war.  In  ffiort,  they  iiave  fo  little 
conduft,  that  many  of  them  are  alhamcd 
of  it ',  their  officers  being  no  braver  than 
the  loldiers,  every  man  takes  his  owri 
courfe,  without  any  regard  to  the  rell. 

The  great  officers  apjxar  very  richly  ha- 
bited in  the  field, every  one  rather  endeavour- 
ing to  outdo  another  in  that  particular,  than 
to  furpafs  him  in  valour  and  conduft.  Their 
common  garment  is  a  fhort  jacket  or  frock 
of  fcarlct  cloth  over  their  fine  clothes,  and 
fome  hang  over  that  an  ivory  quiver,  lined 
with  a  tyger's-fltin,  or  a  civet-cat's,  and  a 
long  wide  cap  on  their  heads,  like  the  dra- 
goons caps  in  France,  with  a  horfe-tail 
pretty  long  hanging  at  the  tip  of  it.  Thus 
equip'd,  tiiey  mount  their  horles,  to  whofe 
necks  they  commonly  tie  a  tinkling  bell, 
which  rings  as  the  horfe  moves.  Thus 
they  ride  with  an  air  of  fiercenefs,  attended 
by  a  flave  on  foot,  on  each  fide,  and  fol- 
lowed by  many  others,  one  carrying  the 
large  Bamboe  Ihield,  another  leading  the 
5  B  horfe. 


'.I    !i 


'\  n 


I',l' . 


■i  I 


nm 


iji' « 


■If  ■ 


HM 


370 


yi  Defcriptiott  of  (he 


Book  IV, 


inllru- 

mmi 


lUuMor  horfe,  anJoihrrspUyingon  ihrir  ulual  mu- 
<-^VN;fKul  inlUumciitsv  tlut  i%  ilrums  Iwnn, 
*'■"'"•'  flulia  k  an  iruii  lujllow  [i\\v;,  on  wlnihtluy 
bc.U,  with  .1  wooiltn  llicL  1  ami  inotlur  iii- 
(Iruniait,  tlic  mull  cllifinctl  among  tlicm, 
btiny  a  Ion  ol  lar^i  ilry  bl.uliJir,  will 
fweluJ  witli  air,  cover'cl  witliajuc,  fiil'il 
witli  pcoi  .mJ  bnls  bclU,  and  liung  or  tii).! 
at  \\\e  end  ut   a  wuixicn  iundlc,    to  Ituld  it 

by. 

When  returned  home  from  a  warlike  tx- 
pcdiiioM,  every  man  delivers  b.iik  10  ilu: 
king'-,  liori's  tlic  quivLTi,  and  aiiows  he 
has  hit.  That  lloie  houlc  or  arleiul,  M 
divitlcd  into  in  iny  chanibti^  v  and  imiiudi- 
atily  the  priclK  are  la  to  work  to  poilon 
new  .urows,  that  there  may  W  always  a 
fuffit  lint  IUkU  tor  the  next  ociafioji. 

llivingobli.'rved  what  little  toiiraj^e  tlitrc 
is  in  this  nation,  we  111 dl not  h.i.e  much  to 
f.iy  of  their  wirs  -,  nor  is  it  ealy  to.iceount 
for  iluir  becoming  lo  toriiiidal)le  a'lioiijj; 
tl-.iir  lui^hbDurs  to  the  north,  and  north- 
w.lt,  but  by  eoncludiiig  thole  nations  to  be 
as  bad  loldiers  as  tliemldves,  and  not  lo 
jiopulou.s-,  lor  there  are  othvr  nations  Ibuth 
aiuli  all  ot  tin  in,  who  value  not  their  power; 
amoni'.ll  whom  .ire  tlu  pirates  ol  Ujli,  who 
give  tiieni  no  littk  dillurbaiice,  as  lus  bca 
hinted  bdbre. 

Thi-  Kino  appearing  ahroad. 

T"  1 1  F.  king  of  Benin,  at  a  certain  time  of 

*     the  year,  rides  out  to  be  fcen   by  his 

Mmniji-    people.     That  day  he  rides  one  of  his  bell 

cinitr»m.  horles,  whieh,  as  has  been  obfcrved,  are 
but  ordinary  at  bell,  richly  equipped  and 
hdiited,  t'oilowed  by  three  or  four  hundred 
ol  his  printip.il  minillcii,  and  ofHiers  ot 
(late,  loineoii  horleback,  and  foine  on  toot, 
ariiKd  with  tluir  lliields  anil  javelins,  pre- 
ceded and  followed  by  a  gre.it  number  of 
iinifKi.ins  playing  on  all  lorts  of  their  in- 
flniments,  Ibuiiding  at  the  fame  time  ibme- 
tliing  rude  ,ukI  pleafant.  At  the  head  ol 
this  royal  proccAlon,  are  leil  fome  tame 
leopards  or  tygers,  in  chains,  attended  by 
fonu   dwarfs,  and  mutes. 

nurbxrmi  This  procelTion  commonly  enils  with  th? 
ftcrijici.  jj^.jti,  often  or  twelve  (laves,  facrificed  in 
honour  of  the  king,  and  paid  by  the  people, 
who  very  grolTly  imagine,  thole  wretclied 
victims  will  in  a  little  time  alter,  return  to 
life  again,  in  remote  fertile  countries,  and 
there  live  happily. 

There  is  .mother  royal  feall,  at  a  fixed 
time  of  the  year,  call'd  the  coial-feaft,  du- 
ring which,  the  king  caufes  his  treafure  to 
be  expoled  to  publick  view  in  the  palace,  to 
fliow  hia  grandeur. 

Grf»t  On  that  day  the  king  appears   in  publick 

fijlival.     again,  magnificently  drelTed,  in  the  fecond 

court  or  plain  ol   his  palace,  where  he  fits 

under  a  very  fine  canopy,  encympaflcd  by 


all  hit  wivM,  and  a  vail  croud  of  hit  princi- 
pal minillers,  .ml  oiriieis  of  flatc,  all  m 
their  ru hell  app.irel,  who  r.mge  thrnifdvci 
.iboiit  hmi,  .md  lo'xi  .ttiT  titnin  a  pro,  eirmn  , 
at  which  lime  tlie  kiiii{  rifiiiu  Irom  Iik 
place,  goesto  olU-r  l'aeri(K(s  to  his  i>lvls  in 
the  oj)in  air,  .inJ  there  bfgijis  the  tcall,wlii,,li 
is  attriiJ.'ti  v.ith  the  univerial  louti  ;ia'la- 
mations  of  hij  lubjccU.  1  laving  l\Km  ahuiit 
a  ([uarter  of  an  hoar  in  tlw;  ctremuny,  he 
return,  to  hisfurniei  place  under  the  cmopv, 
where  he  ll.iys  iwolioum,  to  give  ilic  peo- 
ple time  to  peitoim  tiuir  devotions  to  ilmr 
idols  •,  which  ilone,  he  goes  home  in  tiie 
lame  manner  he  came  iliiditr,  and  the 
rem  lining  i>..ii  oi  tliat  i.y\y  h  Iptni  in  Iplui- 
dM  treatiiiji  and  lo.illuig  \  the  king  ciu ling 
jil  forts  ol  provifii/iu  and  iLirdon.wine  to 
be  lillributed  amoJig  the  lUDpL;  v  whieh  ;> 
alio  done  by  every  t^uat  lord,  in  imiuiiKiU 
t)f  tlie  prince.  So  tliat  notliing  is  le  n 
throughout  the  whide  city,  but  all  poffibk- 
marks  ol  rijoi^in^;  .iiid  nuith. 

'i'hekiiig  on  llj.u  d.iy  alio  ufes  todillri- 
l)ute  men  anil  vsuii.en  (laves  .imoii'z;  fmi, 
jierlbns  .IS  h.ive  dene  tin  luiion  I  jii  e  ferviu  ; 
and  to  collier  greater  olHces  on  the  mi  but  lor 
his  lafper-llune  and  corals,  which,  with 
the  li(H-{te<,  make  the  greatell  p.irt  ct  l,i» 
tieafuie,  he  keeps  tlieni  to  himlell, 

Al'DIENCE    lo    EUROIM  ANS. 

A  T  the  audiences  the  king  gives  tofom* 
*^  Eiirupcau  lactoi'!,  or  commanders  of 
(liips,  who  arc  Icldom  ilenied  tlui  favour 
when  they  atk  it  1  he  fits  in  the  room  ap- 
pointed lor  th.it  purpole,  betore  a  tine  ta- 
p.-ftry,  having  on  his  Icit  hand  kven  vciy 
clean  bri;;ht  ileplumt's  teith,  on  pulellaU 
of  ivory,  as  his  idols,  plac'd  agai.id  the 
tapeflry.  Tlu.  perlbn  i>,  aieording  to  ciil- 
tom,  to  (land  about  twenty  five  or  tliiny 
paces  Irom  that  prince  at  his  firll  coniiDg 
in.  If  the  king  has  a  particular  kindnelitor 
the  nation  iuih  perlon  belongs  to,  he 
perhaps  will  allow  him  to  come  within  ten 
paces  of  him  ;  and  wlutevi  r  the  hirij.t-jit 
lias  to  projKife,  mud  be  firll  told  to  the 
three  chief  minifters  of  (late  before  men- 
tioned, who  conltantly  wait,  and  are  prelent 
at  thole  audiences.  They  report  it  to  him, 
and  bring  aniwer  ;  going  thus  continually 
to  and  from  him  :  but  no  body  being  ptr- 
mittcd,befides  them,  to  approach  the  prince, 
we  do  not  know  whether  they  ileliver  the 
propofals  or  petitiojis  ol  toreignert  tairly, 
nor  whether  they  return  his  true  aniwcr. 
Next,  the  Euro/ ean'i  prelents,  confillingof 
fome  filk  garment  or  night-gown,  are  pre- 
fented  to  him,  covered  with  mats,  accord- 
ing to  their  cullom  ;  and  behind  and  before 
the  prelents,  (everal  men  march  with  white 
(laves,  denoting  their  office,  in  their  hands, 
to  nuke  way  ior  them  ;  and  if  any  perfon 

Qioiild 


Book  IV.  I  Chap.  7-  ^^^ft^  <  South-Guinea. 


ill*  ^rinct- 
e,    all  u\ 

hrmfdvfi 
rcvcliinn  , 
trofn  IjK 
is  i'kils  III 
:all,wiiu.U 
uii  .iccU- 

\iKM  iboiil 

■niuiiy,  lie 
lie  tanojjy, 
'I'  ihc  peo- 
ns to  iliiir 

DIDL'  ill   tlkC 

,  4iul  tk 
Ml  in  l|)Kn- 
iii|;  (...luliiig 

OH'Vunc   lu 

;  V  wliicli  Ik 

in  iniu.uuiU 

in;.;    is    Ic  II 

ull  pulLbL- 


jivcs  to  TiMiw 
nmander^  oi 


371 

(houUl  not  ft.iml  out  of  tlvir  w.»y  when  or-         Alter  thig,  the  tiut  ininift<r«  tike  carttonAM.nr. 

ilfnd,  he  wouIiIIk  very  willlx-ULen  i  wlurh  inform  the  jKrlon,  who  is  by  nnht  to  (lic-^^^< 

(h«y  l.iy  i»  i>r4dtlcd,  to  prevent  |>oiluning  ^evd  in   the  ruynl  dignity  \    witu  iminctli- 

(jfthc  kiiigVi  ii^uls  or  murdering  him.  ;ittty  repairn  to  tlw  burial-place  o>  tk-Ute 

The  iirilcnt»  .ue    never    Ihowtd  to  the  kiny,  aiul  iMiifinj^  tlie   pit  tol»c  will  Ihut 

kii^,  till  alter  the  foreigner  i*  withdrawn-,  up  with  the  llonc,  orders  .»hiind.intc  o\  x\\ 

I'o  tlut  wc  do  not  know,   whether  he  liked  Ions  nl  meat  to  be   roiflml  on  ir,  to  halt 

them  or  nut,  but  by  tlu:  report  ot  the  great  all  tlu  iieopic,  and  to  rxprels  hi)  ratisladion 

oiHiers.  'or  tin  ir  readiiurs  to  rcieive  iiim  to  (it  on 

tlie  ihioni'  i)t  the  ilrci  .iji'd. 
Burial  of  KiKOs.  The  iicoplc  having  thus  eitin  and  drank 

Till'. Y  lay,  tluit  as  loon  a«  a  kin(.^  of  pttntilully,    run  nil  about  the  city  in  the 
li  iiiH  expires. 


pires,  tlie  cullom  is  todi^a  night-iime,  c  ^Miitiing  alumdanie  ot  Out- 
rages Jnd  evi.i  killing  linie  jxrirns  they 
meet  With,  »li()|>pii;(;  oil  ilicit  liiuls,  and 
bnIlgill^^  their  i.()r|>s  to  tiie  lite  king's  buri.d- 
pl.ue,  tor*  prelent  to  him,  to  |i..-  tliiown 
into  the  pit,  with  th;  girnnnis,  houlholJ 
goiKb,  and  liceju')  ot  tlu.  priionslo  kill'd. 


very  l.irge  pit  in  the  ground  at  th  ■  palarr, 

and  lo  dei  p,  ih.it  (unu  timei  the  workmen 

,irc  in  daiit;rr  of   being   drowned,     ny  the 

great  iiu.wuay  of  water.      1  his  pit  is  v\i  |e  at 

the  Inrttom,  and  V(  ry  narrow  ,dx)ve.    Th'  y 

let  down  tliC  royal  eorp'.,  ami  then  hii  moil 

bi  loved  domi  lluks,  oiboth  I'cxes  e.irntiUy 

beg  to  b-:  allowed  tl'.e  tivoar  o(  going  into 

ii,  to  wait  ,m  1  attend   on  tlnir  mailer    in 

the  otlii  r  life  •,    but  iliis  honour  is  granted 

only  toth:  bJl  ciualifiL'd  amon;^  thein,  and 

tiiolet!K'di..cakdUin;',leeiiKdtobt  molllond 

of,  which  otcen  oecafions  great  murmunngb 
.,,,*„.  and  ililVenfions  among  tlum.     'I  he  perl  on  ■> 

.,'.('  allowed    liic  preference  ot    Accompanying    tellament  fccret,  till  alter  his  deeeale ;  the 
'•'■'■'    their  royal   mailer  in  his  ;;rave,  being  let     piir[>t>rt  ot  itbeing  to  attjuaint  him,  which 

ilown  into  the  pit,  they  llmt  up  the  mouth    of  iiis  fons  he   will  h  ive    to  fueceed  him 


En-  riiROKiNo  of  •!  KiNc. 
TT  1 1 1'".  ufual  manmr  of  enthroning  anew 
*     km;',  is  as  lullow^. 

When  theiri;rjnn;r  l^jnyr  fuuK  liimfelt'dy-fn/frrf/- 
inji,,  he    lends  lor  (he  ()ii,g:vi,  one  ot  his"""'- 
(hiet  minillers,  wlioin  he  commands,  ui)on 
pain   ot   if  ath,    to   keep  his    l,i(t  will  and 


with  a  large  llone,  in  tlie  piefenee  ot  a 
multitude  ot  people,  waiting  there  day  and 
iiiglit.  The  next  morning  they  rejiu>\e  ihc 
(lone,  and  (i)mc  prop.r  oti'ncrs  uik  thole 
peri'ons  who  weit  jut  in  the  ilay  tietore, 
whether  they  have  touii'l  the  king.     It  they 


in  the  government.  VVIvi-n  the  king  expires, 
tlut  minilUr  immediately  tikes  into  his 
cullody  all  his  trrnluro  .nd  cll'eCf^,  and  re- 
ceives the  homage  ot  .ill  his  Ions,  they 
Ix-'ing  on  thr>  knees,  each  of  them  Itudying 
how  to  honour  him,  l>cing  uncertain  which 


anfwcr,  the  pit  is  again  Unit  up,  andoprn'd     (>t  them   he  is  orderM,  by  their  decealed 
a-new  the  day   tbllowinii;,  to  put  the  tame    (aiher,  to  fei  on  the  throne  j  hut  it  is  com- 


uutllion  1  which  is  anfweietl  by  lU' li  as  are 
Hill  living  in  the  pit,  who  alio  name  huh 
of  tli'ir  companions  ,is  are  .ilready  <.\c.u\. 
In  fliort,  this  llrange  fintallical  ceremony 
Lifts  fometimes  five  orlixdays-,  .ind  evejy 


moiily  the  m  tliod  ol  that  minilter,  fo  to 
behave  himlell  with  them  all  during.';  the 
interregnum,  as  to  lliow  no  mure  favour 
and  re;^!;ard  to  the  one  than  lothe  otiur. 

'i'he  tim  ■  approaching   to  pro'laim  thec;»-M/»fljr 


day  they  put  the  fame  quellum  to  the  men     mw  king,  the  Oiw-jcu  fends  lor  Jie  great '''•'"'"'f 
let  down  into  the  pit,  till  they  being  ail  ilead     niarllial  of  the  crown,   who,  as  Coon  .u  he'"  ■'"^"'' 


ccnv's  into  his  iMeUnio,  all^s  wli.it  he  defires 
of  him  i  .md  being  told  by  the  Oiii't^vja, 
what  the  late  king  commanded  him  to  ob- 
iVrve  concerning  his  fueceflor,  the  great  mar- 
Ihal  caules  the  Oiiea^iia  to  repeat  the  fame 
five  or  fix  limes;  after  which  he  return.s 
home,  and  there  confines  himfelt,  without 


with  hunger  .md  mid,  no  anfwer  is  i>.turi'.ei 
When  that  is  made  publiek,  the  peoi'le 
fncnd  all  their  rhetoritk  in  the  praifes  and 
encomiums  ot  thofe  perlons,  who  have  been 
fo  happily  tliltinguiflied  from  all  others, 
as  to  wilt  for  ever  on  the  deeealed  prince. 
This  inhuman  pr.idiee  of  depofiting  living 
perlons  in  the  gr.ives  or  fepulchres  ot  the  declaring  to  any  perlon,  what  t\\.- Oiicgw^ 
deceafed,  was  formerly  in  ule  at  i'/.  i)e»ji/;^»,  has  revealed  to  him  ot  the  late  king's  in - 
near  'Jamaica  ;  where,    when  any  of  their    tentions. 

Caaques,  tlut  is,  chiefs  or  governors  died,  Dining  tlut  time  the  One^wa  fends  foi 
they  put  down  into  his  gr.ive  teveral  living  the  late  king's  Ion,  who  w.is  propofcd  by 
women,  to  lerve  and  wait  on  him  in  tlic  him  to  (ucceed  in  the  throne,  orders  him 
other  world,  /ll  xandtr  ah  jlUxaiidro  rcporzi,  imn-jcdiately  to  wait  on  the  great  marfhai, 
that  before  the  laws  of  the  twelve  tables  at  his  houfe,  and  defire  he  would  be  pKafed 
were  brought  to  Rome,  the  Roinaiu  buried  to  give  a  king  to  the  (late  -,  attcr  which,  the 
their  dead  in  their  lioufes,  in  large  calks,  prince  returns  to  the  palace,  as  the  great 
and  other  veircls,  which  gave  birth  to  the  mar Ihal  orders.  Five  or  (ix  d.iys  alter,  the 
goUsZ-flr«,  marlhal  comes  to  the  palace  to  confer  far- 

ther 


y^M  '1 


,    'Im 


,'  li 


'    ;:  !   1  Mi 


!■  ■'  i  ■•'.   ■■'•f'L  . 

'III  If  «ni  i-f-lg 
l.'.iKl.Klllii*.-! 


172^. 


A  Defcription  of  the  Book  IV.   I  ^"*^' 


Ykt  kmg 
tothrm'i. 


m0m 


iPn.,<r ;,!,.'  ji 


"    (.Hi    ■ 


BARBOT.ffier  with  the  Om^pa,  about  proclaiming 
'•^('^^the  new  king ;  and  after  having  caufed  him 
again  to  repeat,  which  of  the  late  king's 
Ions  is  appointed  by  him,  to  be  inaugurated  i 
at  laft,  afking  him,  if  he  does  not  miftake 
the  name  of  that  fon,  and  the  other  perfifl- 
ing  in  his  faying,  they  both  fend  for  the 
young  prince,  whom  tiiey  bid  to  kneel 
down,  and  in  that  pofture  declare  to  him 
the  will  of  his  father.  The  young  prince  re- 
turning thanks  to  them  for  their  fidelity  in 
the  difcharge  of  their  truft,  rifes  up,  and 
immediately  is  drefled  in  the  proper  habit 
for  the  ceremony  of  his  inauguration  -,  pro- 
claimed king  of  Benin  accordingly,  and  in- 
vtfted  with  all  the  prerogatives  of  royal 
autiiority:  after  which,  all  the  miniftcrs  of 
ftate,  and  perfons  of  quality,  come  and  pay 
their  homages,and  after  them  all  the  people, 
every  oiicwifhing  him  a  profperous  reign. 

When  thus  inaugur.ited,  the  new  king 
ufually  retires  to  the  village  Oofehof,  not  tar 
from  O.do,  the  metropolis,  there  to  keep 
his  court,  till  he  be  of  age  to  govern  ;  the 
queen-mother,  the  Oncgtia,  and  great  mar- 
(hal,  being  regents  inOiv/atill  that  time. 

The  new  king  being  at  age,  the  great 
inirfhal  fetches  him  from  Oojeboe  ;  he  takes 
poffefllon  of  tlie  government,  fettles  his  refi- 
dence  in  the  palace  ;  and  after  the  manner 
r}r!iTij,hijo(theOltomtins,  caufts  ail  his  brothers,  and 
trxitrt.  fuch  Other  perfons  as  are  fufpicious  to  him, 
to  be  put  to  death  :  or  if  any  efcapes  it  at 
that  time,  by  abfconding,  orotherwife,  he 
will  fooner  or  later  be  facrificcd,  to  the 
jealoufy  of  the  new  king:  und  the  very 
children  of  thofe  unfortunate  perfons  are 
ufed  as  their  fathers  ;  but  all  of  them  bu- 
ried with  great  pomp.  The  manner  of  fa- 
crificing  fuch  ftate  viftims,  is  to  fill  their 
mouth  and  ears  with  rags,  ami  fuffocate 
them,  bei-aufe  the  law  forbids  fpilling  the 
royal  blood. 

The  kings  of  Benin  celebrate  anniverfa- 
ries,  in  honour  of  their  predeceflbrs,  and 
then  commonly  ficrifice  a  great  number  of 
bcafts,  and  men  to  them  ;  but  thofe  men 
are  commonly  malefiftorsfentenced  to  death, 
and  kept  for  thofe  folemnities.  When  it 
happens  that  there  are  not  five  and  twenty 
of  them,  which  is  the  fix'd  number  or- 
dained to  be  fiaughter'd  on  fuch  an  occa- 
fion,  the  king  orders  his  officers  to  go  in 
the  night-time  about  the  (freets  of  Oedo,  to 
feize  on  all  fuch  perfons  inditTerently,  as 
they  chance  to  meet  carrying  no  light,  and 
to  fecure  them. 

If  the  perfons  fo  feized  are  rich  in  Boejii's, 
they  are  commonly  allowed  to  redeem  their 
lives  ■,  but  if  they  are  too  poor,  they  are 
made  a  facrifice  on  the  day  of  the  folem- 
pity.  The  flaves  of  confiderable  men  and 
officers,  thus  feized,  may  alfo  be  redcem'd 


by  their  mailers  putting  other  (laves  of  Icfs 
value  in  their  place, 

Thisftrange  way  of  feizing  on  men  indif- 
ferently in  the  night-time,  turns  to  a  confi- 
derable advantage  to  the  priefts,  it  being 
their  proper  province  to  rcdeein  from  lieath 
the  perfons  thus  taken  -,  and  they  make  the 
people  believe,  tiiat  tliofe  who  are  lb  re- 
ileem'd  have  been  I'acrifited  privately. 

Musical   Instri'mevts. 

TP  HEIR  mufical  inftrumcnts  chiefly 
*■  confift  in  large  and  ("'Viall  drums,  not 
very  different  from  thole  made  ufe  of  at  the 
(loU-Coaft,  being  (hapcd  like  them,  and  ro- 
ver'd  with  fl<ins  of  beafts,  and  beaten  in  the 
fame  manner.  They  h.ivc  bcfides,  a  fort  of 
iron  hells,  on  which  they  play  :  as  alio  ca- 
labafhes  hung  round  with  Borju-s,  which 
lervethem  inllead  of  caftagnets ;  all  which 
together  afford  a  difagreeable  and  jariin"- 
found. 

They  have  iuinther  inttrumcnt,  which, 
by  its  form,  m.iy  be  calleit  a  fort  of  harp; 
being  llrung  witii  fix  or  llv  ncviended  reeds, 
on  which  they  play  very  artfully,  fing 
finely,  and  dance  fojallly  to  the  tune,  tint 
it  is  agreeably  diverting  to  fee  it  ■■,  and  really 
the  Benin  Blocks  are  the  b-ll  dancers  of  all 
the  Guineans  ;  or  if  any  of  thofe  can  be  ac- 
counted to  come  fomewhat  near  them,  in 
point  of  dancing,  it  muft  be  the  peo,^lc  of 
Jxim,  when  they  celebrate  the  annual  feaft, 
of  driving  out  the  devil  i  but  ftill  they  are 
much  fhort  of  the  natives  of  Benin. 

Here  few  or  none  areaddifled  to  gaming, 
for  they  know  no  other  games  than  thole 
pl.iy'd  with  beans,  only  for  diverfion  and 
p.irfime,  but  never  for  money. 

Punishment. 

A  S  for  adultery,  if  a  man  and  a  woman  ^m*^ 
■^  of  any  quality  be  furpriz'd  in  the  aft,'-wf«. 
they  kill  both,  on  the  very  fpot,  their  dead '''''"'' 
bodies  are  thrown  on  thedunghil,  and  left 
there  for  prey  to  wild  beafls. 

Sometimes  the  woman's  relations,  to  pre- 
vent the  difhonour  of  their  family,  prevail 
with  the  injur'd  huiband.  By  means  of  a 
large  fum  of  Boejiei,  to  keep  her  ftill  as  his 
wife  ;  and  then  fhe  pafles  for  a  virtuous 
woman,  as  before  the  crim^  committed, 
both  with  her  hulb.ind,  and  amongit  all 
her  neighbours. 

Among  the  commonalty,  if  a  man  is  fuf- 
picious of  the  levity  of  any  of  his  wives, 
he  feeks  all  opportunities  to  furprize  her 
in  the  faft  ;  and  if  he  fuccceds,  by  the  laws 
of  the  country,  he  is  entitled  to  all  the  goods 
and  eftedls  of  the  gallant,  which  he  leizes 
immediately,  and  ufes  as  his  own.  The 
adulterous  wife  is  either  ftoutly  beaten,  or 
turned  out  of  his  houfe,    deftitute  of  all 

things 


Chap.  7- 


Coafts  of  South-Guinea. 


37? 


tilings  to  maiT-ain  her ;  and  fcltlom  or  never 
any  man  offers  to  marry  women  (o  di- 
vorced :  but  they  commonly  retire  to  ano- 
ther place,  remote  from  their  liufb.inds,  and 
there  pafs  for  widows,  and  thus  may  chance 
to  get  hufbands  again  -,  or  if  they  mifs  of 
their  aim  that  way,  they  commonly  fet  up 
for  publick  harlots,  to  get  a  livelihood. 

The  feverity  of  the  law  in  Benin  againfl: 
adultery,  among  all  the  orders  of  people, 
deters  them  from  venturing  i  fo  that  it  is 
but  vtry  feldom  any  perfons  arc  puniflied 
for  that  crime. 
,„j.,  The  moft  ufual  way  of  executing  perfons 
,.,.imi-  judicially  fentenccd  to  death  for  fome  capital 
""  crime,  as  murder,  isc.  is  to  bind  the  crimi- 
nal's hands  to  his  back,  to  cover  his  eyes 
with  a  piece  of  ftuft'  or  linen,  and  fo  put 
him  into  the  hands  of  the  publick  execu- 
tioner, who  caufes  him  to  lift  up  his  arms 
ab  high,  and  to  Hoop  down  his  head  as  low 
as  he  can  pofTible  •,  and  thus,  chops  off  his 
jicad  very  dexteroufly :  which  clone,  he 
qijartirs  thebody,and  throws  it  on  the  dung- 
hil,  expol'ed  to  the  ravenous  bealts,  and  ef- 
pccially  to  a  fort  of  large  birds  of  prey, 
which  love  carrion,  and  are  fo  much  re- 
garded by  the  natives  of  Benin,  that  they 
not  only  carefully  avoid  hurting  them,  but 
on  the  contrary,  conltantly  lay  down  pro- 
vilions  for  them  in  places  appointed  for  that 
piirpole. 
,,,..  fj,  If  the  king's  fon  murders  a  man  wilfully, 
,'"-i-tl  thev  lead  him  under  a  Itrong  guard  to  the 
frontiers,  and  there  put  the  lentence  in  exe- 
cution, in  the  fame  manner  as  above  recited  j 
for  there  being  no  more  heard  of  him,  it  is 
more  probable,  that  they  At  him  there  to 
death,  than  to  think,  as  the  commonalty 
of  the  Blacks  do,  that  he  is  convty'd  into 
foreign  countries  in  pfrpLtual  exile. 

n  a  man  accidentally  kills  another,  fo  a;, 
the  dead  has  not  bled,  the  offender  m.iy  re- 
deem himfelf  from  the  punilhment  of  the 
law,  by  being  at  all  the  expences  of  the 
biuial  of  the  murder'd  perfon,  and  giving  a 
Have  to  be  jnit  to  death  in  his  place,  after 
he  has  touched,  on  his  knees,  with  his  fore- 
head, the  doom'd  flave,  juft  as  he  is  exe- 
cuted -,  and  to  pay  a  large  fum  of  money  to 
the  governors :  all  this  thus  perform'd,  the 
offender  is  free,  and  the  relations  of  the 
pcrlbn  kill'd  muff  reft  contented  with  this 
atonement  for  the  crime,  whether  they  like 
it  or  not. 

As  to  thefr,  which  is  feldom  heard  of 
there,  the  natives,  as  I  have  hinted  betbre, 
not  being  addidled  to  it  ■,  if  the  thief  be  taken 
in  the  fact,  ftealing  any  private  perfon's  ef- 
fcttb  or  goods,  he  is  not  only  obliged  to 
the  total  reftitution  of  whatever  he  has 
ftolen,  but  likewife  to  pay  a  fine  in  money, 
if  he  is  able  ;  and  if  not,  he  is  well  beaten. 
But  a  robbery  committed  on  any  one  who 
Vol.  V. 


V.n- 


It'iji 


is  entrufted  with  government,  is   puniflied  RAunor. 
with  death,  and  therefore  is  very  rare.  ^yV\i 

All   other  crimes  are  ator.abic  by  fines,  p;,,,^ 
proportionable   to  the  ability  of  perfons; 
but  ,ic  who  has  no  money,  is  liable  to  cor- 
poral puuifliment. 

Several  Trials. 
pErfons  acculed  of  crimes  which  are  not 
clearly  proved  by  evidences,  are  obliged 
to  purge  themfelves  by  four  levcral  forts  of 
trials  for  flight  offences,  or  in  civil  caules. 

The  firft  trial  is  to  carry  the  accufedper-FiV/j/rw/. 
fon  to  the  prieft,  who  greafes  a  cock's 
feather,  and  therewith  pierces  his  tongue. 
It  it  paffes  eafily,  they  account  him  innocent, 
and  the  vvound  will  foon  clofe  and  heal  up, 
without  pain:  butjf,  on  the  contrary,  the 
quill  remains  fticki'ng  in  the  tongue,  they 
conclude  him  guilty  of  the  accufation. 

The  fecond  trial  is,  that  the  prieft  takciThefeeimJ. 
an  oblong  clod  of  earth,  in  which  he  fficks 
either  nine  or  feven  rock's  quills,  which  the 
accufcd  perfor  is  to  draw  out  fucceffivcly  ; 
if  the  quills  come  out  eafily,  he  is  .-cquicted, 
if  on  the  contrary  they  ftick  faft,  he  is  re- 
puted guilty  of  the  indiftmenr. 

The  third  trial  is  made  by  fpurting  thcriMA/W. 
juice  of  certain  green  herbs  into  the  eyes  of 
the  accufed  perfon  :  if  it  doth  not  hurt  him, 
he  is  abfolved  ;  but  if  it  caufes  the  eyes  to 
turn  red,  and  enflames  thein,  he  is  dealt  with 
as  convifted. 

The  fourth  trial  is,  that  the  prieft  ftrokesj/„A„„/,. 
the  accufed  three  times  over  the  tongue  with 
a  red-hot  copper  arm-ring  ;    if  it  docs  not 
burn  him,  he  is  difcharged;  if  it  does,  he  is 
reputed  gu'lty. 

It  is  cafy  enough  to  infer  from  the  nature 
of  fuch  trials,  left  to  the  dileretion  of  co- 
vetous prii  II,-.,  greedy  of  inon.y,  how  few  > 
can  well  avoid  bi  ing  tbiiiul  {^uikv,  and  eoii- 
fequi.ntly  being  liable  to  be  fined  at  dil- 
cretion. 

The  trial  for  high  crimes  is  only  allowed 
tc  pcrfon^  of  diftindtion,  and  by  fpecial  order 
from  the  king  •,  but  it  happens  \ery  felJom, 
and  is  reported  to  be  managed  after  this 
manner. 

The  perfon  accufed  lia-ing  petitioned  thcj-^j-^^^r 
prince  fo  be  allowed  to  clear  himfelf  of  WifgrrAtpir- 
indidment,  and  it  being  granted,  is  con-/"'". 
dufted  to  a  certain  river,  to  which  the  na- 
tives of  Beiiiri  afcribe  the  ridiculous  piopcrty 
of  gently  wafting  innocent  perlbns  plunged 
in  it  fate  .ifliore,  tho'  never  lo  unll.ill'd  in 
fwimming;  and  of  finking  guilty  perfons 
to  the  bottom,  tho'  never  fo  good  Iwimnicrs, 
and  ufing  all  poffible  means,  by  that  ait, 
togiin  the  land,  it  all  proves  vain,  andonly 
renders  their  death  the  more  paint  d  :  fjr 
the  water  of  the  river,  fay  they,  up:)n  catt- 
ing in  of  a  crimiiial,  tho'  before  very  ftill, 
immediately  rifes,  and  continues  as  turbulent 
5  C  as 


mm 


J     ,■! 


i  'k  V 


^4 


ttJ 


si' ;.!! 


1*  ■   '  Iw.i      .  -  •   '     « 


!:;    i^ 


374 


^  Defcription  of  the 


BARBoT.as    a  whirl-pool,    till    the    malefaftor    is 
V^VNJ  drowned  and  gone  to  the  bottom  ;    and 
then  returns  to  its  former  calmnefs.  What  can 
be  more  ablurd  than  this  ? 

The  fines  impofed  for  the  above-mention'd 
oRenccs,  either  civil  or  criminal,  are  com- 
monly liivided  among  the  jufticcs,  governors 
and  prieib,  who  take  care  the  king  ihall  re- 
ceive as  little  of  them  ;is  is  pofTible,  he  be- 
ing feidom  informed  of  any  caufes  or  trials  ; 
and  his  three  chief  minilters  of  ttate  either 
content  themfel  vcs  with  what  fliare  the  others 
arc  pleafed  to  fend  them,  or  if  they  think  it 
not  competent  to  the  nature  of  the  offences, 
fend  it  back  to  thofe  inferior  juftices  and 
governors,  telling  them,  in  the  king's  name, 
the  fines  are  too  fmall,  and  fixing  what  they 
mull  be  -,  whereupon  they  will  perhaps  fend 
up  again  to  the  three  minilters  of  ftate double 
the  former  value,  for  '"ear  of  falling  under 
their  lalh,  who  would  not  fail  to  ilo  them 
feme  ill  office. 

As  for  fines  on  account  of  robberies, 
the  perfon  injured  is  firft  fitisficd  out  ol 
them,  ami  t lien  the  governors,  and  the  chief 
minilters  have  their  Ihares. 

Religion. 
'TT  O  come  to  the  religion  in  Ber:in,  it  is 

'■  fo  abfurd  and  perplexed,  that  it  will 
be  a  very  difficult  talk  to  give  a  jull  idea 
tliereof. 

It  might  feem  rational  to  believe,  that 
tiiis  nation  being  fonear  neighbour  to  Ardni 
and  Fida,  fliould  have  much  the  fame  tenets 
and  worfnip  with  them  •,  however,  they  dif- 
fer very  much  in  feveral  particulars,  tho* 
not  in  the  main,  being  no  lefs  grofs,  abfurd 
and  fiiperltitious  pagans;  as  will  appear  by 
what  lollows.  . 
tiotie*  «/  They  form  to  thcmfelvcs  a  notion  of  an 
(.>/  invifible  fuprcme  deity,  called  Or^.V,  which 
they  own  created  heaven  and  earth,  and 
maintains  and  governs  them  abiblutely  •, 
and  being  invifible,  cannot  be  reprefcnted, 
under  any  form  or  figure  whatfoever ;  nor 
isit  to  be  worfliippedor  ferved  diredly,  be- 
caufe  it  is  a  being  always  doing  good  innu- 
jjr^^^jj  /•  msrable  ways.  Whereas,  on  the  contrary, 
tUtdtvU.  the  d.'vil,  horn  they  alio  look  upon  as  a 
deity  of  great  authority,  but  naturally  very 
hurtful  to  human  race,  is  to  be  appealed  and 
rendered  lefs  mifchicvous  by  continual  of- 
ferings, and  other  religious  praftices,  and 
therefore  they  think  they  mull  lacrifice  to 
him,  not  only  bealls,  but  human  creatures, 
to  fitiate  the  third  he  has  for  blood.  So  that 
it  may  well  be  faid  of  the  people  of  Benin 
in  general,  that  they  worlhip  both  God  and 
devil. 
ituhiiuJi  f  r-im  ihefe  abfurd  erroneous  notions  of  the 
tfuitli.  fu|"  '.nc  true  God,  is  fprung  another,  no  lefs 
inj'irioas  to  tk  deity  ;  which  is,  to  imagine 
an  mnumerable  number  of  other  divine  be- 


Book  Iv. 


ings,  which  they  fet  up  in  human  and  bru- 
tal images,  as  elephant's  teeth,  claws,  dead 
men's  heads,  fkeletons,  and  every  other  thina 
that  fecms  extraordinary  in  natun,  for  idol 
gods,  and  fo  worlhip  and  offer  facrifices  to 
them  according  to  their  deluded  fancies 
every  man  there  being  his  own  fpiritual 
guide,  and  even  facrificer :  and  thence  it  is 
they  have  fuch  multitudes  of  idols,  notwith- 
Ilanding  they  have  alio  eftablilhed  priells, 
as  has  been  obferved  before,  to  perform  the 
religious  lervices  upon  fome  publick  national 
occafions. 

The  devil  is  not  rcprefented  among  them 
by  any  particular  figure,  or  dlllinguilhed 
from  their  idol-gods,  any  otherwili;  than  in 
their  intention  only  •,  for  thro'  tlie  very  lame 
idols  they  fumctimes  make  ollerings  to  God, 
and  fometimes  to  the  devil,  witii  whom  they 
think  their  priells  have  a  frequent  commu- 
nication, and  that  he  renders  them  well 
fkilled  in  necromancy, 

livery  man  has  his  peculiar  pried,  wirli 
whom  heaiivifes  in  all  religious  affairs,  iiow 
he  is  to  behave  himl'elf.and  ads  accordingly  ; 
efpecially  when  to  undertake  a  journey,  or 
any  other  matter  of  moment,  they  defire 
the  prielt  to  enquire  of  tiie  devil  wiiat  the 
fuccels  thereof  will  be  ;  and  in  this  cafe  the 
prielt  puts  the  queltions  much  after  the  fame 
manner,  as  thofe  o\  Ardra  ufe  to  do  on  the 
like  occafions. 

Thus  the  prieds  gain  much  credit  among 
the  blind  deluded  people,  and  lead  them, 
atpleafure,  in  all  vain  grofs  errors,  moukl-j^..,,.,. 
ing  and  framing  idols  to  their  feveral  ufes, 
as  they  think  luitable  to  their  own  irtcrell, 
either  out  of  pieces  of  timber  or  herbs,  of 
other  tralh  worked  together  ;  whicii,  wlun 
they  have  formally  confecrated,  the  dupid 
natives  fondly  keep  as  facrcd  treafure,  and 
attribute  to  them  infinite  virtues,  to  help 
and  affirt  them  upon  all  emergencies-,  which 
every  boiiy  there  firmly  believes  they  are 
able  to  ilo,  anti  therefore  their  houlcs  are 
full  of  fuch  idols.  Befides  which,  there  are 
alfo  feveral  huts  erefted  without  doors, 
which  are  likowife  filled  with  them,  and 
thither  they  fometimes  repair  to  facriHce. 

The  daily  offerings  they  make  to  their 
idols,  are  only  a  few  boiled  yams,  mixt  wiiii 
palm-oil,  which  they  lay  before  them  ■,  but 
when  they  are  advifed  to  offer  a  cock,  the 
idol  has  nothing  for  himfelf  but  the  blood 
of  the  vidim,  and  they  eat  the  flefli  of  it. 

Perfons  of  high  rank  ul'c  to  celebrate  an 
annual  fead  to  their  idols,  which  they  per- 
form with  great  Hate  and  expence,  both  for 
the  great  number  of  all  forts  of  cattle  and 
llieep  they  caufe  to  be  facrificed,  and  for 
entertaining  anei  fe;Mling  the  people  invited 
to  fuch  folemnities,  and  difmiffing  them  again 
with  prefentb  very  honourably,  as  being  all 
Very  generous  m  that  rcfpedl. 

The 


•i| 


BooKlV.  I   Chap.  7-  Coafts  0/ South-Guinea. 


n  and  bru- 
;law9,  dead 
other  thing 
n,  for  idol 
facrifices  to 
ied  fancies, 
vn  fpirituai 
i  thence  it  is 
Is,  notwith- 
hed  priefts, 
perform  the 
lick  national 

among  them 
Llirtinguidieii 
wile  than  in 
ihe  very  lame 
rings  toGoii, 
ii  whom  thuy 
uent  comniu- 
s    them  well 

•  firiefl",  witli 
s  affairs,  how 
accordingly  ; 
a  journey,  or 
,t,  ihcy  dcfire 
levil  what  the 
n  this  cafe  the 
after  tiie  lame 
c  to  do  on  the 

1  credit  among 
.nd  lead  tiiem, 
irrors,  mould- j,,,,-,, 
ir  feveral  ul'es, 
|r  own  irtereft, 
T  or  herbs,  of 
whicii,  wliin 
led,    the  ilupid 
treafure,  and 
hrtucs,  to  hdp 
l^encies-,  whicli 
ievcs  they  are 
licir  houfes  are 
lich,  there  are 
ithoiit  doors, 
ith  them,    and 
toiacrihce. 
mal^e  to  their 
lis,  mixt  will! 
.re  tliem  i  but 
;r  a  cock,  the 
but  the  blood 
1<;  tVdi  of  it. 

celebrate  an 

lich  they  per- 

■nce,  both  for 

Is  of  cattle  and 

ficed,  and  for 

people  invited 

"ingtheni  again 

as  being  all 

The 


37? 


jltfiihr  Tlic  natives  of  Bemn  have  all  a  fingular 
'.luriil.  veneration  for  the  lea,  and  ufe  to  fwear  by 
i:  in  matters  of  concern.  They  celebrate  a 
fe.ill  on  a  certain  appointed  day  in  the  year, 
that  it  may  prove  a  beneficent  deity  to  their 
country  at  all  times  •,  and  they  as  ridiculoudy 
imagine  the  ftate  of  blifs  or  torment  in  the 
other  life  will  be  in  the  fca.  We  read  in  the 
hiftory  of  the  Tucas  kings  of  Peru  in  South 
Jmiricii,  written  in  Spanijh  by  the  I'ma  Gar- 
c'.'.ajo  dd  hi  V''^a,  lib.  i.e.  i  o.  that  the  inha- 
bii.ints  of  the  coafts  of  Peru,  before  they 
came  to  be  governed  by  the  Tncas,  among 
that  multitude  of  natural  and  terreftrial  di- 
vinities there  honoured  in  general,  did  pay 
the  great',  II  veneration  to  the  lea,  as  the  moll 
pot'-ut  of  all  their  gods  -,  calling  it  in  their 
iJiom  M.inui:ocha,  i.  e.  my  mother :  to 
fif;iiify,  that  it  was  their  nurfe,  in  alTording 
filh  to  lupportthem  ;  and  did  alio  adore  the 
wh.dj  for  its  monftroiis  bignefs.  The  people 
(]|  Benin,  ill  great  concerns  Ibmeiimes  fwear 
by  tne  kiiic,'s  p-rfon. 

Molt  \w\\  there,  talk  much  of  the  appa- 
riiion  of  I'pirits  orgh.olls,  of  tiieir  dece.iled 
anccftors  or  kindred,  which  however  they 
fiy  happens  only  in  their  fleep,  when  thole 
ghulls  tome  to  charge  them  to  offer  this  or 
that  fatrifice  to  the  idols;  and  they  are  lb 
fond  of  this  vain  cffert  of  their  deluded 
fincies,  thatasfoonas  the  light  of  day  ap- 
pears they  immediately  perform  what  is 
enjoined  them  ;  and  if  unable  to  do  it,  rather 
than  fail,  they  borrow  of  others  •,  firmly 
believing  their  negled  would  infallibly 
draw  down  fome  judgment  upon  them  :  tho' 
when  fome  of  us  feoff  at  their  ftupidity  in 
tliis  particular,  they  are  very  ready  to  own 
thole  are  but  dreams  -,  but  then,  at  the  fame 
time,  add,  it  is  a  cullom  introduced  by  their 
aneellors,  which  has  been  pradifed  from 
gcmrarion  to  generation,  and  therefore  they 
are  obliged  to  follow  it. 
,;,^,  jf  They  imagine  the  fliadow  of  a  man, 
w;.  which  they  call  Pajfador,  a  Portuguefe  word, 
importing  a  thing  that  palTes  along,  fliall 
tertit'y  whether  he  has  lived  well  or  ill  ;  if 
well,  they  believe  that  man  fhall  be  inverted 
with  great  dignities  in  the  fea  •,  but  if  ill,  he 
is  to  perifh  there  in  mifery,  through  hun- 
ger and  poverty :  thus  affigning  the  Hime 
place  for  the  ftate  of  blifs  and  torment. 

It  is  alfo  the  cuftom  one  day  in  the  year, 
for  every  wealthy  pcrlbn  to  celebrate  a feaft 
nt  a  very  great  charge,  in  remembrance  of 
tlieir  decealed  anccftors  or  relations.  Bcfidcs 
which,  they  keep  mafiy  other  feftivals,  on 
feveral  accounts,  too  tedious  to  be  obfcrved-, 
among  which  is  the  tamous  one,  of  the  coral, 
ill  the  month  of  A-Z^iy,  at  which  the  king 
nffifls  in  perfon,  and  is  fo  expcnfive  to  him, 
as  h  IS  been  already  obferved. 

Tney  divide  time  into  yean,  months, 
weeks  and  days  i   each  of  which  has   its 


particular  name,    but  they  reckon    four-BARBor. 
teen  months  to  a  year.  v^^-y^^ 

To  conlude  this  account  of  the  religion 
in  Benitiy  it  is  an  inviolable  law,  that  no 
prieft  Ihall  ever  go  out  of  the  country  un- 
der very  high  fines,  and  even  pain  of  death, 
unL'fs  he  has  firft  obtained  leave  of  the 
king  :  and  they  are  more  particularly  ob- 
liged by  that  law  not  to  go  to  Oedo,  the 
capital  city  of  the  kingdom  :  which  feems 
very  ftrange,  confidering  the  great  refpetft 
both  king  and  fubjeds  pay  to  their  priefts. 

The  prieft  of  Loebo,  a  town  near  thiprUji 
mouth  of  the  river  Fcrmofa,  or  Benin  ri-  »'«<■''  '«• 
ver,  isefteemed,  and  very  famous  among*""'"' 
them,  for  his  intimate  familiarity  with  the 
devil,  and  for  being  an  eminent  magician  ; 
whole  prerogatives  are  fuch,  that  he  can  at 
his  will,  caufe  the  fea  either  to  .advance 
or  draw  b.ick,  and  foretel  the  moft  reinote 
events  ;  in  regard  whereof,  the  king  h.as  be- 
ftowed  on  him  and  his  heirs  for  ever,  :>il  the 
lands  of  the  territory  of  Loebo,  with  all  the 
fl.ives  that  were  therein  :  and  from  his  name 
the  town  was  called  Lcebo.  This  prieft  is 
counted  in  the  rank  of  their  chief  lacrificers, 
and  fo  dreaded  by  all  the  people,  that  none 
dares  come  near  him,  much  Jefs  to  touch  his 
hand,  the  king's  envoys  not  excepted. 

I  have  obferved  before,  that  thofe  people 
ufe  the  ceremony  of  circumcifion  in  men 
and  women,  as  rendring  them  much  bet- 
ter qualified  to  ferve  their  idols,  and  flir 
more  acceptable  to  the  deity  ;  and  thus  con- 
clude thcdefcription  of  thekingdom  oi Renin. 

It  remains  now,  to  give  a  fliort  .account 
of  the  adjacent  kingdoms  of  IJfaho,  Juboe 
and  Oedoha,  and  of  the  neighbouring  terri' 
tories,  which  all  are  lubjed  and  tributary 
to  the  government  of  Benin. 

IssAPo  Kingdom, 

Orders  at  th.e  weft  on  Benin ;  but  the 
natives  can  tell  us  no  more  of  it  than 
this,  that  it  abounds  in  horfes,  which  the 
natives  ufe  much  in  war.  And  not  many 
years  ago,  they  made  an  incurfion  into 
Benin  with  an  army  of  horfe,  thinking  toStrM»- 
have  gained  fome  confider.'ble  advantage,*""- 
by  fo  fudden  a  furprize ;  but  the  king 
of  Benin  having  had  timely  notice  of  their 
defign,  ordered  abundance  of  pits  to  be 
made  in  that  part  of  the  plain,  through 
which  they  were  of  necelTity  to  march, 
and  to  cover  them  over  fligluly  with  earth  ; 
and  when  the  IJf.ibo  cavalry  approached 
the  plain,  th6  Benin  men  feigning  to  give 
ground,  drew  them  eafily  into  the  fnare, 
which  caufed  a  terrible  flaughtcr  among 
them  i  the  Benin  army  giving  no  quarter 
but  only  to  fome  of  the  prime  men,  who 
engaged,  that  their  country  fhould  for  the 
future  be  oUiged  to  pay  an  annual  tribute. 


B 


I 


'•:  M 


•\\':'^\  ! 


it     !« 


♦■  ■;• 


'. 


ABOE 


376 


A  Dcfcription  of  the 


Book  IV. 


mm 


V^ 


^■^'yr*^  -r\  ]  l>,  SI",  kingdoms  join  lo  Hniin  on  tlic 
north-r.ill,  Imt  ilicrc  is   To  litilc  inicr- 
courli.-  Iictwtrii   I  he    ix-opli',    ili.it    wc   i.in 
Ic.iiii  notliinn  ot  ihcm,  Init  tli.iL    ilicy  arc 
botli  tributaries  to  thf   king  ot   Hrnni ;  ami 
tli.it  there  arc  oilier  kingdoms  i-.ilk-d  Gaioit 
;ind  Ijii^o,    lying  aboiit  t  iglii  ilays  journey 
above  Octio,  i)\ion  the  river  J''frmiii',i;  which 
to  the  northward  border  on  the  kingdom 
of  /j'.Vi,    a   very  ridi  louniry,    extending 
to  tiie  f^rrat  lake  Sigi/'m/'f,  where  the  Niger 
]n\\'\  its  name,   and  takes  that  of  /i.»,    or 
white  river,  •i!i,is  tiic  St-nri^rt,  as  has  been 
iiKiiiionM  l)elbre.  North  by  eafl  \(o\ViGabon, 
is  I  lie  kingdom  of  'I'ljiniiiii,    wliofc  iniiabi- 
tants  are    fiid  to  be    man-eaters,  cxtiiui- 
ing  to  tile  A'(ji7  }  beyond  whieh  river  is  the 
Kingdom  of  Ze^^^^i^,    being  a  part  of  the 
JH.iik)  coiMUiy  lying  between  Bilo  and  T,'- 
?.'/;,)V  on  the  (outh,  ami  C.ajfnta  on  the  well, 
ami  /i)   e.lled   from   its  metropolis  of    the 
fanii'  name  -,  on  the  eafl  of  which,  \s'/.,iii- 
j'va    or    Vharan.      The   above-mentioned 
kill!', '"'"   "'  (••il'i'ttt    is  faid  to  lie  rieh  in 
JHp,  r   and   llav^s  •,  and  beyond  Tdlli.ui,    is 
the  king,  ioni   of   Outii^.ira,    extending  to 
the  .V;;;r,    trom  whence  they  bring  gold, 
ii  na  and  Haves. 

We  arc  alio  toKl  of  another  kingdom 
called  Ruijia,  lying  to  tlie  eailward  of  &•- 
mi:;  whicii,  according  toi'ome  geographers, 


fivir. 


turn  round  the  Bif^hl  of  Cuinea,  or  gulph 
of  I'.tbiopid,  and  to  four  di  grees  of  Ibiith 
latitude,  whence  has  been  t.ikmtiie  name 
of  the  coaft  of  Binfra.  This  kingdom 
northward  borders  on  tliofe  of  Ifa^o  and 
Gahou  i  eaftwanl  it  extends  to  the  king- 
dom of  Medra\  weft  ward  to  thatof  fl,«/»^ 
and  louthward  to  that  of  Gabon,  lying  ^i 
a  '^ood  diftance  from  the  fca,  and  receives  the 
i.ame  from  its  metropolis,  which  ffiies  pla- 
CCS  in  fix  degrees  ten  minutes  of  north  la- 
titude. 

The  inhabitants  of  Biafra  arc  generally 
acidified  to  necromancy  and  witchcraft  above 
any  other  people  of  Guinea,  and  fondly  be- 
lieve, their  magicians  can  caufc  thunder, 
rain,  ami  high  winds,  at  their  pleafure.  Tluy 
are  very  grols  pagans,  of  a  wild  temiier,  and 
have  an  cxtraordin:.:y  veneration  lor  tl-.e 
devil,  whom  they  v  orfliip  and  feive  reli- 
gioufly,  all  the  ways  they  can  think  mcjil 
acceptable  •,  and  facrifueto  him  nor  only  .iri 
incredible  multitude  of  all  forts  of  biaj}. 
fruits,  tiV.  but  alio,  abundance  of  fl.iv.s 
and  even  their  own  ( iiildren. 

This  inhuman  pracJtice,  of  furifieing  not 
only  men,  but  even  their  own  fons  and 
danghiers,  to  the  devil,  i'.  not  peculiar  to 
iholc  (!i(ini\iiis  ;  for,  fome  ot  the  /'.',i//  and 
//>//-/;;,/w«j  do  t!ie  fame;  asall'o,  the  inha- 
bitants of  /,)/(,j,  in  /tfricl:,  as  hiltorians  re- 
late -,  ami  the  fame  wc  finti  in  iioly  writ. 


CHAP.    VIII. 

Of  (be  kingdom  of  Ouwcrc.  The  victropoUu  climate,  trade,  product  and 
tnitii-es.  TJ.W  king.  T'hc  religion.  'The  coaft  dejiribcd.  New  Calbarv. 
Tr.ule  of  Jla'vcs.  Rine,s  the  only  money.  Canoes.  St.  Domingo  river. 
Old  Calabar  riier.    Cxoods  itnportcd. 


IN  this  chapter,  I  lliall  Ipeak  of  the  king- 
dom ot  'Jim, -If  ox  I'orcailo,  and  of  the 
loall  from  lape  h'ermoui,  where  the  h'.tbio- 
fi.in  gulph,  or  bight  of  Guinea,  commences, 
to  the  river  of  in  w  Calabar  ox  Calbary. 

Situation. 
"Tr  H  l'"  kingdom  of  Ouwere  ox  Oveiro,  lies 
along  A'/o  l-'orciido,  which  falls  into  the 
ocean,  about  eiglitcen  Icagi'es  ibutli  fouth- 
eaftot  A';»  IWrnofa  ox  Renin  river-,  the  in- 
habitants were  by  the  ancients  called  Dnhiii 
yF.ibiopes.  The  river  I-'vreiUio  runs  down  from 
a  great  way  ui'  the  inland  to  the  north  north- 
eaft,with  many  wimiings,  and  is  in  molt  pl.ices 
nea r  t wo  F r.qlijl  m i  les  o\'er,efpecia 1 1  y  to \va ri  1  s 
thel'ea-coalV,  but  fo  fliallow,  that  it  is  navi- 
gable only  in  fniall  Nellels,  drawing  levui  or 
<ij',ht  toot  water.  The  banks  are  adorneil  with 
lovely  ranges  of  beautilul  trtcs,  which  ren- 
der the  profpefl  very  agreeable.  Ne.w  the 
mouth  of  it,  on  a  lift]  liver,  which  is  loll 
in  th  ■  /vr-ij,/',  is  the  village  /'t/Z^w,;,  inhabi- 
tcil  niollly  by  filliermcii. 


The  Metropouis. 
T^  II E  capital  town  Ouwcr-,  which  'Hves 
*  its  name  to  the  whole  country,  li«  on^'"'! 
the  river  Forcado,  about  thirty  fix  Or  leven  ""'' 
leagues  up,  from  its  mouth,  and  is  near  two 
milesabout,  being  encompafs'd  on  the  land- 
fide  with  groves  and  thickets,ihe  ordinary  re- 
fidenceof  the  kingot  Ouivere.  The  hoiifcs 
are  generally  pretty  line  and  neat,  for  a 
country  of  Blacis,  p.irticularly  thole  of  the 
jierfonsof  rank  and  wealth;  the  (hells  be,ng 
all  of  clay,  or  loam,  and  painted  red  o° 
grey,  and  the  roofs  covcr'd  witli  pilni- 
tre  leaves.  The  king's  palace  is  ndham 
near  fo  large  as  that  at  Oe.'.o  in  Hemn; 
but  in  all  other  relpccls  much  like  it  in 
form,  niateiials  and  diij  ofitioii. 

The  Climate. 
•ylll'  air  is  extnm.  ly  bad,  by  reafon 
ot  thr  contiiui.d  n'la  I ignant  vapours 
the  excefTive  heat  of  r!ie  IcorJ.iii,;  Inn  ex- 
hales from  Uv  ri'-r,  whic^  Ipread  over 
the  land,    and  occafioii  ..  ;j,rcat  i!)oitili,y 

aiuorg 


Book  IV. 

or  Rulph 
s  ot  Ibuth 

t'lu'  name 

kingiloni 

Ifiigo  and 

the  king- 
X  of  Beniti, 
,  lyiiiR  at 
receives  the 
1  flues  pla- 
it" north  la- 

c  generally 
icraft  above 
I  fondly  be- 
fe  thunder, 
lure.  Tlu-y 
teiiii)er,  and 
on  for  the 
d  fcrvo  reli- 
think  moll 
not  only  .m 
ts  of  bf.ills 
:c  of  flav.  s, 

critifing  not 
wn  fon'i  and 
|icmliar  to 
tlu'  /•'!/'  and 
fo,  tiie  inha- 
hiHoriins  rc- 
jly  writ. 


roJtiH  and 
w  Calbary. 
ingo  rwer. 


wliifh  gives g„, 
intry,  lies  on/,,,,,,. 

fix  or  Icvcn 
id  is  near  two 
onihe  land- 
ordinary  re- 
The  hoiifcs 
neat,  tor  a 
thofeot  the 

le  tlicllsbcing 

tinted  ri'd  or 
witli  p-iUn- 

LT  is  ni.ihing 
.'o 

■ich 

)n. 


like  it  in 


E. 

d,    by  leafon 

;iiant  v.ipours 
Ijn;;  (iiii  I'X- 
Iprcail   over 

real  nioitili'y 
anio'i^, 


Chap.  8.  Coafit  of  SoirTH-GtriNEA. 


577 


Inh'y 


among  the  crews  of  fuch  European  veiTeJs 
as  go  thither  to  trade  ;  but  more  efpe- 
cially  among  fiith  as  freauent  the  crofs  ri- 
vers th.u  fall  into  the  1-orcado,  or  arc  not 
very  careful  to  flic!ter  themfelves  from  th(; 
evening  mildew,  or  moon-fliine  \  and  ilo 
not  live  very  temperately  in  all  refpec^ts. 

the  T  R  A  D  E. 
»-p  1 1 V,  Poriu^iiejir,  and  next  them  the 
*■  Ilollandiri,  are  the /''«»e/f<i«j  that  trade 
moll  in  the  I'orcado :  their  c.irj;oes  are  com- 
posM  much  of  tiie  lame  fpecies  of /'.;(/ n/M/; 
coiiiinodities,  as  are  proper  for  the  Riiiin 
tr.uic  ;  and  they  ex|H)rt  from  thence  in  ex- 
ihan|;e  hilly  llrong  fl.ives,  much  better 
Ihajxd  than  we  have  tiiem  at  any  other 
parts  of  GV/;///-!-/ ;  but  this  place  will  not  at- 
lord  at  inolt  live  hundred  fuch  flaves  in  a 
whole  year.  They  alii)  purchale  lonie  ].\U 
pt-r-llones,  and  tome  .hccy;  iuit  ot  the 
latter  very  little  is  f;ot  there,  and  it  is  very 
fm.ill  and  exir.iordm.uy  dear  :  for  which 
realbn,  but  a  fmall  qu.iiuity  is  exported 
yearly. 

'I'lte  Poriugiiefe  were  the  firft  Europeam 
thai  traded  with  the  natives  of  Oinvere, 
who  not  being  then  accuUoiiied  lo  traffick, 
and  iinprovidul  with  good' ,  ■. '  "fe  Poriu^Uffe 
fet  up  liver.il  ol  them  as  liinhants  and  bro- 
kers, trullingthem  with  their  goods,  to 
carry  up  in  the  country  and  to  th^-  neigh- 
bouring nations,  to  tell  lor  them-,  but  the 
Dutch  in  [irogrels  of  time.  wiLh  much  diffi- 
culty have  broken  the  Blacks  from  that 
cullom,  and  brought  them  all  to  trade  tor 
ready  money,  in  & 2  European  liie'tories;  and 
even  ilie  women  come  thither  daily  to  buy 
and  lell  with  them,  and  are  all  very  courteous 
and  honell  in  their  dealings,  but  fomewhat 
irrelohite  and  tedious,  fpeniling  a  long  tiinc 
inconlidering  ami  refolving  on  the  price  of 
goods ;  which  when  once  agreed  on,  becomes 
gener.d,  andfiXed  for  all  the  people. 

The  country  is  not  very  feri'le  in  general, 
the  night-dew  being  mollly  very  thin,  which 
otttn  caufes  a  great  fcarcity  of  gral's  to  feed 
the  cattle  j  and  is  the  oecafion  that  they 
breeil  but  few, and  that  horles  are  not  plenty, 
as  in  Iniiiii,  and  the  countries  welt  and  north 
of  it. 

Product. 
pOultry  is  prodigious  plentiful  and  much 
*  larger  than  in  any  other  part  of  Guinea, 
which  the  natives  moiUy  feed  on.  They  have 
a  fjiecial  way  of  drctfing  thenii  for  when 
they  roalf  a  pullet  or  chicken,  they  com- 
monly bafte  it  with  its  own  dripping  beaten 
up  with  the  yolk  of  an  egg,  which  gives  it 
a  very  good  relilh,  and  makes  it  look  agree- 
able, when  taken  up  from  the  fire. 

They  have  ftorc  ot  palm-trees,  lemons, 
oranges,  and  Guinea  pepper,  or  maleguettat 

Vol.  V. 


and  an  infinite  number  of  banana  trees,  asBARBor. 
alio  of  magnoc  bufhes,    which  they  <•"">  j*;j^J^]|P' 
Mandi-hoka,    in  their  language ;  of  which 
they  make  the  Cajfal>a,  or  Eannba  de  Pa--, 
that  13  in  Portuguc/e,  wood-meal,    which    s 
the  bread  they  coinmonly  feed  on. 

Natives. 
IJOTH  men  and  women,  are  generally  ^'■'"/i' 
"  well  limbed  and  (haped  ;  cfpecially  the  *"""'• 
latter  are  very  agreeable  to  look  at,  and  both 
fexes  have  three  large  fears,  or  cuts  in  the 
face,  one  on  the  forehead,  exadtly  above 
the  nofe  j    the  two  others,  one  at  each  fide 
ot  the  eyes,    near  the  temples  -,   and  wear 
their  hairs,  either  long  or  Ihort,  as  every  one 
pleales. 

They  ate  generally  more  induftiiousthanC/cfA. 
the  Jleniii  Blacks,  and  nothing  inferior  to 
them  in  ne.itnefs  of  iliels  ;  their  cloths  be- 
ing much  finer,  about  two  ells  long,  which 
they  wind  about  tiieir  brealls  and  llomach, 
hanging  down.  Some  of  them  are  made 
ol  cotton,  anil  others  of  bark,  llix  or 
weeds,  fpun  as  fine  as  filk,  dyed  of  kvcral 
colours^  and  wove  in  llripes  and  checkers, 
the  woof  hanging  out  at  each  end,  like  a 
fringe.  I  have  llill  half  a  dozen  of  them 
by  me.  Thofe  dotlu  yield  good  profit  at 
the  Gold-Coajl. 

Every  man  (here,    as  well  as  in    other  MX'"^^- 
parts  ot  Guinea,  may  have  as  many  wiv^s 
as  he  pleales  ;  but  when  he  dies,  all  the  wi- 
dows belong  to  the  king,  who  dilpofes  of 
vhem  as  at  Benin. 

The  King, 
IT^HO  fome  fay  is  tributary  to  him 
'^"  of  Benin,  i"  very  ablblutc,  and  go- 
verns much  after  the  fame  manner  as  the 
other.  He  that  reigned  in  1644,  was  a 
Mulatto,  bornof  aPur/«fw/i' woman,  mar- 
ried to  king  Mingo  ;  and  the  laid  prince 
was  called  Don  Antonio  Alingo,  He  always 
wore  the  Portngueje  habit,  and  a  fword  by 
his  fide. 


Religion. 

Erolla,  in  his  voyage  to  Congo,  informs 
us,  that  about  the   j-e.ir  1683,    two 


M 

capucin  minitters,    called  F.  Angela  Maria 
d'Aiaccio,    and   F.  Bonavi-nlura  di  Ftrenza, 
arriving  from  the  illand  of  5/.  Tkm:;  in  this 
country  of  Ouwere,   Were  courteoufly    re- 
ceived by  the   then  king.      That  prince, 
fays   he,    was  better  bred  than  ortJinary, 
having   been  educated  among    the  Portu-  introJut- 
Quefe,  whole  language  he  was  perfcft  in  ;  and"."".  "■' 
could  read  and  write,    a  qualihcation  very  „•„' 
rare  among  Ethiopian  princes.     At   their 
firft  interview,  Aiaccio  aiidrefs'd  himfelt  to 
the  king  thus :    If  your  majefty  defires  I 
Ihould  continue  in  your  dominions,    you 
mult  oblige  your  fubjefts  to  embrace  the 
5  D  holy 


<'i  h 


iv 


I   : 


'■% 


I  i*! 


"if  I 


m'\ 


v-i  \ 


-  r 


:HiiL' 


'•m 


i'>j 


:V< 


m 


;  il  ■>;' 


'  .  ■:   li.  1 


%'. 


K'^^^- 


aS,  j  .; 


378 


^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  IV. 


BARiioT.holy  flatc  of  matrimony,  acrorcling  to  our 
^^V^^  rites  and  ciTi'mona-s  •,  anil  whereas,  the 
young  men  and  women  go  mkcd  till  mar- 
riageable, I  ilcfire  your  majtfty  will  com- 
inanil  them  all  to  be  cover'd.  The  king 
anl'wered,  he  would  take  care  that  his  fub- 
jcrts  IlioiiKI  comply  with  his  reqiied  -,  but 
tor  himlelt,  he  would  never  be  brought  to 
it,  unlel's  he  was  married  to  a  in>ir;  as 
foine  ot  his  predeceflbrs  had  been.  Tiie 
dilliculry  w,is  to  get  a  H'bile  to  marry  a 
Bliiik,  tho'  he  were  a  king;  efpecially  :'- 
,  nwngihc  Port ugih'fe,  who  naturally  diipile 
them,  /liuiio  Itemed  to  approve  of  the 
condition,  and  in  order  to  bring  it  to  ef- 
t'ec'l-,  returned  to  St.  '■Thome,  wlarc  he  en- 
quired .itur  lome  IVlntc  woman,  that  would 
marry  \.\\tt  liUick  king;  and  being  told  ot 
one,  who,  though  poor,  wis  viiiuoully 
educated,  and  a  comely  perlim,  under  the 
care  of  .m  uncle  ;  one  (.lay  .it'ter  mafs,  he 
turned  about  at  the  altar  to  the  people, 
and  in  the  name  of  God,  and  fiir  his  'i,\V(.\ 
intre.iied  tlic  uncle  to  let  his  niece  ni.irrv 
the  king  of  Oiixcre-,  whuh  niiglit  contri- 
bute t'jwarils  the  converlion  ot  .ill  th,;t 
nation.  The  uncle  being  pri  vaileii  on  by 
thole  pious  motives,  gave  his  ronfcnt,  and 
the  young  lady  fet  out  for  the  laid  king- 
dom with  the  mifTion.jr,  and  tome  few  Pcr- 
lugiiefe.  When  coine  upon  the  trontiers, 
llie  was  met  and  joytully  laluted  by  the 
people  as  their  queen,  and  all  the  honours 
they  were  capable  of  paid  her.  The  king 
received  her  at  his  palace  with  all  tokens 
ot  alllction,  and  much  nugnifkencc  after 
tluir  manner,  and  married  her  after  the 
chriftian  manner  ;  letting  a  good  example 
to  his  I'ubjeds,  who  loon  left  their  licen- 
tious w.iy  of  living,  antl  fubmitted  to  be 
relhained  by  the  rules  of  the  gofpel,  being 
all  marrietl  after  the  chriftian  way.  Thus 
far  Mciollii. 

The  religion  of  the  country  differs  little 
from  that  ot  Beitin,  except  in  the  point  of 
facrificing  men  and  children  to  their  idols, 
wliich  thcle  people  arc  averfe  to;  alledg- 
ing,  tliat  to  tiled  human  blood,  properly 
belong--  to  the  devil,  who  is  a  murderer 
from  the  beginning.  Nor  are  they  all  fond 
of  idol-worll-.ip,  or  pagan  prielfr,,  nor  ail- 
dicled  to  poilbning,  as  is  pnidifed  among 
otner  people  of  Guinea. 
The  Porttiguefe  milTions  abovc-mention'd 
o/firi,7(4-feem  to  have  made  ileeper  imprefTion  on 
nity.  the  peo|ile  of  Otruiere,  than  in  other  parts 
of  Guinea  :  ior  many  of  them  ftill  feem  to 
ret.iin  fome  principles  of  chriftianity  ;  and 
to  this  day,  tliey  have  a  chapel  in  the  town 
of  Oiru>ir,?,  in  whieli  is  a  crucifix,  or  an 
altar,  and  on  the  fides  ot  it  the  figures  of  the 
bleflld  virgin  Maty,  and  of  all  the  apolUes, 
witii  iw)  can  'Ltlick^  by  them  •,  to  which 
the  natives  refort  from  all  parts,  and  there 


UfUtr 


Rtmaiiii 


mutter  fome  words  in  their  language  he- 
fore  the  crucifix,  every  one  of  them  car- 
rying beads  in  their  hands,  as  is  ufed  by  the 
"''■rtugufft.  They  fay.fcveralot  thole £,«./•; 
have  been  taught  to  reaii  and  write  ;  the 
Poitiit^iie,e  of  St.  Thome  and  Punic' i  ifland, 
who  are  their  neighbours  in  the  EihioMfk 
gulph,  fupplying  tliem  with  p.iper,  ink  and 
books.  From  what  has  been  here  laid,  nuy 
be  inferred,  that  the  people  of  UiiKeic  are 
the  moll  likely  of  any  in  G«;wiHo  be  con- 
verted to  the  chriftian  lailh. 

The  Coast  ofOvwiRE  (lejirih'd. 
•npIIE  coatl  of  this  kingdom  from  the Jjuvi 
■*•  mouth  ot  kin  Fonit:lo  to  c:\ik-  J-.rinoit 
extends  about  forty  fix  le.igues,  nortli- 
weft  by  north,  and  fouth-eall  by  fouth,  all 
along  low,  fiat  and  wooily  l.ind,  ami  is 
fc.irce  to  be  Iccn  till  in  twenty  live  fathom 
water  out  at  lea. 

It  is  parted  by  feveral  rivers,  wliich  run';  • 
airofsit  into  the  ocean  ;  the  molV  confide-" '-'■ 
rable  of  which  are  thole  of' /,«;//« ,md /J  v/zj, 
allot  tlicni  littl;:  frt-cjuented  by  /'.'/(r/yvvi/.'.t, 
Kio  I'uicado  h.iving  all  tlie  tr.uie  of  the 
country  :  and  I  ilo  nut  find  that  tlv 
Poriii)^iii-fc  or  Diitib,  who  have  frequfn- 
ted  thofc  parts  more  than  other  Europeans, 
have  m.ule  any  great  advantage  by  their 
voyages  thither  ;  all  they  get,  is  fome  lev? 
fiaves  in  Stwguna  river, and  cape /'t'rwe/j, and 
lb  along  the  tame  river,  which  are  to  be  fcen 
from  the  fe.i,  betwixt  that  cape  and  Neu) 
Calab'tr,  or  Rin  Real :  but  it  is  not  worth 
while  tor  a  fliip  of  any  confulerable  bur- 
den to  ftopfor  them,  as  I  (liall  farther  tliow 
hereafter. 

Cape  Fermofa  lies  in  four  elegrees  tenc<;(F;> 
minutes  of  north  latitude,  and,  like  thead-'^o'J'- 
iacent  lands,  is  low,  fiat  and  woody.  Tiie 
PorlKguefe  give  it  this  name  of  Fennofa, 
or  beautiful,  from  the  fine  prolpcct  it  affords 
at  a  diftaiice,  being  all  covered  with  beau- 
tiful trees.  Nortii  nortliweft  of  it  is  a 
little  river,  Letbre  which  is  a  ftioal  that  is 
dry  at  low-water.  The  vill.ige  Saiigama 
is  on  the  north  fide  ot  that  river,  Ibme- 
what  within  the  mouth.  At  this  cape  Fer- 
mofa moft  fea-faring  men  begin  the  bight 
of  Guinea  ;  though  Ibme  take  it  from  kto 
lias  Leigoas  newr/irJra.  Moilern  geographers 
c-dl  it  the  tlhio/kk  gulph,  anil  it  ends  at 
ca^ie  Lope  Gonzalves  ;  the  land  betwixt 
both  capes  forming  a  large  (emicinle. 
Ca[X"  hermoja  may  be  lecn  from  the 
wefhvard,  being  upon  twenty  three  or 
twenty  four  fathom  water  ;  but  isnoteafily 
difcerned  farther  off  at  tea,  the  coatl  run- 
ning from  tbuth-eaff  to  north-weft.  The 
charts  make  it  angular. 

PVom  cape  Fermofa  to  New  Calbary  river, stftrnji. 
or  Ria  Real,  the  coaft  runs  eaft  about  fi\e 
and  thirty  leagues,     being  cut  through  at 

dillances 


jjin  Dili 
rr.ir. 
L-mpl 
l.-.ir. 

Mtiir/'.ff.  Mea. 
as  wk 

Trcilr- 
ir.i'. 


Sl-^'" 


a  hai 
ande 


fi'fimi. 


Book  IV.  I  Chap.  8.  Coafis  < South-Guinea. 


jage  be- 
nt m  Car- 
ed by  the 
i)fc  B.acki 
ite  ;  the 
(•'j  idand, 

Eihi'ipkk 
r,  ink  ami 

fa  ill,  may 
)i(Ke>e  arc 
to  be  coii- 

troiii  tlu'  i*'»'" 
[)e  l\  rmolii 
I'S,  nortli- 
r  louth,  all 
id,  and  is 
five  fathom 

wl'iich  run''"'' 
lull  tonfidc-"-"-- 
OS  and  yj  il";;, 

Euilili'dK!, 

ladf  ot  I  lie 
d  that  thi' 
avc  trcqutn- 
r  Europeaiii, 
gc  by  their 

is  Tome  lev* 
fVrmo/it.and 
are  to  be  If  en 
pe  and  AVw 
is  not  worth 
Iderable  bur- 

tarther  fliow 

egreps  tenC«;if:: 
ike  thead-™»"• 
mody.     The 
of  Ivrmofit, 
ft  ic  affords 
wiih  bcau- 
of  ic  is  a 
flioal  that  IS 
,e    StWji^'i'iit 
iver,    fome- 
his  cape  I\r- 
n  the  biglit 
it  from  Rio 
gcograpliers 
nd  it  entls  at 
and  betwixt 
femicircle. 
from    tiic 
ty   thrte    or 
It  is  not  eafily 
le  coalt  rim- 
i-weft.     'I'he 

Ta.'/'.ir)' river, xj/fciif. 
ill  about  five 
through  at: 
dillanccs 


37P 

diftances,  by  fcven  rivers,  which   all  lofe  ers,  which  lie  athwart  the  mouth  of  thatBARBoT. 

thcmfelves  in  thefi/^/)/ i  and  is  all  along  very  river,  before  the  two  fmall  iflands  i  and  the  ^'V^ 

pra(flirable  for  all  lorts  of  fhips,  and  very  true  channel   is   at  lia>'(l^  point,   north  and 

good  anchorage,  in  fcven,  fix  and  five  fa-  fouthat  four  andthreefathomandahalf deep, 

thorn,  fandy  ground  :    the  breakers  alonj  at  flack-water  ;  and  being  come  within  the 

that  coaft  being  very  near  the  fliorc,  and  breakers,  you  mull  fteer  to  the  wellward 

the  coall  from  one  end  to  the  other  low  and  almoft  to  Fuko  point,    and  cftcrwards  to 

flat.  the    north,    to    the    road   of   Foko   town. 

The  true  coaft  from  cape  Fcrmofa  to  Rio-  between  the  main  and  little  ifland  before  it, 

Real,  is  to  keep  in  ten  fathom  water,  v'h^;re  about  two  E>:gli/l  miles  dillance. 
is  alii)  the  beft  anrhorag-:  there,    and  all        This  ifland  is  pretty  higli,  and  ferves  ast'"!^" 

round  the  bight,  and  not  nearer,  becaufe  of  a  mark  from  the  lea,    to  know  :'.,e  river.  '"*''• 

the  feveral  lool'e  fands  between  ten  fathoms  Very  few   fliips  go  as  high  up  as  New  di- 

and  the  Ihore.  labar  town  :    tor  it  is  much  better  to  ride 

r.    The    firft  of  the   fevcn   rivers  that  (liow  at  Fako,    which   is  not  fo  much  molefted 

thcmfelves  in  this  traft  of  land,  k  Rio  Nsti,  with   the    mofqucttoes,    as    New  Ca'.abar 


Ijinnus 


four  leagues  call  of  cape  Fenno  n. 

The  teconil  river,  faither  call,  is  Rio 
Odih,  or  jMii.fonfa,  ar  Foii/nnJy,  or  S.Briilo, 
remarkable,  being  fouth  ot  it,  in  I'even  fa- 
thom water,  trom  two  tall  capes  or  heads 
it  has  on  both  lides  of  its  nouth  -,  the  land 
within  the  heads  being  ll/  and  low  :  there 
are  alio  two  tiiiekcts ot  trees,  high  and  lofty, 
on  the  call  fide  of  tlic  rivtr,  not  far  trom 
each  otlier  •,  the  coall  low  and  level. 

The  third  is  that  o\' Filana  or  JuanDias. 

The  fourth  is  that  of  5.  Nicl'olas  or  Lcmita. 

The  fitth  is    Rio  de  S.  Barbara,   or  Rio 


town. 

A  fmall  fliip  may  very  well  venture 
ujion  the  channel  at  Foko  point,  with  the 
tiik?,  and  fail  lb  near  the  fliore,  as  to  fpeak 
with  the  Blacks  on  the  land.  But,  as  has 
been  obl'erved,  Baiuh  point  is  the  deepell 
channel  at  flack  water. 

The  town  of  Foko  is  fome  leagues  up  the 
river,  on  the  wtft  fide  of  it,  and  that  of 
B.iiiily,  on  thce.Ul  fiileoppofite  to/''o/t9;  and 
there  being  feveral  other  villages  and  hamlets, 
difperfed  along  tiie  river  on  the  eall  or  weft, 
all  inhabited  by  a  very  gootl  civilized  fortoW 
Mci^if.'WM.'fbefore  whole  mouth  are  great  breakers,    of  Blacks,  any  man  may  fafcly  venture  to  B'''<^''s 


Trtsir 


as  well  as  to  the  eaft  of  it. 

The  fixth  is  S.  Bartolomro,  or  Rio  dos  7'rcs 
Irmao',  remarkable  by  a  fteepy  head  at  the 
"••"•  fliore,  about  two  leagues  oil"  it ;  and  by  the 
breakers,  out  at  fea,  to  the  eaft.  There- 
about, a  league  and  a  half  from  the  fliore, 
is  but  four  fathom  deep,  but  uneven  ground, 
the  land  low,  running  call  tbuth-calt. 
Smhtiro  'I'lie  feventh  is  R:o  Soinbreiro,  which  finall 
tr.ir  (hips  may  get  into  and  pals  through  land, 
into  Ne-M  Cjlahar  river,  by  crol's  ones. 

At  all   the  above  mentioned  rivers  fmall 
Ihips  may   anchor,    and    try   their  fortune, 
for  getting  fome  flaves,  and  elephant's  teeth  ; 
but  the  moll  probable  is  Rw  Somhrciro. 

From  this  Lift  river  to  Foko  jioint,  being 
the  weft  head  of  Rio  Real,  or  Calabar  river, 
and  by  others  0//'()^;/;(' river,  isbut  •  ■  •  • 
leagues  caflwanl  ;  and  from  Foko  pint,  to 
bciiU  Iioint  cart,  four  leagues,  which  is 
thj  breailth  of  the  entrance  or  mouth 
of  Rw-  Real,  or  Nevi  Calabar  river,  which 


trade,  eithei  tor  flaves,  elephant's  teeth,  or 
provifions. 

Thole  of  Foko  will  fupply  us  with  frcfliaW ic/t- 
water  and  wood.    The  water  is  there  taken'^''^- 
out  of  a  pond  near  the  town,  which   keeps 
well  at  fea  ;  whereas  thai  which  cut  be  had 
at  NcK  Calabar,  is  nothing  near  lb  good. 

Tiiey  will  alio  fupply  us  with  yams  and  Proivy/am, 
bananas,  at  realbnable  rates,  at  the  proper 
times  ^f  the  year  -,  but   in  At(gml  antl  6V;'- 
t.-mk-r,  and  fo  on  [o  Mar Jj,  tliofe  eatabl js 
grow  very  fcarce,  and  clear  among  them  : 
infomuch,  that  fome  fliips  have  been  ibrced 
to  fall  down  to  Ambofes,  and  Camai-ones  river, 
in  May  and  June,  to  buy  plantains,   which 
is  a  fort  of  banana  drieil,  yetlbmewhat  green, 
and  is  a  liiod  well  liked  by  the  natives  -,  thus 
fpcnding  a  month   or   five  weeks   in  that 
voyage,    and  afterwards  turning  up  again  to 
tlie  wellward,  lo  New  Calabar,  to  purchafe 
their  cargo  of  flaves.     To  avoid  this  long  de- 
lay,   at  that   time  of  the  year,    it  is  much 
tter  for  a  Ihip,  bound  to  this  place  from 


is  navigable,    without  much   trouble,    for 

fliijisofthree  hundred  tuns,  or  more,  it  they  Europe,  to  ftop  in  his  way  at  cape  7>vi- 
be  large  flyboats  ;  as  I  Ihall  farther  demon-  Poiitas,  at  the  Gold-Coafl  ;  or  at  Aiiainabou, 
Urate  in  the  Supplement  to  this  volume,  and  on  the  fame  coaft,  to  buy  Indian  wheat  or 
give  a  true  chart  thereof,  letting  down  the  corn  there  :  the  Calabar  flaves  being  gene- 
anchorage  and  paflfages  as  exaftly  as  poflible.  rally  better  pleafed  with  food  of  their  own 

country,    than  with  any  of  Europe,  except 

0/ New  Calbary.  horfe-beans,  which  many   like  pretty  well, 

rif«lii»i  T"  ^  ^  road    before  this  river,  which  is  boiled  with  pork,  or  oil;  butefpecially  thofe 

ji'jiuni.        the  eighth  river  from  cape  Fermofa,  is  we  purchafe  at  the  GoU-Coajl,  as  fliall  be 

a  hard  Hindy  ground,  with  five,  fix,  feven  hereafter  obferved. 

and  eight  fathoms  water,  without  the  break-  The 


v:m': 


\'¥i 


-  If 


•it" 


fVi-|.: 


w:i:t 


Mil  viri ', 


380 


j4  Defcription  of  the 


Book  IV. 


IVotflft* 
fon. 


Barbot.  The  yams,  which  are  the  chief  of  their 
^O^"^^  fubfiftani-e,  are  not  lit  to  be  taken  out  of  the 
M»r/t»/t». gfonnJ  b-fore  ihc  months  of  July  and  Au- 
giiji  i  and  theretbre  mod  European  travellers 
account  thote  two  months,  asalfo  June  and 
Af.iy,  for  the  brll  feafon  of  the  year,  in 
Ciil.tbar  river ;  bccaufc  of  the  continual  rains 
which  refrcfti  an>l  cool  the  air,  and  give  the 
natives  an  opiiortunity  to  apply  tliemfclves 
wholly  to  commerce,  up  the  land,  forget- 
ting of  (lives  and  elephant's  teeth  ;  and  are 
confequently  tlie  fitted  time  for  us  to  pur- 
chafc  flavcs  witii  expedition,  and  lefs  hin- 
drance and  fatigue:  but  more  efpccially  in 
ylu^ujl  and  SriUmber,  tho'  tiie  months  of 
June  and  Jul)  arc  Ibmewiiat  troubk-lomf, 
becaufe  of  the  liglitning  and  tiiun.ler,  then 
very  frequent  and  terrible  j  but  the  daily 
great  rains  do  abate  the  heats  very  much. 

We  reckon  tlie  months  of  O.-tober,  No- 
vrmber,  and  Dru-mber,  the  word  feafon, 
becaufe  of  the  dry  fcorching  heat  of  the  fun, 
and  thetliitk  fog*, which  are  there  frequent  •, 
fo  that  it  is  not  j)oflll)le  co  fee  from  one  end 
of  the  lliip  to  the  ocher. 

It  is  alio  to  be  obferved,  that  yams,  at 
Ba>t,ly  poin;,  arc  nothing  near  lo  good,  nor 
fo  l.diing  as  thoic  we  liave  from  /-hkn,  or 
Ni'w  Cidabar  town,  where  the  foil  feems 
more  proper  for  their  produdtion. 

The  territory  of  Calabar  or  Catba'-y  lies 
on  and  about  the  river,  called  by  thePor- 
tuguefe  Rw-Rtal  1  by  the  Englijh,  Calabar  ; 
and  by  the  Duuh,  Calbary  ;  from  the  town 
oi  New  Ctilb.i'y  or  Calabar,  fituated  on  that 
river  ;  who  there  drive  their  trade  with  the 
tiatives.  This  river  runs  up  tlie  land  to  north- 
wed,  a  great  way,  and  can  be  navigaicd 
only  by  doops  and  yachts,  the  bottom  beiiig 
very  uneven. 

S'fw  Cilabar  town  lies  on  an  idand  clofe 
to  the  main,  on  the  north  fide  of  a  little  ri- 
vulet, coming  into  Rio-Real,  and  is  the  chief 
place  for  the  trade  of  the  Hollanders  ;  and 
containing  three  hundred  and  nine  houfes,  is 
palidiided  about  after  their  fifliion,  having 
on  the  north  fide  a  large  fwampy  or  marrtiy 
ground,  which  the  tide  ofttn  overflows. 
The  little  rivulet  above  mentioned,  forms 
at  its  head  or  fpring,  a  large  ifland,  all  over 
woody,  but  fo  clofe  to  the  main,  that  it  is 
hardly  difccrnable  to  be  an  id  ind  -,  the  river 
at  that  place  being  very  narrow. 

The  town  of  Foko,  already  mention'd,  is 
cali'd  by  the  Dutch  IVyn-Dirp,  becaufe  of 
the  great  quantity  of  palm-wine  the  coun- 
try about  it  affords  ;  and  in  the  language  of 
the  inhabitants  Foko  fignifies  wine,  is  feated 
on  the  fecond  point  of  the  wed  fide  of  Rio- 
Real,  or  Calbary,  as  we  enter  into  it ;  ha- 
ving two  fmall  rivers,  one  to  the  wed,  the 
other  to  the  eaft  of  it  j  both  which  fall  into 
the  great  river,  and  that  from  them  runs  up 
north-wed,  and  has  good  anchorage  in  the 


Calabar 


Fokortwi. 


mcuth  of  (he  wcdern  rivulet,  which  is  prac- 
ticaSle  enough  for  doops  to  fail  three  leagues 
up  to  trade.  About  ten  leagues  up  ihcMii 
country,  and  wetl  of  New  Calabar  town,  ""' 
lies  that  of  Belli,  govern'd  by  a  captain  s 
but  affords  little  trade  to  Europeans,  in  fomc 
few  Haves. 

Sixteen  or  feventeen  leagues  above  A^.ur 
Calabar,  the  river  receives  another  little 
one,  which  comei  from  the  inland  country, 
at  eafl  nortli-eall ;  on  the  banks  whereof  are 
feveral  villages  and  hamlets. 

The  territory  of  Cride  lies  feme  leagues Crir^,^ 
north  north-wifl  of /<i'>-A!fd/,  and  borders  Mik«  ;if. 
towards  the  foudi  on  that  of  iV/w((7,  which'""'"' 
lies  near  the  lea,  as  well  as  that  of  lianv, 
another  territory,  where  is  a  large  viliaj^e, 
cMWCifl-bo,  and  eight  or  ten  other  fin  iIIlt 
vjllag-s,  in  the  compal'sof  about  lour  leagufs, 
all  of  th--m  under  tiie  government  of  a  cap- 
tain i  as  are  allotiie  other  territories  above 
mention^'d  :  iho' fuch  chiefs  or  captains  are 
now  generally  allow'd  the  title  of  kings, 
by  the  Euro/eans,  all  over  Guin.a,  as  has 
been  before  oblcrv'd  ;  but  arc  at  IkII  fuch 
kings,  as  the  two  and  thirty  that  Jojlua 
defeated  at  once,  mentioned  in  holy  writ. 
The  money  of  M')ko  is  of  iron,  in  tiie  fliape 
and  figure  of  a  thornback,  flat  antl  as  broad 
as  the  palm  of  the  hand,  having  a  tail  of 
the  fame  metal,  of  the  length  of  the  hand. 

As  to  Bandy  point,  which  is  the  cademBind; 
head,  or  c,\\k  of  the  mouth  of  Rio- Real  J""'' 
it  is  difccrnable  enough  from  lea,  by  a  tuft 
of  high  trees,  overtopping  the  wood  which 
covers  all  the  coad  about  it.  That  tuft  of 
trees  the  Porliii;ueji  call  the  lanthorn,  or 
fanal  :  which  mud  be  well  obferved  decring 
into  the  river,  as  well  as  the  iflands  lying 
at  the  entrance  of  it  ;  the  true  channel  being 
near  this  Bandy  point,  north  and  tbuth,  in 
four  and  three  fathom  and  a  half  at  flick 
water.  It  is  ulual  th?re,  when  the  Blacks  of 
Baiiily  town  fpy  a  fail  coming  in,  to  fend 
aboard  a  canoe  with  pilots,  who  (peak  a 
little  either  En^lijh,  Porlugue'e,  or  Dutch, 
to  convey  it  Ldc  into  the  river  of  Bandy  ; 
v/hich  when  open'd,  or  in  view  on  the  lar- 
board fi  le,  is  to  deer  north-ead,  with  the 
tide,  which  is  very  fwift,  and  thus  come  to 
an  anchor  before  the  town  of  Bandy, or  Great 
Baidy,  lying  two  leagues  cad  with  B.indy 
point.  S:)ip>that  come  to  an  anchor  in  the 
road  before  the  town,  in  fourteen  or  twelve 
fathom  water,  ufually  give  a  falute  of  three, 
five  or  (even  guns,  according  to  the  bigncfs 
of  the  fliip,  to  the  king  of  Bandy  ;  the  Blacks 
being  very  fond  of  fuch  civilities,  and  it 
contributes  m  jch  to  facilitate  thetr.ide. 

The  tow.j  of  Great  Bandy,  confining  of^j^^, 
about   three   hundred  houfes,   divided  into»«»3,' 
parcels,  ftan'l';  m  a  marfhy  ground,  made 
an  iflan  1  by  fome  arms  01  th'  iiver  from 
the  main :   ic  is  well  peopled  with  Blacks, 

who 


Chap. 


8. 


Coajls  o/*  South-Guinea. 


381 


who  employ  tliemfclvLS  in  ir.iili',  .iinl  Ionic 

iiitlK'inl.iiulioiintry,  by  incms  of  loia',  .iml 
lirm- c.ino.s  i  Ibiiv  fixiy  loot  long  .ml  fcvcn 
bioul  1  rowctl  hy  lixtein,  cigKti'en  or  twenty 
|i,nKlli;rs,  c.iirying  Euiolcar.  ^ooiis  anu  fifli 
to  tlic  upl.uil  ll!i\'<i  1  and  bring  ilown  to 
tluir  rdp.^'livf  towns  in  cxili.mgc,  av.iil 
miinber  olllivxs,  ol"  all  Itx-b  and  agis, 
.ind  lone  \m^<.-  i-lrphant's  tictli,  to  liipply 
the  /•»('o/vM';.>«trading  in  that  riv/r.  ScvL-ral 
ot  tiioll'  lla  ki  ai'l  therein  as  f.ittors,  or 
brokers,  titiRT  for  their  own  countrymen, 
or  for  the  Euyol>c:i>n  ;  who  are  often  o'.iligi'd 
to  trull  ih.ni  with  tlvir  good,,  to  attend 
thr  iij'per  markets,  and  pun  haf  fl  ives  foi' 
them  :  for  all  th it  \all  numlur  of  (1  ives, 
which  the  C,(  iLir  D.'  •  (-j  It'll  to  .ill  F.iiio,';:i>t 
nations  bui  more  irpcciilly  to  tli,'  //>.'- 
!.:,iJcr>,  who  have  th-fj  the  '^reatctl  tra.lc, 
are  not  cluir  prifon.rs  at  war,  the  (^reateft 
niri  being  b(uui,lu  by  thole  pe:ipk-.'  of  tlieir 
inkuid  neighbours,  and  ihey  alf.i  buy  th  111 
ol'citlier  nations  y.  t  more  remof  from  ihem. 
There  is  alto  a  iiiirket  for  llaves  at  B  Hi, 
alar".'  town  at  well  of  0.'</  C.i.\i\ir  inland, 
b  It  the  trade  is  not  lb  brifli  as  ac  the  eall 
of  the  river  Cal.ibar. 

Of  all  £;(»r</v.»;  trading  nations  that  frt:- 
qiieiit  this  river,  antl  the  adiacent  parts,  the 
DutJj  have  the  gre.itefl  (liare  in  the  trade  ; 
the  ILii^.iJh  next,  anvl  after  them  the  Poitii- 
c:i{jl;  trom  Brajil,  St.  'Tbijinc  and  Prin.\\ 
iflandsi  and  all  altog.-ther  export  thence  a 
"teat  number  of  (Lives  yearly  to  Aiit-iic.i, 
bcfides  aconliderabic  quantity  of  goo.l  ele- 
phant's teeth,  and  abundance  of  proN-ifions. 

This  would  be  a  proper  place   to  enter 
upon  the  dclcription  of  the  Hives,  and  trade 
of  elephant's   teeth,    with  the  native^,  and 
of  tiie  F.ur:,[':.iH  goods,  that  are  iife.l  com- 
monly to  purcii.ife  them,  as  well   as  provi- 
fions,  together  with  the  metho.'.s  to  c.irry  it 
on  lucefsfully  ;    as   alio,  to  fp''ak  of  tiie 
culloms,  tolls,  manners  and  religion  of  the 
B'.dcks  of  I'lk-i  N,-JJ  Ca.'ai'.ir,  Fou;^:ie,  Ban- 
r/v,  and  Don\,    this   laft  being  about    t-n 
leagues  up  in /}(«./)' river,  towards  theealt, 
an.l  the  conv.nieniies  of  driving  the  tr.ide, 
hy  the  feveral  rivers,  Laving  a  communiea- 
with  Rio-Riiil,  &c.    But  I  will  follow  the 
plan  propofed  to  my  felf  in   writing   this 
defcription  of  North  and  South  Guiniii,  and 
give  as   good   an    account   of  thole   vail 
countries,  as  I  could  gadier  from  the  year 
1678,  to  1682,  during  which  time  I  made 
two  voyages  thither  ;  after  which,  by  way 
of  fupplement.,    I  will  add,    the    moll  re- 
markable changes  ind  alterations  that  have 
happened  there  till  the  year   1 706,  as  col- 
Icded  from   credible  travellers,  who  have 
been  there  from  time  to  time  :  and  fhi.ll 
therefore    refer  the    particular    defcription 
of  the  trade,  in  Rio- Real,    to  that  pUc; 
V  0  I.  V. 


where  I  dtfi^-ji  to  infert  an  .ibflraft  of  ihi-nARnnr 
jouinil  kept  by  my  brother  yuiiifs,  in  his^'^Y^ 
voyage  to  th.it  riv.  r,  in  the  year  1699, 
aboard  the  /^;o;/  frigate  1  a  lliip  formerly 
belon;;ing  to  the  fl'.'7;yA  government,  then 
called  the  y)5:vT-/'/;^r',  whiih  fome  mer- 
ch.ints  of  L',ihlon  and  I  bought  of  the  com- 
mifTionersof  the  n.uy,  in  iO()S,  and  fittcil 
out,  tor  N- IV  Ciil.il ill,  with  twenty  tour 
RiMv,,  iixty  men,  .ind  a  cirgo  ot  two  thou- 
I'lnd  fix  hundred  pounds  lhrlin.;s:  my  l.iid 
bro'ju-r.and  one  (Si\iz:ihii  r  going  joint  llipei  - 
cargoes,  and  purchaling  live  hundred  .md 
eighty  three  (lives,  in  two  months  time, 
whii  h  they  carried  to  Jamautt. 

The  journ  lis  ot  thole  two  perfons  whi^  li 
are  in  my  h.inds,  being  ex.ict  and  curious, 
I  thought  more  pioper  to  refer  them  to 
theSuppleiiunt  I  p.romite,  as  being  tranf- 
acli'ins  of  a  muvli  frelhi/r  li.ue  than  my 
own  voyag 'S  ;  and  Liter  inllances  of  the 
tr.ule  ot  th  It  river,  an.l  of  the  manners  of 
the  iiihabitants,  ijic, 

T'k  AuE  if  Si.Avrs. 
'TTIE  natives  on   the  i.ill    fi.le  of  y?/a- *''"'- 
*     Rcr,',  and  thole  who  dw.ll    tlieaon, """■'■ 
much    lariher  up  the  inland  to  the  north- 
well,  are  reported  to  eat  tlie  ll.lli  of  their 
enemies  ll.iiii  in  battle,  and  fell  all  the  pri- 
foners  ot  war  they  take  to  the  CaLibar  and 
Baiuly  factors  for  (laves ;  lometimes  bring- 
ing them  down  10  Ntn)  Ca'abar  market, 
where  they  are  |nibliekly  exi)oled   to  talc 
on  certain  fix.  .d.iys,  to  the  highetl  biikier. 

Tl  e  lame  account  is  given  of  the  Buicks 
dw;lling  on  and  about  a  river,  called  by 
the  Enj^'iih,  Crop  river,  thole  people  being 
alfo  neighbours  to  the  Ibrmsr  ;  but  with 
this  dilf'  rence,  that  they  never  kill  their 
prifoners  to  eat  tluni,  unlel^  they  perceive 
them  to  be  fick  :  tor  then,  in'.lcad  oT  con- 
triving to  cure  them,  asth.ydo  their  own 
people,  th.y  commonly  kill  them,  and 
111  ike  a  publiek  (call. 

We  are  ,il'o  told  thereof  a  certain  na- 
tion inh.ibiting  a  linall  (late,  about  ten 
league'!  in  circumference,  wliieli  lies  llill 
firtlur  inl.ind  •,  whofe  c  hiet  town  is  called 
Cf/.c/iT/i,  and  their  king  \Liii:ha,  who  once 
alking  an  E>igiiJ/j  man,  that  was  taken  by 
thcBiarks  of  the  coa(l,  and  lint  up  to  Ca- 
laiiu'h  as  a  pril'oner,  whether  the  JiritijJj 
empire  was  as  large  as  his  kingdom  ;  and 
the  Eur're.iii  replying,  that  his  (late  was  but 
one  h.ilfofthe  leall  (hire  ot  England:  the 
Blhk  king  was  ever  alier  very  melancholy, 
us  long  as  he  lived,  to  find  lumfell  (b  little 
in  the  world. 

Some  Vortugiicfe  geo;!;raphers  place  a  city 
feveral  leagues  inland  well  of  Ncio  Ciilahur 
town,  which  they  call  Ojnco  ;  and  antient 
geography  names  the  feveral  nations  that 
inhabit  the  large  trad  of  land  from  B''niiiy 
M  {.h'iCamuronci  river,  the  .\\li::cei  ^Etbiopes. 
5  E'  The 


'  !t  H 


'I 


'1  ill 


^2t(i: 


ir    li' 


'»(  lU:  1      ■    ■   " 


mm 


!:"■■ 


7:::v:-i5i 


I 


M  i 


382 


y^  Defcrsption  of  the 


Book  IV, 


HAnr.oT.  The  (lavM  genfnlly  pur.hafiil  at  New 
^'V^C'/.'.f/'.'r,  arc  lonvi-yctl  ili)wn  tliitlur  from 
B:  lira,  and  other  countries  fartlur  inl.iml, 
wliith'T  the  liLuki  reprt  tliey  are  li  nt  by 
other  n.itions,  living  inont  lowarils  the 
north  ami  noriii-cait,  aiul  quite  unknown 
to  them. 

UlNOS  for     MONEV. 

'nplll'.  jTiMiijial  tiling  that  palTcs  in  C.i- 
*  liib.ii,  as  iiirrciu  money  among  the 
natives,  is  lirals-rings,  for  the  arms  or  ieiis, 
which  th<y  rail  Hoihir  ;  an^l  they  are  lo 
niee  in  tiieejioice  of  them,  tliaC  they  will 
often  turn  over  a  w'.iole  ealk  before  they 
find  two  to  pleall-  th'ir  fancy. 
OetJwtrli-  The  /■.'■'j5'//'  and  ZXv/.A  imj'ort  tiierc  a 
»♦••  great  ileal  of  cojiper  in  I'mall  bars,  ro  iiul 
andcqual,  about  three  foot  Ion.;,  weighing 
about  a  pound  and  a  ciuartcr  1  which  tiie 
B'.nks  of  Ca!.t':iiy  work,  with  niuJi  an, 
fplittingihe  bar  into  three  parts,  from  om- 
end  to  the  otiuT  i  which  they  polilh  as  tine 
as  gol.l,  ami  twill  the  tiirte  picas  tOj!,etlur 
very  inijenioufly,  like  cords,  lomakewlut 
liirts  of  arm  rii^j^s  tluy  pkalc. 


I 


Canoes. 
Hive  already  hinted  lomcwhat  of  tlv  ir 
large  cano.s,  made  of  the  trunks  or 
bodies  of  lofty  big  trees,  and  framed  muh 
after  the  manner  of  the  canoes  at  the  Gold- 
Cciijl,  for  bars,  but  much  longer,  fome 
being  feventy  feet  in  length,  and  feven  or 
eight  broad ;  very  fliarp  pointed  at  c.ich 
end,  fitted  with  benches  athwart,  for  the 
conveniency  of  the  rowtrs,  with  paddles, 
who  fit  as  near  the  fi  les  of  the  canoes  as, 
is  p  fTible.  They  commonly  iiang  at  the 
head  of  the  canoe  two  fliields,  and  on  the 
fides  fome  bandies  of  javelins,  as  dcfcnfivc 
arms,  in  a  readinefs  to  repulfc  anyattemjit 
that  may  b"  made  on  them  in  their  \oyages 
along  the  rivers,  being  generally  at  variance 
with  fcfTie  neighbouring  nation  or  other. 
C»mi>  l'.v"ry    c.inoe    has  alio  a  l-.earth,   in   the 

■uijffi/.  head  of  it,  todrcls  their  viftuals,  and  they 
have  a  contrivance  tofet  uji  a  fort  of  awn- 
ing, made  of  mats,  to  flielter  the  principal 
perlbn  in  the  bo,:t  at  nigiit,  or  in  extreme 
bad  weither:  and  others  have  a  fort  of 
quarter  deck,  made  of Ifrong  reeds -,  but  the 
rcrtofthe  crew,  and  theflavcs,  when  they 
ci'ry  any,  lie  expot'ed  to  all  weatlur. 
CMtnfcr  Tuey  liav'gate  fueh  canoes  with  eighteen 
»«'•  oc  twenty  h  inds,  and  thole  arm'd  for  war, 
Cummonly  carry  (evenry  or  eighty  nvn, 
Willi  all  necelTary  provifions  ^o  fubfiit 
them,  being  funeraliy  yams,  banan.is, 
chickens,  hogs,  goats  or  flieep,  palm-wine 
ami  palm  oil;  winch  two  lafl  forts  are  plen- 
tif"!  enough  at  New  C.Lul/nr,  and  pretty 
chr:,p,  as  are  all  other  forts  of  eatables,  for 
tiiemfdvcs  and  the  (laves. 


With  fueh  canooi,  thus  equippM,  they 
carry  on  their  tralfick  very  far  on  rivers, 
or  their  wars,  as  occafion  requires. 

.S.  DoMiNoo  River, 
C|  O  c.dled  by  the  P,>l!ig!<iji\  and  by  others 
•^  l.ditrimh.i,  falls  into  the /ft'/i[)/,/i/,;«giilp|i, 
about  five  leagues  call  of  ti.imly  point,  whidi 
is  at  the  month  of  RioK,,i/.  The  tovvn^ 
Don\  or  Uci:\,  Hands  on  the  ea(t  fide  ot  it, 
is  large,  wi  ll  |ieo[)led,  and  tVades  in  flives 
anil  teeth  with  the  Euruj<i\niiy  by  meansot 
Banily  river,  which  has  a  communication 
with  it,  and  by  me.ins  of  thole  rivers,  tlu: 
Doin  jvopl' drive  their  trade  up  thel.mJ, 
to  purci.aji-  llavis  and  teeth. 

1  might  ii' re  cnlaige  ujion  the  dell riptiim 
of  this  town  and  country,  .uidof  the  man- 
ners .md  rJigion  nt  its  inhabitants  •,  Inn  my 
brother's  journd  mentioning  feveral  particu- 
lars th-TLol,  I  lekr  tliat  to  the  Supplement. 

Oi.n  CAi.AnAK  Rivi:r. 
P"  R  O  M  Rio  ,!e  S.  IXvim^o,  to  that  of 
*•  Old  CaL:biV  or  Cuibnu;;  the  coitl 
Itreteli.s  ealUvard,  .dioverlevil  and  woody, 
and  betwixt  them  both  is  .iiiodier  liver  tliit 
l.il's  into  the  gulph,  c.;lled  by  the /Mrfji- 
d--n,  Rio  </c  C'///..f ;  but  I  have  not  heard  any 
biidy  fiy  It  i^  a  place  of  any  trade.  Tl;e 
D:iti-b  call  this  river  OiuU  Ci  I'orgb,  and  the 
Eiig/i/ii,  Old  C.ilbary.  The  true  channel  for 
large  Ihips  is  on  the  call  fide,  in  three  fa- 
thom and  a  half  water ;  and  the  right  road 
in  it  is  near  another  river,  call'd  Crofi  river, 
coming  from  the  north-wed  into  it,  ahove 
the  place  called  Saiuh-foiiit  -,  below  which, 
at  the  mouth  of  Old  Calabar  river  are  two 
villages  at  a  diftance  from  each  other,  call'd 
Fijh-Uswn,  and  .9<t//-town ;  the  Blacks  of  the 
former  being  filhermen,  and  of  tl:e  latter 
falt-boilers. 

On  the  eall:  fide  of  O.'i/  Calabar  river,  jull 
at  the  mouth  of  it,  is  another  little  river 
running  up  north,  and  then  call  to  Rio  dd 
R,y,  thro'  which  Ihips  may  pais  lafely,  and 
lb  makes  an  illand  of  the  coafl  that  lies  be- 
twixt it  and  Od  CuLd/.ir.  In  the  midil  of 
the  entrance  of  O/./  Calabar  river  liesafniall 
oval  ifland,  flat  and  low,  call'd  parroi'j 
illand,  which  makes  two  channels  to  enter  it ; 
the  beft  being,  as  I  live  laid  before,  on  the 
fide  of  B  i!>u':'i  rivei  the  other  channel  is 
between  that  little  illand  and  the  falt-town, 
on  the  main  ;  but  it  has  a  bar  almoft  athwart 
it,  extending  from  S.i/i-tov/n,  to  very  near 
the  Weft  point  of  Parrot'^  ifland,  leaving 
only  a  narrow  pafTage  dole  to  that  ifland, 
fix  or  feven  fathom  deep. 

Thus  by  all  the  before  mentioned  remarks 
this  river  is  eafily  known  from  fea.and  as  eafy 
to  be  navigated  by  large  (hips.  It  is  well 
furnifhed  with  vjllagesand  hamlets  all  about, 
where  EiirojiWu  drive  their  trade  with  the 

Blacks, 


BooKlV.I  Chap.  8.         Confls  of  Sovrit-GuttiEA. 


JSJ 


Din  I 


lippM,  they 
r  on  rivcrj, 
res. 

t. 

inil  by  othiTv 

[)()ii\t,  wluili 

The  town 

id  fiili-  ol  it, 

iili'S  in  flivts 

l)y  inc.insol 
iniminicition 
li;  rivers,  tin; 

ii),''  tliL-  l.inJ, 

lii'iltl'iription 
.1  of  ihc  iiun- 
inis  i  liut  my 
VLT.il  I'.irtitu- 
Siii  pk'iiunt, 


VER. 

.^0,  to  that  nt 
rr,    the   (.o.lll 
,1.1  aiiil  wouily, 
lllCT  liviT  th.it 
hy  the  llol.an- 
i  not  iii-.uil  .my 
I   tr.ule.    The 
horih,  and  the 
rue  ch.innd  for 
L',  in  three  f.i- 
1  the  right  ro.ul 
.1  Crofi  i-ivcr, 
into  it,  ;ihove 
below  which, 
river  are  two 
other,  tall'd 
/i.',;(  (-J-  of  the 
of  the  Litter 


^ar  river,  jull 
HT  litili;  livtT 
call  to  A'.oJ,/ 
laffly,  and 
ill  that  lies  be- 
the  midil  ot 
vcr  licsafm.iU 
:.iUM   parrot'i 
lels  to  enter  it ; 
before,  on  the 
ther  channel  ii 
the  lak-town, 
ilmoll:  atliw.irt 
,  to  very  near 
l.ind,    leaving 
to  that  iHand, 

:ioncd  remarks 
[fea.and  as  eafv 
Ips.  It  is  well 
ilets  all  about, 
trade  with  the 


fjiir. 


Olhir  it- 


Blacks,  who  are  good  civiJizM  people,  and 
where  we  get,  in  their  proper  (r.Ubns  as 
at  /Vca/  CaLil'ir,  all  forts ofeat.iMes,  yams, 
bai;an.i<^,  lorn,  and  other  provifions  for  the 
flive^  which  we  barter  thrrc,  as  well  as 
tlej  hant's  i<(th,  and  I  lulievc  have  the 
grr.itell  (liare  of,  of  .iny  /■iiro/vanj. 

h  is  to  be  olilerved,  that  the  trade  goes 
on  there  very  flowly,  lever.d  fliips  bein^ob- 
lij'eil  to  ll.iy  cit;lit  or  ten  months,  actord- 
ii);;  to  the  circiimll.mces  of  tlie  natives, 
ni.d<iii!;  fill  tiieir  fhips  to  1  ir^',c  trees  on 
thelvmk  of  tiie  river,  to  lave  tlieircablis. 

'I'he  air  in  this  river  is  very  m.ilii^nant, 
an  1  occafions  a  great  mortality  among  our 
floors,  that  m.ike  any  long  (lay.  I  remem- 
ber, that  at  my  firll  voy.igc  into  diiiiiea, 
binginthe  frigate  eallM  the  .V/(f;  of  .fn.,*, 
I  met  at  lea,  in  croirmg  the  line,  ,in  Eiigli/fj 
tViboat,  boiwvl  lor  A'.t'/i,  but  full  for 
/'V(/,ri'si(l.ind,  whic!;  hail  but  five  men  of 
all  the  crew  .ible  to  hand  the  fads,  having 
b  >  n  ten  months  in  0!.l  Cdttbiir,  to  purclule 
about  three  hundred  flaves  of  wliich  one 
third  part, or  b;  tter,werc  th:n  d.  ad,tiio'  they 
hid  been  but  tinee  weiks  from  iii.it  river. 

The  //t/.j,'.'./  r.(,  of  all  tiie  other  Euro- 
■  t'Ciiii  Giii'ic'ii  traili rs,  can  kail  bear  with  the 
intanperature  ot  the  air,  in  O'd  Ca'.ahar  \ 
and  for  th.it  reafon,  as  well  as  for  the  tedi- 
oiifnefs  of  their  tr.ilTiek  there,  in  all  pro- 
bability, they  llldom  lend  their  Ihips  thiiliei : 
bifules  its  being  to  fituated  in  the  gulph, 
that  the  tide  alnioll  continually  runs  with 
great  violence  towards  dunaronei  river,  in 
the  circid.ir  pare  of  the  bight,  north  from  all 
the  co.ilt  round  it;  which  gives  a  great  fa- 
tigue to  jailors  that  come  out  of  Oid  Ca- 
liibar,  to  turn  up  a  (liip  for  three  weeks  or 
a  month  in  the  gulph  to  gain  7'>/wc'siflani', 
St.  I  horn-,  or  cape  ,le  L'ipr  Gonznlie.',  to  taki; 
in  tiefl)  water,  wood  and  provifions;  which 
is  alio  very  prijudicial  to  the  llavcs  aboard. 

Goods  imported. 

•T"  II  R  tnolt  current  govids  of  Europe  for 
■■  the  river  of  (Jul  ddab^r  to  purchale 
(lives  and  elephant*-,  teeth,  are  iron  bars,  in 
qi.iantiiy,  ami  chii'fly  ;  copper  bars,  blue 
rags,  tloth,  and  rtriped  Guiaeit  clouts  of 
inniy  colours,  horli;-bells,  hawks-bells, 
ranj^oes ;  pewter  balons  of  one,  two,  three 
and  four  pound  weight  -,  tankariis  of  ditto, 
of  one,  two  and  threepound  weight ;  beads, 
very  fniall,  and  glazed,  yellow,  green, 
purple  and  blue  i  purple  copper  armlets,  or 
arm-rings,  of  Angola  make  ;  but  this  laft 
lort  of  goods  is  peculiar  to  the  Porluguefe. 

Tlie  Biiicki  tliere  reckon  by  copper  bars, 
reducing  all  forts  of  gotxis  to  fucli  bars  ; 
for  example,  one  bar  of  iron,  four  copper 
bars ;  a  man-flave  fbi  thirty  eight  *,  and  a 
Woman  n.ive  for  thirty  fcvcn  or  thirty  fix 
copp-.r  bars. 


The  monkeys  of  Old  Cnlabar  are  vf ry  p .      ,t 
handfotne,  and  much  valued  in  Europe.         ^V^ 
It  may  {KThaps  not  be  .dtogcthir  uRKf!. **"•*'/'• 
to  inl(rt  here  a  few  words  of  the  OldCalu' 
biir  language. 

Give  me, 

S/eak, 

Sbrj/  me. 

To  truck. 

Good  and  fair, 

Linen, 

Bijons. 

Builds. 

yi  woman. 

AbLuk. 

Chickens, 

To'iiiurrow, 

After  to-morrow. 

Shew  me  the  like. 

GiVt'iiirfiiifftrongUquor. 

G:fc,i, 


n, 

Tata,  bibob, 

Sin^nme, 

l-ai-fay, 

i<'>ig-\otig, 

■^nquu, 

B.ifin, 

yalio, 

Laboucbet 

Negro, 

Cokeriko, 

Cikedeko, 

CiikedekufiHgo, 

Mill  im  be, 

Siiij^o  me  Crizake, 

Sinp  me  M'.omb'j, 

Kiiidi  mngue-i.oi.^u:' 

Cbap-cbaj;  ha 

I  or,  tat',  yll'. 

Meral/a,  Jl'atfr. 

To  conclude  this  chapter,  I  would  advifc 
fueh  as  are  to  carry  fliips  of  confi  lerable 
burthen  into  the  rivers  of  N,w  and  O  d  Cu' 
Idhir,  befides  obferving  the  before  men- 
tioned diredions,  to  found  the  proper  chan- 
nels and  d<ptlw  with  buts,  before  failing 
in  the  fliipi  and  to  mak.-  all  due  remarks, 
as  prudence  requires :  as  alio  to  take  the  .id- 
vice  of  lome  of  the  nativ  rs  lor  the  channels  j 
and  afterward  to  examine  if  it  be  lb,  with 
the  bo.u  ui  pinnace  ;  alTo  '-j  obfer'  e  the 
tides,  winds  and  depths,  and  rhe  fltuation 
of  the  lands  and  banks  ;  and,  if  pofTible, 
to  be  even  lb  curious,  ,is  to  make  particular 
charts  or  draughts  thereof ;  and  of  the  rivers 
for  prefent  and  future  ufes,  for  themlelves 
and  pofterity.  The  negleet  of  this,  in  moft 
fea-laring  men,  even  thole  who  have  had 
education,  is  much  to  be  lamented  among 
usi  very  many  fpending  their  whole  life 
in  travelling  from  one  part  of  the  univerle 
to  another,  and  very  often  to  and  from  the 
lame  places ;  who  neverthelefs  are  not  able 
to  ihow  what  ufe  th(  y  have  made  of  their 
lime,  in  any  obfervations  of  this  fort,  tlut 
may  be  ferviceablc  to  pollerity,  as  well  as 
to  themlelves.  Had  this  been  praCliled  in 
former  generations,  and  even  in  this  prefent, 
fince  navigation  is  become  fblamili.irto  the 
meanefl  capacities  i  ardfuch  multitudes  of 
men  have  vifited,  more  than  once,  the  bell 
parts  of  the  known  world,  feveral  of  them 
having  been  at  many  coafts,  harbours  and 
rivers ;  we  fliould  be  now  better  furnifhed 
with  f:xi€i  maps  and  ciiarrs  thereof,  and 
many  fliips  and  men  had  been  faved  who 
liave  perilhed,  in  all  parts  of  the  world, 
thro'  thi;  ignorance  of  the  commanders, 
or  thro'  their  own  neglcft:    an  inlhmce 

whereof 


iv  "?;^^M' !;  Mb 


:i': 


5! 


H;  M 


^k 


K^jt. 


'! 


RiS-'Ml 'i 


384 


y^  Dcfcriptlon  of  the 


BookIV' 


llAtiP...  wliprcof,  I  luve,  M  my  own  toll,  in  ilu- 
^^V>^  d'/ //A«  trit;.it,  wlii^h  lomc-  lulv.  ntunis  ot 
l.i,hdni  ami  inylill  luil  fiital  nut  in  1697, 
tor  \<w  L.ii'l'ar  rivc  r  i  ntnl  .ilt  r  a  very 
j)ror;iv rolls \ oyij-V '"'d rrMU-,  in tlirci-  inomlis 
tx.ii'tly  troin  tlii'  Douik  m  tint  nvir,  h.i- 
viii^;  m  tli.it  ||U(C  t-ikin  in  ilmi:  huiKlri\l 
.111  I  lilty  ll.ivi-M  w.is  inilir.iUl,  i.ill  .iw.iy 
on  lii.it  Uir,  lonuiij^  mil  to  proital  10 
'/.iiHiii.!,  in  tlic  I1.U  \MMtliir  (li.it  iDiilkl  he 
wI.IkiI  i  tliioiigU  ilic  mulii'lol  tl.c  ofHars, 
iuul  lor  w.ini  ot  t.ikinu  ilne  olilcrv.itions 
i.l'ilii.  ili.iniui,  .iiul  not  hivint-;  li'nll-c-iioii^li, 
wli-.n  tl'.i-  lliij)  li.ul  I'm  gently  toiicliM  iin- 
iIi.ii.ilVil  <'n  llic  Ikiri  ot  ilif  b.ir,  to  till 
iipiju.i  tiicrc,  .uvl  knoik  out  the  ln'.uis  of 
iill  till'  w.itrr-i.ilki  to  lii^htcn  lur.  But  all 
the  iT-w  tiot  into  the  loni^  ho.it,  .mJ  run 
iillionr  at  liaii,l}i  U-avint^  tin-  llu)>  witli 
.ill  hu-  l.iiU  out',  and  all  the  llavts  in  her, 


to  Iv  tollnl  to  anil  fro  for  three  ilayi  in  the 
(hannri,  till  at  lilt  it  was  Iplit  in  \)k\i:s, 
aticr  till-  kin[5  ol  //(i»/./v  had  lint  Itvrr.il 
canuct  aboard  htr,  which  took  out  all  tiie 
llavis,  and  the  licll  part  ol  lur  riy^in^ 
ami  utiiifils  lur  hiinlilt :  biit^;  ania/iil  ,ind 
iiuirhrur|iriri'd  at  ihc  londu..'!  ot'our  |HU|>K'i 
nuill  ol  wlioindiLiI  thirc,  amlli)iiH'  h  w,  altir 
ilui'i'inonih'>ltiy  in  mili  ry  among  tlu'/i'/.i,  (1, 
t;oi  thiir  [lalliigf  in  a  /'o'.'/(|f;(r7i' Ihipovcr 
to  Si.  •Irani;  and  ihrmi  attirwards  to  lino. 
I.iiiil,  It  was  a  gnat  liirpiilc  to  tiicad- 
vi-nturcrs,  to  lu-ar  of  thiir  arrival  Ikti', 
whin  wc  ixjurti'd  k'ttirs  from  'Jiimnii.t, 
with  an  account  ot  the  lliipN  arri\.il  there 
witi'  a  y;ood  i.ilno  ot  lil.uh;  wiiich  \\.v% 
no  Ill's  I'xpii'tid  ihiTf  liy  many  ot  the  plan- 
urs,  th'.ii  in  gnat  w.uu  ot  lH.uii,  who 
at  that  tiiiK  yiiKlcilluriy  pounds  a  nun. 


C   H    A    P.     IX. 

Ainbozcs  c'nutry 


Rio  del   Key.    CalbonRcs  ii,iiiou 

The  lojir  to  Rio  (iahoii.  Angra  riici 
ijluuis.  Ciipc  St.  Clare,  (jabun  mur 
il'llcl  bciifti.     Rclii.io/i. 


Citna rones  rher. 
Corilco  ifhiiuL     JMtJiiclicroa 
Poii^o  ijiiiiuh-    Qoixynmcut. 


u  I  o   I)  t:  I.  U  r  V. 
PKOM  the-  i-all  point   of  OU  C.il.ih.ir 
*    nvii,  to  the  wcll-lu-ad  or  lape,  ot  the 
mouth   ot  Jiio  ,y  Key,   the  loall  extends 
.ilioiir  ten  liMgui  s  eaft  and  wc  IK 
,\/,uJ,  /,.        'I'liis  rivir  ,i'c-t  Key   is  very  cifiiy  known 
tiiiv  the   coming  from  the  wellward,  by  the  i-xtiinu- 
""•■•        high  Lnds  of  /imbofef,  fituated   betwixt  it 
and  A';;  C.,im.iroii:-i,  which  appear  at  foiith- 
e.ill,  .IS  we  go  into  Rh  <lrl  Kfv,    lb  th.it 
it  is  inipofTihle  to  mils  it ;  the  mouth  look- 
ing liki  a  deep  large  bay,    running  to  the 
norihward  feven  or  eight  It.igues  wide  in  the 
fntrame,  trum  the  well  point  to  the   op- 
fite    (iile  out    and   in.      Sonuwliat   out  to 
iVa  .ire  two  ridges  or  rows  ot  poles   fixed 
in  the  lea,  c.dkd  a  fithcry,  tiie  Bliuks  pro- 
bably t'allningnets  there  to  catch  filh.     A- 
boiit  them  ij  eight  fathom  water. 
Vqthff       The  depth  of  the  river's  mouth   three 
thtrhir.  and  a  half  and  three  t.ithom,   ouzy  ground, 
and  every  where  free  from  llio.ilsand  lands, 
except   niar    the    ealt-fhore,     where   it   is 
fomewhat  toul  within.     Tiie  channel  is  ex- 
aiftly  in  the  middle. 

The  fliore  is  flat,  low  and  fwampy  on 
both  fides }  and  the  river  comes  down  from 
the  north  very  wide  for  a  great  way  up, 
with  many  villages  on  theeaft  and  weft  bunks, 
and  it  receives  many  others  that  fall  into 
it  on  both  fides ;  on  which  are  alfo  feveral 
villages  and  hamlets. 

The  trading  place  on  the  weft  point  of 
the  mouth  ot  the  river,   is  a  village  com- 


Ui  ciurfr. 


TrMd'mg 


monly  well  inhabited,    being  feated  on   .1 
fm.ill  river   that  lolis  itfell   in  Rio, I,'  AV'v, 
fomewhat  within  the  mouth,    the  little  one 
being   navigable   tor  Hoops.      The  Diiub 
have  the  greatell   fliaic  of  tr.ide  there   in 
yaWits  li'iit  tioin  Min.i,  on  ihc  (1»I(1  Co.ii! ; 
whole  cargo  lonfills  molUy  of  linall  cop- 
|H-r-bars,  ot  the  lame  fort  .is  mentioned  ac 
0  li  C.iiLilhu;  iron-bars,  coral,  brals-b.Uons, 
ot  the  refiife  goodsot'the  (!o'il-C'i,i)l  •, bloom- 
colour  beads  or  bugles,  and  purple  copper 
armlets  or  rings,  made  ,it  l.o.uuLi    in  .ln' 
gola,  and  piellis  for  lemons  and  oranges. 
In  exchange  for  which,  they  yearly  export 
trom    thence  tour    or  live   huudnd  flaves, 
and  about    ten   or    twebe    tun  wi  iglit  of 
fsne    large  teeth,    two   or  three   ot    which 
commonly  weigh  above  an  hundred  weight; 
betides  jlccors,  javelins,  and  Ibme  Ibrts  of 
knives,  which  the  Blaiks  there  make  to  pcr- 
fedion,  and  are  proper  for  the  trade  ot  the 
GolilCoajl.     The  /luory  is  to  be   found  no 
where  but  at  Rio  del  Hey,  and  thence  along 
to  Camii roues  river. 

The  inconveniency  th.'rc  is,  that  tlie  airw«ir, 
in  the  river  i^  alwiys  tlick  and  very  Ibggy, 
and  the  country  atVons  no  other  Irefli  wa- 
ter, but  what  the  Backi  gather  trom  the 
tops  of  their  hoiil'es  when  it  rains.  So  that 
the  yachts,  or  other  vellels  whic  h  go  to  tr.idc 
there,  muft  t.ike  in  their  piovilion  ol  wa- 
ter elfewherei  tor  what  they  could  get  there, 
will  coft  very  dear. 

!      .  Cal- 


.WA',v. 
Miarkai)! 
niouiit.iii 

the  .V;'',;;; 

anil  ree 
pike  of 
Aw  w/  / 
Cimarnn, 
f'om  A'/, 
ro'in,  ti 
V  o  (. 


3ook1V»  I  Chap.  9.  Confls  of"  So  jth-Guinf.a. 


,ys  in  tlw 

It  pittes, 
u  IcvitaI 
lit  .(II  the 

nt-t-iiiK 
i.i/iil  ,\nil 
jr  |KO|'Ki 
I.  w,  .ilur 
lu'/i'/iliivi, 
Ihijiovcr 
lIs  to  /'.i/e- 
0  the  .ul- 
iv.il   Ikti', 

'Jiimnh.:, 
riv.il  tlurc 
viiich  w,\» 

tlic  I'l.m- 
,.'iA-j,  who 
>  a  iiuii. 


38? 


1CS  rtfcr. 

louclicion 
vcntmctit. 


rcitiil  on  a 
^'irt  ,/, '  Rf), 
lir  link-  one 
I'hc  Dut.b 
|ilc  there  in 

(iiiall  cop- 
iiendoncel  ac 
ils-l),ilons, 
//  ililoom- 
ik-  copper 
/,;    ill  An- 
I  or;iiigi.'S. 
arly  ixport 
Hil  fl.ives, 
Wriij;,!lt  ot 
ot   which 
rf il  weight  •, 
nu-  Ibits  ot 
ii.ike  to  pcr- 
traile  ot  the 
lountl  no 
thence  along 

that  the  airBiir<iiir. 
very  foggy, 
KT  Irclli  Nva- 
ler  troiii  the 
ins.  So  tiuc 
l\i;oto  tr.ide 
ilion  ot  wa- 
jkl  get  there, 

Cal- 


mil 


r.:l, 


Cai.ii()N(ies  Nation, 

Till'',  n.itinn  ol  the  C<i//"«([fi  inh.iliiting 
.ilwiul  the  ii|)pci  riul  of  Hi')  ih-l  lifv, 
ami  Ivini^a  p.ut  (ifiiu  pioplc  in  the  .inc  lent 
i;(()|»r,ipliy  i.iilM  .Vv/.wui  .Klhiiji'^,  which 
iiolli  fs  the  tract  ot  l.iml  from  thi'- river  to 
i.ip  I iKinolii  wtllw.irti,  ,ire  .1  very  llroiin  ro- 
l)ull  peopk',  lull  vriy  poor  anJ  kn.ivilh, 
.ilw.'.ys  re.,  'y  i>>  ch"it  K:i<-f>(>c.if.i,  upon  e- 
very  opporuiniiy  thit  offers  \  fo  that  it 
In-hiivis  thole  wlio  ile.ii  with  them  to  be 
lomii.'.iill"  iipoitlieir  niiar.l. 

Huili  men  .iiui  wiiiiu  II  wi  ar  iiiiiy  a  l)are 
fiii:^!i  Jiiut,!)),i.li  ol  lv,rl>-  or  ll.ix,  .iliout  liu-ir 
w.iilk  TIkv  are  g.n  r.illy  .1  nsiI.I  Utiitilli 
r,ue,  very  i  r'l.l  .111 1  u.m  iturai  •,  infuiniieh, 
that  amoii;;  iluinit  b  ininnion  lor  .1  taili.r 
toll  11  hi^ihlklr<n,  .1  lailltinil  hi  wie  s,  ,iik1 
i  hioth'T  Hii  liif.  IS,  or  other  n  l.itioiis. 

They  aro  .'llo  very  ii.illy,  l>oth  in  their 
hollies  .ml  perjonsi  anil  many otth,' 111, iles 
i.irry  ti:  ir  irivy-iivMihets  in  a  Ibitof  e.,le 
tluy  t'albn  to  t;..ir  mi. 1. lie  %  tliol'e  c.il.s  b.- 
ii\^  noo.hi  th.ri  .>  nirro.v  lon^  e.ilibilh. 
O.li'i  liivc  yeta  llr.inij;ertiiliioii  i  which  is 
to  tie  lip  will  .1  thr  ,i<l  theeiul  ot  the  torc- 
fl;in,  anil  lo  ciukilethf  meinb.r:  .uul  both 
tliifu  lort  of  m.'n  (T.o  ll.irk-iiakeJ,  ,is  they 
f.iine  I'loni  lluir  iiio'.hvr's  woiiib,  iineiiin^ 
tJKir  boili<>  ail  (>V(  r  wi;h  a  leii  fort  of  lUill  ; 
.in.l  h.\in|^  lever..!  Il.irson  iheir  foriiie.uN, 
m.ule  with  a  rnl  hot  iron  or  pincers  ; 
I'laitiii';  th.  ir  hair  many  ilili'erent  w.iys, 
anil  Hlin^  their  teeth  as  lliarp  as  neeJlei, 
like  the  .'i'rJ7(/<<  R.a.k). 

Their  way  of  clearing  themlllves  of 
crinu".  laiil  to  their  i  h.ir|j,e,  is  to  make  .m 
iiuifion  in  th.  ir  arm,  .iiul  fuck  mu  their 
own  blool.  Which  is  likcuile  piat'lileil 
by  the  p'ople  o\'  /!m'"Zf-<,  /Imlo  aiul  lior- 
tir\,  bearing  irrcvOiicileabK'  hatreii  to  the 
C(j.'/''.',i;'M,  becaufj  thcfe  arc  very  wickvil 
ilcciitiiil  enemies  to  tlv.m  aiul  oilier 
nci'Jihbo.ir'-. 

Thele  wicked  Ciil!>'»'<^rs  have  the  kinj;- 
iloin  ot  Ci'o'i  on  the  north,  from  wlience 
ci)m..s  jafper  an  1  flaves,  .is  has  been  ob- 
li-rveil.  Till  ir  [iriniip.il  employment  is  lilh- 
iiig  in  the  rivers,  which  are  riciily  lloreil 
with  various  kiiuls  ot  filh. 

Am  DOZES  Country. 
"Y"  H  F-  territory  of  Ambozcf,  wh.ich,  I 
*  faiil  b.fore,  is  fituated  between  Rio 
<IA  R'\,  ami  fiio  Camaioies,  is  very  re- 
marhaiiie  for  the  immenle  height  of  the 
mountains  it  has  near  the  fea-fliore,  which 
the  Sj'ivii'.ints  call  A'ta-Ticira  tie  Ambozi, 
,mil  recivon  fome  ot  them  as  high  as  the 
pike  of  Tt'iunjre.  The  coall  runs  iVom 
lilo  del  Ri'K  m  fuuth-eaft  -,  the  little  river 
Ciimaronci  Pfqiir'io,  lies  about  five  leagues 
fioiii  Ri(j  ikl  key  ;  from  it  to  c.ipe  Cama- 
ro'n-s,  the  northern  poiflC  of  Rio  Camarona 
V  o  I..    V, 


Grandf,  the  null  is  low  ami  womiy,  muchnuuior. 
more  than  it  is  from  LiilU  Cumarona  to  v^Y^' 
Kio  .lei  Rey. 

Thin  I  iitle  C.im.ire>i''i  river  is  properly 
a  br.imhof  (i),.it  ('.nii(iro>.<\  river,  .uul  lii- 
viiles  it  lilt  loii.iiig  out  trom  the  l.itter 
into  three  l)ranches  1  .ill  three  riinniiit'  thro' 
the   lanli^  ol    the  ./  ,    into  the  great 

hili:  fid  iKtww.  tlu  tul  ol  which  be- 

ing the  thiril  liver,  \-a{\    ot  Riu  del 

R'\,  is  I  ,illei|  (J',1  C.i.  II.  ei  by  the  Li:fi:Jh, 
I'liisihirilbraiu  luiiviilej  ..  Iilfap,.iin  intotwo 
oih.r  br.mclus,  at  .1  ililkmie  In  u  i ,11  h 
cthir,  running  toloiiih  eall  ,in.l  louth  loiith- 
e.ill  into  the  (iii\il  Cimaicii  >  rinr.  Anil 
thus,  \Mtli  thcoie.in.loiiii  three  ill.iiuls  in  the 
tenitory  ot  ,/vi/:  :  <,  wherein  are  tiie  highell 
moiint.iins,  whu  h  exteiul  mar  to  the  north 
poini  or  lu.iil  t)f  C,i,,il  C.im.i'cres.  And 
.it  well  anil  loutli-well  of  O.J  Camari.et 
river,  .ire  tiiree  rouml  ill  uuls  olVat  It.i,  two 
or  three  lea|',u.s  tioni  the  m.iiii,  as  lolty 
ami  hi;',!i  l.iml,  as  tlu  <ipp,)(ite./;>,'vA-,j  hills'. 
Thele  illamls  are  calK\l  by  the /^;^  (>,,  /  ,  ;/,„, 
I.h.is  .Jmkzs;  the  eh.iniicl  In  t\Mxt 'them;/.j';./i 
anil  tile  iiuiiii  is  liven  t.illiom  ikep  -,  tho' 
Irom  fom,-  ilill  11  ce  oli'  at  lea  they  llen» 
to  touch  the  oppofitc  contimnt,  wiiirh  is 
propeily  the  tlicCt  of  the  immenfc  aliituilc 
of  tlie  hills,  on  eiiher  li.le  the  liianntl,  lb 
thit  the  biggell  tirll  i.iie  may  l.iil  through 
it  with  lalety  i  tlie  tiile  there  rimning  as 
the  wind  fits.  The  moll  northern  iilanJ 
of  the  three,  lies  four  le.ii;,ues  lioin  the  VVy- 
e.iru  or  Jilhery  of  Rio  a.l  Rty,  and  the  moll 
louthcrn  ot  them  five  leagu.sto  the  north 
ot  cape  C,iiiiari,)i,-s,  being  the  hi^;hefl  land 
of  them  all  Mh\  the  1  irgeft ;  the  other, 
which  is  the  fm.'.lLll,  lie,  betw;.\i  the  two 
tormer. 

'J"!ioi-gh  thefr  little  ilkinds  look  but  like 
large  lofty  rocks  at  a  liill.ince ;  yet  they 
fw-.rm  with  people,  and  are  lb  fertile,  ifpe- 
ci.illy  in  pilni  wine  and  oil,  that  the  foil 
proihiies  inougli  to  liiblill  liie  inhabit. 'nts, 
it  is  lurpnliiig  to  find  there  luch  abun- 
dance ot  p.dm-trees,  w!u  n  there  is  not  one 
to  be  fen  on  the  oiipofite  continent.  The 
Ita  about  tlic  ill.inils  .iboiinds  in  many  forts 
of  good  lifh  •,  wlnih  is  ot  great  advantage 
to  the  ifl.mders. 

The  road  for  rrading-fliips,  iseaflof  the 
moil  Ibuthern  illand.     The   inhabitants  for 
the  moil  p.irt  underlland  Pi.rtngi'.ife  pretty 
well,  bur  are  the  worll  R! liks  of  all   Gui- 
tiea.     They  form  a  Ion  of  common-wealth 
of  the  three  iflands,  making  continual  de- DI.10I15 
fcents  with  their  canoes,    on  the   territory  ''"'  ''^' 
of   Ambozes  on    the  main,    and   get  from  ^  "**'"'• 
thence  in  their  inciirfions  a   val^  quantity 
ot  provifions  -,  and  have  no  other  commerce 
with  thofe people. 

The  territory  of  Jmh'z,-i,  comprtht  nds  j.,-^/„„ 
feveral  villages  on  the  welt  of  cape  Cama- 
5  I'"  rcnei. 


tl.i 


■x  *  t 


'  ■ .    :!  irt.i 


■Iti 


■If''  I 


m 


.!.  y 


!  .i 


m 


^^• 


W'i 


^mhrn- 


"'k 


iili'^ 


'I.  ! 


ii-';; 


Mi    !'■■ 


3^6 


A  Description  of  the 


Book  IV. 


Ra-jhot  ronfi,  amongft;  which  are  thofe  of  Cc[\i^cu 
••WJ ;?',/;  and  nodiwa,  where  there  is  a  httle 
trade  for  fl  ivcs,  ami  for  //rfory.  The  Uol- 
UmUrs  trade  there  nioft  of  all  Europeans,  and 
ixporc  flaves  for  the  fame  forts  of  goods, 
they  life  to  imixjrt  at  liio  itd  Re\. 
Sttmti  tf  -j-j^g  /}/,„,(•,  there  have  the  lame  names 
ibr  numlicrs  as  thofe  of  CumnioiKs  :  one  is 
mo  ;  two  ha  ;  tiiree  melella  ;  four mdcy  jand 
five  matti'i,  l£c. 


■ittmieri. 


cients.  Th:s  territory  of  Amhozcs,  as  I 
have  hinted  before,  is  cut  thro'  by  branches 
of  rivers  coming  from  Great  and  Lil/leCa- 
maroiirs  rivers  into  feveral  large  iflands  ;  the 
f.irihell:  whereof  in  Camaronei,  is  cali'd  Av- 
grey,  in  which  is  IVbiti'hay,  and  the  next  to 
it  at  weft  Nfgary.  Near  to  which,  ar.i! 
at  its  weft- fide,  is  the  head  called  by  tli, 
Englijh,  the  high-point,  oppofite  to  Rio 
dc  Bore,  at  the  fouth-eaft   fide  of  Cam,i- 


The  country  of  Ambozcs  is  very  fertile    rotiei,  where  is  a  fmall  village  of  fiflurmfi;, 

''  '^  '  being  fome  Icigues  diilanc  from  S-^-al) ^ 
poinr,  that  lies  on  the  fame  contineni 
fouth-weft  of  it. 

Above  M'miimbafiba-galt  before- menti- 
oned, being  the  third  fiiiall  river  entiing 
from  the  eaft  into  Rio  Camnraiies,  is  a  vil- 
lage called  Bi'leha  ;  and  farther  to  thenorth- 
eall  of  it,  on  the  river  Camarnnes,  another 


R 


Camarones  Rivhr. 
10  Citf.jyoufi,  by  fome  called  'Jamoer, 


in  all  the  forts  of  plants  and  fruits  of  Qiii- 
tiea,  except  palm-trees,  of  which  not  one 
is  to  bf  feen,  a;.  I  hive  already  hintetl  •,  and 
to  fupply  the  defeifl  of  palm-wine,  they 
make  a  liiiuor  for  their  ufual  drink,  of 
a  certain  root  cali'd  Gajanlai^  boiled  in  wa- 
ter, which  is  not  difagreeable  ;  andisbefides 
a  remedy  for  tiie  cholick. 

They  hive  great  (lores  of  poultry,   and    great  town  called  Bidfiira,  the  capita!  ci!yB,.f. 
othereatable  animal>:  for  which  reafon  ma-    of  all  thofe   lands;  that  ot' A/^vy/rt,  isnc.irtr;, 
ny  Ei(ro,\:H   lliips  take  provifions  and  re-     the  A^igcr,  the  metropolis  of  the  kingilom 
frefiiments  there.  of  Xledni,  and  another  nanuil  Teheldira. 

The  lands  oppofite  to  tiie  latter  pLu/.s, 
on  the  north  oi  Rio  Ctii/uirriirs,  are  inhabitcil 
by  th    Cidhongei,  and,  as  I  have  fa  id  before, 
at  whiih  ends  Guinea,  and  commences    extend  to  the  upper  part  of  Rio  dd  AV., 
the  lower  or  weftern  Etbioiia,  in  the  king-     and  arc  a  ftrong  luIVy  people,  very  knavilli 
dom  of  BuVdra  ;  being  part  of  the  nation    and  treacherous  dealers,  and  miferably  poor, 
called  in  ancient  geography /^iZ-J^j/wC'V  /€tbi-    continually  at    war    with    the    Camarona 
opes.  This  river  falls  into  the£//w//VA- ocean,    Blacks,  living  higher  on  that  river,  gover- 
through  a  wide  fpacious  mouth  ;  yet  is  it    ned  by  a  chief  of  their  own  tribe,  called 
only  navigable  for  yachts  and  brigantines,     by  them  Moneba;  who  is  eftecmcdthe  mofl 
and  that  with  much  difficulty.  confiderable   perlbn  of  all    that    country, 

On  the  fouth  fide  of  the  mouth  lies  the    and  commonly  rcfides  high  at  a  feat  of  his,  on 
little    bufflers-ifiand,    from  which  ftretches    a  rifing  ground,  which  is  by  nature  the  moll Ckti., 
out  fouth  fouth-wefl  a  fiielf  of  finall  rocks    fweet  and  plealant  dwelling-place  of  all  the/"- 
lb  ftcep,  that  fliips   may  fail  fafe  clofe  by    coaft  of  the  gulph  of  Guinea,  both  for  a 
it,  in  fix  fathom  water,  and  fo  by  the  other    delightful  profpeft  and  wholefome  air:  .is 
rocks  that  appear  within  the  mouth  of  this    alfo  the  fertility  of  the  foil  about  it,  plenti- 
river,  on  the  ftarboard  and  l.irboard   fides    fully  fupplying  him    with  yams,  ban.uws, 
of  the  channel, which  is  cxadly  in  the  middle,    palm  and   Bordoii-wp.e,  befides  other  pro- 
wlieie  it  is  three  fathom  deep.     For  fome    vifions  of  the  country, 
leagues  up,  tlu  tides  of  flood  .uid   ebb  go         The  houfes  there  are  fqu.ire.     The  peo- 
in  and  out  conftantly  very  fwiftly.  pie  drive  (ome  trade  with  Etnopcnis,    \u- 

iwofmtll  T'l^  proper  anchoring-place  is  before  the  ving  (tore  of  teeth,  /?<ror)' and  fi.ives,  which  Tr.uf 
tiveri.  mouth  of  a  little  river,  coming  from  the  they  aflbrd  us  at  very  realbnable  rates.  Be- 
country  at  eaft  into  Camarones,  on  which 
lies  a  vilLige.  This  licde  river  is  called 
by  the  Blaiks  Moimca  ,  and  by  the  1/ollaii- 
ilers  Ta>ute-X'il'-  And  farther  up  in  Cama- 
rones, anil  on  the  lame  fide  is  another  little 
river   fallin};   alfo  into  it,    called   by  the 


Tlie  chm- 
l>rl. 


fides  iron  and  copper-bars,  brais-pots  and 
kettles,  hammer'd  ;  bugles, or  beails.hloonv 
colour,  purple,  orange  and  lemon  colour  -, 
ox-horns,  Heel  files,fcfc  arethechoiceftiioods 
to  get  flaves  for.  The  Accords  is  commonly 
purchas'd  for //./cr/tw  cloths,  and  fome  o- 


Dutch  Moniimbiifiba-gatt  ;  on  the  banks  of    ther  ftufts  of  Europe,    of  th-  fo.  ts  imi'or- 
which,  is  the  town  where  itrtrc/>f«;H  trade. 

On  the  northern  fides  of  C.marcnes,  for 
a  good  way  up,  lie  the  lands  of  Ambozes, 
having  a  long  ridge  of  mountains  extend- 
ing far  inland,  at  north  north-eaft,  which 
ancient  geographers  (all  Aranga-Moni  \  and 


ted  at  Rio  del  Rey,  and  all  other   t;  :ding 
places  in  the  guhh. 

The Filacls  of  C.^war^wcjare generally  rall,.N.iih/i 
lufly,well-fluped  men  ;  of.i  fine  fmoothlkin, 
but  very  long-!eg;^M.     Ancient  geograj'hy 
calls   them  .hb-lJica  Ailhiofes,    being  the 


IS  properly  the  li'paration  of  the  coaft  of    greateft  nation  nf  the  weftern  Eibiofia,  now 
Guinea    proper,  from  that  of  the  _^weftern    pniperly  fo  cali'd,    and  formerly  //c/Jwi'j 


Eibiojjiti,  or  the  Ikf/trii/Etbiojcs,  of  the  an-    /Etbiopa. 


*tbt 


Book  IV.  I  Chap.  9» 


Coafts  of  South-Guinea* 


387 


tihozes,  as  1 
'  by  branches 
nc\  Utile  Ca- 
■  ifl.mds  i  the 
is  call'd  Nc- 
the  ncxc  tri 
which,  ami 
:alled  bythi-. 
ofite  CO  Rin 
e  of  Caiih'- 
of  finurmei;, 
rom  S-^\il:-l  a 
no    contineni 

icfore-menii- 
iver   eiuriiig 
iiies,  is  ;i  vil- 
•  to  tlic-  north- 
o/.'«,  another 
:  capital  ciiy  i5,jf,.^ 
I,\lra,  is  nc.ir ((■■;,. 
the  kin<;;ilom 
1  rcheldmi. 
l.itttT  place's, 
are  inhabited 
vela  ill  before, 
Rio  dd  Re\, 
,  very  knaviili 
liferably  poor, 
le    Camarcnci 
river,  j^over- 
tribe,  called 
:mcd  the  moll 
:hat    country, 
I  feat  of  his,  on 
•ture  the  moll  Cxrn. 
ilace  of  all  the/""- 
|(7,  both  for  a 
lelome  air:  ,is 
lUt  it,  plenti- 
,ms,  ban.mas, 
|cs  other  pro- 

fe.     'Ihe  peo- 

In.ives,  which  Tr.ijf 
)le  rates.    Be- 
•rafs-pots  and 
|bcads,bloom- 
'mon  colour ; 

hoiccrtt!oods 

is  commonly 

and  lonie  0- 

Ib.ts  inipor- 

ither   t;  .ding 

Generally  t.ill,X"<iii 

frnoolh  ikiii, 
lit  gcograi'hy 
Ij,  being  the 
y.th'wlia,  now 
jierly  lL[i]c'iii 

the 


Lrum 
p,rl. 


The  Coast  lo  Rio  Gabon, 

FROM  Sivaleba  point,  on  the  fouth  fide 
of  the  mouth  of  Catnarones  river  1  the 
coaft,    as  far  as  Rio  Gubon,    being  about 
feventy  leagues   fouth  by  weft;  affords  no- 
thing confidcrablc  in  trade  •,  which  is  the 
chief  fubjeft  of  thisdefcription  of  Gtiiiwa: 
and  confeqiiently  being  little  frequented  by 
Europeans,  I  cannot  fay  much  of  it.     How- 
ever, take  the  following  general  obferva- 
.  tions. 
itoroj  ""l    The  coaft  from  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Boibj"-  Camaroiies   runs   fouth  by  eaft  to  Rio  de 
""■       Boto.1  or  Bono  about  ten  leagues,  in  which 
fp.ice  the  river  Borha  cuts  it  through,  fal- 
ling into  the  gulph,  much  nearer  to  Cama- 
roiies than  to  Boroa :    not  far  from  which, 
is  the  ifl.md  Branca  or  Baraeomho,    about 
two  leagues  and  a  half  diltant  from  the  con- 
tinent, oppofite  vveftward   to  the    ifland  of 
lernamh  Poo,  and  ten  leagues  from  it. 

The  iflmd  Braiha  has  feveral  forts  of 
fruit  and  birds  •,  among  which  is  that  par- 
ticular l'pe(  ies  before-mentioned  in  the  de- 
llription  of  Srjiro. 

The  female  fex  there  are  accounted  the 
molt  mtemp?rately  brutilh  of  any  in  Guinea, 
as  openly  and  impudently  proltituting  them- 
I'clves  in  the  fight  of  all  men. 

Some  years  ago,  a  Diiteh  fliip  happening  to 
anchor  there,  a  (loop  foon  came  aboard  with 
twenty  eight  Blacks,  one  of  whom  had  a 
drum  and  a  hollow  (licK,  like  a  flute-, 
and  another,  whole  face,  arms  and  breaft 
were  wiiite,  held  in  one  hand  a  green 
branch  and  a  bell,  and  in  the  other  a  little 
bird,  about  as  big  as  a  fparrow,  which  he 
now  and  then  let  fly  off  upon  the  deck,  and 
whilft  dilcourfing  with  them  he  often  rung 
!iie  bell,  as  it  were  to  exprefs  his  fur- 
(irife  at  what  the  Dutib  gave  them  lo  un- 
il.rlbmd,  by  figns  anti  gettures.  Some  of 
tiie  Dutih  going  afliore  afterwards,  obfcr- 
vcd  in  tlu'  village  of  thofe  people,  a  (mall 
hut  about  three  foot  high,  wherein  was  an 
earthen  pitcher  covered  with  a  net,  which 
the  natives  would  never  permit  them  to 
t.ikeoffi  and  juft  by  the  pitcher  they  faw 
the  figure  of  a  child  cut  in  a  piece  of 
wood  very  oddly,  with  Ibmc  fiiiall  fifli-bones 
diruft  into  and  rouml  about  one  eye,  fup- 
pofed  to  be  the  idol  of  thofe  j)eople.  They 
alio  rook  notice,  that  thofe  Blacks  obferv'd 
circumcilion,  but  did  not  ditcover  they  had 
any  notion  ot  a  deity,  or  any  religious  fer- 
vice. 

From  Rio  de  Boroa  to  Rio  do  Campo  is  fil- 
tcen  leagues,  in  which  fpacc  the  Porttiguefe 
maps  I  have  by  me,  made  by  the  king  of 
Poriui^al's  command, -fet  down  four  ports 
or  villages,  which  no  other  European  nation 
tak:^s  any  notice  of.  They  are  fouth  of  Rio 
df  Boroa,  And  caW ii  Serra  Guerrei' a,  An^ra 
do  libeo,    Pao  da  Nao  and  Porto  de  Gnrapo. 


This  lafl:  is  there  reprcfcntcd  as  a  large  deep  Barhot." 
bay.  Only  one  modern  Englijh  chart  of  tl-.c  v^>/^ 
gulph  hints  fomething  of  this  laft  port, 
calling  it  point  Pan,  wiiere  it  notes  good  an- 
choring, near  the  fouthermoll  point  of  the 
bay,  between  the  cape  and  a  fmall  ill.ind,  on 
the  fouth-weft  of  which  is  fifteen  fithom 
water. 

The  fame  EngUp  map  alfo  mentions 
thereby,  two  round  hills  at  fome  little  di- 
ftance  of  the  coail,  and  calls  them  Nav:a  ; 
making  the  hills  to  extend  inland  from  the 
point  of  Pan,  to  the  northern  banks  of 
Rio-Campo,  and  noting  good  anchorage  in 
fifteen  fathom  water,  near  the  north  hcail  or 
point  of  the  mouth  of  the  laid  river.  But 
the  Dutch  charts  mention  no  places  at  all 
betwixt  the  rivers. 

From  Rio  do  C.imjo  to  Rio  de  S.  Bcnto, s.Bcntd 
is  ten  leagues  fouth  by  well,  in  which  fp.ice  riifr. 
the  {imt  Porlui^ntiy  charts  letdown  feveral 
rocks  along  the  fliore,  called  B.iixn;  de  Pedra, 
fouth  of  which  is  a  |)ort  call'd  D;^.-j  Pontas  ; 
and  according  to  the  Eng!i//j  chart,  Ibmc 
few  leagues  fouth  of  the  river  Camro  is  a  bay 
pretty  lieep.,  inlantl  and  wide,  called  Ba^  de 
Balo,  where  is  good  anchorage  in  fixteen 
fathom  water,  over  againll  the  north  head 
of  the  bay,  and  twenty  off  the  fouthern 
head  of  the  Hime.  It  likewile  takes  notice 
of  a  long  ridge  of  little  hills  inland,  that 
extends  from  Rio  do  Canijo,  live  or  fix  leagues 
fouthward,  and  marks  a  very  high  promon- 
tory at  the  north  point  of  the  mouth  of 
Rio  deS.  Bento,  in  the  form  of  a  femicircle, 
extending  from  well  to  eafl:  along  the  ri- 
ver's entrance  ;  before  which  is  a  bank  or 
flioal,  of  three  leagues,  along  the  north  fide 
of  it,  near  which  the  channel  is  fix,  five, 
and  four  fathom  going  in.  It  ado  llippoles 
another  river,  coming  into  S.  Bcnto,  trotn 
the  eaft  north-eall,  call'd  Rio  Toz.i,  and  ano- 
ther lefs,  call'd  Rio  Mod.i,  falling  into  ths 
lame  on  the  foutli  fiJe. 

From  Rio  de  S.  Bento,  to  the  north  point 
of  the  bay  o\'  Angra,  is  fifteen  leagues,  a  di- 
redl  fouth-weft  courfe  ;  the  coall  lorming  a 
great  bulging  at  eaft,  being  tv  Ive,  four- 
teen or  fifteen  fathom  deep  along  fliore  ; 
the  two  capes  thereof,  according  to  the 
Portuguefe  charts,  being  to  the  northward 
that  of  das  Serras,  and  fouthward  that  of 
S.  Joao.  The  Englijh  map  reprefenting  the 
bell  part  of  this  bulging  to  be  low  land, 
rifing  gradually  as  it  runs  fouth,  to  a  great 
promontory,  forming  the  cape  5.  ^c^io,  and 
placing  a  ridge  of  hills  beyond  that  low 
land,  call'd  Los-Milos,  and  the  coaft  co- 
ver'd  with  high  trees  at  diftances,  from 
the  fouth  end  of  the  inland  hills,  halt  way 
to  cape  i\  Joao,  and  eight  fathom  deep, 
round  about  that  cape,  to  turn  iuto  the  bay 
of  /ingra, 

til-. 


.ii 


m 


'!■■■'  if: 


Jv.IlM 


SI    ;'] 


388 


m 


iF 


w;;-. 


iVUi'' 


m 


':;/' 


t?,; 


^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  IV. 


Ba       t.     The  coaft;  from  c.ipe  .V.  'forto  turns  on  a 
t^VNJ  fudilen  from   north   to  e.ili,    in    a  iliredt 


Angn. 


r.;>vras 


co.uil',  tor  about  ten  leagues  -,  and  there 
rcJtivin;;  a  little  liver  into  the  bay,  turns 
■,vz,\m  fliort  to  foiith,  in  a  ilireft  line,  for 
nearfcven  leagues  to  the  north  eait  heatlof 
Ro  lie  yingra,  which  is  diitant  trom  the 
other  welKri)  cape  of  tlie  fame  riv.-r,  about 
thre;'  leaL;u:s,  tiie  utmoll  wij-jntl's  of  its 
cntr.uK-e  in'o  tlv.-  bay  atorefaid  :  the  mouth 
ihus  lookinij;  full  north-well:,  with  live  fi- 
thom  .l-pth  brt.vixt  thole  two  heads. 

I'Vom  v!ie  welt  head  of  the  fai  1  river's 
mouth,  which  is  called  cape  Corijlo,  the 
coall  runs  circle-wife,  five  leagu-s  fouth- 
well  to  cape  (/.■  lylyr.ti,  whi  h  form-;  the 
bay  of  that  name,  near  three  leagu -s  wide 
Ircim  north  to  loath,  and  ne.ir  as  much  in 
len'^th  tolhebntom  of  it.  Tlie  li.tle  ill  uij 
C-jiifco,  \)'w^  jult  in  tlu'  iniildl.-  of  riiebay, 
is  fo  low  laud,  tliat  at  a  dillance  the  mul- 
titude of  trciS  there  feem  planted  in  the 
\v;rcr,  and  alfoal  a  very  fine  profp.cl. 

The  illand  Gre.it  Corijro  lies  olf  at  fea, 
about  the  niii.'d'e  of  the  mouth  of  the  large 
b.'.v  of  /Irgiii  ;  and  a  gii.it  way  up  Iroio  it 
calf  norrh-eall:  in  th.it  bay,  are  the  tliree 
little  iflantls,  call'd  by  the  li)::.iid,-rs,  ifl  .'s 
oi  Mu:hrrt,i;  of  which,  as  well  as  of  G/iv;/ 
Cori.'i-o,  I  fliall  Ipeak  more  at  large  prellntly ; 
being  obliged  in  this  place  to  obferve,  as 
to  the  (ituation  of  th.e  entrance  of  Rio  tic 
.-  /Ih^ra,  that  i\v,  Dutch  charts  are  diH'erent 

Ahv"i'\n-  fh''''-'i"  '''om  the  En^tijfj  -,  for  the  llol'.iVnJers 
do  not  only  fuj-'jiofe  the  river  to  How  into 
the  fea  of  t:'e  b.iy,  full  fouth-well,  and 
tnen^e  torun  e.ifterly  in  the  land,  in  a  wide 
channel,  receiving  another  river  near  to  its 
niou'h,  on  the  north  fide  -,  but  alio  place 
the  mouth  of  it,  c]uite  on  the  north  fide 
of  the  great  bay,  wlure  the  E':/iijh  place  a 
little  unknown  river,  th.it  I  'aid  before,  ac- 
cording to  them,  lalls  into  the  angular  north 
part  oftiiatbay,  about  ten  le.igiies  dircftly 
ead  of  cape  >S'.  Joiio. 

Another  obfervation,  which  occurs  natu- 
rally on  the  fame  fubjeift,  is,  that  tlie  P-ir- 
tiigiiefe  m.\\\  I  have  already  often  matle  men- 
tion of,    places  the  niouih  of  Rii  tie /I'lgra 

in  t!\c  fame  latitude  as  the /L''.\'-/7Z"^'^ '•  that 
is.  in  the  fouth  angle  of  the  bay,  but 
makes  it  look  lull  welt  -,  and  lays  down 
the  ill  and  Great  Corifco  almofl  oppofite  to 
rape  C'lrifco,  by  \\\cEng!iJlj  cA\it  dc  Ejhrtu 
above  mention'd  ;  but  'tis  very  probable 
the  I)  'tch  charts,  being  very  ancient,  are 
either  ignoranilyor  wiltblly  midaken,  and 
rarher  the  latter  than  the  former  ;  for  we 
find  by  a  multitude  of  inltances,  that  they, 
for  f  ar  other  Enrnpcau  nations  may  rival 
them  in  the  trade  of  the  gulph,  have  thought 
fit  to  conce.il  from  publick  view,  the  true 
n.\i:\  map  of  that  coafi,  which  they  have 
l(j  long  Ircqucnted  i  and  to  cxpofconly  fucli 


grarnfr. 


as  are  very  defic  lent  in  the  pofition  of  places, 
I  return  to  the  defcription  o."  the  ifland 

Great  C  o  r  i  s  c  o. 
TPHE  north  jxjint  of  it  lies  about  four 
•  ■*•  leagues  from  cipe  S,  Jo.io,  hiving  a 
rock  of  a  long,  rather  than  round  form, 
m.iking  two  little  heads  one  at  each  end 
of  it,  and  a  cavity  betwixt  each  head,  on 
which  are  three  or  four  trees  ;  which  is  a  fit 
mark  to  know  G-jijio,  being  exattly  welb 
of  the  ifland,  which  is  .diout  three  leagues 
in  length  to  the  fouthw.n-d,  and  about  a 
league  broad,  cntompafVed  trom  north-call 
to  louth-welf,  with  IhoaN,  roeks  and  lands, 
but  is  much  cleaner  on  the  call:  fide,  wh.re 
the  llrand  is  ot  a  white  find,  and  the  right 
anc'ioring  for  fliips;  its  north  point  is  in 
about  forty  five  minutes  north  l.ititude.  It 
is  r.ith.T  low  land  tlian  otherwil"  ,  only  to- 
wards [he  north  p.irt  the  co.'.tl  rifesa  little. 

This  iflind  had  the  name  of //.!),;  d:  Cr,r'i\-\ 
from  tUc  PoitiiXK:/,;  becaufe  of  the  violent 
horrid  lightnings,  and  claps  of  tliunder,  tlie 
lirlL  difcoverers  thereof  I'.iw  anil  heard  there 
at  the  time  of  their  ilif^ov.ry.  It  is  all 
woodeil  within,  moll  of  t!;e  trees  licin"' 
tall,  and  amt^n^  tlu  m  is  aqu.intity  of  red 
wood,  fit  for  ilyers,  which  the  nitivcsc.jl 
Taccet,  and  the  E^.o^'ij'd  C.annioud,  being  hard 
and  ponderous  wood,  but  a  better  rcil  tli.ui 
Bi\izi!  or  Br.izi/ftti.  Molt  part  of  the  land 
of  Greiit  as  well  \x'i  L':ttU  Cuiiico  is  fo  low, 
that  the  trees  therein  feem  from  a  dillance 
to  be  planted  in  tlie  lea,  which  makes  it  look 
very   pleafant. 

The  fea  round  this  ifland  is  commonly-  , 
very  calm  and  lull,  and  is  a  very  propir„„„ 
place  to  careen  any  fliip?  in  three  or  tour 
fathom  of  water,  good  grounil,  and  very 
near  the  tliore.  The  roati  is  on  the  north- 
call  fide  ot'  tlie  ill.uid,  anil  ne.ir  a  fpring  of 
frelh  w.iter,  which  runsdo'vn  trom  the  hills 
within,  into  the  ['c.\,  f  icing  the  bay  of  /higra. 
This  water  at  the  i  bb  is  very  fweet,  but 
brackilh  a"  high  water,  the  flood  then  en- 
tering the  rivulet. 

It  is  inh.ibited  only  by  thirty  or  forty 
BLuks,  dwelling  n.-ar  the  north-eafl  jioint, 
about  a  league  liom  tlu  woo'ing  antl  war 
tcring  places.  Tiiat  han;!lld  of  Biuki  h.is 
much  ado  to  live  healthy,  the  air  being 
very  intemperite  .'•nit  tinwliole'ome:  they 
are  goverii'd  I'y  .i  c!iief,  who  is  lord  of  the 
ifland, and  they  ;.'i  livevery  poorlv,  buthav;- 
I'lenty  enougli  of  cuitmib,  is,  which  grow 
tliere  in  perlec'lion,  .:ik!  many  forts  otiowl. 

The  Duub  gnrral  of  .UfAVi  fent  thither 
about  forty  llcUandcrs  m  1(79,  in  order  to 
little  a  colony  of  that  nation,  to  grub  the 
foil,  and  m.ike  it  aralile  1  being  pcrfuaded 
that  it  Would  very  w.  11  prodvice  I>:.!t.:ii  whe.'t, 
and  other  torts  nf  corn  and  })!ants  ot  Gui- 
tiea,  which  would  have  been  of  great  advan- 
tage 


Chap.  9- 


Coafts  of  South-Guinea. 


38p 


tnge  ami  conveniency,  for  fupplying  the 
Diitff}  fl^'eft-liiii'"  company's  fhips  with  all 
lorts  of  piovifions  and  rL'frefliments,  to  pro- 
Icciit?  tlicir  voyages  either  home  diredtly, 
or  to  Aini'iica,  inftead  of  making  for  the 
Pcrlugiii-fi-  iflands,  of  tlie  Bight  or  cape  ik 
J.o\;  to  fLirnidi  thcmftlvcs  rhcrtwith,  at 
a  great  expcnce,  and  even  lofs  of  time; 
m.mv  of  the  D.ilch  trading  fliips  in  Giiinca., 
having  mifs'd  of  ihofe  places,  as  being  fet 
oil  l>y  the  flrong  tides  and  winds. 
\y::.oi  Mie  lloliiiiuifn  being  accordingly  ftt  on 
>."."  flion:  in  the  ifland,  firft  of  all  ereded  a 
tiirrt-rcdoubr,  to  lodge  themfeives,  and 
planted  I'ome  iron  guns  on  it,  the  better  to 
ieciirc  tliemft-lves  trom  any  fiirprife  or 
alliiult  of  the  few  natives,  wlio  are  a  fort  of 
wild  miUhicvous  H!a,kr,  and  then  proceeded 
to  cultivate  tlvj  foil,  and  had  iirctty  well  Uic- 
lejdcd,  having  in  fonie  time  gathered 
[!;ood  Itore  of  corn,  and  other  eatables. 
JJiit  ilie  bad  air  of  Cori  lo,  anil  the  great 
i;ariilhipi  they  unJ;.rwcnt  in  tilling  and 
t!;rubhing  the  ifland,  broiiglit  fiich  malig- 
nant dilhin[)crs  upon  the  little  colony,  that 
fevciitein  nun  being  dead,  and  thole  that 
remiiiiicl  fukly,  they  refolved  to  ra/e  their 
iiabiiatinn  and  redoubt,  and  retired  to  Mina : 
-.-.nd  the  trading  factory  that  was  at  the 
lametimefet  up  in  Cori/Io,  not  turning  to  any 
grc.it  account,  they  left  it,  and  have  not 
been  there  fince. 

MoucHERON   Islands. 

T"  1 1  K  three  fmall  iflinds  of  Mouchcron, 
*■  had  their  name  from  an  Ui.'lander  of 
that  name,  who  in  his  voyage  to  the  Eajl- 
Indies  in  1600,  was  drove  into  the  gulph 
of  Guiihd  by  the  tides :  whether  he  loft 
his  (hip  on  fome  of  thofe  little  iflantls,  or 
whether  it  was  found  uncapable  of  pro- 
Cv'ediiig  on  the  intended  voyage,  I  know 
not.  But  Moiaheron  causM  a  fort  to  be 
built  on  the  largeft  ifland,  in  hopes  to 
drive  an  advantagi  ous  tr.ide  with  the  BLuks 
of  the  oppofite  continent  •,  and  having  thus 
llaid  tlvjie  himfelf  for  fome  time,  left  the 
Uttk merit  to  the  coniki(5l  of  one  lle/iiu, 
vvlio  had  hardly  been  in  it  four  months 
after  Mouchtron's,  departure,  before  tlie 
Gabjii  Bl.icki,  fearing  the  Dw/i/.' would  draw 
thidier  all  the  trade  of  leeth  from  their 
river,  and  the  neighbouring  ports  ot  the 
Bight,  after  fome  other  fruitlefs  atteinpts 
made  to  ruin  it,  at  laft  found  means  to 
r>a-di  A- lurprife  the  fort,  and  inhumanly  malfacred 
li'cjil  t\w  DnicJ',  with  all  the  neighbouring  y/«_gra 
Bhids  that  hai)pL:ned  to  be  there  to  traffick  •, 
the  natives  of  the  river  /Ingra,  not  daring 
to  oppofe  the  attempt  ot  thofe  of  Gabjii, 
ns  fearing  to  incmle  or  provoke  them. 
However,  their  refentmen'  lor  the  murder 
of  their  countrymen  in  Mouchiron  ifland, 
lluck  lb  much  to  their  hearts,  that  at  Lift 
Vol.  V. 


a  war  broke  out  betwixt  them  and  theRARiior. 
Gabon  and  Pow:^o  people,  on  that  account,  ^•VNJ 
which  ilill  continues. 

Anora    River. 
Ij  / O  de  Ji'gra,  or  Angtx,  is   a  place  of 
•**  trade,    and   much  rcforted  to   by    the 
Dutch,  and  fometimes  by  the  Englijh  trading  wiyo/ 
fliips,  which  export  elephants-teeth,  bees-'^"''"^ 
wax,  and  fome  liavcs.  They  anchor  in  great 
Coiifco  road,  and  fend  their  floops  or  long- 
boats well  manned  and  armed  to  the  river, 
carrying  their  goods  in  tiunks. 

The  Blacks  of  A>igra  fiy,  their  river 
comcf-om  a  great  way  up  the  land,  which 
is  probable  by  the  largenefs  of  its  mouth, 
as  has  been  already  obferved.  It  lies  ex- 
aftly  in  two  degrees  north  latitude.  The 
trad.e  ot  this  river  would  be  much  greater 
tiian  it  is,  if  the  BLuks  that  inhabit  the 
country  about  it,  wtrc  not  at  war  among 
themlllves,  as  they  are  -,  tho'  they  live  all 
under  the  government  of  one  and  the  fame 
king,  which  hinders  them  from  attending  IiV//(«wj- 
trade,  as  is  requiilte  to  procure  plenty  of'^f"- 
teetli  and  bees-wax  •,  which  might  e.ifdy 
be  had,  if  there  were  full  liberty  and  open 
palTiges  to  the  neighbouring  coimtries,  to 
gather  thofe  commodities,  and  convey  theni 
down  their  river  for  commerce  with  Euro- 
peans. For  as  the  trade  is  at  prcfent,  by  rea- 
fon  of  their  perpetual  diftraftions  at  home, 
and  the  war  with  thofe  of  Gabon  and  Pongo., 
a  floop  trading  there  has  in  three  days 
exhaufted  all  their  ftock  of  teeth  and  bees- 
wax ;  as  is  very  commonly  done  alio  in  many 
parts  of  Guinea,  where  teeth  are  purchafed  : 
for  at  the  moft  abounding  ports  or  rivers, 
whither  -iropeans  refort  for  teeth,  the  ftock 
is  carr'  i  off  in  eight  or  ten  days  ;  and 
thoug'  the  Bl.uks  promife  more,  it  is  often 
bette'   to  go  otf  than  to  ftay  any  longer. 

As  to  the  other  before-mentioned  ports 
and  livers,  which  lie  from  the  Camarones 
to  this  Rio  de  Angya,  we  arc  given  to  un- 
derftand  by  the  natives,  that  they  fcarce 
afford  any  teeth,  bees-wax  or  flaves,  and 
that  they  have  barely  provifions  enough  P""  """- 
to  fubfift  themfeives,  as  being  but  thinly  "'•''■ 
inhabited  towards  the  fea-fide  ;  perhaps  be- 
caule  of  the  unfitnels  of  the  foil,  which  ob- 
liges the  natives  to  fettle  farther  up  in- 
land. 

Cape  St.  Clara. 

FROM  Lilt'.e  Corifco  ifland  to  cape 
Si,  Clara,  we  reckon  about  ten 
leagues  fouth  by  eaft,  a  direft  courfe  in 
fifteen  fathom  water  all  along  to  near 
the  faid  cape,  where  it  lowers  to  twelve 
fathom.  The  coaft  betwixt  them  is  cut  by 
a  river  without  a  name,  according  to  the 
En^^lijh  chart. 

Cape  St.  Clara  forms  a  high  head,   and 

fhews  a  double  land  very  high  coming  from 

5  G  the 


!  ' 


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<li! 


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l!ii 


M  m 


IH 


M 


■irH': 


m,'f 


mm 


mm ' 


tB'. 


590 


^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  IV, 


BARiKvr.tlu-  nortliward  •,  .ind  is  the  nortlicrn  head 
VrfV>>'  ol  tlic  mouth  of  A'w  6'iv/)«»,  ibfaiiious  thdt 
liw  E:iron\iin  wlu)  cvtT  lailn'  to  that  pait 
o'i  Gn!n,'r,  can  he  unacquaintcii  witli  it. 
The  land  from  tlic  I'aidcipc  St.  Cl.ini,  turns 
oii'llion  10  tiill  fail  tor  lix  leagues  iuio  tlu." 
bay  ot  that  river,  biins  a  high  Ihorc 
planttd  at  liiltances  with  lotty  high  trees, 
and  then  winds  towarils  the  loiith  routii- 
(Mll  i  being  cut  in  that  dillance  by  two 
litile  rivers,  which  run  into  tl.;  bay  or 
nioutii  of  Cul'on  river,  according  to  tlie 
A/-;s;////'' I  han.  But  the  l\.il:igiii'jf  map  ta- 
k'l)  by  order  of  the  former  kin^s  ot  J'or- 
tr^.it,  lets  down  the  river's  moutli  and  chan- 
iK  I  Uj)  the  inland  dircdtly  call  i  as  does  alio 
very  near  tlie  Duub  chart. 

( J  A  n  o  N  River. 
■17R  O  M  cape  Si.Clara,  the  north  liead  of 
■*■  It  to  the  louth  cajK*,  call'd  the  R'Htn.l  l/iil 
by  the  /■'ng-'i/l;  liecaufe  it  Ihows  lb  from 
tl-e  fca,  is  three  leagues,  biing  the  breailth 
of  the  mouth  into  the  {■'llwjiii;  ocean-,  ilie 
rnuidle  channel  whereof,  l)etwi.<t  the  tv.o 
aforenamed  capis,  is  diredly  under  llie  cqui- 
noi'lial  line. 

This  I\:o  iL-  G.ihoii  has  its  namefiom  the 
Puitiigtuy,  who  call  it  Rio  i/.  Gab.i'ji:,  and 
oihers  G.jba,  Galwiii,  or  Guham.  The 
ikpth  of  the  water  betwixt  tiie  beforenicn- 
tioned  capes  at  the  entrance  inco  the  lea,  is 
eight,  aiul  then  fix  fathom  water.  Cape 
St.  Cl.ira  on  the  nurth-fide  flicws  oil'  at  kiL 
much  like  that  of  Si.  "JoiW  •,  on  the  north 
entrance  of  R'lo  de  /li:^>\i  before- mentioned, 
except  tliat  of  >''"/.  Cl.ir.t :  tlie  hill  that  forms 
it,  lias  a  particular  inark  to  know  it,  which 
is  .1  while  fpoc  in  the  hill,  appearing  at  a 
dill.uac  like  the  tail  of  a  fliip  ;  it  has  alio 
fome  Iboals  ftretching  out,  on  which  the 
lea  breaks. 

The  fouth  point  of  the  mouth  of  Rio  de 
GabdH.,  is  low  land,  with  a  little  round  hill 
on  it,  and  all  over  woody  :  it  h.is  alio  a 
llioal  oil"  the  point  at  lea,  betwixt  wliich 
and  the  land  is  a  palTage  for  a  (loop  of 
thirty  tons  to  enter  the  river's  mouth  with- 
out danger.  And  fome  leagues  to  Ibuth- 
ward  of  the  point,  appear  the  white  downs 
calleil  Loi  Serhijfas  ;  wliich  are  alio  a  good 
mark  in  coming  from  the  northw.ird  into 
Gitboii  river,  witli  the  others  belore-men- 
tioned,  to  avoiil  over-lhooting  it. 

The  bottom  df  Rio  de  G^ihoii^  is  fo  very 
uneven  in  failing  in,  that  it  is  furprifing  tp 
tholij  who  are  not  ufed  to  it:  for  in  one 
place  there  is  ten,  immediately  fifteen,  then 
five  or  fix,  and  piefently  twelve  or  more 
lathom  water  ;  as  if  the  bottom  of  tlie 
mouth  were- full  of  rocks :  and  the  ebb  is  there 
':irmiii,U  io  tlrong,  that  it  is  Icarce  pofTible  to  f.iil 
into  it  with  ,1  wellerly  wind,  and  Ihips  are 
often  foFced  to  (lay  till  the  flood;  fome  lliips 
^^  ith  their  fails  full  loilng  more  ground  in 


A/diti  to 
know  I  hi 
tiler. 


bearing  up  againll  the  ebb,  'tlian  they  can 
gain.  It  is  obfervablc,  that  the  belt  ciian- 
nel  to  fail  up  the  river,  is  along  the  lou- 
thern  Ihore,  taking  heed  of  a  rock  that  ap- 
pears  above  water,  near  the  lecond  point 
within  the  river.  When  pail  that  rock, 
you  lleer  fouth  u  little  way,  which  puts 
you  in  the  proper  (hannd  to  the  iilands  of 
Pongo  ;  and  you  may  fail  a  (hip  five  or  fix 
leagues  up  above  them.  .Some  authors,  as 
(In  Plijiis,  mention  a  town  fituated  up  in  this 
river   called  AlMcira. 

P  o  N  <;  o  Islands. 
'"1"  1 1  !•'.  ill.inds  of  Pongo,  lie  againll  the 
*  point  called  by  the  llolituidcys  Sund- 
bonk,  or  land-point,  and  by  others  Zidd- 
hocik  oriouth-point,  a  place  whence  tbrciyi 
fliips  uiiially  tetch  iiiih  water,  as  being 
better  t!  '1  that  taken  at  cape  l.opcGoi:- 
-.ilve.i,  anu  is  about  five  leagues  with;.,  th.- 
liver's  mouth.  'J"h;'.t  point  extends  from 
north  to  Ibuth,  anil  the  /V.'.i;"  iflands  li^ 
near  the  1101  th-lliorr.  Thole  iilands  are  alio 
dilliiiguill'.ed  tiom  each  other  by  dililrent  j.;, . 
names  1  one  of  them,  whiih  is  about  two,„^',', 
leagues  in  comp.ils,  having  a  high  lull  in 
its  centre,  is  called  PiiiiCi's  ifland  by  tlie 
I;i:^:iJJ.',  and  by  the  Ilollaiuhn  Coning  iil.ind, 
and  is  very  well  peopled  ;  the  king  of 
the  country  generally  refiding  in  it.  The 
other  is  called  Pii['eg(ffi-E\ldnd,  from  the 
multitude  of  parrots  that  harbour  in  it  -, 
and  is  very  tertile  in  many  ibrtsof  Guinea 
fruits,  and  ferves  lor  a  pl.ice  of  refuge  to 
the  iniiabitants  of  Ptinrc's  ifland,  in  time 
of  war  with  the  neighbouring  nations,  as 
being  llrong  byniture.  They  have  there, 
fince  the  year  lOoi,  fome  pieces  of  cuimm 
and  mufkets,  which  they  took  out  of  a 
Dtiub  vcflcl,  that  had  put  into  the  river, 
after  having  maflacred  the  crew,  and  c.it 
them.  T!:e  fame  they  did  afterwards  by 
fome  Srniiinrds.  Thole  people  ,;re  not  now 
altogether  fo  lavage  as  formerly,  by  reafoii 
of  the  frequent  riibrt  ot  l<.ui\,jc,:n  nations 
to  the  river  Gabon,  though  they  Ihll  pie- 
ferve  much  of  their  antient  rudenefs. 

The  king  of  Pongo  is  by  the  nativesj;^,  j;,.^ 
called  Miini- Pongo,  that  is,  lord  of  Pingi,  as 
the  king  of  Con^u  is  ftiled  Miini-Cm:gn,  Atini 
in  their  language  fignilying  a  lord  ;  which 
title  they  pretend  imports  a  greater  dignity 
than  that  of  king ;  as  was  pradiled  by 
the  ancient  Ronuw<. 

That  prince's  palace  is  of  .1  great  extent,  H„f.,;,(,. 
but  very  mean  i  all  the  fhells  of  the  build- 
ings, being  of  reeds  interwoven,  and  the  roofi 
of  banana  leaves.  The  natives  call  that  p.i- 
lace  Gt4i-i<alt.i,  or  royal  houfe,  in  imitation 
of  tlic  people  at  cape  Lti/ie,  who  give  that 
name  to  their  king's  houfe. 

There  are  .ibove  Pongo  ifl.inds,  and  fur- 
ther witliui  land,   two  other  kings  -,  the  one 
who  rcfidcs  on  the  north-fide  of  Gd/'fl«  ri- 
ver, 


Book  IV.  I  Chap.  p.  Coafts  ^/South-Guinea. 


Ji  they  can 
bell  i.h.in- 
ig  the  lou- 
ck  th;U  ap. 
:ond  jMiint 
that  rock, 
which  puts 
ic  iflands  ot" 
5  five  or  fix 
authors,  as 
:d  up  in  this 


)  s. 

;  iigainft  the 

'ihkrs  iand- 
jthcrs  Ztiid- 
icncc  foriiyi 
r,  as  being 
c  l.oPc  Goii' 
fs  witiii.i  th_' 
xtcnds  from 
^u  ifl.inds  he 
lands,  arc  alio 

by  di  111  rent,..  . 
IS  about  two„j„„ 

l>i[^h  hill  in 
Hand  by  tlic 
Coning  ifland, 
the  king  of 

in  it.  The 
nJ,  from  the 
irboiir  in  it  ; 
»rtsof  Gimca 
of  rclLigc  to 
•uid,  in  time 
nations,    as 

have  there, 

es  of  canncin 

ok  out  of  a 

to  tlie  river, 

iw,    and  cat 

lu-r\var;!s  by 

■  .'.rc  nut  now 

y,  by  realbn 
n  nations 

u'y  11  ill  pie- 

idencfs. 
the  natives j-;^,j;,.. 
)t  PciigQ,  as 

\i-Coi:g9,Mjii'. 
lord  ;  which 
cater  dignity 
raftifed    by 


391 


jreat  extent,  Huj.ijjii. 
lof  the  build- 
land  the  roofj 

,  call  that  m- 
in  imitation 

ho  give  thai 

Ids,  and  fur- 
pgs  ;  the  one 
of  Gam  ri- 
ver, 


ver,  called  /tmajomba  or  Cnjombo  ;  tiie  other    other  (hips  of  their  nation  belonging  to  thc!?\'(nr)r; 
at  (jtu'oii,  on  the  fouih-fulc,  fupiiofed  to  be     lyrjl-luclia  company,  do  the  fair.e,  but  not^'^'V^^ 
the  king  of  Capon,   fituate  on  a  river  ol  tiiat     fo  frequently  as  tlic  lormer  ;  and  fomeiimes 
name,  wiiich  runs  ir-o  Cimu'cHrs  :  both  na-     Eii^lipJ  fliips  put  in  there  on  the  fmie  ac 
tionslioldofiV;  .i»;-/''yftgf,  beinginalhefpeds    count-,    but  the  /-nv/f^  very  rarely,  unlcfs 
vtry  much   ink  lor  to  him  in  power.     The     they  have  over-fliot  tiie  id.ind  of  .SV.  Tiwr, 
king  ot  C.T/uw/'o  was  formerly  in  league  and     or  Pivue'^  ///,7v^/,  tl^ir  ufu.il  rend  zvous. 
coiiteder.uc  with   Miini-Puiigo  ag.iinll  tliolc         The  IIolland'<-i  loiuetimes  fell  a  few  fl.ives 
of  Cuwon,  and  cape  Li[e,  his  neighbour  on     taken  in  at  yJmlriZ'S   or  C.inuiron:^,  to  the 

Blitcki  th  re,  for  ( Icphants  teeth  of  thirty  to 
forty  pounds  weight  each,  and  get  a  hun- 
dred and  fifty  or  two  hundred  pounds  weight 
of  fuch  teeth  for  a  male  flave.  They  ''1I'>t>.,^^, 
buy  of  the  natives,  elephants,  tails  and 
fkins  of  thornbai  ks  ami  lea-wolves  or  dog- 
lili,  which  they  lell  afVervvards  to  good 
profit  at  the  (l/d-Cdy}.     The   wax    pur- 


tiie  Ibuth. 

The  river  of  dihn  fpreads  into  many 
brandies  on  both  fides,  and  is  navigalile  in 
fmall  lliips  a  great  way  up  1  but  how  fu-  It 
reaches  up  the  country,  and  how  wide  it  is 
there,  1  eoiiKl  not  le.irn. 

Many  /uiri>/,(t/i  fliips  vifit  this  river,  as 
wjll  0:1  account  oftraile,  as  for  its  conveni- 


int  fituation,   for  the '.leaning  and  refitting     chafed  there  is  in  cakes,  and  commonly  bar- 
of  vellvK  :  thole  who  go  on  the  lall  account,     tered  for  knives 


ril'.l''^'- 


unlade  their  anciiors,  guns,  water-cafks,  and 
o'.hi  r  I'l'.e  heavy  or  bulky  carriage,  on  the 
/'/,■/ 1\'^  iflanil  of  Porgo,  and  by  tlie  help  of 
llu;  ilood,  get  their  fliip,  as  far  on  land  as  is 
poilibk,  tliat  by  means  of  the  lliongebb, 
tl.ey  may  be  0:1  a  foit  ot  dry  giound,  and 
thus  more  ealily  repair  ih;;ii  v.lf  1.  I  lowe- 
ver,  thi.i   mufl:  not  b,:  underflood  as  proper 


The  (iahoi!  B'acki  in  general,  are  barba- Sutivf 
roiis,  wild,  bloody,  and  treacherous,  very 
ihievifli  anel  crafty,  efpeciallv  towartls  flran- 
gers.  The  wom  Ml,  on  the  eoiitrary,  areas 
ci\il  and  courteous  to  llu  ni,  and  will  ul'e  all 
poHihle  niems  to  enjoy  tluir  company  ;  but 
both  lexesare  thi'  molt  wretchedly  poor  an  1 
iniferable  of  any  in  Gu:)u\i  ;  and  yet  lb  v.iy 


lor  [;'■  'tt  Ihips,  for  fear  ot  coming  to  lome     haughty,  that  they  are  pcrfeftly  ridiculous ; 
dnii.igc  by  lying  dry;   fome  fhips,  I'uch  as     they  are  very  proud  of  taking  D.v/c/j  names, 

and  never  come  aboard  a  fliip  of  that  nation, 


i.Vtlv  (j 


g.iieys,  or  crullers,  being  very  crank,  and 
conluiuently  not  to  be  laid  dry.  But  luch 
vclUli,  if  I'ny  other  fliip  is  there  at  the  lame 
time,  may  careen  on  it,  as  mariners  know 
belt  how  to  do,  by  which  means  they  cm 
come  at  the  very  keel  to  clean  her. 
f  Tills  river  breeds  abundance  of  crocodiles 
and  feahorfcs,  and  is  bordered  on  each  fide 
with  fliady  trees  i  being  alio  prodigioufly 


but  they  immediately  let  them  know  it,  ima- 
gining they  will  value  them  I'le  more  on 
that  account  ;  and  .ire  extremely  well 
pleafed  when  they  call  them  by  their  bor- 
rowed DKtch  name. 

They  arc  all  excefTively  fond  of  brandy 
and  other  rtrong  liquors  of  liwo^eox  .-iine- 
/ie.-?,  andf'pend  .ill  they  canii|)0.T  them,  even 


flocked  with  all  forts  of  good  (ilh,  which  is     to  fell  an  indifferent  large  elephant's  tooth. 


a  great  refrefhment  for  tailors,  and  can  be 
e.ifily  caught  with  nets  or  hooks,  [o  abun- 
d.inily,  as  to  (lore  a  fliip  tor  a  confideralile 
tini.'.  The  B/iicbcxzch  *em  very  dextroufly  ; 
for  pifTlr.g  along  the  river  fitle  in  a  canoe, 
and  frying  a  fi^h,  they  dart  a  javelin  at  it, 
and  very  feldom  mils  it,  whicli  is  diverting 
10  lee.  Before  the  mouth  of  the  river  fome- 
wh.it  olT  at  lea,  we  daily  obferve  gre.it  tliads 
of  thole  fort  of  fmall  waaks,  whieii  the 
picnco  ciU  Soiifjlcuirs,  the  Ilo.laii.ltri  Nwvd- 
A'.i/viv,  and  the  Englijh  Giain; ujj'ei  being 
commonly  about  forty  foot  long,  and  fume 
of  them  more,  of  whiJi  fort  ol'whales  I  Ihall 
hereafter  take  farther  notice.  This  coatt,  as 
far  as  cape  Lopt,  abouiuh  in  that  fort  of 
fifh  called  the  fucking-filli,  or  remor.i. 

The  trade  there  con  fills  in  elephants  teeth, 
wax  and  honey,  which  at  tome  times  is  in- 


tor  tlrong  liquor,  which  they  will  elrink  out 

before  they  p.irt,  and  fometimes  before  they 

go  out  of  the  fliip.     If  they  fmcy  one  has 

got  a  mouthful  more  than  mother,  and  they 

are  half  drunk,  they  will  foon  fdl  a  fighting,  i-'t-e  of 

even  with  their  ovn  princes  or  pried ■'.,  it'they^''''"-i'  '''■ 

are  of  the  club,  anel  are  lb  w.crm  at  it,  iii.it 

coats,  hats,  and  perukes,  or  whatever  they 

have,  is  thrown  over-board  :  for  they  take  iv 

great  v.mity  in  wearing  the  old  hats,  pcr- 

wigs,   coats,  iSc.  of  our  tailors,    who  fell 

them  for  wax,  hOney,  parrots,   monkeys, 

and  all  forts  ol  refrelKment.-.     Their  excef- 

five  greedinefs  for  flrong  lic|uors,    remlers 

them  fo  little  nice  and  curious  in  the  choice 

of  them,  that  iho'  mixt  with   h.ilf  water, 

and  Ibmetimes  a  little  SfdiiifJi  foap  put  into 

it  to  give  it  a  troth  to  appear  of  proof,  by 

the  fcuin  h  makes,  they  like  it,  anei  praile  it 


lilfercat  quick,  efpecially  if  no  ihips  luve  as  much  as  the  bell  andpuretl  brandy,  and 

been  there  lately,  which  feklom  luppcns  ;  do  all  they  can  to  h.vvc  a  flock  of  it. 

for  the  Zealand  interlopers  vifit  ic  the  whole  Tho'  the  mofl  taking  metliod  there,  in 

ye.ir  round,  to  clcanfe  their  fliips  and  ftore  ortkr  tohave  .   -poil  trade  witii  thofe  Slacks, 

them  with  water,  wood,  tft.  during  which  is   to  treat  them  with  Itrong  liquors  •,  yet 

time  they  trade  with  the  inlubiunu :  the  tlicy    cxpeft  ilicir  Dajy  or  prcfent,    like 

the 


'  ''e;5'le  !}'•■' 


■  !•' 


i''i:;;;rn]l! 


't!;r"' 


^1 


-% 


m 


Unr'mM 

I'  mm 

J  III 


mm 


■\i' 


Vi 


|f-  h|  >.   !l 


m 


r:^M 


ii:il- 


!•  1' 


39^ 


^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  IV. 


Bw-/)!-  the  ^iniua-Blacks  ;  and  if  nskc:!  to  drink 
JjO''^  briore  we  give  cviTy  ni.in  'lis  D.ijfy,  they 
^J,//y,^°''vvill  not  toutha  drop.  Ami  if  wc  happen 
to  ll.iy  fonietimcs  too  long  before  we  give 
it,  tlicy  bolvlly  ask  whether  wc  imagine  tiuy 
will  ilrink  lor  nothing.  Tho'  this  be  im- 
l).,Ttin:nt,  whofocver  will  traffick  there  muft 
luimour  them,  or  he  fhall  not  fee  one  tooth 
brought  aboard  ;  but  muft  bear  patiently 
with  ,;ll  their  ridiculousways.  It  is  true, 'tis 
a  pr.idice  among  them  alfo  to  make  us  pre- 
fonts  ill  our  firlT  arrival,  and  that  perhaps 
m>y  be  the  occafion  of  their  asking  fo 
bol.lly  for  a  return  from  us,  and  fay  they 
will  t.ikc  theirs  back  again  -,  which  they  alfo 
perform,  if  what  is  preknted  them  is  not 
worth  more  than  theirs.  Another  thing  to 
be  obft.ved  th;'re,  alfo,  is,  that  thofe  men  are 
fb  extremely  flow  in  dealing,  that  they  will 
fomctimes  haggle  a  whole  day  in  tilling  of 
one  tooth,  and  go  away  five  or  fix  times  be- 
fore they  can  conclude  a  bargain. 

They  ar'"  commonly  tall,  rohull,  and 
well-fliaped  mm,  very  poorly  drelFed,  fome 
few  \vi;h  failors  old  coats,  lliirrs,  breeches, 
and  all  otlur  old  clothes,  and  think  ihem- 
fclves  very  fine  in  them,  and  iherLhire  are 
\\illing  to  buy  fuch  of  our  mvn,  for  any 
thing  they  have  •,  but  generally  th.ir  only 
clothing  is  apoor  wretched  clout  tied  about 
their  waifV,  made  cither  of;,  piece  of  mat, 
or  of  bark  flax;  which  laft  they  call  Ma- 
tomhe :  others  wear,  inftead  of  it  fomc, 
monkcys-fkins,  or  thofe  of  tome  other  wild- 
bead,  fallening  to  the  middle  of  it  a  fmall 
brafs  tinkling  bell,  and  all  the  reft  of  the 
body  naked. 

Both  fexes  go  alw.iys  bare-headed,  the 
femaLs  twill  their  h.iir  ;;fter  a  ftrange  man- 
ner. Some  of  the  men  wear  a  kind  of 
brimm'd  cap,  or  hat  of  bark,  large  fiat 
thread,  or  ruthes  -,  and  others,  .igain,  adorn 
their  heads  with  a  circle  of  feathers  faftned 
to  a  wire,  which  ferves  them  inftead  of  a 
bonnet. 

A  peculiar,  but  ftrange  fancy  in  this  peo- 
ple, is,  to  bore  their  upper  lip,  and  thruft 
into  It  a  fmall  ivory  pin,  from  the  nofe  down 
ro  the  mouih:  others  fplic  the  under-lip  fo 
wide,  as  to  th  'ift  the  tongue  through  on  ce- 
remonial octafioni.  Moft  men  and  women 
••>««»>«// inftead  of  ear-ri'.gs,  we. r  long  filver  rings  cf 
three  or  four  o..  ices  a-pier-<' ;  others  in  lieu 
thereof,  have  pieces  of  a  flat  thin  wood,  as 
b-'O.  ;  as  the  hand  ;  or  goats  horns,  or  ivory 

Thv.y  adorn  cheit  (kin  i'l  moft  furts  ot 
the  body,  id  juil  rouml  one  of  their  eyes, 
with  fears  in  many  fant.  fticiil  fi;';iires,  which 
t!ie  t)ainr  wirV  a  ftuft"  CO  n^-'Ol  1  of  ieveral 
ingt  .if  ,  fo.ik'd  in  t'  iu  e  o'  a  fort  of 
WO'  -I  i  d  1  •:'\'  Of.  .no'  Tvenicely 
to  ,jair,'  I  w'  cir  le  ru.int'  om  '-ye,  .ui  I  a 
yellow  one  ..oout  cue  other,  Jauuing  tlieir 


nihil. 


faces  on  each  fide  with  two  or  tlirce  Ion" 
ftrcaksof  the  fame  colours,  each  ftreak  dift'e^ 
rent  from  the  other. 

Many  of  them,  befides  a  mat  about  their 
middle,  wear  a  leather  girdle  of  a  buffalo's 
fkin  in  th?  hair,  with  a  bark  thread,  and 
hang  to  it  a  broad  fliort  knife,  as  the  fiirures- 
demonftrate  v  and  when  they  go  a  walkuyr, 
or  on  a  journey,  every  man  hangs  his  iword 
or  ponyard  at  his  fide. 

Some  hangabout  their  necks  little  round  Pi.  •.; 
boxes,  wherein  art  contained  their  C,V;", ,, 
or  charms,  which  they  \  ill  never  allow'an'y 
man  to  touch,  nor  fliew  them  upon  any  ac- 
count. 

The  women  wear  over  the  clout  a  for; 
of  fliorc  apron,  hanging  down  before,  and 
load  their  arms  and  legs  with  large  thiri. 
iron,  copper,  or  tin-rings,  of  the  tounuv 
make,  which  they  work  pretty  handlbiiil\\ 
They  belhiear  their  bodies  witli  elephants  (>'■ 
bu.'ialoe'.s  fat,  and  a  fort  of  red  colour,  as  tlie 
men  do  likewife  ;  which  makes  them  (['ir.k 
lb  abominably,  elpetially  the  women,  tiiar 
there  is  no  coining  near  them,  witjioiit  turn- 
ing a  man's  llomath  ;  ami  yet  they  fell  their 
favours  at  a  \ery  cheap  rate  to  any  of  the 
meaneft  EiircCr.ni  failors,  for  a  forry  knite, 
or  fome  fuch  trifle,  of  no  value. 

Their  houfes  are  all  built  of  the  fimc  m;i- 
terials  as  the  king's,  above  mcntion'd. 

As  ro  their  fubfiftance,  it  is  likely  thcv 
depend  chiefly  on  hunting  and  fifhery,  and 
do  not  feem  much  to  mind  tillage ;  nor  is 
there  any  corn  or  Inilian  wheat,  ai  leaft  that 
we  can  lee,  in  the  fpace  of  ground  that  is 
commonly  frequented  by  Europeans,  neither 
docs  that  part  of  the  country  look  to  be  very 
fertile,  or  fit  to  produce  corn,  or  other 
fruits. 

Their  ordinary  eatables,  are  potatoes  and 
yams,  either  boil'd  or  roafled,  with  fome 
other  forts  of  roots  and  fmall  beans,  but  in 
no  great  plenty  i  and  inftead  ot  bread,  bana- 
nas roafted.  They  have  a  great  plenty  of''''  ' 
thofe,  and  fome  eat  them  with  fugar  or  ho- 
ney, mixed  and  drefled  with  roafted  ele- 
phants, buffaloes,  or  monkeys  flefli.  They 
alfo  eat  fifti,  dry'd  in  the  fun,  with  bananas 
and  fugar. 

_  I.ey  lie  flat  down  on  the  ground  at  their 
meals,  and  five  their  meat  in  earthen  velTils, 
or  platters;  only  the  principal  perfons  among 
them  have  it  in  jiewter  bafons,  bought  of  us: 
and  none  of  them  drink  till  fome  time  after ^,;,, 
they  have  eaten,  when  commonly  everyone 
fwallows  a  large  pot  of  water,  or  palm-wine, 
or  of  a  partieular  liquor  which  they  call  Me- 
lijjj'o,  made  of  honey  and  water,  which  taftes' 
much  like  our  metheglin  ;  and  none  drink 
without  (pilling  a  little  of  the  liquor  on  the 
ground,  tor  his  idol. 

If  we  may  credit  fom"  of  them,  they  have 
a  cuftom,  quite  unknown  to  or  pradibM  by 

anv 


Book  IV. 


tiirce  lonp; 
trcakdilVf- 

about  their 

a  luiftalo's 
;hre;u1,  am! 
;  the  figures 

a  walkir.g, 
gs  his  Iwon! 

little  round ri.v..ii 
hi'ir  ('rr^,\i 
LT  allow  any 
ipon  any  :u- 

clout  a  for: 

before,  anvl 
,  large  thick 
the  toiiiiuy 

handlomly. 
,  elephants  or 
colour,  as  the 
s  them  ftink 

women,  that 
wiiiioutturn- 
they  fell  their 
o  any  oftlie 
a  lorry  knife, 

'  the  fame  ma- 
;ntion'd. 
is  likely  they 
id  fifhery,  and 
[illage  1  nor  is 
at leaft  that 
ground  that  is 
opeans,  neither 
look  to  be  very 
orn,  or  other 

potatoes  and 
ed,  with  Ionic 
beans,  but  in 
bread,  bana-^ 
great  plenty  ot  ' '' 
fugar  or  ho- 
roaftcd  ele- 
sflclh.    They 
with  bananas 

ground  at  their 
earthen  velTils, 
perfons  among 
5,  bought  of  us: 
Tome  time  alter  p,;,,; 
lonly  every  one 
■,  or  palm-wine, 
h  they  call  Mf- 
er,  which  taftes 
and  none  drink 
ie  liqwor  ot\  the 

hem,  they  have 
or  pradisM  by 
any 


Chap.  io.        Coajls  of  SotrTH-GtriNEA. 


39? 


nny  other  nation  of  Guinea  i  which  is,  that  a 
man  marries  his  own  mother,  dauglucr  or 
filler,  without  any  fcruplc,  they  not  accoun- 
ting it  inceftuous  and  monllrous.  This 
barbarous  cullom  was  yet  more  in  praftice 
among  the  antient  inhabitants  of  /',///,  and 
other  Indian  nations  of  South  and  North- 
/Imoiciis  to  cohabit  with  thtir  projier 
d.iUj^hters,  fiflers,  nieces,  and  other  near 
relations  -,  and  the  Tncas  of  P  rii,  tho'  more 
polite,  ufed  to  mairy  their  fillers  or  neanll; 
kin,  in  order  to  prLlcrvf  their  pretended 
noble  dc.'".ent  from  .tiie  fun  and  moon. 

G  O  V  E  R  N'  M  E  \  T. 

A  S  to  the  government  at  Gd'on,  it  fecms 
■^  by  the  fmall  refpecl  they  fliew  each  o- 
ther,  that  every  free  perlon  lives  therefor 
himfelf,  without  any  re;^ard  for  king  or 
chiefs,  neither  h.ivi;  thole  dignified  )>. libns 
anv  (hew  of  (Kite  or  grandeur  ;  lor  the  king 
lollows  the  trade  of  a  bl.u  k-liniili,  to  get  his 
living,  being  like  his  luSjects  very  poor,  and 
1^  not  afli.un'd  to  hire  iiis  wives  at  a  very 
til  ap  rate  to  the  luirojcans. 

1  lo'.vevcr,  on  occaiion  of  a  foreign  w.ir, 
it  f.'cms  they  are  obliged  toafTilt  him  •,  and 
hiing  a  turliulent  ibi  t  of  [K-ople,  have  often 
the  opportunity  to  exert  tirir  bravery.  I'or 
f«ri;«.f<.|bmc  time  finec,  the  king  of /'o;/^o  had  a  war 
with  iiimofeape  Loje  (Jiinziiiv<'S,  enter'dhis 
country  in  arms,  fought  and  routed  him  and 
•lis  forces,  and  return'd  to  G'!///^//*  loaded  with 
hooty,  C'lililling  of  teeth,  Haves,  ami  bees- 
wax, taken  uOiitaila,  thercfidenceof  that 
king. 

VafTd  up  with  this  fuccefs,  he  thought  of 
nothing  lets  in  a  fecoiut  irruption  into  OH- 
i>a:t.i,  than  to  ciellroy  tliat  country,  and  to 
make  a  (lave  ot  the  king  -,  when  the  Ucluvi- 
d.rs,  always  attent'"e  to  what  may  prejudice 
their  affairs  in  the  luhi'i/i.Di  gulph,  guel- 
fins;  at  the  tlefigti  of  Miud-P'T^o^  to  walle 
the  country  of  cape  Ln'c-z,  interpofed 
in  time,  and  made  an  accommodation  be- 
twixt them,  fo  that  a  peace  enlu'd,  and 
both  nations  ever  finee  h'.vc  lived  in  amity. 

Having  concluded  that  peace,  M.v:i- 
P(i'i;ro  led  his  forces  towaiils  the  C.una- 
i'/.','.-,  who  had  formerly  alTronted  him,  and 
his  lubj.iffs,  ami  caufed  fifty  or  lixty  l.'.rgo 
(iiiocs  to  be  carried  by  l.iiul,  the  better  to 
profecute  that  w.ir  ;  wherein  he  was  fo  fiic- 
tefslul,  that  .i.fter  having  burnt  all  the  ha- 
hitations,  and  got  a  large  booty  of  (laves 
and  teeth,  he  turned  immediately  to  the 
lands  ot  the  Jmbnzcs,  who  were  his  enemies 
.illo,  and  made  them  feel  all  the  cruelties 
an  iniolent  conqueror  can  exercife  againft  a 
weak  enemy.  After  this,  he  marched  a- 
g.iinft  other  neighbouring  nations,  whom 
he  lerved  in  the  f.Miie  manner,  and  returned 
home,  loaded  wirh  a  confiderable  booty, 
leaving  a  great  dread  of  him  amongft  all 

V  y  L.    V. 


about  him,    for  his  courage  and  power  ilJAunoT. 
which  has  rendered  him  lb  formidable,  that  "^^VW 
none  of  them  will  relule  any  thing  he  re- 
quires of  them. 

This  Mani-Potigo   has  appointed  an  offi- A/4^». 
cer  in  each  village,  or  dillridt  of  his  littleA'"'^ '/ 
dominions,  whole  title  is  Chave-Ponno,  or'"'  ^^"' 
Ponfo,  to  adminider  julUce  among  the  in- 
habitants-, and  he  is  therefore  fomewhat  bet- 
ter regarded  by   the  peoiile,  who  ufually 
wait  on  him  relpeftfully  every  morning,  to 
with  him  well ;  being  before  him  on  their 
knees,  and  clapping  their  hands,  lay.  Vino, 
luim,  lim,  that  is,  wdl  be  it  to  you. 

W  I  :  u  Beasts. 
■DEFORE  I  coine  to  their  religious 
•^  worlhip,  I  fliall  oblerve  that  the  land 
about  this  river  iicredibly  abounds  in  wild 
beads,  efpecially  elephants,  buffaloes  and 
boars. 

I'.kphants  are  often  lien  there  a  mile  or  r/f^fc^m,. 
two  within  land,  or  Ibmetinies  along  the 
river-i'ide,  about  ^.nid-:- Point,  walking  gent- 
ly towards  the  fai'.l  point  •,  but  if  purlued  by 
men,  they  rctiiv  ,it  a  full  trot  to  the  woods. 
1  lowever,  it  is  not  aiJviie.ible  tor  us  Kiir  je- 
aiii  to  engage  in  liich  a  chace  with  too  lew 
hands,  tho'  provided  with  got)d  lire-arms, 
and  never  fo  boM  and  relblute ;  becaufe  it 
is  very  rare  that  two  or  three  (hot  bring 
down  the  monftrous  beaft  :  for,  as  has  been 
obferved  in  the  defcription  of  tiie  Goltl-f^ijf, 
to  which  I  refer  the  re.uler,  a  great  number 
ot  men  well  armed  have  enough  to  do  to 
conqtu  r  that  creature,  unlets  tome  acciden- 
tal ball  hits  betwixt  the  eye  and  the  ear.  I 
have  there  alio  obferved,  that  this  animal, 
when  provoked  to  extcfs,  is  very  terrible 
and  furious  -,  otherwil'e  it  is  not  much  to  be 
dreaded,  being  of  that  temper  as  to  let  men 
it  meets  accidentally  in  its  way  pals  by,  at 
tome  little  diflaiice  without  dilhirb;inci-. 
Tra\-ellers  have  Ibmerimes  foun.l  the  (ki  le- 
tons  of  I  K'phants  in  the  mi  111  of  woods,  lume 
entire  with  the  teeth  to  their  heady,  weigh- 
ing both  together  fixty  or  teventy  pounds  -, 
the  fore  legs  three,  the  hint)  four  foot  long  ; 
and  the  head  four  toot  or  more  :  which 
(hews  how  large  thel'e  creatures  are  in  that 
part  of  (iiiin,:i. 

Tiivreis  .mother  "hate  of  much  lefsdan-fWrf^wrj. 
ger  and  of  very  good  fport,  which  is  that  of 
the  wild  boar.  Thole  creatures  go  about 
twoor  three  hundred  in  a  herd,  and  if  met 
by  men  that  let  upon  them,  run  away  fo 
fwittly,  that  they  can  hardly  be  ovcrt.tken, 
and  fo  get  out  of  re.ich  among  the  woods  -, 
but  one  or  more  may  be  cut  olVfrcnthe 
reft,  and  lb  more  eafily  be  let  on  and  lliot 
down  in  the  thickets,  and  they  are  very  fweet 
agreeable  focKl. 

There  is  alio  a  great  number  of  red  buffa-  BuffMiii. 
Iocs,  with  ffrait  horns  extended  backwards, 
5  H  about 


in  H 


i-S"! 


■  I  ''\ 


I^: 


tl'l!  '1'' 


p  '1 


"j  ■  ■■ 


ill 


li/NUlv'-li'lr   I: 


394 


y^  Defer iptioft  of  the 


Book  IV 


A'li'  .  about  the  fi/.c  of  an  ox  i  which  when  they 
■'O/''^'  run,  fecm  ro  he  lame  hehintl,  but  arc  very 
fwitt,  ;!n.l  which,  as  the  natives  report, 
when  thiy  arc  lliot  ami  not  inortaliy  woun- 
deii,  fly  inimciliatdy  at  the  man  that  has 
mifsM  his  lliot,  ant!  kill  him.  The  flcfti  of 
burtaloes  is  tar  better  and  more  agreeable 
than  that  otclephants,  the'  the  native >  value 
the  latter  above  it. 

Thefe  animals  alio  keep  in  herds  of  an 
i.'.mdreil  or  more  togetiicr  •,  and  when  a  par- 
cel of  ihcm  is  fet  upon  by  hunters,  and  half 
a  fcore  bullets  fly  without  iiurting  any  of 
them,  they  all  (hmd  Hill,  looking  angrily 
on  the  men,  but  feldoni  do  any  more. 

The  BLuks  are  very  wary  in  hunting  of 
buffaloes,  to  prevent  mifchiet.  When  they 
have  obferved  where  thole  animals  lie  in 
the  evening,  they  place  themfelveson  a  high 
tree,  and  as  foon  as  a  bufFaloc  appears,  flioot 
at  him  from  thence.  If  they  perceive  it  is 
kill'd  by  the  fliot,  they  come  down  from  the 
tree,  and  with  the  alfiltance  of  other  men 
carry  it  oft'.  Butifthefhot  has  not  killed 
it  outright,  they  fit  Hill,  and  keep  ouCi  of 


Veixni. 


danger.  And  thus  they  deftroy  many,  snd 
eat  the  flelh,  which  is  good  and  fat,  as  I 
have  oblerved  before  •,  thofe  bcaf^s  com- 
monly feeding  in  the  meadov  -  ground, 
which  is  about  the  Sand-Poim,  aforefaid. 

Religion. 

A  v^<  to  the  religion  of  the  G(iii5».i,  they  are 
■^^  II  moll  [rrolsanil  very  fuperftitious  pa- 
gan's, and  have,bcfides  thcirGn^;j'j  or  charms, 
as  great  a  number  of  idols  as  any  other  na 
tion  before  fpoken  of;  to  whom  they  attri- 
bute very  great  power,  and  accordingly 
pray  to  and  make  offerings,  each  as  his  fancy 
didates  :  but  how,  and  in  what  manner 
they  dirtdl  their  religious  (ervice,  or  what 
figure  and  lorm  their  idols  are  made  after,  I 
have  not  he.irti,  but  fuppolc  it  to  be  like 
what  h.is  been  already  obferved  of  the  other 
Guincitns,  by  which  it  is  eafy  to  lorm  an  idea 
of  it. 

'I'heir  language  is  much  the  (lime  as  at 
cape  J.oie  (Joiizahrs,  of  which  country  I 
fliall  now  give  a  lliort  defcriptioii,  as  bor- 
dering upon  Gabjii. 


CHAP.     X. 


njefcriptiou  of  the  coaft,  from  KiodcGahon  to  cape  Lope  Gonzalvcs.  / 
account  of  that  caf^.  Cam-wood-  T'hc  king  and  prince  of  the  cape,  tow, 
and  villages.    The  natives,  religion,  Siic. 


An 

'fiS 


Depth  of 
•seated  on 
the  codft. 


Description  of  the  Coast, 

TH  E  fea-coaft  from  the  foutli  point  of 
Rio  lie  Gaho'i's  mouth,  is  low  and  woody, 
.IS  has  been  obferved  before,  and  runs  fouth 
to  the  white  tlowns,  called  Los  Seniiffji  > 
which  are  dillinguifhed  by  the  Poitu^itefe 
into  Fitiuii-Pi-quemss  the  iirll  coming  from 
Giihoii  river,  ami  Fiimh-Grancici,  the  far- 
thelt  which  extend  loutherly  to  near  An^ra 
ilf  A'nznrct.  The  Eiiglijb  call  thcfe  downs 
after  the  Porltiguefi,  LittU  and  great  while 
Cliffi  ■>  iin'l  t'lc  Dutch,  Kleyne  andgrootc  Kti- 
pen  ;  and  fome  IVittehoeck. 

There  is  a  banK  of  fand  of  a  fharp  trian- 
gul  ir  form  jutting  out  to  fea,  fome  leagues 
weftward,  betwixt  both  Fanais,  or  downs;  on 
the  north-  fi('  •  of  which,  is  four  and  three,  and 
on  the  fouth  three  and  two  fathom  water,  be- 
tween the  bank  and  a  fmall  ifland  Ibuth  of  it, 
call)  d  Frouh-Bank,  being  almofl  as  low  as 
the  furface  of  the  water  about  it,  and  is,  ac- 
cording to  our  Kiigl'flj  chart,  exaftly  weft  of 
the  bay  of  Nazaret. 

From  i\\t  fouth  hoeck  of  Fanaii  Grandes, 
the  coaft  to  Olihatla  river,  in  the  bottom  of 
the  bay  of  cape  /.o/r,  extends  Ibuth  by  eaft, 
and  at  about  a  league  and  half  from  fiiore, 
has  thirteen  and  twelve  fathom  water  •,  but 
nearer  the  land,  fix,  five,  and  four  fathom. 


without  any  danger,  which  is  ge'ierally  to  be 
found  in  failing  along  the  co-^'Itof  the  Bight, 
which  is  done  to  get  a  land-v  ind  in  the  night, 
and  a  fea- wind  in  tlieday-tiMc  ;  and  the  fame 
at  cape  Lope, 

The  tide  com'ng  r  .t  of  this  c.ipe,  fet',s»m"n;:-- 
fouth  and  welt  ;  toutl.  in  March,  A/ril,  and'*"''" 
Ma\,  along  the  coaft,  which  very  muc'i  fa- 
cilitates  the  navigation  acrofs  the  equincdfiul, 
in  thofe  parts ;  for  at  that  time  it  is  ve.  y  rare 
for  the  tide  about  the  cape  to  fet  northward, 
as  it  happens  now  and  then,  in  .-^ngujt  and 
September,  whkh  is  imputed  to  thj  fouther'y 
winds,  forcing  it  to  the  nor'.ii,  the  fefli 
coming  conftantly  out  cf  the  grea:  river 
Zaire,  tho'  diftant  from  this  cape  near  an 
hundred  leagues,  fouth-eaft  by  fouth. 

From    Oltbatia   rive.-,  in  the  bottom  ofo.,i,;.t, 
the  bay  of  cape  Lope,  the  mouth  of  w!,'     ■hnx.i 
river  lies  in  one  degree  eighteen  minutes  oi**/' 
fouth  latitude  -,   the    l.md  turns  ftort    to 
north-weft,  for  about  eight  leagues,  u  direft 
courfe,  in  the  nature  of  a  narrow,  P.it,  low 
peninlula,  fc.uce  two  leagues   broad  in  its 
iarpeft  part,   and  growing   (j;radually  nar- 
rower as  it  approaches  tlu-  point  or  head,  at 
north-weft  ;  which  is  the  famous  cape  Lope 
Goiizaives,  of  which  I  am  to  (peak  at  large 
prefently,  and  which  with  the  eaftirn  land 
oppofite  to  it,    called   jingra  de  I^'ar.arel, 

and 


Book  IV. 


wny,  snd 
fat,  as  I 
ifts  com- 
-  ground, 
urefatd. 


f,  they  .irr 
litious  pa- 
or  charms, 
other  n,\ 
ihc-y  attri- 
ccordingly 
IS  his  t.incv 
at  manner 
?,  or  what 
ade  after,  I 
to  behkc 
if  tliir  other 
inn  ail  idea 

fame  as  at 

country   I 

)n,  as  bor- 


Ivcs.     An 
>e.  Towrii 


lieraliy  to  be 
iftheB'gbt, 
in  the  night, 
»nd  the  fame 

cape,  fet',S((iiij  :■ 

AiriU  audi*"'* 

y  muc'i  fa- 
equincdial, 

is  vevy  rare 

nor'Jnvard, 

Augiiji  and 

J  fouiher'y 

,  the  frefl) 

great  river 
ape  near  an 
foiith. 

bottom    ofon'o::!! 
ih   of  wli'       ■hn  t<-i 

minutes  oi**/' 
ns  (Vort  to 
;ues,  u  dircft 
iw,  P. it,  low 
broad  in  its 
adually  nar- 
nt  or  iiead,  at 
us  cape  Lofe 
)eak.  at  large 

lafti  rn  land 

ds  I^a:.aret, 
and 


er 


fli 


v.! 


fl,:'?;'! 


u  r 


m:i : 


r»;.'i 


:i'i 


M 


nil/ 


I       A'/./: /'/./A- 


n,:^, 


VSJ 


ycct 


.ffi 


III 


LC'J'       ' 


1  Stand  ah '  3  ix;;;;^^ 


-."^-ifo; 


-*^  ■—-•1 


-^^^^-s^^^a 


rv  '^-t--iliri  ..i's.----^.i''-^^  ^iiiiirL 


-"^^^  ^ 


*^' ■«;<jfe-j»>^tv-i^  '^ 


ni;  Sijht  .'/'  :^f^niU\''r  J.rLinJ  Mfx 


:f.'>4lkwl 


•--^*<;^-»gB«^-*^-..^^.^^ig!«at.  :^a?:-*.^.S&:L.>-^;^^^gi^^V-t-,r^ 


— '    -/^ 


Trospict  cfih:  ^lsij:ul   J■^./  tV//.' ,  //vw  /^j  JV//,'iW';.'7.v  Ji. 


/<//•'  T  L cV6';/;.M'\v ["kJ^'lnust  .^fs/.i/u/Jhinj  ,7/  E S £  . 


t  ,1.'  ,'.' ,. 


i)''!  li^fi:;' 


J. rim  J  At  E^l\ 


A 


■.f^m^ 


.  ^iw^'^i*-''- 


C^^^lJr^. 


uUiL'S  distance  f>'j<nL  Jca.  .,  j-k^  :,.,,-  htnwn  rhrj-.-'Vl^^j .  A  i>.\ 


»f-iffittft;_f"  \he    bijitsjt 


ifri£ii£^Sir  ^,*=?  vu' 


'■«tj»i«lii(ii>>iM'iMii. 


.iMJcT.*: 


j-^-.- "*, 


0S«^^SifcSiEi£a^^*£.::i2^  u..,.,/«..  ^ 


^-;  •  -i;^!isfe4,^^g^'f »?yi>^-'^-"-*-^T 


.(('^i*-,, 


* 
^ 


.'V 


^ 


■"»  v>y^       vt' 


t  "' 


i?   •■>,_      V 


^ 


* 


,,- V  _!'■      Stenjrovi  ar^ut 


^1  litfjil 


lit 


fi 


;.v4 


»!  'i' 


Fli 


'  • 


:n;i 


!    i  * 


^1 


u 


fl  tuJ. 


Chap.  10.         <7tf(7/?/ 0/ South-Guinea. 


39? 


anil  the  iulj  icrnt  co.ift  at  foiitli,  and  louth 
lotitli  ei'K  in-ikes  thi'  hiy  o(  Oltbatt.r,  the 
nririi  ii).il  lown  "*  •'""  country  <>(  thi-  kin^ 
of  caiH'  /■''p(,  coniinonly  lb  called,  by  all 
EtODpeMi  Icatarin^;  nations. 

The  loall  of  this  bay  Ironi  Angra  (/<■  Na- 
zirfl,  to  the  north-call  point  of  liiodtOlt- 
lfat:a,  is  covered  with  a  large  bank,  which 
nn  it  draws  near  the  river  grows  broader, 
till  it  comes  to  the  cliannci  ot  its  mouth, 
and  beyond  the  fame  i  hannci  extendi  again 
to  the  iViore,  north  well  of  tlie  famr  river. 
ji„tiU  The  ulud  roid  for  fhips  of  liurdrn  to 
.anchor  in,  is  in  fifty  minutes  of  fouth  l.iti- 
tude,  call  by  fouth  of  the  caiK-,  iu(l  within 
(lie  poiiit  i  for  though  the  land  of  the  cape 
is  very  low  and  fl.u,  tall  ftiipsmay  without 
any  danger  come  c'oli:  up  to  the  point  in 
deep  water,  wiiii  h  is  contr.iry  to  tin  niturc 
(if  Hat  low  lanils,  where  gener.illy  the  w.i- 
nr  is  fhallow  in  proportion  to  the  lownils 
of  the  land,  except  in  this  place.  It  is  t(» 
be  obllrval,  thit  about  a  league  and  half 
call  north-call  to  ll.iw.ird  o(  the  cape,  there 
is  a  Iboal  or  bank,  but  (o  cut  off  from 
the  point  ot  the  cipe,  that  it  leaves  a  very 
lar^e  channel,  fitly  tathom  deep. 
ln.vriM  I'lKre  .iri-  alio  very  uneven  grouiuls  about 
t-ii./i'.' the  bay  aiul  moving  lands,  which  if  a  (hip 
jlwuld  happen  to  touch  upon,  may  en- 
danger it  i  and  therefore  lailors  ought  to 
keep  continu.'.lly  founding,  either  as  they 
i;o  in  or  out  of  the  bay,  to  prevent  acci- 
ilents:  but  svhen  they  have  once  brought  the 
r.ipc  to  brar  well,  they  are  pall  thole  dan- 
pcis,  and  the  bottom  is  found. 

Tiie  country  all  rountl  the  bay,  a  great 
w.iy  inland,  ii  fwampy  ground,  fcarce  paHIi- 
bie  en  loot. 

CaPL    l.OI'E    GoN/ALVEJ 

TT  i  I  !■'.  cape  in  failing  by  it,  at  about  five 
'  If.igues  dillance  Well,  Ihows  like  a  low 
tl.it  ill.iiid,  being  in  reality  a  long  narrow 
li'ninliil.i,  llretching  out  It'veral  leagues  to 
liM  from  tiie  toininent;  which  is,  as  well  as 
tht  pcninfula,  low,  tlit  and  Iwampy,  all  o- 
vir  wooilcil,  as  ap|x:ars  by  the  profpedl 
ri.rni  thereof  in  the  print  here  adjoined.  It  had 
ilic  name  of  Cabo  de  Lope  Goiizii!vi.s,  from 
tiie  Poyl.'tgtieji,  who  firft  difcovered  it,  and 
lies  in  titty  five  minutes  of  fouth  latitude. 
hfiif  Ntar  it  is  a  hamlet  of  about  twenty  houfes 
'"}■  or  cottages,  inhabiteil  by  a  ftnall  number 
of  Backs,  only  whilft  any  Ihip  is  in  the 
roid  to  attend  the  trade  ;  but  it  is  very  rare 
to  Ice  no  Ihip  there,  and  very  often  there 
;ire  Itveral  mgether,  a  great  number  refor- 
tin^thic.hcr  every  year,  either  to  provide  ne- 
ccllarics,  or  to  wa(h  or  tallow,  in  order  to 
prolcciite  tiieir  voyage  to  America  or  Europe., 
or  life  t  k  to  the  (juld  Conjl  of  Guiiien,  as 
the  co.dl  tr.iding  vclFels  ufc  commonly 
to  do  :   but  of  all  Europeans,    the  Dutch 


are  mod  frequently  there,    for  the  above- IUr mot- 
mentioned  purjxjfes.  V^V^' 

All  fhips  that  arrive  tlure  ufu.tlly  fire„7^, ,/., 
fomc  guns,  to  give  notice  ot  their  coming r^^r  *i- 
to  the  inland  people,  who  immeiliately  re-A'*'' 
pair  to  the  cape  Uom'O!  h.i'.Ui,   and  other 
inland  places  to  trade,    or  to  lell   fuch  ne- 
ceffiries  as  they  have,  which  are  wood  for 
liiel,  frefh  water  anil  fome  provifions. 

'I"hcnatives  knowinglmw  many  (hipsielbrt 
thither  yearly,  continuilly  keep  good  llore 
of  wood  ready  cut,  lu.ir  the  <..\\k,  being 
billets  about  two  foot  lon|';,  and  fell  a  boat- 
load thereof  tor  one  bar  ot  iron,  or  at  the 
dearefl  time  give  a  tathom  of  it  for  the 
faid  price.  The  trelli  water  is  taken  out'<i»»' «»»' 
of  a  large  muddy  pond,  lying  very  near"*"'" 
the  cape.  It  keeps  fwdt  and  Irelh  at  lea  i 
and  is  accounted  by  m.iny  liafiring  perfoiis 
much  wholeliinur  thin  tint  .it  6'/.  'Jvome, 
or  even  .it  the  P>:i:u\  ill.ind. 

F.very  fhip  IS  to  piya  eeitjin  duty  tor  D«/yf«ii. 
anchorage,  and  torwcvling  .mil  watering, 
butot  no  great  v.ilue,  to  ihcClj.iv^'-Poii'b, 
or  ehiet  of  the  little  village  at  the  c.ipe. 
It  does  not  exceed  tour,  five  or  fix  knives, 
and  a  bottle  ortwoot  inalt-lpirits,  or  com- 
mon brandy,  and  that  rather  out  of  civility 
than  any  thing  elfe,  according  to  the  big- 
nefs  of  the  fhip  •,  fur  they  might  cafily  tur- 
nilh  themfelves  with  wood  and  water  by 
force:  but  befides,  that  the  B!/uks  ,n~  fatii- 
fied  with  lb  little  as  1  have  mentioned  for 
the  permifhon  of  wooding  and  watering, 
it  may  be  inconvenient  lor  other  lliips  co- 
ming after  them  on  the        .  account. 

Thofe  Ihip's  crews,  w  ik.;  are  provided f/f«/>  <■/ 
with  nets,  hooks  and  lines,  may  there  eafily//* 
catch  a  prodigious  tpantity  of  good  lea-filh, 
whereof  vaft  fhoals  are  daily  feen  in  the  bay  •, 
infomuch,  that  at  one  fingle  call  of  a  net, 
they  often  take  as  much  .is  will  load  a  liiiall 
boat.  They  may  alio  refrefh  themfelves 
with  oyllers  hanging  at  the  boughs  ot  long 
ranges  of  mangrove  trees,  bordering  tlic 
fliore  ofthe  bay,  and  in  itare  gre.it  numhirs 
of  crocodiles  and  Ica-luirles. 

The  provifions   lliips  may    be    fupplicd  PrtvUicnx 
with  there,  are  lowl,  hogs,  butFaloes,  ba- 
nanas, potatoes  and  yams  1  befides  the  fifh 
aforefaid,  and  Pieiiunto  dc  Riibo,    or  long 
pepper  and  purllain. 

The  great  number  of  (hips  I  have  faid 
reforts  thither  yearly,  makes  a  pretty  brifk 
trade  for  cam-wood,  bees-wax,  honey  and 
elephant's-teeth  i  of  which  lad,  a  ihip  may 
fometimcs  purchafe  three  or  four  tlioufind  q,i,j,  „„ 
weight  of  good  large  ones,  and  fometimcs  4«</)ylW»/ 
more,  and  there  is  always  abundance  of 
wax :  all  which  Euroiedns  purchale  for 
knives  called  bofmans,  iron- bars,  beads, 
old  fheets,  brandy,  malt-lpirits  or  rum ; 
axes ;  the  fhells  call'd  Cauris ;  nnnabas, 
copper-bars,  brafs-bafons,   from  eightecn- 

pence 


!    UnlVrln  1!   V  ' 


m 


t';M 


M 


'3>-,':' 


mm 


■,.1'lr  'I' 


i(-  -  r  ■-'     ■1;'...'.-'  ■"!     i 


nf;i 


!•>.■ 


396 


A  Defcription  of  the 


Book  IV. 


Baiuiot.  pence  to  two  fliillings  a-picce  ;    fire-locks, 
'"■''V^  mufkets,  povvckr,  ball,  fmall-lhot,  ^f. 

C    A  M  -  W  O  O  D . 

'T'lIE  c;in-i-wooi.l  is  the  king's  peculiar 
■■•  tiMiie  tliere,  and  all  fold  by  him,  at 
about  twenty  five  or  thirty  (hillings /v  tun, 
according  to  the  prime  coft  of  the  goods 
given  for  it  in  h'.uroj-c,  and  fometimes  not 
above  twenty  iliiHings  per  tun  ;  he  under- 
taking to  provide  by  a  certain  time  forty 
or  fifty  tun  tlnroof,  provideii  we  lend  him 
axes  and  laws  to  cut  it  down,  eighteen  or 
twenty  I;ag;i.  s  up  the  ri  vi  r  ot  0/i^rt// Jiwhence 
he  conveys  it  at  his  own  charge  to  the  lea- 
fiiie  :  the  country  thereabouts  having  large 
iorclls  of  that  fort  of  wood,  tlu-  bell 
whereof  is  tiiat  which  grows  on  Iwampy 
grounds,  he  ing  very  hard,  ponderous,  and 
of  the  bell:  reil  ;  whereas,  that  wliicl.  grows 
on  high  dry  r  ounds  is  much  lighter  and 
p.der.  The  j^tir  fort  of  it,  is  at  Loi.iion 
elleemedr^ar  .is  good  as  the  i7't7-''''fl  cam- 
wood. 

KiNT.    ni:i!  PiMvci;   nf  C.wi  l.oi'E. 
•T'  K  OM  the  village  at   the  cape  to  the 
■*■     town  of  0/i7,'//i7,  where  prince  T/icw.u, 
Ion  to  the  king  of  cape  Lope  refides,    is  a- 
bou:  fix  leagues  liy  land,  there  being  feveral 
cottages  ami  hamlet-,  of  the  natives  in  the 
I'pace  between  thofe  two  places,  on  the  pen- 
inhila  ;    and  tiom    that  prince's  habitation 
to  the  king's  ufual   refidence,  is  five  or  fix 
li  agues  more  up  the  inland,    but  gone  on 
the  river  in  canoes. 
ihrfrii.ct's     That   ptince  is  a  tall  well-fliaped  Black, 
''"i'<-        about  thirty  eight  or  forty  years  of  age,  by 
the  natives  callM  Sa'Je- Pongo,    who  io   his 
lii'portmcnt  before   flrangers  affetfts  a  co- 
niiral  air  of  grandeur,    commonly  drelTing 
himfelf  in  a  piece  of  calico  ilriped   white 
and  bUk',    wound  feveral   times  about  his 
body  ;  his   nerk,  arms  and  legs,    adorned 
with  ibiiigs  ot'  fliells  and  little  bones  iviinied 
led,  a.nd  his  Lice  often  befmear'd  witiia  white 
fort  of  com[X)fition. 
His  {CUT-       In  honoLir  to  luih  Europeans  as  vifit  him, 
••'.r  I"       he  will  ailvance  fonic  diflance  from  his  houle 
J  rangers.  ^^  ^-^^^.^  (ije,,,^    leaning  on   four  or  fi\e  of 
his  wives,  and  attentied  by  feveral  B':.uk', 
armed  with  javelins  and  fire-locks, whiihtliey 
fire  now  antl  then  very  confullcily,  .uul  pre- 
ceded by  drummers  and  trumpeters,  before 
whom  are  ilveral  colours  and  llandards  of 
the  Dutch.     In  this  manner  he   meets  the 
itranger,  takes- him  by  the  ha:id,  ami  re- 
turning to  !iis  luiufe  or  palac  e,    fits  down 
there  with  the  vifitaiu  by  his  fide,  anil  en- 
tertains him  the  beft  he  is  able,  in  broken 
Pctitigiieje;    difeouifing    about  the  nation 
he  belongs  to  in  km  ope,  always  expreffing 
very  great  clleim  for  the  king  or  gover- 
nors thereof,    and  ofl'ering  to  drink  tlitir 


health  in  palm-wine;  which  when  he  doej, 
fometimes  in  a  cryltal-glals,  or  an)  other 
vefTel,  all  the  natives  about  him,  men  ami  wo- 
men, being  no  fmall  number  upon  Inch  occa- 
fions,  liftup  their  right  hands,  ami  hold  tlicni 
fo  long  as  he  is  lirinking,  obfc:rving  a  pro- 
found filence  ;  after  which,  the  drummers 
and  trumpeters  found  ami  bear,  whilll  the 
loldiers  give  a  volley  of  tiv.ir  fire-amis : 
and  then,  to  divert  the  ftranger,  bothnuif- 
c]ueteers  and  Ipearrnen  run  about  fliouiino- 
and  howling  in  fuch  a  manner,  as  is  trigluful 
to  thofe  who  are  not  acquainted  wiih  it. 
This  ceremony  is  jirafliled  every  time  the 
king  drinks  a  health  v  and  then  ihe  kin;:; 
retires  into  his  houle,  having  the  forei^ntr 
with  thole  perlons  that  concluded  him 
from  the  fea  to  his  palace  -,  which  is  hy 
thofe  peo'.le  eall'd  Ga'.'i-paita,  as  is  that 
of  the  king  of  Poiigo  at  Gal:)i. 

Towns  ami  \'i(.r..»r;rs. 

'ip  II 1"'',  town  where  the  king  refides,  con-j;,^  ,.;., 
•■■  (ills  A  about  tlitee  hundred  houlis,^!,,.' ' 
made  of  bul-ruihes,  wreathed  in  the  lame 
manner  as  thole  of  da' on,  aiul  lil^e  tiicm 
covered  with  palm-tree  leaves,  wherein  ar.- 
lodged  th"  king's  wives,  his  children,  hii 
relations,  and  his  flaves ;  beiides  fome  p.ir- 
ticular  families  of  his  fubjects,  tiir  whom 
he  has  the  grcateft  kindnefs,  wliich  all  to- 
gether make  as  it  were  a  little  feparate 
town.  We  go  thither  in  great  cmocs  up 
the  river,  all  the  country  auout  being  low 
ami  marfliy  ground,  not  tit  to  travel  dn- 
ther  by  land. 

There  are  other  townsand  villagcsahoutche 
country,  five  or  fix  leagues  from  each  other ; 
the  inhabitants  whereof  living  fo  far  fiotn  tlie 
fea-coafl,  and  feldom  feeing  any  /F/! ;/(■  men 
111  thofe  remote  parts,  when  any  happen  to 
go  thither,  they  Hock  from  all  the  neigh- 
bouring places  to  lee  them,  bringin;!;  biif- 
f.does  and  elephant's-lklh  to  iri.ii  thvm 
with,  as  valuing  th.it  .ibove  any  food  their 
country  atl'ortls,  ami  particulaily  the  ele- 
ph.mts.  Many  of  thofe  inland  people  notA'«w).f 
being  able  to  conceive  how  the  EiiropcAm 
flaould  happen  to  be  white  and  they  black, 
fincy  we  make  it  fo  by  art:  fi)r  whiih 
lealon,  lo.ne  of  them  rub  the  faces  of  fuch 
flrangers  with  their  hands,  and  others  will 
ttrape  their  hands  with  their  knives,  be- 
lieving they  may  by  that  means  take  olf 
the  artificial  white  they  im.igine -,  but  that 
remaining,  contrary  to  their  exjiedation, 
they  are  much  lurpriled  at  the  dilVerenie 
of  complexion  between  them  anil  us,  till 
fbme  of  the  natives,  who  are  uled  tn  lee 
and  converfe  frequently  with  Europeans,  and 
whc  commonly  bear  us  company  up  the 
country,  tell  them,  that  if  they  weie  in 
Europe,  they  would  appear  as  ftrangc  to 
the  people  there,  who  are  not  u(cd  to  fee 

black 


BiiCk:. 


Book  IV  I  Chap.  10.  Coafis  of  Sovth-Gv is e a. 


391 


en  he  douj, 
r  an)  ocIkt 
nenaiitl  wo- 
m  lilt  h  olcm- 
:!  lioUl  iiiini 
ving  a  pro- 
e  drummers 
,  wliillt  the 
r  fire-arms : 
•,  bod)  muf- 
3Ut  fliouLing 
IS  is  t'riglutiil 
itc'd  widi  it. 
cry  time  tlie 
(■n  the  k;ny; 
ill'  tbrcii^iicr 
tiuclird  liim 
vviliiii  is  liy 
,    as  is  tliac 


;es. 

ri'fuk's,  con-j;,|,  ;;.. 
drcd    houlrs,ri,ff.,, 

in  the  lame 
hI  like  tiiem 
,  wherein  ar.- 
children,  l.is 
Jes  ionvjii.ir- 
,  for  whom 
wliicli  all  10- 
ictle  ll'parate 
:ac  canoes  up 
ut  being  low 
to   travel  dii- 

agcsaboutthe 
n  each  other ; 
b  (ar  from  the 
iy  mi/t-mm 
V  happ.n  1') 
,11  the  neigh- 
•inging  hup 
treat   thent 
ly  food  their 
ly  tiie  ele- 
piople  notNj'M.-f 
he    F.,'y^p^•.lln^■'^^'■ 
they  black, 
tor   whiih 
faces  ol  Uicii 
nd  others  will 
knives,    be- 
Mns  take  oiV 
ine  ;  but  that 
expedatioii, 
:he  dilVerenie 
and  us,  til! 
tiled  tn  lee 
iuropraiiu  and 
ipany  up  the 
they   weie  in 
IS  ftrangc  to 
»c  uled  to  Ice 
black 


blick  faces,   as  the  IFhite  men  feem  afto- 
nifhing  to  thcni. 

The    Natives. 

cmimi  T  ^^^^  ^''^  ''"*^  ^'^''y  courteous  and  civil 
iMf/r.  *■  to  Europeans,  many  of  whom  having 
been  Ihipwreck'd  there,  and  obliged  to  live 
a  confiderable  time  among  thole  people, 
were  all  the  while  very  lovingly  ufed  and 
fupplied  by  thole  Blacks  with  all  forts  of 
provifions,  and  every  thing  the  country 
would  aftbrd,  without  demanding  any  re- 
turn. 

The  fubjedls  feem  to  have  a  great  vene- 
ration for  their  king,  but  we  fuppofe  it  to 
be  as  with  other  nations  in  thofe  parts,  more 
eipecially  before  ftrangers :  for  at  other 
tinies,  they  arc  laid  to  live  all  together,  as 
if  no  rank  diftinguifh'd  the  fovereign  from 
the  (lave,  and  thole  kings  work  as  well  as 
their  me.mell  fubjefts ;  as  lias  been  laid, 
fjjeaking  of  the  king  of  G.iho)i. 

This  king  of  cape  Lrli-,  has  Ibme  iron 
guns  mounted  on  carriages  before  ins  palace- 
door  at  Oiibalta,  bought  by  his  pretle- 
celfors  of  the  I'rencb,  and  he  is  not  a  little 
proud  of  them  ;  tho'  tiiey  are  fcldom  ufed, 
either  for  want  of  fkdl,  or  for  fear  of  ac- 
cidents, 
f  ,,„  I  can  give  no  good  account  of  the  nature 
and  number  of  his  forces  ;  but  confidering 
what  I  laid  before,  that  the  king  of  Pongo 
routed  him,  and  ravaged  his  country  with 
lb  fmall  a  power,  we  may  conclude  his  to 
be  inconfiderabie.  When  he  fpeaks  of  them 
jiimfell,  either  in  promifing  afTiftance  to  a 
neighbour,  or  threatning  to  make  war,  he 
ufually  liiys,  he  will  come  himfelf  at  the 
head  of  his  lances  and  fire-locks. 

tor  adminiftring  of  juftice,  he  has  his 
ChiKt-Poiifos,  or  magiftrates,  in  every  town 
or  dilbift,  to  fee  good  order  kept :  by 
whieli,  and  other  circumftances  it  appears, 
that  prince  mufl:  have  more  than,  as  fome 
vainly  imagine,  a  fuperficial  dominion,  or 
tonim and  over  his  people. 

I  liave  not  met  with  any  author  or  tra- 
veller, that  could  give  a  juft  account  of 
the  extent  of  this  king's  domiaions,  either 
cultward  or  louthward  \  however,  fince 
moll  modern  geographers  carry  the  king- 
dom of  Brtmas,  which  is  the  frontier  of 
the  lower  Elhio/ia,  to  tiie  river  Fairc',  al- 
niofl  under  the  line  ;  the  kingdom  of  cape 
Lope  muit  of  conlequence  be  fuppos'd  to 
reach  no  farther  louthward  than  the  laid 
river,  or  at  farthell  to  that  of  Fernan  Vaz, 
in  one  degree  fifty  minutes  of  fouth  latitude, 
as  let  down  in  fbme  Dutch  maps,  the  banks 
whereof  are  inhabited  by  the  people  called 
Comma.  The  neighbours  of  this  king's 
dominions  at  call  fouth-eafl,  are,  according 
to  fbme,  the  Anzikan  people,  who  are  man- 
eaters,  and  extend  to  the  louth-wcit  Ikirts 
V  o  L.  V. 


of  Jliifinia.  However  it  be,  this  is  certain,  RARBor- 
that  the  king  of  cape  Loj>e's  dominions  are  ^^V^^ 
not  very  great. 

More  might  be  faid  concerning  this 
prince,  as  to  his  wives,  their  manners,  and 
other  particulars ;  but  thefe  things  being  fo 
like  what  has  been  faid  of  others,  it  is 
needlefs  to  repeat.  I  fliall  therefore  only 
add  fomething  of  the  nature  and  produft 
of  the  country,  and  of  the  manners  and  re- 
ligion of  the  natives  in  general. 

They  are  commonly  tallandwell-fIiaped,sA«ff  ««/ 
as  like  thofe  of  Gallon  in  feature  and  de- "'»?"• «/ 
portment,  as  if  thty  were  one  and  the  fAme'ill"^"' 
nation  ;    but  of  a  more  courteous  temper, 
and   very  afiable  to  Europeans,    to   whom 
they  all,  the  king  not  excepted,  are  very  r'.ady 
to  tender  the  company  of  their  fineft  wives, 
it  they  feem  to  tkfire  it ;  looking  upon  it 
as  an  honour  to  their  wives  ant!  themlelves, 
as  making  no  account  of  cuckoldom  ;  and 
the  female  fex  being  generally  very  free  of 
their  bodies. 

Thecommon  drefsbothof  men  and  women,  H«W». 
is  alfomuch  like  that  of  the  Gakn  B  acks: 
but  the  knives  the  men  ufually  carry,  have 
three  or  four  very  fliarp  points  :  they  throw 
them  fo  dexteroully,  that  which  way  Ib- 
ever  they  hit,  they  certainly  Hick  ;  and 
fcarce  any  of  them  walks  abroad  witiiouc 
one  in  his  hand,  as  the  molt  ready  weapon, 
for  their  defence. 

Their  houfes  are  alfo  like  thofe  at  Gabon, 
both  in  fhape  and  materials.    Their  com- 
mon food  is  yams,  potatoes,  bananas,  green  Tornt. 
or  dried  fifh  and  tiefli ;    eipecially   that  "^f 
buffaloes  and  elephants. 

They  never  drink  at  meals,  and  being  DrhiUng 
all  fubdividi'd  into  tribes  and  families,"'"' (>»"i. 
the  heads  or  chiefs  whereof,  are  diftinguifh'd 
among  them,  by  the  name  or  title  of  A'/aii  ; 
It  is  a  culloni  tor  tiie  Miivi  of  a  tribe  al- 
ways to  eat  by  himlllf  alone  in  a  pcwter- 
difb,  and  the  reft  of  his  family  in  woodin 
veflels.  They  fit  at  their  meals  on  mats, 
and   lie  on  them  at  night. 

Thefe,  as  well  as  the  Gabon  Blacks, 
make  no  feruple  to  marry  their  own  mo- 
thers, aunts,  daughters  or  fifters,  and  wear 
bits  of  ivory  flue!;  through  their  ears,  or 
long  rings ;  and  fplit  their  upper-lip,  keep-  Cut  lift. 
ing  a  little  wooden  ftick  in  the  galli  to  pre- 
vent its  clofing,  becaule  they  are  fubjed:  to 
a  certain  diftemper  very  common  there, 
which  on  a  fudden  feizes  and  cafts  thein 
into  fits,  of  fb  long  a  continuance,  and 
clofing  their  mouth  lo  faft,  that  they  would 
be  inevitably  lulFocated,  it  by  me;'.ns  of 
the  fplit  at  their  upper-lip,  th  y  did  i.ot 
pour  into  their  mouths  fome  ol  the  juice 
of  a  certain  medicinal  herb,  which  has  the 
virtue  of  eafingand  curing  the  dileafeU  per- 
fon  in  a  very  ihort  time. 


5l 


Th( 


eir 


... 


3P8 


A  Defcfiption  of  the 


Book  IV.  I  Chap. 


m 


!:  ■  M' 


i:i;^ 


Barbot.  Their  language  differs  in  nothing,  from 
*^V^^  th.it  ot"Ga/'o»,only  ftrangers  have  this  acivan- 
^'"'■^'"'■f'  t.iyc,  that  tiie  cape  Lope  Blacks  can  Tpiak  a 
broiicn  Porluguefe,  as  having  fiequcnt  com- 
merce with  many  lea-faring  men  of  that 
, nation,  who  relort  thither,  from  Brazil, 
Jiigr/!.t,  ami  the  Portugueje  iflands  ot  the 
Bii^bt,  to  clean,  or  get  provifions,  or  trade, 
as  being  a  more  convenient  place,  and  of 
mucii  lefs  expence  than  at  St.  Tome,  or 
i'rwiv'a  itl.inds,  their  own  colonies.  How- 
ever, bccaule  every  northern /'-«ro/t',j«  that 
trades  there  cannot  fpeak  PortngiifJ?,  I  let 
down  here  fome  few  of  the  moil  neceflary 
words  and  phrafes  ot  their  language.  Si- 
omb.i,  to  buy  ;  Mamimomaeat!,  clc-phant's 
teeth  •,  Pttlii^^o,  iron-bar ;  AIonc'/o,  linen 
clotl)  1  'J:ig>ui,  a  knife  •,  Peiollo,  gun-pow- 
der ;  //y';i;£.,  afliip-,  £«/;>«/!!,  wrought  pew- 


Bioqiio,  bad 


iixirti/ic 
iitat. 


Fino,  good 


0 


ucro,  to 


ter  i 

aik  i  'Jt'u^^o,  little  •,  ^:^iendo,  go  away  ; 
Aknu,  lit  me  fee;  Biaka,  let  come;  Coria, 
to  eat  ;  MoiuLUo,  a  Hollander  ;  Mccki-ndo 
Finn,  a  line  woman  ;  Pel.ie,  large  or  great  ; 
S.'iVi'-loi.l'O,  the  king  ;  Coqurtle,  power  i 
Cal:r!i!,\  for  Maliguc'.'.e,  or  (.ititnea  pepper. 

'lis  hardly  to  be  believed  what  a  mulii- 
f.ide  of  blue  parrots  tl.ereis-,  forlometimes 
they  lly  over  the  country  in  fuch  numbers, 
as  really  feem  to  darken  the  air:  they  Ibar 
not  extraordinary  high,  and  may  be  enfily 
fliot,  being  good  meat  ftew'd  or  boil'd, 
cipccially  the  young  ones  ;  which,  with  the 
bullocks  flefli,  fo  common  in  thofe  p.irts, 
is  an  extraordinary  help  to  failors.  The 
latter  feed  in  Savannas,  and  other  pafture- 
grounds  about  the  woods,  where  thiy  fliel- 
ter  theinlelves,  lometimes  above  a  thouland 
in  a  herd.  To  kill  them  they  get  to  the 
windward  ofthe  herd,  in  the  night-time,  and 
aflault  I  hem  juft  at  break  of  day,  (hooting 
among  them;  for  if  they  have  the  wind, 
they  will  run  into  the  woods.  This  fort  of 
cattle  is  linallcr  than  at  Caho-Firde  ;  their 
horns  no  more  than  round  Humps,  like  the 
JLurwycows,  on  thecoaft  oi  La  //ngjie. 

The  liays  and  nights  are  generally  of  an 
equal  length,  except  at  the  time  the  <"  .i 
comes  to  the  tropicks,  when  they  diner 
.ibout  halt  an  hour. 

The  winter  or  bad  feafon  commences  in 
ylfril,  -.xnd  hlhtiW Seiiemhfr,  during  which 
time,  ilio'  it  rains  continually,  the  heat  is 
yet  almoll  intolerable,  and  fo  extreme,  that 
the  foil  is  fcarcc  wet,  and  the  Hones  almotl 
as  hot  as  lire. 

The  ufual  weapons  for  war,  are  bows  and 
arrows,  javeli"';  pointed  with  iron,  and 
rtiields  ofbulr^.nes,  five  foot  long,  or  the 
bark  of  trees,  for  the  generality  ;  and  fome 
few  ufe  miitkets.  When  their  army  t.ikes 
the  field,  the  women  attend  their  hufb.mds, 
and  carry  their  weapons,  till  the  time  they 
meet  the  enemy,  and  then  deliver  them  to 


the  foldiers.  Their  drums  are  made  after 
the  manner  of  thofe  at  the  Gold  Coajl,  wide 
at  the  upper  end,  and  pointed  at  the  other. 
Thus  they  make  war  by  land  or  by  water, 
and  to  that  cfi'edl  they  always  keep  a  cer- 
tain number  of  long  large  canoes  ready, 
which  they  row  \\V.t^\\f:  Sterra-Leona  Blacks, 
Handing  up  in  them.  They  ufe  great  in- 
humanities towards  their  enemies,  when  they 
get  the  upper  hand.  Formerly  they  ufed 
to  eat  them,  but  ever  fince  the  Europeans 
buy  Haves  at  Guii.ea,  they  are  fatisfied  with 
felling  their  prifoners  of  war,  inftead  of 
dcftroying  them,  as  finding  it  for  their  ad- 
vantage, tho'  they  have  commonly  but 
few  to  difpofe  ot ;  but  betbre  they  are  fold, 
they  make  them  feel  tlie  eirerts  of  their  ha- 
tred, in  abuies  and  blows,  after  an  inhuman 
manner. 


T 


Religion. 

H  O  S  E  BLichs  feem  iomewiiat  more 
rational  in  their  religious  worHiip  ih.xnsm.mm. 
all  the  oihcrs  1  have  l(?en  ;  for  tho'  they  <""''«"', 
have  all  their  idols,  as  well  as  thefc,  yr.t'""^''''''''' 
they  feem  to  entertain  a  nearer  idea  of  the 
deity,  in  worlhipping,  as  feveralof  them 
do,  the  fun,  the  moon,  and  the  earth,  as 
natural  gods  ;  and  as  to  the  earth,  they  ac- 
count it  a  protltnation  to  fpit  on  the  ground. 
Some  there  are,  who  adore  certain  high 
lofty  trees,  and  the  realbn  they  give  for  it 
is,  that  they  are  beholden  to  the  earth  and 
trees  tor  affording  them  all  manner  of 
eatables  for  their  fubfiftance,  by  the  help 
and  influences  of  the  two  glorious  luminaries 
of  heaven  ;  which  befides,  continually  light 
them. 

When  firll  their  country  was  dilcovercd, 
they  took  the  Porti{Zti<y  Ibips,  appearing 
at  a  diHance,  with  their  fails  .ibroad,  for 
large  birds,  with  wide  fpreatiing  wings,  and 
the  guns  lor  living  creatures. 

Tlity  call  their  <  hief  prieft  Papa,  after  H/^ifnV! 
the  Poi  tuguefe  manner  i  when  fuch  a  one 
dies,  all  the  people,  and  the  king  himfelf, 
mourn  for  feven  days  fuccelTively  -,  during 
which  time,  the  king  keeps  retired  by  him- 
felf, and  admits  of  no  vifits  fi  om  any  perfon 
whatever:  after  the  expiration  thereof,  they 
bury  the  deail  Punlif,  a  vaft  croud  of  people 
afTi'.tingat  the  funeral,  all  in  confufion  about 
the  corps. 

The  faid  high-prieft  has  always  a  bell 
hanging  over  his  Hioulder,  to  fhow  li is  dig- 
nity and  office ;  and  ujion  exercifing  his 
ccinjurations  and  enchantments,  or  other  re- 
lijjious  ceremonies,  makes  a  great  noifewiih 
it  :  for  he  pretends  to  caufe  dry  or  wet 
weather,  feniiity  or  barrennefs,  toappeafc 
the  devil,  to  foretel  future  events,  ami  many 
fuch  abfurdities,  which  the  grols  ftupid 
iieople  believe  he  can  perform  at  will. 
^  Thofe 


BooKlV.  I  Chap.  H.        Coafts  0/ South-Guinea. 


^99 


nadc  after 
oajl^  wide 
the  other. 

by  water, 
ceep  a  cer- 
oes  ready, 
ona  Blacks., 
;  great  in- 
when  they 

they   ufed 

Europeans 
itisficd  with 

inftead  of 
or  their  ad- 
inonly  but 
cy  arc  fold, 
of  their  ha- 
an  inhuman 


ewhat  more 
vorfliip  th.insiw,  mxn, 
jr  tho'  they  '■'"';'""' 
IS  theic,_  y,t"»'>'''f'^- 

idea  of  the 
eralof  them 
he  earth,  as 
rh,  they  ac- 
^  the  ground, 
certain  high 
:y  give  for  it 
le  earth  and 

manner  of 

by  the  help 
us  luminaries 
|tinually  light 

IS  difcovered, 

IS,  appearing 

abroad,  tor 

g  wings,  and 

Pafn,  after /(i^fcfrW 

fuch  a  one 
ling  himfdt, 
/ely  ■,  during 
tired  by  liim- 
Im  any  pcrfon 
1  thereof,  they 
Lud  of  people 
^nfufion  about 

llways  a  bell 
1  fho Wilis  dig- 
lexertifing  his 

or  other  re- 
|ear  noifewith 

dry  or  wet 
lis,  toapF^fc 
Its,  and  many 

grols  ftupid 

1  at  will. 

Thofe 


Giin!i. 


Thofe  Blacks  pay  a  great  refpeft  to  the 
Portuguefe  priefts,  who  happen  to  come  to 
their  port  i  and  will  have  fome  of  their 
children  baptized  by  them,  with  a  chrifti.an 
name,  which  leveral  of  them  alfo  take. 
The  young  prince  Thomai'a  wife  is  baptiz'd, 
and  her  name  Antonla,  as  is  one  of  his 
fons. 

The  Portugurfe  had  fome  miffioners  there 
in  former  times,  who  inftrudted  them  in  the 
principles  of  the  chriftian  religion  ;  but  the 
air  being  very  unhealthy,  the  f.iid  miflloners 
either  foon  di:,d,  or  were  forced  to  return 
home  i  lor  which  rcafon  their  niifTions  pro- 
duc'd  but  little  fruit,  and  the  natives  re- 
main in  their  grofs  fuptrifitious  paganifm, 
from  which  it  is  almoll:  impolTible  to  with- 
draw them,  unkfs  it  were  by  a  continual 
courfe  of  inilruftion,  which  mis^ht  gain 
fome  of  the  molt  fcnfible  and  juilitious  a- 
mong  them,  who  might  be  fir  to  receive 
holy  orders,  and  dilperled  throughout  the 
country,  to  t^'ach  and  convert  the  people. 

I  liave  before  obfervcd, that  Guinea  reaches 
from  fiierra  f.er'na,  on  the  north,  to  Rln  de 
Camiiroiii's  on  tlie  louth,  thofe  being  its  moll 
certain  and  natural  bounilaries  -,  however, 
fome  fea-faring  men  will  have  it  extend 
ibuthwartl,  to  cape  Lipe  Gonzalv^.',  and 
fome  even  to  Ki-j  di  Fenian  yaz,  near  cape 
St.  Catherine,  in  two  degrees  and  a  half  of 
fouth  latitude  -,    which    may   propei  ly    be 


!i;iuiiw. 


iiitlf. 


reckoned  to  belong  to  the  kingdom  of  cape  Bar  rot. 
Lope  Gonzahes.  The  ports  and  rivers  Ofk^y^Si 
Mixia,  or  Pamdia  and  Sarna/ins,  or  Santa- 
bacias,  places  of  little  trade,  and  only  reforted 
to  by  fome  few  fmad  Porluj;uefe  Ihips,  lie  be- 
twixt the  fiid  cape  and  Rio  de  Fernan  VaTi, 
which  is  generally  allowed  to  divide  the 
upper,  or  North  Guinea,  from  the  lower  or 
Southern  ;  the  defcription  whereof  I  ftiall 
conclude,  after  giving  an  account  of  the 
four  large  ifl  mds  in  the  Bi^^t  of  Guinea^ 
which  are,  Ferna'u'o  Po,  Prince's  ifland, 
St.  Tome  and  Annolvi,  being  the  fubjeft  of 
the  next  chapter. 

It  IS  true,  there  are  fome  authors  Whb  in- 
clude within  the  extent  of  Guinea,  the  coafts 
of  Loam^v,  Cvngo  and  Angola,  which  I  can- 
not but  condemn  as  an  error.  Others  there 
are,  who  make  the  country  of  Angola  to 
commence  a  little  fouth  of  cape  Lope, 
which  inraality  is  almodan  hundred  leagues 
.'rom  it. 

I  rtiall  add  Ibme  general  remarks  1  have 
made  uix)n  tlie  En^l:J}j,  Fnnch,  Po'  tuguefi 
and  Dutch  charts  I  havo  by  me  of  ti  scoalh 
of  Guinea  ;  befides  what  I  have  aiie?-dy 
made,  which  m;»y  be  of  u(e  to  fa-taring 
men.  The  lall  chapter  (lidl  be  a  Vocabu-' 
lary  of  the  vmW  familiar  wurcf,  of  the  foui' 
chief  lang.iages  of  the  BLicki  \n  North  Vir\i 
South  Guinea,  being  thofe  of  the  Jeloffs, 
Foulles,  the  Gold  Coajl,  and  Fula  and  Jndra. 


CHAP.    XI. 

I'hc  defcription  of  the  ifland  of  Fernando  To.  Of  Princes'j  iflnnd.  Of 
St,  Thomas'j //7^;W;  and  iit  //v  ifland  Annobon.  The  difference  be- 
tween the  Englifh,  French,  Porcuguefc  and  Dacoli  cha  rts. 


T 


Fernando   Po  l^I.A^•D. 
HE  \'\\.\ni.\  of lernando  Po,  otherwifc 

called  llha  Fe- ..  'nfa,  or  Beautiful  iflanil, 

as  alii)  Ilba  de  Fernando  Lores,  for  the  Por- 
tu^hefe  give  it  all  theli;  names  indilferently, 
liad  the  firft  of  them  from  the  difcoverer 
of  it  in  the  year  1471.  It  is,  .istofitua- 
vion,  the  moll  northerly  of  the  fo.ir  great 
in.inds  in  the  gulph  of  Guinea,  and  thirty 
five  or  thirty  fix  leagues  ilillant  in  a  line, 
from  Bandy  point,  at  Rio- Real,  or  yV<'w 
Calabar  river  i  the  north  point  thereof  lying 
in  three  decrees  of  north  latitude,  or  but 
(ome  few  minutes  over.  The  length  of  it 
is  about  twelve  leagues  from  north  to  fouth, 
and  it  bears  weft  fouth-weil  from  Camarones 
river,  leaving  a  fpacious  fafe  channel  be- 
tween them. 

It  is  the  largeft  of  the  four  idands  in  the 
gulphi  or  at  leaft  as  large  as  St,  Tome,  at- 
lo^^ing  a  delightful  profped  at  a  dillance, 
and  being  all  very  high  land,  is  caflly  feen 
ac  a  great  dtdance  a(  feat 


The  land  produces  plenty  of  Mandicca  p„j„if_ 
roots,  rice,  tobacco,  and  iniiny  other  fruits, 
plants  and  roots  of  the  ufual  growth  of 
Gi'inea.  Tiie  Portugue'e  formerly  had  fugar 
plantations  there,  and  I  cannot  learn  why 
that  work  was  given  over  •,  but  the  ruins  of 
ibme  of  their  mills  are  Hill  to  be  feen. 

The  natives  are  a  cruel  fort  of  lavage  ^^t^,,-^,, 
people,  and  feem  to  be  frighted  at  the  fight 
of  any  F.uropeans,  that  either  by  chance  or 
necelTity  happen  to  make  the  ifland  ;  for 
few  or  none  ever  come  to  it  otherWife,  as 
being  a  place  of  no  trade.  They  are  natu- 
rally rude  and  treacherous  towards  any  fuch 
ftVangers,  who  ought  therefore  to  be  cautious 
how  they  trull  them  ;  being  very  wild,  and' 
divided  into  feven  tribes,  each  under  its  re- 
fpeftive  king  or  governor,  who  are  always- 
at  war  among  themfelves.  (, 

Pr  I  N  c  e's  Is  u  a  n  d, 
/^  R,  as  the  PortuguefecM  it,  llha  do  Fr'tn-    .  „^„, 
^  ape,  had  iu  uutnofroni  i;be/'«/r/?»/Wt 

pirince: 


1 

: 

i 

I. 

i 

K     . 

p^jfi;i|!^i 


I 


400 


y^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  IV. 


Palm- 


Barbot  prince  //i««n',  who,  as  I  have  taken  notict, 
^O^^'  in  the  introduftory  difcourfc  to  this  worit, 
was  the  chief  promoter  of  the  difcoveries 
on  the  coaft  of  Guinea  ;  tho'  fomc  would 
deduce   it  from   iis    revenue  having  been 
given  to  a  Portiiguefi  prince,    without  na- 
ming which  of  thtaii :  but  tiie  firll  is  the  true 
derivation. 
Vtfitmi.        It   was  difcover'd  about  the  year  1471, 
either  by  San:arem  and  John  de  Efcobar,  or 
by  FernanJo  Po,  and  is  feated  in  one  de- 
gree fifty  minutes  of  north  latitude,  about 
thirty    four  or   thirty    five  leagues  wert  of 
cape  St.  John,  which  is  oppofice  to  it,  on 
the  continent  of  the  gulph  of  Guinea,  and 
about  thirty  leagues  north  of  Si,  Tome,  be- 
ing about  nine  leagues  in  length,  and  five 
in  breatlth,  high  and  mountainous,  as  here 
Pt.Aii  ij.reprefentcd  in  the  cut,  which  I  have  drawn 
asexadl  as  poflible,  both  the  times  I  was 
there  ;  and  may  be  feen  pretty   plainly  at 
twenty  leagues  diltance  weft,  fome  of  the 
mountains  appearing  like  tables,  and  others 
pecked,  like  pyramids  or  lleeples. 

The  proper  road  for  (hips  to  come  to  an 
anchor  is  on  the  call  fide  -,  the  right  courfc 
to  it,  in  coming  from  the  weftward,  being 
to  make  clofc  to  the  Couth  point  of  the  idand, 
and  to  pafs  through  the  channel  there  is  be- 
twixt it  and  the  high  round  /"a/w-idand,  or 
Ilba  <k  Caroco,  diftant  about  an  Engliflj  mile 
eaft  fouth-eaft  from  the  faid  fouth  tape,  or 
point.     This  Pa/w-ifland  being  extraordi- 
nary high,  and  all  over  covered  with  palm- 
trees,  from  which  it  has  the  name,  may  be 
feen  at  a  great  diftance  weft,    copling  up 
like  a  h.iy-reek.     The  channel  is  there  io 
deep,  that  any  (hip  whatfoever  may  boldly 
(ail  within  piftol-(hot  of  either  fhore,  with- 
out apprehending  any    thing,  for   there  is 
no  bottom  found  there  with  the  lead  ;  but 
when  paft  to  the  ea(t ward  of  the  Pd/wz-ifland, 
and    then  (landing  northward,    we  find  in 
roafting  of  /'/j/zri-'s-ifland,  from  twenty  to 
thirty  fathom   water,  (andy  groLind,  mix'd 
with  fm;dl  pebbles  and  ftieils,  tillwecome 
to  the  right   road  of  the  ifiaud,  which   is 
fomewhat  witnin  the  mouth  of  a  bay,  facing 
eaft  war  1,  in  juil  one  degree  thirty  minutes 
of  north  'jtitude,  where  is  only  four  or  five 
fathom  water,  oozy  ground. 
S[.  Antony     That  bay  extends  from  the  fouth  point, 
""*"'•        whieh  has  a  rock  near  it  at  eaft,  within  the 
land,  about  five  Englifi    miles  well  (buth- 
weft  ill   depth,    and  ii  a'lout  two  EngUjb 
miles   in    breadth,  at    the   mouth.    Small 
velTels,  yachts  ind  (loops  may  run  in  to  the 
bottom  of  ir,  without  any  danger,  and  an- 
chv/r  within  h.ilt  gun-fliot  of  the  town  St. 
/liiionio,  theeiiief  pott  of  the  ifland.     The 
fliores  are  generally  covered  with  large  peb- 
ble ftonL-s,  and  in  lome  plates  rocky  •,  only 
at  the  bottom  of  th-  bay,  f  icmg  the  town, 
i:  a  fpariois  beach,  which  at  low  water  is  a 
niuddy  fand. 


The  town  lies  along  the  beach,  oppofite 
to  the  mouth  of  the  bay,  and  at  the  very 
bottom  of  it,  between  two  rivulets,  which 
run  down  from  the  adjacent  hills,  atthefoor 
whereof  is  the  town,  and  confifts  of  about 
four  hundred  houfes,  built  with  clap-boards, 
after  the  Portuguefe  manner,  forming  two 
long  ftreeis  in  a  ilrait  line,  from  one  rivu- 
let to  the  other,  which  affords  a  plealanc 
profpeft,  each  ftreet  being  wide,  and  look- 
ing upon  woody  hills.  Mod  of  them  have 
long  balconies,  and  lattice  windows;  foth,i' 
tho'  the  (Irudure  be  but  mean,  all  together 
looks  well.  Some  of  the  houfes  are  built 
after  the  Drt/^jfaftiion  i  thofe  people  about 
the  latter  end  of  the  lall  century  having 
polTefli'ed    themfelves   of  the    iftanil,     ami 

t)lanted  there  a  colony  of  their  own,  be 
onging  to  aconfiderahle  ne'..hant  of //;«- 
JlerJam,  un.ler  tlic  diredlion,  if  I  millakc 
not,  of  one  Claer  ILigcn,  who,  for  its  greater 
fecuriiy,  had  begun  to  erect  a  Ibrt  on  die 
fouth  point  of  the  bay  ;  but  difcord  pre- 
vailing among  iliemlelves,  and  the  Poitu- 
guejl;  who  had  been  firft  mailers  of  it,  being 
aftilled  by  their  countrymen  of  Si.  Tome, 
they  were  fore'd  to  quit  it,  and  ever  fince 
it  has  remained  in  the  hands  of  the  Poiiu- 
guel'e,  who  the  better  to  defend  it,  have  at 
the  north  fide  of  the  town,  and  by  the  rivu- 
let at  the  end  of  it,  built  a  little  fort  of  turf 
and  planks,  with  convenient  cazerns  for 
the  governor  and  the  garrifon  of  about 
forty  men  kept  there,  being  moft  of  them 
Portiigiirf,:  mulattos,  with  fome  few  iron 
guns,  to  kour  the  beach  and  landing-place  ; 
but  the  fort,  guns  and  garrifon  are  at  prc- 
fent  in  a  forry  condition. 

There  are  two  parilhes  in  the  town,  with  Cc/.r.'«>. 
their  rcfpeiflive  churches,  which  are  pretty 
h:indlbme,  for  fuch  a  place.  The  firll  ami 
beft  in  the  weft  part  of  the  town,  dediut  d 
to  St.  /tiitoiiy,  from  which  it  derives  its  ainie ; 
the  other  is  of  the  invocation  of  rheblifted 
virgin,  called  Alailre  de  Deos,  or  the  motiier 
of  God,  at  the  eaft  end.  Tho'  at  fome  lii- 
ftance,  they  are  both  in  fight  of  eacii  other, 
and  decently  adorned,  with  handfome  altars 
and  good  church-ftulf,  as  uled  by  romaii 
catholicks.  Each  of  tliem  is  ferved  by  a 
black  prieft,  the  one  ordained  by  th  arch 
biftiop  oi  Liiho'i,  the  other  by  the  bi:hop  ot 
St.  Tome.  Befittes  the  two  paridi  churches, 
there  are  two  rhnvpels  in  the  town. 
The  country  behind,  and  on  the  fides  of  the 
town,  is  very  mountainous,  and  alinort  all 
over  woody,  as  may  be  feen  by  the  druight 
ot  the  town  of  St.  .hitony,  taken  fiom  f'le- 
middle  of  the  bay  in  the  cut  here  inlerrud.  "  '^ 
That  pofition  renders  it  fubjeft  to  heavy 
rains,  and  dreadful  thunder,  thofe  moim- 
tains  being  often  covered  witli  clouds,  ani.L 
conlequentlv  it  is  a  very  unliealthy  labita- 
tion,  tho'  the  air  in  other  parts  of  the  ifiund 

is 


...V:..' 


Book  IV. 

1,  oppotitc 
at  the  vtr/ 
lets,  whicli 

at  the  foQf 
h  of  about 
:lap-boards, 
jrming  two 
n  one  rivu- 
s  a  plealant 
:,  and  look- 
r  them  havi: 
OWSj  fotli,i' 
all  together 
ifes  are  built 
people  about 
rury  havin{.\ 
ifland,     and 
ir  own,  be 
li.int  of  //;«- 
if  I  millake 
for  its  greater 
1  tort  on  the 
:  difcord  prc- 
1  the  Poiiu- 
-sofit,  being 
of  St.  'Tome, 
lid  ever  fincc 
of  the  Poiiii- 
d  it,  have  at 
A  by  the  rivu- 
le  fort  of  turf 

cazerns  for 
m  of  about 
moft  of  tlum 
)me  few  iron 
anding-placc ; 
m  are  at  pre- 

le  town,  with  CBWfW!. 
ch  are  pretty 
The  firrt  and 
)wn,  dedii  ,it  d 
ives  its  ainie  -, 
of  rlu  blided 
or  the  niotiKt 
lo'  at  fome  di- 
of  each  other, 
indfome  altars 
by  romaii 
ferveil  by  a 
by  th  arch- 
the  biiliop  ol 
ridi  churches, 
own. 

the  fides  of  the 
,nd  aluiollall 
ly  the  dnught 

hi.re  inlerieu. 

jeft  to  heavy 
ihofe  moun- 
I  clouds,  anil, 

lealthy  labita- 

,s  oflhcifl-nd 
is 


.■m 


S! 


sits 


I 


//'/.  7 './'/.I/,    .'4. 


.'  iw  y respect  of  ili:  ^iij  andTo/Fii  J^IJM^t^ 


'..    ■,!.■ 


wm.  \ 


i:jM..Ui 


i!::liE  . 


r  M 


^!:;: 


'iMi 


.,^=:^':v«*'?)e-»***.^.. 


,f  i,M;: 


lilt  Wi 

Is  ifi  l.j  J 1  'K 

'1' 

iiitr 

^i' 

■^!' 

IHiii 

\L 

'own  S^mh'incu  'Jsiatui. 


/',. 


ft/.  40 1 


as  seen  Jroni 


the  OtoOii  hi  th?  [Bai/ 


ai'^rtHiTrSir -^ '  '■  ■ ''''-^ 


Jt.  Xhe  CkurekJMaJrt  X'Dus 
T--  allMudd  at  Lou-  Water 


BllTlWTSmffmMi«BiiTMBWiMTJFKTr  ii     '      iiii  1  iTiiii 


i*w*f -^""iS^ ' 


Jf'UKiS  f  .(/.ilBi  ^■^•f^'"'^  ''^'-''  -^"W/'i^ 


i«      ^: 


•-\. 


^-'-^-       ^^     .a-^r^-T-  — -J^.^E?^^:^;'^^*'. 


;^vV£  •  SycU  j'v  iiui»- 


,,7 


■n.Cilld  (ly  rh:  Jhcnck   Cojrc  di  »A\.irt,Skarj  tJ^'J 

' DJ!f  n,r  >'  ftJurc  „  Dfinjnstr.iBJd 


'mm 


'•.MM 


:i.. 


'     '•  ''JSi'VLlili'ltl 


Crltt 


Ti'liiiiy. 


hill 


Chap.  H-         Coafts  of  South-Guinea. 


Itill. 


JfliiitJ 


is  cpncr,illy  ri-ckoned  more  wholefome  than 
iit  Si.  Tome,  or  any  other  p.irts  of  the  Bighl ; 
for  whith  rcifon  the  PortugUi-fe  inhabitants 
of  St.  Tome  anil  Aimobon,  lend  over  their 
fick  peoplt:  thitiicr  to  recover  tluir  health, 
as  they  generally  do,  and  foon  find  the  Be- 
nefit. 

The  thumliT  there  is  the  more  dreadful, 
lipcaafe  of  the  repeated  echoes  from  the 
many  dens  md  large  cavities  in  the  moun- 
tains, each  of  them  fo  very  loud  and  iliftindl, 
that  were  it  not  attended  with  horror,  there 
mii^lu  lie  a  divcrfion  in  it,  beii>g  much  like 
what  I  have  before  mentioned,  to  be  returned 
by  the  mountains  at  Sierra  l.,'oiiii.  'l"here 
are  fo  many  fcveral  echoes  all  over  the  iiland, 
that  one  gun  fireil  returns  fo  many  reports 
from  cavern  to  cavern,  (b  v'.illinftly,  and  with 
fuch  intervals,  that  any  perfun  who  is  not 
acquainted  with  the  naiure  ot  the  place,  will 
certainly  cok  lud  •,  that  ten  or  twelve  guns 
have  been  fired  fiiecefTively. 

This  iiland  is  very  fertile  in  orang'/s,  of 
two  forts,  fweet  and  four,  lemnions,  bananas, 
co.oivais,  fugar-cr  ,  rice,  Mivulioi.i,  all 
forts  of  herbs  lor  lalleting,  and  Euro [e an 
<.,r.iiii  1  as  alio  cabbage,  papas,  tobacco, 
niaili  better  than  that  of  lirazil,  liuiian 
wheat,  millet,  cotton,  of  which  they  make 
cloth,  water-melons,  pompions,  purfluin, 
fonie  grapes,  which  are  feldom  all  ripe  to- 
gether, and  a  prodigious  quantity  of  palm- 
wine,  which  is  there  very  excellent ;  but  the 
Kail  ot  any  fort  above  mentioned,  is  of  the 
hnlim  wheat. 

Tiie  fugar  made  there,  and  they  have  five 
or  fix  mills,  is  very  ordinary  anil  brown. 
They  commonly  dry  the  bananas  before 
they  are  qiite  ripe,  or  bake  them  in  ovens, 
king  moftly  eaten  by  the  inhabitants  in- 
ftead  of  bread  -,  tho'  many  alfo  make  it  of 
the  meal  of  the  MiVultoca  root,  which  is 
only  the  tender  part  of  the  ilunips  or  ftalk 
o\  Mouii'iia,  a  fort  of  bulli,  bearing  long 
ftiarp  pointed  leaves,  five  together  in  a 
rhiltef,  at  each  end  of  the  (blks,  or  fmall 
Fim  i6  br.mches,  as  is  reprefented  in  the  print,  of 
whiih  there  grow  infinite  quantities,  if  well 
cultivated.  Thole  ftalks  they  beat  very 
well,  and  then  dry  them  in  ovens,  fo  that 
Mini ocs- with  a  little  more  pounding  they  are  rc- 
""/"  duced  to  a  fort  of  co,irfe  meal,  very  crum- 
bly. When  reduced  to  that,  the  Portitguefe 
call  it  Farinha  de  Pao,  that  is,  flower,  or 
meal  of  wood.  It  is  by  many  eaten  by  it- 
felf,  dry,  carrying  of  it  fo  in  their  pockets ; 
but  the  more  general  way  is  to  foak  and 
knead  it,  with  frefh  water,  into  dough,  and 
afterwards  bake  it  on  large  iron,  or  copixr 
plates  into  thin  round  cakes,  and  fo  it  ferves 
inllead  of  bread  ;  which  when  new,  is  tole- 
rably nourilhing  and  agreeable,  tho'  fome- 
whatinfipidi  but  when  (tale,  is  forry  food. 
The  meal  will  keep  good  a  long  time,  and 
V  0  L.  V. 


hid 


is  proper  lor  long  voyat'H.  At  Brani  ihcn^'nHrr. 
Portug^uefr  flore  their  (hij  ;  with  it  to  feivet/'Wl 
them  to  Portugal,  and  it  will  lerve  b.ick  a- 
gain,  if  they  are  overftocked  with  it.  It  is 
better  for  this  ufe  than  CnJ/al'i,  becault;  it 
keeps  longer,  tho' at  lad  it  grows  very  iiifi- 
pid  1  but  lb  does  our  bell  bread,  when  too 
Hale.  Befides,  the  older  it  is,  the  worfe  ic 
bakes  into  bread.  The  i'l/rimaus  Indian.', 
a  nation  dwelling  on  the  fouth-fide  of  the 
great  river  of  the  //mnzom,  in  /tmerica,  a- 
bout  the  mid-way  up  towards  its  fourcc,  that 
is,  in  about  three  hundred  and  twelve  degrees 
of  longitude,  bakt  it  ingreat  earthen  bilons 
over  the  fire,  almoll  as  confer  tioiierj  do  tlieir 
fweet-meats  -,  alter  whirl),  they  again  dry  it 
in  the  fun,  wh-.)  defigned  to  keep  long, 
Ciijfabi  bread  is  made  of  the  meal  of  thiscaflji.i, 
fame  Mandioca,  before  it  is  b.iked.  There 
is  alio  a  particulir  way  <>t  preparing  it,  to 
make  it  keep  loiuj,  but  not  lo  wvll  is  the 
bakcvl  meal. 

With  iliisloiLol  loo  1  the  Fien  h  planters 
of  the  C.ir;7;/'fV  illaiuls  of ///«</;!<»  keep  their 
fervants  and  Haves,  and  tall  it  Ciljabi,  as 
the  PortKgiiefe  do  at  HiazH.  I'lie  Mwuli- 
oca  meal  was  very  dear  at  the  time  of  my 
being  there,  no  great  quantity  of  it  having 
been  planted  that  year. 

This  is  very  remarkable  in  the  Mam'ioat, 
that  the  lap  or  juice  of  the  fiumps  is  a  cold;,,^^;^^. 
and  quick  poifon  ■,  and  therefore  all  thole  who  muijuicr. 
commonly  ufe  the  meal  of  it,  are  very  care- 
ful to  prefs  out  that  malignant  juice,  when 
they  fird  prepare  it,  beating  the  plant  quite 
flat,  and  then  drying  it  in  hot  ovens. 

Of  this  li)rt  of  plant  every  inhabitant  of 
the  ifland  always  takes  care  to  have  a  fiifii- 
cient  flock  in  his  plant.uion,  not  only  to 
ferve  his  own  fimily  at  home,  but  to  lell  to 
the  Ihips  ol  their  own  nation  and  foreigners, 
which  refort  thither  from  the  coall  of  Gui- 
nea in  their  return  to  Eitr-;',-,  or  to  /Iweriia, 
either  to  careen,  or  to  take  in  refrelhnients 
and  provifions,  as  alio  for  water  and  wood, 
of  which  more  lieieafti.r. 

The  inhabitants  have  alfo  on  their  planta- c«//f.'. 
tions,  Iheep,  hogs,  goats,  and  a  prodigious 
quantity  of  poultry  of  leveral  forts,  the 
greatefl  number  oeing  of  hens,  and  larger 
than  they  ar>'  at  the  coall  of  Guiiieu,  yet  well 
fed  are  pretty  good  and  fweet  ;  and  fell  a- 
bundance  to  lea-taring  men,  cl'pec-  dly  to 
the  French,  who  above  all  other  Europeans, 
touch  there  very  often  with  flaves ;  the 
Engliflx  and  Dutib  generally  furnilhing 
themfelvesat  ca|)eZ.o/t',  or  St.  Tome  or  .-In- 
nobon,  according  as  the  llrong  tides  of  the 
gulph,  which  commonly  let  eallward,  do 
drive  them.  Formerly  the  Dutch  compa- 
ny's vefTcls  did  inoftly  refort  thither  for  the 
fame  purpofe,  which  it  is  fuppofed  they 
are  now  forbid  by  their  principals,  out  of  a 
jealoufy,  that  their  commanders  coming  to 
5  K  that 


;m 


A  Defcription  of  the 


■,'  <i.'\\ 


!''/! 


W-'^ 


^:i) 


ih  i 


Mi!.\* 


lli. ..  . 


402 

n»km>r  tint  ifl.init,  m.iy  diivoailandcftinc  trade  to 

^*^V^^  their  prejudice. 

Every  Ihip  p.iys  the  governor  ofthe  ill.ind 
ufually  nfiding  .it  tlie  tort,  torty  pieces  ot 
eight,  for  the  priviick;e  of  imrhoring,  wooil- 
iiig  and  w.itt  linn  there  ;  either  in  fdver  or  in 
I'.iirai'fdtt  goods,  or  llivts,  ,it  the  rate  agrecil 
on;  which  done,  lie  .lihiws  thcni  tiic  liberty 
ot  wooding  and  watering  on  eitiur  fule  ot 
the  bay,  as  is  niol^  handy  to  the  fliips-crews), 

Tiie  proper  place  to  water,  is  on  thenorth- 
luie  of  tl-iJ  bay,  about  two  Eti^hjh  nides 
trom  tl>e  tort,  wliere  li-vcral  torrents ileiiend 
continually  troinilie  hills aliiioll  tothebcath. 
This  water  is  extremely  Iwect,  but  lo  very 
cold,  that  till  kept  lix  or  eight  days,  it  is  apt 
to  breed  the  choliek  or  pains  in  the  llo- 
niach  ;  efpecially  among  the  tl  ives,  if  they 
drink  much  of  it  at  a  time,  as  I  found  by 
experience  in  the  Emert'.lon.  There  is  alio 
good  watering  on  the  fouth-fivie  ofthe  bay; 
and  working  on  both  fides  at  once,  we  have 
tilled  fixty  hoglheads  in  a  day. 

The  wood  IS  hewed  convenienily  at  moll 
places  within  the  bay,  jull  near  thi.'  bea'.h, 
the  trees  covering  all  the  land,  very  thick 
together  down  to  the  fea-fide.  At  my  lall 
voyage  in  the  EmerdloH  man  of  war,  I 
wooded  on  the  fouth-fide  ot  the  b.iy,  about 
three  miles  from  the  town  ;  but  there  our 
people  that  were  let  to  work,  were  plagued 

Sctrfms.  ^;t|j  fcorpions :  and  among  them,  one  ot  the 
tailors  was  fo  ftung  by  that  little  animal,  in 
the  heel,  that  his  foot,  ai.d  even  the  leg, 
were  already  much  fwelled-,  when,  by  good 
fortune  tor  him,  a  flave  of  the  town,  who 
happened  to  c.iU  that  way,  at  the  very  mo- 
ment, took  up  the  icorpion,  and  crulhed  it 
alive,  on  the  wound,  which  in  a  few  hours 
after,  tiuite  healed  it,  as  well  as  if  it  had 
never  happened. 

Hjh.  The  bay  is  pleniitully  ilortd  with  filli,  of 

thofe  forts  which  are  commonly  caught  in 
Guinca;on\y  I  oblerved  among  them  twodif- 
fercnt  and  extraordinary  fpecies,  which  are 
I'eldomfeenatany  other  of  thofe  parts,  that  I 
know  of:  tor  which  reafon,  1  drew  them  .is 
near  the  life  as  my  fkill  would  permit,  and 
caiifed  them  to  be  inlerted  in  the  cut  which 

I'LATE  14.  gives  the  prolpedt  ofthe  town  67.  Antonio. 

The  one  is  a  little  fifh,  broad  and  quit 
flat  under  the  llomach,  and  as  fharp  as  the 
edge  of  a  knite,  on  the  back;  with  two  fhort, 
thick,  fliarp,  hard-pointed  horns,  on  the 
head,  juft  over  the  eyes,  which  are  pretty 
large,  and  very  round  •,  and  of  that  fort 
many  are  brought  over  into  Europe,  dried, 
and  arc  called  by  the  French  Coffre  de  Mart. 
The  other  is  a  long  fifh  like  an  eel,  with  a 
longfnout,  looking  at  aditfance  like  a  flute, 
the  (kin  of  its  body  of  a  darkifh  brown, 
fpottcd  all  over  on  each  fide,  with  two  long 
rows  of  fine  blue  round  fpecks,  which  is 
vei7  good  to  eat.    Among  the  variety  of 


Book  IV. 


fliells,  our  people  found  thrrir  in  the  bay,  a 
they  fillR'd  every  day  with  drag-netJ,  they 
prelented  me  with  an  extraordinary  large 
one,  nc.ir  ii^hteen  inches  long,  much  relcm- 
blinga  inulele,  being  all  over  garnilh'd  on 
the  upper- fide  w'th  a  fort  of  hollow  prickles, 
,ii  the  figure  reprel'ents  it  in  the  print  1  the  Puri 
meat  whereof  is  very  good  and  f'weer,  two  or 
three  being  enough  tor  any  man  at  a  meal. 

The  bay  I'warms  with  huge  monftroui 
lliarks,  which  are  very  dangerous:  for  1 
iijver.il  times  oblerved  how  quick  thty  ran 
at  any  of  the  de.id  (laves  we  threw  over 
board,  and  made  but  one  moullilul  of  a 
young  boy,  that  was  lb  call  over-board. 

The  WDOils  alfo  fwarin  with  .ipes  and 
monkeys,  but  ot  a  dif.igreeable  figure,  and 
naiileoiis  Imell,  having  long,  brown,  rtd- 
liilh  hair,  which  arc  (ommonly  told  there, 
to  foreigners,  at  a  piece  of  eight  each,  IiiPlmc 
exchange  for  haberdalhery-wares,  or  old  liii- 
nen  r.ig^,  or  iailors  clothes,  elJKCMlly  old 
hat,,  wliich  the  natives  much  covet.  The 
only  good  in  that  fort  of  monkeys,  is, 
lii.it  tney  are  full  of  tricks,  and  picalant 
gttfurts  and  motions. 

Blue  l'a<rots,  witii  fine  I'carlet  tails,  are  Cm,/!,  4-< 
innumerable  in  thft  woods,  where  they  con-  *"•'' 
tinually  make  an  intolerable  noifc;  of  which, 
as  A'ell  as  ot  the  monkeys,  the  natives  catch 
great  numbers  with  Inares,  or  ginns,  fet  on 
the  trees,  for  that  purpoli:.  Thofe  parrots, 
when  well  taught,  will  learn  to  talk  and 
whiftle  dillindly,  fooner  than  any  others, 
and  are  very  good  to  eat. 

There  is  alfo  a  multitude  of  ring-doves,  and 
turtle-doves,  in  the  woods,  which  are  very 
fweetfood  ;  and  an  incredible  quantity  of  fe- 
veral  other  torts  of  bird-.,  unknown  to  us.  All 
about  the  woods,  grows  great  plenty  of  that 
fort  of  fine  purple  llowers,  wi.ich  in  I'rame 
are  called  Iic-:lrs  ti,-  A'uit,  becaufe  they  havi- 
a  charming  frefhnels  in  the  morning,  and 
teem  almott  withereil  in  the  tlay-iime. 

The  inhabitants  .ire,  tor  the  generality,  hi.i  . 
Blicks,  either  treemen  or  fiaves ;  there  be-''"' 
ing  hardly  twenty  right  Portii^^uek  families 
in  the  ifland,  with  about  fixty  of  Mu!,illos, 
tho*  it  is  reckoned  there   are  above  three 
thoufand  perfoiis  on  the  illand,  in  the  teveral 
parts  thereof.     Moll  of  the  Slack  i  area  tort 
of  malignant  treacherous  race  1  nor  are  the 
Mulattos  much  better-natured  :  and  if  I  may 
be  allowed  to  Ipeak  the  truth,  the  few  right 
Portuguefe  are  not  very  commendable,  either  "•■/'  !< 
for  honefty  or    good  temper,  at  leall  the^' 
greateft  number   of  them.    For  they  will 
watch,   as  moll  of  the  Mulattos  and  Blacks 
do,  the  opportunity  of  fte-alinga  foreigner's 
hat  otf"  his  head,  as  he  goes  along  the  tlreet, 
not  only  in  the  dufk  of  the  evening,  but  in 
the  day-time,  if  they  meet  him  in  Ibme  by- 
place,  and  are  not  fect<  by  other  people,  and 
run  away  with  the  hat  to  the  wood  or  home. 

It 


Book  IV.  I   Chap.  I ^.         Co^/x  o/* South-Guinea. 


403 


e  bay,  as 
let*,  they 
iry  large 
(h  rclcm- 
rnilh'il  on 
1  priikles, 

Jirint  •,  tliCPurLi; 

;et,  two  or 
.  X  meal, 
nioiiftrous 
lus :  tor  1 
;  tky  ran 
new  over 
itlilul  of  a 

-llOAfd. 

apes  aiul 
fijj;iux',  and 
jrown,  rtd- 
lolil  thert, 
ic  each,  inPLAni 
i,  or  old  lin- 
xci.illy  old 
ovi't.  The 
loiikcys,  i>, 
intl  plcal'ant 


ig-dovcs,and 
lich  arc  very 
uantity  of  fe- 
[wntous.  All 

>lcnty  of  that 

ich  ill  IraHiC 

.ft-  ihey  havi- 
irning,  and 
umc. 

L-  generality,  hi<  • 

les;  there  be-'"" 

\xit(k  families 

ot  MuhlltOi, 

above  three 
ill  the  fiveral 

\acki  are  a  fort 
nor  arc  the 
and  if  I  may 

.;he  few  right 

Indable,  either  "jf*  f« 
,  at  lead  thef'' 
For  they  will 
'tos  and  Blacks, 
^  a  foreigner's 
mg  the  ftreet, 
[ening,  but  in 
in  Ibme  by- 
,r  people,  and 
ood  or  home. 
It 


It  behoves  fvery  one  that  goes  thither,  to  be 

always  on  his  giiardi  for  the  natives  arc,  as  I 

have    hiiUid  already,  a  lavage  ill-natur'd 

people,  and  have  liccn  very  rude  and  inhu  • 

man  to  ftrnngtrs,  ai,  has  been  faid,   they 

were  to  the  Duuh  colony,  fettled  there  by 

a  confiderable  merchant  of  /iinJJerJam,  at 

the  litter  end  of  the  laft  century  :  as  they 

»lfo,  fome  time  after,  proved  to  Olivier  van 

tilcori\  people  in  I'i'jS  i  when  that  admiral, 

being  bound  from  Holland  for  the   Eaft-ln- 

(iieu  and  driven  thither  by  the  flrong  tide  of 

the  gulf,  the  inaiulers  invited  feveral  of  his 

men  alliore,  with  all  pofTible  demonlhations 

ol  friendlliip,  tofee  their  fort  andtcwiv,  ami 

having  prevailed,  and  got  them  into  it,  they 

barbaroufly  tell  on,  and  iiiairicred    them 

nioif  inhumanly. 

At  my  lall  voyage  to  this  illand,  I  came 

thither  in  a  yacht,   trom   Ft,Li,  to  loiii  our 

little  liiuidroii  ot  three  Irigits,  which  were 

cone  betbrein    ;  I  touniloui  people  at  open 
French      p    ,. .,  11  i- 

(AiholtilitU's  wiui  the  town,  on  account  ol  our 

ftricaut-m.iior,  who  hail  been  airiultcd  by  a 

ti.ick,  at  the  beach,  and  was  very  dange- 

roully  wounded  in  the  back  with  a  knitej 

which  fo  incenfcd  the  commander  in  my  ab- 

feiice,ihat  he  very  raflily  and  inconfiderately 

moor'd  two  of  the  frigats,  within  reach  of 

the  town  and  fort,  and  tired  fo  brifkly  for 


iMiir 

VI. 


They  eat  after  the  Porluguefi  fafhion,  and  IUkhot. 
have  in  the  middle  of  their  rooms,  even  above  ^^V>^ 
ftairs,   a  large   fquare  hearth,  to  boil  and^"""""' 
drcfs  their  viduals,  and  fcarcc  a  chair  or 
flool  to  fit  upon,  but  only  a  tew  pcwrer  or 
wooden    utenfils,    and   earthen-pots,   with 
forty  poor  beds,  for  all  the  furniture  of  their 
houfes. 

The  Blacks,  both  freemen  and  flaves,  call 
themlelvcs  Cbrijiianos  Novos,  that  is,  new 
chrilfians,  or  converts;  and  many  of  them, 
as  well  as  of  the  Mulattos,  are  brought  over 
from  fl/'rfziV  and  Angola,  betides  the  natives 
of  the  illand,  who  all  t])cak  Porliiguefi,  ar.J 
two  or  three  forts  of  languages  ol  their  own. 
They  are  all  extremely  ignorant,  and  rather 
fuperllitious  than  religious,  above  all  in  re- 
fped  to  their  patron  St.  /Inlouy. 

One  thing  there,  is  lomewhat  diverting, 
which  is,  when  on  tiime  fulemniiy  in  the 
night-time,  they  illuminate  their  Iheets  with 
abundance  of  lamps,  made  of  orange  iiollow 
peels,  tilled  with  palm-oil,  and  a  cottoii-wick, 
let  on  the  balconies  of  their  hout'es,  ten,  fit- 
teen,or  twenty, on  every  balcony,  with  which 
every  houfe  is  adorned  j  ,uul  the  llreets  being 

built  in  a  llrait  line,  the  fight  is  very  plea- 

fant. 
The  major  of  the  fort  is  the  propereft 

pcrfon  to  apply  to,  and  whom  I  employed  to 


two  hours  together  on  both,  that  all  the    buy  all  our  provifions  1  which  he  pertbrmed 


inhabitants  and  garrifon  Bed  to  the  hills, 
and  had  I  not  come  in  good  time,  he  wouUl 
have  done  them  much  more  milchicf.  But 
1  let  all  things  to  rights,  by  an  cxcutcto  the 
Portugutj'e  govcrnour,  Don  HehajUan  yaz,  my 
old  aci]uaintance,  promiling  that  the  direc- 
tors ot  the  French  comi)any  fliould  pu- 
nifli  tiiat  ot}iccr,  when  returned  to  France, 
lor  liis  ralhiii'ls  in  doing  himfelf  juttice  lor 
the  HLick's  having  allaulted  our  llrjeant- 
major  fo  treacherouQy,  before  he  had  re- 
quired it  ot  him. 

That  governour  is  a  gentleman  of  good 
falliiiMi,  and  very  courteous  to  llrangers  : 
bi  lilies  him,  I  knew  the  major  of  the  garri 


with  a  great  deal  of  honefty  and  good  huf- 
bandry,  and  1  paid  him  for  his  trouble,  and 
the  coll,  in  brandy,  coarl'e  and  middling 
hats,  fhirts,  old  and  new  Ihoes,  all  Ibrtsof 
made  Jinnen ;  narrow  and  broad  ribbands 
of  fundry  colours ;  feveral  forts  of  Itripcd 
and  plain  coloured  filk,  taffety  and  broca-  jy,^,. 
del,  out  of  fafhion  in  Europe  -,  gloves,  white 
linnen,  filk-. lockings,  old  perukes,  fpices, 
and  thread  of  fundry  gay  colours,  the  illan- 
ders  being  fond  ot  all  that  is  gaudy,  and 
of  pieces  of  eight.  A  fmall  cargo  well  for- 
ted,iothe  value  of  four  hundred  crowns,  in 
all  the  above-mentioned  goods,  and  of  the 
heapett  forts,  will   lt:ll  very  well  there,  in 


ton,  who  isagood-natur'd  man;  all  the  rclt    exchange  for  provifions,  of'^the  produft  of 


K'lmiri. 


are  not  to  be  regarded  or  truftcd. 

The  Purtuxui-ff  there,  always  wear  long 
fwonls,  and  the  Blacks  long  knives  lluck  in 
their  girdles,  like  thofeof  the  Gold  Coajt;  and 
have  only  a  clout,  at  their  middle,  to  cover 
them.  Several  of  the  Mulattos  are  not  much 
better  drefs'd,  and  bare-foot  •,  being  gene- 
rally very  poor,  as  well  as  moft  of  the  Par- 
tu^upje  inhabitants. 

The  Portuguefe  women  are  very  civil  to 
foreigners,  that  can  approach  them  •,  and 
much  kinder  are  the  Mulatto  women,  who 
commonly  drefs  themfclves  in  the  Portuguefe 
falliion.  They  feldom  go  abroad  but  to 
church,  and  then  covered  with  a  long  veil, 
an  I  attsnded  by  an  old  woman  (lave,  on 
v/'hifc  Ihoulder  they  lean,  as  they  walk 
along. 


the  illand  ;  but  not  tor  money,  that  being 
generally  little  known  among  the  inhabi- 
tants, or  at  beft,  but  little  of  it  in  the  hands 
of  a  few  of  the  principal  men,  who  drive  a 
little  coafting  trade  about  the  gulf,  and  Gold 
Conjl  of  Guinea,  making  up  the  cargo  of 
their  (loops,  of  tobacco,  fugar,  fome  eatables, 
Uc.  of  the  growth  of  their  plantations,  and 
of  fome  remaining  goods  of^  Europe,  fit  for 
that  trade,  which  they  fomctimes  get  of 
Europeans,  touching  there  in  their  return 
home,  in  exchange  for  neceflfaries  for  their 
voyage. 

We  paid  a  crown  for  an  Alqueire  of  Mandi- 
oca  flower,  which  is  very  dear,  the  Alqueire  be- 
ing but  a  little  above  abufhel  fVir.ebefter  mea- 
furei  and  a  crown  and  a  halt  for  one  of  rice ;  a 

crown 


i.   i/tUit'i^,. 


;^ 


m 


-■^^^^■mm 


■  v-''#|l'l 


^ 


i,i  • 


fAM. 


'^y !»!''!  ! 


;  if.  ! 


iii*i  I '  ii'i 


404 


y^  Dcfcription  of  the 


Book  IV. 


FIa  •••  .1  crown  for  an  humlreilnf  rororiiits;or.inj(os, 

CO^'NJ  It-mnions    bin.m.is,  ami    all  other    Iruits, 

plants,  or  poiilrry,  arc  vrry  clirap  ; and  all 

iittJ  ■  tfl  "^''"'"  I'l'f"'  ■""•'  npi^flary   in  flavi  fhips 

<;/««i/4-'<"lp"i''"y«   I'ciaulf  thry  (lire  and  prcicrvc 

'*•/.  thiflivcs,  as  well  as  the  (hips  crew,  at  (ea, 

when   iluly   adniiiiiilreil   to   them,   during 

tlit-ir  tedious  jvifl'ine  to  /li/ienni.     I  would 

advilc  ill  perloMb  trading  to  C'/r/wij,  not  to 

iif(.',le(!l    lakiiif;    Inch   ntrelhnHiits,   cither 

ih.  re,  or  at  .V.  '/'rw,-;  for   1  ap'"   l.opf  and 

.-Imiohii  (annot   atlord  thcni    To  'r^nod,  thi- 

water  oi Si.  Tom-  not  agrcein['  lo  well  with 

the  (laves,  as  I  (hall  "l)(erve  m   tlic  dedrip- 

tinn  of  that  idand.    I'or  iho"   it  li'emstolie 

a   c.reat   expenee  to    get   it   in   a  (uiri.icnt 

quantity,  lor  (o  many  men  as  .ire  ginerally 

on  hoard  a  (lave-Diip,  yet  tile  ^o;)d  itiloes 

them  all,  couiitervaiJs  the  charj^e  ;  it  (.ivcs 

the  lives  ot   many  (laves,  and  keeps  them 

healthy,    in  a  niu.h  better  condition,  and 

litter  tijr  a  good  advantageous  market  in 

./iiuri.a  :  for  this  realfin,  tew  of  the  l-'rench 

fliips  tradinf?  uyGni'ur',  mifs  toucliiiif;,  in 

their  reuirn  trom  that  loalf,  at  one  ot'thnle 

Pmfpii'c  ifl  inds,  uiilils  they  only  wain  to 

wooil    and   water  •,  both  which   tlicy   ni.iy 

do  at  cape   /."/v,  widi  as  mucin  ale,  anil 

cheaper  than  at  .my  ot  thole  illands. 


St,  Tliomtii\  iflaml  is  about    thirty-five 
leagues  loiith  (rom  the  Pnni,'%  and  forty 
five  Will  troni  the  nrarell  port  ot  the  conti- 
nent ot  the  giilph.     It  wai  ditiovtred  about 
thi-  year  1471  v   the  extraordinary  (rriility 
of  its  (oil,  moved  the  y'w//"^/«'/e  to  Icttlea  fi>/!„;^ 
colony  of  their  nation  on  it,  (or  the  con-"  ^' 
vcnicncy  ot  tluir  people  trading  to  G'«/;/m, ^"""'' 
tlio'  the  iliirate  is  vi  ry  iinwhoK  lonie,  ,ini| 
abuiulaiK  e  o!  men  ilitd  U'torc  it  w.is  well  (ct- 
' 'id  and  cultivated  i    violent  levers  and  cho- 
licks  (naiching  them  away  foon  after  they 
were  (et  a-(liore. 

The  firlUlefign  of  (ettling  there,  was  in 
in  the  year  I4H(>-,  but  periciviiij;  how  many 
perilh'il  in  that  aitiiiipt,  by  rcalim  ot  the 
iiiiwholelonvaul'  (>(  ilie  air,  and  that  they 
d  belter  aj^iee  with  thatot  the  CDiitiiunt 


St.  Thomas's  Island. 
T^HK  iflandof  .SV.  Thomas,  or  St.Towi-, 
is  oval,  about  Citteen  leapiies  in  lenj;th, 
(rom  north  to  ibuth,  and  twelve  in  breadth 
trom  call  to  wc(l  ;  the  cliiet  port-town  in  it 
lyinp  diredly  under  the  equinoctial,  and  in 
the  northerly  part  of  the  itland. 

The  roit:i%n'e,  who  dilcovered  it,  in  the 
year  1 4 ;  2,  under  the  direi^ion  of  prince  Hfii- 
r\  u\'  r<jili(i,i,',  c^.wc  it  that  nanv,  Iv.caul'e 
they  touiul  it  upon  the  lead  ot  thatapollle, 
and  it  is  by  lUv  P 01: ugU''j?  reckoned  oiu-  ot 
tlie  nine  (ountrics,  by  them  lonqucred  in 
/tfriiii.  The  Bl.uks  of  the  oppofite  (onti- 
nentcall  it  PoMos.  It  appears  at  about  ten 
Pi  *rr  ij.  Ic.igues  didance  at  fea,  as  here  reprelented 
in  the  cut. 

South  fouth- weft  of  it,  is  the  little  idan.l 
il.nR'I'if,  or  lie  li'/lles,  or  RolLtidu  as  the 
Diitib  call  it,  feparatcd  l)y  a  channel,  which 
has  twelve  tathom  water  near  either  (hore, 
and  twenty  in  the  middle  ;  there  are  tome 
very  fmall  iflanels  or  rocks,  called  de  Rotes., 
but  mollly  overflowed  by  the  fea.  Tlie 
ifland  das  Rnjlis  is  much  larger  than  that 
tie  Cahras,  on  the  north;  and  the  channel  be- 
twixt it  and  Si.  Tovic,  is  half  a  league  broad  i 
and  there  is  goodanchoring-groundin  it. 

At  the  north  point  of  .SV.  Tom^,  clofc  by 
thefhore,  lies  the  little  ifland  call'd  W-ijJt- 
Cal'r.is,  or  goat  ifland ;  the  channel  between 
them  very  deep,  ami  lb  called,  from  the  va(t 
number  of  goats  there  is  on  it.  The  ifland 
li  very  high,  and  full  of  wild  Icmmon-irees. 


Rlll,15 

ijknj. 


Cabri 

ijlt'iil. 


on  the  ( 0,1ft  t)l' CiiiDu-ii,  it  was   retolvi  d  in 
eoum  il  by  king  7'A/;ot  Poriii^.i',  that  all 
the  '/i'lis  within  his  ilomiiiions,  whii  h  were 
vatlly  nunvroii'.,    Ilould  be  obli|'cd  to  re- 
ceive  bapiilm,  ur  upon  .clufd,  be   tranf- 
porieil    to  the    co.ill   of  Giiiului.      Accor- 
iliii;;ly  an  eiiict  w.is  (et  (orth,  and  many  ot' 
thole  who  woiif'not  lomply,  wire  (hipped 
ol},  .iiul   let  alliore  in    Ciiuiit'ti,  wliire  ''c 
J'ofttigiieji'  had  alre.idy  liver.d   conlider.Mu 
litilements,  and  .1  good  trade,  tonfiilcring 
the  time  finer  fhe  (ir(l  diliovery.     A  tew 
years  atter,  tuch  ot  thole  Jeii-s  .is  h.id  cfcap'd 
them.ilign.mt  air,  were  forced  away  to  this 
ifle  ot  Si.  Tome;  there  marrictl  to  Black  wo- 
men Il  tch'd  trom  /Iii^olu,  in  gre.it  numbers, 
with  near  three  thoui.md  men  ol  the   lame 
country.    1  rom  ihofe  /citi  married  to  Black 
women,  in  proceisof  lime  proceeded  nioUly 
that  brooil  ol  .VlulaU'i  at  this  day  inh.ibi- 
ting  the  ifland.    Moll  of  them  bo.ill  of  be- 
ing de(ceiKkd    from    Purlugiiefe,  and  their 
eonllitution  is  by  n.iture  much  fitter  to  bear 
with  the  malignity  of  tli.it air,     l\itia  y Sou- 
la,  in  his  hiflory  ol  Pittiv^a!,  p.  ;.(C|.  gives 
an  aecountot  the  expulfion  of  the  '^ewi  from 
Spain,  thus: 

The  Jeus,  who  in  great  numbers  lived 
in  Ca/tile,  feeing  themfclves  condemned  to 
the  flames,  by  the  creating  of  the  iiu]ui(itioii 
in  that  country,  (warmed  into  P'.iiuga!. 
Kmg'jfohii  the  tecond  ot  the  n.ime,  (iirnanied 
tbe  I'erpil,  ami  the  great,  Hrft  entertained 
them  i  but  afterwards,  being  lenfiblc  of 
their  wicked  piadfices,  tor  that  pretending  to 
be  chridians,  they  cealed  not  to  judaize,  he 
feiit  out  his  oflicers,  who  burnt  (ome,  cha- 
fliicd  others,  .iiid  filled  all  the  prifons  with 
them.  'I'his  made  many  of  them  fly  into 
yifrica,  where  they  openly  prolelfed  them- 
fclves yews  i  w hereupon  the  king  forbid  any 
more  paffing  over  thither,  upon  pain  of 
death  ;  giving  them  liberty,  at  the  (aioe 
time,  to  remove  to  any  chriftian  country. 
But  tho'  it  happened  (i:)me  years  later,  we 
Will  relate  what  wab  done  in  this  cafe.    In 

the 


proJute 
in  Iwair 
in  a  (lu 
The 
ll,c  plai 
lired  1 1 
the  arriil 
.!;■•■''  wcia 
ti-oin  Br 
gir,  nor 
after  the 
flure  of 
over- Hi  o( 
it   by 

I'or  tl 

<vill  not 

all  into  ft 

Theifl 

little  riv 

into  the 

and  cold- 

the  great 

vay  cent 

other  hil 

ally  cove 

over  wocx 

Vol,. 


rs   lived 
imcii  to 
luiluiou 
'.rlugiil. 
n.imed 
rciincd 
blc    of 
luimg  to 
aiif,  he 
>iu',  chi- 
fons  with 
rty  into 
d  thcm- 
jrbid  .iny 
pain  of 
the  lai  V? 
country. 
Liter,  we 
cafe.    In 
tlie 


Chap.  II.        C(?^y?/ ^/South-Guinea. 


40? 


»:i- 


tlu'  v*^'""  '401.  a  v.ift  multitude  ni  Jtwi 
unieout  nf  Cijltlt  into  Pntiut^.il,  engaging 
til  pay  the  kinu;  .1  ccriain  nuniher  of  ducats 
,1  Iliad,  and  only  drfirinu  to  l)c  permitted 
(u  pais  through  the  kingdom.  i'.i^ht 
montiis  were  allowed  them  to  Hay,  and 
certain  ports  affigncd  them  to  embark.  The 
time  expiring,  many  went  over  to  the  eoall 
ot  /'i,  where  they  were  plunder  ilandahus'd 
by  the  M'lon  \  havinj^  been  liulc  better  trea- 
ted by  the  Piirtuguci':-,  many  returneiltoC.*- 
jiU,  prcti'iidinj;  they  were  eonvertcd,  and 
n'.any  llaid  in  Poitu^tl  under  the  lame  co- 
lour. 'i"he  king,  the  followin{J!  year,  find- 
in;^  them  obftinate  in  their  wickcvl  praitticcs, 
m.uU'  all  that  could  be  fouml  flives-,  and 
takini;  tlieir  childrc  n  awiy,  caufed  them  to 
liL'b.ipti/.'d,  and  Imt  them  to  the  illand  of 
,V/.  fl'iiiiur,  to  be  bioij^^htup  there  chrilU- 
aiis,  and  inhabit  it.  1  lui'.  tlicy.«'i  came 
(iill  to  mi.v  theii  r.uc  with  thai  of  the  anti- 
en;  /V/»V-.;/'*  r.    To  return  to  my  l'ub;eik. 

'I'he  (hips  anchor  in  the  road  of  the  bay, 
0:1  wliicrh  I  lie  town  is  lituaied  ;  the  ancho- 
!;;.■,  lorlin.ill  fhipsis  in  three  fathoms  and  a 
ji.iil,  and  lor  the  l.u^er,  in  Hvc  fathoms, 
l.iiuly  u;rouiul,  kecjiing  the  tort  at  fouth  well. 
'I'liis  ro.id  ii.s  noith-eallanil  fouth- wclf,  wc 
moor  thire,  with  the  bell  bower  at  louth, 
hecaule  the  wind  blows  mollly  from  thence, 
wc  commonly  fail  dole  to  the  ifland,  to 
tome  to  the  roads,  the  water  being  there 
pretty  deep  along  the  (horc.  About  a  league 
and  a  halt  trom  the  fort,  in  the  bay,  lie  two 
fmall  illamls. 

Tiiefoil  of>^/.  Tome  isgenerady  fat,  mix'd 
wiili  yellow  and  white  cirth,  which  by  the 
(lew  of  the  nigiit,  is  rendered  very  proper  to 
produce  many  forts  of  plants  and  truits,  and 
111  fwainpy  grounds,  prodigious  lotty  trees, 
in  a  lliort  time. 

The  fugir-canes  thrive  fo  well  there,  that 
[|,e  planters  make  ye.irly,  above  an  hun- 
ilred  thouland  arrobcs  of  muleovado  lugar, 
the  ariobc  being  thirty-two  pounds  l\rlti- 
;.:.' weight:  the  plants  were  carried  thither 
trom  IhinU,  but  do  not  yield  lb  much  fu- 
gir,  nor  lb  gooel  as  there,  tho'  cultivated 
after  the  fuiie  manner  •,  becault:  of  the  moi- 
Hure  of  the  foil,  which  makes  the  canes  to 
over-flioot,  for  which  real'on  they  often  dry 
it  by    tire,  or  burn  it  as  much  as  they  can. 

I'or  the  lame  reafon  our  Euiofean  wheat 
will  not  come  to  maturity  i  but  llioots  out 
all  into  ftalks  and  leaves. 

The  illand  is  watered  in  fever  al  places,  by 
little  rivers,  running  down  from  the  hills 
into  the  ocean,  their  waters  are  very  fweet, 
and  cold,  moft  of  the  rivers  coming  from 
the  great  high  mountain,  which  rifes  in  the 
very  center  of  the  ifland,  much  above  all  the 
other  hills  about  it,  and  is  almoft  continu- 
ally covered  with  fhow  at  the  top,  and  all 
over  woodcdi  which  is  very  reniai  kable,  confi- 

VOL.  V. 


ilcrin^',  how  much  it  is  continually  expos'd  toH,\iui<re 
the  Itorching  hrat  ot  the  fun.  v^V^^ 

All  the  ill  truitJ  ami  plants  ol  the  growth  f,,j^j. 
of  fi«i«^j,  thrive  there  loadmiration,  betides 
many  others  tranfplanted  thither  from  B>,t- 
zili  .md  even  ijrapes,  Auupit  apples,  ,ind 
many  fortj  ol  Imall  beant ;  as  alio  C'u/<i, 
which  lormerly  occafioned  a  confidtrable 
trade  from  theme  to  ,'liigola.  Ginger  is  alio 
pretty  plentiful,  as  well  as  the  cabbage-tree, 
which  grows  very  tall  in  one  year,  .ind  is 
called  by  the  n.iiivcs  .il/t'llane :  but  Eiiru- 
/'(•/iwtruit-trees,  asalmond,  olive,  pea^h,  and 
other  forts,  which  have  Hones,  or  Ih.ll,  iho' 
they  grow  very  well,  yet  they  never  bear  any 
fruit  1  andoii  the.onuiry,  all  lorts  of  our 
fallitting  thrive  very  well. 

The  natives  pretend  I  hey  h.ive  a  fort  ol* 
trees,  whole  leaves  are  continually  dillilling 
water,  like  the  labuloiis  nee  authors  fpeak 
of  in  the  illand  of  I-'.-to,  on:  of  tlieC'(»</i<//^r. 

They  have  gruat  lloie  ot  all  the  t,\mc Bt»j1i  »itJ 
creatures,  that  are  ulual  on  the  coalls  of*'"''' 
C«/«iMand  lic'iiiii  and  pirticuKuly  ot  black 
cartel,  larger  .md  more  ueautilul  than  thole 
at  the  Geld  Co.i:t,  ,ind  the  twine  are  alio 
very  large:  and  as  tor  fowl,  there  arc  tur- 
keys, geete,  ducks,  turtle-ilovcs,  [lanriiij^es, 
black-birds,  llarlini;;s,  ,iiul  very  beautiful 
parroquets,  no  bigger  than  Iparrows,  with 
fine  fcarlet  he.ids,  betides  luany  oilier  tine 
birds  not  known  in   Europe. 

T'hc  ocean  .ill  round  the  ifland  fwarms  F//7;,  &c. 
with  lilh,  and  among  them  fmall  whales, 
and  north-cajjers,  or  grampulFes  •,  nor  is 
there  lefs  plenty  in  the  rivers  :  (b  tliat  die 
inhabitants  have  all  torts  of  provifions  in  im- 
menfe  quantities  ;  and  were  not  the  fcorch- 
ingilampair  to  pernicious  to  Eurofe.iiD,  wlio 
can  fcarce  live  there  to  fifty  years  of  age,  it 
might  vie  with  the  ille  of  iV.  llelfthi,  lb  fa- 
mous amongtt  /'..r7-/«,//,j  travellers,  or  its 
t'ertility  .md  plenty  ol  all  necellan  ,,  and 
over  and  above  tor  the  wholefuinenc  jf  its 
air,  being  about  four  hiindreil  leagues  dil  ■ 
tani  from  St.  Tonw,  lotith-e.itl  by  call,  and 
look'd  upon  .is  a  terreltrial  [laradile. 

As  for  the  natives,  they  arc  laid  to  live 
long  and  hc.dthy,  tho'  Ipare  and  lean  of 
body,  and  many  of  them  to  attain  to  ain 
hundred  years  of  .ige.  There  is  alio  ano- 
ther notion,  for  the  truth  whereof  I  dare 
not  vouch  i  which  is,  that  if  a  foreigner  hap- 
pens to  go  to  refide  at  St.  Thine,  before  he 
is  at  his  full  growth,  he  will  continue  at  that 
pitch  all  the  days  of  his  life.  They  alio 
lay  the  nature  of  the  toil  isfuch,  as  to  con- 
fume  a  dead  body  in  twenty-four  hours. 

The  unwholetbmciiefs  of  the  air,  is  chiefly 
attributed  to  the  illanu's  lying  under  the 
equinodial,  which  renders  it  intolerably  hot 
the  greateft  part  of  the  year  ;  and  being  all 
hills  and  dales,  which  are  continually  fill'd 
with  a  thick  (linking  log,  even  in  the  hotted 
5  L  time 


^;r';v'iM 


illf 


'\  \u 


(Ji;  ! 


'•ii\ 


,"     ! 


aritli  1  '  ill  ■! 


!ui4  r  I'l  ■  'i  ill    i  ■  if  '1    .     ■ 


■Mm  1^-' ' ''  I' 
Sir!  ■,.?; 


1 


p  ^^  ■  '■ 


4iiiSfl:i 


406 


A  DefcriptidH  of  the 


Book  IV. 


BA!iBoT.time  of  thcciiiy,  that  condenfes  and  in- 
V^W^Fcdls  the  air,  and  renders  it  nnwholefome. 
Add  to  this  the  heavy  rains,  which  fail  on 
the  low  mardiy  grounds,  which  being  af- 
tcrwarils  drawn  up  by  the  violent  heat,  turn 
into  vapours,  and  fall  down  mornings  and 
evenings  on  the  bodies  of  men  and  bealls,  oc- 
cafioning  much  ficknefs,  and  the  death  of 
many  at  tlie  town,  elpccially  at  Tome  times  of 
the  year  ;  bccaufe  it  is  fituatcd  in  a  low  bot- 
tom, whirh  is  not  fo  much  about  the  north 
and  fouth  [virtsof  the  iflanil.  However,  at 
certain  fealbns  of  the  year,  that  malignant 
air  is  lb  univerfal,  that  the  natives  are  forced 
to  keep  clofe  at  home,  for  a  time,  to  fiee 
themfelves  from  it  as  much  as  is  pofTible. 

The  exccllive  bleeding  ufed  bv  the  Porlii- 
gucfe,  wliich  they  have  recoiirle  to  on  the 
leift  occafion,  fome  of  'em  letting  biooJ 
fifty  times,  or  more,  in  a  year  ;  is  probably 
what  makes  tlium  look  more  like  walking 
<:;Ik)II'>  tlian  men.  This  prafticc,  fo  rcpeat;'d 
for  many  years  Jucceirively,  mull:  nereda- 
rily  weaken  their  eonlVitution  ;  the  nature  ol 
that  climate  being  fuch,  as  cannot  fupply 
them  with  hally  recruits  ol  blond. 

There  are  two  rainy  and  two  fair  feafons 
in  the  year,  beginning  at  each  equinox,  and 
ending  at  the  fun's  coming  to  tlie  tropicks. 
At  the  time  of  thole  eciuinoxi.s,  they  have 
no  manner  of  ihade,  the  fun  bring  perpindi- 
cul.'.r  over  their  heads,  and  then  exhales  im- 
menfe  quantiti;  s  of  water  from  iheocem, 
all  about  the  ifland,  which  turn  !o  fucli 
heavy  violent  rains,  that  they  fdl  all  over 
the  land  like  another  flood  ■,  ami  the  only 
comfort  at  fuch  times,  is,  that  the  iieat  of 
the  fun  is  nothing  near  fo  fcorchingas  at 
or!,;r(!ry  fialbn'=,  when  ii  is  in'.olera!>k',  the 
lh;.k  clouds  then  intM-pofniL'; ;  however,  at 
that  time  they  fuft'cr  as  much  by  the  excels 
of  tlampnefs,  as  tliey  did  before  by  the  in- 
fiipj'ortable  heats,  in  'June,  Jiih,  and  ylii- 
i^ujf,  efpecially  F.Kroi'car.i  \  thoie  heals  be- 
ing then  fo  violent,  and  the  foil  io  burning 
hot,  that  'tis  fcarcc  poffible  to  walk  on  ii, 
at  fome  limes, without  corklolcs  to  thelliocs. 
The  other  three  months  of  good  fealon, 
viz.  Mitrih,  j^pri!  and  May,  are  more 
temperate,  the  continual  fouih-eaft  winds 
rclVefhing  the  air;  fo  that  it  does  as  mirch 
good  to  h.nrol-eam,  as  damage  to  the  na- 
tives, whom  it  pinches  and  annoys  fo  very 
nmch,  that  they  all  look  then  extremely 
thin  and  poor.  But  it  is  very  rare  there 
to  have  a  northeaft  wine!  blow  a«;  it  doth 
at  the  (iolil  Coaft  of  Guinea  ;  and  when  that 
happens,  'tisoccafioncd  by  the  high  Pioun 
tains  of  the  continent  of  Afric.i,  diverting 
it  towards  this  iflantl. 

The  principal  town,  lies  at  the  bottom 
of  the  bay,  facing  the  north  eaft  betwixt 
t\so  rivers,  on  a  low  flat  ground,  and  built 
in  length,  containing  about  eight  hundred 


Kxriij:-, 


Timftrutt 

feajQ'i. 


'tht  Icvn. 


houfes,  mofl  of  them  two  Ivories  high,  and 
flat-roofed.  And  the  Porius^ue/eiiiy,  there 
are  above  five  thoufand  fuch  houfes  about 
the  country,  fix  miles  round  the  town  ; 
which  is  covcr'd  on  the  lea-fide,  by  a  ram- 
part built  of  free-ftone,  in  1607-,  defended 
on  the  north  by  fort  St.  SebnjUaH:  con- 
fifting  of  four  large  baftions,  faced  with 
free-ftone,  ftanding  on  a  point  of  land,  thcr,, 
courtins  being  of  hard  polilh'il  rock-flone, 
twenty  five  foot  high  •,  all  which  renders 
it  a  ftrong  place,  if  well  defended. 

The  fui  t  has  alfo  a  little  harbour  or  ba- 
ton, facing  the  north  •,  theaccefsto  which, 
may  becafily  obllrufted,  by  thirty-fix  hrals 
guns,  from  eiahf  to  fb.ty  eight  pound  ball, 
it  is  fiirnilli'd  with  -,  and  fuppli-.d  with  wa- 
ter by  a  little  river  that  falls  into  the  lla, 
and  is  the  bell  frelli  water  in  all  the  illand, 
and  the  molt  proper  for  fliips  lor  \o\vj 
voyages,  if  taken  in  the  clay-time:  hut 
being  then  always  full  of  n.ives,  and  beads 
rclbrtin^^;  from  all  parts  of  the  town  lor  w.i- 
ler,  and  to  walk  tli'-mf-.-lvcs,  and  often  e.if'' 
their  boi..cs  tin  re,  ,'.iid  throw  in  ,dl  forts  of 
liltli,  we  arc  obliged  to  fill  our  ealks  in  the 

night,  when  it  is  five  from  all  that  nallinels,;; 

which  makes  it  lei's  agreeable  to  our  men  aul 
flaves, being  perhaps  too  raw, as  it  comes  from 
the  hills,  till  warmed  by  the  fun:  for  it  appears 
by  experience,  that  the  water  at  VrtncS 
ifland  and  cape  Lope  proves  mucii  whole- 
fbmer  for  our  flavj  and  fliips  crev/3  at  fej. 
Tho'  this  of  S/.  lome  keeps  pretty  well  in 
cafks,  after  it  has  once  flunk,  and  is  recovered. 

I  would  advife  fuch  as  refbrt  thither  to 
viftua!  their  fliips,  to  water  in  other  places 
of  the  ifland,  or  in  themiddleof  the  town, 
through  which  the  river  runs,  tho'  it  will 
colt  double  the  labour  and  cliargcs.  I'o! 
it  is  !o  elUniid  a  point,  that  the  water 
taken  aboard  in  Have-lhips  Ihould  he  ni 
the  very  befl  and  ilianlv,  that  it  often 
contiibutes  viry  iimch  to  lave  or  dclboy 
wliole  cargoes  of  them,  according  .is  it  is 
good  or  bad;  and  rat  her  than  to  runarilque, 
I  would  advife  them  to  go  to  ca[)e  l.op', 
Princc'f,  ifland,  or  Aniwhoii  lor  It  -,  becaufe 
inany  fl)ips  have  lofl  ihe  bell  part  of  their 
compliment  of  fl.ives  by  tiiat  water,  in  tli;  ir 
pafTige  from  thence  to  .lincriiii. 

All  the  houli-s  in  the  town  are  built  with  a 
fort  of  hard  ponderous  white  timber,  gnnvir," 
on  the  plantations  of  the  ifland,  and  covered 
with  planks  of  the  fame,  only  three  houlcs  arc 
all  of  flone  ;  the  chiefert  whereof,  is  the 
govcrnoi's,  and  another  is  the  billiops's  pa- 
lace. St.  fame  is  a  bilhop's  Ice,  whole 
diocefe  extends  over  the  adjacent  Portugurjl- 
ifl.inds  oi  thegulph  of  6',v/«(',7,  and  it  is  ac- 
coimteil  the  mother-chun  h  of  Gtiinen,  Covgo 
.and  Angola  ;  and  for  that  reafbn,  thebifliop 
of  /ingola  is  f'uiifagan  to  this  Ii.*?,  whli  h 
claims  it  by  aniiquity. 

There 


BookIV.  I  Chap.ii.         Coajif  of  ^outH'Gu is e a. 


407 


.  high,  and 
H:iy,  there 
Hifes  about 
tlie  town  ; 
,  by  a  ram- 
'  ;  defended 
ilHan :  con- 
faced  witli 
of  land,  thcT.f  ;a, 

rock-ilonc, 
hich  renders 
led. 

rbour  or  ba- 
d'^  to  which, 
irty-fix  brals 
t  pound  ball, 
li'.d  with  wa- 
into  the  k'.i, 
ill  the  illmd, 
lips  lor  loni; 
y-tiinc  :    but 
',,  and  be:i!l>i 
lown  lor  wa- 
iiid  otttn  cifc 
in  .dl  forts  of 
r  calks  in  tlk" 
that  nail  incfs,  [;.,.„; 
o  our  nun  ind 
Utcomcsfroni 
:  for  it  appears 
cr  at  Vrtnct\ 
much  whole- 
)s  crcwr.  at  lea. 
pretty  well  in 
id  is  recovered, 
brt  thither  to 
in  other  places 
e  of  the  town, 
tho'  it  will 
cliarges.    I'or 
hat  the  w.itcr 
lliould  be  nt 
ihat  it  often 
vc  or   dtlhoy 
iiiiing  as  it  IS 
to  ninaiil()ue, 
to  cape  /.J/•^ 
)\-   it  ;  bec.uilc 
irt  of  dieir 
iw.itor,  in  th"ir 
a. 

ire  built  with  ,\ 
mber,  growing 
1,  anti  covered 
hree  iioulcs  Arc 
hcreol,  is  the 
bilbops's  pa- 
l's fee,  whole 
;cnt  Porltigiiefc 
H,  and  it  is  ac- 
Gniiirti,  Congo 
jfon,  thebilhop 
is  fc-?,    whlih 

There 


There  are  three  cliurches  in  the  town,  one 
of  them  the  cathedral,  dedicated  to  our 
l.idy  of  the  conception,  as  they  term  it, 
which  was  formerly  ruined  by  the  Dutch 
admiral,  Ptfter  vcr  Does  (in  1610)  who 
invaded  the  ifland  •,  but  afterwards  rebuilt 
and  enlarged  by  the  Porlupiefe,  much  fi- 
ner and  larger.  In  i:  was  long  after  bu- 
ried the  corps  of  another  ZJft/f/j  admiral  "Jol, 
who  after  his  conquelts  of  Loanda  dc  Si, 
PmIo  in  /Ingola,  being  lent  there  with 
twenty  one  men  of  war,  and  twothoufaml 
two  hmidrcd  men  from  Hraz'd,  by  count 
Alaiirice  oi' Ntiffau,  captain-general  by  fea 
and  land  for  the  D:itib  in  it)4i,  iubdued 
this  ifl.ind  the  fecond  time  :  but  foon  after 
the  conquell,  all  his  little  army  was  fei/cd 
with  the  ilillemp.rs  of  the  country,  which 
dellroycd  many  •,  an^I  Jol  himfelf,  with  fix 
of  liis  ollicers  died,  and  was  intL-rrcd  in 
this  church,  witli  all  the  pomp  ule.i  at  tlio 
hmerals  ot  the  greatetl  gv'neials  ot  armies. 
This  cliUich  is  precil'cly  under  tiii'  Kiui- 
noiftial  line. 

I'he  otluT  churches  of  the  town,  are  that 
of  Si.  h.iziljclb,  wiiich  is  an  hofpital  ;  and 
that  of  >S7.  ^d'ajlutn,  the  lealt  ot  the  three, 
an.l  tlie  neareit  to  the  tortrefs,  of  which 
it  bcati  the  name. 

There  are  alio  fomeother  fmaller  churches 
and  ciiapeis  without  the  walls  ot  the  town  ; 
one  dedicated  to  St.  Antony,  at  about  half 
a  mile  diftancc  ;  another  nearer,  to  St.  John ; 
anotlicr  .igain,  to  the  mother  of  God,  about 
lialf  a  league  to  the  Ibuth-eall  •,  another  to 
the  trinitv,  two  leagues  off  eaft  -,  and  ano- 
ther, to  Si.  Anne,  about  three  leagues  fouth- 
eait,  which  was  rebuilt  in  1667,  as  large  as 
mat  of  :>!.  Saviour  at  Rochel,  but  much 
h  n.ifomv  r.  'i"wo  of  thofe  churches  belong 
10  mon.ilK-rics  of  AaQii'Uni.ins  and  tryars. 
Ail  the  inhajit-ints  ar;:  ronranilU,  except 
loiiK-  lew  tamili;-5  of  pag;;n  negroes  ot  the 
(i|iiiofitc  coniincnt,  who  rclide  there  on  ac- 
ioi.it  ot  hade.  The  bilhop  of  Si.  1'omc 
is  luiiV.igan  to  the  primate  ot  PoriUi^ai ; 
inotl  of  the  priclls  oHiciating  there,  and  at 
tiw  other  /V/VA^r/cV' iflands.ire  lii<uh.  The 
niufiLk  otiiie  catlmlral,  is  (urtly  loinpoleil 
ol  nciiro  boys,  who  are  trained  to  it,  and 
linij;  mollly  without  book.  I'ln-  king  of 
Pi,n:!^^r,l  maintains  them,  and  the  whole 
chapter,  out  ol  the  revenues  of  the  illand. 

Tne  inhabitants  are  obliged  to  main- 
tain .It  their  chirge  the  garilbn  ot  fori  St. 
Sii'ttiii'iu  with  lucl,  ami  to  keep  in  due 
repair  the  governor's  houlc  in  the  town  ; 
as  likewilf  all  the  bridges  within  and  with- 
out it,  and  to  mentl  the  rtwds  about  it, 
*ldch  are  often  damaged  by  the  heavy 
r.iin?  overllowing  and  lireaking  them  up. 
'1  !if  jf  iieril  extends  his  juriididion  over 
dioic  cil  t!ir  neighbouring  Pcrlugnfjt'  iflamls, 
ui  liie  gulpli  of  G/()//t'i(,buc  rendcsat  Si:Tome, 


and  is  alTiltcd  by  a  corrcgidor  in  decidinr»  0.  ';.ot 
jiidicially  all  the  contelts  and  differences  thai  '^V^^ 
happen  there  ;  but  there  lies  an  appeal  to 
the  viceroy  of  Guinert  and  Angola,  rcfi- 
ding  at  Loimda  de  Si.  Paolo,  in  Angola.  The 
Portugtieje  general  that  was  there,  at  my 
firlt  voyage  to  the  gulph,  v/asjidian  do  Cam- 
po  Barrelo,  whom  I  law  fince  at  Prince's 
ifland,  and  afterwards  at  Acrn,  being  there 
kept  dole  prifoner,  by  the  garrifon  of  the 
fort  CbriHiaeniiirgh,  then  poffcfled  by  the 
Poriiigui-if ;  as  1  have  obferved  in  the  pre- 
ceding defcription  of  the  Geld  Coajl  of 
Guinea. 

The  bell  governor-;  and  generals,  lent  to 
the  Portugu,-J-j  illands  of  the  guljiii  of  Guinea, 
are  old  ofllrers,  who  having  firved  the 
king  of  PorH'gii!  in  his  armies,  and  hatl  the 
miflortune  to  walte  their  eftates  in  that  fer- 
\-i.-c,  are  polleti  thvre  to  recover  their  lolTes; 
winch  they  may  quickly  ilo,  as  h.iving  the 
whole  ti.ule  of  that  part  of  G.'.(vt',7,  befides 
the  pcrquifitcs  of  their  polls,  and  their 
Ihare  of  the  duties  I'uitign  lliips  arc  obliged 
to  pay,  which  .uiioiint  to  ne.ir  ten  ler  icv;t. 
ad -jaiorcm,  ot  the  provilions  (.x|)orted  iroin 
the  illands,  which  d.tities  v/e  commonly  pay 
in  Enrol  can  goods  -,  and  for  a  lari'^c  iLive- 
flii(),  come  to  about  one  hundred  and 
twenty  crowns,  or  three  flaves,  valued  ac 
forty  crowns  a-piece  ;  befides  wiiich,  eight 
or  ten  crowns  arc  paid  to  the  corregidor, 
Merinho  da  Mar.,  and  other  officers  ot  the 
cuftom-houfe.  All  wiiich,  confidering  the 
great  number  of  foreign  fliips  reforting 
to  the  ifland  yearly,  being  often  above 
an  hundred  and  fifty  fail  of  all  nations 
and  fizes,  it  is  ealy  to'  infer,  that  the  poll 
of  general  there,  is  very  beneficial  without 
all  the  other  profits  accruing  by  the  admi- 
nillration  of  jullicr,  and  trading  in  Guinea, 
and  the  file  of  the  produft  of  their  own 
plantations,  and  the  iitth  part  of  all  the 
tifli  caught  on  the  beach,  and  three-pence 
{■er  week  for  every  liflicniian  that  fifhcs 
out  at  fea :  for  there  is  nothing  but  what 
pays  fomc  duty  to  the  king  or  the  gover- 
noiir  ;  and  even  Fuioiran  goods  carried  a- 
lliore  for  purchafiiig  piovifion--,  niuft  all 
be  lint  to  the  (iillom-houfe,  and  pay  ten 
■per  rrni.  ad  valorem. 

Thofe  goods  in  French  fliips  particularly  Gmi/j  ii»- 
confill  in  UoHand-cknh,  or  linen,  as  well?'"'"'''- 
as  of  KoNen  and  Britany  ;  thread  of  all  co- 
lours \  lerges,  filk  ftockings,  tiiflians,  Dutch 
knives,  iron,  fait,  olive-oil,  copper  in  flieets 
or  plates ;  brafs-kettles,  pitch,  tar,  cordage, 
fugar  Ibrms,  (from  twenty  to  thiiiy  pounds 
apiece)  brandy,  all  kinds  ot  llrong  liquors 
and  Ipirits,  Canary-wmcs,  olives,  capers, 
fine  flower,  butter,  cheefe,  thin  flioes,  hats, 
fhirts,  and  all  forts  of  filks  out  of  falhion 
in  Europe,  hooks,  tJf.  ot  each  fort  a  little 
in  proportion. 

The 


i^m 


I  11  'ml 


t>ll  !!■ 


k^il'l 


\^'\i: 


ill'H    '■! 


m 


!i''i: 


WV 


in 


408 


j4  Defer iption  of  the 


Book  IV. 


m 


-I; 
'J^'ii'i    i 


Barbot.  The  iflanders  are  a  mungrel  people,  as  I 
^"^y^  have  already  hinted  •,  white  Portuguefi,  de- 
um"  ''c^n^'ed  from  tlic  firft  inhabitants  of  the 
ifland,  when  it  was  (ettled  •,  Portuguefe  Mu- 
latto's, alio  defccndtd  from  the  profcribed 
Jeivs,  ftnt  thither  at  the  beginning  of  the  co- 
lony, and  married  to  Blackvomen  fentfrom 
Angola  \  both  free,  bL-fides  a  vaft  number 
of  Blacks  and  MnlaUi^'s  not  free  •,  tranfported 
alfo  from  Lcandii  (k S.Paolo,  as  the  ifland 
could  be  cultivated  :  as  alfo  a  multitude  of 
other  flavcs,  who  tho' they  arc  fo,  compofe 
whole  villages  of  themfelves  all  over  the 
iP.inil. 

The  moll:  ordinary  food  of  the  inhabi- 
tants is  potatoes,  kneaded  and  mix'd  with 
Farhihd  de  Pao,  or  Maiidmn,  goat's-milk, 
palm-wine  and  water.  Thofe  of  fome  fub- 
ftance  often  feaft  one  another  in  their  vil- 
lages i  efpecially  in  hot  fcorching  weather, 
five  or  fix  whole  families  meeting  together 
in  liens  and  caves,  dug  for  that  purpofe 
uiul  r  ground,  to  keep  off  the  heat,  earh  fa- 
mily bringing  a  didi  to  compofe  thi;  baa 
(]uet. 

TIk'  commonalty  of  all  thofe  mungiel 
peoplc,efpccially  of  the  MtiUitto's  and  Blacks, 
are  treacherous  villains,  very  thievifli,  in- 
folent  and  quarrelfome,  on  the  lead  occa- 
fion  •,  and  fome,  without  any. 
Dijlemftri.  Having  fpokeii  fully  of  the  unwhole- 
fomenefs  of  the  air  at  6V.  'Tome,  i:  will  -"ot 
be  improper  to  take  fome  notice  of  the 
mod  common  difeafcs,  affliding  the  inha- 
bitants, viz.  fevers,  fmall-pox,  cholicks, 
the  bloody-flux,  the  venereal  difeafe  1  and 
another  called  there  Bkhos  no  Cu,  befides 
kvcral  others,  aftedtiiig  men  there,  and 
particularly  the  liead-ach. 
nxtn.  The  fever,  above  all  other  dillempers, 
dcftroys  the  greatelT.  number  of  people, 
efpecially  new  comers  from  Europe,  carrying 
them  off  in  lefs  than  eight  days  ficknefs. 
The  firll  lymptoms  of  it  are  a  cold  fliiver- 
ing,  attended  witn  an  intolerable  heat  or 
inflammation  in  the  body  for  two  hours, 
fo  as  to  throw  the  patient  into  a  violent 
delirium,  which  at  the  fifth  or  feventh  fit, 
or  the  fourteenth  at  mod,  makes  an  end  of 
molt  perfons  fcized  with  it  1  the  fit  return- 
ing every  other  day.  If  the  patient  efcapes, 
he  may  reafonably  expeft  to  live  there 
leveral  years  in  health,  provided  he  is  tem- 
perate both  as  to  wine  and  women  ■,  and 
be  well  dieted  after  having  been  purged 
immediately  with  Cajfia,  infufed  in  the 
blood  of  vipers.  They  allow  the  patient 
to  drink  water  plentifully  during  the  fit. 
sm»U-fcx.  As  to  the  fmall-pox.it  is  there  as  elfewhere 
in  Guinea,  fome  die  of  it,  fome  not  •,  and 
the  j)roper  medicines  tor  fuch  patients,  are 
known  to  all  nations,  and  therefore  I  for- 
bear faying  any  more  on  that  head. 


Cholicks  arc  there  fo  terrible,  as  toc4j/,vt, 
diftraft  the  patient  in  three  or  four  days. 
The  caufe  of  this  fort  of  cholick  is  moftly  at- 
tributed cither  to  the  exceflive  ufe  of  women, 
or  to  the  evening  dews  •,  and  to  catching 
cold,  after  a  violent  fweating:  many,  efpe- 
cially new  comers,  being  apt  to  cool  and 
air  themlclves  when  very  hot,  in  the  night- 
time abed,  or  drinking  to  exccfs  of  the 
juice  of  coco-nuts,  which  is  of  a  very  cool- 
ing nature. 

This  fort  of  cholick  has  fwept  away  an 
incredible  number  of  people  of  all  forts 
and  nations  fincc  that  was  a  colony  •,  and 
does  rtill  continually,  the  rclort  to  the 
ifland  biiiig  very  great  from  many  parts, 
as  [  have  obferved  before.  It  has  particu- 
larly, together  with  the  bloody-flux,  kill'd 
fuch  a  number  of  Dutch  men,  the  two 
feveral  times  they  fubdued  the  ifland,  in  the 
the  years  1610,  and  1641,  as  before  nien- 
tioned  ;  that  the  ifland  was  then  known  in 
IloH.iml,  by  the  name  of  the /J«/r/)  Ctv/rf/). 
Vjr./.  However,  it  isobleived  among  our 
failors,  that  thofe  who  llKlom  or  never  go 
afliore,  are  not  afflicted  with  this  or  any 
other  diflemper  of  the  country.  The  na- 
tives ufe  the  fame  medicines  for  cholicks,  as 
the  Blacks  do  on  the  coad  of  Guinea. 

The  bloody-flux  is  as  common  among  the  b.W,. 
inhabitants  as  among  foreigners,  and  de-/'". 
droys  many  of  both  forts  indifferently. 
The  medicine  mod  ufed  by  the  natives,  is 
to  anoint  the  patient  all  over  very  often 
with  an  ointment  made  of  palm-oil,  boil'd 
with  certain  phyfical  herbs,  bed  known  to 
the  Blacks,  which  cures  many  in  a  fliort 
time :  but  for  our  European  failors,  we  find 
that  quinces  are  the  mod  efficacious  reme- 
dy againd  that  didemper. 

The  vcn;re.d  didemper  is  very  common,  P«. 
the  Blacks  feeming  to  be  little  concerned  at 
it,  as  having  a  way  to  cure  it  with  .M  icury; 
but  few  Europeans  who  get  it,  efcape  dying 
miferably.  I  cannot  therefore  bar  ferioufly 
recommend  it  to  fuch  as  happen  to  go  thi- 
ther, to  forbear  havmg  to  ilo  with  any 
Black  women,  as  they  tender  their  own 
lives. 

The  difeafe  callM  Bichos  no  Cu,  is  alfoDii-ff 
very  common  there,  both  among  miles 
and  Blacks  ;  the  nature  of  it  is  to  melt  or 
dilfolve  mens  far  inwardly,  and  to  void  it 
by  dool,  which  'tis  likely  is  occafion'd  hy 
the  infupportable  heats.  The  Frc-rch  c.ill 
this  diifcmper  Gnis  jundii,  that  is,  melted 
greafe  ;  being  in  eflert  a  fort  of  dylentery, 
the  forerunner  of  which,  isan  extr.iordmary 
melancholy,  attended  with  a  violent  head- 
ach,  wearinel'.  and  fore  eyes.  As  loon  as 
thefe  fymptoms  appear,  they  take  the  fourth 
part  of  a  lemmoii-petl,  and  thrud  it  up  the 
patientVs  fundament,  ia  the  nature  of  a  fup- 

pofitory. 


Book IV.  |  ^^ap.  h.  Coafts  0/  South-Guinea. 


lie,    as  tocij/ivt. 

four  days. 

moftly  at- 
•  of  women, 

0  catching 
lany,  efpc- 
)  cool  and 

1  the  night- 
:cfs  of  the 
I  very  cool- 

pt  away  an 
>f  all  forts 
lony  i  and 
ore  to  the 
nany  parts, 
las  particu- 
-rtux,  kill'd 
,  the  two 
land,  in  the 
jetore  men- 
;ii  known  in 
ulch  Church- 
among  our 
or  never  go 
this  or  any 
i.  The  n.i- 
cholicks,  as 
'dm  a. 

n  among  the  b/«j,. 
rs,  and  di-fiu':. 
indifferently. 
e  natives,  is 
T  very  often 
i-oil,  boil'd 
eft  known  to 
in  a  fliort 
ors,  we  find 
cious  reme- 

common,  P«. 
onccrned  at 
th  Mrcttry; 

eftape  dying 

iir  ferimidy 

n  to  go  thi- 

o  with  any 

tlieir  own 

Ctl,     is  airODyi'rifi. 

long  fFbUci 
to  melt  or 
to  void  it 
ccafion'd  by 
h'li't'cb  call 
t  is,  melted 

lylentery, 
traordinary 
oient   iuad- 

'\s  Idun  as 
e  the  fourth 
all  it  up  the 
re  of  a  fup- 
pofitory. 


4OP 


'•Mil 


mi. 


pofitory,  as  fiir  as  they  can,  which  is  very 
painful  to  him,  and  he  is  to  keep  it  there  as 
long  as  polTible.  If  the  difcafe  is  not  invete- 
rate, this  certainly  cures  him  ;  but  if  this 
remedy  proves  ineffeftual,  and  thedifeafe  fo 
malignant,  that  there  comes  av/ay  a  fort  ot 
grey  matter,  they  infufe  tobacco-leaves  in 
lalt  and  vinegar,  for  two  hours,  tK  :n  pound 
it  in  a  mortar,  and  adminifter  a  glifter  of  it 
to  the  patient :  but  becaufe  the  fmart  of  it 
is  violent,  they  have  two  men  to  hold  him. 
They  ufe  alio  in  tiiis  cafe  another  fort  of 
gliftcr,  not  fo  fliarp,  made  of  the  juice  of  an 
herb  calleii  Oror.-dc  bubo.i,  with  role-leaves, 
two  yolks  of  eggs,  a  little  allom  and  oil  of 
roles.  Some  alio  prevent  that  dangerous 
diftemper,  by  apj^lying  a  luppofuoiy  made 
of  lint,  lleep'd  in  a  new-laid  egg,  beaten 
with  rofe-wai'.r,  llig.ir  and  (erute,  or  white 
lead. 

Head-aches  arc  alio  very  freijuent,  and 
cured  as  on  the  coall  of  Ciiiiiiti. 

To  return  to  thedelcription  of,*;.'.  Tome  ; 
Intiiaii  wheat  grows  there  to  perfedion,  of 
vhieh  they  make  bread,  baking  it  with  fe- 
veral  roots,  el'pecially  potatoes.  Cirapes  ne- 
ver ripen  together  upon  the  f  mic  huneh  ;  bur 
there  are  Ibme  at  a  11  times  of  the  year.  Stone 
fruits  fcldom  or  never  come  to  maturity. 
Maiidwca,  or  Caffabi^'.s  cultivated  as  \n  Bra- 
zii,  but  differs  from  it :  for  befides  itr.  grow- 
ing here  as  big  as  a  man's  leg,  anil  very 
lofty,  it  has  not  that  poifonous  juice  as 
what  grows  there,  and  at  Ati^ola.  Many 
here,  as  well  as  at  Prime's  illand,  make 
bread  of  it,  firll  rafping  and  drying  the  meal 
in  the  air  •,  and  it  is  much  better  food  than 
that  of  Bt^Tzi!  and  /Ingol.i. 

There  are  four  fori s  of  potatoes  of  Bc- 
;;■■.',  /luMerre,  Miii:i-Coni;(>,  and  Safframe, 
all  tranfplanted  thither  from  the  laid  pl.ues. 
The  two  firft  forts  are  tiie  belt,  the  one  lor 
I'weetnels,  tiie  other,  bicaufe  it  will  keep 
lopg  found  and  good. 

The  fruit  call'd  Pefi^of,  grows  on  a  tree 
of  the  lame  name,  and  rclembles  a  calabali 
or  gourd,  covered  with  a  hairy  lubfhuKC, 
ami  is  I'weetand  refrelliing. 

The  Cold  is  the  fame  as  in  Guinea,  and  fo 
very  plentiful,  that  they  export  vafl  quan- 
tities to  L'ldHi'ui  in  /Iiigolii,  all  in  their 
hulk  or  rhind,  which  preferves  it  a  long 
time,  and  is  much  valued  there.  They  alio 
exjort  ihitlii  r  much  palmoil. 

'I'hey  manage  and  cultivate  their  fugar- 
canes,  asin  5/vi.//,  and  the  fugar  illands  of 
Amaud;  but  the  canes  grow  much  biggir 
than  at  any  oftliofc  places,  yet  ilo  not  af- 
ford more  juice  in  projHjrtion.  They  com- 
monly plant  them  in  Jiiiiuarj,  and  cut  them 
down  in  jKiie,  iho'  tome  planters  do  not  ob- 
ferve  that  time  (o  exatHy  ;  fo  that  it  may 
be  laid,  they  make  fugar  moll  part  of  the 
year,  and  there  arc  reckoned  to  be  about 

Vol.   V. 


fixty  fugar-mills  on  the  ifland;  which  all  to-  nARBor. 
gether,  make  every  year  about  fifteen  hun-  i^^i 
dred  tuns  of  brown  fugar, better  than  what  is 
made  at  Prince's  ifland,  whence  they  for- 
merly exported  feven  or  eight  fliips  l.aden  to 
Portugal,  the  Canary  iflands,  and  England^ 
before  thofe  parts  were  fo  plentifully  fup- 
ply'd  from  America.  Some  planters  refine 
a  fmall  quantity,  for  the  ufe  of  the  inhabi- 
tants ;  but  being  much  inferior  to  the  Ma- 
dera fugar,  it  has  little  vent  abroad,  liaving 
a  tafle  of  the  clay  ground,  and  will  hardly 
dry  in  the  moulds,  unlefs  the  parching  fouth- 
eall  winds  blow,  anti  then  will  not  keep 
dry  two  years ;  for  which  realbn  they  have 
Ibme  white  refin'd  fugar  tiom  MiJera  im- 
ported every  year. 

'I'herc  is  great  plenty  of  cotton,  which  Cm/ow. 
the  natives  and  oiher  irlia'oiiants  drel's,  fpin 
and  weave,  into  feveral  forts  of  cloth  ;  the 
fmall  eloths  foi'  Bdcks  I'viv.  of  it,  are  of 
the  fame  lo,  t  .ts  thofc  of  Bemn,  but  not  near 
lo  line  and  good.  Ihey  fend  yearly  great 
quantities  of  them  to  A  gi,a,  where  they 
yield  goodpiolit. 

All  the  afo.Li'.iid  plants,  arc  often  muchrwmi*. 
damag'ii  by  a  fmall  fort  of  green  crabs, 
which  i'warm  all  over  the  country,  and 
breed  under  ground,  like  molts.  The 
woods  and  copices  fwarm  with  innumerable 
multitudes  of  large  flies,  which  fting  :  and 
at  Ibme  times  of  the  year,  there  are  infinite 
great  ants,  which  cat  the  grafs,  and  gnaw 
the  young  lugar-canes ;  but  they  die  when 
the  leafon  isover.  The  rats  alio  do  much 
harm  to  the  fugar-canes. 

I  fliall  now  entertain  the  reader  with  a 
brief  account  of  the  conqucrt  of  this  ifland, 
at  two  feveral  times  ;  tiie  Hates  of  llollami 
being  at  war  with  tlic  crown  oi Siain,  and 
Portugal,  at  that  time  f  ibjedt  to  the  laid 
crown. 

The  firft  expedition  was  under  admiral 
Pie/er  yrrtloes,  or  i'diuier  Does,  in  tlie 
month  of  Nf/vemiier  1610,  with  feventeen 
men  of  war.  That  admiral  ha\'ing  landed 
his  forces  on  the  inaiut,  with  Ibme  artillery, 
took  the  two  forts.  The  one  furn  ndcred  at 
the  firft  fummons  •,  the  other  he  batter'd  tor 
lome  time  with  (tveit  pieces  of  heavy  can- 
non, and  obliged  it  to  yield  :  after  which, 
he  ftormed  the  town,  and  carry M  it;  and  the 
inhabitants  refufing  to  pay  a  ranlbme  of  ten 
thouland  gold  ducats,  demanded  by  the  laid 
admiral,  he  took  out  fome  thouland  chells 
ot  fugar,  a  great  quantity  of  ehphants  teeth, 
with  Ibme  p.ireels  ol  gold  and  wooilen 
cloth,  and  wrought  filks,  twenty-one  pieces 
of  cannon,  tfe.  and  let  fire  to  the  place. 
But  the  A/r/jdid  not  long  enjoy  this  wn- rirjl  inui- 
queft  i  for  Ibon  after  the  country  dillempers/w'i  *>  ''" 
leized  them  in  fuch  m.mncr,  that  above  a '^""^''• 
thouland  Ibkliers  died  ;  as  did  alio  the  admi- 
ral/•'t/v/?t'n  his  vice-admiral  Storm,  and  all 
5  M  the 


1    -  mw 


.i?':'tl 


•I  [111 '  -M 


;.  m 


'.  i    'Pil 


.;  1.1 


i  i  '■  ' 


^rj'"! 


h  hi''  11 


!» 


VI 


'hi 


410 


-^  I  frription  of  the 


Book  IV. 


Barrot  officers  of  the  land-forces,  except  o,.      'ly, 
N^V^  who  obliged  the  reft  to  r:ivagt-  and  r.        " 
the  towns,  fugar-mills,  &r.  and  having    ;i- 
bark'd  all  the  booty  tliey  could  get,  t,    y 
left  the  ifland  in  fuch  dilorder,  that  the  Po. 
tuguefe  wiTc  not,  for  feveral  years,  able  to 
repair  the  damage,  for  want  of  copix-rs,  and 
other  utenfils  and  materials,  to  fi't  up  tlicir 
fiigar-works  again  ;  that  being  then   their 
be(t  revenue, 
2*f/ff»«</.      The  fccond  conqueft  of  tliis  ifland,  was 
made  at  a  time  when  the  crown  o\  Portu- 
gal, having  revolted  from  the  Spanijh  mo- 
narchy,   liai!  actually    conchideii    a    truce 
with  the  ilatcs-gencr  il  of  die  uniicd  provin- 
ces -,  but  it  not  being  yet  made  known  to 
count  M/iufiii;  at  tiiat  time  generalifhmo 
for  the  Dutdj  IFf/l-Imtia  company,  at  Br.i- 
zi/,  where  he  had  fubilu'd  fevcn  provinces, 
or  captiinfliips,  of  fourteen  tiiere  ire  in  lira- 
2,7,   he  only  lufpeding  tliat  tlie  tieaiy  was 
on  toot;  and  being  dcfirous  to  augment  tiie 
/);f/i7i  eonquelfs,  in  /Ifiua,  that  what  they 
Ihould  gain  by  force  of  arms  miglit  remain 
to  them,  after  the  eoncKifion  of  a  peaci-,  or 
truce;  and  being  fenfible  ot  the  great  im- 
portance ot  the  flaves  trade  ihePorli/gueii-  had 
at   .Inzolii,  and  Guinea ;  lent  from  Hrazi!, 
admiral  Jol,  or  fk:itehpen,  diredlly  to  //»- 
,i,"^/rt,  with  a  fquadion  of  twenty-one  men  of 
war,  two  thouland  two  hundred  land-men, 
and  nine  hundred  fea-men,  in  order  to  d:f- 
[lolfefs  the  Portiigiii'fe  of  the  city  and   forts 
of  Loaiida  lie  Si.  Paolo,  their  chief  place  in 
the   kingdom  of  Angola,  foutii  of  that  of 
Congo  ;  and  to  put  that  trade  into  the  hands 
of  the  Dutch  IVijl- India  company  ;    and 
ihence  to  conc]uer   the  ifle  of  Si.  Tome,  in 
theguit  o^  Guinea,  if  it  were  prafticable. 

According  to  thefe  inftruftions,  admiral 
Jol  having  for  his  vice-admiral  'James  iliii- 
ilcron,  on  the  thirtieth  ot  May  1640,  fail'd 
with  his  fleet  from  Brazil,  to  Ijoanda  de  St. 
Pao'o  at  //n^ola  ;  being  in  tlie  fime  dtgrce 
ot  louth  latitude  in  Africa,  as  is  Fernambuco 
ill  Brazil. 

Theconqueft  the  Dutch  made  in  Anjrola, 
cc^  them  only  an  inconfiderable  fight :  lor 
fiinder/hn  had  no  fooner  got  tbotirg  in  the 
ifle  of  Loanda,  but  he  marched  with  his 
little  army  to  the  city  of  St.  Paolo,  tho' 
feited  on  a  long  mountain,  and  iletended 
by  fixfmall  forts  and  redoubts;  beful.is  the 
ielliits  and  capuchins  convents,  which  were 
capable  ot  refiftance.  Whereupon  the  natives 
came  to  the  airillance  of  the  town  ;  but 
were  totally  defeated  by  Ilinderjbii,  as  were 
alfo,  afterwarils,  the  Purtuguefe  forces,  led 
by  Pedro  C.ei'ar  de  Menefes,  governour  of  Z,o- 
nnda  ;  the  Dutch  cutting  molt  of  vhein  in 
pieces,  on  the  twenty-fourth  of  Augnjl  : 
which  put  the  town  into  fuch  a  eoniler- 
■  ation,  that  the  P»r/«ifw^/' quitted  it.  The 
HoHaiiucn  entring  the  city,  found  nobodj' 


there,  but  fome  foldiers  quite  drunk,  and 
a  few  decrepit  old  men,  who  had  not 
ftrength  enough  to  get  away  with  the  other 
inhabitants. 

The  Dutch  found  a  confiderable  booty, 
confifting  of  twenty-nine  brafs,  and  fixty- 
ninc  iron  guns;  a  vaft  quantity  of  warlike 
ammunition,  and  provifions  ;  and  thirty 
Portiiguefe  fliips  that  were  then  in  the  har- 
bour. 

Admiral  Jol  immediately  ordered  tin- 
town  to  be  fortify'd,  with  new  regular 
works;  and  to  erert  a  new  large  citaii'l 
with  two  other  forts,  tor  the  delenee  antl 
prelervation  of  theiity  :  which  to  furpnzM 
the  former  Portuguefe  governour,  AleneUf, 
who  at  firll  thought  the  llotLh:den  had  no 
other  defign,  than  to  get  a  rieli  booty,  and 
lb  to  withdraw  from  Aiiy^-.-.i ;  tint  he  com- 
plain'd  thereof  10  7"/.  alleiliiiiig  tiie  truce 
newly  contented  to  by  th,:  King  oi  /'or/;.. 
gil,  and  the  ltates-gener:M  ;  by  wliicli  all 
palt  coiitells  and  ililfermces  betwixt  the 
two  nations,  were  ceai'd,  and  the  two  na- 
tions lookeii  upon  one  another  .is  allies.  To 
which  Jo:  rejilyM,  l:e  knew  of  the  l.ue  re- 
volution in  Poiliigul  ;  but  that  he  had  not 
yet  heard  of  any  truce  betwixt  liis  ni.i- 
flers  and  the  new  king  :  befides,  that  it 
feem'd  to  him,  the  town  of  Loanda  ftill 
held  for  the  king  oi  Spain,  fince  the  go- 
vernour had  oppos'd  his  defcent  by  open 
force,  infliead  of  treating  the  Hollanders  as 
allies. 

Thus  the  city  of  5/.  Paolo,  and  the  ifland 
oi'  Loanda,  were  polfefs'd  by  the  Hollanders, 
till  on  the  twenty- iirft  of  Aiig/tji  164S, 
they  were  obliged  to  quit  it  to  the  Poriii- 
guefe  again,  by  a  fpecial  capitulation  (ign'd 
the  twenty-fourth  of  the  fame  month. 

To  return  to  Jol  ;  after  he  had  given  the 
necelfary  orders  for  tiie  defence  and  pre- 
fervation  of  the  ifla.nd  and  c  ity  of  Loaml.i 
de  St.  Paolo,  and  left  there  a  competent 
force  ;  he  I'ail'd  with  the  at'orefaid  t'quadron, 
to  the  expedition  againil  the  itland  Si.  Tcmr, 
confidering  that  the  realon  of  war  woulil 
remain  in  force  till  the  truce,  betwixt  tJK 
crown  of  Portugal  and  the  llates-general, 
were  duly  publiflicd  :  ami  relolvedto  re 
duce  that  ifland,  which  had  been  formerly 
fubduM  by  admiral  I'an.ler  Doe>,  as  lias 
lieen  related  above,  and  npoflels'd  again 
by  tiie  Portuguefe. 

Jol  being  arrived  there,  landed  his  for 
ces,  at  a  place  near  whicli  is  a  fugar-mill, 
and  call'd  St.  Anna,  about  two  leagues 
from  the  chief  town  of  the  ifland  ;  and  v 
the  fime  time  caufed  the  fqu.idron  to  ad- 
vance to  within  (liot  of  the  caftlc  of  St. 
SehnjHaH,  ordering  his  men  to  commit  no 
hortilities  unlets  the  enemy  Ix-gan. 

The  natives  could  not  Tuibear  firing  at 
the  Dutch  ;  .ind  were  immediately  followed 

1-v 


m\ 


BooKlV.  I  Chap.  n.        Coafls  <>/ South-Guinea. 


ilrunk,  and 

0  had    not 
th  the  other 

■able  booty, 

,  and  fixty- 

y  o\  warliKc 

and    thirty 

1  in  the  har- 

ordered  the 
new  reiji;iil,ir 
,irgc  citad'l 
dcient'c  anu 
1  to  llirpnz'ii 
iiir,  MnieUi, 
uhii  had  no 
\\  booty,  and 
th.it  he  com- 
ng  tho  truce 
in;.',  (i;  /'»'■.'.■■- 
by   which  ;ill 

betwixt  the 
1  t'.ie  two  n:.- 
■is  allies.  To 
[)i  the  lite  re- 
It  he  had  not 
n\%i  his  nu- 
;fides,  that  it 
f  Loaiuii  ft  ill 
fince  the  go- 
fcent  by  open 

Ihllandcn  as 

and  rhe  ifland 
he  llollandcri, 
Aupijl  164S, 
to  the  rorlu- 
iil.ition  fign'd 

month, 
had  given  thf 
nee    and  pn- 
ty  of  Louii/iii 

a  competent 
r.iidrquadrnn, 
,iiid  Si.  Ti,mi\ 
1)1  war  would 
betwixt  the 
llites-general, 

folved  to  re- 
ibecn  formerly 

Doe<,    as  has 
oIklsVl  again 

Lnded  his  for 
a  iugar-mill, 

I  two    leagues 
bnd  ;  and  at 

liadron  to  ad- 
caftle  of  St. 

|o  commit  no 

Jgan. 

lear  firing  at 

Itdy  foU.)w<d 


by  the  Portuguefi,  who  made  a  terrible  fire 
on  the  Dulcb  fhips  from  the  fort  ;  which 
fet  one  of  them  in  flames  in  fo  violent  a 
manner,  that  all  the  Hollanders  aboard  pe- 
rifh'd  ill  the  conflagration. 

Jol  having  routed  the  Blacks  afhore, 
caufed  his  forces  to  march  towards  the  for- 
trefs,  which  was  very  ill  provided  both 
with  men  and  ammunition,  and  had  but 
eight  guns  fit  forfervice.  He  att.ickcd  it  with 
mu^h  bravery  -,  but  the  walls  being  thirty- 
eight  foot  high,  and  the  Dutch  not  provi- 
ded with  fcaling-Iadders,  they  were  forced 
to  retire  with  a  confiderablc  lofs  of  men  •, 
and  marched  to  the  town,  which  had  no 
defence,  nor  people  to  make  any  rcfilLince, 
the  inhabitants,  and  even  the  garrit'on  be- 
in"  tied  into  the  country  at  their  approacii  : 
lb' tli.it  the /)/r/i/j  immediately  took  poll'cf- 
fion  of  it. 

Then  they  returned  10  attack  the  great 
fort,  regularly;  and  by  means  of  a  battery 
of  fix  great  guns,  tired  day  and  night  on 
;.,  forced  tiie  girrilon  to  cijiirulate,  and  to 
leave  them  thirty-fix  pieces  of  cannon,  and 
;i  vaff  c^Liantity  of  ammunition-,  but  fcarce 
any  provifions. 

This  dorie,  Jol  fummoned  all  the  Portu- 
qiirfe  inhabitants  into  the  town,  to  treat 
with  them  about  the  manner,  how  they 
ftiou'd  acknowledge  the  ftates-general. 

Some  few  days  after,  the  country  difca- 
fes  began  to  loread  among  the  Dutch  army, 
in  fuch  a  drea  iful  nanner,  that  a  great 
number  of  thi  ijldiers  being  dead,  and 
among  them  J  ,  their  admiral,  with  fix 
of  the  chief  otfucrs  ;  he  was  burietl  in  the 
cathedral,  with  all  the  magnificence  and 
pomp,  ufed  at  the  funerals  of  tiie  greatell 
"cnerals.  He  was  a  man  altogether  unpo- 
lith'd  •,  but  indef:ili;vii)le,  and  bold  to  ex- 
cels, in  the  greatclt  .mil  moll  dangeious 
attempts. 

7o/'s  expeditions  in  .Ifrua,  were  followed 
by  another,  which  count  MjiOKe  under- 
took in  the  northern  part  ol  Br,iz:l,  at  the 
iiitlanc  ■  of  the  duvi^tors  of  the  Dutch  l-f^fjl- 
lul.i  lompany,  to  wliom  the  laptainlliijis 
of  Muiiinbao,  or  Maragiuin,  had  been 
reprefented  as  a  country  very  healthy,  and 
fertile  in  fugar,  cotton,  ginger,  tobacco, 
t'alt,  and  gokl  mines  •,  and  very  conveni- 
ently fitiiated,  for  annoying  from  thence 
tiie  Lrcwiiid  and  CinW'tv  iflands,  and  all 
the  other  itlands  of  the  gulph  of  iVltxno. 

The  count  accordingly  committed  that 
expedition  to  admiral  Liefjlart,  and  colo- 
nel Coine,  both  of  them  very  exficrt  men 
in  warlike  and  marine  affairs. 

They  failed  thither  with  eight  men  of 
war  and  fix  tranfports,  in  the  month  of 
O'lokr,  and  immediately  feized  the  ifle  of 
Marngnati,  and  the  town  of  St.  Lews,  and 
afterwards  the  whole  province,  without  any 


411 

refiftance  made  by  the  Portuguefe,  And  thus  Barbot. 
of  fourtcenfuchcaptainfhips  into  whichSrozi/U^V^ 
is  divided,  feven  were  under  the  Dutch  go- 
vernment, about  the  latter  end  of  the  year 
1 641  ;  but  fome  time  after,  thefe  three, 
Afaragnan,  Siari  and  Scregi/fe  revolted, 
and  the  illand  Si.  Tome  in  Guinea  foon  foU 
lowed  their  example. 

Annobo.'j    IsI.AN'I). 
'T'JIF.  ifland  Aimohon  ^a^  fo  called  hy  situxtUn. 

the  Portuguefe,  on  account  of  its  being 
dik.overed  on  the  firfl  day  of  the  year  1471. 
It  lies  in  one  degree  forty-five  minutes  of 
louth  latitude,  and  twenty  fix  degrees  of 
longitude  call ;  thirty-nve  or  fix  le.igues 
no:rh  north-eafl,  and  louth  fouth-welt  of 
Si.  Tome ;  and  filty-eight  leagues  weft  fouth- 
weil:  of  cape  Lo/e  (joiizuhes  j  and  apjiears 
otF  at  fea,  as  is  reprelciued  in  the  print.       '''  *"  ^^" 

It's  about  five  leagues  in  length  from 
north  to  fouth  ;  and  about  five,  and  in  o- 
tl:er  places  four  leagues  or  lels  broad  ■,  the 
Kind  lull  as  high  as  St.  Toi/u;  round  as  if 
it  were  only  one  large  mountain,  and,  like 
it,  almolf  always  covereil  with  a  thick 
mill.  About  it  are  feveral  rocks  and 
Jhoals  off  at  fea,  wiiich  iiiufl:  lie  well 
looked  to,  in  making  tlie  ifland.  One  of 
thofe  rocks  at  the  north  end,  is  called 
Porio  Ilh,o,  that  is,  the  }X)rt  ot  the  ifle,  being 
afandybay,  facing  the  nort!i-eall ;  the  an- 
choring place  at  twenty-five  tatliom  water, 
good  ground,  about  an  h/iglijh  mile  from 
Ihore :  the  tide  thereabouts  from  March 
to  Scl'teinhrr,  lets  fwiftly  from  fouth,  and 
the  winds  moftly  fouth- weft  and  weft  fouih- 
weft. 

There  is  another  road  for  flips  at  the 
north-weft  part  of  the  ifland,  '  ..nriy  ;  vo 
fathom  water;  but  full  ot  flio.ils  and  rocks. 
/Innol/oii  is  retorted  to  by  a  great  num- 
ber of  Ihips  eveiy  ye.ir,  as  will  thoJe  that 
have  been  trading  at  the  coift  of  (Uiinca, 
as  thofe  bound  to  Aagoli,  and  even  tor  tiie 
liajl-hiiiics,  that  have  talleii  below  the 
gulpli  ol  Ciuini'ii,  which  \y.\'.  in  there  lor 
retrefliments  and  provifion.  -,  being  an 
ifland  prcxligioufly  llockM  wiiii  cattle  and 
fruits,  tar  beyond  the  oilier  /'.5/VHt;«(7fiflands 
ot  I  he  gulph  tor  its  bigiiel>.  In  the  year 
I  605, fome  ouiward-boiiiKl  E^ijl- hulia  Dutch 
lliips  were  forced  thithei  i,y  the  ftrong  tides, 
in  their  way  to  the  hnjl- Jiulirs,  it  being 
then  inhabited  by  only  two  Foituitieie 
families,  cultivating  tiie  ifland  with  about 
two  hundred  flavis  ;  but  in  procels  of  time 
increaled  to  thirty  or  tony  families  of  jilan 
ters,  each  having  a  certain  number  of  Haves, 
more  or  lets,  to  ciiliivaie  their  reljietlive 
plantations:  overall  whom  is  a  I'l-fugueje 
governor,  but  tiicli  a  one,  as  will  m.ikc 
no  dirticulty  to  receive  ,in  alms  of  a  crown, 
if  tender'd  him.       I'he  inhabit, mts  arc  in''''"*'" 

kuh 


fvit 


m  .1;' 


111  ?'•' 

It 


!"!( 


f  I 


i:i  ■ !  •• 


/if'' 


'mi  r: 


i-ni 


''mm'  I 


I  / 


,r:  :i^ 


412 


y^  Defcription  of  the 


Book  IV 


Barrot  fuch  a*r  of  him,  that  they  are  ready  on 
^''V^'  the  leall  provocation  to  break  his  head  : 
tor,  being  only  fteward  to  a  Portugui-fe 
gentleman,  to  whom  the  ifland  belongs,  to 
colieit  a  third  of  ail  the  planters  cattle, 
fruit  and  income  i  he  fleeces  them  as  mucli 
as  he  can,  which  renders  him  odious  to 
tlie  inhabitants:  who,  on  the  other  hind, 
art-  generally  a  parcel  of  Biiuk  villains,  not 
to  be  truilcd,  on  any  account,  tho'  they 
.   bear  liie  name  of  chridians,  tiieir  religion 


fmall  matter,  or  for  all  forts  of  old  linnen 
and  woollen  rags. 

Wood  and  water  is  eafily  got,  vjry  cheap, 
and  in  what  quantity  we  delire  ;  as  alio 
plenty  of  tamarinds,  which  is  an  excellent 
prefervative  againft  the  fcurvy,  and  a  fort 
ot  finall  nuts,  cali'd  by  tiic  t'n-ncb,  Nois  dc 
vieJitine. 

'I'hn  hills  furiuHi  thi;  illand  ail  round  wiih 
many  r'vers  and  toinnts  of  good  frelli  wa 
tcr  running  down  to  tlie  tea.     Thole  hills 


being  but  an  empty  name  ;    bcfides,  tliat    arc  lb  dilpos'd,  and  fo  well  planted  and  cu 


they  arc  defcended  from  thole  flaves,  the 
Portii^iiffc  tranfpianted  thitlier  in  tlie  be- 
ginning of  tiie  colony. 

Tiicir  women  are  no  better  temper'd, 
and  generally  very  re-idy  to  debaucli  our 
fca-ineni  tho'  few  of  tlieni,  unlcfs  naturally 
very  leud,  will  be  lb  depravM  and  brutifli, 
as  to  meddle  with  thofe  frightful  and  ill- 
tavourM  jades. 

All  thole  people  are  under  the  fpiritual 
rare  of  fome  Poitngtiei'e  capuchin  fryars : 
their  churches  arc  very  handlbme,  and  large 
enough  lor  thrice  the  number  of  peo[)le. 

The  greatefl  number  of  the  inlanders  in- 
habit a  large  village,  oppofitc  to  the  road, 
which  is  lenccd  round  with  an  earthen  coiir- 


tivated  half  way  up,  as  i  laid  above,  that 
they  aft'oril  a  pie.ifuit  |)rol'|H ft  every  way  -, 
which,  together  with  the  great  frrtiliiy  ol 
the  foil,  and  the  variety  ol  animals  am;  tViiiis 
found  thereon,  at  all  time- of  the  year,  ilo 
much  recommend  it  to  travellers  for  a  line 
idand. 

The  inliahiiaiir.  tell  us,  that  on  tlif 
higheft  mountain  there  is  a  lake  of  frefli 
and  fwcet  water  ;  about  which,  the  air  is  ex- 
tremely told,  and  fome  parts  continually 
cover'tl  with  liiow. 

The  Dutch  pollels'd  this  ifland  for  a  whili 
iluring  their  war,  with  Porn(g.il ;  but  could 
not  keep  ii  long,  the  B'jiki  having  fled  to 
the  hilly  parts  of  it,  which  are  almolUriac- 


tin,    containing  about  an  hundred  or  more  cefTible  to  Europc.ti'^  ;  and  from  thence  lb 

ilraw-houfes,  befides   fome  of  wood  and  gali'd  them,  that  they  were  oblig'd  to  quit 

planks  for  the  white  Pornigue/e,  it  on  that  very  account. 

The  Blacks  there  wear  only  a  clout  about        It  is  rrquifite  in  failing  from  Aiiiiobon  to 

their  midille  ;  and  the  women  nurfe  their  the  weftward,  the  winds  being  the  bell  part 

children  as  they  do  in  Guinea,  and  fubfift  of  the  year  at  fouth-wcft,  and  fouth-fouth 


moftly  upon  hunting,   filhing,    rice,   and 
Maiuncca. 

The  air  ^.t/limobon  is  notfo  unwholefome 
as  at  St.  Tome  \  tho'  it  be,  as  I  ha>'e  ob- 
ferv'd  already,  for  the  moll  part  cover'd 
with  a  thick  mift,  probably  proceeding 
from  the  fime  caufe,  as  has  been  hinted  to 
oc(  ifion  that  which  overfpreads  the  tbrmcr. 
The  pl,iins.ire  all  tilled,  and  halfway  up 
the  hills,  as  far  as  the  ground  has  proved 
good,  which  is  really  very  fertile  1  rho'  to 
iook  at  from  below,  it  feems  very  dry  and 
barren. 

It  is  all  over  planted  w'fh  cocos,  oranges, 
lemmons,  bananas,  b;."  tv 'ns,  palm-trees, 
and  feveral  others,  as  conimonly  fcen  in 
GiiUk-a  ;  whofe  fruits  are  all  plentiful,  and 
as  cheap  or  cheaper  than  at  Prince's  ifland, 
t'/r,  .m  hundred  coco-nuLs,  a  crown  ;  a 
thoufand  of  oranges  or  lemmons,  a  trown  ; 
and  other  fruit  in  pro^xirtion. 

There  are  in  the  woods  wild  boars,  deer, 
wild  and  tame  goats,  herons  black  and 
white,  and  feveral  other  forts  of  birds ;  and 
about  the  idand,  the  fca  furnifhes  them  with 
abundance  of  all  fbris  of  good  fifh,  and 
oifters. 

Hogs,  flieep,  goats,  ehiekens,  and  pi- 
geons are  to  be  had  in  great  quantilies  for  a 


well,  to  make  long  trips,  till  you  get  into 
three  degrees  of  fouth  latitude,  where  infal- 
libly you  find  the  fbuth-eafl  and  fouth-fouth- 
eafl  winds,  which  will  carry  you  a  great  way '-'''••'"• 
to  wcflward  :  tl  0'  I  have  heard  of  Ibme  fhips, ''"  '"■' 
that  being  bound  from  .Imuboii ior  tfic  (iold- 
C-jaft  of  Guinea,  in  Seftr-ifihr^  failed  conti- 
nually along  under  the  line,  \Mtlie)ut  incli- 
ning a  degree  either  low.iul,  the  fbuth  or 
north  -,  and  inltead  of  meetiiic  with  a  violent 
heat  there,  on  the  contrary  found  it  lo  cold, 
that  tho'  the  men  were  well  (hul,  they  eould 
fcarce  bear  it,  notwithflaiuiing  the  lun  in 
that  month  palfes  the  line,  and  isexadly  per- 
pendicular over- head.  The  re.ilbn  whereof, 
as  has  been  experienced  by  men  who  luve 
made  many  voyages  thither  at  that  time 
of  the  year,  is,  that  then  it  is  always  thick 
weather,  and  a  (litf  gale,  which  prevents 
men  from  feeling  the  heat  of  the  fun  ;  a 
truth  which  I  have  experienced  myfelf,  in 
the  months  of  M'irch  and  Jpiil,  when  lour 
feveral  times  Ipafled  the  equinoifti.d  line,  to 
and  fro,  in  my  return  from  Cuima  ;  and 
have  ktn  our  lurgeon-major  ufc  a  inuli  in 
the  night-time. 

The  reafbn  why  the  air  feems  fb  cokl,  I 
ain  apt  to  believe,  is,  that  havin;^  1  ii  lb 
many  months  together  under  a  lio.,:;'- 


BookIV.  I  Chap.  U.         Coafls  of  South-Guinea, 


4n 


'  old  linnni 

wry  chwp, 

re  ;  as  alio 

in  excellent 

and  .1  fort. 

icb,  Noii  cU 

1  round  will) 
)d  t'relh  wa- 
Thole  hilU 
itcd  and  ciil- 
abovf,  thai 
iveiy  way  -, 
t  ti-niliiy  ol 
Us  am!  tViiits 
JiL'  year,  do 
rs  tor  a  line 

:hAt    on  til? 

ike  ot  livlh 

the  air  iscx- 

continually 

.1  for  a  while 

;  but  could 
.iviny;  fled  to 

almoll  itiao 
m  thence  lb 
ilig'd  to  quit 

\  Aiiiwhon  to 
the  beil  part 
ibuth-fouih- 
you  get  into 

where  intal- 
fouth-fouth- 

agreat  ^vayC^•/'.-. 
^omelhips,''"'"■' 
tor  the  <.iold- 

ailcd  conti- 

thoiit  incli- 
the  foiith  or 

ilh  a  violi-nt 

id  it  locold, 

,  they  lOiild 
the  Inn  in 

cxattly  per- 

Ton  whereof, 

11  who  have 

It  that  time 

ilways  thick 

ich  prevents 
the  fun  i    a 
inyfeir,  in 
when  lour 

dlial  line,  to 

iiuiruit ;  and 

e  a  muli'  in 


/, 


lO  cold,    I 


a  !.■ 


:,    (r. 


air  along  the  coaft  of  Gitiiifn,  ami  coming 
oil  a  fiidden  into  an  o[x;n  air,  where  we 
have  continual  Irefli  gales,  it  is  not  fiirpri- 
fiiig  that  our  bodies  are  fo  pinched  with  it, 
as  to  make  us  fay,  it  is  extremely  cold  ; 
tho'  perhaps,  were  it  poiTible  to  traiifport 
any  jurfon  in  an  inftant  horn  Europe, 
into  that  latitude,  he  would  find  the  air  very 
hot ;  when  we,  coming  from  Gutnca,  fay  it 
is,  ani.1  really  feel  it  very  cold. 

I  pomifed  fome  fivv  general  remarks  on 
the  ilittercnce  I  have  obfervcd,  between  thj 
E'l^li/l',  l''r<>tJ.>,  I'ortiigiti'ff  and  Diiirh charts, 
of  the  mart  of  the  gulpli  of  Guiiiai:  which 
are  .i-  Ibllow. 

Difference  li'lujcen  Charts. 

BF.tween  t!ic  Coaft  i)f  .Inlra  and  Rio  d<l 
R.v,  the  l'".'i{^ii'[i}  chart,  made  by 
f|ii.'cial  order  ol  thi  former  kings  of  Purln^i!.', 
as  I  have  hinted  before,  places  a  laige  .'!>- 
ihi.'cUt^';  of  near  fifty  ifiands,  great  and 
fnill,  mortly  in  a  double  range,  along  the 
coalls  of  Benin,  O.vivirii',  l-'oic  ulu,  and  fo 
or.  more  eailerly  to  Nnu  Calar.ir  river  -, 
whieh  ii  very  ililFerent  from  all  the  other 
.•li,)ve  PK'iition'd  Kwo.'wni  maps,  who  men- 
tion only  a  few  illaadson  all  the  above  men- 
iioiiM  coall?,  and  l.iy  them  down  b^'twixt 
the  coalt  of  /li-Jr.i  and  Rw  I'ermcio,  in  R;:- 
r/vi ,  and  none  at  all  trom  the  laid  river  b'er- 
nn:o  to  Neiv  Cn'.ahar  river. 

However,  fince  we  find  there  are  many 
large  or  fmall  rivers  in  this  extent  of  coaft, 
which  fall  into  the  ocean,  at  fevcral  di- 
(Vanres  from  each  other  •,  and  fince  we  are 
inlorm'd  by  the  native  Blacks,  at  fcveral 
places,  that  thofe  fevcral  rivers  have  a  com- 
munication within  the  land,  by  their  fevcral 
hranches  running  from  one  into  the  other; 
in  tl'.is  manner  the  Portu^uefe  may  be  fup- 
•  o-iM  in  the  right,  to  reprefent  thofe  coarts 
;t'l  along  cut  through  into  inany  iflands  as 
ill  y  do.  But  then  allowing  it  to  be  lb,  as  I 
.'.ni  Very  apt  to  believe  it  ,  yet  thofe  feveraj 
lar-"  or  fmall  iflands  are  no  farther  ilillant 
from  the  main,  and  from  one  another,  than 
the  ordin.iry  breadth  of  the  inland  branches 
of  tiiole  rivers,  which  cannot  be  well  lup- 
p-jb'd  to  be  ..bove  a  mile  or  two  over  at 
mofl.  It  mufl  therefore  be  a  miftake  in 
the  Pomiguefe,    to   reprefent  thofe  fcveral 


iflands  in  their  maps,  feparated  as  they  do.  Bar  nor. 
Ibme  eight,  Ibme  ten,  ami  fome  twelve  v^V^' 
leagues  dirtance  from  the  oppofite  continent  ; 
as,  more  cipecially,  they  reprefent  thofe 
feldown  tlicrc,  about  that  part  of  the  an- 
gular coalt,  next  cajie  Feimofo,  the  coall 
there  turning  fliort  from  north-well  to 
call  :  where  alio  it  takes  no  fort  of  notice 
of  that  famous  promontory's  name,  and 
makes  that  part  of  the  coaft  which  is 
tlie  cape  h'ermofo,  to  extend  to  five  degrees 
of  north  latitude  ;  whereas  by  the  genera- 
lity of  the  obfervations  of  modern  Eufopcan 
travellers,  this  cape  lies  ixaftly  in  four 
degrees  ten  minutes  north,  as  was  mentioned 
before,  in  the  defcription  thereof. 

Another  miftake  in  the  Portt'guefe,  i.s 
very  grofs,  nor  only  in  the  fhape  and  forin 
tliey  give  to  Rio  lira',  whiJi  is  New  Ca- 
!ii''.!r  \\vLi-,  fo  veiy  tliir^reiU  from  the  nev.- 
draught  ol  it,  i;ifeii'-d  ':.  t:ij  iup[ileiricnt  to 
this  vohiiiie  ;  which  v. is  taken  with  all  {xil- 
fible  exadtnel's  in  the  year  1699,  as  is  there 
expreffed  :  but  alio  in  ti.is,  tiiat  from  cape 
Irrmoj'j  to  the  faid  ri/c  Km!,  they  take 
notice  of  Four  rivers  only,  viz.  to  begin 
from  the  fiid  cape  at  e.ill,  Rio  ilc  S.  Benio., 
Rw  (k  S.  Thiifonfo,  Rio  tk-  S.  Burluir.i,  and 
Rio  Requenn;  and  this  laft  thev  I'eprefent  nor 
properly  as  a  river,  but  as  a  little  bay 
or  bulging  in  an  iftantl ;  whereas  it  is  cer- 
tain t'-  -e  are  feven  rivers,  at  a  dil'^-'.nce 
from'  .•  .  jthcr,  all  cf  them  running  clown 
from  the  inland  country  of  the  continent 
into  the  ocean,  through  vifible  channels  or 
mouths,  as  reprefented,.  an^l  particularly 
named,  in  the  faid  new  draut'lu  of  Rio 
Real. 

Nor  dqcs  the  Portiig:ir/<-  map  take  the 
lead  notice  of  the  ihrcj  high  iflands  of 
Ambozes,  fituate  between  Rio  del  Rry,  and 
Rio  de  Camarones,  nor  of  the  little  ifland 
Bnitua,  lying  dole  to  the  continent  of  the 
gulph,  oppofite  caftward  to  Lh.!  de  Fcriiando 
P(i,  near  the  river  Bjiea,  or  J.i  B:rea, 
Which  gives  us  ground  enough  to  think, 
that  nation  was  not  thoroughly  informed  of 
the  true  pofition  of  the  coaft  of  the  gulph 
of  Guinea,  at  thj  time  their  map  was 
drawn,  or  that  the  draughtlmen  made  it 
barely  on  the  credit  of  perfons,  who  were 
in  an  error  as  to  iliofe  particiilars. 


CHAP.    Xil. 


Cvntains  a  Vocahtihny  of  the  priticipal  languages  fpokcn  on  the  coaft 
^' Guinea i  hcttri,  thofe  qf  the  G^\o^%,  the  Foulles,  the  Gold  Coaft,  and 


of  Fi'ia  a/id  Ardra. 

I  Come  now  to  the  Vocabulary,  of  fome 
of  the  moft  familar  words  and  phrafes 
of  the  languages   of  the  Geloffs,  the  FoulU's, 
the  GoldCofifl,  I'ida  and  Ardra. 
Vol.  V. 


It  commences  with  the  two  principal  lan- 
guages, molt  ufed  in  the  maritime  parts  of 
A'o;  th  Guinea  ;  the  Gekffs  and  Foulles  dwel- 
ling betwixt  the  rivers  Senega  and  Gamlia, 
5  N  pro- 


^ 


i  i  !■'« '? 


V\ 


l:.'-  :' 


s;iHiii  ii: 


i[  " 


11! 


.\h;  '. 


i^r> 


'  I, 


■*. ' 


'i\:  ■'■■.:i<i 

•wfe 


1 

m 

HP 

f^g^v 

l^^^wi 

IS^^Mtfl 

IBlwffl 

iMHrf 

Hi 

IB!; 

H.' 


1;U 


414 


yi  Defer iption  of  the 


'  Book  IV.  I  Chap. 


DAnrnrprocicds    to    that    which    is    mod    ufed  ci.ilion  or  tiie    Englipj  alpli.ihtt  may   caui;. 

'at  the  Gold  Co/ijl,  and  ends  with  that  wl.icii  (ome  difliciilty  to  render  tiu'  proniinci.ition 

is  common  to  Ihla  and  /Intra.  as  inti.-lii{;ililc  to  the  natives  of  thole  dilFc. 

I  would  have  added,  that  of  the  filuabes-  rent  countries,  as  it  i^,  when  Ipoken   by  ^ 

AfM/«o«,  who  inhabit  the  banks  ot.A;wi'(y?rc,  Frciich-tmn  ;  aeioiding  to  wiiolc  proniin- 

and  the  (ircunijaci.nt  territories  -,  but  that  I  ciation  I  writ  this  Vocabulary.—  I  bccia 

have  loll  that  paper;  only  I  Tear  thepronun-  with  tlic  numbers.  • 


I'.nglifli. 


one 

Ili'O 

ibrci 

four 

jivt 

fix 

ihrn 

rigb! 

nine 

ten 

Hi-!vi 

thutci-n 

fouricot 

fnan 

fixicen 
frccntcen 

tiinctccn 

l:cr>:t^ 
/:cv«/v  one 
tlrity 
fori^ 
fh 


G.loffs, 
for  Zan^ua}:) 
ben 
yaare 

yanet 
yuerom 
jjuerom-bcn 
guerom  yaare 
giierom-ytt 
guerom- yanet 
foiuk 

foutkak-ben 
fouck  ak-yaare 
fouck-ak  yet 
I'ouck-ak  yanrt 
fouckak-guerom 
fouck-ak-guerom- 
brn 


FotilUs. 

goo 

didy 

taty 

naye 

guieve 

guie-goo 

guie-diily 

giiie-iaty 

giiie-nay 

lappo 

ia|ipoe-p;oo 

r.ipixie-didy 

fappo.:-laty 

fapjioe-naye 

fa['j:;)e-giiicvc 


>  lappoc-guie-goo 

fouck-ac-guerom-  7  <-        «       „  r  i 
yaare  j- fappoe-guie-didy 

{■  lappoc-guie-taty 

>  fappo-g'iie-nay 


h  vc>:ly 

eighty 

niitely 

cm  buvdred 

tr^o  hundred 
three  hundred 
a  thou'dnd 
one  thoufand  and 
liventy 


} 


ya, 
fouck-ak-guerom- 

yet 
fouck-ak-guerom- 

yana 
nitte 
nitte-ak-bcn 
fonoair 
yaner-toucke 
guerom-foucke 
guerom-bena- 

foucke 
guerom- yaare- 

foucke 
guerom-yet- 

foucke 
guerom-yanct- 

foucke 
temer  fioi  tcme- 

rack-bcn,  &c 
yaare-temcr 
yet-tcmcr 
"Unc 


gune-ak-nirte,  &c. 

N,  B.  So  ak  is  ad- 
ded in  joining  of  any 
two  numbers,  as  ive 
exjrefs  it  by  the  mo- 
no fy  II  able  and. 


foppo 
foppoe-goo 
noggah 
chapandetaty 


this  is  loft 


tetnedere 


Gold  Cvajl. 

biaccou 

.(l)bicn 
abbiala 
aiinan 
anno',1 
aflla 
all)  in 
ock  '  (If 
at  kounou 
cildoii 

edd()ll-l)i  liTO'l 

t'lklou-aliii  M 
eddou  al)i.ill'.i 
cddou-aniian 
eiKioii-.iuii  .a 

eddou-alTu 

cddou-afToun 

tddou-oi-k-luic 

eddoa-acknounou 

addounou 

addouiiou-biaccou 

addou-nadlin 

addou-annan 

addou-cnou 

addou-clTia 

addou-alfoun 

adtiouockue 

addou-ackounou 
Ofh-ka 


Fida  and  Ardra, 

, ,  (in  common.) 
eikle 

ouwe 

oton 

Iiene 

atons 

trcpi) 

lion-hov; 

tiotoii 

ticiie 

aliKvay 

liove-reijjii-) 

liDvco  :we 

hovcotuiis 

lu)\^-inc 

fotoii 

loton-rcpo 

loton-ovc 

foton-oton 

foton-ene 

cou 

cou-non  gui-rcpo 

olun  I  }i  eb»)i  (jiiirt 


ceiiri  J41  cinriijiiirt 


j. 


och-kaabbien 
och-ka-abialTa 


temedere-didy 
tcmedere-taty 
temedere-fiippo,  &c.  appiem 

temcdcrc- foppo,  &c 


I'/jfy  Jo  mt  rickm  tnihit 
than  .^o.anjfo  JotJilu 
a>id  ai  ihr)  rrchn  alt 
thillgl  by  l)oi):il,  f(.(y 
ihriJii  40  bivik-s  in  i 
jirir,^,   .vkl    iLt   ihr, 

liime  to  niwiiiir  i)  -o- 
qucs,  (II J  J 


1  toque,  ccnrc 
1  toquc!,  cen-o',e 

3  toqucj,  cen-oto:i 

4  totjiR-i,  ccn-lun„' 


appiein-adounou,&c  y  toijucs,  tore, nv;;r/;  »  ^ 

galinfii,  or  100 

t^lly.    aij  (on- 
tinuiti  riilm, 
i  galinhas,  tbu-hovc 

3  galinhjs,  lou-o:ua 

4  galinhas,  t'ouliciw 

y  galinhas, (atons,    vli'uh 
is  IC. "J   buc- 

10  galinhas,  ta-hoos 

>  S  gilirihas,  la-hoos-laton 

10  liilinhas,  guinl'Jt.iWj 

is    the  liightjl  numin 

«f  ^oao  boejKStHttJ  it- 

gin  againtorich'i  tiihr 

t>y  1  toquc,  er  i  gahnlu. 

too  galinh.  guln-baton,'\c 


Book  IV  I  Chap.  12. 


'miinci.ition 
hole  (lilFc- 
>kiTi  by  a 
'e  promin- 
—  I  begin 

/■)'/.  I  and  ^/r../,j, 

(in  common, 
ikle 
uwe 
ton 
cnc 
tons 
ri  pi) 
loii-liove 
iosoii    .  I, 
icnc        '' 
liDv.iy 
invc-rcppo 

lovi-otuns 

OlOll 

(Hon-repo 

btonove 

btoii-oton 

"oton-ene 

pou 

■ou-non  gui-rcpo 

)l>jn  I  ;i  limt  quirt ) 
enrt  l  +  i  cinriqimi)^'^ 

I'hfy  Jo  not  rtch«  hiihif 
itmn  .^r^.iinjfo  Jo  ij'd\ , 
and  »i  till)  tickm  all 
things  by  boij;c!,  (tiij 
tlinAii  Yi  bojiii's  /i)  A 
fi'ir.g,  .inj  iliit  iliri 
cjU  totj'je  i  irj  h  tori' 
tinut  10  niimm  i)  to- 
ques, (zii  ) 


toque,  ccnrc 

toquc!,  cen-o.f 

tnquej,  ccn-oto:i 

Ki'ici,  cen-hcne 

'  uciucs,  tore,  viiirh  is  « 
galinlii,  or  100 

t-illy.    ivj  fo'i' 
tinut  10  rrihri, 
■  galinlias,  tbu-hovc 
1  galinhjs,  tou-o;on 
r  gahiihas,  tbu-hcnc 
'  galinhas,  fatons,    w'«i 
is  ic,-o  buc- 
]ics,iinJt»Uj. 
o  galinhas,  ta-iioos 
{■  galinhas,  ta-lioos  Ijion 
0  L'aliiihas,  guinbif  ,iWj 
is    the   highfjl  numbii 
tf  4000  bocjit's, 41J  it- 
gin  again  to  richn  liil.n 
hy  I  toque,  or  i  gahiilu. 
oo  galinh.guiii-batonAi: 


Coafts  e?/ South-Guinea. 

FAMILIAR    PHRASES. 


41? 


Hnglini. 


yhl  mr  tongue 

I'xitl 
I  Kill  mt 

tome 

nine  ml  ndir 

',.„,.  Ji-rV.VIt 
,;  jjn-  a  iniiikct 

I  I'll  pit 
^imeahoard 
i:  W«w  hiird 
t'X  (k  -iOii  do 
'.■iri  will,  fir 
^■,i.!-monow,Jir 

■•'n  ei>'h 
:ne '"  eat 
cine  ■ 

P  "  ■ 
•,.mr.inw 

,.i!ni:;bl,fi>' 

lik.k^oti 

i;  ;mi« 

/;«//?<■','> 

"5"' 
nfmt-hc^ii-t 


GelefTs, 
('or  Zaiigui'^) 
noppil 
liom.invin 

baiii.im.iii 

cil.iy 

bmiKlick 

(lock -ho  J  cm 

•  •  • 

»  *  » 

giidn.iU 

»  «  « 

p.ill.ioii-hnicnna 
ojry.i  incfTi 


FoulUi, 

<le-you 

bido-hidy 

mi-hyda 

arga 

da-rolhiin 

\\u 

•  •  • 

•  •  • 

nicdohymi 

•  »  ». 

Iionilouhcvy 
^,  ;v.l.i-luyi.im 

pii.imdf-b.ircs.funibi  meiio-hegiam 
(pMrhi-ip.iihoii,     7  ^^fp^ 


1 


iuiib.i 

Icltf^Clltfl 

cal;ii-t,ictl<-iii,iric 
qui  ;\-(]uiuii 

ova  qiiiequa-fouf 

•  »  • 

aileji-aek  aRiiiii 

ron-.m^iaiii-lamba 

fatninala 

dat.i-oii 

nani!,retery 

pougiie  n.iiiiate, 

aiandaolan 
roiitnaik-iiiorc 


} 


;■;;,!  M'^M.'i 


'mi 


candoth-haiie 
»  •  » 

bain-amacck 
miaJkcpqui(L[\  iafTima-onimgliargh 


I'l- not  rmemher 


ma  man  an 

«  •  « 


{■::t  mefoiii'  dnnk 

fji  Urn  in  irons  guiiigU'jla-maguioii 


f'niljackc-allati 

«  *  « 

arr;,iy 

hi.dl'flli 

»  »  ♦ 

("oiibac'ko 

nihallay 

mrdo-hietoma 

«  •  • 

•  *  « 

medo-ltlohy 

mrdo-daiio 
harque  giichin, 

hyloj.ule 
mcile-lciio 
my-fii-hyacke 

addou-nambalou 

loccan-hyardde 

•  •  • 

warn-hiendc 
ovarguiehydlecaf- 


} 


} 


Go!d  Coaji. 

moua-110 

mcppc 

mimpe 

beru,  or  braa 

mem-inaho 

forriiko 

medoLto 

ova-toutoiiiou 

mangh-hou 

mocko-liucnom 

»  »  • 

oiina-danin 
ediie-hie-ohie 

aquiooi-eiiappa 

cou  qiierou-cou 

braa  mincoiiiri>!v 

broa-foiiron 

lova-faifly 

to 

ack-hena 

marinck-heedappa 

midafTay 

«  •  « 

•  »  » 

•  •  « 

•  «  « 

•  «  • 

•  •  » 
»  •  » 

«  •  • 

»  *  • 
»  •  » 
«  »  • 

«  •  • 


Fidit  and  ArJra, 

namoune-b.;/.y 

hann 

my-be 

ova 

oma-ova 

ozon 

•  «  • 

•  »  • 

my-mou 

•  »  • 

quio-honfoufou 
mamouni;  ebiou-hain 
ebbyoin-d'aye 

ofonj-d'aye 

cre-iTC 

»  •  • 

oil  a 

giiiro-dome 
0/.0 
czain 
ognogh  in 

aova-non 

«  »  • 

myle-fion 
dun-hoincne-ova- 

domel-codcmy 

•  •  •  ' 


> 


lova.mizon 

•  »  • 
«  «  » 

din-clcin-rcpon-     V 
amya-lacon        j 
namya-haan 
mydomeio 


mypoty-gucnda 
f'o";h 


} 


i  VOCABULARY  of  Numbers,  and  of  the  Names  of  the  Months  of  the  Year,  ufed 
(It  the  Gold  Coaft,  <r?  the  hegimiiug  of  this  century.,  which  may  be  ufefitl  yet,  at  fome 
piirts  of  that  coaft:  the  ^iZiocr  Vocabulary  bci?/^  more  feciUiar  to  the  Blacks  o/Axim, 
ani  Anta ;  and  this  to  thofe,  from  Anta  to  Cormentyn. 


Englilli. 


fJlO 

hit 
kir 
fvi 
/v 

frJin 

tin 

i-tvrn 

"■:<ivt 


Negro. 
abianfon 
abiennon 
abiefla 
anam 
anom 
achien 
ochion 
oqiic 

oque  nom 
eddou 

cddou-abianfOn 
eddou-abienon 


Englifli. 
thirteen 
fourteen 
ffieen 
fxtcen 
feventeen 
eighteen 
nineteen 
twenty 

twenty-one,  andfo 
thirty,  &c. 

an  hundred 


Negro. 
eddou -abiiffa 
cddoLi-anam 
L'diiou-anoni 
eddou-achicn 
cddou-ocliion 
eddou-oque 
eddoii-oque-nom 
udenom 
to  thirty  adenom-abiancon 
adeilcm 
aha 
hanon 


:1 


1;   ■■!    'If 


>  rf  -1,. 


The 


r., 


I? 


T.:\,;yii;;i.;i"r, 

m 


4^6 


A  Defcnptsoft  of  the 


Book  ly. 


Tl&f  Blacks  at  the  Gold  Coaft,  diflimuifl)  the  Morjths  of  the  Year  by  Moon,. 

a?/{'/f/&  //Sy  name- 


January 

February 

March 

ylpfi.' 

Alay 

June 

7>'h 

/tuguft 

September 

Oilober 

November 

December 


Cua-para 

Sanda 

Kbbo 

Ebbo-bcrc 

Biraffe 

Deo  fou 

AfTaroeu 

Ailcflen-fanda 

Abefrem 

Ebirc 

Abanamattan 

Ma-maurc 


FAMILIAR   PHRASES  (?/f*tf  fame  people,  from  Anta  to  Cormentyn. 


Englifh. 

bow  do  you  do,  Jir 
very  ivdl 

come,  vjbat  do  you  aik 
f^'tod  nwrrov),  mtrcbattt 
what  ivill  yitt  buy 
I  v.-i!l  buy  linnen 
peiv  me  your  bargain 
Iii'd!  buy  confiderahly 
I  will  pay  you  well 
•will  sou  J  peak  to  ui 
we  have  abundance  of  good: 
have  you  many  goods 
I  ■wil!  bi(y  four  fathoms  of^ 

linnen  for  two  pieces    S 
there  is  much  gold  afhore 
it  cofls  more  in  Europe 
do  well 
give  gold 
merchant,  do  you  weigh  7 

thego'd  S 

it  is  too  light 
hisfalfe 

captain,  give  me  to  eat 
I  iviU  go  away 
ni  return  to-morrow 
I /hall  buy  hafons  and  cloth 
go  away,  and  come  again 
bring  a  pot  of  palm-wine 


Negro. 
aoro-dejc 
ilatVcne 
bera-cbeny 
bat.ilou-akic 
ibctto-bency 
bctto-fou-fou 
cokive-memame-liuic 
bettobrette 
mettra-cau-hie 
nufoncy-bri-bci 
aqua-edrc  brette-hoho 
battafou  aflTafey-brcttc 
betto-jcftam-anam  fou- 

fou  eggeba 
cliika-bert'tte-hoho 
metuo-chika-cou 
mamebribey 
mame-chika 

battafou-tumoii-chika 


cliika-engrou 

chika-emou 

xne,  manjc-idcy 

men-cofou 

eriko-nomabe 

betto-eowa-ytonic-tambre  gtod  be  to  you 

co-fou,  co-bera 

fa-cnfam,  bere-tentem 


Engl  id). 

bring  wood  for  the  kitchen 

bring  frejh  water 

good  morrow  capl.i.n 

I  come  to  tell  you  fomething 

Ut  us  go  aboard  together 

J  will  not  doit 

youfpeak  Kell 

hold  your  tongue 

give  me  a  bandfome  wife 

woman,  will  you  lie  with  me 

friend,  give  mefome  gold 

take,  here  isfome  gold 

a  tefton 

I  will  give  m  more 

in  a  good  hour  (or  luckily") 

give  me  fomething 

give  me  a  token 

my  mojt  dear  friend 

come,  J  willbefel  aflme 

this  day 

to-morrow 

a  month 

a  moon 


a  year 
twelve  moons 


Negro. 
fa-innem-bira 
ata  taba 
aquie,  xnc 
bera-nionthcaii 
mecon  ahenoii 
mcn-coqiiie 
ealar,  brcttc 
mohamme 
niameliiroo-iJ(;-;ip[),i 
mame-hoque-niidy 
ineanco-mainc-chiki 
tou-mon-rhika 
bcque,  guave 

men-konom-aubciu 

main-ke 

mame-daftlic 

(idem) 

manco-bre-beaii 

meco  afafej-bera 

menibry 

eckenna 

efletan 

(idem) 

affei 

(idem) 

aquio-aquy 


T'/je  next  is  a  VOCABULARY  of  words,  names,  and  phrafes,  in  the  lan^tia^es  of 
the  Geloffs,  Foulles,  Gold  Coaft,  Fida  anci  Ardra. 


Englifh. 

Geloffs. 
(or  Zanguay.) 

Fou 

A 

ananas 

ananas 

annanas 

the  arms 

fmal-loho 

guion-ghe 

the  arfe,  or  bum 

rate,  {or  gun) 

roterc 

to  ask 

lay 

»  »  » 

an  arrow 

fmack  tonghar 

»  »  » 

B 

blind 

boniena 

goumdo 

a  bough 

cahiah 

bahcrou 

GoldCooJl. 


ananfi 
niinfa 
nioutenn 
mefi  roliady 
agghien 

nemy  offoura 
OkCa 


Fida  and  Anin. 


yebode 
aova 

miruy 

*  »  • 


•  »  • 


i'')'''nl| 


'1^,- 


1  the  languages  of ' 


* 

iM 

mm 

Chap.  12. 

Coafts  of  Sovm- 

Guinea.' 

417 

ill 

i    i 

Fnglifti. 

Gtloffi. 
(or  Zimuay.) 

Foullts. 

ColdCoaJl. 

Fida  and  Arilra. 

j;  W 

1     n 

•  •  • 

patt 

•  •  • 
«  •  • 

obourady  (banana 
ncnny-abbo 

•  •• 

j    |ffl| 

jl  H 

laihhlhamyjeif. 

monprefangoii 

♦  •  • 

magliouary 

ovamylcfin 

in     InMl 

\l:t'm>'d 

ftquiem 
g,i  tov.ip 

ouhare 

•  •  • 

abboggiiie 
batciTa 

da 

•  •  • 

'     II 

i    ^D 

pippa 

•  •  • 

l)ippa 

•  •  • 

i  iiiiii 

III 

,  tar  of  iron 
I'licx 

barra  (win) 
ovach-ande 

barra 

«  »  • 

dabban 

•  •  • 

appatyn 
appaty-vy 

131 

idem 

ditto 

ditto 

aqua 

1     1     II  u 

kf  iif  in 

fangara 

fangara 

brandwyn 

•  •  • 

j  j       KMl 

H'  III  IB 

nky 

ovalTy 

ibukagorco 

monoiita,  ctouhay 
aoffia 

>  lonon-vy 

J    1    ' 

ii  Hh 

i'ttcki 

towapp 

touhouba 

broucou 

blaya 

1     i' 

if  wiilB^ 

t  hi 

ciiiitodou 

lelTon 

cmppa 

enfin-no 

!  '  '  s  '  1 

if     IIkoR 

•■b.cwlbe  nofe 

nien-dooii 

n'gicto 

achkui'ndor 

•  •  • 

'    ili  ' 

m'ft  1  iH^B 

■'  Me 

matt 

n'hadilc 

ouikinno 

hendou 

•  '     1 

P||  I  mj^H! 

i,j,  htalls 

wu-hainc 

fn-h'do 

tnnoufou 

ano 

\   mW 

PI  |!]  Ill 

|vt   * ' *  V 

ilird 

arral 

k'Kiolly 

aunoma 

cquevy 

;  i'f 

,1  'o:o,d 

bourou 

bourou 

broto 

commen 

•    1         ■! 

"'    'KwilffiV 

hyarack 

bourtly 

•  •  • 

eqiie 

'  1 H  i '    ' ; 

11'  k   ■ ;  fl  if  rBB ' 

tllTCC 

hy'-hyain 

mod-dgia 

hohonton 

f.k.h  ^ 

fmahir 

rhcik) 

alfou 

ado 

imitd 
ijme 

•  »  • 

iuko 

afTon 

•  »  • 

m  '  tIm  H' 

*  •  • 

lahna 

cgghen 

ohon 

''■  '1  Hi 

K,   >i|K  flj' 

(ilron 

•  »  • 

•  «  * 

r  »  • 
»  •  » 

camaba 
canjzhan 

ye-bozuin 
•  »  • 

'    \\\ 

"1 1    ' 

i'iil 

(rcuidi 

gua-fick 
capitan 

norova 
loamdo 

atlinck-fiam 
oppare-a:nc 

«  •  • 
hontan 

'  it' lis   ii)'' 

!')-ii 

f  ;;"■ 

priiin 

hyack-haovale 

copri 

gan-banfefcy 

t  J. Wit 

fmah,  (cravat) 

Idfoll 

boudghia  benna 

cobla 

•  ■  •  :'  ■■  '\\ 

lu'it 

doghhol 

tay 

ofFofi  quandcquen 

bo 

■\  [   •     i 

!ii!'i?fi| 

. 

i  dvm 

banibcrta 

fetcl 

outrou-cafli 

balila 

is           1     '      1            t) 

1 

H  ill 

guenaapp 

oulondc 

aggiiiiaomoa 

»  »  •                       ■» 

•    '  "'■  i^ 

i'l'  i'Ufe'Ji 

1 

t  I'dt 

niii:i 
i'lc'd 

bay 
arequcrc 

hiina 

bchova 

»  •  » 

ghian-gcl 

hougovan 

»  »  • 

nhove-dimy 

Ifin 

•  •  • 

bibaut-huoy 

r. ;;/'•,  I'Vit 

fo^lie 

bolTare 

tlTy 

»  «  « 

vvv  fp 

1^ 

!'rih:-eh 

b(.ki;j!;h 

cobc 

och-liounan 

lele 

r'-il  m 

I 

4  mt 

boubou-tovap 

dolanque 

aitary 

aous 

\tm  lii^< 

llit  Mken  of  prwces  tloiufgiiaihe 

byla-hamdc 

oddi  courouba 

accozou-vy 

'  ''  ^'  K    ni 

/)  muh 

foccatt 

loghiomdc 

iiiobbaa 

•  •  • 

) 

l':i('*** 

facore  or  fare 

cotto 

aquL' 

»  •  • 

t'                    '    :           L 

D 

•  •  • 

•  »  » 

ednam 

»  »  • 

■ill 

,'( Irink 

mangrenam 

hyariU' 

merioininfa 

nou 

' '  \t  111  if?! 

I  li'.i 

khaay 

raiiovandou 

ockua 

ovon 

i||i|i| 

ii  t:  H  il9|| 

«  hitcf 

fa:,  ke 

hcmdc 

oreflii 

d'ou-my-opon 

m  ^Hni 

u;  </r.vV 

luiniiay 

guine 

adoppi  or  fafliin 

fou 

iRt  i^lll  J 

nU  ^WMJI 

;;:•  hi 

elegh 

foubacka 

adtla 

onqucn 

,  Hi  if'  PI    f 

M  S^^fSh 

E 

tilt  eMW 

dehaina 

mahyje 

ovaiiou 

ecou 

\l     \      ;'"■;     ;. 

1  ^InPS 

fm-iikuoton 

fomdon 

falTin 

•  •« 

■  1     .  ,  '  ■  ■     r  I     ■  1- 

%  11  HI 

an  ile'hant 

gnay 

ghiova 

alToun 

«  •  • 

i  1:  n'-  •  j 

,1      t' S  l].      1 

! '  ira 

tht  can 

lm.inoppc 

noppy 

alVouba 

Ota 

''  iii^i 

<"> '?,? 

ncn 

whochionde 

griffiba 

eny 

»  *  « 

^     \'-\ 

''  1  ■■  IffffH 

ibi  iM'-Hwi 

•  •  • 

hyamhyanko 

«  *  • 

':m  iiuy^ 

ik  ti'th 

foffi 

lt;hidy 

aflTaffy 

•  •  • 

'       IIBly  nSlI 

iktvi 
'      F 

linabutt 

hyterr 

agnyba 

my-tuy 

1 '  wSK     ImiHl 

r»  1  iSB   BWII 

l'l>' 

yapp         ' 

tehau 

eddnom 

lin 

'i      il  i    \ 

'Ii  HI  if 

li'  fng'rs 

fma-baiam 

tedehcndo 

enfihuere 

alovy 

k  nil 

11  llci,  or  pluck  off 
Ibeftin. 

\  m*igri-itaircc 

houtcoude 

eckhaurou 

d*yn-mipon 

■  It 

tilt  fever 

gucrnama 

•  *  » 

tnchiary 

»  «  • 

Vol.  V. 

50 

• 

i|  r  H 

WM  I^H 

*"  U    IMnYlttiilE 
1   '^^■HiM 

f 

4i8 


•'> 


firt 

aforlii'fi 
a  firelock 
f/Z'trman 
to  fart 
the  ffit 
fcdihtr 

G 

a  \^iin 

God 

^•ri'iit 

gknon 

guiiK'i   fefpcr, 
inaLt^iKtlc 
H 
fjh'ig-hoiki 
a  hat 
ibf  hair 
ihebeaviHS 
ii  borff 
a  h:imock 
herbi 
the  haiiils 
a  bouje 
a  hen 
tbi  head 
I 


A  tkfcripthn 


Cehffi, 
Cor  Zaitiuay.) 
liisfau 

•  •  • 

•  •  • 

moil 

(luili-hott 

rinut.mck 

(loungue 

gucnn 

«  *  • 

bumherta 
Mulla 

ni.ij;ufn.i 

•  •  • 


or 


FouUti. 


} 


(1clik.i 

•  »  * 

( aghovar 

alT.mi.in 

f.iil. 

toJeapp 

mii<j,h      ' 

loho 

fman-vig 

gnaarr 

Inubabb 


Kiahingol 

*  •  • 

lotroul  Iced 

kiou  hallo 

riiic 

(  dIT  lie 

ilonguo 

linghno 

*  *  • 

(ltd 

allah 

nvihodn 

haileroro 

la-kouile 


oil. mile 

i  •  • 

loiikcnJo 

liyall.i 

pouikiou 

lell!) 

•  •• 

iroungo 
buiido 
gufftogal 
horde 


of  the 

Book  l\ 

ColdCcoJt. 

Fida  and  ^,/,j 

ahouc-dimy 
abban 

bibaut-huoy 

♦  •  • 

Ibu 

0|10fV(> 

hovivito 

o.ittan 

n'heon 

mimaiiitigp 

hafo 

tcik-liia 

tqucfon 

cnnam 

ganibavy 

rhika 

•  •  • 

oiitrou-cadi 

balila 

ian -ionic 

boilen 

ollbn 

zafi 

•  •  • 

•  •  • 

•  •  • 

•  •« 

eliuilTa 


amiou-va 

txK-hie 

cliuy 

ahuya 

Earkoa 
.imanke 
•  •  • 

xati.iba 
oiiliy 
oko-ko 
hcry 


•  •• 


•  •  • 

•  ♦  • 


da 

?uy-ou!cau 
lo 

havonfo 

•  t  • 

alo 
ofin 

touquelou 
tacon 


i: 


^il:  .» 


V^  '*' 


a  knife 

a  kfy 

ak.itU 

the  knees 

lb,-  kin^ 

10  kill  ' 

L 

the  le;^s 

iififJjing  line 

the  lips 

to  he 

lice 

lead 

little 

to  lau^h 

linnen-cloth 
M 

the  mouth 

much 

a  maid 

a  man 

the  moon 

mahys,  or  Indian  corn 

a  mufket 

a  fl'cep 

my,  and  mine 

a  monkey  or  afe 

N 
needles 
a  nail 
no 
/he  navel 


pack-ha 
donouachande 
cranghiarc 
fmahoorn 
bourrc 
ruy 

fmip-paire 

finabou-ilclingha 

fmacovin 

narnaa 

teings 

bectaigli 

neouna 

raihal 

endymon 

gueminin 

barena 

n'daouch-digin 

goourgue 

vli.iaire 

dough-oub 

faital 

ommghargh 

»  *  » 

goloch 

pourfi 
dinguetitt 
d'haair 
fmal-loutt 


pake 

biilho 

barma 

holbondou 

kihamde 

cuhardc 

covafTongal 

ovande 

tondo 

hailarime 

hamdy 

ckaye 

choukahiel 

ghiulde 

chomchou 

hendouko 

hctly 

k,    ka 

got/  o-mahodo 

Icourc 

maikary 

fete! 

balou 

fman 

owandou 

meflelael 
pangal 
a  la 
liouddo 


offij-karn 

fam 

coiiwa 
oiikonn 
oiklickouioii 
may-counou 

nienonfoa 

aclighama 

m.inno-liouma 

minti 

cgh-huy 

fombouy 

kifTouwa 

ofllry 

ainhuyra,  or  foufou 

annon 

•  •  • 

katou-meflla 
eddin 
ode  ran 
abbkahoun 
ottrou 
»  »  « 

•  •  • 
ofchovan 

adrobba 
precli-gou 
boglio 
efTrouiTia     * 


guy-by 

•  •  • 

•  •  * 
«  •  • 

aciazou 
nii-houy 

afo 

ocan 
nou-bien 
ahovelailou 
gio 

•  •  • 

pevy 

coii-e-de 
avon 

nou-bien 

Ibiifou 

n'hoinc-vy 

fonnon 

founou 

hielrau,  or  iyhon 

fou 

elein 

«  •  • 

ezin 

«  t  * 

•  *  * 
«  «  * 

•  •  • 


Chap  12. 

ihtnoft 
iht  nifbt 
itt  mills 
O 

an  ov  or  bullock 
tnoatborcurfe 

01 01.11  f 

V 
,l.l....kcryai.l 

tof'dllt  ataitoe 

to  fH'i 

fAulle  »r  pagny 

'■il'.H'b 
"'■? 


Coafts  if  Sour H-G U I N  E  A. 


for  /.tin f nay.) 
rin.uk  buckan 
(^otulin.i 
liii.ii 

•  •  « 

•  •  • 

fin,il)0(k  ("hanabi) 


foiill 
(Iroii 

•  •  • 

bfroucli 

w.ut 

ilonip 


!o  fmank  tobacco  ^''^}'^''''^no 

kin  ^11 

ya 

nit 

in()iMy 

pcttci  k 


ca'uots 

a 


R 


,1  ir.i.ion 
(I  larHt 

fi:ilUt 

6  rii'Jir 
iwilt 

il  fltCH 

}  nfui 
I'f  rihs 
tropt 
ihi 
itt  rain 
I  lit 

elh-ip 
t:jhil 

!-frit 
ajfirt 

1:  h\  or 

I:  v.  It 

ij.iVi' 

i  mrd 

;:  M'iir.l 

tKf'iiith  of  a  knife 
l:  ':rilcb 

/tf  fia 

ijhip 

ufltak 

ifme 

d'l/iin 

ijiiikt  or  fcrpait 

ihi  frit 

fr 

t- 

Ik  ,:m 

[mikl,  or  bran  of 

millet  hil'd 
It  fit 


r.iya 

CMlll 


(iiiiihc.illah 

intiiiou 

guailie 

focli-liorby 

UWltt 

bonnie 


foMlla. 

Iitncr 

(^uiima 

ilirgpucn 

ncil.iu 
na((uc 
folilebami  or  cot- 

ttl  yuiimo 
can^hc 

hati.iladyr 

liaoilgiiiou 

•  •  • 

liain^  luijc 

•  •  • 

inouchioiide 
hy'-aniougiil 

>ali.iiH!i) 

arli.iyiiillaii 

barkol 

foilTOll 


•  «  • 

gi'tlbiilbc 

abomlc 

clial)ibiircle 

boiiliol 


Invucre  giima  rajank  toracl'-allali 


jhp 


taou 

};urnaili 
li)gli-oveck 


ovayel 

mani^a'douly 

totlir 

bougluovap 

»  •  '» 

pucckitTi 
mau^V'-tfirfly 
guitnon 
giialFi 
guin^uc 
fmanbarguaily 
fmanbar  pacliha 
hoik-iiaima 
ragu.nii 
fmandai 
inamj;utna 
V.  aciie 
iloyg 

fmagii-dayr 
cjua'nn 
gans"  :x 
foe       arte 
da..: 
gliiaiicc-finkan 


>: 


fongoanc 


tobbo 

d'.vnbrou 

bodigliiuun'n 

cciirc 

hyc-nuiy 

bouilc 

thoude 

d'olanke 

il.ilinady 

doriilan 

iiilllloide 

motkliiuudou 

cali'c 

giie-liyelle 

ovana 

ovana 

nanhyady 

ognia-luiy 

guL-ek 

randy 

halle 

hayre 

goiire 

body  or  gorory 

ghiodordt 

lamb-dam 

pade 

nahangue 

changle 

ghiodo 


Gild  Coafl. 

och-luicn 

nnudoiilTin 

cnlacougoiiloty 

•  •  • 

•  •  > 


} 


abbroqiie  hancaba 

cotty 

procko 

•  •  • 

bora-guyo 

u^liMtn'tlio 

oitabhoiiti'n 

ovctri'noun'n 

nibiboa 

ttujlia 

b'.'.n;',a 

a(',li;iuma 

iiliuiry 

abrounania 

ottani 


ani[)a 
oddickouiovay 

ophva 
em  ft 

aiiama 

•  •  • 

cirou 

ockour.i 

cnckiiifma 


cobbiiiloum 

ibbin 

MlTou 

camtza 

111,1  rciodda 

tranlaily 

ouKciilli 

ackhouba 

aHi'iiam 

•  »  • 

aiTciia-bouciia 

ciigliova 

abboggha 

ohiarry,  nawahou 

eppo 

conglumbie 

ora-kalTa 

obbi)ba 

ach-hoiiniu 

oiiovo 

*  •  « 

anckin 

Tapati 

acliovai 


iranfaffy 


•  •  • 

rame 

•  •  • 


•  •  • 


•  •  t 

botlou-hovy 
yebo,  zuiiibo 

tnhouiTi 
hohan 

niycon  lonnon 
liaovdiy 

fiiiva-diddo 

•  •  • 

lienzy 

a/.o/.cin 

hczcin 

fiao' 

hovcy 

I'guylr 

•  •  • 

•  •  • 


accozouzy 

•  •  • 

•  •  « 

O!  an  or  ocar 

hovt-doiibazy-boden 

giiyoccon 

liufiii 

lulay 

eliin 
giati 

n'liomy 

•  •  t 

ha-hou 
lioinclo 

note 

•  «  • 

aiabe 
gibybo 

ogin 

•  «  • 

•  •  • 

•  *  • 

migiiiozon 

houlgiiy 

hoiion 

guefio 

•  •  • 

bazey 
hohonton 

•  *  * 

eqiie 
atopa 
hove  que 


hynan 


W^'l 


?,(■  I 


Ml"' 


i;-:, ! 


iS^ 


'  '?' 


420 


^  Defcription,  &c. 


Book  IV. 


Englifh. 

Gelofs, 
(or  Zanguay.) 

Fottlles. 

Gold  Coajl. 

Fida  and  /Irdn,, 

fii^ar 

I'licm 

rhyombry 

chiery 

yebogiie 

a  fail 

T 

<7  /r«H^' 

wirr 

ouhderel-hana 

avedda 

honfon 

ovach-hande 

bretewall 

adack-ha 

apot^ 

//j(7  /,t(]fZ»J 

loupp 

bouhall 

annen 

elephant)  tcetb 

gnay  negnay 

n'hierre-ghiova 

efllunfle 

*  *  * 

the  teeth 

fmabenabiii 

n'hierre 

elTm 

adou 

thread 

ovin 

guarahie 

ach-hema 

alotin 

tarr 

fanilcl 

♦  ♦  ♦ 

♦  ♦  * 

*  f  * 

the  throat 

fmanpouroch 

dandy 

och'hovanoggo 

crocro 

to  ibrotu 

fannir 

verla'.y 

fock'huene 

ble 

the  tongue 

laming 

diuingall 

tagui'hama 

ede 

the  toes 

fmahua  jetanck 

pcddfly 

cnlii'liuere 

otouy 

tallow  orj^reafe 

divguneck 

belkrc 

abbroun'iiova 

giou 

to  truck  or  barter 

nanveqiii 

fohodc 

owefliilTan 

♦  ♦  * 

to  tremble  or  quake 

denaloch 

chin'houde 

meck'houni 

bibautoumy 

a  trumpet 

boll^^l■a 

♦  ♦  ♦ 

abourben'n 

*  *  ♦ 

a  taller  of  cocoas 

taffa 

horde 

eck'houly 

aguon'qua 

tobacco 

tmagha 

taba 

taba 

hazo 

the  thunder 

denadeno 

d'hiny 

*  *  * 

— zou 

it  thunders 

ditto 

ditto 

♦  *  ♦ 

omafezou 

a  table 

V 

the  leins 

gangona 

gango 

oppounu 

*  ♦  * 

led'itte 

d'adol 

enfin 

*  *  * 

W 

a  wrinkle 

♦  »  * 

*  *  * 

aliova 

*  *  * 

ivood 

matt 

k-ggal 

addacka 

n'aque 

water 

m'doch 

d'liiam 

infou 

efin 

write 

bind^ 

w'hin'doude 

ockivahouma 

cen'ovay 

a  woman  with  child 

digin'-gobirr 

deboredo 

anninfay 

n'lioint'  'vas-qui-vy 

a  woman 

digin 

debo 

hobba 

n'hoine 

writing-book 

rmackycl'gumore 
biud 

'5-  dcfFeterre 
laiiou'yongo 

brohoumacrata 

cnliuiove,  canhov^ 

to  waflj  the  bands 

raglien 

coguo'hary'zatiaba 

alo-afly 

to  walk 

docli'oll 

meilo'  lyalHi 

on'an'lTy 

ozon 

a  whore 

giielarbi 

fakke 

abbrakresorabelekrc  lieyn'ly 

to  weep 

d'goill- 

wlio'hcdde 

orclTan 

via  vy 

to  wlnftle 

oway'iefte 

houde 

iglmirama 

*  ■•».  » 

the  wind 

gallaou 

liendon 

acii'iioiiiii'n 

guio'iion'n 

French  wine 

m'fango  tovahb 

chinck 

enfan 

yebo 

palm-wine 

m'fango  geloffi 

chingue 

cnfhjipa 

mcvcy'han  sr  atuii 

-■ 
i 

i 

1', 

1 

niiiiis 

T/je  END  of  i/je  Fov  R  r  n  Boo  k. 


Book  IV. 

Ftda  and  Mm 

yeboguc 
honfon 


apoty 

♦  ♦  * 

*  *  * 
adou 
alotin 

crocro 
ble 
ede 
otouy 

giuu 

»  *  * 

bibautoumy 
*  *  * 

aguon'qu.i 
hazo 
— zou 
omaiezou 

*  *  * 

*  *  * 

*  *  * 
n'aque 

efin 

een'ovay 

n'lioint'  'vas-qui-vy 

n'hoine 

cnhuiove,  canhovs 

alo-affy 
ozon 

re  lieynTy 
via  vy 

#  >  ■» 

guio'hon'n 

yebo 

mevey'hanorattan 


SUPPLEMENT 


TO     THE 


DESCRIPTION 


OF    THE 


Coa/ls   of  North   ami  South-Guinea: 


In  Two    BOOKS. 


\,i 


'  lifi'i*' 


I)',?  •!• 


m 


'1^  4li  I 


,OL.    V. 


5P 


■m 


i'h 

m 


\] ' 


hi  .   ',      <-  ' 


C  '■ 


'The  Contctits  of  the  firfi  ^ook  of  this  Supplement. 


AN  ,-ibftr.i(5l  of  the  mort:  nm.vrkableoc- 
(.uricnces  and  tranfa<5tion«,  whitli 
have  liapiK'n'd  in  North  and  South-Giiuied, 
fincc  tilt  year  1682,  to  compleat  the  ac- 
count thereof  to  this  prefent  time.  A 
voyage  to  AVw  CV.;/'.ir,  in  1699,  by  the 
author's  brother.  A  new  brict  defcriinion 
of  the  coaits  of  the  lower  Ethiopia,  vul- 
garly call'd  Ati^ola  ;  that  is,  from  cape 


St.  Calberiiie,  in  two  ilogrees  and  a  half 
ot  fouth  latitude,  to  twenty  three  degree!; 
and  a  lialf  of  tlie  fame.  An  extraft  ot 
the  journal  of  a  voyage  from  Eugtandln 
the  river  Zaire,  or  :So>igo,  thence  to  Ca- 
hinde-hAy,  and  thence  to  Barbidoey  and 
Jamttica,  with  flaves,  in  the  year  1700, 
by  the  author's  nephew. 


T'hc  Contents  of  the  fccorid  3iook  of  this  Siipplcincnt. 


N 


E  W  obfervations  of  the  courfc  from 
Rock!,  in  France,  to  the  (oilt  ol" 
Nortl.'-Gi,' .,J.  A  Ihort  (ketch  of  the 
iflands  Porto-Santo,  Aladera  and  the  Cn- 
iiariei,  lying  in  that  paffage.  An  account 
of  the  weftern  co.dls  ot  Africa,  from  cape 
Bojador,  in  Bu'cdulgcrid,  to  caj^e  Blwii:, 
m  Gualat.i,  inclufive  •,  with  a  continuation 
of  the  fune  coafts  from  Arguiin  to  Seiie^.i- 
river.  General  obfervations  concerning 
the  (lefarts  of  Zahara,  and  of  the  pro- 
vinces of  BUcdidgerid,  Gualaia,  Genehua 
and  Tombut  ;  and  the  produd  and  trad-, 
thereof.  The  courfe  from  Sencga-rwiT  to 
the  fouthern  parts  of  Guinea,  properly  fo 
call'd.  A  brief  account  of  the  iflands  ol 
cape  I'crde,  oppofitc  to  the  cape  of  that 
name.  Of  general  and  particular  couries 
from  the  ieveral  ports  or  places  of  Guinea, 
pro|)erly  fo  call'd,  to  Europe  diredlly, 
and  to  ihecoaft  of  Guiana,  on  the  conti- 
nent of  i'o;i//j/^/«£-riV(;,  and  thence  to  the 
J.eriv.u-d  iflamls.  Some  remarks  about 
crolfing  the  equinofti.il,  either  to  the 
fouthward  or  the  northward.  Of  the 
courfe  from  Loango  and  Congo,  in  the 
Icwf  r  Ethiopia,  to  the  iflands  of  yltnerica. 
A  (liort  account  ot  the  iflands  St.  Mat- 
ihezv,  A/cenJion  and  Fernando  de  Noronha, 


lying  fouth  of  the  equator,  betwixt  Aj'ii.  ; 
and  SriHtL- America.  General  oblervatioii', 
on  the  management  n[' BLick  flaves  aboard 
fliips  in  their  pafTage  from  Jfrica  to 
America,  by  French,  I'ortiigiiefe  and  Diitci:. 

A  brief  def'cription  of  the  large  j)ro- 
vince  of  Giium.i,  in  South- America ;  and  ol 
the  two  noted  rivers  that  enclofe  it  on  the 
e.dl  and  wefl :  firll  of  tlie  renowned  river 
of  the  ylmazons  ;  and  then  of  the  river 
Oronoque.  A  p.irticular  account  of  the 
ifland  of  Cayenne  in  that  province,  be- 
longing to  the  French.  Curious  remarks 
and  obfervations  concerning  the  fuppos'd 
lake  of  Paiima,  in  Guiana,  and  of  the 
pretended  city  M.n!oa,oY  El  Dorado  ;  for- 
merly accounted  by  the  Spaniards  wonder- 
ful rich  in  goki.  I'hc  palTage  from  Cay- 
enne to  Martinico  and  Guadalupe,  aiivl 
thence  back  to  Rachel  in  a  firff,  and 
to  Havre  de  Grdce  in  a  lecond  voyage. 
An  account  of  the  dreadful  tiiuiidcr  ne.ir 
the  Bermud.h  ilhinds.  and  the  tenilrle 
cli'eds  thereof;  with  a  fketch  of  thoie 
illinds.  I  .aflly,  an  account  of  hurricanes 
of  three  Ibrts,  in  tlie  /Fell -Indies,  v:z. 
north,   fouth  antl  genuine  hurricanes. 

Tlie  whole  illuf!:ratetl  with  tevcrai 
new  maps  and  cuts. 


1* 

1    1 

1 

t 

Jl^ri 

A  ' " . 

smi 

ii'i  )  I 

wt 

';'  (•■  1  ■! 

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t!  1  ' 

f|l 

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iU 

!    ! 

iM'it 


.'   H        ' 


;  and  a  ii.ili 
hree  degrees 
1  extraft  ot 
1  England  to 
encc  to  Ca- 
irl>idoe>  and 
year   1700, 


4iJ 


SUPPLEMENT 


TO     THE 


New  defcription  of  the  coafts  of  Gumea,  &c. 


The    INTRODUCTION. 


TH  I  S  new  defcription  of  North 
;ind  Soutb-Giiinea,  and  part  of 
the  IFfjhn!  Elbi^ijia,  wliicli  I 
have  hen-  prefentcd  the  reader, 
having  been  fomecime  finco  writ  by  me  in 
French,  agreeable  to  the  conllitution  of 
thofe  parts  in  the  year  1682,  and  having 
fince  undertaken  to  publifh  the  lame,  after 
another  method,  in  Englijh  ;  I  now  defign 
to  add  an  abfbnidl:  of  the  moil  remarkable 
tranfaclions  that  have  happened  on  thole 
coafts  fince  my  laft  voyage  tiiither,  in  the 
alorclaid  year  1682,  as  far  as  I  have  been 
able  to  collect,  during  that  interval  of  tiire, 


cither  by  my  corrcfpondcnce  there,  or  from 
the  accounts  given  me  by  p^rfons  of  repute, 
who  iiave  niatle  feveral  voyages  into  Gu'wciU 
fince  my  being  there.  To  which  I  ftiall  tub- 
join   two  new  voyages,    the  one  made  to 
Ne'.v  Calabar,  in    iSqg,    and  the  other  to 
Congo  in  1700  ;  the  firll  of  thitn  perform'd 
by  my  brother  7<'"'t'.S  and  the  latter  by  my 
nephew  7rt(«if J  Barhot :  which  1  hope  will  be 
the  more  acceptable,    by  reafon  they  will 
render  this  new  defcription  of  Githiea,  and 
the  coafts  of  the  weftern  Etlxolvi,  the  moll 
compleat  of  any  yet  extant,  in  any  language 
whatfoever. 


BOOK      I. 

S  F.  N  E  G  A    and    G  O  E  R  E  E. 


(TOttfC- 

l.nMlli 


Imdon  Gazelle,  N".  2922,  from  'Tnrl.a'j,  .V 

Tn  F,  royal  Jniran  company  of  Eiig- 
l  !ii:l  having  of  late  years  been  mo- 
Idled  in  their  trade,  in  the  north  parts  of 
Guinea,  by  the  Fnncb,  did,  by  virtue  of 
their  rnajefties  commifTion,  order  liieir 
agent-general,  John  Baker  F.ftp,  at  Jamci- 
inand.in  the  river  of  GrtM/.r/(7,  to  attempt  the 
difpoirm "ig  them  from  thofe  parts  ;  which 
furceedcd  accordingly,  as  appears  by  letters 
from  the  (aid  agent  of  the  fourteenth  of 
Mirch  1692-3,  now  received  by  way  oi 
'Jamaica  ;  an  abftraft  of  which  follows. 

Having  embarked  my  ielf,  and  above  a 
hundred  men  of  this  iftand,  upon  the  com- 
pany's Ihips,  the  Anne,  captain  Leech,  and 
the  America,  captain  Brome,  with  fevt  ral 
(loops  as  an  addition  to  the  force  they  fent 
me  ;  I  arrived  at  S,-nega  river  the  tiiirtieiii  of 
December  1692,  with  great  ditficulry,  and 


y.'ewbercj,  to  Monday,  November  13.   1693. 

the  lofs  offix  mtn.  I  got  over  the  bar,  and 
whild  I  wa,  preparing  to  attack  the  fort 
called  I.oiiis  de  Bourbon,  the  firll  day  of 
"January,  I  received  a  letter  from  M.  De  mo- 
lins,  the  governor,  oil!  ring  to  furrender  if  he 
and  his  men  might  have  vivil  treatment  -, 
which  I  readily  granted,  landed,  and  took 
poffifnon  of  the  fort  the  lame  ilay,  where  I 
louiul  fifteen  cannon,  t'l.  Tlie  laid  fort  is  fi- 
tuated  in  the  mouth  of  the  river  Sene^^a^ 
and  has  been  in  the  polfeinon  of  the  French 
above  fifty  years,  where  I  have  now  fttled 
a  facT:ory,  and  called  it  by  tlie  name  of 
ir.Hiam-and-Mar^i  fin.  I  continued  there 
until  the  twenty  fifth,  when  I  lailed  thence, 
and  having  fu>cecJctl  lb  weJ!,  tailed  a 
council  of  war,  at  lea,  the  next  day,  where 
it  was  rcfolved  to  attack  tli  ■  ifland  of  Goerce, 
the  only  place  rertiiining  in  th: /rtw/.)pof- 

lefTion 


414 


Rem ^r^ able  Occurrences 


-A. 


i  ,1 


^3  riA  . 


■■'}  '•■    ■ 


lj>  ■..()  rcHion  in  Cf'iHt.  •  vtv.'rc  1  arrived  witli  the 
(^•y^  n  ips  tlie  firflol'  /v/tw.'w,  :\ml  i  (Mitinucd  to 
i'  .rm  tlic  caflUs  until  I'.ULird.iy  ihc  toiirtli, 
wiR'ii  in  the  ni[',hi  I  l.indtd  with  a  luiiidrcd 
'Men  under  the  okl  tort,  witliii)  two  iuinthed 
;ind  fifty  yards  of  the  new  i.ilVle,  called 
.*•'/.  Mii-hih-i,  and  commanded  by  Mr.  hlix, 
litiiatal  on  a  nfin^  y,round,  and  mounted 
with  twenty  eif^lit  l;un^,  without  any  rcfil- 
tance,till  about  break  ol  day,  whin  tluy  fired 
U::  ioully  uik)ii  us  wit!)  |,reat  and  Iniall-fhot. 
About  noon  I  fent  them  a  funiinons  to 
furicnder  before  our  cannon  (It- aid  be  landed  ; 
when  they  immediately  defirtd  a  capitula- 
tion, which  being  jiranted,  and  articles 
agreed  on,  they  mirclied  qui;  the  eighth, 
with  their  arms,  baf  :iMd  L  iD;!^',.''y:''>  ■'i'-' 
cohnus  Hying,  and  \\\n:  carrietl  to  the 
coiiiii'i^y's  fort  at  y..v,.<.(-inantl,  whence  they 
ar.  to  be  traiifported  on  'he  company's  Ihip- 
ping,  and  at  the  coni^rauy's  charge,  tor 
Eur'tj.'e. 

I  have  obfervcd  in  the  delciiptic.i  ol  thi' 
\\^'c\-  Siiiigti.  how  treacherous  and  inlolent 
the  ^Ir, ilium  Moors  generally  are,  who  (ell 
gum  arabick  to  th.' //vwi/.' .'  I  Ihall  give  an 
iiill.uKe  thereot  in  the  relation  ot  what  hap- 
jvncil  tiiere  five  or  fix  months  alter  my  pil- 
lage 'hat  way,  vv!\ich  is  as  follows.  ()ne 
day  three  ll'Lite  men  hinilcr'd  four  hundred 
ol  thoft  wretches,  by  their  continued  firing 
on  them,  from  taking  a  bark,  in  wf.ich  they 
h.ul  but  jUll  then  been  trading  lor  gum- 
ar.ibiik.  ,\fterward.,  the /r,'w/i  agmt  was 
told,  that  molt  ol  thofc  Mco's  were  of  a 
co.mtiy  lyii'g  on  the  fide  of  mount  .-///.ij, 
ill  t!ie  kingilom  of  •'/'.iiuJiiiit,  and  that  they 
I. line  down  to  depoli;  (7/m»v(/(V^',  king  of 
till.  7i/.-r,'.>j,  cue  ol  the  mightielt  princes  ot 
th.u  i\irt  of  N:ii^riiia,  as  was  obferved  in  the 
dt  I'ci  iption  thereof.  \'oyage  of  M.  Je  (ioircs 
on  the  coail  of  .fr'ua,  iSf.  in  169-;,  pag. 
8,  and  9. 

In  yovcmher  1711,  when  I  wai  writing 
thi.,  .It  iioutbam;ioii,  a  I'lcmb  g.ntieman, 
brought  thither  jMifoncr  of  war,  and  who 
h.ul  tor  feveral  years  ufcd  the  Ciiiiira  trade, 
as  agent  tor  the  company  at  I'uri ,  of  the 
J'hoHo,  or  contract  with  .9/v(,v;,  torfurnilli- 
ing  the //'('//- //../ic.t  vvith  fiaves,  alfure'l  me, 
that  about  elc\en  or  fvelve  years  ago,  one 
Des  Aliirchnis,  who  has  lived  long  at  Sutexn, 
.IS  fcrvant  to  the  S,-i;c:(ii  company,  had  made 
very  confiderable  difcoveries  up  that  riverdiy 
means  of  flit-bottoin'd  boats  ;  having,  not- 
witlillandiiig  the  I  i'!s  th.it  are  about  (liiLimi, 
pineir.ited  ;ibove  live  hundred  le.iguc  s  up, 
and  Icttl  'd  a  very  benefidal  commerce  with 
the  leveral  nations  inlKbitin"  the  banks  of 
that  river,  foinc  ol  which  are  .ilinofl  white  •, 
thefVcwiV  keipiiig  fadoi  !■  s  among  them, 
and  purfuing  the  tradi  witn  An  h  advantagi' 
to  the  new  Haie^a conijuny  at  /'./>;j,  crcded 


in  the  room  of  the  other  that  was  before, 
that  the  king  ot  li amc,  to  encour.ig.  ',is, 
fubiedts  to  f  icli  ..lefui  undertakings,  lias  con- 
terr'd  i!ie  honour  of  kn.ghtliootl  of  St.  Liza- 
riii  on  the  laid  Z A-;  Miinbais,  andcaufed  his 
ilifcovcry  to  be  printed  in  I'rcncb. 

The  ifiand  QiUocreexs.  but  a  league  diflantRrM;,,, 
troi  1  the  continent,  and  four  from  Cj/t'-'/'Hur.,;, 
I'l-rJc.  The //f///,)/;,/tvj  firfi  fettled  a  colony 
tlure,  and  built  the  torts  ot  Si.  iia'cawnd 
St.  Muh.wU  which  are  Hill  :"  •-"■  '■•en.  After- 
wards the  count  d' F.jinys  made  himfejf 
m.ilter  of  the  place  in  167S.  The  Englijli 
took  it  from  the  I-hi/Jj  in  1692,  anv  de- 
molinicd  the  tbrtP  which  had  been  erected 
by  the  Dul.b  ;  at  latt  the  S^ufga  company 
iiaving  ret.iken  it  fiom  the  Eiiq^ltjh  in  1693, 
rebuilt  Sl  M:J.':h':\  fort,  am!  there  are  at 
prek'nt  in  the  ifl.ind  about  .1  hundred  I'lciub, 
with  liime  tamiliLS  of  L.tpto!,  who  are  free 
B'.aiki,  hir'il  by  the  company  to  trade  from 
one  coafl  tu  another. 

Some  time  alter,  tiic  Driicb  company, 
to  p;  Vent  any  fartlur  invafion  upon  Goc';r, 
caufed  the  upper  fort  .S'/.yU;r/',;,',  to  be  n.  built, 
litteen  foot  high,  and  turnilliM  it  with  thirty 
two  guns,  from  eighteen  to  thirty  (i.\ 
IKiunders,  an  e(]ual  number  of  eacli  ;  the 
latter  ot  whit  h  re.ich  a  mile  beyond  the 
gre.it  road  of  Greene  :  w  hcrcas  an  eighteen 
pi)under,  fir'd  from  abo.ird  a  (hip  in  the 
ro.ul,  cannot  reach  it,  which  nothing  under 
thirty  []k  pounilers  will  do  from  thence, 
as  has  been  exjerieiic'd  by  the  commander 
of  the  ifiand. 

The  Frrihl'   liave  built   a  tower  in  that  fjr/i-yj. 
fort,   which  lervesthcm  lor  a  powtlcr-room,''i>'.ji';'j 
but  they  keep  no  garrilon  there,  unlcfsui  on 
tlie  .-.pproach  of  an  enemy  ;    nor  are  there 
;iny  other  buildings  within  it,  but  Ijarrack^i 
lor  tl'.e  ioldiers,  to  It'rve  upon  otuUlon. 

They  have. dioererted  thre<:  batteries,  or 
breafi- works,  one  at  the  well  point  of  the 
bay,  of  I. 'tight  pounders;  another  at 
the  centre  ot  the  bay,  looking  to  the 
fouth,  from  the  pigeon-houfe,  towards  fort 
ycimaiidoi:,  or  St.  Fraiius,  of  16  eiglir 
pounders  -,  and  another  on  the  call  point, of  S 
eight  pounilers,  all  pointing  u;  oti  the  ic.ul, 
and  obtln. fling  the  l.inding  in  the  bay  ;  he- 
fides  fort  .S7. /V-,/;/!/),  wiiich  is  in  the  miilll 
of  them  all:  lothat  in  1701  there  were  m 
the  two  forts,  and  the  three  batteries,  ninety 
iron  guns  mounted,  and  about  three  hun- 
dred men  of  all  forts,  foldiers,  lea-men  and 
Bhiik  L/iftos,  at  the  Frencb  company's  cx- 
jKnce 

The  Frfvcb  have    alio  fettled  a  lai5toryo„v, 
at  tape  hmaiuid,  oppofite  to   Goertr,   aiidKrm-h 
another  at  Cane,  a  place  farther  e.tll  from  iIk/"''""' 
cape,  to  carry  on   their  trade  with  the  na- 
tives on  the  continent,  the  more  conveniently. 

This  account  w.is  given  me  by  a  l-'ri-iicb 
gentleman,  piiibner  of  war  at  Soutbamihit, 

in 


in  North  and  South-Guinea. 


4i? 


m  \^o(^,  w^i>  hnd  !wd  "t  Gofrtf  (bnietimc 
b  (o'e-  Ti  I  laid,  th: ;  lil.i.u  war. 'hjii  in  .  v  .-, 
goo  '  ;  <''lu  ^'ofcii-ienci  ;  aiida;  \S:''r\<vnfb 
gtn'lem.in,  prifoner  of  war  hITo  -tr .  's  :}:<tmp- 
ton,  -1"^'  niintion'd  in  thcpn-'-.-l.-ia  :'.<.--.'.v,'.».i: 
of  rhj  Sen  ^a,  not  only  .-.ofifivvieij  if,  Siit 
affirc'l  me,  that  but  t\u-M  \'-.*.;jr,  bfitbr';.  '-c 
faw  abo'.'e  fiven  hundr  J.  -i'MH  ciiou  f  f^.^v^■s 
at  oiuc,  in  tlie  booth  .t  <W(' •,  the  Irencb 
carr)ing  on  the  flave-a  ;;lf  -cry  brul:;v 
thereabouts,  and  'fpccialiy  a*ongJ:heo;''»|i3' 
river,  by  means  of  the  i;:y,e  .'i:;;.  /tries 
made  along  it  by  the  Chcv„i:;i  ..'.j  Mar- 
(bivs,  above  mentioned.  Thofc  flaves  are 
at  fcveral  tinusfcnt  over  from  thence  to  the 
booth  .It  Goene,  for  the  better  convcniency 
ot  iliipping  them  for  Jmerica  ;  the  bar  of 
the  river  S.i!,-;^.i  rendering  it  too  tedious  and 
ihuiy,erous  iur  fliips,  at  moll  times  of  tiie 
year,  as  I  obfervcvl  in  my  defcription  of 
the  co.iIls  of  Nigrilici. 


smti  /"' 


'M. 


1'  O  R  T  O    D  A  I,  I, 

IN  the  year  1686,  the  king  of  B.W,  who 
holds  ol'  the  king  of  Damek  revolting 
from  him,  obtained  a  compleat  vidory  over 
his  lover  ign,  near  this  port,  after  a  bloody 
fi;,hti  in  which  abund.mce  of  men  were 
kill'd  on  botli  fides,  and  thus  wholly  de- 
livered himfelf  from  fubjedlion  to  D.vwf/ ; 
an>l  prevented  his  two  fons,  who  affifted 
thtir  father  in  that  battle  with  their  forces, 
from  being  e{}ablinied  kings  in  that  country, 
which  he  fecured  to  himfelf;  tho'  before  he 
was  only  viceroy  to  Da-.ncl. 

This  pew  ufurper,  who  was  of  an  ambi- 
tious ti-inper,  and  a  bold  ftilful  commander, 
beins^  cncamp'd  '^virh  his  army  near  I-orto 
Dm,  in  ort'e-  o  advance  ^ainft  Dam:!; 
the  night  beiorc  i-e  movfd  ♦  om  thence, 
caufedall  the  ^iar.cuti  cr  pri.lls  to  mak« 
a  fokmn  pr<  '.X\-^n  through  the  town  of 
A'-i,  attendtvj  o^  a  great  crcad  of  people, 
to  pray  lor  the  (:oto  fi  -r-t  of  his  arms, 
finging  and  lhoii;:n;;.  A  lev  days  after 
he  deteated  Diima^....!,.  and  returning 
with  abundance  of  pr. loners,  (truck  fuciia 
terror  into  that  country,  that  mod:  of  the 
inhabitantj  oi  the  vill  ,.;es  fled  away,  to 
avoid  being  taken  and  made  flaves ;  as  it 
was  his  ctiitoin  to  do  with  thole  he  could 
;(,r  into  ills  powiT,  on  any  flight  pretence, 
./liich  matlc  him  much  dreaded  by  all  tlie 
people. 

A  I'h'nch  (h'\p,  that  happened  to  be  then 
in  tlie  road  of  Po-loDuIi,  on  board  wiiich 
v/.>'iCa'ciieuv;  who  gave  this  accourit, bought 
eigaty  flaves  of  the  prifonirs  of  war,  The 
rtll  of  file  prilbners  the  ufurper  fent  tov  ;rds 
the  country  of  iheMuoiJ,  to  be  exchanged 
lor  horf  s,  to  mount  his  cavalry. 

On  •  Liiiaiiuel,  a  Blach  ofqu.-.lity,  Alcaide 
or  p;overi'or  ofal  igeiown,  and  captain  of 
atroupof  horle  in  tlie  army,  cold  what  has 

Vol.   V. 


I>een  her-  faid  toCafeneuve  ;  and  added,  that  R a  \hot: 
havinj^  been  for  fome  time  furroundcd  by  ^VN* 
1  nuy  men,  who  fliot  arrows  at  him  like 
J  ''i,  he  preferved  himfelf  by  his  dex- 
IV  '/  iu  Managing  his  fliield,  fo  as  to 
"ovrr  his  oody,  and  receive  the  arrows  on 
h ;  and  that  their  troops  were  all  armed 
«'/ith  bows  and  arrows,  and  javelins,  only 
twerty  five  or  thirty  men  having  muflcets. 

This  Emanuel  gave  Cafeneuvt  a  fhort  ac- 
count of  his  life,  which  I  infcrt  here  for 
the  reader's  diverfun,  and  to  Ihow  the  inge- 
nuity of  the  Black. 

"  The  king,  fliid  he,  had  for;ncrly  foldN"'"*/' 
'«  me  for  a  flave  to  a  Dutch  captain,  who^g"^^  * 
"  finding  me  a  good  fervant,  in  his  paflage 
"  to  thtlVefl'Mies,    did  not  fell  me  to  the 
"  planters  there,  as  he  did  all  mycountry- 
"  men  he  had  aboard,    but  carried  me  with 
"  him  into  Hollind,  where  I  foon  learnt  to 
*'  Ipeak  good  Dutch,  ai-d  after  fome  years 
«'  he  let  me  free.     1  went  from  Holland  into 
"  Fiance,  where  1  loon  got  as  much  of  that 
"  langu.age  as  you  h  ar  by  me.     Thence  I 
«'  proceeded  to  Portuf^al,    which  language 
"  I  made  my  felf  mailer  of  with  more  eafe 
"  tiian  either  the /'>-f«c/j  or  Dutch.  Having 
"  thus  fpent  feveral  years  in  travelling  thro* 
"  Europe,  I  refolvedto  return  to  my  native 
"  country,  and  h'id  hold  of  the  hrft  op- 
"  portunity  that  o.T-red.     When  I  arriv'd 
"  here,  I  imrnedia'My  waited  on  the  king, 
"  who  had  fold  cm  fo  ..ilave,  and  having 
"  related  tc  him  my  tr.i/els  in  Em'ope,  ad- 
"ded,  I  was  come  back  to  hi  n,     o  puc 
"  my  felf  into  his  ha/ds,  as  his  .lave  again, 
"  if  he  thought  fit.    The  king  was  fo  far 
"  from  reducing  me  to  that  low  condition, 
"  that  he  gave  me  one  of   his  owp.  fiftcrs 
"  in  marriage,  and  conft ituted  \\r-  /I'cr.id'-, 
"  or  governor  of  this  town,  where  you  fee 
"me  live,  and  o'i  ihxi  o'i  PortuAal ;  tor  the 
"  pcrfon  who  acts  as  siovernor  there,  is  cnly 
"  my  deputy." 

G  -^  M  B  O  A. 

■\/lOnfieur  ^f  Geitnei,  whom   I    knew  inprcnrhf*- 

Frawfc,  engineer  in  the  King  of  Fri:!.,.e'sp'-l>'ii>'> 
fcrvice,    after  the  expedition   I  am  now  go-^"*  '■ 
iiig  to  fpeak  of,   was    made  governour  of 
part  of  ^t.  Chrijtopher's  ifland,    in    /  ■/<  ■•.(,<?, 
and  at  '.all  taken  at  fea  by  the  Er.^lijh,  and 
carry'd  to  PAww/zi,  where  he  died;   being 
ftnt,  by  the  king  of  Frar...'    ipprobation, 
with  a  little  fquadron  of  four  frigats,  one 
courvctte  of  war,  and  two  pinks,  carrying 
two  mortars  and  fix  hundred  bombs,  with 
all  forts  of  provifions  and  ammunition,  ne- 
celTary  for  a  long  voyage,   to  make  a  full 
difcovery  of  the  Itreights  of  Magellan,  and 
of  the  coafts  of  Nciv  S/mn  in  tli.  South-fea ; 
in  order  to  reap  the  advantages  th  .;  one  Ma- 
r>iy  and  on;-  Our-i  m.ul   out  might  be  ex- 
jj(,tfl<;d  freni  fuch  au  undertaking  i  they  ha- 
5  Q  ving, 


t 

• 

i^iliih 

'l-fi^^i^f' 

4^6 


Remarkable  Occurrences 


iii  111    : 


muAi- 


•  i:i . 


B.MiK.r  vin;;,  among  other  buccaneers,  taken  very  witli  provifions  for  the  fort ;  whilfl  one  of 

v^Y^*  i"ich  boo;i:s  from    tlie  Staiiiards    in  tliole  the  frigats  g.wc  di.ice  to  a  canoe,   in  whicl, 

J^>arr'.     The  king  fupplyVi  "V  Gtv;««  with  the  govcrrour  was  juffing  over  thither ;  but 

Ihips,  at  his  own  choice  i  and  the  iT-qjedl  finding  no  better  way  to  lave  himlclf,  leapM 

w.i    fo  wfll  approv'd  of,  on  account  of  its  into  tlie  water,  .ind  made  his  elcape  to  tiie 

nu\  liy.   that  Icveral  pcrfonsof  tiie  preatell  woods:  from  whmcc  lie  found  means  to  rt- 

quahty  n-adily  contributed  to  llie  equipi'iiig  tire  in  the  niglit  without  being  dilcovei'd. 
ofthoVi  fliips:   tio'thc  dcfign  miftarr'ied,         At    break  of  day   two  irc'nch  ftialljps 

the  Icjuadron  not  being  abl<   to  penetrate  any  fiil'd  three  leagues  up  the  little  river  Btock, 

firtlur  through   the  ftreights  of  MagctliVi  burnt  tlierc  two  Iniall  velfels  that  were  re- 

than  to  point  Galant,  on  the  north  fide  of  fitting,  and  carried  away  thence  two  pieces 

the  laid  llr  iglits,  and  in  the  country  of  the  of  cannon,  and  feveral  patiareros. 
7'.;  ,(i,w/Ji  being alwut  the  mid-way  through,         On  the  twenty   fourth,   at  eight  in  the 

by   re.dbn  of  the  contrary  cold  (1),  ' 


anil  hy  re.Jon  oi  tne  contrary  coiil  in..rii 
wiiiils,  with  abundam  e  ot  i.iin,  liail  and 
fiKiw,  and  their  provifions  beginning  to  tail, 
the  men  c  ating  rats,  and  gi\  mg  filt-en-penee 
a-piecL  for  them.  The  lealbn  being  very  fa' 
advane'd,  am  no  hopes  remaining  of  an 
fa\ourabh'  svii.  is  to  carry  them  throuy  i 
imo  the  Svi:b-Ji\i,  they  nturii'd  again  •'-  j 
the  north-fea,  on  the  eleventh  of  //  .. 
1()<)6,  louch'd  -M  Brazil  then  at  Ca-jrni.f, 
and  lallly  at  Maiiivho;  without  liuirg 
fo  happy  as  to  fee  thufe  fortunate  loafts  of 


morning,  the  In.nnb-galley  ciilihaigM  two 
bombs,  which  did  not  come  near  the  loit  •, 
"aid  there  fore  (/V  GV;,w>  (orhii.1  throwing  any 
more,  rclblviiig  to  wait  for  the  tiilt  of  llooti, 
that  he  might  bring  up  the  vifRls  witiii.i 
fiiot  of  the  place. 

In  the  me.m  while  the  comm muer  of  the 
fort,  J'.ib'i  lL:i:hiii-\,  having  lent  a  canoe, 
with  ,1  white  flag,  to  ililiu-  to  eapiculate, 
two  of  hi^  officcr.s  were  elet.iin'd  as  holl,i"-es, 
and  rwo  of  the  l-)\iicl.'  lent  to  the  loit,  to 
dr.iw  up  the  articles ;  whi^  h  were  fign'd  the 


/"cv.v,   whence  we  are  fupply'd  with  what  is     fame  day  by  i.ll  the  EngiiJ/j  officers,  and  the 


gereially  effeein'd  inoft  precious. 

To  return  to  the  fubjtct  in  hand  :  That 

iiicCcn-  fqu^dron  fail'd  from  Rothcl  on  the  third  of 

iic5,if      "June  i6^ Si  and  on  rhe  third   ot  Jul)(o\- 

tiamboa.   lowing  arriv'd  at  Goi'ree,  \n  Notlh-Guinea^ 

to  relrcfh  the  men.     Tiiere  an  En^Ujh  de- 

lerter,  from  7<'""'J-fort  in  Gaml'''ii-r\vei-,  in- 


next  dav  by  all  the  captains  of  the  fiqua- 
dron,  confining  of  nine  articles.  The  fecoi.d 
whereof  wa-,  that  every  man  fliall  be  per- 
mitted to  carry  .Jong  with  him  his  own 
arms,  bagg'ge,  cluils,  attire,  ammuni- 
tion and  money,  with  drums  beating,  and 
matches  lighted  ;  and  that  every  officer  lliall 


form'd  the /'>v;r/j  governour,  that  almolt     be  attended  by  a  young  Z;/rt,i.    The  eighth, 
"  the  g.arrifoii  was  fick,  and  in  want  of    thataveflel  with  three  malls  fli.Ul  be  given 


provifio.is.  /)('  Gciuits  refolving  to  improve 
tliat  accidentul  opportunity  to  moltft  the 
En;^' /h,  let  fail  for  Gamha-nver,  on  the 
ninciemth  oi  Jtil\,  taking  two  5.' -r (j  and 
tiie  Eii^iijh  deferter  for  his  guides.  On  the 
twenty  I'eccnd  all  the  fliips  enter'd  the  river, 
under  A'(;g///Z)  colours  ;  and  at  five  in  the  af- 
ternoon they  camo  to  an  anchor  within  a  Imall 
le.igue  of  the  fijrt,  and  immediately  inverted 
it  with  the  >  ourvette  .ind  fhallops,  to  pre\  ent 
the  cirrying  in  oi  any  provifions  or  other 
fuccours,  and  unmafted  one  of  the  pinks, 
to  convert  it  into  a  bomb-vefT  1. 

On  the  tw. nty  thiril  M.  de  Gi-nti's  lent  an 
t'l^T"'  ^^'^'^^  'o  fuinmon  the  fort  to  furiender.  Be- 
liili/ir/    '""  come  to   the  iflaiul,   he  was  rondudled 
blintifold  to  the  govcrnourN  houfe,   and  re- 
ceiv'd   by    the   lieutenant  ;    the  governour 
himlelf  being  then  ablent.     That  comman- 
der treated  the  officer  very  well  at  dinner, 
and  drank  the  healths  of  tiie  k'lngioi'  P'rnnce 
anil  England,  with  voUies  of  cannon,  and 
then  lent  him  back  with  this  aiifwer.   That 
he  would  defend  the  fort  to  the  lalt  ex- 
tremity. 
^  ,     ,  .      The  next  night,  between  the  twenty  third 
;,Pi,y/,.„  and  the  twenty  fourth,  the /•'t'«i7j  fhallops 


them,  with  artillery,  ammunition  and  pro- 
vifions, to  return  to  En;rla>:d,  without  de- 
taining any  thing  whatever  ;  and  that  tlicir^ 
dep'arture  fir  ill  be  within  thirty  days,  at^ 
f  .rthefl.  The  ninth,  that  they  fhall  have 
a  good  pals  to  go  in  faf  ty,  is'c.  The  tenth, 
that  tlie  above-mention'd  articles  being 
granted,  it  was  declar'd,  that  the  following 
goods  belong'd  to  ihe  royal  /Ifruan  com- 
pany of  EivijaihU  riz.  five  hundred  quin- 
tiU  of(  lephants  teeth,  three  hunlred  quin- 
rals  of  wax  ;  on-  Inn  'red  and  thirty  male 
and  forty  female  flaves  in  the  ifiaiui ;  fifty 
at  Gdofrr,  nd  above  ei;,hty  thoufand  crowns 
ot  merchan  li/e,  at  the  ufual  :ate  of  the 
country  ;  as  alio  Icvtuty  >wo  large  pieces 
of  cannon  mountid,  ihirty  iilm  unrel,  and 
a  confi.lerabl -quanutv  nf  ■.■  Hike  amnnini- 
tio'i,  (iff.  and  that  they  ll-o.ild  have  a  truce 
till  the  commander  in  chief  return'd  an 
anfwer. 

On  the  twenty  Imnrh  at  bre.ik  ol  day, 
the  major  of  the  fquaif  m  g.'ve  noiice  to 
the  Enghjl  commander  to  pi  (ure  tea  Ins 
departure,  the  term  gr..nted  b' "'ig  exnir'd. 
At  fix  a-cloi  k  the  fliailopj  an  I  canots,  ready 
fitted  up,  attended  on  the  commid  jre,  and 


took  a  brigantine  and  feveral  canoes,  laden    then  drop'd  anchor  in  a  line,  within  piftol- 

fhoc 


iiykl:fiB<':<'i 


lilft  one  of 

,  in  wliidi 
iihcr ;  but 
kir,  leapM 
xyii:  to  tht 
fans  to  re- 

ICOVl'l'ii. 

■Ij  flialbps 
iver  Bicck, 
It  were  re- 
two  pieces 

IS, 

iglit  in  tlie 
liai[:;M  two 
■  the  toit  i 
owinj^  any 
idf  ol  I'.ooii, 
ni-ls  witliiii 

iiut'r  of  tlic  J.;, , , 

nt  a  canoe  MfHi,;,„„ 

capitulati.-, 

as  holla^es, 

the  ton,  to 

c  figiiM  the 

ITS,  and  the 

if  the  fqua- 

The  fecoi.d 

(liall  be  ptr- 

im  his  own 

f,  amnnini- 

Deating,  and 

<  otRter  lliall 

|t  he  eighth, 
be  given 

on  and  pro- 
without  lie- 
that  tiicir 

ty  days,  at 
Ihall  have 
Tlic  tenth, 
being 
tollowing 
iavi  com- 
ndred  quin- 
Iretl  quin- 
hirty  male 
am)  ;  iit'ty 
ind  crowns 
ate  of  the 
arge  pieces 
iinrel,  and 
aniniuni- 
a\e  a  truce 
turn'd  an 

eal;  ol  clay, 
e  notice  to 
are  tor  his 
ng  cxnir'd. 
jnots,  ready 
lidjre,  and 
liin  piftol- 
Ihoc 


id 


Arlidii. 


dc 


/;/  North  and  South-Guinea. 


4^7 


mi"' 


{hot  rtf  the  forr.  The  Fremb  officer,  that 
was  cliofen  for  gover.iuur,  went  firfl  afliore  \ 
where  the  Englijh  commander  gave  him  the 
keys,  andemharkM  at  the  fame  time  to  go 
aboard  the  Felicity.  Afterwards  all  the 
forces  landed  5  centincls  were  plac'd  at  all 
tlie  necedary  pnlh  •,  the  French  llandard  was 
fet  up  >  Ti'  1)  urn  was  fung  by  the  chap- 
lains of  the  fquadron  •,  and  thirty  feven  guns 

iir'd. 

On  the  twenty   eightii  a  French  officer 
went  to  defire  the  king  of  B.ir,  to  give  them 
leave  to  take  pflinion  of  the  flaves  and 
oxen,  which  the  Eng:Uh  had   in  his  domi- 
nions ;  to  wiiich  the  king  reply'd,  that  the 
fort  being  furreiuler'd,  every  thing  that  was 
left  on  the  land,  of  very  good  right  l)eiong'd 
to  him.     'riie  otfia-r  loid   him,  that   the 
commander  of  the  tqiiadron  would  not   be 
fo  liitisfy'd  ■,  An^  that  if  he  relusM  to  grant 
Fenr'i'f  his  demands   wilfn2,ly,   he  would  ci.Ttainly 
/•'-.";'f''-(io  jiimlelt  jullice  by  force  of  arms.     And 
"links'    indeeii  a  council  was  held  about  that  anlwer  -, 
and  tor  as  much  as  it  w.is  well  known,   that 
at  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  he  had  leiz'd 
on  merchandize  roihe  v.due  of  above  torty 
thoufand  (towns  belonging   to  the  Fiend}, 
who  tradeil  on  tluit  river,  it  was  dc'erniin'd 
to  make  a  defcent,  to  take  the  king  pri- 
Ibner,  with  as  many  of  his  people  as  could 
be  found,  and  to  burn  all  their  hutts. 
This  decree  was  ready  to  be  put  in  execu- 
p;,,^;„tion,  when  an  yll:aide  lanie  to  pafs  a  com- 
lamii.    plinient  on  de  Geiines,  and  to  alRirc  him, 
that  the  king  was  unwilling  to  engage  in  a 
waragainll  him;  but,  on  tlie  contrary,  very 
defiious  to  entertain  a  friendly  correfpon- 
denee  with  him  -,  and  that  he  migiit  freely 
take  whatever  he  fliould  think  tit:  and  ac- 
coidinglv  the  next  liay  fie  Gcnncs  went  to 
give  the  king  a  vilit,  (sc. 

On  the  thirtieth  a  council  was  held,  to 
iletermine  whether  the  fort  Ihould  be  kept, 
or  fliglued.  The  latter  advice  w.is  tbllow'd, 
lor  feveial  realbns  •,  and  therefore  the  lldps 
drew  near,  to  take  in  all  the  merchandize 
that  were  to  be  exported.  They  confided 
ot  feveral  pieces  ot  ordnance,  a  great  quan- 
tity of  arms  elephants  teeth,  wax,  veliels 
of  tin  and  copper,  t^c.  woollen  and  linnen 
cloth,  printed  calicoes,  coral,  glalTes,  and 
other  commodities;  with  which  a  great 
trade  is  drove  in  that  country. 

On  the  tourteenth  of /^«^«/^  l\\c  EiigHJh 
officers  failM  for  Cast-nn.',    in  one    of  the 
pinks  w'ith  one    hundred  and  fifty    flaves 
llnit  up  in  the  hold ;  but  thole  poor  .-ret- 
ches, fcarce  having  room  to  breath,  thi''w 
themfelves  one  upon  another,  as  it  were  in 
delpair,  lb  that  thirty   four  of  them  were 
found  nilled. 
-,^P^       The  teventeenth,  eighteenth,  nineteenth 
T/jriii.'ind  twentieth  days,  were  fpent  in  breaking 
pil'l     the  cannon  at  St.  /rtwfj's-fort,  and  under- 


mining the  wall.     On  the  twenty  fecond  theBARBor. 
mines  tprung,  and  cook  very  good  etftft.    v^V>^ 

The  Engli/h  fpent  feveral  years  in  building 
that  fort,  which  ftood  in  the  middle  of  a 
fine  river,  where  the  traffick  Is  very  confi- 
derable  ;  and  the  profits  they  receive  from 
thence,  are  computed  to  amount  to  a  mil- 
lion of  livres  yearly  :  fo  th  -.t  the  lofs  of  that 
place  cannot  be  eafily  repair'd. 

Oiiihe  twenty  tburth,  at  noon,  the  fqua- 
dron pafs'd  down  the  river ;  and  the  next 
day,  about  eight  a-dock  in  the  morning, 
prepar'd  to  lail.  The  free-buoter  of  St. 
Domingo,  who  had  put  into  the  ri/er  on  the 
fourteenth,  tail'd  at  the  fame  time,  and 
I'aHing  by  the  commadore,  faluted  him. 
The  fquadron  licer'd  iriT  Brazil ;  and  the 
free-booter  fur  the  Red-fca.  D:  Gennes  had 
given  tiiat  free- hooter's  crevv  two  jiieces  of 
cannon,  with  powder,  ball,  and  fome  oxen, 
on  condition,  that  in  their  palTige  they 
(liould  let  the  Black  prince  of  Alii  •.  alhorc 
in  ills  own  dominions,  he  having  him  in 
charge  ;  hut  could  n-t  p--!  form  'uhat  himlelt, 
without  iiucrrupu.i'r_;  ti;e  voyage  he  was 
upon. 

The  royal  .ifrican  company  of  Enj^Lind.,  f.,v';ii1i'*- 
having   the  lucceeding    years,    witli  very  tuiU  iheir 
great  expencc,  cauied  ^^'''''.J- fort  to  be  re-/""- 
built,  and  the  trade  to  be  carried  on  again  ; 
the  French  made  anot.ier  attempt    on  it  in 
1702,  according  to  the  account  in  the  Paris 
Gazette,    of  the  eleventh  of  Jpn!   1703, 
which  is  as  follows : 

By  the  Grcybound,  arriv'd  at  Nan'z,  we 
have  advice,  that  captain  di  la  R'.quc  in  the 
frigat,  callMthe  .V/«'w'«t,  King  the  fame  |^[™ ,  ^. 
p.ilbn  that  cniiiman  led  a  trigat  in  the  lor-  ^.,„». 
nier  expedition  under  M.  de  Gennes,  at 
yiivi^j-tort  in  G"  ('«/'«.i  river,in  the  year  1  695, 
and  cajJtain  deSl.  I'tiu  IrHie,  in  rhe  Ilennione 
frigat,  have  taken  from  the  Awij/i/i  the  fort 
in  Gdtnhoa-\wer,  in  (Guinea,  where  they 
found  two  huntlred  and  fifty  flaves,  and  a 
confiderable  '|..'tu!ty  of  mercliandize  ;  and 
afterward'-  ranliim'o  the  laid  tbrt,  that  it 
might  'lOt  ie  dem.ol-.'Ti'd,  for  one  hundred 
thoufa  id  cr  .wns,  Ca^'tain  ..',•  la  Roque  \si.% 
kdl'd  n  th(  attack. 

An  'in\l['b  maffee  o  a  fliip  told  me  in 
London,  tlut  he  uled  .0  trade  in  Gamboc- 
rivcr,  witi.  a  vefl'cl  of  about  fixry  tons;  in 
which  he  faii'd  two  hundred  leagues  up 
that  .iver,  and  found  there  a  very  iM'itl<  ad- 
vantageous tradv  ot  elepaants  teeth,  wax  and 
fla\  .-s. 

In  the  year  1709,  the  Fnixh  made  a 
third  attempt  on  {on-'James,  as  appears  by 
the  account  in  the  Paris  Gazette,  of  the 
ninth  of  Novembn-  ijoq,  as  follows : 

We  haver(ceiv'd  uU  ice,  that  M,  Parent, 
an  officer  of  the  marine,   being  commadore  j-«t«  ;/  « 
of  four  frigats,  fitted  out  for  priv  tccring  ihirdtimt 
on  the  coafl:  of  Guinea,  lias  taken  from  the 


■  "i!l'''>»i'l 


Wo;..-,* 
IS-   '  jhI 


m 


ifllll! 


428 


Remarkable  Occurrences 


Jil     -Si  1    ' 

JbU\. 


dpi    J 


t¥: 


&    I 


•|M- 


■iii; 


BAftnoT.  F.iiU/h  the  fort  of  Gamboa,  in  Africa,  and 
^'V^'.i  fhip  laden  withfl.ives.  Thiit  lie  afterwards 
made  a  del'cent  on  the  iflc  of  St.  Temr,   be- 
longing to  the  PortugHf/e,  took  the  town  and 
caftle,  fsV.  Fid.  hereafter  St.  Tome. 

After  fo  many  .iflaults  made  by  the  French 
on  fort  Si.  James,  in  Gamboa-iiv a,  and 
upon  other  places  belonging  to  the  African 
company,  in  North  and  Soutb-Grinea,  the 
company  thought  fit  to  abandon  the  faid 
fort  during  the  late  war  with  France  :  and 
thus  the  trade  of  that  river  was  left  open  to 
all  Europeans  indifferently,  and  has  turn'd  to 
the  great  advantage  of  fevcral  private  adven- 
turers J  fome  European  nations  having  fmall 
rcfidences  there,  and  efpecially  at  Gellefrie : 
however,  the  bell  part  of  that  trade  falls  to 
the  Englifh,  and  in  the  next  place  to  the 
French  Senega  company  5  whofe  affairs,  as  I 
faid  before,  are  now  in  a  better  pollure  than 
they  were  before  the  renewing  or  fubftitu- 
ting  of  the  new  company  to  the  old  one. 

B  I  s  s  o  s. 
N  my  dtfcription  of  Guinea,  I  tookno- 
ofa  grant  made  by  the  Black  king  of 


I rench 

frdory. 


tl.c 


I 

Biffoi  to  the  Portuguefe,  to  trade  and  fettle 
tliere,  exckifive  of  all  other  Europeans  \  but 
not  long  after,  the  natives  obferving,  that 
tiie  Portuguefe  had  built  a  fort  with  eigi,t 
guns,  oppos'd  their  defign  of  ingroffmg  the 
whole  trade  of  their  ifland,  and  laid  it  open 
to  all  flvangers  reforting  to  their  ports ;  who 
may  carry  on  their  commerce  there  with  all 
imaginable  fafety,  and  without  apprehen- 
ding any   iniult,  if  they  offer  none.     The 
French  have  now  a  great  trade  there  ;  and 
for  its  greater  fecurity  have,  of  late  years, 
cr'  5i:ed  a  little  fort,  with  eight  guns  and  a 
faftory,  on  a  fmall  ifland,   near  to  a  large 
one,  lying  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  ot'St.Do- 
mingo,    not  far  from  Cacheo  ;  betwixt  which 
and  the  mainland,  on  tiie  north-fide,  is  a 
channel.    From  that  faftory  they  carry  on 
a  trade,  not  only  with  the  Blacks,  but  alfo 
withthi  Portugtief?  oi Cacheo,  receiving  gold 
and  flaves  for  fmall  anchors  and  graplings, 
for  (luops  and  boats  of  ti  n  or  twelve  ton§, 
bramly  the  moft  flaplc  commotiity,  a  little 
coral,  i^c.     And  the  Portuguefe  have  fuch 
confideive  in  thr  French  faftors,  they  will 
a^'vance  or  r'lft  them  with  a  confidcrable 
nur  iber  of  fluvcs  fro  n  tmie  to  time,  to  be 
rep  iid  ill  the  a'love-mention'd  goods,  at  the 
return  of  the  lliips  the  French  fend   ihofe 
fl.ives  by  to  Oic  IVrft-Imliei,  and  thence   to 
Fr  ince :    fo  that  '-very   French  fhip,    that 
comes  to  B'Jp).,  brinies  one  hundred  and 
thirty,  oi   o.k-  hundred  an.l  fifty  fmall  an- 
chors :ind  graplings,  (sc  whioii  ferve  the 
Pjriui.^f    to  equip  their  brigantincs  and 
fl  »ips,  they   emiioy   in   great  number   to 
f;iil  >:')  th'j  nei,i;hoO'irin</,  ti>   rs  and   iflaiids, 
v*.'iJK'tiiey  drive  a  coulidv.rable  trade. 


I  had  the  following  memoir  from  a  French 
man  in  1702,  he  being  then  newly  come 
from  the  French  factory  at  Bijfos. 

That  fadtory  is  enclos'd  with  a  courtin 
defended  with  fix  or  eight  iron  guns,  to 
(belter  the  company's  fervants  from  the  at- 
tempts and  frequent  injuries  of  the  trouble- 
foine  turbulent-fpirited  Blacks  of  Biffbs,  and 
for  the  prelcrvation  of  their  traffick  and 
merchandize:  and  yet  the  French  there 
have  been  fo  often  abus'd  and  molcfl  :d  by 
them,  that,  about  the  year  1708,  t  ■]•  had 
thoughts  of  retiring  from  among  fo  outra- 
geous a  people  to  Coerce 

Paris  Gazette,  November,  1 694,  Lisbon, 
Oilober  26,  1694.  That  a  vcifel  come  from 
Cacheo,  near  Caho-Verile,  has  brought  over 
a  Black  prince,  call'd  Batonto,  fon  to  Ba- 
compcloco,  king  of  the  ifieof  5j^i;j,  fituatc 
betwixt  the  branches  of  the  river  Ni^er. 
His  father  has  ftnt  him  over  to  be  bapilz'd  1 
and  the  ceremony  at  his  baptifm,  is  to  be 
celebrated  on  the  fourth  of  next  Novemher, 
That  prince  begs  likewile  the  protedioii  of 
the  king  of  Porlugid;  and  that  he  wiii  be 
pleas'd  to  caufea  fort  to  be  credted  in  his 
ifland.  and  to  fend  over  thither  Ibme  mi/no- 
naries. 

Lisbon,  Novemher  9,  1694.  In  the  Pa- 
ris Gazette  of  the  eighteenth  of  December 
following. 

The  thirtieth  of  the  laft  month,  the  fieur 
Contarini,  the  pope's  nuncio,  baptiz'd  in  the 
chapel  of  the  caflle  the  prince  Baionio,  fon?')j)^i  ■ 
to  the  king  of  the  ifle  of  Biffan,  fituate  in«Lv.'  '^' 
the  river  Niger,  in  eleven  degrees  latitude. 
The  king  ftood  for  his  godfather  i  he  was 
named  Emanuel,  and  prefented  with  a  jewel 
valu'd  at  eight  hundred  piltolcs.  The  queen 
was  in  the  tribune,  with  the  ladies,  all  the 
nobility  affifting  at  the  ceremony  ;  and  the 
chapti  was  throiig'd  with  a  vaft  uuniber  of 
people. 

Si  E  R  R  A-L  EON  A. 

r\  N  the  fevcnteenth  of  July,   1704,  two 
^^  fmall  French  men  of  war,  commanded  ^•"8"^" 
by  the  fieur  Guerin,  attended  by  nine  otherfe  '*"' 
fail  of  fhips,  took  the  Englijh  fort  at  Sierra- 'h,^m:\ 
Leona,    fituate   in   an    ifland  diftant  nine 
leagues  from  the  road,  before  th't  houfe  of 
John  Thomas,  a   Negro-c\\\tf,  witLoiK  any 
refiflance  made  by  the  Englijh  commander, 
who  fled  from  the  fort,  with  about  one  hun- 
dred men,  before  he  was  attack'd  -,  and  left  in 
it  only  a  gunner,  and  eleven  or  twelve  men, 
who   fir'd  forty  or  fifty  fliot  before  they 
furrender'd. 

That  fort  was  very  handfomely  built  with 
four  regul.ir  baflions,  and  had  very  fine  ware- 
houfes  and  lodgings  within  it,  mounted 
with  forty-four  guns :  over  the  gate  was  a 
pi  uform,  and  on  it  four  large  pieces,  which 
might  have  done  very  good  fervicc  uponoc- 
cafion. 

The 


/■;/  North  and  South-Guinea. 


42p 


T''.-'  Vrmcb  pill.iR'd  ami  IcvflM  it,  afttT 
jiiviniJ,  c  irricd  .iw.iy  four  tliourinii  clciili.ints 
teeth  th.it  were  in  it,  biTnles  three  thoufind 
thit  were  abo.i  I  a  little  \\\\[i,  riding  hchinil 
tlic  iflinil,  Willi  alnmil.ince  of  mcrcliamlize 
fit  lor  the  nadf  ot  the  country. 
L  Alter  this  expedition,  the  French  fquadron 
SJ^iffl.fulM  along  the  Go'.d  Cotifl  of  Guinea^  and 
tlirnce  to  Niiigo,  Lay,  I.cmpa,  purchafing 
fl.ivcs  there,  as  alfoat /.i7/(.'  anti  OVi-a/  Popo, 
and  "Ot  tlie  gnatell  quantity  of  them  at  the 
two  lart  port  i ;  and  having  their  coniiiliment, 
pioceedcd  to  Cartagena,  ami  oiIkt  poi  ts  of 
j\V.t'  Sfain,  to  difpofeof  them  for  the  joint 
account  "f  th'^  /Ilih-nto  ;  and  in  their  retiirn 
from  thence  to  France,  with  a  rich  cargo, 
confiding  modi y  of  gold  mid  b.illion,  were 
iiKtnear  the  Havana,  by  fom.-  lin!':/h  men 
ct'  war,  from  "Jamaica,  who  took  them  ; 
Cti^rin  the  commodore  being  kili'd  in  liie 
fiirlit  •,  and  one -J cj tier,  who  ws  anofTicer 
in'^hislliip,  and  gave  me  this  account,  on 
the  fifth  o\  Decem'jer  1706,  was  brought 
over  from  y.i'Wfi/'v;  and  Ncw-llrk,  to  the 
[irifon  at  Sciithampton. 

Siii;i«r.r,o  ^r  Ci; i(bi;uo  River. 

IN  tiie  year  16.^8,  I  w.isoftm  importun'd 
by  one  *  *  *  wiio  had  jull  betbic  made 
three  voyages  fucc.lTiveiy  to  tliat  river,  to 
be  concerned  in  a  new  adventure  thither, 
under  his  conduil ;  but  being  then  dee[)ly 
tngag'd  another  way,  at  the  coall  o\  Caiabar, 
I  did  not  .icccpt  of  tiie  propofal,  which  was 
to^  fit  out  a  little  fliip  of  .d)0Ut  fevi  nty  or 
eighty  tuns,  not  drawing  above  I'evcn  foot 
.ind  a  half  water :  the  coll  antl  out-fet  of 
which  he  computed  at  five  hundred  pounds, 
;iiui  wi'.h  another  five  hundred  pounds  of  the 
(roods  mentioned  in  the  dtfcription  of  that 
rivi  r,  he  was  pofitivc  to  bring  back  for  that 
cirgo,  as  he  had  done  at  his  lalt:  voyage, 
luity  five  ttiiib  weight  ot  CaM'-^ooJ,  then 
luid  in  London  at  ninety  pounti  a  tun,  and 
five  tuns  of  elephants  teeth  ;  tho'  lie  had 
ten  tuns  at  his  former  voyage,  which  yielded 
tlien  two  iiundrcd  pound  a  tun  :  andengig'd 
to  p-rform  that  voyage  in  ten  inontlb,  out 
and  iiome. 


ISSENI    or   ASSINV, 

Al  the  beginning  of  the  Gold  Coall. 

European  Mercury  for  the  year  1701,  printed 

at  Paris. 
A  Not'ier  pagan  prince  is  brought  over  to 


If--"  the chritli'.n  faith,  namely,  Leivii  ILm- 
r.ih/il,  king  of  .S'jr;;;,  (which  he  miftakes  for 
Ifftni)  on  the  Gold  Coaft  of  /Ifrica ;  who  after 
having  been  a  long  time  inllrufted  in  the 
cliriltian  principles,  and  bapiiz'd  by  the 
hifliop  ot  Meaux,  the  king  being  his  god- 
father, received  the  facrament  of  tlic  1  -ord's- 
futiper  on  the  twenty  feventh  of  February, 
Vol.  V. 


from  the  cardinal  rle  Noaills,  and  ofTeredat  Rarhot. 
the  fame  time  a  jiicture  to  the  bletTed  virgin,  v^v"»«^ 
to  whole  protedlion  he  fiibmitted  his  tciri- 
tories,  having  tuade  a  vow  at  his  return 
tiiither,  to  ule  his  utmoll  eiulcavours  to- 
wards tile  I  onvcrfion  of  his  fuhiecb.  This 
MooriJJj  prince  di  pai  teil  on  the  twenty  fourth 
of  this  month,  in  order  to  embark  at  port 
Louis,  and  be  conveyed  home  by  two  or 
three  men  of  war,  uiu'.er  the  command  ot 
the  chevalier  Damon. 

This  pretended  prince  of  J/F'ny,  was  the 
fecond  of  that  fort  carried  over  into  France  ; 
for,  as  I  obferved  before,  de  Gemie',  who 
ranfack'd  tiie  Eng'ijb  fort  James  at  Gambod 
in  i6j5,  had  charge  of  a  prince  of  /llliny, 
whom  at  Gand'oa  he  put  aboard  a  I'rench 
tree-boottr  of  6'.'.  Domingo,  that  w.is  put  into 
lint  place  bound  to  tiie  Rcd-fci,  whom  lie 
ihirged  to  let  him  alliore  in  his  own  terri- 
tories in  hij  p.fiage  thither. 

But  whatever  thole  two  princes  of  /Ifny 
were,  we  are  tol.l  by  t!ie  following  iiarrariv,- 
of  A  Dutch  man  who  lived  thirteen  years,  as 
he  fays,  at  the  Go.'dCoaJI,  and  h.ul  been  at 
Ijfc'iy,  that  as  flupid  as  the  Blacks  are,  yer 
lome  among  them  have  impofed  upon  the 
court  ()(  France. 

Some  years  fince,  fays  that  author,  (/?»/- nutrli 
?nan,  p.  420.)  the  French  ufed  to  fei/.e  all/'«7. 
the  Blacks  that  came  aboard  liieir  fhips,  anil 
to  fell  them  into  i\k  IVejf-h.'dici  torfl.ives; 
among  whom  happen'd  to  be  the  aforefaid 
Lewis  Hannibal,  (hridin'd  in  France:  but 
finding  him  entlow'd  with  a  more  fjirighily 
genius  than  his  other  countrymen,  infleadof 
felling,  they  c.irried  him  to  th  French  court, 
where  that  impollor  pretcniled  to  be  Ion  and 
heir  apparent  to  the  king  of  AJIiny  ;  by 
which  means  he  fb  infinaatetl  himl'elf  into 
the  gooi.1  opinion  of  the  court,  that  the  king 
made  him  feveral  rich  prefents,  and  fenc 
him  back  to  his  own  country  in  the  manner 
above  related  ;  but  at  hii  ariival  on  the 
coad,  he  was  dilcovered  to  be  only  a  dive 
to  a  Caboceiro  of  jifi'ny,  to  whom,  loon 
after  his  arrival,  he  returned  ;  and,  as  I  am 
credibly  informed,  iiidead  of  converting  his 
fubjefts  to  chridianity,  is  himlelf  return'd 
to  paganifm. 

You  may  cafily  guefs,  adtls  the  author, 
at  the  refentment  of  the  French  court,  after 
being  lb  ridieuloudy  bubbled  by  a  dave,  if 
you  confiiler  that  by  this  means  thty  loll 
their  aim,  which  was  to  get  footing  on  the 
Gold  Cuaft  ;  and  bcfides,  that  the  pious  in- 
tentions of  his  mod  chridian  majefly,  to 
convert  a  heathen  prince,  and  edablidi  him 
on  his  throne,  were  frudrated  ;  the  cardinal 
de  Noailles,  and  the  bidiop  of  Meaux  la- 
bour'd  in  vain ;  and  in  fliort,  the  whole 
French  court  was  difappointed  of  its  expefta- 
tion.  However, we  have  nothing  but  Bofman'-i 
word  for  the  truth  of  this  unlikely  ftory. 

5  R  The 


«li*:lr) 


*   I 


M'it 


'*    \«i'|' 


iii' 


'ii' 


i),.!'-: 


'?,V 


4^0 


Remarkable  Occurrences 


■M 


*lif!:1l' 


'  i">*  i 


M 


r*  ^r;  I- 


Ircmh 


Uahiiiw,  Tlie  clievslier  Piwww,  who  luil  brought 
V^Y^i'ovfr  the  prftcmiol  prinii- of  ,///(«y  in  1701, 
ami  w.is  li  lie  with  incn  am)  in.itcn.ils  tohuiUI 
a  t"<  I  tluiL',  anil  leiile  a  f.u'tory,  lor  tin- 
/III nan  I onip.iny  oi  /Wmiir,  timlmt;  himltlf, 
as  wi-11  as  liii-  J''r,-iicb  court,  iinpulal  U|)oii 
hy  Hanmkil,  and  not  being  alilc  to  prevail 
with  the  true  king,  to  gel  Iboiing  on  the 
rontiiitnt,  but  only  on  a  little  idanil,  near 
the  inoutii  ol  , •////«)  river,  let  Ins  men  lo 
work,  ami  erected  a  ("ort  with  eight  guns, 
to  feeure  the  factory  he  rettled  liiere,  which 
the /•'/■'•Ml ''had  lor  many  year  '"■toreluliourM 
to  accomplilli  ;  that  being  a  place  where 
there  is  a  great  deal  of  the  purcll  ami  tinell 
gold  of  ..II  Giiinci;  ami  h  iving  left  a  (aitor 
there  with  iwi^^lvc  or  fiftd  ,1  /»v/;ci&-inen,  re- 
lumed to  hance 

The  D:i:.b,  growing  jealous  of  that  new 
letiknient  of  the  licihh,  at  lo  advantageous 
a  place,  and  the  war  breaking  out  with 
/■Vwwc^  in  1702,  refolved  tooblhiict  It  •,  and 
to  that  purpol. ,  as  the  Paris  G.iZette  of 
O.-.'ol'ci-  the  I'eveiiteenth  170^,  informs  u^, 
they  ct|.iipp'd  at  Mini  lour  viiris  to  att.uk 
the  fori,  whicluh.'  /•/•I'/.i.)  hail  builcai  /•/wv  ; 
wlr.'r :  being  landed,  they  Wire  reccivnl  wiili 
i'o  much  bravery  by  the  fi  ur  Liv.e,  tlu- 
chief  factor,  that  they  were  lorcM  to  retu.-, 
with  the  lols  of  twefy-five  men  kill'U, 
among  wiiom  was  their  thief  ingenecr,  and 
elev(  n  taken  prifoners,  leaving  their  canoes 
beliind  them. 

Some  time  before  this,  whether  tlie  French 
did  not  behave  themfelvcs  towards  the  na- 
tives as  was  tor  their  inter;  it,  or  whether 
the  king  of  /iffnty  was  put  upon  it  by  the 
//rjil.iiuU-rs,  and  repented  the  grant  he  had 
made  to  ihcJ'rciuh  •.  one  who  was  there  at  the 
latter  end  of  the  year  1701,  aflcmg  of  the 
Black-  how  they  agreed  with  tlw FrcHi b,  they 
aniwer'd,  that  all  tlie  Cahceiroi  of  /Ijjiny, 
and  their  fubjecti,  were  gone  from  thence, 
and  had  fefl-'d  a  mile  above  the  vilLijy, 
where  they  continued  at  that  time,  without 
entertaining  the  leall  commerce  and  corre- 
fpondence  with  the  French,  who  had  only  a 
bare  lodge  on  the  flioar,  encompafTeil  with 
pallifadoes,  and  provided  wuh  five  pieces  of 
cannon, and  then  guarded  by  eight  men,  who 
were  well  furnifliM  with  provifions  lett 
there  by  t\\f:  French  fhips,  but  Ibiiu  times  in 
great  want  of  water,  which  the  natives  al- 
ways endeavour'd  by  torce  to  keep  them 
from  :  and  were  therefore  of  opinion,  that 
unlefs  they  received  fome  aHillancc  from  Eu- 
rope, they  could  not  long  fubfilt  there  ;  but 
would  be  obi  igetl  to  abandon  the  place  upon 
thefirfl  opportunity. 

And  perhaps  it  was  upon  futh  a  report 
fpread  abroad  at  the  Go'd-Co.ijl,  that  the 
Dutch  from  Mina  attempted  to  attack  that 
French  fettlement  as  foon  as  the  war  was 
proclaim'd  againft  France,  whicii  was  done 


inMay  1702.  i  lowever,  they  failed  in  their 

attempt,  as  has  been  fiid  before  1  ihc  Freiub 
having,  it  I'eems,  put  themlelves  in  abetter 
poltuh  ol  d'Jencc  ih  in  they  were  the  year 
bifore,  or  elfc  the  /).(/iA  had  no  right  ar- 
'"ount  ol  till  ir  coiulition. 

\  lowever.the  Fym  h  being  at  variance  with 
then.itives,  and  lonfequcnily  having  liitje 
or  no  trade,  the  company  lii  tar  negl(  died 
thiir  liiv.iiiis  there,  that  in //(«,•  1704,  prr- 
reiving  the  hatted  of  the  liliiki  agaiiill  tlieni 
Hill  eiKreafeil,  and  ha\ing  no  'iirt  ot  trade 
th' y  embarked  tor  /'r.iu,e,  after  having 
I'.vell'd  thiir  t.idory  to  the  ground. 

I  h.id  tl.i-,  aciouiu  from  one  [\rqiiei  of 
Dief/e,  who  was  then  iirefent  at  the  blow- 
ing up  of   the  lodge. 

I  VOK  V    Co  A  ST. 

Brni.iril  T,!idnuui\  letter,  il.ned  ComwenJo, 
the  liventh  o^ Fibruui^j,   1701-2. 

A  S  lor  trade,  1  have  met  with  very  little 
•^  at  the  Ivory  Co  i//,the  B:,h  h  b-.ing  afraid 
to  come  .ibo.ird  Enii^ijh  lliips,  as  iiaving 
been  trieke<l  by  feveral  1  pai  tietil.irly  of  late 
by  briginiines  belonging  to  'Ja>n:tu,i  and 
lia'itiflo  !,  wliiili  about  the  nineteenth  of 
Drcembcr  I. ill,  did  luiprile  and  carry  away 
with  them  twenty  tour  BLuks,  belonging  to 
Drewin,  with  fixteen  cows,  and  a  great  par- 
cel of  teeth,  as  they  came  aboard  to  trade. 
Some  were  rcdeemctl,  but  h.id  three  for  c.ic : 
the  lame  methml  they  take  all  alonj'  the 
coaft  ;  lo  that  it  there  be  no  taie  taken  to 
l)revent  Inch  villanies,  our  Eni;l:/h  colours 
will  be  ol  no  ufe  lo  us ;  tor  the  BliicLi  me- 
ditate revenge,  and  are  refolved  to  leize 
what  they  can.  Accordingly,  on  the  twenty 
leventh  ol'  D.cftiiber,  t  iptain  Daniel Fiwis, 
of  the  Ddphin  floop,  belonging  to  LonJon, 
being  at  anrjior  otf  ot  Drru/in,  to  trade,  a 
griat  nuniber  ot  natives  came  aboard,  .ind 
lurpriz'd  them  all,  took  all  th.it  was  in  the 
velicl,and  run  her  afliore,  where  Hie  ll.ivcd  in 
pieces.  The  mate  and  boatlwain  el'caped  in 
the  boat,  but  the  commander,  and  the  reft 
of  his  men  they  drove  up  into  the  country  ; 
fince,  they  are  more  moderate  tothem,  and 
have  admittetl  of  an  exchange  for  the  cap- 
t.iin  and  his  eook,  t.iking  fix  BIilL  for 
then);  the  dodlor  islikewile  cle.ired  by  rea- 
fon  they  had  cut  his  head,  and  could  not 
tell  what  to  do  with  him.  Capt.iin  Le-xii  is 
now  aboard  of  me, .mil  gives  me  this  account, 
but  the  relt  ot  the  men  are  flill  aiDrcuin. 

L    A     H    O    O. 

Sir  Dalh\  Thonuii's  letter,  dated  at  Cape-Cooft 

callle  the  thirteenth  of  Max,  1 705. 
I  Am  told  that  the  people  of  Lahr.o  iiave 
•^  eighteen  guns,  well  moiin'.ed  on  batteries 
rountl  their  town,  and  the  town  very  well 
p.dlifado'd  ;  they  are  arrived  to  lo  much 
knowledge,  that  they  can  defend  themfelves, 

and 


Vi 


^'■y- . 


lied  in  their 
the  Irmlj 
i  in  a  better 
re  the  year 
o  right  .ic- 

iri.incc  with 
aving  liitle 
ir  nc'i'li  diiil 
1704,  1)1  r- 
igainll  tiicm 
)rt  ot  trade, 
ttir  iiavirij; 
mil. 

:  l^orqiiet  of 
at  tl>c  biuw- 


d  CommenJo, 

701-2. 
ill  very  little 
\  b'.iiig  afraid 
,    as  having 
iilarly  ot'late 
l,vii:tu,i  ami 
)iiictei.nth   ot' 
I  carry  away 
belonging  to 
.1 .1  great  par- 
lard  to  trade. 
three  for  c.ie : 
ill  alon(-  the 
tare  taken  to 
vd'-fj  colours 
Bliuki  me- 
ed to  fcizc 
in  the  twenty 
Daniel  I.iwis, 
to  London, 
to  trade,  a 
iboard,  and 
.c  was  in  the 
(hi-  H.ived  ill 
11  efeaped  in 
and  the  relt 
the  country  j 
totlu-m,  and 
lor  the  cap- 
c  Blthki  for 
a  red  by  rea- 
,d   could  not 
tain  Le-u.i>  is 
tliis  account, 
at  Drru  in. 


|at  Cafe-Conjl 

1705. 

L.ihoo  have 

ll  on  batteries 

m  very  well 

I  to  lo  much 

i  themfelves, 

and 


in  North  attd  South-Guinea. 


4?  I 


r 


.inil  carry  their  ^un%  up  the  river  in  great 
canoes,  to  olTend  their  enemies.  'I'lie  ten 
per  cent.  Ihips  bring  thofc  guns  over  and  fell 
them  to  the  Rlacki  at  feveral  pLucs,  as  Ihall 
be  (arthcr  maile  out  hereafter. 

C  A   !•   K    T  R  E  S  -  1'  0  N  T  A  5. 

Of  the  eftahiljhinnit  rf  the  Brandenburghers, 
or  I'mflians. 

/  hid  the  following  u  count  from  a  rclalkn  of 
m:uc,  duwl'.r  fjr  hii  eicflorai  bi^^btuji  vj 
Brandenburgh,  lU  Kmbden. 

N  the   year  iTiKj,  his  eledoral  highnefs 

of  ByanJn\h'ir\'h  lent  to  the  (', ,ld  Coajl 
of  Vtu'vifi  two  trig  Its,  one  of  tlurty  two 
(',uns  and  fixy  nvn,  the  other  ol  eigh- 
teen guns  and  filty  men  •,  the  lormer  com- 
niamled  by  capi.i'n  Malhhu  ih  l-'os  \  the 
latter,  by  captain  Philip  Pi  tcr  Blonrq  \ 
U'lio  being  arrived  in  U/y,  iCSji,  at  cape 
I'r-i-Poul  :s,  landed  tlieir  men  at  Morifin 
hill,  where  they  let  up  his  eledtoral  high- 
nel'.'s  n  ig. 

Captain  fi'.n-f}  b-ing  well  arcjuainted 
with  the  natives  there,  imrluam  to  the  in- 
Oruv^tion  he  had  frotu  his  electoral  iiigh- 
n  r,  made  Co  good  ule  of  his  credit  a- 
nioiig  them,  which  he  had  gain'd  at  le- 
v(.ral  tcMiivr  voyages,  that  the  Cahniioi 
granted  him  liberty  to  build  a  fort  on  that 
hill,  and  fettle  a  tr.ide  with  the  natives,  for 
his  eledoral   highnefs. 

In  order  thereto,  he  caufed  fume  pie- 
'■''"'  CCS  of  cannon  to  bi'  put  adiore  there,  and 
fet  men  at  work  to  throw  up,  with  all  hafte, 
an  intrenchment  with  p.illiladoes,  whillt 
others  ereiHcd  fome  houles  i  which  being 
furnilhed  with  goods,  provifions,  and  am- 
munition, the  two  frigats  returned  to  H.im- 
tur^b,  having  aboard  fome  Cifcii'jro.v,  who 
were  immediately  conveyeil  to  Berlin,  by 
order  of  his  ehdoral  highnefs;  who  rc- 
cciv;d.thcm  very  favourably,  entertained 
them  magnificently  for  fome  lime,  lliewcd 
them  the  grandeur  of  his  court,  together 
with  fome  part  of  his  army  ;  and  lent 
them  back  to  their  native  country,  at  7V('j- 
P,«l:i',  where  captain  B'oncq,  being  alfo 
returned  at  the  fime  time,  took  ujwii  him 
the  government  both  of  the  fort  he  had 
niark'd  out  and  begun,  before  he  went  for 
Europe,  antl  of  the  country  ;  and  with  all 
due  application  caufed  the  fort  to  be  fi- 
riiTui.nifli'd,  as  rcprcfented  in  the  cut  ;  moun- 
iing  thirty-two  pieces  of  cannon  on  tlie 
hatteries,  and  calling  it  Groole  Fredericks- 
lur^h,  from  his  eledtoral  highnels's  name, 
now   king  of  Pruffia. 

This  fortrefs,  which  is  the  chiefcft  the 
Piufftans  or  Brandenhurghers  have  on  that 
coalf,  (lands  on  the  hill  Manfro,  near  tiie 
village  Pocqttefoe,  full  three  leagues  call  of 
the  Dutch  fort,  at  Axim. 


It  is  a  hanJfomc  large  fort,  with  fourll-iuiT. 
large  batteries,  now  furnifluil  with  torty-  <.^V"^ 
fix  pieces  of  ordnance,  but  too  light  and 
Ini.dl  \  and  the  gate  is  the  moil  beautl- 
Itil  on  all  the  coill  •,  but  in  piopcjition 
much  too  large  for  the  llriK^turc  :  on  the 
fall-fide  it  has  a  very  fine  ouiwoik,  winch 
fome  pretend,  deprives  the  tort  of  a  gri  at 
part  of  its  Ifrengih  •,  wh  retore  it  would 
be  cafily  gained,  if  attacked  on  tliat  lidc. 
Aiiotlur  g  cat  fault,  is,  that  the  breall- 
worksarenot  aliove  three  foot  high,  whidl 
does  not  well  (lulttr  the  garrilon  againll 
tlv  fliot  from  without  ■,  the  luiives  being 
as  good  markfmen  as  they. 

The  walls  are  thuk,  llrong  and  high  j 
anil  within  them  .uc  leveial  line  ware- 
houfes  and  dwellings,  for  the  officers  and 
Ibldiers. 

The  governor,  who  (tiles  himfelf  direc- 
tor-general tor  his  ileCt'Jiil  higlm/fs  of 
Braiidenliir^h,  .indof  his  .■Ifrieaii  comjuny, 
jointly  with  the  (',,ib"ce:roi  ot  P  I'litje, 
and  oiher  neighbouring  town^,  der-rniiiies 
all  cali's  ant!  dilf.renceb  ariling  betwixt  the 
inhabitants,  luinmoning  tliem  uv/}  ilier  on 
liii  h  occafions  (which  meeting  tiiey  call  a 
P.d'.abra,  or  council)  into  the  fort,  whither 
immediately  thofe  C.ibociros  repairs  and 
there  decide  all  caufes,  civil  or  criminal, 
aiul  their  feniences  areexemted  accordin-^d/} 
witli  all  lubniilTum,  fioin  the  nativ  s; 
which  gives  great  credit  .md  authority  to 
the  commander  of  the  fort,  in  that  coun- 
try, being  a  common-wealth  like  Axi.n. 

The  thiet  governor  alfo  receives  the 
accounts  of  the  Brandenburgh  fadlors,  aC 
Turnma,  or  C.rema;  and  at  the  tort  at 
/Icobii,  called  Doi'^lbut,  at  -I'res-P  ntai,  as 
mentioned  in  the  defcription  •,  anel  of  tiiofe 
at  the  lodges,  at  Po/o,  and  /■•'.(,  which 
are  all  the  fettlcments  that  nation  has  on 
the  coafls  of  Ciutne.t  ;  and  for  Ibme  time 
pift,  their  fervants,  and  eve n  the  comman- 
ders, but  not  the  foldicrs,  have  been  lor 
the  irioll  part  lljlLiKders,  who,  like  their 
countrymeii,  have  always  aimed  at  an  ab- 
folute  dominion  over  the  B  ucks,  but  could 
never  accomplilli  it  ;  being  hitlierco  hin- 
dered by  their  inteftinc  dilienfions  and  ir- 
regularities, or  the  (bibborn  nature  of  the 
yi.'/i/ti,  living  under  their  dominions,  inofl 
ot  whom  have  fled  from  the  Dut.h,  on  ac- 
count of  crimes  or  difcontent,  and  fettled 
near  the  Brandenbur^hen. 

In  1674,  the  Prufftans  built  the  fort,  I 
have  mentioned,  at  Tairitmi,  or  Crema, 
a  village  in  the  middle  of  cape  Tie<-Pon- 
tai ;  betwixt  great  Fredirick;bu>gb  and  Do- 
roibe.t  for'.s.  They  have  only  lix  guns  moun- 
ted on  It,  to  hinder  the  natives  of  the  ad- 
jacent vihages  from  trading  with  any  fo- 
reign fhips,  within  the  reach  of  their  guns, 
the  natives  being  almotl  entirely  under 
the  Prulfian  dominion.  In 


-  H  .   ,r' 


■Pill  if 

" . '  ■   mm 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


1.0 


I.I 


l^|Z8 

150     ""'^^^ 

^  Ita   H 


us 


IM 


I 


2.5 
2.2 

2.0 

18 


1 

1.25  1  1.4      1.6 

^ 

6'     

► 

<w 


Hiotographic 

Sciences 
Cbrporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  S72-4S03 


\ 


SJ 


:\ 


\ 


«>.>" 


432 


Remarkable  Occurrences 


wm: 


^f 


■Ra  •:■■  '■•     In  1701,  the  Pruffian  agent  allowed  any 
l^V^fi»rcign  fliijis  to  take  wood  and  water  there, 
for  ten  pounds  a  fhTp. 

Tiieir  defigii  was  to  build  a  good  fort 
there,  to  fccure  and  defend  the  adjacent 
w.'.tcring-place  to  themlclves  ■,  but  the 
keeping  of  that  faftory,  and  the  two  forts 
befort  "mentioned,  has  prov'd  fo  charge- 
able  to  the  company,  that  it  is  thought, 
l)>ey  will  not  radily  augment  their  ex- 
pcncc,    by   building  a  more  regular  fort. 

Their  little  tort  Dorothea,  at  /iccba,  a- 
boiit  three  leagues  ealt  of  cape  'tres-Pontas, 
was,  about  the  year  1690.  enlarged  by 
the  Hollan.iers  ;  who,  it  fecn  is,  had  difpof- 
(eded  the  Prujfi^in  founde"-.  ofit,  in  16831 
but  afterwards,  by  order  of  the  Diilcb  It^ejl- 
Indui  company,  delivered  it  to  them  again  : 
finee  which,  they  have  very  confiderably 
ftrcngthened  and  improved  it  -,  tho'  it  is 
but  a  houfe  with  a  flat  roof,  on  which  arc 
two  fmall  batteries,  and  on  them  feveral 
fniali  i;u:r;,  my  brother  fays  twenty,  with 
a  fuflivrient  number  of  rooms,  and  conve- 
niencies,  (lightly  built,  and  fomewhatcrou- 
ded  togetiier. 

Tiie  former  direftors  of  the  Prujfmns 
there,  and  among  tiiem  efpccially,  John 
Nymd'i,  an  Eiiwdei:er  ;  and  after  him,  John 
and  J.u-'.h  'I'oibonft,  father  and  fon,  being 
men  of  found  judgment,  good  R-nf  •  and  ex- 
p.rience,  dilcharged  their  office  with  much 
iidelity,  and  good  condudt -,  acquired  a 
large  lliare  of  reputation,  and  kept  thofe 
under  them  in  due  decorum :  efpecially 
Jacob  Teiiiooft  the  ion,  who  by  his  good 
name  and  courteous  behaviour,  gain'd  the 
afieClioii  of  tlie  B:ack.',  and  had  every  body 
at  ills  devotion  ;  by  which  means  he  tfta- 
blifhed  th<'  liniiidenhiirgh  affairs,  in  a  much 
better  condition  than  any  betbre  him  :  and 
as  they  never  had  a  better  governor,  fo  it 
is  very  likely  they'll  repent  t'le  tim;  when 
they  removed  him,  and  appointed  G)f- 
hrecht  van  lloogveld  in  his  place  ;  who  had 
been  in  the  fervice  of  the  Duhh  before,  at 
Axlfit  ;  where  he  treated  thofe  under  him 
fo  ill,  that  general  70W  5ot;/j  and  the  coun- 
cil, were  obliged  to  dif  liarge  and  fend 
him  from  the  coaft,  as  unfit  for  their  fer- 
vice. However,  being  then  commander  in 
chief  there,  to  reconcile  himlelf  to  the 
offended  B/ar/tj,  '>is  old  enemies,  he  gran- 
ted them  feveral  franchifes  and  privileges, 
which  ferved  not  only  tolcffen  the  power 
of  the  Prutfiam,  and  lay  the  firll  foun- 
dation of  their  ruin,  but  to  encourage  the 
Europeain  and  the  B.'acks,  jointly  to  rife 
againft  him  :  and  after  trying  to  difcharge 
him  onc'  more  from  the  government,  .ind 
banilh  him  the  coafl:,  chooling  i:i  his  [)1  re 
John  v.in  Laar,  an  an.ibapiiit,  who  was 
found  to  have  a  much  belter  taknt  it  drin- 
king of  brandy  than  at  bufinefs  •,  and  took 


fo  little  care  of  the  publick,  that  all  went 
to  ruin.     And  he  himfelf  was  timely    re 
moved  by  death,  to  make  way  for   John 
Viffer,   his  fuccefTor;  a  perfon,  who  wan- 
ting even  common    fenfc,  was  utterly  in 
capable  of  that  truft. 

Soon  after  his  elevation,  his  tadlor  atf^""-" 
Acobit  w.as  killed  by  the  natives ;  which""'''"' 
he  having  neither  fufficicnt  conduct  nor 
power  to  revenge,  they  continued  their 
unbridled  outrages,  at  the  expencc  of  the 
livesof  feveral  of  his  iVi3/)^a«j  ;  and  laltly, 
fei/.ing  his  perfon,  carry'd  him  into  the 
inland  country  ;  and  after  mifcrably  break- 
ing almoft  all  his  limbs,  and  tafttning 
abundance  of  (tones  about  his  body, 
drowned    him  in  the  lea. 

This  barbarous  murder  was  varioufly 
talk'd  of  there  ;  but  all  .igree,  that  tin: 
Europeans  under  his  comm.md,  conk'ntcd 
to,  and  abetted  it  ;  and  ibme  allert  it  was 
done  by  their  order  :  and  Jdrian  Grohhe, 
cholen  by  the  Blacki,  his  fucielfor,  is  ge- 
nerally charged  with  the  greaiefl:  (h.ue  in 
that  crime.  If  he  be  innocent,  I  hope  h_- 
will  clear  himlelf;  but  if  guilty,  may  hea- 
ven avenge  it  on  him  and  his  accom- 
plices •,  for  ir  has  very  pcrnicioufly  weaken- 
ed the  power  of  all  the  Europeans  on 
that  coafl,  and  filled  them  with  apprehcn- 
fions  not  altogether  groundlefs,  that  if  this 
bloody  fatt  efcapes  unpunifhed,  nobody 
is  there  fecure.  It  has  already  fo  enflavcd 
the  Pnilfhins-,  that  I  very  much  doubr, 
whether  they  will  ever  regain  the  maftery  ; 
for  the  natives  haviiir  once  got  the  upper 
hand,  will  fufficiently  lord  it  over  them. 

There  have  been  fevcn  directors  fuccef- 
fively,  in  about  thirteen  years  time,  at 
Frederkkihiirgh,  from  about  the  year  i6S'(), 
£  I  1702  ;  whicli  Ihews  how  irregular  the 
Embden  company's  affairs  have  been  at 
the  coaft   ever  fince. 

In  wiiat  condition  the  Pruffuin  atfairs 
ftand  at  the  coaft  fince  the  year  1702,  1 
have  not  heard  ;  but  only  find  fir  'Thomas 
Dalby,  chief  at  cape  Corjb,  writes  to  the 
royal  Afriran  company,  of  the  twenty- 
eighth  of  March,  1708,  thus: 

"  By  a  Portuguefe  Ihip  which  came  from 
"  Lisbon,  I  was  informed  that  the  King 
"  of  Portugal  had  offered  the  King  of 
"  Pri£;,i  forty  thoufand  pounds,  for  his 
"  fort  at  cape  Tres-Ponias  and  the  two 
«'  other  fettlements  belonging  to  it.  I 
"  think  it,  fays  he,  a  great  deal  of  mo- 
"  ney,  to  be  given  for  any  fituation  on 
'■'  this  coaft  i  and  I  am  apt  to  believe,  if  it 
"  is  ever  bought  by  the  Portuguefe,  the 
"Dutch  will  take  it  from  them :  for  they 
"  fe;ir  no  conl'equences,  can  they  but  gain 
"  their  pint,  by  all  the  deceitful  ways 
"  puffibk." 

Die- 


in  North  and  South-Guinea. 


4^? 


FifMli 

ltd 

Hi.ks 


I'jij. 


DiCKIESKO    criNFIAMAi 

5;!  /i?  Dutch  Dikiefchofft  ;  but  properly 

called  Infuma. 
np  H  E  En^liJJj  built  a  fmall  fort,  Anno 
*  1691,  after  they  had  fevcral  times  dif- 
piiteci  the  ground  witli  the  Brandenburghers, 
who  Ibmc  time  before  had  fet  up  their  eledlor's 
flag  there  ;  tho'  at  laft  not  finding  it  turn 
to  any  great  account,  they  quietly  yielded 
to  the  Englijh,  who  advanced  fo  leifurely, 
that  it  was  but  finiflied  in  fix  years  ■,  after 
all  which,  it  was  fo  inconfiderable  and  flight, 
that  it  hardly  dcfcrved  the  nameof  a  fort. 
I  have  often  heard  the  Englijh  themfelves 
coiiiplainof  it  i  for  befides  that  it  is  not  a 
plicc  of  good  trade,  the  natives  there- 
abouts are  fo  intraft.ible,  fraudulent,  villa- 
nous  and  obftinatc,  tliat  the  Englifi)  can- 
not ileal  with  them.  For  if  they  have  re- 
courfe  to  violence,  in  order  to  bring  them 
to  reafon  ;  they  are  alfo  oppofed  by  forte, 
and  that  fo  warmly,  that  from  tiie  year 
r6y7,  to  1702,  they  adventured  to  be- 
fiege  them  in  their  fortrefs,  and  were  very 
near  taking  it.  At  laft  they  obliged  the 
Ei:gliJ/.'  to  their  terms,  without  allowing 
them  to  exercilt:  any  power  over  them  ; 
and  hence  proceeded  an  alliance  fo  ftrift 
betwixt  them,  that  they  jointly  agreed  to 
cheat  all  the  fliips  that  came  to  trade  there, 
by  putting  fophifticated  gold  upon  them, 
a  fraud  which  they  have  frequently  prac- 
tifed  J  as  they  did  alfo  about  the  year  1702, 
upon  two  fmall  Englijh  (hips,  one  of  which 
was  laden  to  the  value  of  one  thoufand 
feven  hundred  pounds  fterling :  for  all  which, 
the  mafter  received  only  falfe  gold  i  fo  that 
he  loft  his  whole  voyage  at  once,  nor  did 
his  companion  fare  better  ;  and  what  moll 
furprized  them  was,  that  they  received  it 
as  well  from  the  Whites  as  the  Blacks. 

They  apply'd  themfelves  to  the  EngHJh 
cliicf  governor  at  the  coaft,  defining  they 
might  have  their  goods  return'd,  or  good 
oold  in  exchange  for  tiie  filfe  :  but  to  go 
to  him,  was  to  go  to  the  devil  for  juftice  -, 
tor  he  partaking  of  the  fraud,  would  by 
no  means  help  them.  This  cheat  is  become 
lb  common,  that  it  is  daily  praftis'd ;  but 
that  the  Whites  have  always  a  hand  in  it,  I 
dare  not  affirm.  However,  I  am  very  fure, 
this  place  deferves  the  name  of  the  falfe 
mint  of  Gfciwfrt,  of  which,  every  trader  who 
comes  to  tlie  coaft  ought  to  be  warned : 
for  the  making  of  falfe  gold  is  there  fo 
ufual,  that  it  is  publickly  fold,  and  become 
a  perfeft  trade  j  the  price  current  being  in 
my  time,  about  a  crown  in  gold  for  two 
pounds  fterling  of  falfe. 

l-etters  to  P.]  This  Englijh  fort  at  Dic- 
kies-Cove, is  a  large  and  Iquare  fort,  fitu- 
ated  near  the  fea-fide,  having  a  Branden- 
hurgb  fort  within  two  leagues  to  the  weft- 
w.ird,  that  is  Dorothea  fort,  and  a  DuUb  one, 

V  o  L.  V. 


Battnjleyn  at  Boelroe,  within  three  leagues  B a ;< nor. 
to  the  eaftward  of  it :  it  is  built  with  ftone  "^"V*^ 
and  lime,  has  two  round  flankers,  and  two 
fquare  baftions  -,  with  twelve  guns  moun- 
ted in  very  good  order,  and  a  fuitable  ba- 
fon  to  contain  rain  water  •,  'tis  commonly 
kept  by  fixteen  white  men,  and  about  four- 
teen Grometloes,  who  are  as  good  for  de- 
fence a.nd  fervice  as  fo  many  white  men, 
and  always  in  the  company's  pay. 

BOETROE    or   BOUTRY. 

FB  ID.  A.  xxxi.]  This  fort  is  very  impro- 
perly called  Batenjlein,  fignifying  pro- 
fit i  for  it  much  better  delerves  the  name  of 
Schndinflein,  fignifying  lofs,  in  regard  the 
DtitLh  have  for  fcveral  years  loft  much 
more  than  they  got  by  it. 

But  by  what  fir  Dalb)  Thomas  writes  Dutch 
from  cape  Cnrfi  caftle,  the  twenty-ninth  of fUnt»tm. 
JtiU,  1708,  that  the  Duich  on  the  river 
Boelroe  were,  as  he  was  informed,  laying 
out  ground  for  fugar  anil  lum- works  •,  and 
the  general  had  fent  a  (liip  to  Wbidah,  to 
bring  up  two  hundred  flaves  ■,  and  they  faid 
that  by  their  next  fliipping  tiiey  cxptdled 
materials  from  Holland,  for  carrying  on  a 
fugar  plantation,  and  fugar-works,  iic. 
wherein,  if  fuccefsful,  the  loil  being  very 
proper  for  fugar  canes,  as  is  hinted  in  my 
defi  '■■ption :  it  is  much  to  be  feared,  con- 
fider'nL\-  the  multitude  of  flaves  on  that 
coaft,  whofe  labour  is  very  cheap ;  and 
the  fhortnefs  of  the  voyage  from  Holland 
to  the  coaft  of  Guinea,  in  refpedl  to  that 
to  the  Eaji-Indifs,  from  whence  they  al- 
ready import  great  quantities  of  fugar,  that 
in  fome  few  years  time,  when  our  Ame- 
rican colonies,  will  be  obliged  to  make 
fugar  at  fo  much  greater  charge,  than  the 
Hollanders  in  Africa,  they  may  be  able  to 
underfell  us  by  very  much  •,  and  confe- 
quintly  have  the  ftaple  of  fugais  over  all 
Enrol e,  as  they  have  already  that  of  all 
fpices :  then  BMcnjUiii  fort  will  properly  fig- 
nify  profit. 

T  A  c  c  o  R  A  R  V  by  the  Dutch,  andT  o  c- 
c  A  R  A  D  o  E  by  the  Englifh. 

Cape  Corfo  cajlle,  the  ffteeiitb  of  January, 
1707-8.  Sir  Dalby  Thomas'^  letter. 

'7'OCCARADOE  is  a  place  of  no  manner  Dutch 
of  trade,  and  has  been  tried  by  all  *"*''**• 
nations  trading  thither  v  yet  the  prcfent 
Dutch  general,  to  fliew  his  mortal  hatred 
to  us,  has  built  a  fort  of  feven  or  eight 
guns  there-,  and  fettled  a  Cool  man  in  it, 
with  all  other  attendants,  as  in  other  places ; 
for  no  other  end  or  purpofe,  than  to  hin- 
der us  from  getting  oyfter-fliells  for  ma- 
king of  lime. 

I  have  hinted  in  the  defcription  of  Gui- 
nea, that  Taccorary  is  the  place  which  af- 
fords a  vaft  quantity  of  oyfter-ftiells,   very 
5  S  proper 


m 


m 


R 

I 

it 

I 

M  .  » 


'i 


H['i 


♦.'i^tj 


ii-  i 


,^- 


'.'  i 


454 


Remarkable  Occunewes 


HnBor.  to  make  good  lime,  and  th;it  the  Ew^f///^,  as 
^■^"V^^  \v(  11  as  other  Enrol ciw:-,  iilt'd  in  cliolt;  times 
to  fc  trh  flu-lls  as  they  had  occafion  for  their 
huildings  all  along  tlie  co.ilt  ;  that  being  a 
p'aic  fit  for  no  traile,  and  abandon'd  by  all 
tradif;  Kuro-e irs,  who  had  ponefled  it  by 
turns,  tfi.  and  I  find  by  many  letters  I  have 
in  my  hands,  that  the  Dnttb  have  been  very 
iiuliiftriou'-.  todiftiirb  our  fir///?' f'ettlements 
at  the  coall,  in  a  more  partiiular  manner 
linee  the  year  1706,  being  icaious  of  tiie 
Eiig^Ajh  having  cr>  dted  a  fort  at  Succundcc^ 
which  lies  in  tlic  fame  bay  as  Tacioran,  fe- 
vcral  years  ago  •,  and  it  is  apparent,  that 
their  building  this  new  fort  at  •r..ViO)<(n,  is 
to  obllruft  and  annoy  this  nation  yet  the 
more  elVc  dually  there,  as  appears  by  I'everal 
letters  from  the  Enj^Hjl:  agent  ami  f.idors  ;  of 
wliicii  I  fliall  infert  one  from  C\rDii!l>\  '■TKiniU, 
dated  Eh'uar\  i  705-6. 

I  went  ibr  Dii  ki-.'-coir,  anil  whi-n  I  arrivM 
there,  the Cahailci-n  oi'Diikii-i-ioii'  told  me, 
that  the  day  before  the  Dnlch  ii.id  dc!ivi.r'd 
out  arms,  powder  and  ammunition  to  all 
the  people  ol  A'C/iTt',  Pmnj-ar:-);  and  ail 
oilier  places  thereabouts  ;  and  had  given 
them  orders  to  dclb'Oy  all  the  people  at 
-T'cicnradcc,  and  to  murder  the  If'bi I c  men  ■> 
particularly  if  tiiey  c.Uch'd  me  alive,  to  cut 
otf  my  h  -d,  and  fend  it  to  M.  Nn)ls,  Coop- 
tiian  of  El-Mina.  I  afk'd  them  how  they 
could  till  thofe  particulars  ;  they  fiid,  they 
had  friends  and  rijations  ;;mongthcm,  vvlio 
had  fenc  them  word  of  it  :  and  the  next 
day  after  my  arri\al,  they  told  me,  they 
had  dcflroy'ii  and  burnt  the  town  of  Tturt- 
r.u'ioc,  kill'd  one,  and  wounded  four  men. 

SUCCUNDEE. 

"TpIlE  En^!ifl.>  and  Dutch  had  each  a  fort 
*■  (landing  tjiere,  eredled  (the  Dutch  fort, 
Or.ingr)  belbi'e  1682,  and  the  EirJ.Jh  one 
(bme  years  after  ;  but  the  trade  at  fo  low  an 
ebb,  and  the  oflicers  of  each  fort  lb  jealous 
of  each  other,  that  they  both  liv'd  in  mife- 
rable  poverty,  at  the  expence  of  both  the 
E.ngbjb  and  Dutch  companies  ;  the  trade 
liaving  been  fpoii'd  by  the  war  betwixt  AJom 
and  Jr.ts.  This  Siica:>idce  was  before  that 
time,  one  of  the  finefl:  and  richcft  villages, 
as  well  in  money  as  people,  along  the  wliole 
toait ;  but  the  yldvnefe  conquerors  entirely 
burnt  and  delhoy'd  it.  The  few  flight  dwel- 
lings which  were  there  in  1702,  were  built 
fince  that  war,  and  others  daily  building, 
lb  that  it  may  grow  to  be  a  good  village  -, 
but  to  re-inftate  it  in  its  flourifliing  condi- 
tion, requires  feveral  years. 

In  June  1698,  the  EtigliJ}}  fort  was  burnt 
and  dcfhoy'd  by  the  /Intean  Blacks  \  its 
chief  commander,  and  fome  of  the  Enilijij 
being  kill'd,  and  the  reft  plunder'd  of  all 
their  own,  and  the  company's  goods ;  and 
foalundon'd,  the  out-walls  only  left  Hand- 


ing •,  by  which  the  Dutch,  tho'  very  little 
to  their  advantage,  were  left  malters  of  that 
place:  however,  about  1702,  they  traded 
there  confiderably  for  a  large  quantity  of 
gold,  which  the  Englijh  underllanding,  made 
feveral  attempts  to  rebuild  their  tort,  but 
were  always  obftrudcd  by  the  Anieans. 

P.uii  Gazette,  of  November  1694.  The 
Dill  J}  Ibrt,  Orange,  above  mention'd,  was 
about  the  month  of  vSV/)/^w;/rr  1 694,  taken 
by  the  Blacks,  and  pillag'd  ;  as  was  alfo  a 
little  IJoHamler,  that  happen'd  to  ride  there  ; 
and  all  tiie  crew  maflacred,  according  to  the 
report  of  a  ZeeLuui  lliip,  that  came  from  the 
coall  the  laid  month. 

The  dertrmition  of  tiic  EitgHjh  fort  at  6'm- 
cuiule:  happen'd  in  this  m.mner, 

•The  three   agents  letter  at  cape  Corfo  the 
2()tho/  June  169K. 

"  This  brings  your  honours  the  fid  news  Enj',', 
"of  our //7.;/;i' men's  lieing  beaten  otf  from/^'Aiv. 
'•  youran..ient  )H)lldlion  ,11  Succiiihlee,  wliiijif''''*''^'', 
"  we  di.'figned  tohave  re-ftttleii,  as  by  our'"'^"' '^ 
"  laff  ailvicts  ;  it  happening  upon  the  firll 
"  of  'Julie  lad,  and  w.is  done,  .uid  carried 
"on  hy  Dutch  B'.a.ki,  priv.itely  (Lnt  tiom 
"  El-Mina;  fome  in  their  own  Ihips  and 
"  canots,  and  the  nil  by  land.  We  h.aving 
"  before-hand  fecret  intelligence  from  li;- 
"  ver.d,  of  their  pernicious  intentions,  lent 
"  to  advile  the  general  thereof,  by  ours  of 
"  the  twenty  ninth  of  jVf.vy  lall,  whoown'd 
"  to  have  lirnt  them,  as  by  his  of  the  ninth 
"  inflant  N.  S.  but  covered  their  delign. 
"  They  went  under  pretence  to  demand  a 
"  debt  he  had  lent  them  tor  ;  but  from 
"  what  they  did  when  there,  is  evident  he 
"  g.ive  then)  nofuch  commilTion,  the  which, 
"  had  he  to  pleafed,  he  might  have  coun- 
"  termanded,  but  would  not ;  we  having 
"  timely  forewarned  him  before  any  mil- 
"  chief  was  done,  to  prevent  it ;  and  not 
"  futier,  nor  lend  his  Blacks  to  moleft  our 
"  fettlement,  and  to  cut  olf  our  II  bitemtxi 
"  in  tlie  tl.vice  of  your  honours  there." 

The  fame  to  M.  'John  van  Hevenhinfen, 
general  at   Alina,  1628. 

"  We  were  in  hopes  by  our  late  roui  aft, 
"  we  (hould  have  lived  in  amity,  wiiich 
"  truly  is  our  defire  -,  but  we  p  ,  ive  your 
"  mind  is  otherwife  bent,  elfe  you  would 
"  not  fend  your  people  lioiii  die  Alina,  by 
"  land,  or  your  (hips  by  fea,  to  take  our 
"  fort  at  Succundee,  for  what  realbn  we 
«'  know  not  ;  we  are  fure,  by  no  provoca- 
"  tion  from  us,  or  the  people  that  arc  our 
"  friends-  we  do  not  defire  to  inoLil  your 
"  fort,  and  you  muft  expcd,  if  our  people 
"  be  cut  olf,  their  lives  wlli  be  ri.qi.ircd  at 
"  your  hands. 

"  Our  floop,  by  diftrefs  of  weather,  at 
"  Siiccitiidee-rcyid,  lofing  both  anchors,  the 
"  mailer  fcnt  on  board  your  fhip,  defiring 
"  to  lend  one,  but  the  mtflengers  were  an- 

•'  fwered 


in  North  and  South-Guinea. 


4?? 


*  very  little 
illersofihiit 
they  tr.idai 
quantity  ot 
iJing,  made- 
-•ir  fort,  but 
inteam. 
1694.  The 
tiiion'd,  was 
1C94,  taken 
as  was  alio  a 

0  ride  there  •, 
urding  to  the 
inie  Ironi  the 

h  lore  at  Siic- 

.ipe  Corlb  the 

the  lad  news  En,-'  r, 
ati.'n  otV  t'romA"  ■"• 
.■H«./.v,  which''"':;''* 
il,  as  ny  our 
mion  the  full 
',  and  earned 
cly  lent  fiom 
iwn  Ihips  and 
I.    We  having 
ence  from  fe- 
itentions,  lent 
uf,  by  ours  of 
t,   whoown'd 
lis  of  the  ninth 

1  their  deiign, 
to  demand  a 

)r  v    but  from 
is  evident  he 
on,  the  which, 
c  have  coun- 
;    we   having; 
fore  any  mil- 
it  \   and  not 
to  moiell  our 
ur  //  bin  men 
urs  there." 
\n  SiViHbiivfen, 

late  roil  I  aft, 

amity,  wliith 

11-.      ,  ivc  your 

jfc  you   would 

]che  Alinn,  by 

to  take  our 

|at  reafon  we 

no  provoca- 

tliat  are  our 

|i  moLit  your 

if  (jur  people 

H'  rLquircdat 

if  weather,  at 
Il  ini  liors,  the 
llhip,  dcfiring 
jigL-rs  were  an- 
•'  fwered 


•*  fwered  by  your  mate  5  '  tii  true,  we  have 
"  nf.ugb  ;  hut  do  yuii  tbink  we  unil /[are  my 
«■  fi  v>u?  D)  sou  i:ol  fee  we  are  feu t  to  take 
"  \our  f:,rt,  nii.i  canyu  expecl  otir  bclp  ?  To 
"  which  our  men  anlwcr'd,  we  mull  then 
"  ',■;;//)  •,  to  whicii  your  mate  flightly  re- 
>'  plied,  why  ibcn  I'enjh,  and  the  Lord  have 
"  mny  upon  \our  fouis." 

l-'rotn  the  fame  to  the  fame,  jlhoi  June 
169S. 

"  Yours  of  the  ninth  inftant,  N.  S.  we 
"  have  received,  wherein  you  feem  to  be 
"  difyiulted  at  the  precaution  we  gave  you, 
"  (if  liic  milliii.f  we  not  only  fufpcfted, 
"  Init  Wi  re  inturniM  by  your  own  people, 
"was  inti'ndcd  agiiiill  ows  ax.  Sa  atntlce  ; 
"  we  wilTi  tliere  li.id  incn  as  little  trutil  in 
"  il  as  you  prettn!,  l)ut  we  find  to  the 
"  (Oiurary  •■  our  IVhite  men  being  murder'd, 
"  .md  other  B  .id-  lervani  .,  our  llaves,  Il  i/.M, 
"  hojl  s  Inirnt,  th.'  royal  Afi ican  comjiany's 
"liwlul  poll' fTioiis  wrcll.d  by  lorcc  and 
"  viol,  lite  from  us ;  and  not  only  this,  but 
"  the  fiirvivini!;  nun  llripM,  anil  milerably 
"  aiiul-'d  by  th;'in.  Yuu  ;ickno'.vlcdgeil  10 
"have  feiit  tlicm  with  a  Ihani  ])retence  of 
"r;(-i\ing  debts;  we  are  not  fenfible  of 
"  any  debt  due  from  our  company  tovom^•, 
"  if  we  were,  you  mi|);lu  allure  yoar  lllf  of 
"  l.aistactiuii  upon  demand,  and  not  put 
"  you  to  the  trouble  and  charge  of  levying 
"  an  army.  Tiie  occalion  now  of  troubling 
"  you,  is  to  know  whether  you  will  ac- 
"  know!  'dge  liiefe  things  to  iiave  been  done 
"  by  your  order  ;  il'  fo,  we  Ihall  leave  it 
"  to  your  betters,  but  iiope  to  find  it 
"  otlierwif-,  and  that  you  will  deliver  up 
"  tliofe  bloody  villains,  the  author^,  tore- 
"  eeive  pu:ii!hinent  llii!  ible  to  the  del'erts 
"of  murdvT,  tjf.  which  injuftice  you  can- 
"  n  t  (ieny  ;  tho'  you  might  by  flight  eva- 
"  fu.iis  leek  excufes,  you  cannot  reaibnably 
"  thi.ik,  but  other  fatislattion  will  be  re- 
'•  qui'i'd. 

"  You  are  pleafed  to  fay  you  lent  your 
"  Ihip  to  li)ok  at'rer  interlopers,  which  we 
"  a.hnire  you  fliotild  pret- nJ,  when  the 
"  whole  country  knows  the  contrary;  l>ic 
"  being  never  defigned  farther  than  Buttrrce 
"  and  Sniciiiidee,  at  which  places  you  well 
"  kiu  w  (he  was  not  likely  to  meet  with 
"  anv.  Had  you  been  wholly  clear  of  this 
"  .iclion,  your  Coopman  durll  not  have  fuf- 
"  fer'd  the  iijunder  to  have  been  brought 
"  into  his  fort,  as  was  done,  before  all  our 
"  IVbtle  men's  faces  ;  and  fo  barbaroufly  to 
"  abuie  thtm,  and  lb  inhumanly  to  turn 
"  them  abroad  almoft  naked,  and  with  the 
"captain  to  ridicule  their  misfortunes.  Our 
"  guns  cannot  be  carried  eft'  by  \.\\c  Blacks, 
"  and  many  other  things  are  there  loft, 
"  which  we  expeft  you  to  enquire  ifter, 
"  being  adled  by  perlons  commiinoned 
"  by  you. 


«'  Welhall  not  enlarge  at  prefenr,  if  youE>:.B  vr. 
"will  now   deliver  up   the  adtors    ol  ihis^'OT^ 
"  bloody  tragetly,  as  well  for  their  debts, 
"  as  this  their  other  villany,   ls!(" 

The  fame  to  the  fame,  the  i  dtb  of  J idy 
169S. 

"  Sir,  when  our  IF'  ite  men,  who  were 
"  wounded  at  Sj/rcwKr/tv,  are  recover'd,  we 
"  fliall  take  their  dejiofitions,  concerning 
"  what  we  wrote  you  in  our  laft,  and  give 
"  needful  aniwer  to  yours. 

"This  in  the  mean  while  fervcs  to  m- Murjer  iy 
"  form  you,  we  are  ailvil'ed  by  our  chief  at '''«  Dutch. 
"  ll-';nnel>ah,  that  one  of  our  company's 
"  flaves,  named  C.'jf:  •,  tr.ivelliiig  ui-on  the 
"•  road,  towards  .\l;:m'ord,  to  buy  corn, 
"  w,is  let  upon  between  that  and  ycjur  fac- 
"  tory  at  .Iiom,  by  0:1c  of  your  BLuk  fer- 
"  vants,  and  two  of  your  company's  flaves 
"  there,  who  killVi  hnn  with  .ibovc  twenty 
"  five  llabs  in  his  body,  cutting  his  neck 
"round  to  the  bone.  Our  laid  f.ftor  lent 
"to  yours  at  ,!;oiii,  fo  demand  fati-f.itlion 
"  for  the  murder,  whieh  is  denied,  and  is 
"  the  reafon  we  addrefs  our  lelves  to  you, 
"  that  it  you  do  not  approve  of  what  tliey 
"  committed,  you  will  now  Ihuw  it  b\  an 
"  exemplary  jullice  done  upon  liie  mur- 
"  derers,  is'i." 

By  other  memoirs  I  have  in  hand,  I  find 
the  En^bflj  have  rellored  their  fort  at  Suc- 
i!ind:e  to  its  former  cotidttion,  giiilon'd  ir, 
anil  carry  on  their  trade  as  tormerly  with  the 
natives;  but  could  not  learn  at  what  time, 
ami  in  what  manner  it  was  performed. 

I  I'orbe  ir,  not  to  enlarge  upon  fmall  tranf- 
adions,  to  inlert  here  the  many  infults  of- 
fer'd  by  the  Dulcb  to  the  company's  people, 
from  time  to  time,  tor  inariy  years  luecel'- 
fively,  to  ol)flrud>  and  hiniler  them  fiom 
getting  their  fuppdy  ot  oyfter-Piell-  t:om  the 
LO.xW.  ihowt  Tocaiarre:  referring  the  many 
inllances  thereof  to  fevcral  letters  knt  by 
the  company's  agents  ar  the  coaft,  on  that 
and  other  gnev.mces  about  the  company's 
trade  ;  and  conclude  this  account  with  the 
following  late  oblei  vation. 

Bi'iiiin,  p.  27. J  I  am  alio  infortn'd  by 
Mr.  Harrii,  your  chiet  at  Su.riuide'-,  that 
the  Dutch  Coot  man  has  panyar'd,  or  fe- 
cur'd  the  Cabnjhrers  there  ;  and  tiiade  ihem 
take  F-iiJfoes,  that  is,  fwear  that  they  would 
not  come  near  the  c.iltle,  nor  do  us  any 
fervice,  and  they  forbear. 

P.  22.]  The  /'.'/.'^(■/■//}  tort  at  Succunaee  is 
quadrangular,  fituated  on  a  hill,  about  fitty 
paces  tiom  the  lea-tide  ;  between  two  Dutch 
torts,  the  one  to  the  well  ward,  at  ■I'aa'.rary, 
the    other  to   the  euihvard  of  ir,    is  built 

with    brick    and   lime  j     h.is guns 

mounted,  and  a  t.uik  alio.  There  are  com- 
monly in  it  fifteen  White  men,  and  twenty 
Gro?neitocs. 

Adom, 


■'MHl! 


43^ 


Remarkable  Occurrences 


V:.' 


|(  ^   \\\ 


f  J'  ^:- 


U'av  with 
AiitJ. 


U'lii) 
»lhlri. 


liAKiior.  AdOm,  ani  on  ihe  Chamascian  River, 
'^'V^  Hi  the-  Dutch  dill  it,  tind  others,  Rio  dc 
St.  Ju.in. 
I  Ohlcrved  in  the  precedent  delcription  of 
•*  tlu-  country  of  /Idom,  that  it  was  :i  kind 
of  coiiinion-wcikh,  governed  by  five  or 
fix  ot  tlie  prindiul  men,  withoutaking. 

I  fliall  now  aild,  tliat  this  nation  has  prov'd 
from  tune  lo  time  a  common  plague  and 
iVoiiiiTc  totlic  ncighliouriny;  Blacks,  and  even 
to  oui/'.tt'o/'iijwj, being  an  all'jmbly  of  tliicves 
anil  villains  -,  who  if  they  were  unanimous, 
woulJ  be  ablr  to  raife  a  jiowerful  army,  to 
tiie  terror  of  all  about  them. 

.I'lno  i6(jo,  they  jointly  began  a  war 
a;;ainll  l\\t:  Anti-juins,  which  continued  three 
»)r  foiir  years,  till  they  had  almoll  ruinid 
that  country  and  jieople,  who  yet  will  not 
fui)mit  to  them,  but  continue  to  bid  them 
diti.mce. 

Tliey  were  alfo  a',  war  with  the  three 
nitions  on  the  river  oi  /■!iu.!\-r,  atlwycars 
alicr,  whom  they  obliiJ,M  to  buy  a  peace, 
at  the  price  (jf  a  l.irj;e  i.uu  of  gold. 

In  thole  cxp.'iliiions  they  had  one  .t'li^im 
fir  I I'.tir  general,  a  liiail:,  to  violently  in- 
cliiiM  to  war,  that  he  could  not  live  in 
jKacr  1  but  as  much  as  he  coveted  it,  Icarce 
,iiiy  engagement  happen'd  with  thole  of 
.liita  A\v\  .incober,  in  which  he  was  not  ob- 
liged to  his  heels  for  his  fafety  :  fo  that  if 
his  men  had  been  no  better  Ibldiers  than 
hinil'elf,  he  had  foon  been  llop'd  in  his  ca- 
ret r  ;  and  yet  the  other  governors  dare  not 
dilpleafe  him,  he  being  the  richeft  of  them 
all  i:i  money  and  men. 
An  intiH-  'I'iiis  Jiiqui  was  a  dcteftably  bloody  and 
»»4<iB;aLk.b.;rb.irous  m.ui,  or  rather  a  moniler,  whole 
name  is  ever  mentioned  with  horror  in 
yl-l.i  and  /Inc-hrr  river. 

To  inllance  Come  of  his  unheard-of  bar- 
b.irities ,  li.iving  in  an  engagement  taken 
five  of  the  principal  .r^«/'y/.J';i,  in  1691,  he 
wounded  tlu  ;n  all  over,  after  which,  with 
a  mor.'  than  brutal  fury,  he  diJ  not  I'atiate 
himfelf  with  lucking  their  blood  at  the 
gapin^^  wounds,  but  bearing  a  more  than 
ordinary  grudge  .igainll  one  of  them,  and 
noi  contented  with  the  mention'd  fav.ige 
cruelty, he  caufed  him  to  be  laid  bound  at  his 
l'cet,and  liis  body  to  be  picrc'd  with  hot  irons, 
gathering  the  blood  that  ilTued  from  him  in 
.1  vrifel,  one  half  of  which  he  drank,  and 
ortered  up  the  relt  to  his  god. 

In  the  year  1692,  when  he  took  the  field 
a  fecond  time  againft  the  Anicfians,  I  went 
to  give  him  a  vifit  in  his  camp  near  Cbama, 
or  Suma  ;  he  received  me  very  civilly,  and 
treated  me  very  well,  according  to  the  cuf 
tom  of  the  country  :  but  wliilil  he  and  I 
were  diverting  our  fclves  together,  a  frefli 
opportunity  olfcr'd  it  ftlf  for  tlu  excrcil'e  of 
hi-,  brutifli  temper,  which  was  only,  that  a 
/)'.,jiiobferving  one  of  his  wives  had  a  new- 


fafhion  coral  on,  and  holding  a  part  of  it  in 
his  hand  to  look  on  it,  without  taking  it  off 
her  neck  ;  (lie  not  thinking  any  hurt,  freely 
permitted  him  to  do  fo,  all  Blacks  allow- 
ing their  wives  all  honeft  liberty  of  con- 
verfation,  even  with  their  flaves.  But  /Inqua 
fo  highly  refented  this  innocent  f  reetlom,that 
xs  foon  as  I  w.is  got  out  of  the  camp,  he 
caufed  both  wile  and  fl.ive  to  Ix;  put  to 
death,  drinking  their  blood,  as  he  uled  to 
do  that  of  his  enemies. 

A  little  before  he  had  caufed  the  hands 
of  one  of  his  wives  to  be  cut  o(f,  for  ;i  very 
trivial  crime  ;  after  which,  in  ilerifion,  he 
ufeil  to  command  htr  to  look  his  head  tor 
vermin,  which  being  impollible  wiih  her 
flumps,  alfoiile<l  him  no  fm.ill  diverfion. 

This  is  mentioiiM,  to  (Ticw  the  bloody 
cruel  nature  of  the  Rhuks,  lowanls  tlicir 
ncarelf  relations,  as  well  as  the  moll  inve- 
terate enemies. 

Com  MEN  no  or  A<ii'ArFo. 
John  Bloome's  Lfttir,  from  Cabo-Corfo  to 

J.  B.  the  ijtb  oi Irbniiiry  1O91..?. 
TN  the  year  I  OSS,  M.DuC^iff,-,  came  up- 
on  the  coall  with  four  l-'r.nch  men  of  w.ir 
equipp'd  at  Rochtfort,  with  great  confitlence 
to  make  there  feveral  conliderable  fettle- 
ments,  for  the  royal  African  company  of 
France,  but  elj)ccially  at  Ccmmendo,  upon 
the  frequent  former  invitations  of  the  Aquaf- 
fou  men,  both  king  and  people  -,  in  order 
to  crofs  the  Dutch  intereft  at  their  coaft,  and 
in  fome  meafure  revenge  themlelves  of  the 
infults  they  had  received  from  the  HoiUnJcrs 
at  Mina,  for  many  years  before  ;  fome  in- 
llances  of  which  you  may  fee  in  the  prece- 
dent dcfcription,  and  his  people  boafted  fo 
much  before-hand  at  Rocbel,  of  the  great 
exploits  that  were  to  cnfuc  of  this  expedi- 
tion, that  the  people  there  gave  that  officer 
the  title  of  petty-king  of  Guinea, 

Du  Cajfi  matlc   an   attempt   upon  Com-Frmfli 
mendo,  where  he  lettled  a  faftory,  and  pro- •''W'"' 
ceedcd  farther  to  Alampi  and  ludu,  on  the"' 
fame  defign  -,  but  a  few  months  after  he  had 
filled  from  Commnido,  thro'  the  inftigation 
of  the  Dutch,  a  war  happening  againll  the 
Aquajfoes,    in     wliofe  country    the  French 
faftory  flood,    the  Aquaffoes  were  routed, 
their  king  kill'd,  all  the  French  effeds  pil- 
lag'd,    and  the  French-mm,  who  kept  the 
fafl-ory,  forc'd  to  fly    to   cape  Corfo  caftle 
for  refuge:  fincc  which  time,  there  have  not 
appear'd  any  French  fiiips,  nor  have  they 
any  feitlement  upon  that  coad. 

Bo/man,  p.  27.]  That  fame  year  Swerls, 
the  Diiich  general  at  Mina  eredcd  an  indif- 
ferent large  fort,  on  the  flrand,  at  Little 
Commcndo,  or  FMe-Tokki,  as  the  Negroes 
call  it,  and  named  it  Freden-burgh :  in  re- 
gard, he  had  entirely  rcduc'd  the  Comma- 
nians  to  an  honourable  peace  with  his  na- 
tion. 


///  North  and  South-Guinea.  437 

tion,  as  fhall  hero.-iftcr  farther  be  t,\kcn  no-  our  fort,  to  lie  wlu'tlier  every  man  iliil  h\. '     ■•    "■ 

tu\  of,  after  fo  many  years  of  a  liifonkTly  iluty,  one  of  ihc  IbUii-rs,  (juiiting  liis  poll,  V^*^^ 

w.ir,   tontinueil   at  times,     from   ilie   year  tolJ  me,  that  the  RUuks^  well  knowin}.',  he 

16S:.     It  was  a  fqiiarebiiitdin^  ltriiit;ilineil  hail  but  one  h.it  in  ihe  worKI,  hail  maliei- 

witli  nooil  batterits,  on  which  thirty  two  oudy  fhot  away  the  erown,   whit  h  he  would 

•runs  may  lie  eonvenientiy    ptacM,    there  revenge,  if  I  wouKI  {^ive  him  a  lewgrana- 

Ix  ill.;  In  many  einbia/.urcs  in  the  bread- work  does.     I  h,ul  no  fooiier  orderM  him   two, 

lortlKiii.     It  is  laii;e  enougli  for  lixty  mm  than  he  eali'd  out  lo  tlie  RLicki,  from  the 

toHvciii;  tho' at  I'releiU,  170.?,  t  her.' arc  brcallwork,  in  their  own  lanfj;u.ige,  telling 

110;  mar  lo  many,  but  about  twenty  :  not-  them,    he   would  preli  nt   tiiem  with  Ibmc- 


wiililbndiugall  wiiieh,it  is  fulHeient  not  only 
ti)  deluid  it  fell'  .ijj,.iiiill,  but  to  rcpuNe  a 
i^r.  at  number  of  JUa-b,  as  was  found  by 
fXi'  ricn.c,  .lnw  i(n)  \,  wlirn  I  (.omiii.indid 
;  h/<"tluM\'.     Our  enemies  attukM  u^  by  iiii;l>t  •, 


thing  to  cat  ;  and  t'Jving  fire  to  his  gra- 
nadoes,  immcdiatily  threw  them  down 
among  the  croud,  wiio  oblerving  them  to 
burn,  throng'd  alio. 11  du'in,  ;in  i  were  at 
lirll   very    agiveab'y    div  rteil  ;    b'n    wiieii 


j''^-   I  li.id  but   a  viry  lorry  g.irrilon,    not  lull     they  buril,  tiuy  lu  \;,\\\\\  tluni,  tint  they 


twtnty  men,  hall' of  v.  hiehwere  not  lit  tor 
llrviee,  and  yet  I  luiiid  ih.  in  10  retiri'  with 
lol's,  after  a  liglir  of  fiv,-  jiour  .  '  I'v/.is 
wMiiderfal,  and  no  fm.ill  fi;i,n  ol  divine  jiro- 
lection,  thit  w.'  loll  but  two  iivn  in  this 
lu'lion  •,  lor  we  had  no  iloors  to  moll  of  our 
!;\iii  holes,  and  the /;,',(. <j  |i(Hiied  Im.ill  (litit 
oil  us,  ,1b  lii.ek  as  ji.iil  -,  inlo.mi  li  tliai  thole 
lew  door.i  whiL.li  were  leit  to  lonie  gun  iioles, 
were  beeome  like  a  largit  wliieli  hail  b;en 
Ihot  at  for  .1  mark  •,  ai'd  the  very  ilalVwhieh 
o  ir  Big  was  fallen'd  on,  tho'  it  took  up 
lo   little  room,  did  not  ef.  .ipe   lliot-lrce. 

You  may  imagine  what  c.\\\:  we  were  in, 
when  one  of  them  bi'guiii)  huk  oir  very 
ihuirs  with  .in  ax  1  but  tliisiini.liit.iker  being 
kiird,  the  relt  flieer'd  off.  The  general, 
to  whom  I  hid  rei)refenitd  my  we.ik  eoudi- 


i.id  nogre.it  (lomaeli  tofueh  another  meal. 

C  miiii-ii.!n,  an  /•,•;;■.■//'  f  )rt,  is  large  and  i-.n^lidi 
fcjiiare,  with  tlir'-e  1  iii;.-  lijuare  ll.inke'rs  and/"", 
on.'  round  ;  and  within  the  fort  is  a  lirgc 
lijuare  tower,  .ill  Imdi  with  Hone  and  lime. 
It  is  lltu.ited  on  .1  lev;  1  groun.!,  .ibout  fifty 
pi.  OS  from  the  lea  fi,!  ■,  Iv.tween  two  /)'/,  A 
iorts  ;  the  one  to  the  w;llwaid,  i  illM 
.'>.iiiiii;  and  the  oih/r  about  h.ilf  a  mile  to 
the  e.dlward  of  it,  i.iHM  Un\t,ti'.  ti<f_b. 

It  has  twenty-lour  [\^ni^  guns  mounted  \ 
.ind  is  uf  tally  guankd  by  twenty  wf.iie  men 
and  thirty  dxincltjii,  and  has  a  t.ink  for 
water. 

In  the  year  161)4,  fomc  mim  rs  b.^ing  fent 
from  l/uHdiid  to  the  Ihiu  '•  gener.il  .it  Miii.i, 
he  order'd  them  to  (','  nimciido,  to  make  an 
effiy  at  the  hill  behiii  1  .lllca  de  Ton,:i,  wed 


tion,  ordered  tsvo  diips  to  anehor  before  our  of  the  Duhbtori  Ut\:',enh:inl.> ;  that  nioun- 

lort,  tofupply  me  with  men  and.immunition.  tain  feeming  to  be  well  pl.ic  d  lor  their  j  ur- 

/','/r  //;/.(■,//,  the  eapt.iin  of  one  ol  thole  pole,  there  being  a  tradition,   that    it  was 

vilTvls,  endeavouring  to  exmite  the  genei  .il's  vry  rich  in  gold  or,-. 

orders,  the  d.iy  before  I  wasatt.uk'd,  lent         'I'his  hill  w.is  at  tint  time  confecrated  to  Rl.i.-k^w.tr 

fiii  boat  lull  of  men  to  me,  but   tiny  weie  one  of  their  gods  ;  tlio'   there  w.is    fearc.  '''"'"'^« 

no  fount  1  on  land,   than  the /i/,/,/-)  fill  upon  ever  any  tslk  ot   i:  belore  :    but   this  was ''''''^^''' 

them    fo  t.iricudy,  even  uiv'er  our  cannon,  re.illy  only  a  pretence  they  made  life  of  to 

that  they  kill'd  fever.il  ;  which  tho' I  law,  I  deel.ire  war  agamll  us.     The  miners  began 

could  not  prevent:     for  attempting   to  lire  their  work;  bur  in  .(  li  .v  d.iys,   fufpeding 


ii[)oii  the  enrmy  with  our  eannoii,  I  Ibund 
tliemall  n.iilM  1  of  which  piece  of  ireaeheious 
vilLiny,  according  to   all  appe.irance,    my 


notliing,  weie  alViultcd,  mihr.dily  .ibi.s'd, 
robb'il  of  .ill  they  h.i.l,  and  Inch  as  were 
not  nimble  enough,  kept  [)riloiiers  for  fome 
time. 

We  immediatily  (continues  the  author) 
complain'd  of  this  ill  uliigetotlie  king  of 
CdiHiitiVi^,  or  Commeiido,  who  was  villainous 


own  gunner  was  the  aclor,  whom  I  therefor 

fent    in  chains  to  the  general,  at  our  cliief 

place  of  refidenee,  who  Iwore  that  he  would 

puuifli  him  exemphrily  ;  but  iiiile.id  of  tli.it, 

loon  alier  not  only  lit  hiui  at   liberty,   but  enough  to  remove  the  blame  from  his  own 

pieterr'd  him  to  a  gunner's  place  of  greater  door,  and  hx  it  uiwn  yi'A//  Kidhs,  w  Black, 

iuiport.ini  e.  who  liv'il   near  our   tort  Uiwli-Klurgb,  and 

I'or  this  rcafon  I  was  forc'd  to  be  an  idle  with  whom  we  always  tr.ided  very  confide- 

fpeiJLitor  of  the  mifrrable  daughter  of  our  rably  -,  allcdging,    that  he  had  done  it  in 

mm,  not  being  able  to  lend  them  the  lead  revenge,  for  the  ill  treatment  he  had  met 

alTiltance:  and  if  the  A/,iili  had  at  that  in-  with  from  our    former  chief,  or  general, 

duit  dorm'd  us,  we  were  in  no  podure  of  That  this  was  only   a  feign'd  excufe,    was 

refidaiice  ;  but  they  going  to  eat,  gave  me  very  evident  1  for  Join  Kahrs  was  fo  arrant 

time  to  prepare  for  the  entertainment  I  gave  a  coward,  that  he  durd  not  have  ventur'd 

them,  as  I  have  before  told  you.     Mere  I  on  an  attempt  fo  dangerous,  without  the 

cannot   forlx'.ir  relating  a  comical  accklent  king's  exprefs  ( ommand  :  but  the  king  wiS 

that  hapidi'd.     Going  to  vifit  the  pods  of  relolv'd  to  break  with  u^',  and  becaufe  he 

V  o  L.  V.  r,  T                    could 


i 


jit 


I,  1 


■Ji, 


^        •■!  !li 


'!4  ::! 


B 


i-H 


;>:r 


•»■ 


(■.ji 


ill 


'H' 


^;<Ja 


ii 


UV. 


438 


Remarkable  Occurrences 


BAmioT  coulil  till!  Ill)  licttcr  cxculc,  iii.uif  ull'  ol 

Ml- ilic  tlicii  /)«/<■  Z- gem r.il,  with- 
out any  t.uthct  fiiquiiy,  reli)lv'J  tO(V)ti) 
Cr,m'iiiiii\  in  lurlon,  to  laniirc  liitistaciimi 
of  7'-/"/  A'.i/iM  tor  th.it  miiiry  :  to  whit  li  ptii  - 
jMilL'  hi'  ni'ik  I'oim-  of  the  tones  ol  Mn  .1 .1- 


conqiicr  notonlyCowwawv,  butali  tliecoail  ; 
aiul  .ucorihnj;ly,  very  ir.ipudcntly  tliri;it- 
ncil  tlic  I'ttniyucie  .iiul  Sahofjf,  that  alter 
he  h.ul  I  oinftcil  the  Cnnii>uuiui)i<,  he  wouM 
^ivi'  ilnni  a  ilila^retMble  vifit. 

Thole  iwon.itions,  contiilcrinp  how  much 
iMili;  111' took  tdim- til  me  lorics  01  a/c  .j  a-  ih' y  wcri:  iiuiclited  to  us  j  wliich,  ifthiy 
Ion};  with  him  •.  and  hi  in^  lonie  to  Con:-  emieavuiirM  to  repay  otlu-rwili:  than  by 
«^;vv,  iiiiin.  Jiat.ly  ili'iaiii'ii  a  party  to  7'''"/  their  continual  villani<s,  was  not  owiii<r  tu 
A';,' j's  vi!l 'y;,-,  will)  caimout  to  imet  thcni,     thiir   want  ol  will,  but  powir;  they  loon 

liaiiinsvi  nucp  t(i  i>iclcnt  to  Mr ,  and    embra. 'd    tins   tavoiirablc    opportunity  ot 

clrar  hinilLir  ot  what  lie  wasatiu.'d:  but  jiiiniiii;  iheir  tones  with  llioic  ot"  Owimniiv  ; 
f>fii);;,  thi'  Mi'i.i  forcrs  fall  upon  his  ^oods,  to  luppoit  which,  tlu'y  lieliev'd  their  uii- 
without  giving  iiiin  any  warning,  and   be-    (luellionable  inierdl,  an  I  by  this  means  they 


gin  to  plunJir;  as  great  aiowani  as  he  was, 
he  put  hi:v,lilf  into  a  polhirc  of  lietcnie  i 
and  our  p  nple  findiii!!;  he  was  leliilvM  to 
fell  hl>  elTedsas  dear  as  he  lould,  the  Ikir- 
mifli  began  V  and  lome  on  boti)  ti.les  were 
very  well  b.aten. 

After  ill's  ■!!'  o  ir  aflairs  ran  at  random  ; 
it  lliiwM  tin-  king  ul  Coiiimniiy  our  private, 
ami  Joih  A  (ic'.'  our  protels'd  em  my  ;  who, 
torivengi:  ilu-  injury  done  him,  invited  the 
/<>'X'.''-'  ii'to  Cv'/,;«  ;/;  ,  giving  ilu ni  a  dwel- 
ling plate  about  a  lague  from  our  loir,  in 
one  of  lli.^  fait  vill,!ges;  rel'olvir.s';  to  fettle 
them,  with  i!;e  firll  opportunity,  in  the  old 
ruin'd  tort  they  iiad  tormiriy  polfelVd  : 
whieh  foon  alter  futceeded  according  to  his 
wiOi.     I'or  the  KiigliJ/j  arc  fo  well  fortify'd 

nLVtWiir  there,  tiiat  it  will  be  in         '•'Ic  to  remove 

n^i.i'ujj;?  them,  unlefs  in  time  o 


nurrh 

'Olilrj 


ing  asl.!ige,and  having 

as  oiiis :    befules  which, 

fit  to  be  planted   with  guns   from  whence 

they  iray  cxtrmely  incommode  us  ;  confi- 

derinu  that  they  have  more  and  larger  can- 


liccame  Iliongir  than  our  auxiliaries.  A 
I'lifTi^iint  proof' of  tliiv,  is  our  lirll  unfortu 
nate  battle  ;  in  which  we  lolf  all  iliofe  auxi- 
liaries, and  the  money  th-y  coll  us.  T|ie 
fight  was  much  more  bloody  than  the  wars 
ot  the  natives  ufually  are  -,  tor  the  greatefl 
p.utot  the  men  we  mifs'd,  were  killM,  and 
the  rell  taken  p.il'oners  ;  whereby  we  were 
red.ic'd  to  a  miferable  ffate,  not  knowin"- 
what  mcafurcs  to  take,  as  having  made  the 
molt  potent  nations  of  the  country  our  ene- 
mies. And  indeed  We  fliould  never  have 
bi  en  able  to  make  any  fielli  attempt,  had 
not  the  eneniiei  theiiil'eives  lealonably  given 
us  an  opportunity  by  tluir  intelline  di- 
vifions. 

The  king's  brother,    Tckki-Ankam  r\ovi^''-"l 

king  of  Commaii)  camt  over  to  our  fide,  and '''>'■" 

heir  fort  be-     was  in  a  fliort  time  llrcngthned  by  the  /iJo- 

erijsaswtll     ;«(V;;;.  and  other  auxiliaries-,    which  occafi- 

as  alio  a  turret,    on'd  a  fecon.i  engagement,  fo  warm  on  both 

fides,  that  the  vii'tory  was  long  dubious,  till 

at  laft  it  teemed  to  incline  to  ours  fo  far,  th.it 

our  army  fell  greedily  to  pkmder -,  which 


lion  than  ours :  in  fliort, we  are  there  likely  to     being  obfcrv'd  by  -V/a'  I'.rky,  the  Cominanuin 

kin'j;,    who   exceli'd  all   his  contemporary 


have  a  nice  bone  to  pick.  What  in|ury  tins 
r.iighboiulicod  has  already  done  our  iraile, 
everyone  knows  who  is  aet]uainted  with 
this  ci.afl  -,  and.  how  eafily  it  might  have  been 

privdind.     But  Mr was  too  fii  ry  to 

think  fed.itely,  or  hearken  to  wife  counlels  ; 

anil,  coniraiy  10  all  reafon,  he  ilefir'd  no 

thi'u  \\->  much  as  war,  ami  the  iionour  he 


Bldiki,  in  v.ilour  and  conduiff,  and  had  hi- 
therto  kept  himlelf  out  of  the  fight,  and  laid 
us  .his  bait,  he  uik  xptcledly  march'd  to- 
wards us,  with  trefli  forces,  carrying  their 
mulquets  with  the  butt  ends  forwards  to  de- 
ceive us:  which  fucceededfo  well,  that  we 
taking  them  for  our  friemis,  continu'd  our 
honed  to  get    thereby;  vainly  promifing    greedy  courfe  of  plunder,  till  the  king  came 


I'liin 

iitr:eral. 


himlJf,  that  he  fliould  lueceed  as  well  as 
Mr.  Su;-r!s  in  16X7,  who  entirely  con- 
quir'd  and  fubdu'd  the  Cotmiiamans,  after 
they  had  in  the  war  loft  their  king  and  fe- 
veral  of  the  greatefl  men  in  their  kingdom. 
Notwiihtlanding  all  which,  1  dare  aver, 
he  mis'Jit  have  fucceeded,  had  he  not  been 
delude'  by  the  too  great  opinion   he  hati 


upon  us,  and  his  men  turning  their  miifqucts, 
fir'd  16  brifkly,  that  tliey  diverted  us  from 
the  prey,  and  oblig'd  every  man  to  fave  his 
lite  as  well  as  he  could:  thus  leaving  the 
Commaniiiiis  a  fecond  complcat  viiflory,  thofe 
who  could  elcape,  made  the  belt  of  their 
way  to  our  fort. 

Thefe  were   two  pernicious  loflTes,    the 


conceiv'd  of  himfelfand  his  followers,  and  greateft  part  of  which  undoubtedly  ought 

his  tooconremptiblethoughtsofl  is  enemies,     to  be  chargeil  on  Mr ,  for  had  he  been 

For  he  hir'd  anarmy  of7'(//£''M«iandCrt/;^//f-  fo  prudent  as  to  conceal  his  refentment,  a- 

riiUi!  for  let's  than  five  thoufand  pounds  fter-  gainll  the  Fanhneaiis  and  Saboeans ;  and  in- 

ling,  which  were  twice  as  flrong  as  that  of  llead  of  irritating,  gain'd  them  by  a  bribe, 

C'mi/u!);\,   and   confequently   might   have  as  he  afterwards  was  oblig'd  to  endeavour, 

fubdu'il  them  :  but  he  was  ready  enough  to  tho'  in  vain  ;  I  do  not  believe  they  would 

imagine,  that,  with  this  force,  he  could  eafily  have  concern'd  themfelves  for  thu  Comma- 

ttiam  i 


in  North  and  South-Guinea. 


^llthecoail  ; 
t-ntly  tliriMt- 
•,  tliut  .llti-l 
7',  hf  wouM 

iphowimicli 
liich,  it'  tiny 
i\\c  than  by 
101  owiiij;  to 
r  i  they  loon 
iportimity  ol 
it"  C.'immaiix  ■, 
vM  their  u:i- 
is  nie.\ns  thiy 
ixili.irii's.  A 
lirll  iintoitii- 


natrh 


ill  thol'c  auxi- 
Lollus.  The 
th.in  tlu!  wars 
r  the  p,reatifl 
•re  killM.amI 
■n  Uy  we  were 
not  knowing 
ring  made  the 
mtry  oiirenc- 
d  ru  ver  h.ive 
aitempi,  hail 
ilonahly  ^Kvn 
r  iiitelline  di- 

d-Ankiim  now  5f  •>•' 
Dourfule,  aml'''^'"' 
:cl  by  the  AJo- 
which  oaafi- 
warm  on  both 
dubious,  till 
rs  fo  far,  th.it 
inder ;  which 
le  Comvian'uui 
ontemporary 
and  had  hi- 
'Jic,  and  laid 
inarch'd  to- 
,irrying  their 
)r wards  to  de- 
ll, that  wc 
coniinu'd  our 
e  king  came 
leir  mnfquets, 
erted  us  from 
an  to  fave  his 
leaving  the 
viftory,  thofe 
beft  of  their 

loffes,   the 

jtedly  ought 

had  he  been 

Ifentment,  a- 

\ani  \  and  in- 

by  a  bribe, 

endeavour, 

they  would 

the  Comma- 

niam  i 


;he 


4?9 


r  HI  !"■ 

ii,'i'iJ- 


nians  \  whom  by  that  means  he  might  have 
fiibdu'd,  and  with  the  fame  force  have  re- 
duc'd  the  others  to  reafon. 

It  will  not  be  amifs  to  procjed  with  my 
Author's  account,  as  an  introdudion  to  the 
tranfaclions  of  thole  times,  which  have  ciu- 
f(d  fuch  confuU  rable  damage  to  the  DiiUh 
iiitcreft  at  Miiia,  as  w.  11  as  at  Cnmiiwiido ; 
and  hive  fo  much  depopulated  the  fine  large 
town  of  A///;t<  ,  now  as  little,  as  it  wis  great 
and  famo'.is,  in  my  time.  It  will  not  only 
fliow  the  uncertiinty  ot  tubluii.iry  things  in 
gene  ral,  but  be  a  proper  caution  to  the  lii- 
ivdorsiif  all  //fiiriiii  companic,  whatfoever, 
to  cmpioy  in  the  '^oVLrnmint  ol  their  alVairs 
in  (i.inai,  both  by  lea  and  land,  men  of 
known  candor,  probity,  undcrllanding,  true 
'■'  '''courage,  and  experience  •,  atf  ndcd  wit!;  mo- 
dell  behaviour  v  iyi.  And  when  they  have 
toimd  any  luiii,  not  only  id  con:iiuii' ihem 
much  lon;;er  in  iheir  einploymmts,  than  h 
,(i;nmonly  don.' ;  but  alio  to  grant  them 
|ikIi  compctiiit  falaries,  ami  peniiulues,  as 
iv,.iy  c-micnt  thein,  and  they  may  not  Iv 
tiniptcd  ti)  commit  pirpetual  breaches  of 
trull,  and  contrary  to  their  inoll  I'olenm 
u.itlis,  and  all  the  ties  olconlrience,  tomikc 
h.i^,  icbt'.i  .'be  fun  Jhiiu's;  as  it  is  too  notori- 
oully  and  gener.illy  pr.idtil'ed. 

ThisI  formerly  propos'd,  to  the  direftors 
of  the  Frnicb  Afriian  company,  at  a  full 
board,  in  Pam  \  and  it  was,  it  I'eems,  better 
liked  than  pradVifed  i  and  it  is  no  wonder, 
that  they  and  our  royal  /Iiricau  company 
at  London,  have  not  made  fuch  advantage 
of  their  commerce,  as  might  have  been  cx- 
peiited,  if  rightly  foiloweii,  and  no  regard 
of  perl'ons  had,  to  the  prejudice  of  the  pub- 
li>  k  :  tor  tho'  the  bell  and  wil'ell  endeavours 
Will  not  always  ani'wer  the  projerts,  in  point 
of  trade,  which,  of  all  human  things  is 
mod  liable  to  times  and  circumllances,  el'pe- 
cially  Incontiis'd  revolutions,  occafionM  by 
w.'.r,  yet  it  mull  be  allowM,  that  a  right 
nvmagement  is  the  molt  likely  means  to 
mnducc  to  a  profitable  end. 

Before  I  return  to  my  author's  relation,  of 
the  revolutions  happen'd  at  .W.7/.(,  1  think 
it  not  amifs,    to  give  an  hillorical  acco\int 
'■/■''of  "John  Kdh-s,    the  famous  Bl.hk  at  that 
■a.'.ico.ill-,  who  has  been  chiefly  the  fatal  orca- 
fion  of  that  war,  as  far  as  I  find  it  contain'd 
in  the  memoirs  I  have  by  me,    which  will 
iTicw,  how  liiviU  a  fpark  can  kindle  a  great 
fire,    and  perfuade  men  in  publick  trull  to 
be  circuml'pe£l,  even  in  affairs  of  little  mu- 
ni nt. 
This  Kabes  was  formerly  a  Icrvant  to  the 
1 :'",,";  £«if/i//.;   at   Cah  Corfo,    and   owing   them 
|vr..  I.   luney,  bal'ely  went  over  to  Mr  A^«)7j,  the 
"'f      then  Ditlcb  general  at  Mina  ;  who  not  only 
proiecled,  but  encourag'd  him  in  his  knave- 
ry, inflead  of  keeping  him  in  order,    tho' 
the  villain  had  formerly  cut  off  the  heads 


of  about  halfa  dozen  Diucb  men:    but  by  Baiu-it. 
means  of  a  purl'e  of  gold,    efcap'd  the  pu-  v^V^i' 
nifhmcnt  due  to  him  ;  which  the  Mum  ge- 
neral, before  Mr  Ni'^ts,  had  often  threatncd 
him  with. 

John    Kabcs   was  allow'd  by  the  DiiUb 
general,    to  live  in  a  village  of  his,    near 
their  tort  Uredtidnn-Q^h,  at  CoinmeUih;  with 
whom,  fays  the  !">  ''ch  author,    we   traded 
very  coiifiderably,  .md  he  was  in  that  con- 
dition when  attack'i!  I)y  the  Dutch  general 
in  \h().\,  upon  the  king  oi ConnnniJo'f  lay- 
ing he  was  the  chi.f  aiirhor  of  the  allault, 
made  by   the  Hl.u's  on  the  Ar.'i  .'>  miners 
at  Coinmen.'io,  as  h.is  Iv  /n  related :  and  by 
the  lame  acrount  you  have  feen  how  Kii.i 
went  over  to  the   i'.n.'Jilh  again,    and  was 
very   inl'runitntal  by   his  credit  .uid  power 
M  C'i/!ii:ri:(!o,  to  aiiiil  iliciii  in  building  the 
I'.w^l'ilb  fort  there.     Mterwards  it  Icenis  K,i- 
Irs,  eiih.  r  thro  v;!!  i;ii-  r.  II,  or  dilgull  at  the 
J'lit^iijh,   having  U  r  u[i  a  trade  theie  for  him 
lelt,  with  /•.'/:'///'.' iiiterlop'cr.s,  or  lo/tv  .iV./ 
fhips,  and  aliilled  by  onecaptainf/'d  ///;.7'.',  he 
built  himfelt  a  llinker,   in  oppofition  to  the 
Enj^^Jh  fort  ^ilC'.ininn:.! >  ;  (!!.■. i":.ii!  ha\ing 
I'oki  him  eighteen  guns  m  170?,  and  oiu 
captain  fi<X"'  an  Eng^Jlm.ui,    told  him  fix 
out  of  the  lame  lliip,  the  ^bir.V'hitr)  (i.il.'fs, 
a  ten  /rr  cent.  Iliip,  the  lall  voy.ige  the  made, 
all  this  being  cop.niv'd  to  moletl  and  ob- 
ftrucl  as  much  as  polTible  the  royal  .l-riciii 
company's  trade  in  their  tort  at  Coinnuvu'o- 
How  it  went  with  A'./ii'..  and  his  Hanker 
afterwards,  I  do  not  hear,  but  oidy  liiid  in 
Sir  Di!h\  rijom.t's  1, tters,  that  on  tlu  ?.id 
of  ,1/ril  1707,  he  rc(eiv'd  ailvice  from  Mr 
Pearjin,  chki  -xt  C'lmiiiciuln,  and  from  7o/.<« 
Kiil/t's  or  Cub,'!],  that  the  DuCb  were  draw- 
ing the  .S',?«;c/  and  Jallah  people,  to  wind- 
w.ird  of  Comnu-i.ii  ,  tog  -ther ;  as  alio  tliofe  of 
Mini  jieople,  an  i  wli.it  others  they  lould,  to 
attack  7w/i//  in  hi^  fort:  and  tiiat  ihe  Ei:^!jJj 
chief  there,  waiueii  nothing  but  corn,  and 
a  better  gunner,     in   cafe  they   fliould  be 
block'd  up  or  attack'd.  Upon  which,   Sir 
^Thomas    immediately    dilp.itch'd    one  Mr, 
Huks,  Mr  Pt'vjln  being  weak  and  not  well 
in  health,  with  a  gunner,  and  corn,  in  Pin 
tl.ir's  long-boat,  and  .1  tive-h.intl  c.inoe,  .ill 
in  arms,  and  the  boat  with  two  pattareroes ; 
left  the  Diiub  fliould  [iretend  to  flop  them 
as  they  pat's'd  by  Miii.i,  as  they  had  endea- 
\'Oured  to  do  fevcral  Eni;l:/b  canoes,  which 
Sir  Ditlhy  'fhomiii  had  lent  armed  to  Succnn- 
det',  for  advice  and  iiecefraries  for  the  Eng- 
lijh  at  C:ibo  Oifjh  caflle.     From  Mbri  they 
fir'd  three  great  fliot,  and  four  from  a  fhip 
in  XTma  road,    and  fent  fe\'eral  fmall  canoes 
armed  after  her ;  but  finding  that  flie  was 
armed  too,    and  the  EtigHjh  refolute,  they 
left  her. 

From  this  account  of  Sir  Dalb-j  Tbimas  in 
1707,  may  be  int'ei'd,  not  only  that  John 

Kabes, 


la  ,  -; 


M 


m 


li!'' 


pi!: 


miJ':'r 


Tfl-lir-ih;'- 


i^i^ife 


440 


Remarkable  Occurrences 


"n  ii.t 


nAHiii.r  A'.^'.M  was    ag.iiii  Ihuoiih-  ;i  f'ricmi    to  the  iiiro  the   field,    which   (lioiild  miilcc  fliort 

'■^'^^Jioiiil'aMyN  iimrcH,  I'ut  .illo,  ih.ir  the /',/<i;  work  .it  f)niv,    and  Ik-  alile  to  chiiUlr  the 

l://lj  .ind  D:itJ.>  Wkic  tlun    at  vari.iiuc  next  ('.■iiiiiniii:inf  ;  v/c  wen- ihcrctorc  of  opinion, 

to  ,1  war  ;  but  what  tl.t;  ilVuc  has  been,   I  do  that  fiiic'  the  F.inhMe.i>i<  lived  thfn  in  aiiiiiy 

not  hfaras  v-'t.  with  us  ir  woiihl  lie  very  e.ity  to  yain  theni 

I  relume  now  my  Diifcfj  author's  account  to  our  fidr,  and  by  that  means  enabk-  om- 

of  thf  war,  wliiih  lias  (Ken  Ibp.rnieious  10  lilvrs  to  laiiii.    the  kin;;  ol  C.'/w»/,;«v.     We, 

thi'ir  intenlV   ai  tlie  coalt,  trom   thcpLue  trcai^il  with  them  aaordinj^ly  ;  and  at  I  ill,  |'"'* '/'''» 

where  Mill  it.  in  conii  terarion  of  the  value  of  nine  lnin-/r"''< 

Pu-rh  OiiralV.ns,    layilie,  J).  ^4.)  continui-d  in  dred  |i!i  n.'s  IbTling,  to  bi' |  aid  them,  they  I>j;. 

"'i'*''/''*''' this  pDlhir.' till  Mr expiring;,  left  the  obli'^'d  themlilves  to  H;;ht  i\v  C'lu'iiiniiini, 

UijVks'    S"^'<-'i'nm'.iit  to  his  fiicccdur  Mr who,  till  tluy   had  iittirly  extirpated  tlum.     We 

as  new   lords  {generally   occafioii  new  liw^,  now  iho;n.',lit   our  fe Ives  very  li-uirc,  daily 

finding  Wi- loll  by  tiie  war,  by  the  advice  of  expet'ling  the  /v«/y«,vi//(  to  take   the  field; 

thole  wJKim    the  company   had   tiitrulled,  bu:  Ivre  tlie /'.'"^  ;/' (]  iilli'd  our  d'iign,   and 

priidjiulv  refolv'd,    if  poflible,     to  p. it  an  in  onl  r  to  keep  tin  ir  wo.d  v.  ith   the  kiiij; 

end  to  it;    and    actordinyly   brouL;ht    the  t)t  duim/i,:  ,\\  or  ar  l.all  to  throw  an  oblli- 

Commautiiii   to  fo  !i,o<Kl  a  temper,   t'ltwe  ( le  in  o'jr  w.iy,  one  ot  their  govirnors  went 

foon  beianir  friends  V  tiny  not  only  obbi^iii^;  tni'n    C  iho-C.r<i'i  to  i'.i>:i\n,    and  prvaikd 

themUbis  to   mak''  gooil  the  viamagi-   we  with  that  p.-ople,  torixaftly  the  l":m.- limi, 

liad  lulhined,   init   becoming  as  /ealoiilly  w,' ind  b.iove  given  th-MU,  to  lland  neiiur: 

fnga'^ed  in  our  interclb,  as  the  poUure  of  af-  which   being  only  oppolld   by  \hj  Briff;, 

fairs  could  incouragc  us   to  hop.-:   and   it  t'u  y  loa;i  t'il'paKli'd   him  out  of  the  w.iv, 

was  very   miKii  tube  wilhed,  lor   the  ad-  lulilfituting  iaim-di.uiriy  another  in  his  room. 


7U  K11-- 
liil,  Mh 
luri  It. 


vantage  of  our  company,  taat  die  p.ue 
coild  liave  tontinu' d  1  wldih  would  have 
(onfidrMbly  advan.M  ourtrai',  and  fpu'd 
tl;e  large  liuns  we  were  obliged  to  dilburle 
in  the  tollowing  wai'. 

But  the  Eiig^hjh  th;ri;  envying  our  happy 


I'o  one  wh  >  k.iow,  how  Lomaion  and  tiivi.d 
a  criniJ  p.riuiy  is  amon.';  the /i.'./i  <•;,  it  will 
not  api'.'ar  i  uicdil'K',  thaith-y  flioakl  ra- 
ther Hand  Ihll  lorone  thou! and  eight  hun- 
dred pounds,  than  tight  for  nine.  'I'luisour 
hopeful  n  gotiuion  ended  with  the  irrcco- 


coiiclulion  of  the  war,  andfiaring  it  would  verable  lols  of  our  money, 

not  much  conduce  to  their  ativaiu.ige,  ion-  I'hn  C.mm.in'uiin  for  this  reafon  growing 

triv'd    methods  to  break    the  peace.     The  more  arrogant,  began  to  infult  us  worfe  tli.uj 

mean,  tluy  chielly  hit  upon,  and  [Matlilcd,  ever:  to  remedy  which,  we  agreed  with  tiie 

were  to  p<iir.  Is  the  king,  that  conlidiring  hi,  Alomi.iiu  toafTilt  us  for  jefs  than  five  hundrcii 

two  victories,  he  ought  rather   to  ;dk  th.in  pounds, but  tixy  fillingout  about  thedivifion 

give  fitistaction  ;  which  they  enfort'd  by  in-  of  the  miiii.y,  as  well  as  the  ./r(-((«;7/;<i«aMd 


culc.iting  our  weak  conditionand  his  Ihength, 
ur!.',ing,  that  we  were  not  in  a  polbare  to  aift 
olf.-iili\ely  ag.iin,  but  wouKl  i)c  obliged, 
not  only  lob.g,  hut  to  buy  a  pe.ice,  wliicii 
would  tuinilh  liim  with  ,in  opportunity  of 
forcing  iiis  own  coniiitions  upon  us. 

The  king  being  not  only  a  C'^miiiaiiUiii  by 


Ciibfjicr'tjiiiy  who  were  alio  by  contract 
otilig'd  to  our  .iirilhmce,  agreed  only  not  to 
liir  one  toot  t:om  home.  Heing  thus  iht- 
.ippointed,  we  .alt  (nir  l.ill  anclior,  and 
.igreed  with  the  D:i.kir:ilch'uvn  for  the  fimi 
of  cig'it  hundred  pounds,  to  take  our  title  ; 
but  were  herein  to  unhappy,  tiiat  they  f.il- 


l>irth,  and  confeijuently  ot  their   turbulent     ling  into  ;i  war  with  their  ne.ir  neighbours, 
jnimour,    but  fufficiently   tlevatetl     by    his    were  obiig'd  to  negleit  our  caulc  to  defend 

their  own  country  1  they  indeed  were  yet  fo 
hi-uert,  as  to  return  our  money,  except  only 
a  linall  (juantity,  which  ftuck  to  the  fingers 
of  tlieir  metrengers  :  we  alto  got  back  tlie 
greatell  part  of  wh.it  we  had  given  to  the 


patt  victories,  toon  lillen'd  to  the  Eir^lijb 
advice  of  breaking  with  us:  to  which  he 
was  encour,ij/ed  by  their  afVuraiicc,  tlvit  the" 
wouKl  make  his  caute  their  own  ;  anil  .ic- 
tordingiy  lupply  him  with  all  proper    nt- 


cellaries :     whereupon   he   renew'd  his  old     /Idom'tdin:,  but  could  not  recover  the  le.i''. 


courle,  anil  did  usas  much  mitchief  as  ever, 
This  we  patiently  futier'd  for  tome  time, 
vainly  expecting  relief  by  fair  means  •,  but 
our  de^x-ndance  on  them  lerv'd  only  to  aug- 
ment his  outrages,  and  oblige  us  to  have 
recou,  fe  to  force,  which  was  now  become  ab- 


part  of  what  the  F.iiityi('tiiii  had  got  of  us. 
Being  in  this  ikfper.ite  condition,  we  left  no 
me.ms  unattcmpted  to  redrels  our  telves, 
tho'  in  v.iin  ;  for  we  were  cheatetl  on  all 
fides.  We  thought  ot  making  an  honour- 
able end   with  the  king  of  C.oinm.tii\,    but 


iblutely  necefiary  to  prelerve  our  char.idter  how  to  coinp.ils  that,   we  could  not  im.igine  ; 

among  the  reft  of  the  nations  of  that coun-  fearing,    as  the   Eni^':Jh   hadpromilid,   wc 

try:  .ind  .iccordingly  we  began  to  think  of  lliould  be  obliged  to  lieg  a  jieace,  which  h.ul 

warmer  me.ifures  ■,   and  in  lonjunclion  with  certainly  happened,  if  at  this  critic. d  juiidure, 

other  perlbns    proper   to   b,-  confulted,  it  abetter  .md  more   honourable  way  h.ul  not 

Wai  rciblvcd  to  bring  a  confiderablc  force  offerM  itfclf. 

T!v; 


than  J 

vf 


.  :  tl 


!1 


n;ikc  (liort 
;lv.iftilr  the 
<)f  oi)iniiiii, 
an  III  .»niiiy 
»  ^.lin  tlu'iu 
enable  oiii- 

WiHV.       Wc 

.iml.u  I  lit,  Hi.,  i,** 
t  niiK"  luin-/rii.>i  i;.( 
tlu'iii,  they ''•'■■i:  I- 

tlum.  \Vc 
i-uirc,  il.iily 
I-  the  Ik'UI  ■, 

il'li^V^'   •'"'' 
iil\  the  king 
i)W  iin  olill.i- 
ivirnors  wi'in 
iiul  |ir -v-iiliil 
he  r;m  ■  Inm, 
IImi,  1  ncuu-r: 
,y   tb.  «'■#. 
;  of  '.lie  w.iy, 
lt  ill  his  ri)uin. 
IOI1  iiml  ttivi.il 
IH.iih,  it  will 
v.y  flioaUl  ra- 
nd ii(;l>t  liun- 
ue,    'I'luisour 
ith  the  irreco- 


ifilii 


in  North  and  South-Guinea. 


441 


The  beCarc  mpntionM  brother  of  the  king 
of  Comm  i>i<t,  wholorlban"  picrc  of  villany, 
as  is  r<'|><)rtal,  hail,  together  with  his  wife 
,inil  chililren,  been  I'rnt  as  fl.ivcs  to  Surinam, 

l>y  Mr bur  iled  ,rtil  tree  by  theconi- 

iLiny,  were  brought  over  hither  again. 
ll|H)n  i>i»  arrival,  we  employed  him  to 
loiind  whether  his  brother  was  molt  mclin'd 
to  war  or  i)eace  •,  by  which  means  wo  found, 
that  he  beinj;  tired  with  tlic  tormer,  would 
In  very  willing  to  accept  of  the  latter: 
making  ufeof  this  opportunity  to  our  intire 
latisfiiition,  we  concluded  a  peace  upon  very 
honoiiraUlc  and  i;ood  terms  j  neither  fide 
ilcliring  any  mwre  than  aliittledand  lading 
peace,  as  it  had  undoubtedly  been  if  an  ac- 
cident as  iincx|)eiiled  had  not  interrupted  it  \ 
lor  we  had  but  juil  began  to  relilh  the 
pleafure  of  our  new  tranquillity,  and  l-arn'd 
to  pr.'tcr  a  prol'perous  eal'e  before  a  perni- 
cious war,  when  tiie  Euf^ltjb,  being  dilgulled 
at  it,  or  growing  jralous  tii.it  the  king 
would  adhere  too  dole  to  us,  we  beini;  his  old 
Iriends,  and  lliakc  them  olV  1  or,  for  fome 
otii.r  unknown  reafon  ;  murticrcil  him,  in  a 
manner  illeemul  barbarous  by  all  Euro- 
tr.vii,  when  became  to  divert  himfclf,  and 
make  merry  with  them  :  thus  ui.^.'atefully 
rewarding  the  feveral  years  fervice  he  had 
done  them. 

This  barbarous  aftion  occafioned  a  great 
alteration  on  the  coaft.  The  Commjiiuni, 
hitherto  lo  Uridly  allied  to  the  luiglijh.  be- 
came their  molt  inveterate  enemies,  refolv- 
ini;  at  any  rate  to  revenge  their  king's  death : 
•Tckt  .Inkaii,  on  the  contrary,  btcame  their 
greatell  frieml  ■,  and  having  a  hand  in  iiis 
brother's  murder,  (led  from  us,  Ihelter'd 
Imnklf  among  the  En^lijlj,  and  agreed  with 
them  to  fall  upon  tlv.'  C.oininanuiui  with  the 
lirll  opportunity.  'I'hey  invited  us  to  join 
with  them,  but  that  w.is  lefui'cd,  we  not 
being  able  to  enter  into  a  war  on  their  ac- 
lount,  and  having  hut  too  long  found  how 
fital  a  war  is  to  our  commerce,  'i'hey 
however  went  on  with  their  defign,  hiring 
the  H!ackin\Saboe,  Ac  any,  and  Cibejleira, 
wiih  which  auxiliaries,  •■feki  Ankan  came 
into  the  tielil,  and  cngag'd  the  Coinm.inians 
wuli  Inch  ill  fKx;;:,  "hat  notwithllanding 
tiK  number  of  his  men  was  quailruplc  to 
theirs,  yet  he  was  totally  routed.  The  Com- 
numians  ow'd  this  lignal  vidory  to  their 
g(  neral  Aino  Mi,  a  Biack,  who  in  valour 
cqu.dled,  if  not  exceeded  their  murdcr'd 
king. 

N\)twitliftanding  we  had  been  hitherto  per- 
fectly iieuter,rheC«;nwa«wwgeneral  fcntacivil 
mellage  to  our  governor,  together  with  fc- 
vcial  of  the  ikulls  of  his  vanquifli'd  ene- 
niiis,  in  token  that  he  had  refolved  to  live 
ami  die  in  the  fervice  of  the  Hollanders : 
his  mellenger  was  civilly  receiv'd,  and  after 
thaiit.s  .and  prefents  from  the  general,  dif- 
VoL.  V. 


milTed.  Were  I  todrtcrmineConccrninR thislUxnor. 
adion,  I  muft  own,  we  had  then  the  faircll  ^^V^ 
opjiortunity  in  the  world  to  obftruft  the 
I'nrlijh,  anil  refent  their  former  injuries,  if 
we  h.ad  quitted  Tek\-  ,1nknn,  as  he  defertcd  us, 
and  joined  with  the  Cnrnmaniiii.  ag  linft  them  : 
but  there  was  iRemora  in  the  way  ;  for  one  of 
tiie  greatell  villains  of  this  country  beinff 
then  broker  to  the  company,  hadlbgain'd 

the  car  of  Mr our  general,   that  he 

looked  u|ion  all  other  advice  as  jjcrnicious. 
This  favourite,  whether  en'  ouragcd  thereto  Ptr/iMtHf- 
by  intercll,  or  |)rompteil  by  an  inveter.ite "'/'"/ '*' 
hatred,  is  uncert.iin,  wis  continually  buz- 
zing ftories  in  the  governor's  ears,  in  order 
to  irritate  him  againll  the  (Jominaiiiaiis :  they 
in  the  mean  time  dircerning  by  his  carriage 
where  it  was  likely  to  end,  were  not  afraid 
to  ort'er  us  fome  injuries  •,  by  which  means 
y'lkim,  Co  the  broker  was  cali'il,  gain'd  his 
end,  and  iiad  fome  arguments  to  oftcr 
for  beginning  a  war  againii  ,hei",  and  luc- 

ceeded  lo  well  with  Mr that  without 

confulting,  or  imparting  it  to  the  count  il, 
he  refolved  upon  an  adion  equally  perlidious 
and  deteltable  ;  which  was  to  attack  the 
I'ctuans,  a  peo|ilc  fulijefk  to  the  Commaiii.im, 
contrary  to  the  common  faith  of  nations, 
when  they  came  under  our  protedion  to 
market  with  their  gooils:  accordingly  thi.'i 
was  barb.iroully  put  in  execution,  ami  they 
robbed  cf  all  they  brought  ;  fome  of  them 
killed,  and  eighty  m.ade  prifoners. 

Pray,  Sir,  be  plealed   to  judge  imparti- 
ally i  was  not  the  law  of  nations  hcr-in  vi- 
olated in  the  highelt  degree?  I  cannot  help 
believing  it  was  ;    and  that   his  excellency 
cannot  anfwer  his  atting   in  this  manner, 
without   the   ailvice  or   knowledge  of   the 
Council.     Hail  tiiey  indeed  confeiitcd  totliis 
bill-  adion,  he  might,  as  a  pretext,  have 
alledg'd,    tliar  thole  of   l-'dii  were     jullly 
puniflied,  for  the  muidiT  of  fome  women  at 
Miiri,  as  they  were  parting  by  rhem  -,  tho' 
that  is   very  improbable,    becaufe  the   /v- 
tuans  proteded  tliemlllvcs  innocent  of  the 
i'.xi'i,  and  kept   uji  a  good  correfpondencc 
with  us ;  nor  is  it  tn  be  imagined  they  durft 
fo  far  injure  u.s,  or  otlir  Inch  a  piece  of  vil- 
lany-,    or  that  after,    they    fliould  fearl;  Is 
and  defencclcfs  come  to  our  market  to  vend 
their  commodities,   is  what  can   never  be 
believed   by  unprejudiced  perfon,.     But  fe- 
veral boldly  affirm,    that  the  above  men- 
tioned murder  of  the  women,  was  commit- 
ted   by  the  contrivance  and  command  of 
Akim  himfclf,  and  fcki  Ankan,  defignedly 
to  lay  it  to  the  charge  of  the  Commanians, 
in  order  to  fervc  as  a  fpecious  pretext    to 
jutlify  our  breaking,    and  interrupting  all 
commerce  with  them.  Whether  this  be  true 
or  falfc,  heaven  only  can  determine  -,  but  it 
is  certain,  that  the  gent!  nun  of  the  coun- 
cil, tho'  they  relented  it  as  an  abominable 
5  U  adtion, 


~,  I 


im 


^1  •' ' 


XAm. 


n 


ri 


442 


Remarkable  Occurrences 


lUitMor  aflioii,  wen-  noi  willKiH  to  ilikovrr 
v^V^'thiir  fentimciits  wliin  jult,  bcruulc  the 
bUiiic  mull  ii'ieiratily  t.ill  ujx)u  ./*iw, 
whom  they  kiirw  wit  vilUiii  enmiKh  to 
reveny;c  himlill  at  tlic  cxiM.ntf  ot  thtir 
livci  i  (or  which  rwlon  ihcy   l>4U  it  over  in 

flKlKL-. 

Uy  thi'lf  iinw.irr.int.iblc  jir.iftucs,  our 
Ir.idf  .It  Mini  w.ii  iiunicklutcly  (Ulicil,  ami 
llic  Comm.iniMs  .inJ  l\litmt  bicanic  our 
protrlltJ  irjcinasi  wliiih  lo .miiiuteil  the 
Liii^l.Jh,  that  infti.uloJ  iiuLing  peace  with 
\\k  Suhoeniit,  ihellrongtll  ot  the  two,  they 
llicnyihcr.M  tlirmUlvcs  to  ihc  utmoll,  .iiul 
oiKf  more  cllt;,l^rll  thi- C'o«";i;m.i«J  i  wlio, 
with  thi  ir  liiuill  lorcc  Wuvcil  thcmiilvcs  lo 
will,  tli.it  iluy  h.ui  t.m.iihly  ^,ot  liu'  d.iy, 
it  tiu-ir  j^nicial,  /Imo  Juki,  ji.ul  noi  Ikch 
obJip^ed  to  retire  out  otiiic.irmy  by  i  wound 
hi-  rcitivcd  :  wliii.h  lo  coiitoundid  ihtm, 
th.U  .dtcr  tlay  had  bcnuii  to  put  tlwir  ciic- 
nm*.  to  llight,  u])i,n  miirmg  thcirtoiiim.in- 
chr,  tiny  ixionk  thetnl  Ives  to  ihcir  liccis 
in  t!ir  iiimoll  diiovdir  i  ic.iving  liki  JiiktH 
and  lii>  lollowi Tb  An  cntin-  victory  •,  tluir 
gimr.il,  and  liviial  ot  the  nmll  tonfuin.dilc 
among  iliLiii  bting  UiUM  and  taken  pii- 
Ibncrs. 

By  tliit  luccefs  Teki  /Man  became  king  of 
CummaHy ;  and  we,  as  wall  as  ths  hnjiiij/j, 
h.iii  a  liiarc  o\  adv.jntagi- by  it:  tho'  we 
might,  it  other  mcaturcs  lud  been  taken, 
have  done  our  t'elves  mu(  h  more  confiderahic 
I'crvice  ■,  but  not  to  lay  down  untci  laintics 
tor  undiniable  truths  all  men,  whilll  they 
arc  men,  arc  liable  to  trailties -,  ami  the  ma- 
na^trs  ot"  this  artair  had  their  tailings  as  well 
r.s  others.  Thus  I  have  laid  enough  ot  tiie 
C.ommiinian  war,  and  its  true  lourn  •,  bv 
which  you  may  be  beitir  enabled  to  \\a:.\U. 
(it  it  on  occafion  :  and  tho'  I  iuvc  left  blanks 
lor  [lie  n.imcs  ot'  our  governors,  you  cannot 
he  ignorant  who  is  tlicrc  intcndeil.  I  have 
alio  handled  the  whole  as  tenderly  as  was 
IHjITible,  without   prejudice  to  truth  •,    and 

what  is  laid  to  the  ditadvantagc  ot  Mr 

ought  rather  to  be  afcrib'd  to  his  millaken 
opinion  of  his  fiivouritc  Akim,  than  to  any 
ill  intention.  But  it"  you  alk  how  he  came 
to  be  lo  tond  of  him,  it  is  reported,  that 
before  he  was  preferr'd  to  the  government, 
that  wretch  ferv'd  him  with  a  fidelity  uncom- 
mon among  the  Hlach,  which  tindur'd  him 
with  luch  a  fettled  good  opinion  ot  him,  that 
he  never  could  believe  any  thing  againft  him. 
However  it  was,  'tis  certain  that  his  tond 
atftdtion  to  that  villain,  was  by  him  abufed 
only  to  enrich  himfclf.and  render  his  mailer's 
government  odious  to  all  people  :  and  thus 
he  is  liable  to  be  injur'd,  who  repolci  too 
much  confidence  in  any  one  man,  and  de- 
fpifes  the  good  intentions  of  others  (u  r.rvc 
him. 


Bf  Ifiim  l>»m    MtffuKn  Willi.ini  Ronan, 
William  Malrolt,  .<«<^NicJi.  Hu(kcridur| 

tbe  Ihnt  agtHls  at  C'abo-L'orlufii////. 

By  a  del"ertrr  troin  Mtna  we  aie  informed, 
that  tite  Dulib  company  have  lent  |X)fKivc 
orders  lo  (pare  no  toll  to  carry  on  the  war, 
and  drive  us  out  ot  ComminJo  :  and  tiir  that 
end  the  general,  with^  large  fum  ot  ntoitry, 
hi"!  corrupted  the  lir.ij/o  of  JuinitiH,  and 
( aptain  ot  ^^uiiman  to  ainif  little  Tiiiff,  to 
whom  wc  h.ul  lately  given  licveral  uajiti, 
lo  em  ouragc  them  to  be  true  to  the  Englijh  \ 
lorwiiicii  they  had  takm /v/i^ot'j,  or  o.iths, 
to  Hop  th.U  current.  Wc  are  necciniated 
to  be  at  .1  mnliderablr  exfifiue  to  your 
hoiiouis,  tD.iHiil  the  .aptaiii  ol  //>,),  kinut 
ot  .I'lualliiu,  /flu  and  iuh'/e,  wjio  with  ui 
are  lointly  rclolveil  lo  dcpole  the  Hnijf'o  of 
IwUiM,  and  capt.iin  ot  .'^JWd';,  and  make 
th"  captain  of  Aha,  B>aj/o  in  Ins  Head  ■, 
whii-n,  with  the  Dimibaa  adill.mie,  who 
fides  with  the  king  of /^y«,(//^,  iSfe.  .md  .ire 
coming  down  todilpute  their  dilferenceswiih 
the  /l)k.iiih-i,  doubt  not  but  (hall  tiulliats 
all  liie  DiiUb  ddigns  -,  .iiul  in  little  time  to 
li.ive  ilie  way  lo  ii|>en'd,  .is  to  h.ive  aconli- 
derable  traiie.  Wc  hojv  your  honours  will 
confider,  and  ule  tuch  nuaiiircsat  home, 
that  thele  ihcir  deligns  may  be  Irullrated, 
oiherwilc  it  will  prove  very  expcnfive  to 
keep  your  honours  interelfat  Commtudo,  or 
any  where  cllc;  tor  if  they  (hould  ever  get 
thel>cttcr  there,  they  would  endeavour  the 
iletlruCtion  of  all  your  honour's  factories  on 
the  coalt. 

Mima  or  Odoena. 
nn  HIS  town  is  very  long  andimlifTercntiiui,,,,, 
*     broad  ;  i7(/f  the  deteripiion.  Min 

About  tiltcen  or  fixteen  .cars  ago  it  was'"" 
very  populous,  and  eight  times  as  Ifrong 
as  at  prefcnt,  the  inhabitants  being  then  ter- 
rible to  all  the  BLifki  on  the  coatf,  and 
might,  untler  a  good  general,  have  fuc- 
cecded  in  great  undertakings  -,  but  about 
littcen  years  ago,  the  Imall-pox  twept  away 
to  many,  and  fincc  by  the  Commaman  w.irs, 
together  with  the  tyrannical  government  of 
fome  ot  their  generals,  they  have  been  fo 
miferably  depopulated  and  imjwverilh'd, 
that  it  is  hardly  to  be  believed  how  weak  it 
is  at  prcfent  ;  not  being  able  to  furnifh  titty 
arm'd  men,  without  tlie  hel|)  of  the  Icr- 
vantsot  t\vi  EuropLitMs :  and  there  is  no  place 
on  the  whole  Gold  Coa/l,  without  fome  of 
the  Bldcki  of  Mina  ;  for  tome  of  them  who 
were  friends  to  the  Commanians  tied  to  them, 
but  moll  of  them  from  the  tyranny  of  their 
governors,  and  our  above  mentioned  Mm, 
who  only  kept  them  as  fheep  for  flaughter. 
When  1  firft  came  upon  the  coalt,  I  have 
frequently  told  five  or  fix  hundred  canoes 
which  went  a  fithing  every  morning  ■<  whereas 

now 


Hum  Ronan, 
.  Hutkeriitgr, 

U  (itjilt. 

x\K  inlormcd, 
lent  ixjfuivc 

/  un  tl>e  wAr, 
and  tor  tlut 

(111  ot  nwikry, 

iitlllttll,   4ivl 

ttle  Tiitff,  t« 
cveral  Dajits, 
a  the  t.MgliJh  i 
/«(■!,  or  (Mths, 
e   nccciriijtcil 
eiuc   to   your 
ii.llra,  kinm 
wlio  with   us 
e  the  Huifo  ol 
iitn,  anil  make 
7   m  liib  Deail  '. 
iHill.inic,  wlio 
0,  Uc,  ,md  .ire 
Llitrcrfnctswiih 
;  (hall  tiuUiate 
n  little  time  to 
[o  havi'  aconl'i- 
lur  Imnoiirs  will 
liurts  at  I'.onif, 
r  be  1 1  nil  rated, 
y   cxjienfive  to 
t  Cominoido,  or 
fhuuld  ever  get 
1  cnileavoiir  the 
kur's  taftories  on 


:na. 


anilinilifTcrfntBormu 
nion.  t*y " 


.carj  aeo  it  wa* 


1701 


tir 


era 


I 


mes  as  rtrong 
being  then  ter- 
the  eoail,  and 

il,  have  liic- 
s  •,  but  aboui 
lox  I'wcptaway 
iiimaman  wars, 
governnii  nt  of 

liave  been  lo 

impoverilh'd, 
ed  how  weak  it 
to  tiirni(h  fifty 
elp  of  the  fer- 
ihcre  is  no  place 
ithout  fome  ot 
ne  of  them  who 
m  tkd  to  them, 
tyranny  of  their 
nentionod  Akim, 
p  forflaughter. 
he  coalf,  1  have 

hundred  canoes 
lorning;  whereas 
now 


in  North  and  South-Guinea. 


441 


now  fcarce  one  humlnd  appear,  and  all  the     two  fl/./r*,  tctchM  awiy  thcdead  i>nily,  not  It  >       r. 
peo(>lelo  poor,  that  their  miriral)lrcaleii  vet y     oHcrinj^to  mcdilli-  wiih  thrin  in  ihe  I  .dl.      s^v^^ 


,1.1.  •  "» 


dri  loralilc,  e1|>ceiiilly  if  we  reflect  ii|xm  their 
lornvr  uinditton.  So  that  iiiilerd  it  is  highly 
nrrelliry  that  a  governor  lhuuldbe()iiiekly  let 
over  them,  who  by  mild  \\\\\^e  would  loon 
recall  the  d<  letters,  di^iiilly  if  he  were  fo 
pruilent  as  t«  binifti.orat  lealf  cramp ./*/»«, 
lo  that  he  Ihouid  not  be  able  to  go  far  in- 
land, where  he  has  .it  our  eoft,  made  him- 
li'lf  lo  many  Irirnds,  that  he  would  certainly 
tio  more  milchief. 

H'ljm.iH,  p.  <iH-l  Ifi  Ok  year  1700,  in 
Dtcoibfr,  at  fix  in  the  morrunjj;,  an  elephant 
raine  to  Afiiii,  walkiii;^  ealily  along  the 
(hoar,  undi  r  tiir  hill  of  .SV.  '/.tf^o.  Sonv 
Bltiiks  were  l(.  bold  as  to  go  agaiiill  him 
without  any  thing  in  their  hanils,  in  .  fort 
to  welcome  ,ind  bring  him  in  :  he  liitu'r'd 
them  to  enionipals  him,  and  very  qui'ly 
went  along  with  them  tojulf  under  thv  mount 
^l.'Jaxo,  where  one  ot  our  otfiters  bclong- 
ini;  to  the  tort,  and  a  Black  that  came  down 
wiih  him,  fired  on  him,  and  the  officer's 
ball  hit  him  above  tiie  eye.  Tiiis  and  the 
loilowing  lliDtwhiih  tUcHlmki  pour'd  on 
him,  were  to  t.irtrom  provoking  him,  tlut 
they  tliil  not  move  him  to  mend  his  pace 
in  the  kalf  •,  he  only  li.'emed  to  threat-n  the 
B!(tcks  betwixt  whiles,  but  Uill  let  .'  -m 
alone  1  only  prick'd  up  his  cars,  whith  were 
of  a  prodigious  fize,  and  lo  went  on ,  and 
lallly,  Ifept  into  our  garden. 

This  extraordinary  accicknt,  and  our  own 
curiofity,  drew  the  diredlor-gcneral  and  my 
(elf  into  the  garden,  and  wc  were  loon 
followM  by  fome  of  our  jieople.  We  found 
him  Handing  in  the  midft  of  the  garden  1 
where,  before  our  coming,  he  had  broke 
down  tour  or  live  coco  trees ;  whicii  num- 
ber, either  to  divert  himlllf,  or  iViow  his 
(Irength,  he  augmented  with  five  or  fiX 
more  in  our  prefence.  The  Itrength  which 
he  fctmed  to  ufe  in  breaking  down  a  tree, 
may  very  fitly  be  compared  to  the  torce 
which  a  man  exerts  in  order  to  knock  down 
a  child  three  or  four  years  old. 

Whilfl:  he  Hood  there,  above  an  hundred 
thot  were  fir'd  at  him,  which  made  him 
bleed  to  that  degree,  as  if  an  ox  had  been 
kill'd.  Duringall  which  he  did  not  (tir,  but 
only  fet  up  his  ears,  and  made  the  men  ap- 
prehend that  he  would  follow  them. 

A  Rliick  fancying  himfelf  able  to 
deal  with  the  elephant,  went  Ibltly  behind 
him,  catch'dhis  tail  in  his  hand,  defigning 
to  cut  off  a  piece  of  it ;  but  the  elephant, 
after  giving  the  Black  a  (Iroke  with  his  fnout, 
drew  him  nearer,  trod  upon  him  two  or 
three  times,  and  as  if  that  were  not  fufiicient. 


Ihiil,  \\  jK)  )  Aiier  the  elephant  had  been 
about  ,in    hour  in  the  garden,  he  wheeled 
about,    as  it    he  inti'iuled  to  fdl  on  us,  as 
We   ftood  about   fi\iiTn  pires  from  him  i 
which  m.ule  all   ih.it  were  in  tho  garilrn  to 
fly,    the  greatill  part   m.iking  to    mount 
Si.  'Jiif^o,    but  the  anim  d  tollowM  no  botly 
out  of  the  garilen,    ,il'    flyinc    out  at  the 
tore  door,  and  Iw  look  the  l>.viK  door :  whe- 
ther the  w.dl  lV)0  I  i'l  his  w.iy,   or  the  door 
was  too   narrow   fur  liiin  to  p.ifs,  he  lUing 
it,  tho'  a  biick   .aid  .1  nail  iliii.k,  a  conli- 
dcrable  ilillaiuc,   wliiilil  li.ul  tlic  fortune  to 
fee  a  good  way  olV,  l>iitu»uld  nor  obl.ivc, 
that   in  fo  doing  he  very  iiuKJiiXcrted  hit 
llrengtli,    but    r.iiluT    lunied    to  touch  it 
lightly.     .Alter  which   he  did  not  oiil'.  pifs 
thro'   the  gip,  whtre   the  door  h.id  bei  n, 
but  fori  *d  tlirougii  tlu  ^.ir  len  lud^e,  b"'"fe 
very  toltly    by  mount  .V/. '/.i^'f   tow.inl'.  the 
river,  win  r^  he  Iviilud  himillf  to  w.iih  the 
blooil,  with  w'.iiiii  he  was  bd'me.ir'd,  or  to 
cool  himklf  alter  the  heat  occalitmed  by  Co 
many  fliot. 

After  having  rctrelhcd  hinif  If  a  little  in 
the  river,  he  came  out  and  Ifood  under  a 
parcel  of  trees,  where  were  l'om>-  of  our 
water  tubs  -,  and  there  he  alio  cooLd  him- 
felf, and  bloke  them  in  pieces,  as  he  did 
alfo  a  c.moe  that  lay  by  them. 

WhiKt    the  elephant    (lood   there,    the 
(hooting  was  rrnew'd,    till   at  1,  It  he  I  II 
down,  whin  they   immediately  lut  olV  his 
fnout,  which  was  lb  hard  and  tough,  that 
it  coft  the  Bl.itk.i  thirty  'frokes  before  they 
could  feparateit,  which  mulf  Iv  very  pain- 
ful to  the    bealt,  fince    ir  mavie  him  roar  i 
and   that   was  the  only  noil'e   I  licaid    him 
make.     After   tl.is   he  died  under  the  faiJ 
tree,  and   was  no   liioner  dead,     than    the 
Bluiki    (ell  on  him  in  crouds,  each  ciuting 
oft'  as  much  as  he  could  ,    fo   that   he   lur- 
nifhM    a  great   many,    as  well  Ifbius  as 
Bhckf,    with  food   enough    lor  tiiat   day  ■, 
who  found,  that  of  a  vail  t]uantity  of  'iiot. 
levellM  at  hirn,    very  few  hail  palled   the 
bone  into  his  head  ;  lome  remain'd  betwixt 
the  n<in  and  the  bone  •,  moll  of  them, and  more 
efpecially  thefmall-fliot  w.is  thrown  olV  by 
his  hide,  as  it  they  had  been  (hot  againll 
a  wall,  which  made  us  judge  the  bullets  were 
toofmall:  and  thofe  who  pretend  thorough- 
ly to  underftand  the  elephant  Ihooting,  told 
us,  that  we  ought  to  have  (hot  iron  bullets 
fincc  thofe  of  lead  are  flatted. 


made  two  holes  with  his  teeth  in  his  body, 
large  enough  for  a  man's  double  fift  to  en- 
ter:   then  he  let  him  lie,  without  making     *  at  the  death   of  great  people  iiad  been 
any  farther  actemin  ;   and  ftood  ftill  whilft    abolilhed,  and  I  was  fo  inform'd  ;  but  we 

have 


Cape  Corso. 

Mr.  John  Hillier'j  kllery    t   Dr.  B.uhurft 

(j/Oxon,  <^a/<'JCapeCorfo,  Jan.  3.    697  8. 

T  Thought  the  cuftom  of  deftroying  (laves 

*  at  the  death   of 


M  • 


;li;]' 


i  ^ 


)■■'        !1 


lit?i:l 


MM 


..-if 


444 


Remarkable  Occurrences 


Ba  r  hot.  have  feen  that  it  is  not  •,  for  Oi'lcber  the  third, 
'«^V^  tliis  yen ,  died  Abcn  Penln  Alijnve,  king  ot 
i''f/«,  here  at  cape  Corfo^  where  he  h.iil  been 
long  fick.  The  l-'eufferoi  had  done  all  they 
could  to  fave  his  life,  whicli  was  nothing 
at  all  to  the  purixjfc ;  their  phyfick  ilarce 
extends  to  any  thing  but  the  ttux,  and  what 
wc  call  the  I'rcncb  ililt;afe  :  his  was  a  con- 
fuminion  and  an  allhma  (if  I  miftakc  not 
the  word;  of  a  great  continuance,  lb  that 
they  fled  to  tiie  aid  of  their  religion  ;  and 
according  to  the  rules  of  that,  they  made 
leveral  pellets  of  clay,  whiih  they  let  in 
''is  room,  ill  rank  antl  tile,  all  fprinkled 
with  blood  ;  befides  the  feveral  muttons 
which  tluy  e.\t  to  his  gooel  health,  but 
that  was  of  too  little  force  ;  fo  the  man 
died,  having  deliver'd  his  fword  to  the  !)£■)■; 
who  in  the  inurregnuiii  was  to  be  the  princi- 
pal man  -,  for  the  kingdom  is  ekftive,  con- 
trary to  what  we  wrote  before  :  anil  com- 
manding; him  to  be  conrtant  to  the  Engliih, 
oi  wlioiii  himfelf  had  been  a  great  t.ivourer  ; 
with  a  threat,  if  he  was  not,  to  haunt  him 
Piffle  after  i.is  death.  1  le  alfo  appointeO.  oik  of 
hlij.it  liis  wives,  whom  he  thought  wordiy  of  that 
illa'ir."'  ti'ikicky  honour,  to  acioinpany  liim  lo  the 
other  woild. 

The  next  day  he  was  carried  to  Irtoit, 
and  buried  there  NoVimhertUc  fecond,  with 
the  poor  woman  we  fpoke  olV.  I'releiitly 
after,  they  that  were  confulerable,  or  had 
a  mind  to  feem  fo,  fent  in  thofe  they  had 
a  mind  to  murder  in  honour  ui  the  king: 
how  many  there  were,  is  hard  to  fay;  the 
higlied  accounts  give  ninety,  the  lowell 
fifty,  the  middle  levcnty.  The  Bltuki  do 
not  underftaiui  ariihmetiek,  fo  the  number 
they  give  in  all  caks  is  very  uncertain  :  I 
think  there  were  above  eight  from  this 
town,  which  will  not  iiold  proportion  to 
the  highcrt  rate-,  but  it  is  like,  near  J'eion 
there  might  be  more.  They  fay  alio,  that 
many  more  will  follow  half  a  year  after 
his  death.  The  manner  of  the  execution 
of  thefe  poor  creatures  I  have  not  yet  learnt, 
only,  that  they  make  them  drink  and  dance, 
with  a  great  deal  of  bravery,  all  the  be- 
ginning of  the  day,  and  toward  night  cut 
otf  their  heads  ■,  but  whether  by  that  they 
reckon  the  common  way  of  their  executions, 
I  am  yet  to  feek. 
EliT  or  ''^^^'^'^  ^^^  king's  funeral,  the  next  thing 
•  «np.  was  to  chufe  a  fucceflbr ;  fo  the  people 
were  called  together  at  Fctoii,  (I  fuppofeby 
the  authority  of  the  Dry)  without  inquiring 
any  thing  of  their  freehold  :  they  pitched 
upon  Mydy,  tho'  he  were  not  of  the  blocd 
royal  -,  the  rcafon  was,  as  they  faid,  be- 
caufe  he  had  power  enough  to  do  what  he 
pleafed,  and  they  coulddo  nothing  againll 
him  i  but  he  refufcd  the  honour,  becaufe 
of  the  charge  it  would  put  hiin  to,  and 
propofed  the  brother  of  the  deceal'ed  king . 


fo  the  bufinefs  ftuck  fome  time,  but  at 
laft  it  was  accordcil,  and  king  AJhrive'i 
brother  was  declared  king  November  the 
eighteenth :  his  name  is  Ahenaco.  'Tis 
wonderful  how  they  could  difpatch  fuch  a 
bufinefs  with  lb  little  diHurbance  -,  but  I 
fuppofe  there  was  no  confiderable  number 
that  dillented  ,  otherwife  it  would  fcarje 
have  been  determined  without  bloodfhed, 
becaufe  it  was  not  eafy   for  them  to  poll. 

I  faid  it  w.is  doubted,  whether  thofe  fa- 
crificed  died  after  the  rate  of  their  ordinary 
executions  •,  if  you  would  know  it,  the 
creature  that  is  condemp°d  is  made  to  drink 
abundance  of  palm- wine,  and  to  dance, every 
body  that  will,  all  the  whik',  fhiking  or 
jiufliing  him:  when  that  is  over,  lie  is 
thrown  down  on  his  face  upon  the  land, 
which  whether  it  flifles  him  or  not,  1  cannot 
tell  }  then  his  legs  are  cut  o(F  below  the 
knees,  and  his  arms  below  the  elbows ; 
afterward  his  thighs,  and  his  arms  below 
the  Ihoulders  ;   lailly,  his  head. 

.'\  man  would  not  expert  any  thing  more 
barbarous  than  this  ;  yet  there  is  a  cullom 
which  has  fbniething  worfe:  when  any  one 
has  new  drums,  trumpets  or  blowing-horn!!, 
it  is  requifite  that  they  be  conlecrated  with 
human  blood.  I  have  known  but  one  hap- 
pen of  this  kind,  that  was  Januar-j  the 
feventh  1686-7,  when  after  the  man  had 
been  executed  after  the  former  manner, 
about  eight  in  the  morning,  at  one  in  the 
after-noon  they  drank  palm-wine  out  of  the 
upper  part  of  his  fkull,  and  this  in  the  fight 
of  all  the  fiftors  at  cape  Corfo.  In  Hohik 
the  natives  facrilice  their  piifoners  to  their 
iiiols,  and  afterwards  eac  them,  according 
to  MtTcator. 

Ibid.  p.  .ii.]  Under  the  7i«^^/;y2)  fort  youfjOT".,/ 
may  obferve  a  houfe  not  unlike  a  Imall  fort,  Muijua, 
with  a  flag  on  it,  and  fome  cannon  v  this 
is  inhabited  by  an  Englifj  Alulaito,  by  name 
Ed-xard  Barter,  who  has  a  greater  power  on 
the  coaft,  than  all  the  three  h'.nglxjh  agents 
together  (in  whom  the  chief  command  of 
the  •  oaft  is  veiled  jointly)  who  by  rcalbn  of 
thtir  fliort  flay  here  are  fo  little  acquainted 
with  the  affairs  of  this  coaft,  that  they 
fuffer  themfelves  to  be  guided  by  him,  who 
very  well  knows  how  to  make  his  advantage 
of  them  :  he  is  become  fo  confiderable, 
that  he  can  raife  a  great  number  of  arm'd 
men  ■,  fome  whereof  are  his  own  flaves, 
and  the  reft  free-men,  that  adhere  to  him. 
Thus  his  inierefl  is  at  prefent  fo  great,  that 
he  is  very  much  refpedleil,  honoured  and 
ferv'd  by  the  principal  people  about  him  ; 
and  whoever  defigns  to  trade  with  the  En^- 
lijh,  muft  Hand  well  with  him,  before  he 
can  fuccecd.  This  Mulalto  pretends  to  be 
a  chrirtian,  and  by  his  knowledge  of  that 
religion,  which  he  has  acquireilTiy  thead- 
vant,ige  he  has  of  reading  and  writing, might 

very 


///  North  and  South-Guinea. 


449 


very  well  pafs  for  one-,  but  his  courfe  of'Iifc 
1%  altogether  contraiiidtory :  for  tho*  he  is 
lawfully  married  in  England,  he  has  above 
eight  wives  and  as  many  miftreflcs.  But  this 
tlie  Eiiglijl)  muft  not  condemn  as  diflioneft 
and  irreligious,  fince  moft  of  their  officers 
and  governors  follow  the  Mulatto's  exam- 
ple •,  fori  believe  two  of  the  prefent  agents 
haveabout  fix.     This  was  about  1701. 

By  the  following  accounts  I  am  apt  to 
btlieve  this  Mulatto  was,  upon  the  coming 
of  Sir  Dalb^  Thomas,  out  of  place  and  cre- 
dit at  tlie  Gold  Coajl.     Bofman,  {.  23. 

h'ih.'j,  1701-2.]  Before  the  receipt  of 
yours,  having  notice  of  fome  villanie,')  com- 
mitted by  Riirter,  being  up  in  the  country, 
(Int  for  him  down  ;  but  he  being  confiious 
otour  having  the  knowledge  of  his  actions, 
fled  up  into  the  country.  Wc  dnubi  iiis 
underhand  dealing  wit!i  the  Dutch,  who  take 
his  part,  tho'  Mr.  Pak  went  to  Mind  tocon- 
llilt  tliem,  will  put  us  to  lome  inconveniencics. 

May  15,  170,',  /.  24.]  How  much  the 
Dti'.ch  are  your  rivals  in  trade,  your  ho- 
nour is  a  judge  ;  but  it  cannot  be  expei^K-d 
ours  Ihould  iiicrcall",  wiiilll  tlu'y  give  Bar- 
ter a  protecftion  under  tneir  calllc,  to  flop 
any  from  coming  in  here.  I  can't  tell  what 
ciuu  le  the  gentlemen  defign  to  take  for  the 
future,  to  prevent  fuch  inconveniencics  •,  but 
certainly,  at  prefent,  we  fuffer  very  much 
by  his  villany. 
■;.  '  Al  Caho  Corfu cx^\t,  Apnl  2,  i-joy.  The 
ten  per  cent,  fliips  carry'd  all  the  trade, 
perpets  at  five  /lUcs.  No  people  in  the 
world  underlland  ii\eir  interelt  better  than 
the  Blacks  :x  the  Gold  Co.iil ;  and  could  they 
lupply  their  wants  .  s  cheap  at  the  factories, 
as  they  do  aboani  ten  per  cent,  fliips,  one 
would  think  thev  would  not  put  themfelves 
to  the  charge  ci  canoe-hire,  antl  the  hazard 
ofoverfetting  with  their  goods,  as  ol ten  they 
do.  Befides  thai  advantage  on  the  price  of 
goods,  they  have  that  on  the  price  of  Haves 
alio.  The  ten/c»-  ecu!,  fliips  being  upon  the 
co.ill,  and  near  flav'd,  they  dilpofe  of  their 
<j,oods  at  prime  coft,  for  difpatch  1  and 
give  very  extravagant  prizes  for  ll.ive.s 
crpecially  when  they  are  advant'd  to  the  lee- 
ward as  far  as  Wiimcbah.  Another  inconveni- 
ency  has  appeared  at  Caho  Ccrfo  calUe, 
that  in  the  year  1703,  three  large  fliips  of 
the  Irencb  company  of  the  /IjTieiito,  of  about 
fifty  guns  a  piece,  and  one  of  them  a  Dutch 
man  of  war  prize,  call'd  the  Medciiblkk,  be- 
ing trading  about  cape  Corfo,  and  the  Blacks 
not  liaring  to  go  aboard  of  them  with  flaves 
or  gold,  the  French  drew  their  (hips  in  a  line, 
at  about  half  cannon-fhoi  from  the  cafllc, 
the  anchoring  there  very  good,  mud  and 
find,  did  fo  warmly  batter  the  callle  from 
that  fide,  notwithftanding  its  hot  firing  from 
the  water-battery  and  turrets,  that  in  iefs 
than  aa  hour's  time  the  garrifon  was  forc'd 
V  o  L.  V. 


to  keep  clofe  (helter'd,  not  daring  to  appear  Baruot 
any  longer,  to  play  their  cannon.  The  com-  '^V^' 
mander  found  himfelf  oblig'd  to  hang  out 
a  white  flag  for  a  truce  1  and  to  grant  to  the 
Blacks  of  the  town,  and  all  others  aLout,  to 
traffick  freely  with  the  French,  who  got 
thereby  a  good  number  of  flaves  and  geld, 
for  their  merchandize. 

Manfrou,  er  Danish  Mount, 
near  C  o  r  s  o  cajUe. 

70HN  BLOOME,  Feh.27,  1691-2.  at 
Cahi)  Corfo.  ]  I'Wderick/J'i'rgh  fort,  which 
belonged  to  the  Denies,  and  was  fold  and 
deliver'dby  Mr.  Hans  L.'t.k,  their  general, 
in  the  year  1685,  to  Ilciiry  Nurfe  Efq;  agent 
for  the  royal  African  company  of  England, 
V-  at  prefent  but  a  mean  fortification,  butEngUdi 
tieiign'd  to  be  built  very  flrong  :  the  royalA"- 
Jj'rian  company  has  named  it  l^'ort  Royal. 

Reflex,  p.  3 2. J  I'ort  Rynlh  now  builtj  'tis 
.1  lt]i:  ire  fort,  newly  rebuilt  of  brick,  and 
h  IS  feven  guns  mounted  on  the  cartle,  and 
eleven  on  the  platlbini ;  it  is  conflimly 
gu.irdcd,  with  about  fix  white  men  and 
twelve  Gromeltocs.  'Tis  i'eated  on  the  top 
of  a  hill,  within  lels  than  a  mile  from  cape 
Corfo  caflle,  to  the  eailwar  1,  and  they  arc 
ver^  afTiiling  one  to  the  other. 

Bofman,  p.  /;3.]  The  fort  was  begun  in 
1691),  when  the  E.ngliflj  entirely  pull'd  down 
the  old  one;  the  agents  oblig'd  me  with  a 
fight  of  the  model,  by  which  that  already 
finilh'd  is  built,  as  the  whole  is  intended  ; 
and  by  this  I  perceive,  they  do  not  intend  to 
take  in  a  large  compafs  of  ground,  but  when 
finilh'd,  it  will  be  lb  iVong,  that  no  fort 
on  the  coaft  will  be  to  compare  to  it.  The 
Ibrm  of  it,  and  the  natural  flrength  of  the 
hill,  which  they  intenii  to  cut  fleep,  fo  that 
only  one  accefs  fliall  be  left  to  it,  will  render 
it  fo  flrong,  that  if  well  flor'd  with  provifions 
and  well  ganifon'd,  it  cannot  be  taken  with- 
out great  difficulty  •,  which  will  be  yet 
augmented,  if  we  confider  that  the  enemies 
being  unaccutlom'd  to  the  air,  and  appre- 
henfive  of  the  natives,  can  hardly  bcficge  iti 
They  who  would  have  it, muft  take  it  by  fur- 
prize  ;  for  I  dare  engage,  when  it  is  finifh'd, 
the  Engtilb  may  f.dely  depend  on  it. 

Ibid.  p.  33.]  Queen  .Vwwc's  point,  is  a  fort 
lately  built  of  Hone  and  lime,  leated  on  a 
hill,  within  lei's  than  a  mile  of  Fort-Royal, 
to  the  weftward,  and  two  miles  off  a  D«/(  6 
fort,  to  the  caflw.ird  of  it ;  has  five  guns 
mounted,  and  is  commonly  guarded  with 
five  If'/'itc  men  and  fix  Gromcttoes. 

It  feems  by  Bofman'^  Ictrers,  that  this 
Queen  Ann^s  point,  is  at  or  near  Congo,  a- 
bout  half , I  league  from  the  Daniflj  mount, 
where  the  Dutch  had  fornurly  a  fine  flonc 
houfe,  divided  and  fituated  upon  two  hil- 
locks, as  in  the  defcription  you  may  farther 
obferve. 

5  X  Ana. 


m 


ni\ 


m4^ 


\:% 


\% 


i\i 


I »' 


>  f. 


44^ 


Remarkable  Occurrences 


Batihot 


w 


m:-m 


F.ng'iifli 

ilillurk'J 
iy  the 
Blacks. 


A  V  A  M   A  B  O  E. 

Mr.  Tliomas  Cooper,  chaplain,  writes  from 

tape  Corfo  cajlU,Sepc.  19,  1701. 
"T*  HERE  is  war  between  us  and  the 
■*•  Blacks  at  Anamaboe,  and  all  things  are 
in  dilbrder  and  confufion  -,  as  likcwife  it  is 
reported  that  the  Dutch,  contrary  to  the  ar- 
t'l  if '  agreed  on,  afTift  the  Blacks  with  pow- 
cioi  and  guns. 

ne  three  agents  letter  at  Cabo  Corfo  caftle, 

Noveinb.  6,  1701. 
On  the  fourth  oi September,  being  Similay, 
the  Blacks  in  a  tumultuous  manner  ap- 
proached towards  the  caftlc  of  Jnamaboe, 
broke  open  the  outer  fpurgatc,  andfet  fire  to 
our  outwalis  and  corn-room,  firing  alfo  at  the 
caftlc  ;  but  by  our  firing  the  great  guns, 
they  ibon  quitted  their  ground,  and  falfe  pre- 
tcnfions  too.  In  requital,  that  night  from  the 
earth',  we  burnt  tiie  major  part  of  the  town; 
thiscontinu'd  for  twenty-two  days,  at  which 
time  tiuy  rcqucfted  a  truce,  and  tiiat  they 
woalii  compofe  thofc  matters  to  our  dcfire, 
the  king  of  Saboe  being  come  there  for 
tiiat  intuit  ;  the  which  we  granted.  They 
Dbj-ctL'd  againfl:  notliing  that  wepropofed  to 
them,  and  for  their  fidelity  they  took  Fetif- 
foes,  tliat  is,  their  oaths,  according  to  thecuf- 
tom  of  the  country;  rendring  up  their  fons 
alfo,  as  pawns  for  their  better  performance 
of  this  agreement,  and  payment  of  the  da- 
mage done  to  your  honours  fort.  But  fince, 
by  the  encouragement  of  the  ten  per  cent, 
men,  captain  Ben/on  in  a  (hip,  the  Amity  of 
L/iulon,  giving  them  all  the  afliftance  he 
could,  which  we  hope  your  honours  will  take 
notice  of,  they  begin  to  play  the  old  game 
again,  i.ot  regarding  any  agreement  ever 
made  witli  :hem. 

It  appears  to  me  by  Bloome's  memoirs,  the 
chief  at  /liuimabi,e,  withfome  of  the  other 
principals,  were  fo  afiiiulted  by  the  Blacks 
at  the  time  they  attacked  the  caftle,  on  the 
4t!i  of  September,  1 70 1,  that  they  fled  to 
cape  Corfo  caftle  naked  in  their  ftiirts  only. 
The  Negroes  oi'  Anamaboe,  are  the  moft  tur- 
bulent reftiefs  [)eopIe  of  all  the  coaft. 
P.   15.]  By  a  letter  from  John  Smith,  da- 

teJ  at  Anamaboe,  6  February,  1704. 
Since  I  came  hither,  I  have  done  as  much 
as  poftible  to  oblige  the  natives,  and  in- 
creafe  as  well  as  mainiain  your  honours  in- 
tereft  with  them  ;  winch  at  firft  fecm'd  to 
have  a  good  efteft :  but  fince  the  arrival  of 
the  ten  per  cent,  ftiips,  I  have  not  been  able 
to  keep  the  trade  to  the  fort ;  for  there  can 
be  no  limitation  to  the  price  of  good  flaves, 
when  other  fliips  out  bid  us:  which  I  am 
pofitive  has  been  done  by  captain  Prince,  he 
havinggivenfourt?cn  poundsa-head  for  men; 
as  alfo  by  one  captain  Normanton,  in  a  bri- 
gantine  bound  for  Jairaica,  who  firft  fold 
blue  perpets  for  five  angels  each,  and  before 


lie  went  off,  difpofed  of  feveral  for  four 
angels. 

Agga,  ■?  March,  1707-8.]  The  ten  ter 
cent,  men  ufing  this  place  fo  much,  his 
made  the  (lavts  exceffive  dear.  Four  flup^ 
from  Briflol  and  Burbadoes  ftaved  here  be 
Jore  the  battles  were  fougiit,  and  they  gave 
fourteen  pieces  current  for  men,  and  nine  for 
women,  and  fome  fifteen  pieces;  or  in  jr(,|,i 
three  ounce  .,  three  or  four  akves  a  niaTi;  i 
woman  two  ounces,  three  or  four  akycs 
ahead.  At  this  place  all  the  year  round,  one 
year  with  .mother,  men-ftavesare  dearer  bv 
twelve  akyes  upon  a  heaii,  than  at  any  other 
place  of  the  coaft. 

1'"  A  N  T  Y  ^f. 

A  T  the  end  of  Fa>ityn,  below  Cormeii-i>^r 
^  tw,  the  E>!gl!J/,,  two  years  paft,  pl,,n-p  ,T' 
ted  a  flag  and  beg.in  to  build  a  fort :  whe- 
ther their  ex|)eftations  were  not  fati^fiud, 
or  they  could  not  agree  with  the  BIncb. 
is  uncertain  ;  but  at  prelent,  1701,  they 
are  endeavouring  to  remove  all  the  mate- 
rials from  thence,  wiiieli  tlie  native  com- 
mander in  chief  has  hitherto  hindered  ;  ami 
how  it  will  end,  time  muft  ilifcover.  It  I 
mirtakc  not,  it  appears  that  this  was  the 
Shidoe  faftory,  which  the  author  of  the  re- 
flexions, idc.  takes  notice  of  in  his  cata- 
logue of  the  £;;^.'///j  fettlements  atthecoafl 
of  Gimtea,  (^c.  and  fays,  it  is  a  very  pro- 
fi'  :.ble  Victory,  which  makes  good  returns 
to  cape  Corjb  caftle. 

A  c  R  o  N. 
TN  the  middle  of  it,  at  the  village  Apaw,ij     , 

in  the  year  1697,  we  Hollanders  hagM 
to  build  a  fmall  fort,  or  rather  houfe,  now 
fortified  with  two  batteries,  as  the  draugi.i 
will  better  inform  you.  To  this  we  have '''  *"  =, 
given  the  name  effort  Lydiaemhcyd,  i.  f,  Dutch  v„ 
Patience;  becaule  we  met  with  (ufficicnt 
opportunity  of  exercifing  that  vertue  in 
building  of  it,  by  the  frequent  oppofitions 
of  the  natives.  Our  chief  faftor  there,  by 
the  deadnefs  of  the  trade,  and  the  depraved 
nature  of  the  inhabitants,  is  fo  perplexed, 
that  he  has  enough  to  do  to  keep  his  tem- 
per. I  never  was  fo  deceived  in  my  ex- 
peftation  as  by  thofe  natives ;  they  ap- 
peared fo  well  at  firft,  that  by  my  ad- 
vice the  building  of  that  fort  was  much 
expedited  ;  but  i  foon  enough  repented  it. 
Upon  the  two  batteries  arc  eigiit  pieces  of 
cannon  ;  but  its  greateft  ftrength  and  or- 
nament, is  derived  from  a  fine  turr  ■dc- 
fore  it. 

Angwina  or  Agonna. 
A  BOUT   the   middle  of  Agonra,  thf-Bofimn, 

tn^tjh  built   a  fm..Il  fort  in  the  y  ai  F  '! 
1694,  a  draught  whireot  fee.     It  is  covc-Plmh; 
red  with  a  flat  roof,  and  has  four  b.itte- 

rks 


eral  for  tour 

The  ten  per 
o  much,  h;is 
Four  fliips 
laved  here  be 
ind  they  gave 
I,  and  nine  for 
esi  or  in  gold 
vves  a  man;  a 
ur  four  akycs 
■ar  round,  one 
sare  dearer  by 
ui  at  any  other 


)clow  Cormm- 


irs  pad,  pLin-f. 
1  a  ton  :  wlie- 
•  not  fati^ficd, 
'irh  the  Blacb. 
t,  1 70 1,  they 
all  the  m.ue- 
le  native  coni- 
)  hindered  land 
difcovcr.  It  I 
t  this  was  tiie 
Jthor  of  the  re- 
af  in  his  cata- 
nts  at  the  coaft 
:  is  a  very  pro- 
5  good  returns 


nofnii, 


1,5  ;, 


is! 


:1 


village  .1j.vn,:.!.^  ; 
llamkn  began 
r  houlf,  now 
as  the  draugl'.t. 
this  we  havefi*":. 
lU'inhcyli  i.  e.  Dutch  .k 
ith   furticicnt 
at    vertue  in 
nt  oppofitions 
flor  there,  by 
'  the  depraved 
fo  perplexed, 
keep  his  tcni- 
ed   in  my  ex- 
es ;    they  ap- 
by  my  ad- 
"ort  was  much 
h  repented  it, 
eight  pieces  of 
engch  and  or- 
fine  turr    le- 


!i;,i. 


0  N  N  A. 

f   Agolira,  thcBnfmin, 
)rt  in  the  y  ai  P  'i 
c.     It  is  covc-Pl*ui;. 
as  fou'    l).itte- 
ncs 


II 


\:h 


!i 


i 


I   '    .  n 


■i 


l4 


»'  :> 


*--m^-\\:  K  I 


m:w<'m\ 


'■   IMH 


¥t^ 


\t 


Hi'l 


I  ^  ••f 


/:■/.  7  :y?<//^ -•■,-. 


'01 


•A  'u}/jii!'dllMtCi''"-''"yili 


lU^til 


■*'*! 


■^^ 


X: 


9^i 


fj}t(y-c'l\'^-c'ltf\s 


h^A 


'lil 


ti«^".M 


;t  «l  11   I    ■   111 


^ 

•^i 

'1 

wtmHv 

lH 

H 

Ih 

— ■ — . 

-S^^.^=^^jS 

.•=:  ~i~rr=!| 

:".i  at 

^^i^fel 

^H 

Iyffll3 

1^ 

^ 

^ 

1 

^ 

:r:i.^ "  ---^■- 


M 


\r^ 


!■'.  iti 


l^ 


li      li  !l      '>!  ' 


t^T.i  1'  i 


IS  ?■' 


i»ir 


'lii!,i|v 


'If     ,     li 


III 


itf 


';<Vs-''-^' 


■«'•!-' 


m  -^ 


!i    1  li*l!!!;'» 


. !,  •'  rmm 


W^^ 


m 


mmm 


/;>/.  T.J'Ai/'f  Ji. 


J  I 


r*rl' 


y  Tif! 


-.l,,f.  Ij  .-.  . '. 

r.i::'--,  ^ 


i- 


fit 


.«■!:; 


■  !:'  •! 


'       ^.S^=S= 

7T7PF 

vr/^ 

a. 

^ 

^  ^. 

^ 

i^A 

zj 

Cj^iiM 

Hi;.: 


,1  "ill'!;.:  ■ '  ' 


lli 


J 


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i 


:in; 


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^!"','/l 


S 


,,.'[■ 


in  Notth  and  South-Guinea. 


447 


ri«  fo  large,  that  a  man  may  eafily  Iiap 
,  /er  them  without  a  llickv  anJ  the  guns 
are  of  a  proportionable  bigncfs,  one  of  them 
ilill'iia''ging  a  half-pound  ball :  in  fhort, 
it  is  like  our  forts,  at  Boutiy,  Znconde, 
ChiWia,  and  Apnm,  and  theirs  at  Dickief- 
tboiif,  a  fort  which  wants  another  to  de- 
fend it.  The  adjacent  village  to  it  is  H^im- 
Ihi,  others  call  it  Simfa,  and  the  EfigliJ/j 
Jt^hlnnebah.  The  Aiiiamlioes  who  dwell  far- 
ther inland  made  excurfions  to  /Uiguinn,  in 
169^,  and  1691;  which  is  very  trouble- 
fome  to  the  inhabitants. 

ficfl.  p.  33,  xi.  J  This  IVhinnebah  is  a  large 
fquare  Ibrt  witi>  lour  flankers,  all  bui't  u\ 
ftone  and  lime:  tlicre  are  lightccn  guns 
in  it,  is  commonly  guirdeii  by  about  twelve 
IFiyUi  men  and  tweniy-eiglu  (,'romttt'jes, 
and  has  a  fuitahle  tanl  a  pool  or  balbn 
for  water.  It  ll.inds  about  a  iiuntlrcd  and 
twenty  pates  from  the  lla,  within  tlsrcc 
miles  of  Sbiih^,  to  the  wellward,  .md  tliirty- 
fix  miles  from  .l.r.i,  cHtward. 
::jmm.  /'•  ('-■]  -'^['cvkiug  ot  AhiUe ,!,■!  D'd'lo,  in 
the //i^o«'/i  country,  he  fiys,  this  hill  is  re- 
ported to  be  very  rich  in  gold,  \s  hereof  the 
Jumin/ians  are  laid  to  ,;ather  a  coiiliderable 
v.ilue  after  violent  fliowers,  the  rain  walli- 
in"  it  "tl"  with  the  land.  This  year,  1701, 
one  Mr.  Bai^'^i  ilied  at  Crt/^o  C'o/'«,  who  was 
a'^ent  for  the  Englijh,  ami  entrulted  with  a 
moie  ample  commiilion  than  any  ot  his  pre- 
decelTors,  or  the  three  who  uled  to  govern 
together,  had  for  fevcral  years.  This  exten- 
fivecommifnon,  if  we  may  believe  the  £h^^- 
lijh,  was  given  him  by  the  direftors  of  the 
4r'ii.-rt»  company,  becaufe  he  h.ul  inform'd 
them  of,  and  promis'd  to  dig  gold,  or  gold 
ore,  out  of  this  hiil,  and  fend  it  over  to  them. 
To  tliis  purp<jfe  he  brought  all  manner  of 
necellvry  inftruments  ahjng  with  him  ;  but 
lam  certain,  if  he  had  purfu'd  his  defign,  the 
A-^onnafians  would  have  treated  him  and  his 
men  as  ill  as  the  Commamam  did  us,  which  I 
believe  his  fuccclTors  will  >vifely  tonfider. 

Sir  Dalh)'  Thomas  at  cajje  drfo.  May  13, 
lyOv  p.  16. J  The  king  ot  ll''biiLib,  and 
the  king  of  ^uamboo,  have  a  great  many 
fine  guns.  The  king  oi Saboe  has  two.  '  Tis 
true  thole  people  do  not  at  prelent  under- 
ftand  how  to  ufe  them,  but  how  loon  they 
may,  none  can  tell  ;  nor  is  it  unreafonable 
to  think,  that  they  may  take  it  to  be  their 
intcrelt  to  hire  a  IViAte  man  to  make  them 
mafters  of  gunnery  ;  and  there  is  very  lel- 
dom  wanting  a  renegado  White  man  to  in- 
ftruft  the  word  of  enemies,  when  well  of- 
fer'd :  and  when  that's  done,  farcwel  forts 
and  callles,  the  trade  of  this  coaft,  and  every 
thing  elfe  but  cruelty  and  inhumanity  here. 
Something  is  neeeflary  to  be  done,  to  pre- 
vent the  (elling  of  great  guns  to  the  Blacks, 
cither  by  the  Eii^ltflj  or  Dutch.  I  believe 
there  are  feveral  laws  in  both  nations ;  and  I 


am  of  opinion,  that  only  the  Lntlil))  do '''^ '*'•'"' ■ 
this.  ^^V>^ 

At  W\nnehd\  without  date,  fup()os'd  to 
be  February,  1706-7,  from  Mr.  oV//^  6V0/- 
venor.\  I  have  been  told  that  the  country 
of  Angvuina  was  forinerly  entirely  for  your 
honours  interell,  as  by  contraft  between  you 
and  the  queen  of  this  country  \  but  the 
Dutch,  like  treacherous  undermining  [-leople,  ^'"'^''  ''»• 
have  encroadi'd  fo,  as  to  make  a  fetilement'^",'''''" 
at  a  place  rall'd  Biirruioe,  where  they  have 
ercited  a  fmail  trianguLir  Ibrt  of  twelve 
guns. 

I  find  them  very  troublefome  neighbours, 
always  incenfing  tli  •  natives  againlt  us,  to 
interrupt  us  in  uur  trade.  The  D'Uch  chiel 
at  Bitrnicci;  l.itcly  look  llvcral  of  your  lio- 
noiirs  gofitls  from  traders,  which  they  h;»d 
bought  here  of  me,  tilling  them  he  fliouid 
alw.iys  contintie  to  do  lo,  if  they  came  to 
the  F.n4:jh  to  buy  gooiJN :  I  lent  a  meflen 
ger  to  demand  tir,:  goods,  and  he  would  not 
icturn  them  ;  l)t,t  I  have  lince  made  him  de- 
liver them  to  me,  and  he  proniisM  never  to 
take  any  more  goods  from  our  tradi.rs. 

Ac  R  A    aihl  A  i^^u  A  M  i;  o  e. 
COME  timcfince,  the  government  of  the  Boimin, 

Aq:tiimho(\ii!f  was  adminiller'd  by  two,  P'  ^^ 
viz.  the  old  and  young  king,  tho' tiie  Litter 
is  excluded  on  pretence  ol  his  minority,  by 
his  father's  brother,  allilted  by  his  own  mo- 
ther ;  fo  that  the  uncle  reign'd  in  conjunftion 
with  the  father.  'I'his  double  government 
was  found  extremely  prejutlicial  to  the  fub- 
jeds,  who  were  lure  to  fuller,  as  well  from 
the  one  as  from  the  other  tyr.tnt,  till  the  year 
1699,  when  the  old  kingdying,  the  young 
one  eflablifh'd  himlelf  lolely  on  the  throne, 
utterly  excluding  the  other,  and  reigning  at 
prefeiiL 

The  old  man  was  of  a  wicketl  abjcrt  tem- 
per, and  an  utter  enemy  to  /'.iirop/aiis ;  antl 
tlio'  he  receiv'il  from  the  En^li/L,  Daws,  and 
us.  an  ounce  of  gold,  as  an  acknowledg- 
nienr  for  the  liberty  given  us  by  his  prede- 
cellbr  to  build  in  his  tiominions,  yet  he  hor- 
ridly plagued  us,  and  that  in  lb  unreafonable 
a  manner,  tiiat  if  he  d^d  but  f.mcy  any  of  us 
had  inii'.r'd  him,  he  was  fure  to  oblige  us  all 
three  to  make  fatistadf  ion,  by  fliutting  up  the 
paffesfoclofely,  that  not  fo  much  as  a  fingle 
merchant  could  get  to  us.  So  that  'tis  not  to 
bedoubted,  but  that  his  death  has,  and  will 
contribute  to  the  advancement  of  the  Euro- 
pean trade  here;  the  prefent  king  being  more 
intelligent  and  rational,  as  well  as  i  friend  to 
the  Eurofeam,  efpecially  the  Hollanders. 
This  plainly  appear'd  in  his  dangerous  ill- 
nels,  which  his  country  phyficians  could  not 
cure  -,  for  then  he  confidently  entruftcd  him- 
self in  our  hands,  coming  in  perfon  to  our 
fort  with  a  few  ot  his  attendants,  and  refidecj 
there  feoie  time,  twing  rotiglily  enough  han- 
dled 


%': 


'if-   '\'a 


iiii 


>'i'<:..l' 


w 


mm 


>  n' 


.r:m^ 


'V     !!■ 


ffj::   I, 


If! 

ffei;'' 


448 


Remarkable  Occurrences 


nAHiMiT  liled  by  ourbarhfr,  but  luckily  .ilinollcur'cl-, 
I/'VNJ  lii-.  iliftemper  be inj;  of  th.it  nature,  tliat  he 
c.innot  cxptt  tn  be  entirely  Jrecd  from  its 
fficdts:  and  lie  is  anDrdingly,  .U  prdiint, 
not  only  incapable  of  procri'.iting  cluldren, 
but  of  the  enjoyment  of  any  ot  his  wives, 
ol  which  he  has  :i  large  number. 
f'J.'-.t        LxcelTive  vcncry  in  his  youth  occ.ifioncd 
liisintlifpolition  1  iiis  wives  who  cmliMvour'.' 
to  reftrain  him,  lie  rcw.inied  with  brok 
heads,  tho'  he  has  too  late  rcpcntcii  it ;  an, 
ii  is  indeed  a  pity, for  he  is  atieaii  weli-fliap'd 
man,  and  in  the  (lower  of  his  age. 

In  the  old  king's  time  we  were  very  .Ic- 
firous  to  build  a  tort,  and  acconlingly  be- 


gun  it,  at  the  village  I'ouiii,    at  the  end  of    and  keeping  poll'i 


This  town  of  Sok/)  is  .u  prelent  one  of  tlle^nko 
fincft  ami  Lirgeft  of  the  Gold  Coajl,  featid"*" 
on  a  level  ;;rouml,  and  regularly  built, and  fo 
much  encrc  '.led  in  buiklings  and  inh.ibitants 
fincc  the  year  i'>02,  thatithasa  veryconfi- 
derablj  trade  witli  tlie  t.n^iijh,  to  the  pre- 
judice of  the  Dt4ich. 

"'he  Dj/»/ifort  ai  /Ira,  when  I  left  tin; 
,  Coail,  in  1682,    was  polVoilld  by  the 

■  In^iieii' ;  but  ibme  time  after,  tlicDij/;,i 
redeemed  ic  for  a  good  fum  of  money,  by 
mutual  agreement,  and  fettled  their  trade 
anew  with  the  natives,  and  fo  polfef^M  it  till 
tlie  year  i(><ii,  when  liie  H^ul;'  lurpri/\l  it 
ill  the  following  manner.exi'eiling  tiie  D.iws, 


the  Colli  Coaft  1  but  when  our  (liip  witli 
building  materials  arrived  at  ./i/m,  being  in- 
lorm'd  that  Ado  was  gone  with  his  army 
againll  the  enemies,  for  fear  the  old  king 
fliould  too  much  impofeon  us,  w<'derilled  : 
in  which  we  were  very  tortun.ite,  by  rca'lin 
we  (hould  only  have  put  our  ielves  to  im- 
necefliry  charge  s  tor  at  this  time  we  (in  I  the 
trade  not  Ibconfulcrable  us  was  pretendcil, 
and  that  a  Icnlge  wuli  a  man  or  two  are  liif- 
ficient :  wherefore,  without  a  very  great  al- 
teration of  the  polUiie  of  aH'airs,  \  ilon't  be- 
lieve a  fort  will  ever  be  built  tiiere. 

B'jiman,  p.  67.]  The  En^^lijh  tort,  Jaiiic!, 
.It  .'Ilia,  has  been  Ibme  years  lince  my  de- 
parture frotn  the  coaft,  repair'd  to  a  better 
advantage  and  convenience,  than  it  was  in 
my  time;  and  its  walls  m.uie  higher  and 
thicker,  efpecially  on  tiic  fide  towards  the 
Dutch  fort,  Crcvecoeiir,  fo  that  it  is  (bnie- 
what  thicker  than  ordinary,  with  four 
flankers,  built  of  (tone  and  lime,  and  is 
now  (iirnilh'cl  with  twenty  five  guns,  but 
moll  of  them  lb  (mall  and  flight,  that  if 
thiy  fliould  be  attacked,  they  would  do 
very  well  to  exchange  them  for  twelve  gooil 
gun*;.  The  garrilbn  alio  is  very  mean  tor 
ibch  a  place,  being  but  eighteen  tyhite  men, 
.in;l  thirty  Growf.'/ow  1  as  if  it  were  fuffici- 
ent  to  build  forts,  furnidi  them  v/ith  can- 
non and  neceflliry  provifions,  without  men, 
in  which  re(i)eft  the  Englijh  are  at  leaft  as 
I  ficivnt  as  any  other  £«ro/;M«  nation  can 
be.  They  have  alfo  railed  the  lodgements, 
and  made  the  dongeon  higher  than  it  was 
in  1 6S  2.  It  has  alfo  a  tank,  and  is  fituated 
on  a  rock  next  the  fea. 


lUoomc'i  APmi- 


lion  ot 
Tl 


It  tor  tome  time. 


J  jvifmiin.  1  Ills  mhlortune  ot  thef),„in  / 
Daih-i  was  octalion  U  by  the  death  of  le-/i<7„ijt 
veral  ol  their  girrilon,  and  they  hiving  done  "''^ki. 
Ibme  inllilts  to  the  iJiig  of /Ar,/,  that  (irince 
Ihuiieil  revenge,  ^iiid  oiilerving  the  D.nii-i 
had  miKli(onfuleiiceiii  one  /lljimmi,  a  BUuk 
who  had  a  gre.it  interell  in  that  country, 
procured  them  .1  very  britk  trade,  he  tn- 
gig'il  him  to  conirive  how  to  liirjiri/e  the 
tortrelii.  Accordingly,  Jifmrni  made  the 
D.inijh  governor  biicve,  he  wouKl  bring 
him  a  confidcrable  nuniberol  meich.iiits  at 
once,  to  buy  fiie-arms,  whiih  they  w.inted 
mucii,  and  therefore  .idviti-d  him  to  en- 
haunce  the  price,  appointing  the  day  wiien 
thi-y  (hould  come. 

On  that  day  accordingly,  .'///t'"""/  brought 
about  eighty  bold  Blacks  along  with  him, 
whom  the  Daiifi  introduc'd  into  their  fort, 
in  hopes  of  lelling  them  a  great  quantity  of 
fire-arms,  and  not  futpcdting  the  leal! 
treachery.  When  the  fi/rfclj  had  agreed  on 
the  price  of  the  goods,  and  paid  the  value, 
in  gold,  they  loaded  'heir  mutkets  with 
powder  and  ball,  which  ea>.li  of  them  had 
brought  with  him,  .is  if  they  ilefigned  totry 
them  •,  but  on  a  liiddeii  fell  all  unaiiinioudy 
on  five  and  twenty  or  thirty  Daius,  that  then 
compofcd  theg.irri(bn,  who prefcntly  yielded 
the  fort  to  them.  They  immediately  dif- 
perfed  the  Danes  into  fevcral  parts  of  the 
inland  country  ;  alter  which,  the  king  of 
Ara,  and  the  Blacks  entirely  (Iript  it,  and 
took  a  booty  of  above  (even  thou(and  pounds 
fterling :  the  (brt  was  given  over  to  the 
treacherous  /llfemmi  in  propriety,  who  gar- 
rilbn'd  it  with  his  own  Blacks,  and  fo  fettled 


B!oomc\  Memoirs,  chief  aty^cra  in  169^.]  himfclf  therein,  tradi.;gwith  all  the  Eiiib- 

The  village  Soko  fituated  under  this  fortrels,  lean  (hips  that  came  thither  ;  buying  great 

is  alio  much  enlarg'd  ever  fince,  by  a  large  quantities  of  European  goods  of  them,  .ind 

number  of  families  of  the   people  of  the  afterwards  felling  them  again  to  the  B.acks 

neighbouring  village  LiV//<'//irr<j,  under  the  of  the  country  toaconfiderable  profit. 


Dutch  fort,  who  have  fettled  at  the  former, 
after  the  devaftations  of  the  Aquamboes  at 
the  latter,  they  having  burnt  moft  of  it  i 
oth'.;rs  retired  to  other  places  of  the  coaft 
eaftward,  as  Lainpa,  Popoo,  (jic.  thofe  Blacks 
bingalfo,  on  the  other  hand,  much  difTatif- 
ficd  at  the  Dutch  proceedings  Cowards  them. 


Bofman,  p.  67,  68.]  It  was  really  divert- j*,^„. 
ing,  tho'  the  hard  fate  of  the  Danes  wasto^vr  «. 
be  lamented;  to  fee  what  work  the  Blacks 
made  with  the  fortrefs.  Theii  commander, 
AJjfemmi,  drefs'd  himfelf  in  the  Daniji  go- 
vernor's habit,  and  caufed  iiimfelf  to  be  com- 
plimented by  that  name  ;  in  afting  of  which 

par: 


in  North  and  South-Guinea. 


44P 


\\v\ 


p\rt,  there  were  fcvcral  very  comiral  fcenes. 
Ik-  tliundcr'il  ,it  ;ill  the  E»gl:/h  iirul  Zealand 
iiuerloptr'),  by  way  of  falutc,  with  liistan- 
ivin,  as  \\  tlicre  would  never  be  an  end  of 
ilic  iwvvder  ;  and  rem  linM  in  poirclFion  of 
the  fort,  till  two  D  tivjb  ;hips  arriv'd  at  Ara, 
which  wai  above  a  year  alter  it  had  been 
liirpri/.M  i  when  by  means  ot  a  very  tonfi- 
ikr.ible  pril'tin,  wor'h  one  thoufand  pounds 
flcrlinj;,  in  /■.Krore.m  j^oods,  to  the  king  of 
/{■fiaml'iu;  uv/J.ra,  but  mori-efpixially  by 
liie  mediation  of  the  llnllmuln,  it  w.is  re- 
diliv..rM  to  them:  wiiiiii  Icrvitc  thiy  atttr- 
wanls  as  bafily  as  unL^ratituliy  rewarded. 
B.itthev  were  noj^ieat  ^jainirs  by  it  \  for  to 
ivirriloii  th  ■  fori,  they  wre  olili/.'d  to  leave 
their  lliiii-<fi) poorly  in.inn'd, thai,  tl.ey  b.'iamc 
,1  prry  10  tie  pirates  in  the  fii^litot  (iu:ni\i. 
/\s  the  tort  is  at  prelent,  it  would  bi;  too 
lira:!!!;  for  tlie  unit^-d  force  of  thv  Ei^b/J) 
nn-l  ours.  It  is  a  fquare  Ijtiildin^^.i'tren^then'il 
with  four  batteries  i  anil  to  tlie  bell  of  my 
iiiinoiy,  twenty  gunv  It  appears  very 
li.'.uititul,  and  looks  as  if  it  were  but  one 
loi.liinied  Ivittery,  as  it  is  re.dly  in  ctTect  •, 
lor  the  root  b.'iiij;  entirely  iht,  theiinnon 
niiy  coiweni'.nily  lie  planted  on  all  parts 
of  it.  'I'lie  Diriib  aj;ent  that  eommaiided 
there  in  i6(h),  was  one  Mr.  r>adn;o\  C.o- 
pnha'j'U  who  had  liis  wife  there  with  hini ; 
the  gentliAvonian  being  of  that  fond  tem- 
per to  accompany  him  to  a.iiiic.i,  .md  live 
with  him  iluriiig  hiscommillion,  tho'  (lie  is 
of  a  V.  ry  fJ,oo,l  family  of  Dcnm.iik  \  and 
inii;lif  have  been  told,  thit  huropiaii wottun 
run  much  'greater  rilks  of  life  in  that  iiitem- 
jvr.ite  climate  than  the  men  ■,  as  we  have 
had  inllanccs  of  it  heretofore,  in  fom.;  D.i- 
ii'vl'  ladies,  tliar  were  tbon  liiatchM  away 
liy  death  at  this  coall. 

Ai. A.viro:,  or  I,ami'a^(1«,,'  I.AniNccoUR, 
r  .1 M  P  .7,  or  /•//  itii: ..',  is  a  coiifiderable 
^  place  tor  buying  ot  (laves  -,  it  hasbvcn 
inflels'd  by  the  Engiijb  //6-)V«>/ company  for 
Icveral  years,  having  had  a  fictory  there, 
with  about  tive  ll''bitcm<n\  and  ten  (.ironirt- 
10  St  with  linall  arms,  (oi.  They  made  lorn.: 
Il'.'ps  towards  biiiUling  a  tort  there-,  but  the 
Dull  I'  interiiol'Jil  with  the  natives,  and  ii  has 
hiin  difcontinuetl  tor  Come  time:  however 
I  iinderlland  they  arc  about  re-fcttling  it 
igiin,  CTc.  It  is  fituated  near  the  fea-file, 
between  /kra  .ind  l(''biduh. 

Bloomf's  Mcmcirs,  1701.]  The  king- 
dom ot  Lumpa,  or  /l^ampit,  is  at  this  time 
a  place  where  a  great  quantity  ot  (laves  is 
purchas'd,  by  the  Kng'ij/j,  French,  Dutib 
and  Pnrtuguefe,  a.id  a  cargo  of  them  foon 
lunipleated.  The  EHro/vam  airry  thither  for 
trade, almolt  the  fame  forts  ot  AHri^Mrt  mer- 
chandize, as  ((.'rvc  for  the  commerce  at/An;  -, 
hut  ot  all  the  European  trading  nations,  the 
Erench  have  the  greateft  traffick  on  that  coaft, 
[rom  Niiiio-mmor,  to  Ningo-grandi;,  and  La), 

Vol.  V. 


ThiswasrontirmMtomefome  year* ;»gd,BAR hot. 
by  a  Ereu:  h  officer  of  the  AJf.iiio  company,  ^^V^' 
prilbner  o|  war  at  Hoidl^amil'm,    who  had 
made  tiirec  voyages  to  Alampot  fucccfliveiyi 
for  the  (.lid  company. 

In  onler  to  (of low  the  fame  method  I  h.ire 
obferv'd  in  the  ilefcription  of  the  (evcral 
nations  and  countries  of  the  Cjid  Coaft  of 
a  nine. I,  1  mud,  before  I  proceed  any  far- 
ther in  the  account  of  the  changes  and  re- 
volutions that  hive  liappcn'd  in  (InnieaCmce 
the  year  16H2,  fiy  fomething  of  the  tranf- 
aiHions  that  have  occurr'd  in  the  inland 
countries  of  the  dn.'d  CvalL 

DiNKIRA,   cr    tluNKIRA. 

'T'ln-'.  natives  have  fubjeftcd  three  coun-p„f|„,„ 

tries  to  their  dominion,  each  ot  which^.73, 
produ.es  fome,  tho'  not  mucli  gold,  fiz, 
/taff.il',  /-.'/, V,  J//,'-,  a-'  Ji'irer  ;  they  border 
one  upon  another,  and  the  lafl  upon  Com-^,°"T"'^' 
ii:ain;  I  he  gold  ot  thele  countries,  their„j„;,,, 
own,  and  what  they  brought  from  other 
parts,  tatisti.d  the  demand  of  the  whole 
coaif  from  .txim  to  Syciiinle  about  three 
years  ago,  during  tlieC.7«/«,ii/;,i«  wars  •,  but 
fiuce  our  peiec  widi  \.\\-  C.'.mmani ui^,  the 
roads  being  lice  and  oprn  to  tin  m-rchints, 
the  dillancc  ot  (i  vei.d  places  tiom  them, 
makes  them  not  travel  tarthei  at  preleiit  t!;aii 
to  Cbama,  Commaiiw,  Miii.i,  and  Cnlw  Ccrjo: 
wherefore  the  higher  coall  is  not  extraordi- 
narily lupplied  with  gold  -,  (or  tho'  thert: 
are  lomeiou  /ies  betwixt  Pinki'-n  and  rheni, 
which  havcg.  d  mines ;  toinllaiue  in  J'^xc-i- 
r.i  -.md  Al'iin,  befides ///'.'.itt'  and  . /'/Y'A'vr, 
which  aiti)  have  a  finall  Hiare  ;  yet  all  added 
together  will  not  amount  lo  a  (]u  iiiiiry  fuf- 
lieicnt  to  fupply  .ill  the  upprr  forts.  In  the 
year  1694,  I  he.;rd  th,  P>r  lu.ii:!  hr^reri  coni- 
plain,  that  they  co'ild  not  reeeivv-  nvo  m  irks 
ot  gold  in  a  wiiole  month'''  time  1  nor  did 
we  fare  much  bett^  r  in  our  lorts,  tri  le  beiivj; 
cxtremily  dull  at  that  time. 

The  gold  which  is  bi-o:ight  ik  by  the 
Dbikiram  is  very  pure,  exeepr  only  that  it 
is  too  much  mixM  with  Eji.b:s ;  which  are 
afort  ot  artifici.d  gold,  comjHifed  of  (everal 
ingredients,  among  which  (iinit  .ire  very 
odtlly  fliaped.  Thele  Iv.'iJ.vs  th-:y  cad  in 
mould.,  niaile  of  a  fort  ot  bl.ick  and  very 
lie.ivy  earth, into  what  torni  ile-y  ple.ife  ;  and 
this  artificial  gold  is  frequeiuly  iviix'd  with 
a  third  part,  and  lometimes  with  hall  filver 
and  copper,  and  confci]uen;ly  L-fs  worth, 
and  yet  we  are  pi:der'd  with  it  at  all  parts  of 
thecoad  ;  and  ii  we  retule  to  receive  it,  fomc 
Bliukf  are  lb  unrealbnable,  that  they  will  ccr- 
t.iinly  take  back  all  their  pure  gold  :  lb  tint 
we  are  obliged  lometimes  to  (iitier  tiiem  to 
fluitfle  in  (omc  ot  it.  Tli;re  are  alio /v 
/;(•/''-•.(  cad  of  unalloyed  mointaingokl,  which 
very  leklom  co:iie  to  our  hands,  becaufi; 
tluy  keep  them  t(>  adorn  ihemfelves  -,  lb 
that  if  ever  we  nieei  with  them,  thole  whu 
part  with  them  arc  oblig'd  to  it  by  necef- 
5  Y  fitv. 


r^',-^M 


I]" 


i ; 


!(■    I   ; 


1  m4 


hm 


"  -t' 

'iil..M 


■'>1 '    1,1.  ( 


1^"    : 


life  I! 


4?o 


Rentitrkable  Occurrences 


BARHoTfity.or  they  arefillM  with  the  mcntionMbUck 

V^V^^hcMvy  cirth,  witli  whiih  the  unlkiltul  art- 

liable  to  be  b.ifi-Iy  clie.itcil,  rcccivinn  infte.nl 

oftjolil,  Ircqucntly  half  the 'veiglic  in  this 

fort  of  cirth. 

By  what  has  been fiid,  you  may  imiaine 
how  rich  and  potent  the  Kingiloni  of  Din 
kirt  was.  But  a  few  months  ago  it  was  (o 
entirely  lieftroyM,  that  it  lies  at  prcftnt  lic- 
folate  and  w.ifte.  Certainly  it  cannot  be  un- 
pleafant  to  inform  you,  how  fui  ii  a  fatal 
and  Hidden  di-ftrudion  Icll  u{x>n  this  fo  po- 
tent a  land,  as  well  as  whcnic  their  ruin 
proctiiltd,  which  lamobligM  to  take  from 
liie  report  of  feme  of  the  natives  i  at,. I  tiic 
event  lias  given  me  fufHciciit  rrafnn  to  be- 
lieve they  told  truth. 

Dnikira,  elevated  by  its  great  riches  and 
power,  liecamc  fo  arrogant,  that  u  looked 
on  ,ill  other  Blacks  with  a  conttini'tililf  eye, 
elU'eniing  them   no  more  than  its  ilives  ; 
which  icnlcr'd  it  the  objeft  of  their  com- 
mon   hatred,  each  impatiently  wilhing  its 
tlownfall,  tho'  no  nation  wasfo  hiidy  as  to 
attack  it,  till  the  kini;  of  //lii.niti,  injured 
and  allronted  by  its  governor,  adv^ntiircii 
to  nveiigo  himlclf  of  tiiat  nation  in  alignal 
manner. 
Crctfi'on  »f    The  oicafion  of  which  was  this.  Bojianf, 
ii't  ri,i,iofi\\c  liingof  Dinkira,  a  young  prince,  whole 
Dinkiri.    valour  was  become  the  admiration  of  all  the 
Bliich  of  the  coaft,  fent  fome  of  his  wives 
to  compliment  Zay,  the  king  of  /Ij/utnle; 
w'     not  only  receiv'd  and  entertained  them 
very  civilly,  but  fent  them  back  with  fcveral 
very  confidcrable  prefents,    to  exprefs  his 
fenfe  of  that  grateful  embalTy  ;  ami  being 
rclolv'd    to  return  the  favour,  he  a  while 
.ifter  fent  fome  of  his  wives  to  compliment 
the  king  of  Dmkira,  and  aflure  him  of  the 
great  tlleem  he  had  for  his  perlbn.     Thole 
ami lalTadrefles  were  no  lefs  fplcnditlly  treateil 
At  Dii:kirii,  being  alfo  loaded  with  prelcnts; 
but  the  king  caft  a  wanton  eye  upon  one 
of  tlum,  and  hurried  on  by  exorbitant  Kift, 
gratified  his  brutal  defire.     After  fatiating 
of  which,    he  fuffer'd  her,    together  with 
the  reft,  to  return  to  tiieir  country,    and 
the   injur'd   hufband,    who   was  informed 
of  this  affront  :  but  he  took  care  to  make 
the  king  of  Dinkira  fenfible,  that  he  would 
not  reft  till  he  had  waflied  away   thefcan- 
tlal  in  his  injurious  blood.     When  he  was 
made  fenfible  of  the  king  of  Affiavte'^  relb- 
lucion, knowing  very  well  who  he  had  to  deal 
with,  he  heartily  wiflied   ht  had  not  been 
guilty  of  the  crime  i  but  fince  it  was  done, 
he  offer'd  him  leveral  hundred    marks  of 
gold  to  put  up  the  injury.    The  inraged 
Zay,  deaf  to  all  fuch  offers,  prepared  for  a 
vigorous  war,    raifing  a  ftrong  army,    in 
order  to  invade  Dinkira  \  and  not  being  fufli- 
ciently  ftorcd  with  gun-powder,  he  bought 
up  great  quantities  on  the  coaft  :  the  Din- 


kiraiK  being  UwU^y  rnough  to  .ifTift  hini 
thctntelvcs,  fuffered  his  fubjcd^  to  p.,|,  ^^jj|^ 
it  uninterrupted  through  their  country,  not- 
withftmding  they  knew  very  well  it  was 
only  dcfigncil  for  tlicir  ilellruaion.  Whilll 
he  was  making  ihefe  preparations,  thn  kiap 
of  Diiikiri  died  i  which  mi^ht  en(()urj(»e  i 
beliil,    thai   the  imivnding  cloud  of 


war 
governor', 


oeiui,  tnai  tne  imivmling  cloi 
would  blow  over.  VVIicthcr  the 
ot  DiiiUra  v/a\'  loo  haughty  to  nnplore  a 
peace  of  the  in|urcd  /.;)',  or  whether  he 
was  ir.ftigatiil  by  the  enrmies  of  that  (oiin- 
tf),  in  uiicert.uii :  but  lie  Itill  iinmoveably 
pel  filled  <n  his  purpole,  of  utterly  extir- 
pating the  D;/i/'.;'/j ;  and  about  the  begin, 
ning  of  the  year  1701,  or  1702,  1  am  not 
politive,  bung  couiplcatly  n  ady,  he  came 
with  a  terrible  arm/  into  the  fulij,  andfn- 
gaging  the  Piiikif.im,  who  cxi.  x'ted  liim, 
woi '!( d  them  ;  ami  in  a  lei  oiul  cngageniciu 
entirely  dcf.ated  them.  The  Ula^ki  report, 
that  in  thole  two  b.ittlrs,  above  a  liiiiulriil 
thoulanil  nun  were  flain  :  ot  the  Biuki  of 
//v/wionly,  who  came  to  the  .iirillancc  of 
the  Diiikir.iMs,  there  weri-  about  liiirty  thou- 
faiul  kill'd,  bifij.  s  a  great  (:.,bocfi),j  of  .lk:m, 
with  all  his  mm  cut  off".  The  pluiuler 
.liter  this  victory  took  up  tiie  Aii'.anLf.n  fif. 
teen  days  time,  ,ind  /.r.'s  booty  alo!K'  a- 
mounted  to  leveral  thoiii'and  marlss  ol  gold, 
as  ib  airirmed  by  one  of  our /•(()Y)//,v;,olli. 
cers,  who  waslent  on  fome  enibalFy  to/ijy, 
and  fays,  he  has  Icver.il  times  feen  the  trea- 
furc.  This  mt  Henger  of  ours,  wiio  is  now 
in  the  /////.i«/^camp,  has  orders  ro  take  an 
cxaift  account  of  what  he  hears  and  fees 
there.  Thus  you  lee  the  tow'ring  jirideof 
Dinkira  in  alius,  they  being  forc'd  to  fly- 
before  thole,  whom  they  not  long  before 
thought  no  better  than  their  Haves,  and  arc 
thcmlelves  now  loldas  fuch. 

ACCANV,    cr     AcANNV. 

pOR  three  ye.irs  pa  ft,  thole  «.';,<•,  have  lUmia, 
■■■     not  mueh  traded  with  us,  (the  DutdK  t  •'■ 
for  they,    on  wliat  account  I  am   ignorant, ''"""/^ 
falling    out   with    the  Dinkiraiu,    were  lo    ""' 
beaten,  that  all  their  governing  men,  and 
no  fmall  number  of  the   inferwur  people, 
were  killed  and  taken  prilonersi  to  rcileetn 
whom  out  of  ftavery,    they  were  obliged 
to  ftrip  themll  Ives  of  .ill  they  were  pollcls'd 
of  in  the  world  ;  by  which  means  they  were 
reduced  to  the  utmoft  poverty  .ind  inability 
to   defend  themfelves.      But  the  Dii:kiraih 
themfelves  being  now  ruined  as  well  as  they, 
and  having  declared  for  the  king  of  J/Ji.inie, 
perhaps  thefe  may   recover  fome  of  their 
ancient  luftre. 


A  K  I  M,    or  A  K  A  M, 
S  a  fpacious  country,  having  the  king-jj  ,,j 


dom  of  Gago  on  the  north,  that  of  /If- 
ft  ante  at  weft,  Tafeu  at  eaft,  und  dkinis  or 

/Iccany 


o  alTilt   hull 

to  p.iti  with 
nimtry,  nm- 

well  it  Wis 
on.  Whim 
ini,  tho  Wu\g 

eniourjge  .1 
loiul  ot  war 
IK  governors 

to  implore  a 

wlictiuT  he 

olth.U  (otiii- 

iininovtMbly 
utterly  extir- 
Jilt  the  begiti- 
u2,  1  ,1111  not 
,uly,  he  eann 

tkhl,  .iniifii- 
IX]'  '(Jteil  him, 
1(1  cii^.igcnient 

lllaA-i  report, 
lOVc  :\  liuiuircil 

the  fiiiiks  i)t 
i:  ,1  (Till. nice  of 
III  thirty  tlion- 
lOifiifj  ot  //(■;«;, 

Tlie    piuiuler 

.Iji  .Wt.KC'  fit'- 

:ooty  .ilo!w  a- 
m.irlss  ot  gold, 
r  f.uioftai!  ofK- 
mb-ilTy  toZii), 
s  i'eeii  the  trea- 
Irs,  wlio  i^now 
ileis  to  take  ,in 
irs  ;inil  fees 
in3  I'rideof 
forcM  to  fly 


loiiij  iK'forc 
(l.is'es,  anil.uc 


\NNV. 

■  B!lA-!  i>nvc  I!  .I'min, 


(the  Dutch;  f       , 
,ini   Ignorant,  ,^  ,.^„; 
Aih,    were  fo 
lin^,  men,  and 
ferioiir  people, 
ers  •,  to  rcilceni 
were  obliged 
•  were  polVelsVl 
leans  they  were 
and  inability 
the  Dtr.ktraih 
well  as  they, 
ing  oi  Mtiinie, 
tome  of  their 


A   M, 

ing  the  king-ia.  ^,jj 
h,  that  of  4- 
MviiAkinii  or 
Accany 


in  North  and  South-Guinea. 

rurnifTiina    nt   large  a 
>J  that  I  know, 


4?» 


lar  inlaiul,    ninth 
where  begins   the 


Awine 


jt'CMj  at    fouth, 
quantity  of  (;oUI,  .11  any  I  inJ 
uml  that  the   moil   valuable  ami  pure.     It 
was  formerly    .1  vaft  nioiurrhy,  and   now 
a  kind  of  commonwealth,     The  young  fuc- 
ceflbr  beiiiR  yet  but  young,  anil  betraying 
but  too  palp.kblc  figns  of  a  irucl  nature,  has 
not   been  able  to  make  himfelf  malUr  of 
the  whole  land,  but  is  obliged  to  bi  content 
with  apart!  for  the  governing  nirnoftiie 
kingilom,  fearing  he  will  piove  a  great  ty- 
rant, to  reftiain  iiim,  h.ive  t.iken  .1  part  of 
the  adminiflratioii  into  their  hirnls,  which 
proves  very  w.ll  for  /iciini  anil  Aqidimbot. 
We  have.ilwayselleeinM  Dinkini,   /lutn- 
iiy  and  /Ikim,  to  be  the  riihelt  countries  in 
gold  i  but  that  there  cert.iinly  are  fever.il 
niore,  is  undeniabh'.  ////m«/,' isa  coiuincing 
proof  of  this,  which  being  but  lately  known 
to  us,  wc  linil  alVords  inoie  I'old  than  l):n- 
Lira,  as  does ///;,;«/f',  a  country  fitu.itc  be- 
twixt /l/i::inti' .\:  I  Dii.k.r.i  1  a.  ilicre  arc  un- 
doubtedly many   .  lore,  with  which  we  arc 
yet  utterly  unacquainted. 

Assi  A  N  T  i:,  or  I  VT  A, 
T  S,  according  to  moll  modern  and  corrcil 
*•  .u tuiints,  a  kingdom, 
of  /lx':nf,    and    Ijp'iyt 
Go'.d  Coajl.   It  borders  at  welt,  on  that  of 
Mauilin^u  ;  at  ealt  on  /Ikam  \  at  louth-eall 
on  Aictuis,   or  Akim  \   and  at  iiorth-eall 
by  north  on  the  kingdom  of  diio,  from 
which  gold  is  fiid  to  be  brought  to  Morocco, 
by  the    caravans   of   Tumbui,     which    lies 
north  of  f/.(_^o  \  the  country  of  ;\fer^JnI  be- 
ing betwixt  both  kingdoms,  in  the  lemicir- 
de  the  Nij^cr,   or  the  SciKg.i  river  or   lea, 
makes  there,  bending  northward,  to  tittecn 
degrees  and  a  half  north  latitude,  ne.ir  the 
city  of  -Tombnl.     As  1  have  obl'ervcil  in  the 
ilel'cripiion  of  Nigriiui,  I  lliall  alio  mention 
hereafter  in  this  Supplement,  in  treating  of 
the  valt  trade  drove  from  many   parts  of 
.Ifrica,  at  the  city  oi  Tomhut,  the  prodigi- 
ous quantity  of  pure  tine  gold  brought  thi- 
ther from  ManJtn^a,  and  from  TuLir.  Thus 
by  conleijuence,  this  kingdom  of  Ajii.mt:; 
being  fo  near  to  other  countries  fij  rich  in 
gold,  it  may  be  well  fuppofcd,  to  abound 
in  the  fame  metal,  or  to  fetch  it  from  the 
others,    to  drive  a  trade  towards  the  GolJ 
Coaji,  of  late  years  begun  to  be  openM. 

A  w  1  N  E. 
I  Take  it  to  be  the  very  firft  on  the  GoLl 
*  Codjl,  and  far  above  Axim.  From  the 
inhabitants  of  this  country  we  formerly  ufi:d 
to  receive  abundance  of  pure  fine  gold  i  and 
(hey  being  the  civillell  and  faireft  dealers  of 
all  the  Blacks,  we  traded  among  them  with  a 
great  deal  of  pleafure:  but  the  Dinkiram, 
who  would  lord  it  over  all  their  neighbour- 
ing nations,  I'ubduM  this  i  fince  which  time, 


we  have  not  receivM  mui  h  gold  from  them.  f)*aMi)T 
In  tl>e  conqticll  of  this  land,  the  Dinkirani^'^V^' 
were  very  brave  and  obllmate,  anil  had  no 
doubt  been  lulidu'd  themlelves,  if  ilie  na- 
tivcs  of  ,/a  !«(•  louM  have  l)een  iinanimouj : 
lor  the  Duikimns  in  one  battle  with  agover- 
noiir  of  theirs,  lofl  above  two  thoul'and  men, 
ami  left  the  laid  gdvernour  fuch  an  abfolutc 
virtory,  th.it  there  w.is  not  a  fingl'-  perlon 
left  to  carry  tlu'  newi  to  Diiikira  \  they  be- 
ing all  kill'il  with  poiloiiM  arrows,  whiih 
the  Awiiiiy  know  very  well  jiow  loiile.  Up- 
on this  defe.it, the  Dinkiram  got  togeiher  a  nu- 
merous army,  ulndi  the  vii'torious  Awmefe 
iindcilt.iinliiig,    liii!  to  his  iiuintrymen  for 
farther  aHill.ime  j  inlle.ul  ol  wliiili,  he  met 
with   nothing  but  derilion,    they  accufing 
him  with  cowardice  1  and  replyin^^,  that  he 
was  .ible  to  beat  the  Dnikit.iin:  but  if  he 
was  beaten,  it  v.a .  their  turn  to  come  and 
fight  them  m.in  by   man.     'I'luis  fighting 
one  to  one,    they   loll  their  coiimry  and 
thetr  Selves  entirely,  .ilmoll  in  ihe  fim-  man- 
ner as  the  Oiirjr'  were  conquerM  by  the 
Tartarw  \vhere.i>  if  tluy  would  h.ive  united, 
they  miglit  eafily  h.ive  beaten  the  Diidirain 
A  modern  author  m.  ntioiis  a  kingdom 
of  Ah^iiiiic,   in  wliiih  the  Rio  „>  S.tiiroiLi 
Cojlii  rifes;  ne.ir  the  bank  ,  ot  whii  h,  he  t.'.kes 
notice  of  a  town  of  the  l.ime  name,  border- 
ing it  at  northe.ill  on  that  ot  Aj/iunie  or  In- 
la,    before  mcntionM,  whi'  h  perliap.s  may 
be  the  A\iints  country  fpokcn  ot  in  this  pa- 
ragraph :    if  lb,    then  it  lies  about  eighty 
leagues  up  the  li.id  river  d.i  Siieno  da  Cojia. 

By  what  has  been  laid  both  here,  and  in 
the  precedent  ileiiripiion  ol  the  gold  coun- 
tries, you  m.iy  colhtt  that  the  gold  is 
brought  to  the  Gold  Ciajl  moftly  from  the 
inland  countries,  lying  from  the  ninth  de- 
gree of  north  latitude,  downwards  Ibuth  to 
the  Golil  Cri.id,  in  tour  degrees  and  a  half,  and 
from  the  fifth  degree  well,  to  the  third 
ilegre-.' e.ill  lonu,itudeof  the  meridian  ot  Lon- 
don: befides  wh.it  gold  may  come  likewife 
through  tliel'e  llver.il  couiurics,  from  tVIan- 
di'i^a  and  f/'.f:,"',  adjoining  to  them  at  weft 
and  at  north. 

It  is  not  iiofFible  to  infonn  you  better,  as 
to  the  fituation  of  the  faid  countries,  than  I 
have  done  it  there  :  becaufe  the  Blacks  can- 
not give  any  certain  .iccount  of  them,  nor 
do  any  of  the  Europe,  iis  go  fb  far. 

I  return  to  the  account  I  have  undertaken 
to  give,  ol  the  mofl  remarkable  changes  and 
tranfaftions,  that  have  hapjienM  at  the  co.ill 
of  Guinea,  fince  1682:  which  I  interrupted 
at  the  paragraph  concerning  Alam/vf. 

CoTos  E  s  Country, 
tS  a  kingdom   confiderable  in   ftrength, B^fn,,,, 
■■•  but  abates  d.uly  by  its  wars  with   Po/'o,f.  319,' 
which  have  continu'd  for  feme  years  luc- 
cefllvely  ;  and  they  being  pretty  even  in 

force, 


I'i  m 


if-  '.,'«i'i 


''''^> 


V,"»i 


'M 


■i'\ 


^  I 


I'  ! 


•j- 


r  !■ 


m^M 


ff.    I: 


In-- Mr:; 


iH 


1,  \i. 


!laiil: 


■H  i 


4(?2 


Remarkable  Occurrences 


BAi'noT  force,  unlcfs  they  make  peace,  their  tlifpute 
^V^  is  not  like  to  be  ciuied  before  one  of  them 
engages  fome  other  country  to  their  afTi- 
llancc  :  but  /I'luamhce,  who  would  keep 
tiiem  both  on  toot,  takes  care  that  neither  be 
dellroy'ii,  Tending  fui'plies  of  forces  to  the 
weakeil  f-de. 

When  /Iqnami'oc  was  govern'd  by  two 
chiefs,  thole  of  Pa/a  liad  a  llrong  fupporter 
of  the  old,  as  they  of  Goto  ot  tiie  young 
king ;  thus  eat.ii  fide  was  continually  fur- 
nilli'd  with  /Iquamboi-an  props. 

Hut  how  it  will  go  with  them  when  the 
old  king  is  dcul,   time  will  fliow. 

Thole  of  little /'o/o,  in  1700,  watched 
their  opportunity,  and  fiM|Tizing  thole  of 
Goto,  fell  upon  tlwm,  ami  nbligM  them  to 
quit  tluii-  ccnimry  ;  yet  I  doubt  not  but  the 
J'j!uiniir>  will  loon  reinftate  ihem,  and  clap 
a  bridle  into  the  mouth  of  the  Pop^iWJi, 

I  fount!  the  inhabitants  there  very  good- 
natu:M  anil  courteous,  and  rcceiv'd  la'/ral 
civilities  from  them,  efp''cially  from  the 
Ung.  When  I  told  him,  th.t  attrr  having 
acc()Mi]ililli'd  my  iiu-rcha:i  Iv.e  at  F1J..1,  I 
deiign'd  to  return  by  lani',  he  ort'eiM  to 
come  iiimfelf  v.ith  his  w!-.o!e  lorce,  10  re- 
ceive me  on  the  liorders  ot  liis  territoriis, 
and  to  conduct  me  beyonil  A; ;;  I'o'.t.i,  to 
fecure  iiic  againit  any  mifciiief  from  the 
(Iroliiiig  -ubbtrs.  I  had  accepted  this  kind 
oiler,  hail  not  thofe  of  little  y  , '5,  who  al- 
io promilid  to  conduct  me  through  the  ix- 
tcnt  of  their  land,  cai.fed  inc  to  be  dinii.ided 
lioni  it  by  their  ambafladors,  under  pre- 
tence they  were  alraid  1  might  be  let  on  by 
the  robbers,  before  they  came  to  me. 

This  difiu.ifive  was  very  taint,  and  the 
fiid  amball'idurs  underhand  encomag'd  me 
to  this  land  tour,  urging  ic  as  their  private 
advice,  which  naturally  dilto\'cr'il  thiir  vil- 
l.uiy  •,  which  was,  that  they  deiign'd  to  mur- 
der me  on  my  journey,  and  confequently 
to  have  iloln  all  my  goods  ;  bcfides  vvhich, 
they  would  yet  have  clear'il  themt'elves,  by 
urging  that  they  advifcd  me  againll  going 
that  way. 

Little  Poi'o. 
Tp  H  1'  natives  are  not  numerous,  but  vc- 
•■•  ry  warlike.  Not  many  years  fince  they 
had  a  brave  tbldier  for  their  king,  wholtJ 
name  was  Afforn,  brother  to  the  prefent 
king.  That  prince,  on  account  of  his  va- 
lour, was  very  much  fear'd  and  rcfpefted ; 
but  his  greateft  rtock  of  fimr,  redounded 
to  him,  when  the  Fidalgo  of  Offra  rebell'd 
againll  the  king  of  great  /Irdra,  his  mailer, 
whofe  yoke  he  fhook  ofT,  and  kill'd  our 
chief  fiftor  Ilolwerf. 

For  to  revenge  thofe  accumulated  crimes, 

Afforr:  a  the  king  of  Jrdra,  perfuaded  king  Ap,rri 

^^^       to  come  againll  him  with  all  his  forces  ■■, 

which  he  did,  and  raade  fuch  [iion  work 


%vith  thole  of  OJfra,  that  he  conquer'd  .is 
toon  as  fiw  them  -,  wafted  their  country,  and 
deliver'd  the  offender  into  his  fovercign's 
hands.  Not  content  with  this  viftory,  and 
pufli'd  on  by  the  king  of  /Irdra,  he  march'd 
againll  the  jieople  of  Fida,  and  encamp'd 
in  their  country  ;  liut  wanting  powder,  he 
dfl.iy'd  attacking  the  Fuiifinm,  in  cxpeda- 
tion  of  having  it  ll  nt  him  according  to  t!ie 
king  oi  .1rdi,i'<  promife  :  which  he  did  no; 
fail  to  do  in  a  l.rg"  quantity  under  a  good 
convoy  ■,  but  the  I'ulnfnm  getting  intelli- 
gence of  it,  tell  upon  the  convoy,  with  a 
very  llrong  party,  defeated  it,  and  feized 
all  the  powder,  .lij'rini  being  inform'd  of 
it,  and  finding  himl/lf",  tor  want  of' ammuni- 
tion, not  able  td  iland  iig.iinll  liis  enemies, 
made  a  fpeedy  as  will  ;is  very  feafonable 
retreat ;  tor  the  }ud:if:r,:!<  intended  to  have 
fallen  on  him  with  their  whole  force  the 
next  day,  when  he  and  all  his  army  would 
probably  have  been  vay  roughly  treateii. 

'V\\Q  h'id:if.a<is  inlorm'd  of  his  llighr,  wire 
not  in  the  leall  inclir.'d  to  ]virfuf  him,  hut 
on  the  contrary  reioiccd  to  be  rid  ol  fuil.  i 
da.'igerous  enemy- 

/!j',ni  being  reiurnM  into  his  own  terii- 
tories,  was  acijii,\in!''d  th.;t  his  neighbours 
of  Coto  were  ready  to  have  alTiiled  i'ir.a,  if 
he  had  (laid  any  longer  in  their  country; 
which  he  lb  highly  relented,  that  with  the 
utmoil  aniniofity  he  took  the  fiilil  agahill 
them,  and  detliing  nothing  more  than  to 
come  to  a  doll'  engagt-ment,  atrai  k'd  tliem, 
tho'  ilronger  than  himfelf:  but  tluy  rc- 
ceiv'd him  \o  warmly,  that  thiy  quickly 
kill'd  a  great  part  of  his  army.  Upon  this, 
furioufly  enrag'd  and  delperate,  and  care- 
lels  of  himfelf,  he  fl;w  among  the  thickell 
of' the  enemy  ;  where  he  w.is  to  furrounded, 
that  it  was  impofTible  lor  him  to  return, 
and  with  leveral  ot  his  nun,  after  a  valiant 
refinance,  was  left  dead  on  the  Ipoi. 

The  prefent  king,  tho'  more  peaceable 
and  mild,  yet  prudently  reveng'd  his  bro- 
ther's death  on  the  Coinfuvn,  always  attack- 
ing tliem  in  their  weaketl  condition  •,  which 
meafurc  s  he  purlu'd  lb  long,  as  to  drive 
them  out  of  their  country. 

Great  Popo. 

TTH".  king  of  this  little   country    ^^'a*!^,      - 
■*■    firtl  fubjedt  to  /•;,/.;,    but  the  pref;  in  p„,'„, 
king  being  let  upon  the  throne  by  the  king"i<;/i. 
of  Fida,  now  reigning  in  the  room  of  his 
brother  whom  he  hail  banifliM,    in  return 
for  the  favours  of  the  FtJ,iJ;an  monarch,  he 
has  withdrawn  his  allegiance,    and  tluown 
otfthat  yoke:  at  which  the  Fida/uiii  was  ;b 
much  enraged,  that  he  railed  a  great  army, 
which  he  lent  againll  Pnpn,    togetlur  wth 
the  afTiftance  and  ammunition  he  rtc(■i^'d 
from  tome  Frrncl.'  (hips,  that  then  l.iy  lv.fr  c 
Fida,  defigning  nothing  lelii  than  to  ixtir 


,»?*.> 


leir  coiiiitry  ; 


///  North  and  South-Guinea. 


495 


tlW!)  to   IX'.i'' 


pite  them  •,  which  he  was  alfo  encourag'd 
to  hope,  becaufe  the  French  fliips  likewife 
i;\il'd  to  fall  upon  that  country  by  fea.  But 
Pofo  being  an  ifland  fituate  in  the  midft  of 
the  river,  both  the  French  and  Fiiiajjans 
were  forc'd  to  makeufe  of  floats  to  come  at 
them  •,  and  that  nation  had  put  it  fcif  in 
fuch  a  pofture  of  defence,  that  it  not  only 
receiv'd  its  enemies  warmly,  but  after  much 
blood  fhed,  put  them  to  flight  without  the 
lofs  of  one  man  on  their  fide  :  for  they  fir'd 
very  briflily  cut  of  their  houfes,  and  unper- 
ceiv'd  of  their  enemies,  by  wiucli  means 
they  kill'd  a  great  number  of  Fr.-itch  and 
Fubfians ;  and  fo  diforder'd  t[ieir  fortes, 
that  throwing  down  their  arms,  they  run 
over  one  another  to  make  tiieir  ti'c.i[x- ;  and 
if  the  Pofoeaiis  liad  toliow'd  their  vicVory, 
in  all  probability,  not  one  Frcucb  man 
would  have  efcapM  alive,  they  not  being 
fo  fwift  as  thi-  IJl.irks. 

Since  that  fo  unfuccefstul  enterpri/.e,  the 
king  of  Ficla  has  not  venturM  on  any  freih 
attempt  with  his  own  forces-,  but  has  been 
endeavouring,  even  to  this  prdcnt  time,  to 
hire  other  nations  to  engage  in  the  quarrel. 
But  tho'  it  lias  already  colt  him  large  lums, 
yet  the  only  fiiccefs  he  has  met  with,  is  to 
be  cheated  on  alt  fi.ies  ;  wherefore,  much  a- 
g.iinft  his  will,  he  is  oblig'd  to  futfer  the 
king  of  Poro  to  remain  in  quiet  poflelFion 
of  his  ifland. 

Fi  D  A  by  th:  F.nglifh  called  W  h  i  d  a  h, 
and  by  the  French  J  u  y  d  a  . 

WH  E  N  I  was  there  in  the  year  iCiqS, 
befides  flaves  there  were  five  men  loll, 
''        ■■jtz.  a.  Portu^uefe  captain,  a  clerk,  and  three 
Fji^-ijh  failors  ;  as  alfo  two  captains,  who 
were  brought  afliore  for  dead,    and  lived 
but  a  very  little  while  after. 

This  port  has  coll  me,  or  rather  the  coin- 
p,\ny,  at  feveral  times,  above  two  hundred 
pounds  -,  and  doubtlels  it  mult  have  been 
more  expenfive  to  the  En^lijr.\  and  others, 
who  have  not  fo  good  rowers. 

It  is  very  incommodious  and  dangerous, 
by  leafon  of  the  horrible  breaking  of  the 
fea  i  but  efpecially  in  /V/^;/,  iV/j\,  'June', 
and  Jidy.  About  that  fe.ifon,  diimal  acci- 
dents are  very  frequent  there  ;  great  quantities 
of  goods  are  loft,  and  many  men  ilrowned. 

A  few  years  after  I  left  the  coaft  of  Gui- 
7h'a,  in  1 68 a,  the  French  abandon'd  their 
lodge  at  Fid.T,  becaufe  of  the  changes  that 
h.ippen'd  in  the  affairs  of  their  Jfruan  com- 
p.iny ;  and  feveral  ye.ars  after  that,  a  new 
African  company  being  eftablifh'd  in  France-, 
they  fettled  a  ndlory  at  Fida,  as  have  alfo 
the  Dutch,  who  in  my  time  had  none  there, 
only  one  at  OJf'ra,  in  the  Ardra  country;  and 
according  to  the  following  memoir,  thoft: 
fadorics  arc  turn'd  into  forcs,  as  well  as  (he 
Englifj  lodge. 

Vol.  V. 


Refl.  p.  34.  XIV.]  midah  is  a  fort  aboutBAunor. 
one  hundred  yards  fquare,  belonging  to  the  ^-^V"^ 
Englijh,    with  four  large  flankers,    all  f^&^ 
earth,    having  a  battery  with  twenty  one 
good  guns  mounted,    and  a  trench  about 
twenty  foot  deep  and  eighteen  foot  wide  a- 
bout  it  i  and  commonly  guarded  by  about 
twenty  IVhite  men  and  one  hundred  Gromct- 
toes.     It  (lands  about  three  miles  from  the 
water  fide,  between  a  Duiijb  fort  at  Acra,  to 
the  weilward,  and  two  forts  belonging  to 
the  French  ^nA  Dutch,  within  half  a  mile. 

About  four  miles  from  jyi^ui.ih,  in  the 
king's  town,  the  company  have  a  factory-  unctU<. 
houfe,  a  place  jf  very  confiderable  trade  ; 
but  it  is  a  wrcLched  pl.ice,  :,s  wt-il  as  all  o- 
ther  European  fettlcments,  10  live  in,  by 
rer.lon  ot  the  adiacent  fv/:im])s  whence  pro 
ceed  noifome  llinks  and  fuch  twarms  of 
mofquettoes  or  gnats,  as  plague  men  night 
and  day  m  an  intolerable  manner.  1-  10m 
the  Eiigiijij  fiiftory  to  the  king's  town  is 
tour  miles,  through  very  pleafani  fields, 
full  of  Ituiiii  and  Gu-nea  corn,  potato^,  and 
ignames  in  great  jlenty,  of  which  vhey 
have  two  crops  in  a  year,  and  .tlong  the 
roads  are  frveial  villages.  This  was  in 
169?  and  1694. 

Thefe  are  the  thrie  principal  places  (or 
purchafing  great  numbers  of  flaves,  about 
half  a  mile  dillant  t  rein  each  other. 

Bofman,  p.  366.]  Our  lodging  here,  which 
the  king  caufed  to  be  built  for  me,  is  very 
large,  containing  three  warehoufes  and  fe- 
ven  chambers,  beiides  a  beautiful  court 
within,  adorii'd  on  each  fide  with  a  cover'd 
gallery  -,  but  the  lodgings  of  the  red  of  the 
European!  are  very  mean  and  inconvenient. 

The  Brandenburghcrs  have  alfo  a  fadlory 
at  Fida,  fince  the  year  16S4. 

The  fame  king  that  was  at  Fuhi  in  my 
time  16S2,  was  rtill  vigorous  in  1701,  and 
then  about  fifty  two  or  fifty  three  years  of 
age  }  but  as  brilk  and  fprightly  as  a  man  at 
thirty  five. 

I  have  been  told  by  a  Frendt  gentleman, 
prifoner  ot  war  at  i>ouibiiwpton,  that  this 
king  of  IFhidah  ilied  in  170S,  and  that  his 
death  occafion'd  a  civil  war  there.  One  of 
the  principal  natives  of  the  country,  afpiring 
to  the  fuccefifion,  got  together  an  army  of 
twelve  or  fifteen  thoufand  men,  of  his  party, 
to  oppofe  the  former  king's  fon,  then  about 
twenty  eight  years  of  age ;  but  the  young 
prince  being  fupportedby  the  Englijh  and 
French,  v'lo  lent  nim  about  two  hundred 
European  foldiers  or  mariners,  foon  forc'd  the 
difturbcr  to  retire,  and  was  afterwards  with 
the  general  confent  of  the  people  erlthron'd  j 
and  near  one  hundred  and  fifty  of  the  princi- 
pal rebels,  who  had  been  taken,  were  fold  as 
flaves  to  the  French  of  the  AJJienio,  and 
moft  of  them  carry'd  to  Martinico  and  fold 


b;.;.    ,,|f  &.»!#•' 

kmm 

i  '1'  -F'tf  .  ■■ 


.1  -*;■: 


n 


;       'i 

I' >  '■'. 


'^>n■^,i ' 


l::;,:iii« 


.  f. 


thtre.    The  young  king  diftribuced  about 


1 


OM 


m 


m 


v::- 


■>h'^ 


ji'lj 


i! 


1^   li; 


lit  ■ 


,f  a; 


4'i 


m 


^ 


W*i<'i 


4^4 


Rcmcirkable  Occurrences.  • 


Bakiiot  en:  luintlrcd  of  them  among  the  I'reiich  anil 

'>'W>  I:i.'g!i/h,  who  h.ui  lo  gcneroufly  airiftec!  him 

to  al'cenii  the  throne  of  mklnb,  and  gave 

other  pi(  fciits  to  tlic  men  that  were  upon  the 

t'X|)cditio:i. 

rii.it  prince  is  a  great  favourer  of  all  Ett- 
ro/va>i<  rciuling  oi  trading  in  his  country, 
Init  leall  of  the  Po>t:igi<t]f;  tho'  they  are 
.'illowVl  a  lodge  there,  as  well  as  the  others. 
I'Jiofe  lartories  or  lodges  are  now  all  en- 
clofed  with  high  mvid-walls,  like  fortrcfles, 
and  each  of  them  has  fome  cannon,  more 
or  lis,  to  defend  it,  with  a  fmall  garrifon, 
lu  fhlcs  fac^^lors  and  f'ervanrs,  which  tin;  Ibr- 
in.r  king  alKv.v'd  of  upon  the  prelTing  in- 
iLinces  of  our  Ewof'i'an  chiel  tactors  there, 
as  the  only  way  to  prevent  their  faid  fachi- 
rios  b.ing  robh'd  and  pillag'd,  as  they  liad 
b,-cn  often  before  by  the  natives,  notvvith- 
llandingall  their  watehhilnefs  ;  which  occa- 
fion'd  treqiient  difpiitcs  andconteits  among 
tliem. 

This  new  king  adniinifters  very  iinjiartial 
iulliee,  and  will  not  fuffer  any  EioopL-m 
farter  to  abufe,  or  encroach  upon  another, 
but  will  have  them  all  live  in  unity. 


cording  to  his  order,  he  did  not  brirg  th: 
perfon  of  the  king  of  GrtiH  Airm  along 
with  him,  on  whom,  and  not  on  his  fnbjects. 
he  had  intended  his  revenge. 

You  may  pleal'e  to  obierve,  what  mif. 
chiets  this  prince  brought  upon  himfclf,  a- 
alio  that  the  law  of  nations  is  as  well  ob- 
ferv'd  among  thofe  //c  u,.  ens  as  us  Etirop  -nrs : 
for  that  great  monarch  did  not  think  himfell 
fatist'y'd  by  the  death  of  fo  many  thoufaru' 
men,  for  the  murther  ot  his  amballadtir, 
but  would  rid  the  world  of  the  partieul.u 
occafion  of  it.  Which  whether  he  after  ■ 
.v.irds  did,  I  have  not  yet  heard. 


InlilV...;! 


A  R  D  R  A 

■p.Xrther  inland  are  yet  more  potent  king- 
■•■  doms  than  this ;  but  I  know  nothing,  or 
very  little  of  them,  except  that  whiltl  I 
w >s  at  I'uLi,  one  of  their  amballadors  carnc 
to  the  king  of  Great  Ardra,  to  acquaint  him 
from  hismafter,  that  feveral  Anirajian  Blacks 
had  been  with  him  to  make  their  complaints, 
and  to  advife  him  to  take  care,  that  his 
viceroys  treated  thofe  poor  men  more  gent- 
ly -,  orelfehe  (liculd  beoblig'd,  tho' much 
agamft  his  will,  to  come  to  their  affid.incc, 
iuui  tike  them  into  his  protection. 

The  king  of  Great  Ardra,  inlteadof  mak- 
ing a  proper  ule  of  this  wholefome  advice, 
laughed  at  it,  and  in  farther  defpight  to  that 
king,  miirtlier'd  his  ambadluior  i  upon 
which,  he  was  ib  violently  as  well  as  julUy 
enraged,  that  with  the  utmoft  cxjxdition, 
he  caufed  an  army,  by  the  Ehiiijiaiif  augmen- 
ted to  the  nimiijer  of  ten  hundred  thoufand 
men,  to  fall  into  their  country ;  and  thofe 
being  all  horfe,  and  a  warlike  nation,  in  a 
fhort  time  fubdu'd  half  the  king  of  Ardra's 
territories,  and  made  fuch  a  flaughter  among 
fm^httr.  his  fubifdts,  that  the  dead  being  innumerable, 
they^commoniy  exprefTed  it  by  laying,  they 
were  like  the  grains  of  corn  in  the  field. 
This  looks  very  fabulous,  infomuch,  that 
tho'  it  is  confirm'd  to  me  by  oaths,  I  do 
not  vouch  it  for  a  truth.  But  it  is  certain 
that  the  flaughter  was  prodigious,  and  that 
the  general  of  that  great  army,  contenting 
himfclf  therewith,  return'd  home,  expefting 
to  be  very  well  receiv'd  by  his  tnafter,  but 
found  himlelf  miftaken  -,  for  the  king  caufed 
him  to  be  hang'd  on  a  tree,  becaufe,  ac- 


Tcrrihle 


JJ.iviJ 


B  r.  K  I  r«. 

/Vvfi.-;/,;.'i"s  vov.i2,c  to  II  !.■/: 


T  X  the  beginning  of  my  letter  of  tiic  city ''''■  "•r. 
■*•  of  lieiiin,  '0...'-,  I  inform'd  you  of  iu+'''' 
nie.in  ftate  at  prefent,  and  that  the  gruiteft 
part  of  it  lies  tleiolate  :  which  indeed  is  '.ie- 
plorable,  bv  re.ilbn  the  nrciinij.icent  coua- 
try  is  as  jjleafant  as  couki  be  willi'd,  where 
noiiiten'ofing  hill  or  woo.i  rudely  inrcrrupts 
the  ;':i,rceab!e  profpe^t  of  thoulands  of 
chatining  trees,  wiiirli  by  their  wide  extend- 
ed branches,  full  ot  leaves,  feem  to  invite 
mankind  to  repofe  uniler  their  fliade. 

The  ruin  ot  this  town  and  neighbouring 
land,  was  occalion'd  by  the  king's  caufing 
two  kings  of  the  llrect  to  be  kill'd,  under 
colour  that  they  had  attempted  his  lite,  tho' 
all  the  world  was  fatisfy'd  of  the  contrary, 
anil  thoroughly  convinc'd,  that  their  ex 
celFive  wealth  was  the  true  caule  of  their 
death,  that  the  king  might  enrich  himfclf 
with  their  eflefts,  as  he  did. 

After  this  barb.iiity,  ilie  king  found  alfb 
a  third  man  that  flood  in  his  way  ;  who  be- 
ing univerlally  belov'd,  was  timely  warnetl 
of  that  prince's  intention,  and  accordingly 
took  his  flight,  accompany'd  by  three 
fourths  of  the  inhabitanlsofthe  town:  which 
the  king  oblerving,  immediately  alTeinblcd 
a  number  of  men  Ironi  the  adjacent  country, 
and  cauled  the  higitives  to  be  purfu'd,  in 
order  to  oblige  liicm  to  return  ;  but  his 
troops  were  fo  warmly  receiv'd  by  this  king 
of  the  ftreet  and  his  followers,  that  Jicy 
forc'd  them  to  return  with  bloody  notes, 
and  give  their  mafler  an  account  of  their 
mifadventurc.  He  rclblving  not  to  rcll 
there,  makes  a  frefli  attemj^t,  which  fuc- 
ceeded  no  better  than  the  former  ■,  nor  was 
thatall,  for  the  fugitive,  throughly  incenfed 
and  flufli'd,  came  diredlly  to  the  city,  which 
he  plunder'd  and  pillag'd,  fparing  no  place 
but  the  king's  court,  and  then  retir'd  i  bat 
inceflitntly  continu'd  for  the  fjiace  of  ten 
years  to  rob  the  inhabitants  of  (ht-at  Bcfiin, 
till  at  laft  by  the  mediation  of  the  P.itn- 
guefe,  a  peace  was  concluded  betwixt  iiini 
and  the  king,  by  which  he  was  entirely  par- 

don'd 


not  brirc;  tli: 

/IrcTii  along 

n  liis  lubii'dls. 

e,  wh.u  mif. 
in  hi  111  fell',  a-, 
?  ;is  well  ob- 
us  Europ  -nrs : 
think  himft;!! 
mny  thoulan.! 
i  anib.ilV.ulo!-, 
the  jMrticiil.u 
her  he  atuT- 
an!. 


2.C  to  Be  ■■-  7, , 

C.T  of  the  city ''"■■" '1-. 
n'd  you  pf  iib'*'^' '• 
U  ihc  pr^atefl 
1  intlwd  is  dc- 
mj,ic;Tit  coiin- 
willi'd,  whciL' 
ik-ly  inrcrrupts 
tlioulanils  of 
r  wiiic  cxtfntt- 
I'cLin  to  invite 
c-ir  fliado. 
I  neighbouring 
kin;4's  caufing 
l:  kill'ci,  iinclcr 
ed  his  life,  tho' 
[  the  contrary, 


til, 


at  their  ex 
uik'  of  tluii 
nrich  hinifclf 


g  found  alio 
y  •,  who  bf- 
mtly  warned 
iccordingly 
M   by   three 
town:  wliicli 
y  alTenibled 
cent  country, 
le  purfu'd,  ill 
rn  ■,    but  his 
1  by  this  king 
<;,  that  Jicy 
loody  nofes, 
ount  of  their 
not  to  reft 
which  fuc- 
KT  i  nor  was 
ghly  incenfed 
le  city,  which 
ring  no  place 
retir'd  ;  but 
fjiace  of  ten 
Crcat  B'f'i'i, 
.f  tiie  PHii- 
betwixt  him 
entirely  par 


ioa'd 


A  Voyage  to  New  Calabar. 


4?? 


don''J  all  that  was  pad,  and  carneftiy  requeft- 
ed  to  return  to  his  former  habitation :  Howe- 
ver lie  would  not  truft  himfelf  there,  but  liv.  s 
two  or  three  days  journey  I'rom  Benin,  where 
lie  keeps  as  great  a  court  and  flate  as  the  king. 
The  returning  citizens  were  affably  ami 
amicably  receiv'd  by  the  king,  and  prefer- 


red to  lionourable  offices,  in  order  by  thofe  Barbot. 
means  to  induce  the  reft  to  return  ;  which  '"^"^T^. 
probably  they  will  not  do,  as  being  very 
well  contented  where  they  are.  Wherefore 
it  is  to  be  feared,  that  the  greateft  part  of 
this  town  is  ftill  likely  to  continue  uninha- 
bited. 


An  Abstract  of  a  Voyage  to  TV^w  Calabar  Kiver,  or  Rio  Real^  in 

the  year  1699. 

Taken  out  of  the  journal  of  Mr.  James  Barbot ;  Super-Cargo,  and  Part-Owncr 
witli  me,  and  other  Adventurers  of  London,  in  the  Albion-Frigate,  of 
300  Tons  and  24  Guns,  a  Ten  per  Cent.  Ship. 


figl'.t  of 


►T"  H  F.  ihirteenth  of  7.;;;«rtn'  1698-9,  Wi 
*    fail'il  Ironi  the  Doivns. 

The  third  ot  h'ihiuayy,  we  h.ul 
Poito  Sdi.to,  and  of  tlie  ifland  MiuIli\:. 

I'he  fifth,  we  law  the  illand  fiilm.i,  one  of 
the  C;;.Vi';i''',  at  fouthcalh  a  great  liithinre. 

Tenth,  we  built  up  ourfloop,  on  our  deck. 

Tiiirteentli,  law  rajjc  /  ^nlr,  dilfant  ii.x 
leagues  eall  fouth-eall. 

'I'wenty-third,  cape  ATtfiiraJo,  fcveii 
leagues  at  eaff  by  north. 

Twenty  filth,  we  anchor'd  before  S,-j}ro 
river  v  there  we  ftaid  till  the  twentieth  of 
March,  getting  in  wood,  water,  rice,  mala- 
guette,  fowls,  and  other  refreflimeiits  and 
provifions,  &c. 

King  Filter  wa^-  ftill  alive  and  well ;  we 
[^ot  but  few  elephants  teeth,  becaufc  very 
dear. 

Twentieth  of  March,  failed  from  Seflro 
river. 

Twenty  eighth,  pafs'd  by  St.  j4iiilrev.'s 
rivor. 

Seventh  of  .'//r//,  came  before //.vjw,  the 
firtl  D:i!c  h  lort  on  the  iiuUl  Conjl  of  Gidnt.i- 

Eighth,  anchor'd  before  the  Ph'Ij^.di  ton, 
Crait  Freiit-rikibur^b,  at  Trt'S-Pcn! :;. 

The  Pi/i/i'.aii  general  receiv'd  us  at  his 
fort  very  civilly,  but  told  us,  he  liail  no  oc- 
rafion  for  any  of  our  goods  ;  the  traile  being 
every  wlure  on  that  coift,  at  a  ft.;nil,  as 
well  by  riafim  of  the  vaft  number  of  inter- 
loi^crs  and  other  trading  ftiips,  as  for  the 
wars  among  the  natives,  and  efpecially  that 
which  the  EiigU/Jj  and  Dulch  had  occafion'd 
on  account  of  a  Black  king  the  Eng!i//.>  had 
niurder'tl,  which  muft  be  the  king  ot  Coin- 
PxiiJo  before  mcntion'd  in  this  Supplement, 
and  that  the  armies  had  aftually  been  in  the 
lield  tor  eight  months,  which  ftopt  all  the 
palFes  for  merchants  to  come  down  to  the 
forts,  to  trade  ;  that  it  was  expefted  there 
would  be  a  battle  fpecdily,  betwixt  them  j 
P.  1^1  that  the  Hollanders,  a  people  very  jealous 
•'■"(fl-of  their  commerce  at  the  coaft,  were  very 
['^^^  Itudious  to  have  the  war  carried  on  among 
iho  Blacks,  to  tliftraft  as  long  as  poffible 


the  trade  of  other  Europeans,  and  to  that 
etfedt  were  very  ready  to  alTift  upon  all  oc- 
cafions  the  Blacks,  their  allies,  that  they 
might  beat  their  enemies,  and  fo  the  com- 
merce fall  into  their  hands. 

The  ninth  we  came  to  an  anchor  before 
the  Prujiian  fort.  Great  FrcJcrickil'urj^h,  a 
very  handfome  lortrefs,  mounted  with  a- 
bout  forty  guns.  The  general  told  me, 
that  fix  weeks  before  in  his  return  from 
cape  Lofe  tnTres-Poitns,  he  had  been  a f- 
f  ml  ted  by  a  pirate,  who  was  forc'd  to  let 
him  go,  being  too  warmly  receiv'd ;  and 
that  there  were  two  or  three  other  pirates, 
cruizing  about  that  cajie  and  St.  Tome. 

On  the  tenth,  a  finall  Porlitgiiefi  (hip  ar.- 
chor'd  by  us,  the  mafter  a  Black  laid  he  had 
been  but  three  weeks  from  St.  Tome,  and 
that  about  three  months  bel()re  he  law  there 
four  tall  French  ftiips  coming  tVom  the 
coaft  of  Guinea,  loaded  with  flaves,  moftly 
at  Eida;  one  of  them  tcmmanded  by  Cbr. 
Damon.  Thofe  fliips  were  iVnt  by  the  French 
king  with  a  particular  commiHion,  to  pur- 
( liale  Haves  in  Guinea,  to  indemnity  the 
freel)ootrsof  St.  I)oniit/?n,  for  their  preten- 
fions  to  the  booty  taken  Ibrnicrly  at  Car- 
ticena  by  Mill,  de  Pjintn  and  da  CaJJl; 
in  lieu  of  money  ;  ami  thereby  engage  them 
to  return  to  St.  D-jmiir^o,  and  pulh  on  their 
leitlenicnt  there,  which  they  had  aban- 
don'd  i  11  h.Mig  agreed  to  Icll  them  the 
ftaves,  at  no  note  than  two  hundred  and 
fifty  livres,  /"''•  each  Indian  ]iicce  at  St.  Do- 
mingo, which  accordingly  has  made  them 
return  to  their  letilemcnts  there.  Thofe 
tliips  had  been  forc'd  to  give  near  fifty 
crowns  a  piece,  at  Fida  ;  ftaves  being  then 
pretty  thin  at  that  place,  and  in  great  de- 
mand. 

The  Bhcks  there,  through  malice,  had 
diverted  the  channel  of  the  frefh  water  aftiore, 
to  hinder  us  taking  any,  of  which  we  cpm- 
pldin'd  to  the  Pruffian  general,  who  there- 
upon gave  orders  to  let  us  have  water. 

He  lent  us  fome  of  his  bricklayers,  to  fet 
up  our  copper  aboard,  for  our  ftaves  before- 
hand, The 


■  1  h 


m  m  M 


'•I' 


')^^'i!';l 


EffP 


1,;  ..•'■  Ai^ 


t   -H: 


W 


\  I  ':.}^';mM 


(;>K 


iWMii 


■■-,., 


4<;6 


A  Voyage  to  New  Calabar. 


I  ( 


;«■;/';«■ 


I 'I  ?!:      'ih 


ii:i^3 


Bar  nor.  The  Tortw^\'.e''c  mafter  beggM  our  pro- 
'^'VNJ  tfftion  to  convoy  him  fite  to  cape  Corjo,  in 
his  way  u>  /!</,(,  fearing  the  llolianiUri  at 
A/i«.i,  who,  wUinevcr  ihcy  can,  force  all 
Vurlu^uefc  lliip.s  to  piay  thcin  a  very  hi^i 
toll,  ior  the  pcrinilTion  ot'  trading  at  the 
(oalt. 

We  hive  ahuntlanccof  our  men  fick,  ami 
I'cveral  already  tlcad,  the  weather  being  in- 
tolerably fcorihing  hot,  and  we  can  hardly 
got  any  provifioiis  tot  them,  but  a  few  goats 
very  dear  :  we  hail  trom  the  Pot  I Ki^ui-Je,  one 


goat. 


iuvsi,  and  feven  chickens,  for  five 


"n-> 


Inscrlof-tr 


one  lu 
,.'  -Ci  in  gold. 

Mere  we  perci  ivM  that  above  an  hundred 
pounds  worth  orhorfe-bcans,  we  had  bought 
at  Loniio/i,  for  llibfilling  our  flaves  in  the  vo;'  - 
age,  were  quite  rotten  antl  fpoilM,  tor  want 
of  being  well  llow'd  and  look'd  after 
ever  fince. 

On  the  levcntecnth  of  /Ipril,  we  were  be- 
fore Alithi  callle,  and  found  feven  fail  in  the 
road,  three  or  lourot  them  tall  niip<;-,  among 
which  two  trigats,  each  of  about  thirty 
guns  and  a  hundred  and  thirty  men,  crui/ers 
at  the  coail  -,  who  had  takm  three  inter- 
lopers of  /.ij'.iiul,  one  of  which  carried 
thirty-fix  guns,  who  having  made  a  hr.ivc 
relilfance,  the  commander  was  to  be  try'd 
lor  his  life.  One  of  the  frigats  having  been 
already  two  years  at  thi  coafV,  was  ready 
to  return  home,  with  a  thoufand  marks  of 
goki. 

Tlie  eighteenth,  anchored  at  cape  Corfi 
road,  where  we  rid  by  twc  Eiig!iJ/j  fhips, 
on  eight  fathom,  muddy  landy  ground  ;  the 
Poituguiff  vcflTel  in  our  company  was  let  a- 
drift,  his  cable  breaking  ;  and  fending  his 
boat  to  weigh  the  anchor,  in  very  boif 
lerous  weather,  from  fouth-weft,  the  boat 
overfet,  ami  three  of  his  men  were  drown'd. 

We  found  no  corn  there,  every  boily  *el- 
ling  U:,  it  was  very  dear  at  the  coaft. 

On  the  twcnty-firft,  we  fet  fail,  filuting 
the  caflle  with  feven  guns,  and  anchor'd  at 
.liiamdou;  where  we  purchas'd  with  much 
irouble,  and  at  a  very  dear  rate,  a  quantity 
ot  Iihliiin  wheat,  and  fold  many  pcrpets, 
and  much  powder  :  we  paid  three  Jlk'tcs  for 
every  chcff  of  corn,  which  is  exceflive  dear ; 
but  having  loll  all  our  large  ftock  of  horfe- 
bcans,  were  (brc'd  to  get  corn  at  all  rates. 
Here  the  B'-.tcks  puta  great  value  upon  per- 
pets,  in  painted  wrappers  ;  oil-cloths  «"ith 
gilt  lead',  with  large  painted  arms  ol 
Eti^liuiil. 

The  tenth,  we  lent  tiie  boat  to  Anifcban, 
at  eaft,  for  tewel ;  and  bought  her  loading 
of  billets  at  three  /Ikia  for  each  hundred, 
very  dear  wood. 

The  eleventh,  we  failed,  ant)  the  twelfth 
pafs'd  by  ylfong,  a  Dutch  fort,  very  advan- 
lageoufly  fituated  ;  came  to  anchor  at  //';/;■ 
>iii>a,  an  Fjigli/^j  fort,  and  went  afliorc- 


The  fifteenth,  we  arriv'd  at  /icra,  .w.d 
anchor'd  about  a  league  and  a  half  from  fhore. 
Here  we  ftay'd  to  the  twenty-fixth,  trading 
for  gold,  flaves,  and  I'oine  few  teeth  -,  am] 
diverting  our  felves  by  turns,  with  the  /■,').•-. 
liji>,  Diikh,  and  D.ur.jL  commanders  of  liic 
forts ;  but  more  intimately  with  Mr.  Tratum. 
the  D,iiti/!?  chief,  who  !ias  his  lady  with  him. 

The  twenty-fixth,  as  we  work'd  our  fma'i 
bower  aboard,  both  i:abie  ami  buoy-rope 
breaking,  we  were  torc'd  to  tail,  leavini' 
the  anel\or  behi.'Kl,  which  was  hitch'd  ;/ 
niong  the  rocks  at  the  bottom  ;  and  having 
purchas'd  fixty-five  (laves  along  the  G-;/.;' 
CmiJ},  bcfides  gohl  and  elephants  teeth,  ta- 
inted the  three  /■.unpnvi  tort*,  eacli  with 
nine  gunsj  and  (leered  calf  iinith  eitV,  for 
four  or  five  leaguis,  then  fouth-ead  by  e.ili 
for  twenty-eight  leagues  towards  N.-u>  Ca- 
lul'iir,  to  buy  more  (l.ives. 

The  twenty-l'eventh,  latitude  obfcrv\' 
five  degrees  tour  minutes  north,  mods  rat', 
weather,  the  wind  at  foiith-wed  by  well, 
being  followed  by  our  fmall  (loop  imiier  fwl. 
and  at  night  it  blew  Co  hard,  that  to  keen 
her  company,  we  put  out  the  fore-fail  ar.ii 
two  top-tails  only. 

The  twenty-ninth,  we  guefs'd  we  were 
near  cape  hh-mofn,  flow  fiil,  becaufcof  our 
floop  having  very  rough  fea,  an  heavv 
gale  and  rains. 

The  thirtieth,  had  fight  of  land,  foiith- 
eaft  by  eaft  of  us,  and  came  within  two 
leagues  of  it,  in  ten  fathom  muddy  (and,  the 
fea  carrying  to  land  apace.     CJuefTing  we 
had  run  already  near  one  hundred  and  ttu 
leagues    from  Acra,   and    perceived  then. 
that  we  mifs'd  cape  ihrnojo,  which  w-;  ex- 
jwe'ted  to  have  feen  at  north,  of  us  -,  that  thi- 
tide  had  drove  us  about  filteen  leagues  north 
weft  of  it,  in  thegulphof  Renin  ;  w.'iieh  wa^ 
a  mighty  furprizc,  as  well  as  a  dilappoiiu- 
ment  of  our  voyage  to  Calabar.    Qui  Hoop 
.ioc being  able  to  wc«k  it  up,  fo  well  as  the 
fliip,  becaufe  of  the  rough  fea  and  high  foiitli 
weft  andfouth  fouth-weft  wind  ■,  were  fore' t 
to  come  to  aiKhor  mi  feven  fathom,  mudily 
ground,  in  hopes  of  .i  land-wind,  to  favour 
u'  to  the  fouthward  :  this  was  on  the  thir 
tieth  of  May. 

The  thirty-fuft,  we  eaft  anchor  .again  a- 
bout  a  league  i,nd  a  half  from  laml.atfoui 
degrees  fifty  minutes  of  our  obfervation 
This  day  the  tide  very  fwift,  to  northward, 
at  half  a  league  an  hour  -,  the  land  lying 
north  and  fouth,  very  low,  flat,  and  al!  over 
woody ;  by  our  guels,  fincc  we  fail'd  from 
Acra.,  we  thought  to  have  gained  thirty 
leagues  fouthward  -,  and  confequently  to  be 
in  a  proper  latitude  for  cape  I'ennofo  ;  and 
in  all  this  time  we  had  but  two  obfervations, 
the  weather  being  continually  gloomy,  and 
great  rains.  This  day  we  reckoned  to  be  fif- 
tcf  1  leagues  north  north  weft  of  cape  t\r- 

mojo, 


A  Voyage  to  New  Calabar. 


4n 


mofot  wind  liigh  at  fouth  foutli-weft,  the  tide 
ai;  north. 

Firft  of  Jllne^  good  weather ;  but  the  tiile 
violent  to  north,  and  rough  fea,  laying  at 
anchor. 

Second,  hazy  weather  at  anchor,  and 
could  not  fee  our  lloop. 

Third,  the  (loop  c.ime  up  to  us,  with  a 
well  fouth-wcft  wind  •,  we  were  tiien  under 
Tail,  fleering  fourh :  but  firowing  c.ilm  in  the 
attirnooii,  anchored  in  five  fathom,  muddy 
<j,round,  and  heavy  rain. 

Fourth,  fifrh  and  fixth,  flill  at  anchor, 
wind  I'outh  fouth-weil  and  tbuth-weft,  abun- 
d.ince  ot  rain. 

Seventh,  in  the  morning  our  ( .'.ble  broke, 
and  immediatelv  let  t'.dl  our  ilieet-.uichor, 
the  fea  very  high. 

Kighrh,  li-nt  both  bo.\t  and  pinnace  to 
t.ike  up  our  loll  anciior  -,  but  the  boillciDus 
wi!athi'r  could  not  allow  the  men  to  work 
up  the  buoy-rope  :  our  people  iryed  again 
II)  i!ie  alternoon,  but  without  elVect. 

Ninth,  calm  weatlnr,  the  boatb  went  to 
work  the.mchor,  but  the  bi;oy-rope  biiike, 
.Hid  fo  the  aiuhor  w.is  loit  ;  which  put  us 
into  a  eoiillernatioM,  h.ivmg  but  one  anchor 
left  aboard. 

Thole  who  fay  the  navigation  in  Guinea  is 
very  cafv ,  at  this  time,  to  the  month  of  /Iti- 
guj:,  are  Ibangely  mif^aken,  and  ought  to 
tarry  a  double  quantity  of  anchors  i  tor  the 
lea  is  moll  days  very  high,  and  the  wind  at 
louth  fouth-well  very  frelli,  blowing  on  the 
land  i  accompanied  with  very  lieavy  long 
I  .iii.s,  wi'.ich  ftrain  upon  a  Hup  continually, 
when  at  anchor ;  and  the  ground  is  very 
tluny,  or  rather  rocky,  in  many  places,  as 
,ir  Sejlro,  ylxim,  'trei-Ponlas  and  /Jcid. 

It  is  alio  thought  that  the  heavy  fliowers 
of  rain  abate  the  lurges  of  the  lea  ;  but  we 
lindthe  contrary  .•lor  during  thefc  five  weeks 
pall,  we  Uavc  had  continually  a  high  ilw, 
dilinal  ilaik,  and  very  cold  days  and  nights, 
iniiig  as  raw  a  cold  as  in  I  lie  channel  ot  Eii^- 
iiUid,  mSeptcnihcr:  our  lorry  lloop  impro- 
perly the  occafion  of  our  misloriunc  and 
Kiardnieiit. 

The  twelfth,  faii'd  again,  (leci Ing  wefl  and 
weft  by  north,  the  tide  flill  •,  in  the  after- 
ternoon  the  wind  being  louth-weft,  we  tack'd 
to  Ibuth  fouth  call,  a  ffefli  gale-,  ar  tour 
ui  tlu,  altirnoon  to  fouth  by  eaft,  in  fi.x  la- 
thom.  Ml  fight  of  a  river.  At  night  we  came 
to  an  anchor,  in  five  and  a  half  lathom,  and 
bent  our  new  cable  lor  greater  fafcty,  hav- 
ing only  this  one  anchor  left  us. 

The  thirteenth,  the  tide  to  Ibuih-eaft,  the 
wind  weft  fouth-weft,  and  then  weft  by 
fouth,  a  fmall  gale  v  we  faii'd  to  fouth,  h.azy 
rainy  weather,  along  the  fhore,  and  at  Ibuth 
we  anrhor'd  in  eight  and  a  half  tathotiis, 
fearing  a  tornado. 
Vol.  V.  •  ■■; 


The  fourteenth,  rain,  as  cold  as  in  D^-Barbot! 
cemher  in  LnglamU  and  raw  weather :  lay  ^O**^ 
ftill  at  anchor. 

The  fifteenth,  the  fanie  wcatlier  ;  at  teii 
we  ftiled,  but  immediately  dropt  anchor 
again,  fearing  a  tornado. 

The  fixtecnth,  rain,  fet  fail,  ftecring  fouth- 
caft  on  eight  fathom,  and  nine,  at  eleven 
•.:-clock ;  we  rcach'd  cape  Fermofo,  which 
is  not  eafy  to  be  known.  Coming  from  the 
north-weft  at  two  a-clock,  we  pafs'd  by 
Rio  No>!,  ftearing  eaftcrly  ;  at  four  pafs'd  by 
Rio  Odd),  in  fevcn  fithom  j  at  fix  at  night, 
anchored  in  fix  farliom,  north  north-eaft 
and  fouth  fouth-wclt  oi  Rio  Tilnna,  or  St, 
"Juan. 

The  feventcenth,  failed  eaft  along  the 
flioie,  on  fix  and  feven  fathom  ;  at  nine, 
we  had  R'loSt.  Nubo'tii,  at  north  >  at  eleven, 
Rio  Si.  Baih.iin  ;ai  one  a-clock,  pafs'd  the 
river  St.  Bailbolomco  ;  at  half  an  hour  after 
two,  Rio  SomhreuowWiiX  atthiee  We  rame 
to  an  anchor,  betwixt  the  latter,  and  Nev) 
CaLilhir  river,  on  five  and  a  half  fathom 
nuuidy  fand,  by  guefs  no.ah  and  fouth  olV 
Fuko  point. 

The  eighteenth,  by  daybreak,  we  fenl 
our  long-boat  with  tliiee  men  to  fail  to  land 
for  intelligence,  and  bring  fome  Black  to  pi- 
lot us  into  Calabar,  together  with  famples 
of  fome  merchandize  ;  we  Ipy'd  a  fhip  in 
Bandy  river,  .as  much  as  we  could  fee  it. 
The  tide  running  eaftward  at  ten,  we  moor'd 
our  fliip  about  four  leagues  from  fhore,  fup- 
pofing  we  mufl  lie  there,  and  drive  our  trade 
in  the  river  with  our  ftoop  and  long-boar, 
thinking  it  impofTible  to  find  a  proper  chan- 
nel, tocarry  fo  tall  a  fliipin,  drawing  four- 
teen foot  and  a  half  water. 

The  nineteenth,  wc  fent  one  of  the  pilots 
in  the  pinnace  to  found  the  bar  ;  he  returned 
at  ftven  at  nij'Ju  with  much  trouble,  the 
wind  and  lea  being  lo  high. 

The  twentieth,  lay  ftill,  txpediiig  the  re- 
turn of  our  long-boat  from  the  river. 

The  twenty-firft,  atday-hght,  our  warp 
broke,  whiili  was  moor'd  at  fbuth-caft,  be- 
caufe  it  had  blow'd  very  hard  all  night, 
from  fouth  fouth  weft,  and  fouth-weft  by 
fouth,  and  the  ebb  very  ftrong,  the  wea- 
ther very  colil.  We  find,  as  the  Portuguefe 
mafler  lud  told  us  at  Trcs-Ponias,  the  montji 
of  Jam'  hereabouts  to  be  a  DiMo,  as  he 
exprcfs'd  it. 

The  twenty-fccond,  rough  fea  at  ebb-tide, 
wind  fouth  fouth-weft  ;  we  are  much  con- 
cerft'd  for  our  long-boat  not  returning 
aboard. 

The  twenty-third,  moderate  clear  wea- 
ther, wind  fouth  fouth-weft.  At  eleven 
a-clock  wcfpy'd  a  boat  near  the  bar  i  but 
being  come  aboard  at  one,  found  it  was  a 
great  canoe  with  nine  if/jc/i  rowers,  bcfides 
6  A  othei 


,  -i     r.j'i 


■  i'i 


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.  fi  I?! 


I  1 


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ri 


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Mii.  uiij ''  f  ii. 


IW^!        1, 


r.ii'  u 


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1  I 


4?8 


/^  Voyage  tt>  New  Calabar. 


BAr 


HOT  other  ;?'«,(•,  niul  the ninihr  of  our  Ioiia- 
bi'HU,  who  rcporciil  tli.it  on  the  twcntietli, 
hcinji  1,1 .11-  ihi-  b:ir,  and  not  polTihlt  to  per 
t>m,  he  ilropp'd  his  gr.ipphng,  and  a  tfw 
hoiiTs  .il'rcv  ihf  roiv:  broke,  and  was  fon 'd 
tluis  b.u  k  to  A'.'Wv  rivxT,  Icivinf;  on  it  .i 
buoy  lopf. 

The  kinp;o1' /?(>'). 'V,  Wllliatn,  h;ui  lent  lis 
two  oi  fhrer  of  his  nilots  in  tlic  ranoo,  with 
certificitc?  oflcviTAl'  F.ngiiJ/.,  mailers  ol  Ihips 
they  h.KJ  piloted  formerly  I'.de  in,  Ibme  ot 
thcin  drawing  thirteen  toot  water ;  in  rale 
we  were  dclirous  to  carry  t!ie  triij,at  into  the- 
river. 

Our  man  reported,  that  the  fhip  we  could 

lee  within   the  river   w.is    A')/;'/;//,    com 

manded  bv  one  Kil-a'arih,  who  hail  got  his 

complement  of  (laves,  being  live  iiuinlrfd,  in 

three  weeks  time  -,  and  was  ready  to  (ail  lor 

the  flrl-JnJirs  :  and  that  he  would  I'pare  us 

an  anchor  of   .ibout  eleven  hundred  weigiu, 

which  rei'.'iied  us  iTUich. 

c,M.tfUut      ^^^'  reported  farther,  rhar  as  loon  as  t lie 

totay        B>.iiiK<.  unild  fee  our  lliip  olV  at  lia,  they  im- 

yjio.       mediately  went  up  the  riv>  r  to  buy  flaves, 

belides  a  luindnd  .md  titty   th.\t  were  artu- 

aliy  at  /;.;;/,/v  town  when  helett  it  ;  and  that 

king  (f'iHunn  hadafluiM  him,  he  cngigM  to 

turnini  five  hundred  flaves  tor  our  loading, 

all  lull y  and  young.    Upon  which,  we  con- 

liilted  aboard  with   the  officers,  and  unani- 

moully  agreed  to  carry  uji  the  tliip,  ilpofli- 

ble,  for  the  greater  exjiedition. 

On  the  twenty-fourth,  early,  the  weather 
being  lair,  the  wind  (outh-weft,  according 
to  that  rclblution,  we  let  all  hands  to  get  in 
our  fheei  anchor,  the  only  one  we  liad  ;  but 
it  being  fo  decji  ftuck  in  mud,  (ould  not 
bring  it  up  ;  which  put  us  to  our  umiolf 
efforts.  But  whether  the  anchor  was  lb  deep 
in  the  mud,  or  among  ro(kyftoncs,  lean- 
not  f^iv,  the  fhip  pitching  violently  two 
ilr.inds  olV,  our  cable  gave  way,  iho'  it  was  a 
newotv  !  which  caufed  us  immediately  to 
I  hop  it  oti",  and  then  to  wimion  the  warp, 
on  which  we  had  '"afVencd  a  buoy,  being  an 
iion-lx>und  hogfliead. 

.'\t  one  in  the  afternoon,  weighing  our 
aneiior,  our  warp  broke,  and  with  precipi- 
tation oblig'd  us  to  chop  otV  our  cable,  to 
get  undtr  l.iil  to  fave  the  fliip,  as  wcl!  as 
our  perlons  if  pofTible,  at  this  time  in  great 
conffcrnation,  having  thus  loll  all  oiu-  an- 
chors, tiie  head  at  louth-eafl,  to  endeavour 
to  weather  the  breaking  on  the  bar. 

Thus  we  lail'd  Ibuth  Ibuth-eall  ami  fouth- 
eaft,  better  than  an  hour  and  a  half,  about 
two  leagues  from  the  place  where  wc  had 
lain  at  anchor  ;  and  having  brought  foh 
point  to  nortli-well  by  nortii,  and  north 
north  well,  and  Hamh  point  to  north  by  call 
about  five  leagues  from  us,  we  flood  to 
north-weft  by  north,  and  north-well,  for 
Ibmc  time,  running  on  five  and  a  halt,  five, 


four  and  a   Iv.If,  anil  four  tathom  and    .i 
quarter;  and  all  tlu:  while  with  the  lead  m 
hand  to  found  the  depths.     At  three  a  clock 
being  about   three  leagues  trom  the  point 
aforelaid,  we    (ell  on  .i  ludden  on  three  ,inii 
a  half,  and    continu'd  fo  tor  a  while;  then 
I  ,mie  to  tiiree,  and  two  and  three  quarter.s  fi- 
thom,and  finally  to  two  and  a  h.dl.   All  then 
thought  the  (hip  loll,  as  often  touching  on 
tile    ground    a-llern,    elpeeially    the    third 
llroke  was  very  violent ;  bin  then,  by  pro 
\;deiue,  happening  to  let  allourlails,  the  (hip 
pilled  over  and  got  in  well,  ;ind  by  degree.- 
louniUwoand  t'ireet|u. liters,  three,  and  three 
..ndone  i]u.utei  l.iil.win,  ((ji  .diovi  .i  leanue's 
coiirle,  the  bottom  btir.L,  vuy  uncveii,  ihree 
or  tour  toot  difierine<',  more  or  lei's,  at  eaeli 
le.Ki  call.    Thus  lai  ling  lor  two  hours  from 
three  to  four,  and  tour  to  three  la:li)m,wc 
luddenly  came  ag.iin  to  two  and  a  half,  and 
the  (hip  loueh'd  ground   very  (lightly  ;  but 
the  lea  being  fmnouh,  icceivVi  no  h.irm.    At 
.ibout  fi\'e  a-cli)'.  k,  we  got  the  openinc  of 
Ji.;iiil\  ri\'er,  and  the  fighr  ot' ca[;taiii  ^/iJ.^^''- ■■: 
■;cvir'Vs  (liip,  riiiing  beiore  the  king's  town  ; ''■',"''•' 
at  which  moment  we  lleer'd  north-e.ill,  i|i 
rectly  for  the  (aid  ri\er :  three  quarters  p:i(! 
fix  brought  /i.iii.i\  |io:nl  call  and  well,  with 
a  (wilt  eourte  of  tlood.     The  moon  fliine 
ferved  us  to  get  the  l.ime   tide  to  , in  anchor 
on  fourteen  fithom,  bcUnc  H,in,l\  town,  on 
a  ("mail  anchorot  three  hundred  weight,  the 
only  one  we  had  Ictt,  and  which  we  had  a': 
yhiamahoe  from  an  Eni^liJ/.i  fliip;  but  that 
anchor  being  too  light  for  (b  heavy  a  (liip, 
and  the  tide   (ii  very  ilrong,  it  required  x 
long  time,  the  (hip  driviii;!;,  beiore  it  took 
lu)ld  of  the  giotind    liilfii  k  nily,     Captain 
l-Alii-ardi  (emus  loon  alter,  a  Im.ill.mchorot 
fix   hundred  weight,  (or   that  night  onlv, 
till  he  could  fpare  us  his  l.irgc  anchor,  as  he 
had  |)romis'd,  which  is  very  provid, niid  in 
the  extremity  we  are  reduced  to  i  and  after 
the  dangers  ot    lliipwreck,  trom  which  we 
are  now  lb  happily  pielt-rved.  Our Hln,  k  ]iilots 
were  properlv  ot  no  ufe  in  our  diiliel's,  plea- 
ding they  never  were  leiilible  o(  I'o  (liallow 
water  at  the  bar  ;  and  that  it  was  ai  the  nip 
tide,  and  at  low  water  too,  that  die  fliip 
has  pafs'd  over  fo  luckilv. 

Captain  Eikcurth  feeing  from  a  great  dil" 
tani :,  the  danger  we  were  in,  through  the 
ignorance  of  our  blind  I'ilots,  who  l;ad  mil- 
taken  the  right  channel,  came  out  immedi- 
ately in  his  pinnace,  to  alfifl  and  fhow  us 
the  proper  channel :  to  that  cll'eft  he  llocxl 
to  leeward  of  us,  tliinking  we  apprehended 
his  meaning,  to  fleer  towards  the  pinnace, 
which  he  kept  there  for  a  mark  for  us,  the 
bar  being  their  not  above  hall  a  mileof  high 
ground,  and  yet  at  leaft  three  fathom  wa- 
ter ;  whereas  the  channel  we  got  through, 
is  better  than  three  miles  and  a  half  of  bar : 
but  we  fuppofing  the  tide  iiad  driven  him 

there, 


vtf Voyage  n  New  Calabar. 


??9 


there,  took  no  notice  of  his  defignj  and  lb 
prc/Cceded,  as  above  related,  aniiilll  many 
danger"  '\nd  difficulties.  But  had  we,  as  he 
laid  aflti  'ards,  when  t/e  hail  broiif;ht  the 
two  jioints,  or  apes  of  the  river,  toeaflartd 
well,  Iteei'd  immediately  north,  and  north 
by  eaft,  inftead  of  running  to  norrii  wtfl 
by  north,  ;'nd  north  north-wcit,  as  we  did 
then  ;  we  had  got  in  lieu  of  three  or  tlircc 
fathom  and  a  lialf  at  hefl,  five.  Ox,  fevcn, 
and  loon  after  eiglit  failioni  channel,  at  the 
place  where  he  flood  dill  witli  his  pinnace. 
,/,  On  the  twenty  fifth  in  the  morning,  we  fi- 
ti.  lilted  the  Hlack  king  of  (^!>r:it  linn.'.v,  witii 
levcn  guns  ;  and  (oon  aiter  inid  as  many 
tor  captain  Jukwritt,  \vl\en  he  got  ahiianl, 
to  give  us  the  moll  ncccllary  advice  imuern 
iiig  tlie  trade  wedi  ligned  to  drivL  tiicre.  At 
ten  he  relumed  alhorc,  being  again  I'aluted 
with  leveii  guns :  we  w.  nt  alhorc  alio  t>i 
compliment  till- king-,  .iiid  make  iiim  over- 
tures of  trade,  but  he  give  us  toundcrllanvl, 
he  expected  one  bar  oi  irc.;i  for  e.icli  Have, 
more  than /■.'(/■ic'.;/-,.'j  ii.ul  paid  tor  liis ;  and 
alio  obicCtcd  nnii  ii  agiinit  our  balons,  tan- 
kards, yellow  heads,  ,ind  Ibme  other  imi- 
(liandizc,  .isoI'litiL'  or  no  demand  ihcrc 
at  that  tinie. 

Tile  twenty  fixtii,  we  hada  lonlcrence 
with  tht;  king  and  principal  natives  of  the 
country,  about  tridc,  which  killed  from 
three  a-clock  till  night,  witiiout  any  ic'.'ult, 
they  infifling  to  have  thirteen  bars  ot  iron 
for  a  male,  and  ten  for  a  leniale  llave  i  ob- 
jecting that  they  were  now  fcarcc,  hecaul'e 
of  the  many  Ihips  that  had  exported  vail 
tiuantities  of  kite.  The  king  treated  us  at 
lujtper,  and  we  took  leave  of  liim. 

The  twenty  feventh  the  king  lent  for  a 
Inrrti  of  brandy  of  thiity  live  gallons,  at 
two  bars  ot  iron  /rr gallon  ;  at  ten  we  went 
alhore,  and  renewed  the  treaty  with  tlie 
B!iiii;,  but  coiKludcd  nothing  at  all,  tluy 
being  llill  of  tlie  fame  mind  ,is  beiore. 

The  twenty  eighth,  we  lint  our  [linnace 
lip  the  river  to  Diny,  for  provifions  and  re- 
lri.'lli:iniits',  that  village  being'about  iwcnty- 
li\e  miles  from  Hmi'is.  Tranfacieil  nothing 
with  liliiiks  of  ha>i(ly  all  this  day. 

The  twenty  ninth,  had  three  great  jars  ot 
pahu  oil,  and  l)eing  foul  weather,  did  not 
go  alhore. 
,^(  The  thirtieth,  being  afliorc,  had  .i  new 
,1  conference,  which  produced  nothing  •,  and 
clien  PclJicU,  (he  king's  brotlier,  made  us 
a  difcourte,  as  bom  the  king,  importing, 
He  ■was  firry  ivi'ivoiild  not  a^Ci'jt  of  hii  jio- 
fofah  1  that  it  lij.n  not  his  f unit,  he  h  r.in^^  a 
ff'ent  eficcm  and  ri'giirfl  for  //.)f  Whites,  liho 
had  much  enriched  him  I")  ti  ade.  That  u  hat 
he  fn  earmjily  infflcd  on  tlirtcenbars  for  male, 
and  teii  for  female  faves,  came  from  the  coun- 
try peo,  Ir  holding  up  the  price  of  flavcs  at  their 
inlami  markets,  feeing  fo  thany  large  Pn[%  re- 


fort  to  Bandy /or  them  ;  liit  to  moderatt  mat-  Bar  hot. 
ters,  and  encourage  trading  with  «r,  be  would  Vn^V^* 
he  contented  ivitb  thirteen  bars  for  males,  and 
nine  bars  iii:'f  :■:>/>  hrafi  rings  for  females,  Sic. 
t'pon  which  wc  oHered  thirteen  bars  formen, 
and  nine  for  women,  and  proportionably  for 
boys  and  girls, according  to  their  ages  ;  after 
this  we  [\irted, without  concluding  any  thing 
farther. 

On  tlie  firft  of  fnly,  the  king  fent  for  us 
to  come  .ifliore,  wc  llaid  there  till  four  in 
tlic  altcrnoon,  and  concluded  the  trade  on 
the  terms  ofl'ered  tlici  the  day  before  ;  the 
king  promifing  to  come  the  next  day  aboard 
to  ngulace  it,  and  be  paid  his  diitic';. 

\V  •  took  a  large  fh  irk,  which  was  given 
to  tiie  lU.iib  ofA'i/'  •')  to  feifl  on.  Our 
piniiai  <•  rerurned  at  niglu  frotn  D7;n', brought 
.1  fl  ive  for  ten  bars  i;f  iro;i  and  a  pint  tan- 
k.iidi  and  .1  cow  and  ,i  ca]',  whicii  coft  a 
hundred  ami  fifty  rings. 

The  lecond,  hc.ivy  rain  all  tk.e  moining. 
At  two  a-c!ock  we  I'ctch'd  tlie  king  from 
Ihore,  attended  by  all  his  Caboccno.  and 
oiKcers,  in  three  l.iigi'  canoes  ■,  and  en  r'ng 
the  Ih'p,  w.is  fal  it.d  with  iVven  guns,  'i'he 
king  h.id  .>n  an  old  f.illiion'd  ll.irh  t  coat, 
laccd  with  gold  and  lilver,  very  riilly,  and 
a  line  hat  on  his  Ixad,  but  b.ire-looted  -,  all 
his  attendants  IlKwing  great  refpei't  to  him  : 
and  fince  our  coming  hither,  none  of  the  na- 
tives have  dared  to  come  aboartl  ot  us,  or 
fell  the  lead  thing,  till  the  kint;  had  ad- 
julled  the  trade  with  u 
■    We  had    ^, 

king,  and  Pepircll  his  brother,  concerning 
the  rates  of  our  goods  and  his  culloms. 
This  Pepprell  being  a  (liarp  blade,  and  a 
mighty    talking  W/,(iV,  perpetually  making 


again  a  long  difcotirfe  with  the 


ny"()bi'eilions  againll  ronicthiiig  or  oiher,and 
te.i/iiig  Us  for  this  or  ihat  J),ijJ\,  or  pre- 
feiii,  .IS  well  .IS  lor  di..ms,  is'c.  it  were 
to  be  v/ifli'd,  that  fiuh  a  one  .is  he  were  out 
o!  the  way,  to  facilitate  trade. 

We  fill'd  them  with  dr.inis  of  brandy  and 
bowls  of  punch  till  night,  at  fuch  a  rate, 
tliuthcy  all,  Ining  .ibout  iourteen  with  the 
king,  had  Inch  loir.Ulamoiou,  tattling  and 
dilVunrlVs  amotigthemielves,  as  weich.irdly 
to  be  endured. 

Thus,  with  inu.h  patience,  ail  our  matters 
were  adjufled  indilllienily,  alter  their  way, 
who  are  not  very  fcrupulous  to  find  excufes 
or  objeftions,  lor  not  keeping  literally  to 
any  verbal  contr.ifl  •,  ior  they  have  not  the 
art  of  reading  and  wiiting,  and  therefore 
wc  are  forced  to  Hand  to  their  agreement, 
which  often  is  no  longer  than  they  think  fit 
to  hold  it  iheinlelvcs.  The  king  urder'd  the 
publick  cryer  to  proclaim  the  permifllon  of 
trade  with  us ;  with  the  noife  of  his  trum- 
pets, being  elephant's  teeth,  made  much 
after  the  lame  fafliion,  as  is  ufed  at  the  Goli 
Qalt,  w(,  paying  fixiein  brals  rings  to  the 

Fellow 


H 


(•;> 


i-'    I 


Iff" 


pfetiil!  i^l:^ 


!!■ 


H 


11-*!;; 


460 


j4  Voyage  to  New  Calaban 


Rarbot.  fellow  for  his  fie.  The  fl/rtfjtiobjefled  much 
^•^V^*  againft  our  wrought  pewter,   and  tankards, 
green  beds,  and  other  goods,  which  they 
would  not  iccept  of. 

We  gave  the  ufual  prcftius  to  the  Uing 
and  his  officers ;  that  is, 
Trrfntit)      To  the  king  a  hat,  a  tirelock,  and  nine 
:t'ihin£,    Jjunchcs  ol   bc.ids,  inlle.id  olaroat. 

To  captain   iorts,  the  king's    general, 
captain  PfpprelU  captain  Roilctjii,  alderman 
Iioug!li\,  my  lord  lllllyby,  <.]uke  o( Moiimotilh, 
drunken  iLm-j,  and  fome  others,  two  tin 
locks,  eight  hats,  nine  narrow  Guinea  iluHs. 
We  adjullcd  with  them  tiie  redudion  of 
our   merchandize  into  ba''s  of  iiun,  as  the 
ftandard  coin,  viz. 
rri.e,  ff       Onebunchof  beads,  one  bar.  Fourflrings 
goiiJi.        of  rings,  ten  rings  in  each,  OM  ditto,     four 
copper  bars,  one  diliv.    One  piece  of  narrow 
Giiiiu'ii  (full',  one  ili.'io.     One  piece  liro.id 
Hamborou^^h,  one  diUn.     One  piece  A'uawcs, 
three  ditio.     Brals  rings,  ditto. 

And  (0 1  to  I  iiiii,  for  every  otiicr  lijrt  of 
goods. 

The  price  of  provifions  and  wood  was  alfo 
regulated. 

Sixty  king's  yams,  one  bar  •,  one  hun- 
dred and  fixty  (laves  yams,  one  bar  •,  lor 
fifty  thoufand  yams  to  be  deliver'd  to  us. 
A  butt  of  water,  two  rings.  For  tiie 
length  of  wood,  feven  bars,  w  liicli  is  dear  •, 
but  they  were  to  deliver  it  ready  cut  into  our 
bo.it.  l-'or  a  goat,  one  bar.  A  cow,  ten  or 
eight  bars,  according  to  its  bignefs.  A  hog, 
two  bars.  A  calf,  eight  bars.  A  jar  of 
palm  oil  one  bar  and  a  cjuarter. 

We  paid  alio  tlic  king's  duties  in  goods  ; 
five  hundred  flaves,  to  be  purchafed  at,  two 
copper  rings, I  head. 

We  alfo  advanced  to  the  king,  by  w.iy 
of  loan,  the  value  of  a  hiintlretl  and  fiky 
bars  of  iron,  in  fjndry  goods ;  and  to  his 
principal  men,  and  others,  as  inuch  again, 
each  in  proportion  of  his  quality  and  .ibilicy. 
To  captain  /'br/),eighty  bars.  To  another, 
forty,     i'o  otliers,   twenty  each. 

This  we  did,  in  order  to  repair  forthwith 
to  tJie  inland  markets,  to  buy  yams  for 
greater  expedition;  they  employing  ufualiy 
nine  or  ten  days  in  each  journey  up  tlie 
country,  in  their  long  canoes  up  the  river. 
piferjirly  All  the  before  regulations  being  fo  made, 
fe»j'l.  the  flipper  was  ferved.  It  was  as  comical  as 
fiiocking,  to  obferve  thofe  people's  beha- 
viour at  :able,  both  king  and  fubjedts  making 
a  confufed  noifc,all  of  tljem  talking  together, 
and  emptying  the  diflies  as  foon  as  fet  down, 
every  one  filling  his  pockets  with  meat,  as 
well  as  his  belly  ;  elpeci.ally  of  hams  and 
neat's  tongues,  falling  on  all  together, 
without  regard  to  rank  or  manners,  as  they 
could  lay  their  hands  on  it. 

After  having  drank  and  eat  till  they  were 
ready  to  burft,  they  returned  afliore,  being 
again  faluted  with  fevcn  guns. 


On  the  third,  the  king  returned  aboard,  to 
fee  fome  famples  of  ail  our  goods,  as  lie. 
laid  ;.  but  it  was  only  a  pretence,  for  inltead 
of  that,  he  fell  a  drinking  and  eating  all  the 
while,  and  returned  to  town  with  his  com- 
pany, being  lalutcd  with  three  guns. 

The  fifth,  the  king  lent  aboard  tliiity 
flaves,  men  and  women  ;  of  wiiich  we  piek'd 
nineteen,  ,ind  returned  him  the  rell. 

Tiie  lixth,  the  king  came  aboard  with 
tour  Haves,  whicii,  with  the  nineteen  otliers 
of  the  day  before,  made  twenty  three,  for 
whicii  we  paid  him  two  hundred  and  forty 
fevtii  bars,  three ot  tlie  women  h.iviiig  caih 
a  child.  \Ve  allowed  him  lor  twenty  lour 
heads  111  fpeeie,  a  hundred  and  twelve  bai^, 
in  Riii:^of  ten  bars,  in  bculh  forty  fix  ba^^, 
111  copper  filly  one  bars,  .uid  in  G/(/;;Mllufls 
twenty  eight  bars. 

Thus  fioni  d.iy  to  d.iy,  liom  this  time  to 
the  twenty  ninth  ot  Ji/^kjI  Joiiowing,  ciUKr 
by  means  of  otir  armed  Hoop  making  leveral 
voyages  to  A' ■■;c'  Cu.'tiiur  town,  and  to  D,  ^!\ , 
to  purch.ile  flavin  .ind  proviliuns  i  and  by 
liic  contrai't  made  svitli  tiie  king,  and  iu> 
jKople  ot  Ji.uidi  town,  and  clixiimjacent 
trading  j-laces  •,  we  li.id  by  degrees  auoard 
fix  hundred  and  forty  eight  flaves,  of  all 
fexes  and  ages,  including  the  fixty  five  we 
had  purch.iled  .it  the  Gold  Coujt,  all  very 
frefli  and  found,  very  few  exceeding  lorty 
years  ot  age  •,  be  fides  provifions  ot  yams, 
goats,  hogs,  fowls,  wood  and  water,  and 
fome  cows  and  calves.  As  for  filli,  this 
river  did  not  alford  us  any  great  quantity, 
which  was  a  great  lols  to  us,  being  forced 
to  fiibfitt  the  ihip's  crew  with  frclh  meat 
from  kind,  at  a  great  charge,  it  being  he;\; 
pretty  dear,  and  molt  of  our  fait  meat  being 
fpeiit,  and  have  but  tor  three  months  nioic 
ot  fea-bifkei  left  m  the  bread-room.  .Several 
of  our  tailors  are  tormej'.ted  with  choliekj, 
and  fome  few  dead. 

On  the  thnteenth  of  'Jii.'y,  captain 
Edv'uidi  riding  at /)'rfW>' point,  in  order  to 
put  to  k\,  after  he  had  fold  us  an  aneiior  ot 
eleven  hundred  weight,  with  one  calk  ot 
beef,  I'ome  deals  and  tar,  t^c  we  fent  our 
two  mates  and  fix  men,  in  the  piiin.ite, 
aboard  him,  to  be  rightly  informed  of  the 
bar,  for  our  going  out  wlien  ready  loaded. 

Air.  John  Grazilhier'j  vo)a^e  from    B.uidy 
/?)Ncw  Calabar  m  Rio-Keal,  mour fijop. 

TH  F.  twenty  fecond  of  July,  I  failed  with 
a  little  cargo,  for  Calabar  town.  At 
fix  at  night  I  anchored  before  a  village  call'J 
Bandy,  fituated  in  the  north  north- well  part 
of  the  ifle  of  the  interlopers,  where  the 
Portugttefe  ufualiy  trade  for  flaves.  On  tlie 
twenty  third,  I  let  fail  with  the  tide  of  flood, 
and  about  twelve  at  night  came  to  anclior 
in  Ca/aW  river,  and  fired  a  pattarero,  but 
no  man  came  from  fliorc. 

The 


A  Voyage  to  New  Calabar. 


4^1 


cl  aboard,  to 
joods,  ai  lie 
,  tor  inlltaJ 
sating  all  the 
/ich  his  com- 
guns. 

board  tiiiity 
icli  we  pklvM 
;  rcil. 

aboard  with 
iietecii  others 
ty  three,  lor 
red  and  torty 
n  having  i\u  i\ 
•   twenty  lour 

I  twelve  bar>, 
lorty  fix  bars 

II  G/i(;.w  Hurts 

n  this  lime  lo 
owing,  euiier 
ii.iking  leveia) 
,  andtoi)iH\, 
ionb  i  and  by 
king,  and  lui 

eircumJAcent 
icgrees  aUuard 

llaves,  ot  all 
;  lixty  live  we 
loult,  all  very 
xeeeding  forty 
lions  ot  yams, 
id   water,  and 

for  tifli,  ihii 
jreat  quantity, 
being  torecd 
ith  trelh  meat 
;,  it  being  her.; 
lalt  meat  being 
:e  months  mure 

oom.     Sovcr.d 

with  chulickii, 

//i/y,     captain 
,  111  order  to 
an  anciior  oi 
one   ealk  or 
we  lent  our 
the  pinnate, 
formed  of  the 
eady  loaded. 

from    Bandy 

,  /;;  ourfijop, 

■ly,  I  failed  with 
.ir  town.  At 
a  village  call'd 
north- well  part 
rs,  where  the 
laves.  On  the 
le  tide  ol  flood, 
me  to  anclior 
pattarero,  but 

The 


e,j^  The  twenty  fourth  I  came  before  the  town 
full  'f  of  Calabar,  and  fired  three  guns,  to  falute 
(!»»"•  the  king  i  after  which,  I  made  him  the  ufual 
prefents  of  one  calk  of  brandy,  and  a  barrel 
of  powder,  with  a  hat:  to  the  duke  of  Afo«- 
tnoulb  a  hat  •,  to  the  duke  of  Tork  a  piece  of 
linen  cloth  i  and  to  captain  Jan  Alkmatrs 
another  piece :  thefe  lour  being  here  the 
principal  fl/rt4*j,  who  elaim  prefents,  before 
we  can  trade.  And  having  ad jufted  the  price 
offlavesand  of  our  merchandize,  I  prcfenteil 
them  alio  with  a  hat,  a  firelock,  and  a  coat. 
'I"hen  the  kingcaufed  the  permilTion  of  trade 
to  be  proclaimed  as  atfi(i«(/v,'c'(2.  Twelve  bars 
a  man,  nine  a  woman,  and  fix  a  boy  or  y,irl. 

The  twenty  fifth,I  got  fifteen  ilavcs  .iboard 
the  floop,  all  young  people. 

The  twenty  fixth.  This  morning  above 
forty  great  canoes  parted  I  •om  Cdl.ibar  up 
the  river,  to  purthale  flaves  inland.  At  noon 
I  fent  the  floop  back  to  Bantly,  to  deliver 
aboard  what  Haves  1  had  bought  here,  aiul 
llaid  afliore  at  tlie  town,  to  expect  her  re- 
turn with  goods,  to  carry  on  the  trade  here 
at  the  return  of  the  canoes  from  above. 

The  twenty  feventh.  I  leavy  rain  all  this 
day  :  about  nine  at  night  the  canoes  return'd 
with  a  great  number  of  Haves. 

The  twenty  eighth,  I  got  eight  fl.ives 
Were  our  lliip  here,  Ihe  would  get  ll.ives 
much  filler  than  at  B.dkI)  ;  the  Calabar 
Blacks  being  but  two  or  three  days  out  and 
home,  to  purchafe  them  at  inland  markets : 
whereas  the  Biiiuls  people, lying  much  lower, 
by  the  fea-fide,  are  eight  or  ten  d.iys  out 
and  home,  to  get  them  down. 

The  twenty  ninth,  the  Hoop  arrived,  and 
immediately  I  went  back  to  the  ihiji  at  Bandy 
towards  night,  with  forty  tour  flaves  ;  iiot- 
withltanding  it  rained  all  the  day  and  this 
night. 

The  thirtieth,!  came  to  Ryfo  point,  diftant 
five  le.igues  from  Calabar,  north  and  fouth. 

The  thirty  firlt,  early  I  filled,  the  wind 
at  well  fouth-wcll,  and  ..rriveil  abo.ird  the 
Ihip,  at  Ba>i(l\,  about  ten.  To  avoid  ihe 
banks  which  lie  north  of  this  point,  we 
lUer'd  call  for  h.ilf  a  league,  anil  afterwards 
north-eall,  coalling  the  breaking  of  the  lea 
to  windward,  in  three,  and  two  lathom  and 
a  half  at  low  water,  to  the  interloixrs 
iiland  ;  where  we  were  careful  to  avoid  a 
bank  running  out  thence  about  a  league. 
In  our  courle  to  the  point  of  Bamly,  and 
from  it  to  the  town,  is  ten  fathom  deep  all 
along. 

The  fame  night  I  returned  to  Calabar 
in  the  floop,  with  a  frefh  cargo,  taking 
Mr.  Barhot  with  me  •,  and  arrived  there 
the  firlt  ol'/lu^ujl  at  night. 

The  fecond  of  Aitgiijl,  we  got  forty  tlir  w 
fiaves,  and  the  fame  night  v^ent  tor  Bandy, 
leaving  Mr.  Barbol  at  Calabar  to  trade  j 
lodging  his  goods  in  king  Robct'i  houfe. 

Vol.  V. 


The  third,  I  arrived  aboard.  Birhot. 

The  fourth,  early  I  returned  to  Calabart  ''■^V^^. 
in  company  of  a  Purtugiiefe  fhip,  and  ar- 
rived there  at  night.  Mr.  Barbol  had  thirty 
(laves  reatly,  which  I  took  in,  and  failed 
immediately  to  Bandy  on  the  fifth  early. 
The  Poitui^tiefe  fliii)anchor*d  before  Calabar. 

Thus  we  navigated  the  floop  to  and  fro, 
from  Bands  to  Calabar,  till  we  had  our  com- 
pliment ot  flaves.  At  tome  trips,  when  the 
winds  were  contrary,  and  too  high,  we 
fteer'd  our  courle  from  Band'^  to  Calabar 
through  the  ch.innel  betwixt  the  long  narrow 
ifland  that  lies  to  wellward  of  the  road, 
where  tlierc  are  tome  cottages  of  filhermen, 
who  otten  brought  us  filh  aboard  fliip.  On 
the  north  fideot  this  channel  Hands  a  timber 
building,  which  is  fcen  as  far  oft"  as  the 
fliorc  there.  The  brtbrementioned  ifland  is 
much  higher  than  anv  lands.  This  building 
is  like  ,1  b.irn  at  a  dillance  v  and  about  ii, 
not  very  l.ir,  are  lome  hamlets  for  fillur- 
men.  Mr. /),(■//«/ lays,  he  once  w.is  in  ih.it 
barn,  and  oblervedth.re  twenty  live  or  thirty 
cleph.iiil's  heads  dried,  let  up  all  round  the 
houfe  on  boards,  which  are  the  idols  of  the 
country,  the  Htacki  reforting  thiiher  to  pay 
their  religious  worfliip. 

In  the  interval,  laiih  GraziJju-r,  I  made 
fome  voyages  to  Dony,  as  did  Mr.  Barlwt, 
in  our  long-boat  •,  .u  the  fecond  of  which, 
on  the  eiglitli  we  came  at  night  to  Doiiy,  and 
caufed  my  goods  to  be  carried  to  the  king's 
houfe,  being  a  man  about  forty  Wvs  years  of 
age.  On  the  ninth  I  got  three  n.ives,  three 
cows,  and  one  goat,  all  tor  fifty  feven  bars, 
the  cows  at  eight  bars  a-piece,  and  re- 
turned aboard  •,  but  bv  re.ifon  of  the  bad 
weather,  could  not  reach  B.:i:Jyu\\  the  tenth, 
in  the  morning,  when  Mr.  Barlnt  arrived 
alio,  a  little  before  me,  in  the  Hoop,  from 
Calabar,  with  thirty  (even  flaves. 

Df.SCRIPTION    rf  C'ALAn.AR, 

'T'  II  \\  town  is  feated  in  a  marfliy  ifland,  nubot.' 
*  often  uverflowM  by  the  river,  the  \va- )■""■""'• 
ter  running  evi  n  between  the  houli's,  where- 
of there  are  about  three  hundred  in  a  difor- 
derly  heap.  The  king's  is  pretty  high  and 
airy,  which  was  fome  comfort  to  me,  during 
the  time  I  llaid  there. 

The  l.ind  about  the  town  being  very  bar- jjj^|.[,^jyj 
ren,  the  inhaoitants  fetch  all  their  fubfillcnce  Blacks, 
from  the  country  lying  to  the  northward  of 
them,  called  \.\\ii  Hackhous  Blacki,  a  people 
much  additled  to  war  and  [Jieying  on  their 
neighbours  to  the  northward,  and  are  them- 
felves  lully  tall  men. 

Intheir  territories  therearc  two  market-days ,.  , 
every  week,  tor  flaves  and  provifions,  which 
the  Calabar  BLhks  keep  very  regularly,  to 
fupply  themlelves  both  with  provifions  and 
flaves,  palm-oil,  palm-wine,  i^c,  there  be- 
ing great  plenty  of  the  lart. 

6  B  King 


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462 


/^  Voyage  ro  New  Calabar. 


PARHor      King  Robert  is  a  gootl  civil  man,  alioul 

^ii^V^'  thirty  yiars  of  aj^e. 

•iinkini,       j.'vfry  ivcning  liicy  club  togcthci  :.t  one 

lymklng.  another's  houli:.s,  byiiirns-,  providinp  two 

or  ilircc  jugs  ot  palnvwini-,    each  ot  tlifin 

containing    twelve    or    fifteen  gallons,    to 

make  merry  ;  each  pcrfon,  man  anJ  woman, 

bringing;    their  own  ifool  to  fit  on.     They 

fit  rp'Mul  and  ihink  to  one  another  out  of 

ox's  iiorns,    well  ix)lilheil,    which    hold  a 

quart  or  more,   finging  and  roaring  all  the 

while  till  the  liquor  is  out. 

Ditt.  Their  common  food  is  yams  boilVI  with 

filhand  palm-oil,  which  they  reckon  dainty 

fare. 

Wiiilft  I  was  at  the  town,  they  fliow'd  me 
a  confiderable  quantity  of  elephant's  tecih, 
very   large,   but  fo  very  ilear,  die;   .vould 
have  tr'u'd  to  no  account  in  Euro/r. 
iJsli.  I'.very  houfe  is  lull  of  idols,  as  well  asihe 

flreets  ot  the  town.  They  call  [jiem  7«."- 
JoK,  beir,"  '.1  the  nature  of  tutelar  jjckIs. 
Many  of  them  are  ilried  heads  of  be.ills, 
others  made  by  the  Ii/,hL>  of  clay  and  paint- 
ed, which  they  worlhip  and  make  thi  ir  ol- 
ferin;;s  to. 
S'Urijiit.  Ik-lore  the  king  goes  abo.ird  a  lliipnewly 
come  in,  he  repairs  to  his  iilol  huule,  with 
drums  bea  ing,  and  trumpets  lounding,  all 
Iiis  atiendants  bare-headed.  There  he  makes 
abundance  of  bows  to  thofe  puppets,  beg- 
ging of  them  to  make  his  voyage  prolpe- 
rous ;  and  then  liicrifices  a  hen,  which,  is 
tied  alive  by  one  leg  to  the  end  of  a  long 
pole,  and  has  a  brafs  ring  on  the  other 
leg,  leaving  the  poor  creature  in  that  con- 
dition till  it  ftarves  to  death. 

I'.very  time  their  fmall  licet  of  canoes 
goes  up  for  flaves,  and  when  they  return, 
they  blow  their  horns  or  trumpets  (or  joy  ; 
and  the  king  never  fails,  at  botii  thole  times, 
to  [)ay  hi;  devotions  to  his  idols,  (or  their 
good  luccefs  and  a  fliort  voyage. 

The  Iihiiiins  of  Virginia  every  time  they 
return  home  from  hunting  or  filhing,  ofl'er 
facrifices  of"  blood,  hearts  and  tobacco,  on 
altars  creifled  in  the  fields. 

The  Blacks  here  are  generally  inhuman, 
treacherous,  very  thicvilh,  and  talle  to  the 
moll  lokinn  engagements.  I  could  ob- 
fcrve  no  curiofitics  there,  but  only  I'ome 
fliells  I  brought  to  London  with  me,  ami 
their  weapons,  madcby  theZ/rti/tiow  Btadiy 
and  luth  other  things  which  I  have  repre- 
Plati  ifi.  Tented  in  the  cut  here  annexed. 

There  is  a  prodigious  numlier  of  monkeys 
and  apes  about  Calabar,  but  not  handlbme. 
They  have  alfo  blue  parrots.  The  natives 
give  three  or  four  monkeys  for  an  old  hat  or 
coat,  taking  much  pride  to  drefs  themfclves 
in  our  failors  old  rags. 

Description  of  Dony. 
QN  the  twenty  fourth  of  7«/y  I  went   to 
^^  I>w;),diItanubout  twenty  five  miles  from 


Barbm'j 
journal. 


Bandy  road,  along  the  river,  in  the  long- 
boat,  and  arrived  there  at  tour  in  the  after- 
noon. The  king  being  then  gone  to  Bamh- 
pnintwith  lome  llaves,  to  li-ll  to  our  p-opic 
aboard,  I  llaiil  tor  his  return,  and  cmploy'd  my 
time  in  walking  .diout  the  town  ;and  ohftrveil 
the  country  .ibout  it  to  b^-  all  overtlowed, 
being  a  low  Cw.unpy  ground,  cut  in  man  * 
places,  with  ("mail  rivers  running  into  tin: 
great  one  of  /'".'y. 

It  has  plenty  of  cattle,  hogs  and  goats, 
and  a  prmligious  quantiiy  of  palm-wme, 
which  is  their  uCual  drink,  The  cattle  is 
liiiall,  eljiecially  cows. 

I  lay  that  night  in  the  king's  houle,  near;;,/, 
his  idol-hoiile,  wl.iihthey  call  yo/r-^';/',  and  '  " 
are  ke()t  there  in  a  large  prels,  tullof  the 
(kuils  of  their  eneiniis  killetl  in  w.ir,  and 
others  of  bealls;  belides  a  ciu.iiuity  oflui- 
ni.in  bones  ami  other  tialh,  lume  of  tlieni 
moulded  with  ( lay,  and  pain'ecl  as  at  Gali- 
b.ir.  They  arc  to  fuperlUtioutly  bigotteil, 
that  any  perlun  wh.iti.v,r,  who  oilers  to 
touch  any  of  iliofj  things  \vi;ii  his  hand,  is 
lure  to  be  leveuly  punilhed,  and  in  liaiiKcr 
of  his  life. 

Belides  thofe  idols,  they  worflfip  bulls, 
and  a  large  lort  ot  li/ards,  calleil  (/om/y; 
in  the  I'rcncb  Carilbic  illands,  as  their  prime 
gods  i  and  it  is  not  Ids  tiian  death  to  kill 
tiiem. 

Moll  of  thefe5/i;r(i  arecircnmcilld,  and 
fliow  great  reverence  to  their  priefts  or  Ma- 
ral'oiis;  and  whenfoevcr  they  kill  any  be-alls 
for  their  own  eating,  they  referve  the  en- 
trails lor  their  iilol  goiis.  whi.h  they  lay  on 
the  little  altars  creeled  in  many  pl.ices  to 
their  honour. 

On  the  twenty  fourth  tiie  king  returned 
home,  and  obliged  me  not  to  go  away  till 
next  day,  to  give  time  to  the  p>:ople  to 
bring  down  their  cattle  from  the  country, 
it  being  the  chiet  occalion  of  my  voyage 
to  get  tome  tliere :  yet  the  next  day  1 
could  get  but  th.-ee  cows  -'"d  three  goats, 
the  former  at  eight  bars  a-picce.  About 
noon,  on  the  twenty  fifth,  I  tailed  tor  Bandy 
with  thetc  cattle. 

The  king  oi  Dony  is  a  very  good-natur'drA<;;«, 
civil  man,  Ijjcaks  Portugu,']?,  and  feems  to 
have  been  intfrudeel  by  R-imi/bimelh,  who 
are  tent  over  trom  time  to  time,  troni  Si. 
'■lome  and  Brazil.  I'he  tirll  time  he  came 
aboard  our  fliip,  which  was  on  the  feventh 
of  July,  we  prcfented  him  with  a  hat  and 
a  firelock  1  he  invited  us  to  trafHck  at  his 
town,  and  we  promifeil  to  tend  now  and 
then  tome  of  our  goods  thither. 

jfoljH  Grazilbier's  voyage  to  Dony  in  1 704.] 
Mr.  Grazilbier  told  me  he  w.is  once  hunt- 
ing of  elephants  at  Dony,  in  the  moon-/hinc, 
with  the  king,  and  above  an  hundred  5/rtf*j, 
armed  with  mufkets,  cutlaccs,  lances  and 
faws,  yc.  They  faw  feveral  elephants  come 
near  them  about  eleven  at  night,  who  were 

going 


in  the  long- 
r  in  the  atter- 
sne  to  Bandy- 

0  our  psople 
cmploy'iimy 
landobfcrvcil 

ovortlowal, 

cut  in  many 

ning  into  the 

;s  and  go.its, 

1  pahn-winc. 
The  cattle  is 

'shoull',  near;;,; 
Joti-Jui',  and 
ts,  lull  of  the 
I  in  war,  aiul 
i.iiitity  ot  lui- 
ume  ot  tlitni 
cd  asat  C"rt/.7- 
villy  liigottod, 
wlu)  oIIl'it.  to 
\\  ins  hand,  is 
and  in  danger 

.vorfliip  bulls, 

calK'd  (wniirri 

as  their  prime 

death  to   kill 


m 


cuincikd,  and 
pricfts  or  Ma- 
kill  any  be-alh 
elcrvt  the  cn- 
. h  thiy  lay  on 
lany  plates  lo 

dng  returned 
<^o  away  till 
tlu'  p>:oplc  10 
the  country, 
luy  voyage 
next  day  1 
id  ilirce  goats, 
licce.  About 
lied  tor  Bai:Jj 

good-natur'dttii;-. 

and  feems  to 

fl'  priells,  who 

inie,  from  i'/. 

time  he  came 
in  the  ievcnth 

ith  a  hat  and 
traffick  at  his 
lend  now  and 
ler. 

Do«)in  1704.] 
w.is  once  h  unt- 
ie iTioon-lhinc, 
undred  Blitcks, 
ts,  lances  and 

•Jcphants  come 
ght,  who  we're 


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A  NKW  t'()J{Tji«APl 

vd'AarlyraH'tl  CALAliA]]  m.  Pordi 
of  GUINT:A  about  ir,iromicBHMO 


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(APPoLCAI/n  AR   Rl\  Kl( 

t.Porfusiu-J>  I\l()  llK.AJ..Aiul  alfo  oI'vCoall 
IrMOS.\  to  ])()NY    HIVE  II.  ' 


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of. 
to 


A  Voyage  to  New  Calabar. 


4^5 


llilhiili 


going  to  the  river  to  drinl<,  fome  of  tlk'tn 
were  monftrous  tall  and  large-,  but  die 
J^egroes  tlurft  not  attack  any,  thole  animals 
making  furh  a  dreadful  noife,  that  he  was 
frighted  at  it. 

When  the  Bhicks  happen  to  kill  an  ele- 
phant, they  cut  him  in  pieces,  and  divide 
tlie  llefh  among  all  the  town's-people,  who 
approve  ot  it  as  good  food,  and  have  a  na- 
tural hatred  tor  this  bulky  creature  ;  which 
does  thorn  much  mifchicf,  Ibmetimtscntring 
thi'ir  villages,  and  overturning  twenty  or 
tlurty  houles,  and  killing  all  luch  of  the  in- 
habit '.nts  as  are  not  nimble  enough  to  make 
their  cfcape  betimes. 

The  river  i^i Bandy  fallb  into  that  of  Dony  : 
the  mouth  of  this  latter  being  to  the  ibuth- 
ward  of  the  town,  dilcharging  it  lUf  into 
the  great  ocean.  This  town  is  divided  into 
three  parcrjs. 

I'hc  town  oi' Great  Baufly  is  featcd  in  a  little 
ifland,  much  as  tluit  of  Calabar,  being  a 
marfliy  I'wampy  ground,  and  fomewhat 
larger,  but  like  it  in  buildings,  and  the  in- 
habitants of  the  fane  manir.is,  temper  aiul 
religion,  l"o  diat  it  will  be  nc^dicfs  to  fay 
more  of  them  ■,  but  I  proceed  to  fome  general 
oblervations  concerning  the  river  of  Ncio 
Calabar,  and  tlic  trade  there. 

iiKt'thi     V'hilrt  we  wcrt.'  by  degrees  taking  in  our 

fi-.irHi.';) compliment  of  flaves  at  Gr.at  Ban,!)',  our 
mates,  with  the  affillancc  and  advice  as  well 
of  captain  Kdii-ards,  and  the  Portiigiicfe 
mafter  that  lay  tiiert  by  us  for  a  time,  as  of 
fome  of  the  moll  experienced  native  pilots 
of  Bandy  town,  employed  fevcral  days  in 
our  pinnace  and  canoes,  to  found  the  chan- 
nels, and  depths  ot  the  bar  and  banks,  that 
lie  athwart  the  ri\-er's  mouth,  betwixt  Foko 
and  .§(;«(.')-point  i  with  all  neceffary  exaft- 
nets  and  caution  ;  and  drew  a  map  th.-rcol, 
and  of  the  rivers  ot  AVw  Caiibar  and  Duin, 

,.,,1  ;.  wliich  is  here  annexed,  for  the  benefit  ot' 
fea-firirig  men  trading  thither. 

,,:,  .  It  is  cullomary  here  tor  tlu  king  of  ^..v.v/y 
to  treat  the  officers  of  ev'.ry  trading  (liip, 
at  their  fii  II  coming,  and  liie  ofliccrs  return 
tlie  treat  to  the  king,  lome  ilays  before  they 
have  their  complinu-nt  of  flaves  and  yams 
aboard.  Accordingly,  on  the  twelfth  of 
j'lii^i^ujl,  wc  treated  the  king,  and  his  prin- 
cijial  officers,  with  a  goat,  a  hog,  and  a 
barrel  ot  punch  ;  and  that  is  an  advcrtil'emcnt 
to  the  Blackt  alhore,  to  pay  in  to  us  what 
they  owe  us,  or  to  furni/h  with  all  fpeed, 
•what  flaves  and  yams  they  have  contraded 
to  lup]dy  us  with,  elfe  the  king  compels 
them  to  it.  At  that  time  alfo  fuch  of  the 
natives  as  have  received  from  us  a  prefent, 
life  to  jirefent  us,  each  with  a  boy  or  girl- 
(lave  in  requital.  According  to  this cuftom 
we  treated  the  Blacks  alhore  on  the  fifteenth 
oiJngnJt,  and  invited  i\\l  Portiisiiefim:itt.ci 
to  it,  as  alfu the /i/<jfi  ladies;  thcking  lend- 


ing us  his  mufick,  to  the  noife  of  which  we  Baudot. 
had  a  long  diverfion  of  dances  and  Iporcs  S^V^ 
of  both  fcxes,  Ibme  not  unpleafing  to  be* 
hold. 

On  the  eighteenth,  being  fair  we  :ther, 
wc  fent  the  floop  to  look  for  an  an  hor, 
which  captain  Edwareh  had  left  behind,  near 
the  bar,  at  his  going  out,  his  cable  having 
broke  ;  and  at  the  fame  time  to  found  the 
fkirts  of  the  bar,  and  fet  marks. 

On  the  nineteenth,  towards  night,  the 
floop  returned,  not  being  able  to  find  Ed- 
Kardi's  anchor,  but  found  a  channel  pretty 
wide,  th.it  runs  fouth-ealf,  where  there  is  no 
lets  than  three  fatliom,  and  three  and  a  half 
at  low  water,  and  not  above  two  foot  of 
fill  i  which  rejoiced  us  very  much,  being 
near  tlie  time  of  our  departure. 

On  the  twenty  fecond,  we  let  fly  our  co- 
lours, and  fired  a  gun,  for  a  fignal  to  the 
Black.',  of  our  being  nearienly  to  fail,  and 
to  halten  aboard  with  the  relt  of  the  flaves, 
and  quantity  of  yams  contracted  lor. 

On  t!vj  twenty  fixth,  cmKin  a  Zealand  in- 
terlo[)er  of  fixteen  guns  and  forty  men,  in 
two  d.;ys  iVoin  Princess  ifland  lad,  with  a 
weft  Ibuth-wcfl:  and  fouth-wefl  by  weft 
wind  -,  and  from  Zealand  in  March  before, 
having  traded  at  the /:•<;' v,  and  Gold  Coajt, 
and  thence  gone  to  St.  Tome  to  fet  his  eftefts 
there  afhore  in  truft,  came  hither  to  look 
for  teeth ;  and  thence,  was  af'erwards  to 
proceed  to  traffick  along  the  coaft  of  Gabon, 
Cargo,  and  ylr.gola,  tor  more  elephant's 
teeth. 

Wc  got  an  anchor  of  about  eleven  hun- 
dred weight  of  him,  for  our  floop,  with 
her  marts,  tack-fiils,  ci'..  A  high  extortion, 
if  ever  any  was;  for  we  could  liave  got  tour 
hundred  pieces  of  tight  for  the  floop  at 
>':.To>/:c:  but  neccfllty  forced  us  to  comply 
to  to  h.ird  a  bargain,  in  the  condition  we. 
were  reduceti  to,  having  but  one  only  fmall 
anchor  left  us  in  lb  tall  and  rich  a  lliip. 
And  accordingly,  on  the  twenty  eighth  we 
exihangeil  the  floop  lor  the  anchor,  with 
the  Zial.iiidcr,  and  at  lix  in  the  evening  we 
failed  from  AVwi/)  with  the  tide  ot' ebb,  and 
a  fouth  well  wind,  tacking  and  working  the 
fliip  down,  keeping  conftantly  near  the  Ihore 
of  /i,;;;i.^-point,  to  avoid  the  banks  that  lie 
weft  ol  it,  on  which  are  fome  rocks ;  and 
at  ten  at  night  we  dropped  anchor  within 
the  laid  point,  iii  nine  fathom  water,  having 
yy-fi-point  weft  bv  north  of  us,  and  that  of 
Bar.dy  at  north-eaft,  about  half  a  league 
from  land,  anti  two  F.ngliJ/'j  miles  from  the 
breakings  ot  the  ih\,  through  which  are  fe- 
ver.il  palfiges  of  channels.  The  channel  at  {'''■''''''''»« 
ibuth-wcft  and  north-eaft  of  i5(7«^v-point  y"" /"''•»!• 
found,  there  being  filteen  to  fixteen  foot  at 
low  water  ;  but  biing  vry  narrow,  it  can- 
not be  well  failed  through,  unlefs  with  a 
land  wind  ;  and  at  ;his  time  of  the  year  fucli 


iV- 


m 


^iit 


lif 


%:.  1 


'  >;-:M''' 


mim 


^'  ]:.iUiJillf' 


.'(i ' 


I 


4^4 


A  Voyage  to  New  Calabar. 


il^' 


.'(',.  r.!/ 


1  ■jii^i-'  'i' 


'.I  ■'!; 


■!  '' 


Carbot  are  very  rar-.    Wherefore  wc  refolvcd  to 

^^*^^  get  out   the  next  day  through   the  channel 

fcliat  ftretches  to  foiith-ealt  ;  which  is  wide, 

and  much   more  cafy   to  fail  in  with   the 

Ibuth-wclt  wincinow  reigning. 

On  ilie  twenty  ninth,  at  break  of  day,  we 
fet  fail,  tlie  weatlier  fair,  and  little  wincl  from 
Ibuth-wclt,  we  tack'd  three  or  four  times 
with  tiie  ebb.  At  feven  in  the  morning  we 
came  nc.ir  to  the  breaking,  tiic  point  of 
Ba\td^  then  being  at  north  north-eaft,  about 
a  mile  from  us;  a. id  Voko  point  well 
north-well,  founding  fij;,  five,  (our  and  a 
liilt,  tiien  thrf  and  four  and  .1  halt  ;  fous 
three  and  a  half,  and  three  fathom  and  three 
quarters.  Having  brought  5,u;./)-point  to 
north  by  call,  we  got  three  and  a  quarter, 
tlirte  and  tiiree  quarters,  and  three  fathom 
on  the  fkiri:s  of  tiie  bar;  Foi:o-point  being 
at  well  north-welt,  and  fi,(;;.A -point  nortli 
bycalt,  halt  eaft,  we  found  four,  and  then 
li\e  (athom  water. 

It  is  to  be  obferved,  that  tiiere  are  two 
higii  grounds  or  bars  to  pafs  over  ;  the  firll 
is  betwixt  two  llioalsof  a  breaking  fea, where, 
wii.'n  you  liave  got /i.(////y-point  at  nortli- 
e.ift,  and  7b('a-point  welt  nortii-welt,  there 
is  no  d.\ngeratall  to  range  the  banks  of  tlie 
fouih-weil  very  clofe,  tlie  better  to  make 
liire  tiie  channel ;  which  alfo  is  the  deepeft, 
for  there  you  liavefour,  four  and  a  half,  and 
five  f ithom.  Coafting  along  the  faid  bank  for 
fo:ne  time,  and  having  got  the  fir. ':  aboard, 
ftee.ing  fouth  fouth-ealt  for  a  wh'lc,  to  wea- 
ther the  breaking  fca  at  larboard  ;  and  then 
jirocieiiing  to  the  fouth-eaft  by  fouth,  until 
you  bring  fiij«i/v-point  to  bear  north  ;  then, 
in  a  very  lliort  time  you'll  get  three  and  a 
half,  three  and  a  quarter,  three,  three 
and  a  lialf,  three  and  a  quarter,  three  and 
three  quarters, tfi".  tor  a  mile's  courfe.  And 
when  Z?.!;;(/v-point  bears  north,  fomewhat 
well,  you  are  palt  the  dangers,  and  may 
boldly  ileer  loutii  by  call  for  a  time  ;  for  lo 
then  you'll  come  on  three  and  a  half,  three 
anti  three  quarters,  and  fomewhat  farther 
four,  fivi',  fix,  and  feven  fathom. 

By  this  courfe  it  is  eafy  enoufrh  to  carry  a 
fliio  out  or  into  this  river. 

1')  carry  a  lliip  in,  as  coming  from  Foho- 
point,  on  five  and  four  fathom  and  a  half,  at 
call  md  eall  by  fouth  ;  and  having  brought 
2i((;;c/\ -point  to  bear  north,  and  /•oAn-point 
to  wlII  north-weft  in  tour  fathom,  if  you 
have  an  ebb,  you  mull  anchor,  if  the  fliip 
draw  above  ten  foot  water:  and  at  the  be- 
ginning of  flood  fail  again,  fteering  to  north 
north-welt,  which  carries  you  direiftly  be- 
twixt the  two  banks,  ranging  tnat  wiiich 
lies  at  weft  ;  the  bottom  there  being  level, 
flat,  hard  find. 

We  were  alTurcd  here  by  the  natives,  they 
had  never  leen  fo  tall  a  Iliip,  drawing  near 
fil'teen  loot  water,  get  into  their  river :  and 


really  it  is  almoft  a  miracle  we  efcaped  ta 
well,  and  fo  narrowly  at  our  going  in,  as 
has  been  obferved  before. 

Mr.  GrazH/jier,  who,  fince  his  voyage  in 
the  /ilbion  frigat,  has  made  three  more  thi- 
ther, commamler  of  h>iglijh  and  Dnic/j  Ihips, 
afTur'd  me  at  Southumplon,  in  1705,  that 
the  DuUf.i  then  made  nothing  of  fetchint; 
il  ives  from  Ca'.aUar,  with  fhips  of  three  or 
fiiur  hundretl  tuns  burilen,  that  nation  hav- 
ing now  the  greatell  tn;  le  there  of  any  Eu- 
ro^rrtwj,  .IS  well  forfl.ives  as  for  elephants 
teeth  ;  and  that  by  the  knowledge  he  has 
acquir'd,  by  often  tailing  to  new  C.i'.ahar 
river,  he  will  carry  in  a  Iliip  of  fix  hundred 
tuns,  without  any  ilanger,  having  found  a 
pafiage  of  between  tour  and  a  IvJf  and  five 
fathom  at  the  lowett  water. 

In  O't'ih,)- 1 700,  he  fail'tl  from  the  Doicns 
dirediy  to  this  river,  in  two  months  time, 
in  a  little  Eii^hjh  fli^i,  where  he  purchas'd 
two  hundred  "tlaves  at  twenty  four  andtwenty  f'W.v,  ^ 
fix  bars  a  man,  and  proportionably  for  a^'-*"-'' 
woman,  becauli:  of  ilie  gre.ic  number  of 
fliips,  fometimes  tin,  or  more  together,  that 
were  then  tralli^^;,  which  quite  drain'd  the 
upper  market , ;  anil  arrivM  at  Baibadoa  in 
April  following.  He  has  fince  made  feveral 
voyages  in  the  lervice  of  the  DtiUh,  bein'r 
of  late  marry'dand  fettled  in  llollaml. 

In  1703,  or  1704,  the  price  of  (laves  at 
Calabar  was  twelve  bars  a  man,  and  nine  ,1 
woman. 

The  flaves  got  there,  fiys  he,  are  gene- 
rally pretty  tall  men,  bu:  wafliy  and  faint,  by 
reafcii  of  their  ill  food,  wiiich  is  yams  at  beft, 
and  other  fuch  forry  provifions.  A  very 
confiderable  number  of  them  is  exported 
yearly  from  that  river,  by  the  Europeans ; 
he  liaving,  as  has  been  laid  above,  leen  there 
ten  (l)ips  at  a  time,  loading  P.aves,  which 
is  the  re.ilon  the  price  of  clicm  varies  lb 
nuiih,  being  double  Ibine  years  to  what  ic 
is  others,  anording  to  the  demand  there  is 
of  them;  tlu'n.uives  being  earning  enough 
to  enhanic  the  price  upon  f.ich  occalions. 
He  computes  there  are  alfo  exported  from 
thence  yearly,  from  thirty  to  forty  tuns  of 
elephants  teeth,  all  very  fine  and  large, 
nioft  by  DiiUb  ftiii's. 

The  moft  current  goods  to  purchale  flavescw,/,  ,„. 
at  New  Calabar,  in  1704,  were  iron  bars, ffcJ 
copper  bars,  of  which  two  forts,  a  great  ""• 
quantity,    cfiiecially   of  the  iron  ;  rangoes, 
tjeads    gc  ^sberry-colour,  large  and   fmall, 
Indian  ni^anecs,    little  brals    bells,   three- 
pound  copper    batons,    and   Ibme  of   two 
pounds;  Guinea  ItuiTs,  ox-horns  for  drink- 
ing cups,  pewter  tankards  great  and  fmall ; 
blue  linnen,  blue  long  beads,  or  pearls,  fpi- 
rlts,  blue  perpets  a  few. 

Mr.  Grazilbier  told  me  farther,  that  in 
the  months  of  7"6'»  ^"S>"J^'>  ^'iSeiUmbcr^ 
he  oblerv'd  the  breaking  of  thefeadid  nfe, 

and 


?  I 


!:i   4 


A  Voyage  to  New  Calabar. 


4(J? 


;  efcapcd  io 
going  in,  as 

lis  voyage  in 
ce  more  thi- 

Diiicb  Ihips, 

1705,  tliat 

of  retelling 
3  of  three  or 
:  nation  hav- 
e  of  any  Eu- 
or  elephants 
leilge  he  has 
lew  C.dahar 

fix  iiundrcd 
■ing  found  ,1 

h.ih'and  five 

m  tlie  Dozen; 
iionths  lime, 
he  purclias'd 
i"irandtwiiity/'';.vi  ^ 
on.ibly  fur  a /'•'■'''■ 
:  nunilxr   of 
ogether,  that 
c  lirain'tl  the 
[  Barb.idoifi  in 
■  made  feveral 
Dutch,  being 
UoUaml. 
;c  of  Haves  at 
1,  and  nine  .1 


|he,  are  gene- 

and  faint,  by 

ams  a:  belt, 

s.     A  very 

is  exported 

Europeans ; 

e,  Icen  tlicrc 

ives,  wiiicii 

lem  varies  fo 

s  to  what  it 

and  there  is 

ning  enough 

h  occafions. 

xported  from 

orty  tuns  of 

and  large. 


fi 


lurdiafe  flavescwA  in- 
ere  iron  bars,/"'"'' 
forts,  a  great''""- 

n  •,  rangoes, 
e  and  fmall, 

bells,  three- 
bme  of  two 

ns  for  drink- 
it  and  fmall  ■, 
or  pearls,  fpi- 

•thcr,  that  in 
nd  Se/ttmbcr, 
lefeadid  rife, 
and 


and  pitcli  from  filteen  to  twenty  foot  high, 
all  about  the  mouth  of  Nc-.u  Cal'ihur  river, 
and  without  it,  over  the  b.iiiks  of  the  bar-, 
which  is  a  good  mark  to  all  liich  fhips  as  de- 
fign  to  enter  it,  being  fo  lliown  the  danger. 
But  it  is  quite  otherwife  during  the  follow- 
ing fix  months  of  Odober,  Noveinbcr,  l£c. 
when  the  bar  is  cove.-M  with  fevt  n,  eight,  and 
nine  foot  wattT,    and    no  breaking   fecn  ; 
wherefore  the  more  caution  mufl:  be  us'd  in 
failing  in.    W:  aildiil,  that  in  the  months  of 
y/w^tt// and  Sr/ti'mLr,  a  m.in  may  get  in  his 
compliment  of  Haves  much  looner  than  lie 
can  have  the  necilfiry  ()u.intiiy  of  yams,  to 
fubfilt    them.     But  a  Ihip    k)adiiig    fl  ives 
there  in  Januan,  Ichruaiy,  6^<.  when  yams 
arc  very  plentiful,  the  firli  thing  to  be  done, 
is  to  take  them  in,  and  afterwards  the  fl.ives. 
A  fhip  that  takes  in  five  lumiired  llavts, 
Iiw       "'""■  provi  le    above  a   hundred    tlu)uf\nvl 
yams  •,  which  is  very  ditHcult,  becaufe  it  is 
hard  to  How  them,   by  real'on  they  take  up 
fo  nuuh  room  ;  and  yet  nolefs  ought  to  be 
provided,  the  Haves  there  being  of  fuch  a 
conrtitution,  that  no  other  food  will  keep 
them  -,  Indian  corn,  beans,  and    Mandioc:i, 
tlilagreeing  with  tin  ir  llomach  ;  lb  that  they 
ficken  anil  liic  apace,  as  it  h.'ippencd  aboard 
the  .-Lbion  Irigat,  as  loon  as  their  yams  were 
fpent,  which  was  juH  when  it  anchorM  at 
.*•.'.  '/&w/',  after  a  fortnight's  pafliige  from 
i>'i;«Jv-poinr,  at  Ci/A^irir.    Befitic;,  tliofe  |ioor 
^^  wretches,  the  Haves  of  Neiv  C:ilahnr,:ni::\ 
Itrange  li)rtof  bruiilh  creatures,  very  weak 
and  Hothful ;  but  cruel  antl  bloody  in  their 
temper,  alwaysciuarrelling,  biting  and  fight- 
ing,   and   loiiictimes  choaking  ami    niuj- 
ilcringone  another,  witlujut  .my  mercy,  as 
hajipencd  to  feveral  aboard  our  Hiip-,    and 
whofoever  carries  Haves  from  AVw  C<i!nl\ir 
river  to  the  li'eft-lnuies,  had  need  pray  for 
.iq'iick  p.iHagr,  that  they  may  arrive  tiierc 
alive  and  in  he.ilth.  'I'o  that  purpofe  I  would 
advife,  fo  to  order  matters  at  f.'.?'.//,.-/-,  as  to 
be  in  a  condition  to  proceed  dir.dly  to  cape 
Lope,  ;'.nd  not  to  6\'.  -Towr,  or  Pniiti\  iHanJ. 
All  the  niijisthat  loadid  H.ivcs  with  the  . //- 
hm  irigatc  at  Calnbcir,  loH,  limie  half,  and 
others  two  thiuK  of  them,  belore  they  rcach'd 
Istiibiil'Ci  1  and  liicli  as  wire  then  aliw,  died 
ilicrc,  as  foon  as  landed,  or  clfe  turn'd  to  a 
very  bid  mark"'-  :    which  rendcr'd    the  fo 
liopi  lul  voyage  of  the  yllhioii  abortive,  and 
above  fixty  /vr  ,,;;.'.  of  the  capit.il  was  loH, 
chiefly  occafion'd  by  thr  want  of  proper  food 
and  water  to  fubfill  them,  as  w<'ll  as  the  ill 
management  of  the  principals  aboard. 

At  eld  C  A  I.  A  n  A  li,  •;;  169S. 
TT  H  F.  Hiip  Di;tgnii  traded  there  in  ////;/, 
*■  for  two  hundred  and  twelve  Haves,  men, 
women,  boys  and  girls,  the  Ihip  being  but 
a  hundred  tuns  burden  ;  a  hundred  and  two 
men,  from  forty  to  forty  eight  copper  bars 
Vol.  V. 


;tn'  mil- 


perheM\\  fifty  three  women,  from  twenty  Bar bot. 
eight  to  thirty  fix  of  the  f.ime  ;  forty  three'  ~~' 
boy.s,  from  twenty  to  forty  bars  ;  and  four* 
teen  girls  Horn  feventeen  to  thirty,  accord- 
ing to  their  age  and  conftitution,  for  the 
following  goods. 

Iron  bars  feven  hundred  and  feventy  one  j 
copper  bars  four  hundred  and  fifty  two  i 
rangoes  leven  hundred  and  thirty  i  beads 
five  luindrcHl  and  forty  fix  pounds,  four 
jUHinds  making  a  bunch  •,  pewter  tankards 
liftytwo  i  bafonsN".  i.  thirty  fix  •,  N'^.  2. 
twenty  fix  ;  N^.  7.  forty  two  ;  N* .  4.  forty 
feven;  linen  two  hiiiulrcd  and  twenty  yards; 
knives  ninety  fix  ;  biafs  bells,  N".  i.  eight 
hundred  ,uid  forty  one  i  N".  2.  fixty  two  •, 
N".  3.  fixty  nine  i  N".  4.  fifty  fix.  Thefe 
gojds  reiiuvcd  to  copper  bars,  as  follows. 

Copper  Bars, 

One  B.ir  iron         

One  built  hoi    h  .uls         

Five  rangoes  ■  — 

One  tank.uil  — — 

One  bafon,  N".  i.     

The  other  numbers  lels  in  pro[)ortion 

One  yard  of  linen  

Six  knives  — - 

One  brafs  bfll,  N".  1.       — 

The  other  numbers  lels  in  propi)rtion, 


Purple  copper  armlets,  made  at  Loanda 
lie  S,  Paok,  in  /htgohi,  area  very  good  com- 
modity here,  and  at  Rio  del  Rey  ;  and  the 
Porlii^uefc  carry  a  great  quantity  cf  them. 

Paid  for  provifions  here. 
Forty  balkcts  of  plantains,  fixty  copjxjr  bars. 

Twenty  copper  b.irs  to  lUike  Arbiom  for 
game. 

Sixty  to  king  Ru?in  for  the  lame. 

Twen'.y   to  captain  iijomai,  ■XiS.dt-To'.vi.., 
for  the  faiiK-. 

Twentv  to  ;apiain  ■iTomji  at  the  watering- 
place,   tor  the  lame. 

Twenty  to  XhUhin. 

Fo-.ty  to  king  !'.l'i\:io. 

I  orty  to  king  'J'lhii. 

Twenty  lour  to  king  Oyo. 

Seventeen  toll  illi.im  k\ng a'1^1  ijlvrea. 

Seventeen  to  Robin  king  Agbijhirea. 

'I'welve  to  duke  /Iphrcm. 

Thirty  to  old  king  Robin,  at  the  watering- 
place. 

St.  T  o  m  e. 

'T'  IIP.  principal  perfon  to  be  made  ufe  of  Prirn  cf 
*■    there,  in  1699,  to  contraft  for  provi-KnT'/foB*. 

fions,  (jfi.  w^%  owi::  Raphael  Lewii,  an  emi- 
nent Pel liigiii-fe  merchant}    but  at  the  time 

when  the  A.biun  frigate  was  there,  all  forts 

ol  provifions  were  exccHive  dear,  and  fLuro- 

yw/; goods  very  cheap,  as  for  inftance. 
A  thoul'and  ears  of  Indian  wheat  fourpie-.es 

of  eight,  or  four  Akies. 
Peafc  two  Akies  a  buHiel. 

6  C  Fa' 


.  :• 


iiiii 


11 


If 


fiiif'f; 


■1 '' 


M.^vJ 


m 


m 


1!   iJil 


I 


m 


!  ;■     >l--  ■■!:."'i Si: 

hi:iar!'!ia<fl 


msm 


^66 


y^VoYAQEto  New  Calabar. 


liAKiior.     ]\irii:la  di  Pti\  or  Mmiiiioca  mc.\],  two 
•>'W //<■/>;  ami  ;i  Ii.ilt  a  Ininiel. 

A  luinilrcii  aico-mas  one  /Ikir. 
A    n.iiklle  fizal  hog,    four  ./an  ;    tlie 
l.irpcll,  fix  pieces  ot  eight. 

An  ox,  U'.-dvi:  pieces  of  eight,  and  a  very 
poor  cne  ci'ihi. 

One  Jlkr-r  of  beans,  one  /!kif,  at  tli.u 
time,  by  rcalbn  of  ih;;  gre.it  drouglit. 

Tiie  prices  of  European  goods  were 

Oiv  piece  of  fiycs,  ten  Akia. 

I'd  pi-is,  four  Akies  and  .i  half. 

KiM.ls,  three  bunches  two  Akit's. 

Pnportion.ibly  for  other  goods,  being 
fcirre  the  firit'  coll  \n  Europe. 

Nsli;  That  an  .Ikie  of  gold  is  valued  there 
at  one  piece  of  eight. 

The  Alhioii  fng-\te  paid  the  following  du- 
ti  s  in   1699. 

To  the  governor  for  anchonige  forty  one 
/Iklf!. 

To  the  captain  of  the  fea,  one  Akic. 

To  Rnphad  Letiis,  for  his  commilTion, 
ten  //v/.'i. 

In  all  lidytv/o  Akies. 


Paris  Gazelle,  November  c),  1709.1  Wc 
have  received  advice,  that  the  fieur  Parent, 
commanding  four  frigates,  arm'd  (or  pri- 
vateer.i!,  after  having  taken  the  EiigHJh  fort 
in  G'rtm/^/i/ river,  \n  y'ljricti,  and  a  fliip  loaded 
with  AV/tifl.ives,  afterwards  failed  thence  to 
the  idand  of  .^/.  Totne,  belonging  to  the  Por- 
tn^nefe,  and  had  taken  the  town  and  tii« 
c.iille,  defendeil  by  above  three  thoufand 
men  well  ami'd,  took  there  a  great  booty, 
and  carried  away  thence  fix  flnips  of  feveral 
nations,  richly  laden. 


I 


A    N    N    O    B    O    N. 

N  1 70 1 , there  were  above  a  tho\i(ar\(\Blacks  Cri?i:. 
in  the  illand,  on   the  fevera!  Portugueje^kr'i 
plantations,    to   cultivate    all    manner  of/"""'' 
Guinea  provifions,  and  breed  finall  cattle, 
which  turns  to  a  very  good  account  to  the 
proprietor,  who  is  a  Portugucfe  lord,  thai 
owns  the  ifland.    There  we  got  in  abun- 
dance of  water,  wood,  hogs,  goats,  tama- 
rinds, Mandioca,  meal,  Gtiaiavas,  oranges, 
lemons,  Crff.   The  ifiand   produces  a.  very 
great  quantity  of  cotton.    Wc  anchored  on 
the  north  fide  of  ir. 


A 


4<57 


DESCRIPTION 


OF    THE 


LOWER    ETHIOPIA 


The   PREFACE. 


/EiiJfJ  thedefcri/tionofthe  coafts  o/Guinea 
at  Rio  de  Fernan  Vaz,  Kbicb  is  ibe 
great  eft  extent  of  the  coafts  /roperly  jb 
called,  according  to  the  moft  common  and  ge- 
neral acceptation  among  European  travellers, 
<xho  at  moft  extend  them  no  farther  than  cape 
St.  Catherine,  ftyme  leagues  foutb  of  the  •  ivcr 
Fernan  Vaz. 

Now  in  order  to  comph.it  the  defciplion  of 
the  trading  ports  and  coafts  of  th:  Ulacks, 
both  in  Guinea,  and  the  Lower  Et'.iopi.i,  ad- 
joining to  It,  for  the  ftiti.fadion  .nd  benefit  of 
fea-faring  men,  and  adi\  tur--  s  to  thofe  farts 
c/ Africa,  which  has  hem  the  principal  defign 
of  this  work  ;  I  will  add  to  the  aforefaid  dc- 
faiption,  a  jlnrt  account  rf  the  coafts  of  ^ai- 
mas,  Sette,  Loango,  Cacongo,  Goy,  Congo, 
and  Angola,  as  far  as  the  coaft  »/'BcnguellH, 
or'tbekingd'j>nofBM\.i.\;  allthyl;  and  ot'ter 
regions  enft  and  foiilh,  being  comprebei'd.d  in 
the  Lower  Ethiopia,  or  South  Guinea, 
ftretching  out  about  a  hundred  and  c/q'.'/y 
leagues  from  north-iveft  to  fouih-eaft,  in  a  di- 
rert  courfe,  from  cape  St.  Catlierine  to  ihe  river 
de  Moreira,  which  is  in  ten  degrees  and  a  half 
of  foiith  latitude,  about  thirteen  leagues  to  the 
foiuhwcird  of  cape  Ledo  in  Bengutlla. 


It^hat  T  am  to  fay  on  this  bead,  I  have 
partly  collecled  out  of  Dapi)er,  and  partly 
from  the  maps  of  the  coafts  of  Afri<.a,  made  by 
exprefs  order  of  the  kings  of  Portugal,  in 
wbofe  reigns  the  firft  difcovcries  cj  thofe  roafts 
were  made ;  the  late  M.  li'Ablar  .ourt,  whilft 
he  reftded  at  the  court  e/l'orti  gal,  with  thg 
cbariLler  of  envoy  from  the  '  ■  :g  rf  France, 
haviii/Jound  means  to  get  ex  'l  cpie'of  thofe 
maps,  fo  carefully  kept  by  the  iforefaid  kings  for 
their  privr.te  life,  and  after  li:e  fiid  A/,  tl' A- 
blap.court'j  drdh  tbey  were  puvli/bed  at  Am- 
ilerdam,  /'}■  IVter  Morticr,  anno  1700.  / 
I ave  alfo  made  u'e  c.f CwW,  Mcrolla,  de  la 
Croix,  Rolibc,  du  Pli  flls,  and  otbrr  modern 
t'JveHcrs  a>:d  grgraibers.  To  all  this  I  have 
added  a  jrurna!  of  a  vo\i>ge  to  Congo,  in  the 
year  f^'ju,  S  J.inifS  Barbot,  jun.  my  brO' 
ibei's  fin,  fuperutrgo  ;  a  nil  John  C.ifleneuve, 
at  firjl  fcond,  and  afiei wards  chief  male  in 
iheftjip  the  Don  Carlos  of  London.  Jndfor 
the  entertainment,  and  belter  information  of 
the  readers,  I  have  thought  proper  to  fubjoin 
a  fljort  arctunt  of  the  inland  countries,  and 
}r'"'bbouring  nations,  from  the  aforefaid  tra- 
\     js  and  geographers. 


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^4^8  A  Description  of 

A  Dcfcription  of  the  Lower  Ethiopia,    begin- 
iiing  IVcft  of  Cape  St.  Catherine. 

Vmihiit.  ■p  KO  M  c.ipc  St.  Calbiiint  to  Po>!'>  ik- 
^^V^^  ■*•     M,is;cvi!'/t,   or  Aliijui'ih,    in  tlie  juril- 


Srt!P  ri- 
■vtr  itij 

town. 


P 

diiflion  of  .s'f //i',  is  about  forty  leigiics.ilon^ 
till-  lo.idfrom  north-well  to  fouthiail,  ,inil 
Imiili-i.ill  by  foiitli.  Tliere  being  only  two 
rivers  llrt-aming  from  tlic  inlnni  country 
of  liiiim.i:,  from  tlic  taft-iiorth-cill  into  the 
/•.''/)./;,<;  ocean,  the  firil  at  north,  being  in 
th^'  U.nn  Comm/t,  but  is  a  I'm. ill  river  of  no 
note  •,  the  othiT  at  the  louth  of  i',  is  Rin 
S.t.'f,  a  pretty  confiderahle  river,  gli'liiij.; 
from  1  j;reat  way  up  tlic  iniaii,!,  on  wiiolc 
banks  li  fituat.il  the  town  ot  S,!t'',  lome 
fay  thirty  two  leagues,  otiiers  only  a  day's 
jouriuy  from  it:  mouth  ;  ami  is  the  pi  imipal 
town  of  tiiat  jiuildiiS^ion,  govern'd  I'y  a 
woman. 

']"en  leagues  from  Sellf  river,  to  the  fonth- 
ward,  lies  Cnl-o  Si-guiulo;  and  ten  leagues 
firiiier  fouth  of  it  again,  is  cane  Niicr,  on 
tlic  north  fide  of  Pcrto  M.ivinih'i,  three  de- 
grees and  a  half  of  fouth  latitude  ;  and  be- 
twixt them  up  the  inland,  are  the  nioun- 
iilDMiiMmi  tains  of  the  Ikli  Ghoft,  by  the  Pr.'liiitic'g 
f4'*' "'■'.'' call'd,  Snras  d',  Saiilo  Sj'hUo,  which  "take 
up  a  large  compafs  of  land  ;  and  beyond 
thfm  north,  arc  large  woods,  foretts,  and 
lakes. 

This  province  of  Set/e  lies  about  fixtccn 
miles  north  of  Pcilo  Maycmka,  ani.1  yields 
extraordinary  plenty  of  red  wood,  liefidcs 
other  Ibrtsof  timber.  Of  this  redwood  they 
have  two  forts,  the  one  by  thofe  of  X//:' 
call'd  Kli/iih-',  width  the  Porlu^uifi  ufed  to 
buy,  but  not  eftecm'd  in  Lor.n^o  ;  the  other 
fi-.-^i-Jfi,  being  much  heavier  ,'.nd  redder, 
bears  both  a  good  price  and  reputation.  The 
root  of  this  BySrJff,  call'd  thrrc  yfiiX'iJ/y 
y/l-y-Si-Jfi;  exceeds  in  hardnefs  and  decpneiii 
of  colour,  which  makes  it  valu'd. 

With  this  wood  the  natives  drive  a  great 
trade,  all  along  the  coaft  from  Alujumha 
to  Jw^ola,  dealing  very  feldom  with  any 
other  than  their  own  people  ;  being  at  firlt 
brought  from  6'r//i',  where  the  govcrnour 
recei'cs  the  cuftom  of  ten  in  the  hundred. 

Tiie  Blacks  .ire  here  yet  more  deceitful 
and  treacherous  than  thole  of  Loango  -,  of 
whom  I  (hall  give  the  proper  charader  af- 
terwards. 

There  grows  in  the  country  great  and 
fmall  millet,  the  firft  call'd  among  them 
Majfi  Manpontn.,  and  the  other  Mciffu  Min- 
ka!i.\  They  have  likewife  great  plenty  of  po- 
tatoes, call'd  there  Iqua  /Dijotlc,  aiul  palm- 
wine,  call'd  Afalaffa,  the  trees  Mabba,  the 
nut  Imba,  and  the  pith  or  kernel  hboiiga. 


(JlioJI. 


RcJ  n'oitJ 


F»Ife 
lilicks. 


Prcilucl. 


They  have  alio  iioultry,  but  not  m.tny  ; 
but  the  woods  atlord  at!  forts  of  w  ikl  bcalts. 
The  rivers  (eed  mmy  water  elephants,  and 
ih\ trs  fillies •,  but  the  land  breeds  few  cattle, 
befides  bcalts  of  |>rty. 

The  inhabi'.ants  Iced,  upon  millet,  bana-fo,/ 
nas,  and  wild  ireatiires. 

Thtir  langu.igt;  i.as  fonic  affinity  witliUit«j'. 
that  of  /.5rt'»'.,  di'"lTing  only  in  fomc  few 
words-,  lb  tliat  they  eafdy  underftand  one 
anotlicr. 

They  make  wars  upon  tiielr  neighbour?, 
cfpii  iaily  thofc  ol  Ciiinvi-.i,  between  cape  (/•• 
1j>IC,  ,ind  Cioh)  ;  this  latter  being  a  territory 
tidl  otmorair.s  lakes,  .uid  liver.,  all  navi- 
gated by  c.ino.s. 

The  conimoilities  bronglit  out  of  Purnpf,!" ,'.;.  ■- 
hither,  are,  mulkets,  powdi  r,  bright  cop-/"''"' 
per  kettles,    white  and  brown  linnen,   and 
ordinary  cloth. 

Their  arms  .ire  arrow-,  bowj,  and  j.'.ve-;r,.i>i,;, 
lins,    the  firtV  t!uy  c.ill  Iiiiht'i,   the  fecond 
Malt.i,  the  third  yivn^a  and  '/.onga. 

In  all  other  cuiloms,  religion,  and  cgn- 
juration,  they  agree  with  thole  of  Loan^o. 

The  port  of  .\fiiyomb.t  lies  in  three  dc-Mv.cm!^ 
grees  and  a  half  fouth  latitude,  as  has  been''"- 
obferv'd,  and  north  of  [.orot^o  and  of  Rio 
C.iimh),  bordiring  wellward  on  the  {\\  ; 
where  appe.irs  a  high  black  point,  by  i\\i 
PoitKf^hCji'  nam'd  Ciib)  Nt'^i^fo,  black  point, 
becaule  it  looks  black  afar  off,  by  reafoii 
of  the  great  number  of  trees  planted  on  ic 
very  thick. 

Next  this  cape  follows  a  road  for  lliips, 
by  fiilors  cali'ii  the  road  ot  Miijuviba,  a- 
bout  half  a  le.igue  in  length  ;  that  k,  from 
cape  Ni-g^ro  to  the  oi'iiofite  fouth  point, 
which  is  low,  and  ()\Lil'preail  with  trees. 
Within  the  country  you  difcover  a  red 
mountain,  by  the  HI ac h  cMW  Metutc:  not 
firotfa  great  lalt  lake,  a  mile  broad,  out 
of  which  fomc  waters  about  half  a  mile 
northward  of  Caho  Ncgyo  run  into  the  lea  ; 
but  the  paflages  are  fomctimes  choak'd  up 
by  the  waves,  which  beat  violently  againlt 
them. 

On  the  tliore  (lands  the  village  M,tji,m!hi,Tlit  t„ 
built  in  one  long  row,  fo  near  the  fea,  tliat'-'^'' 
the  incroaching  waves  ofien  oblige  the  in- 
habitants to  remove  behind  the  vill.ige.  On 
the  north  fide  of  this  port,  lies  a  river  tull 
ol  oifters,  that  pours  its  waters  into  the 
ocean,  ami  has  in  its  mouth,  at  moft  lOt 
above  fix,  fomctimes  but  tiiree  or  four  f„ot 
water ;  yet  firtlier  in,  is  of  a  ronfil  r.dile 
bignefs,  breadth,  depth  and  J^ngih,  ex- 
tending 


the  Lower  Ethiopia. 


4<^9 


millet,  baii,\r,.,/ 


'Ji.iri. 


Dago 


ttniling  at  Iraft  fifteen  miles  up  the  l.iml,  to 
the  t^rc.it  help  and  tonvcnicncy  ot  thole  that 
t'ttcli  red-wood,  which  otlicrwilc,  they  nnill 
(,irry  much  tiirther;  whereas hdw  they  biing 
it  in  canoes  down  ilie  laid  river. 

The  country  about  Mt]nii\b\,  is  barren 
as  to  grain,  !->'it  aboumis  in  bananas,  call'd 
there  Hill f hi;  and  Makoml",  ot"  which  they 
rn.ikc  bread  ;  there  is  alio  abundance  ot 
(idm-wine,  and  tilt  rivers  liavc  plenty  of 
lilh. 

Here  is  no  pci  uliar  prince,  but  one  ot' 
tlu  counieliors  ot  Ihite  to  the  kin|^  of  [.i- 
iinn,  caird  Alani-laniii\  deputy  ot  Lo.iii- 
^in,  wliogoveirs  the  country  tor  him  i  h  ■- 
Ing  only  accouptible  to  the  king  lor  ilie 
,ed-wo(id,  broujj;ht  down  b/ till- liver  IVoin 
Si-lti",  which  piy-.  him  ten  in  the  liundrc;!, 
as  has  been  oblervM. 

'l"he  inliibiiants  drive  a  trade  ot"  this  red- 
wood, which  they  call  Taknd,  to  OV/y,  north 
ot  A'.v)  /.ait;  to  t)arti.r  it  \\n  Simbo  cloth,  as 
th.dl  be  herealter  dcilaiM. 

'1  he  women  ot'this  country  filh  tbroillers, 
ill  the  nbovem^iiMon'd  river,  north  ot"  Ma- 
ynit'ia.  It;  hiiig  them  up  in  ;^reat  trays  from 
die  l)ottr)m  i  then  opening  and  fmoakinir 
them,  they  will  keep  them  good  tor  fotne 
months.  'I'hcle  I'moak'd  oitleis,  asall  other 
filh  or  flclli  fo  linoak'd,  they  call  here  Dur- 
Icile. 

Somewhat  to  th"  fouthward  of  Miijumba, 
is  a  bay  by  tl,  Portii^idic  named  /•'.iiJeaJa 
dc  Jivaro  Mattiih.  -<iid  IbiT.o  leagu'startlv.r 
again  Ibuth,  another,  by  the  lame  call'd 
ylni^ra  do  ))idio^  having  a  cape  at  foutli, 
from  which  IhetJies  oil"  to  lea  a  bank, 
call'd  Biiivoi  do  /'inlio;  and  fome  leagues 
Ibuth  of  this  again,  is  a  river,  named  by 
the  Poriu:;ii-fe  Rio  das  Moiitas,  near  to 
which,  that  is,  eight  or  nine  miles  iouthof 
M.iiumha,  lies  the  point  call'd  f^iHont^n  or 
iV//.(f(',  the  name  ol  the  next  village.  This 
tradt  of  land  appears  to  fliips  at  fea,  com- 
ing from  tlte  fouthward,  with  two  moun- 
tains, in  the  fliape  of  a  woman's  breath, 
and  thence  call'd  by  the  natives  ^-i^itait'iy, 
and  by  the  Portuguefe  /Ifduas  Moihm. 

Two  miles  to  the  loiithward  of  thefe  two 
mountains,  glides  into  the  Atlnnlick  the  ri- 
ver i'^iila  or  Imijii^o,  abounding  in  •''Oi,  pre- 
cipitating it  felf  with  a  flrong  water  Tall  into 
the  lea,  and  over  againft  its  mouth  fome- 
what  o!f  to  fea,  lies  an  ifland. 

The  European  goods  fit  for  the  trade  of 
this  traft  of  land,  arc  the  very  fame  as 
before  mention'd,  brought  to  the  coaft  of 
Sette. 

Far  inland  lies  the  country  of  Dingo  or 
Dingy,  which  borders  on  the  kingdoms  of 
Loango,  and  Vanqiiy  \  a  large  country  full 
of  towns  and  villages,  tributary  to  the  king 
of  Loango,  yet  has  its  peculiar  lords,  who 
rule  by  fuccefllon. 

VgL.  V. 


D,-fcrii>iion  of  the  Kingdom  nf  \,OK\ia(i.    Rm  n„T. 
COmewhat  fouih  of  y^iila,  about  a  league l^V"^ 
•^  from  the  llioie,  lies  the  great  town  of ':'  '"iS» 
I.oaiiip,  the  nieiropolis  and  inijK'rial  court'"^' 
ol  this  kingdom,  in  lour  degrees  thirty  mi- 
nutes of  Ibuth  latitude:  the  natives  now  call 
it  B irra  I.oangiri,  and  Boiiry  or  Hu-y  was 
the  ancient  name  they  call'd  it  by. 

'l"he  groiinil-plat  of  it  t.ikcs  as  much  in 
compais,  as  our  famous  city  of  roik  in  Eng- 
land, but  is  much  more  widely  built  •,  it 
h.islargt',  Ifrait  .ind  broad  Ifrceis;  of  which 
the  inh:;l)itnins  take  ^leat  c.ire,  that  no  gral's 
f;row,  nor  Ibil  lie  in  them  :  they  ar?  very 
regular  and  neatly  plintcd  with  pal, netto- 
trees,  bananas  and  bikoros,  which  Hand  in 
aline.  Some  of  thol",'  trees  are  alio  behind 
the  houfes,  and  fonv'tinvs  c^uite  lounJ 
them,  and  thus  l"erve  bo'.ii  for  Ihelter  and 
ornament. 

In  die  niidll  of  the  city  is  a  great  market- TV.'*  Wnjf'i 
place,  and  on  one  fil  •  ot  it  the  kin!^;'s  court,  t"^'" 
furrouiitled  with  a  hedge  of  palm-tries,  con- 
taining in  circuit  as  much  ground  as  fome 
ordinary  towns,  beautiiyj  with  many  houfes 
for  his  wom;n,  of  whieh  he  is  reported  to 
keep  liven  thniland,  that  live  fix  or  eight 
together,  not  daring  to  Itir  tioni  their  ap- 
pointed ftation,  without  the  king's  leave  or 
the  overfcer's,  who  keeps  a  diligent  and 
jealous  eye  over  them. 

The  houfes  are  built  with  two  gable-ends, /ftwyJ/. 
and  a  floping  root,  which  relts  on  long 
thick  pofls,  that  lie  upon  llays  about  two 
or  three  fathom  high;  the  breadth,  length, 
and  heighth  of  them  mar  alike,  that  they 
may  llaiul  in  equal  and  uniform  dilfances  ; 
and  within,  tin  y  have  I'ometimcs  two  or 
three  rooms  orihimb-rs  apart;  in  one  of 
which  they  keep  th(  ir  riches,  and  that  has 
a  door  at  the  hinder  cn.l,  lock'd  up  with  a 
double  lock  •,  fome  ha\e  round  about,  a 
fence  of  palm-bougiis  plafli' 1  •,  others  of 
biilruflits  wreaih'd  ;  fome  mAk^i  Lebongc  or 
wiikers  braided  tog-ther,  which  inclofe  fix, 
tight,  or  more  houlis  •,  and  they  dwell  in 
them  as  in  a  precindl,  being  to  each  other 
very  trully,  and  in  all  .iccidtnts  helpful. 

Their  lioufhold  lluft"  confills  chiefly  in  rurmtHtt. 
pots,  calibafl-ies,  wooden  trays,  ma",  a 
block  w'liereon  they  put  their  caps;  'ome 
fmall  and  great  bafkets  ot  a  neat  f.ilhion, 
into  wliv  II  they  put  their  clothes,  and  other 
trilling  things. 

The  kingdom  of  Loango,  form.'rly  call'd 
Bramas,  according  to  Figufil,  and  other  geo- 
graphers,  begins  below  cape  Si.  Catherine 
before  mention'd,  and  extends  fouthward  to  e;^,,,,  ,^ 
the  fmall  river  Loango  or  Louifa,  "^  fix  de- rfc*  Wng • 
grces  of  fouth  latitude,  by  which  it   \  divided  '''""• 
from  that  of  Cakongo.     On  the  weft  it  is 
wafh'd  by  the  EtHojick  fea,  and  borders  at 
eaft,  on   the   country   of  Pombo,  about  a 
hundred    leagues   from    Loango,      Samuel 
6  D  Bruno 


\)\ 


V 


I'  U 

i 


llil^ 


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ill 


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'ii.lH  I'  ^ 


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470 


yl  Description  of 


trtvbuii. 


lAtngiri. 


Loittfin 


Piri. 


Barbot  TJrtrw  feti  ilown  for  i»  l)Ourui.irii;s  in  tlic 
^^V^  louih  ilic  river  Z.vr  or  Coti^n;  .md  in  the 
t.Ul,  cIk"  jHople  /Imboii  anii  Ainihst  who 
are  in.in-e.iters. 

This  kingilom  contains  many  provinces, 
among  whuh,  the  four  chietHl  are  l.oaiigin, 
Lanifimnn^o,  Cbilong",  and  Piri. 

/.oangiii  h.isthe  advantage  ot  m.iny  fmall 
rivers,  to  water  and  refrefh  the  foil,  and 
l>y  that  means  is  very  tiuitlul,  and  exceed- 
ing full  of  people.  The  inhabitants  lubfiit 
by  fifhing,  weaving,  ami  the  wars. 

Loan^omoufp  isalargeand  hilly  country, 
abounding  in  cattle  and  paimettoucis  \  Id 
that  palm-oil  may  be  had  cheap. 

T!k'  inhabitants  are  eitlui  weavers  or 
meichints.  I'Vom  this  provinie  the  lsiii(Zs  of 
I.oaii^^o  drew  iheir  original  ;  yet  time  .ind 
tiie  vii'ilVitude  of  atTairs  hail  .dmoll  i  xt  luded 
them  from  it :  but  at  lalt  liavin|;  Irtlh  infor- 
mations, and  tinding  tiicmfelves  more  po- 
tent in  arms,  they  invaded  it,  and  reduced 
the  country  to  tiieir  fuliieCtioii. 
Chilongo.  Chilor.go  exiceds  all  the  otliers  in  bignefs, 
being  alfo  very  jiopulous,  in  fome  [ilaces 
mountainous,  and  in  others, earpeiecl  with 
verdant  and  delightful  plains  and  valleys. 
The  people  naturally  nide  and  clown i (li  •, 
but  have  great  llore  of  elephants  teeth. 

/';/(  lies  plain  ami  even,  full  ol'  inhabi- 
tants, well  llor'd  with  fruits  and  wooils,  and 
(lock'd  with  great  abundance  of  cattle,  be- 
fidcs  innumerable  poultry. 

The  inhabitants  are  a  quiet  people,  averfc 
from  wars,  and  for  thrir  carriage  well  be- 
lov'd  by  their  king,  and  furpalTrng  all  their 
neighbours  in  rich  commodities-,  yet  their 
chief  maintenance  drawn  from  palluragc 
and  hunting. 

L'.'.iiiXo,  according  to  the  bed  information 
the  Europeans  can  draw  from  the  ancientell, 
and  inofi  expericnc'd  Blu.ks,  has  bteii  di- 
vided into  divers  territories,  as  Mnjiiiiiha, 
Cb':lo)r.y,  Piri,  fl-^jii/i,  and  Lran^o,  each 
in!r.bi  d  by  fevera'  j/cople,  and  ruled  by  a 
particular  governo  ;  who,  atpleafure,  warr'd 
upon  his  neighbc  Jrs. 

In  antienter  imes  the  natives  were  all 
wild,  and  man-  atcrs,  as  ftill  the  '/ii,;'>s  arc, 
who  dwell  towai  's  the  eafl  and  louth-eaft. 
They  ufed  banana^  to.  aiead,and  fed  on  wiKl 
beafts,  iiunting  elephants,  bufTaloes,  wild 
boirs,  bucks,  and  fuch  like  ;  and  fifliing  in 
the  rivers  and  the  fea.  Thcfc  countries, 
through  the  private  feuds  among  the  go- 
vernors, were  fubdued  by  Alani  Loan;io, 
who  boafted  his  cxtraftion  from  Lirri  in  A'.j- 
kongo,  and  politickly  made  leagues  with 
fome,  by  their  joint  force  conquering  others, 
and  then  pick'd  quarrels  with  the  reft;  j  but 
had  much  trouble  with  Mdir  Wanfa,  and  af"- 
terwards  again  with  Mani  I'iri,  and  Mani- 
C'Jilongo  ;  by  whom  h';  was  twice  beaten. 
Buc  by  his  great  power  they  were  ac  laft 


iVildffeflt, 


made  his  v.dlals  \  ujwn  which,  Maui  M<i. 
jumha  fubmitted  himfcif:  after  whole  ex- 
ample, all  the  placet  lying  northwards,  as 
Ducke,  Sftrt  or  Sdtt,  yielded  to  him. 

Mam  f.oingo,  thus  triumphant,  dividedMvW 
ihele  countries  amon;;  his  chief  counkllors"""!"'"-. 
of  truft,   and   committing  the  can-  of  his 
own  to  a  deputy,  wint  and  liv'd  in  Pni  ; 
but  the  place  he  firll  pit'h'd  on,  not  pleafini' 
hiiii,  whether  for   its  mountainoufnel's,  or 
tli.it  It  i.iy  100  far  from  the  water,  he  went 
tlicnce,  and  fettled  in  a  place,  where  to  this 
prcfeiit  the  kings  of  L-aiigo  keep  their  court 
ihenime  wherrot  is  B.tn:.,it  Z.''rt/.i;/r;,  or  ra- 
ther l.ii!Vi'/i\  but  the  W...'c*j  calT  it /it,./,;, 
as  has  been  obleivM,  being  fuuatc  in  apart 

of  Pill. 

'I'he  iiil\d)itants  of  l\ii  were  eall'd  M.ii- 
vjjr,  or  Muiiviu,  a  coini'ound  word  ot' 
Moulfii;  and  Piri;  .\k: l/.i  lignifyirg  people: 
lb  M'liifji.'  Pitt  fignilies  |>eople  of  Pir,  ■ 
aiid  tor  bievity,  pronounced  Moiivrri.  .So 
likewife,  l.':,in^:ii  is  the  contrafUon  of /,,,. 
iingo  and  Pin,  which joinM  tog'tlier,  makes 
L'Hii:go-/ iri,  .uid    for  quicknels  of  I'lJeecli, 

L'liDlgTi. 

The  better  to  fecure  his  new-gotten  domi- 
nions, Miini  Loango  fettled  hia  brothers  and 
fillers  in  the  gre.itell  cities  or  towns  about 
him,  WT.  in  C\;/v,  to  have  a  vigilant  eye 
over  whatever  might  threaten  danger  from 
above  ;  and  in  Boikr.,  Cbilongi,Mv.\  SaLvv, 
to  fupervifeand  prevent  any  luddcn  attempt 
from  below. 

The  chiefefl  towns  of  Loa>igo,  are  Cai-e, ''"■'■'fi.' 
the  rtfidencc  of  the  king's  fiftcTs,  L'iaiiqfj'\\\i"^'"' 
own,  Cui:\;io,  Pin,  two  Cljilo'ig-},  ''Jamha, 
Cotte,  Sfny,  (imim ;  L'Vizw  'The  chiet' 
villages  lie  a  day's,  or  a  day  and  hall 's  jour- 
ney from  Loiiiigy,  befides  many  finallonei 
farther  in  the  eountry  ;  as  Jamha,  Congo, 
Ciiyt,  lrjik:\  Pni,  Cotif,  ,\nd  i\k  Chilongos. 

The  country  n(  Lo.in^o  atVords  Al,iff,i- fndu^l 
Mimyiit.i  or  gieat  millet,  Majft  M:iikali 
or  little  millet  and  red  millet,  which  they 
ul'e  infkad  of  tares :  alfo  potatoes,  callM 
Limba!-,  //mjwitr,  Bakcvfis,  Iiijamms,  wnh 
Imba'e,  hiitjgifto  or  ginger,  and  other 
ftrange  fiuits,  as  Goehes.,  MaiidoNxns,  or 
Dong'/ Mid  Pull/!-,  and  fome  herbs,  the  chief 
ofwiiich  they  account  In'.nijy,  bitter  of  tafle; 
Imbca,  and  In/iia,  purflaiii,  and  wild  fe- 
verfew. They  have  alio  MMiiga,  or  pom- 
pions  ■,  Muinpi-t,  or  fu[j;ar-canes  -,  Mihenga, 
a  juicy  fruit  •,  and  Mase  Mowla,  or  tob.io  o. 
Grain  of  paradife,  or  Ma'a^uetk,  hy  them 
called  Indongi  j-lnjota;  but  in  no  quantity, 
becaufe  neiilur  fbwn  nor  planted.  Alio  a- 
bundance  of  Bammm  and  Mandioca  or  Fa- 
rinha  de  Pao,  of  which  tliey  make  bread. 
Of  the  leaves  of  Majaera,  li  ey  make  a 
pretty  relifhing  food,  drclTing  it  with 
fmoak'd  fifli,  palm-oil,  fak,  and  /lch\,  or 
Brazil  pepper  ;  but  their  common   food  is 


^-:n  J 


the  Lower  Ethiopia. 


471 


ch,  Maui  Mj. 
Iter  whole  tx- 
nortljw.iriU,  aa 
:d  to  him. 

ph.int,  iHvide(lW»,',.f 
lief  counlillors"""!'"" 
he  c.iri-  of  his 
livM  in  Put  : 
)n,  not  pliMfini^ 
t.iinoufiief:!,  oi- 
water,  lie  Went 
,  wJK'ic  to  tins 
i-cp  their  court, 
L'ltii.giri,  or  r.i- 
I  cill  it  liuai\, 
riLu.\t(.  in  .1  jure 

•re  i.\\\\\M,i/. 
uiiml  wdrvl  ot 
nifyinf^  l-fopii:: 
eople  of  I'iri  5 
.  iKloiiiiri.  So 
nr.iflion  of /,6- 
)f;''tlier,  ni.iki', 
iul's  of  Ipteth, 

w-gottcn  tlonii- 
hi.,  brothers  ami 
or  towns  about 
c  a  vigilant  eye 
en  danger  from 
«(;'',  anil  Sdla::, 
lUiJden  atCempc 

mm,  are  dne,^''''''- 

rs,  L'laiigo  his 
)ilo'i^\<,  'Jiimlia, 
"  The    chief 
and  hall's jour- 
ny  fmall  ones 
diiiha,    Congo, 
lie  Chilongos. 
iVords  Map-  f"^"^- 
M.tffa  M.iikak 
ft,  which  they 
Hjtatoes,  call'd 
Ii.jamms,  with 
er,    and    other 
MaiidoHsns,   or 
lerbs,  the  chief 
litter  of  tafte; 
and  wild  fc- 
laiiga,  or  poni- 
nes ;  Mtli(-nga, 
ola,  or  tobao  o, 
iiette,  by  ihem 
in  no  quantity, 
need.     Alio  a- 
landioca  or  I\i- 
make  bread. 
I  ley   make   a 
fling    it    with 
.uiJ  Ach\,  or 
ntmon   food  is 


i-omlc' 


large  as  horli.:-bians,  grows  on  trees  eight 
or  nine  toot  liigli  in  cods,  which  is  men 
with  Eiii^.m^a  ;  and  a  tliird  lort,  like  a  little 
bean,  grows  alnng  the  earth,  in  rows  of 
white  coils,  reiinibling  /irt-wt/!)  beiii-..  I'hey 
li  ive  two  other  forts,  atiounteil  10  (  hoice  a 
dainty,  that  tliey  arecllcciiieil  toi  I  only  for 
the  ruh  ;  <;ne  ol  tlitii)  reli  nibling  our  gir- 
din-beaiv.,  the  other  •luik\i  bt.iiis,  lioili 
white,  bat  foinewiiatilill'i  rent  iiilliiiie.  All 
thele  fruits  continue  the  whole  year  through- 
out, excijJt  between  M.i';;imb.i,  and  i..\\K 
Life  Coi.'f.ilcz  ;  whole  inhabitants  ufe  ba- 
nanas inllead  ot  bread,  and  lilli  lor  other 
jirovifioti. 

y\/<i.''.//.'/'t-trecs  grow  numeroiifly  •,  but 
yet  exceeded  by  the  vail  multitude  of  palm- 
trees.  'I'hefe  MalomU.s  alJord  lirll  good  wine, 
whiiii  they  ilrink  inflead  of  I'.iat  of  palm. 


Ftniffi  or  iox/v,  made  of  the  flour  of  millet,    drinking  of  palm-wine,    yrt  fli|,{hting  (uir  R«'»mot. 
Tiiere  are  caLibanus,  or  gourils,  wlmh     luiro/ean  wine  •,  noz-alo's  in  matter  of  re- ^^V^' 
when  ripe  they   ilry,  and  mike  dilh  s  lor     ligion,  yet  cxtrein  ly  fupei llitious. 
leveral  ulei.     They  have   Kila,   whole  leaf        The  men  wear  long  garments,  reaching 
is  aromuick,  Ca/Jia  h/lula  or  Ptit-CuJ/m,     from  their  midille  down  to  their  feet,  and  ^(f»rtt, 
which  fervcs  them  in  tli.  ir  wit>:iicrafts,  Ufc,     below  IwrderM  with   fringe,  hut  leave  the 
but  tew  oranges.  Unions  and  cocoa-nuts,  m    upiier  part  of  their  body  naked  :  the  rtulfii 
not  valuing  them.     Cotton,  as  well  as  B>a-     whereof  ihiy  arc  made,  may  be  divided  in- 
2;/  pepper,  grows  wil  I.      Tlieir  fields  pro-     to  four  forts,  one  ol   which  none  may  wear 
Crti:     iluce  great  wheat,  or  dubha,  growing  under     but  tli<;  kin:;,  and  thole  he  permits  out  ot 
tlie  earth:  a  feioiiil  lort  of  grain,  about   as    lingular  favour,    ot  as  a  .nark  f)f  ili;:nity. 

'l'li''y  are  callM  lometimes  l.ibon^'i,  other- 
whilts  hn<,'o,  wliich  no  weavers  arc  p'rmit- 
ted  to  fell,  upon  jvin  ot  (lath.     There  are 
twb  other  lorts  ufually  loM,  liie  bdl  callM 
A///;/;v,    btinga  halut  lor  the  gre.'.tefl  no- 
blemen, made  v.ry  fin,',   and  with  luriotn 
workmanlhip,  llowerM,  an-i  beaiiiityVt  with 
exquifite  iiiia[;erv,  e.u  li  i.\n\\  lioidin;;  .iboui 
two  Ipans  and  ,1  lialt  lijiiare,  wlii(  h  a  wea- 
ver   with   hi.  gieati  11   diligence  may  well 
fjieiid  filiein  or  lixtcen  iliys  in  working  to 
hnilli  it.     The  leiond  fort  call'd  S  \-kd,  arc 
lels  by  one  h.dl  than  the  Kwiht-i',  yet  many 
who  have  not  imuh  haiulled  their  work, 
wouKI  eafiiy  millake  the  one  for  the  other-, 
lor  both  .irc  iiij^h  and  cut  work,  with  iini- 
ges  or  figures  on  them,  but  the  turn'tl  tide 
gives  the  dilUndion,  by  the  toatlcnefs  or 
finencfs  ;  fix    of   the  foremcntion'd  pieces 
but  not  lb  llrong  :  1' -  brantlus  make  rat-    make  a  garment,  which  tiiey  know  how  to 
tcrs,   and  laths   tor   .loufes,  ami  couches  to    colour,  red,  black  or  green, 
fleep  on  •,  the  leaves  are  uled  inrte.iU  ot  tiles,        The  two  other  torts  of  clothes  arc  for  the 
and  fence  olVthc  greatetl  rains.  common  people,  being  jilain  witliout  ima- 

iiminn.  All  liie  garments  worn  in  Lodiign,  are  ges  or  figures,  yet  have  their  diltinctionsi 
maileof  tlK-fe  leaves,  which  they  i.lc  inllead  one  being  clolcr  and  firmer  wrotu^ht  than 
of  money,  having  no  lort  of  metal  toin'd  :  the  other.  Thefe  are  often  flatli'd  or  pink'd 
li'jt  beiaiife  the  .V/j/ow/f-liMves  arc  not  to  from  the  middle  to  the  knees,  as  old  fa- 
llrongas  tliofe  of  the  palm,  the  cloths mide  Ihion'd  Spanilh  breeches  were  wont,  with 
tin  leof  are  in  lefs  elicem,  ami  teldoin  us'd  fmall  and  great  cuts. 
but  by  i\\cJiigoi.  L-'.very  mat;  is  bound  to   wear  a  fiir-fkinF«ri«/f(/. 

Their  maimi'd  grouml  is  lb  fertile,  that  over  his  dotho,  li'^ht  before  his  privi- 
it  alords  thre^  crops,  viz.  fmall  millet,  tiis,  rtt.  of  a  tame  cat,  otter,  cat  of  moun- 
littlc  beans,  and  ll'\[f,  which  is  town  with  tain,  great  wood  or  wild. cat  1  orofan//«- 
millet  as  rape  with  us.  'J'hey  do  ..ot  plow  ^ali  or  civet-cat,  with  whole  civet  they 
the  l.ind,  but  break  it  up  with  an  inllru-  loinetiiTies  anoint  thcmlt:lves:  befides  thefe, 
ment  like  a  hoe,  or  rather  a  malon's  trowel,  they  have  very  frr  fpcckled  Ikins,  call'cl 
only  broader  and  hollower.  .Some  have  I:>iU>iy,  of  high  price  among  them,  which 
their  lands,  one,  two,  or  three  miles ;  others  none  may  wear  but  the  king  and  his  pecu- 
a  day  or  two's  journey  frotn  their  dwellings,     liar  tavouriics. 

whither  they  go  at  feed-time,  and  remain  Some  of  thofe  of  high  rank  when  they 
with  their  families,  till  they  have  Ibw'd  tr.ivel,  wear  fix  or  eight  fkins  for  garments; 
them,  and  then  return  to  their  habitations  odiers,  as  the  king  and  his  greatelt  nobility, 
again.  '  caule  five  or  fix  tkins  to  be  fcw'd  together, 

ii'intul      ""8'*'  llieep,  goats,  cows,  .and  all   forts    interkic'd  with  many  white  and  black  Ipeck- 
*>j().      of  low  I:,,  breed   more  plentifully  here  titan     led  tails,  of  the  fbremention'd  £«*/«)'. 

in  any  other  place  on  the  coafts  of  Congo  and  In  the  midlt  of  the  Ikin,  they  commonly 
Ai\!^oU.  fix  round  tufts,  made  of  the  aforefaid  fur. 

The  inhabitants  arc  O.iong-limb'il,  large  and  white  and  black  parrots  feathers  •,  and 
of  tlaturc,  and  decent  in  behaviour,  com-  at  the  edge,  elephant  hair,  fpread  round  in 
.V«ii(;.  inoiily  Jealous  of  their  wives,  yet  theinlclves  winding  trails.  Every  one  alio  wears  a  firing 
wanton  and  unchallc  •,  covetous  and  greedy  about  his  iniddle,  made  of  the  peeling  of 
to  att.iin  riches,  but  generous  and  free-hearted  Afa/fiwi/v-leaves,  of  which  there  are  two 
One   to  another ;  very   much  addiftcd  to    forts,  one  call'd  Poa-anana,  and  the  other 

Poes- 


.'.Ml 


I    ! 


'.'ISM 


IW- 


'^ij' 


J ,,,, 


J;ll' 


,h»l 


m 


III  ■  . 


it!  m 


-;«  '!!:ir 


47i 


^  Description  of 


with  which   they  tye  their 


CirJUt. 


BraJi. 


Orn»- 
meat  I 


Barbo  r  Poes-anpona : 
^^V^  dochcs  faft. 

BefidLi,  they  have  two  girdles  one  above 
another,  that  is,  one  of  fine  red  or  black 
cloth  (lightly  enibroider'd  in  three  or  four 
places ;  tl>c  other  of  yarn  wrought  in  llow- 
crs,  and  fallen'd  together  before  with  dou- 
ble Ihings,  call'd  Pondei.  Thefe girdles  are 
commonly  three  or  four  inches  broad;  where- 
fore the  cloths  k-nt  thiilier  out  of  Europe, 
with  broad  lifts,  ferve  to  be  embroider'il 
ani    juill'd  to  make  fuch  girdles. 

Some  wear  girdles  of  bulruflies,  and  young 
jialni-branches,  others  of  peelings  of  a  tree 
call'd  Co/la  ;  and  in  other  places  Kmfjii.k, 
which  tiiey  weave  and  plait  together.  Of 
the  fame  peelings  they  make  match  for 
guns,  which  ftands  the  Porii/s^tirji:  in  good 
Head. 

Between  the  upper  and  lower  girdle  tliey 
fct  levcral  forts  of  ornaments,  and  about 
their  necks  white  and  black  beads  -,  the  Lit- 
>'  rthey  call  Iiifiml/,i  Frotta,  but  the  firmer 
hTirs  tlie  greatelt  value. 

Others  wear  triangular  breill-chains, 
brought  tliither  out  of  Europe,  and  by  them 
named  P,i>ipanpane ;  fome  ivory  cut  in  pie- 
ces, and  fome  forts  of  flatfcollops,  which 
they  polilh  very  Imooth  and  round,  and 
wear  them  ftrung  like  neck- laces. 

On  their  naked  legs  they  put  brafs,  cop- 
per, or  iron  rings,  about  the  bignefs  of  the 
linall  enil  of  a  tobacco-pipe,  or  elfe  trim 
them  with  black  and  white  lieails. 

On  their  arms  they  wear  many  ring<^  o*" 
feveral  fifhions,  and  light;  which  they 
temper  in  the  forging,  with  palm  oil. 

Over  their  flioulder  they  hang  a  lack,  a- 
bout  three  quarters  of  a  yard  long,  few'd 
together,  only  a  little  opening  left  to  put 
in  the  hand.  On  their  head  they  have  an 
artificial  cap,  made  to  fit  dole  ;  and  in 
their  hands,  either  a  great  knife,  bow  and 
arrows,  or  a  Iword,  for  they  never  go  with- 
out arms. 

The  womens  clothes  which  .ome  a  little 
below  their  knees,  are  made  of  the  fame  as 
the  mens ;  over  which  they  fometimes  put 
.  a  fine  European  fluff  or  linen,  but  without 
any  girdles:  the  uppermoft  part  of  the  bo- 
dy, and  the  head  remains  always  naked  and 
bare,  but  on  their  arms,  legs  and  necks, 
many  rings,  beads  and  other  toys.  Tliey 
muft  go  always  with  their  heads  uncover'd, 
and  Wear  four  or  five  cloths  of  Kimbi,  or 
Libottgo,  few'd  together,  beneath  their  wailt, 
before  the  belly,  inftcad  of  a  girdle. 

Their  ufual  diet  is  frefli  and  fmoak'd  fifli, 
efpecially  pilchards,  which  they  take  with 
a  hook,  and  boil  with  herbs  and  Acb-j  or 
Brazil  pepper.  People  of  quality,  eat  with 
their  fifh  fome  Majfanga,  or  fmall  millet, 
firft  bruifed  with  a  pellle,  tlien  boil'd  with 
water,  and  fo  kneaded  together. 


U'cmeni 

Af'ttirel. 


Diet. 


They  fwear  by  the  king,  fpeaking  thefe  Q*tlii, 
words,  F)[^a  mani  Lovango  ;  but  the  high- 
ell  oath  is  the  drinking  of  Bjndcs  root,  and 
never  ufed  but  when  fomething  is  prcfently 
to  be  undertaken  or  perform'd. 

This  Sondes  is  only  the  root  of  a  tree,  of supnjiiii. 
a  ruftet  colour,  very  bitter,  and  aftringcnt,  •<"  *<»*. 
and  as  they  fay,  has  by  enchantment  of  the 
Gjnga,  or  conjurer,  a  perfect  power  and 
vertue  given  it.  Th.ey  fcrape  the  root  with 
a  knife,  and  put  it  into  a  pot  of  water,  of 
which  the  acculcd  perlon  t.ikes  about  a  pine 
and  a  half,  adminiftred  by  fome  one  ap- 
pointed by  the  king  for  that  purpofe. 

It  would  be  teilious  to  relate,  all  the  par- 
ticulars tor  wliich  this  B  luL-  ilrink  is  made 
ufe  of,  in  all  cafualties  or  milliaps  ;  for 
they  believe  nothing  befds  them  by  chance, 
but  iliffly  maintain  lome  enemy  has  by  his 
Mvqulfics  or  forceries,  hr()i!ii,ht  it  upon  tiier , 
I  (liall  inll,  e  only  thefe  few  examples  if  Eavm-..!- 
a  man  be  kilJM  in  a  wood  or  by  the  .vay,-"^'""""'- 
by  a  tvger,  or  wolf,  they  firmly  believe""'' 
and  fay,  thetygerwasa  Dak'i'i,  that  is,  a 
forcerer  or  witch,  wlio  had  by  the  Ahqui/ies, 
or  charms,  chaiij^'d  'imftlf  ii.to  luch  a 
beall ;  and  wholocver  inoiiKi  endeavour  to 
perfuade  them  to  think  otherwife,  would 
be  I  uigh'd  at,  and  taken  for  a  fool.  So  if 
any  man's  houle  or  goods  happen  to  be 
burnt,  they  fay  one  or  other  of  the  Moqui- 
fics  has  let  them  on  fire;  or  if  at  any  time 
they  have  a  more  than  ufual  drought,  they 
fay  fome  Mcquifie  has  not  his  defire,  and 
therefore  keeps  back  the  rain ;  anti  there- 
fore they  ufe  the  Bovde  drink  to  enquire  or 
find  out  who  is  the  caufe  of  thofe  misfor- 
tunes. 

In  like  manner,  if  any  weighty  or  cri- 
minal matter,  cither  of  forcery  or  theft,  be 
laid  to  any  one's  charge,  and  it  cannot  be 
afcertain'd  by  the  oracle  of  G/j;;^a,  or  their 
conjurer,  they  forthwith  condemn  the  fuf- 
pedled  perfon  to  drink  of  the  Bonde  drink. 
The  manner  how  it  is  adminillred,  is  tedious 
to  relate,  therefore  I  forbear  mentioning  it  ; 
but  muft  fay,  tiie  Boi.di;  givers  often  ufe 
much  juggling  and  impofture  :  for  tho'  the  C»r--»i;.- 
perfon  accus'd  be  not  guilrv,  they  will  byj*'''?"""' 
their  forcery  make  him  fail;  if  either  the 
people  hafe  him,  or  tlie  ar  ufers  are  great ; 
or  if  a  rich  perfon  is  ^'.U'lty,  he  may  ea- 
fily  by  bril)es  and  gifts,  be  decl.ir'd  inno- 
cent ;  but  the  poor  .ue  fure  of  death,  for 
then  their  accufers  bring  them  naked,  tJieir 
caps  and  domes  being  for  themarter  of  the 
Bonde,  belbre  the  king's  court,  where  they 
receive  fentence  of  deatii,  to  be  liew'd  in 
pieces. 

The  women  do  all  the  'ervile  works ;  for 
they  break  the  ground,  fow  and  reap,  pkick 
up  the  millet,  beat  it  into  meal,  boil  it, 
and  give  it  to  their  hulbands  to  eat,  who 
cake  care  for  nothing  but  drink.     Much 

after 


the  Lower  Ethiopia. 


47J 


Triiii 


n ;  and  thcrc- 


C.V'  [or 


nfter  the  fiime  manner,  the  natives  of  Hr- 
n^iiiiii  leave  to  tiicir  wives  the  wliole  care  ot" 
wiavinf?,  lowing,  reaping  ami  plaining, 
whillt  tliey  employ  tliemlelves  in  hunting 
anil  li filing. 

When  the  hufljimi  eats,  the  wife  fits  far 
off  ani.1  takes  the  leavings  ;  and  th^y  are  lb 
flividily  t'ubjeft  to  their  luilbands,  that 
they  dare  not  I'pealc  to  them,  but  on  their 
bare  Unees  ;  and  when  they  meet  them,  to 
Ihow  their  fubmifTion,  iiv.ilt  creep  upon  their 
hands.  I'hcy  colour  their  whole  bo.iiis 
with  T'akucl  wood  ground  upon  Hones,  and 
lb  made  tit  tor  painting. 

There  are  many  h.uulicrafts  among  them, 
as  weavers,  ibiiths,  car|>entiTs,  cap  makers, 
potters,  Ix'ad-mikers,  vintners  or  taplhrs, 
iilliLTimn,  cai;oe-makers,  iiKrch.mts,  and 
orluT  traders. 

They  make  a  kir.d  of  hemp,  taken  out  of 
the  pcel'd  h.'avcs  olthe  XIii/omlii!-i''-.s,  a'oout 
liiree  quarters  ot  a  y.ird  l(]uare.  This  hemp  I 
is  ot  iv»o  Ibrts,  the  one  call'd  Pocjiii.ii,  lit 
only  for  coarfe  cloth  ;  and  the  other,  Poc- 
famp.ima,  for  fiii.r :  they  have  a  peculiar 
way  to  beat  this  hemp,  and  to  fpin  it. 

The  y^('r;;/;'/(.',"t' buy  abundance  of  tlufe 
cloths,  and  carry  them  to  l.oaiigo  Si.  Puolo, 
whirc  they  are  Uied  inflead  of  inoiicy  :  for 
in  that  place,  they  are  lire  Ihuulard  to  va- 
lue all  commodities  by.  Every  cloth  callM 
by  the  rofltii^iirfe  Pano  Sambo,  and  by  the 
natives  Moliole  lierry,  confills  of  tour 
pieces  ftitch'd  togctlier,  called  Luonges  ; 
fvcnteen  luch  are  valued  at  one  piece  (li 
fl'.zy  ticking;  aiul  every  pound  of  ivory, 
bears  the  price  of  five  Libonges. 

In  like  manner,  the  inhabitants  of  Liniiz^n, 
inftead  of  money,  ule  flight-wove  tlotlis 
made  ot  the  leaves  of  Aiitomk'-lrcti,  every 
cloth  confilling  of  four  pieces,  each  of  .ibout 
a  tpan  .ind  a  liall  fquare,  ot  which  one  is 
worth  a  penny  ■,  but  of  late  thcle  cloths  are 
fillen  low,  and  coiif.qucntly  little  uled.  B- 
torc  the  crefting  ot  the  Dnuo  U'ejl-liiii  ,t 
company,  when  all  the  inhabitants  of  the 
United  Provinces  were  allowM  to  trade  here, 
the  HoiiaiJers  exchang'd  copper,  ivory,  anil 
other  Jlricdii  goods  lor  thole  handker- 
chiefs, which  enhanced  the  price  thereof-, 
at  prefent,  as  the  DuUh  do  not  I'upply 
thofe  people,  they  are  extraordinarily  low- 
er'd,  or  t.iUen. 

Moll  of  the  wealth  of  the  inhabitants 
confills  in  flaves ;  for  what  other  wealth 
they  have,  is  lavifii'd  profufely  in  idle 
cxpcnces. 

The  commodities  brought  out  of  this 
country  by  the  Wbilii,  are  elephants  teeth, 
copper,  tin,  lead,  iron,  and  other  things ; 
but  the  metals  are  gotten  with  great  labour 
by  the  inha!.'itants,  bccaufe  of  ilie  great  dif- 
tance  of  the  miii^i.  Moft  of  the  copper  i^ 
brought  Ifom  Sond'j^  not  far  from  Abi£:nut, 
or  the  empire  of  Prtflcr-'Jobn. 

Vol.  V. 


Towards  September,  many   fmiths  rcfortBAimoT. 
to  So'uli  from  feveral  countrie«,  to  melt  coo-  '•^V^ 


who  continue  there  till  M'i\,  and  tlien 


Csmmo- 


P"i    "-  ,■.'  ••••"  -;-  ..me, 

depart,  becaule  ot  tlie  approaciiing  dry  fe.i-  cj  ,i,e 
Ion:  but  by  the  unlkillulne'",  of  the  ivu  Coumry, 
bitants,  this  copper  is  much  debas'd,  beCiufe 
they  melt  all  metals  one  among  another  ; 
to  prevent  which,  fome  have  b.;'.'n  lent  wiicre 
the  mines  are,  to  teach  them  to  diftinguifh 
and  feparite  the  metals  ;  bur  they  would 
never  permit  them  to  do  any  thin;^,  or 
be  perfuaded  to  alter  their  own  ignorant 
method. 

1  he  EurnpeuKi  export  alio  from  this 
country  elephants  tails,  which  the  Portii- 
Xi'.'i'^  buy  and  carry  to  Ix,aiul.i  ileSl.  Pnclo, 
where  they  prove  very  good  and  rich  mcr- 
chalv.!i^e  ;  that  is,  .m  luiiidred  hairs  put  to- 
gether, they  value  .it  a  thouland  A',;;,  or 
fix  Ihilliiigs.  This  liair  the  BLuki  braid 
very  fiiiily,  and  \v,,ir  about  their  necks  -, 
Hit  the  grcatcll  and  loiigelt  hair  brai  led, 
thty  wear  about  their  waill,  of  whkh  fifty 
hair^■  are  fold  for  a  thouland  Jieis. 

Loting}  ufes  to  \cni.\  ye.irly  abund.mce  of 
ivory;  but  the  cjuanlity  continu.illy  tlccrcafes, 
becaule  the  ii.uivis  letch  it  fo  tarojt  of  the 
country,  and  carry  ii  on  th  ir  head,.  The 
chicfilt  pl.iee  wlirre  the  llaple  for  this  com- 
modity remains,  is  call'd  l^ahkjineie,  or  Biik- 
kemealr,  about  three  hundred  I'.iit^lijl  miles 
up  the  country  ;  lb  that  the  B!,icks  are  neat- 
three  months  on  their  journeys,  Ibrwards 
and  backwards.  But  many  of  the  elrpli.mts 
teeth  carried  from  Bukkcmrdle,  are  of  thole 
which  die  naturally,  an.i  are  found  in  tiie 
woods  i  and  therefore  look  ot  a  decay 'd  co- 
lour, as  if  they  were  rotten. 

The  commodities  brougli:  by  thofe  of 
L')ii);go,Are  fait,  iialm-oil,  broad  knives  made 
by  theinfelvcs,  loarfe  fii/y  ticking,  bl.ick 
looking-glalles,  culhiondeaves,  and  for.ie 
other  trit'ii's,  befides  flaves,  and  elephants 
teeth  :  they  make  ufc  6fthele  flaves  to  carry 
their  goods  from  place  to  place,  to  lave  other 
extraordinary  ch.iige  of  earriage. 

The  roads  from  Lo.nyro  to  Pomho,  SonJ\,  Roiiiri. 
Monfel,  Great  Mok  ko,  lying  north-eaft  and 
eafl  north-eall,  are  much  inlelled  by  the  Jd^o 
man-eaters  ;  fo  that  it  is  d.mgerous  tor  mer- 
chants to  travel  that  vvay,  ilio'  they  ulually 
go  in  whole  troops,  or  carravans  under  a 
chief  comn'iander,  who  is  very  taithful  to 
them. 

l-'or  obtaining  ot  a  free  trade  in  Loango,  p„f,„t, 
the  IVhites  give   prefents  to   the  king,  An^for  Uhrriy 
his  mother  the   quem,  anel  two  noblemen,'"  "''"'''• 
appointed    overl'eers   ot    the   taClory,   callM 
ALiiiikes,  and  .\Ia>iikiiii;:t,  and  feveral  othjrs. 

In  trading,  the  />/,;.(•;  ufe  their  own  lan- 
guage ;  yet  tome  filhctmen  on  the  Ihore 
("peak  broken  Portnguefe,  and  there  commonly 
ftrve  as  brokers  between  the  buyers  and  fel- 
lers, as  ill  Europe. 


•'}li-\ 


VI: 


l'«" 


I  \S. 


m 


l^.s 


M 


f.<t- 


;.|l:  i 


K'fiH''" 


6E 


The 


474 


A  Description  of 


\n 


i?ii 


i'ii 


M,! 


i^i:ii:n 


U 


»< 


li 


\-'\ 


'WM\ 


BAr  HOT.     The  king  of  hoangn  has  the  reputationof  a 

^■^'V^  potent  lord,  being  able  to  bring  numerous 

I'^^'jy/, armies  into  the  field  ;  and  tho*  not  (b  much 

Loango.    relpefted  as  dreaded,  by  the  i<ings  of  Cakngo 

andGv,ytt  he  lives  in  friendlhipwith  them, 

and  holds  good  correfpondence  with  thole 

of  AugoLi.  His  jurifdidion  extends  into  the 

country  eaftwird,  almoft  as  far  as  on  the 

fea-coafl,  being  known  by  the  general  name 

of  Mounljc  or  Mamloan^o. 

This  prince  has  a  great  council  to  ad- 
vifc  in  matte's  of  rtate,  conipofcd  of  his 
prineip.d  officers ;  but  particularly  of  fix, 
who  have  the  title  of  Mnn't,  that  is  lord  -, 
and  are  governors  of  his  fix  provinces :  but 
it  would  be  tedious  to  give  all  the  par- 
ticulars concerning  ihefe,  as  well  as  of  the 
king's  pomp,  both  in  his  own  pcifon,  anil 
if.ite,  in  private  or  publick  occurrences. 
And  tlierefore  I  refer  you  tothelargeaccounts 
given  hy  other  authors  •,  and  fliall  only  fay, 
it  is  more  funiptuous  and  polite  tlian  wliat- 
cvcr  I  have  delcrib'd  of  any  ot  the  Qu'iKca 
rt.onarchs,  thefe  EliAo'inu  kings  appearing 
better  tafhionM  in  their  behaviour  than  the 
former  ;  whicli  m.iy  perhaps  be  attributed 
to  their  continual  commerce  with  the  Por- 
tiii;u(;c  of  CiiHi;o  and  /higohu  tor  a  longtime; 
and  perhaps  their  being  nearer  to  /Ibijlhiin. 
I  will  here  take  notice  of  fome  extraor- 
dinary particulars  of  this  Loaiig",  king's  gran- 
deur, and  the  veneration  paid  him  by  all 
his  lubjefts,  without  any  exception,  as  my 
authors  relate   it. 

The  king  commonly  wears  cloth,  or  (luff, 
which  the  Porthgut-fe  or  other  IFhites  carry 
him.  He  and  his  great  ifficers  have  on 
tluir  left  arm  the  fkin  of  a  wild-cat  few'd  to- 
gether, with  one  end  Huffed  round  and  lliff. 
Hov  the  Tiiis  prince  has  j')eculiar  tbrms,  and  cuf- 
king  euti.  toms  in  eating  and  drinking  ;  for  which  he 
keeps  two  levcral  houfes,  one  to  eat,  and 
the  other  to  drink  in  :  and  tho'  he  has  many 
houles,  yet  by  virtue  of  this  cuftom,  he 
may  ui'v  no  other.  He  makes  two  meals 
a-ii.iy,  the  firll  in  the  morning,  about  ten 
a-clock,  wlien  his  meat  i^  brought  in  co- 
ver'd  bafkets,  near  which  a  man  goes  with 
a  great  bell,  to  give  notice  to  every  one  of 
the  coming  of  the  king's  ililhes  •,  who,  as 
foon  as  he  is  accjiiainted  with  it,  leaves  the 
romixiny  he  is  wiih,  and  goes  thither.  But 
the  fervants  all  withdraw,  becaufe  neither 
man  nor  beaft  m.iy  fee  him  eat,  but  it  muft 
die  ;  and  therefore  he  eats  with  his  doors 
(hut.  Howflrii^  ly  they  oblervc  this  cullom, 
has  appear'd  in  thetwotbllowing  inftances. 
M  Jit  A  dog  the  king  was  extraordinarily  fond 
that  lee  of,  not  hiing  well  witch'd  by  his  keeper, 
'""""""■once  thiii.t  the  uoor  open  with  his  nole, 
and  got  in,  looking  at  the  king  i  who  in- 
ftantly  c.iufed  the  fervants  to  kill  him. 

Ail.. ;'ier  time  it  happenetl,  that  a  noble- 
man's child  about  ftvtn  or  eight  years  old, 


being  with  his  father  in  the  king's  ban- 
queting houfe,  fell  afleep,  and  when  the 
king  was  drinking  awaked ;  whereupon  it 
was  inftantly  fentcnced  to  die,  with  a  re- 
prieve for  fix  or  fcven  days  at  the  fither's 
requeft  ;  that  time  elapfed,  the  child  was 
ftruck  upon  the  nofe  with  a  fmith's  ham- 
mer, and  the  blood  dropped  upon  the '  ing's 
M'lkijie!,  and  then  with  a  cord  about  his 
neck  was  dragg'd  on  the  ground  to  a  broad 
way,  to  which  malcfadors  are  drawn,  who 
cannot  bear  the  trial  of  the  Sonde. 

When  the  king  has  done  eating,  he  ufu- 
ally  goes  in  Hate,  attended  by  the  nobility, 
officers,  and  common  people,  to  his  ban- 
queting houfe,  the  greatell  and  moil:  funip- 
tuous flruftuie  in  all  his  court,  ibntiingin 
a  plain,  fenced  with  palm-tree  boughs ; 
wherein  the  moll  intricate  caiiles  arc  decided 
and  detertninrd  in  his  prefence. 

This  hnul  ■  his  the  (ore-fide  op;-n,  to  re-nr:^;.. 
ceive  all  advantages  of  the  air  ;  ab'.jut ''«•■<,''. 
twenty  foot  backward  is  a  Ikreen,  or  par- 
tition, made  a-crofs  one  fide,  eight  foot 
broad,  and  twelve  foot  long,  where  tliey 
keep  the  palm-wine,  to  prefcrve  it  from 
the  fight  of  the  people.  This  partition  has 
hangings,  from  the  top  to  the  bottom,  of 
fine  wrought,  tufted  or  quilted  leaves,  cali'd 
by  them  Kuii:t>il ;  clofe  to  which  is  a  "Tud, 
or  throne,  with  very  fine  little  pillars  of 
white  and  black  palmetto-branches,  arti- 
ficially wrought  in  the  manner  of  bafkct- 
work. 

The  throne  is  a  fathom  long,  a  foot  and 
a  half  high,  and  two  foot  broad  •,  on  each 
fiile  (fand  two  great  bafkets  of  the  fame 
work,  made  of  reel  and  black  wicker, 
wherein,  the  Blacki  fay,  the  king  keeps  Ibme 
familiar  fpirits  for  the  guard  of  his  jierfon. 
Next  him,  fits  on  each  fide  a  cup-bearer  -, 
he  on  the  riglit  hand  reaches  him  the  cup^^^^^. 
when  he  is  minded  to  drink:  but  the  other  ji ,;,... 
on  the  left,  only  gives  warning  to  the  pco-'i'^i. 
pie  ;  to  that  end,  holding  in  his  hands  two 
iron-rods,  about  liie  bignels  of  a  finger, 
and  pointed  at  tlie  end,  which  he  llnkes 
one  againft  the  other  ;  at  which  found,  the 
people,  who  are  commonly  as  well  within 
the  houfe  as  without,  immediately  hide  their 
faces  in  the  faml,  and  continue  in  that  pof- 
ture  as  long  as  the  irons  continue  making 
a  noife,  whiih  is  till  he  has  done  drinking  : 
then  they  rife  up  again,  and  acconling  to 
cuftom  iignily  that  they  wilh  him  health, 
with  clapping  their  hands,  that  being  a  fign 
of  refpedt,  as  with  us  in  Euro-pc  the  putting 
off  the  hat. 

As  none  may  fee  the  king  cat  or  dr^  . 
withou  incurring  certain  death,  (b  no  fub- 
jedl  may  drink  in  his  prelence,  but  muft 
turn  his  back  to  him:  but  the  kingfeldom 
(h'nks  there,  except  for  tafhioii-fike,  and 
that  not  till  about  fix  in  the  evening,  or 

half 


the  Lower  Ethiopia. 


half  an  hour  liter,  if  any  difficult  controverfy 
)i.\s  been  in  tlL'b.itL-.  Sometimes  he  goes 
thence  at  four,  and  recreates  himftlf  among 
his  wives. 

About  an  hour  after  fun-fet,  he  comes  the 
fecond  time  to  the  afore  menrion'd  place  to 
eat,  where  his  ineat  is  again  made  ready  as 
before.  ThatcndL"d,he  vifitshisbanqueting- 
houle  again,  and  remains  there  about  nine 
hours,  lometimes  not  fo  long,  as  he  finds 
himfelf  dilpofed  or  indifpofed.  In  the  night 
one  or  two  torehes  arc  carried  before  him  to 
light  him. 

None  may  drink  out  of  his  cup  befidei 
himil'lfi  nor  any  eat  of  the  food  i\e  has  cafted, 
but  tiie  remainder  mutt  be  buried  in  the 
earth. 

The  king  never  comes  abroad  but  on  ac- 
count of  an  ambalTador  from  a  foreign  na- 
tion, or  wiien  a  leopard  is  taken  in  the  coun- 
try, or  on  the  day  on  whicii  Ifis  land  is 
tilled  by  his  wives,  or  his  chief  nobility 
pay  him  tribute,  l-'or  this  his  appearance, 
there  is  a  place  appointed  before  his  court, 
being  an  even  and  great  plain,  in  the  m\<\\\ 
of  the  city.  He  generally  goes  thither 
about  three  a-clock  in  the  afternoon,  and 
continues  there  till  about  four  or  five.  The 
Itool  or  feat  he  then  fits  on,  is  raifed  upon 
a  foot-pace  drelTed  with  white  and  black 
wickers,  very  artificially  woven,  with  other 
curious  ornaments :  behind  his  back  hangs, 
on  a  pole,  a  fhield,  cover'd  with  divers  party- 
colour'd  (lutfs,  brought  out  of  Europe.  Be- 
fore his  feat  is  fpread  a  great  cloth  twenty 
fathom  long,  and  twelve  broad,  made  of 
quilted  leaves few'd  together,upon  which  none 
may  tread  but  the  king  and  his  children. 

The  cultom  of  fitting  in  the  open  air  at 
publiek  ceremonies,  or  to  deliberate  on  af- 
fairs of  rtate,  or  to  hear  caules,  may  be  de- 
riv'd  from  the  7^M'j,as  we  read  iChrort.  xviii. 
().  That  the  kings  Jofapbat  and  Ackah  late 
on  their  thrones  in  the  place  of  Samiirui, 
near  the  gate.  In  ancient  times  the  towns 
were  not  fo  large  as  our  capital  cities  in 
Euroie,  which  can  hardly  be  lubfilled  by  the 
pr(xl""it  of  the  laads  for  an  hundred  miles 
abouw  them.  They  were  then  fmall,  in- 
habited but  by  a  fmall  number  of  labourers 
and  ludbandmen,  fufficient  to  till  the  ground 
about  tiiem.  Thence  it  is,  that  the  fole  tribe 
of  Judith  reckoned  a  hundred  and  fifteen  fuch 
towns  wuhin  its  precind,  each  of  them 
having  fomc  villages  depending  on  it.  The 
market  was  the  general  rendezvous  for  all 
artairs,  and  at  the  town-gate  all  publiek  con- 
cerns were  managed,  efpccially  in  the  days  of 
the  patriarchs,  Goi,  xxiii.  lo,  i8.  and 
xxxiv.  20.  Abraham  purchafed  his  burial- 
place  in  the  pretence  of  all  thofe  who  en- 
tered the  gate  of  the  town  of  Hebron,  When 
llcmor  and  his  Ion  Skbem  propofed  to  make 


47  > 

an  alliance  ^\\.\\  ^\\c  Ifraeliles,  it  was  ar  t!ip  " or. 

gate  of  the  town.  For  publiek  adls  tranfrdt  ,1  ^\'%/ 
at  the  town-gates,  fee  the  hiflory  of  Bj/i^, 
how  he  took  Ruth,  the  M'abite,  for  liis 
wife,  Ruth  iv.  It  may  be  faid,  that  the  gate, 
among  the  Hebrews,  was  ani'werable  to 
the  market-place  among  the  Romans.  The 
Time  is  (till  to  be  feen  at  Sarum,  where  the 
judges  fit  in  an  open  place,  in  the  great 
market,  under  the  city-hall. 

The  nobility  fit  in  long  rows,  every  one 
with  a  buffalo's  tail  in  his  hand.  Some  fit 
on  the  bare  ground,  others  on  cloths  made 
ot  leaves,  and  about  them  all  the  king's 
mufick,  confiiling  of  three  forts;  wind  in- 
ftruments  of  ivory,  or  elephant's  teeth  hoi- *'i';(^^''' 
low'd,  like  trumpets;  fuch  drums  as  they  mfn/i. 
have  on  the  GV'.'  Conjl,  and  the  third  Ibrt 
refembles  fuch  a  fieve  as  is  ufed  for  meal, 
but  that  the  lioop  is  bigger  and  deeper,nbouc 
which  there  are  long  holes  cut,  two  and  two 
together,  each  about  the  length  of  a  finger. 
In  each  hole  tlu-y  put  two  brals  bells,  falten'd 
to  the  wood  with  brals  pins  :  this  iiillrument 
Ihook,  founds  like  the  bells  on  wheels. 

Tiie  noblemen  and  others  dance  there,  !);,«;,„ 
without  any  regard  to  civility  or   modelty, 
Ihamclelfly  dilcovenng  their  nakednefs,  both 
belbre  and  behind  ;  their  dances  being  very 
unfeemly  and  barbarous. 

Before  the  king's  cloth  fit  fome  dwarfs  oiovurf,, 
a  pigmy  ftature,  but  with  heads  of  a  prodi- 
gious bignefs,  who  the  more  to  deform  them 
have  the  (kin  of  fome  wild  beaft  tied  about 
them.  Thefc  they  call  Bakke  Bakkf,  or  Mi- 
nos  indifferently  ;  and  fay,  there  is  a  wilder- 
nefs,  where  none  but  fuch  dwarfs  fefide, 
who  ffioot  at  elephants. 

There  fit  alfo  certain  l-mte  men  by  the  White 
king,  with  fkins  on  their  heads,  and  indeed  at"""* 
a  dillancethey  look  like  our  Europtiiiti,  ha- 
ving not  only  great  eyes,  but  red  or  yellow 
hair  ;  their  eyes  as  it  were  fixed  in  their 
heads,  like  people  that  lie  a  dying  :  their 
fight  weak  and  dim,  turning  their  eyes  as  if 
they  fquinted,  but  at  night  they  fee  well, 
cfpecially  by  moon-fliine. 

Some  are  of  opinion,  that  thofe  IVhite 
men  fprung  from  a  great-bellied  Black  vi'ith 
child,  having  feen  a  ^K;6i7^  ;  as  we  read,  that 
a  IVhite  woman,  being  with  child,  upon 
feeing  the  pidure  of  a  Black,  brought  fortlx 
a  Black  child.  However,  thisfeems  worthy 
remark,  if  true,  as  reported,  that  theli; 
H''hile>,  of  either  lex,  are  incapable  of  ge- 
neration. 

Tht  Portuguefi  call  thekff^ite  men  Abi- 
noes,  and  have  attempted  to  take  lomc  of 
them  prifoners  in  their  wars,  and  to  carry 
them  over  to  Brazil  to  work  ;  for  they  are 
very  llrong,  but  fo  addifted  to  idlenefs, 
that  they  had  rather  dietbiiQ  do  any  tuilltioie 
labour. 

The 


ir  'y 


■"^  i 


:\m 


i[l;lii;i;^i 


416 


A  Description  of 


irizfi. 


T.  ill  of 
lirrm. 


Barmot.     The  like  fort  of  men  have  been  found  by 

'^'V'^thc  Netherlaudcfi  ami  Pottii^uef,-,  not  only 

in  Africa,  but  alio  in  India,  in  tin-  ifl.md  of 

B'lrnno,    anil    in   NiW   Guinea,    callM   the 

country  of  Pa/oiis,  fays  FojUks. 

The  king  ules  tlicm  in  molt  of  his  reli- 
gious ceremonies,  as  in  Miaking  Mokifies, 
f ron  whence  tiicy  have  generally  that  name 
among  the  natives,  which  in  our  languige 
properly  fignifits  ficKI-dcvils.  The  king 
his,  as  \\\v:  lil.!,ki  report,  nt-ar  fevc-n  thou- 
fand  wivfs }  for  afur  the  dcceafe  of  one 
king,  his  fucceflbr  keeps  all  his  wives,  and 
adds  many  niorf  to  them  :  thife  wives  have 
no  great  refpidl  piidthemj  for  they  mull 
work  no  lei's  than  other  women.  Some 
few  of  them  he  Ickcls  for  his  amours,  a;,  I 
with  till  m  fpends  much  tinvj  v  thi:  others 
arc  flnie  up    like  nuns  in  iloyllers. 

Wlien  one  of  [Jufc  proves  with  cliild. 
Come  man  mull  drink  BoiuU  for  her,  to 
know  whether  Ihe  has  had  to  do  with  any 
o'her  but  the  king.  If  the  man  who  has 
fo  drank  be  well,  they  judge  the  wom.in 
upii:;ht  ■,  but  if  the  man  filK,  (lie  is  con- 
tlemnM  and  barnt,  and  the  adulterer  bu- 
ried alive. 

The  king  m.tkes  choice  of  one  to  be  as 
a  mother,  a  grave  matron  of  tried  repu- 
tation, whomthey  call  M.ikomh  \  and  her  he 

AMrhe   refpeds  more  than  his  own  natural  mother, 

mother.  This  A[:'koiuLi  has  very  great  prerogatives 
at  court,  none  daring  to  controul  her,  even 
in  fitisfyiiig  her  own  unruly  apjietite,  as 
often  and  with  whom  fhe  pleafes  -,  anti  what- 
ever children  Ihe  gets  by  fuch  means,  are 
aceounied  of  the  royal  race:  but  if  her 
gallants  meddle  with  other  women,  they 
are  put  to  death,  unlefs  they  make  their 
cfeape  in  rime. 

1  he  fecil-time  being  ufually  every  year 
fix'd,  iVoui  the  firll  to  the  fourth  o( 'Ja- 
fiaaiy,  all  the  wives  of  this  nation,  the  kin!:;'s 
not  ejtceptfd,  mult  break  their  lands  to  be 
fown,  for  the  fp.ice  c'  about  two  hours 
going  in  lengtli,  and  one  hour  in  breadth  ; 
the  Men  being  then  moll  of  them  under 
arms,  and  in  thtir  belt:  appar  1,  going  con- 
ll'.ntlv  to  and  fro,  to  warn  the  women  to 
work,  and  to  take  care  that  no  violence- 
be  done  to  any.  There  alfo  the  king  flievvs 
himfdf  at  three  in  the  afternoon,  in  his 
highlit  itate,  to  encourage  them  to  work  ; 
and  in  the  evening  they  all  eat  at  his  charge  : 
fo  that  tliofc  days  are  accounted  hiijrh 
feftivais. 

Jujiiit.  The  adminiltration  of  juftice,  and  pu- 
nilhing  of  vice,  feems  to  be  according  to 
Lex  Talitiiis .  for  theft  is  not  punifli'd  by 
death,  except  il  bcagainft  the  king  •,  other- 
wile  the  thief  being  taken  in  the  very  aft  or 
afterwards,  the  things  itolen  mult  be  made 
good  by  him  or  his  friends,  and  he  expofed 


1 1 'omen 
Jov, 


bound,  to  publick  fcorn  and  derifioninthe 
midit  of  the   Itreet. 

If  any  emball'idor  or  nobleman  of  thex;.f«(.;„,„ 
country  di  fires  to  fpeak  to  the  king,  he''"*'"i. 
mull  firll  give  notice  thereof  by  the  found 
of  two  or  three  claps  with  the  hands,  which 
every  one  picfent  aniwers  after  the  fame 
manner  ;  then  the  fuppliant  cries  out  aloud, 
Em/0')  Luijun  biaii  I'uns^o,  th.it  is,  hejrken 
for  Goa'i  fike  ;  whereto  the  people  about 
him  anfwer  TiiiiimM,'  Zingn,  which  figaifies 
loii^  live  God.  After  which  the  p;'titioner 
begins  his  fpeech  with  the  word  W.y,  ulual 
among  them,  and  ends  with  the  words  //; 
mama  ll'ag,  which  is  .is  mikh  as  to  I'ly  f 
heriwitb  conclii.'.c :  whereupon  thole  that 
have  any  tiling  to  fiy  ag.iiiill  i',  begin 
and  end  in  the  lame  mmner.  And  this 
torm  of  f[)eeih  they  ufe  in  all  their  mat- 
ters of  j'lllice,  warrants,  and  orders  of  the 
king. 

When  the  inhabitants  of  Loaui^')  h\vcKillmi,f 
lodg'd  a  leopard  in  liie  woo.is,  every  onj '■■'?■"■•'' 
is  warn'd  by  the  found  of  horns  or  trum- 
pets to  be  re.icly  to  attend  the  king  at 
the  game;  if  it  be  far  o;;",  the  king  i-, 
carried  in  a  fquare  I'.at  about  two  foot  lieep, 
made  of  block-tin,  and  artificially  vvrou>>lu, 
by  four  mm,  two  before,  and  two  behind, 
holding  two  poles,  on  each  fide  one,  co- 
ver'd  with  blue  doth :  when  come  to  tht: 
leopard's  den,  they  intlantly  bcler  it  round, 
every  one  being  ready,  fome  with  bows 
and  arrows,  and  others  vith  lances  and  darts. 

Before  the  king,  who  Hands  a  little  rais'd 
above  the  relt,  they  I'pread  long  nets  en- 
compafs'd  by  the  people,  who,  to  roufc  the 
bealt,  make  feveral  forts  of  Itrange  and 
uncouth  noifes,  with  horns,  drums,  fliou- 
ting,  and  the  like  ;  and  the  leop.iril  hav- 
ing in  vain  tried  all  means  to  cfcap.-,  tii  'd 
out  and  over- power'd  with  multitudis,  fuis 
a  prey  to  his  eager  purfu-'is,  who  forth- 
with bring  him  into  the  pl.iin  before  the 
king's  palace,  where  the  iiunters  triumph 
over  thecarcafs  with  dancing,  leaping,  fin;;- 
ing,  and  all  kiuvls  of  revelling  piflimes.  Ai'- 
terwards  the  king  ap,)oinis  dive.rs  noble- 
men, to  overfee  the  (tri[ipingof  the  leopard, 
and  to  bring  the  Ikin  to  him  ;  but  the 
flefb,  together  wirh  the  bowels,  the  gill 
only  taken  out,  they  bury  very  deep  in  the 
earth,  that  it  may  not  be  dug  up  again. 
The  gall,  which  they  reckon  to  be  a  molt 
venomous  poifon,  they  cut  up  in  tlie  pre- 
fencp  of  many,  and  fling  into  the  midilt  of 
a  river,  that  none  mi"  nake  ufe  thereof 
to  the  damage  of  an"'     r. 

When  any  nobleri..)  las  fliot  a  leopard, 
he  brings,  as  a  toke  .  ot  it,  the  tail  to  the 
king  on  the  top  of  .,  p.dmetto-pole,  and 
pitches  it  in  the  eardi,  without  any  noife 
or  further  ceremony. 

The 


the  Lower  Ethiopia. 


fMirtl'if  Tht,  ceremonies  at  the  funcnil  of  a  king 
ti»i'-  ari.'  tliefc :  Firll,  they  make  a  vault  under 
ground,  where  tliey  phice  the  dead  king 
in  his  richeft  habit,  on  a  ftool  ;  and  by  him 
all  manner  ol  houihold-ftutt",  as  pots,  ket- 
tles, pans,  clothes  and  garments. 

Then  they  make  many  little  images  of 
wood,  and  red  earth,  and  fet  them  round 
about  the  corps  as  reprefentatives  of  his  fer- 
vants  and  houlhokl  goods. 

Next,  the  botlies  of  many  Daves  are  fjt 
by  the  corps,  either  in  dv:  lame,  or  fome 
aviioiiiing  vault,  to  lerve  tiie  king,  as  th'.y 
b.l.Ci'e,  in  the  other  world,  and  to  fliew 
wliL-n  they  fhall  come  to  the  great  monarch, 
wiiit  manner  or  perfon  he  has  been  liere  .■ 
for  th'.y  believe  after  this  anothi-r  life,  yet 
in  general  duide  the  refurreition  of  the 
deail.  'I'hey  hold  feveral  o].inions,  '.jn- 
cerniiig  the  lo'.il  :  lor  thole  of  the  kiny,'s 
f.uiiily  believe,  that  tl.e  loul,  when  .iny  one 
iii(S,  is  born  again  in  Ibme  of  the  fame 
family  v  others,  that  the  foul  and  body 
have  one  determinate  end  ;  fome,  like  the 
Grefki  and  Ronutin,  place  the  foul  among 
the  heroes,  or  elle  bring  it  into  the  num- 
ber ot  their  tutelar  Larei  ;  others  give  them 
a  common  pl.nc  of  refort  under  tiie  earth, 
while  another  fort  make  for  them  little  re- 
ceptacles uniler  the  roofs  of  their  houfes, 
about  a  fpan  in  height  ;  before  which  places, 
when  they  eat  or  drink,  they  make  fome 
olVering. 

Tiiey  further  believe,  that  none  can  die 
of  a  natural  death,  but  all  come  to  tiieir 
end  I ,  mifchance,  or  by  the  power  of  con- 
juration-,  and  that  the  authors  of  thofc  mif- 
chani.es  may  make  the  deceafid  to  come 
out  of  their  graves,  and  keep  them  lor 
tluir  li^rvice :  tliefe  (as  they  fay)  are  fed 
duly  by  the  conjurers,  with  food  boil'd 
wiiiiout  any  lalt  •,  tor  if  any  fak  fliould 
come  in  or  near  it,  the  bodies  would  fol- 
low them   openly. 

Ahrolhi  fays,  that  in  the  year  161^3,  the 
then  king  of  Loaitg^o  was  con>|erted  to  the 
roiuilh  religion,  with  his  whole  court,  con- 
filling  of  above  three  hundred  pcrfons, 
by  lather  Rcrnardim  Unj^aro,  who  in  the 
I'pace  of  a  year  he  liv'd  there,  had  baptizM 
upwards  of  twelve  thoufand  people;  but  the 
fuller  i-lying,  and  after  him  the  king,  and 
a  tyrant  letting  upon  the  throne,  the  milli- 
oners  loll  ground  by  degre^S;  and  the  Cu- 
mi^ojans  are  all  return'd  to  their  former 
conduion,  and  the  kingdom,  as  formerly, 
bury'd  in  idolatry. 
ftlipm.  Xhe  natives  of  Loango,  dikong^o,  and  Goy, 
have  no  knowledge  ot  God  at  all,  or  of  his 
word,  but  only  the  bare  name,  which  in 
their  language  is  Sambiam  Pottle  ;  and  nei- 
titer  care  nor  defire  to  learn   any  more. 

All  atfs  of  devotion  they  perform  to 
the  field  and  houlc-devils,  reprefented  under 

Vol.  V. 


477 

the  fliape  of  idols,  of  wliich  they  have  grcu'^^'  ■>t. 
numbers,  to  each  of  wiiicli  they  give  u  par-  CO^N^ 
ticular  name,  according  as  tliey  attribute 
to  thcni  power,  h.iving  their  ilillind  jmif- 
diftion.  To  Ibme  they  afcribe  the  power 
of  lightning,  and  the  wind  •,  and  alio  to 
ferve  as  fcare-crows,  to  prt  ferve  their  corn 
from  fowl,  and  other  vermin  ;  to  one,  they 
give  the  command  over  the  fiflies  of  the 
lea  i  to  another,  over  liie  fiflies  in  the  ri- 
vers ■,  to  a  third,  over  the  c.ittle,  i^c.  Some 
they  make  protedors  of  their  he.ilth  and 
Safety;  others,  to  avert  evils  ard  mislortunes : 
to  another  again,  they  commeml  tiie  ch.irgc 
of  their  fi^ht  •,  of  Ibme,  tliey  beg  to  be  in- 
Ibuiffed  in  I  he  myllerie:.  of  hidden  arts,  or 
m  igick,  and  to  be  able  even  to  tore-judge 
ofileftinvi  neither  do  th.y  believe  them  ac 
large,  but  circumlcrilie  tlnni  to  limit.d 
places,  and  fhew  their  figures  in  feveral 
thapes;  fome  like  men  •,  otiiers  only  pol-s 
with  linall  irons  on  the  top,  or  elfe  .1  little 
carv'd  image  ;  fome  of  which  flup.s  and 
reprefentations  they  carry  commonly  with 
them,  wherever   they   travel  to  or   tVo. 

Their  greater  idols  ..re  (hick  with  h  ns 
or  pheafants  featlurs  on  their  heai',:,  .md 
with  all  forts  of  talTels  about  tlieir  bo  licsw.inV//  rf 
fome  make  them  in  the  fadiion  of  long  flips, '</''''• 
which  they  wear  about  their  n'cks  antl  ai  ms; 
others  of  cords,  trimin'd  with  fmall  feathers, 
and  two  or  three  Siinhos,  or  little  horns, 
with  which  they  adorn  their  middle,  neck, 
and  arms ;  fome  are  nothing  but  pots  filled 
with  white  earth  •,  others,  bull'aloes  horns 
(luffed  with  the  fame  matter,  and  at  the 
fmdl  end  have  fome  iron  rings. 

Another  fort  yet  more  rivliculous,  is  to 
fill  an  ordinary  round  pot  without  feet, 
with  red  and  white  earth  kn  ad  ti  tOjiether 
with  w.iter,  pretty  high  above  the  Lip;>er 
etlges  ;  which  they  mark  on  the  out-lide 
quite  rounil  with  white  llriaks,  and  llripe 
it  on  the  top  with   variety  of  colours. 

One  of  thele  idols,  they  fiy,  is  jealous 
ot  another  ;  infomuch,  that  wlien  t!iv  y  have 
made  one,  they  prefently  ;zo  to  work  an 
another,  and  feveral  times  are  necefTiCit  d  to 
make  many,  lell  they  flviuld  o'Tend  liu  h 
as  fern  to  be  nejjjlected  •,  b  't  (till  in  iking 
their  adiirefies  to  .til  with  eqi;  li  'iiditrerence, 
as  their  protedors  and  gu.irc  ians. 

'liiey   have  particular  nult.as  to  inflrud  .v//in«fr  »/■ 
them  in  the  making  thefe   idols,  and  r.ill™"^"'i' 
them    En)(,inj^ii,  or  J ti»t;u   Mi.kijie ;    whole' 
fkiU  therein  tliey    much   admire,   and  ac- 
count them  devil-hunters.     When  any  one 
requires  the  F.iigur^,  todiridthim  in  niak- 
il'g  an   idol,   the  petitioner  invites  his  whole 
tribe,  acqu.iinunce,  rel.uioiis,    uid  even  his 
neighbours  ;  and  they   being   alTembled  to- 
gether,   the    Mukijie    or    folemniiy    ci  .1- 
linucs   tor  tlie  Ipace  of  fifi'  en  days,  in  a 
houfc  of  palm-boughs,  nine  of  which  he 
6  F  muft' 


.  iMt. 


;iti^i5i!iH::;;|:| 


■■■'!>; 


'  'iiilil 


'mm: !  !i , ; 


■1    1     ■«  '.M 


i 


fp;: 


;:-^'iiF' 


478 


y4  Description  of 


HA'i'vr.  nuifl:   not    fjw.ik,    aiul   during    the    whole    or  di.ibnliial   fpirit,    h;iving  no  pnrticul.ir 
l^'VN^  time,  h.ivc  no  lonvirfe  with  any-bo.ly.  On    name  for  tlie  tievil,  hut  cillin.;  all  A/o((/;>, 
each  fido  ot  his  month  he  wiars  a  ji.irrot's    where  tiny   kippofj  an  ovcruiling  power, 
feather,  ami  may  not  clap  his  jiantis  if  any     Antl  there-tore  even  rlie  kinj^,  has  the  genera! 
one  l.ilutes  liim  ;  but  as  a  fign  of  "rcaing,     ftile,  or  ailditional  title  of  Mokifie  Lonn^o^Ttv,',- 
ftiikeswitlia  Iniall  Hick  on  a  block  in    his    as  a  ilillinfton,  wliirii  admirably  well  ex  "''■•''.■ 
hanil,    made  floping  narrow  at  the  top,  and     prelTes  that   unlimited  power  by  whieh  he ''"''- 
in  the  middle    hollow,  and  on  the  end  a    can  with  a  word  imi)overilh,  enrich,   huni- 
m^n's  had   carveil :  of  thefe   blocks,  this     blc  or  r.iife,  put  whole  countries  into  con- 
devil-luinter  has  tin ee  Ibrts,  ot  different  fi/.cs.     tulion,  delf  roy  men,  caule  rain  or  drought, 
Much  more  might  be  faiil  of  this  man-     good  or  bid  weather,  tran4'orm  himlelf  in- 
ner of   conjurations,  anil    witchcrafts,  and     to  any  fliape  whatfoever,  ami   many  more 
of  oihe.    riiliiulous  and  impertinent  llorics    luch  like  abfurdities  invented  by  their  Cm- 

gii  iMoktiici  or  nrictls.  to  llrike  an  awe  in- 
to the  people,  not  only  in  favour  of  the 
kinr;,  but  even  of  themlelves  as  Mi'kifief. 

I'o  inlfmcc  in  one  of  their  idols,  Ltkokco 
Mu'^sfu-  is  the  chiell-lf  of  them,  being  a 
wooden    image,    caiv'd  iii  tlie  (hape  ot'  a 


frif  I: . 


of  men  poHetVed  by  the  devil  by  corlju- 
rations  •,  and  the  way  of  driving  the  if,  vil 
out  ol  them,  iis  alio  of  all  their  various  in- 
iunclions  ot  forbidding  to  ule  this  or  tliat 
meat,  or  this  or  that  lii]uor,  or  this  or  tiiat 
lort  of  garments,  whieh  thefe  poor  wretrhe 


oblerve  as  exailly  as  lircMtc; 

an  article  of  the  higheft  taith,  th:it  wiien     coall,    where  tliey  have  a  common  burial- 


it     man  fitiir.r:;,  at  K:ii_t:;<i,  a  town  near  the  lea-'''"'" 


a  Mol;:/;.'  is  olfVnded,  or  when  iiijai-Cfioiis 
or  promifes  made  to  him  are  notlully  per- 
form'd,  he  has  power  to  kill.  Hut  I  tor- 
bear  adding  more  on  that  head,  for  fear  of 
becoming  too  tedious. 

If  a  man  at  any  time  comes  into  a  houfe, 
and  fits  down  unawares  upon  the  corner  of 
a  bed,  where  a  man  and  a  woman  have 
Jain  together,  as  foon  as  he  is  told   of  his 


]'lu'c  'I'hey  have  a  thoufind  ndieulous 
rhimcs  concerning  this  Likokoo;  as  that  he 
piekrves  from  death,  tl;at  he  faves  from 
Inirtby  Doo'^'S,  as  they  call  Ibrcerers;  that  lie 
makes  the  de.ul  rile  out  of  tluir  graves  in 
the  night,  and  forces  them  to  labour,  help- 
ing to  catch  filh  and  to  drive  canoes  in  the 
water,  and  in  the  day  forces  1  hem  to  tlitir 
graves  again  ;  with  many  more  Inch  fiflioiis. 


ftuit,  f.e   mud  go  inftantly  to  a  firiih,  who    wliich  the  oliHolks  make  the  young  believe, 

am',  imprint  in  them  t.om  their  infancy. 

The   lords  or  great  men  in  the  country 
..re  alio  reputed  to  have  tlieir  Iharc  of  .Un- 


commonly fits  with  his  tools  in  tli,:  open 
air,  and  tell  him  the  caufe  of  his  coming: 
he  then  blows  up  a  fire,  and  taking  him 
by  the  little  finger  of  his  left  hand,  turns 
it  ov(.r  'v.-,  tieai!  ;  then  tlriking  two  or  three 


v/7.Vi,    which    maf' 
cileem'd   by    the 


es    them   honour'd 


peop 


and  the 


nd 

lave 


firokes  with  his  hammer,  and  blowing  with     I'tore  or  lefs  ot  it,  according  to  their  degree 


f:is  mouth  upon  his  hands  put  together,  ne 
pronouiices  fome  woriis  with  a  loud  voice, 
wherewith  the  fault  unwittingly  committed 
is  cle.'.ns'd.  This  ceremony  they  tall  Icmja 
Md'il'.i,  that  is.  a  purification,  or  .1  be- 
nediction. 

.'\11  prn-lls  or  conjurers,  that  is,  their  pro- 
phets and  divines,  are  call'd  Gaiix.T,  or 
GV;;.".  I  Mokifti;  each  of  them  having  his  par- 
ticular  denomination,    as    ('tailed  TIhi  ich. 


of  power,   and  their  iiearneli  to  or  dillance 
from  the  king. 

According  to  thtir  Mok-ju-  rules,  theo/w;.r,. 
king's  filler's  Ion,  whillt  he  is  an  infant,  lives'"- 
at  Kii;a,  and  is  forbid  liog's  tlelh;  wlieiipaft 
his  infancy,  he  is  to  refule  at  Moanza,  and 
to  e.it  no  C.(d  I  in  company.  Cola  is  a  truit 
I  have  delcrib'd  in  the  ."count  of  Ci'mha. 
As  loon  as  tH  down  appears  upon  his  cheeks 
he  is  put  to  the  Gaif^.i  Si>/ii[^a,    a  fanious 


Ganga  Boefs  B.JHa,  Ganga   Kyzokoo,    Panfa    prielt,  who  teaches  him  he  is  to  eai  no  pul 


Pojgo,  Alitn/i,  (j^c.  and   innumerable  other 

fuch  names,  either  given  to,  or  alVumM  l)y 

tiitm  from  the  Moki/ie  they  ferve  ;  and  each 

C'ti:gn  is  drels'd  after  a  levcral  manner,  and 

practifes  diftirent    ceremonies,    which    are 

faid  to  be  .IS  comical,  as  ridiculous  and  apifli.    into  all  the  ocean  of  Miicjh's  and  obl'er- 
ff*4<  Mo-      By  the  word  A/p*;//>,  they  mean  a  natur.il     vances. 
kiiic  ii.     fuperOition  .\nd  firm  perhiafion  they  have  of        They  here  tircumcifo  all  the  males,  mcre-oVami- 

fomi  thing  ic-  which  they  alcribe  ,ui  invifible    ly  out  of  cultom  ;  being  able  to  give  noyi«/;. 

power,   in  workn.g  good   to  their  adv.in-    other  reafon  for  lb  doing,   than  that  it  is  of 


lets,  but  what  he  kills  and  drelfjs  himklf. 
Altervvards  as  he  .idvances  towards  the  roy- 
al diadem,  he  obliges  himfelt'to  other  forts 
ot  abltinence  and  ceremonies;  till  being 
afcended  the  throne,    he  gives  a  full  loole 


rage,  or  evil  to  their  prejudice  and  detri- 
ment, 01  from  whieh  they  expedl  to  I  .arn 
the  knowledge  of  paff  or  .'iturc  things: 
which  induces  fome  authors  to  'ay,  it  can- 
rot  be  properly  call'd  idolatry  in  them,  be- 


caufc  they  have  no  knowledge  of  any  deity,   javelins, 


ancient  uliige,  and  has  been  deriv'd  to  them 
from  one  generation  to  another  for  many 
ages. 

The  molt  common  and  genera!  weapons  ^ 
of  the  LoiiHgians,  are  bows  and  arro  /s,  and    "f"'" 


DiSClUf- 


the  Lower  Ethiopia, 


47P 


tio  pirticulir 
mi  all  Mokijir, 
r.uhng  power, 
has  the  m.nenl 

Mokijie  Lnaiigo,revir) 
irably  well  ex  "'*•''•' 
r  by  which  ho '*"'■''- 
,  enrich,   iuini- 
ntrii's  into  con- 
rain  or  (.lrouu,hr, 
form  himleltin- 
inil  m.iny  more 
l1  by  their  Cut- 
IriUe  an  awe  in- 
1^  favour  ot'  il\e 
■cs  as  Mckifte!. 
ir  iilols,  I.tkikr.o 

them,    btint;  a 

the  Ihapo  ot  a 
)\vn  near  the  i;  a- ''"",'; 
common  burial- 
iiiiand  riili-;ulous 
kokoc;  as  that  ho 
It  he  faves  tioni 
Ibrcerers;  th.it  Ix 
it'  iluir  graves  in 
I  to  labour,  help- 
ive  canoes  in  the 
ces  ihcm  to  thtir 
loreluch  fid  ions, 
he  young  bLliive, 
their  infancy, 
en  in  the  country   ^ , 
lieir  iharc  of  M'-"'  "'■  ■ 
m   honour'il  .iml 
;    antl  thty  have 
ng  to  their  degree 

efa  to  or  diUance 

Wn'fh'   rules,    theO/w-..i 
_  isaninlani,  lives'"- 
s  flellr,  whenp,ift 

at  MihViza,  ami 
ly.    Cohi  is  a  fruit 

count  of  Ci'.'wcit. 
rs  upon  his  cheeks 

,iu-<^a,   a  famous 
IS  to  eai  no  pul- 
ful  drelT^s  himlclf. 

towards  the  roy- 

ifelf  toother  forts 
iinies;    till   being 

gives  a  full  loole 
\ck:jh'i  and  obfer- 

I  the  males,  mere- c/Vfumti- 
able  to  give  noiu'i. 
I  than  that  it  is  of 
In  ileriv'd  to  them 
|nother  for  many 

gener.il  weapons 
I:,  and  arro  /s,  anJ 

DtSCRIP- 


_.  r  .1    I-     1       r  *  Their  weapons,  for  they  love  w.ir,   areBAimor. 

Description  »///;.  A,«^./«w  «/ Ansiko.     ^^,.^  ^„^^,,|   ^^^^^  ,„/,,.,,  ^j,,,  ,ii,„,  ^v>-' 

T  T  reaches  on  the  fouth  to  the  territories     colour'd  Inakes-fkins,  fo  that  they  feem  to     ""' 


/rjJui?. 


*  of  Suiide,  Songo,  and  Con^o,  an''  on  the 
north  to  Nubia.  The  inhabitants  arc  of 
two  forts,  Anztkoi  or  /inzi  guis,  and  Jag'js. 
Tiiere  grow  in  it  two  forts  of  fandal  wood  or 
fanders,  iiz.  Red  call'd  Ta-xiHa  \  ami  white 
'/.ikfiigo  ;  with  which  lalf,  being  the  bell, 
beaten  to  powder,  and  mixt  with  palmoii. 


be  made  of  one  piece  \  which  they  do  to 
ftrengtlun,  and  that  they  may  iiokl  them 
fafter  in  their  hands.  They  make  thefc 
bows  of  a  kind  of  rough  black  canes,  which 
prove  very  lading  and  ferviceablc.  The 
arrows  are  fliorr,  light  and  thin,  made  of 
hard  wood,  which  tiicy  commonly  hold  to- 


wn: n. 


the  inhabitants  anoint  their  bodies,  tor  the     gether  with  the  bow  in  their  hands  ;  in  the 

prefervaiion  of  health.      They   have  rich 

copper  mines,  with  whofe  metal  they  fur- 

ni(h  the  kingdom  of  Konio.     l"he  woods 

breed  lions,  and  m.uiy  other  be.ifb,  cont- 

mon  wi  h  l/ani/^^. 

The  natives  in  general  are  a  nimble,  .letive, 
and  well-lliaiu'1.1  people,  elunbing  tin  crag- 
gy mountains  wiih  notable  agility. 


till"' 


They  t.ike  little  care  tor  thtir  livin'^^,  .ind 
dare  attempt  any  thing  without  apprehen- 
fion  or  fear  of  danger.  Among  themlelvis 
they  are  unanimous  ;  to  tlrangers,  with 
whom  they  converl'e,  upnghtand  trii;  -heirt- 
ed  •,  but  have,  by  re.Uonof  ilieir  bjlial  na- 
ture,  little  trade  with  the  If'ritrs. 

Their  common  food  is  m.ui's  llefli,  inl'o- 
much  that  their  markets  are  provitUd  with 
it.  as  ours  in  Kiiiofe  with  beef  or  mutton  ; 
all  prilbners  of  war,  unlets  they  cm  fell  tlu  ni 


ufe  whereof,  they  are  lb  ilcxtrous,  that 
they  can  difcharge  twenty  eight  arrows,  be- 
fore the  iirlt  tails  to  the  ground,  and  kill  a 
bird  flying.  Th'.y  ufe  .ilfo  a  Ibit  of  pole- 
axes,  whole  hnnille  having  a  knob  at  the 
end,  iseover'd  v\ith  liiakes  tkin-.  The  heail 
ihines  very  briglit,  being  t'alk'n'd  in  the 
wood  witli  copper  pins,  and  like  tliofe  in 
ule  formerly  among  us,  lias  at  one  end  a 
Oiar;)  idge  like  a  hatchet,  and  at  the  other 
a  hammer.  In  fight  tin  y  defend  themfelvts 
from  the  enemies  arrows,  with  the  tVit  fides 
thereof,  inflead  ol'a  IhitKI,  ,md  turn  every 
way,  with  liicl.  re.iJ.inel's,  that  they  void  all 
the  lliafts  aim'd  at  them. 

They  we.ir  ,dlo  jHjiiiards  in  iVabbards 
of  fer[\nts  fkins,  hanging  by  bells  of  ele- 
phants hides,  three  lingers  broad,  and  two 
thick.     Some  have  lliields  made  of  wooil. 


alive  to  greater  ailvantage,  they  fatten  for     coverM  with  the  fkin  of  the  beall  call'd 
flaughter,  and  at  laft  fell  them  to  butchers,     Diiiil.i. 


to  fupply  the  markets,  anil  roall  them  on 
fpits,    as  we  do  other  meat. 

This  favage  b:irbarity  is  lb  natural  to 
kUm»n  them,  that  fome  flaves,  whether  as  weary 
lukriiy.  (jf  tiieir  lives,  or  to  fliew  their  love  to  their 
nialKrs,  will  proffer  themlelves  freely  robe 
kiird  and  eaten.  But  that  which  is  n-.oil  in- 
human, and  beyond  the  lavagenels  ot  lualls, 
is,  that  the  father  makes  no  difficulty  to  eat 
his  Ion,  nor  the  Ion  his  father,  nor  one  bro- 
ther the  other  ;  and  whofoevi  r  ilies,  be  the 
difeafe  ever  to  contagious,  yet  they  eat  the 
fljlh  immediately,  as  a  choice  difli. 

The  nobles  and  other  women  of  quality 
cover  themlelves  from  head  to  loot  with 
mantles;  but  the  common  women  wear  on- 
ly a  cloth  hanging  down,  girt  about  their 
middle,  and  go  barefoot. 

The  habit  of  the  men  of  the  common 
tort,  differs  not  much  from  thofe  of  l.nmgo, 
but  people  of  ank  have  garments  of  filk, 
or  cloth,  and  on  thcii  heads  red  or  black 
caps,  of'"  ;ir  own  m.;king  ;  or  clfe  Pnrtu- 
guf/t'  flannel  bonnets. 

They  have  neither  houfes,  goods,  towns, 
or  fettled  dwelling-places  ;  but  rove  like  the 
wild  Arnln,  or  Si\th'uins,  from  place  ro 
place,  neither  (owing  nor  mowing,  but  liv- 
ing whody  by  rapine  and  pill.ige  -,  eating  the 
truirs  of  other  tiiens  labours,  whcrcfoevei 
thj/  come,  devouring  and  fpoiling  all  be- 
iwt  them. 


»»i;, 


They  worlhip  the  fun  as  their  chief  deity,  jf^ellgio't. 
in  the  Ihape  of  a  man-,  and  next  the  moon, 
in  the  figure  of  a  woman.  Helides  wliich, 
every  one  has  his  peculiar  idol.  When  they 
go  to  battle,  they  facrifice  to  their  idol,  and 
fancy  their  devil  f))eaks  very  plain  and  tells 
them  what  they  are  to  do. 

The  Aiizikos  live  under  a  peculiar  king,  ^  .  ..^ 
call'd  the  G'rtv;/ M//'i-3,   whom  th;y  report 
to  poffcfs  thirteen  kingdoms,  maknig  him 
the  moll  potent  in  .1fru\i. 

The  J.tgoi  have  three  governors,  the  firft  jagos. 
entitled   Siugr,  the  fecond   K',b~ik,  and   the 
third  K.ilhuigo,  each  of  wiiii  h  leads  a  dil^inil 
army.     Tl.ey   maintani  continual  wars  a- 
gainll  other  H'lickf,    and  eat,  as  has  been 
faid,  all  the  (lain,  but  (111  the  prilbners  •,  and 
for  want  of  buyers,  kill  and  eat  them  too. 
Such  as  d. fire  to  litl  themlelves   in  their 
bands,  mull  firlt  receive  the  ufual  marks, 
r/r.  knock  out  tiK  two  upper  and  the  two 
lower  teeth  before,  and  make  a  hole  through 
the  middle  of  their  notes,  into  which  they 
thrull  feathers. 

There  arc  at  prcfent  no  J^t.^os  to  be  (bund 
of  the  firff  race  -,  but  thofe  who  now  alTume 
that  name,  derive  their  extradion  from  thu 
feveral  countries  where  they  have  warrM, 
and  been  viftorious,  and  are  yet  far  more 
fiv-ige,  and  worfe  cannibals  than  the  former; 
admitting  none  among  them  but  what  are 
of  a  wild  liivage  temper,  whom  they  train 

from 


immm 

111  1  hJ^  ::i:MM.| 


lull* 


a  d: 
.  ill 


Jil 


480 


A  Description  of 


liii!v: 


I K  !;; 


■?;v 


Batiiiot.  fioin  tlu'ir  youth  to  ail  incredible  inhum.i- 
*^'V^^  nity. 

'I'li.y  iiodlf.  not  only  this  country  of 
Jnliko,  b  11  W.111  !ii-  ,ihii()lt  through  .ill  ,1- 
friik,  thi)'  tiicy  ii.ivc  now  their  chiet'  reli- 
ciencc  there,  unci  in  liie  louihol  .lit^ola. 

'I'licir  l.inji;ii.i;i;e  liirtVrs  wiioily  from  lii.it 
of  Cn)ig'),  wliich  they  emieavour  to  learn 
and  lieconie  very  exp.rt  in,  tho'  they  make 
li'tle  ufeof  it,  by  realon  of  their  lavage  and 
unronverllble  n.uure. 

D.y: riiHwii  of  K  A  K  o N  c  (). 
•T*IIIS  is  a  jurililiClion  b(|.',inning  in  tlie 
*•  north  at  the  river  Loju^o  Ln'ij.i,  in  a- 
boiitlii'e  dei!;r((s  twenty  niiinites  fmith  l.,ti- 
tiule  i  bordeis  lonili  anti  well,  on  the  kinp;- 
tioni  of  G"v,  and  ends  at  the  river  Hambo, 
foine  miles  up  tlie  country. 

'1  h-  eiiiel  lily  is  pkalani  and  well  built, 
aho'.indint;  wiih 

th;-  louiitry  ^vKK  j^r.'at  plenty  of  '/ 
(Ip.'ci.iily  .lix'ui  CLhoJ ubiimu,  but  ii  is  not 
aliowM  UMili  r  levere  penalties,  to  be  eairj'd 
to  otinr  parts.  .Aboac  the  year  lOSf,  a 
JiLi..k  prielt,  by  name  fatiier  Leoiun,!,  in  a 
few  days,  as  Mcrolia  reports,  l).ipiizM  a- 
buve  five  thouland  children  :.  as  a  recom- 
peiice  lor  which,  he  obtain'd  a  canonfliip  in 
the  billioprick  of  I.oanuu.,  m  the  kinii,Jom 
of  Diiji^o-,  or  //«ef./.(. 

[•'roni  Cii-oh'^r.  IbutlivvarcN,  all  tlie  coun- 
try by  the  fea-coall  lor  thirteen  niihs  and 
for  two  and  a  halt  northward  of  the  before 
mention'd  river  L'lango  D'^'ifa,  lies  \ery 
low  i    but  aft.rwards  y;rows  mouni.iinous. 


Trade  and  lundicr.ifts  are  cotnn.on  with  'Tr/i/,. 
thefe  pejple  and  thole  of  Lnango;  fuch  as 
are  hufbindry,  filhing,  and  dealing  in 
cloths,  black  lUtch'd  caps,  broad  irons, 
luetics,  hammers,  mattocks,  tobacco,  red- 
wood or  Takoel,  and  linnen  •,  which  com- 
modities they  carry  to  C'«/«ifo,  SoNh'j,  and 
other  pl.ices,  and  there  exchange  for  flaves. 

'I'he  commodities  carry'd  thither,  out  of 
Euro[>f,  and  ilefir'd  by  the  inhabitants,  are 
the  fame  with  thole  fold  at  L'ango  \  but  the 
prefents  given  (or  the  permifFion  of  trade, 
are  lels. 

Their  cuftoms,  lliapc,  clothing,  riches, 
adminiftration  of  juilice,  inheritance,govcrn- 
mt  n  and  religion,  ditVer  little  or  nothing 
froi.i  what  is  already  faiii  of  Loargo  ;  only 
thi:i  is  remarkable,  that  the  king  of  Cair,i;g'jRi<ti'utia, 
may  not  touch  or  we.ir  any  Euro/eiin  wares,  "'^'"''■ 
lorts  of  provilioiis,  .mil  nor  d.ires  any  man  who  is  doth'd  in  them 
touLhhi:ii,becaule  itislborder'd  bythe  A/b- 
v;/'i'.  In  all  other  things  they  agree  with 
the  former. 

The  kir.gs  o\  Lojuj^o  and  Cacongo  conti- 
nually keep  a  guard  upon  the  river  Soiibo, 
to  receive  the  culloms  of  the  travelling  mer- 
chants, and  to  oblerve  that  none  adt  any 
tiling  prejudicial  to  the  country. 

On  tile  fuie  ot  the  river  Ctihiign,  lies  theScrrc 
territory  ol  Si-i re  or  /.a" i,   fub|e(ft  to  the"""''?- 
king  oi  C.iioi!i(o;  but  was,  tor  a  mutiny  and 
rebillion  againfl  him,    in  a  manner  totally 
laid  w.ille. 

On  the  uige  of  this,     h1  near  to  Goy,  is 
a  territory  call'd  l.nnki,  being  a  high  land. 


The  Biucki  call  it  K:Jkd'!>,  and  the  If^'biles,     comprehending  only  om  village  of  the  fame 
the   highland   of  KtijLiis ;    about  which 
pl;;.e,    a   mile  to  the  fouthward,    a  great 
water  filN  into  tht-  ll>,  and  is  the  only  good 


river  in  t'le  kingdom  cill'U  .ilio  K.ikon^o,  in 
five  degrees  tliiny  minutes  I'outh  latitude, 
and  by  the /V;)//<j^«Wi' named  Ri'/deS:,  be- 
ing in  the  center  of  the  hasLtii,  gliding 
cightei-.'i  leagues  through  the  country. 

A  mile  lourliv/artl  ot  \\hii.h  river  lies  the 
village  .X/olrmiii  or  Melimha.,   u[ion  a  girat 


name,  wi.itlier  the  //  'iH  j  come  to  trade  for 
tlcphants  teeth,  fl.ives  and  c()p[ier  •,  the  lalt 
ot  which  they  bring  from  adjacent  mines, 
which  every  year  yield  no  Imall  quantities, 

Df.rij'iicn  of  lot-  domvi'nn  0/  Gov   or 

An  00  v. 
y^.VC;  O  )\  as  Mcrollii  reports,  is  a  king- 
dom rather  in  n.iiiv  ihan  in  dominions, 
being   bur  a  v^ry   fniall  territory.      Here 


bav,  m.d^ing  a  (  onvenient  haven  or  lo.ul  lor  t()rmerly  a  leri.iin  AA;'/;  happ"ning  to  mar- 

fliips.     The  cotintry  tlureaboutseallM  little  ry   .\Mi(iit!',  dauj^luer  to  a  very  rich /'ar- 

Kinktiii,  ibrins  the  b.iy  ot  Ctdi^idi:,  in  live  liii!ti,-\  his  father- in-l.uv  would  needs  make 

degrees  thirty-five  minutt  s  fouth  .'atitude  -,  him  king  of  Aii^oy  ;    . ind  for  that  purpofe 

being  all  along  very  rocky  and  full  of  clifts,  caufcii  him  to  rebel  iigiinfl  the  king  of  Ca- 

yet  between  tlie  chief  c  ity  of  Caiong:;,  antl  con^o,    his  lawful   lovereign.     The  manner 


the  liver  Soiiba,  full  of  woods,  pleafant 
fickk  .Hid  higli  mountains,  but  cannot  boalt 
of  any  fertility,  becaufe  for  the  moff  part 
untili'd,  tho'  lb  pojMilous  that  it  dares  num- 
ber inhabitants  with  Loavgo. 
Kaihii.  The  natives  are  treacherous  and  revenge- 
ful,   turbulent  and  quarrelfome,    and    yet 

fhew  but  little  fpirit  in  the  wars  ;  all  their  were  much  the  larger,  and  wholly  j  niepen- 
neighboiirs,  elpccially  tholt;  of  Gov  or  yla-  dent  uiCoiiiio.  Caamgo  \ym\!^  in  the  middle, 
j^tfv,  continually  inlefting  th<m,  but  that  the  between  Go'go  znd  Loani;o,  that  /'./««;  de- 
king  of  Loango  interpofes  in  their  behalf;  clared  himfilf  neuter,  ancifet  up  for  king  of 
whofc  medi.ition  in  fuch  cafes,  prevails  y/«i;ov,  rebelling  againll  his  lawful  lovereign, 
much  with  all- his  neighbours.  the  king  of  Caw/^c.  it 


was  thus.  The  king  of  (  acri^o  having  lent 
a  viceroy  to  govern  the  kingdcm  of  Lo- 
ango, that  perlbn  l)eing  r.;ilKr  ambitious  to 
reign  ablohitely,  than  to  rule  under  another, 
got  himfilf  proclaimed  king  c^'  all  that 
country  ;  and  took  in  lb  much  mor.  Iind, 
belonging  to  his  matter,  ttiat  his «'    -'inions 


the  Lower  Ethiopia. 


481 


It  borders  weftward  on  the  fea,  fouthward 
on  the  river  7,a\r  or  Cow^o,  and  northward 
on  Ctcongn.  Thechi'jf  ciry,  dclightlully  fi- 
tu.U'.d  on  a  plain  near  the  Ihore,  has  many 
inhabitants;  anvl  there  fcvtral  fmall  rivers 
ii.iv,:  tiuir  out  kts into  tlie fea,  whofe  waters 
both  rcfiefh  and  f.ittci  tiic  foil  they  pafs 
tiiroii[.;l).  On  the  coall,  by  the  river  Zair, 
yoti  dillover  Poiita  de  P.umerinha  ;  and  fix 
hours  journey  onwards  the  bay  of  Ca- 
Ihtik.  where  the  Por/«;"/cyi' fbips  take  in  frefli 
provifious  p.ilTing  to  Loanda  Je  S.  Paolo. 
This  i-;  a  good  ro.id  for  fhijis,  in  regard 
th;y  in.iy  be  plentifully  fiirnilncd  wiih  pro- 
viruiiis,  at  reafonable  ratis,  u|)on  condition 
th.it  the  [governor  be  Will  prefcnted. 

Both  men  and  women  give  tlumlelves 
wholly  up  to  wantonneis ;  yet  towards 
ilrangers  they  are  chuililb  anil  uncivil  ; 
iiol  only  exidlinjj;  from  them  biyontirca- 
fi)n,  b.it  ilcfraiiding  them  by  many  ful)tL 
ani!  Hy  methods. 

The  coimtry  abovinds-  in  millet,  beans, 
and  lilh  1  b'.it  the  Purtugiufj  have  a  llore- 
houfe  to  buy  cIolIis,  call'd  P.moi  Samhns, 
the  propiT  lommodiiy  of  this  place,  bc- 
CAuft;  made  no  where  elfe  ;  made  like  our 
pluflu'S,  but  without  flower  or  image  ry.  'J'o 
barter  for  thcfe,  they  bring  out  of  Mnjiimb-i 
red-wood,  which  the  natives  chule  ac  the 
higheft  price,  before  the  richeft  Europc'aii 
merchandize,  continuing  in  their  original 
fimplicity,  without  defiring  to  learn  better 
'rom  abroad  -,  for  they  never  travel  from 
Iwme,  but  only  when  the  king  fends  them 
as  agents  to  any  of  his  neighbours,  with 
whom  he  is  in  amity. 

This  kingdom  of  G'ov,  in  the  year  1631, 
w.is  entirilv  fulxlued  by  the  duke  oi'  Soiiho, 
who  elfablifliM  his  fon  in  the  place  of  the 
dcceafcd  king,  by  whofe  alTiflance  the  fither 
a.cerwards  got  a  great  vidory  over  the  Cd- 
fovgiavs,  whole  chief  city  he  ruined  and 
burnt.  The  king  o(  Coii^o  takes  upon  him 
the  title  of  lord  of  both  thofe  latt  men- 
tioned, but  has  neither  tribute  nor  fubjedlion 
from  tiicm  ;  for  each  of  them  has  an  ahfo- 
lute  and  independent  Ibvereignty  within  his 
own  ilominion. 

Dffcrifiicn  of  I  be  kingdom  of  Congo. 

.  nr  II  E  true  extent  is  not  exactly  known, 
geograph  Ts  being  at  variance  about  it ; 
bur  the  moft  certain  account  that  can  be 
given  of  it  is,  that  it  reaciies  a  hundr.-d 
and  twenty  leagues  up  the  inland,  and 
feventy  two  leagues  along  the  fca-co.ift,  be- 
ing every  whei  c  cut  by  large  rivers :  that 
of  Zair  on  the  north,  Coango  river  in  the 
eafl,  Ria-lierbeU  at  fouth  e.;ft,  and  Rio- 
Coar.za  at  fourh  ;  and  bounded  at  weft  by 
the  litbi'p'ck  occ;:n. 

The  common  divifion  of  it  is  inro  fix 
dukedoms  and  earldoms,  viz.  Bamta,  Songo 

Vol.  V. 


or  Soihot   Sundo  or  Sundit  Pango,  Batla,  Burbot 
and  Pombo,  »-»v>^ 

The  grand  dutchy  of  Bamha,  lying  in  the  Ban.  a 
north  part,  reaches  weftward  to  the  banks  "'«*«<'•»«. 
of  the  rivers  yImaoisAnA  Dantis ;  in  the  fouth 
10  Angola,  and  borders  at  eafl,  according  to 
Pigafdt,  on  the  lake  Chelande,  or  Aqmlandct 
in  the  territory  of  Sijfina. 

The  lord  of  Bainba  is  very  puifTant,  bear- 
ing the  higheft  command  at  the  Coii'^oian 
court,  being  captain-general  of  all  the  forces 
there ;  yet  hokls  his  place  ad  flaciliim  regis. 
The  inhabitants  arc  chriftians  lor  the  gene- 
rality, and  keep  among  them  divers  jefuits, 
MiiLnto  and  Blaik  priefts,  to  officiate  and 
inilruct  them. 

The  earldom  of  Scnho  or  Sn^no,  the  fe-Sognn 
cond  principality  in  Congo,  borders  upon  ""■'•'«"*• 
the  rivers  Zair  and  Libunde,  on  the  fouth- 
fide  furrounded  with  a  wood,  call'd  Fmdeit- 
^i^!:'.il:i.  Some  extend  it  from  the  river  /Im- 
I'oii,  iii  fcven  degrees  and  a  half  of  fouth 
latitude,  to  the  red  mountains,  which  bor- 
der upon  Loaiigo  ;  lb  that  according  to  th's 
lalt  account,  it  reaches  on  the  north  to  j-ln- 
fiko  i  on  the  fouth  to  the  river  Ain'jiii ;  and 
on  the  weft  to  the  fea. 

This  territory  comprehends  many  petty 
lordlhips,  heretofore  abfolute,  but  now 
made  tributaries  to  Congo.  The  chief  town 
Songo  rtands  near  a  pretty  large  river. 

A  quarter  of  a  mile  from  it  is  the  village 
Pind:-,  which  the  iluke  has  lent  to  the  Por- 
tugueff  to  trade  at. 

The  dutchy  of  Simdo  or  Sundi,  begin-  Suncii 
ning  about  eight  m\\<z^irom  San  Salvador, J»t'f^- 
the  metropolis  of  the  whole  kingdom, 
ftntches  beyond  the  cataraifls  of  Zair,  along 
both  its  banks  to /?';r;^fl,  towards  the  north. 
Oil  the  call  fide  it  runs  to  the  place  where 
the  Z<7i>  unites  with  the  Wrtrfln^.t,  and  from 
thence  to  tlie  foot  of  the  cryftal  mountains  j 
and  in  the  fouth  touches  upon  Pnngo.  The 
chief  town  alio,  call'd  Sundo,  the  refidcnce 
of  the  governor,  is  feated  on  the  banks  of 
Pon^n,  by  the  water- falls  of  Zrt:r. 

The  dukedom  of  B.itta,  formerly  call'd  Batta</«tf- 
/Ighirimha.  to  the  norfh-e.ift,  or  rather  full '''"»• 
north  of  Paago,  about  a  hundred  leagues  up 
ihe  country,  reaches  eaftward  above  the  ri- 
ver Barbele,  to  the  mountain  of  the  fun,  and 
the  falt-petre  hill  ■,  and  on  the  fouth  runs 
to  the  burnt  mountains,  by  the  Po'tuguep 
call'd  Monies  i^cmados  1  its  metropolis 
cdl'd  ahb  Batta.  This  craft  between  Pang> 
and  Battd  is  fruitful,  ;md  yields  all  forts  'Of 
provifions  for  the  fupportof  life. 

All  along  the  way  from  San  Sah.idor  to 
BmUi,  ftand  hutts,  the  dwelling-places  of 
the  inhabitants. 

About  A  hundred  and  fifty   miles  fromConde 
Baita  eaftward,   lies  the  territory  of"  Conde,  ""'<"}• 
or  Pmbo  de  Okango,    through  which  the 
flrong  running  and  deep  river  Co.7';^o  makes 
its  way  ;  till  meeting  and  intermingling  with 
6  G  th« 


fill 


r;    .  <.;'T'i] 


,iv^-'' 


48i 


y^  D  I'  S  C  K  I P  T I  O  N  of 


ml '■\fl 


IV: 


Kill 


mm  i  ii  ! 


'\.l' 


Mh^' 


IT  J      t,  ,\  ?         .      , 


Imum.m-  the  l,irj.^cr  w.UfrJol'  /..lir,  itiolcs  l>oih  n.iim' 
'■^'V"^  .lOil  iiiiiciit. 

TliiH  iDiii-.iry,  Irmn  llic  pu-valiiu)   of  ,iii 

iilKKMU  cullinn,  .ilw.iys  li.i»  ,i  wtmi.in  lo  ruU' 

it,  vlu)  [MV'' iiiluiK- 10  Mam  lliti.i,  i)r  iIil' 

prince  01' liiikf  1)1  /»!//./,  ami  he  riv<  ivi^  it 

in  ilr~-  innic  »>!  tin-  kin;',  of    dwi^o,  tlu)*  lie 

rc.'is  no  Iniv  til  ol  ii.      I'o  llii.-  i.iUw.inl, 

l>.  Willi  till-  1  ivcr  C.tii!^ ',  au'oiiliin;  lo  ilii-  ic- 

I.i;;.m  ol   llu-   C  ii.li.iiH,    ai\.'    IoimuI    ll'bUf 

I'.opl',  witli  loiii';  hair  i  liiii  not  alu>i',i'ihir 

lo  \WHt(!  as  the-  j::4iiiff,iii.>,     Sonu' ol    limn 

were    taken   in   iheiounliy   ot   S  x''\  an*l 

jinliiilal  to  a  iinllioniitriar,  wiio  b.llownl 

them   a^jaiii  on   the  Voiti^^:ii\k'  govtiiior  ol 

/    7..M,  not   ni.mv   yi'ars  .'j'/i. 

I'o'o  riie  loiHlh    puivince,    II ili\l /',»;;■,    ii.is 

/•.'«;/«/,    ,s',  A-,/,)  on  ih>'   not  til  •,   Hi:i.i  on  tlu-  lout, i  i 

l\!n':i,  the  ilw  llinj;  plaee  ol   linkin!'.,  on 

tiie  well  ;  aiiil  tlic  i\i>unit.iins  ol  thi'  lliii  on 

liu'    call.       'I'lu'  luaii   lily    Ilmi  il    imi    tlu- 

wi'lU-in  iluii  ■  ni'  tin'  liver /)./! /.,/',  w.is  lor- 

iiu'ily  i.iUM   /'.(••..:;•"■■  'y  '.  I'lit  at   I'lncn:, 

/'.i/^,'-,   h.  ritolorc   tree,  Inn  nou  aiknow- 

leii;',;M);   th."  kin:;  ol   (.' /;^;",   wholv-  I'tuui  • 

lion  ilay  iravM  a,;iinll   the  iimnlions  ami 

inriMils  1)1'  thfir  lu-ii^hbour .. 

l''..\ll  of  \»i^.,  l)>)onil  tlie  liver  Z,;.t, 
wliu  !i  is  tliere  callM  Cn.ing.u  are  the  niar- 
•  luilaiesol  dm.i,  aiulot  ('.ui:o  /'.'\(;  i  ami 
Ibnlliwaiii  ol  thell',  the  kin^iloin  ol  lun- 
«,'i:.',  where  liu'  l\il.,^i,ij'c-  trade  tor  Hulls 
ami  h.uk, 

I' 1..  'riu-  jiiiillliip  of  Prmh  llaiuls  as  it  were  in 

tlie  innldlc  ol  the  wiioie,  <  neoiniMlliil  liy 
all  ihe  rill,  aiuUontaiiis  ilieiu.ul  lilyot 
ilie  kiiivvl"!!!  ol  (-'i.'.'x  .  lornnriy  hy  the 
lii,i,o  ealled  Uaiu.i,  ih  it  is,  head  •,  but  at 
prelent  by  the  P  i lugii:j'i;  San  S.iivadur  ; 
and  hv  .il.i' m"!,  .imbo^-C.oii^o.  Ii  i\.\.n'.h 
alnait  the  niid.tile  ol  C-w_5^,  on  a  very  iiij-Ji 
nu'iiiU.iiii,  eij'Jit  and  tliiity  /)/:/■■'' miles  or, 
as  otliers  write,  I'lliy  //,....;;/ miK  s  lioni  the 
lea,  loul!i-eall  Imm  llie  inoiiih  ot  the  liver 
/,.,•;*•,  ami  dvlii^htlully  ih.ideil  wilii  IMJni, 
timaiiiid,  li.iv.wi;,,  ('u'..if,  leinuns  ,uid 
oraili^y   tu\s. 

'I'l.e  top  ol  the  moiiniain  Oliviio  yields  a 
cuiioiis  jTolpie't  ol  all  ihc  adj.ietnt  jlaees, 
atai'jeat  dillaiiee,  ho'h  will  aii.l  iiorih, 
witlioiit  anv  inuipiifiu;;  flojMo  the  eye. 

I'iiis  town  ha.  neither  iiuloluie  nor  w.ill, 
txeipi  a  liiili-on  the  loiiih  file,  wiiih  the 
lirll  kins^r  buili,  .iml  atierw.irds  g.ive  tiiai 
part  to'the  /'r/>7.'_j;«c/('  to  inh.ihit  lor  their 
lonvenieney.  Tlu:  royal  palace  is  Ibrroiiiul- 
ed  wiih  walls,  and  between  it  an^l  the  town 
is  ,t  [;rcat  I'lani,  inthcniidll  ol  whiili  tliey 
liave  erec'icd  .i  luMuiiliii  ehuieli :  iioblemei.'s 
houli's  .iiul  oilieis  fill  up  the  top  ol  the 
mountain  ;  lor  every  gramlee  fettles  his 
ilwellin^s.is  near  the  court  as  he  may  be 
permitted,  ami  with  his  retinue  takes  up  as 
mmh  gi ouml,  a5 an  ordinary  town  may  be 
built  on. 


inJ 


Con^i). 


The  common  houles  (liiul  in  [!;ooil  onler, 
ami  appe.ir  vtiy  iiiiilnimv  moll  ot  tluni 
laijv.  Will  eonirivM,  .md  leiueil  .ihout, 
hut  (;eiierally  thateli'd,  except  a  lew  be- 
lont;in[j;  to  the  /'i ////!,■/(.■  ■■. 

The  kinc's  pal.ice  is  execedini»  Lirge,  t'ur-rj/^,, 
loiinded  with  lour  wall,  whercol  iii.it  to- 
wn ds  ilie  /'r//i^«,';  part  is  4)t' chalk  .md 
llom,  luit  all  llie  ivll  ol  llnw,  veiyne.iily 
wroii.;lit:  the  lodj',in[',s,  ilininp,  rooms,  ^>,,,|. 
leries,  ami  other  apaiinients,  ,ire  hunnalter 
the  l:ii>o:i\iii  manner,  with  mats,  dl  .in. x- 
i]uirite'urioruy.  Wiiliin  the  innerniull  luuo 
.ire  lome  ivirdens.pleiiliDully  Itored  withv.i- 
riety  ot  herbs,  and  I'l.inteil  will;  leviial 
loitsol'  trees:  wiiliin  tliele  .ij!,.iin  an  lome 
baiiiiu.  ;ini;  lioules,  whole  buildiii!!;,  thoU|',h 
mean  and  llij'.hl,  is  by  them  illcmM  lah 
.iiul  collly. 

In    the   city    thire    are    ten   or    elev.n,;,,.  ■ 

lit'  I         •  It' ■I','! 

cluirelii',,  ih.itis,  one  j>,reat  one,  beint;  the 
I  hill  ul  .ill  ;  then  llie  leveii  l.imps  cliureh  i 
iheioiKiption  ;  iheihiiuhol  ihevicioryor 
tiiumphi  a  lilih,  dediciied  to  St.  /./wim  •, 
a  liMli  to  .St. ///.7i';,v  1  aiul  a  levaidi  to 
Si,  y  /•'/.  The  «)iher  tiiree  ll.ind  wiihm  the 
court  walls,  ■;■;•.  the  churches  ol  the  I  luly 
li'ioll,  ol  .Si.  Miki.l,  ,ind  .St.  ;/,.„•//.. 

'I  he    leluits    have  a  collj'.e,   wiiere  tlicyy,,;,;,, 
dail)    te.ich  and   iiilliik'l   the /),',/,.(•,   in  the 
chriitian  taiili,  in  .in  e.il'y  and  wiiiniiiiv  me- 
thod. 

'I'licreare  alll)  liho>.I,,  \,iiere  yoiiili  ,iic 
brou^^lit  up  and  lau-lu  the  V....;.';  and  /'„/,'/,- 
^.'((;V  loii;',iies, 

.Ml  thell-  churches,  and  oil.er  piiMiek 
llrui-liii\s,  (xetp:  tlu'  jdiiit's  lolleyi,  luve 
the  loiind.iiions  of  Hone,  but  covci'd  wiih 
llr.iw,  .md  very  meanly  provided  wiihuien- 
fils  for  ceiebraiiin;  divine  otfices. 

I'liere  are  alio  two  loiinl.iiiis,  one  in  .V/. 
y.iin  j'sflreit,  ami  tlie  oilier  wiijun  the  w.ills 


buih 


)' 


dii 


'l^   t;ood  Ipniig- 


ol  the  court, 
water. 

A  fmall  river,  or  rather  a  brain  li  of  /.> 
!t<>:,li-,  cill'd  /■,;(•,  allordiiig  very  [.'.ood  and 
Will  Ldled  water,  llows  at  the  loot  of  the 
mountain  t  iole  by  the  city,  to  the  great  lie- 
nelii  of  the  inliabit.ints ;  lor  Irom  theme  tlu; 
ll.ues,  both  men  .md  women,  fteli  w.iur 
d.iily  toleive  the  town.  'I'he  .idj.icenl  Ii,  Ids 
l)y  this  river  .ire  mule  very  pli.ifint  .iml 
tiuitlul,  and  then  fore  ihe  citi/ens  h.ive  all 
their  gardens  iijion  if,  banks.  \Vh;u  cattle 
they  have,  are  kepi  lor  the  mnft  p.utinthc 
city  ;  .is  hogs  .md  go.its,  a  few  lluep,  but 
no  cows,  wliieh  lie  ;it  night  in  fmees  joining 
to  their houles. 

The  rivers  which  w.irrr  tlii>;  kinj-dom,  r;-, 
from  north  to  loutli,  are  lii  II,  Ri,) ,/.  ,,/j  p^r- 
rriiu-Rvxtis,  tli.it  is,  the  river  of  red- 
land  i  ;im)ther,  at  wh-)fe  mouih  lies-  a  (Ireet, 
rallM  in  Portugurfr,  Bou  dclai  AlmaJun,  or 
the  gull  of  cuioci. 

Here 


the  Lower  Ediiopia. 


4S? 


M!  ; 


h.ml' 


llrrc  I'll"  tlircc  ill.iiuls,  tin-  i'.k.kcII  and 
fuiclillcinol)    ot    (liiin    idIi.iImIiiI,    .iiul  pro- 
viilcil   Willi   .1  I DiivcnH'Mt    li.ivin   lor    Im.ill 
li.iik'  ;  lull   ilic  Dilur  witliiiul  )< oplc,   Imi 
lnuMiiij',  tmly  In  .ill'.. 

To  ihi'  liiiiiliw.iiJ  til  tlii'li',  IS  iii('|<i(',u 
riviT  '/,iii\  wimh,  .u  .  ui\liiii>,  [it  I'.^.i/.lli, 
iliiivi'sils  i<ri|\iiiil  iiMiii  thiic  Ukc's  ;  liu" 
liill  l)y  ilu-  l.iiiu' .imiiiii,  aiicl  otiurs,  cnti- 
i\i\\ /^iim'"i-\  the  Iciimii /.<./;  and  ilu*  ihiiil 
■H^riMt  lake,  tint  dI  whuli  tin-  l.iliiiiilr,  aiul 
(  .);;.•,)  liwis  run.  \\m  '/,niihi;'\s  \\\v  y\'\m\- 
|iil  lii'.ul  tii.it  lii'il.i  liu-  liver  /;/»,  lviii|', 
li'l  .IS  It  w.ri-  ill  llif  ilii.lillr  |ii)iiii  i)t'  ,■//(((, I, 
,'.iul  Iprchliii;',  il  l<  It  wiili  liioiil  lliciiiis  iiilo 

till-  nnllll  ;     U)  lIlcM  .ill  II  lllHlWSDUl    lIlI'l'.llMI 

riv.T  Oi.iw/.i,  aiiil  (^iiiliv;  tii  tlii'  ItMilli  tliiiK' 
o^  '/.t'i'ui,  Miui.t\  or  M  i>i'''j/,'n  ;  ami  I  Illy, 
ID  ilii:  wi'll,  ilii'iof  /,.iir;  whitli  iliviJiiijr, 
inid  liVdal  hi.imlics,  moillcn  .iinl  li'iiili/.c 
tlii:  wclUrii    I'ail    dI   liiiitli     ////,.),    O/.v  >, 

,li!<!/:!.l,  Ml)il:llllihlpil,     M  ,1  I'll. nil.      It  l\l,lll,l- 

li.ii,  ./;.i  I'lii'ii,  aiivl  Id  lo  ilir  lapcDl  liu-J- 
hi  pi'. 

I'lii.  is  I  111-  .mount  j'.iv.n  liy  lurmrr  (;i'o- 
jMMpluTs,  lull  till' new  111. ipiil  .i/r,,a,  i  or- 
Kiiiid  lioil)  tile  ulili  rv.iliunsol  liic  I'.fiiticmrn 
(it  iIk'  ruyal  ai ailcniy  at  I'tins,  Am\  rcprintiil 
\\\  /.o':Joi:,  ill  tin-  ycir  i;'lo,  t.ikis  llu  no- 
tiic  dIiIw  pri'lciulcii  lake  oi  /..imlnf,  wlieiuc 
ilioli- aiuicntcr  |;iO}',r.iplu  IS  pcilii.uK"  lis  tlie 
river  /(Of  lltiws.  'I  licy  liy  ii  down  tli.ic, 
pciiciraiiiijj;  with  iii.uiy  win  I  in;  vu  call  iioiili- 
tail,  as  tar  ,is  the  town  ol  /',j«i;",  in  almut 
nini' ilcj;rcis  ol  call  luitiklc  Ironi  tlii' nic-- 
ri.li.m  ol  l/iiihm,  whin  ii  i  iiangcs  it  .n.mic 
iiiii)  that  ol  (''liitii^n,  and  iscariinl  oiiiiiland 
rail  louth-c.ill,  hrtwixi  the  in,iri]iiil.m's  ol 
('..ifiiit  .illd  (.M'/rt  P.ur^o,  ihc  killjj;doiil  ol 
/'  //^v;,),  wiu'ii'  lli(!  rorlii^iir,''  trade  for 
iliilisand  b.iik,  audi  In-  ti'iriiiirn'sv!  Miiuot 
and  yji;  M,  to  ilie  iwcnty  ninili  ilej^reec.!  ilic 
I'liiu' ('.ill  lai)}^',itiidt\  in  the  lime  |iar.dli'  .u 
(.■..',;;/.-(i  and  Ciiiiii:i  riviis,  to  tlw  Ibiuli  nl 
il  ;  Init  do.'s  not  di  tcrinin  •  its  lourlc  l.iriiicr 
up  in  llu'  kingvioDi  ol  i\V';/;,-,;w(;// and  .\.'(-- 
h.i'mu^iy  where  very  proli.dily  ihek-rivcis 
have  their  Ibun  e. 

'I'iie  river  /,//;■  tails  into  the  lea  tliioiicji 
a  iiimith,  three  leagues  in  lireadth,  in  live 
de;;rersaiid  tony  mimites  of  Toiilh  l.uiliide, 
and  with  Uu  II  tori  e  and  .ilnind.mee  ol  w.iti  r, 
tiiat  the  llieam  niiiiimi;  oiii  well  north-well, 
pievails  upon  the  lea-waler  lor  .ibovr  twelve 
)e.ijj,aes  •,  ,\\\i.\  when  you  arc  out  ol  lii'Jit  ol 
land,  the  w.utr  ap|)i  ,irs  1)1, lek  and  lull  ot 
heaps otrecd.s,  ami  oilier  things,  like  liitic 
flo.iiing  idaiids.  whuli  the  torce  ot  the 
Jlrcani,  lallin[^  Iroin  the  high  elitis,  carries 
away  outot  the  louiitry,  and  calls  into  tiie 
ocean:  lo  tiiat  (hips,  without  a  Hill  gale  of 
wind,  cannot  tail  up  ic  into  the  road,  within 
r.ipe  Padroiit  on  ihc  I'outli  iiilc  of  the 
river. 


l''roiii    this  p,real  liody  branch  out  ni.iny  H^'Mnr, 
tinall  ones,  to  ilie  great  coiivenii  ney  id' the  ^^V^' 
ii.iiives  and  lotei,in  tr.iders,   who  patsaloim 
iheiu  111  Im.iis  lioiii  oiv  town  lo  .iiioihi  r, 

1  In:  illiiids  limm  I  ind  .';J«)»//./'// he  in 
the  niouili  ol  lilts  liver,  ami  others  higher 
up,  exc(<tliii;',  lull  (>l  people,  wlio  ii  liel- 
iinp,  ag.iinll  ilie  king  of  (.«;■«,  hive  la  up 
pel  iiii.ii  lordi  ol  their  own. 

I  li.il  ol  fliMiihi,  tho'  well  inh  ihited,  (Ivw-  R'nmin 
ti  w  111  no  lioilks,  Imul.  ol  the  inorifTl  ')"""'• 
III  I'  ol  tlie  coiiiiU) ,  V  hit  11  toi  the  iiioti  |viit 
liis  under  w.iter  ,  I.)  th.it  Ilie  AV  ..  <-i  wilh 
i.ilioesgo  troinliee  lo  ticc  :  .mumg  w  nii  h, 
ll.ev  h.ivi  I.. II  d  loin  pl.i  .  s  III  ide  111  le.ivcs 
.iiid  boughs,  oiiwlu.  Il  iliev  lelide  .iiid  nil 
Unililelvcs    witlioui    .my    io\i    line. 

I'lule  illindirs  uieliionj;,  wi  II  fit,  live 
.liter  A  Iv.illly  111, inner,  ,ire  gn.it  torceren, 
.Illd  convcrle  wilh  the  devil  ;  to  this  end 
iliey  liill  loiiie  loi'.etlur  .ill  on  ,i  throivv, 
then  one  ol  tlieiii  runs  about  with  .i  vi- 
.Mldoiii  this  I  oiUilllh  s  ihlie  diji,  wliiih 
<xiiril,  ill' V  ule  .iiioil.ii  1 1  leii'onv,  and 
iIkii  the  ti,  lid  Ipe.iks  tlirou;',h  I  he  vi/,llded 
mill.  'I'lii  y  li^e  111  p' .11  cibli-  iiiiK  ,  by  b.ir- 
iiiini;  ;  in  nine  ot  wii,  ilii\'  il(  d  in  iio- 
llimg  bill  wiMpoiis,  .mows,  luiws,  .nid  ja- 
velins or  Lull  !•■. 

i'hev  li.ive  no  man  i.ip.ei  eieinony  ;  biic 
nun  .Illd  woiii.  II  III. ike  ule  ol  mie  .ilioilier, 
.IS  till  ir  allei'-lioiis  or  lulls  li  .id  tluin,  mix 
iiij',  nii'iily  like  be.dli.  withoiu  .iny  lol  iii- 
iiiiy  i  tor  they  know  noiliing  ol  cli.illiiy, 
but  lakeasinany  toiuiibines  .isiliry  ple.ilc: 
however,  the  liill,  .isildell,  li.is  ih''  loni- 
m;n  i  .ind  liiprrimily  over  .ill  the  lell. 

Ill  the  ill, Illd  ''\iiiiiia.la,  is  .in  riol  iii.ideOn '"ilU 
ol  iiion  y,  whii  h  none  d.iir  .ippio.uii,  bm '/'*"''• 
the  liiv.uiis  or  iiiilliller  .ippoin'ed  to  al- 
i.nd,  and  til.e  e.ire  lo  leiiiie  the  w.iy  lo 
il  tnini  bein^';  dil  overM  ;  riienili  Ives  beiiif; 
oIil;|',e'l  a.  oiteii  as  ihi'v  |',o  ihiiher,  lotike 
a  p  eiih.ir  p.ilh  lii.U  no  oilr  i  iniy  liiid. 
M.iiiy  kings  .ml  inopl-  l,iinli>e  to  this 
idol,  el|>eei.illy  in  lii  knets,  liAer.d  ol  th'ir 
ii'oll  lollly  and  liip,hell  pi  i/M  j  oo.l- ,  wliu  h 
none  .ire  periiuiied  lo  iii.ike  ule  ol,  but  by 
ling^ih  ot  lime  di(,iy  or  rot  :  tor  .is  looii 
as  tlvy  are  dedii  ,iiei,l,  the  .itlend.mt  c.irnes 
till  m  iiiio  .1  iV'l  i'liiiU  wlicre  the  idol 
ll.iiids,  lunoiinied  with  a  will  ol' el.phants 
le  til  inlle.ul  ot  Hone,  .iiid  iheic  li.inging 
iil'oii  polls  iluy  rem.iiii  nil  ih'y  are  tpiite 
lolti  II.  The  ill  ind  ot  /.'(' !()' .;. '  /  ?/;  lies  ne.inlt 
lo  ilie  iloiniiiioiis  ot  Str^ii.,  .in  I  w.is  ynlled 
up  by  the  liiinvr  king  ot'CV/.o'.'^;,  brotlui- 
in-l.iw  to  the  Count  ot  .V'.n"",  who  haJ 
inarry'd  his  filler  to  tli.it  inince,  on  con- 
dition he  Ihoiild  enibiaee  ilie  chrillian  re- 
ligion 1  but  th. It  king  loon  alter  dieil,  .ibinic 
the  year  lO.Sr,.  i  In  ill.ind  is  none  ot  the 
i'liiallell,  and  lies  in  the  inidll  ot  the  riv«r 

/(i/r. 


''  Iiiii 


1    »i 


!■ '    \  i"i 


i'i     ■■1^1 


dfllii.  "I    « 

'  rift:. 

'    ,'  I.  I.I  Ii!  ari.'i    *,»,»' 


if  Ml-  ^  ' 


I  I 


''Hi. 


I  ,1 1 1 


1 1  11 
'ii'i ' 


484 

Baruot. 


^  Description  of 


Umbre 
rivtr. 


Brinkire 


Dirbclc 
riirr. 


Ctft  Pi- 

drao. 


Zalr.  It  abounds  with  iill  lorts  ot"  pro- 
vifiuns,  ami  Hirfit  numbers  of  inlubiunts  i 
ii  plain,  rais' d  einln  fathom  above  the  water, 
and  dividal  from  tlic  kingdom  of  Congo, 
by  a  river  over  which  there  is  a  bridge. 

Tiic  iflandcrs  have  particular  heads,  and 
chief  officers,  chofen  by  mod  voices.  Se- 
veral other  rivers  witli  tlicir  llrciims  in 
f rcalc  tlic  Iwfliing  current  of  the  Zair ; 
the  moll  eminent  arc  Umbre,  Brankorc,  and 
Barhile. 

Uinbre,  by  Sanului  callM  yamb/re,  rifes 
in  the  north,  out  of  a  niount.iin  in  Ni- 
Xriiia,  and  lolcs  itfclf  on  the  ealt-fidc  ot 
Zair. 

Brauk.ireM  Pi^afetta,  or  Bankare  .is  .S\i- 
nutiii  i.dls  it,  has  its  original  in  the  lame 
mountain,  and  after  a  long  courl'e,  difchargcs 
its  winding  II ream  into  the  lea,  fays  thi: 
fame  Sanulus :  but  Pixafetia,  from  the  infor- 
mation of  hJiiiiiril  i/ipiz,  avers  it  mingks 
with  the  /.iiV,  on  the  iMlhrly  bordirs  ol 
i'ango,  not  lar  from  tlic  foot  nf  ihe  tryll.d 
niountain. 

The  river  Rntbele,  lo  call'd  by  Liufch-)- 
ten,  and  A'tr/V/f  by  Pi^afitta,  firings  trt)in 
a  lake,  which  the  fame  author  lalfly  makis 
the  Nile  to  IIdw  from  •,  after  which,  it  Ihoots 
through  the  lake  .■I'jui'.unJc,  and  p.ilTing  by 
the  city  of  Ptineo,  enlarges  the  Z<iir  with 
the.  addition  of  its  water. 

Southward  of  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Zair,  fhoots  out  a  promontory,  call'd  in 
Portuguefe  Cuba  do  Padrao,  from  a  Imall 
chappcl  and  a  crofsthey  eredcd  on  it  above 
a  hundred  years  ago :  and  about  five  miles 
from  Padrao,  is  the  refidcnce  of  the  carl 
of  Sonho,  where  the  Netherlanden  trade.  A 
little  way  within  Padrao  lies  St.  Paul'a- 
point,  aflbrding  a  convenient  ro.id  for  fhips. 
When  Diego  Can  made  the  firft  difcovery 
of  this  river  Zair,  about  the  ye.ir  1480, 
he  ereded  on  the  foutli-point  of  its  mouth 
a  monument  with  an  infcrijuion,  containing 
in  I.ii!i>t,  ylrahick  and  Portugtiefe,  the  names 
of  the  king  Dom  John  the  I'ccond,  and  of 
thofe  of  his  officers,  who  had  difcover'd  that 
country,  of  which  ^\zy  thereby  pretended 
to  be  the  lawful  poliifflors.  For  that  reafon, 
fays  FiifeoMCilo!,  a.  Portuguefe  Author,  this  ri- 
ver was  for  a  long  time  after  call'd  Rto  de 
Padrao,  and  now  the  river  of  Congo,  from 
the  kingdom  of  that  name,  which  Diego 
C<j«  difcover'd  in  the  fame  voyage. 

A  mile  and  a  half  from  thence,  lies  a  creek 
call'd   Pampu!  Rock. 

More  to  the  fouthward,  are  the  rivers  Le- 
lunde  or  Lolongo,  Ambris  or  Ambia,  or  An- 
Ires,  by  the  Portugtiefe  royal  map  ;  Enko- 
koquematari  or  Serra  de  Banba  by  the  lame  ; 
Loze  or  Loza,  Onza  or  Zanza,  Lib.nge  or 
Dilongo^  Danda  or  Dande,  or  Dendi,  and 
Btngo. 


l^lundi  running  between    Zair  and  /^/h  i,-iunj» 
brii,  has  its  head  ipring  in   the   fame  lake'**" 
with  Coanza  or    i^ianza  \  lb  pafling  dole 
by  the  foot  of  the  mountain  where  the  roy.ij 
city  St.  Salvador  Hands,  runs  ilown    from 
thence   with    many    windings,  welt  nortli 
well  t(')  the  k.\,  into  which  it  falls  with  a 
llrong  current  i  but  in  the  fummer  fo  llul- 
low,  that  it  is  not  palliible  in  velfcls  of  any 
burden:  the   lil.uks  frequent  it  with  canoes, 
notwithllnnding  the  hazard    of  crocodiles, 
which  arc  there  very  numerous. 

Ambris,  which  is  next,  lies  in  fix  de-Ambn, 
grees  l()Uth  latitude  1  is  a  gre.it  river  and'"-"' 
lull  of  lilh,  but  loeky  at  the  entrance,  yet 
p.ill.'ible enough  for  fm.ill  boati.  It  lias  the 
liuiie  origin.il  with  L.elumle,  running  not  t.ir 
from  .SV.  Salvador  \  the  w.iter  leem-.  mudJy, 
cuis'd  by  the  fwiftnefs  of  the  llream,  on 
whole  bank  b  gins  the  dukedom  ot  hamb.i. 

Thirty  miles  up  this  river  is  a  terry,  where^ /„. 
every  traveller  tor  his  paflage  over,  mull 
p.iy  a  certain  toll  to  the  king  of  Conjn.  On 
the  I'outh  b.iiiks  ot  it  are  many  people,  who 
get  their  living  by  making  lalt  ot  lea  water, 
boil'd  in  tartlien-pots,  and  proves  grey  and 
famly  •,  yet  they  carry  it  to  J'ambo,  and  le- 
veral  other  places,  and  drive  i  great  tr.;dc 
with  it. 

Enkokoquemalari  is  the  next,  whofe  be-Enkoto. 
ginning    is    unknown    to    Europeans,   anilnunnjiari 
the  whole  in  a  manner  of  no  ufe  ■,  great  flats'""'' 
and  fands   flopping  up  the  mouth,  fo  that 
it  will  not   bear  almall  boat,  and  within  lb 
Icanty   of  water,  that  a  canoe  can  Ivirdly 
make  its  way. 

Loze,  another  mean  brook,  yet  up  in  theLoie. 
country  paffable  for  s  boat.     About  twenty 
miles  upward  is  a  ferry,  where  all  travel- 
lers pay  a  duty  to  the  duke  of  Bamha. 

Onza,  or  according  to  Pigajelta  Onzo>ii,0nu. 
is  fordable,    and  not  to   be  lail'd  by  any 
vefTels  becaule   of  its  Ihallownels. 

Libonqp,  by  lome  call'd  Lemba,  can  boail  Lihonjo, 
neither  greater  depth  or  better  qualities. 

Danda,  a  little  more  fouthward,  has  atDanJa. 
the  mouth  live  or  fix  foot  water,  is  full  of 
fifli,  feeds  many  crocotlilcs  and  li:a-horle!, 
and  aflbrds  on  each  fide  fruitful  grounds  1 
fomewhat  high  on  the  fouthfide,  but  on 
the  north,  for  half  a  mile  low. 

Bengo,  by  fome  taken  for  a  branch  of'5'"S''' 
Danda,  with  the  ^tanza,  tn.ikes  the  illand 
Loando ;  it  is  navigable  in  lloops  about 
fourteen  miles  upwards,  and  at  the  mouth 
has  fometimes  feven  or  eight  foot  water, 
notwithflanding  the  fands.  It  comes  a  great 
diftance  out  of  the  coun-.ry,  and  in  the  rainy 
feafon,  viz.  March,  Ajiil  and  A/rfy,  over- 
flows with  the  violence  of  its  ftrcim,  and 
lometinies  carries  away  much  of  the  earth 
on  one  fide,  which  citlier  joins  again  on  the 
Other,  or  clfe  b  driven  into  the  lea. 

The 


the  Lower  Ethiopia. 


48? 


•xt,  whofe  bc-Enltolo. 
'iuroptam,   aiuinunnitiii 


irt/rti.  The  winter  there  bears  ahnoll  ,in  r(]ii.il 
tfini«T  with  our  liiniinfr,  lb  ih.ii  the  pco- 
|ilc  alter  iiDihin)^  of  their  .ippiicl,  nor  re- 
quire' the  w.irmili  ot  liic  at  ih.it  Icilon  of 
the  year  i  tor  the  liitKrituc  hctwi-cn  win- 
ter ami  liiinimr  is  liarit  iliii  ernalile,  only 
titat  the  Air,  when  it  rains,  is  a  little  cooicrj 
but  the  wet  liafon  onir  pall,  the  luat  is  al- 
nioll  intolcrililr,  elpi-cially  two  hours  bifcie 
anil   alter  noon. 

The  w  .Iter  lominemcs  in  iniil wVf.irr/i, 
.ind  tin:  ruinincr  in  Srft.-ml>-r  •,  in  the  tor- 
nvr  the  ^nat  rains  begin  ami  i ontinu'j, 
Minb,  /l>'>il,  \Li\'  "JnHf,  'Jul I  anil  .lu- 
giiit,  liiiriiig  which  time  tliey  h.ive  It.irce  ;i 
liear  il.iv  ;  Ills  rain  in  S.'[>ii'ml<ry  anil  So 
iimkr.  The  Itinmnr, as  has  been  laid,  is ex- 
ti''iling  hot  anil  liry.  The  year  ot  ihi  li: 
/'.V'i. ',"i.;«i  eoniiiH'nies  with  their  winter,  '.i\ 
Murcb.  Their  nioiuii  is  lunar,  air!  tl' ■ 
leveniiiy^  of' the  w  ek  are  diilinguilliM  by 
r  vcn  markets,  held  lueeellivtly  at  fever, d 
pi  ices;  but  they  do  tiot  know  how  to  reckon 
the  hours  of  a  day. 

The  land  winds  on  tlii.s  coaft  and  //;;- 
f^'>U,  arc  eail  nonh-eall,  the  Ita-wiiids  welV 
Ibuth-well. 

Tiiis  country  from  the  feveral  rivers,  has 
great  llore  ot  water-,  li)  that  the  inhabi- 
tints  are  very  curious  in  their  choice  of  it  : 
fur  they  will  not  drink  the  nearell,  but  the 
Irelhell  and  bell,  as  appears  by  tliofe  of 
Si.  Salvador,  who  make  no  iile  of  lui  Ii  as 
the  adjoining  plains  allbrd  theiv  ;  but  caule 
tlieir  flavcs  to  ti  tih  it  from  tiie  fountains, 
a  little    luvver  on  the  nortiifiile. 

The  lands  in  the  r.iiny  fealon,  by  the 
imiddinels  of  the  w.iter,  are  made  exte; - 
i;ing  fruitful,  and  tit  to  brinj?  forth  ail 
manner  ot  things.  But  from  /^oivwi/'tr  till 
the  latter  end  of  Minb  there  falls  iioi 
a  drop  of  rain,  which  makes  the  foilveiy 
dry  and  hard. 
:,;■,  The  dukedom  of  Ba!t,u  and  otiiers  lyiiii^ 

<"W".  round  about,   h.ive  a  fat  and  tiiiile  yrouiid, 

atiording  all  manner  ot   provifions. 
!;-'Si         The  territory  of  /'tv/;/;(7,  efpei  i.illy  abo  it 
u-v.i'i    ^i_  SaiVaJor,  becaufe  of  the   trefli  and  le- 
rine  air,  abounds  in  rich  patlures,  and  pro- 
duces many  llourilliing  and  thriving  trees. 

I  lere  grow;  a  kind  of  grain,  bv  the  natives 
i  all'd  Liiko,  not  unlike  our  rye,  but  liiialler  : 
this  they  grind  into  meal  with  hand-mills, 
and  111  ike  bread  of  it. 
M«,7.  There  is  alio  abundance  of  millet,  whieli 
the  Blacki  call  Mnzza  Manfulo,  or  Poriu- 
guefe  corn  ;  as  alio  Indiun  wheat,  where- 
with they  fat  their  hogs ;  anil  rice  in  Inch 
plenty  that  it  h.irdly   bears  any  price. 

Lemnions  and  pome-citron  trees  grow  in 
every  corner,  bearing  fruit  of  a  pleafant  and 
brifk  talte;  alio  bananas,  dates,  cocoa-nuts, 
and  palm-trees,  producing  two  or  three  dif- 

VOL.    V. 


lerent  lorn  of  wine  diftinRuiniM  among Bax'-'t. 
them  by  peculiar  names,  ,\i  Mt'if',  Lm-  *^/'>^ 
/'i*'M,  't'lm^ra,  Miiueha,  Manfiki,  B  ■</  /;«'. 
The  wine  of  |^rapest!iey  till  M  l.ijf.  !/;«• 
fiifio  i  the  Iml/ain  wine  is  very  reir  tiling. 
There  are  alio  cola-trees,  whii  h  the  inha- 
bitants (hew  as  the  fiuluins  do  Pii  /„•.  The 
trees  call'd  ():,-i^hii  yiel.la  fruit  like  yellow 
plums,  iklightlul  in  I'mcll  .md  delu'ious  in 
.die  i  and  with  the  br.iiuhes  tiny  mikc 
lences,  pallif.iiloes  and  atbors,  to  fli  lieT 
them  Iroin  the  fcorching  beams  ol  the  lun  \ 
nor  do  tiny  want  m.hdis,  mcunilvrs  .iiitl 
litrons,  common  and  chln.i-o'angis  of  an 
(Xiraordin.iry  bigiieli,  and  plealait  talle, 
and  teveral  forts  ofpiille.  The  milTioners 
in  Biml'.i  cultivate  in  their  convent's  gir- 
ilens  nil  thole  IbrtJ  th.it  are  common  in 
/:i„z-',  b  fi.les  thole  |'iciiliarto  .!'''itk.\r\d 
/■.!iro/.-,  gra|es,  ti  nni  I,  caidoons  or  thif- 
lies  1  ,ill  liirts  ot  filleaiiig,  gourds,  and 
m.iiiy  other  loits  ;  but  no  pe.irs,  api'les, 
imiS  or  fuih  like  fruit,  as  ritiuire  a  colli 
clim.ite. 

The  Iliorc  of  the  rivir  T.i-'nid,-,  goingto 
.*>'/,  S'v.iiloi,  is  beautity'd  wiili  .il'und.incc 
of  c  lars,  which  the  iguor.iiu  pee. pie  make 
no  other  a. count  of  than  to  make  c.uioes 
and  fire-fuel. 

Cfi//ui  I'ljliilii  and  other  drugs,  fit  for  the  ufe 
ot  .ipothecaries  ;  ,illo  t.imarinil  •,  which  grow 
plentitully,  anil  have  thereiJUieot  bung  a 
good  remedy  ir  fevers. 

In  the  towns  near  the  lea,  thi'y  have 
llore  of  kidney-beans,  by  them  call'd  Ca- 
7::i.'aza,  millet  and  poultry,  wliich  the  F.'g- 
liflj,  XiUk-iLniJ,')',  and  other  triders  buy 
ti-ir  .*'';w;/"'-il()ths  little  looking  glafies,  and 
other  trill ;s. 

In  BihiiIhi,  a  province  of  (?^';^%  and  there c^'f/f. 
efpecially,  they  have  good  (locks  of  cat  tie, 
l'2.  Cown,  oxen,  fwine  ,inil  goats;  befi  les 
plenty  of  fowl,  .IS  tuikey  ,  hens,  .!ucks,  wild- 
liens  of  a  delicate  flein,  :.\v\  geeji*.  The 
elephants  breeding  there  in  luimerous  droves, 
giow  to  an  extraordinary  bignef-,,  inlij- 
much  th.it  lonie  ot  their  teeth  h  ive  weigh'd 
above  two  hundred  weight.  In  the  Cniigo 
I.uiguag'j  they  call  fui  h  a  tooth  Mcne  XLtn- 
:o  ;  and  a  young  elephant  Maiw  Manzo, 

Tht;  elephant,  it  we  may  believe  i\\QZlefh»ni'. 
Bl.icks,  do  not  call  their  teeth  •,  they  hunt 
them  with  lames  and  d.irts,  making  a  double 
adv.mtage  ot  them  as  meri.h.indi/e  and  toocU 
many  leurfcd  or  hollow  teeth  are  found  in 
the  woods,  which  arc  decayed  by  lying 
many  years  in  the  rain  and  wind.  This 
commodiiy,  by  realon  of  the  infinite  qu.in- 
tity  brought  tioiu  thence  within  thele  fifty 
or  fixty  years,  bigins  to  grow  fcareer,  and 
they  are  fain  to  fetch  them  farther  out  of 
the  country. 


6H 


The 


!• 


mmg 


9  'Uili 


1 

ii 

i 

I 

■If 

! 

> 

' 

1 

u 

■:;i1i'  iff ,, 
■}.}  firili  ;':il 

'    S         .       I      ,    !'      1..  •      1 


H 


Hi  : 


i 


4^6 


A  Description  of 


BAr.BOT 


XWling  of 


H'Aitr  of 
I  heir  tone: 


Tiiiir  t»Ut 

vper/ltifii. 


Si'ty  fh 

from  fire. 


mliJtgi 


The  elephant  when  (Iruck  with  a  lance  or 
javelin,  will  ufc  all  means  to  aflault  and 
kill  the  perfon  that  wounded  him  •,  but  as 
if  it  would  teach  the  beaitly  Blacks  hu- 
manity, neither  eats  the  body,  nor  infults 
over  it:  but  making  a  hole  with  his  teeth 
in  the  ground,  throws  it  in,  and  covers  the 
place  again  with  earth  and  boughs  of  trees. 
Therefore  the  hunters,  when  they  have  woun- 
ded an  elephant,  hide  themfelves  for  a  while, 
and  then  fellow  at  a  diltance,  till  being 
weakened  with  lofs  of  blood,  tlicy  dare 
draw  nearer  and  kill  the  bealt.  Thole  fiLicks 
know  not  how  to  take  elephants  alive,  as 
ihey  do  in  the  Eajl-Inltes. 

In  the  country  of  Sogno,  wiien  the  ele- 
phants are  together  in  a  herd,  the  hunter 
anointing  himfelf  all  over  with  tjuir  tiung, 
gets  in  dexteroufly  with  his  lance  in  iiis  h.inti 
among  them,  and  creeps  about  unticr  their 
bellies,  till  he  has  an  opportunity  to  llrike 
one  of  them  under  the  ear,  whicii  is  the  belt 
place  to  bring  them  down.  The  ilroke  be- 
ing given,  he  immediately  makes  his  efcape, 
before  liie  elephant  can  turn  about  to  re 
venge  himfelf.  The  other  elephants  de- 
ceiv'd  by  the  fmell  of  the  dung,  take  lefs 
notice  of  his  roaring;  and  thus  the  relt  of 
the  herd  walking  on,  and  forfaking  their 
wounded  companion,  leave  him  a  prey  to 
the  fuccefsful  hunter.  If  the  elephant  pur- 
fues  him,  he  eafdy  makes  his  efcape  by 
dodging,  becaufe  the  bealt  cannot  turn  fo 
nimbly. 

The  natives  diftil  a  water  from  the  bones 
.  of  the  elephants  legs,  whicii  is  reckon'd  ve- 
ry good  againft  afthma's,  fciatica's,  or  any 
cold  humours. 

Some  BUuh  of  thofe  parts,  and  particu- 
larly the  Ghighi,  pay  a  certain  religious 
worlhip  to  the  elephants  tail ;  for  when  their 
lorils  or  fovereigns  die,  they  commonly 
preferve  one  of  thofe  tails  in  memory  of 
him,  on  which  tiiey  beftow  .1  fort  of  adora- 
tion, on  account  of  the  creature's  great 
ftrength.  They  often  go  a  hunting  only 
for  the  fake  of  cutting  off  thofe  tails,  bur  it 
muft  be  perform'd  at  one  ftroke,  and  from 
a  living  elephant,  or  clfe  they  do  not  rec- 
kon it  has  any  virtue. 

The  D'.acks  in  Congo  turn  the  elephants 
out  of  their  way  by  firing  fome  huts,  or 
the  fields,  for  thofe  creatures  take  another 
w.Ty  when  they  fee  the  flame. 

There  are  no  lions,  tygers  nor  wolves,  in 
the  country  of  i'ofwo,  or  if  any  be  fcen,  it 
is  a  great  accident,  tho'  there  are  enough 
in  the  neighbouring  parts-,  but  there  is  a 
fort  of  wiKI-dogs  which  go  out  to  hunt 
in  great  numbers,  and  furioiifly  fet  upon 
any  elephant,  or  other  wili!  bead  tiiey  meet 
with,  and  never  fail  to  kill  it,  r'M)'  never 
fo  many  of  tiiem  be  deflioy'd  .  :lic  at- 
tempt :  ihofc  dogs,  tho'  wild,  do  little  or 


no  harm  to  the  inhabitants.  They  are  red- 
hair'd,  have  fmall  (lender  bodies,  and  their 
tails  turn  up  on  their  backs  like  grey- 
hounds.    Merolla, 

The  buffalo,  in  the  language  of  the 
country  call'd  Empakaffe,  has  a  red  fkin 
and  black  horns,  ol  -'hich  the  inhabitants 
make  mufical  inftru.nents.  It  is  a  mif- 
chievous  beail,  and  dangerous  to  be  hun- 
ted, efpecially  after  they  arc  (Tiot,  if  not 
right  ftruckj  wherefore  the  huntfmen,who 
mean  to  Ihoot  one,  firft  chufe  out  a  fe- 
cure  place,  where  they  may  not  fear  the 
furious  afliuilts  of  the  enrag'd  creature. 
The  flefli  of  it  is  very  grofs  and  flimy, 
yet  the  flaves  eat  freely  of  it  cut  in  flices 
and  dry'd.  There  breeds  in  the  woods  an- 
other creature,  feklom  to  be  found  elfe- 
wliere  -,  rhey  e.dl  it  Zebra,  in  fliape  like  a 
mule,  with  a  (kin  ftriped  ;  on  the  head  and 
over  the  whole  body,  wiiite,  black,  and 
bluifli :  they  are  very  wild  and  fwift,  hard  to 
be  taken  alive,  and  when  taken,  more  diffi- 
cult to  be  tamed  •,  though  the  Portuguefe 
fay,  that  fome  years  fince  they  fent  tour 
of  them  to  Portugal,  for  a  prefenc  to  the 
king,  who  ufed  them  for  a  coach,  and  re- 
warded the  peifbn  wlio  brought  them  over 
with  the  notaryfhip  of  yfffgo/ij,  to  him  and 
his  heirs ;  but  the  whole  is  a  fable. 

Empalnnga  isa  greatbeaft  like  an  ox,  h.w- 
ing  two  horns,  and  very  favoury  meat ;  they 
are  of  feveral  colours,  fome  brown,  others, 
red,  and  'bme  white. 

Envoi ri  isa  great  beaft  like  a  ftag,  with 
two  hori.s. 

The  Mahko  differs  little  from  a  horfc  in 
bigncfs,  but  iias  long  and  flender  legs,  a 
long  gray  neck,  with  many  white  fmall 
(Iripes,  and  on  his  head  long  fharp  horns 
wreathM  below  -,  the  dung  of  this  creature 
is  like  that  of  a  fheep. 

Tygers  in  the  CoiigoiJIj  language  call'd 
Engri,  never  hurt  the  H'hiUi ;  fo  that  when 
they  meet  a  iri.nte  and  a  Black  together, 
they  will  affail  the  Black,  and  let  the  IFbite 
pals  unhurt  v  therefore  the  king  of  Coi:go 
has  appointed  a  reward  for  thofe  that  kill 
them,  and  brmg  their  fkin,  with  this  pro- 
vifo,  that  the  hair  of  the  lips  remain  upon 
them,  becaufe  they  account  them  a  mortal 
poilon. 

The  leopards  generally  prey  upon  caitel, 
fo  lio  the  lions,  but  they  are  not  fo  cruel  as 
the  tygers,  nor  fo  much  dreaded  -,  and  tho' 
there  are  abundance  of  lions  in  Congo,  yet 
the  people  arc  not  fo  much  terrified  and 
molefted  by  them,  as  they  are  by  the  ty- 
gers or  leopards.  They  Icare  away  lions, 
by  fetting  fiie  to  parcels  of  fhrubs  and 
weeds,  when  they  fpy  any  at  a  diftance  a- 
bout  the  country,  as  they  travel. 

The  ^/umhrngo,  or  wolves,  are  very  nu- 
merous, have  a  tiiick  head  and  neck,  al- 

moft 


B*/-i/«, 


7,cbr), 
/»■'/(  iljfl 


Empilan. 


Envocr, 
Makokc 


Tfim. 


»r,it  iim. 


nihil, 


the  Lower  Ethiopia. 


487 


liniri' 


ifr;«.i(J. 


Black  together, 


mod  like  the  wolves  in  Europe,  but  much 
bigger,  grey  headed,  fpeciiled  with  blacic 
fpois  iii<e  thv.*  lyger,  but  much  more  ill-ft- 
vour'd  ;  foxis,  Hags,  deer,  conies  and  hares, 
fwarm  in  incre(hb!e  multitudes,  becaufc 
they  are  never  hunted  as  here  with  us. 
civit-tii''  Civet-cats  the  Blacis  catch,  and  tame 
for  their  perfume. 

The  territory  of  Batta  affords  many 
beavers,  whofe  fkins  are  of  great  value,  one 
of  them  being  as  dear  as  a  fheep ;  fo  that 
none  is  fuffer'd  to  wear  them  without  the 
king's  licence  firft  obtain'd. 

Apes  and  wild-cats  are  very  troublefome 
by  their  numbers,  efpeciaily  in  Soiigo  by 
tiie  river  Znir. 

In  Congo  the  large  monkeys  or  apes  are 
call'd  MocchacoSi  and  thciittle ones .Sfl^^rn. 

There  is  a  multitude  of  mondrous  fer- 
pcnts,  commonly  twenty  five  foot  long,  or 
more :  one  fort  of  whit  h  they  call  Soma  ; 
another  fort,  which  kills  with  its  tail,  F.in- 
hambi.  In  the  ways  to  S'm^a  many  travellers 
are  devoured  by  a  fort  of  icrpents,  common 
in  thole  parts,  hich  they  meet  on  the 
roads,  as  Merolla  reports,  and  adds,  that  it 
once  happen'd,  that  a  perfon  being  thus  af- 
faultcd  by  one  of  thefe  prodigious  ferpents, 
had  by  a  ludy  rtroke  of  a  cymeter  cut  him 
in  two,  butnotyet  kill'd,  the  enrag'd  mon- 
fter  lay  upon  the  catch  among  the  thick 
budies ;  and  foon  after  two  pcrfons  palTing 
by,  it  imni''  '.lately  crawl'd  out,  wounded 
as  it  was,  and  feized  upon  them,  devouring 
them  almoft  whole  ;  but  at  laft  a  nuinber 
of  men  coming  to  the  place  with  mulkets, 
fent  fo  many  bullets  into  the  monger's  body, 
that  they  kill'd  it.  The  natives  eat  of  the 
lldfli  of  ferpents  very  heartily,  chopping 
olf  the  head  and  tail,  and  throwing  away  the 
entrails. 

In  this  country  they  have  alio  a  fort  of 
(Tocodiles,  which  they  call  ALicnrdo. 

Wild-boars,  by  them  call'd  Emgalo,  or 
F.nr.ilo,  may  be  fcen  here,  with  two  great 
tufks,  wliercwitli  they  tear  violently:  the 
BLuki  Hand  more  in  fear  of  them  than  any 
other  bealt:,  and  if  they  do  but  hear  it,  will 
ni.d<e  away  with  all  pofTible  fpeed.  The 
filings  oi  their  teeth,  which  the  Por!ngii,'fe 
highly  elleem,  ami  are  very  feldom  gotten, 
taken  in  fome  lii)iior,  arc  reputed  a  power- 
ful antidote  againll  poifon  •,  the  teeth  theni- 
felve.s  rubb'd  againfta  (lone, and adminiller'd 
in  a  little  water,  are  an  infillible  cure  for 
an  ague.  They  fay,  this  beaft,  when  fick, 
recovers  its  health  by  fo  rubbing  its  teeth 
u}'Dn  a  ftone,  anti  licking  with  its  tongue. 

Roebucks,  call'd  G  liitigo,  breed  here  a- 
bundantly,  but  no  I'igger  than  rtieep,  of  a 
brown  colour,  with  fome  white  fpecks,  and 
two  fharp  little  horns :  feveral  of  the  Blad-s 
kill  and  eat  them,  but  the  Conpians  and 
Atiibaudci  will  by  no  means  taftc  Uieir  flclh  :, 


llliuth. 


nay,  they  bear  fuch  an  antipathy  to  it,  that  Baijuot. 
they  will  not  touch  any  thing  out  of  that  >iO/'">^ 
pot  where  their  flefli  has  been  boil'd,  nor 
come  into  the  place  where  the  fire  was  that 
drefs'd  it,  nor  lay  their  hands  on  any  wea- 
pon wherewith  it  was  flain ;  yet  can  give 
no  other  reafon  for  it,  but  that  the  flefli 
is  their  ^^lijUUa,  that  is,  a  food  prohibited 
among  them  by  authority  and  ancient  cuf- 
tom,  by  tradition  dcliver'd  from  hand  to 
hand,  by  their  fore-fathers  :  for  they  firmly 
antl  undoubtedly  believe,  that  if  they  flioulu 
do  the  contrary,  they  Ihould  not  only  be 
lame  in  their  bodies,  but  their  fingers  and 
toes  would  rot  otT. 

Laftly,  bears,  foxes,  wild  cows  call'd 
Ca'-.^ff.:,  .md  goats,  frequent  the  woods,  and 
lomeofthem  infinitely  damage  tiie  people. 

Befides  I hefe  variety  of(]',i,ulrupedcs,  they 
have  nuny  Ibrts  of  wing'd  animals  ;  as, 

Firif,    peacocks,    wliich  none  but   x.\\t  pe.uock' 
king  only  may  have;    ;'.nd  he  keeps  them 
with  great  care  in  inclofed  woods,  upon  the 
borders  of  Awnhi. 

They  have  two  forts  of  partridges,  X.amQp.inri.lf^e  . 
and  wild  •,  asallophcafants,  pigeons,  turtle- 
doves, eagles,  falcons,  vultures,  merlins, 
fparrow- hawks,  pellicans,  green  and  red 
parroqucts,  cranes,  ftorks  with  red  bills 
and  red  legs,  and  half  white  and  half  black 
feathers.  As  to  fparrow-hawks,  they  are  ig- 
norant of  the  ufe  wc  make  of  them  in  Eu- 
rope. 

There  are  abundance  more  of  very  beau- 
tiful birds  of  feveral  colours,  green,  red, 
yellow,  and  fome  the  fin;ft  of  all,  being 
Eihiopi.ift  parrots,  with  white  (eatlvrs,  and 
black  fillets,  looking  like  the  feaKs  of  fifli  < 
their  tail,  eyes,  beak  and  feet,  of  the  co- 
lour of  fire.  Thelb  parrots  will  tilk  like 
thofe  of  Brazil,  but  are  r.ii-cly  brought  into 
Europe;  the  hens  they  call  C-irir.is,  the  cocks 
E^tijfu. 

There  are  alfo  owls,  which  they  call  Car- 
jampemlui,  that  is,  devils,  becaufe  their  ap- 
pearing prefages  ill-luck. 

They   have  two  forts  of  bees,  one   that  Bees. 
hives  in  the  woods,  in  hollow  trees;  and  the 
other  in  the  rools  of  houfes. 

Thepifmires  or  ants,  by  them  call'd /;;- p,y,„,>f;. 
giiigie,  arc  of  four  forts,  the  biggdt  have 
Iharp  ftings,  with  which  they  raife  fwellings 
upon  men,  the  other  three  are  Ibmewhat 
fmaller.  It  is  incredible  what  trouble  and 
damage  thefc  little  infefts  occafion  to  th? 
natives,  as  I  fhall  hereafter  obferve. 

Erifiijf^'w  is  a  little  beaft,  wjth  a  fkin 
fpeckled  black  and  grey. 

The  Einig'h'rgio,    a  (mail  creature,    very^/;,,^^^, 
curioufly  flreak'd,    flender  bodied,    with  .\cre*tur,. 
fine  tail  and  legs,    never  comes  ujion  the 
earth,    for   the  very    touch  thereof  proves 
mortal  to  it,    theretbie  keeps   in  the  trees, 
and  has  always  twenty  black-hair'd  creatures, 

call'd 


Mi 


li  * 


i|:' 


wi 


V. 

1  ,. 

i 

Pi 

\  ' 

1 

f    \ 

hi 

i 

'  y 


.   v 


V.i 


^(  i 


■li 


iV 


■     ■)! 


■jy 


mm 


'i 


.m 


J  ';i( 


488 


^  Description  of 


pARiuiT.callM  Emi/ij,  attemling  it ;  tliat  is,  ten  before, 

"*Or»^  and  ten  bL'liimi.     They  t;ike  tin-  ten  firft  in 

fn.ircs,  .mJ  dien  the  ten  l)ehind  in.viie  their 

cl'cape,  by  which  means  the  anim.il  bere.iv'd 

of  its  gu.ird  is  ;iiro  taken. 

I'lie  Ikin  ottiiis  little  b'aft  bears  fuch  a 
v.iKie,  that  none  but  the  king  may  wear  it, 
iiiilels  periiaps,  by  particular  tavour.  Tome 
j;riMt  lords  obtain  leave  -,  among  which  are 
the  kings  ot  L^.i;/^';,  Cnoiigo,  and  Gov. 

Some  have  nportcd  tiiat  there  are  gold 
mines  about  ^V.  S.Jvitlar,  but  without  any 
grou.id  of  probability  ;  for  the  Portu^ueft', 
who  have  convcrl'eil  lb  Iopt  'n  the  country, 
wiMild  not  li.ive  left  them  unctilcovcr'd. 

But  tlicy  find  many  copper  mines  in  ft- 
veral  [)lac.s,  elp.  cially  in  Piinhn,  whole  me- 
tal haslodu'pa  '.iiiclure  ofyeUow,  tiiatable 
artilts  have  mill.iken  it  tor  gold  •,  but  upon 
proof  the  error  foon  app^'ars. 

The  like  mines  arc  found  in  So':in,  yidd- 
ing  bettor  copper  than  th.it  ot  Pernio  ; 
wlicreor'  the  purple  armlets  in  Lnaiuhi  aic 
coiiiiiioiiiv  m.idc,  which  the  P(irtu\^:irh- *..\v- 
ry  to  C.i  .li'.ir,  Rio  del  Rc\,  and  other  pl.ices 
in  the  /^ .;"■''  ^f  G.iiih'ii. 

In  B.iiiixt,  i'.iyi  r.in/ibitcii,  there  are  fiU'cr 
mines,  and  other  metals  ;  and  in  Sii/ula,  ol 
crythU  andiron,  the  Lift  bearing  the  liigheft 
\alue,  bccaufe it  makes  knives,  Iwords,  and 
other  weapons. 

Qi_iariics  of  ftoiic,  callM  ALiilciri,  arc 
very  common;  as  alfo  rocks  ol  red  m.nbl.'; 
b.  fides  m.iiiy  [ireciouslloncs,  asjafpcr,  por- 
phyry, lacinth,  and  the  like  :  and  yet  com- 
mon itoncs  arc  rarely  found  through  all 
C'jii^Oi  as  is  reported  by  Cirli,  a  milVioner 
in  Cc':g\ 

Tlie  inh.ibitants  of  Congo,  known  by  the 
name  of  M-irik^ir^i'ii,  arc  very  black,  yet 
fome  few  dili'er,  b^ing  only  of  a  fort  of 
olive  colour  :  their  hair  black  curlM,  their 
bodies  of  a  middle  llature,  and  well-let  ; 
the  white  of  their  eyes  of  a  fe.i-green,  ami 
their  lips  not  lb  thick  as  other  IHaiks  ; 
wherein  tluy  ditier  more  efpccially  from 
thole  of  A'.ir;,!  and  Cuiiita. 

Tho'  fome  be  furly  and  proud,  yet  in 
[;(ner.il  they  carry  themftlves  very  friendly 
towards  rtrangers,  being  of  a  mild  conver- 
fation,  courteous,  aR'able,  and  eafy  to  be 
overcome  with  reafon,  y^'t  inclin'd  to  drink, 
tfpecially  N/iiw///.)  wine  and  brandy:  fuch  .is 
Lonverle  much  with  them,  difcern  a  quick- 
nefs  of  reafon  and  underllanding,  ordering 
their  coiHcits  and  difcourfes  fo  rationally, 
that  the  ir.oft  knowing  take  gre;.t  delight  in 
their  facetious  humour. 

They  fliow  little  courage  in  war,  but  ge- 
nerally come  by  the  lols,  unlefsafTilhd  by 
the  Ponuijicfc  ;  for  twenty  l!^b:ti:i  will  rout 
a  thoufinti  ot  them. 

Thole  of  Soi:^']  arc  a  proud,  la/.y,  and 
luxurious  people,  but  have  a  w.nning  bc- 


tivti. 


liaviour,  and  a  volubility  of  fpcech,  be- 
yond thofc  that  live  on  the  north  fide  of  the 
Zair. 

The  people  of  Bamha  are  reckoned  ihcTv.ii.,;;,. 
beft  foldicrs.  The  gentry  of  Bainb.i  tr.ivel 
with  abundance  of  attendants,  and  much 
fbatc  ;  lomc  of  them  tbllow'd  by  tweiuy  or 
thirty  MuLitloi,  who  are  bold  fellows, arni'd 
with  mulkets  and  cymitcrs,  and  the  Buuks 
with  bows,  arrows  .ind  lances ;  many  mu- 
ficians  going  before,  making  a  great  nolle 
with  their  feveral  inlh  uments.  Tlie  great 
duke  of  this  country  has  a  greater  retinue 
in  proportion.  At  night  they  build  hutts, 
anil  endofe  them  with  thorns,  la  fecure 
them  .igainlt  the  wild-be.'.lls,  v.hich  iWaiin 
about  the  country.  IMi.k's  lions,  tygers, 
wolves,  ckphants  and  rhinoceros's,  tiierc 
are  pocalUs,  whiv  h  roar  like  lions,  and  are 
whin  ,  with  bl.ick  and  red  Ijiots,  very  lone 
ears,  snd  llrail  horns,  much  like  tlu  biili'a- 
loes.  To  ilrive  away  thole  creatures,  the 
/^/,7c^v  let  liie  to  ilry  gr.ili  •,  which  llinio, 
with  their  lliouts,  makes  them  tly  anotaer 
w.iy.  Sometimes  alio  tr.ivellersclinib  trees, 
with  ladilers  ol  ropis,  tliey  h.ive  for  tint 
purpofe,  or  otherwife,  and  thence  lliocji; 
I  hem  with  poifon'd  arrows  ■,  but  fometinies, 
if  not  nimble  enough,  they  become  a  prey 
to  I  hole  r.i  venous  bialls. 

The  people,  for  the  moil  part,  feed  Oiif^^,,; 
kidney- beans,  and  oilier  kinds,  whicli  the 
women  low,  being  very  regarillefs  of  tir.ir 
diet,  and  as  merry  after  a  me.il  of  infipid 
roots,  which  grow  wild,  as  if  tliey  h.id 
been  at  a  fealh  At  night  tlie  wonv  n  re- 
turn from  the  fields  with  llieir  children, 
light  a  fire  in  the  middle  of  the  cotuige, 
where  they  eat  fuch  as  they  have,  ar.d  dil- 
courfe  till  they  fall  all,ep.  Tiiis  is  the  way 
moll  of  the  country  people  live,  many  of 
them  going  flark  naked. 

The  country  is  prodigiotifly  infellei!  with^j,.;, 
ants,  which  are  fo  numerous  and  ravenous, 
that  they  are  fiid  to  devour  tiie  carcafs  of  a 
beaft  in  a  night.  When  they  get  into  a 
cottage,  the  only  w,iy  to  rid  iluin,  is  to 
let  lire  to  flraw  on  the  iloiir,  whi- li  de- 
llroys  infinite  (lu.intiticsot"  tlv.ni,  but  leaves 
an  intolerable  flench,  .ind  lometimes  burns 
down  the  hut. 

They  have  a  fort  of  fm.ilt  monkeys,  j(/,„it,., 
which  drivi'  the  rats  out  cf  their  |-.oul'cs, 
tliere  being  .1  lort  ol  antipathy  between  them. 
Thefe  monkeys  have  a  ■tuitky  fcent,  which 
perfumes  a  raom,  arc  very  tame,  and  will 
learn  any  thing  thev  are  taught. 

Several  prime  men,  who  are  in  difgracCRcifpn, 
with  the  king,   fometimcs  lie  in  companies 
on  the  roads  to  the  cities  of  S,iii  SMi\iilor 
■di\d  Loan,!.!,  robbing  all  travellers,  till  they 
arc  again  taken  inio  favour. 

They  are  laid  to  be  very  guilty  of  pon'on- PMnini 
ing,  but  perhaps  it  is  more  in  talk   than 

reality ; 


film 


cech,    bc- 
fidc  of  tlie 

koncd  ilicrr.n,;;;.:j, 
iiib.i  cr.wol 
inii  niUL'h 
twenty  or 
jwsjrni'J 
tlie  Bliuks 
in.iny  mu- 
i,n\it  nolle 
riie  grtMC 
tcr  ri.-tinue 
iiiilii  luitts, 

to  lee  lire 
\kh  Iwaun 
IS,  rygcTs, 
os's,  there 
IS,  iuul  aro 

very  loni^ 
?  the  bufl'.i- 
.iturcs,  the 
\d\  iline, 
lly  .inol.icr 
:linili  trees, 
,ve  t'nr  thit 
uiee  lliooi 
rrt;netiiii,-s, 
line  a  prey 

rt,   feed  OHf^,;. 

which  the 

els  of  lli:  ir 

1  ot  infiind 

they   h.ul 

worn  in  re- 

chil'.hxii, 

cotuige, 

,  ar.d  ihl- 

is  thcw.iy 

in.iiiy  of 

rdtei".  witli^/,.,,. 
r,lvcno'.l^, 

i;;u\.ils  ot  X 

got  into  .1 

Kill,     is  to 

whi-h   Je- 
hu; leaves 
times  burns 

monkeys,  j(,p,u.,;; 
Iieir  l-.oules, 
.  ween  tiiem. 
riu,  whicii 
and  will 

111  difi^raccKciiifri. 

companies 
,111  Salvador 
rs,  till  they 

of  |)oiJbn-P«'i"'''i 
talk    th;'.i\ 
reality  j 


the  Lower  Ethiopia. 


48p 


(•eaiity,  for  if  difcover'd,  they  infallibly  die 
for  it,  without  mercy,  and  fuch  iVrift  en- 
quiry is  made,  that  it  can  fcarcc  be  coil- 
cealed. 
ckihiH-  l'^"op'<^  of  ^"y  "ote,  efpccially  ih  the 
cities,  are  decently  clad,  in  long  mantles  of 
fine  cloth,  or  black  bays,  under  which  they 
wear  white  Ihirts,  appearing  on  the  upper 
part  of  the  body  ;  and  on  the  lower  parts 
they  have  long  wide  coats  of  fatin,  or  ila- 
maflc,  with  rieii  borders,  or  embroidery 
about  the  edges.  Some  wtar  a  fort  of  cloth 
made  of  the  bark  ot  the  Matombe-trixs, 
and  palm-leaves  tolourd  black  and  red,  but 
all  bare-legg'd,  and  on  their  heails  only 
white  cotton  caps;  but  they  adorn  their 
necks  and  arms  with  gold  anel  filvcr  chains, 
or  ftrings  of  the  bell  red  coral. 

Thole  of  Songo  wear  co;\ts  from  the  navel 

to  the  ankles,  and  mantles  over  the  reft  ; 

but  I  he  women  cover  tivir  breafts. 

f^,l  They  play  at  cards  for  pafs-time,  ftaking 

fjjj.i.t     little  horns  or  fhells,  reckoned  among  them 

as  current  money. 

The  citizens  ofCo«^o  live  chiefly  by  trade, 
and  the  country  people  by  tilling  the  land, 
and  keeping  cattle.  Tiiofe  about  the  river 
Zitir  live  by  fifhing  i  others  by  drawing  of 
Tombe-v/'mc  ;  and  Ibme  by  weaving. 

When  they  travel  from  one  place  to  an- 
other, they  do  not  ride,  but  are  carried  by 
nvii  in  hammocks,  lying  down,  others  fit- 
ting on  a  board  hanging  to  a  pole,  with  one 
arm  over  the  pole,  and  their  feet  rclling  on 
a  fort  of  flat  wooden  ftirrup,  holding  in  the 
Other  hand  an  umbrella  -,    or  elfe  fitting  on 
a  kind  of  bier,  made  faft:  with  a  cord  to  a 
pole,  reding  on  the  IhouKiers  of  their  flaves, 
or  of  hir'd  people.      For  expedition  they 
take  many  flaves,  that  when  the  firll  grow 
weary,  they  may  be  carried  by  the  others. 
fiiii;/.        There  are  two  things  very  remarkable  in 
thefe  Eihiorunif,  anil  worth  obferving  ;  the 
full  is,  in  their  eating  and  drinking  at  fe.;fts, 
wliich  they    commonly   celebr.iie    in  great 
numbers,  and  at  nii;ht.     A  great  company 
being  got  together,  they  fit  round  in  a  ring, 
on  the  grafs,  then  a  large  thick  roiinit  wooden 
platter  is  plac'd  in  the  miildle  of  tiiem  \  the 
platter  is  called  Alal'oiga.      I'he  eldeft  of  the 
company,    whom  they  call  Maculoulu,  or 
Cocoiouvi^i,  is   to  divide  and   diftribute  to 
every  one  his  portion  i  which  he  does  with 
fuch  exadlnefs,  that  if  there  h,tppcns  to  be 
.•>  bit  better  than  ordinary,  that  is  alio  di- 
vided proportionably  among  the  company, 
fo  that  every  one  is  contented  with  his  Ihare. 
When  they  lirink,  tiiey  make  ule  of  neither 
cups  nor  glafres  •,  to  the  end,  every  perfon 
may  have  what  isjudg'd  fufficientfor  him, 
and  no  more.     The  judge  is  tb  .  Aia:uloiitu, 
who  holds  the  Moringo  or  flaflc  to  the  perfon's 
mouth  that  drinks,  and  when  he  thinks  he 
has  drank  enough,  he  pulls  it  away.    This 
Vol.  V. 


is  praftifed  all  along  tO  the  end  of  thcR'"»'^T. 
feaft.  t/'Wl 

The  other  obfervable  thing,  is,  that  if  any  HtfiualUj, 
perfon,  man  or  woman,  great  or  fmallj 
iho*  not  known  to  them,  happens  to  pafs  by 
where  the  company  is  feaft  ing,  he  or  (hi; 
thrufts  into  the  ring,  and  has  an  equal  ftiare 
with  the  reft,  witliout  making  any  compli- 
ments, or  fpeaking  a  word.  Iftheftranger 
happens  to  come  after  the  portions  have 
been  divided,  then  the  Maciiio'itu  takes 
fomething  from  every  man's  mefs,  to  make 
up  a  fliare  for  him.  If  many  uninvited 
guefts  come,  they  all  have  the  aforcfaid  li- 
berty, and  may  eat  and  drink  as  freely  as 
if  they  had  been  invited  When  the  acci- 
dental travellers  perceive  the  platter  empty, 
they  rife  up  and  go  their  way,  without 
taking  any  leave,  or  returning  thanks  to  the 
company.  And  tlio'  the  flrangers  have 
ever  lo  great  plenty  of  provifions  along 
with  them  of  their  own,  as  it  very  often 
happens  they  have,  yet  do  they  forliike  their 
own  for  that  of  thefe  pco|)le.  Another  thing 
to  be  wonder'd  at,  is,  that  they  never  alk 
thofe  intruders  any  queftions,  as  wiicnce  they 
tome,  wliither  they  go,  or  the  like;  but  all 
pafsin  fllence.  'Ihis  charity  of  theirs  is  very 
commendable. 

This  fort  of  hofpitality  was  very  common 
among  feveral  of  the  e.iftern  nations,  in  the 
firft  ages  of  the  world  -,  and  particularly 
among  the  Ifraeliteu  of  which  we  have  fun- 
dry  inftances  in  holy  writ,  as  in  Ab'  abam. 
Gen.  xviii.  in  Lot,  Gen.  xix.  and  in  Jn.'ges 
xix.  2  1.  And  St.  Paul  commends  hofpitality 
in  his  epiftles  to  the  Romans,  and  to  the 
Ilehri-ws  xiii.  1,2.  /,(•/  brotherly  love  cnnlimte. 
Be  not  forgiijul  lo  entertain  jlranoen,  for 
thereby  fame  have  enlert  m\i  tixgeli  un- 
au-ares  ;  that  is,  Abraham  and  L't.  St. 
Prter  prelVes  it  alio  as  a  virtue  and  duty,  in 
his  firll  epiftle,  iii.  9.  Ufe  hof.utalily  to  one 
another,  without  gritil^in^. 

Thefe  people  !)efore  the  coming  of  the^^^„ 
Portu^uel,;  who  inllrudfed  them  in  the  chri- 
ftian  faith, had  no  particular  or  proper  names ; 
hut  the  common  people  call'd  themfelves  by 
the  names  of  herbs,  plants,  ftones,  fowls, 
hearts,  and  living  creatures;  the  lore's  bore 
the  title  of  the  lorddiip  they  commanded, 
as  the  lord  of  Son^o  was  call'd  .Mani-Songo, 
that  is  to  fay,  lord  of  ^owi;!?,  A/.i«»  fignify- 
ing  lord,  and  S'aii^o  the  country  :  but  at  this 
day  both  men  and  women,  high  and  low, 
even  the  king  himfelf,  commonly  receives 
a  name  in  baptifm. 

They  feem  fomewhat  experienc'd  in  fe- 
veral handicrafts,  hut  do  not  care  to  take 
upon  them  any  hard  labour. 

Congo,  Songo,  and  Bamba,  vent  few  flaves,  sUvu 

and  thofe  the  meaneft  of  all ;  becaufe  being 

ufed  to  live  idly,  when  they  are  brought  to 

labour  they  quickly  die.    Tlie  belt  come 

6  I  thither 


1  :u 


Il|jlf!gi!||i| 


n 


:;|    '■■  ■  '''■'-'■0 

%  ■iiihiH'^'.t'V. 

i=  .iM  tifti 


4Po 


A  Description  of 


lUiiMir.  thither  from  Amboi.lc,    Gingns,  Jagm,  Ca- 
••V^  leii.itf,  y^iilnx,  Lmhoy  and  othi  r  territories 

tluMTabouts,  above  Majjigiiaii  in  Jiij^oln. 
Tt4Je.  The   E.'iroreans  drive  a  link-  tr.uic  witii 

Simboes:  but  the  chief  dealing  in  6'u»i;»  con- 
fiih  ill  .S'.zwia-doths,  pahii-oil,  palmeito- 
nuts,  ;.nd  fuLhlike.  Formerly  they  broii^!;hr 
thence  many,  and  thole  very  large  elc- 
piunts  teeth  ;  but  of  late  that  trade  is  fallen 
to  notiiing. 

Thu  city  5/.  S.ilv.iJn-  is  the  ftaple  for 
the  Porlngiicje  mcrehanis  in  tiiofe  countries, 
of  whom'th--  natives  chiclly  buy  Cv/t.m. 
clotlis  or  painted  table-iloths,  call'd  C.iu- 
tif  I'crdura  blue  cans,  B:i\ihib  or  Siir::ts, 
copper  bafons,  Ki:giij.'>  cloth  ■,  y;reat  Sim!'  n 
of  Lo.Wil.i,  lliefwr,  and  other  incoiiliderable 
triilfs,  as  rings,  beads  and  the  like.  Their 
wealth  confills  chiefly  in  elephants  teeth 
and  Simlos,  or  little  in  Hi  which  p.ifs  iii- 
(le.ul  of  money. 

1  iie  citi/A'ns  of  S>.  Siili\!.!'.r  amount  to 
nc.ir  forty  tiioufand,  moll  ol  tliem  ;;liuK- 
inen  and  nobles,  yet  v/retchedly  poor :  lor 
among  then^  all,  you  fhall  Icarcc  find  ten 
or  twelve  t'  at  have  a  golden  chain  or  fmall 
i'vvcl.  However,  it  may  be  faid  of  this 
kiiigilom  o\  Congo  in  general,  tiiat  it  is  very 
ri.'h,  as  having  lb  great  a  (juantiiy  ot  me- 
tals i  that  tho*  they  Ihould  fjure  much  to 
liieir  neighbcirs  yet  there  would  remain 
enough  to  reckon  it  very  wealthy  ;  as  alii) 
conlidering  the  incredible  ntunber  ot  ele- 
ph  ints  there  are  in  it,  whofe  teeth  may 
mu.h  enrich  it  :  likewife  tlie  civet-eais, 
whiih  are  very  ntmieious,  ami  may  turn 
to  a  good  acioiint  ■,  whence  it  i.s  ealy  to 
eoneeive  that  the  prince  o.  fuch  a  kingdom 
■  null  be  very  potent.  It  is  nut  polTible  to 
exprefs  wh.it  liis  revenues  would  be  worth, 
if  the  produd  of  nietals,  cle()'iants  teeth, 
andoih'.r  commodities  wire  x.'ell  minded  ; 
but  tor  w.'.nt  ol'  indullry,  it  is  quite  other- 
wite.  Ti)  fly  tbmeihing  of  this  in  general : 
'I'he  king's  revenues  conlilt  ihielly  in 
yearly  tributes  paid  him  by  the  dukes  of 
Bambii,  li.niii,Suiido,  N^dinhair^atr^a,  liinnh;, 
At.ijjli''0,  Ou'iilo,  ^^<iiii;f/i'^o  ;  and  otiur^  un- 
der the  titles  ot  earldoms,  as  thofe  of  P<m- 
bo,  /^l•;;^•Y),  and  many  more,  which  are 
brought  in  on  St.  /./w/j's  day,  when  the 
king  rewards  them  with  I'onie  fm.ill  trille, 
as  a  mark  ot  his  tavoiir. 
Maiey.  I'h  v  have  no  coin,  either  of  filvcr,  gold 

or  copper  ;  but  as  li.is  ban  often  men- 
tion'd,  maki  all  their  maikets  with  littie 
(hells  call'd  Siini^te.',  an(f  another  fort  call'd 
Bonghi  or  Libiiiigh':,  which  p.ifs  current  •,  but 
in  other  countries  arc  of  no  elleem  or  va- 
Jue:  .intl  the  Po>ti(gi<ijt- ui'c  them  in  tiieir 
palFiae,  when  they  or  tiuir  Pumbr'i'i,  that 
is.  Haves,  are  fent  witli  merchandise  to 
Pombo,  and  other  places  lying  up  the  coun- 
try from  An^oLi  and  Loandii,  through  Con- 


go.     They  have  no  apothecaries  or  doiflors,  Tliyfutt. 
nor  any  phyfick  but  what  themfelves  make 
of  plants,  barks  of  trees,  roots,  flonrs,  wa- 
ters and  oil,  which   they  adminifter  for  a- 
gues,  fevers,  and  almolt  all  other  mal.idies. 

Fevers,  the  moll  common  diftemper  ot 
this  climate,  they  cure  with  the  beaten 
root  of  fandal  wood  mixM  with  the  oil  of 
dates,  anointing  therewith  the  body  of  the 
patient  two  or  three  times  from  head  to 
foot.  The  pain  in  the  head,  by  letting  blood 
in  the  temples,  with  little  fliells  llrarptned, 
wIk  rewith  opening  the  Ikin,  they  llick  with 
the    mouth  till    they  ilr.uv  the  blood. 

The  po.x  or  venereal  dillemper,  cal"d 
Cbiiwig^'.s,  rages  among  them  extremely, 
which  they  cure  with  the  red-wood  call'd 
-Tdvil'.a. 

The  king  appoints  a  judge  in  every  par-7,,;:;.,. 
ticular  province,  to  hearanti  determine  civ!! 
caul'es  ,ind  dillereiices  tiiat  happen  ;  who, 
tho'  there  be  no  fettled  laws  or  ll.itutes, 
mav  impi  ilon  and  re!eafe,  or  impole  a  pe- 
cuniary m.dcf  or  fine  upon  them.  But  in 
inore  weighty  maiieis  every  one  may  ap- 
peal to  the  king,  before  whom  criminal 
caufes  are  alio  brought  ;  and  he,  as  Ibve- 
reign,  gives  a  tlefmitive  lentence. 

In  matters  of  Hate,  and  fuch  as  concern ^,„„  ,, 
])eace  and  war,  the  king  adviles  with  ten 
or  twelve  counfell.irs,  !iis  favouiiiis,  who 
conclude  lor  the  welfare  ol"  the  kingtlom, 
and  let  lorth  and  publilli  decrees  by  his 
order   and  in  his  nanie. 

Thefe  lame  I'linifh  idolatry  and  witeli- 
crat't  with  thegre.itell  feverity,  condemning 
foreercrs  to  the  limits  or  to  ivrpctual  na-5„.„,„ 
very  in  Baud,  or  other  parts  of ///«>•/«, 
telling  them  to  Kiiior:.i!i:.  I  lowever,  there 
are  fever.il  of  the  nKaneft  fort,  wlio  pre- 
tend to  Ibrcery,  and  maketiie  ignorant  peo- 
(ile  bJieve  they  can  work  wonders,  as  pro- 
curing ot  rain  or  j.iir  weather  ;  being  con- 
verlant  in  lions,  tygeri,  '.rpents,  or  other 
milehievoui  creatures;  can  oblige  croco- 
diles to  tarry  tlum  ov.  r  livtrs;  are  t!i- 
miliar  with  tlie  devil,  whom  they  call  C.;- 
r.ibomhi,  .uid  many  more  tollies,  by  which 
they  gun  a  ripuiation  among  the  unthink- 
ing iniiliitud",  and  are  miicli  dreailed,  par- 
tieulirly  in  the  cour,tries  of  6',0-w  and  Jr.- 
•^  y  ;  and  this,  nntwithflaniiing  .ill  the  care 
taken  by  the  millloners,  anil  the  feverity  ot 
the  princes  to  dellroy  them,  whcnfoever 
dileover'd. 

Wholbever  kills  a  man,  has  his  offence 
openly  read  before  him,  anil  being  convided 
by  witnelles,  is  condemn'd  to  die. 

When  an  ollender  i^  put  to  death  upon  p^, ,„•„„„ 
fentence   pronounced  by  the  king,  he  for- 
feits all  his  goods  and    .laves ;  fo  that  no- 
thing  ot   what  was    his,   Jeicends  to  his 
relations. 

When 


Mil' 


H'liti'ii' 


li'.tf'tin. 


the  Lower  Ethiopia. 


491 


When  they  march  out  with  an  army  a- 
-it  their  <ncmif5,  the  commanders  wear 
|(_  :  cap"!  or  bonnets,  trimm'd  with  of- 
t;i  M,  •  jarork,  and  other  feathers  ;  which 
the)  i'  '  upon  both  as  an  ornament,  and 
to  m.  ..^-  tiiem  appear  the  more  terrible. 
The  upper  part  ol'  their  bodies  is  then  na- 
ked ;  but  on  their  flioulders  they  liang  two 
chains,  with  links  as  big  as  a  man's  little 
finger. 

'I'iie  common  foKliers  ufe  great  bro.ul 
fwords,  whieh  tiiey  buy  of  the  Pcrtugnr?  ; 
ponyards  with  hafts  like  knivis;  bows  fix 
fpans  long,  arrows  mufkets,  jiiltols  and 
fhiekls  made  of  the  barks  of  trees,  .u.ii 
coverM  witli  buffaloes-hides.  Tiie  wlii^l  ■ 
ftrcngth  of  their  battle  confifts  in  their  in- 
fantry, tor    tiny  have  few  or  no  horfe. 

Th.-y  ufe  little  dillipline,  eitiier  in  t'le 
onlet  or  retreat  ;  but  upon  the  word  of  coiii- 
niand,  the  drunv.  beating  and  t!ie  horns 
lilowing,  they  move  forwards  not  indole 
oriter,  Inir  at  a  dillancc  from  ca  '  other, 
and  to  ativancing,  let  fiy  their  arrows: 
which  done,  they  very  dextroufiy  wheel 
about,  and  leap  from  one  place  to  another, 
to  avokl  th,-  enemies  arrows.  Some  bold 
youths  commonly  draw  out  before  the  front, 
to  encourage  the  reft,  with  abundance  ot' 
bells  hanging  about  their  middks,  and  ring- 
ing. When  the  firrt  have  fought  till  they 
are  weary,  upon  the  found  of  one  of  their 
horns  direded  by  the  comm.m.ler  in  chief, 
they  retreat,  and  others  inlKuitly  fiipply 
theit  places  ;  and  tliis  continues  till  one  of 
the  armies  is   viftorious. 

If  the  general  of  the  ariny  hapjx-ns  to 
be  kill'd,  they  inftaiitly  betake  themlelws 
to  flight  and  leave  the  field  -,  no  force  nor 
authority  being  able  to  make  them  rally. 

They  ufed  to  take  little  care  to  be  :::r- 
nillied  with  provifions,  (o  that  very  ot'iea 
they  wer.:  forced  for  hunger  to  1-Mve  'lie 
enemy,  tho'  half  conquer'd.  and  retire  into 
their  own  country  •,  but  now  they  begin 
to  take  notice  of  thefe  mil'carri ages,  and  by 
the  inflruclion  of  the  Portugu,ji\  to  mend 
their   dillipline. 

Molf  of  the  territories  and  lorddiips  of 
Conrj  have  (jeculiar  governors  callVl  M.ui:, 
whereto  tliey  add  the  name  of  the  prm-ince, 
as  Mani-l-'amir.',,  that  is  lord  of  I'limm:!, 
Maiii-Oiiini  I,  Mdni-ILiny,  M.tni-KcUc,  and 
feveral  others:  but  Hcimki,  Pt'inb)  and 
P.ingf),  have  the  title  <if  dukedoms,  and 
others  of  earldoms,  wherein  the  8!Lks 
imitate  the  P',rt:ig:<cfc.  When  they  flievv 
t!v;.ifelvcs  to  the  people,  they  appear  very 
ftat:.'ly,  fitting  on  great  vdvet  ch.iirs  with 
Velvet  cuniions.and  fprcadingon  the  ground 
before  them  colUy  carpets  \  which  the  Por- 
liti^iu-/?  alio  taught  thetn,  in  order  to  ftrikc 
an  awful  reverence  into  their  fubj'  i!::. 


e:l   loiiK  h;-    leiv 
wooden  pi  ater,  wi 
wine  -,  but  thof;'  o 


The  titles  the  king  ufes  to  cxprefs  IiIsBarhot. 
grcatnefs  ,ire  thefe  •,  Mani-Coiigo,  by  the  ^i'V^ 
grace  ol  God  King  of  Congo,  Angola,  Ma- 
kiimha,  Okuiiga,  Cuinha,  LtilLi,  Zoiiza  ;  lord 
of  the  duke( loins  of  Batta,  SkuJci,  Bamha, 
/Iinhnill,',  and  the  territories  thereof;  lord  of 
the  earkloms  of  SoMgn,  Angoy,  Cacoiigo,  and 
of  the  manwchy  n\'  Amboiiiki  \  ruler  of  the 
great  and  wonderful   river   Zalr. 

He  has  abfolute  power  and  fovereignty  r/^i-Wa^ 
over  his  I'ubiec'ts,  who  never  approach  him, '"V"'""- 
but  in   th.'  moll  huinbl  ■  ]i!nliires  of  reve- 
ince  ;  and  whoever  fails  of  paying  due  rc- 
l;''Cl     .:■,!   obed.icnce,  i-  puniihcil  with  per- 
I'etuai  ll  ivcry. 

VVIien  \.\v~  king  treats  his  nobility,  it  is  it?  Lmt^i 
tluis:he  caufes  tl'.em  to  be  numbcr'd,  and '"•""• 
I  ■.eri.dl  the  jiots..ri^  brought  before  them,  one 
with  hoii'd  bc.ins,  anotlier  with  llefli,  and  ;i 
ihiid  wi-'i  miller,  witle^ut  any  fpice,  but 
only  fait,  and  I'nm"  pal. 11-0  I.  To  the  great- 
''  •■very  one  his  part  in  a 
I)  a  fmal!  fl.ilk  of  palm- 
1  Is  quality  are  by  name 
callM  u,>,  and  rnrlsM  by  I'  •:,  feven,  or  eight 
to 'ether,  t(j  whom  the  king  tlireds  fuch  :i 
gre.it  ]iot  of  nVillet,  b.ans  andllefli,  accord- 
ing to  their  number. 

When  the  feaft  is  ended,  th.cy  come  all 
into  the  king's  pnfence,  and  falfng  upon 
tlieir  knees,  clap  th-ir  hands,  r.nd  bow  their 
heads,  in  token  of  thanks  ai  1  fubmillion, 
and  fo  dcjiart  to  tneirown  homes ;  only  Ibmc 
favouri'es  Hay  all  the  tl  ly,  fmoiking  to'-atco, 
and  drinking;  p.dm-wine,  till  both  king  .•\-\  i./mtimr. 
luiblcs  aie  lb  diunk,  thai  ih  y  cannot  ) 
from  the  j  lae.-. 

When  the  kir.r,  n-oesabro.id,  not  only  thei;j,-„(, ,,,. 
nobility,  but  .dltlioll.'  tint  dwell  about  the^'o-'"'. 
court,  or  happen  to  be  there  at  that  time, 
attend  him;  liinie  going  before,  others  tbl- 
lowing  •,  but  .dl  ilaiu  inu  and  tirnbling  with 
autick  pelluies,  to  the  nuifuk  of  certain  ill- 
tuned  drums,  and  lung  ivory  llutes  like  cor- 
nets, till  the  king  returns  to  his  lioufe. 

At  his -oingtochuiih,  not  only  his  own  g-,,;,,^  ,0 
grandee-i,  who  at  all  times  are  ready,  hwlchurch. 
i\\t  Poniiruff,  as  Will  lairy  aselergy,  nuifl 
wait   on   him  -,  and  agdn  from   the  church 
to  his  p.il ace  -,  but  at  no  other  lime  are  the 
Po'\'r<::i,-  ','  oblig'd.  to  fueh  attendance. 

Wlun  he  fluws  huiilelf  to  the  people, 
he  is  always attii'd  in  his  liehell  robes  ;  that 
is  a  great  long  mantle  or  cloak  ot  filk, 
velvet,  or  fine  cloth,  liehly  laied  or  em- 
broider'd:  on  his  fingers  he  has  Ibme  gold- 
chains,  intermixt  with  line  coral -,  and  on 
his  head  acolUy  cap. 

He   has  in   his    palaee  above  a  hundred  Dmin^, 
waiters,  who  all  have  lodguigs  in  the  court. 
He  eats  his  meat  after  the  manner  ot  EuropCy 
at  a  high  table,  where  he  always  fits  .done, 
with  Ionic  few  pieces  of  plate  for  his  ufe. 

AU 


'v^ 

h 

k 

1  _( 

1  i'i 

1 

i. 

:1 

i:! 

If 

ill 

W^^ 

■1 

■•»■ 

m 


l:i' 


*■  '■■■"■'''1^ 

V-  ■■T'if 


fl;iit 


M*^ 


•i'liiiif,,  , 

1   feii«^i 


lA 


''f'liiii^l 

■'■  >jLf  -UlS' 


W.f  !'l 


r.: 


i'*'^i?;l( 


;;■ 


'!^?i^'s' 


i^' 


li-'M: 


-|i.-.nii 


492 


A  Description  of 


Outdi 


Hhiii 


Barbov  All  his  waiters  are  doth'd  in  black  mantles 

V^V^'  ot  Iwys. 

Tilt!  cli.iir  on  which  ho  fits  has  covers  of 
ral  or  green  vilvet  f.irten'il  on  with  t^re.it 
gilt  n.iils,  and  colUy  tapcitry  Iprcail  before 
him,  and  culhions  inllead  of  a  footilool. 

When  the  Hollanders,  in  the  year  1O42, 
came  the  firll  time  to  the  king  Don  /Uvaro 
as  amballadors  from  Loandii,  immediately 
after  tliey  had  taken  it  from  the  Poriuj^urj'f, 
they  had  audionce  at  nigiu,    in  the  dark, 

fwll'mj^  througli  a  gallery  two  hundred  paces 
ong.lct  on  both  fides  with  two  ranks  of  men, 
witli  wax  candles  in  their  hands,  burning. 

'I'lie  king's  apparel  at  that  time  was  very 
glorious  and  rich,  being  clotli  of  gold  and 
filvir,  with  a  long  velvet  mantle  :  he  lat  on 
a  red  velvet  ^/•tiii{//.>  eliair,  over  iiis  head  a 
canopy  ot  white  latin,  trimm'd  about  witii 
a  deep  gold  fringe  ;  on  liis  head  a  white  line 
cap,  and  on  lus  legs  a  pair  ot  rull'et  boots. 
On  Ins  rij'Jit  hand  an  otlieer,  who  l"oa>e- 
limes  gently  tann'd  the  air  with  a  liandker- 
cluel  1  aud  on  his  left  fule  another,  iiokling 
a  tin  bow,  and  a  tin  llepter,  cover'ii  with 
liuv;  llnpeti  cloth  in  his  haiul ;  ami  right 
beloi  e  him  was  Ipread  a  great  'tiirkri  carpet  i 
and  on  the  right  fule,  kneel'd  his  interpreter, 
<■■'/'•  lliis  king  commonly  wears  a  white  cap 
on  hib  heail ;  .is  do  the  nubility  tliat  are  in 
fivour :  and  this  is  lb  eminent  a  token 
thereof,  that  if  he  is  difplealt'd  at  any  of 
them,  he  only  caul'es  his  cap  to  be  taken 
olV  tron\  his  head  -,  (or  that  white  cap  is  a 
cogni/.uicc  of  nobility  there,  as  in  Europe 
every  order  has  a  peculiar  badge  todittin- 
guilh   it. 

When  the  king  goes  abroad  with  all  his 
nobles,  adorn'd  with  white  c.ips  on  their 
heads,  he  fometimcs  puts  on  a  hat,  and  at 
plealure  lays  that  afide,  and  refumes  his  cap. 

His  wile  iscall'd  Miini-MombaJii,  that  is, 
queen,  and  for  her  a  yearly  tax  is  gather'd 
through  the  whole  kingdom,  by  them  call'd 
Pinu'o;  every  houfe  paying  a  certain  rate 
for  their  beils. 
Tht  qHten.     The  queen  hath  her    peculiar  apartment 
in  the  palace  with  her  ladies,  who  ufe  little 
art  to  adorn  themfelves  ;  yet  they  go  al- 
moft  every  night  abroad  to  take  their  plea- 
fure,  only  lomc  (laying  in  their  turns  to 
wait  on  the  queen. 
Fifliir*li.       Formerly  when  the  king  died,  his  rela- 
tions pertorm'd  his  Tambi,  or  funeral  cere- 
mi  .lies,  putting  the  dead  corps,  call'd  there 
Affua,  into  the  grave,  in  a  fitting  pofture, 
and  a  dozen  of  young  niai'ls  ufed  to  leap 
into  it  of  their  own  accord,  apd  were  bu- 
ry'd  alive  to  ferve  him  in  the  other  world  \ 
as  believing,    he  (hould  not  remain  dead, 
but  fo  into  that  other  world,  and  live  there. 
Thofe  maids  were  then  fo  earnelt  and  defi- 
rous  of  doing  that  fervice  to  their  deceafed 
prince,  th-r  for  cagerncfs  to  be  firll,  they 


.  Ormaiin 


kill'd  one  another ;  and  their  parents  and 
friends  gather'd  all  lorts  of  colfly  clothes, 
and  put  them  into  the  grave,  to  the  intent 
that  when  they  arriv'tl  in  that  (Irangc  coun- 
try, they  might  buy  fuch  things,  as  they 
had  occalion  tor, 

The  funeral  of  the  king,  inllead  of 
mourning,  is  Cv-Icbrated  eight  days  toge- 
ther, with  contin.ial  eating  and  drinking  j 
which  they  call  Mi'lata,  and  every  year  al- 
ter folemnize  it  with  an  anniverfary  meeting, 
in  the  (iimc  manner. 

This  cudom  of  eating  anil  drinking,  is 
not  only  ufed  tor  the  king,  but  alio  for  the 
nobility,  according  to  their  quality,  and 
continues  to  this  day  ;  but  chriflianity  has 
abolilh'd  the  burying  of  people  alive. 

The  coronation  is  peiform'd  after  tliis, 
manner.  All  the  nobles  and  Porluj^iuji 
alVemblc  before  the  palace,  in  a  fquare  open 
court,  formerly  built  for  tliat  purpofe,  en- 
compaHed  with  a  (light  (tone  wall,  about 
live  yards  liigh  ;  in  the  middle  of  which, 
(lands  a  great  velvet  chair  and  culhion,  with 
a  (lately  carpet  Ipre.id  before  it,  and  a  crown 
wrouglit  of  gold  and  lilver  wire,  as  alio 
I  luce  gold  .irmlets,  .ibout  the  thicknefs  of 
a  finger,  and  ,1  velvet  purfe,  wherein  is  the 
pofx-'s  bull,  or  letters  of  confirmation  to  the 
new  king;  who  Ixing  come  into  the  place  lb 
prepar'd,  one  (lands  up,  who  in  the  nature 
of  a  herald  pronounces  thele  words : 

tm  -Jjbo  are  ti  he  kii:^,  mujl  not  rob,  nor ^;.-    , 
he  iovelous  nor  revengeful ;   l>ui  be  a  fruiultht  «w 
/()  the  poor :  you  Jhalt  bej'ow  alms  for  reli  .i-^'"i- 
J'"&  "f  prifeners  or  /Lives,  iviJ  help  the  needy, 
and  be  charitable  to  the  ebureh,  and  always 
endeavour  to  keep  this  k'ir.gdom  in  peace  and 
quiet nfi,  and  fulls  cbftrve  and  keep  the  fame, 
without  breach  of  league    with  your  brother 
the  king  of  Portugal. 

After  this  (peech,  the  mufiek  begins  to 
play  i  which  liaving  continu'd  tome  time, 
the  lad  two  noblemen  go  to  feek  him  a- 
mong  the  people,  the  relt  of  them  fitting 
on  the  ground.  The  two  having  toon  found 
him  they  fought  for,  and  bringing  him, 
one  by  the  right  arm,  and  the  other  by  the 
left,  place  him  on  the  abovcmention'd  roy- 
al chair,  and  put  the  crown  upon  his  head, 
the  gold  armlets  on  his  arms,  and  the  uhial 
black  cloth,  or  bays  cloak  on  his  rtioulders. 
Then  he  lays  his  hands  on  a  mals-book,  am) 
the  gofpels,  which  the  prieft  holds  to  him, 
having  an  alb  on  -,  and  tiic  king  (wears  to 
do  and  keep  all  he  has  been  forewarn'd  of, 
by  the  herald  .-"forefaid. 

This  Iblcmnity  being  ended,  the  twelve 
noblemen  and  the  king  go  to  the  palace, 
accompany'd  by  all  thole  that  were  prclent 
at  the  coronation,  who  cad  eai  tU  and  find 
upon  him,  in  token  of  rejoicing,  ami  as  an 
admonition,  that  tlio'  he  be  now  king,  he 
ihuU  be  dull  and  alhes. 

The 


,OrmAI:n 


parents  and 
Duly  cloches, 
to  the  intci'C 
rtr.ingc  coun- 
ings,  ixs  they 

r,  inftcad  of 
It  days  togc- 
nd  drinking  -, 
every  year  at- 
rfary  meetitig, 

I  drinking,  is 
ut  alio  tor  the 

qualiiVi  and 
lirilli.tnity  has 
lie  alive, 
n'd  alter  this^ 
nd  Portii^iiifi 
I  a  I'quare  open 
t  piirpofe,  en- 
le  wall,  al)ouL 
Idle  of  wliieii, 
1  cuihion,  with 
it,  and  .1  crown 
■  wire,  as  alfo 
tie  thieknefs  of 

wherein  is  the 
irniarion  to  tlie 
nti)  the  place  lo 

0  in  the  nature 
words : 

ujl  not  rob,  nor  ^_i^.-,  .^ 
but  be  II  Jrii-iiililii  will 
n!ms  for  rcLi-'""i- 

1  he'.'j'  tbr  lurdy, 
\-h,  and  alwiiy 
im  in  {'(•(ici  iind 

I  kicf  the  f.imc, 
lb  your  brother 

fiik  begins  to 
i\\  lome  time, 
[o  feck  him  a- 
of  them  fitting 
ving  loon  found 
bringing  him, 
he  other  by  the 
mention'd  roy- 
iipon  his  head, 

antl  the  ufiial 
jn  his  Hioulders. 
ni.ils-book,  and 
(I  holds  to  him, 

.ing  fwears  to 
\  Ibrewarn'd  of, 

ied,  the  twelve 

to  the  palace. 

It  were  prelent 

eaiih  and  find 

cing,  and  as  an 

e  now  king,  he 

The 


Hif'i'' 


the  Lower  Ethiopia. 


An 


The  king,  after  his  crowning,  remains 
rii;h:  days  in  his  palace  without  going  forth  i 
during  whi.  h  time,  all  the  /?.'.<ii(- nobihiy, 
none  cxa'ined,  and  .ill  the  rnrliii;i(iyi-  come 
til  vifit  and  congratulate  him.  The  Rl,i(h 
do  hnn  a  kind  of  homage  on  both  knees, 
clapping  their  hanils,  and  killing  the  king's 
hiiui.  riie /Vr/;(i;//(/{' kneel  upon  one  knee, 
.uiti  li:>  the  piiel'ts  ,ind  ch  rgy  by  that  hum- 
ble polhire  acknowledge  his  (ijven-ignty. 

\Vlun  the  eight  days  are  pall,  the  king 
appears  in  the  m.irket,  ami  makes  a  fpee.  h 
to  the  people,  ixprelTing  his  readinils  for 
the  perfoimingol  that  which  w.is  propound- 
fii  to  him  ;  with  airuianie  to  them,  that  he 
will  leik  nothini!;  more  than  the  ijuiet  and 
wclf.ire  of  his  kingdoms  ami  ful>ni'-ts,  aiul 
ihe  propagating  of  ihc  clnillian  i.iith. 

Till-  piople  of  Coitii^o  takr  the  oith  (■! 
fnlrlity  to  their  king,  like  other  chiil'nn-.  ■, 
liifules  which,  there  wcreUnnviiy  fundi  y 
forts  of  oaths  in  iifr  among  thole  E'iiin/ ui>:!, 
which  were  ailminiller'd  upon  leveral  occa- 
fions  1  but  .is  ntedlefs  to  mention  here,  as  ri- 
diculous ,inil  extravagant  in  their  nature  and 
lUlign.  Among  the  many  lorts  of  them  are 
thcic  duel  ones,  viz.  l!/.i,  'ii^o,  ,i  uraught 
ot  phyfual  purging  wood  -,  the  Chiluin- 
bi't  the  (.iiiwAitzi,  a  fuiierllitious  oath  ; 
othciii  callM  Oriomio,  0!iith,-iul.>c' ;  finally 
the  o.uh  of  Butiiiigo,  adminilleiM  to  fiip- 
poled  traitors,  by  a  wiz.ird,  or  HJntrl^li ; 
a  ilraught  comiiofed  of  the  juice  of  herbs, 
ferpent's-l'.elh,  pulp  of  liuit,  and  ilivcis 
others  things. 

Of  the  Earli  o/"  S  o  n  c  o,  or  S  o  n  n  o,  in 
paniadar. 

•np  H  I S  earl  is  the  mo'l  potent  in  all  C.oir^o, 

*•  and  was  fubjcc'l  to  the  king  ;  but  coii- 
f.lering  the  woods  of  h)iukii'jj(o'la.,  wlii.  h 
litrround  his  country  like  a  bulwark,  he 
t(iriili(d,  and  made  it  almoll  imprci'ii.iblc  : 
lo  calling  oil'  the  voke,  he  fcirce  ai  kiiow- 
Ic.iges  the  king  of  C'o/;^a  for  his  foveieign, 
but  only  as  a  triond  of  ^'nw^'). 

This  province  ot  Smi^o  yieiils  cop]'rr 
iiiiich  brticr  thin  th.it  ot'  C.'mi^o,  and  lome 
lOiton,  but  ihey  vend  little  ot  it. 

In  the  year  i  6  ,'6,  the  kinr.  Dm  .I'v.i'o  of 
Cumin,  aHilb-<l  by  eighty  I'oitii-^Krjr,  was 
routed  by  I  he  earl  ol  Siii:gr),  who  took  /)■'« 
jlivaro  priloni  r,  and  he  lor  his  riiilom 
was  forceil  to  give  the  earl  two  territories  •, 
the  one  a  prnuipaliiy,  callM  M,k,if.i,  a 
great  land  ot  tillage,  lying,  where  the  liver 
/.iiir  Ixirders  nearell  to  Sihyji.  Atii  rwanls 
Alviirii  r<ni'w'd  the  qu.irnl  with  the  laid 
eail,  and  .igiiii  lolliheday;  butiDiiiing  a 
third  time  againll  the  earl  wiih  much  lii|  e- 
rior  forces,  as  he  has  innumeribie  people  at 
command,  he  rook  f<  vtre  revenge  ot  the 
iicntps  for  the  loliis  before  lull.iin'd. 
Vol.  V. 


The  oil  carl  being  de.ad,   in  the  year  Bah  mot. 
1641,  there  liroke   o.it    anew  and  bloody  s>'V^^ 
wir,  between  that  kill!',  .wd  Din  D.iiiil  •l.i''''''"' 
Si!i-a,  tlu  new  earl,  onactountol  the  prin- 1;,,,,^^ 
cip.ility  ot  A/  k.itJ,  he  hud  m.ide  over,  asuni'Sotnjo 
has  been  fii  ',  to  the  latee.irl  •,    and  ai  cord 
ingly  invadeii  Soiit^n,  in  contederacy  with  his 
fon  ,/,'/o>;,»,  whom  he  had  elbiblifh'd  in  Mo- 
kiHit,  ufiii^',  all    the  extreniitiis  ot  war  both 
againll   the  JubjeCls  and  (ountry.     Hut  the 
Snii^i^os,  a  very  warlike  p, ople,  in  the  year 
tO.\!^^,  on  the   tw.  iity  ninth  of  .7,  ri/,  m  .1 
pileh'd  battle,  del,  ateil  .iiid  put  to  lli;',hi  the 
king's  .iriiiy,  and  took    the  .iforelaid  [irince 
ot    M.,L\iij,  togtth  r   uitli  m.iny  graiuhe;, 
priliimrs;  and,   aciei.!in[',  to  the  cullomot 
the   loiimrv,    ilioppM  oil"  .ill  iheir   he.ids, 
keepiii.',  only   ,7.'/<'     ,'   pnloivr,  who  wa'. 
Iiis  coiiliii,  but  would  not  llill'er  him  to  de- 
part tiom  him. 

1  he  ki;ig  pio\'ol.(d  morr  tli.m  ever  by 
this  overthrow,  cmie  the  next  year  into 
the  lieltl,  withall  his  nobility ,  aiidthreeor 
lour  hundred  AliilaHoi,  having  inaile  the 
duke  o{  Iitiii:!;i  general  of  iliat  army  ;  who 
being  Come  near  the  b.n.lu,  ot  >*i'  '• ;«,  was 
unawares  let  up.iii  by  an  ambufc.iile  out  ol 
tlie  wood  Emt!>i  ill  lliiol'.i,  on  the  lall  I'l 
'July,  anil  his  army  not  only  totally  deteated, 
but  the  duke  hiini'dl  lui '  llil.ili  d  to  yiel  I 
to  the  earl  lome  places  and  uuiiitries  beloie 
wreltid  from  him,  for  there  hale  of  piiiice 

.lljllllJO. 

During  this  w.ir  the  king  lent  embafladors 
to  lir,i:fl,  10  count  M.iw.i:'  v\  S'.\fJ.i:!,  who 
then  h.id  the  j'.overnment  ol  that  country, 
lor  the  llitesol  I/ul'.mJ,  with  m.iny  I'.ivt ', 
ami  a  |'_,old  ( h.lin,  tor  a  jirelent  ;  to  ileliie 
his  .ilHttaiue  to  c.irry  on  tlu'  war  agiinlf 
Soi;\!^o:  but  twocmb.iH  idois,  lint  at  the  lame 
nine  to  the  laid  eount  .it  liia.il,  by  the  c.irl 
ol  ^r  ^;i'e,  iKiii;!,  .illo.irnv'd  there,  iniieatid 
him  to  give  ni)  .ilblLiiue  to  the  king  ot 
Cvii^o,  againll  .s'l/.^H'i  •,  to  which  the  coiiec 
conieiued,  and  .i>  coidiugly  wiit  to  their 
j',oviriiors  in  (>;;.,.)  and  ./>::/■!  1,  not  to  in- 
uriiKildle  in  the  wars  o!'  ili  le  two  priiicis, 
lor  tliat  they  were  both  in  h'.igue  with  the 
//'.'/,)y../(V.i  ; 'and  thus  dilmilled  the  fiid  re- 
fpedive  embalVuloi^  wilh  equal  civilities, 
and  ri^h  [•relent?. 

Helore  the  comiii;',  of  the  Pu'l.-ritirf,-  mtoMdeiit 
thele  countries,  and  their  convening  tliein '''"'•'"■> 
10  chrillianity,  the  peojile  ot  doi'go  had  le- 
veral lorts  oV  idols,  every  man  making  to 
himi'elf  a  gixl,  according  to  his  own  WuKy. 
Some  woilhipp'd  dragons,  goats,  tygers, 
terp.  nts  .uul  many  oilier  IulIi  living  crea- 
tures i  others  ador'd  towls,  plants,  trees, 
and  the  very  lk;ns  ot  the  bealb.  Iluircd  with 
lliaw.  Beloie  thele  idols  they  paid  tlieir 
religious  worfliip,  bending  their  knees,  ly- 
ing Hat  on  their  faces,  daubing  themlelves 
with  dm,  and  lai.rifii  ing  to  them  ot  the 
t.  K  boll 


r; 


1     ! 


■Ml 


i : 


^^liiFi 


' ' 


;,  im 


^ 


m 


i!l''  '■*', 


I     , 


,1  ; 


it '  ' 


l'il»'t»"'  'I     !'  ' 


J  ..' 


li  ;i    .n  '      i 


il' 


'|i,H 


fi  ' 


494 


1^  Description  of 


Barhot. 


c/ Congo, 


bcft  and  deareft  things  they  had.  At  length 
they  were  brought  to  light,  outof  thisdarJc- 
ncfsoficloiatry,  in  which  they  had  remain'd 
for  many  ages,  through  the  endeavours  of 
the  Porltt^ue/e,  wiio  maile  the  firft  difcovery 
ot  the  river  Zttir  in  the  year  1480,  under 
the  command  of  'jfames  Can.  In  1 484,  king 
yj.m  the  fecond  of  Portugal  fent  the  fame 
Jfamei  Cm  with  a  fleet,  to  ihfcover  the  ealVern 
co.ift  of  Afiua,  and  the  Eaji- Indies.  He 
being  come  to  the  river  Zair,  fent  agents  to 
the  i<ing  of  Congo,  wiio  not  returning,  he 
took  four  of  the  natives,  tliat  came  to  lee  f  lie 
fhips,  and  after  fome  time  {pent  in  coiilling, 
return'ii  to  L'nhi.n,  where  king  John  treated 
thofe  Congo, iDis  very  coiiiteoufly,  and  im- 
nicilii'  y  liil^iatch'd  di^.b.ick  to  Cnw^o  witii 
ri'''  V  vnts.  He  arriving  on  the  coafl,  ex- 
r'r  ■  1,  "d  the  four  Congoiaiis  tor  his  lour  J'ui  - 
i;,^'/.'''  ..  vlio,  during  their  IVay  in  Congo, 
i.v. ,  s  1. ;  •■  intimately  acquainted  witii  the 
f!;,k.eof.!^'  ^  uncle  to  tin:  then  king,  and  a 
nianofagci'  .>.  s  I'pirit,  tli.it  they  inlfructed 
linn  ill  tin:  chril;i;in  religion,  and  lo  fully 
convinced  him  of  the  error  of  their  idola- 
trous woilliij),  that  the  laid  duke  went  to 
the  king  to  give  him  an  account  thereof, 
and  toatlvife  with  him  about  changing  their 
religion.  After  fevcral  conlul rations,  the 
king  .igreed  to  fend  one  'Aa.uten,  on  an 
embalVy  to  Portugal,  with  a  great  retinue, 
defning  tlie  king  ot'  Portugal  to  lend  fome 
priells  to  inllruct  them. 
Ctnvirfun.  Zacnten at  Lubon  fiifl  k'arnt  the  Portu^tiefc 
tongue,  ■  .d  foon  alter,  with  all  his  fol- 
lowers, .ectiv'd  baptifm  ;  which  foencou- 
rag'd  king7tf/j«,  that,  purfuant  to  the  re- 
quell  o\  ZaciiU'i:,  hedifpatch'd  him  to  Conga, 
with  foMie  priells  and  church  ornaments, 
where  they  were  received  by  the  prince  and 
people,  with  an  int  xprelTible  joy.  The 
duke  of  Soiigo  was  firll  bajiti/.M,  with  his 
Ion,  in  tl;e  year  1491,  he  taking  the  name 
of  Kmitmtt-l,  and  his  Ion  tli;it  of  /Inton-i  ;  as 
was  afterw;irds  tlie  king  liy  that  of  Job)!, 
his  queen  was  tall'd  E!Lanor,Am\  his  youngell 
Ion  .H;l'-n'h. 

This  good  ex.iinple  prevailM  upon  not 
only  the  nobility,  but  many  of  the  com- 
mons, whole  number  daily  encreafed  ;  fince 
when,  the  Poriugucfi  have  not  Ipar'd  any 
hazards  or  Libours  to  increafe  and  confirm 
the  new  planted  religion,  which  has  met 
with  fuitable  fuccel's. 

Among  the  Portuguefg  there  are  many 
fchoolm.illtrs,  who,  befides  reading  and 
writing,  teach  the  catechifm,  wherein  they 
make  their  llholars  very  perfedt,  and  they 
are  generally  very  fubmifllve  to  the  rules  of 
the  church, 

The  chur;  lies  are  built  like  their  houfes, 
and  fervcd  by  many  priefts  both  Black  and 
MulaUoes. 


The  B^ach  of  Conga  call  a  Capkcin  friar 
Gramga  Fomel ;  the  word  Fomet  being  a 
name  of  rcfpedt,  importing  father  or  mauer. 
A  prieft  they  call  Evanga,  baptifm  Mani- 
muncu,  and  God  Zabini.bunco. 

When  the  earl  of  Songo  goes  to  church, 
he  puts  on  his  bcft  apparel,  adorn'd  with 
many  gold  chains,  and  firings  of  fine  coral  i 
before,  goes  the  mufick  :  he  is  attended  by 
a  guard  of  mufketeers,  and  follow'd  by  a 
great  throng  of  people. 

Mcrolla,  in  his  account  of  ^w/f 5,  info'mspff/j,,,; 
us,  that  fome  years  before  his  arrival  there, 
oneV. Tbomai  de Stjiola,  a  Capucni  miirioner 
in  Congo  and  Angola,  with  Ibme  other  milfio- 
ners  of  his  order,  underwent  a  cruel  perfe- 
cution  from  the  then  earl  of  Songo,  who 
fent  them  away  to  yingoy,  ordering  they 
fliould  be  draggM  oui  of  his  dominions, 
lor  the  I'pace  ot  two  miks,  which  w.is  exe- 
cuted with  the  utmofl  rigour  1  the  cruel 
olHcers  dragging  them  along  by  their  own 
cords,  with  ilieir  faces  next  the  fands,  all 
the  way  reviling  and  infuliing  them,  in  llicli 
manner,  that  one  of  them  died  foonafter.anJ 
the  others  with  much  difficulty  furviv'd. 

The  occafion  of  that  pcrf.cution,  he  f.ys, 
was,  that  a  king  of  Co):go  defiriiig  lo  be 
crownM,afk'dtl.i  afTilbince  o(i\\<tPuriuguefe 
at//;/^»/(j,promifing  to  give  them  the  country 
otS)ngo,  and  two  gold  mines.  The  army 
of  Congo  being  join'd  by  fome  of  the  Giagbi 
and  their  Euro/ean  auxiliaries,  eafily  routed 
the  forces  the  earl  o\'Sango  had  railed  to  op- 
pofe  them,  killing  the  earl,  in  whofe  place 
another  was  foon  eleded.  He  having  r.iis'd 
new  forces,  inllrufted  them  how  to  behave 
themlelvesagainll  fire-arms;  exhorted  them 
to  die  a  glorious  death,  rather  than  to  live 
a  miferablehfe  ;  anti  caufed  all  the  cattle  to 
be  kill'd  and  eaten  by  his  troo()s,  as  well 
to  flrengthcn  them,  as  that  there  might  be 
nothing  for  the  Porttiguffi:  and  Congoiam. 
Tliefe  contemning  their  enemies,  fell  intoiv.7,,.,  ,.. 
their  hands;  tor  marching  without  any  order,  ''•'  'i'.'  ■/ 
they  were  led  into  an  ambufli.  The  firll ^™ti''' 
that  tleil  were  the  Guighi,  whom  the  Con- 
go'utm  foon  tbllow'd.  The  flave,  whom 
they  had  before  taken,  finding  an  opportu- 
nity to  cicape,  run  in  among  their  friends, 
and  being  by  them  unbouinl,  fell  furioufly 
upon  the  J'vr!ng;ii:Ji;  who  flill  Hood  their 
ground  ;  who  being  over-power'd  by  num- 
bers, were  all  kill'd  but  fix  m.ide  prilbners, 
and  carried  before  the  earl,  who  alk'd  them, 
whether  they  would  rather  chufe  to  die  with 
their  companions,  or  live  and  be  made 
flaves.  They  relblutely  anfwcr'd,  That 
Whites  had  never  yt  ftibmitted  to  be  made 
Jlaves  lo  Blacks,  nor  -uiould  they.  No  fooner 
were  the  words  out  of  their  mouths,  than 
they  were  all  kill'd  upon  the  fpot.  All  tho 
artillery  and  baggage  was  taken  by  the  Songefe 

army, 


a  Capucin  friar 
Vamet  beinu  a 
ther  or  nidlter, 
)aptifin  Mani- 
I, 

joes  to  churcli, 
,  adorn'il  witli 
,s  of  fine  coral  i 
is  attended  by 
foliow'd  by  a 

Songo,  info'insffr/hwi, 
s  arrival  tiitrc, 
il'ucin  niiiriuncr 
lie  other  miirio- 
[  a  cruel   perlc- 
jf  Songo,    who 
ordering   they 
his   ilominions 
which  was  txe- 
MX ;    the   cruel 
ng  by  their  own 
[   the  fands,  all 
gthem,  in  fiicli 
d  foon  after, and 
lity  furviv'd. 
cuiion,  he  f.ys, 
deliring    to  be- 
o(\.\KPvrtuguefe 
hem  the  country 
lies.     The  army 
me  of  the  Giaghi 
es,  eafily  routed 
lad  railed  to  op- 
i,  in  whole  place 
;^e  having  raii'd 
how  to  bcliave 
exhorted  them 
her  than  to  live- 
i  all  the  cattle  to 
troops,  as  well 
It  there  might  be 
md  CongUani, 
leniies,  tell  intoiv.lf,  ,- 
thout  any  order,  ''■'  '"•  'f 
3uni.     The  firll^^'^ii''' 

whom  the  Con- 
i\e  nave,  whom 
g  an  opportu- 
)nL!;  their  friends, 
tell  furioufly 
IHll  aood  their 
ower'd  by  num- 
m.ide  priioners, 
who  alk'd  them, 
chufe  to  die  witii 
and   be    made 
anfwer'd,    Tbat 
n'lltcd  to  be  made 
ey.     No  fooner 
ir  mouths,  than 
fpot.     All  the 

kenbythei'ew^C/' 
array, 


^'li- 


the Lower  Ethiopia, 


4P? 


army,  the  former  of  which,  with  fome  other 
pieces  of  cannon  bought  of  the  Dutch, 
i-rvM  to  furnifli  a  fort  built  of  earth,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Zair. 

The  Sognii'es  to  julllfy  theif  proceedings 
in  this  particular,  alleclg'd  that  the  kinjj 
of  (^ongo  had  no  right  to  give  away  their 
country  to  the  Poriuguefe,  fince  it  was  none 
of  iiii,  but  a  fovereigniy  of  it  felfi  there- 
fore the  Portuguejl;  who  were  no  Grangers, 
fljould  not  have  been  fo  unjulf  as  to  ac- 
cept of  it,  and  to  endeavour  to  fuhdue  it 
by  force  of  arms.  They  farther  urg'd, 
that  when  the  Dutch  fome  years  before  had 
got  poffi^fTion  of  the  kingdom  of ////^^•j/rt,  a 
gre.it  number  of  Pi.itugiieje  being  expellVl 
from  thence,  fled  to  Sogm,  where  they 
Were  very  courtef)„1y  entertain'd  by  the 
count,  whogavi:  them  the  ifland  of  Wor/cj 
to  live  in,  and  lurnilhM  them  with  all 
manner  ofprovilions  gratis;  therefore  they 
could  not  but  admire,  tf.at  thole  peoi)le, 
whom  they  had  I'o  hofpitably  rceeivM, 
Iliould  be  lb  ungr.iteful  ,is  to  endeavour  to 
take  their  country  from  them. 

Theafbrefaid  count  having  receiv'd  about 
thirteen  wounds  in  the  b.ittle,  died  within 
a  month  v  and  the  new  one  cholen  in  his 
rte.id  bore  fuch  hatred  to  the  Portiiguefi, 
that  he  refolv'd  for  the  future  to  have  no 
more  to  do  either  with  them  or  the  Ca- 
puiiiis,  whom  he  look'd  upon  as  belong- 
ing to  them.  Sending  therefore  for  fome 
FUmiJh  merchants, who  were  returning  home, 
he  writ  by  them  to  the  pope's  nuncio  there, 
to  furnifh  his  dominions  with  new  priefts. 
That  prelate  fent  him  two  Phincifcitn  prief^s 
and  a  lay-brother,  with  ftrirt  orders,  that 
if  there  were  any  Cupiuim  in  So^^m  they 
(hould  fubmit  to  them  ,is  their  I'uperiors. 
Thole  three  religious  men  being  arriv'd, 
were  receivM  with  all  imagin.ible  courteiy, 
and  conduced  to  the  Capucin  monatlery. 
The  count  having  thus  got  other  priells, 
laid  hold  of  leveral  fall'e  pretences  to  fend 
tlie  C.tiiuins  away  ;  and  not  being  able  to 
prove  them  guilty  of  any  crim  •,  h.id  re- 
courle  at  latl  to  tiic  molt  barbarous  courfe 
that  could  be  imaginVl,  commanding  them 
to  be  dragged  out  of  his  dominions,  as  was 


laid  above. 


Upon  this  inhuman  adion  of  the  count, 
the  l''i:incifiiiiti  wlio  were  come  from  I'lan- 
din  wiihdrew  to  Ango'.a,  and  would  nc '  re- 
turn to  Sogiio  any  mn.e.  Tluis  the  Ca- 
pucin convent  was  totally  abandon'd  by  re- 
ligious men,  for  which  reafbn  the  people 
arol'e  in  a  furious  manner  againft  their  prince, 
fei/i'il  and  lent  him  bound  to  an  ifland  of 
his  dominions  in  the  Zair,  and  thole  anew 
count.  Afterwards,  fearing  left  tlie  former 
fliould  endeavour  to  reinltaie  himfelf  with 
the  alTiftance  of  other  nations,  as  he  was 
then  adlually   contriving  to  do,  they  again 


In 

the  ye.;r  i' 

1  1 
/   1 

/I'.varr   liic   li 

k 

lent 

fourteen  i. 

lid 

d,z. 

who   lardec. 

m 

leave 

,  travel      to 

C6 

feiz'd    and  threw  him  into  the  fei  with  aBAtinoT. 
great  ftone  about  his  neck.  Si*v>^ 

Some  time  after,  one  father  Jofi-ph  Ma- 
ria came  from  Loanda  to  Sogno,  to  carry 
aw.iiy  the  church  utenfils  belonging  to  the 
million,  but  more  particularly  to  found  the 
minds  of  the  [leople ;  who,  as  foon  as  he 
arriv'd  at  cape  Pndroii  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Zair,  relbrteil  to  him  in  great  numbers,  re- 
lating how  they  had  difpatciiM  the  count, 
who  had  been  an  enemy  to  the  Cipiicini, 
and  protefting  to  him  in  thi'  moll:  Iblctnn 
manner,  that  they  would  defenil  them  for 
the  future,  to  the  fill  drop  of  tiieir  lilood. 
This  promile  they  ai^iin  confirin'd  by  oaiii 
at  the  altar,  and  lu  father  ///■/•  rcmaiii'd 
with  them,  and  fent  for  fit  her  'I'bomiti  to 
return  to  Son-^n,  which  he  did,  and  ever 
fince  the  Cajnciin  h.ivc  liv'd  there  unmo- 
lelted  ;  but  tlie  Pcrltigticfe  have  no  tooting 
in  Songo  to  this  day. 

at  the  rcqjcft  ai  DoiiMi/ptn, 
ng  of  Cir.g'i,   the  pope 
from  6';fr/v  and  Ca- 
To,  and  tlun^T,  with 
.  only  leaving  Ibmc 
of  til!  ir  ni"'.',ei,    o  propagate  the  faith  there. 
In  the    e.t,  1  f  i'  Aharo  the  liifl  oi  Con;^o, 
the  chrifVia.is       cei' M  not    only  a  ch  ck, 
but  undcwenr  le.avy  perfecution  i  but  pro- 
vidence       -"r  fi'H'ering  filch  raging  impiety 
to  go  u.       ,   ii.  cl,  the  'Jagos,  who  had  long 
poiTels'd  the   kingdom  of  /I'ljiko,  a   lavage 
people  refiding   in    huts  and  woo  Is  without 
prince  or  government,  like  the  wild  Arabs, 
fell  into  the  kingdom  of  Congo  like  an  irie- 
fillible  innundation,   ruining  the  fime  with 
fire  and  Iword.     The  province  of  Haiti  lay 
fi'll  in  their  way,  where,  on  a  certain  plain 
before  the  city  of  St.   Salvador,    the  king 
gave  them  battle,  but  with  the  \oU  ot  many 
people  ;  infomuch  that  he  was  forc'd  to  re- 
treat  into  the  cicy,  and  afterwards  tlcJ  for 
latety,  together  with  many  Po'tiiguje  and 
notable  perlons  ot  Congo,  to  liha  doi  Cavallos, 
that  is,  florj,.I/!.ind,  leaving  tlie  city  to  the 
Jagos  for  a  prize  ;  who  burnt  it,  together 
with  the  churches,  laying  wafte  the  whole, 
and   carrying  asvay  the  inhabitants,  whom 
they  killed  and  cat.    The  hu(l)andmen  fled 
to  the  woods  and  wildernefles,  chufing  ra- 
ther to  die  there   with  hungv  r,  than  to  fall 
into  the   hands  of  fuch  inhuman  cannibaK  : 
nor  w.is  that  calamiLy  confin'd  to  the  woo.ls, 
but   the  famine   fpread    over  the  inhabited 
parts,    fo  that  a  flave,  at  that  time  worth 
at  lead  ten  crowns,  was  given  for  a  little 
meal  i  nay  more,  tiioufands  Ibid  themlelves 
for  flaves  to  the  Pjrf.igucje  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Tome,  to  preferve  themfelves  from  flarv- 
ing  1  amongft  whom  were  ibme  of  the  blood- 
royal,  and  many  of  the  chief  lords. 

The   king  of  Congj  finding  himlelf  too 
weak  to  withltand  h.is  enaiiies,  by  the  coun •• 

lei 


1  'J 


\m'M:M 


I     I   hi: 


!  m; 


?.:. 


tM 


m 


Urn 


4pi        A  Description  of  Lower  Ethiopia. 


»l,'!l 


t:  .'     i! 


Chrifli- 
anity  re 

Her. I. 


Barhot  fel  of  the  Portu^ucfi'  lent  an  aj^cnt  to  Don 
y^>/>J  Sehollian  tlicn  kinjj;  of  Portugal,  |)i  .lying  aiil  \ 
who  immcdi.itcly    lent  him  a  lupply  ot  fix 
hundred  loKliirs,  many  |X:rlons    ot  quality 
going  as  volunteers,  under  the  coinniand  ot' 
Don  Irancis  il<-  Gouvea,  a  man  who  liad  ot- 
ten  been  in  /tfut  and  /Ifrh  a  \  and  who,  alter 
a  fortunate  pallage,  arriving  at  the  iflandot 
St.  Tome,  where   by  order  they  put   in  tor 
recruits  of  ammunition,  and  to  vidlual  and 
refrclli,  they  went  over  to  Con^o,  and  landed 
at    I/orfe-f/liiiiil,   where    the  king  ot   Co«i;9 
then  had  his  abode.     I  lere  tlie  general  hav- 
ing; rceciv'd  trelh  I'uppiies  of  J'u'iugurfd  and 
natives,    went    over  to  the    eontiiieiit  anil 
fought  the  y^'gr,!,  ilefeating  them  in  feveral 
battles  in  lucli    manner,  that  king  Alvaio 
altera  year  and  a  hall's  exile  was  rellored 
to  his  throne,  and  defiiM  that  priells  might 
Ix'  fent  him  to  re-tllal)lilh  the  ihiilliin  re- 
ligion ;  and  as  an  atknowledgeinent  lor  I'le 
aHlllanre  reciiv'd,  ()l)li;^cd    hinilelt   in  wil- 
ting  to  Itnl  thi'  king  of  l'u>t,i^,'l  a  yearly 
prefent  of  flaves,  atid  to  own  liiin  as   hii 
Ibvcreign.     Tlie  king  of  Poitiigid  modeftly 
refusM  it;  anfwering,  that  he  look'd  upon 
ihc    king    of  Ciii^')    as    his    brother  ;    but 
.illllled  him     in    tlhiblilliing    the    ehriftian 
religion. 

Altir  four  years  rcfidence  tlu re,  the  ge- 
neral departed,  leaving  behind  him  a  num- 
ber ot  P')rtu^i!,ff  as  a  guard  to  the  kin^;, 
and  to  fecure  the  peace  tor  the  tuturc. 

Father  MeroUa  reprefents  the  hardlliips 
himfelf  anti  other  milFioners  endurVl  in  la- 
bouring to  propagate  chrillianity  in  the 
Loivtr  hthio/ia  alter  this  manner. 

HurMif,  firicvous,  no  doubt,  are  the  fufFerings  of 
mJergme  the  milTioiurs  in  tliefe  parts,  whether  we 
^""^"  confider  the  len-irth  of  their  travels,  th-jir 
frequent  want  ot  necellaries ;  the  various 
climates  of  the  countries  they  pal's  through  i 
the  fullbeating  and  intolerable  heats,  elpe- 
cially  to  us  /■jno/ej)!.',  who  fry  under  our 
coarfc  cloth  ;  the  travelling  over  rocks  and 
frightful  precipices,  the  lying  or.  the  bare 
ground,  the  being  pcrfecuted  by  wizards 
and  fuih  forts  ot  wretches,  and  fometimes 
by  bad  chrillians  i  and  lalUy,  the  lofing  of 
fo  much  blood  as  wc  are  tain  to  ilo  to 
prelerve  our  healths,  and  a  thouland 
otlier  inconvcnicncics  which  cannot  be  here 
mcntion'd. 


In  another  place,  fpeaking  of  his  journey 
from  Cacoiigo,  ami  Cahuide  to  Congo  up  the 
country,   he  fays   thus : 

On  the  ftventh  of  Mtrcb  1688,  having 
gone  about  two  ilays  journey  by  land,  I  ai 
rivM  at   the  Bmzu  of  Homangois,  where  be- 
ing very  civilly  rcceiv'd  by  the  Mafuca,  and 
.1  canoe  got  reaily  to  carry  me  up  the  Zati\ 
the  voyage  prov'd  very  n"r  ify    to  me,  by 
reafon  of  the  exccfTive  heat  ol  the  fun  then 
in  Leo,  which  is  the  time  of  the  rains,    At 
night  I  was  oblig'd  to  lie  alliore  on  the  wet 
ground,  coiiiinu.dly  tormenteil   with  a  mul- 
titude of  gnats,  which  rather  ilel'erve  the  name 
ot   horle  leci.  Ins,    lor   they  mver  quit  their 
hold  till  they  burit,  and  lb  drop  oil'.   Other- 
wile  I  lay  expos'd  to  the  air  in  the  canoe, 
which  was  a  much    greater  plague  ;  ami  to 
add  to  my  mifery,  the   BlaAs    who   con- 
dueted  me,  having   receiv'ii  money   before- 
h.uid  tor  my  maintenance,  woiikl  not  allow 
me  enough  to  fubfill  lor  tour  days;  fo  that 
.1  little  wine  I  had  by  me  was  all  my  fupport. 
Some  days  alter,   he  fays,  he  pireeiv'd  he 
wis  (loil'on'd  ill  lome  broth,  but  rccover'd  by 
the  ule  ot  lome  antidotes,  as  I'cveral   other 
milTioners  have  b^  en  before  in  other  jiarts. 

Hy  this, ucount  and  many  other  infl  ukcs, 
we  read  in  Mcrul'a  aiul  other  millioners  at 
Congo,  it  appears  they  h.ive  endured  infinite 
outrages  and  mileries  in    the   execution  of 
their  priellly  funftion    among    thofe   Ethi- 
opians i  befides  the  many  accidents  and  dan- 
gers of  the  feas,  rovers,   tempefis,  fcf,.  in 
their  voyages  from  Ital),  whence  moftof  them 
are  fent  by  the  congregation  de propagvuk 
l-'nle  to  Congo,  Sogiw,  /htgola,  and  by  the  way 
of  Ihbun  ami   lir.iz.il :  all  which  hardfliips, 
Merolia  fays,  ,ue  fwectudl  to  thofe  who  un- 
dergo them,  as  being  for  the  ferviee  of  God, 
who  can  .ind  will  reward  them. 

The  following  abflr.irt  of  the  journalsof 
the  voyage  to  ..iC  river  of  Coir^o  and  port 
CiibiiuL-  in  the  year  1700,  is  not  only  new, 
but  contains  many  palTages  of  great  ufe,  to- 
wards perfediiigihe  intended  defeription  of 
thecoallsof  Cuinra  and  the  LoWtr  Etbwpi.i  ; 
and  is  of  nofm.dl  advantage  to  tradrrs  unto 
thofe  parts,  as  giving  an  account  of  t'-.c 
coafts,  the  navigation,  the  proper  commo- 
dities, the  lealbns,  winds,  tides,  duties,  and 
pl.ices  ol  tr,idc  in  tlic  laid  river  ui' Congo  aiid 
at  Caliinde. 


An 


)ia. 

his  journey 
"ongo  up  tht 

i88,  having 
y  land,  I  ,u 
s,  where  be- 
Mafiica,  and 
jp  the  Zair, 
to  me,  by 
the  I'un  then 
le  rains.  At 
e  on  thi'  Wet 

witii  a  mul- 
rve  the  name 
er  nuit  their 
1  oiV.  Otlier- 
n  the  canoe, 
ij,uc  ■,  and  to 
j  wlio  con- 
oncy  bffiirf- 
ild  not  allow 
lays  1  lb  that 

my  fnpport. 
.:  {xrctivM  he 
;  recovcr'd  by 
"cvi-ral  other 
ithiT  pans. 
ihcT  iniVmces, 

miflioncrs  at 
lured  infinite 

execution  of 
thofe  Ktbi- 
ents  and  djn- 
pcfls,  fe?i-.  in 
rmoftofthcni 
de  prol>(igiiul,i 
id  by  the  way 
ch  haiddiiiis, 
thofe  who  un- 

rviee  of  God, 


le  journals  of 
7)r^o  and  port 
not  only  new, 
great  ule,  to- 
dellription  of 

WcT  Elhicpi.l  1 

3  traders  unto 
count  of  t'-.c 
opcr  commo- 

L's,  duties,  and 
r  of  C(jng'i  auv'< 


An 


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^Voyage  to  Congo-RiVer'. 


497 

BauikiT." 

An  Abstract  of"  a  Voyage  to  Congo  River,  or  the  Zair.,  and  to  ^•^V'^ 

Labifide^  in  tlic  year  1 700. 

Cy  James  Barbot,  junior,  Super-Cargo ;  aiul  John  Cajfnicuve,  Firft  Mate,  ill 
the  Ten  per  Lent.  Ship  '/)<?«  C'ar/os  of  Lotidon. 

on  the 


rrin 


m  iS 


fi 


Wr,  r.iil'd  iVom  the  Doivia, 
rigliih  of  .//W/,  1700. 
AnivM  hcton-  M.Uer.i  ill.ind,  the  tle- 
ventli  ot  .V/.(v,'  aiul  proceeilcd  immedi.uely, 
atUT  we  liad  got  loiiie  wine  ami  relielhiiient.'i 
aboard  -,  the  prolj)i.d  ot  the  t<Jwn  of  I'lii:- 
(ba!,  was  drawn  liy  Mr.  litnluii,  as  in  ih;: 
S. print.  The  variation  there  tiiree  degrees 
,mA  a  lialt  well. 

ALiy  the  fourteenth,  had  the  ifland  /',(.'- 
;;;.;.  oneot  tiie  C.tinru-s  in  lit;lit ;  th'  lo'llh,  r- 
iy  pr)int  tliereol  at  north-well,  .diout  nine 
leagius  dillanie  from  it,  and  liinie  hour', 
alter  brought  the  illand  I'crio,  another  ot 
ilie  Caihii'rs,  to  Ibuih-welV  by  loutli ;  and 
eillly  pc:e.  iv'd  the  high  mountain  eall'd  d 
Puo  ot  it-i:cnjfi',  at  ealbnorih-e.ill  of  us, 
over  the  illaml  (!om,'y,i;  h)oking,  as  by  the 
(ketch  dr.iwn  by  Mr.  Il.trtol,  in  the  print. 
The  tatitutle  oblerv'd  that  day,  being  twen- 
ty-eight: tlegrees  fifty  five  minutes,  which  is 
that  oi    I'uliiia  exadly. 

Theeighteenti),  wintl  nortli-eall  by  north 
and  north-eail,  in  tiie  night-time  ,i  wlvale 
gav.  .1  violent  llioek  to  our  Ihip,  liling 
Iror.'  lie  deep,  ex.ii^Uy  umler  our  keel,  a- 
bout  the  middle  ot  it  ;  as  we  dileern'd  lu-r 
very  plainly,  and  .dterwards  plung'd  with 
a  great  noife :  the  man  at  the  lieim  alHrniM, 
he  could  not  move  it  any  way  tor  abo\e  .1 
minute. 

The  twenty -thiril,  we  caught  a  dorado, 
of  the  form  as  in  the  print,  drawn  by  .M.. 
Bvhot. 

The  twenty-tourtii,  in  the  latitud'  ni 
twelve  digrees  live  minutes  north,  ,ind  in 
on.'  degree  Ijxteen  minutes  longitu.leot  ii>- 
ro,  (he  wind  north-c.dl  bv  n'lrih,  we  law 
two  fails,  one  at  north-north  e.dl,  the  oth t 
at  fouth  by  well.  In  the  afternoon  we  h.iild 
one  ol  them,  who  provM  to  be  a  f.on.hurr, 
one  fu'.'l  commander,  who  afterwards  came 
;iboard  us,  and  laid  he  hael  been  three  ilays 
from  the  ri\-er  (iainlna,  fleering  lor  the 
Gold-Co  1 1  of  G.':ii.-a. 

The  twenty-ninth,  a  biilk  gale  from 
fouth- foiith-vvell,  in  nine  degrees  foin'  mi- 
nutes north  latitude,  were  lurrouiided  bv 
large  llioals  of  porpoiles  or  lea  hogs,  and 
caught  one  widi  the  cr.nnp  iron  •,  who  w.is 
no  Iboner  wounded,  i)ut  .ill  the  multitude 
left  us,  as  if  thefe  creatuies  by  the  ll.iin  of 
blood  of  iheir  companion,  had  ai.  inllinet 
of  danger  to  themlelves.  Mr.  Ra>!>oI  drew 
the  porpoile  ex ai'Uy,  as  in  the  print. 

On  till-  ninth  o);  'Jmw  tin.  wind  foutii-eall 
by  fouih  and  touth-eaft,  in  three  degrees 
Vol.,  V. 


» 1 1 1 9 


twenty   minutes  north,   we  found  the  tide 
letting  to  the  northw.ird. 

The  nineteenth,  wind  eafl  by  fouth,  we 
erols'd  the  line,  the  obfervation  two  mi- 
nutes north:  and  on  the  twentieth,  thirty- 
live  minutes  Icinth  latitud'  ;  i  i  live  degrees 
two  minutes  longitii.k-  of  Ft-no,  fVeering 
lonth  by  Will:  and  louth  fouth  well,  conti- 
nuM  fiiuth-eall   wind. 

I'he  twenty- liionil,  wedean'dour  lliip, 
wiiirh  being  grown  loui,  lailM  but  hi'.'.vily. 
i"!,-;  twcntytourih,  in  f<)ur  degrees  litry- 
live  niiuiti  s  iijutii  latii.iile,  and  fix  ilegrees 
lotirteen  minutes  lon!>,itudr'  of  I'erin,  wind 
tatl  by  fouth  .md  ealt-louth  e.dl,  were  ex- 
.idly  in  tlie  latitude  of  f.'..'/'i«i.V,  our  intemled 
port,  but  fix  luindreii  lea!»ues  w-lt  ot  it  ; 
the  call  fouth  e.dl  and  fouth-.  all  windv, 
forcing  us  to  go  about  to  the  louth  a  gre.it 
way  •,  rough  lea,  various  wind. 

The  third  of  yii!\,  in  feventeen  ilegrccs 
forty-fix  minutes  fouth-laiituiie,  and  twelve 
degrees  thirty-nine  minutes  longitude  of 
/,r;v.,  fufpccfing  we  were  near  rbe  fhoah 
lh.it  llioot  out  from  c:\\'f  A'no'hu  in  Kra:  ', 
for  fifty  leagues  ro  e.dlwanl  at  lea,  we  kept 
good  watch  on  the  foie  yard  and  for.t- 
eallle. 

Winds  eoniinuiiig  fioni  louth  to  ciH-, 
v.r.otifly  every  d.iy,  and  now  and  then  .it 
n  )|th  wefl,  tor  a  lliort  lime  w.-  pioeceded, 
Heeling  fouiliwaidlv  ;  an  !  on  th  •  twenty- 
lourih,  by  obfi-rv.uion  in  thirty-i'iie  detvees 
twentv  niiiuites  louih  1  Uitude,  .,nd  live  de- 
jTi'es  fifty-liven  longitude  of  Fen  a,  wine' 
iiortli  by  well,  l.nv  many  bird;  about  us, 
fome  as  big  .is  turkeys,    ami  others  eall'd 

"•  Thev  were  thenex.ielly  in  the  latitude 
"  ot   the  bay  0  m-iirs  da    P,dr^t,    on   the 
"  eoall  of  the  Cnlfres  in   Afiict,    diflan: 
"  three   de|;rees  north  of  cape   de    Df/nne 
"   Lf^rranr;   and  thus  had  run  to  fouth- 
"  ward  about  three  degrees  twenty-one  mi- 
"  nines,  more  than  did  the  D^/.Z' fleer,  un- 
"  der  admiral  'js!,  in  1641  ;    which  lail'd 
"  the  thirteenth  of  .W./v  from  FitiuimbucOt 
"  in  /hut:.;/    to  I  oneiiier /.n ;..'./.»  in  ,7w^9.'(i. 
"  And  two  degrees  twenty   minutes  more 
"  to  louthward,  than  father  //ei,'''''' did,  in 
l.iiling  from  Irrnamhuo,    for    Congo  in 
Africn.    Father  AProHa,    in  his  voyage 
from   Bawi,    in   Ii;a:i/,  to    Coni;Oy  went 
fo  fir  10  the  fouthw.ird,  that  they  had 
light  ol  the  tape  of  Gi^d  llnpr  ;  fo  that 
it  mull    be   coialuded,    that  it  is  very 
common  lor  fliips  bound  to  Con^o,  and 
')  L  "  Angola, 


■:k' 


'  f  \k 
■  t  _ 

I ' 


Jill;- 


'I'll 


WliP''*'*  ■-1,4 


498 


A  Voyage  ro 


Ba.ibot."  y?«^«/rt,    lO  be  .arried  fo   far  away  to 

'^■r^i^j  41  joutb    uefor<"  f  ncy  can  get  the  trade-winds 

"  totervethem  for  thole  countries." 

The  twenty  fifth,  tlie  wind  changed  on  a 
fudden  from  north-weft,  and  north  by  well, 
to  fouth-wcft  by  weft  •,  and  fome  time  after 
ibuth  fouth-weft,  variable  to  north-weft,  a 
frefh  gale,  rough  fea,  hazy,  and  then  heavy 
rains  for  two  days  together  •,  fteered  eaft 
north-eaft. 

The  twenty  feventh,  in  thirty  degrees  fix 
minutes  (ouch,  wind  weft  north-well,  vary- 
ing to  welt  Ibuth-well,  hail  and  rain,  with 
lightnings,  but  cold  weather. 

From  the  twenty  eighth /////c,  tothenintii 
of  ylngiill,  variable  wind  from  Ibuth  to 
north-eaft  and  north-well,  hazy,  dri/ling 
rain.  We  had  a  great  multitude  of  birds 
about  us  on  the  ninth  of  Auqujt,  being  wiilte 
under  the  bi-llv, the  wingslong,niarp- pointed, 
about  as  big  as  pigeons,  dark  brown  on  the 
back,  either  Hying  about  or  Iwimniing  on 
the  lea,  Ibne.i- the  Hiip,  as  almoft  to  touch 
It,  and  then  took  their  flight  again.  Ob- 
fervation  twenty  three  degrees  twenty  leven 
minutes  fouth  la:itude,  longitude  of /w«, 
thirty  one  degrees  fifty  four  mintues.  We 
palled  tin;  tropick  of  Cafriiom,  wind  call 
by  north  variable  to  Ibuth  fouth-eaft,  and 
frelh  gale,  by  judgment  not  above  fifteen 
lea<^ues  from  the  land  of  Afrlc.i. 

On  the  tenth,  law  a  floating  palm-tree  on 
the  I  -a,  with  a  multitude  of  the  fame  birds. 

The  eleventh,  the  fame  multitude  of 
birds,  anil  another  lloating  tree  ;  the  fea- 
water  alter'd,  wind  fouth  lbutl>eall. 

The  thirteenth, with  the  fime  wind.fteering 
north-eaft  by  north,  fomewhat  call.  Ob- 
fervation  fixteen  degrees  five  minutes;  we 
law  al)undance  of  certain  binls,  call'd  by 
the  Frnich  Gonms^  who  keep  iilways  near 
land,  which  wegueftcdnot  •■         far  off". 

The  fourteenth,  ithan  .;  ;  ivs.i^  ■  fterone 
got  figlu  ol  die  land  of  .'/i;  ,■  ■  .{tending 
from  lout!)  by  eaft,  to  i.^tin-eait  by  eaft, 
about  five;  or  fix  leagues  from  us ;  had  much 
floating  wood  about  ;  the  land  in  fevcral 
places  doubling  -,  the  Ihore  as  high  as  Berry- 
head. 
Manman  This  land  is  the  part  of  Africa,  common- 
eoimtry.  \y  call'd  Matiimdii,  or  Cimbebas,  and  fhows 
Ibmc  white  clifts  here  and  there.  For  want 
of  an  oblervation,  we  concluded  we  had 
been  about  fifteen  leagues  to  the  fo\ithwartl 
ofcape  A'ijjr';,  which,  according  to  the  moll 
receiv'd  opinion,  is  in  fixteen  degrees  thirty 
minutes  of  Ibuth  latitude,  for  moll  maps 
ditier  therein  -,  lome  placing  it  in  fifteen 
degrees  fitrecn  minutes  •,  others  in  lixieen 
degrees,  ami  thole  reckon'd  the  bell  in  fix- 
teen degrees  thirty  minutes. 
{■Chnln.  The  l.i  I  two  or  three  days  we  had  a 
great  nu ;' ilier  of  whales  and  grampulfes  about 


Congo-River. 

the  fliip -,  'fpcriAlly  th.;  night  between  the 
fourteeni'i.  ■■'.!  fittcenrh,  ihr'e  r>r  four  o( 
them  kept  at  a  ihi 'I!  lll'anre!;  m  us.making 
a  pro'^  ;Mous  noifj,  ■  hi  'r  w  '  ppofed  were 
then  alVaultei'  by  loirc  'woi  J-fifties,  their 
mot  lal  enemies. 

The  fitteenth  in  the  morning  we  were 
about  two  leagues  and  a  half,  or  thre.;  from 
the  land,  fteering  north  north-eaft,  the  land 
pretty  high  at  the  Ihore,  and  double  in  many 
places,  having  feveral  ftiarp-pr,;nted  hillocks 
on  it.  rifing  fomewhat  above  ilie  other  land, 
and  four  or  five  table-lai'.ls.  In  the  night 
founded  twice,  with  feventy  .'.:Uioin  line,  and 
hail  no  ground. 

About  noon  fpy'd  a  high,  black,  round 
mount,  about  three  leagues  to  the  fouth-eall 
of  us,  which  we  concluded  to  be  Cabo  I^tgro. 
The  land  here  is  about  the  height  of  ih.it 
between  '/w/'iJvaiul  I'iym'm'.b  ;  tliatnex:  tlie 
lliore  the  loweft,  hut  very  ftjep,  ,ind  of  a 
reddilh  colour.  We  fiil'd  along  it  to  north 
north-eaft,  at  abouc  lour  leagui's  diftancc, 
and  it  appear'd  cut  in  m.uiy  fmall  bays, 
with  a  fandy  ftrand.  The  land  fiat,  biit 
dry  and  barren,  only  Ibmc  flirubs  fcattcr'd 
about  it. 

"  The  kingdom  of  Matnman,  had  that 
"  name  from  its  king,  ^iCconWngwPigapita; 
"  its  proper  name  b-iiis?;  CUmbebe,  or  Zimbe- 
"  ba.<.  The  moft  'i.'ted  places  in  it  along 
"  the  coatl  are  next  the  black  cape,  right 
"  eaftwaid, where  may  be  leen  the  beginning 
"  of  the  cold  i;tountains,call'd  alfo  the  fnowy 
"  mountains,  from  the  vaft  quantity  of 
"  fnow  continually  lying  on  fome  pans  of 
•'  them.  Next  a/':  'Jv  cryftal  mountains, 
"  which  Ihoot  northerly  10  ti)c  filver  moun- 
"  tains,  and  to  Molcnbo  -,  near  which  the 
"  river  Coari  has  its  courfc,  and  is  a  boundary 
"  to  the  kingdom  ol  Angnla. 

"  On  the  foutherly  coafl  af  Cimbei'.ii  ap- 
"  pears  Cobo  I\le^rt>,  01  the  black -cape,  fo 
"call'd  by  realon  of  its  blacknefs,  whereas 
"  there  is  no  other  bl.uk  land  to  be  feen 
"  from  twenty  one  degrees  of  fouth  latitude. 
"  On  the  top  of  that  point  Hands  an  ala- 
"  bailer  pillar,  with  an  infcription,  but  fo 
"  defac'd  by  time  and  the  weather,  that  it  is 
"  fcarce  legible  -,  and  formerly  on  the  top  of 
"  it  flood  a  crols,  fince  tallen  off,  and  now 
"  lying  on  the  ground. 

"  The  coaft  from  hence  ftretches  a  little 
"  north-call, and  eaft  north-eaft;  the  country 
"  about  fhowing  nothing  but  barren  and 
"  fandy  hills,  without  any  verdure,  and 
"  higli  fandy  mountains  without  trees. 

"  More  tothe  Ibuthward,  in  eighteen  de-ciff  Ruy 
"  grees,  you  come  to  a  point,  by  the  Por-Verc.:. 
"  tuguefe  call'd   ('.c'"t  'if  Ruy  Perec  ;    to  fiie 
•'  northward  of  which  is  a  great  inlet,  with 
"  landy    hills,  and  the  ftioie  to  the  hlick 
"  point  i    but  to  the    fouchward  is  a  hi^^h 

"  find, 


ween  tlic 
r  foui  ot 
IS,  making 
oicd  were 
hes,  their 

wc  were 
:hre-;  from 
,  the  land 
le  in  many 
d  hillocks 
athtr  hind, 
I  the  night 
n  line,  and 

ick,  round 
:  fouth-tall 
^abo  Ntgro 
ih:  of  ih.it 
latnex:  Hie 
,  and  of  a 
it  to  north 
:-s  diltance, 
"mall  bays, 
A  ilat,  b.it 

lbs  ICJtCLT'd 

«,  had  that 

r,  or  Z'mhe- 
in  it  along 

cape,  right 
le  beginning 
|fo  the  fiiowy 
quantity   ot 

)mc  pans  ol 
1  mountains, 

filvcr  moiin- 
|r  which  the 

s  a  boundary 

'.imJeJ:ii  ap- 
[.k-cape,    to    ^ 
iL'l's,  whereas 
|l   to  be  fcen 
)uth  latitude, 
iinds  an  ala- 
ftion,  but  lb 
j'cr,  that  it  is 
Ion  the  top  of 
lifV,  and  now 

Itclies  a  little 

the  country 

barren  and 
[.rdure,    and 

trees. 

leightecn  do-  Ctft  Rjy 
]by  the  Par-l'crt'- 

re. I  ;    10  the 

inlet,  with 

I)  tJK  Miek 

Id  is  a  hi^h 

"  land, 


Oo'.foFrio. 


A  Voyage  to  Congo-River. 


«« land,  altogether  fandy,   and   rearhes  to 
"  nineteen  degrees, 

"  Farther  iUll  lo  the  fouth,  in  nineteen 
"  degree,  thirty  minutes  lies  a  gulf,  call'd 
"  Golfo  Frij,  with  double  land  and  full  of 
«'  trees.  Next  you  come  to  the  open  haven 
« •  of  Ahibros,  in  twenty  one  degrees.  Beyond 
"  chat,  ftill  to  the  fouthward,  thecoaft  much 
"  refembles  that  we  mention'd  in  the  north, 
"  being  high,  with  fandy  hills,  barren  land, 
'«  and  a  b;ul  Ihore. 

"  A  confnlerable  way  to  the  wcftward  of 
"  Caho  Ne^^ro,  or  the  black  cape,  is  a  grei  • 
"  land  in  the  fea,  in  Pontiguefe  call'd  B:itxo 
"  dc  AnUinio  Ae  f^iana,  dangerous  to  Tailors, 
•■'  being  fometimes  cover'd  with  water. 

"  Tlie  air  is  temperate,  and  the  foil,  tho* 
"  fandy  next  tlie  fea,  yet  affords  all  things 
"  neceilary  fcr  the  ul'ecf  man.  The  moun- 
''  tains  arc  rich,  not  only  in  cryftal,  but 
"  other  minerals.  To  the  northward  it  is 
"  more  full  of  trees,  as  far  as  twenty  two 
"  degrees  of  foiuh  latitude,  from  whence 
"  there  d'ive  into  the  fea  a  hundred  and  fifty 
"  miles  from  the  lliore,  certain  green  weeds, 
"  call'd  Sargxjpi  ;  and  ferve  for  a  mark  to 
"  leamen  to  know  how  near  tiiey  are  to  the 
"  main  land  of  Africa.  Abundance  of 
"  mews  or  fea-pyes  are  alio  feen  at  fome 
"  diftance  from  iliore,  with  black  feathers 
"  at  the  ends  of  their  wings,  which  is  an  af- 
"  furance  to  feamen,  that  they  are  near  the 
"  African  coaft. 

"  This  country  is  govern'd  by  a  king, 
"  who  is  ablolute  ;  yet  fome  great  men, 
"  who  command  near  the  fea-fhore,  take 
«'  tlie  tit'eof  kings,  tho'  they  have  neither 
"  wealth  nor  dominions  to  give  them  any 
"  reputation  among  ftrangers."  I  return  to 
tiie  journal. 

On  the  fixteenthjwe  held  the  famccourfe; 
the  molt  northern  land  we  could  fee  at  noon, 
bore  north-caff  by  calf,  dillant  eigiu  or  nine 
}fagues ;  all  liie  coalf  there  appearing  very 
b.ur.n,  without  any  tree  or  bufli  for  a  great 
way  up  tlie  inland.  Lad  night  we  had  for 
two  leagues  round  us  an  infinite  number  of 
porpoile«,  driving  to  the  louthw.ird  for  near 
an  hour,  very  thick  and  dole  together 
The  nigiit  before  we  took  aboard  the  Ihip 
a  bird  call'd  a  yV/fl/j;«/o-liawk,  aboutasbig 
as  a  l.uk,  of  the  colour  ot  a  woodcock, 
with  large  eyes,  a  Ihort  bill,  but  very  broad, 
the  feet  like  a  fparrow,  and  has  its  name  from 
feeding  generally  on  mofquitoes  or  gnats. 
There  are  great  numbers  of  them  in  Arw- 
Eng  anii.  The  !and  we  coalled  this  day  is 
not  quite  fo  high  as  that  of  yetfcrday.  The 
wtather  being  calm, brought  the  (hip  on  the 
careen  to  clean  it. 

The  feventeenth,  by  obfervation,  found 
twelve  degrees  fifteen  minutes  fouth  lati- 
nide  ;  little  wind  at  foutli-welf  -,  courle  north 
north-call,  fix  or  icven  leagues  from  land, 


had    ahim  lanr    of  whales  aiu  gramp'../ies  '."'■'^t 
iboutMs.     In  the  evenir,/  with  the  harpinc   iy^/N 
iron,  ftruck  a  larj." e  ^nd  hideous  fidi,  call'd 
a  fun-fi(h,   the  figure  whereof  Mr.  i?rtrio/s«'>'^(?' 
drew,   as  reprefented   in  the  cut.     It  wasP'-"^^  '■• 
about  four  foot  long  and  three  in  breadth, 
almofl:  oval,  with  a  monttrous  head,  larg.- 
round  eyes,  and  a  tittle  mouth,  cover'd  wit. 
a  dark  brown  fliagreen  fkin,  extraordinary 
hard.     On  each  fide  of  it  were  two  fins, 
moving  very    flowly,    and  not  flat.     Our 
failors  boil'cl  the  beft  jiart,  and  eat  ir,  find- 
ing it  excellent  food.   I'li- fleth  of  it  is  milk- 
white,  rifing  in  flakes,  like  cod,  and  taffes 
like  thornback  -,  but  very  tough,  perhaps  be- 
caufe  too  trefh.     We  boil'd  the  liver,  and 
got  about  three  jiints  of  oil  ;  our  men  alfo 
boil'd  the  entrails,  and  thought  them  very 
delicious. 

The  eighteenth,  at  noon,  being  eaft  and 
weft,  with  a  little  fandy  bay,  about  four 
miles  from  it ;  and  Ivaving  for  two  or  three 
nights  before  obf  rved,  that  the  Blacki  made 
fires  afi-Lii-,',  whieh  we  guelVd  tobeafignal 
for  us  to  (lay,  fome  of  our  men  were  fent 
adiore  in  the  pinnace,  to  take  a  view  of  the 
country  ;  hut  the  lea  roll'd  fo  violently  all 
along  the  beach,  that  it  was  impoffible  for 
them  to  come  near :  but  three  men  fwam 
through  the  boifferous  waves,  and  walk'tf 
to  and  fro  for  fome  time,  but  only  faw 
five  or  fix  very  fmall  huts,  without  any  in- 
h.ibitants,  and  in  them  fome  pieces  ofdry'd 
fnark,  and  a  few  fmall  fifliing- hooks.  It 's 
likely  thofe  Black  fiftiermeii  fled  into  the 
country,  when  they  law  th.  pinnace  making 
for  the  iTiore.  The  incn  finding  thereabouts 
fome  very  fmall  canoes,  call'd  bar!. -logs, 
made  ufe  of  them  to  get  aboard  the  ^unr  ce, 
which  lay  without  the  rolling  feu  wai.'  g 
tor  them.  They  reported,  that  the  Cv  un'ry 
is  very  barren  and  ilonv,  with  oi  ■  luine 
few  finall  trees  and  fhruiis  on  it  -,  and  n.:  .r 
the  lea  a  fandy  down,  .md  the  flior''  .;ut 
with  white  cliff: ,  pretty  high  and  il-ep, 
and  betwixt  •     m  ibme  little  fandy  bays. 

"  Several  ■lugiiefe  relations  of  voyages  A*"" 
"  fromfin;^..  coCo;(;^oand  .-^w^W.i,  oblerve, '■'''"''■ 
"  that  the  people  inhabiting  the  weftcrn 
"  African  lliores,  from  ihi.ty  degrees  fouth 
"  latitude,  to  cape  A^.tc,  which  is  much 
"  more  to  the  nort'  \rd,  are  cannibals, 
"  and  t'lat  there  are  many  fine  large  'aar- 
"  hour  form'd  by  nature,  and  capable  of 
"  receiving  two  or  three  thoufand  fhips  each 
"  of  them.  The  Port:ig:ieje  call  thofe  yf/H- 
"  cam  Pap'ncntes,  that  is,  men-eaters,  on 
"  account  ot  foine  accidents  wh'.ch  have 
"  h.ippen'd  there  to  their  nation  ;  one  of 
"  which,  tor  its  fingularicy,  I  will  infert 
"  here.  A  vefiTel  coming  to  an  anchor  in 
"  one  of  t*  -^fe  harbours,  the  captain  and 
"  fome  of  I  row  went  afl-.ore,  well  arm'd, 
"  and  he  ftraying  a  little  farther  than  ordi- 

"nary 


it''' 


499       I 


^  J-^-il'ltiUKI 


i'<   ; 


l^i 


•11'!  :.)■ 


:tl;ii 


•  i .  r! 


M 


1 

h 

^ 

i 

H, 

:',  I.!- 

'  J- , 

ill'' 

■  -im 

t  ■ .  '■ 


'.^ 


"M 


I 


ii 


i'f! 


jr^iKit'^iii 


ma^ 


mm:u 


Mi-'  ■'I- 


,  I'll'':;:!. 


Hi^^'  ii 


■f.': 


i  '  '    tu 


^00 

Bah  HOT." 


^  Voyage  fi?  Congo-River. 


nary  from  h's  men,  Iaw  two  fi/jf^  wo- 
men n.ikcJ,  c.iriying  wood  1  tht-  women 
"  Icciiig  him,  ilooil  iUll,  which  l\e  pcrcciv 
"  I'ly.,  to  entourage  ihcm,  threw  down  IV- 
"  vci.ii  irilics,  as  i;iiivcs,  i^lafs,  coral  uikI 
"  the  like.  The  women  laid  down  their 
"  liurdtii'^,  and  piekM  n[>  tiiolc  toys,  hap- 
"  iiii^.inddant  illy  about  the  Laptaiii.  Tiiis 
"  piealiai  him  lo  well,  that  he  wasrej'olvM 
"  to  have  a>  much  ol  it  .is  he  enuld,  and 
"  liiireiore  fit  dowiion  thcgrals.  Tluyoh- 
•'  lerviiig  Ills  fauMty,  fontinuM  tluirgun- 
"  bolh  lor  a-wliik'i  hut  at  lall  one  ot  tiiem 
"  lei/iiie;  hin'i  Ix.'hind  aeiols  the  ariiv.,  and 
"  the  oilier  catehing  up  his  legs  at  the 
"  lame  lime,  they  run  iway  will  him 
"  lb  Iwifily,  that  it  was  impolliblc  tor  his 
"  mi  n,  who  both  law  and  heard  him  cry, 
"  eiilicr  U)  lekueor  come  near  him;  ani.i 
"  lo  rei  iruM  to  ilieir  b  )ac  and  <hip,  con- 
"  fideriii-^on  the  barbaroiis  buiquet  thole, 
"  rather  iieails  than  human  creatures,  were 
"  to  make  that  nighc." 

The  nineteenth  at  noon,  we  difcovered 
north  norih-ealt  ot"  us  a  deep  high  head 
lowering  to  the  eallward  as  it  ran  up  the 
in  land,  not  unlike  Port!iiii.!-\:(.)\n{  in  1-j:p- 
/.,;;,/,  but  not  lb  long  out  to  lea.  Our  coui  fe 
north-north-eall  lor  leveral  leagues,  two 
miles  or  a  mile  and  a  half  from  Ihore  ;  anil 
liaviiig  brought  the  aforefaid  head  to  be.ir 
call  fouth-e.ill,  about  a  mile  diftant,  droppM 
anclior.  We  oblerv'il  the  l.md  to  the  iionh 
waul  lo  form  three  jiointsor  cpes,  the  one 
lacing  nurtii-noith-e.iil  h.ilf  no.  ;i,  the  miJ- 
die  one  norih-noi tli-c.ill,  and  the  thiid 
north-c.ill  by  north,  and  the  liighlleeii  head 


like   l\' 


i\ul,    call-routh-eall  in  the 


kingdom  of  7)  v,\va.7.(  ;  Ibuth  of  whicliwe 
obferv'd  .J.iiidy  bay  with  lomc:  rocky  Ihoals 
on  \\'iich  the  lea  breaks  with  a  terrible  nolle. 

North  oftire  cape  we  law  another  bay  of 
.1  nure  cU'y  accefs  tlian  the  former,  but  the 
country  all  .ibout  »ery  wild  and  barren. 

Mere  we  i.iy  at  anchor  all  night,  in 
twelve  fatiiom  water,  mud,  and  landy 
ground,  relblving  not  to  (lir  farther  till 
we  had  '"  nt  afliore  tor  inLelligence.  Our 
obl'ervar.on   was    by    computation,  eleven 


degrees    thirty-nine  minutes 


louth. 


UW 


Accordingly  .ibout  fi.\  in  the  morning, 
u.:r  mailer  went  afliore  in  ihe  long  boat 
wii'i  twenty-two  armed  men  i  but  bec.iiile 
ot  lin"  fca  breaking  on  the  llrand,  taey  an- 
chor'J  without  to  Ic  I,  and  lome  men  fwam 
alhote,  wlv.re  finding  two  b.irk  logs  on 
tile  beaih  n;.idc  ol  the  wood  M.ifoit,  be- 
ing fmall  pieces  ol  wood  ty'd  clol'e  toge- 
ther in  the  n.uure  of  a  raft  or  fioat,  the 
two  ends  pi'inted  and  rais'd  on  each  fide 
w  ith  pieces,  for  gunnils,  about  feven  inches 
high,  with  thole  lloats  or  canoes  ;  they  car- 
ry'd  alhore  our  men,  who  being  ;lll  lan- 
ded after  lomc  trouble,  every  one  having 


been  fcvernl  times  overfer,  but  without  ariy 
other  damage  than  the  piins  of  drying  their 
clothes.  They  marcli'd  in  arms  almoll 
three  miles  u[)  the  country,  without  I'py- 
iiig,!ny  people  or  huts  ;  only  oblerved  lomc 
pieco  ot  ground  frelh  biiriii,  being  It  ill  liot: 
they  alio  faw  Ibme  narrow  p.iths  or  lanes, 
on  which,  fays  Mr.  liiiihl,  who  was  of  the 
company,  we  could  plainly  dileern  tlic 
piinis  ol  nieiis  feet,  lor  above  a  mile  anil 
a  halt  1  and  atterw.irds  came  to  a  large 
rock  forming  a  grotto  or  den  like  a  vault, 
aiui  went  in  all  of  us,  but  found  t!iercin 
oiilv    loofe  Hones. 

We  had  however  proceeded  farther  in- 
laiu'.,  but  that  one  of  the  company  being 
fcorhutick  and  not  able  to  walk  fo  much, 
w.ir,  returning  back  to  the  be.u  h  by  him- 
(ell'i  >vc  tlui  •(ore  thought  it  moll  proper 
to  iielilt  and  aicom[).iny  liim,  for  fdr  he 
ihould.  meet  with  .my  l.iv.ige  natives,  who 
mi^ht  have  l.iin  coiueal'd  in  lome  pi, ice  or 
oilier.  We  found  here  and  there  lome 
fcatter'd  little  trees,  Ibme  with  a  lew  leaves, 
other.'r    quite  dry'd   up. 

Being  thus  letiirii'U  to  the  beacli,  where 
o^ir  longbo.it  l.iy  .It  ,iiu  hor,  we  ohldvid 
at  a  little  dillance,  .i  jiond  of  br.ickilh  wa- 
ter richly  llor'd  with  lilli  ;  whereupun  we 
lent  the  bo.it  aboard  to  fetih  our  elr.ig- 
net,  with  which  we  c.iught  near  three  do/.rn 
of  indillereni  l.irge  mullets,  and  might  have 
;',ot  m.iny  more,  h.id  not  the  m.iflv''  of 
li.enet  been  lo  l.irgc,  'hat  the  f.fh  calily  :  ot 
out  throUL'.h  it.  We  .dio  took  a  go  ,il 
quan'iiy  ol  tine  la;ge  llirimp.>,  \'ery  iweeC 
.iml  delicate. 

Tiiere  wt  alio  faw  .  bunikuicc  of  birds, 
of  a  light  grey  colour,  the  ncik,  Kgs  and 
bill  veiy  long,  bi  ing  of  the  lame  Ipccies 
wc  hail  feen  .ill  along,  as  we  coalfed  a- 
lop.g  the  countries  of  Bcii^Ui-lLi  and  ALi- 
tamai:,  th.it  is,  fc.-pyes  or  mews. 

The  fea-bret  /.e  by  this  time  iiad  railed 
the  wa\es  along  Ihorc  terrible  high,  and 
the  tide  was  very  rapid,  which  put  our 
company  to  much  trouble  to  get  through 
to  the  long-bo.ir,  with  our  two  little  Hoat- 
c.moes,  which  were  over-let  many  anil 
m.my  times.  That  which  I  w.is  in,  with 
three  of  our  men,  was  ovei turned  four 
times  fuccefiiveiv  ;  .uid  not  binga  fwim- 
nier,  1  hail  undoiibtidly  peiilh'd,  il  the  men 
had   not  taken  care  ol    me. 

Being  all  got  late  .iboard  lliip,  wc  lioilled 
fail  at  fix  in  the  evening,  and  let  the  courfe 
to  northw.ird,  .dong  the  flior  •,  which  wo 
kept  in  fight  all  tlu  night,  luunding  lome- 
tinies  in  fixtcen,  ami  lomeiimes  in  twelve 
fathom  water. 

The  twenty-firll  ac  eight  in  the  morn- 
ing, we  Ipy'd  a  very  Ikcp  point  at  north 
h.ilf  by  eail  of  us,  about  leven  leagues 
dilbnt  ;  and  at  noon,  the  fame  cape  bore 

north- 


.«■;*» 


wm 


i\i,  ii  tlie  men 


^^  V  o  Y  A  G  E  ro  Congo  River. 


^01 


nnrth  north-eaft  about  three  or  lour  leagues 
tiom  us.  All  tlii.s  lO.ilV  is  a  lort  ot  ciblc- 
l.iml,  wi'.li  viry  little  grriiu  we  liiw  ;i |',rc:it 
liiioak  .ifliorc  ,it  c.ill  by  noi  tli,  and  on  c.u  i» 
Ikic  oi  tiie  lino.ik  wliite  c  litis  on  the  Ur.iiul 
of  .1  rcalonabk'  lH-if»iu,  witli  .i  lort  of  bay  or 
iak'C,  wliuli  nvulc  us  loniluilt,  together 
with  our  other  oblcrva lions,  that  this  was 
rape  Tiis-Pontai  in  Bm^in-lia.  Ca(x;  luilr!, 
or  ratlur  /vj/'/w,  at  fix  in  the  .ifieriioDn 
bore  ibiith-iall  by  louth  of  us,  fix  leagues. 

Tiie  tw  iity  kconil  ,it  noon,  we  brou,;liC 
rape  I.rih  e.ill  ot  us,  .ibouC  live  Icagut  s  ilil- 
tance,  which  li  iiuiillircnt  liiglu  ami  by 
ellMiiition  wcri-  then  in  nine  degrees  lifiy- 
three  minuies  louih  latiiude,  wind  at  Ibiiili 
by  well  and  fouth  foutli well,  iiul  at  nine 
at  nip  it  lou;h  and  loutli  louih-e.iil,  and 
fouth  c.id  by  loudi. 

0/   B  i:  N  c.  u  i:  1.  I.  A. 

'  ,1*^^'''''"  geographers  [ii.ike  thiscoun- 
"'  ''  try  to  extend  .ilong  the  fe,i  eoad 
"  from  the  river  Coiinja  to  Cah  N([^io, 
"  in  fixtcen  degrees  of  foutli-latitudc. 

"  About  three  miles  bom  the  foutli- 
"  point  of  Co.miit,  is  M<Jv/('//t'  bay,  betorc 
"  which  a  Imall  rock  is  liid  under  water. 
«'  Three  miles  and  a  half  firther  is  Ciih 
"  Liila  ;  five  trom  that  again,  C'j/w  de  'fro 
"  Pontas  ■,  two  miles  louth  of  which  is 
'•  Cabo  I'al/h,  and  five  beyoiul  th.it  anothei. 

"  Six  miksanda  half  trom  c.ipe  .SV.  Biii'e 
"  is  Ihm  b.iy,  to  calletl  from  the  abuii- 
"  d.mce  ot  hens  about  it  ;  .iiid  between 
'•  thein  Bt-n^iit-ltii  Fdhn,  th.it  is  Oid  li.a- 
"  giic'll.i,  a  champ.ugn,  .ind  very  trirttul 
"  country. 

"  Ikm  bay  is  .ibouf  a  mile  and  a  h.iif 
"  in  breadth,  has  ten  or  twelve  fathom  wa- 
"  ter  and  a  muddy  bottom. 

"  On  the  louih-fideof  it  ll.uuls  a  great 
"  vill.igeona  hill,  wliere  l.irge  i  ows,  lliee)), 
'■  hens,  ,ind  eleph.uits  teeth  may  be  had, 
'*   bur  there   is  no  Irelli  w.uer. 

"  Three  miles  ,iiid  a  hah  trom  that  biy 
"  is  Rio  Longo,  otherwife  lall'd  Rio  Mo- 
"  rt'nti,  in  eleven  degrees  four  minutes  ot 
"  fouth-latitude,  fo  fliallow  at  the  mouth, 
"  that  a  Imall  boat  cannot  go  in  or  out 
'•  without   ditluully. 

"  In  former  times  the  /'(,;•;. vij/it' r' at  temp - 
"  ted  10  mend  the  entr.uKe  into  this  river, 
"  but  found  It  impracticable,  by  realon  of 
"  the  great  water-falK  and  many  rocks. 

"  Five  miles  trom  Rio  Loiigo  is  a  great 
"  vill.ige  call'd  Mdin  Congo,  on  the  al'eent 
"  of  a  high  mountain,  wiiere  the  Pvrtii- 
"  x.n<'feon^c  h.ul  a  Itorehoule,  and  bought 
"  tt>ws,  hogs,  and  elephants  teeth,  for  lin- 
"  iicn  and  tail-India  printed  cloths,  The 
"  inhal)itants  arc  very  tond  ot  mulkcts 
"  am.  powder. 

VCL.    V, 


"  Eleven  miles  from   Miim  Coh^o  runsBA''-"oT. 
"  the  I'ak  rwci  Caian  B  U,  liividing  it  leif  ^'^'V*-' 
"  into  two  or  three  branches,  late  ag  linlt 
"  all  winds,  and   has  fifteen  or  fixreen  foot 
"  water  ;    lo   that    great    Hiips    may     lie 
"  before  it. 

"  About  the  north-point  of  C.iton  Belle 
"•  is  the  good  bay  i  fo  e.'.lled,  bet.iulc  of  its 
"  go.)d  .uieharini^-grouml. 

'■  The  finds  .ilong  tlie  lea-coall  are  fruit- 
"  lul  and  low,  but  tliole  higher  up  moun- 
"  t.iinoib  .md  over  grown  wiili   woods. 

"  A  mil  •  and  a  half  from  Cjlni  HdU  is 
"  a  Irelli  river,  which  tails  into  the  lea 
"•  only  in  the  rainy    fe.ifon. 

"  The  b.iy  cif  Brn-^iiilla,  which  has  good 
"  aiK  horing-groiind,  re.u  lies  trom  one 
'•  point  to  me  other,  a  mile  anil  a  halt 
"  in  bre.tdth.  On  the  north- tide  of  it 
"  Hands  tiie  lort  o\  Rn:;^iieli:i.  built  Iqu.irc, 
'■  with  piilil.idocs  and  treiiehis,  .ind  fur 
'^  round,  d  with  houfes,  Ih.ided  liy  Ijanana, 
"  or.mg',  l.iiimon,  po'iigranaie  .mil  ba 
"  koven  trees  ;  ,ind  behind  the  fort  isa  pond 
"  of  Irelli   Water. 

*'  About  it  .ire  feveii  viU.iges,  whijipay 
"•  the  tenth  p.ut  of  all  they  have,  as  tri- 
"■  bute  to  thok- of /;t7;_i;w/7.',7.  M,4andc  mA 
"  Ptriii^t:  are  about  a  league  from  the 
"  tort,  .ind  a  mile  ililimt  trom  each  other  j 
"  the  other  livi;  are  MciniktH,  Sumba,  Ma- 
"■  niiiomiiui,  Mainkimjvinba  and  Matiiki- 
"  londf,  of  all  which  XLtnikimf  mhaK  the 
"  biggell,  and  can  bring  three-thoufand 
"  men  into  the  field.  Formei  ly  fome /'ti.'- 
"  tiighf.'i-  liv'd  iliJic  ;  who  atterwards,  for 
"  tear  of'  the  Bluh.  Ileil  lo  Mnjj.ir^aii,  buc 
"   Wire  moll  of  them  klH'd  bv  the  way. 

"  At  the  well-poini  of  the  bay  of  AVw- 
"  ^iiY/t-A'j  is  a  tilt  mount.iin,  call'd  in  I'or- 
"  tug.ai'c  Soinb/, ■./■'),  that  is  h.it,  from  its 
"  Ih.qie  1  and  by  it  a  \ery  good  bay,  on 
"  the  louth-fi.!c  whereof  is  a  fandy  Ihore, 
"  with  a  plealant  valley  and  a  few  trees, 
"  but  no  water  Ht  toilriiik. 

"  F'our  miles  trom  tlunee  is  a  fair  p.m, 
"  yielding  a  grey  liilt  like  chat  of  Pra'ice, 
''  fufficitntto  lefve  the  adj.icent  country. 

"  The  air  of  Rriigulla  is  very  bad,  the 
"  /'' r.'/'i;.'.'.  ,y  who  live  there  looking  more 
"  hke  gholls  th.ui  men,  being  moll  of  them 
'■  iHrliiiisbanilliM  tliithe'r  tor  fome  crimes." 
I   riturn  to  the  jo.irnal. 

I'he  tweniy-ihire!  of ///(f////,  lieing  hazy 
weather,  could  make  no  obfervation  of 
the  land,  but  guels'd  we  were  got  to  the 
wellward  of  the  fouth-point  ot  the  ifland 
ot  Loiiitda  c/f'  S'uii  PaoLi,  in  An^iola,  a  place 


belonging  ro  the  Poritii;' 


ith  the 


try  about  it  •,  and  by  computation  we  took 
the  l.ititiide  to  be  nine  degrees  eleven  mi- 
nutes loutli.  The  twenty-fourth,  by  noon, 
we  were  about  nine  leagues  to  the  north- 
0  iVl  wurd 


■■I     ' ' 


Mm 


^w 


hr 


lid  11 


"'M 


'! 

i 

■;;. .  ■ : 

ii 

1 

'  ■  -th' 

m. 


r4 


t-t.  .! 


.)  ■ 


MhM\.. 


"  :i 


ft,  v^. 


)fi 


Mil;    ■    iV  li'  •'! 
■•■?"'   t         I    I 


l)# 


■,5V'I 


R:?3 


I     I 


|l!rr;:M 


^Ol 


y</  Voyage   to 


•'I 


nAiini>T.w;ir(l  of  the  idanJ  l.oanda,  iind  juiig'd  the 
v^V^'  point    Piilm/iiiw,    in  Congo^    to  be  eleven 
leagues   ciilhiiit.      We    had  ;i   qii.intity   ot 
whales  anil  grainjmiTes  about  ihe  (hip. 

From  the  twenty  third  to  tlie  twenty - 
foiirtli  at  noon,  li.id  no  fii;ht  of  land,  but 
tlofc  gloomy  wtatlur  ■,  in  the  afternoon  we 
ipy*d  laiiil  about  fix  leaj^ui^  <ilV,  lUriing 
our  eourle  north  iiorcheall,  and  I'onii  times 
nortli,  to  the  twenty-fifih. 

Tiiat  morning  we  had  the  lami  from  th 
fbuth-fouth  ca(t  to  north  h'j  well  ot  us,  the 
neareft  at  north-eall,  the  land  all  along  ve- 
ry level  and  tlat,  but  indilVerent  lii^li,  and 
covcr'd  with  tiees.  Sonic  way  inland,  iti. 
rifing  ground,  Did  firther  (hews  double, 
(bme  liigher  than  other  and  woody.  Ac 
night  we  lo.mded  with  a  twenty-live  t.ilhoin 
line,  lu:  had  no  gtountl. 

From  the  twetay  I'lxtli  at  noon,  till  fi.K 
at  niglit,  we  ran  about  rive  league.s  to  novtii- 
well  along  the  Ihorc,  three  or  four  ie.igue.s 
d:llant  ;  on  l'e\-en,  eight  and  nine  tatliom 
fuKly  grounil,  and  thick  water:  for  wliieli 
re.ifon  the  night  approaehing  we  tli-o[)M 
aiiel'.or,  in  eight  fathom  and  a  halt,  ha\  ing 
at  nijrth-eall  by  north  o(  us,  about  three 
leagu'js  and  a  h.ilt,  two  rounit  he.uis,  look- 
ing at  that  dillanee  hkelniall  iflands,  which 
however  were  not  fo,  but  held  to  the  main. 

At  two  in  the  morning  we  weigh'd  with 
a  fmall  fouili-fouth-well  wind,  Handing 
north  tor  a  while,  till  eoming  into  fix  fa- 
thoms, we  bore  aw.iy  to  north-north-weli, 
till  eight  in  the  morning, and  were  then  in  fe- 
ven  eight,  to  ten  tatlioms,  and  again  return'd 
to  (even  tathom,  about  three  leagues  (roin 
land,  which  appear'd  all  overgrown  with 
trees  ;  the  coa(l  not  very  high,  but  double 
land  inwards :  and  wh.U  we  oblerv'd  molt, 
were  two  redtlifi's  or  Hani'tia..,  as  the  Pr- 
tiis^if'/e  call  them,  at  eafl  fomewhat  north 
from  us;  befides,  .1  high  lotty  tree  appear- 
ing above  all  the  wood.  By  this  day's  ob- 
fervation,  we  had  fix  degrees  thirty  miuutes 
fouth-l.ititude. 

The  twenty-feventh  at  noon,  had  at  the 
li.le  of  us,  a  very  pleafant  Ihore,  richly  a- 
dorn'ti  with  wood,  anil  a  curious  landy 
beach  betore  it  i  the  country  within  all 
double  land,  and  near  the  lea  red  cliH's. 

At  fix  in  the  evening  anchor'd  in  fix  fa- 
thom, having  at  north  ot  us,  about  five 
leagues  diftant  a  (hort  point,  (hooting  out 
to  lea,  which  we  ("uppoled  to  be  cape  Pa- 
dron,  the  fouth  head  or  jioint  of  T'^wj^'y-river, 
which  the  maps  let  down  at  fix  degrees 
fouth  latitude ;  this  agrecil  ex.iftly  with 
our  oblcrv.uion  ot  this  noon. 

The  twenty-eighth  at  live  in  the  morn- 
ing, we  let  fail  witii  .i  fouth-ea(l  wind,  which 
foon  after  grew  calm,  and  the  title  and  the 
furgcs  ol  thefca  drove  us  on  the  land  ,  we 
were  (orc'd  to  .uichor  in  fix  fathom,  about 


Congo-River. 

half  a  league  from  l.uid.  Bur  foon  after  the 
gale  coming  up  ag.iin,  we  lail'd  north  well 
till  noon,  and  got  cape  PuJron  two  leagues 
from  us,  bearing  north  ealt  by  call,  ami  ob- 
lerv'd .ibundaiKC  of  Bhidi  walking  along 
the  fandy  beach,  where  they  had  (cver.ii 
cinocs,  and  l.iunched  twenty-live  or  thirty 
to  goafilhingi  but  none  ol  them  would 
venture  to  (onv  aboard,  or  near  our  long- 
boat which  .itrmded  us,  (ailing  along  the 
lliori',  lor  all  the  fignals  we  made  them. 

The  Ihorc  we  had  lail'd  by  all  the  (ore 
noon,  is  more  Hiaded  with  trees,  than  any 
we  had  teen  iK-t'ore  ;  cape  P. i, Iron  is  a  low 
llat  fandy  point,  oeergrowii  with  trees,  to 
a  tiii.iU  diUance  from  the  beat  h,  on  wliicli 
ll.uuls  by  it  fit  one  only  p.ilm-iree,  whitli 
m.dies  it  the  more  caty  to  know  the  cajv, 
trom  lea.  l.'tdo'.zu'.s  having  iliicovei  M 
the  river  Z.iir,  he,  aicording  to  the  orders 
of  the  king  of  Pcr^^^al,  taken  notice  ot  in 
the  delcripiion  of  the  (Joli  ('o.ijf,  erettetl  on 
this  low  point,  a  Hone  bale  or  pyramul,  to 
fliew  or  tcllity,  he  took  pollenion  of  the 
co.dls  he  had  kit  behind  ;  and  trom  this  ir 
was  n.imetl  the  river  of  Pdilirn,  antl  al'tcr- 
w.irils  Congi  river,  becaufe  it  craverfcs  that 
kingttom. 

In  the  afternoon,  with  a  foutherly  brecz", 
wc  continu'ti  O'lr  courfe  along  the  Ihore,  a- 
bout  a  mile  tlilhince;  anil  having  weatlier'd 
cape  PnJron,  llood  north  c.ifl:  by  eaft  and 
ealt-north-eall,  foiiKtiiius  to  eail  .uiti  e.ill 
by  fouth,  in  twelve,  t'lirteen,  fourteen  and 
fifteen  fati.oms  water  -,  and  then  on  a  fuddtn 
tlid  not  find  ground  with  twenty-five  fa- 
thom of  line:  oblerving  J^almirii:b.t  \>om, 
on  the  north  fide  of  Cou'^-i  river,  bearing 
north-north  well  of  us,  tnis  cape  being  in 
ti.e  territory  ct  Gn,  at  fomh  of  the  b.ty  ol 
(./■'iiitlr, 

Ivitt-north  ea(t  ol  c.ipe /',.',/r»/;,  is  a  point 
wiiich  we  l.iil'tl  by  at  halt  a  league  ililLinte, 
and  being  i>.ils'd  th  •  lame,  prefently  tiilto- 
V.  r'd  another  point,  at  eall  by  north,  con- 
tinu.dly  founding  without  touching  ground 
with  our  tw'-nty-five  faiiiom  line  ■■,  and  on 
.1  lutklcn  cane  into  five  f.ithom,  with  a 
llrong  tide  letting  to  Ihore  ;  whereupon  vve 
prelently  ilrtjp'il  anchor. 

The  tliirii  point  in  Con^o  river,  bearing  coiij.) 
eaft  halt  north,  half  a  league  of  us,  being  f.e. 
S/ny  or  Su)igo  point,  where  we  law  a  great 
numbiT  of  HLid>  ■■.  ami  (oon  after  our  mailer 
went,,(horc  in  tlie  pinnace  :  after  which,  we 
niooreil  the  niij)  with  tlic  ftreamanchor 
antti.ible,    it  north-noi th-well. 

Sot)ii  all'  r  the  pinn.ue  return'tl  aboard, 
wii.h  twt>  PiLids  of  the  co'intry,  who  fpoke 
broken  Po  liig:<ej?,  antl  alfur'd  us  they  had 
a  great  i|  i.ntity  ot  fl.ives  to  Oifpole  of,  at 
the  town  )t  S  n^^o  or  Sony,  the  oniinary  refi- 
dence  ot  the  jirince  or  earl  ot  i.liat  nanv.-, 
lying  about   five  leagues  inl.uKi  from  this 

poi.it  ; 


■>« 


I  .    I 


loon  after  tlir. 
ilM  north  well 
on  two  lca<j;u('s 
y  call,  anil  oh 
valking  alonif 
y   had   fevcrJ 
-five  or  thirty 
I  them  woiilil 
near  our  long- 
lin^  along  the 
lade  them, 
ly  all  the  lore 
rics  than  any 
".nIroH  is  a  low 
»  with  trees,  to 
a<;h,  on  whiili 
hii-trce,  whiili 
;now  the  tajv, 
ving  ilili'ovi'iM 
y  to  thu  oidi-i'i 
xn  notice  of  in 
oijf,  ercrted  on 
or  pyramid,  to 
loHinion  of  the 
md  trom  this  i: 
,lrf.)i,  and  at'rcr- 
ii  traverfes  that 

biithcrly  brecz  •, 

ng  the  Ihorc,  a- 

nving  weatlicr'd 

\\H  by  caft  and 

to  call  and  e.ill 

in,  tourtcen  and 

en  on  a  fiiddi  n 

wenty-tive  l,i- 

mrrujj.i  point, 

river,    bearir-.g 

ape  being  in 

h  ot  the  b.'.v  oi 


Jror,  is  a  poini 
■ague  tlillame, 
pri-lently  diko- 
by  north,  con- 
ouching  groun.l 
line  i  and  on 
uhom,  with  a 
whereupon  v,c 

rivtr,  bearing  Con 
>;ue  ol  us,  bring  M.. 
wc  law  a  great 
alter  our  mailer 
.'.leer  which,  we 
llream -anchor 
/ell. 

return'd  aboard, 

11  ry,  wlio  fpokc 

I  m  they  had 

to  ililpo'.e  ot,  at 

he  oniinary  refi- 

ot  i.lut  name, 

inland  from  this 

poiat  i 


V  .'no 


^  Voyage  to  Congo-River. 


S03 


point ;  and  that  there  were  only  an  Engli/h 
and  a  D'llcb  fhip  at  Ca'nndc;  which  had  al- 
moll  got  in  ilv.ir  lomplinient  ot  (lave.. 

Tow.ifds  night  we  lent  lome  men  tolidi 
afliore  wirh  the  yaul  ;  who  being  returned 
Ibme  hour  Salter,  brought  a  pretty  quantity 
ol  lilh,  they  caught  in  a  pond,  lying  not 
tar  from  the  be.ich,  heilgcd  about  with 
fhrubs,  and  bung  lielp'd  by  the  Blmki. 
The  net  was  not  long  enough  to  be  ul'ed 
at  the  beach.  The  B!acki  ilwelliiig  about 
this  point  ar;-all  finv.'rm  n,  and  very  got 
civil  people,  but  could  atiord  our  men  n.< 
refrelhiiunts  hfi.i's  fome  tew  pots  otpdiii- 
win'',  which  they  tetch'd  trom  a  gooti  di- 
llaiice  inland.  Thiy  take  pilchard  in  Zj.r 
as  lat  and  l.irg.;  as  herrings,  ufing  a  very 
long  round  ll.ilt',  madeof  a  wood  as  hard  a-, 
iron,  and  fo  thick,  tliat  as  many  darts  arc 
made  tall  to  it,  a  linall  ilillance  trom  ea(  ii 
other,  as  take  up  fix  or  I'even  Ipaiu  in 
lompal's. 

There  arc  fea-horfes  in  this  river  as  large 
as  two  orilin.iry  land-horle.^. 

When  we  anchor'd,  the  tide  was  but 
liuall  in  comparilbn  to  what  it  provM  to 
be  about  fix  in  the  evening,  when  on  a 
liidiien  itciii-ieilown  from  the  river  asfwitt 
as  in  the  Tbama,  and  continued  lo  till  almoll 
ten  at  night. 

'7'he  B'.aiki  about  this  river's  mouth  are 
all  Roman  Calholhks,  lome  ot  them  weariiM; 
a  long  tiring  ot  beads  about  their  neck, 
with  acrols  hanging  at  it  ;  and  on  the  point 
of  Sony  there  is  i  little  chapel  detlicateil  to 
St.  Jiitony.  Every  Bl.ick  has  a  Poiii'giity 
name. 

The  twenty  ninth,  otir  mader  went  in  tlie 
pinnace,  and  the  yaul  was  lent  alliore  to 
filh  in  the  before  mention'd  ixjiid  ;  but  i  hey 
could  not  tlouble  Sony  point,  nor  let  alliore 
any  where  about  it,  the  k.x  breaking  fo  vio- 
It  ntly  at  the  beach  ;  and  were  obliged  to 
return  .ibo.ird  ;  but  at  noon,  the  yau'  tow- 
ing the  long-boat,  and  the  fea-breezc  being 
very  tlroiig,  had  much  ado,  by  the  working 
of  fails  and  oars,  to  weather  the  laid  point, 
and  return'd  aboard  at  night,  witli  a  realon- 
able  c]uantity  of  filh,  among  which  were 
Iblcs  twenty   inches  long. 

Our  mallerand  mate  in  the  pinnace,  con- 
dufleel  by  two  or  three  Blacki  ot  Soii\  point, 
gut  up  tile  creek  of  Sony  twelve  miles,  row- 
ing all  the  day  ;  and  being  let  afliore,  walk'd 
about  fix  Awij/y/' miles  by  land  to  the  town, 
and  were  kept  there  a  inetty  while,  before 
they  could  fpeak  with  tlie  prince :  at  fill 
being  admitted  to  audience,  according  to 
the  cullom  of  the  country,  they  prefented 
him  with  fix  yartls  of  fine  chints,  which 
he  nceived  favoura[)ly,  and  prelently  or- 
der'd  a  hen  to  be  drels'd  and  lerv'd  up  in  .1 
iorry  pewter  dilh,  to  tre.it  them.  In  the 
dilcourfc  the  Bkck  prince,  or  count,    hear- 


ing the  captain  fiy,  he  w;''j  come  to  trade B« '"'or. 
for  (laves,  afk'd  him.  tyoelher  be  would  luke^V^ 
due  care  that  tboje  Jlavet  Jhould  he  injlrutted 
in  the  chnjlmn  fuilb  ;  and  wletber  be  bad 
waitrdon  ibi'  Portuguefe  I'adre  there,  which 
wai  riqiiijlt:-  Jhoidd  !/:■  done :  and  lo  dilrnifTetl 
him,  alter  prefenting  him  with  a  goat  and 
fix  hens. 

The  captain  return'd  aboard  at  eleven  at 
night,  accom p.m led  with  A/rt;;yo/^i;r',  that  is, 
the  receiver  ot  the  ll^hilei,  Mcwcbi/igiie,  and 
.Miinanhachc,  tlirecnienol  qu.dity,  lent  by 
the  p:iiKe  to  infpeci  our  goods  abo.u'd,  the 
m ate  being  l.tt  at  ow;y  as  an  hoilage  for 
them. 

Tlie  thirtieth,  thole  p.'ribns  examined  dWfeoplt  Ro- 
ihe  goods,  and  liked  ihem  very  well  ;  at"!"",'  •■-'" 
dinner  they  ted  on  bread  and  cheele,  it  be-    "'    '' 
ing    Iriday,    and    conlequently    a  tafl    for 
lioin  in  C.ilboli.ki,    the  prince    of  Soitf  and 
all  Ills  court  being  llich  •,    and  m.iintaining 
there  Lwo  Ponii^uefe  friar;,  of  the  order  ot 
Hm.iiaiiii,   one  of  whom    was  but  lately 
dead.     Thofe  noble  Bucks  wore  long  beads 
-.nd  a  crob,  with  Ibnie  /Igniis-Dei  at  their 
neck. 

At  three  in  the  afternoon  they  return'd 
to  6'o;;)',  the  captain  accompanying  them 
thirhcr,  in  order  to  treat  with  the  prince  •, 
hut  could  do  nothing,  the  fiid  prince  telling 
hiui,  that  neither  he  nor  his  lu'.ijcels  could 
well  trade  with  him  for  flaves,  unlefshehad 
lirll  f.itisfied  the  /'a/.'.v^.v^.c'  Padre,  pretend- 
ing it  was  not  in  his  power,  to  let  him  pur- 
ch.de  ll.ives  in  his  territories,  without  having 
ohtairied  his  licenci:  to  tliat  ellecl.  The  cap- 
tain was  foivcil  to  comply,  tlio'  with  much 
reliuH.incy  at  firfl. 

The  P.id'i-,  whin  lie  waited  on  liiin,  iiear- 
in:j;  of  his  iklign,  U.irted  lome  ililHculties  ■, 
aliedging  ehieliy,iliat  the  i,'«_^/yZ/ carried  the 
flives  to /?((;■/'.(,'/' ft,  to  the  hereticks,  where 
he  vv.is  ilire  the  poor  wretches  fliould  never 
be  inllnicted  in  rlie  chrilli  ui  futh  :  where- 
upon the  captain  Ihew'd  him  hiscommiflion, 
but  the  father  not  uiiderftan  ling  En'^lijli,  de- 
fired  to  have  it  render'd  into  the  PortK^uej'e 
or  l.itin  tongue,  which  none  there  could  do, 
and  lo  the  father  feemingly  confentcd  to 
his  rcquilt. 

Then  the  prince  of  Sony  order'd  the  fame  7/,,,,  ,v 
iliree  g'-iulemen  Blicks,  adding  to  them  \m amine  tht 
Icc.-etary,  w!u>  could   reail  and  write  Portu-i'"''- 
{•jir'e,  ami  by  his  poll  of  fir  gre.itcr  dignity 
'.iian  the  t'-ree  others,  to  retui'i  aboard  the 
lliip,  toexmiine  yet  more  nicel  'the  nature 
ot  our  cargo,  and  to  return  him  an  exadt 
account  fonluvith, 

Thele  being  arriv'd  aboard,  were  enter- 
tained as  Well  as  we  could  ;  and  we  drank 
with  them  thfir  prince's,  the  father's,  and 
their  own  liedthsfuccelfively  and  leparately, 
and  e.ich  health  was  laluted  by  tiring  of 
five  guns. 

They 


1.  ;•    1-  " 

. ':  r- 

rM 


'  :Hi.- 


M    I 


{'■■'•l 


!    !  ;i 


'&'{  ! 


#•  ^!-: 


:i'-, 


!ir-^ 


lit  i) i'*^''^ 


s:o4 


^  Voyage  ro  Congo-River. 


F'lrt  (if 

JI.IHI. 


Bariidt  Thry  fl.iiil  ;\lv).iril  till  ihc  ll-i onil  ol  .SV/j- 
trmlrr,  anil  then  reiurnicl  to  Smi^,,  with  a 
ciTi.iin  quantity  <it  our  nicri  hanilizp,  to 
lion-  llv  lod^f  VIC  wiTi  to  lit  up  there,  on 
the  airuranies  they  gave  ui,  th.it  in  two 
months,  or  ten  wi-ek^.it  f.irthi  (1,  we  might 
there  buy  five  hunJreil  iLives  ;  .mil  upon 
fills  |Krtuafion  we  hid  our  lo-lj^e  fettleil, 
h  irg  .1  houl'i!  in  Snn\,  contrary  to  the  ulinl 
cullom  there,  to  fettle  the  loli'.e  near  the 
trcek,  or  river  of  i'(/wv 

The  fifth,  they  iHTfillcil  to  fttl-j  the  |^ri<c 
ot  iVwts  at  eii»ht  jiieeis  ,i  man,  and  |(  .'en 
for  a  woman  (lave  •,  and  for  bovs  and  girls 
proivjiiionibly,  ai cording  to  tin  ir  ajjc  and 
flren^^lh  :  b  it  fearing  what  diil  li  ippen  alter- 
war-k,  that  thefe  S'-.;;v  fl/,n<;i,beiiijr  bis^otied 
to  tluir  l'a,lii\  oj)inion,  as  to  the  iile  of 
ilij  flivis,  would  only  ainuleus,  wc  lint  our 
lonf,  boat  Ut('il/!i:i!i\  to  ol)f,rve  the  tiade  of 
(\.\\\>  tlv.'tOi  hiving  been  til  I  by  a  H'a^  !•, 
who  fpoke  indilVerent  {^ood  Kiixl'ft\  and 
Hi  w'd  tome  certificates  of  5n/'//jiommiii- 
iler,  of  trading  (hips,  of  his  good  inture, 
and  readinefs  to  fcrve  the  nation,  tint  we 
(hiutd  have  a  more  ready  dil'p  itch  at  Ci- 
h.nde,  thin  there,  he  coula  but  ad  vile  us  to 
fend  a  m(  flap;e  to  the  duke  ol  llut  country, 
as  In-  IliI'd  liim. 

The  fevrnrh  we  had  a  cmoe  aboard,  with 
three  indilierent  larg.'  elcph  mt'iteeth, weigh- 
ing aiiout  a  bundled  and  tiliy  pounds,  (or 
whith  they  alk'd  eleven  pieces  ;  we  olVer'd 
fcven,  and  th-y  woul  I  not  fell  t.'iem  at  that 
price. 

The  eighth  of  vSV//^w»/v,oiir  men  went  Oiit 
a  filhiTL;  near  tlie  breakings,  .ind  brought  as 
nuuh  filli  ,is  (ould  lerve  all  our  crew  three 
or  (our  days.  We  obfcrved  this  day,  yet 
more  remarkably  than  Ix-fore,  the  flood  to 
luve  little  or  no  (orec,  but  the  ebb  to  be 
incredibly  I'wiii,  elpecially  at  certain  times 
(or  three  or  four  hours,  and  maybe  laid  to 
run  iliiwiiwards  continually,  carrying  out 
with  it  not  only  flumps  and  trunksof  trees, 
but  evi  n  whole  parcels  ot  ground,  over- 
grown with  fmall  trees  and  Ihrubs,  tloating 
like  little  iflands ;  lb  that  fometimes  it  is  im- 
pofTible  (or  our  boats  to  get  beycrd  Smiy 
poiiu,  and  are  (breed  to  land  on  this  fide, 
and  afterwards  hale  o\er  the  point,  which!', 
very  narrow,  into  the  water  on  tile  other 
fide  of  It. 

The  firlt  mate  left  as  faiflor  .it  our  lodge  at 
Sons,  lent  us  word,  there \v. is  no  likelihood  ol 
any  trade  till  we  had  adjulled  with  the  priiKe 
the  price  of  fiaves,  a..j  the  ftandardofimr 
merchandizes  i  as  alfo  the  king's  cuftoms. 
Whereujjon  the  litteenth,  Mr.  C.^jjenaivc 


:.lwii- 


Pttitnli 


far  liberty  went  up  to  Sony  town,  and  there  full  waited 

ct  tradt.     m,  thii  PorlngKf/f  friar, ,ind  prifentcd  him  with 

fomc  fmall  refrelliments  of  £«mv,  (luch  as 

they  were.after  a  five  months  pa(rage  thither) 

which  he  received  with  great  latisfailion,  and 


returnM  him  his  pr.  f  ni ,  beinjj;  fome  fine 
fweet  oranges  and  ban.in.i ,,  and  treated  him 
with  wine. 

Tiien  he  waited  on  the  pririi  ,  who  w.h 
fitting  on  A  gre.ir  chair,  his  tieail  newly 
(hav'd  .w.'.  n.iked  ,  h.iving  a  kind  o(  lilaik 
cloak  over  his  llioulder,,  but  very  (horr  j 
and  a  clout  o(  the  (ime  black  (lutf  as  his 
cloak  alwui  his  middle  i  his  legs  baie,  but 
i'ippcrs  on  his  (eet.  When  ('.,i(p-iieiivi-  cnter'd 
the  room,  he  m.ide  a  fign  to  him  with  his 
hand,  to  fit  down  op()ofite  to  him  ;  a(ter 
l(i:ne  di(courfe  concirn.ng  trade,  he  call'd 
lor  a  l.upe  jiot  "f  palm-wine,  which  he 
1  .iiifed  to  be  prcl.  'ed  to  him,  after  drinking 
himfelf  in  a  great  lilvcr  cup,  on  a  pl.itc  in- 
llcid  o('  a  I'ilv.r. 

This  [irinct's  apartments  are  divided  with  Km;'/  tm 
boards  into  lever.d  low  rooms,  finie  ofwhieh/''''"'' 
.ire  punted  ot   v.irious  colours   uid  fi  ;ures.     ■'"■ 
Hut  the  father's  is  mm  h  better   and  larger, 
h  iving  alfo  a  very   g'>od  garden,  curioully 
planted   with  great  vaiicty  of  Jfr.uiii  trees 
and  plants  -,  anil  ni'.dt  up  into  (ine  pleafant 
w.ilks,    moll  ot  them  (haded   like  groves. 
His  chapel  h  IS  three  bells. 

We  privately  agreed  w  ith  the  prince  about 
the  trade  o(  ll.ives,  .it  eight  pieces  (or  men, 
and  (even  tor  women  ,  and  tor  the  niealure 
of  our  goods,  (ix  loot  two  inches  to  each 
fathom  (or  his,  and  o(  five  foot  only  for 
the  people;  this  prin.ie  generally  making  a 
belter  bargain  (or  himli  If  than  tor  them. 

The  crew  ot  our  long-boat  that  went  on 
the  teventh  tor  Ca'jihJj,  as  has  been  ob- 
terved,  returnM  aboard  the  (i.vteenth,  in  the 
y.iul  III  an /'.//^'i''//>  Ihip  that  lay  tliere  ;  (or 
it  had  not  been  polFible  (or  our  men  to  have 
tlemni'ii  the  violent  tide,  by  l.iiling  the 
boat  i  and  th'.-  capr.iin,  who  went  thither  in 
it,  returned,  being  iiiditpos'd,  over  land, 
(rom  Cabiih'.e  to  Bomai:^rs;,  and  thence  by 
w.it  v  in  a  canoe  1  complaining  muih  of  the 
ruilr  temper  of  the  HluiKi  o\ dibinde.  Our 
pinnace  had  before  n).ide  that  voyage  with 
our  chief  carpenter  and  tour  men,  who  had 
been  tent  alhore  in  the  yaul  to  hew  wood, 
unknown  to  us  all,  upon  the  perluafion  of 
the  Hlack  of  Boinavgoy,  before  ("poken  of, 
that  it  was  not  very  far,  and  we  might  make 
a  fiiort  voy.ige,  before  we  could  ever  mils 
ot  them  -,  but  coming  near  CabnnU  late  in 
the  night, and  the  lireakings  being  very  great, 
they  got  on  land  there  with  much  trouble, 
and  often  in  hazard  of  Ijilitting  the  yaul 
ag.iinlf  the  rocks,  and  fanrls  of  the  bay  ; 
but  were  very  joyfully  receiv'il  by  the  cap- 
tain o(  the  inh.ibit.ints,  who  cauled  fume 
guns,  they  have  there,  to  be  fired,  to  fa- 
lurc  thi  m  all  the  Hldck>  fccming  much 
pleated  to  ke  them. 

As  we  fufpected  with  great  reafon,that 
we  fhould  have  but  an  indilferent  trade  ac 
Sony,    tinding  more  and  more  by  the  dif- 

courfes 


Cfiiii 

trtjf 

Siu'.ni 


f'mn'Ji 
(.,  Jir. 


iiiJr 


PP'    t 


'  i..n 


.  ■  * 
:    I 


A  Voyage  to  Congo-River. 


?os: 


pr  foiiif  fine 
trt.itfi.1  liim 

,    wlu>   WIS 

lic.ld  newly 
mil  ot  lilai-k 

very  Hi'irt  \ 
k  lliitf  as  his 
■<^  b.ue,  but 
7(c//i'''i-nter'd 
him  with  his 

him  V  ■ili^'i' 
ik-,  lie  cnllM 
;,  which  he 
aficr  tlrinViing 
on  a  1)1. 1  tc  in- 

;  ilivitleil  with  K/'ii'i  ut 

s  .iiul  h:;urcs.  - 
■r  ami  l.irgcr, 
len,  lurioully 
.Ifrmin  trees 
0  tine  pkur.int 
.1   like  groves. 

ic  prince  about 
ieces  tor  men. 
Of  the  iiieal'ure 
inches  to  eaih 

foot  only  lor 
rally  making i 
in  tor  than, 
t  that  went  on 

has  Wvn  <ih- 
xteenih,  in  the 

ay  there  ;  tor 
ur  men  to  have 
by  tailing  the 
went  thither  in 

li,  ovet  land, 
and  thence   by 

ig  muili  of  the 

Cabmde.     Our 

t  voyage  with 

men,  who  hail 

to  hew  wood, 
perlliafion  of 
fore  fpoken  of, 

we  might  make 

tduKl  ever  mifs 

Cdb.ndi  late  in 

i-ingvery  great, 
much  trouble, 
ting    the  yaul 

,  of  tb.e  bay  ; 

■  \\  by  the  cap 
')  rauftd  li^mi; 

H-    tired,  to  la- 

fecming   niucli 

•eat  reafon.that 
itVercnt  trade  aC 
ore  by  the  dif- 
courf:i 


i-vMi  coiirfc?  of  tiie  natives,  tiiat  tliey  were  pof- 
irijt  »i  ft-isM  V.  ith  an  opinion,  that  wc  were  not  chri- 
^'!''""'  Uian-,  and  tiiat  we  iifeii  to  i  arry  the  flaves 
lo  the  7'/'i('',  and  other  inlidels  and  lifre- 
tirks,  where  ihey  were  never  bipti/.M  ; 
thought  pn)pcr  to  lofe  no  time,  in  looking 
out  lor  a  betii  r  plai  e  to  fettle  ,a  lodg'  or 
(aftory,  in  Co»;(^'/-river  :  and  being  inlorm'il, 
that  (111  the  northern  Ihore,  ai  or  near  a 
point  fever.d  leagues  up  that  river,  (  dleil 
point  (iitiiii,  lying  eight -en  or  twivy 
leagues  l.inhi'r  cillward,  we  mighr  fettle 
one,  anil  tralVuk  witli  the  inhabitants  ot 
liic  circumiaci 111  territory,  call'd  /<ii\  or 

.V,7TV  i 

On  the  twenty  lirft  of  Sc'plcinkr,  Mr. 
Cdjf.iu'iiVi'  went  thither  in  the  piunai  e  v 
where  l)eing  iuiiled,  he  was  vrry  coune- 
oully  reieiveil  liy  the  i.iptain  ot  thi"  vil 
lige  (iititir,  fituated  on  the  louth-w/ll 
fuie  ot  .1  tree!-.,  Ibmewhat  to  northward 
of  tlie  |>oini,  where  the  river  /.mr  join; 
that  of  Congo,  i  ic  .ulvifeil  iiim,  after  he 
had  procured  him  .i  proper  houfe  there,  to 
be  made  life  ot  lor  a  t.iftory,  at  two  pieces 
/-(•>•  month  rent,  to  wait  on  tlie  king  of 
Ziii>-,  md  prtiiion  him  lor  a  perniidloii  to 
trade  wiih  his  lubjetts,  as  a  thing  .ilways 
pradtis'd  and  ot  abtblute  nccefiliy  :  which 
being  relblved,  the  old  Hla^k  captain  about 
ten  at  night  ilifpatched  up  to  /.air  by 
land,  one  Mi'iikmheU,  brother  in  law  of  the 
king,  in  inform  iiim  ot  the  iKTign,  and  to 
requelt  he  would  lend  Ibine  ot  his  otricers 
f.miii',/«to  Gitan,  to  lerve  as  guards  to  our  lodge, 
'■••'"■     and  have   it  cnclofed  for  its  tl-curity. 

The  twenty-third,  Cajfctteuve  being  in  the 
faftory,  with  tiie  old  captain  o\' Gild  tr,  to 
lettle  it  in  order,  they  heard  a  noile  ot  Ikir- 
mifliiiig,  and  the  Ibunil  of  a  '.rumpet  .ind 
ofa  drum,  wjio  preccdi  1  the  lilad-  M  >'- 
Icinhcli',  .md  the  king's  officers.  'I'hefellop'd 
lirll  at  the  governor's  houfc,  and  afterwards 
(Mine  to  the  f.ii^ory.  The  Maiig'Vc,  on.,  of 
the  king's  tirll  ofHcers  walked  ,it  the  IhmiI 
of  all  tiic  others,  under  an  umbrello  cirry'd 
over  his  head  by  a  lervant,  and  followed 
liy  about  thirty  other  Blihks,  bcfiiles  the 
king's  oilicers.  As  they  tnter'd  the  ta(!^ory, 
(!ii(l:HetnY  caufedtluni  to  be  fduttd  widi 
fome  final  1  .irms,  to  welcome  them,  ac- 
cording to  their  way  -,  to  C\i  down  on  fome 
m.its,  laid  on  the  ground  alter  the  falhion 
of  the  country,  to  be  treati.  1  with  drams 
of  brandy  ;  and  after  a  little  ttay,  in  the 
way  only  ofa  formal  vifit,  they  retired  to 
the  vill.ige,  the  Mangove  being  prcfentcd 
with  a  ,-\.dk  ot  brandy. 
U);n)  ti  'i"h(j  next  morning, being  the  twenty-fourth, 
"■''"'  they  came  again  to  the  faiftory,  and  pre- 
lented  Ciffciieuvc  with  a  hog,  and  two  chil- 
lers of  bananas  -,  and  after  a  fliort  llay  re- 
turned to  the  town,  without  taking  any  no- 
Vol.  V. 


iicc  of  tr.ide  i  thefe  people  being  full  ofBAn  nT. 

liich    ■,  ivilities  and   formali'Jcs.     But  lomel^^NJ 

time  alter  they  return'd.igain  to  the  l.idtorv  j 

the  MiKigovi- x.o\i\  Gnlft'iiiuv.'  he  was  lent  by 

the  king,  with  the  oificers  prdlnt,  toaflure 

him  lie  wis  well  pleated  the  /r/i.ij  (houlil 

keep  a  loilge  there  ;  and   at  :hc  i.ime  time 

to  dedarc   to  the   inh.ibitant-,  they  tnight 

liei  ly  deal  with  liiin  ;  and  to  ch.irge  ihein 

in  his  n.imc  not  to   dillurb  or  moKll  the 

ll'IrJi's  any   m.innei    ot    w.iys. 

Alter  wiiich,  thole  officers  obliged  the  lac-.^n  m/j 
tor  to  take  five  fervants  into  his  p.iy,  to*''''/"' 
attend  the  fervicc  of  the  t.uitory,  and  to  be'''^'''''"'' 
the  keepers  of  the  fi.n  es  we  fliould  buy 
there  till  they  were  lent  aboard.  Twonf 
iliele  lirv.inis  belonged  to  the  Miirrf-i-'e 
himfelf,  one  tothe  Man.  bin;.' u,-,  one  I'lold 
G:.'  .,ir,  and  one  to  the  M.iLhtiihc.  We  were 
tf>  piy  them  for  thi  ir  attendance  one  fa- 
iliom  meafure  in  iiitrchandi/.e  /yt  week,  for  . 
the  five  men,  hut  no  vicluals ;  and  they 
promiled  to  make  good  whatever  lofs  or 
dam.igc  we  might  incur,  and  to  do  all 
manner  ot' fervitc  as  rcijiiiied  :  tor  it  i,  the 
ciillom  there,  tiiat  liK  h  llTvantsare  to  an- 
fwcT  for  wli.itcver  is  committed  to  their 
ciillody,  and  what  fl.ives  the  IFhues  have, 
they  are  to  pay  tor,  if  flolen  or  run  away, 
or  be  made  fl.ives  in  tiieir  room,  if  not 
able  to  pay.  However,  the  Blacks  having 
a  n.itural  propcnfiiy  to  (le.iling,  at  wiiicli 
Mty  are  very  dextrous,  it  is  reiiuifitc  to 
iiavc  a  watchtiil  eye  over  their  behaviour, 
.md  not  trull  tliem  too  far,  under  the 
fpecious  pretence  of  their  fecurities;  for  if 
they  can  lay  h.inds  on  any  thing  they 
like  unpcrceiv'd,  they  will  run  away  with 
it,  and  never  return  to  the  t.iiilory. 

The  Afair^i.V:'  .ind  the  officers  examined 
all  the  merchandiz,"  we  had  in  the  houle, 
and  lik'd  it  very  well  ■,  and  ;'.fterw.irds  le- 
turning  ag'in  lo  the  lodgewirlia  great  pot 
ol  palm-wiiu  to  tlriiik  witli  the  f.idor,  and 
h.ning  given  him  new  allur.inces  we  fhould 
iiKct  with  . I  brifk  trade  of  (Lives  and  pro- 
vifions,  they  went  home,  the  Mam^ovt-  be- 
ing prelcntcd  by  the  tador  with  a  fithom 
of  chiiits  -,  and  ail  the  other  grand  otticrs, 
as  they  (lilcd  themlelvcs,  t.ich  witli  two 
knives  and  a  dram  of  branily  :  it  being  re- 
lblved by  all  thole  Buicki,  that  the  \^cXoT 
lliould  wait  on  tlieir  king  at  Zatr,  the 
next  day  with  a  prefent. 

The  twenty-fifth,  Mr.  Cajf  ncuve  fet  out 
by  w.iter  in  canoes,  in  company  ot  thole 
officers,  and  being  l.indeti  ag.iii;  at  a  place 
llireeor  four  miles  higher  up  tlie  little  ri- 
ver of  7,.iT,  than  G.'/.ur- point,  they  of- 
fered to  have  him  carried  to  Ziur  in  a 
hammock,  as  is  the  way  ol' travelling  in  that 
country,  but  he  chotcratln.rtpw.ilk  it,  being 
fevenor  eight  miles  dillant:  and  being  .ir- 
6  N  riv'd 


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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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^Voyage  ?o  Congo-River. 


Jlnditnct 
given  by 
:hi  king. 


BARmvr.hv'dat  ihe  town  of  Z^V,  reftcd  a  \iu\e  at 
'•^V^'  tlie  houfc  of  one  of  thekirg's  officers,  where 
he  was  waited  upjn  by  three  of  the  king's 
noblemen  to  welcome  him,  and  at  the  fame 
time  to  complain,  he  had  not  caufed  the 
firiall  arms  to  be  difchargcd  at  his  coming 
into  town,  as  iscuftomary  there  to  do,  up- 
on vifuing  any  pcrfon,  and  much  more  the 
king }  which  he  excufed,  alledging  his  ig- 
norance of  that  cuftom,  as  he  was  a  great 
ftranger:  and  added,  for  further  fatisfadlion, 
that  he  was  much  affli(fted  at  the  ill  con- 
dition one  of  his  near  acquaintance  lay  in 
aboard  tlie  fliip,  when  he  departed  trom 
liim;  which  anfwer  feemcd  to  fatisfy  them. 

At  two  in  the  afternoon  he  was  conduced 
to  audience  in  this  manner  ;  the  Mangove 
placed  him  on  his  right  hand,  and  behinil 
him  a  fervant  covering  his  head  with  an 
unibrcUo  held  to  keep  off  the  fcorching 
heat  of  the  fun.  They  were  preceded  by 
four  noblemen  •,  the  other  officers  walking 
in  their  ranks,  behind  the  M^mgovr,  with 
many  other  inferior  Blacks :  and  being  come 
near  the  palace,  they  halted  for  a  wiiile,  be- 
ing told  the  king  was  paying  his  devotions 
to  his  idols ;  which  being  over,  they  moved, 
paffing  through  two  enclofures  or  courts, 
made  after  the  faffiion  of  the  country,  into 
a  large  one,  beyond  the  two,  where  were 
above  three  hundred  IHacks  fitting  on  the 
fandy  ground,  being  either  the  king's  do- 
inefticks,  or  the  principal  inhabitants  ol  the 
town,  whom  curiofity  had  brought  to  fee 
the  IVhiles. 

The  king  fat  at  one  end  of  tliis  fpacious 
court,  with  his  back  to  the  w.al!,  or  enclo- 
I'ure,  on  a  feat  raifed  .about  fifteen  inches 
from  the  ground,  and  under  his  feet  an 
.mtelope's  fkin  carpet-wife  ;  he  being  drels'd 
in  a  long  fcarlet  cloak,  which  had  been  pre- 
fented  him  'ome  time  before  by  one  Mon- 
ov/an  Engiij7j.-naii,  as  was  alter  wards  known : 
his  head,  legs,  and  feet  bare,  with  a  clout  of 
M'Uombc-bMk  about  his  middle,  and  before 
him  was  a  lance  Handing  in  the  ground,  he 
being  an  old  man  of  a  very  indifferent  mien. 

Mr.  CdJJeneuve  v/:is  made  to  fit  down,  a- 
bout  ten  loot  diftance  oppofite  to  the  king  ; 
and  by  the  kiri;  ftood  a  woman  having  by 
her  a  large  pot  of  palm-wine ;  and  about  ten 
paces  farther  were  ten  or  twelve  Blacks  in 
a  fitting  pofture,  arm'd  with  mulkets,  and 
in  the  midft  of  them  one  with  a  fcarlet 
cloak,  adorn'd  with  gold  fringe,  (landing 
there  (o  richly  drefs'd  to  honour  their  idols. 
Tlie  woman  prelented  the  old  king  with  a 
cup  of  palm-wine,  .and  every  time  he  drank, 
all  the  Blacks  there  prefent  clapped  tiieir 
h.inds,  in  token  of  n  fpeft  and  veneration. 

In  the  fpacc  betwixt  the  king  and  the 
U''hiU,  the  royal  interpreter  placeil  himfelf 
on  i)is  knees,  but  nearer  to  the  king ;  and 
an  o^tch  was  .adminiftrcd,  chat  he    would 


faithfully  fay  what  the  fybiUs  had  to  de- 
liver ;  the  manner  whereof  was :  The  in- 
terpreter rubb'd  one  hand  on  the  earth  fe- 
veral  times,  and  every  time  carry'd  it  to 
his  forehead  and  rubb'd  it  ;  after  which, 
he  took  one  of  the  king's  feet  in  his  hands,  Mmw  . 
Ipit  on  the  fole  thereof,  and  lick'd  it  with/*''"".* 
his  tongue.  This  formality  being  ended, 
the  interpreter  turn'd  himlelf  towards  CaJ' 
feneiiv;,  and  required  him  to  deliver  his  er- 
rand i  which  being  done,  he  interpreted  it 
to  the  king  in  his  own  tongue.  After  which, 
he  adjuded  the  price  of  flaves  •,  for  a  man 
eight  pieces,  for  thofc  the  prince  fliould  fell 
him  -,  and  but  feven  and  a  half  for  all  others 
had  of  private  perfons :  and  fix  and  a  half 
for  a  woman,  and  the  king  to  have  the 
fime  meafure  of  merchandize  as  all  other 
private  people,  which  is  four  fathom  to 
each  piece,  and  each  fithom  to  be  four 
foot  and  a  half  meafure.  This  done,  the 
king  toiil  him  he  was  well  plealed  the 
ll^'htlii  had  fettled  a  fadtory  xtGitaar;  and 
further  aflbr'd  him  there  were  many  flaves 
in  his  dominion.  CaJJ'iniuve  i)re(ente6\\\m 
with  two  fathom  ot  black  bafts  and  a 
cafe  ot  /liti.i-vit'e  v  which  he  received  very 
gladly,  and  fell  a  finging  fome  verlls  in 
his  language,  which  he  repeated  t  iree  times 
fuccelTivcly  5  at  each  repetition  the  Blaiki 
about  him  clapping  their  hands  as  before, 
to  teftify  their  approbation  of  his  fine  per- 
formances. The  king  caufed  Cajpneuve  to 
tafte  before  him  of  all  the  flaiks  of  the 
brandy  he  had  prefented  him,  as  is  their 
conffant  praflice  there,  when  they  offerany 
liquor,  or  lell  it  to  one  another,  to  tafte 
firlV  themfdves,  to  prevent  any  fufpicion  of 
poifon. 

After  tiie  audience,  he  walked  out  of  the 
town,  with  fome  of  the  king's  gentlemen, 
who  (hew'd  him  nine  or  ten  roads  about 
the  country,  leading  to  feverai  large  towns, 
all  plentifully  ftor'd  with  flaves  j  as  alfo 
the  high  way  to  the  kingdom  of  Congo,  by 
which  vail  quantities  of  flaves  are  yearly 
conduftetl  to  Cjihule ;  and  that  as  J'oon  as 
thofe  of  Covgo  fliould  be  inform'd,  as  it  is 
not  very  diftant  from  Zair,  that  the  IVhitcs 
had  a  fadlory  at  Giiaar,  they  would  im- 
mediately flock  to  it  from  many  parts  with 
their  captives,  to  fave  them  the  fatigue  of 
a  journey  to  Cabindf,  which  lies  five  and 
twenty  or  thirty  leagues  farther  down- 
wards at  the  fta-lhore. 

Thetwenty-feventh  twoof  the  fl/at/t  fer- 
vants  of  the  faftory  at  Giiaar  came  to  Zair, 
and  reported  that  the  under-ladlor  thire, 
had  received  an  order  from  Mr.  Baikt  and 
the  captain,  to  leave  the  fadoiy,  and  carry 
all  the  goods  away  down  to  the  I'hip,  which 
waited  only  for  their  coming,  in  ordirto 
fail  out  of  Cong  -river  ''or  Calnii/ti'.  wuere 
they  had  frefli  alFuranccs  of  g-ttir.^   li.-ir 

(.onipiinivnt 


^Voyage  »  Congo-River. 


?o7 


compliment  of  flaves  in  a  (hort  titiie;  which 
being  reported  to  the  king,  he  fent  two  of 
his  gentlemen  to  Cajpnetive,  to  know  the 
tnitli  of  the  report,  which  he  declinM  toan- 
fwer  pofitively,  fearing  fome  ill  confequences, 
after  the  agreement  he  had  juft  made  with 
him  the  day  before,  out  of  fpight  or  re- 
venge :  and  told  them,  the  under-  fadtorwas 
afoi;  of  lunatick  at  certain  times,  and  he 
could  not  rely  at  all  on  what  he  had  laid. 
About  eleven  a-dock  hesvaitedon  the  king, 
and  perfuaded  him  to  give  no  credit  towhit 
he  had  been  told,  about  breaking  up  tlie 
taftory  at  Gitaar,  and  after  that  took  his 
leave  of  him  in  order  to  repair  thither, 
taking  along  with  him  four  flaves,  viz.  a 
man,  a  woman,  and  two  boys,  the  king 
truiled  him  with,  to  be  paid  to  his  officers 
at  Gitaar:  but  having  found  many  incon- 
venient places  and  waters  to  pafs  through, 
as  he  came  up  to  Zair  a-foot,  being  ottdi 
oblig'd  to  be  let  on  fome  Blacks  lliouKlers 
to  pafs  thofe  waters,  he  caufed  himfelf  to 
be  carried  in  a  hammock,  to  the  neareft 
landing-place  in  Zair  river,  being  attended 
ail  the  way  by  three  gentlemen  on  the  part 
of  the  king;  and  the  (laves  condudted  a-foot, 
by  Ibme  Black  fervants  •,  who  being  all  come 
to  the  place  where  the  canoes  had  fet  him 
afhore  at  his  coming  up,  they  were  by  the 
fame  carried  down  to  Grtd^r  creek,  and  ar- 
riv'd  at  the  factory  about  (even  in  the  even- 
ing ;  wiiere  there  were  but  two  flaves  bouglit 
fince  his  departure. 

As  it  is  the  ufual  cuftom  among  Europeans 
that  buy  flaves  in  /Africa,  to  examine  each 
limb,  to  know  whether  found  or  not  -,  the 
king  of  Zair  obferving  Cajpneuve  thus  try- 
ing the  four  flaves  he  had  fold  him,  burlt 
out  a  laughing,  as  did  likewife  the  great  men 
that  were  about  him.  Heaflc'dthe  interpre- 
ter what  was  the  occaflon  of  their  lauglittr, 
and  was  anfwer'd,  it  proceeded  from  his 
(b  nicely  viewing  the  poor  flaves  ;  but  that 
iiowever,  the  king  and  his  attendants  wee 
lo  miich  aflumed  of  it,  that  he  requir'd  him, 
tor  decency  fake,  to  do  it  in  a  private  place: 
which  fhuws  thofe  Blacks  are  very  modell. 

The  undcr-fa(fkor  having  ihewn  Caffeneuve 
tiie  orders  come  from  on  board  fhip  to  break 
up  the  failory  forthwith  ;  they  refolved  to 
execute  it  that  very  night,  while  the  Blacks 
were  aflcep.  Accordingly  at  midnight  they 
caufed  their  goods  to  be  carried  out  in 
fmall  parcels,  thro'  the  roof  of  the  houfe, 
which  was  all  of  apiece,  and  fupportedonly 
by  forked  poles,  to  the  pinnace  in  the  creek  •, 
and  as  all  this  could  not  be  done  without 
the  knowledge  of  our  Black  lervants,  and 
they  had  alarm'd  all  the  people  of  Gitaar, 
on  account  of  our  defign  to  leave  the  place  ; 
and  levcral  being  come  to  the  factory,  we 
app-afed  them  as  well  as  we  could,  by  tel- 
ling them  wj  had  no  fjch  defign  as  they  fuf- 


pedled,   and    fo  went   away  each    to   hisBARBoT- 
home  ;  and  at  break  of  day  we  had  the  reft  ^'^V^' 
of  the  goods  carried  to  the  pinnace,  leaving 
only  as  much  there  as  would  pay  the  rent 
of  the  houfe,  anti  our  Black  fervants  wages 
for  a  month,  tho'  we  had  kept  it  but  a  week. 

We  alfo  left  there  the  four  flaves  brought 
down  the  day  before  from  Zair,  becaufe  we 
had  not  paid  for  them  i  and  fo  ordering  two 
IVbite  men  in  the  pinnace  to  carry  it  oat  of 
the  creek,  for  fear  if  we  had  all  gone  in  it, 
the  Blacks  might  have  fired  at  us,  through 
the  fhrubs  that  cover  the  creek  on  each  fide  ; 
and  :he  fadtors,  with  foinc  more  IVhhes  in 
arms  walk'd  along  tlu:  banks  of  the  creek 
as  a  guard  to  it.  till  being  come  to  a  point 
that  is  di  y  at  low  water,  thev  all  got  into 
the  pinnace,  and  lb  proceeded  unmoleltei! 
aboard,  where  they  arriv'd  at  one  in  the 
aliernoon,  to  the  great  fatisfaftion  of  our 
fuperiors,  who  t'ear'd  we  might  iiave  been 
all  cut  in  pieces  by  the  Blacks  in  this  at- 
tempt. 

Mr.  CaJfineiiVi'%  journal  goes  on  thus. 

Whilft  I  was  at  Ziiir  town,  I  was  ufed  with  civility  of 
abundance  of  civility  by    the  Blacks,  and''''^'"'^' 
vifited  by  mofl  of  tlie  grandees  about  the 
court,  each  prefenting  me,  Ibme  a  chicken,- 
fome  bananas,  another  a  calabafli  of  palm- 
wine,  i^c.  and  had  befuies  a  hen  boil'd  at 
every  meal  -,  of  which  I  eat  the  wings  and 
legs,  not  having  a  ftomach  for  the  reil,  as 
being  boil'd,  with  the  entrails,    as  ia  their 
fafhion. 

The  inhabitants  of  Zair  mind  nothing  but 
trading,  being  very  lazy,  and  according  to 
the  cuftom  of  the  country,  leave  all  other 
things  that  concern  houfe-keeping,  to  the 
care  of  their  wives  •,  who  therefore  are  pro- 
perly no  better  than  flaves  to  them  :  for 
they  muft  do  every  thing  at  home,  and  be- 
(ides,  till  the  ground,  low  corn  in  the  pro- 
per feafons,  get  in  the  harveft,  make  bread, 
drefs  viftuals  for  the  whole  family,  and  look 
after  their  children  and  hufbands-,  whilft: 
the  men  fit  and  club,  feveral  of  them 
together,  moft  of  the  day,  drinking  of 
palm-wine  i  the  women  not  daring  to  join 
them,  unlcfs  particularly  call'd  upon :  and 
when  fo  invited,  they  repair  to  them  in  a 
very  fubmifTive  pofture  ;  and  when  wine  is 
pre fented  them,  before  they  take  the  cup, 
or  return  it,  clap  their  hands  feveral  times, 
as  a  token  of  their  gratitude ;  and  never  re- 
ceive the  cup  otherwife  than  on  their  bended 
knees,  withdrawing  as  foon  as  they  have 
drank,  unlefs  commanded  to  ftay  longer. 

This  cuflom,  eftablifli'd  here,  and  at  moft 
other  parts  of  the  country,  is  taken  from 
other  ancient  nations  of  the  eaft  :  for  among 
the  Jews  in  former  times  we  read,  that  wo- 
men work'd  in  the  houfe,  making  clothes, 
drefTing  eatables,  grinding  the  corn,  as  is 
evident  from  St.  Lukt  xvii.  35.  Two  women 

Jhall 


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(■    1       I  I  .      •    '.  'it  t  , 

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'till 


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A  Voyage  to 


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f'l  i.lll! 


i.:'f- 


lV\Rii(vr7'!'.i//  he  griiiih>:i:[  in^ether,    the  one  Jlwll  be 

Vrf'V"^  tiikm,  and  the  olh'-r  irfl. 

The  liki'  in  i  Siimiid  viii.  i  {.  /Ind  hewiU 
take  vcur  d.iUiJ.Hcrf  to  he  conffchn»eri,  iiinl  to 
he  cooks,  lUiJtile  hikt's  ;  rpi-.\Uin<;  wli.it 
tin- k  111^5  til.' V  woulil  li.ivc  to  be  f;ivi.n  them, 
wouUI  ciowuli  tluiii,  .IS  till-  kiii[:,.  of  other 
nations  uk\l  to  lio  witli  their  peojik-. 

/tiiiiii,  the  mother  ot  Samuel,  made  h'un 
a  little  coal,  and  brought  it  to  biinf>om  year  to 
year,  ihid.u.  i<).  T'amar,  ii.ui!:,hier  ol  king 
Daiil,  look  the  e.ikes  wiiii  h  llie  h,ui  m.uie, 
anil  brouj'lit  them  into  the  ih.inibi.riOy/w- 
>io>i,  lier  brother,  i  .SV;;«.  xiii.  id.  Wc  lie 
in  Nomrr  tliei'X.iniplcsof  I'eiichf^^oi  Ca!\/ I'y, 
.iiui  Cirri-,  wc.ivinp;  cloth  .mil  linen  wi;h 
loom^.  I'he  like  is  fecn  in  ■['oiOiniiii,  in 
'T'crt'iue,  isc.  Anil  wh.it  is  more  ri  in.irk.ible 
i^,  tli.it  the  culloni  w.is  yet  kept  up  .it  Km/u', 
.uiion;!;  tin-  prim  ip.il  .mil  Ik  (I  ili|;nilieil  l.ii'ii-, 
though  in  . I  eorriipt  linie  ;  whilll  .///^.nrf'.i 
iilu.illy  wore  ( lot hus  ni  iile  by  hi'.  wi!i-,  hi^ 
filler,  .in'.l  his  >i.iiii.;luc;>.  See  ,S'./.'«  ;/;•?/.'' s  t-k- 
tciiinion  ot  .i  virtuous  woni.in,  /'/■.:■.  xx>;i. 
lo.  to  I'). 

The';-  woinei  iire  eh.ille  when  ni.uiii.'il, 
but  when  any  proUitutes  herlell,  it  is  in  the 
ininrM  luilh.uul's  power  to  put  her  .iw.iy, 
.iiiil  not  only  toileprive  her  ot  wh.it  <^ooils 
loever  he  m.iy  li.ive  emlow'il  her  bi  lore,  but 
.illi)  to  h.ive  ;i  tine  inipoleil  on  her  g.ill.tiit. 

Hirrij^,,.  1  he  m.irriagc-i  eremonies  here  are  foon  .iiiil 
pertoiin'cl  •,  tor  a  young  man  who  has  but  a 
yanl  ot  p.iinteil  eallieo,  or  other  linen,  to 
make  a  clout  lor  the  young  woni.in  he  ile- 
figns  to  marry,  ami  t'omcthiiig  to  buy  her  .i 
houte,  has  no  more  to  ilo  but  to  alk  her  ot 
iier  p.ueiits  or  rcl.itions,  and  his  rec|uetl  is 
i];r.uiieil.  .Some  who  can  earn  a  little  money 
.imong  the  H'hite',  take  a  priile  to  have  their 
wives  we.ir  another  clout  about  their  breall, 
hanging  over  tli.it  at  their  wait!.  The  wives 
ot  the  rich  or  ilignilied  BLuk>,  adorn  their 
.ums  .md  legs  with  bright  coppiT-ringsand 
armlet  •;  fex'eral  ot  which  weigh  t^n  pound 
apiece,  wliich  ischietly  the  reatbii  why  thele 
women  ul'ually  walk  very  flow,  and  in  .i 
tort  ol    llately  way. 

}vit,»h.  Wlicn  any  pertoii  here  dies,  his  family 
dcpofite  iiis  corps  under  a  lort  of  pavilion 
or  tent,  upheld  by  a  pole,  in  a  fitting 
{XJtlure,  with  a  tobacco-pijie  in  one  liand  •, 
l.iying  round  about  lii-n,  .ill  the  bell  goods 
and  utenfils  he  jwfllfled  in  his  life-time. 
Thither  all  his  relations  and  the  inhabitants 
of  the  town  or  village  repair  morning  and 
evening  about  the  pavillion,  walking  round 
it,  fighing  .mil  lamenting,  and  even  howling 
moll  intoleialily,  and  others  weeping  very 
bitterly  ;  and  the  aged  perfons  of  both  fexcs, 
but  more  commonly  the  old  women,  m.ike 
Ibme  dil'courfes  and  exhortations  fuitable  to 
the  occafion,  with  many  extr.ivag.intgcfturcs 
and  motions. 


Congo-River. 

I'.very  one  who   alfifts  at   this  fpeftade, 
brings  a  prefent    to  the  decealed,    which  is 
accounted  among  them   not  only  a  decency 
and  civility,  but  .illo  redounds  to  their  own 
Iio'iour  .md  reputation.      Tliele  prelents  con- 
fill   in    European   gooils,    fuch  as    tapleils, 
chiiits,  calicoes,  bl.ick  b.ilts,  nicanees,  isic, 
ot  whiih  one  gives  a  l.uhom  of  one  tort,  and 
another  ot  another  ;   which  they  wind  about 
the  dead  corps,    one  upon  another,  till  it, 
looks  monlbous,  like  a  meerluiiip  of  Hulls 
of  I'undry  Ipccies  and  colours,    roll'd   .ind 
pl.iiied   over  one  another  to  the  bulk  of  a 
l.irge  c.ilk.      riiisdone,  when  the  eorjis  be- 
gins  toiorrupt,    they   rub    this  luiiij)  with 
.1  reddilli  colour,  and  alterwards.  Hill  in  the 
f.ime  luting  pollure,    he  is  carried   to  his 
l.itl  home  :   but  as  1  li.ul  no  occafion  to  .ifhll 
at  lui  h  burials,  I  cm  t.iy  nothing  more  ot  it. 
d//;/.v«i'f  adds,   tli.it  it  griev'd  him  niueh 
tint    he  was  order'd  to    leave   this   pl.ice  lo 
luddenly  •,  not  only  becaule  he  had  ,ill  jiol- 
fiMe  probability  of  .i  britk  trade  lor  fl.ives 
.md  pioviiions,  but  alfo  beiautc  the  inli.ibi- 
tants    fliowM   him    abundance  of    civility. 
And  tor  the  fati^l.iclion  of  all  perfons  who 
hereafter  may  attempt  to  purchale  ll.iv.s  in 
the  great   river    '/.a:r  or  Con^o,  he  direded 
the  author  to  I'.r.iw  tlu  map   or  chart   of 
that  river,  as  here  .iiinex'd.     It  is  above  fixTL.uF : 
1. agues  broad  within  the  capes  or  points, 
.md  by  degrees  grows  narrower,  to  half  of 
that   bre tilth,    jutf  over-againlt   the   point 
Ciitaar,  at  the  conllux  of  the  river  that  goes 
towards  Z.n»  town,  lituated  fome  miles  from 
its  wclleni   fi-les,  being  .in  in.lili'erent  l.iige 
pl.ici',  of  I'esen   or  eight    hundred   l'.oule.>.  ; 
with  another  village  lying  near  to  the  river 
Z.;.T. 

i'hc  ro.ul  from  this  vill.ige  to  the  town  of 
Zair  is  very  incommodious,  by  realon  of 
the  many  ponds  and  brooks  lying  about  it, 
fomeofthem  two  or  three  toot  deep.  About 
half  way  are  fome  little  villages  .ind  li.iin- 
lets,  on  each  fule,  at  a  fm.dl  ditl.uice  troni 
the  road,  in  .in  open,  b.irren,  dry  country. 

At  the  vill.ige  of  Citaa';  the  king  of 
Coi{^o  has  a  collector,  to  receive  his  dues 
out  of  all  the  filli  caught  thereabouts  j 
the  ter'-itory  of  Ziir  being  tributary  to 
him.  The  reafon  that  oblig'd  us  to  bre.ik 
up  our  faClory  at  So/iio  was,  th;U  the  gentry 
there,  and  other  8a:k>  ot  note,  would 
have  the  fame  mealurc  of  our  commodities 
which  the  prince  liad  adjulled  with  us  for 
himfJf  alone;  .is  alfo  becaufe  the  prince, 
perhaps  to  pleafc  his  fubjcds,  and  bring  us 
to  their  terms,  fometimes  .dledg'd,  ne  w.is 
very  unwilling  to  let  us  have  any  of  his 
flaves,  becaule  we  were  no  ihrillians,  .mil 
that  he  was  .ifllirM  we  carried  them  into 
Jitrkey.  This  made  us  relblve  to  leave  that 
jilace,  and  try  wh.it  could  be  done  at  Bo- 
mangoy,  on  the  other  lidc  of  the  great  river 

Zair 


■  to  the  1  ivcr 


y^ Voyage  to  Congo-River. 


sop 


I,-;./,  1 


Zair,  before  we  would  fail  out  of  it  for  C<i- 
binde,  whtrc  we  had  a  better  profpeft  of 
getting  our  compliment. 

Purl'uant  to  this  refolution,  we  brought 
down  all  our  goods  from  Sonho,on  the  twenty 
third,  paying  all  our  charges  at  a  double 
rate,  as  well  as  anchorage,  and  foine  very 
iinreafonable  charges,  which  the  5Aif/tj  there 
extorted  from  us  liuough  Ipight,  feeing  we 
had  broke  up  our  faftory ;  but  they  being  an 
hundred  lo  one,  we  thought  it  prudence  to 
Iwallow  the  pill  calmly. 

'liie  town  of  Sonho  confifts  of  about  four 
hundred  houfes,  built  alter  the  country 
manner,  and  takes  up  a  large  compals  of 
•ground,  the  houles  being  buili  at  dillanie 
(rom  each  other,  in  a  llraggling,  irregular 
ni.inner.  h  lies  about  a  mile  inland  from 
the  end  of  the  rivi-r,  or  ratiier  creek  of 
Soiibo,  which  is  very  narrow,  and  coveiM 
all  along  the  banks  with  fmall  trees  and 
Ihrubs,  very  thick  and  dole  together  i  lo 
that  boats  cannot  well  pais  up  to  the  end  of 
ic,  near  StiiIjo  town. 

Our  faitory  Hood  on  a  rifing  ground  net 
far  from  it. 

The  inhabitants  here  are  generally  of  a 
middle  lldture,  and  have  commonly  h.uid- 
fouie  faces,  their  legs  antl  arms  fleiider  •,  lb 
very  crafty  and  cunning,  thai  it  is  impoffible 
to  deceive  them  ;  they  undi  rlland  the 
way  ot  meafuring  doth  .mtl  linen  lb  nicely, 
and  arc  fo  liifpicious,  that  when  we  meafure 
it,  they  conlfantly  obferve  us  with  fuch  at- 
tention, that  their  eyes  feem  to  pierce  into 
the  hearts  of  the// X;7(.'j,  and  often  can  le  us 
to  meafure  it  over  again  ;  and  in  their 
dealing  will  afk  often  double  the  price  of 
a  Have,  or  .\Lnfi,  and  llariil  two  hours  con- 
telling  to  have  .i  knife  or  two  above  the 
let  price. 

1  lovvevcr,  the  Eii^iiji)  and  D.  l:h  repair  of- 
ten hither  to  trade  for  flaves  and  elephant's 
teeth. 
i.  The  mod  current  European  goods,  in  our 
time,  were  thefe :  black  bays,  paper-brawls, 
brafsor  copper-bafons,  India  chints,  powder, 
mulkets,  coral,  Uc.  As  to  knives,  the  Eiiro- 
[eaiis  have  fo  ftored  them,  that  they  tlo  not 
care  for  any  more  at  prefcnt  •,  nor  even  for 
ivory  teeth.will  they  be  perfu..ded  to  take  any 
quantity,  as  they  did  in  former  times :  nor 
do  they  much  value  brandy,  in  fmall  cafes, 
which  heretofore  they  were  extremely  lond 
cf_ 

Towards  cape  Pailron,  on  the  fouth  fide 
of  the  great  river  Zair,  is  a  large  falt-pond, 
where  daily  all  the  woinen  of  an  adjacent 
vill  'ge,  lituated  in  the  center  of  the  wood, 
work  conllanily  at  making  ot  fait ;  which  is 
the  chief  miimenanceof  all  the  inhabitants 
of  that  part  of  the  country,  carrying  it  to 
inland  markets. 
Vol.    V. 


It  happen'd  on  the  fifteenth  of  September,  BMinnr. 
fay  the  authors  of  the  jc  urnals,  that  we  be-  V^^rf 
ing  afhore  on  Cbnppt  l-po'int,  with  nine  of 
our  men,  walking  about  to  feck  for  fome 
refreiLments,  Mr.  CaJJhieuVi;  with  two  other 
lybitei,  and  their  fervant  interpreter,  a  Black 
native  of  Za'tr,  having  walk'd  along  the 
water-fide,  lor  near  two  Englijh  miles,  they 
fpy'd  a  path  leading  to  tlie  wood,  which 
they  follow'd  tor  almolf  another  E»g!ijlj 
mile,  where  unexpededly  they  found  them- 
felves  near  the  before-mention'd  falt-pond, 
where  above  an  hundred  women  were  at 
work,  to  get  lalt  ;  who,  as  loon  as  they 
law  us,  lleil  iTiriekiug,  and  redoubled  their 
nolle,  feeing  us  purine  ihem,  as  we  did,  to 
lee  the  vill.'ge  at  the  end  of  the  brook  ; 
but  were  hinderM  by  above  two  hundred 
arm'd  Blacki  fallying  out  of  it  upon  us, 
fome  'ith  bows  and  arrows,  others  with 
didgels,  and  fome  with  mulkets  and  cut- 
l.ices;  the  muflieteers  clapping  the  muzzles 
ot  their  pieces  to  our  breails,  and  threaten- 
ing to  fhoot  us.  Cajfiincuve  fhow'il  them 
luch  toys  as  we  ufually  carry  to  thole  parts, 
but  to  no  purpofe. 

They  took  from  us  our  interpreter,    in 
order  to  have  him  punilli'd  for  conducing 
of  us  to  that  place.    Thus  were  we  forc'd  to 
turn  back,  leaving  the  intcr[ireter  to  their 
mercy  -,  and  being  <  ome  to  tlie  point,  where 
our  pinnace  waited  for  us,  found  there  above 
fifty  of  thofe  arm'd  fellows,  who  had  ufed 
us  lb  roughly    in  the  wood,  and  were  got 
thither  another  way,  to  fee  what  arms  we 
h.id  in  the  boat ;  and  finding  none,  abuled 
our  companions,  till  feeing  us  return,  they 
were  quiet.     We  alVur'ii   tluin  we  would 
complain  to  the  prince  of  Sonho,  which  we 
did  the  next  day,  and  both  he  and  the  Por- 
lii;{:!i'fc  father  tokl    us,   thele  were  a  fort  of 
wild  men,    who  ever  fince  fome  Eurorean  F.uropnn; 
fliips  had  carried  awav  feverulof  their  com- '','"/'"'' 
paiuons,  wouKl  never  be  reconcilei)    to,  or 
converfe  with  any  others ;  befidesj  that  they 
arc   very    jealous  of  their  wives:    but   the 
prince  added,  he  would  conunand  them  to 
rellore  the  Bind  interpreter.     It  is  very  reu- 
fonable  to  believe  the  women  lied  and  let 
up  fuch  cries,  upon  the  remembrance  ot  thofe 
EiiroieaHs,  who  had  tbrmerly  bafely  carried 
away  the  people  from  thofe  parts,  as  fearing 
the  fameul'age  from  us  -,  and  the  men  might 
very  well  be  upon  their  guard,  to  prevent 
what  they  jullly  apprehended. 

1  he  twi  nty  eighth  of  Sepliinler,  an  hour 
after  Mr.  Ca/^wtftwwasreturn'd  from  Zair, 
with  our  goods,  and  only  two  flaves  he  had 
purchalcd  there,  it  was  relolv'd,  before  we 
lail'd  for  the  bay  of  CMnde,  to  try  what 
trade  we  coidd  have  at  Bomangoy,  the  chief 
Banza  or  town  oi  Jii^oy,  on  the  north  fide 
of  the  Zair,  at  the  requelV  of  the  Blacks, 
t)  O  who 


m^^^'Bm 


^^ 


>■■" 


>,h  ■; 


11 


Pi, 


\\ 


^10 


A  Voyage  to  Congo-River. 


liii. 


Bar  nor.  who  now  and  then  came  abo.inl  to  follicite 
^^V^^  lis  to  fettli-  ;i  Uftory  there  ;  and  accijrdiiig- 
ly  Mr.  Crt^-«</(ri?  was  lent  thither,  with  our 
firit  mntc.  The  capfn  of  the  town  re- 
c<ivM  them  VI  ry  civilly  in  his  hout'e,  and 
atterwards  accompanied  tiiem  to  the  Man- 
gn-vi'  of  the  country,  with  whom  thi-ycon- 
Verfed  for  an  hour,  without  con(  luding  any 
thing.  F^c■  inlilKd  upon  high  culloms,  and 
no  lets  tor  hmilclf  than  eigiit  pieces  ;  for 
the  Manfoque  fix,  tor  the  MdrmheL-  fix, 
and  tor  the  toll  of  the  ladory  ihrce  pieces  ■, 
bcfidcs  twelve  other  pieces  to  two  other  ab- 
lent  officers  o(  Boman-^oy  ;  and  his  order  was, 
not  to  allow  any  more  than  three  pieces 
for  every  lirorc  offlaves  we  might  purchafe 
tlierc  •,  wliii  h  however  was  too  litile,  but 
five  to  twenty  had  been  reafonable  -,  and 
they  have  leldom  taken  lels  Tiius  wc 
\eh  /iiyintin^r.y^  and  arriv'd  aboard  the  twcn- 
ty-nimn  in  the  afternoon. 

Th"  thirtieth,  at  fix  in  the  mosning  we 
weigli'd,  and  let  lail  tor  Cdbin.l:-,  with  a 
lo'.ith  touch  wJl  wind,  fleering  north  and 
north  by  eall  upon  a  tack  ;  but  the  tidi- was 
li)  Iwitl,  tlut  the  helm  could  not  work  the 
fiiip  about  in  the  opening  of  the  river,  which 
lafied  till  noon,  when  we  came  in  fight  of 
the  breakings  north  ofCow^s river,  ofl'which 
we  were  then  about  two  miles  out,  having 
founded  all  the  while  in  eight,  nine  and  ten 
to  fifteen  fathom  water,  hard  landy  ground. 
Bi-tween  fix  and  feven  in  the  evening  we 
cart  anchor  in  eight  fathom  and  a  half, 
about  two  leagues  from  land,  fearing  to 
ovcr-fhoot  Cahhhic  in  the  night-time. 

All  the  coall  froin  Bimangoy  to  Cabuide 
is  foul,  being  full  of  (;inds,  tome  thooting 
out  to  fea  three  h  agues  weft,  but  leave  a 
channel  bttwixt  the  banks  and  the  fliore  for 
boats  anvl  floops  only. 

The  firft  of  Oclober  we  lail'd  at  fix  in 
the  morning,  with  a  gale  at  louth-welt  by 
Ibuth,  fleering  no  nearer  the  breakings 
th:in  on  levcn  and  fix  fathom  water,  till  we 
came  near  the  Ibuth  point  of  the  bay  of 
Cahinil^  ;  to  enter  which, we  rang'd  the  fouth 
Ihorc,  on  five,  four,  three  and  a  half,  and 
three  fathom,  and  through  an  overfight, 
came  into  fifteen  foot  water,  about  eleven 
a-clock,  when  we  dropp'd  anchor,  and 
moor'd  with  the  ftream-anchor,  out  to  fea, 
in  three  lathom  water  ;  having  the  point  of 
the  bay  aforefaid,  at  weft  of  us  ;  and  the 
land  toward'  Malimba  at  north,  about  fix 
or  t'even  leagues.  We  tired  five  guns,  as 
tifual,  to  falute  the  king  of  Angny ;  from 
whom  fome  fervants  came  aboard,  to  know 
whether  it  was  the  fame  ftiip  tha:  had  been  tor 
fome  time  at  Soiiho  \  and  to  acquaint  Us,  they 
had  a  great  number  of  fiaves  at  hand,  if  we 
would  fettle  a  fadtory  afhore,  and  pay  the 
cuftoms,  we  fiioidd  be  welcome.  Towards 
night  they  return'd  to  their  prince,  with  our 


anfwer,  that  we  did  defign  to  try  what  they 
reported  i  and  had  not  the  captain  been  fick, 
he  would  have  waited  on  him  in  perfcn  that 
very  inltant. 

We  found  in  Cab'mile  road,  a  little  Eng- 
lift)  fhip,  having  a  hundred  and  twenty 
n.ives  aboard,  and  was  to  compleat  its  car- 
go, to  two  hundred  and  fifty.  The  Dutch 
interloper,  that  was  there  when  the  captain 
firft  went  to  dibtnile,  had  fince  been  carry'd 
away  as  prize,  by  another  belonging  to  the 
Duich  H'ljf- fihlia  company. 

The  third  of  Oi'hjb  r,  we  adjufted  with 
the  king's  officers  for  the  cuttoms,  which 
we  paid  in  this  manner. 

Pieces  of  lundry  torts  of  goods. 
For  the  king's  cuftoins       

Th.ll   of   M<Ulfr)UCO  — — 

P'or  the  Miinchms  . 

For  Miifiico  Md'ctKo         

For  Miinalu'U        

Th;  forty  leven  pieces  paid  to  the  king, 
confil  ing  ofi 

'TapJ.i'ii  iiolland,  piece  t 

A)inah:iffes       -——        —        —         lo 

Nic.ui:-ts  holland         i 

Black  bafts  holland  >  i 

PintMloes  holland        •  —        i 

Cafe  of  fpirits         —  -  -  i 

Paper,  Slejj.t         — ^—         —  i 

Brats  pan         -  i 

Knives,  ilozen         —  —  2 

F'our  fticks  of  fcarkt,  at  twenty-nine  7 

inches  fer  ftick  j  ^ 

Six  fticks  black  bafts,  at  twenty-nine  7  ^ 

inches  per  ftick  J 

Half  caie  of  fpirits  fine         2 

Powder  barrels  —  —  4 

Mufkets         —         —      2 

piece  I 


47         P'l'/Vl  4i 

'7 
«7 

'7 


Coral  ftring,        


47 


And  fo  proportionably,  of  the  fime  fpecies 
of  goods,  tor  the  tees  of  the  officers ;  as 
abo\'e  laiil. 

The  fourth,  we  began  to  fend  goo  Is  a- 
fhore,  to  tittle  our  fadory,  paying  hetore- 
hand  five  pieces  for  the  rent  of  the  houfe, 
for  all  the  time  we  might  keep  it  ;  and  Mr. 
Barlot,  alTifted  by  two  li'bflfi,  gave  con- 
ftant  attendance  there.  Befi.les  the  BLck 
fervants  we  had  hired  to  afTift  him,  the  king 
g.ive  us  two  of  his  own,  and  each  of  the 
before-named  officers  one  ;  being  in  all  ten 
or  eleven  gromettocs  or  hired  nun,  to 
whom  we  are  to  pay  one  fathom  in  goods 
per  week  for  all  of  them,  to  buy  their  pro- 
vifions ;  and  when  we  fhill  break  up  the 
fadtory,  each  lervant  is  to  have  three  pieces 
of  goods :  one  of  them  is  to  fcrve  for  an 
interpreter,  and  is  befides  imploy'd  to  keep 
off  the  mob,  from  infulting  us.  This  is 
pradtilcd  commonly  here,  as  well  as  at 
Zair. 

We 


y  what  they 
in  been  fick, 
n  pcrfon  ihac 

a  little  Eng- 
and  twenty 
jleat  its  car- 
'  The  Dutch 
n  the  captain 
been  carry'd 
)r)ging  to  the 

idjufted  with 
[toms,  which 


ods. 


P'l.'ii'l  4i 


-  47 

-  31 
'7 

-  '7 

'7 

1  to  the  king, 

piece  I 

—  lO 

I 

-  I 

-  I 

2 

ity-ninc7 

i  ^ 
ty-nme  7  ^ 


piece  I 

47 

:  fame  fpecics 
offi.:ers  ;  as 

fend  goo  k  a- 
ying  bctore- 

ot  the  hoiife, 
It  ;  and  Mr. 
S  gave  con- 
ies the   Bl :ck 

him,  tiie  king 
each  of  the 
ng  in  all  ten 
eil    men,    to 

lom  in  goods 

buy  their  pvo- 

buak  up  the 
■  three  pieces 
lerve  for  an 
loy'd  to  keep 
us.    This  is 

as  well  as  at 


?, 


We 


y^  Voyage  to  Congo-River. 


9" 


We  did  not  adjuft  a  fetileil  price  for  the 

flaves,  as  is  cuftomary  at  S^ubo  and  Zair, 

but   bargain'd    daily    wiih   the  owners   of 

tiicm,  as  tliey  were  brought  either  aboard 

the  (hii>  or  the  fadlory  ;  fending  alfo  along 

the  bay,  Ibme  goods  in  tiie  boat,  to  trade 

with  tiie  inhabitants  of  the  ailjacent  villages: 

fo  that  Mr.  Cajfeneuve,  who  had  the  care  of 

the  CDinmerce  in  the  bay,  and  .iboard  fhip, 

bouglit  forty-five  flaves,  from  tlie  feventh 

of  O.tnlhr,  to  the  fevenieeiith  of  NoVtmbcr. 

The  twenty-ninth,  he  was  fent  to  take  care 

of  the  f.iftory,  Mr.  Btuhoi  being  fu k  -,  where 

he  purchafi  il  to  the  fixteenth  of  Dccemhi-r, 

foriy-eight   flaves,    making   in  all    nintty- 

tluee,  VIZ.  fixty-five  men,  fixtcen  women, 

nine  boys  and  three  girls,  for  feven  hunJred 

li.venty-i)iie    pieces   of  fundry   goods,    the 

lirft  coll  whereof  upon  invoice,    .uiiountci 

to   three   luiiuircd   tcventy-two   pounds  (ix 

rtiillings  fix-pence  llerling  ;  .iiid  fo  anvniin- 

cd  to  four  pound  fterling  a  head,  one  with 

the  other. 

.,;  ii(J     The  particular  goods  were,  Aiinabajf-!, 

■■"■"•    brafs  bafons,  mufkets,  powiler,  black  bairs, 

Ta/'Jiils,  Piiiluikc's,  G'((W(Vi  Hulls  paper  ll'j- 

fia,    Niutiii-t'S,    knives  but  a  few,    fcarlei, 

coral,    cafes  of  fpirits,    bl.uk  b.iys,    blaik 

beads,    pewter  bafons,    fpoons  of  dillo ;  of 

tliefe  feven  laft  mention'd  lorts,  but  very 

few. 

Alter  tliis  they  were  oblig'd  to  give  one 
piece  more  for  a  flave  than  before,  becaule 
the  B!.7ik>  faw  five  other  l-jr^!ij/j  fhi|is  come 
one  after  another,  in  the  fpace  of  eight  or 
nine  days  time,  to  purchafe  fi.ives  .iiid  ele- 
phants teeth  1  and  therefore  brought  no 
more  flaves  to  the  f.idory,  but  obligM  us 
to  give  them  ten  pieces  for  a  man,  and  nine 
for  a  wom.in.  But  by  good  fortune,  wc 
lud  then  got  our  complimi.nt  within  thir- 
ty or  tliirty-five  flaves:  which  we  hid  f)(in 
after,  and  in  all  aboaril,  four  hundred  fe- 
venrcen  men,  women,  boys  and  girN. 

Being  fhort  of  provifions  for  our  flave?, 
we  bought  a  luinilred  balkets  ot  In.hau 
wheat,  tho'  at  an  exeeffive  dear  rate,  viz. 
at  one  piece  of  our  bell  forts  of  goo.ls,  br.ifs 
bafons  .ind  Jniiabajf,',  of  an  Ewi'.ijh  cx\>i\\n 
E'if  >d,  necefTuy  Inving  no  l.iw  ;  which  we 
fetcli'd  aboard  the  thirty-fiift  of  Dt:i'ml>'r. 
Mr.  Cajjhieiivf  being  ill  fince  the  fixteenth 
of  Diiembcr,  as  was  Mr  Barkt  b.  fore  him, 
their  journals  contain  but  a  very  fltort  ac- 
count of  this  country  ;uid  of  the  trade 
there.  What  they  obferv'd,  may  be  re- 
duc'd  to  thi'  following  account. 
huikm.  J.()i-  the  better  underftaiiding  of  the  mea- 
fure  uled  here,  to  value  Eiiro/rdn  goods  in 
trade  ;  wc  muft  obferve,  that  it  confilh  of 
three  forts,  call'd  a  piece,  a  fathom,  and  a 
ftick.  The  ftick  is  eighteen  inches  ;  three 
Ricks  are  accounted  a  fathom,  and  four  fa- 
thom make  what  is  here  call'd  a  piece. 


The  rare  of  flaves  is  iinffrtain,    as  de-BAi»BoT 
pending  on  the  fc.ircity  or  plenty  of  them,  •■^V^^ 
and  the  number  of  foreign    Ihips   trading 
there  together. 

We  ellcem  flaves  here  at  a  rcafonablcpnV* «/ 
price,  when  tliey  are  at  feven  or  eight  pieces/'*^"' 
a  man,  and   fix  or  feven  a  woman,   InJiaii 
piece,   as  the  t'lciuh  llile  it. 

Many  of  the  Bliuki  of  Cttbin.U,  who 
ilwell  near  the  fhnre,  I'pe.ik  lome  l:i"i'tlh, 
and  are  commonlv  e.iU'd  Puruhiori,  bein" 
.1  lort  of  hrokirs  U)  tiie  natives  up  the  in 
land,  to  whom  iliey  repair,  when  any  Ihips 
,ire  in  the  bay,  .ind  bring  merchan:s  ilown 
aboard  or  to  the  f.ictory,  and  there  uliiiilv 
buy  ..ml  leil  for  ihem  •,  but  very  otten  takin*^ 
■.dv.intage  ut  iheir  not  unvlerihiiiding  Eiij(- 
/;,,/•,  m,i;e  them  p,iy  a  piece,  .iiuilo!niti:ni'i 
two,  ab()Ve  iIk-  pri.c  ihev  lontritt  forwiih 
h.tircp.ans,  wlikh  they  ft  tch  otV  afi-r  tliey 
are  gone  iiome  :!g,iin  :  for  here,  as  well  as  at 
the  Cinlil  Cu.ijl  of  diiiii-:!,  tlie  factors  niiifl 
in  fome  m.uiner  wink  at  tlu-ir  kn.ivery,  in 
order  10  forw.ird  their  conim  rce. 

The  bay  ot  C,':  ■n,i,'   Iks  v;tv  convenient 
for  trade,  vvooilin;'  and 


,1, 


waterin;;,  on  die, 
lea-fliore;  it  i- iii  lome  phvPS  niarlliy  ground 
anil  lilt,  but  rdi.ig  gr.ulu.illy  to  .ibout  three 
Engifh  miles  up  the  land,  and  then  forms 
it  felf  intoa  riilge  of  hillocks,  llretchingo  it 
in  length  ;  on  the  afci.nt  of  which  is  fiuiatcd, 
the  king  of  ,/u^''iy\  father's  town.  This 
man,jull  at  tiie  footofthofe  hillocks,  con- 
llanily  keeps  ,i  Hock  ofwooti,  in  piles  rea- 
dy cut,  to  k-ll  to  loreign  Ihips  .it  ;i  rc.ilona- 
ble  rate,  ,i:id  will  get  it  carry'd  to  the 
beach  atccrw.irds,  to  be  (liip'd  oil'. 

From  thole  wood-piles  to  Ibuth-wefi:  a- 
long  the  b.iy ,  lie  levetal  fir  legliiig  lilhermena 
huts,  on  each  fide  of  a  little  trelh-w.uer 
river,  tint  fills  into  the  lea  of  the  b.iv. 
■["hence  we  tctch'Li  all  our  trelli-water,  roll- 
ing the  c.h.<s  a-crofi  over  flu-  b  -achy  point 
of  the  mouth  of  it,  to  (ill  them,  :inJ  re- 
lurii'd  them  full  the  fame  way,  to  fliip  olf 
in  our  bo.its  at  that  beach,  not  f.ir  to  the 
call  ward  ol  iliero.id  lying  near  the  Ihorc. 

The  fiftory  flood  to  the  fouth-welt  of 
the  ro.ul,  at  foine  dillance,  and  iiorih-eafl: 
from  the  vill.ige  Ctibimle,  which  lies  on  the 
round  point  of  the  bay,  looking  to  the  well. 
The  Buhki  filh  here  at  the  beach  with 
drag-nets,  as  alio  in  the  bay  -,  and  have 
good  lloie  of  ii(h. 

The  Irelli  river  is  only  to  lie  enter'd  with 
a  yaul,  carrying  a  calk  or  two,  but  it  mull 
be  jult  at  full  flood. 

As  to  the  country,  in  feveral  places  it 
lies  barren,  the  B'a<k.>  being  naturally  very 
la/.y  in  point  of  tilling  and  lowing-,  tho' 
the  foil  is  very  good.  For  which  reafon, 
provifions  are  often  very  fc.irce,  but  lome 
other  times,  when  there  are  few  foreign 
fliips  in  the  load,  they  may  be  had  at  rea- 
fynable  rates.  They 


CUr.Jt: 


'  ?  411  tM 


I    !, 


t!  ::'| 


rtll'!'' 


'^   !,  1.1' 


•  ■n  ":'.i'  t 


?ii 


A  Voyage  to  Congo-River. 


,(■'■ 


Iri . 


m^^:.: 


Baruoi-  They  have  no  c.\ttlf  excepc  fome  hogs, 
^■''V^' of  ;i  iniJille  ''zc,  wliich  art  commonly  fold 
.u  two  or  tiirct-  t.ithoni  a  head ;  but  poultry, 
t  Ipeti.illy  ( liickeni,  .ire  plenty  enough  : 
tliey  have  alio  parrots  to  he  had  lor  three 
or  lour  knives  a-piecc  ;  and  a  monkey  for 
hall'  a  piece,  and  romitinus  for  Ids.  Mr. 
C,\ Ifi'iu-tiv-:  lays,  he  law  at  CabuhU  a  fort  of 
baboon,  that  had  been  brought  down  from 
above  an  hundred  leagues  up  the  inland 
country,  which  much  rekmbled  a  human 
creature,  his  head  and  fice  bring  like  an 
old  woman's.  It  hail  long  hair  on  the 
back,  hut  none  at  all  on  its  hands  and  feet  ; 
and  when  it  cried,  it  was  hard  to  dillinguilh 
the  noile   from   that   of  a  child. 

"  The  kinj;dom  of //wgoAi,  or  Bongo,  pro- 
"  duces  ni.uiy  fuch  extraordinary   apes    in 
"  the  woods  •,  they  arc  call'd  by  the  /i'ad's 
*'    .'i^iojiii    Morrozv,     and   by    the    liiJijus 
"  Or,//;^^    rtiit.tn^,   that  is,   liityis,  or  wood- 
"  men.    They  are  alio  lountl  in  the  country 
"  of  the  y^i'^jas,  as  I  have  <jblervcd  in  the 
"  iiel'crii>tioii  of  (jidiiea,  to  which  I  refer 
"  for  the  reprefentation  of  this  animal.    I 
•'  fli.'.ll  only  add,  that  lome  of  them   have 
•'  been  brought  over   into  Eurofr,    and  I 
"  have  feen  oni."  in  LohJoii,  publii  kly  lliow'd 
"  behind  the  Koxa!  lixcbange  ;  which  when 
"  it  di.'.nk,  lifted  up  the  cover  of  the  cann 
"  with  one  hand,  and  afterwards  wipcJ  the 
"  wet  fror.':  its  lips,    with  a  fingular  dexte- 
*'  rity  i  it  laid  itielf  to  deep,  with  itsheadon 
"  acufliiouiand  covcretl  the  body  over  with 
"  clothes  very  decently  ;   and  when  indif- 
"  poled,     held  one  hand  very   lundfomely 
"  on    its  fori  head,    fo  that  it  might  have 
"  been  taken  for  a  man,   and  would  point 
"  wliere  hisdiflcmper  lay  ;  it  groaned  like 
•'  a  man,  that  is  troubled  with  an   intolera- 
"  ble  head -ach :  foon  after  it  dieil  there.  The 
"  biiiks  in  Guinea  and  Anpla  fancy,    this 
•'  belli  is  ot  human  mixture  with  an  ape  ; 
"  'tis  neither  lat  nor  flender,    but  well  fet, 
"  and  proportioned,  and  very  nimble,  with 
*'  black  hair  on  the  b,ick,   but  the  llom.ich 
"  and  belly  of  a  white  fkin. 

"  This  creature  feems  to  be  the  very 
"  fityr  of  the  ancients,  written  of  by 
"  P./wv,  and  others,  and  is  laid  to  fet  upon 
«'  women  in  the  woods;  and  fometimes  upon 
"  armed  men." 

For  the  fatisfaftion  of  travellers,  I  have 
annexed  fome  familiar  words  of  the  Angoy 
language,     Ipoken    at  Cibimie  ;     and  their 
numbers,  taken  out  of  the  faid  journals, 
bayi  fire 

houfe  umfo 

a  White  mondelle 

a  Black  fiotc 

a  knife  bile 

a  woman  inquinte 

a  iutlace  bele  tanfe 

a  mujket  tabonpoute 


a /hip 

combe 

(1  gun 

itendc 

to  lleep 

lala 

a  Jick  ptrfon 

bele 

to  Jriiik 

nova 

to  eat 

lea 

to  dance 

thyna 
cui-fa 

came  hither 

nunnees 

fanfefinginbe 

blue  bafls 

boulbonge 

black  bafts 

bondefiote 

a  powder  barrel 

pinpafoula 

piutadoes 

ibngeer 

fcarlet 

fina 

lapfeili 

mongolabalti 

paper-brawls 

longuemafagnc 

coral 

macolado 

GuinejL-fluJfs 

tofFo 

beads 

mefango 

black  bays 

bay  eta 

a  chicken 

foufou 

a  hen 

furfu 

a  goat 

incubu 

tobacco 

fumu 

a  young  lad 

mulechc 

N 

U  .M 

U  E  R  s. 

mofe 

1 

evoua 

9 

wale 

.2 

coumy 

10 

tatou 

3 

coumy  mofe 

II 

quina 

4 

coumy  wale 

12 

tano 

A 

coumy  tatou 

'3 

fambai 

6 

coumy  quina 

14 

lambou 

7 

coumy  tano 

'5 

in  nana 

8 

And  fo  of  the 

reft 

to  twenty,    whic 

h  is 

Macoumy-mofe  ;  twenty-one,  M.uoumy-mofe  ; 

twenty-two,  Mai 

oumy-wale,  iSc, 

I  fubjoin  here  fome  Conghefc  words,  taken 
out  of  Merolla,  for  the  benefit  of  tra- 
vellers. 


the  earth 

toto 

the  fire 

tubia 

the  water 

ma  fa 

a  mother 

eguandi 

a  fon  or  daughter 

muana 

afloop  or  fmack 

fomacca 

glafs-coral 

mifangas 

a  flajk 

moringo 

a  wooden  platter 

malonga 

a  pot,  or  pipkin 

chinfu 

a  governor 

mafucca 

a  garment 

modello 

a  man 

accala 

all  forts  offlefh  or 

m 

dongo 

a  cl''th  girt  about 
the  waift 

} 

eutaga 

eating 

guria 

tnillei-flower 
a  wild-cow 

fuba 

impamguazzc 

On  the  firft  day  of  January,  Caffeneuv^i 
journal  takes  notice  of  their  luilin<;  out  of 

Cabindi 


bv 
of 
the  , 
(fay.c 
on 

fome 
rify'( 
fing  I 


in  th( 

no 

loft 

eithe 

mafti 

deck 

day  \ 

tliey 

Have 

and! 

of 
V 


-.r.ii 


A  Voyage  to  Congo-River. 


?IJ 


Cthiiiiif  bay,  in  the  morninr;,  in  order  to 
proceed  to  Jiim.i::;i,  ami  tow.inis  night,  had 
pot  the  bay  at  (outli-cull  by  I'oiith,  about 
five  leagues  flillant  i  hinifelf,  the  fujier- 
cargo,  Mr.  B.irl'ot,  the  captain,  ■  and  ilie 
firil  mate,  with  fcvcra!  of  their  men  being 
ficl<,  and  havinr^  buried  here  and  at  lea,  fix 
of  their  crew  ami  tlie  tiiird  mate  i  tlic  air  of 
Ciil'iiiilc  being  very  unwhol';fome  :  which 
gave  an  opporiunity  to  the  flaves  aboarti  to 
revolt  on  the  fitth,   as  follows. 

About  one  in  the  afternoon,  after  dinner, 
we  according  to  cullom  caufed  them,  one 
by  one,  to  go  down  between  decks,  to  havj 
each  his  pint  of  water  j  moll  of  them  were 
yet  abo\c  deck,  many  of  them  provided 
with  knives,  which  we  had  indil'crectly  i^iven 
them  two  or  tlirce  day.  before,  as  not  luf- 
pedini;the  lealf  attempt  of  this  nature  iVom 
them  ;  others  had  pieces  of  irrm  they  h.i.l 
torn  off  (rom  our  fore-callie  door,  as  having 
premeditated  a  revolt,and  feeing  all  the  fnij/s 
company,  atbfllbut  vv'eak  and  many  quite 
lick  -,  they  had  alfo  broken  olVthe  fliackles 
from  feveral  of  their  companions  feet,  which 
fervcd  them,  as  well  as  billets  they  had  provi- 
ded themlelveswith,  and  all  other  things  they 
coukl  lay  hands  on,  whicli  they  imagin'd 
might  be  of  life  for  their  enterprize.  Thus 
arm'tl,  they  fell  in  crouds  and  parcels  on 
our  mvn,  upon  the  detk  unawares,  and 
ilabb'd  one  of  the  ftouiell  of  us  all,  who 
receiv'd  fourteen  or  fifteen  wounds  of  their 
knives,  and  fo  expir'd.  Next  they  afT.uiked 
our  boatl'wain,  and  cut  one  of  his  legs  lo 
round  the  bone,  that  he  could  not  move, 
tiic  nerves  being  cut  through  v  others  cut 
01'-  cook's  throat  to  the  pipe,  and  others 
wounded  three  of  the  liiilors,  and  threw  one 
of  them  over-board  in  that  condition,  from 
thefore-caltle  into  the  Tea  ;  who,  however, 
by  good  providence,  got  hold  of  thebowlin 
of  the  fore-(ail,  and  liiv'd  himfelf,  along 
the  lower  wale  of  the  quarter-deck,  where, 
(fays  Cnjpneuve)  we  flood  in  arms,  filing 
on  the  revolted  flaves,  of  whom  we  kill'd 
fome,  and  wounded  many  :  which  fo  ter- 
rify'd  the  reft,  that  they  gave  way,  difper- 
fmg  themfelves  fbme  one  way  and  fome  a- 
notlier  between  decks,  and  under  the  fore- 
callle ;  and  many  of  the  moll  mutinous, 
leapt  over  board,  and  drown'd  themfelves 
in  the  ocean  with  much  refolution,  fliewing 
no  manner  of  concern  for  life.  Thus  we 
loft  twenty  feven  or  twenty  eight  flaves, 
either  kill'd  by  us,  or  drown'd  •,  and  having 
marter'd  them,  caufed  all  to  go  betwixt 
decks,  giving  them  good  words.  The  next 
day  we  had  them  all  again  upon  deck,  where 
they  unanimoully  declar'd,  the  Maibomhe 
flaves  had  been  the  contrivers  of  the  mutiny, 
and  for  an  example  we  caufed  about  thirty 
of   the  ringleaders   to  be  very  fevercly 

Vol..  V. 


whipt  by   all  our  men  that  were  capable  Bar  hot. 
of  doing  that  office.  \^sf^ 

I  fliall  conclude  the  abftraS  of  thejournals, 
of  tlut  voyage  to  Congo  and  Cnbiiule,  with 
fome  particular  oblervations,  on  the  nature 
of  the  merchandize  then  of  moll  demand 
at  Ciibiiiih;  at  the  latter  end  ut  the  year 
1700,  anil  of  thecuftom  of  mf-aluring  and 
accounting  them  after  the  minncr  of  the 
HLwki  there  •,  which  I  found  noted  in  Mr. 
B.trb'jt\  |iocketbook,  fent  \\ome  loLoiidov. 
with  his  trunks  from  flarij^/scj,  afterhisde- 
ceaf'c  there. 

Blue-bafts,  a  piece  containing  fix  yards, g>X  /.» 
and  of  a  deep,  almoft  black  colour-,  and  13 '"'^'  "'"' 
iiiealur'd  either  with  a  ftickof  twenty  feven'*'""**"'"' 
inches,  of  which  eight  flicks  make  a  piece  i 
or  i>y  a  lefler  ftick,  of  eighteen  inches  long,  • 

twelve  ot  which  are  accounted  a  piece. 

Guinea  ftu.Ts,  two  pieces  make  a  piece. 

Taplcils.have  the  fame  nieafurc  as  bluc- 
b.it'ts. 

Nicanees,  the  fame  meafure. 

Black-bays,  two  yards  and  a  half  for  a 
piece,  meafured  by  five  flicks  of  eighteen 
inches  each. 

Annabajfi:!,  ten  to  the  piece. 

I'aintecTcallicoes,  fix  yards  to  a  piece. 

Blue-paper  Skfi.i,  one  piece,  for  the  piece. 

Scarlet,  one  ftick  of  eighteen  inches,  or 
half  a  yard,  is  accounted  a  piece. 

Mulliets,  one  for  a  piece. 

Powder,  the  barrel  or  rundlet  of  feven 
pounds  goes  for  a  piece. 

Brafs-bafons,  ten  to  the  piece:  we  carry 
thither  the  largcft. 

Fewter-balbns,  of  four,  three,  two,  and 
one  pound,  the  N".  4.  goes  four  to  the  piece  i 
and  thole  of  one  pound,  eight  to  a  niece. 

Blue-perpetuanas  are  become  but  of  late 
in  great  demand  ;  they  are  meafured  as 
blue  bafts,  fix  yards  making  the  piece. 

Dutch  cutlaces  are  the  moll  valued  be- 
caufe  they  has'e  two  edges;  two  fucii  go 
for  a  piece. 

Coral,  the  biggeft  and  largeft  is  mucli 
more  acceptable  here,  than  fmall  coral, 
which  the  Blacks  value  fo  little,  that  they 
will  hardly  look  on  it;  ufually  one  ounce 
and  a  half  is  computed  apiece. 

Knives,  with  horn  hafls,  the  blade  very 
broad  and  long,  twenty  four  to  a  piece. 

Memorandum :  A  whole  piece  of  blue- 
bafts  contains  commonly  eighteen  yards 
and  a  half ;  however  fome  are  Ihorter,  others 
exceed. 

Pintadoes  commonly  contain  nine  ot 
nine  yards  and  a  half  the  piece. 

I'apj'eils,  the  piece  ufually  holds  fifteen 
yards. 

Nicanees,  the  piece  is  nine  or  mc  yardj 
and  a  half  long. 
Thus  far  the  journals. 

6P  To 


:  I. 


^  Ni  ' 


ii|.         ■  'i  ■.'! 


. .  ■  ^ 

J  ;■  I" 


S-'-\i 


.1 '  .■■ii' 


\i 


^ ^,^  I 


'^i;;i>  \\w'' '''■ ; 


irsija: 


S^M 


A  Voyage  to  Congo-River. 


t\ 


ii  1 


w- . 


•u  \ 


V\ 


nARHiiT.     To  COiii^Uido  the  lick  rijHion  of  the  king- 

^^^V^^ilom  of  Con^o^   I  will  ailil  I'omcihing  con- 

tirnin^   the  proviiRc  of   Poiiiho,    ami    liic 

ni'ighlioiiiiinjii.iiinii.i.lKc.iuli;  ol  tht-  tragic  lin; 

Purtuguej'e  ;ind Blackt  h.ivc  in  tiiofc counirics. 

'T'l  nScoimtry  liis al'.ove ,in hunclrcil leagues 
*  from  the  ka-coall.  Some  divicL /'«/«;'c; 
intofcvtral  k.int;ilonis  •,  cxieiuliiig  as  \.\r  as  a 
great  lake,  between  both  tlie  fea^  i  but  the 
ceitiin  fituation  of  this  lake  is  altogether 
unknown,  as  having  never  been  feen  by 
any //''!';.'■■ ;  only  the  y'o'r/^_<"'7t'' tell  us  that 
a  certain  KjIJc  cf  Muj'.iwi'ii]iic',w\\o  travelleii 
a-erofs  the  main  laml  fromiV//u/u  to  .IhgoLi, 
liafleil  by  it. 

Both  the  rctiuxueff  ami  Bfiu^s  wlio  live 
in  Lo.iv^o,  Congo,  and  LoauMiS.  Pm:o,  drive 
a  great  trade  here,  by  their  fervants  and 
flaves,  lent  with  mereiiandi/e  i  who  lor 
Haves,  elejihant's  teeth,  and  l\iM'js-f.im;  oi, 
^\vL'C.iii!'\,  .\Li.':i^:i,  and  .U;  '  r./ wines, 
•,reat  rj']iIio<,  iioxes,  ando'jiertomniodi-.iis, 
which  they  e  irry  to  ini.uid-maikcts,  l)y  the 
natives  tall'd  i^nloinia,  and  tiic  market- 
places  Poi'iro, 

ThelV  krvants,  call'd  Pomheiros,  have 
ollur  llave!)  under  them,  fometimes  a  luiii- 
lired,  ;.r  a  iiundredand  filty,  wiio  carry  the 
commodities  on  their  heads  uj)  into  tiie 
country,  as  has  been  betore  relateil. 

Sometimes  thole  Pombciroi  (lay  out  a 
whole  year,  and  then  bring  back  witii  them 
lour,  rive,  and  fix  hundred  new  flaves. 
Some  of  the  faith'ulieft:  remain  often  there, 
feniiing  what  flaves  they  buy  to  their  mailers, 
who  uturn  tiiem  other  commodities  to  trade 
with  a  new. 

The //7';Vcj  are  neceflltated  to  drive  their 
trade  alttr  this  manner,  bec.iufe  it  is  im- 
poffible  tor  them  to  go,  by  rcafon  ol  the 
badiiefs  of  the  ways  ;  and  to  unekrgo  lb 
great  hungir  and  trouble  as  attends  that 
lourney,  belides  the  unwhoLlomenefs  of 
the  air,  wiiich  caufes  extraordinary  fwellings 
in  the  heads  of  the  inius. 

Their  journey  from  the  fea-coaft  of /.o- 
ango  .md  LoMuiii  ifan  Paoh  to  Pcml'o,  is 
very  toilfome  to  the  Bi.uki  themfclves,  be- 
caule  there  are  many  rivers,  which  fome- 
rimes,  afttT  the  rain,  grow  fo  deep  i  but 
they  prevent  the  other  hazards  often  arifing 
from  the  barbarous  'J.igo!. 

This  province  is  fabjcd  to  the  great  M.i- 
koh,  beyond  Cor^o,  above  two  humhed 
leagues  -,  or,  as  others  fay,  two  hundred  and 
fifty  from  Loango  and  Congo,  lying  north- 
ward of  the  Zair.  The  inhabitants  bear  one 
general  name  of  jV/o«/''^i,  or  Mcti~:as,  being 
men-tatcf,  like  tlie  7''.?os  or  rather  them- 
fclves ihe  right  jfr.gos. 

In  A/oA  '/is  kept  a  great  market  of  (laves, 
whither  ^he  Porlugucfc  of  Loangj  fend  their 
J*pvweirof  with  merchandiidC,    wiio  foiiic- 


times  tarry  out  two  years  ■,  when  at  latl. 
having  bouglit  foiiu  flaves,  clepiiaiu's  teeUi, 
and  copper,  they  make  the  new-bought 
flaves  c.irry  all  on  their  heads  to  Loiiiigo .  I(> 
tiiat  they  are  at  no  ciiargei  to  bring  iluir 
biggeft  teeth  or  ci>p[Kr  out  of  the  country. 

The  trealure  and  riches  of  the  great  prince 
of  Makjki,  conlills  chiefly  in  flaves,  Siiiw;^ 
of  Lo.iiiJ.t,  Boijiei,  or  Caurit  ot  tlie  /v;//- 
liulii,  and  fome  cloths  ;  things  with  tlu 
li'b:!,i  of  a  fmall  value,  but  by  tiiein  e 
Oeem'd  above  the  bell  gold  or  diver. 

North-call  ol  M.ikuka  lies  thepriiicipalitv 
oi  ('itril/ii»ia,oi  Cinrxlomta,\.hc  king  where 
ot,  who  is  very  powerful,  lioi  Is  as  his  tri- 
butaries fifteen  other  great  lords  ;  but 
maintains  a  Arm    alliance    with    the  greai 

AlilkoKO. 

i'he  kingitom  of  i'ungnu  lies  on  tlie  rivers 
/..lir  aiKJ  C',i>igi',  eafl.v.ird  tit  Coi  ,li:  or 
Pomli'i  u'0\:  iir^o^  there  the /'.,r.'/(g ,•//<;,''  trade 
tor  llun'sand  baik,  ,is  I  haveoblerv'd  jierc- 
tutore.  Tins  lountry  of  i)itig<:no  lias  oh 
tlie  fouih  the  Mctidh  and  Jii^os,  a  vety 
brutilh  lavage  people;  and  on  the  north  tu' 
kingdom  ot  Mhoin,  or  .Id-uo,  with  tiie 
mart]uilates  of  Caiiiii  and  Cuiiv-fimgo. 

The  Ptrt-.r^ii,  ,  tr.i.le  here  t(>r  a  1,'w  flaves, 
chiefly  witlia  lort  of  Imall  clouts,  m  ide  of 
the  bark  ot  the  \/ii/i//;/i.-trec,  drawn  out 
long- ways. 

Tiiofe  clouts  the  Poitugiieft'  .always  ufe  at 
Loanda,  inllead  ot  money  -,  .md  every  thing 
may  be  had  in  the  markets  tor  them ;  nor 
ilo  the  P'jylugtirff  make  a  fmall  gain  of  them, 

■J'hi.y  cxtcml  their  trade  yet  farther  to 
the  kingdom  ol  MjiiiiiiUgo,  by  others  call'd 
Niint-.tmay,  whole  juriliiii'tion  extends  to 
the  boriiers  of  the  kingtlomsof  .\hmbiilti, 
^i^dloa,  S(.jJ.a,  t:V.  That  country  ofiV;- 
tneamjyc  abounds  in  gold,  filver,  copper, 
and  elephants  The  inhabitants  .ire  laid  to 
be  white-lkiu'il,  and  of  bugger  flature  th..ii 
the  £/(/-Y'''"''i  go  naked  on  the  upper  part 
of  their  bodies,  but  over  their  nether  parts 
wear  filk  <<r  eotloii.  The  corridled  obler- 
vations  ol  mellieurs  of  the  royal  foeieties  of 
L'liidon  ami  Parii,  name  this  kingdom  A'l- 
mfiimalh;  or  Munoemng: ;  the  inh.ibitanrs 
whereof  live  in  tents  by  liords,  difpers'd 
and  wandering  .ibout  fro  n  place  to  place, 
like  /Jr.ibi  :  .md  it  is  probable  enough 
they  are  tor  the  mofl:  part  of  Jrabuk 
d>  fcent,  by  their  being  of  a  whitifli  com- 
plexion. 

The  dukedom  of  AmbidLi  or  Ambjilh; 
north-call  by  eaft  of  LouiuLt  Jc  S.  Paolo  in 


/-/;/, 


'Xoia, 


leveral  days 


ys    journey. 


hoi 


iubjedlion  above  fifteen  dominions,  whereof 
the  five  chiefelt  are  Miiluy  Nun^o  Pingne, 
Iloiqtfjaiiboif,  Ambuik,  and  L'^undu,  tiic 
other  not  named. 

This  country  affords  many  flaves,  and  the 
trade  driven  there,   is  in  Poi/wo, 

u 


(  lumr. 


IXtfil. 


^VovAGE  to  Congo-River. 


^«9 


It  Im  many  iilcillint  iWltls,  trcen,  .vA 
fiiiii-',  ami  .ibouiiils  in  i.ittle,  as  ^o.^.., 
(hi-c(i,  lu)(^s  iml  1  ows  ;  it  w.is  never  luhjert 
til  (^oiij^o,  but  vies  with  it  lor  WLalth  ami 
iii.i;;nilu({c. 

'/Vjc-  kingdom  of  Ancioi.a  or  Don  no. 
*T"  H  I S  country,  by  the  PoriKgiii-J?  cMW 
*■  .Iniiol.i,  lies  lictwien  tl>e  rivers  /)(i«,/(j 
and  V.'hinfi  \  the  n.iine  ot  /Ingola  belongs  noi 
|)ri>i>crly  to  the  iiml,  but  is  the  title  dI  tlie 
jiriinc,  wiio  .illiiniM  .uvl  continues  it  troiu 
the  tirlt  kin|',  liuMVot,  who  tell  oH'  Irom 
Ctiiup,  to  whom  it  bclnni^'d  by  ri{i;ht  ol  in- 
lirritanre  :  the  rij^hi  n.uiic  bein^  7))/;^",  iho* 
tiirmerly,  .iiul  ilill  by  Ionic  cillM  .■imkuilc, 
atvl  the  inh,il)it mts  .Imhuiuku 

It  liretclKs  .ilon^;  the  leaco.ift  about  hf- 
tc<'n  h  .iii,ue'',  but  runs  .ibout  an  humirid  up 
into  tiie  coiiitrv  lalhvard.  7'"'^'  liowlers 
it  on  the  norih  with  the  kinn;iloin  ot  Cti^t;)-, 
in  the  lonth  with  that  ot  Miil.iwiin  \  in  liu- 
ealt  Willi  .\!.!\ei/il':i  or  Mulrmbu  i  and  in  ih/ 
well  wuii  (lie  lea,  near  C's'icrj-bay  ;  but 
make,  it  extend  thirty- live  le.igucs  alon;; 
the  lea. 

It  is  water'd  by  ilivers  rivers,  as  the  C>- 
aiil'it,  r.\\c  L'.ika'.a,  and  ihe  K  liuk.ilii. 

'liie  river  Co.Uh'.t  is  in  nine  degrcvs  twenty 
minutes  ol  louth  latitude  ■,  lour  milis  and  a 
halt  froiii,S7.r,*'f»*s-haven  to  the  louthward  •, 
or  lix  miles  from  rape  I'.i.'m.iiiid-o,  antl  five 
to  the  noithw.irdof  C.;/'fl  l.Cil)  ;  has  an  un- 
certain original,  i'ornoll'bi/<-s  have  ever  been 
fo  tar  as  its  I'prings. 

The  moll  correifl  ^geographers  of  this 
age  extend  this  river  troni  the  fea-fKle,  to 
twenry-nine  degrees  of  call  lon<;itiide  of 
I.on.kit  meridian,  in  the  country  ot  the  Ziin- 
ba\  which  they  (ay  are  reported  to  be  the 
fame  as  thole  call'd  the  Ci.il'.is,  bord(rin{» 
at  lourh  on  the  kingilom  o\  NinicaimiU,'  or 
AfiiiOLim.'gi.  This  kingdom  rcachts  eaft- 
ward  to  the  country  of  Mi'lin.lu -,  the  coall 
whereof  is  walhM  by  the  lndi.w  or  eallern 
ocean,  and  belongs  to  the  Po'tngurji-. 

It  liaih  been  liken'd  to  the  river  of  St. 
l.;icu<-  in  Sjtiin,  being  at  the  entrance  about 
halt  a  le.igue  wide  ■,  and  at  the  north  fule 
dcepi  ft  to  come  in  with  fliips.  It  has  but 
twtUc  foot  in  depth  at  high  water,  ebbing 
and  llowing  about  four  toot  ;  but  within 
they  f:'..vl  water  enough,  yet  navigable  no 
higher  than  the  village  Kamkamlhi,  by  reafon 
ot  the  rtrong  water-t.dls. 

It  runs  from  eaft  to  weft,  very  full 
of  windings;  by  reafon  whereof,  from  the 
mouth  to  Mot.ihotima  or  Mucbima,  is  thirty 
leagues  filling,  whereas  the  direft  way  is 
t  .t  twenty.  In  failing  by  it,  the  opening 
can  hardily  be  icm  at  lea,  becaufe  of  a 
black  antl  woody  idand,  lying  right  before 
ir.  About  a  hundred  and  fixty-five  leagues 
up  in  this  river,  are  the  two  iflands  ol  ^a- 


loHt^a,  where  is  a  garriliin  of  Tilacki,  in  Haiudt 
twenty  three  d.j'.rces  call  longituvio  ot  the  "-^"yr*^ 
meridian  of  I.onikn. 

There  are  feveral  other  illands  within  h-JiU'uli. 
for  about  nine  miles  up  it  divides  into  two 
branches,  whii  h   form  an  illaiul  about  tour 
miles  long,    and  halt    a  miL  broad,  v.\\\\\Tl"i  ff 
M.'lf.i>ul,T  or  MilfiH.Ura.  ^J;^'^' 

'i  his  ifland  produces  m.my  forts  of  fruits, 
elpeci.dly  the  Mitn.l'.Oiit,  which  plantid 
there,  grows  exri.iordinarv  thiiki  great 
i|uantitie»  ot  /a.//,;«  wheat  and  millet,  ihree 
times  a  year-,  belidcs  palm-trees,  and  IruiC 
call'd  Ciuajai'iii. 

Ten  or  twelve  miles  above  this  lies  ano- M.nlii 
ther,  c.ill'd    Molil<'uwty    three  miles  long,  ""• 
and  hall  a  mile  broad,    very  low  ground, 
excepting  two  mountains,    befet   with    all 
liarts  of  plants  and  herbs,  .md  feeiling  many 
goats,   lliteji,  hogs  .md  hens. 

Some  years  ago  five  or  lix  fatiiilies  of 
VoitKgUift  livid  there,  who  h.'.d  many  flaves, 
and  m.untain'il  thi  inlclvcs  cliu  tiy  with  Min- 
clhin. 

Liikalaox  I.fiioLi  {'iver  comes  from  .'//d- 'uku 


hil/i',  havinji 


liead    near  the  rile  ol'  the'""' 


river  Paiuii  -,  .ml  running  touih-weltward, 
till  about  fix  and  twenty  niihs  t'romthe  U.x, 
it  joins  the  (,V    ■  /,  .\nd  to  loles  its  name. 

The  fmall  river  K.tliiluila  runs  a-ciols  thcKituUj;, 
territory  of ///,;'«',;,  with  fuch  extraordinary 
windings  .uiil  me.uidi'is,  that  thi  re  is  fcarcc 
one  of  the  two  .\nd  lorty  doiunuons,  into 
whi(  h  this  kngilom  is  diviileil,  that  lie 
above  an  itoui's  walk  from  it. 

Some  lakes  .->ppear  at  the  points  of  the 
Coaiii'a  or  Hfiiiio,  the  chielell  whereof  are  in 
the  lordlliips  of  y^'ibailo,  Ji.'g'loi/w,  and 
Chame, 

v7-/(;'>'''' cont.iins  fcvcral  interior  territoric- 
or  lordlhi|is,  as  l.'unuin,  i',>;'n,  IHam'hi,  /- 
k'lilo,  Enla':.iy  Miti/irgaii,  l:ii,l tikia,  Ktiltim- 
ha,  each  olWhidi  compiclunds  feveral  liitli; 
provinces,  govern'd  by  [larticular  Jov.ijfiis 
or  rulers,  i'iz.  lAuuhi  contains  thirty  nine  -, 
llhimlKU  forty  two  \  Ikollo  .in. I  /','«','/<•,(  divers, 
but  unci  rtain -,  M'jliiigtn  twelve.,  wliicli 
fome  bring  under  ULimb.i  j  Kumkamb^  fixiy  v 
anil  Eiiib'ikk.i  lixty. 

The  Ptriir^Ktfc,  who  have  liv'd  a  long 
time  in  /Ing^ct.i,  divide  it  only  into  fix  parts, 
liz.  Eiib.h'',  Eiijacd,  Ulamb.i,  Libolo,  Lorn- 
bo,  and  ^^'ijhma. 

In  Loaiuhi  ftands  the  city  Lianda  de  S.  Loandi 
Pa^lo,  on  the  rifing  of  a  hill  by  the  lea-'''/ 
coaft  :  on  the  north  fide  of  it  appears  ano- 
ther mountain,  call'd  Mora  de  Sun  Paolo, 
fomewhat  higher  than  that  of  the  city,  and 
fo  fteep  that  it  is  difficult  to  climb  ;  yet  on 
the  fule  thereof  the  jefuits  have  built  a 
monaftery,  about  which  are  three  or  four 
houfes. 

This  city  was  built  by  the  Portuguefe  in 
the  year   1578,  when  Paul  Dtai  de  Nevaiz 

was 


!>'     '"'■'■' 


m:jy'>h 


■i'  I 


<;i6 


A  Voyage  to  Congo-River. 


1^ 


l-r 


fr-i'!; 


Mm 


Chnrchii , 


Siiifo 
I.ambj. 


BAimor  w,ii  fcnt  thitliiT  lo  Iw  their  firft  governor 
V^V^^  m  that  councry. 

riif  I  ity  t.ikfs  up  .1  (^rcu  lomjuA  of 
grounil,  cotit.iininti  m:iiiy  f.iir  houl'cs, 
churches .ind  moii.iliciics  •.  l)Ut  neither  wall'd 
nor  tortitii'il,  only  lonie  Imtsare  raillil  ne.ir 
tl»e  water-liilc,  for  tiic  fci  uring  the  h.iven. 

Before  it  wis  t.iken  hy  the  Dutch,  in  tl>e 
year  1641,  the  PoilKf^iiffi  hail  fix  churches 
there-,  two  gre.itcr,  the  onf  c.iUM  Santa 
Aljrii  tiit  Coiiitj'lwn,  iitul  the  other  Coif') 
^itiitn ;  anJ  tour  lefTcr,  one  lor  llic  jtluits, 
c.illM  Sa>iio  .i'ltonh  \  one  lor  the  /ilack>, 
III!  J  S,iu  G'-',!-i  one  lor  the  /■'rjiinfia'ii  ; 
anJ  an  almi-houfe,  with  a  church,  entitlcil 
MiUriionliii.  Oi'cr  this  alnis-houlf,  Uiiles 
the  loilj;inm  (or  the  poor,  arc  twi-nty  lour 
chatiibers,  for  thi'  <;ovirnor  ,uul  other  olh- 
cers,  r;c.  a  tKwarii,  ailottor,  a  b.uUr,  an 
ni'Oilu'cary,  i^\: 

I'his  htjule  his  Ionic  revenue  in  l.mtls, 
wliul)  bcinj;  hut  Ini.iii,  lias  been  .lUj^nu-nti il 
by  a  rate  ujion  Ihips,  payable  to  liic  trea- 
furcrs  thereof". 

Siiijb  is  the  country  nonli  ol  l.,,,nJ.i,  up 
tlic  river  Bcv^o. 

I.Limba,  or  llvama,  is  a  larpe  trad  of 
land,  above  an  hunilrcil  miles  in  leMji;th,  be- 
<^iiiningrouth-eall,  andealt  foutliealt,  from 
the  territory  of  Iko'.lo,  and  llreteliini;  from 
the  river  Av^'o  to  Coanfa ;  and  trom  Kalumba 
to  Mii'/':iiga,  fliil  growing  wider  the  fartlier 
up  ,  and  every  where  fo  well  peopled,  that 
at  every  two  or  three  miles  dillance  there 
is  a  village  1  which  proceeds  from  the  n.i- 
tives  diftinguifliing  themfelves  from  each 
other  by  peculiar  marks  :  fo  that  the  whole 
is  ilividctl  into  forty-two  diftrifts  or  domi- 
nions, wherein  may  be  raifed  ten  or  twelve 
thoufand  fighting  men,  arm'd  with  bows  and 
arrows  •,  tiie  bows  made  of  the  branches  of  the 
tree  Einhotta,  being  very  ftrong  ami  tough. 
'I"he  Sotiajf-ii  HLuki  keep  the  boundaries 
of  their  territories  fo  exadly,  that  never 
any  (omjilaint  is  heard  of  one  wronging 
or  iiicroaching  upon  another,  unlefs  it  be 
in  oi)en  wars ;  and  then  the  conqueror  be- 
comes  wholly  inafter  of  his  enemy's  country. 
'I'liis  province  has  neither  artificial  torts, 
or  natural  tallnefres  ot  woods,  for  defence 
againll  enemies  ;  fomc  little  groves  there 
are  on  hills,  but  inconfidcrable,  and  fcarce 
worth  mentioning;  yet  they  cannot  eafily 
be  conquer'd,  becaufe  they  arefo  dexterous 
at  (hooting  their  arrows,  cither  !•  ng  on 
the  grounei  or  kneeling. 

From  Jllamha  north-weft,  and  weft  north- 
weft,  lies  Jkollo. 

Enjaka  begins  fix  or  feven  miles  eaft  of 
Loa.ida,  and  lies  between  the  two  rivers, 
Connfa  and  Betigo.  It  is  but  a  fmall  jurif- 
diction,  and  may  be  travelled  through  in 
half  a  day. 


Souani-n. 


IkoDo 


Enliki 


Here  in  fomc  few  places  the  inhabitant* 
tut  their  ground. 

Two  or  three  miles  up  the  country,  on 
the  hill  (lands  a  wooel,  eiiLlofed  .dioiit  with 
bulhcs  ami  thorns,  to  the  great  accoinimxli- 
tion  and  ftrengthening  ol  the  whole:  (or  it 
the  inli.ibitants  lliould  retire  thither,  it  were 
imp(jirible  to  torcc  them  out,  lave  only  tor 
want  ot  water. 

Nine  miles  to  the  e.iftward  of,  and  above  Miii,,,.. 
the  illaml  Monkam.i,  m  the  province  of"'> 
Miflingan  or  Miffii)^an,  Hands  a  lin.ill  town 
of  the  fame  name,  where  the  Pariui^nfji 
have  a  ton,  between  the  Coaufj  and  the 
SioiJa  i  the  laft  ot  which  lluic^  it  up  on  the 
north,  as  the  tormcr  docs  on  tie  fouth  : 
and  about  two  le.igues  from  tliincc,  inter- 
mingle tlieir  llre.iiiis  -,  trom  wliieli  eoni'im  ■ 
lion,  the  town  derives  its  name  of  M'ljn: 
g.tn,  lignilyiiij;  a  mixture  ol  w.iters.  It 
w.is  .It  Ih  ll  an  open,  hut  pretty  lari"-  village', 
and  finee  augmenied  with  many  ..  .r  Hone 
lioulcs,  where  by  at  length  it  is  become  a 
city.  The  tirtl  I'ortngiif.i-  governor  of  /In- 
go!ti,  in  the  year  i'7S,  by  lomm.md  ot  hii 
m.irter,  builc  this  city  of  Ln.iiuld  lU  Sun 
Paolo,  as  alio  the  ton  there,  when  by  the 
help  of  the  CiDr^hrfe  he  warr'd  againll  thj 
king  of  yliigola  in  the  country  :  .iiul  it  is 
now  inhibiteil  by  many  families  ot  Portii- 
gui'J'c,  bcfides  Mulait'jcs  and  Blacks. 

Kamkamba  borders  ujxjn  Coaiifu,  where  is 
a  village  of  the  fame  ilenominaiion,  twelve 
ilays  journey  from  the  fe.i-fidc.  This  is 
the  Poriugucfe  boundary,  beyond  which  they 
claim  no  intereft. 

This  country  of  Angola  or  D.iif^o,  is  rcn- 
der'd  very  fertile  by  the  induftry  of  the  Por- 
tuguejf,  in  cultivating  it  conftantly,  for  the 
Blacks  are  of  a  very  lazy  idle  temper,  io 
that  the  lands  of  Ijonnd.i,  which  were 
barren,  arc  now  very  Iruitfiil  in  moll  lorts 
of  plants,  (IJTccially  Maiur.oca,  of  which 
they  make  bread  ;  having  many  large  jiLui- 
tations,  with  mills  and  vvork-houfcs,  ferv'd 
by  a  good  number  of  flavcs  to  work  it, 
which  turns  to  ;',ood  profit  to  their  mafters. 

They  have  alfo  pkntilully  ftored  the 
banks  of  the  river  Calticu'.a,  with  delicate '"'■''''" ' 
orange,  lemon  and  por.igranate  trees,  and*"'"''' 
vines ;  befides  Guajavas,  pears,  dates,  Gegcs^ 
Amnnjfcs,  and  fugar-canes,  the  extraA 
brown,  yet  better  than  thofe  of  St.  Tbomai 
to  bake  lugar-loaves :  Malcguctte  or  Guinea, 
pep[)er;  Beims,  a  fruit  retembling  coriander, 
.ind  being  dry'd  turns  black,  little  dift'cring 
in  tafte  from  India  pepper,  but  not  fo  hot : 
Tamarinds,  potatoes,  coco-nuts,  fomc  of 
the  lefltr  fize,  of  the  fame  fort  and  nature  1- 
gainftpoifon,  as  thofe  of  the  Maldivy  in.mds 
between  AJadajfafcar  and  cape  Komin,  11 
India ;  and  therefore  call'd  by  the  Porti,g'  'i-:, 
Cocos  de  Moleva.    Tht;  !ave  alio  Injall  "  .i 

£r.-: 


^VovAGE  to  Congo-River. 


?'7 


e  inhabicanu 


Hrf.H  millft,  whereof  they  nuke  bread  : 
iiiclnui't-olour  l)fann,  callM  hnktjfi,  and 
(),inan.ii.  Hod)  ^.irilcn  and  field  IruiC  grow 
here  with  litcle  labour,  viz.  tiiiiiip^,  r.i- 
ilifhes,  cabl»a(;{n,  biit  more  ojxn  than  thole 
with  us  ;  collirtowrri,  carrotj,  iJurdam, 
fj)inige,  lige,  hylfop,  thynir,  rweci-mar- 
jorain,  conandcr-feed,  and  the  like.  Bo- 
fides  gum-mallicli,  which  diftils  from  a 
trie,  and  fniells  like  j^um-elemi,  being  a 
whoklomc  medicine  lor  colds  and  bruifes  -, 
and  from  a  certain  plant  they  extradt  aloes, 
as  gootl  M  that  of  Soccolara,  near  the  liiJ 

1  he  woods  breed  almoft  the  fame  hearts 
js  ill  0/;/^9,  VIZ.  lygirs,  leopards,  lions,  red 
biilKiios,  bears,  wolves,  foxes  •,  very  gre.it 
wild  cits,  and  lat-a-mountains  -,  the  be.ill 
Mikoko,  Km;alanii,  civet-cits,  rliiiion  rots, 
wild  bi'ars,  /•./«4,;?i(i  and  camekons  :  bilides 
(.atile  lor  provifion,  as  Ibeep,  goats,  hogs, 
and  the  like. 

The  l.inil  and  houlcs  are  much  infefled 
with  poilunous  vermin,  fcorpions.milkpides, 
n[ter<,  .md  Icrpincs  ^  among  which,  one  by 
the  Hlacki  call'd  tmbamma,  has  a  mouth 
wide  enough  to  fwallow  a  whole  buck,  lying 
111  the  ways  like  a  ilead  trunk  of  a  tree  ; 
but  falls  upon  bealls  or  men,  as  they  pafs 
by.  Another  fort  of  poifonous  lerpent 
breeds  tiiere,  whole  b.ick-bone  tliey  wear 
about  their  necks,  as  an  infallible  remedy 
agaiiill  the  king's  evil. 

;,;.  The    rivers  Coatifa,  Lukala,  and  Bm^o, 

yield  great  plenty  of  excellent  (i(h  i  among 
which,  great  crabs.  And  the  fea  atlbrds  al- 
iiioll  infinite  forts,  particularly  Pergomu- 
lutoi,  which  tile  I'ortti^uefe  call  Pelladoi,  al- 
niolt  like  a  roach  ;  ti'quuoiies,  i^nkoiiffes, 
K.'JJ'/'hi,  Hyo/O!,  DoruMS,  Bomtoi,  ^ilbaco- 
rei,  Pergoi  J-  Morjciermes,  HoKkaJorei, 
K'lrvinei ;  as  alfo  mackarel,  and  fucking- 
filh,  in  vait  ijuantity,  befides  oilters.  and 
inuklcs. 

The  lakes  alio  breeil  feveral  creatures, 
cfpccially  thofe  of  /Ingola,  i^iibite,  anil  Jn- 
j/e////),  in  ihc  province  of  M'ljfingan  ;  where, 

«-/n.i;J.  among  others,  is  taken  a  fiOi,  by  the  inha- 
bitants call'd  Ambifangalo,  and  Peftengom ; 
by  the  Porfu^uefi;  Puixe  Alolher,  or  woman- 
fifli  i  by  the  Pruhh  Syreiie,  and  by  the 
£/;^/j//i  the  mermaid-,  both  male  and  female, 
fome  eight  foot  long,  with  Ihort  arms,  and 
hands,  and  long  fingers,  which  they  cannot 
clofe  together,  becaufe  of  a  (kin  growing 
between  them,  as  is  in  the  feet  of  ducks 
and  geefe.  They  feed  upon  grafs  on  the 
lides  of  lakes  and  rivers,  and  only  hold  their 
heads  out  of  the  water.  Their  heads  and 
eyes  are  oval,  the  forehead  high,  the  nofe 
flat,  and  the  mouth  wide,  without  any  chin 
or  ears.  The  males  have  genitals  like  horfes, 
and  the  females  two  ilrutting  breads  ;  but 
in  the  water  there  is  no  diftinguUhiog  the 
Vol.  V. 


one  fiorn  the  other,  being  both  of  a  dark BARiior. 
grey.  I  hey  do  no  hirm,  nor  go  alhorc  V^V^*-' 
'i'he  tlelh  ot  the  upper  part  ot  their  body 
taller  like  pork,  the  lower  part  i.s  fome- 
what  leaner,  but  all  rei  kon'd  good  food  by 
the  natives,  elpecially  broil'd.  They  take 
them  in  nets,  and  then  kill  them  with  harp- 
ing-irons.  In  their  heads  are  certain  little 
bones,  which  beaten  fmall  and  taken  in 
wine,  arc  faid  to  be  an  exielknt  remedy 
againll  the  gravel  in  the  niiis  or  bladder, 
but  thufc  ot  the  males  the  beU.  Of  the 
rii»s  they  make  bracelets  m  A>mla,  and 
reckon  them  to  have  a  virtue  to  ifop  bleed- 
ing, efpecially  thole  of  the  left  rib  next  the 
lit  art. 

Mi-roUa  fays,  the  river  7,av  has  plenty  ot 
thcic  monllrous  filhes  or  mermaids,  relem 
bling  a  wom.in upwards,  but  the  lower  i>aii 
like  a  filh,  ending  ii.  a  forked  tail.  It  is 
bell  caught  in  rainy  weather,  beiauicthc 
sv.iter  being  then  dilturb'd,  it  cannot  per- 
ceive the  filhermen,  who  commonly  go  in 
canoes,  paildling  very  toftly  towards  the 
place  they  perceive  them  to  lie  in,  by  the 
motion  of  the  water,  ami  fo  Urike  them  with 
Ipears  i  .ind  when  hurt,  they  .ire  laid  to  i^ivc 
a  cry  like  a  human  voice.  If  not  very  well 
Itruck,  they  will  often  get  away,  efixxially  if 
thefilherman  be  in  a  very  fmall  canoe,  when 
he  is  obliged  to  let  thein  go  with  the  ja- 
velin (ticking  in  them. 

In  the  hillory  o(  Denmnrk,  we  have  in 
account  of  fome  fuch  creatures  I'een  in  the 
icA  about  Greenlaiul,  both  males  and  le- 
males,  the  male  in  the  iXorzi^x'-'"  tongue 
cM'ii  HaJIraml',  a  man-firti,  appearing  fuvh 
to  the  waill  •,  being  like  .i  m.m  in  tiie  eyes, 
nole,  head,  broad  Ihouklers  and  .inns,  but 
without  hands,  and  ir.inlp.irent  as  ice,  never 
rifing  out  of  the  water  above  the  middle. 
The  female,  call'd  in  the  fame  lan[j;iia^e 
Mvt^ugv.'ir,  like  a  woman,  with  l.iigc 
brealts,  longhair,  arms,  and  fingers joiii'd 
with  (kins,  like  the  feet  of  a  goofe  i  they 
catch  filh  with  thele  hands.  The  Danes 
fupertlitioufly  fancy  they  are  the  fonrunners 
of  ftorms,  and  that  if  they  apjiear  with  their 
back  to  afliip,  it  will  inevitably  perifli  •, 
but  if  the  fact  be  to  the  veird,  it  will  efcape, 
A  fe,i-monfter,  like  a  man,  w.is  feen  at 
Martinko,  in  the  year  1071,  as  I  (hall  ob- 
ferve  hereafter  in  the  defcription  of  that 
idand. 

Navarre  fpcaks  of  this  hfh  in  India,  and 
at  Manila  y  and  takes  notice  of  the  ftrange 
virtue  there  is  in  its  bones  to  (top  bleeding, 
efpecially  the  rump-bone,  but  even  the 
teeth  partake  of  it. 

Thefe  creatures  arc  alfo  caught  about 
Sofala  on  the  caft  coa(t  of  Africa^  and  being 
falted,  prove  good  food  at  fea,  if  quickly 
fpenti  butifkeptftale,  grow  rank,  andaie 
dangerous  tneat  for  thofe  who  have  foul 
6  Q  difeafes, 


;  V  •  '1  "if 

'  I'll ;-  is',' 


i',: 


.HI 


tWi  i 


ill 


m'W<- 


I 


11 1 -^'l' 


KM :  \\f 


u  '■ 


,ni!i|, 


ki 


III' 


^13 


A  Voyage  ^o  Congo-River. 


iV.ir/iM 


BAUBoT.difeafes,   as  the  pox,  or  fuch  like  in  their 
v-nr^  limbs. 

In  thefe  lakes  alfo  brccil  gre.it  numbers  of 
fea-liorfes,  crocodiles,  and  many  other  am- 
phibious animals. 

In  every  dominion  of  Angola  there  are 
four  forts  of  people  •,  the  firll  noble-men  or 
j\ljk.i!as  1  liie  fei  ond  call'd  children  of  the 
dominion,  being;  r.ati"es  -,  for  die  moll  part 
artificers  or  hulbandmen  :  the  third  ('^djikos, 
or  flavcs,  ami  lo  appropriated  to  the  lord, 
as  his  other  goods,  and  inluritablc  hke 
tlitm  :  the  fourth  A/s/i/vrfj,  being  allii  Haves 
of  tiie  SouaJJ'en,  gotten  by  war,  or  other- 
wile. 

Their  clotiiing  comes  very  near  to  that  of 
Cungo,  the  ornaments  of  their  necks  and 
arms,  round  gla Is  beads,  they -;all  .///i.;/ji. 

The  /tii^olijL  tc.iguc  ditk-rs  from  th.'.t  of 
C'.iigo  only  in  the  i>ro;iunciation,  yet  tliat 
inikc'.  it  found  like  anotlier  langu.ij^e. 

A  woman,  as  long  as  lur  child  has  no 
tietli,  keeps  from  her  liusb.ind -,  but  as  loon 
as  it  lias  any, all  the  friends  and  acqmintance, 
both  men  and  women,  carry  it  in  thi  ir  arms 
from  houle  to  lioufe,  playing  and  finging, 
to  receive  a  gift  for  it,  and  leldom  or  never 
.ue  put  of."  with  a  denial. 
('"  InlKad  of  money  they  ule,  as  at  I-o  vitl.t, 
the  linall  cloths,  call'd  Z,;/'fl«^t'i,  dnd  Piiitof- 
fambos,  above  I'poken  of  Of  ihefe  Ibmc 
are  fingle  mark'd,  with  the  .irms  of  Por- 
Cigal,  others  double  mark'd,  and  fbme  un- 
mark'd.  The  finglc-mark'd  cloths,  or  four 
iinmark'd  tied  together,  go  for  a  Tcjlon,  or 
eight  pence,  and  one  alone  for  two-pence  ; 
but  every  double-mark'd  cloth  is  worth 
ten  or  ef  ven. 

None  of  tiie  Portugurfe  may  bring  thefe 
cloths  into  Loiv:,Li,  but  only  the  faClor  of 
tlie  merchant  who  dwells  at  Lubo>:^xm\  is  lent 
thitlur  fo  buy  them  u]),  whereof  he  makes 
no  I  mall  gain. 

I'rom  Bonn  they  bring  hither  blue  cotton 
cloths  by  tliem  c.ill'il  Moupoio'fiia,  but  by 
tlic  Porliifi^iirfi;  P<v:os  do  n-gallo  ■k  Herre ; 
tiicy  are  five  clotiis  together,  and  a  yard 
and  a  half,  or  two  yarils  broad.  There  is 
.mother  fort  in  Portuguefe  call'il  Punos  de 
K-nima  de  Ftgura,  blue  and  Ibme  white, 
mingled  with  figures,  about  fix  or  feven 
y.irds  long,  and  above  a  yard  broad.  Of 
thele  loits  the  Portuguefe  vend  great  quan- 
tities, and  at  high  prices  in  Congo,  Amboslle, 
the  king  'om  of  Cingo,  and  other  places. 

The  l„ce  fmall  cloths  are  brought  from 
the  illand  St.  Tomf,  but  the  dye  is  not  fo 
good,  and  the  ftuft"  coarlcr.  Thefe  they 
exi  hange  for  fi.'ves,  to  fend  into  Portugal. 

They  have  two  lores  of 6'»;/;^o;, which  ferve 
in  lieu  of  money,  viz.  pure  Stmboi,  taken 
under  the  illand  of  Loanda,  and  ufcd  for 
trade  in  Pimio  ;  and  impure,  or  Braziles, 
brought  fiom  Rio  de  Janeiro,  and  ufed  in 


Songo  and  Pnuia,  and  in  the  countries  of 
Anna  Xingci,  beyond  Mafiignan ;  and  among 
the  Jiigos. 

The  Simbos  of  Loan.ia  arc  alfo  of  two 
forts,  a  finer  and  a  coarfer,  fcparaied  by 
fifting  i  the  latter  they  name  Slmboi-Sifadosy 
the  other  Fonda  and  Bomba :  both  thefe  they 
fend  to  Cong  ,  anil  are  carried  thither  on  the 
heads  of  Blacks  in  f.icks  made  of  ftraw,  every 
lack  weighing  two  .Jrrobas,th\xl  is,  fixty  four 
pounds. 

The  Simbos  of  tiie  other  coafts  of  Congo 
are  the  lefTer  forts:  all  things  are  bought  in 
Congo  with  thole  fliells,  even  gold,  lilver, 
and  provifions  -,  and  the  ule  of  coin,  either 
of  gold  or  any  other  metal, is  fuppreHed  and 
forbid  in  all  Congo,  as  it  is  in  lome  other 
parts  of  Africa. 

They  ule  alfo  in  l.o.vidit  inltead  of  money 
the  reel  Tukoe!  woo.l  of  Mnumi-.t,  and  P.io 
de  Kikorg'!,  brougiit  irom  Bengiulid,  .uid  cut 
into  pieces  about  a  foot  long,  of  a  let  v.due, 
which  every  one  knows. 

It  will  fccin  Itrange  to  Europeans  to  hear, 
that  the  people  of  Loanda.,  Congo,  and 
Angola  fliould  ufe  fliells,  pieces  of  woow, 
and  bits  of  cloth  inltead  of  money  •,  but 
we  re.ul  of  fcveral  other  nations,  which  h.ive 
not  valued  gold  and  filver  as  we  do,  or  at 
lealV  made  other  things  to  lerve  inllead  of 
coin,  to  buy  and  tell. 

In  Pent,  where  thegreateft  plenty  of  gold 
and  filver  h.is  been  found,  thole  metals 
were  never  ufcd  as  money  by  the  natives. 

In  feveral  parts  o^   Africa,  befides  thole  smn: 
here  menrion'd,  fhells  of  other  lores  pals('''-5'.'<-- 
current,    as  the  Caiiris  and  Bonges   do  ■^^'''J'"'''' 
A'dr.i  and  Pidii.     In  other  parts,  and  par-      "^ 
ticularly  in  XUjfn,  and  the  adjacent  parts, 
iron  is  the  coin,  the  fmaliell  pieces  weigii-    ' 
ing  about  an  ounce.     At  Mc.inde  they  have 
little  glals  balls   brought  them  from  Cani- 
baia.  InC(2//A;v,weare  iold,alort  of  llamp'd 
paper  palles  lor  money.     In  KiLi-./iia,  and 
other  parts,  cakes  of  fait.     In  Pegit  every 
man  ftamps  lead  and  copper,  gold  and  filver 
being  look'd  upon  as  merchandize.     In  Ben- 
gala  there  is  no  other  coin,    but  a  fort  of 
fmall  almonds :   as  in  New  Spain  the  coco- 
nuts were  the  current  coin  ;  and  in  feveral 
partsof  the  £fl//-//;J/«,  pepper,  ami  coco- 
nuts, tf(. 

The  chiefeft  trade  of  H\c  Porlugi/rfe  and  j.^^,.,^, 
other  IVhiifs  confills  in  ll.ives,  ca  rried  thency/atti. 
to  lever.il  ports  in  the  IVefl-Indici,  to  work 
at  the  fugar-mills,  and  in  the  mines,  the  Eu- 
ropeans not  being  lufficient  for  that  labour  ; 
and  no  men  can  do  it  lb  well  as  thefe  An- 
golans for  a  time  :  and  thus  it  is  at  the  ex- 
pence  of  the  lives  of  thele  poor  wretches, 
that  we  draw  fuch  vaft  wealth  from  A- 
menea.  It  is  affirmVl,  that  when  the  S  a- 
niards  were  mafters  of  Po;7//|<j/,  theytrinl- 
ponc'd  every  year  fifteen  thoufand   11..  -es 

out 


:  countries  ot 
i  and  among 

:  iilfo  ot  two 
feparaied  by 
Moi-Sifadosy 
3th  tlieli;  they 
thither  on  the 
'  Itiaw,  ijvery 
t  is,  lixty  four 

wfts  of  Congo 
are  bought  in 
gold,  lilver, 
f  coin,  either 
luppreHed  and 
in  fome  other 

Vead  of  money 
mha,  and  Ptia 
uiflla,  ;uid  cut 
of  afv-t  v.ilue, 

■opeam  to  he.ir, 
,  Coiii^o,  and 
2ces  of  woou, 

money  -,  but 
IS,  whicii  have 

we  do,  or  at 
ervc  inllead  of 

t  plenty  of  gold 
,    tiiole   metals 

the  natives. 
,  befides  thole  Sr.fi-j: 
ther  torts  pal's '''''■;' "'•■ 

Bo>m->    do  ;it  "'>•■•''■■■ 
larts,  and  par- 
idjacent  p.irts, 
I  pieces  weigh- 
iiule  liiey  have 

m  from  Cam- 
|fort  of  Itamp'd 
[i  Kiljii'ia,  and 

n  Pegu  every 

jold  and  filver 
lidize.     In  Bt'ii- 
but  a  lore  ol 
\/>ain  the  coco- 

and  in  feveral 
fer,  and  coco- 

-'oi-tiigu.-fe  and-,.,^;,,. 

carried  thenc.:/!40M. 
\iiihci,  to  work 
mines,  die  Eii- 
Lr  that  labour ; 
|l  as  thefe  An- 
It  is  at  the  ex- 
lioor  wretehes, 
T'alth  from  A- 

i-hen  the  >'^  a- 
\l,  they  triiif- 
loufaiid    ft.,  'es 
out 


A  Voyage  to  Congo-River* 


?I5> 


i.rrt  >[  ., 
|,.U(>. 


01''.  of  Angola,  into  the  new  world.  And 
tl^e  Porlu^tieff  llill  tranfport  a  very  great 
number. 

All  thofe  (laves  the  Portugtiefe  caufe  to  be 
bought,  by  their  Pomberroes,  a  hundred 
and  fifty  or  two  hundred  leagues  up  the 
country,  whence  they  bring  them  down  to 
the  fea-coaft }  have  but  little  food  by  the 
way,  and  lie  on  the  bare  ground  every 
night  in  the  open  air,  without  any  covering, 
which  m.ikes  them  grow  poor  and  faint. 
But  the  Portnguefe  at  LoariJa,  before  they 
arc  (hip'd  off,  put  them  into  a  great  houfe 
fjek-  /«icf  which  they  have  built  there  for  that  purpofe, 
'  and  give  them  their  fill  of  meat  and  drink, 
as  alfo  palm-oil  to  refrefh  and  anoint  tluin- 
felve.s  with.  But  if  it  happens  that  there 
are  no  (hips  ready,  or  thai  they  have  not 
(lives  enough  to  fend  away,  then  they  ufe 
them  for  tilling  the  ground,  and  to  pl.uit 
or  cut  ManJioc.i ;  but  at  lalf  when  tlr-y 
put  them  on  board,  they  take  great  care  to 
preferve  them  from  ficknefs,  and  that  they 
may  come  late  and  found  to  their  intended 
j>orfs,  they  provide  medicines,  elpecially  le- 
mons and  white  lead  to  ule  againft  the 
worms ;  and  if  by  chance  any  (all  fick,  they 
feparace  thofe  from  the  re(f,  and  lay  them 
alone  to  be  cur'd,  where  they  are  well  pro- 
vided (or,  with  warm  diet.  In  the  lliips 
they  have  mats  to  lie  on,  of  wliich  they 
take  great  flore  with  them,  elpecially  when 
they  go  over  to  the  l^cji-Jni'ies,  to  give 
every  ten  or  twelve  days  a  frelh  mat.  But 
t!ie  lloHamh'rs  and  other  Enropciim  t.'.ke 
n')  fuch  care  in  tranfporting  their  ftav-s  to 
Amer-.ca,  but  (hip  them  poor  and  fiiiir, 
without  any  ni.us,  or  other  necelTiiries, 
Which  cKcafions  many  of  them  to  die  at  fea. 
The  Poitiigiir  '•  alio  caule  the  flaves  they 
Ihip  ot^"  to  be  bapti/.M,  it  being  forbid  un- 
der pain  of  excommunication  to  carr\-  any 
to  Brd-Hy  that  are  not  chriltcncd.  How- 
ever, it  ib  pitiful  to  fee  how  they  croud  thof.- 
poor  wretches,  fix  hundred  and  (ifty  or  le- 
vcn  hundred  in  a  fhip,  the  men  ftanding  in 
the  hold  ty'd  to  (t.ikes,  the  women  between 
decks,  and  thofe  that  are  with  child  in  the 
j;ieat  cabbin,  and  the  chiKlren  in  the 
ftceridge,  which  in  that  hot  climate  occa- 
(ions  an  intolerable  llerich. 

The  voyage  is  generally  perform'd  in 
thirty  or  ihirty-(ive  days,  the  trade-wind 
carrying  them,  lb  that  they  fiiil  over  in  a 
line  ;  but  (ome  times  they  are  becalm'd, 
and  then  the  pafl'ige  is  longer. 

The  Poriugiiifc  deal  for  (laves  at  Kamkum  ■ 
!:i,  bur  not  (o  mucii  as  in  Mjjjlngan  and  Em- 
tcikko;  (or  there,  when  rhe  adjacent  B/iiiks 
w.int  any  merchandize,  they  bring  their 
ll.ives  to  the  Porliiguefe  colonies  (or  ex- 
change. 

The  commodities  which  the  Portnguefe 
and  other  Eiirppeam  carry  thither,  are , 


Cloths  with  red  lifts;  gre.it  ticking  with  Bar  nor. 
long  ftripes,  and  fine  wrought  red   kerfeys,  l^^^i 

-  ■ '    ..  •        -  -         • .  -  -  Gooilf  i  ■" 

ftrttil. 


Sitefia  and  other  fine   linnen,    fine  velvet,  f"'"'"'"" 


fmall  and  great  gold  and  filvcrl.ices,  broad 
black  bays,  Ttirkxjh  tapiftry  or  carpets, 
white  and  all  forts  of  colour'd  yarn,  blue 
and  black  beads,  ftitching  and  fowing  filk, 
Canary  wines,  brandy,  linded-oil,  feamens 
knives,  all  forts  of  fpices,  white  lugar,  and 
many  other  commodities  and  trifles,  as 
great  fidihooks,  pins  a  linger  long,  ordi- 
nary pins,  needles,  and  great  and  (mall 
h.iwks-bells. 

The  EngliJJj  compofe  their  cargoes  gene- 
rally, of  brafs  balbns,  Aiinabajps,  blue 
bafts,  paper  brawls,  Guinea  ftutfs,  muJkets, 
powder,  Nicanees,  rapfeils,  fcarler,  paper 
flella's,  coral,  bays,  wrought  jiewter,  beads, 
P'lKtadoei,  knives,  (pirit>,  S:c.  With  an 
alTortment  of  thefe  fundry  goods  amount- 
ing to  about  (burteen  huniired  puunds  Iterl- 
ing,  it  may  be  reafonably  expecled  to  get 
about  three  hundred  ftaves  or  more  -,  which 
bring  them  to  near  the  rate  of  live  pounds 
a  head. 

All  forts  of  haberdafliery,  filks,  linnen 
fhirts,  hats,  (lioes,  ts't.  wrought  pewter 
plates,  diflies,  porringers,  fpoons,  of  each 
a  little  afTortment,  are  alio  very  profitably 
vended  among  tlie  Pirtiignr  i\ 

The  goveinment  oi'  Loarnhi,  and  the  reftf;^^,,,,. 
of  Ango'a,  ("ubjedl  to  the  king  of  Puitiigtil,mini. 
is  in  the  governor,    two   rr,:Jorc>  or   in- 
("pccflors,  one  OvUor  or  chief  j'.illice,    lor 
matters   crimin.il,    and    two   other    judges 
call'd  Jiiifrs,  with  a  lecretary. 

The  king  of  Portug.il  has  irreat  r.."venues  Reiinue. 
fom  Angciti,  partly  by  the  yearly  tributes 
of  the  .Si/.'rtj/t-//,  and  partly  by  the  cutloms 
and  taxes,  let  upon  exported  and  imported 
gooils  and  (lives.  'l'l,is  latter  revenue  is 
tarm'd  at  LijIj'u  by  one  or  more,  who  keep 
their  factor  at  Da-uii,  and  he  l;ns  to  at- 
tend him,  a  I'ecret.iry,  two  notaries,  and 
two  Porlciros  or  door  kcep.rs. 

The  Souafftn  governors  of  all  the  tcrrito- •S'"i5)fi7(o» 

lies  which  the  Pcrtuii:-;]'  hold  in  Anvo!:!,'^. ''""*- 
If  r  il         1  ■   tit,ei. 

by  force  nt  arms,  ate  bound  to  p.iy  a  tri- 
bute of  Haves  to  them  yearly,  and  to  do 
them  other  ll:\-ices  under  the  title  of  vaflals. 
And  the  P(» tiigu.fi  governor  of  Lv.iuda 
farms  the  tributes  of  tiie  S'liu/fiii  to  (bme 
of  their  own  nation,  who  .ire  not  content 
with  what  was  the  fettled  revenue  of  (laves, 
but  often  take  more  ;  which  makes  the  na- 
tives bear  them  a  mort.d  hatred. 

The  Sottajfat  are  alfo  bound  to  appoint 
carriers  for  the  Portugutfi,  when  they  travel 
through  the  country,  to  carry  them  tiom 
one  place  to  another :  for  il  a  Portuguefi  has 
a  mind  to  travel  from  Lo^incli  to  Mafflngtiti, 
when  he  comes  in  the  evening  to  a  vill.ige, 
Y'here  he  intends  to  lodge,  h^  fends  to  the 
Sana  to  let  him  know,  he  has  uccafion  for 

fo 


T?" 

n 

\ 

i 

1''  r 

ipHilll 


.>H' 


920 


^  Voyage  r«  Congo-River. 


Kat'nt 


Cku'd'^o- 


King  cf 
Angoli. 


Barbot.  fo  many  of  thofe  carriers,  who  muft  not  fail 
^'V^*'  to  provide  them :  and  this  they  do  every 
evening,    to  luve  fr^fli  men  for  the  next 
day's  journey. 

Every  diftricl  has  its  refpeftive  Sova,  and 
he  has  a  certain  number  of  Makottei  or 
lounfcliors,  who  when  they  apply  to  him 
fall  down  on  their  knees,  clapi)ing  their 
Iiantls,  with  wiiom  he  coniults  .11  weigh- 
ty concerns.  Thel'c  Soiiaffiii  live  privately 
in  villages,  inclos'd  wich  thick  hedges,  and 
luve  only  a  narrow  entrance  ;  and  the  Ivabi- 
tacions  cannot  properly  be  call'd  houfes, 
but  flight  huts,  made  of  rullies  and  ftraw, 
after  the  manner  of  the  country  of  Doiigo. 

Every  Sova  has  a  chaplain  in  his  Baiiza 
or  village,  to  chriltcn  children,  and  ^-.le- 
br.ue  mafs. 

The  church-government  in   [.oJiiJa  is  in 

itrnmiac.  a  bidiop,    who  is  iulliji;in  to  him  of  the 

in.uid  of  6V.  Tome,  becaufcthat  idand  pleads 

luitiquity,  and  claims  the  preference  as  the 

moihi-r-churcli  in  tholt  parts. 

'I'lio  king  of //'/^s.'.i,  oc  Dongo,  refides  a 
little  above  tiie  city  M.i//:nga>i,  on  a  itony 
mountain,  fevcn  leagues  in  compafs,  in  which 
are  many  rich  pailures,  fields  and  meadows, 
yielding  a  plentiful  provifion  for  all  his  re- 
tinue ;  into  which  tiiere  is  but  one  fingle 
paffage,  and  that,  according  lo  their  me- 
thotl,  well  fortified  ;  lo  that  he  needs  fear 
no  enemies,  either  from  the  queen  of  SoJeJia's 
fiiie,  of  whom  more  hereafter,  nor  from  the 
'Jtigos. 

■J'his  king,  like  him  of  Congo,  keeps  a 
great  many  peacocks,  which  is  peculiar  to 
the  royal  family,  and  of  fo  high  efteem, 
that  if  any  one  fliould  prefume  to  take  but 
r.  featiier  from  one  of  them,  with  .^  defign 
to  keep  it,  he  would  immediately  bt  put 
to  death,  or  made  ;>  flave,  with  all  his  g»- 
neration. 

At  prefent  this  prince  acknowledges  no 
kind  of  fubjeftion  to  the  king  oi Congo,  tho' 
formerly  the  country,  when  divided  into 
divers  lordlhips,  under  feveral  Soiiaffens,  bc- 
lor.gM  to  that  king.  But  about  an  hundred 
and  fifty  years  fince,  one  of  the  iwaj,  call'd 
Jir^oLi,  with  the  afTiftance  of  the  Portuguefe 
trading  in  his  country,  made  wars  with  the 
oilurs,  and  overcame  them  one  after  ano- 
ther, till  he  made  them  all  tributaries,  yet 
left  them  ftill  in  poflelTion  of  their  lordlhips 
or  (iominions. 

This  Angola  afterwards  became  king,  and 
flilcd  himfelf  Incue,  from  the  great  multi- 
tude of  people  under  his  fubjedtion ;  and 
was  not  inferior  in  power  to  the  king  of 
Congo,  to  whom,  Lynfcholen  fays,  he  lends 
prefents,  tho'  he  be  not  his  vaff'.l. 

After  his  death,  in  1560,  his  fon  Ddwii 
jingoln,  a  great  enemy  to  the  Portuguefe, 
WIS  chofen  king,  whoreign'd  till  the  year 
1578,  when  he  died,  and  his  youngeft  fon, 


Sjfihngi  Angola,  or  Angolairtt  that  is,  great 
lord,  fucceeded  him. 

He  renew'd  the  ancient  league  with  the 
Portuguefe,  4nd  Paul  Dias  de  Nevaiz,  their 
governor:  but  afterwards,  without  caufe, 
cut  off  thirty  or  forty  of  them,  on  the  way, 
as  they  were  going  with  merchandize  to  the 
royal  city:  whereupon  D/dj  made  war  upon 
him,  and  took  many  places,  fubjefting  them 
to  the  crown  of  Portugal,  which  ever  finre, 
together  with  others,  from  time  to  time 
fubdued,  have  remain'd  under  them. 

The  arms  the  Angolans  ufe,  are  bows  and  Tt^ii'vt 
arrows,   and  javelins,   and  have  learnt  to''""' 
handle  the  ax  and   cutlaces,    but  are  not 
well  accuftomed  to  manage  muikets.   They 
always  fight  a-foot ;  and  their  country  be-   ' 
ing  very  populous,  by  reafon  of  the  great 
fruitfulnefs  of  the  women,    the   king  can 
eafily  raife  an  army  of  two  hundred  thou- 
(and  men,  but  they  have  no  more  courage 
than  thofe  of  Congo. 

The  king  of  Angola,  who  died  in  the 
year  1 640,  left  three  daughters  and  a  ne- 
phew. The  eldelt,  named  Anna  Xmga,  or 
Singa,  put  in  her  claim  to  the  fuccemon  of 
the  crown,  as  of  right  -,  but  the  Portuguefe 
favouring  the  nephew's  pretenfions,  Ihe  was 
forc'd,  with  many  of  the  grandees  adhering 
to  her  intereft,  to  fly  into  the  inland  coun- 
try, keeping  up  her  claim  to  the  crown, 
and  looking  upon  the  nephew  as  an  ufurper. 

After  many  rencounters  and  battles,  in 
which  fhe  was  worfted  by  tli„  Portuguefe, 
fhe  turn'd  her  arms  againft  the  Jagns,  whom 
fhe  routed  in  feveral  fights  j  and  afterwards 
made  peace  with  the  Portuguefe,  who  ufed 
to  get  a  great  number  of  Haves  from  her 
dominions.  That  princefs  was  of  I'o  mallu-  ^„  Am; 
line  a  courage,  that  fliem.ide  a  iliverfion  of'-onun 
war:  fhe  was  of  a  fierce  barbarous  temper,  ?""" 
and  liv'd  after  the  manner  of  the  Jagji, 
under  tents  in  the  fields,  having  quitted 
chriftianity,  in  hatred  to  the  Portuguefe,  wlio 
had  excluded  her  from  fucceeding  to  the 
ciown  of  Dongo  ;  fhe  gave  herfelf  wholly 
up  to  idolatry,  and  ufed  to  facrifice  jiuman 
vi(5tims  to  her  idol,  before  flie  would  un- 
dertake any  war:  yet  this  favage  temper 
did  not  exempt  her  from  being  fenfible  to 
love.  She  kept  fifty  or  fixty  young  men 
about  her  court,  whom  fhe  would  have 
drefTed  like  women,  andafTume  their  names, 
whilft  fhe  her  felf  was  apparell'd  like  a 
man,  and  bearing  a  man's  name,  in  order 
to  command  with  more  authority.  Shew.is 
very  fortunate  in  all  her  wars,  except  againft 
the  Portuguefe.  In  the  year  1 646,  fhe  ran- 
fack'd  all  the  dwelling-places  in  the  province 
of  Ovando,  and  carried  the  inlubitantsinto 
llavery.  The  ^lifames,  a  people  dwelling 
about  Coanfa  river,  paid  her  an  annual  tri- 
butP- 

The 


A  Voyage  to  Congo-River. 


?ii 


)  more  courage 


T!iK  nephew,  whom  the  Portuguefe  had 
fct  iipoi  ilie  throne,  being  dead  ;  Angola 
SoiL-Ji.t,  who  fuccecded  him,  made  them  pre- 
llnts  recrttly,  to  have  their  proteftion. 

All  the  hl.hks  of  /In^ola,  till  of  late, 
liv'd  in  paganilin,  iifing  a  dance,  by  them 
call'd  t:!hiimmini,  in  wliich  they  faid  the 
devil  certainly  entcrM  one  of  them  ;  and 
liiro'  hiin  intbrni'd  them  ot'  I'uture  and 
palt  events.  Now,  iiy  the  endeavours  of  the 
P.rliii^i'i'uf  jeliiits,  tliey  are  brougiic  10  the 
Riinun  Cathoiuk  religion.  In  the  year  15S4, 
many  ihouliiiuU  receiv'd  baptifm  ;  fo  that 
in  i-^fjo,  tiiere  were  .iboiit  twenty  t!)oui!intl 
f.'.iiiiii.'s  in  ///yo.((  tinillians:  the  lame  year 
fiiteen  hundred  more  were  converted  •,  and 
t!ic  r-yrinintfji  10  this  d.iy  i.iliour  very  rniicli 
in  tiiefinie  good  woric. 

T'/j:  ijliiid  (■]  L  o  .-i  N  I)  A, 
T  IF.S  before  the  city  Iahi:!,!,  in  cij,iu 
•»-'  degrees  forty-eight  minutes  fouih  lati- 
tu.ie;  in.iking  a  yood  and  lonvenient  liaveii 
tor  Ihipping  :  the  whole  about  ieven  ieagu.s 
in  lengtli,  and  in  tju-  bro.uieil  i>l,ice  not 
above  li.df  a  le.igueover ;  fo  that  thofe  who 
fail  by,  may  e.ifdy  ke  the  fea  run  between 
it  and  the  main  I.uui. 

Pigajitl.i  fuppofes  it  to  have  grown  up 
fromthc  fetilingsof  fandand  mud,  thrown 
up  there  in  heaps,  by  the  force  of  the  two 
great  waters  of  MLH;^o  and  Codii/u  ;  framing 
it  a  plain  iflauvl,  about  a  mile  from  the- 
city,  behind  whii  h  the  fliips  ride:  the  en- 
tr.^ncc  into  it  is  by  two  narrow  pallages, 
according  to  Mcrolla,  at  tiic  extremities  of 
till-  nip. 

The  whole  fpot  is  one  level  plain,  but 
very  dry  and  fiiidy,  only  in  fom-  places 
may.  be  feen  a  tew  bulhes  and  brambles  i 
and  on  the  ncrth  fide,  here  and  there, 
tome  hawtiiorn  Ihrub-,.  The  land  by  the 
Ita-lide  is  fo  lleep,  tliat  not  above  a  mufket- 
ihot  from  the  fhore  there  is  twenty  lev  n  or 
twenty  eight  fathom  water ;  and  a  mile 
from  thence  a  line  of  a  hundred  fithomcan 
rcich  no  ground. 

On  this  ill.md  are  feven  towns  or  vill.itres, 
by  the  inhabitants  call'd  l.wur  oi  l.Uiit.i  ; 
the  Poiiu^^:ii[i'e  call  the  bell  of  tliem  Sar.to 
L'/intii.  There  are  two  churc!-.?s  or  cha- 
pels, and  the  Po> itixucje  h.ivc  divers  gardens 
antl  orchards,  wherin  grow  oranges,  lem- 
luons,  citrons,  poniegr  mates,  excellent  hgs 
ban.inas  coco  nuts  grapes,  and  other  truit  ; 
but  corn  is  li)  great  a  llranger  to  it,  that 
they  are  oblig'd  to  fetch  fupplies  from  other 
places. 

It  /.odi'ccs  the  great  tree,  by  the  natives 
call'd  I'.nUuLi;  by  C!u/uh  the  hi.lian  fig-tree, 
by  l.iiifiboldim  Portw^mf;  Arbor  da  Riiiz, 
that  is,  the  rooting-tree. 

It  fprings  up  commonly  with  one  thick 
body  to  a  great  height,  at  the  top  fhnoting 

Vol.  V. 


forth  many  branches,  from  which  hangBARnor. 
down  feveral  fmall  firings  of  a  golden  co-  ^-^V^ 
lour,  which  when  they  once  touch  the 
ground,  take  fall  root,  fpring  up  again  like 
new  plants,  and  in  a  fhort  time,  increafe 
to  a  large  bulk  ■,  from  whence,  as  from  the 
firft,  new  firings  hang  down  again,  and 
take  root,  flill  Ipreading  :  fo  that  Ibmetimes 
one  fingle  tree  will  extend  its  bounds  above 
a  thouland  paces,  and  f'eems  like  a  little 
wood  or  tliicket. 

The  great  fprouts,  with  fo  many  clofe 
boughs,  entirely  fhut  out  the  fun-beams; 
and  the  cavities  within  repe.it  an  echo  three 
or  tour  times. 

Moll  of  the  citizens  of  La/;;7(/(j  have  there 
feveral  little  fiicli  verdant  arbors,  where 
they  come  over  to  divert  themfelves,  and 
wlr.ch,  together  with  ihe  ever  green  trees 
pi  uned  about,  afford  a  very  agreeable 
profpeft. 

The  leaves  of  the  young  boughs  rcfem- 
ble  liiol'e  ot  the  i[uince  tree,  being  of  a 
wliiLilli  green  and  woolly.  The  fruit  with- 
in and  without  red,  fprings  between  the 
leaves  of  the  yoting  branehes  like  an  ordi- 
nary fig. 

\'ery  credible  eye-witneires  report,  that 
three  thoufand  men  may  be  lliclter'd  under 
one  of  thefe  trees. 

Within  its  outcrmofl  or  firfl  bark,  they 
find  lomewhat  like  a  thread  or  yarn,  which 
being  beaten,  cleanlcd,  antl  drawn  out  at 
length,  the  common  people  make  cloth  of. 

This  tree  grows  alio  in  /Ir.ihi.t,  and  linliaj 
where  the  inhabitants,  cutting  away  the 
fmall  boughs,  make  arbors  under  tl. -11  for 
coolnels  and   fliade. 

Mcr'jilu  I'ays,  all  the  drinking  water  ufed 
in  the  i  ity  is  taken  \.\\>  in  tiiis  ifland  ■,  and  the 
llraiigell  is,  that  it  is  fweetefl  at  the  Hood, 
and  l.dt  orbr.ickilh  at  the  ebb. 

The  if.anders  ute  c.inoes  made  of  the 
bodies  of  date-trees' join'd  together,  in  which 
they  fight  at  fea. 

formerly  the  7''^"^  ilwelt  here,  but  the 
Porti'.gun'e  drove  them  out  in  the  year  1578. 
and  [)urfucd  them  to  ^faj/:iigaii ;  at  the  fime 
time  raifipg  a  fort  there  lor  their  fecurity. 

In  this  ifland  the  grey-colour'd5!/«ioj  are 
taken  up,  which  carried  to  C;//y^'-<?,  and  other 
places,  go  for  current  money  i  fo  that  this 
place  may  juftly  be  term'd  the  mint  ot 
Congo,  i'or  tlio'  other  parts  of  the  coafts 
of  C'.iigo  produce  Simla.',  yet  thofe  of  Lo- 
anJti  are  tiie  bell. 

It  is  comtnonly  the  women  who  gather  or 
fifli  thefe  Suiihs  out  of  the  fea,  in  this  man- 
ner ;  they  walk  to  about  the  knees,  or 
their  middle  in  the  water,  with  certain  bal- 
kets,  which  they  fill  with  the  land,  among 
which  the  Simboi  breed,  and  returning  to 
the  beach,  pick  them  out.  Theti:  Ihellsare 
ot  two  forts,  males  and  females,  and  very 
6  R  fmall  ; 


■  fi'   nil 

m 

(.!;:■;  ;:4;|a 

;;■■'  *'..  '■■  ,   * 


'm 


'ii|i 


V 


?2I 


j4  VotAdE  to  Congo-River. 


iVi 


'p 


V'lt 


Rarhoi-.  rmnll  i    the  feinales  are  of  the  bfft  colour 
■-^V^'  .ind  handlbme. 

Tlie  two  entrances  into  the  port  of  the 
city  Loandj,  form'ii,  as  was  faid  before,  by 
this  iflantl,  arc  on  the  north  and  Ibuth.  That 
on  the  foiith  c.illM  Barra  tie  Corimba,  where 
formerly  was  about  f.ve  fathom  water,  is 
now  alnioll  choakM  with  fand.  The  Por- 
tugucfe  had  formerly  two  batteries  on  this  en- 
trance, but  the  water  has  aimoft  wafliM 
them  away. 

About  two  miles  from  Barra  tie  Corimba, 
on  the  continent,  is  a  little  promontory,  in 
Porlugne/l-  call'd  Poiita  (Jo  Pnlmerinho. 

A  mile  and  a  half  fouihward  of  it  is  the 
SU,-p,Ts  haven,  and  the  lime-kilns,  where 
the  Porttigiiffc  bum  oifter-fliells  to  make 
lime. 

Four  miles  and  a  half  from  Sl,ypen  haven 
is  the  river  Cfl(/A'  .1,  where  formerly  the  ])i<lci> 
had  a  fort,  c.\\\\\  M'llle,  before  fpoken  of. 
To  perfcifl  tliisdefcription,  I  have  added 
Plate  30. a  maj)  ofthecoalt  of  yliifin/n,  from  the  river 
Bc-ii^a  to  the  Coatifa,  with  the  iflainl  of  T.o- 
tiiii'tt,  taken  from  that  made  by  the  king  of 
Portugal's  command,  often  before  mm- 
tioii'd. 

I  have  ihereon  given  the  figure  of  thi- 
mermaitl,  in  two  feveral  poftuies,  markM 
A.  B.  having  before  defcribed  it  from  Me- 
rolla. 

The  fidi  with  a  long  fharp  horn,  repre- 
fented  in  the  fmie  cut,  at  the  letter  C,  was 
given  me  on  the  coaft  of  Guinea,  by  one 
Mr.  Cui  ':hot,  an  ingenious  man,  who  had 
made  fome  voyages  to  the  Eajl-Indiei,  who 
took  it  from  the  life,  which  was  four  or  five 
toot  long. 

To  return  to  the  charts,  they  fhow  the 
depths  and  Ibundings  along  thecoalf  of  the 
Loiirr  Kth'wpiit,  from  Rio  tli's  .Irnafias,  on 
the  fouth  fide  of  cape  Lope  Gonzales,  as 
follows:  fronj  that  river  to  cape  67.  Ca- 
ibtriiu-  twelve  fathom  ;  thence  to  Serras  ilo 
S  !>ito  Sriri.'o  twelve  ;  thence  to  Cabo  Sri^iintlo 
eight  and  nine  ;  thence  to  Porlo  tic  Masom- 
hc  twelve  and  ten  ;  thence  to  Ar.gr a  do  In- 
d'.o  twelve  anil  fifteen  ;    thence  to  liio  das 


S$undin\ 


'£' 


Moulas  eight  i  thence  to  Rio  de  Se  fifteen  ; 
thence  to  the  bay  of  Cabiiide  four,  five  and 
fix  ;  in  the  mouth  of  the  river  Zair  or  Congo 
fevcn  j  from  Barreiros  Braucas  to  Rio  do 
/Indrez  eight  to  ten  ;  and  from  thence  to 
Rio  Bett^p  eight,  fix  and  eight :  where  end 
the  obfervations  of  the  depths  along  the 
coaft  fouthward. 

The  common  trade-winds  at  the  coafl  ofj,,^,, 
Angola    blow   from    fouth-wcfl  to  fouth,  aiiA. 
till  about  twelve  degrees  longitude  from  the 
meridian  of  the  ifle  of  Litiidy,  which  is  the 
common  meridian  of  the  F.nglijh.     At  fome 
diftance  from  the  fliore,  they  are  fometimes 
a  point  more  to  the  wef\ward,    and  thole 
who  have  been   there  feveral   voyages  fay, 
they  found  them  always  in  the  fame  quarter, 
and  not  fubjeft  to  fhift,  all  the  time  they 
(laid  at  that  coaft.     The  dry   Icaion  thtjt  Siapm. 
has  been  obferv'd  to  be  fioni  the  latter  end 
of  April  till  Scj lumber,    tho'  Ibmetimes  in- 
termix'd  with  pleal'ant  fliowers  of  rain.     I 
cannot  be  lb  prerife  as  to  tlu:  wet  feafon. 

The  true  fea-breeze  has  been  commonly  iM.i,,,^ 
obferv'd  there  to  be  from  welt  (buth-weft 
to  weft  by  Ibuth,  if  the  weather  be  fair,  and 
the  land-breeze  at  caft  by  north  ;  but  if  a 
tornado  happens,  it  makes  the  winds  fliift  all 
round  the  compals,  and  at  laft  fettle  at  fouth- 
weff,  which  is  the  true  trade-wind,  as  has 
been  faid. 

Thus  I  have  run  through  all  the  parts  of 
the  Lower  Ethiapia,  to  the  kingdoms  of 
Ben^uella  and  Malaman,  both  to  the  fouth- 
ward of  Angola,  being  the  utmoft  extent  of 
the  trading  coaft  i  beyond  which,  isthecoafl; 
of  the  Cdfres,  a  moll  brutal  generation, 
where  no  Ibrt  of  commerce  has  ever  been. 
I  have  extended  lb  far,  that  nothing  might 
be  wanting  to  make  this  the  moll  compleat 
ilefcription  of  North  and  South  Guwea  of 
any  yet  extant  ;  hoping  it  may  not  only 
lerve  for  the  eniertainment  and  inftruiftion 
of  tholt,  who  dcfire  to  be  acquainted  with 
fb-eign  countries,  without  the  toils  and  ha- 
zards of  long  voyages,  but  prove  of  ule  to 
Inch  as  make  trade  and  the  li^a  their  pio- 
fefTion. 


!;■•.■ 


\; 


The  END  o/t&eFiRST    Book  0/ //6^  Supplement, 


Se  fifteen  -, 
ur,  five  and 
^eiir  or  Congo 
s  to  Kio  do 
m  thence  to 
:  where  end 
I  along  the 

the  coaft  ofrrAdt- 
i  to  fuu[h,»i'i>'j. 
idc  from  the 
whicli  is  the 
I.     At  feme 
re  fomt'timcs 
,    and  thole 
voyages  ("ay, 
ime  c]iiarter, 
ic  time  they 
(eaion  there  ^M/»n;, 
le  latter  ind 
metimes  iii- 

ot    rain.     I 
jet  fcafon. 
I  commonly  jM.*r„;, 
i  foiith-wtft: 

be  (air,  and 
h  •,  but  if  a 
Mnds  llufc  all 
:tlc  at  fouth- 
vind,  as  has 

the  parts  of 
ingdoms  of 
[o  the  foiith- 
ofl:  extent  of 
I,  is  the  co.ifl 

generation, 
s  ever  been. 

hing  might 

it  complcat 
b  Guinea  of 
xy  not  only 
inftruftion 
uaintcd  with 
oils  anil  iia- 
ive  (.)f  ule  to 
I  their  pio- 


ENT, 


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,  //:  J'juth  SiJi  of    i~jrfdrrntiiiu   ahi  i^  Jt-,/,////.' 


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n 


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a^Jaflt'iHiib  ffit>l,i^fcia;flfc.vjabi  ..JKL 


X£.  the  Toint  of  ifiwil  Cdiuiv  at    //'  -T,  //'. 


iihj  dt  irk-r/ii 


^fc-^ -^ -TtT"^'^*'^     ■^■^^J'^**'^^  II  Mwr'        "iTlfc      r       Va    ii>i  I  if- -y^^'^ia    * ^1m  ir     K- 1 — '■  '^lijy'^i  ^f^"*^-!     --  '^ 

;.'D    c//'/  '^  -Lddd/ic's  Ji.rtdihv  ill  Sl'u 


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T  11  F 


SUPPLEMENT 


B    O     O     K      II. 


'      ." 


Si'.if-j!i  ,'9   /".rl  ! ij-  Oi'iNi; A. 

IAmol  oiiinioii,  thu  the  prop. rcK  liu- 
loi)  1(1  ii'iukr  till'  Ci'/ia'i'ij  v(jy,i^i'>,  mull 
|)ii;llH rolls  aii'l  Till',  i>  toiitiurC  I'lum 
/','«•  o/cilioiit  the  I.ittirciii!  n(Sr/r-i/r-i'r, 
1(1  <nii)y  tlic  loi:|',cr  tlic  ;',()ocl  rrafoii  oiuh.it 
coilbi  ami  to  li.ivc.i  liiffi  iciu  time  to  cariy 
on  cIk'  trailt:  ili;n',  I'o  as  to  rcatli  tlu;  /,(V- 
-Li-aril  ifliinlsot  Jiiuricu  by  tlif  laiti.T  end  of 
ylpril  tollowin^!;,  which  is  the  tiiiif  when 
they  make  tin-  (ii^!;ar  thtrc  •,  that  fo  diii'S 
may  have  their  tull  lailin<;,  am'  liiilthmcc 
lor  Etiro;^-  a[',ain  lictorc  the  lealon  ol'  hurri- 
canes tliere  ;  ami  airivc  here  bit'ore  thi; 
boiftcroiis  weatlid,  whii  h  ufuaiiy  niyns  on 
our  oifts  abonr  the  he(^inning  of  Or/oba; 
which  the  l-'ii-iuh  llile  Coups  Jn  vents  il'  la 
Si.  Michel,  or  M'ubj,:'mai  lloriivs  ;  tliclail 
ctVefts  whereof"  i  ruiridently  felt  inO./'.kr 
i6Si,  aboanl  the  7<;.7^  maii-ot-war.  Having 
lailM  from  Rcch.l  lo.ul  on  the  feveiuh  ot' 
0,  'rl\r  tor  the  loalt  ol  Gu'virn,  ami  after  we 
had  fi,i!;htolcaiH'0)/i'(7j/,  in  daH.i.i,  wc  nut 
with  fiich  a  violent  itorni  from  ti\e  I'outh- 
wclV,  and  variable,  that  we  were  fixieen 
days  tolTed  up  and  down  in  the  bay,  the 
fca  running  mountain  hij^h,  and  dreadfully 
breaking  into  our  fliip,  whicli  fpoil'd  abun- 
dance of  our  provifions,  and  much  dilabied 
us  in  our  tails  and  ri^;ging.  However,  being 
a  llrong  fliip,  we  kept  fea  ;  but  our  ptfTige 
to  Senega  river  iafted  forty  eight  tiays  : 
whereas,  in  a  former  voyage  begun  a  fort- 
night later,  we  made  our  [jaltigc  in  twenty 
four  days. 

In  this  manner  we  make  onxGuinea  voyages 
without  much  hazard  or  fitigue ;  being  in 
a  manner  certain,  to  have  moft  of  the  time 
good  fair  weather,  and  no  confiderablc  tem- 
pefts  at  fea  -,  either  at  our  departing  from 
Europe,  during  our  paflage,  or  whilft  we 
carry  on  the  trade  on  thecoafts  of  Nigriiia, 


thit  is,  at  Sen.rjf,  (imi'vi,  and  Cinwa  ; 
nor  ill  the  voyage  from  tlicnce  to  ih;  main, 
111  tothe  iflandsof  ./"/^-r,,.!,  neither  iluriny 
our  Hay  tli're:  as  likewife,  in  our  return 
thriice  to  Eiiro/i,  it  will  prnb ibly  fneus, 
in  foine  meafuir,  hum  itie  leuip  tluou-i  wea- 
tiier  often  reigning  in  .7.ri,y/  about  the  Btr- 
iiiiiildi  illands  i  and  on  the  coalls  of  Htiliiny 
and  Poi./oii  in  O.-lohcr,  if  we  ilo  not  reach 
land  (bme  time  before  Mu/uirlmai. 

Our  eourfe  from  R'v/jel  lo  Gidiifa,  was^'"""/'- 
dircdcd  for  cipe  Ihiiilenr  in  (Jiiluii,  fo  as 
to  have  fight  of  it,  if  pofTiblc  ;  or  twenty 
to  twenty-five  leagues  well  of  It,  according 
as  the  wind  ferv'd. 

I-'iom  that  cijie  we  fleer'd  fouth  fouth- 
welf,  dirtiJ'tly  for  ;\/.)i/:7i(,  if  we  had  occa- 
fion  to  call  there  ;  or  fouth  by  ealf,  to 
lir.iii  Caiiiiiiii.  Others  pifs  betwixt  this 
idaiid  and  I'ui-ric  Vtriuia  ;  others,  alter 
lii\ing  touch'd  at  Ma.ierii,  or  otiierwife, 
coming  Irom  the  noitliward,  pafs  by  the 
w(  it  of  Puima,  fonietliius  in  light  ot  it  ; 
and  others  yet  more  wellerly,  as  is  thought 
moil  propir,  or  as  the  wind  lerves.  At  my 
lirlt  voyage  F  palled  betwixt  Fii--rie  Centura 
and  Ciedt  Ciliary  ;  and  at  the  li-cond,  be- 
twixt the  former  and  the  main  land  of  Jfrica ; 
and  thereby  hail  the  opportunity  of  draw- 
ing the  prolpeds  of  Lancnota,  Graciofa, 
Flier te  Centura,  Great  Canary.,  Teneriff  AnA 
Gmiura,  as  in  the  print  here  annex'd,  forpL^TEjc 
the  advantage  or  fati^fuflion  of  travellers. 

Tiie  other  cut  reprefents  the  two  fmall  Plate  i31 
iflands,  L.is  Dejkrtas,  eafl  fouth-caft  of 
AlaJera,  the  town  and  road  of  Fiincbal,  in 
the  latter  ;  with  the  prolpefts  of  Camera, 
the  pike  of  Tenerijf,  and  Palma,  drawn  by 
my  nephew  Jamet  Bail/ot,  in  his  paflage  to 
Coii^o,  as  niention'd  in  the  firft  book  of 
the  Supplement. 

0/ 


W^^ 


a  \  ,«.•• 


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M 


hi 

i   '  p 


-HTs-  >':, 


I'll;  !Ji:i:^ 


WkM:!" 


l^) 


')^4 


A  Description  of 


tJi'i 


Pauiiot.  O'Madera  rt«i/  Porto  Santo. 
^-'V>-"-T-HK  ifiAmi  Mdikra,  lb  callM  by  the 
*•  Sja>:iar,ls,  Ma'.eiia  by  the  Portu^iun'e, 
and  by  the  ancients  Cern,'  Ailantua.,  lies  in 
one  degree  thirty-nine  minutes  longitude  , 
and  tiiirty-two  def^ees  thirty  minutes  of 
north  latitude  ■,  being  about  twenty  leag  'es 
in  length,  I'eveii  or  eight  in  breadth,  and 
forty-eight  in  circumterem.^. 

Some  (ay  it  was  firft  dilcoverM  by  an 
Engijhman,  call'd  Macharn,  anno  i  ^44. 
But  the  Por::,gurie  iVem  to  claim  the  dilco- 
very  thereof  more  fairly,  under  Joan  Gon- 
7,ilc'z  and  T'nilan  y<n,  anno  I4:<)- 

The  air  is  far  more  temperate  than  in  ih' 
Ci»/<jrv  irt.inds,  antl  the  loil  more  fertile  in 
corn,  wine,  lugar  and  truitv,  bring  rniu  h 
better  waterM  by  live  or  fix  little  riveis; 
but  is  alike  llor'd  with  the  fime  forts  of 
cattle,  birds;  planf- and  trees,  from  whence 
is  extraifled  Siingidi  DrMoui.',  mallick  and 
other  gums, 

Wh-n  (iril  difeover'd  by  the  Pc<!:r^u-.J 
in  14^0,  it  was  all  owr  coverM  with  woods, 
and  th;nce  eall'il  M.i.ki'i!,  and  thofe  being 
let  on  lire,  coniinu'd  burning  feven  years;  al- 
ter which,  they  fountl  the  loil  extraordinary 
fertile,  but  at  preknt  it  is  much  decay'd. 

The  chief  town  is  hinchiil.  an  epifeopal 
fee,  IlitVr.igan  to  the  archbiniop  of  L-jJ'on, 
lying  in  the  bottom  of  a  bay,  as  the  al)ovc 
nientuin'd  cut  repr  fents. 

Bclides  which,  there  arc  two  other  covvns, 
Alonceruo  and  Santa  Grace,  with  thirty -fix 
parillies,  a  college  and  monaltery  of  ji  luiis, 
five  other  monalleries,  fourhofpitals,  eighty- 
two  hermitages,  and  leveral  fine  feats  and 
tallies  about  the  country.  Fnii.l'.i!  llanils 
.It  the  foot  of  a  higli  hill,  in  a  narrow  long 
form,  defended  by  three  forts  or  caftles. 

This  iflmd  is  ten  leagues  weft  from  that 
of  Pvc/o  5  ij/7;,  (ivcn  from  the  two  little 
defirt  illaiids,  and  about  one  huHvlred  and 
fifty  well  from  the  near-jft  main  land  of 
/■'  ;  in  .Ifi-ha. 

The  king  of  Por.'ug.h'i  J.IfLii.laJo,  or  go- 
vernor, generally  refides  at  Funshil.  The 
road  is  very  bad  10  ride  in,  tho'  Ihips  may 
ilo  it  within  piftol-lhot  of  the  town,  becaufe 
the  boifferous  fouth-weft  winds  often  force 
them  from  tlieir  anchors,  and  they  mull: 
then  of  nec(  (Tity  make  out  to  lea,  to  avoid 
the  tv-o  iPands  call'd  D>'fu'rta>.  All  Euro- 
j-ran  nations  trade  thither,  anil  receive  in 
exchange  fjr  their  cominodities  wine,  much 
ufed  throughout  all  the  .tmrman  iflands, 
as  keeping  bed:  in  hot  countries  ;  f igar, 
Wiix,  or.inges,  lemmons,  pomegranates  and 
citrons. 

Porio  S.imo  was  difcovcr'd  by  the  lame 
perfons   a>    Madera,    and    is    about    eight 
leagues  in  compafs,  having  on  it  fom.-  vit 
lagrs  .ind  h.imKts;  bein^;  alio  fubjeift  to  the 
crown  of  Portugal, 


The  Ca  N'AR  Y  rp.aihb. 
1X7 EST  of  the  coall  of  BUedul.i^i-i id  in 
^^  .-Ifnca,  are  the  illands  call'd  (7,;;/,j>-iV(j 
after  the  name  of  the  largelt  of  tlu-m 
thought  to  be  the  fortunate  iflands  of  the 
ancients.  They  have  been  lubjert  to  the 
crown  of  Spam,  fince  the  year  1417,  when 
firft  dilcover'd  by  "Jnbit  (h  Hctanccuri,  a 
French  man,  in  the  fervice  of  the  king  of 
Cajlil,;  who  fubdu'd  Fierte  Ventura  and 
Ltnzarote;  as  others  alter  him  did  the  reft, 
from  that  time  to  the  year  141)6. 

In  the  days  of  FerJinaiul  king  of  Callilr, 
and  /Ufoufo  the  lilth  of  Poriiri.il,  each  ol 
them  claiming  a  riglit  to  the  other's  domi- 
nions, and  ailliming  their  lith.-s,  there  en  • 
fu'd  a  bloody  war  bitwixt  the  S/uiiiiar.ii 
and  Poriiiguef:-,  till  both  fides  being  fpent, 
a  p.ace  was  concluded  in  1479  at  .He  bazas, 
on  the  fourth  of  Seft-mher  ;  by  which  they 
reciprocally  renount'd  th;ir  pretenfion.s,  and 
it  was  therein  llipulated,  tliat  the  Canary 
illands  fliould  iiitu'ely  belong  to  th'i  crown 
of  C.ijilU;  and  the  commerce  aiul  naviga- 
tion ol  G'»;'.v,;  to  that  ol  Poit!'gai',  exclufive 
ol  the  CaiVdiam. 

There  are  twelve  ifl  inds  in  all,  but  only^y.,,,^,^ 
feven  of  note.     Z.,;;/.\r , /,•  and   Fiicrtc  Pen-fiu  f.y. 
//(>•./ lie  moft  to  the  eaftward  ;  then  Gran''"'-  ' 
Car.irta,     Tenei  i/f,     Gc-nra,     llierro     and 
Palma,    thefe  two  Lift  the  moft  wefterly. 
They  all  lie  betwixt  the  firft  antl  the   fixth 
or  feventh  degrees  of  longituile,    and  be- 
twixt the   twenty-fourth   and   the  twenty- 
eighth  degrees  of  latitude,  or  the  twenty- 
ninth,  if  we  include  the  two  call'd  Salvages. 

Gran  Canaria,  which  has  communicatetlG-m  Ci 
its  name  to  the    reft,  is   in  thr^e    degreesiura. 
forty  minutes  longitud",  and  twen;y-fix  de- 
grees thirty  minufs  of  latituele,  being  thir- 
teen or  fourteen   leagues  long,  and   about 
forty  in  compafs. 

Teneriff,  by  theancienf  call'd  N:varia,-x,na.n. 
is  in  two  degrees  thirty  minutes  longitude, 
and  twenty-leven  degrees  of  latitinti-,  and 
about  fixty  le.igues  in  compafs:  it  is  famous 
for  ihe  loliy  mountain  call'd  the  P.ke  of 
Tene'-i'f,  rifing  in  the  form  of  a  fugar-loaf 
to  fuch  a  prodigious  height,  that  I  have 
feen  it  plain  .it  forty-five  leagues  dillance, 
fliowing,  as  reprefented  in  the  print  herepnTrj, 
annextnl. 

Fu-->.'e  Venliira,  in  ancient  geography  Caf-Vaer<e 
/eria,\ks  in  live  ilegrees  thirty  minutes  Ion- Vi-niun, 
gitude,  and  twenty-fix  elegrees  of  latitude  ; 
being  .ibout  twenty-five  leagues  long  from 
foutliwell  to  northeaft,  che  breadth  very 
irregular  ;  but  the  circumference  about 
leventy-five  leagues  round  the  coafts,  which 
form  two  bays,  much  like  the  ends  of  the 
Mall  crofs. 

Laiu.arnt,',  formerly  Crn':iria,  is  in   fivei.inM- 
degrees  forty-five    minutes  longitutle,    andr'J'-'^- 
twenty-feven  degrees  latitude ;  about  thitrcen 

leagues 


^Mi!': 


the  Canary  Iflands. 


?i? 


Gomcra. 


ilicnu. 


firiciola. 
«.J  Aic- 


Mtitm 
kinu. 


leagues  long  from  north  to  fouth,   nine  in 
breadth,  and  forty  in  compafs. 

Gomera,  the  Theode  of  the  ancients,  is  in 
the  firft  degree  of  longitude,  and  twenty- 
feventh  of  latitude,  about  twenty-two  leagues 
in  circumference,  having  a  pretty  good 
haven,  and  a  town  of  the  lame  name,  which 
might  probably  be  derived  from  tlie  Go- 
meres,  a  people  of  /Ifrica,  living  on  the 
mountains  of  the  little  .lllcn,  according  to 
I^Inrmol. 

The  ifland  lltcnn,  as  the  Spaiiiat-ils  call  it, 
tho'  others  more  frequently  I'erro,  in  an- 
cient geography  Plurialia,  is  betwixt  thr; 
filft  meridian  and  thirty  minutes  of  hiiigi- 
tude,  and  in  twenty-fix  deu;recs  forcy-tivc 
minutes  latitude ;  about  ten  leagues  long, 
live  broad,  ami  twcnty-fivc  in  compafs:  the 
foil  dry  and  barren  in  fome  parts,  for  want 
of  water,  which  lias  given  many  authors  oc- 
cafion  to  tell  a  formal  ilory  of  a  tree  llip- 
plyiiig  all  the  ifland  with  water,  which  is 
lincc  known  to  be  a  fable,  and  therefore  not 
worth  mentioning.  This  ifland  is  become 
particularly  famous,  from  the  French  navi- 
gators placing  their  firft  meridian  in  the 
center  ol"  it. 

GrncioJ'a  and  AIe<^rli  have  notiiing  in 
them  worth  obferving  i  b\it  the  fiift  was 
by  the  ancients  call'd  "Jtiniona  Major  ;  and 
the  latter  Junioiia  Minor. 

Palma  anciently  Cn/raria,  lies  in  thirty 
minutes  longitude,  and  twenty-fevcn  de- 
grees forty  minutes  latitude,  and  is  feven 
leagues  long,  ten  in  breadth,  and  twenty- 
fix  in  compafs :  in  it  is  the  mountain  of 
floats,  whence  its  former  name  ;  and  which 
ufed  to  call  out  fire  and  ftoncs. 

The  air  of  thefe  iflands  in  general  is  good, 
tho'  iiot ;  and  the  foil  fertile,  producing 
wheat,  barley,  millet,  and  excellent  wine, 
tranfported  thence  to  mod  parts  of  Eitrofe ; 
but  more  particularly  to  Groat-Britain. 
There  are  abundance  of  poplar,  fig,  pome- 
granate, citron,  and  orange-trees :  they  alio 
yielil  lugar  and  dragon's  blood,  befides 
ibme  other   forts  of  gum. 

Moil  of  the  inhabitants  are  Spaniards ;  but 
there  are  fomc  remains  of  the  ancient  na- 
tives, call'd  Guanches,  a  very  aftive  nimble 
people,  living  on  the  mountains,  who  feed 
niolHy  on  goats  milk,  being  a  hardy  bold 
|)cople,  of  a  tawny  complexion,  nosv  civi- 
liz'd  by  the  Spuni'irds  living  among  them. 

The  Spanifj  fleets  returning  from  the 
JVell-Indics  often  make  thefe  ifiands  their 
placeofrendezvous.  Toconclude  with  them, 
I  have  obferv'd  that  the  high  fouth  fouth- weft 
wind  fwells  the  ocean's  waves  very  much  be- 
tween the  Canaries,  but  it  feldom  blows 
there.  From  the  latitude  of  the  mouth  of 
the  ftreights  to  thefe  iflands,  we  had  always 
good  fport,  catching  doradoes,  (hr.i-ks,  fly- 
ing filhcs,  fea-dogs,  and  tunny-fifli. 

Vol.  V. 


Voyage  eontimt'd,  Bahbot. 

T*  O  return  to  our  voyage :  Whether  you  "^^^^"^ 

fail  between  Gran  Canaria  and  Fuerte 
Ventura,  or  between  this  latter  and  the  con- 
tinent of  Africat  you  are  to  make  cape  Bo- 
jador,  on  the  coaft  of  the  Zenegues,  as  the 
Porttiguefe  call  them,  or  Znenziga,  accor- 
ding to  the  French  ;  which  province  is  by 
ibme  reckoned  a  part  of  Libia  Interior,  ex- 
tending it  to  Cal/o  Rranco,  or  white  cape :  tho* 
other  authors  p'ace  its  limits  on  the  coaft 
between  cape  Nao  anil  cape  Bojad^r,  and 
at  this  Lift  comineme  the  kingdom  of  Gua- 
Lila,  and  thei.ce  to  ^'tw^jZ-river  extend  tl-  .t 
ot   Gei'.iljoa. 

The  ancient  geograp!iy  lays  down  a  place  ^„„,„, 
near  cape  Rjjador  fomewha';  fouth  of  Cbi-  ,.aM„. 
Jinii  Fluviiis,  giving  the  name  of  Sira^iis 
to  the  people  inhabiting  that  maritime  part 
of  Jj'ri.a,  between  the  fiitl  river  CiijUrus 
and  that  call'd  Salalhiis,  which  falls  into 
the  ocean  oppofitc  to  Fuerie  I  enliir.i,  one  of 
the  Canary  iflaiuls  above-mcntion'd,  exten- 
ding them  to  the  mountain  Jt!as  Major, 
which  fepaiated  the  ancient  Gelu'i  from  die 
/Iut')!ot(C  anil  the  Tin;^itana,  now  Morocco  ; 
and  to  the  fouthward  ol'  the  Siran^n'  places 
the  yW<j«/o//,  extending  to  the  \'wc\- Ophidius, 
now  Rio  do  Ouro,  or  the  golden  river. 

We  ufually  fail  along  this  coaft,  at  about  (,  /,. 
feven,eight,or  nine  leagues  diftance,  in  thirty,  "'^' 
thirty-five,  forty,  and  forty-five  fathom  wa- 
ter, landy-grouiid,  mix'd  with  fmall  foul 
ftones;  but  within  two  leagues  of  the  ftiore 
the  ilcpth  is  eight  and  ten  fathom.  The 
wind  generally  varies  from  north  toeaft,  and 
very  rarely  comes  to  ibuth-well. 

Cape  Bojador  is  ib  called  from  its  running (7^^,,  \^^. 
far  out  into  the  fea,  which  the  name  imports; jidor. 
and  has  a  bending,  whieh  makes  a  hollow  or 
fort  of  bay.  'i'he  Portirj^iie,?  form,  riy  durft 
not  fail  any  thing  near  it,  for  fear  the  tide, 
which  fets  ftrong  there,  lliouKI  cirry  them 
upon  the  breakings  and  Ibo.ils  that  are  about 
the  cape.  For  many  years  tluit  nation  would 
not  venture  beyond  c;ipe  A'.;;;,  fearing  they 
fliould  not  be  able  to  return  home  ;  and 
therefore  gave  it  tliat  n.imc,  to  denote  there 
was  no  going  beyond  it  :  but  having  at  laft 
furmounted  that  diificulry,  they  ftuck  no 
lefs  at  cape  Bojador.  Giles  Vanez  was  the 
firft  ofth.it  nation,  who  had  the  courage  to 
pals  beyond  that  dreadful  cape,  which  is  by 
fome  fuppofed  to  be  the  mount  of  the  fun, 
of  the  ancients  1  and  by  others,  Pto''->iif& 
Arfiiarium.  Not  far  from  it  is  the  town 
Bojador  ;  and  about  eighty  leagues  eaftward, 
up  the  country,  begins  tlic  famous  ridge  of 
mountains,  called  by  geographers  Alias  Ma-^j^,^^, 
jor,  lying  between  the  provinces  of  Btledui-  AtUt 
gerid  and  Znciiziga,  and  reaching  with  its 
tops  above  the  clouds  ;  whence  the  heathen 
poets  took  the  fiftion  of  Atlat\  bearing  the 
heaven*  on  his  fhoulders. 

6  S  Cape 


..rfe-i  mt 


::'-.i 


J  - 


'^  '.I'M'-- 


Mi 


■'it- 


;■» 


W'M'li 


i 


i»ft:.!*:'r'- 


i-'t 


l^^U 


i:- 


;.?[:' i 


IMi.  •: ; 


W:i 


^zd 


^  Description  of  the 


Tljlii. 


RvKnoT.      Cipe  BojaJar  lies  in  twenty-fix  degrees  of 

^■OT*^ north-l.it ituile,  and  three  hundred  fifty-three 

degrees  fifty    minutes    longitude  em;  the 

current  about  it  fets  fouth  fouth-weft  eigiiC 

leagues. 

The  co.ift  all  along  from  this  cape  to 
Jn^'a  tics  Ruy--Ps,A  large  bay,  about  thirty- 
five  leagues  well  of  it,  is  very  hilly  and 
mountainous,  but  lowering  as  it  draws  nearer 
to  the  bay,  and  has  no  place  of  any  note  bc- 
fides  Pmba  Gr,iihL;  ten  leagues  foutii  of 
the   cape. 

Altera  (hi  Riiyvos  is  a  bay  facing  the  weft, 
and  lias  but  three  fathom  water  between 
the  two  points,  and  two  witiiin,  and  con- 
fcquently  only  capabK- of  fnuU  fliips.  Giles 
Tiiitt'Z,  who  difcovered  it  in  tiic  year  1434, 
gave  it  the  name  •,  becaule  he  found  there 
abundance  of  the  fifh  the  Porlngui-fe  call 
Kkw"',  and  the  Eii'i^hjh  gurnets.  Four  or 
five  leagues  fartiicr  to  the  loutliward  lies 
Pnrto  Jc  \J.\!rn  :  the  lliore  lu-re  is  lb t  and 
baircn,  producing  nothing  but  Luge  bul- 
nifhcs.  On  the  fouth-fide  of  that  bay  ap- 
pears a  deep  high  point,  which  at  a  dif- 
tance  llicws  like  a  forcrefs. 

The  fea  along  this  coall  aflbrds  an  in- 
credible quantity  of  Pargues  and  Sardes, 
two  forts  of  pretty  large  fi(h,  of  an  ex- 
cellent tafte  ;  of  which,  in  two  hours  time  we 
lay  by  in  tbrty-five  fathom  wa  er,  wc 
caught  above  an  hundred  with  lines  and 
hooks,  amongft  which  were  alio  fome  fea- 
dogs,  and  another  fort  of  fifli  larger  than 
the  former,  called  by  the  Fnncb  captains  i 
ilie  figure  whereof,  and  of  the  Parguei  -^wX 
.^  Sard:-!,  I  drew,  as  reprelented  in  the  print. 
We  took  notice  of  two  forts  of  the  S.irJes  ; 
the  capt.iin  is  the  bell:  meat  of  them  all,  be- 
ing very  white,  firm  and  favoury  :  the  head 
of  it  is  much  like  that  of  the  French  Ro- 
r/jt/filli,  but  not  red,  being  of  a  bright 
brown,. ind  uglv  to  look  at.  I  have  had  fome 
.iccount  of  .1  Ion  of  fifli  much  like  this,  in 
feveral  parts  of  the  IFr/l-fiuiu's,  and  in  the 
fouth  fe.i,  efpecially  about  the  \(\.inA  Juait 
Fi-yn.iii.ii-i,  near  the  coall  of  Cbili ;  .md  is 
callM  in  thole  parts  the  Snapfn;  being  of 
the  lh.i}ie  of  a  gurnet,  but  much  bigger, 
with  a  great  head  and  tnouth,  and  l.irge 
gills  and  fins;  the  back  of  a  deep  bright 
red,  and  its  belly  of  a  filver  colour :  the 
fcales  as  large  as  a  fliilling,  and  the  flelh 
very  excellent  to  eat  ;  all  which  qualities 
anfwer  exadly  to  this  captain-fifii  I  have 
mention'd.and  am  apt  to  believe  it  a  fnapper. 

The  inhabitants  of  the  Canary  iflands  and 
of  Madera,  come  hither  with  a  number  of 
barks  and  floops  yearly, to  catch  thefe  filhes, 
which  they  fak  like  Newfoundland-hAnV.  cod, 
.nnd  makeagrcattrade  thereof  in  their  iflands. 

We  caught  at  another  time  abundance  of 
this  fifh,  before  a  place  call'd  the  Setie  M  n- 
tf!,  in  forty  ftthom  water,  ftony -ground 


Fl.ATE    }1 


mix'd  with  fmall  fhells:  thefe  forts  of  fifh, 
like  the  cod,  keep  always  near  the  bottom 
of  the  liea  in  deep  water,  and  require  very 
long  lines  to  reach  them.  We  made  at  firft 
our  baits  of  pieces  of  fielli,  or  of  herrings  ; 
and  when  we  had  got  loine  of  them  aboard, 
us'd  them,  as  better  baits :  the  hooks  mull 
alio  be  pretty  ftrong.  'Tis  a  very  diver- 
ting, but  fomewhat  laborious  fport,  becaufe 
of  the  great  depth  of  the  water  it  mull  be 
hall'd  out  from. 

We  had  alio  almofl  every  day  the  diver- 
fionoffilhing  for  doradoes,  fliarks  and  itog- 
fifh.  We  commonly  (aught  doradoes  with 
an  harping-iron  darted  at  them,  as  they 
happened  to  fwim  near  the  lliip  almoll  on 
the  fuiface  of  the  ocean  ;  anil  for  lliarks, 
we  us'd  a  long  (lout  ii on  hook,  the  b.iit  be- 
ing a  large  piece otf.ilt  pork,  ot  which  that 
r.ipacious  creature  I'cemed  to  be  very  greedy. 

I  will  not  here  enter  upon  a  particular  de- 
fcription  of  cither  ot  theic  creatures,  the 
dorado  and  the  lliark,  as  being  now  fo  well 
known,  by  moft  travellers  or  people  of  any 
trading!  I  fliall  only  in  general  tak?  no- 
tice, that  the  dorado  is  the  moll  'xMuliful 
and  nobleft  fifli  in  the  univerl'e,  whenjuft: 
come  out  of  the  l\:.\.  The  Freiuh  failors  call 
it  improperly  the  dolphin:  the  name  of 
dorado  was  given  it  by  the  SramnrJs  or  rmni, 
Portugtiefe,  from  the  finepohfli'd,  enami  HM,A'''- 
tranip.irent  gold-colour,  ot  its  fcales  about 
the  back;  lo  wonderfully  intermix'd  with 
Ihining,  bright,  filver,  .ind  emcr.ild  green 
fpecks,  which  I  have  (udeavour'd  to  paint 
as  near  nature  as  I  was  c.ipable,  in  minia- 
ture ;  and  have  thole  oiiginally  by  m<-  dill. 
The  tail  and  fins  are  of  a  fine  gold  colour, 
and  the  belly  like  filver,  when  in  its  ele- 
ment ;  it  fbon  changes  aboard,  as  v.^e  obferve 
the  fame  fudden  alteration  in  the  mackarels 
m  Europe.  The  dorado  Idles  in  the  night- 
time look  of  a  fiery  colour,  the  fledi  of  that 
beautiful  filli  is  very  firm,  white,  and  of 
an  excellent  relilli,  efpecially  broii'd  on 
brifk  wood-co.ils  cut  in  flices,  about  two 
inches  thick,  and  faUed  for  an  hour  or  two. 
There  are  two  forts  of  doradoes,  and  ot  ei- 
ther male  and  female,  of  very  different  fi/.f 
and  colour:  that  which  I  drew  after  the  life, 
was  a  cock-dorado,  ne.ir  five  foot  long  ; 
which,  as  I  was  told  by  old  travellers,  is  tlie 
longeft  it  grows  to. 

The  doradoes  of  the /fwfMra;;  feas  differ 
from  thole  of  the  .-Ifncatt,  in  that  their  head 
is  longer  pointed,  whereas  thofe  of  Ajrica 
are  generally  fiat  nofed  and  round  ;  and  for 
that  reafon,  in  fome  refpect  not  fo  pleafing 
to  the  eye.  Thisfilli  is  no  thicker  than  our 
falmon :  the  other  fort  varies  from  this, 
in  that  the  two  extremities  of  its  jaws  ftretch 
a  little  farther  out,  and  that  the  fpecks  in- 
ftead  of  a  fine  deep  emerald-green,  arc  of  a 
lively  azure,  on  a  gold  ground.    Both  fores 

are 


notl  'x'.iutilul 


Wefiern  Coafit  tf  Africa. 


?27 


are  very  delicious,  and  acceptab' ;  to  travel- 
lers, efpecially  when  not  wtlj  fiirnifh'd  with 
a  variety  of  frefli  provifions,  as  it  often  hap- 
pens in  a  home  voyage,  or  return  from  re- 
mote parts  of  the  univerle.  Mr.  Cherot, 
a  furgeon  of  St.  Mah,  in  an  Eafl-htilin  voy- 
age faw  a  dor.ulo  vvhirli  he  affirms  was  full 
ciglit  foot  long,  in  tlie  latitude  of  twelve  de- 
grees ibuth  in  the  feas  of  Ma{ltij;itjcar. 

I  have  give  n  fo  large  an  account  of  tiic 
fli.irks  of  the  didii'in  feas,  in  the  precedent 
defcription,   liiat  I  refer  to  it. 

We  caugiit  a  great  quantity,  on  tliecoall: 
of  Zit-Kira,  of  a  fort  of  fifh  by  t!ie  I'r.  >tch 
called  Chieui  <h'  .V/,v,or  Ri'iiJJeti,-  :  ihey  wire 
generally  females,  each  iiig  with  two  lirtle 
ones  flint  up  in  a  bag,  falUnM  to  the  filh,  by 
a  pretty  long  lig.iimnf,  through  wiiich  the 
little  twins  were  iKHirini'd,  by  the  lubll.uue 
ri»TF.  31.  of  tiieir  d.im,  a^  the  figure  rejiref'nrs  it. 
That  b.ig  was  full  of  a  gloomy  yellow  lolt 
matter,  which  I  fu|i[iofc  was  to  keep  and 
nourilli  them  till  the  time  of  being  call  out 
by  nature. 

Thefe  being  taken  out  of  the  bag,  and 
thrown  into  a  large  tub  of  fea-water,  did 
fwim  as  nimbly  audfwifily,  as  it  they  h.id 
been  natur.dly  brought  forth  at  the  [iioper 
tiinc. 

This  obfervation  may  convince  fome  pe-- 
fons,  who  believe  that  all  forts  of  lilb  what- 
ever are  generated  out  of  (pawn,  and 
not  by  adtual  copulation,  as  with  the  qu.uiru- 
pedes :  for  befiiles  the  example  of  this  fifh 
f  now  inflancc,  the;  whales,  the  north- 
capers  or  gr.uupunes,  and  porpoifes,  cer- 
tainly procreate  by  aftual  copulation,  and 
bear  and  bring  forth  their  young  as  the 
beafls  do.  The  fkin  of  this  fifli  being  of 
t!ie  nature  of  Ihagrecn,  is  ufeful  to  joiners, 
iind  other  artificers,  to  polifli  wood,  f  1 . 

We  were  alfo  entertain'd  every  day  during 
our  voyagealong  this  coaftof  Z.i/j(I'(),  with 
the  fight  of  a  multitude  ot  fmall  whales, 
grampufles,  porpoifes,  and  nying-fifii  ; 
which  are  common  in  the  feas  bctwixi  the 
equator  and  tropicks,  but  more  efpccially 
infinite  numbers  of  porpoifes. 

One  day  we  had,  for  fbme  minutes,  a  large 
PanapanUy  or  hammer-fifh,  fwimming  fo 
P.nwly  on  the  furface  of  the  ocean,  and  fo 
very  near  the  fliip,  tiiat  I  li.id  time  enough 
Fun  J ».  to  draw  its  figure,  as  in  the  print.  It  ap- 
pear'd  to  be  near  eight  foot  long ;  and  at 
feme  part  of  the  co.ift  of  Guinea,  I  faw 
another  like  it,  fwimming  by  our  fliip's  fide 
at  a  fmall  diflance.  The  figure  of  the  head 
of  the  Panapana  I  have  drawn  after  that 
which  is  in  Grejham  college  in  London  ;  and 
have  feen  another  at  a  houfc  near  the  lant- 
horn  tower  in  Rachel. 

Tho'  we  fail'djby  this  coaft  in  Novembtr, 
the  weather  was  intolerably  hot  and  heavy  ; 
by  day  we  navigated  towards  land,  till  in 


twenty  fathom  water,  and  at  night  out  to  fea,  Barbot- 
to  forty  and  forty-five  fathom,    when  the  i^^N* 
wind  was  at  fuuth-weft ;    but  when  north- 
caft,  wc  kept  at  night  nearer  the  land. 

Twenty  four  leagues  beyond  yfngra  dos 
Ktiyvos  k  the  place,  where  in  H.^-^,  Giles 
YaneZy  above  mention'd,  found  a  multitude 
of  fea-wolves,  or  feals,  many  of  which 
his  men  kill'd,  and  return'd  home  with  their 
fkins  ;  and  that  was  the  greateft  profit  they 
made  of  their  voyage,  thofe  being  then 
look'd  upon  as  a  rarity.  In  1440,  Ar.- 
I'jiiy  Go>izali-i  lall'd  to  that  futie  place,  to 
load  his  fliip  with  thofe  (kins.  He  landed 
there,  kill'd  lome  ul  the  n.itives,  and  took 
a  few.  This  pi  ice  is  ne.ir  Rio  ih  Ouro,  or 
the  golden  river. 

/Ingra  (hi  Cav.iUoi  is  a  bay  feven  leagues  Aiij;ra  do; 
foutli  of  iV//c  .!/";;/(•.( ;  in  it  is  ten  fathom '-'■"■J'o'"- 
water,  and  without  it,  four  leagues  off,  fif- 
teen, twenty  and  twenty  five,  red  land  mix'd 
with  little  white  tranlparcnt  Hones.  The 
Poringuefe  c.dl'd  it  by  the  above  name,  fig- 
nifyingbayof  horfes,  becaufe  when  theydil- 
cover*d,it  they  found  nothing  there  but  horles. 

Some  leagues  to  the  louthw.ird  of  theOtageJo 
bay,  the  coafl  is  hilly,  and  call'd  O/.-r^sv/o, 
that  is,  the  rocky  pl.-ce,  becaufe  all  fac'd 
with  rocks  and  fm.dl  iflands  next  the  (liore. 
We  founded  in  twenty  tathoni  water,  and 
found  rough  pebbles,  and  ftony  ground. 

Rio  do  Ouro. 
^Ixtecn  leagues  to  the  fouthward  of  Aiigra 
'-'  doi  Cavalloi,  the  great  river  call'd  Rio  do 
Ouro,  falls  into  the  lea,  a  Im.dl  m.uterto  the 
nortliward  of  the  tropitk  ot  Cvv  ,-7-  5  the 
mouth  of  it  lying  in  fuch  manner,  that  tho' 
wide,  it  is  not  teen  till  got  to  the  fouihward 
of  its  wellern  point,  cill'd  cape  Olmrdo, 
King  in  twenty  three  degiees  thirty  minutes 
of  north  latitude.  About  four  leagues  di- 
flance from  the  mouth  ot  this  river  eafl 
and  weft,  we  founded  in  twenry-fix  fathom, 
large  find,  mix'd  with  flielis. 

About  this  latitude,  jud  in  palTing  the 
tropick  of  CiinciT,  is  obii-rv'd  an  ancient 
cutiom,  common  to  all  European  fiilors ; 
which  is,  that  thole  who  have  never  been 
under  the  tropick,  are  oblig'd  ro  give  the 
fhip's  crew  a  piece  of  money,  or  lotiiw;hing 
to  drink,  from  which  no  man  is  exci  fed. 
If  any  man  happens  to  be  (b  great  a  'n\(cr  u^ckini 
as  to  refufe  paying  of  ihisduty,  the  failors, 
dr^lTed  like  officers,  cany  him  bound  before 
a  tribunal,  on  which  a  teaman  is  feated  in 
a  long  lobe,  reprcfenting  a  judge,  who  ex- 
amines him,  hears  what  he  has  to  fay  for 
himfelf,  and  then  pronounces  lentence ; 
which  is,  that  he  be  three  times  duck'd  in 
the  fea,  after  this  manner :  The  perfon  con- 
demned is  tied  faft  with  a  rope,  and  the  other 
end  of  it  run  through  a  pully  at  the  yard- 
arm,  by  which  he  is  hoiiled  up,  and  thea 


i 


^^1  mm 


'i  ifoU'i:'-  'I 


J)  28 


A  Description  of  the 


iJ  ■  :(; 


\^:\\-u- 


mm 


ii :  ,i 


mx  \^ 


i  '■'',  \ ' 


ii;;; 


If: 


'    1 


Ji.-l!: 


Rio  da 

Oiiro. 


Anritnt 


BAHiioT.let  run  .ima  <  three  times  under  water.    It  is 
*"0»'^'  feldom  tli.ic  lome  one  tails  to  give  tiic  com- 
pany this  divcrfion.     The  fame  is  pr.idil'ed 
with  the  utmoft  rigor  in  parting  the  line. 

'I'he  mouth  of  Rio  do  Ouro  is  three  leagues 
broad,  mollly  choak'd  up  with  a  bank  of 
land  two  leagjueb  bro.id,  and  running  along 
from  the  wcftcrly  point  to  Ibuth-eafl:  almolt 
three  leagues,  towards  the  eallern  fliore  of 
the  river,  leaving  only  a  channel  about  a 
mufket-lhot  wide,  and  cigiiteen fathom  deep, 
between  the  main  hind  and  die  point  of  the 
fand.  This  bank  at  high  flood  h.is  but  two 
fathom  and  a  half  water.  Within  the  river 
I  he,  e  is  twelve  fathom,  neai  e  foiith-wcll 
point  of  a  long  illand,  lying  near  the  wtf- 
tern  lliore-,  wliicii  is  a  peninluln,  reaching 
within  five  or  fix  leagues  of  AV.'/;-  M.iUa,  the 
river  keeping  a  broad  channel  tor  near 
thirty  leagues  up  Ibuth-wtll  .ind  north-ealf  -, 
and  thus  with  the  lea  forming  the  laid  pen- 
infula  of  the  coalt  of  .lui^ra  Jos  C'.uii.'.'w 
and  Oid^eJo. 

The  illand  above  inentionM  is  four  leagues 
long,  and  one  in  breadth.  Two  leagues 
above  the  ifiand  is  the  anehoring-place,  in 
twenty  tathoni  water.  The  channel  of 
the  river  narrows  gradually  farther  up  the 
country. 

'i'his  river  in  ancient  geography  is  call'd 
Ophiodiis  !\uvii'.i,  and  the  people  inhabiting 
tlie  country  on  the  fbuth  fide  of  it  Rhahii. 

Antony  Gon'alez,  above  tpokeot,  returning 
ui  1442,  to  the  place  where  he  had  cv  o 
years  before  taken  away  fome  of  the  natives, 
which  was  near  this  river  do  Ouro,  or  of 
gold,  cxcliang'd  thele  perfons  for  fome 
{■';>/?  'Vfri-  ^""''^^  (laves,  and  a  parcel  of  gold-duff  of 
ciri  jjo/J.  '-^"i"'r,  which  was  the  firft  gold  ever  carried 
from  that  part  o\  Jfrica  \nw  Portugal.  He 
therefore  believing,  that  cither  the  country, 
or  the  liver  which  runs  through  it,  afforded 
mutli  gold,  gave  it  the  name  of  the  gold- 
river  ;  which  encourag'd  the  Porlugucje  to 
proceed  farther,  in  fearch  of  this  metal. 

Fjom  cape  Bouidcr  to  RiJ  do  Ouro,  we 
obferv'il  the  coalt  in  many  jil.ices  to  be  all 
high  cliti's,  Ibme  grey,  others  whitifli,  and 
the  country,  as  tar  as  we  could  difcern  from 
our  top- m a fb  heads,  b-.  ren,  dry,  fcorch'd, 
and  red  findy  ground,  overgrown  with 
Ihrubs  and  reeds,  but  could  neither  lee  men, 
houfes,  nor  beads,  in  :J1  that  traft  of  land. 

Some  leagues  to  the  ibuthward  of  the 
gold-river,  are  the  ports  of  Medcioi  and 
Fra\ii,  the  latter  of  which  is  a  reafon^.ble 
large  bay,  with  a  bar  before  it,  where  the 
ftiips,  dcfigned  for  the  filhery,  generally 
anchor.  Moft  of  our  modern  geographers 
make  the  coaft  of  Nigritu:  to  commence  at 
Rio  do  Ouro. 

A  very  modern  author  names  the  land 
from  Rio  do  Ouro  northward  towards  cape 
jSo/a//9r,the  country  of  Z.«(/divj  or  ihcl.udayos, 
faid  to  contain  fourftorc  thoufand  fighting 


(o/tflfry. 


men,  bordering  to  the  Ibuthward  on  t!;c 
Dullim  and  Devich,:s  jlrahs,  catlward  on  the 
UUd  .'irriivittia  Iriibs  ;  the  Der-vis  Aral . 
northwards,  and  the  Bariun  ylrabs  towards 
the  north-eatt. 

Aiigra  de  Goiizalo  deCintra,  a  large  bay  7,.in; 
fo  call'd  from  its  firfl:  dil'coverer,  in  the^"'-'i 
year  1445,  lies  about  fifteen  leagues  Ibutli- 
well  by  fouth  from  Rio  do  Ouro.  In  forniei 
ages  the  French  uled  to  relbrt  thither  to  buy 
gold  of  the  native  .lrah>.  The  anchoring 
in  the  muHl  of  the  bay  is  in  kvtw  or  eight 
fathom.  The  coaft  from  Rio  do  Ouro  to  it 
is  all  hills,  cov  tM  with  coarfe  fand  ;  i\\.- 
depth  all  along,  at  about  i  league  from  the 
land,  is  eighteen  fathom.  Tliib  is  the  pro- 
vince of  '/.anb.v^a. 

We  had  once  o;ood  'port  at  catching  o.' 
Pargucs  anil  Siir.lc:,  forts  of  fifli  before 
fpoken  of,  without  this  bay,  in  thirtv  la 
thorn  water  ;  the  bottom  a  muddy  'fand. 
which  is  the  right  ground  for  that  fort  o! 
fifli. 

From  tiiis  bay  of  Ccrzalo  deCintra,  to 
Cabo  das B.irlicts,  in  the  province  of  Gua'at.T, 
and  in  twenty-two  degrees  twenty  minute:. 
of  north  latitutle,  the  coafl  is  very  iii"li, 
and  therefore  by  the  Porlw.^u.jt' cMW  7'crra 
a'.ia,  forming  at  the  cape  tliu  bay  of  St.  C\- 
jrian,  by  fome  call'd  Ji:gia  do  CuvaHeiro,  or 
the  knight's  bay,  being  eighteen  leagues 
foiith-wert  by  Ibuth  of  Anp-a  dc  Gom^ilo.  In 
ancient  geography  it  is  call'd  Nidus  llnviui, 
which  fuppofes  a  river  to  fall  into  the  bay  ; 
and  the  people  inhabiting  the  country  .ihoiic 
the  bay,  were  named  A/ Jtcrt-j,  ;sfar  as  the 
river  of  St.  Jobn  to  the  louthward. 

Clofe  by  the  bay  of  ,*•'/.  Cyprinn  the conilci;,' !.•; 
winds  about  to  nor''.i\ve(t  lor  near  three '^•"'^•!  ■ 
leagues,  forming  the  cape  d.is  Harbas  at  the 
extremity  of  it,  beinga  low  table-he.ad,  and 
the  land  from  it  to  cape  Carvbeiro  much  the 
fame.  About  fix  Icgues  from  the  cap,- 
there  is  forty-five  fathom  water,  grey  fand. 
The  coaft  there  turns  flat  to  liiutfi  fouthwcft 
for  eighteen  le.igucs  to  cape  Cnrvoeiro,  front- 
ed all  the  w.iy  by  along  bank  of  fand,  com- 
mencing at  cape  das  B<irb.h;  and  growincr 
larger  .md  laiger,  till  it  comes  to  cape  Ctir- 
•V'jeiro,  where  it  extends  almoft  fx  le.igues  out 
to  fea  in  breadth,  and  fo  continues  along  the 
coaft  to  the  weft  of  cape  Braiuo,  fifteen 
leagues  difbnt,  direftly  fouth  from  the 
tormer.  The  Portuvaeje  fay  this  great  bank 
is  left  dry  at  low  waf". 

Cape  Carvociroh  in  twenty-one  degrecscj»,c 
forty  two  minutes  of  north  latitude.     About  vociro*' 
fourteen  or  fifteen  leagues  to  the  weft  ward  of 
it,  we  find  forty-five  fathom  water,  unfoiind 
ground  of  pebbles  and  ftones. 

I  have  annex'd  an  cxad^  draught  of  the  Plate  j: 
profpeft  of  the  coafl  of  Gj((i/.(/(/,fiom  c,ipe//<?j 
Barbas  to  capcC(»rwrt/'»,thatco.ift  fti etching 
from  north-eaft  by  north,  to  (outh-wtfl  by 
fouth,     At  about  the  middle  of  l.iai  diUaiice 

lltS 


Wefiem  Coafls  of  Africa. 


T^p 


Ir.mglit  of  rhePLATt  y. 
til, (yam  c,ipec/<jj 

co.ift  ftrcti'hing 
0  li)ii:h-wt'l'  liy 
;of  l.mdillance 
I11.9 


lies  a  long  narrow  idand,  call'd  Pedro  da 
Galia,  wliicli  looks  fwarthy  at  a  diftance, 
and  cannot  well  be  approach'd  nearer  than 
two  leagues,  bccaule  of  the  great  b:\nk 
iibove  mentioned,  which  lies  out  at  fea  be- 
fore it. 

Two  leagues  north  north-caft  from  cape 
C.ar-joclro,  is  a  hill  call'd  the  little  mount 
of  Sniifaiiia  ;  and  to  the  fouthward  of  that 
cape  are  ievcral  little  rocks  out  at  fea, 
/landing  in  a  ring,  call'd  Seite  Pecirns,  or 
the  fcven  rocks :  and  as  far  again  to  the  fouth- 
ward, is  the  ifland  Lobos,  or  of  wolves,  as 
near  to  cape  liraiico.  Some  leagues  up  the 
inland  is  the  great  hill,  call'd  Monte  de 
u'lrnd,  or  the  fantl  mountain. 

ClfC     B    R     A    N    C    O. 

IjKtwccn  thi'  road  that  lies  weft  from  cape 
Hf.mco,  \o  named  from  a  white  fandy 
point,  (hooting  out  into  the  fea  to  the  op- 
pofite  Ihorc,  the  depth  is  from  twelve  to 
ti'n,  nine  ;uid  eight  fathom,  to  the  point  ot 
the  laid  cape.  Some  leagues  to  the  nortii- 
v.'.ird  is  X  rock  above  water.  The  cape  is  in 
twenty  degrees  three  minutes  of  north  lati- 
tude ;  the  current  fouth-welf  by  ibuth  four 
leagues.  Ancient  geographers  call'd  it  Sol- 
iriitia  esinma. 

DigrcJJ'ion  from  the  direcJ  courfr. 
T  Shall  here  interrupt  the  courfe  of  naviga- 

tion  from  capj  fiivjMtCtoiVwfij-river,  as 
iifually  practifed,  iteering  from  this  cape 
v.efl:  of  I  he  great  bank  Srcca  dn  Gicicia ;  that 
I  may  give  fomc  account  of  the  coafts  of 
/hjiiim  antl  Anterote,  to  compleat  the  de- 
t'.Tiption  of  this  country,  tho'  now  very 
iittle  frequented  bv  Europenns,  fince  the  de- 
Hiolilliing  of  thccaiUeof  /Irgttim  in  167S. 
It  is  to  bcobferv'd,  that  the  coafling  trade 
to  Ariiiim  will  be  more  conveniently  carried 
on  in  linall  fhips  than  tail  one?,  becaufe  of 
ihe  fliallownefs  ot  the  water  on  that  coalh 

C:\pe.  Branca,  or  white  cape,  was  firll  dif- 
cover'd  by  iViinbo  TnJ?an,  andJincny  Gonfa'cz, 
in  the  year  1440.  From  this  cape  the  land 
rums  away  fhort  to  eaft,  forming  a  bay 
dofe  by  it,  which  faces  the  fouth,  and  be- 
fore it  is  nine  and  ten  fathom  water.  From 
that  bay  the  land  bends  to  the  north-eall 
five  leagues,  and  then  again  on  a  fudden 
turns  to  fouth  ibi'th-eaft  four  leagues,  form- 
Annc'i  '"B  •'  large  bay,  call'tl  .-/wf >a  de  'Santa  Anna, 
the  bottom  whereof  is  call'd  Culala,  where 
is  good  anchoring  at  two  places,  in  four,  five 
and  fix  fathom,  as  is  another  near  the  cape's 
bay,  in  three  and  four  flithom  •,  and  in  the 
channel  to  it  from  cape  Branco  feven,  eight 
and  ten  fathom  1  rather  keeping  along  the 
fliore  of  the  cape  than  the  oppofite  point 
of  the  great  land-bank,  call'd  by  the  Por- 
tuguefe,  as  has  been  faid,  Secca  da  Gracia, 
and  by   the  French  Banc  (PEJiein,   which 

Vol.  V. 


runs  twenty  fix  leagues  from  north-weft  to  lU Rum*. 
Ibuth-ealf,  being  almofl  oval ;  and  there,  t/V^ 
as  well  as  at  another  little  round  bank  a  few 
leagues  eafl:  (buth-eafl-  of  it,  over  againft 
St.  John's  river,  in  the  kingdom  of  Genehoa, 
the  Moors  any  on  their  fifhcry.  The  north 
point  of  the  bank  is  about  a  league  and  a 
lialf  diftant  from  cape  Branro,  leaving  a  con- 
venient channel,  which  leads  to  the  fouth- 
calf  coalt  of  Arguim.  Thij  variation  at  cape 
Branca  is  four  degrees  caff. 

At  the  Ibuth-eall  end  of  Si.  Annf''^  bay  ipm,':. 
are  two  fmall  ifiands,  at  a  little  dillance 
from  the  co.ill  -,  the  moll  northerly  call'd 
Ilba  da  Pcdra,  the  other  Jiba  Branca,  or 
white  ifland,  from  its  white  fandy  be.ich. 
F.afl  louth-eafl  of  them  is  good  anchoring 
in  five  fathom  water,  the  place  thi-refore 
cxlWlSnrgidottro,  that  is, the  aiichoring-place. 
Kcyond  this  .igain  is  another  illmd,  call'd 
Ilba  iioiCouroi,  or  Icather-iflantl,  lomewhat 
to  the  welhvard  of  Kio  Para  Balcif.  When 
cape7?;-rtwo  bears  fouth-caft  by  louth,  dif- 
tant eight  leagues,  thcic  appears  at  fouth- 
eafl,  about  five  leagues  ofi,  a  fUep  white 
fhore,  (Iretching  ftrait  along,  and  before  it 
thirty-five  fathom,  grey  ground. 

I'rom  the  wefl:  point  of  the  river  Para 
Bateis  to  Po.'a  Baleis,  being  the  weflern 
head  of  the  b.,y  of  Argr/im,  the  land  tends 
wefl  north-well  and  eafl:  fouth-eaft  about 
five  leagues. 

The  tide  about  cape  Branco  runs  along  the 
above-mention'd  coafls  to  the  bay  oi'Aignirn, 
and  the  channel  betwixt  tliatfl)ore  and  the 
oppofite  fbutherly  banks  has  nine,  ten, 
feven,  five,  fix,  five,  feven,  fix,  four,  three, 
.md  three  ,ind  a  half  fathom  water  1  as  far  as 
Ilia  flrjwf;;, and  thence  to  P:n'a  Rale:',  throe 
and  three  and  a  half  at  moll,  wi;h  good  an- 
chorage on  the  ibuth  fide  of  llh.!  d  is  O'.i »,',;;, 
or  the  ifland  of  herons,  lying  in  the  midll 
of  the  opening  of  the  bay  of  Arguim. 

Arouim  /';Jv  and  i.Handi. 
TT  was ilifcover'd  in  the  year  1 440,   by  the  .<;!„y,s 
■*■  above  mention'd  Triilan  I'.i:,  And  Anto- from 
»v  Gonfalcz,  together  witii  tiie  ifiands  dcJ^'"" 
Gar^as  andAd'grf.     In  1444.  a  fmall  com- 
pany was  ercclfd  in   Pcr.'i.gil,    paying  aii 
acknowledgment  to  the  prince,  to  trade  to 
thole  parts  newly  difcover'd  ;  who  fent  fix 
caravels  to  the  ifles  of  Arguim,  which  took 
there  two  hundrtd  flaves,    that  turn'd  to 
good  profit  in  Portugal. 

The  bay  is  two  leagues  wide,  and  three  jy?4n(/,. 
in  depth  to  the  northward,  there  being  three 
other  little  iflands.  north  ot  that  da  Garzas, 
which  all  bear  the  fame  name  of  ifles  of  he- 
rons, from  the  great  number  of  thofe  birds 
breeding  there.  Thefe  and  Mie  abovemen- 
tion'd  iflands,  between  the  bay  of  St.  An/ie 
and  that  of  Arguim,  being  feven  in  number, 
two  whereof  call'd  Nar  and  Fider,  have  not 
6  T  been 


im 


J|!'ll4'Kl' 


|H:.iy;> 


1 1: 


m 


J'  ■:  ; 


4.  ^, 


: 

'i 

::|f 

\ 

\    V. 

1-! 

■f 

^t: 


lit" 


!    :!i,i 


W 


i.i 


Wi^:U.i 


•■EiJ'r' 


(^30 


yi  Description  of  the 


Dutch 
ttikt  the 
I'ortu- 
fiutll'  fort 


The 
Kreiu'h 
takt  it 
from  them 


l^AKHor.been  ycc  fpoken  of,  now  commonly  go  un- 
'"^V^^  tier  ihe  general  ii.imk;  i,f  ill-s  of'  /I'i^iiim. 
TiKy  were  formerly  long  pofll'Heit  by  the 
Portii^'tilf,  who  to  fcciire  thiir  tr.ule,  ani.i 
keep 'them  in  fuhiec'tion,  in  the  ye.ir  14411 
by  onlcr  of  th'ir  king  .■Hfonfo  the  fiftii, 
biiilc  A  rtonc  fort  on  the  chiefeft  of  tliem, 
on  a  commanding  point,  and  about  four 
hundred  twenty-IJvc  toot  in  compifs,  with 
all  ncceflary  acconimod.uion  -,  but  the  Dulch 
with  tlu'ee  Ibips  of  war,  littcd  out  by  tlicir 
If'tif  India  company,  and  the  alTilbmce  of 
fome  ot'tlie  prinie  M'Jors,  drove  tliem  out 
of  it  in  the  year  163;;. 

The  DiHt/j  biing  mailers  of  the  fort, 
aildcd  new  works  to  it  on  the  fea-fuK ,  and 
kept  it  till  the  year  lO-S,  when  the  IVeiich 
.S"(";,;;'^!  company  took  it  trom  them,  with 
only  one  hundred  and  twenty  nnii,  in  thri-e 
lliips  •,  and  havinri:  carrvM  olf  a  cunfi  leraliK: 
booty  of  giMii-.-/r.i/.;.  ;•,  Have  and  other 
good'',  laid  it  level  wiiii  the  ground,  to 
oblige  the  Moorf  of  the  adjacent  parts,  to 
repair  with  their  gum.  Haves  and  olbich 
leathers,  the  principal  commodities  of  that 
country,  10  their  lactory  at  Siiw^tt  1  where- 
as tliev  uled  to  fell  them  to  the  /)■///'  at 
Ar^idm,  which  was  a  preiudice  to  the  Frcmh. 
The  natives  an.i  J\ihs  have  lb  far  comply'd 
in  that  point,  that  the  factory  at  Scn-'^i, 
ever  fincegets  two  hunilred  tons  of  gum- //- 
rahick,  and  would  have  a  much  greater  quan- 
tity, were  it  not  that  the  Diiub  IFt'jl-lnli.i 
company  fends  every  y  ar  a  fliip  to  the 
coart  ot  /hgiiivi  and  adjacent  parts,  and 
partiudarly  to  the  bay  of  Peiihu  a  port  a- 
l)Out  fiirty-live  leagues  to  the  northward  c<\' 
Sc-nea^.i.,  of  wl.ch  more  iKTeafter,  to  barter 
with  the  Moots  for  giun  Arahick,  and  by 
that  means  lefTens  the  trade  of  the  French. 

In  the  year  i6S.i,  the  B<iVhh-iihur<^b  A- 
friiiin  company  lettleii  a  factory  at  Ar- 
gi'itit,  by  confent  of  the  Cahoifiioi  or  chiefs 
of  rlie  country,  lecing  the  i'lrnch  had  blown 
up  r'lc  tort  above  mentionM,  ai.d  carry'd 
away  with  them  the  cannon,  ammunition, 
mcrchanili/.<',  and  all  other  things  they 
Ibund  therein  ;  inlbmuch  that  they  lett  nei- 
ther lodge  nor  liout'e  or  cabbin,  nor  any 
body  whatever  belonging  to  I-'rance.  The 
Rr.iiuieiti'itfi^he'-s  taking  it  for  a  total  aban- 
doning of  the  fort,  rebuilt  it  out  of  its 
ruui--,  and  garilbned  it,  to  lecurc  their  own 
people  and  trade.  The  Frctich  Senega  com- 
pany, finding  their  ^um-Aiahick  trade 
lelTcnM  by  this  new  fettlemenr,  pleaded  a 
prop,  rty  thereof  at  the /'Wv/i/j  court,  as  be- 
ing their  lonquell  and  within  the  bounds  of 
their  concetriMis  ■,  and  did  fo  much  infifl: 
upon  their  tuppofed  right,  that  the  Ftcticb 
plenipotentiaries  at  the  conferences  for  peace, 
at  li\fwuk  in  1697,  prel'enteil  a  memorial 
to  the  mediators  on  that  head  ;  which  was 
fo  fully  anfwer'd  by  another  memorial  from 


.-;  Ar- 


.■'Jvy 


Mefl"  Schmettau-xnA  D^inckehnnn^  embafHi- 
ilors  of  his  1  'e  elc(ftoral  highnefs  of  Bran- 
dnibitr^b  at  the  iLi^uCy  tlut  it  was  found, 
the  irencb  hail  forfeited  their  right  to  the 
country  and  fort  of  .Irxuitn,  by  their  for- 
faking  it  totally  and  entirely,  as  is  above 
obfervM  ;  and  the  property  thereof  dcvolvM 
to  the  Ht\viJciil>ur{>^ber>,  by  rebuilding  it  fb 
many  years  after.  Thus  they  potlefs  it  quiet- 
ly to  this  pref'ent  time,  according  to  the 
law  of  nations.  This  account  is  inlerted 
in  the  book  publiib'd  of  the  conferences 
tor  peac'-,   held  .it /v'^^;:7V.v  anno  1^)07. 

J  have  not  b:;en  able  to  hear,  whether 
the  I lolLiiiJi-n,  fince  this  poflellion  taken  at 
/Irgiiiin.,  and  the/)v«i/',  do  flill  tratle  there 
tor  gums,   is:. 

It  is  reported  that  the  Pijiir^;.:  ,'■  Ibrt  at 
Arijt'in  WMS  in  tornuT  ages  pofr.-fTed  by  a 
\l)'irijh  nation,  call'd  Scbih  .hwhi,  who 
drove  a  tr.ule  then- .unl  apply'd  themfelves,, 
to  filbing  ;  and  that  the  Irciub  in  thole'' 
d.iys  uled  to  fend  fome  fliips  thither,  in 
'laiiuary  and  FAiniary,  to  citch  Ib.irks,  on 
the  coall'  betwixt  Aiguiin  and  -St.  "Jibn\  ri- 
ver, about  twenty  leagues  to  the  fouth- 
ward,  whiih  they  dry'd  in  the  fun  alhore, 
and  boiled  the  livers  frefli,  to  cxtra<5t  lamp-  ■ 
oil,  whereol  they  c.ury'd  home  confidcra- 
ble  (]uantities. 

'i'he  inh.diitants  of  the  Ctinnry  iflands, 
and  the  Pottugi'ffc,  ftill  repair  thitliertolilli, 
as  they  do  along  the  coalls  of  Zci.':gites, 
/.aiibdgA,  Giia'.iUd,  and  on  the  bank  Sccca 
(la  Graciiiy  which  lafl  is  the  chief  Itation. 
Tltey  take  Pargiics  ami  .^'.iri/cr,  which  they 
cure  and  ufe  at  home  inftead  of  other  fait - 
hill. 

The  Poriiit^Ki'.i-  trade  confifted  in  wool-  Portu 
".en  and  linnen  cloth,  wrought  filver,  coarfegusii 
tapiltry,  and   molt  of  all  in  corn,    which  "''"'''■ 
yielded  a  confiderable  ])rotit,  with  the  wan- 
dring  wild  .//.;/'.(  and  AFon  ;  b.irtering  for 
fl.ives,  gold,  olbich  fe.ithers,  and  Biiihar)' 
horfes,  lor  one  of  which  they  h.ul  twelve 
or  fitteen  ll.ives  in  Nit;;!  1:1.1. 

On  the  e.dl  point  of  the  bay  of  Arguitn  is 
a  hill,  oti  the  top  whereof  the  Moors,  when 
they  dilcover  a  fail  iKinding  in,  ufe  to 
make  a  fire,  as  a  llgnal  to  defire  the  liiilors 
tofbiy  and  tratle  with  them. 

At  the  foutu  pan  of  the  great  ifle  of  Ar- ^^,, 
gitim,  is  a  fait  pond,  which  a"brds  a  great 
quantity  of  fait,  but  mix'd  wuh  much  land. 

The  country  about  tiie  iflands  is  low  and 
barren.  The  natives  have  fo  little  fuel,  that 
the  Portugurff  garrilon  formerly  was  oblig'd 
to  fetch  it  from  fix  leagues  diftance  up  the 
inland,  to  the  fouthward. 

The  (laves  the  French  took  from  the  Dutch, 
in  the  caftle  of  Argmm,  beint;  there  put  a-„  , 

1  J       r       11    n_-  1  1  .-  Defpetj:t 

bo.ird  a  Imall  Ihip,  to  the  number  ot  one^,,/,; 
hundred  and  twenty,  all  lufty  people  of  both 
fexcs,  for  Sanlo  Dumtiigo  in  America,  having 

privately 


leat  ifle  oi  Ar- , 


Weftern  Coafts  of  Africa. 


??» 


privately  provKkd  tliemfelves  with  pieces  of 
iron,  and  fuch  otliiT  weapons  ,is  tliey  could, 
on  a  fuiiilfn  afTuihid  the  f^w  I'liiub  tiierc 
w?re  ubo.ud,  vhillt  fome  of  them  were 
.iflecp  •,  bur  not  b.iii^  able  to  fo  the  cap- 
tain and  Ionic  otlKMs,  who  had  fliut  thfni- 
felves  up  in  tiie  forecaftlc  and  ^rcat  c  abiiin, 
whence  ihey  iii.ide  a  terrible  lire  on  them 
with  their  inulk^ts  ;  and  feeing  I'evcral  of 
their  conij'anions  killM,  forty  of  the  moll 
obllinate  of  tiieni.,  men  and  women,  le.ip'd 
into  the  lea  together,  where  turning  on  tiuir 
backs,  they  call'd  to  the  //■('.'i/^  to  oblerve 
thein,  and  holilingtiieir  mouths  quite  open, 
fwallouM  down  ihc  lea-waler,  without 
moviij;  .n'msor  legs,  till  they  were  drown'd, 
to  Ihow  their  intrepidity  and  little  concern 
iur  death. 
,V:uMii,.i  jlr^:,lm  is  a  kingdom  of  it  lilf,  in  the  coun- 
k:u^ikm.  try  o'iGui'alii,  by  miny  callM  .litrrd:- ; 
w'nicii  name  is  alio  lometimes  communi- 
tat.tl  to  the  i^Mcn  illands  above  mentioii'd. 


The  famous  townof//of/<'«,  of  which  moreHARiuvr. 
hereafter,  lies  on  the  north-fiJe  of  St.  Jobn\ 


S-.iirga  and  that  of  St. 


T  -1 
■  .\>h\r. 


Tor  riv.r  cf  .St.  J  o  ii  m. 
np  1 1 1'.  CO  lit  from  tlu;  bay  oi  Argidin  to  Rio 
*•  ik  Sd--i  Jo.!'),  or  .St.  Jobii's  river,  runs 
north  and  fouth,  twenty  leagues  indill'erer.t 
high  i  only  five  Ic.igues  from  /lijiiii'i  may 
be  leen  at  a  great  dillancc  the  high  iiiount 
Ali-iliioii,  ojipofite  to  which  wellw.ird,  about 
two  KM;',UiS  dilLuit,  lies  liir.  iJc  Si;i;v,  .' 
I'ni.dl  illmd.  The  channel  along  the  lliore 
from  Aijulm  to  it,  is  three  fathom  deep  near 
the  land;  and  from  the  abo\  e  ifland,  be- 
twixt it  and  the  f  md-bank  commencing  three 
leagues  to  tiie  fnithward,  and  .idvancing  in  a 
femi-ov.il  figure,  above  four  leagues  to  the 
welhv.ird,  and  nc.rto  the  ifland  Br.uyji'.irl.a, 
in  r.inetccn  degrees  tiiirtv  tiiinutes  north  la- 
tiiiide,  the  depth  is  four,  fix,  five,  four, 
three,  and  two  fathom,  coafling  the  b.mk, 
which  leaves  a  paftigeot  two  and  three  ta- 
tliom  wa'er  between  it  fclf  and  the  ifland 
Hraiiq:''!ii'.\: :  but  the  other  channel,  well  of' 
tiiis  illuid,  is  live,  four,  and  three  lathum 
'Jeep.  Tlie  bank  lliows  it  fell'  at  low  wa- 
ter, anil  llretches  frorn  the  lall  meniion'd 
ifland  Ibiith-call,  to  a  hill  call'd  Melwn 
gr.smle  Jo  Tigrr,  lying  a  league  or  more  to 
the  northward  of  St.  Johi:\  river.  The 
ipace  of  grtiund  betwi-xt  the  liiiil  river  and 
the  mount  is  all  lalt  pits.  Theehaniiel  from 
Branqiiiiil.n  to  the  river,  coafling  the  fkiits 
of  the  bank,  has  three,  and  two  ar  I  a  ha  if 
liuhom  water. 

St.  Jcbii''i  river,  in  ancient  geography, 
is  call'd  Miif.'  Fltiv'ni:,  and  the  people  from 
it  to.'^i'Hf^.i-river,  A'lanJori  Nignltr.  At  the 
mouth  of  it,  which  is  two  leagues  wide,  is 
the  good  harbour  Tajjn,  antl  in  tlie  midfl  of 
it  is  an  oval  ifland  i  about  which  there  is 
two  fathom  water.  On  the  fouth  point  of 
this  river  the  natives  have  a  large  falt-pit, 
extending  caflward  to  Parlo  San  Joao, 


river,  five  or  fix  days  journey  to  the  eaflward.,|,^^'' 

The  people  of  Scn,yi  fay,  they  pafs  from 
their  river  into  that  of  St.  jnhti^  through  the 
other  call'd  Joi  Mimn<inin^,  being  a  I  Mnch 
of  the  Senega.  As  a  jiroof  thereof,  tliey  al- 
ledge,  that  the  waters  of  the  river  (/ij  Ma- 
riiigoliii  are  lomewh.tt  braikilh,  which  they 
pretend  proceeds  from  their  mixing  with 
thole  of  St.  'Jibu'i  river  in  the  north,  tho' 
leventy  leagues  from  the  lea:  and  the  more 
toenlorce  it,  they  affirm  there  is  no  other 
liver  between  the 
•Job,,. 

Rio  ilos  .\f.ii:i:ph;.^  riles  not   fir  from  it,  Marin- 
and  runs  tiuiice  .irri/ls   the  counny  of  Gt'- K'j'^' 
/:■/'./,    from    north  to   f()u:h,  with  many'"' 
wimlings,  into  Scuc'ga  rivi  r.  'I'here  are  abun- 
dance of  towns  and  villages  on  both  fides  of 
It,  .imong  which  the  mofl  remarkable  are, 
S.D/ir.i,   I,a,iUib,  and   Riiigi'dion  ;  near  its 
he.id  ,ind  to  the  fbuihward  >vi.',;''  J  ere,  27- 
/■(,',  (i:>Urcn,  IKil.ilJc',  Pon-'ic,  PctU/.iii,  K!^ 
leu,  S,ij\tferyr,  Koeko,  and  Ge:ebo.t. 

Reyoiid  t'ae  falt-pits  o'  St.  Jjln  is  a  bay, 
fnith  of  which  are  four  linall  hills  on  the 
coafl,  '.all'd  Meilaoi  lie  :>an!a  A, ma,  a  le.igue 
of  better  to  the  northward  of  a  place,  cill'd 
ro,-to  ik  Fr,iiiici:go,  or  the  Heiniiig's  port  -, 
which  is  a  bay  of  good  anchoring,  in  four 
and  five  fathom  water,  feven  Icgues  fouth 
of  St.  7»'''/;'s  river.  .\bout  two  leagues 
wen.wMrd,  out  at  (ca,  lies  an  oval  bank  of 
fand,  on  which  the  lea  breaks;  and  without 
it  wefbvard,  there  is  five  and  fix  fathom  water. 

Cah  Darro  is  the  north  point  of  the  bay  ;  p,„. 
by  the  PorlK^uy  call'd    /''/;/';  </<•  Refgale,  Vxcc. 
where  is  anchoring  on  three  f.ithom  w.uer  : 
the    fijutherly   point  of  this  bav   lies    two 
le.igiiesand  a  hall  l()uth  of  cape  D.ve\  which 
I  lu[)pofe  had  that  name  from  its  exact  form 
of  a  femi-circle  ;  tlie  bay  is  the   mouth  of 
this  port,  the  depth  four  and  five  fathom. 

Some  leagues  fouth  of  Re  gate,  appear  the 
hills  call'd  ,s\.'/,'  Mjiiles,  being  pretty  high 
land  -,  and  fo  along  the  fiiore  the  coafl  is  full 
of  hillocks.  From  the  .**>//<•  M'ni.'eito  Jr- 
riioioh,  is  about  four  leagues  fbutli  ;  anil 
from  that  to  Penba  or  Rofalr/Ue,  three 
leagues flill  to  fouthward.  The/vv;;i/i reckon 


Pe,ib.i  to  be  dillant  from  their  factory,  fin 
the  ifland  of  St.  L-ii'is  in  ^Vwfs;  ./-river)  forty- 
five  leagues  north. 

Penb.i  is  a  fort  of  bay ;  the  anchorage 
within  a  bank  that  lies  before  it.  Hither 
the  Dutch  refbrt  every  year  with  a  fhip  ; 
trading  at  this  coaft  from  port  to  port,  to 
purchale  guins,  ollrich  feathers,  efc.  in  ex- 
change for  their  goods,  with  the  Moors  of 
Geneboa  ;  which  the  Frencb  can  hardly  hin- 
der from  that  diflance. 

Here  I  conclude  the  courte  of  navigation, 
for  the  co.ifting  trade  from  cape  Btaiico  to 

this 


mm 


1 .  r.i' 


fi 


ifilij  -A 


??i 


A  Description  of  the 


fir     -'     '     .     ' 


mk 


Pl*TC    19. 


BARBOT.tliis  place  of  Penha\  ;iml  will  now  rcfumc 
C^VNJ  the  tlireft  courfc  wi;  ulcd,  from  cape  Branco 
10  J'lfwr^rt-road. 

fietwn  to  /be  courfe  cf  the  Vo  Y  a  c;  e, 
Tj»  RO  iVl  about  llu-  l.ititudc  of  cape  Rraiico, 
*■    being  twenty  ilcgrees  thirty  minutes,  as 
lias  been  obfcrvM,  we  let  our  tour l"e  Ibutli 
ami  fouth  by  well,  till  in  Icvcntccn  ilcgrees 
forty  minurcs,  antl  then  fouth-eait    In  this 
latitutle  we  law  pafTiiii;  by   the  fliip's-fiiie 
a  fifli  of  an  o<ld  figure,  but  prodigious  large 
and  black,  of  the  (liapcaiul  (oriu  of  a  thorn- 
"back,  as    rcprcfented  in  the   print  1  differ- 
ing in  this,  that  it  has  two  lU'lliy  horns  flioot- 
ing  out  at   the  head,  wliitli  we  Judg'd   to 
be  above  thirty  foot  in  compals.     Our  lai- 
lors  give  it  the  name  of  tlie   tia-devil  •,  it  is 
a  ganieibme  filb,  and  we  ohfervM  it  once 
took  a  leap  pretty  higli,  and  falling  down 
again,  tumbled  over  .uid  over  with  great 
loree,  making  a  mighty  noife  ;  by   wliich 
r.ioiion  we  oblerv'd,  that   it's  underlide  or 
belly   was  as  white  as  the  back   was  deep- 
iifu:k  •,  ami  that  it  liatl  as  large  a  mouth,  in 
pJ■()^)ortion  to  it's  bulk,  as  our  rays  or  thorn- 
batks.     Thi.'>  fea-devil,  or  lyhiprit),   is  al- 
ways attended  by  t]ir;;e  little  fillies,  about 
nine  inehcs  long,  ot   the   figure  as  in  cb^t 
print,  Ibipcd  all  round  with  wj-.ite  and  black 
almoll  of  an  equal  breadth  and  largenefs, 
which  renders  them  very  beautiful  and  re- 
markable-, our  French  failors  call  them  the  pi- 
lots of  tJie  devil  of  the  fea.     Thole  fmall 
filhes,  as   is  fuppos'd,  guide  this  monftrous 
animal,  and  prick  him  as  foon  as  they  fpy 
fome  filli  near ;  at  which  this  enormous  filh 
launches  away    very    fwiftly.    Commonly 
thofe  little  pilots   keep  I'laying  about    his 
head,    and   chiefly   betwixt  his  horns,  and 
fometimes  under  his  flomach.    This  ir//ipriiy 
had  a  tail  four  yards   long  at  lead,     'Tisa 
very  ftrong  fifli,  by  what  I  could  obferve 
of  its  gamefome  motions  and  leapingr..  Soon 
after  that  fifli  was  gone,  wc  were  in  thirty- 
fix,  and  at  night  in  thirty-five  fatiiom  wa- 
ter, black  faniTand  mud,  about  four  leagues 
from  the  hind  oi' Geiiehoa  ;  exaftly  well  of 
Pfiib.:,  or  RofalgiHe  before-mentioned. 

In  the  day-time  we  fet  the  head  fouth 
from  this  latitude;  and  at  night  fouth  fouth- 
weil,  founding  every  two  hours.  The  next 
day  we  found  our  felvcsona  fudden  fallen 
into  feventecn  fathom  fine  fandy  ground, 
which  caus'd  us  to  lie  by  for  a  while  ;  and 
fouiicl  by  the  fight  we  had  of  land  imme- 
diately, about  three  leagues  at  call  fourh- 
eall,  that  we  were  got  on  the  bank  of  fand, 
which  is  eighteen  leagues  to  the  northward 
oi  Scnega-roxd;  and  exaftly  weft  of  Ga- 
>:ar,  apd  of  Pciit-Pahmt :  the  former  a  vil- 
lage, the  latter  a  remaikable  palm-tree  ap- 
pearing on  the  diiwny-fhore,  lb  named  by 
the  French  ■,  and  by  the  Dutc'^  Mafl-B  'in, 
which  ufually  ferves  as  a  land-mark  to  llccr 


into  the  road  alorcfaid,  at  one  league  and  .i 
half  dillance  from  land,  without  crouding 
much  fiil,  for  fear  of  overftiooting  the  AV- 
ncga-voM\ :  the  tide  from  about  cap.- 
Branco  to  that  river,  in  the  fummer  feafbn, 
letting  very  fwilt  to  fouth  Ibuth-weft,  .and 
fometimes  to  Ibuth-weft,  and  the  wind  nortli 
north-eall  and  north-eaft,  always  a  brifkgale 
Other  French  lliips  bound  to  Senega  keip 
their  courfe  from  cape  Branco,  on  the  fkirts 
of  the  great  bank  Saca  da  Gracia,  as neai 
it  as  is  convenient  ;  and  being  pafsM  tin 
Ibuth-end  of  it,  let  go  freely  to  fbuth-eafl, 
tbr  the  bay  of  /lutcrotc  or  cape  cic  Icrfin, 
o'-  di-  ,-/»Y«((.f,  lying  north  of  the  iaid  bay, 
and  about  nine  leagues  to  the  fbuthward  ol' 
Penha  before  intntioii'd.  In  order  to  ob- 
ferve the  other  noted  laiul-iiiark,  for  know- 
ing of  this  coaft  well,  whirh  is  a  great  palm- 
tree  appearing  to  the  r.ortliward  of  r!ie  little 
jialmtree  about  fix  leaguis  dillance,  and 
for  greater  furety,  they  anchor  in  fight  of 
the  coaft  at  night,  if  tliey  cannot  reach  the 
road  by  day.  Ketwixt  Ganor  and  Seiirga- 
road,  there  is  no  village  on  the  ftiorc. 

The  coaft  of  Gcnchoa  is  cover'd  all  along f^^,  , 
with  fandy-downs,  like  the  North-Hollniu} fmi.''' 
coall,  on  which  ftand  many  nv  es  ftraggling 
from  ca(  h  other  •,  and  :ibout  fix  leagues 
north  of'  the  point  of  Genehna,  which  the 
vulgar  French  improperly  call  Poiiiie  d-.r 
Barbiirie,  the  coaft  is  edg'd  all  along  with 
a  very  white  fandy  beach,  on  which  tlic 
lea  breaks  violently,  bccaufe  of  the  conti- 
nual frefh,  and  frvquent  hard  gales  of  nor- 
therly winds  which  blow  along  it,  and  the 
rapid  tide.  Behind  the  downs  that  frame 
the  coaft,  the  land  fhews  woody,  efpecially 
as  wc  approach  to  the  fartory. 

This  point  is  by  the  river  of  Seiie^^a,  and 
the  ocean,  reduced  into  a  pcninfula  •,  and  ib 
narrow  for  fevcral  lca{',ucs  to  northward, 
that  as  we  fail  by,  being  paft  a  thick  tuft 
of  trees  Handing  clofe  together  on  the  downs, 
five  leagues  north  of  the  faid  point,  about 
two  £«^/.^  miles  from  the  breakir';?,  which 
are  extremely  violent  all  over  this  coafl  of 
Gciieboa  :  but  more  particularly,  the  nearer 
we  approach  to  the  road,  we  have  prefently 
a  fight  of  the  five  turrets  of  the  Frci;cli  f ic- 
tory  on  the  iftand  of  Si.  Livii,  lying  within 
Senega-nver,  four  or  five  leagues ;  on  one 
of  Vfhkh,  the  French  difplay  the  white  ftan- 
d.ard,  when  they  have  any  lliips  in  fight 
from  over  the  downs. 

The  coaft,  notwithftanding  the  violent 
breakings  on  the  white  fand-be.ich  that  bor- 
ders it,  is  fb  fafe,  th.it  any  fliips  may  boklly 
fiil  by  a:  half  a  LMgue  dillance  out  at  fea  -, 
and  thus  pafTing  by  the  fadlory  with  ourFf^-|, 
colours  out,  filing  a  gun,  and  ioweri!'y,our;«('»7. 
to,)fails  tor  a  figiial,  we  anchor'd  at  t<ight 
four  leagues  and  a  half  to  the  fjutliwird, 
cx.idly  w^ll  of  the  bar  of  S^/w^a-riv.i,  in 


Clg'lt 


(nfnii. 


DtW/. 


R/'.Cf. 


niw}im. 


Wejiern  Coafts  of  Africa. 


??J 


right  ruliom  Water,  cl.iy  yioimcl,  found  .iti- 
chor.i^e,  and  the  moll  convenient,  tor  lend- 
iiig;  holts   in  ami  out  of  the  f.iiii  river. 

The  FrencJj  company's  ihips  bounti  to 
Goene,  ullially  kix-p  tins  finie  courlc  of  na- 
vigation, and  (tup  ht-re  tor  oulrrs  or  ni- 
llui(5Hons.  But  iliolf  wiiolc  bufnicls  is  for 
Ciinbod,  Sierra  Lrui.t,  and  the  Cislil  Co.i/f, 
I'Ud  or  Cidiikir,  llccr  from  the  latitude  dI 
cape  Bra/no,  to  the  Ibuiliw.ird  directly,  to 
thole  rt-lpedlive  places, as  I  Ih.dl  hcrcaltcrob- 
firve  in  |iarticiilar. 

Here  followsalliort  geographical  aicount 
of  the  countries  lying  ,dong  the  great  ocean, 
from  cape  liojUilor  to  6'<7;('^<(-river. 

Of  Z  A  i(  A  R  A,  or  the  Di  '.lit. 
'-p  }  I  A  T  fpacious  tradt  ol  land  call'd  /<;- 
*  h.ira,  Z,i<ib,tr,i,  /,,ira  or  Sum,  by  the 
/Irnbs,  that  is,  the  dclart,  becaule  it  is  f'o 
thinly  peopled  ;  was  in  former  ages  com- 
prehended in  0!,!  I.yt'ia,  as  part  of  Geliilia 
and  the  Gitraiiuutics. 

It  lies  betwixt  twelve  and  twenry-feven 
iltgrces  thirty  minutes  latitude  ;  and  from 
the  fourth  to  the  lilty-fixth  degree  of  lon- 
•^itude  :  and  conlequently  nine  hundred  and 
iitty  leagues  in  length  from  call  to  well ; 
and  forty,  (ixty,  a  hundred,  or  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  leagues  in  breadth,  according 
to  ti'vcral  places. 

On  the  north  of  it  is  BilaliilxerU,  or  the 
country  of  dates  ;  Nubia  on  the  ealt,  A';- 
^r:li.i  on  the  fouth,  and  the  JtUntuk  ocean 
on  the  welV. 

It  is  much  lefs  cultivated  and  inhabited 
than  Bilcilulgtr'ul ;  but  the  air  is  reckoned 
wholef'ome,  notwithflanding  the  violent  heat 
of  the  fun.  All  the  wealth  of  its  inhabitants 
confifh  in  camels  and  dromedaries.  In  fbme 
places  they  may  travel  two  hundred  leagues 
without  finding  any  water.  The  natives 
have  dry  large  wells  on  the  roads,  but  at 
I'uch  great  dilhinces  that  peojile  often  die 
with  tliirft  ;  and  fbmetimes  thofe  wells  are 
choak'd  or  bury'd  with  the  land,  which 
the  ilormy  wintls  often  blow  up  to  as  to 
bury  travellers. 

There  are  only  three  rivers  of  any  note  in 
all  this  vaft  country.  That  of  Nubia,  which 
having  rim  through  the  def.irts  of  Lempl.i 
andBonio,  (inks under  ground -,  thatof  G/.'ir, 
running  into  the  defart  of  Zuenziga  ;  and 
tliat  of  Cavallos,  or  horfes,  rifing  in  and  run- 
ning through  the  defarc  of  Zaiihaga,  and 
falling  into  the  ocean,  divided  into  two 
branches. 

This  great  traft  of  land  is  commonly  di- 
vided into  fevcn  principal  parts  or  provinces, 
each  of  them  taking  its  name  from  the  chief 
town.  To  the  ealhvard  are  Boriw,  Gaoga 
and  Beriloa,  all  of  them  formerly  kingdoms. 
From  call  to  welt  lie  Lempta,  '■Targa,  Zuen- 
ziga., and  Senega  or  Zaiibaga.    'riiefe  are 

Vol.  V. 


lubdivided  into  defarts,  each  of  which  has  Harikjt' 
its  peculiar  name.  ^^V^' 

The  ancient  ylfriain  inhabitants  arc  i  inhnii. 
brutilli  fav.iye  people,  and  great  thieves  •,  imti. 
and  the  Jrabi  intermix'd  among  them,  not 
much  belter.  The  more  civili/M  fort  live 
in  towns,  the  others  wander  about  with 
their  cattle,  fiibjedl  to  no  laws  or  govern- 
mem.  'i'he  principal  habii.itions  are  in  the 
willeni  part,  near  the  ocean  and  the  rivers, 
'i'lule  wellcrn  ,/rabs  were  formerly  c.ill'd 
Sabaih,\nis.  In  .dl  other  parts  ol  Aal'ara  the 
towns  .ue  veiy  remote  tiom  eaihother,  at 
lueh  plac(  s  when:  there  are  like  or  inoralles, 
and  where  the  air  is  moll  lenipeiati .  The 
wretched  n.itive.s,  knuv.  iiiji;  no  better,  re- 
main laiisfieil  with  what  their  country  af- 
torils. 

I'hey  ;  re  fubjeifl  to  their  own  kings  or 
h)rds  eali'd  A 'y/rrt,  or  die  live  like  beafb, 
in  their  beloved  brutal  liberty,  efpecially  i!ie 
Arahi. 

Manual  lays,  thefe  .Ir.ih  arc  ilefcended 
from  S.iiuill'.i,  the  Ion  of  Cbus,  whole 
dwelling  was  in  the  delarts,  between  Tin^i- 
liiiiia  and  NuiiiUia  :  ('.bus  haviiifi;  peopfeil 
Etbiopi.i,  and  I'nth  I.jbi.i,  formerly  from 
him  call'il  Futcia,  and  now  A';_i;^i/;,i.  Chus 
and  I'uth  were  thefons  of  Cham,  the  ton  of 
Noah. 

Many  of  tliem  are  Mahnmctans,  others "'''i'"''. 
have  neither  faith  nor  reli|;ioi). 

The  people  living  in  tiie  defart  of  I.\h'ui 
towards  the  well,  are  the  Av7;tr/w,  the  L«- 
./((;■;,  the  Dulc^im,  and  the  Saicguci,  and 
Ibme  Arabs  ;  and  thefe  pofltffs  ihetirlt  part 
of  the  defart. 

The  fecond   habitation  is  Trj^a/a,  caft  ofstvtml 
the  former,  where  they  dig  fait  of  leveral'';'^"»- 
colours,    which  the  merchants  of  ?'.<(   and'"""' 
I'ombut  carry  away  with  carav.ins  of  cainels, 
tr.iverlinj5  the  delarts  of  two  hundred  leagues, 
,ind  carrying   iheir  provifions   with   them; 
which  if  they  happen  to  fall  lliort,  they  are 
ILirv'd  to  death.      Belides,   they  are  often 
intelled  by  a  luuth-ealt  wind,  which   blinds 
fbme  of  them,  and  others  are  lamed  in  their 
joints;    but  all   thefe  ha/.ards  are  fweetned 
by  the  hopes  of  gain. 

Zuenziia  is  the  third   habitation,  a  defart  7_u;nji,,_ 
llill  more  dry  anil  barren  than  the  former,  **  ' 

inhabited  by  the  Guanajerces  or  ZueitzigaiHi 
and  thro'  it  pals  the  merchants  oi  Tremc'ii, 
bound  tur  ■■Tumhitt  and  TiU,  with  great  ha- 
zard of  their  lives  ;  efpecially  .ibout  that 
part  of  it  call'd  Gogden,  where  travellers 
find  no  water  lor  nine  days,  unlefs  in  fbme 
ponds  after  rain,  but  that  fbon  dries  up. 

The  bell  leatbn  to  travel  thro'  thefe  de-(^,,^^,^ 
farts  is  the  winter,  when  Ibme  water  may 
be  found  in  wells.  The  "inter  is  from  Au- 
gujl  to  the  end  oi Noven.oer,  and  fometimes 
till  the  beginning  of  February;  when  there 
isgrafs,  water  and  milk. 

6  U  The 


>;;  H 


,,'ii 


>r    'l^M 


■  m!1^ 


I     A 


!  I 


ir^H  ■"'!•! 


iti, 


%h:l^    M'. 


■:'')■■]'• 


Gemral  Ohfeiroatitms  on 


Mii'trtUt 

Inhiii- 

t*nli. 


A.:..'. 


TtaJi. 


Till?  foil  in  general  is  barren,  i\\e  meum- 
t.iins  llct-paml  uncouth,  b'.iring  norhin^  but 
tiiorns  an(\  briars  •,  the  molt  fertile  places 
produce  a  little  barle/,  and  lomc  cUtes. 
1  he  inhabitants  have  nofhina  to  depenii  on 
but  their  camels,  whole  nelh  and  milk 
maintains  them,  as  alto  ibnicfeW  flieep  and 
ortric  hes.  To  add  to  their  mifery,  they  are 
much  intefted  with  I'erpents,  and  fw.irms  ot 
loculls  fly  a-crol's  thtir  dclarts,  cop''iiiiin<^ 
what  little  verdure  the  earth  afVords. 

The  inhabitants  arc  lean,  tlio'  tlie  ;iir  of 
Z(i/jr<>-iJ  is  lb  wliolelbmc ,  that  the  people  ot 
Jiarbary  carry  their  fick  thitiicr  to  recover 
their  health,  and  the  natives  arc  not  lubjecf 
todifcales.  The  women  arc  very  trelh  and 
lully,  having  commonly  larjj!;e  biealh,  Both 
lexes  arc  ol  :'  tawny  complexion. 

Amon^  there  .■Ifiictvu  are  many  //rah, 
who  cxaft  tribute  from  the  Sfgultiit'lf  for 
the  lands  they  cultivate.  Tl,^le  ^/row  wan- 
der about  the  del.irts,  as  tar  as  ^_iy(.' /,  iKiy- 
ing  where  they  find  palbire  tor  tlieir  car"' ', 
ot  which  tlicy  havegrcit  itocks,  and  gather 
abundance  of  dates  on  tiie  frontiers  ot  W/Vi' 
(liilgt'iiii,  where  they  lord  it  liy  die  numlKr 
of  their  cavalry. 
StUtiriit.  Among  tiiem  there  is  a  nobler  tribe  or 
hord,  call'd  Gnrfa  and  Efrwe  ;  with  whom 
the  kings  ot  Barbars  make  alliances,  ai  :l 
marry  tlie  daughters  of  the  chiefs  ot  them. 

Their  principal  tr.idc  is  at  Cured,  in  the 
kingdom  of  Fez,  whence  they  make  incur- 
lions  as  far  as  Figiiig,  putting  all  the  people 
under  contribution,  and  fell  them  the  flaves 
they  get  from  among  the  Blarb,  who  dread 
them,  as  bti.ic  iniumianly  treated  when  in 
their  power. 

Some  of  thefe  Jrabs  fell  camels  to  the 
Rlacks.  They  iiavc  a  good  number  of  horfes, 
and  uie  tliem  in  hunting.  They  are  addifted 
to  jxietry,  and  put  their  hiftory,  as  well  as 
their  amours  into  verfe,  whicii  they  fing  to 
leveral  inulical  inftruments.  They  are  frank 
and  ojien-hearted,  and  do  all  ihings  for  ho- 
nour. If  a  llranger  happens  to  come  among 
them,  they  fealt  him,  according  to  their 
.ibility. 

The  me.in  wandering  Arabs  go  quite 
naked;  others  more  modcft,  wrapapieceof 
coarle  cloth  about  their  body  ;  and  fome 
wear  a  tort  of  turbant  on  their  head.  Such 
as  are  well  to  pal's,  have  a  long  blue  cotton 
frock  or  vcft,  with  wide  hanging-lleevcs, 
brought  them  from  the  country  of  the  Blacks. 

When  travelling,  they  ricle  on  camels, 
pl.icing  the  faddle  between  the  bunch  on  the 
b.ick  and  the  neck,  and  putting  a  bridle 
through  holes  Iwr'd  in  the  noltrils  of  the 
btall,  with  which  they  have  as  much  com- 
mantl  ot  them  as  we  have  of  horfes,  ufing 
a  goad  intU-ad  of  fpurs.  They  lie  on  mats 
made  of  rudies,  and  their  tents  are  covcr'cj 
wiih  coarle  camtl'b-hair  cloth.    Their  lan- 


IUqiI. 


HiJini;  on 
{.until. 


guage,  which  is  a-kin  to  the  AfrUan,  is  riwle 
and  b.ub.irous  and  tlicir  religion  grofi  M*- 

homftan:im. 

The  Htrtbtrti,  who  live  amon^  them,  arn 
lirttled  in  their  habitations,  being  a  goodna- 
turcJ  pciiple,  kind  tort  rangers,  and  honell 
in  trade  •,  whereas  the  wandering  Arabi  are 
c,ontinu.illy  robbing.  They  call  the  ftony 
part  of  their  defarts  Zahara,  the  landy  Ct- 
ilrl,  and  the  marfhy  Azgar,  which  is  their 
tlivifion  of  the  country, 

.Avery  modern  author  mentions  fifteen  f;/,r„ 
tribes  of  Aralu  inhabiting  the  northern  parts'''^"  «' 
ot  the  defart  of  Zahara,  from  the  ocean,  *'*'" 
near  cape  Boja.lor,  to  about  the  twentiL'th 
degree  ot  longitude  t'rom  the  meridian  of 
/.onJoii  eafl,  which  he  reckons  as  follows ; 
the  lltlelis,  Ln,laya  and  DuUyn  Arabs  from 
north  to  loiith,  bcf  ..en  ca|)e  Boiador  and 
the  river  of  gold,  under  the  trc>piik,  the 
DuUvH  being  mix'd  with  the  Dcvcchcs  to 
the  louthw.iril  •,  behind  them  to  the  caffward, 
u|)  tlie  inland,  he  pl.ires  the  Burbtn,  Vlctl, 
and  Aramtihi  Arabs ;  next  to  them  caUcrly 
again,  the  Crcm,  and  Gar/a  Arabs  ;  farther 
call  .igain  the  '/.arqan  and  the  Ejque  Arabs  \ 
call  of  them  'he  ^bair  and  Sahit  Arabs  ; 
lout  h  of  whom  .ire  the  l.emplunes  A/wj,cal  I'd 
Ahnoravides;  and  fouth  of  them  is  the  delart 
oi  Lrmptuncs,  inhabited  by  a  brutifli  nation, 
and  by  the  yab-jyc  Arabs,  inhabiting  th<' 
more  fbuthern  part  of  this  defart.  All  the 
abovcmention'd  tribes  or  hords  ij(  Arabs  arc 
vagrant  fhepherds  and  robbers,  living  in 
tents  and  huts. 

When  any  one  of  them  dies,  the  wife,  or 
ncxtof  kin  goes  out  ot  the  tent,  howling  after 
a  (trange  manner,  and  as  loud  as  the  voice 
can  ftrain,  to  alarm  the  neighbours. 

Thefe  dwellings  were  in  former  ages  the 
country  ot  the  Gfliili  and  NtmUtr,  whom 
the  Arabs  have  drove  to  the  frontiers  cf 
the  Black;,  and  jx)neffed  themfelvcs  of  their 
country.  If  any  Nuniidiaiis  remain,  they  arc 
fubjeft  to  the  Arabs. 

GtJAi.ATA  and  GcNnioA  kingdoms. 

npHK  firllofthcm  borders  to  the  north  • 
*  ward  on  Zanhaga,  and  the  other  foutli- 
ward  on  Se'iega  river.  They  are  two  dil- 
tinft  kindoms,  coinprchended  in  Nuritia, 
both  extending  on  the  well  to  tiie  Ailantu 
ocean ;  and  on  the  caft  to  the  defart  of 
Zahara :  only  Gniehoa,  on  that  fide  joins 
partly  on  the  faid  defiirt,  and  p.irtly  on  the 
kingdom  of  Tombnf. 

Theairisvcry  wholefome,  tho'  extreme- w/r. 
ly  hot,  and  each  of  them  has  its  metropolis 
of  the  fame  name  with  the  country.  How- 
ever, they  are  bur  thinly  peopled,  as  being 
very  fcarce  of  water,  and  having  but  few 
rivers. 

The  kingdom  of  Gualata,  whofe  inhabi-'"**^-- 
tants   are   call'd    Beitays,    and  in  ancient''"'"' 

geograpliy 


Gualata,  Genehoa,  aud  Tombuc. 


??? 


yuan,  is  riide 
on  groft  Ma- 

Ml.; them,  arc 
ng  a  gooilna- 
s,  aiul  honclt 
ng  Arabi  are 
call  the  ftony 
the  llindy  Ci- 
ivliich  is  their 

cntions  fifteen  f'/"'- 
lorthern  parts'""  ' 

1  '  An'. 

Ill  the  ocean, 
:  tlu-  twentifth 
ic  meridian  of 
jns  ;'.5  follows ; 
m  /fitth  from 
K  Boiathr  and 
,e  tropiik,  the 
he  Devcthci  to 

0  the  eaft  want, 
Burhm,  Lilfiiy 

1  them  eallerly 
Arabi  \  farther 
iC  I'.f'jue  Arabi  \ 
d  Sahit  Arabs ; 
«f  J  M«fln,caird 
em  is  the  dclarc 
I  brutifh  nation, 

inhabiting  the 
defart.  All  the 
irds  of  Arabs, xre 
bcrs,    living  ira 

es,  the  wife,  or 

,  iiowling  after 

)ud  as  the  voice 

bours. 
ormer  ages  the 
imu-ie,  whom 
the  frontiers  cf 
mfclvcs  of  their 
remain,  they  arc 


A  kingdoms. 

rs  to  the  north - 
the  other  fouth- 

y  are  two  dif- 
led   in   Nigriiia, 

to  the  Ailanttc 
the  defarc  of 

that  fide  joins 
id  partly  on  the 


0 


tho'  extreme- iii'r. 
las  its  metropolis 
ountry.     How- 
•opled,  as  being 
having  but  few 

whofe  inhahi-'"*'*''- 
and   in  ancient''"'"" 
geography 


r«i/*7. 


geography  M^dcou:,  has  three  great  and 
populous  towns  i  the  metropolis  is  adorn'd 
witii  delightful  gardens  ami  il.ite-fields, 
lies  twenty-five  leagues  tfom  the  lea-lhore, 
about  thirty  leagues  to  tho  northward 
of  Torn!:!'..  Siii:iitiii  lays  <lown  in  this  do 
minion,  a  place  callM  IhiUn,  lying  north 
of  St.  'JohiK  river,  fix  days  iouriiey  inland 
from  cape  liramo,  in  nineteen  d(}',r'^^es  thirty 
minutes  latitud  ■,  *here  the  .hubi  anil  the 
caravans  that  tome  from  Toiiibiit,  ami 
other  places  of  Ntgritut,  travelling  ii>roui!,h 
to  llirbar\\  (lay  antl  refrePi  themltlves. 

This  country  about  Hodot  alioiinds  in 
dates  and  barley,  and  has  plenty  ol  ca- 
mels, beeves  anil  goats ;  but  their  beeves 
are  a  finaller  breed  than  ours  of  luirnfe.  It 
has  many  lions  and  leopards  terrible  to  the 
inhabitants  v  as  alto  oltricltes,  whofe  eggs 
they  account  a  dainty. 

Thefc  regions  are  in  feveral  pl.ices  much 
infertcd  with  monllers  of  various  f[)ecics, 
that  meet  at  the  watery  pl.iccs,  and  are 
bredoffo  many  ditVeren':  kinds.  Tiie  lions 
are  reported  to  be  fiercer  than  elfewhere  i 
and  roar  moft  horribly  in  the  night-time. 
They  have  alfo  monftrous  lerpents,  .uui  a 
multitude  of  very  venomous  fcorpions,  for 
whole  fake,  in  ibmc  prts  of  L}bia,  men 
arc  forcM  to  wear  a  kind  of  leather  boot^. 
They  arc  befides  pl.igued  witii  prodigious 
fwarms  of  loculls  in  ti\e  dry  leaibn  •,  as  in 
'July  cfpecially,  which,  like  thick  clouds, 
traverfu  the  continent  of  Africn  from  e.ilt 
to  weft,  tho*  fo  very  large,  andbrouzeall 
the  plants,  and  even  the  bark  of  trees  •,  and 
lease  behind  them  their  eggs,  wiiere  they 
lia\e  relied  a  while,  which  encreales  the 
calamity  of  thofc  countries,  as  breeding 
the  fpecies  ad  iiijinitam,  and  caufing  a  ton 
tinued  dclbl.it ioii. 

Both  fexes  are  very  black,  but  civil  and 
courteous  to  ftrangers.  The  inh.ibitantsof 
the  city  GiaiLita  live  poorly,  but  thole  of 
Ihdei;  plentifully,  having  barley- breail, 
dates  and  flefli  i  and  fupply  their  want  of 
wine,  by  drinking  camel's  milk,  and  diat 
of  other  beafls. 

Both  men  and  women  have  their  faces 
commonly  cover'd  with  a  cloth  ;  and  the 
men  of  llodc'n  wear  fiiort  white  jackets, 
but  the  women  think  it  no  (hame  to  go 
(lark  naked,  covering  their  he.tds  only  with 
a  caul  of  hair  dy'd  red.  Their  language  is 
that  of  Zungas,  ufed  among  the  Gelojffi. 

Theft:  Arabs  of  Ihden,  like  the  others, 
never  continue  long  in  a  place,  bur  rove 
up  and  down  with  their  cattle  through  the 
adjacent  wilds. 

The  S.-negiici,  as  long  as  the  country  of 
Nignl'ui  was  under  their  jurifdiftion,  had 
lettled  the  royal  refidence  of  their  kings  in 
Gualata,  which  brought  a  great  concourfe 
of  Barl/Mi  merchants  thither,   to  trade  a c 


the  mouth  of  the  river  of  the  SeHeguei,\isrt.n(yr. 
which  runs  through  tli.it  i  ountry,  and' was  '"^V^^ 
thought  to  procecil  from  the  Nigtr  \  but 
fince  th.it  country  fell  into  the  hands  of  a 
powerful  prince,  callM  SnniHAi,  the  mer- 
chants forlook  this  pl.ice,  and  lettled  their 
llaples  at  Tombut  and  Gugo.  The  people 
ot  Ilodcn  Hill  drive  a  tradein  6"/(a/,j/«,  anil 
reliirt  thither  in  gre.it  numbers,  with  tluir 
camel,  l.ulen  witii  copper,  lilver,  and  other 
conmiodities  from  lijrhiiry,  and  other 
countries,  as  alio  to  'fumi'iit,  and  iii.iny 
jilaces  in  A'/j;n/;(;,  carrying  home  no  woric 
return  trom  tlience  than  gold. 

The  king  of  Gua!a!ii  In  ing  overcome  in 
battle  by  tlie  king  of  Tomb<i,  in  the  year 
iS2^>,  wasrellor'd  to  histlirone,  upon  con- 
dition he  ihould  pay  iiini  a  ve.u  ly  tribute. 

Thefe  people,  tho'  Uihj  ct  to  kings,  lia\c 
no  pofitive  l.iws,  or  courts  of  judicature  iii 
their  chief  towns,  to  [ninilli  maletartorsj  but: 
live  altera  rambling  m.mner  promifcuoufly, 
every  oneendeavoiiiing  to  be  his  own  judgi: 
and  arbitrator  ;  the  king',  will  being  their 
law. 

They  live  like  their  neighbours  of  the 
defarts,  who  want  moll  conveniencies  of 
lite,  having  only  great  and  fmall  millet, 
little  cattle,  and  fome  palm-trees,  and  arc 
a  rude  people,  and  thole  which  are  moft  to 
the  Ibuthward  hl.ickelt.  The  native  Guala- 
tans  worftiip  fire,  jierhaps  becaufe  of  Its 
ufefulnefs,  as  the  peo|ile  of  Aiiiini  and  S^ui^ 
vWa  in  North  America  are  laid  to  pay  reli- 
(.'ious  adoration  to  water.  Thofc  who  are 
(>•  the  Anibiau  race  are  Mabcmclans,  and 
prof  iTed  enemies  to  chrifti.inity.  The  l.in- 
guage  of  this  country  is  tiie  Zuiig.iy,  ufed 
by  the  Gcbiffes  alfo. 

G  E  N  K  It  o  A  lUvidow, 
T)  Y  fome  cdlM  Guini'.i,    by  the  African 
^   merchants  Gh,HeV:t,  and  by  the  natives 
Gcwii  or  Genii,  in  the  ancient  geography 
was  nam'd  Mnuioii. 

It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  king- 
dom of  Gualata,  on  thewift  by  the  ocean, 
on  the  louth  by  the  S:i!,ga  liver,  and  on  the 
eart  by  'Pimi'ia. 

This  country,  liio' of  a  large  extent,  has 
neither  cities,  towns  nor  fortrefles,  but  only 
one,  which  looks  more  like  a  village,  where 
the  king  r  Idv-s,  and  there  is  a  fortof  uni- 
verfity,  fo  education  of  their  priefts  and 
learned  men.  It  is  alfo  the  ft.iple  for  all  the 
merchants  of  the  kini;dom:  yet  this  place 
of  I'o  great  relbrt  has  wretched  buildings, 
being  only  fmall  thatch'd  huts  and  hovels 
of  loam,  ftanding  round;  the  doors  fo  low 
and  narrow,  that  they  are  forc'd  to  creep 
in  and  out :  which  wc  may  fuppofe  are  nOi/M/,^  ;„ 
better  built,  becaufe  they  expedt  every  year,  hau. 
in  July,  Aiigiijl  and  Seftanber,  to  be  under 
water,'  by  the  overflowing  of  the  Senega, 
when  they  retire  into  vcirds  and  boats  made 

for 


■Il*":''.*jl| 


;?6 


Getteral  Ohfcriatioffs  on 


.■:  I  I 


IUhbot  for  ih.it  purpofe,  in  which  the  kina  firft 
•"O^^^lcuU  hb  turniture  aivl  houlliolillliift  olhis 
low-roof'ii  pal.icc  •,  llim  tl\c  fthol.irs  .tiul 
pi  ii(K  tlirir  univerfity  gnols ;  aiul  next  the 
iiicTthintsanil  iiili.iliit.inrs  their  movrabh's ; 
iiiul  l.irt  ot  all,  the  water  incrcalinj;,  thiy  go 
-.ilio-nl  thcmlclvi's,  a<it  tlicy  nitcrM  ihcark-, 
and  at  tlic  Caiiu-  linic  the  merchants  ol  lorn- 
hitctrnxc  lliither,  aiul  loininj;  fleets,  tra(li(  k 
with  them  on  the  water. 

This  kiii^ilom  .ihounils  in  rice,  barh-y, 
loiton,  I'attU-  .iiul  ruh -,  hut  tluir  I'cnri  ity 
of  dates,  are  lup|ilyM  them  luitii  dnittila 
.iiid   .Viimiili.i, 

The  inhabitants  accorilinn  lo  their  man 
ner  ^ti  haiuH'oimly  i  lail,  in  hl.uk  aiul  hhie 
cotton-,  otw huh  they  .ilto  we.ir  hi  .id  lalh 
rs:  but  tlieir  prielU  ,uul  do(!lors  are  habited 
only  in  white  cotton,  eommon  .lili)  to  ilic 
^Uta.piii,  with  white  JKiniiet'. 

'I'liele  i>ei)|)|e  m  li.e  |.',ieat  ailv.uu.ij^i'  ol 
ill,  ir  loiton  tlotli--,  wliuhthiy  baiter  with 
I  he  merrh.mts  ot  li.iii'.ify,  tor  hniin,  eop- 
jKT,  arni";,  d.ites  .uul  other  lommodiiics, 

M.:'rio!  lays,  they  have  money  ol  \j,M 
lliat  lus  never  been  nulled  -,  .is  .iltb  a  (iir 
rent  coin  ol  iron,  lome  pieces  whcrcol  wci[;li 
a  poiin.l,  others  lour  oiiiucs. 

T!ic  kingdom  w.is  lornierly  t'ubjeifl  to 
llie  J.ii'iltni'  or  //im/'liott-f,  a  pcojile  ol  /.v- 
/)(.»,  wiio  lounded  the  iily  ot  Murocio,  call'd 
alio  Morahtiiiii-f,  ot  the  r.ice  ol  the  /limtirA- 
■viilff,  but  was  attcrwariis  maile  tribiu.iry  to 
Snm-.'lli  king  ot  Tninbut.  His  luccilVur 
li'ibid  obt.tining  a  fi^nal  viftory  over  the 


Toinbut 

1(7117), 


Three  mile*  Jrom  rum/'w/,  on  the  b.mk  ol ' -"nhft 
the  Nigri-y  llamU  another  cieat  town,  rallM'"*'' 
(.'.i/t.i  or  Ciml'iY  -,  a  loinemrnt  plue  (or 
increh.uns  to  tec  out  lor  ilu   kingdom  ol 
Mi-lli  ill  A'/j{r;.'(i». 

Ihc  emperor  of  iomhut  hm  vaft  tlomi 

iiioiis,  wliiili  yiiidiiim  immenle  treatiirc,  .t"* '' 
111  1  1  .  11         lunil  u 

which  111'  plle^  up  in  b.irs  ol  juire  gold  ol 

!\l>tu-,  lome  of  them  laiil  to  be  ol  .i  priKli- 
gious  weight.  1  le  lliles  hiint'ril  emiK-ror  of 
Mi-Ui.  111!)  court  is  as  well  regiif.ittd  as 
any  in  ll.iiij.iry,  both  in  rehgiouii  and  teni- 
poial  artiiirs. 

'i'heclieritV  Mihomft,  in  the  Ik  i(',ht  ol'  his 
prolperity,  li.ui  thoughts  of  loiujuri  ing  tlii; 
.iiid  other  kingdoms  ot  ilie  li!ii(k>,  at  the 
inlligation  of  tiie  people  ol   /.)/'/rf,  as  had 
lieen  durif  in  tormer  ,igps  by  the  Li/n/luties. 
J  Ic  lit  forw.ird  by  the  way  of  .Ueqiiia  el 
/hi)i,ir,i,  on  llir  borders  ot  (Wiichoa,  with 
o;ic  tlioulaiul  ( ii;ht  hiindred  liorle,  ami  an 
iiihiuie  mimbi  r  ol  c.imcis  loaded  with  am- 
mwMition  and  piovilions  i  but  bi  itig  iiiforin'il 
that  the  king  ol  •I'un'iHt  was  inardiing  to 
m.ethim,  with  tliiee  liuiidnrd  tlioiil.iiidmen, 
he  made  liallc    b.uk    to   'J'.ini.l.in:.      'I'iiij 
happened  in  the  year  1.540,  Some  i  hrilliaii 
captives,    that  belong'd  to  the  cherilF,  at- 
tending him  in  ih.it  expedition,  the  /l!,icki 
lelorted  thither  to  look  on  them  as  a  wonder, 
belicNing   thole  //■/.;;.'(•  flavcs  were   not  like 
other  men,  aiul  delighted  to  diliourle  with 
them  1  theclieritlli.iviiiginilulbi'juny  given 
out,  tiiat  they  were  monlKrs,  that  uAd  to 


Wttir, 


M"' 


thtly  ef 


te.ir  other  men  with  their  luth  and  eat 
king  ot  Gc«<-/i(?i;,  took  .iiul  lent  him  piil'oncr  tin  in.  Marmnl,  who  gives  this  .iccount, 
to  fAifo,  where  he  died  in  captivity.  was  liiinfelf  in  the  expedition. 

The  king  ot  Tomhut  thus  grown  mafter         When  the  king  of  'I'oinbut  takes  a  pro-f, 
of  all  Gcnrhna,    reducM  it  into  a  province,     grel's,    he  is  .ittendcd  by  all  his  court  on  «r;«, 
placing  a  governor  there,  .uid  then  cauliil     i.imels;  but  in  fight  they  all  ride  on  horfes, 
a  great  market  to  be  proclaim'd  in  the  nic-     are   bold    foldiers,    but  obferve  no  order. 
tro|)olis  ot  the  country.  Their  bell  horlesome  from  y)'.;;7',»v,  which 

tV/,;rwo/ fays  the  people  of  G^wc/iort  were     when  arriv'd,    the  ...,g  chutes  fucli  as  he 

likes  and  p.iys  v\ll  for  them.  Ni^ritui  has 
no  good  breed  of  liorles,  but  fome  Ihvill 
ones,  which  they  uk  ,it  'Ihml'nt  to  rkle  in 
and  about  the  town. 

The  people  of  Tomhiit  are  good-natur'd,  ;„;,,j,. 
civil  and  pleafint,  anti  I'peml  much  of  theMwi. 
T  T  will  not  be  improj'jer  to  give  fonic  ac-     night  in  finging,    dancing  and  revelling  a- 

i  ..,,.,„,,>(, I,;.  i.;„„.i„ u.  ;„.,  ,k „n     |)„ut  the  ffrccts.     They  keep  many  flavcs 

of  both  fexes. 

There  are  great    numbers  of  Ihidents,  ^j^^.j,,, 
who  arc  in  grc.it  cIleeiTi  and  maintain'd  at 
the  king's  charge,  having  abundance  of  4- 
rahick  books  brought  them  from  Biirlhify, 


Ami 


t-ik:i. 


ca !1M  in  .V'r/i.j  Mir.ihittiia,  anil  the  firll 
that  embracM  the  Mahomcian  tupertlition, 
in  the  days  of  /1,\/mii,  the  (on  of  //We/  j\f<i- 
lu  ;  (or  bclore  tlity  were  chriflians. 

The  KiiigJom  of  Tomkv  t. 

T  will  not  be  improj'jer  to  give  fonic  ac- 
count of  this  kingdom,  as  b;  ing  the  moll 
noted  .imoiig  the  more  northern  Blada,  both 
for  its  riches  and  tr.ulc. 

It  takes  tiie  name  from  a  city  founded,  as 
they  lay,  by  king  Mcnj'cy  Stdnm.iii  or  Soti- 
;;;,!>;,  anno  1221,  .ibout  thirteen  miles  from 
an  arm  ot  the  Ni^,-r,  and  one  hundred  and 
thirty  leagues  from  the  country  of  Dara  or 
Scgilviijfi-. 

This  city  w.is  formerly  famous  for  fuinp- 
mous  buildings,  but  is  now  reduc'd  to 
plain  huts  and  hovels,  and  h.is  only  one 
ilateiy  mo(c]uc  and  a  magnificent  palace 
for  the  king,  built  by  a  famous  archittd  of 
(jr,ii:tiiLi,  who  happcn'd  to  com-  thither. 


and  purchafed  at  great  rates. 

There  arc  alfo  many  tradifmen  and  ar-7>«,(„, 
tificers,     cipeci.illy  cotton-weavers,    fhop- 
keepers  and  handicrafts. 

Their  common  diet  is  a  diOr  comix)led  of     j 
llfli,  filh,   butler  and  milk,    ftewM  toge- 
ther. 

All  the  women,  except  fl.ivcs,  cover  their  «««?•< 
heads  and  fices.  They 


DtHilr 


U'illf. 


H» 


tinlf  of 


|(Wt 


A<mr 


I'M. 


the  Kinz^dom  of  Tombut. 


^7 


Tliry  hive  nn  llitiipM  dim,    l)iit  only     ninjjot  tiic  l.ill  century,   iDinc  fhips  hoiirul  lUiiiior. 
biug' r  or   Iniilln    ^l|t•^l^  tit   [nin    (;olil  of    (or  tlii-  E.iJ  Inhci  lUcrirn', c.iltw.inl  to  pre- V^V^' 
•lu\f  \  .)n  1  line  jiKM',  oi  mci  il  iwillnl  hki     vcru  li'lngkliiven  upon  tlic  eo.ill  ot  Bratil, 
,1  fn.iil  l.ikl  ID  lOiiu- lioin /'/'y.'.i,  lour  luin-     .ilioiit   i.ipc   >S,.    .lu^nihnt  w  re    inicnniily 
«lral  wlu'ri'of  imkc  a  ilucu,    lu  ili.it  tluy     i.iiryM  upon  the  h.mks,  lyini',  briwixi  the 
I  rvr  for  lii.ill  t  li.in^c,  .itonliinl  i  ipc  y,r,l-  ami  Cihn  Monti- \  \n<.\ 

The tity  ot  7! «//"//,  vonllllin^ot  ili.itiiiM     oilier,  wen'  into  ilic  ///_,;''/  o\  Guma. 
(0ti.i;V''»   i*  olim  l'ul>n\l  tol)c  liunu.     Ic  is         Oliliivinc  the  .iliove  iiirntio?)M    court?, 

iinl  wh.it  1  li.ive  liilorc  t.ikrii   notiic  ot  in 
lie  ikli  ri|  iKm  ol  Sun  l   l.<'.i:i,  we  c.inie  t(» 
h.ivf  f^ln  ol  l.uiil  .vt  i..\\y  Mmili;  mvWuv 
iii[',  Imiii'Jit   it  to  lu-irnorth,  r.inR'tl  the 


pliMiiuiJiy  lupplyM  Willi  w.ur,  not  only  by 
ih.iniKU  ui.iwn  Irom  ilic  .\/j(',  whiihruns 
tliiou[',h  the  llr;rK,  l>'it  liy  .iliiiiul.iiuc  ot 
wilN.  riurc  .ire  , ///.n//// >  or  jiiilf^is,  .iiul 
other  ilo^'tofi  ol  ih,'  (,iw  ot  .\/,//i,'('r.',  who 
arc  ni.iinl.iiiK'il  by  tlii'  |nilili(k,  .iiul  niiuh 
rdprcleil. 


Ihori'  (o  Jiio  Sr/hn  ;  wlu  if,  it  ori'.ilion  rc- 
iiunc,  w(.-  in.vy  tJo|)  to ('.i  in  wooil,  water, 
.;ikI  puivifions.     Itut  li.ivii^',  no  oicalion. 

Till- mrrihantsot' />.',  /V/nror(t;,  .imi  i-vcn  we  IhrrM  our  lourti'  lo.is  to  [\rt  fij^lu  ot 

o(  (tr,t>i,l  ddini,  iclort   lo    /«/';//(/  to  tr.ulf  •'»«,/rfl /'.i/vs  lo  takf  in  liinif  f,'«/(;ij   pep|H'r 

tor  t;okl,   will.  Ii  i.  liioiii'Jit  iliiilici    by    tlit:  nr  Miltn^iifiif  Un  our  ik-liivi''' Hives,   Next 

iH'ople  ot    M,ii!il:> ^ii,   in   Imlipkniy,  ih.it  we  tnilcivoiuM  to  li.uv  lii>lit   ot   lape  i/.ii 

I'lniiiinus  ilie  nil  Till. lilts  li.iviii|',  liilpolcilot  l\i,m,i),  tVoivi  tour  or  live  UMjjues  ilill.ini;e 

.'II  tlnir  lonimo.lities,   ili.it  nut. illies  (hero  it   tia,  to  avoiil  tlic   Iho.iis  ili.il  Ihoot  out 

till  .motlier  return,  or  ist.irry'il  lioiiie.i^;ain.  Iioin  it  to  the  Ibiitliwarcl.     'I'luiue,  without 

The  prim  t  sot  this  country  .m- Huh  em  •  imiiin^;  iie.ir  the  linr-j   kliII,  ;is  bound  lii- 

inirs  to  7i'(i",  that  they  .ire  .ililiiluuly  Im  uiHIy  lo  the  <"!>'./ Co,;//,  we  tame  to  .inilior 

bill   the  (ouiiiryi   ami  Ihoiikl  i(  bi    known,  liclore  ljjfny,w  .lllinti!,  biiiip,  the  tirll  poit 

that  the  iiaiive   nirnlianis  li.id  any   mrrc-  ur  town  ol  that  loall.     As  tor  the  rcnuinin[4 

Iponiicnie  with  tlum,  their  ell.itis  wouKI  be  (niirle  .iloii;;  i',  i  vi  ry  man  does  as  he  )Uilfj;ts 

(  onfilcitcil.  lonveniint,  or  .is  hi .  oicafions  lequire,  troni 

Wlirn  iny  peilon  Ipeaks  to  the  kiii^;,  lie  port  to  port,  to  the  enil  ol  the  l.iine. 

imid  piolliate  liinili.lt  on  the  grouml,  .iiul  But  when  we  ilefij^ii  ilirei^tly  t'roiti  ca|)c 
ihrow  cliilt  on  liishr.ul  .iml  Ihiiuliici -.  'I'lie 
kinj;  IS  itteiuled  by  leven  thouLiml  liorle  .uul 
a  v.ill  multaudr  ot  arclais  alooi,  h.u  iit;^ 
longbows,  andpoiloiiM  .iirows.  All  pii- 
Ibners  ut  w.ir  .ire  ni.iilc  H  ives. 

The  country  abound,  in  corn  ;  .uul  ilieie 
is  liich  plenty  ot  raitic,  ih.it  milk  and  butter 
arc  coininon.    Silt  is  very  Icaice,  whaiihey 


lull. 


,1.1)  l',ilm,i>  to  Lamps,  l'o[f:r/,  I'uU  anil 
.■h;b.i,  we  lit  our  courh'  to  the  touth,  till 
III  the  latitn  le  of  c.ipe  •l'r,-i  r'Kilns,  iakiii(\; 
cire,  il  pollibk,  io^',it  fii',ht  ol  il  •,  .indconi- 
iiiiinly  to  I. ill  Ml  .11  .Im>h,  it  liiil  .It  i'liiorarv, 
lo  provide  .1  iMrcinoe  ol  lixtceii  to  twenty 
lowirsor  p.idleis.  Tlieiue  bearinj^  live  or 
li.\  leaj^Uis  oil  llie  (ijl.l  CuiJ,  we  get  in  :l 
have  being  broui'Jit  them  tioni  tiie  couiiiry  lliort  time  to  .my  el  the  above  mention'J 
ot'  Sr-iii'^a,  .1    hundred  an!  t'eveiity    ie.ij;iKs     pl.ices. 

to  the  northward.  We  olil'erv'd,  liuriinj;  ihl.  naviyiiion,  the 

The  kiiiL;  li.is  a  i  oiiimilllDii:  r  in  the  lity  tile  to  let  olteii  to  tlie  e.illw.iid,  ami  to 
Cii'jra,  who  hears  and  drteiiiiiiies  ill  i.iules,  imrth  e.dl,  trom  c.ipc  iLn  l\ii/ii,ii  U)l'iilit 
either  rel.itin;;  to  the  I  row  II,  Ol  between  pri-  oi-  //7«,/,;A  •,  and  lioin  f.'.c'/  /'.;./»  to  the 
vatc  jierlbiis.  lape   /'.(///.rt.i,  to  ihe  iioi  ihwcll. 

r'roin  the  l.itiiudeot  c.ipe  Hrancu  to  cape 
lie  ccinj'c  of  tiaviy/Uioii  fut  tlffiiil'.'t')!  /tills     l\i!m.n,  we  had  the  divdlionol   catchini^ 
o/duiNtA.  Iharks,   doi.idoes,    iie'.',to''s  or   kiim-fiflies  j 

l'"  comint",  from  Europe,  wc  are  bound  lonnitoes,  tunny  lilli,  Ilyiii[;  lilli,  carangues, 
ilireCtly  lor  the  (Jol.l  Cull,  huLi,  i\rw  lemor.is  or  liiikiiin  iilli  m.ithorans,  ami 
or  O,'./  C.il.ibii'-,  bein^;  arriv'd  in  the  la-  many  other  loi!s,  wi.i.  Ii.iit  both  plcal'antand 
titude  ol  cape  Jhamu,  we  lleer    roiith  i   li>     kivueablt  to  tr.ivi  Ik  ri. 

that  wc  pat's  twelve  or  liltirn  le.igues  well  Tweiiiy  or  twin' y  live  K  .igucs  well  ot'fr,,.^ 
ui' Cal'u  I'erdf,  aiul  beiiif,  in  its  l.ititude  at  C.iho  lii.iiuu,  w  ■  olteii  Ice  ihe  ocean  almotl<'"/'« 
that  dillance,  wc  carefully  avoid  m.ikint;  up 
too  near  to  tlw  land,  by  nafon  the  tide 
thereabouts  divide  as  it  were  in  twobiaiiclus, 
but  morecfpeei.dly  about  liw  Cifii>:i!,-  ;  the 
moft  confiderabli  running  Iroin  call  to  wert, 
along  the  equinodial  line,  towanl.  the  con- 
tinent of  Aiiifiicu :  the  oilier,  whirliiifi;  a- 

boutthe  coall  betwixt  :apc  K-rJf  and  tape    ihey  are  alio  lien  thus  tloatingon  its  lurf.icc 

Monte,  afterwards  runs  call  on  the  coalts  of    lixty  leagues  to  the  wellward  ot  the  toaft 

guinea  in  tuch  a  manner,  that  in  the  betjin-     of  Ajrua^  tor  the  fpace  of  torty  or  fifty 

Vol.  V.  fa  X  leagues  i 


I 


y. 
blini; 


over  cove  \t  with  a  ( ert.iin  weed  ot  .-i 
How  preer  (olour,  call'd  .brfrg/j/Zo,  rcfem- 
th.it  whi  II  grows  in  our  wells,  or 
fainiihire,  be.uing  .i  fort  ot  I'eed  at  the  ex- 
tremuies,  wliiili  havi  n- iihcr  lubllance  nor 
favour.  No  ni.in  can  till  where  ihct'e  weeds 
take  root,    llie   on, in  being  there  lb  deep  : 


::■ 


!^:>f 


Hi 


r  til '' 


Ii' 


St^liihlt'i^i 


l-ir, 


i^.      t 


^f|| 


mf':i 


iJi 


81... 


lib  'i;'''  ■  ■, 


\:\.  ••'.'  '•   I  ■ 


i'-m 


m->'}j: 


.V'i  • 


«8 


A  Description  of 


lUir 


I'OJIliilH. 


Santiago. 


Barbot  !MgU«  i  inA  fo  clofe  and  chick  together  in 

^y*U  fome  places,  that  a  Ihip  requires  a  verv  freftj 

gal«ofivind  to  make  her  way  through  :  and 

chereforcwearc  very  caurious  to  avoid  them 

in  our  courfe. 

tht  ijlandi  a/CaboVerdi, 

AR  E  the  Corgades,  or  Hefperides,  or  wel- 
tern  iflands  of  the  ancients.  Some  au- 
thors mention  twenty  of  them,  but  we  com- 
monly reckon  but  ten  of  any  note,  the  reft 
being  very  fmall  and  inconfiderable.  They 
are,  beginning  to  the  northward,  St.  Antony, 
St.  Vincent,  St.  Lucia,  Si.  Nicholas,  Sal,  or 
the  Salt  ifland,  B:'.%i'ijla,  Mayo,  Saii'ir.g-^. 
B'.iva,  and  Fuego  ;  tiiis  latt  fo  cill'd  from 
a  burning  mountain  in  it,  which  fomctimes 
carts  out  fire. 

Their  fituation  is  weft  of  Ni^rifia,  betwixt 
three  .Hundred  fifcy-four  and  three  luindred 
fifty-eight  lifgrct's  of  longitude  ;  and  fioin 
fourteen  to  eightcc;i  degrees  thirty  minutes 
of  north  latitude. 

The  ifland  Santiago,  or  Si.  J.imis,  is  the 
largeft  of  them,  about  forty-five  leagues  in 
length,  ten  in  tliegreateft  breadth,  and  ninety- 
five  in  compafs. 

Si.  Nicholas  and  St.  Lucia,  are  twcnty-fi"c 
or  twenty-fix  leagues  long,  fevcn  or  eight 
broad,  and  fixty  about.  The  former  lies 
from  north-weft  to  fouth-eaft,  and  the  latter 
from  north-eaft  to  fouth-weft. 

St.  Vincent  and  5/.  Jnlony  are  not  above 
half  as  big  as  thofe  above,  and  the  five  o- 
thcrs  ftill  fmaller  ;  the  biggeft  of  them  not 
ten  leagues  in  length,  and  near  twenty  about. 

The  air  of  thcfe  ifiands  is  generally  hot 
and  unwholefome  1  the  !bil  in  fome  of  them 
rocky,  as  tiie  Srt//  if  and,  5^3  i';/?^  and  Mayo; 
the  firft  having  nothing  in  it  of  v.due, 
but  Ibme  wild  horfes  and  mules,  and  very 
^,„-,^tf,j_tall  large  red  affcs,  v.'Iiich  the  Dutch  .ind 
French  often  tranlport  to  their  pl.mtations, 
at  Surhiam  and  Cayenne  in  America  ;  and 
when  I  w.isat  Cayenne,  a  Dutch  fhip  carry'd 
over  thither  fixteen  of  thofe  afTes  for  fale. 
The  latter  h.is  alio  a  great  number  of  thofe 
hearts,  and  more  goats  ■,  the  fkins  whereof 
and  the  fait  it  ailbrds  mxke.  it  reforted  to. 
The  other  iflands  are  much  more  fertile, 
producing  rice,  Indian  wheat,  ignames,  ba- 
nanas, lemons,  citrons,  oranges,  pome- 
granates, cocoa-nuts,  figs,  melons,  fugar- 
canes,  cotton,  and  wine;  of  feveral  of  which 
forts  of  fruit,  they  have  two  crops  a  year. 
Brava  and  Fuego  aftbrd  the  bcft  wine.  The 
ifland  Ma\o  has  fait  enough  to  load  a  thou- 
fand  fliiix  every  year,  it  is  made  in  Ja- 
nuary, February  and  March,  of  the  fea- 
water  let  into  trenches  or  ponds,  made  for 
that  purpofc.  It  kern'  only  in  the  dry  lea- 
fon,  and  they  who  go  thither  for  it,  take  it 
up  as  it  kerns,  and  lay  it  in  heaps  on  the 
dry  land  before  the  water  breaks  in  .again. 


FrsJii-l. 


It  cofts  nothing  but  the  mens  labour  to  take  ^.i.. 
it  out  of  the  pits,  befides  the  carriage,  which 
is  v.-ry  cheap,  the  inhabitants  having  affes 
for  that  purpofe,  and  being  glad  to  get  a 
fmall  matter  by  it.  The  pits  are  not  above 
half  a  mile  from  the  landing-place.  The 
£«^///?i  drive  a  great  trade  of  tiilt  tl  ^re,  and 
have  fometimes  a  man  of  war  for  a  ^uard- 
fhip,  moftofitbeing  for  Newfoundland. 

There  is  great  plenty  of  fi(h  in  the  bay  ofG«./ 
Mayo,  which  is  a  great  help  to  failors,  who-''^''''''i- 
fometimes    have  taken  fix  dozen  of  large 
fifties,  moft  of  them  mullets,  from  eighteen 
to  twenty-four  inches  long,  atone  draught. 

There  is  alfo  good  (lure  of  cattle,  poultrv, ''"'■'>' 
and  ail  forts  of  wild  fowl:  but  above  all,  a 
vaft  number  of  goats,  which  they  fait,  and 
export  in  c;in<s  to  the  neighbouring  ports, 
or  111!  to  fliips  that  touch  there  -,  and  they 
drefs  the  goat',  fkins  very  finely,  in  tiie  na- 
ture of  'Tivr.tv  leather. 

About  thefe  ifiands,  the  fea  in  fome  places 
is  fubjeft  to  be  cover'd  with  weeds  like  the 
Sarg.jjfo  above  fpoken  of,  which  failors  care- 
fully avoid. 

The  iflands  were  all  defert,  when  firft  dif- 
cover'd  by  a  Gcnoefe,  and  not  inhabited  in 
lliirty  years  after  ;  when  in  1440,  the  Por- 
tiiguefc  began  to  fettle  on  them,  and  keep 
the  dominion  thereof  to  this  day,  under  the 
dircftion  of  a  governour-gencral  of  their  na- 
tion, refiding  in  the  town  ofSt.Jago,  in  the 
ifland  of  that  name,  that  place  being  the 
capit.d  not  only  of  thefe  iflands,  but  alfbof 
all  the  places  the  crown  of  Portugal  pofielTes 
on  the  coafts  of  North  or  Ilii^b  Guinea,  whole 
governors  depend  on  this  jurifdiftion :  it  is 
alfo  an  epifcopal  fee,  fuftr.ig.m  to  Lijhon. 
The  French  took  and  plundcr'd  it  in  the 
year  171  2. 

The  bay  call'd  Prr.yu,  lies  taft  of  St. 
Jago,  large  enough  to  contain  an  hundred 
fliips  fafe  at  anchor,  on  fourteen  fathom 
water,  beiiind  a  fmall  ifland. 

The  iflc  St.  M.iry  has  a  good  haven  on 
the  north- fide ;  but  that  of  St.  Thomas  is  very 
dangerous. 

Ribi'ra  Grande  has  five  hundred  houfts, 
and  the  beft  of  horfes,  but  the  air  is  un- 
wholefome, and  the  foil  very  barren.  St.  Lu 
cia  has  the  moft  people  next  to  St.  J  ago. 

There  is  fuch  plenty'  of  tortoifes  in  thefe  rfrfji,, 
iflands,  that  at  a  certain  time  of  the  year  fe- 
veral foreign  fhips  refort  to  it,  to  catch  and 
fait  them  by  whole  cargoes,  for  the  Euro- 
pean colonies  in  America.  In  the  wet  fea- 
fon,  an  infinite  number  of  thcfe  creatures 
make  (or  land,  to  lay  their  eggs  in  the  fand, 
and  bury  them,  and  then  return  to  their  ele- 
ment again,  letting  the  eggs  be  hatch'd  by 
the  violent  heat  of  the  fun. 

The  inhabitants  go  out  in  the  night,  and 
turn  the  tortoifes  on  their  backs  with  poles  ; 
for  they  arc  fo  large,  that  there  is  no  doing 

of 


the  Iflands  of  Cape  Verde. 


s:3P 


of  it  with  their  hands.  The  flefh  of  them 
well  cured  is  as  great  a  fupply  to  the  Ameri- 
can pi  intations,  as  cod-fifli  is  to  Europe. 

rlimingos     They  have  a  fort  of  fine  tall  birds  in  thefe 

Ml.  iflands,  which  they  call  Flamingof,  or  Flem- 
miiigs,  not  unlike  geefe  i  the  feathers  on 
their  bodies  white,  and  thofe  of  their 
wings  red,  much  admir'd  in  France,  whi- 
ther Ibme  of  them  arc  now  and  then  lent 
from  Caycnne^^-x  colony  of  theirs  in  /1m,ri:n. 
There  are  alfo  Guincii  hens,  and  very  large 
curlieus. 

To  thele  iflands  the  French  acents  at  S:- 
nega  and  Goeree  fend  for  provilions,  when 
there  is  any  fcarciiy  in  thofe  parts  of  Ni- 
gritia,  and  have  them  in  exchange  for  feme 
few  flavc<,  and  all  lorts  of  linneii  and  wear- 
ing apparel  for  men  and  women.  In  the 
year  1681,  when  1  arriv'd  at  Go:i-e.\  there 
being  a  great  dearth  in  that  country,  one  of 
the  company's  (liips  was  gone  to  the  iflands 
for  provifions. 

^lifsg.  I  have  oblerv'd,  that  in  our  courf',  be- 
twixt the  continent  oi  Jfrica  and  tiiefe  iflands 
of  Cabo  Vcrdc,  we  had  Ibmetimes  a  th-  ic 
fog  of  a  rcddifli  colour,  whicli  look'd  to  us 
like  a  red  land,  and  gave  our  men  violent 
head-aches,  fevers,  ami  tlie  bloody  flux. 

Another  time,  parting  by  the  coaft  of 
Zanhaga,  we  faw  tlie  ocean  overfpreaii  in 
feveral  places,  with  an  infinite  mukituticof 
very  ugly  red  and  wing'd  graflioppers,  or 

umjli.  locufts,  as  big  as  a  man's  little  finger,  and 
a  long  body,  lying  on  the  furface  of  the  lea, 
abundance  of  them  yet  alive  ;  which  it  is 
likely  were  driven  out  to  lea  from  that  part 
of  the  continent  of  Africa,  by  tlie  llrong 
north-eail  gales:  that  country,  as  has  be.n 
faid  before,  being  often  infefted  with  whole 
clouds  of  thofe  niilihicvous  infects,  flying 
acrofs  the  defarts  of  .Ifri.a,  fiom  Arabi.i, 
Eg)pt,  Nitmiiiiit,  Cifc.  and  covering  tiic  land 
for  feveral  leagues,  according  as  the  winds 
fet  to  drive  tiiem. 

In  tile  year  1672,  a  plague  of  thefe  locufts 
came  into  the  province  of  Auliiix,  in  France, 
where  they  devour'd  all  that  was  green  to 
the  very  root;  and  being  carry'ti  by  the  wind 
to  fea  from  Rochet  towariis  tiie  ifle  ot  Rbee, 
I  faw  a  ridge  of  them  dead,  above  a  foot 
deep,  on  the  beach,  for  feveral  leagues  in 
length,  as  they  had  been  thrown  up  by  the 
waves,  and  left  there  at  low  water  i  wiiicli, 
with  the  heat  of  the  fun,  it  being  then  fum- 
mer,  caus'd  a  very  olTenfive  ftench.  And  I 
rcmember.tliat  beforethey  were  thusdrown'd, 
there  was  not  a  houfe  in  the  province,  but 
what  was  pefter'd  with  them  }  and  I  heard 
abundance  of  the  p>;ople  fay,  that  tor  lome 
days  they  could  fcarce  drefs  any  meat,  tliofe 
infeds  falling  fo  thick  down  the  chimneys 
into  the  fire.  It  was  a  difmal  fight  to  behold 
the  country,  without  any  the  leaft  green  left 
in  it,  as  if  all  had  been  burnt  up  j  svhence 


we  may  eafily  judge  how  much  Africa  M-  Barbqt. 
fers,which  is  fo  frequently  infefted  with  them.  ^'^V^' 

Tliere  is  anotlier  fort  of  graihoppers,  ^^'^'^^ 
which  are  not  wing'd,  and  confequently  rc-w/ii,. 
main  longer  in  a  place,  and  deftroy  all  the 
plants.   Befidcs  which,  they  arc  often  phgu'd 
with  flies,  no  lefs  hurtful  than  the  others. 

Monfieur  Beauplan,  in  his  defcription  of 
the  Ukrain,  gives  a  very  notable  account  of 
the  flies,  the  gnats,  and  efpccially  the  lo- 
cufts, and  the  infinite  damage  they  do  in 
that  country  •,  he  fays,  they  are  commonly 
brought  out  of  '■Tartary  by  the  eafterly 
winds  into  the  country  about  Novo^rod,  be- 
ing as  thick  as  a  man's  finger,  and  three  or 
four  inches  long.  In  Oi-fober,  they  make  a 
hole  with  their  tails  in  the  earth,  in  which 
every  one  lays  tiiree  hundred  eggs,  which 
they  cover  with  their  feet,  and  then  die;  nqpe 
ot  them  living  above  fix  months,  or  little 
more.  The  rain,  fnow,  and  froft,  do  not 
hurt  the  eggs,  which  lie  there  till  Aprity 
when  the  warm  weatlier  hatches  them,  and 
the  inlcfts  coming  out,  are  fix  weeks  before 
they  can  fly.  If  the  rains  fall  when  they 
begin  to  hatch,  and  continue  eight  or  ten 
days,  they  are  all  dellroy'd ;  and  the  like 
rain  in  fummer  kills  the  locufts  upon  tin; 
ground,  becaufe  they  cannot  fly  away : 
but  if  the  fummer  proves  dry,  as  is  mott 
ufual,  the  country  is  infefted  with  them  till 
OJober.  The  faid  Monfieur  B,:aup!an,  who 
liv'd  in  the  Ukrain  fcventcen  years,  adds, 
that  the  air  is  fo  full  of  locufts  there  in  the 
tiimmer,  that  the  houles  fwarm  with  them  i 
and  to  avoid  them,  lie  was  forc'd  to  eat  in 
a  dark  room  by  candle-light,  and  yet  many 
times  did  cut  the  locufts  with  his  meat;  and 
a  man  could  fcarce  open  his-  mouth,  but 
fome  of  them  would  get  in  :  befides  that, 
there  were  clouds  of  them  to  be  feen  flying 
abroad  five  or  fix  leagues  in  length,  and  two 
or  three  in  breadth;  infomuch,  that  the  wifeft 
inen  were  confounded  at  the  fight  of  luch  in- 
numerable multitudes  as  could  not  be  cx- 
prefs'd  or  even  conceived,  but  by  fuch  as 
had  feen  them.  He  concludes,  faying,  he 
was  told  there  by  [^erlbns  knowing  in  lan- 
guages, that  on  their  wings  were  to  be  feen 
in  Chaldaick  letters,  thtlc  words,  Boze  In- 
ion,  fignifying  in  En^!:Jf.',  /court f  ef  God  1 
for  the  truth  whereof,  lie  rely'd  on  thofe 
who  told  it  him,  and  unJerftood  the  Un- 
guage. 

Whilft  I  was  writing  this,  I  receiv'd  a 
letter  from  LiJ!'on,  dated  July  twenty-fourth 
N.  S.  1710.  giving  an  account,  that  the 
crop  in  Portugal  would  have  been  gene- 
rally good ;  but  that  in  the  province  of  AUn- 
lejo,  the  beft  of  that  kingdom,  the  locufts 
had  deftroy'd  moft  of  the  wheat,  which  had 
rais'd  the  price  of  foreign  corn. 

To  return  to  the  graflioppers  or  locuftj, 
with  which  we  found  the  ocean  cover'd  on 

the 


.m- 


■nil'    ;'ii^  .^"f^'l-f 


't- 


1='  :ii 


■it.:r:  H"i 


:  mWM 


?40 


Courfes  from  Guinea 


h 


ffi 


'T 


Barbot.  the  coaft  of  Z^iijrj  ;  I  caufed  fome  of  them 
w^V'v^  to  be  taken  up  out  of  the  fea  in  a  bucket,  and 
kept  one  alive  above  three  months,  in  a 
coriiet  of  paper,  clofe  in  a  trunk,  fo  that 
it  never  breathed  the  lealt  air  all  that 
while,  and  fed  on  the  very  paper  it  was  con- 
fined in.  When  dead,  I  obferv'd  the  bottom 
of  the  paper  full  of  the  ordure  of  the  infed. 

I  fhall  fubjoin  to  the  courfe  to  fteer  for 
the  Gold-Coajt  of  Guinea,  the  following  ob- 
fervations,  as  deliver'd  by  the  late  Mr.  Henry 
Greenhi/l,  whom  I  have  mention'd  heretofore 
as  my  particular  acquaintance,  when  he  was 
agent  at  cape  Co>-yo  caille,  and  ever  fince  in 
England ;  being  a  very  intelligent  and  ex- 
perienc'd  gentleman,  commilfioncr  of  the 
navy  at  Plymnutb  and  Portfvioutb,  and  pro- 
jeftor  and  builder  of  liie  royal  dock  at  Ha- 
inozes. 

I!''inih  on  the  coajf. 
'T*  H  E  coad  of  ^.'/'/ica  from  c.ip.'  P  ilnun 
■*■  to  cape  Ferino  o,  lies  cart  and  calt  by 
north  -,  and  near  thofe  points  the  land-breezes 
blow  on  that  coaft,  which  commonly  begin 
about  feven  in  the  evening,  and  continue 
all  night,  till  near  the  fame  time  the  next 
morning:  during  which  interval,  we  are 
troubled  with  ftinking  fogs  and  milts  from 
fhore,  which  by  return  of  the  fca-breezcs 
upon  the  oppofite  points,  are  all  driven 
away  -,  and  we  have  the  benefit  of  them  in 
.\  curious  frefli  gale,  till  about  five  in  the 
afternoon. 

And  here  let  me  note  it  for  a  general  ob- 
fervation,  that  in  thefe,  and  all  other  places 
within  the  tropicks,  as  tar  as  ever  I  took 
notice,  the  wind  is  drawn  by  the  land. 
For  if  an  ifland  or  head-land  were  inclining 
to  a  circular  form,  thefeaand  land-breezes 
fall  in  diametrically  oppofite  to  that  part 
where  you  are  ;  lb  that  if  you  are  on  the 
fonthfide,  the  fea-breeze  fhall  be  at  Ibuth, 
and  the  land-breeze,  when  it  come;,  in  its 
I'ealbn,  at  north. 

In  getting  on  the  coaft,  we  endeavour 
to  fdlin  with  cape  Monte  or  cape  Akfiirado, 
which  is  about  eighteen  leagues  to  the  eaft 
fouth-eaft  thereof  i  and  after  that, we  double 
cape  Palmat,  whence,  as  afore  faid,  the  land 
tends  away  eaft  by  north,  the  current  near 
the  fliore  fets  upon  that  point  down  into 
the  Bight.  The  land-breezes  between  cape 
St.  Anne  and  cape  Palmas  are  at  eaft,  blow- 
ing brifl<  four  leagues  ofi^  the  ftiore.  The 
fea- winds  there,  are  at  fouthweft. 

The  7'ornados,  fays  he,  ufually  come  in 
the  beginning  of  /Jpnl,  and  feldom  leave 
the  Coid  Coii/I  till  J'""  commences,  and  with 
frequent  vifi's  make  us  fcnfiblr  of  their  quali- 
ties. AVc  have  fometimcs  three  or  four  in 
a  dav,  but  ilien  th.ir  continuance  is  but 
fhori,   perhaps  not  above  two  hours,  and 


the  ftrength  or  fury  not  above  a  quarter  of 
an  hour  j  but  accompanied  with  prodigious 
thunder,  lightning  and  rain,  and  the  violence 
of  the  wind  fb  extraordinary,  that  it  has  fome- 
times  rolled  up  the  lead  the  houfes  are  cover'd 
with,  as  clofe  and  compaftly  as  poflible  it 
could  be  done  by  the  art  of  man.  The  name 
implies  a  variety  of  winds,  but  the  ftrength 
of  them  is  generally  at  fouth-eaft  ;  and  by 
(hips  that  are  bound  for  the  coaft,  they  arc 
made  ufe  of  to  get  to  windward. 

Of  the  pijfiige  from  the  Gold  Coast  to 

EuROi'E,  or  to  America. 
CUppofing   we  part  from  Cormentyn, 


<^       f*..^n^ 


or 

from  Jcra,    for  Euroje,  it   we  have  all 

neceflfary  provifions  for  fuch  a  voyage,  and 
have  no  occafion  to  call  at  any  places  or 
iflands  of  the  Bivjjl  of  Guinea,  or  at  cape 
Lope,  we  keep  as  clofe  as  pofTible  to  the 
wind,  to  pals  at  windward  of  St.  Tome  ; 
which,  however,  is  fildom  feafible,  but  in 
the  feafon  of  '-Ih-nados  coming  from  the 
north-eaft  :  for  without  fuch  powerful  alTi- 
ftance,  it  is  very  rare  we  can  well  weather 
that  iftand,  the  current  almoft  continually 
letting  eaft  by  north. 

Thence  we  run  to  the  fouthward  of  the 
line  three  and  a  half  or  four  degrees,  keep- 
ing ftill  the  luflf  ;  and  the  farther  fouthward 
we  go,  the  ftrongerwe  find  the  gales,  and 
more  beneficial  for  getting  ofl^  the  Jfncan 
coaft.  In  that  elevation  of  three  and  a  half 
or  four  degrees  fouth,  we  commonly  meet 
with  the  eaft  fouth-eaft,  or  trade-wind, 
which  carries  us  to  the  northward  of  the 
equator  pretty  faft. 

If  we  get  fb  far  to  fouthward,  we  have 
commonly  fight  of  Annahcm  ifland.  How- 
ever, it  muft  be  obferv'd,  not  to  keep  to 
the  northward  of  it,  till  we  come  between 
twenty  five  to  thirty  degrees  to  the  weftward 
of  cape  Lojc  Gonfilez,  or  at  the  longitude 
of  C,il'9  l^erdo  ;  and  thence  advancing  gra- 
dually northward,  we  come  infenfibly  to 
get  the  north-eaft  winds,  which  carry  us  to 
the  latitude  of  tiie  FUmiflj  or  Afores  iflands, 
if  defigning  for  the  bay  of  Btjcay,  or  the 
fin/»y/' channel. 

It  muft  be  obferv'd  in  this  pafl!!ige,  that 
when  once  we  are  to  the  weftward  of  the 
faid  cape  Lope,  and  in  fouth  latitude,  the 
current  fets  northerly,  and  the  wind,  to 
twenty  degrees  of  latitude,  is  generally  at 
eaft  Ibuth-eaft  ;  as  to  the  like  number  of 
degrees,  on  the  oppofite  fide  of  the  line, 
it  blows  .It  eaft  north-eaft.  Nor  is  there 
any  change  of  the  current  obferv'd,  unlefs 
in  the  Tornado  feafon,  when,  during  their 
blowing,  they  fet  to  windward  ;  tho'  per- 
haps the  moon,  upon  full  and  change,  may 
have  the  like  influence  there,  as  in  other 
places. 

Another 


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Another  obfcrvation  in  this  paflage  is, 
that  in  the  months  of  May.  'ju>i^,  July 
and  Aiigufl,  we  carefully  keep  to  the  fouth 
of  the  line  fom^  degrees,  till  we  crol's  it, 
in  the  aliovef.iid  longitude  of  cape  Verde  ; 
to  avoid  tise  cai  i,;,  very  frequent  nt  that 
I'eafon  on  the  north  of  the  line,  which  keeps 
us  much  longer  in  our  paffige.  But  in  the 
month  of  S--jtci;:hfrv/t:  may  fail  continually 
along  the  line,  without  inclining  one  de- 
gree either  to  north  or  fouth.  At  that 
time  it  proves  fo  cold  there,  at  fo  finall  a 
diftance  from  the  line,  that  the  failors,  who 
are  commonly  more  hardy  thm  other 
people,  clothe  themfelves  warm  1  the  thick 
weather  and  frefh  gales,  wholly  obltruding 
the  heat  of  the  fun,  tho'  it  be  then  palTing 
the  line,  ami  dircdtly  over  our  heads. 

The  interlopers,  and  other  Europeans, 
who  ufe  a  coafting  trade  in  Guiiua,  when 
they  have  run  along  it  from  one  end  to  the 
other,  return  to  it  again,  fome  of  the  ways 
that  have  been  above  mention'd,  according 
to  the  feafon  of  the  year  ;  till  tliey  crols 
the  line  again  to  the  northward,  about  the 
longitude  of  cape  Palmes,  and  thence  order 
their  courfc  back  to  the  f^faqua  coaft,  to 
begin  to  trade  along  it,  and  the  GoldConfl. 

The  liillory  of  navigation  informs  us, 
that  in  the  year  1500,  I'mccnt  lancz  Pin- 
■z.m  w.is  the  firft  Spaniard  that  cut  the  line, 
and  difcovcr'd  cape  St.  Jiigiijlin  in  Brazil. 
The  cuftom  of  ducking,  before  mention'd 
in  fpeaking  of  the  nropicks,  is  obfe'rved  by 
all  nations  in  pafTing  the  line :  the  French 
life  mucli  pumping  of  them  in  a  tub  with 
fa!t-water  inftead  of  ducking.  There  are 
many  other  fprts  ufed  by  (iiilors,  which 
artbrd  pafTcngers  good  diverfion.  The  duck- 
ing is  by  the  frenJj  cali'd  the  lea-baptifm. 

Expjrionce  hus  made  ir  iipiiear,  that 
keeping  too  near  the  equinoftial,  and  often 
crofling  it  between  the  ibuth-eail:  and  the 
north-weft,  has  occafion'd  a  paiHge  to  Kilt 
five  months  ■,  when  others,  who  have  kept 
more  to  t'le  fouthward,  made  their  pafTige 
in  lei's  than  ten  weeks.  It  is  true,  thire  are 
fome  inftances  ot  fhips  that  have  run  it  in 
feventy  days  to  the  Brilijh  channel,  often 
travirfing  the  line  ;  but  it  is  lb  rare,  that 
it  muft  certainly  be  allow'd  much  better 
to  follow  the  mod  general  pradice  of  all 
European  nations,  which  is  to  keep  to  the 
fouthward  to  the  longitude  of  Cabo  Vet-e, 
as  has  been  li'id  before;  for  a  good  failer 
will,  after  that  mann^T,  run  fixty  or  feventy 
leagues  in  twenty  four  hours,  the  fea  being 
commonly   (inooth  and  the  wind  frefli. 

If  it  he  defign'd,  at  parting  from  /•),•/(), 
or  IVhidab,  or  trom  Offra  tor  Cayenne,  or 
the  Leeward  idands,  to  put  in  at  Prince's 
ifland  in  the  Bight,  that  will  prove  a  very 
difficult  matter  from  the  windward,  unlefs 
a  (hip  will  lie  very  clofe  upon  a  wind,  which 
Vol.  V. 


conftantly  blows  very  frefh  from  the  fouth  Barhot. 
and  fouth  Ibuth-wefl-,    and  the  current  fet-  ^y^^Si 
ting  very  fwiftly  eaft  north-eafl  and  north- 
eaft  by  eaft,  according  to  the  feafon  of  the 
year  and  ftations,  which  carry  fliips  violent- 
ly on  that  point :  we  are  therefore  oblig'd 
to  work    it  along    the    coall  of    Biafara, 
which  is  the  bottom  of  th(;  Pixht,  to  make 
rhis  Priiic^'s-\([.\nd,  wliicli  tometimes  proves 
a  work  of  twenty,  and  even  of  thirty  days  ; 
being  forc'd  to  anchor  niolV    part  of  the 
day,  and  to  fail  in  th«  nighr,  by  the  favour 
of  the  land-wind.     It  is  true,    I  was  once 
fifty  leagues  weft  of  Pn/Ki^'s-illand,  in  the 
lame  latitude,  coming  from  the  road  of  f '/(/j 
in   a  floop,  in  the  month  of   Jpril ;    but 
the  velTel  was  an   excellent  l^iiler    upon  a 
wind,  and  1  had  every  day  the  afTiftance  of 
tornados  from  the  north-eaft.     Neverthelcfs, 
tho'  I  got  fo  far  weft  of  that  illand,  it  was 
with  no  fmall  trouble  I  reached  the  port  of 
,S'.'.  Anioni  i  for  when  I  came  in  fight  of  the 
illand,    tho'  its  ibuthcrly   point  bore  eaft 
fouth-eaft,  and  it  wis  then  very  calm,    the 
current  drove  us  under  the  north  point  of 
it,  and  we  had  certainly  milTed  it,  and  fallen 
into  the  Bight,  had  we  not  fealbnably  made 
ufe  of  fix  long  oars  we  had  aboard,  and 
hands  enough  to  hold  it  out  rowing  from 
morning  till  funfet,    notwitlillanding  the 
torching  vehement  heat  of  the  fun,  and  no 
air  at  all ;  and  by  that  means  coafting  the 
weft  fide  of  the  ifland,  gain'd   thedivifion 
of  the   current,    one  branch  of    it  fetting 
north-eaft  as  cultomary,  and  the  other  Ibuth 
louth-ealt  round  the  land :  fo  I  made  this 
pafTage  in  ten  days  from  [■Vhidah  road  hi- 
ther, which  is  extraord'"- irv. 

This  Bight  or  gulf  01  Guinea  fo  often 
mention'd,  is  a  bending  of  the  land,  a  little 
to  the  north  of  the  line,  and  from  thence, 
the  land  ti  retches  welt,  parallel  with  the  line. 
It  is  much  more  difficult  to  get  to  St.  Tome 
upon  a  tack,  at  parting  from  H^hidah,  if 
not  altogether  im])ofiible,  without  falling 
into  the  Bt^ht  ;  which  however,  as  unavoid- 
able as  it  is,  proves  of  dangerous  confe- 
quence  to  fuch  fhips  as  have  their  compli- 
ment ot  flaves  aljoard.  And  therefore  I  ad- 
vile  thote,  to  ule  all  poffible  means  to  get 
their  necefTary  llore  of  [irovifions  at  Fida^ 
where  they  are  fo  pK'nty,  in  order  to  fail 
along  the  Biapva  coaft  in  the  Bight,  to  cape 
L'jpe  diredtly,  without  being  necefTitated 
to  call  at  St.  'fome  for  provifions  ;  and  only 
take  their  Itorc  of  water  and  wood  at  the 
laid  cape  ;  and  if  provifions  grow  fcanty, 
then  to  make  lor  Anitobon  ifland,  to  get 
that  there. 

At  parting  from  New  CiLibar  river,  if 
the  wind  be  weft  fouth-weft,  we  lay  the 
head  fouth  by  eaft,  an  t  with  the  fouthweft 
wind,  to  fouth  fouth-eaft  1  keeping  as  near 
the  wind   as  is  realbnable   to  weather  the 


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BAKBoridand  of  Ferdinand  Po,  dilhnt  thirty  fix 
VXV*W  leagues  from  Bandy  point  north-eaft  by  taft . 
and  having  pall  to  the  windward  of  it,  fet 
the  courfe  for  cajw  St.  John  ;  and  thence  or- 
dering the  navigation,  according  to  occur- 
rences, as  above  related,  if  we  defign  for 
St.  Tome.,  to  wood  and  water,  and  tor  pro- 
vifions,  we  may  very  well,  in  the  month  of 
September,  get  our  paflage  from  Randy 
point  to  St.  -Tome's,  road  in  fifteen  or  fixteen 
day-,.  Ac  tliac  time  of  the  year  wc  find 
tiie  we.itlur  commonly  fo  cold,  as  we  ap- 
proach this  illand,  tho' lb  near  the  line,  ami 
at  the  lime  of  the  equinox,  that  it  may  well 
bo  laid  to  be  as  raw  and  pinching,  as  on 
the  coait  of  liritany  \  ef^-ecially  in  the  night, 
every  man  aboard,  tiio*  never  fo  hardy,  is 
glad  to  put  on  more  clothes. 

It  will  not  be  amifs,  before  we  leave  the 
equinoctial  line,  to  give  warning,  tliat  in 
this  run  it  is  rcquifite  often  to  cnrrcdr  the 
courfe  of  Ihips  "ailing  in  longitude  from  cart 
to  wtil,  which  thofe  acquainted  wirh  the 
azimuth-compafs  will  eafily  do  ;  for  if  the 
variation  of  the  compafs  be  not  allow'd, 
all  reckonings  muft  prove  erroneous :  and 
in  continued  cloudy  weather,  or  where  the 
mariner  is  not  provided  toobferve  the-  vari- 
ation duly,  Mr.  Edmund  //alley's  chart  will 
readily  (how  him  what  allowance  he  mult 
make  for  this  default  of  his  compafs,  and 
thereby  redify   his  journal. 

Tills  corredion  of  the  courfe,  fays  Mr. 
l/nlle\;  is  in  no  cafe  fo  neceffary,  as  in  run- 
ning down  a  parallel  eaft  or  weft  to  hit  a 
port  i  for  if  being  in  your  latitude  at  the 
diftance  of  fcventy  or  eighty  leagues,  you 
allow  not  the  variation,  but  fteer  eafl:  or 
weft  by  compafs,  you  ftiall  fall  to  the  north- 
wards or  Ibuthwanls  of  your  port,  on  each 
nineteen  leagues  of  diftance,  one  mile  for 
each  degree  of  variation,  which  may  pro- 
duce very  dangerous  errors,  where  the  va- 
ri  ition  is  confiderablc.  F"or  inftance,  fays  he, 
hiving  a  good  obfervation  in  latitude  forty- 
nine  degrees  forty  minutes,  about  eighty 
lagues  without  Scdlu  and  not  confulering 
that  there  is  eight  degrees  weft  variation, 
I  lleer  away  eaft  by  compafs  for  the  chan- 
nel', but  by  making  my  way  truly  eaft  eight 
degrees  north,  when  I  come  up  with 
Sell}',  inftead  of  being  three  leagues  to  the 
foucli  thereof,  I  ftiall  find  myfelf  as  much 
to  the  northward:  and  this  evil  will  be  more 
or  kfs  according  to  the  dift.ance  you  fhall 
fail  in  the  parallel.  The  rule  to  apply  it  is, 
that  to  keep  your  parallel  truly,  you  go 
fo  many  degrees  to  the  fouthward  of  the 
eaft,  and  northward  of  the  weft,  as  in  the 
weft  variation  :  but  contrary  wife,  fo  many 
degrees  to  the  northwards  of  the  eaft,  and 
fouthwards  ol  the  weft,  as  there  is  eaft 
variation.  To  proceed  on  our  prefent  fubjeft. 


As  to  the  reft  of  the  pafl'age,  when  bound 
to  the  ifl.ind  Cayenne,  a  French  colony  on 
the  main  land  of  Americi,  in  the  province 
of  Guiana,  being  got  three  degrees  and  a 
half  or  four  degrees  Ibuth  of  the  line,  to 
meet  the  eaft-lbuth-eaft  and  fouth-eaft 
winds,  as  has  been  obfervM  ;  wc  fet  thence 
the  courfe  weft,  till  we  reach  fo  far  that 
way  as  one  hundred  league-,  from  the  little 
iflaiids  Ponendo  de  San  raolo,  which  lie  at 
one  degree  forty  minutes  north,  and  three 
hundred  fifty  two  degrees  ot  longitude,  ac- 
cording to  the  Fieiuh  and  Dutch  maps. 

Thence  we  make  to  north-weft,  after- 
wards north-north-weft,  till  wc  come  into  * 
Jour  degrees  north  latitude,  being  that  of 
cape  C.ijf-i'oitrri,  on  the  continent  of  Ame- 
lica,  and  thus  lay  the  courfe  diredly  weft 
upon  it,  and  not  on  the  north  cape,  which  is 
but  two  degrees  more  northerly,  as  fome 
have  done  to  their  difadvantage  ;  having 
thereby  confiderably  retarded  their  paftage, 
it  being  a  coaft  where  they  were  forc'd  to 
anchor  every  night. 

We  commonly  make  a  fwift  run  along 
that  coaft  of  //merica,  by  reafon  of  the  fwift 
current,  and  the  guftiing  out  of  the  Maran- 
hon  and  Amazom  rivers;  which  fet  fo  far 
out,  that  at  a  great  diftance  from  the  land, 
frefti  water  is  'aken  up  in  the  ocean. 

We  reckon  our  felves  juft  north-north- 
eaft  of  that  famous  river  of  the  Amazons, 
when  we  have  tbrty-eight  fathom  watti, 
and  yellow  fandy  ground,  mixt  with  very 
fmall  fliells. 

CbriJIopher  d'yfcugna  a  Jefuit,  who  failed 
down  that  river  from  its  fource  near  Sluito 
in  Peru,  in  1639,  with  /V</ro  Texeira  a 
Porttigiiife  general  at  Para  in  Brazil,  who 
luid  firft  fail'd  up  it  from  Para  to  near  ^vi- 
lo,  tells  us  that. 

Twenty-fix  leagues  below  the  ifland  of 
the  Sun,  diredly  under  the  line,  this  great 
river  of  the  Amazom  is  eighty-four  leagues 
wide,  others  fay  fixty,  and  others  but  fifty, 
bounded  on  the  fouth  fide  by  cape  Zafara- 
ra,  and  on  the  other  fide  by  the  north  cape, 
and  here  at  laft  difcharges  it  felf  in  the 
ocean.  It  may  be  call'd  a  fea  of  frcfti  water, 
mixing  it  felf  with  the  fait  water-fea.  'Tis 
the  nobleft  and  laigeft  river  in  the  known 
world,  by  the  Spaniards  call'd  Orellana, 
from  its  firft  dilcoverer,  as  alfo  Maragnon, 
and  San  Juan  de  las  Amazoiias ;  it  fa  Ms  here 
into  the  fea,  after  it  has  watcr'd  a  country 
of  one  thoufand  two  hundred  feventy  fix 
leagues  in  length,  and  fnrnifti'd  a  multitude 
of  nations  with  its  fruitfulnels  and  plenty  ; 
and  in  a  word,  after  it  has  cut  America  in- 
to two  pans,  almoft  in  the  wideft  of  if, 
and  afforded  a  great  channel,  into  which 
the  beft,  the  richeft,  and  moft  pleat.mt  ri- 
vers, that  come  down  from  all  the  moun- 
tains 


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to  the  Iflands  of  America. 


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win*  .mil  coafti  of  that  new  world,   dif- 
charge  their  witrrj. 

To  relume  our  difcourfe  of  navigation  \ 
we  are  very  r.ircful  wlim  wi-  m.iki*  tin-  land, 
at  this  CO, ill  of  th«  /tm.tzoni,  to  c.\{\  the 
lead  very  often  :  t(ir  ;»  the  land  is  low,  fo  it 
th'-  fra  mallow.  VVc  cm  (c.uxv  h  ivc  fight 
of  caiK-  Ctifffonrri,  at  leven  or  ei}j;ht  Irmici 
didanre,  ami  tin  re  is  not  aliovc  eight  or 
nine  fathom  water  at  that  dillanic. 

It  is  of  abfoliite  necclHty  we  gft  fight  of 
this  cape,  to  ortler  our  courfc  acfordingly. 

Cojfej'ourri  has  no  other  oblcrv.ihle  marks 
but  only  two  low  round  hills,  a|ii)raring  on 
its  point  when  it   bears  linithwcit,  as  the 
rute  M- '^P'"''"  reprefents. 

The  water  ot  the  ocean,  tor  three  leagues 
from  Caffrpourri,  looks  white,  Ivraufe  of 
its  Ih.illownifs  •,  but  the  roall  is  very  M', 
as  is  that  o(  cajie  Ora»^f,  call'd  alfo  df 
CoHilf  An\  C.tcil  \  the  lirlt  being  the  Dutch, 
:he  lecond  the  Frewh,  and  the  i.ill  the  Eir^- 
/(//>  name,  lying  three  leagues  lower.  Tlie 
current  lets  with  great  rapidity  along  this 
fhore,  two  leagues  an  hour  well,  without 
the  help  of  fails,  by  whicli  means  wc  foon 
reach  the  little  illands,  or  rocks  lying  be- 
fore the  iflind  of  Cjycwx,',  tho*  aimoll  twen- 
ty-five leagues  dilhnt  from  the  aforefaiil 
cape. 
s»(t/  ii-  Thele  iflands,  or  rather  rocks,  lie  in  a 
/""'•"     line  before  the  coUl  of  Crfv"'/'"*.     The  firil 

o'eniic  °*  ^'^'■'"^  "'  ''^'"'^  leagues  eatt  of  the  point  of 
Armirc  in  Ca\eiini\  by  the  Indiuns  call'd 
Hocaiaty,  and  by  the  Dutch  ih  Cinjlapd ; 
which  iiuift  not  be  come  near.er  to  than  half 
a  league,  becaule  of  I'ome  fhoals  running 
out  to  fea  from  it,  which  are  ilry  at  low 
water.  Well  ot  it  are  two  very  fmall  round 
rocks.  Handing  doll:  together,  by  the  //;/;- 
ti»!  call'd  i.i"inf>c\(('mer,\  and  by  the  IVcncb 
lei  MameHes,  that  is,  the  brealt':.  The  next 
rock  dole  by  is  call'd  the  mother,  both  by 
the  Fiencb  ;ind  Dutch,  and  by  the  luiltam 
S'tna:co>}y.  The  next  to  that  again  is  named 
Epanafari  or  the  father,  and  then  the  Ion  •, 
beyond  which  lome  leagues  more  to  the 
wellward,  is  t'vcrloren  Kindt  in  Diit^h, 
i'Enfant  perdu  in  French,  both  fignifying 
the  loll  child.  The  French  give  Ibmetimes 
another  name  to  the  two  rocks  I  laid  they 
call'd  In  Mamelles  or  the  brcalls,  which  is 
tes  Ftlles  the  daughters  i  .ind  the  other  call'd 
the  fon,  fome  of  them  name  I'F.nfani  Mti- 
lingre,  the  fcabby  fon.  The  jefuits  have  a 
large  Hock  of  wild  hogs  on  the  fmall  ifl.ind 
Epinafiiri  or  the  father,  which  turn  to  a 
good  account. 

We  pafs  by  thefe  iflands  at  half  a  league 
diftance,  to  proceed  to  the  road  i.ii  Caseniie, 
under  fort  St.  Lewis,  where  the  river  Cay- 
enne fltUs  into  the  ocean,  and  there  come 
to  an  anchor  in  tour  or  five  tathorn  water, 

Puts  jj.fandy  oufy  ground.    I  here  give  the  pro- 


fpcft  of  the  ifland,    .is   [  drew   it   at  myRAunoT 
voyage  thither  from  Cuinea.  s^y^ 

We  are  commonly  forty  or  forty-five 
days  in  our  pafllige,  trom  the  light  of  cape 
[jipe  (lonfalez  in  itiiini,  to  Ciiyeune  in  Gui- 
i>n,i  in  /tmcricit  \  having  iiioft  of  the  time  a 
fivour.ilil  •  pliMl'ant  gale,  Iniootli  (a,  and 
very  feldom  or  never  ,uiy  lempelluous  wea- 
ther, letting  alidc  fbme  lornudoi,  near  cape 
f^pe  and  /Initnlmn,  and  li)me  heavy  Ihowerit 
of  rain,  .itteniled  with  hi^h  wind,  near  the 
( oall  of  (7m/<i«,i,  by  the  /»,'.,/j  call'd  Grami 
and  very  riicly  one  or  twj  w.uer  I'pouts  at  V'"''- 
a  great  ililbnce,  by  the  Fremh  mariners 
named  Puyzejus  ircmius  and  ^'^eues  dt 
Dr.i^nn;  againtl  which  we  fecure  our  lelves, 
by  lowering  and  furling  our  fails  betimes : 
for  we  generally  know  their  approach,  by 
.1  little  !)latk  cloud,  riling  gradually  from 
the  liori/on,  which  in  a  lew  minutes,  svitli 
gre.it  rapidity,  overfpreiuls  the  bell  part  of 
the  hemifphere.  and  immediately  burlls  out, 
lorming  i  vifible  fpout,  reaching  ilown  t'roiu 
the  lowell  clouds,  to  the  liirtace  ot  the  oce- 
an, as  the  figure  repreli-nts  very  naturally.  Plati!  7. 
And  extr.\rting  the  water  through  it  to  the 
clouds,  afterwards  breaks  into  a  heavy 
Ihower,  attcndcel  with  a  vail  fpout  and  a 
moll  furious  gull  of  wind  •,  which  if  it  falls 
upon  any  llvp  with  .ill  its  fails  abroad,  as 
w  Miten  ule  to  he  in  thi^  pillage,  v  ill  cer- 
1  ily  overi'et  it,  or  it  I, ill  l)iing  the  nulls 
by  t  -e  board.  Gjik  r.iUy  when  the  figns  ot 
tiie  coming  of  fuch  w.uer-IJHuit  appear,  we 
lower  our  top-malls  to  the  top,  and  our 
main  and  mizcT  yartls  to  the  ileck,  with 
all   polTdile  fpeed. 

As  to  the  pill'.^iic  from  Lmngo  and  Congo 
river,  in  the  lower  F.tbw  :j  ;  the  former 
having  its  capital  city  in  lo.ir  degrees  thirty 
minutes  fouth-l.ititude,  and  eighteen  de- 
grees eight  minutes  eallward  from  the  me- 
ridian of  Funds  \  if  we  are  bounvi  to  Jumai- 
ra,  and  in  the  month  of  0,7. /vr,  when  we 
linw  the  winds  fouth  by  well,  and  fouth- 
finitli-well.  In  ih  gales,  veerable  to  fouth- 
well  ,ind  back  to  Imith  •,  we  Hand  oil  to  the 
w^llward  with  l.ubo.ud  tatks  on  board,  till 
in  fourteen  degrees  longitude,  to  the  well- 
ward  of  Foiingo,  and  there  we  find  the  winds 
veering  from  fouth -fDutheall  to  fouth-eaft, 
iVelli  gales.  Wiien  we  are  thirty-four  de- 
grees to  the  wdlward  of  Loan^o,  we  are 
then  fixtcen  wcllw.ud  from  the  meridian  of 
Lundi,  the  peculiar  meridian  of  the  ErgUjIj, 
anil  there  we  find  the  windii  veering  from 
fouth-eall  by  eaft  to  eaft  by  louth  and  call  1 
and  fo  they  continue  blowing  frefli,  as  we 
flill  run  to  tlie  wcllw.ird,  between  the  lati- 
tude of  three  and  tour  degrees  fouth,  till 
wc  make  the  iflind  Fernando  tie  Noronba, 
which  lies  in  three  degrees  fifty-lour  minutes 
of  fouth  latitude,  and  forty  degrees  fifty 
minutes  longitude  well  ward  from  Loango, 

and 


I     '    »  .1 


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Alii' 


^44 

Bariuit 

Ferd  inand 
de  Nurott' 
hii 


A  Description  of  the 


Tobigo 
t/lxatl. 


and  twenty- two   degrees   fitty-one   minutes 
from  the  meridian  oi  Liindy. 

In  this  ifland  appears  a  very  high  pyra- 
midal or  piked  mountain  i  and  coming  dofe 
to  it,  the  f.iid  pyramid  looks  like  a  large  ca- 
thedral. On  the  north-weft  fide  is  a  fmall 
bay  to  anchor  in,  butfliips  muft  come  pretty 
near  the  (horo,  b.caufc  it  is  deep  water. 
There  is  plenty  of  fidi  ;  and  on  the  ifland  is 
fome  frelh  water,  and  low  flirubs  of  trees. 
There  are  no  other  inhabitants  but  dogs:  in 
former  times,  it  was  inhabited  by  tlie  Purlu- 
^::,-fe  ;  but  the  Dnlrb,  then  in  war  iili  them, 
ranfack'd  tlie  ifland,  and  carried  the  Pai'.u- 
gtiffe  all  away. 

The  itl.md  may  be  about  four  mils  long, 
from  north-eaft  to  ir,  'i-we(t.  On  tlie  north 
file  are  fome  rod.-  ,  I'.-tty  high  above  wa- 
ter; and  many  l)irds,  .1,  fea-gill.  and  man-of- 
war  birds,  which  are  Ibmething  like  our 
kites  in  Grcit-Biitiin.  The  curr-nt  fcts 
ftrong  to  the  north-wefl;  the  variation 
v;.ry  little. 

From  thii  ifland  we  (teerni.-  ;i  welt,  with 
fr^fli  gales  at  fouch-call  and  >.;,lc  fouth-call, 
in  order  to  crofs  the  equator,  and  defign- 
ingto  make  the  ifland  Tobago  vvflward,  ly- 
ing in  eleven  degrees  thirty-three  minutes 
north  longitude,  weftward  of  FeinanJo 
twenty-eight  degrees  nineteen  minutes. 

In  t!iis  palTige  between  the  faid  iflands,  we 
find  ftrangc  rippling  and  cockling  feas,ready 
to  leap  in  upon  the  fhip's  deck,  which  in- 
duces me  to  think  the  current  is  ftrong.  To- 
br.go  is  a  high  ifland  with  a  good  fandy  bay 
on  the  fouth-  weft  fide,  where  the  Dutch  had 
formerly  a  great  fort,  till  moltfted  by  the 
En^  'i/J.!  and  Frt'nch  by  turns,  and  now  deferted. 

From  this  ifland  it's  well  known  how  to 
fet  the  courfe  to  tiiat  o^  Jamaica,  the  meri- 
dian dill.inre  from  Tobago,  being  fcven  hun- 
dred ,ind  fifty  miles  weft  ;  and  in  that  pif- 
fageno  land  is  fci  n,  till  we  make  the  norih- 
ealV  of  'Jamaiiii,  lying  in  eighty-two  degrees 
fixte'.'n  minutes  longitude,  weft  from  the 
city  of  l.oango  before  mention'd. 

We  have  commonly  in  the  paffige  from 
Guinea  to  .-lnh-rua,  the  diverfion  ol  catch- 
ing honitoes  albacores,  doradoes,  porpoifes, 
•Tiark^,  flying  fifli,  anti  remoras;of  whicii 
forts,  fometimes  great  flioals  keep  us  com- 
pany, and  we  take  them  frefli  and  frefli 
everyday,  cfpecidly  the  bonitoes  and  alba- 
cores, of  which  latter  fort  fome  weigh  fixty 
pounds  or  more,  being  not  only  pleafant, 
but  very  ufi  ful  and  refrcftiing  for  travellers, 

Weare  alfo  often  diverted  with  the  fight 
of  a  multitude  of  fmall  whales  or  grampufles, 
lying  ftill  as  if  they  were  dead  with  their 
fnouts  above  water,  and  fometimes  playing 
about  the  fliip,  with  a  heavy  flow  motion 
and  a  great  noife;  and  when  in  company 
of  other  fliips,  we  vifit  one  another  by  turns 
in  our  pinnaces  or  yauls,  having  commonly 


good  weather  and  a  fmooth  fea  in  this  paf- 
fage.  Thefe  grampufles  are  (haped  almoft 
like  a  whale,  but  much  lei's  in  bulk,  and  cad 
or  blow  up  water  like  it,  but  only  through 
one  pafl^ige  or  orifice,  which  is  above  its 
fnout,  whereas  the  whale  has  two  there. 

In  the  longitude  of  the  ifles  ofSt.  Matthew  Ftihlird,. 
and  the  /Ifcenfwn,  we  are  often  vificed  by  a 
nuiltitudc  of  large  birds  of  a  dark  brown  fea- 
ther, which  in  the  night-time  more  efpe- 
cially  perch  on  our  flirouds  and  yards,  and 
even  on  the  gunnills,  anil  lufier  iliemftlves 
to  be  taken  up  by  hand  ;  Ibrwhich  reafon 
the  French  failors  call  them  Fous,  that  is 
fools ;  being  of  three  forts  :  fome  as  big  as 
a  young  goofe,  with  large,  thick,  and  long 
bills,  fliort  legs,  and  feet  like  a  duck  ;  their 
cry  very  piercing.  They  are  a  fort  of 
f.a-gulls ;  the  Purtugiiefe  call  them  Alca- 
tfj/es,  and  give  this  farther  account  of 
them.  At  nighr,  when  difpos'd  to  fleep, 
they  foar  up  as  high  as  poflible,  and  put- 
ting their  JK-ad  under  one  wing,  fupporc 
thcmfelves  for  fome  time  with  the  other; 
but  becaufe  the  weight  of  their  bodies  muft 
needs  force  them  down  again  at  laft,  as 
foon  as  they  conn  to  the  water,  they  take 
their  flight  again,  and  often  repeating  ir, 
may  in  a  manner  be  faid  to  fleep  waking  ; 
it  often  happens  that  they  fall  into  the  ftiips 
as  they  lail.  Thofe  who  know  the  nature 
of  them  add,  that  at  a  certain  time  of  the 
year,  they  always  go  afliore  to  build  their 
nefts,  and  that  in  the  higheft  places,  whereby 
they  facilitate  their  flight.  It  has  been  ob- 
ferv'd,  that  being  fet  at  liberty  upon  the 
plain  deck,  they  cannot  raife  themfelves. 
Some  Ei.gitjh  failors  call  this  bird  a  booby, 
and  others  a  noddy.  As  they  feed  moftly  up- 
on flying  fifli,  they  tafte  very  fiftiy;  and  if 
you  do  not  fait  them  very  well  before  you 
eat  them,  will  make  you  fick.  They  are 
fo  filly,  that  wl;en  they  are  weary  of  fly- 
ing, they  will,  if  you  hold  out  your  hand, 
come  and  fit  upon    it. 

The  fecond  Ibrt  are  white,  not  near  fo 
large,  and  tlieir  feet  red.  The  third  fpe- 
cics  are  lefs  tiian  thefe. 

There  arc  great  multitudes  of  them  in 
thefe  feas,  preying  on  fhoals  of  flying  filh, 
hunted  by  bonitoes  and  albacores  ;  who,  to 
avoid  being  devoured  by  thefe  greedy  fillies, 
their  implacable  enemies,  betake  themfelves 
to  fly  out  of  their  element  into  that  of  the 
air,  a  little  above  tiie  furtace  of  the  ocean, 
where  they  meet  thefe  other  winged  foes 
falling  thick  upon  them,  a.,  hawks  do  on 
birds,  and  never  fail  to  fnap  many,  and  to 
force  the  reft  to  plunge  again  into  the  fea, 
and  into  the  lame  dangers  they  had  en- 
deavoui'd  to  avoid.  The  fight  of  this  fort 
of  conflift  \i  lo  pleafant,  that  I  could  not 
forbear  drawing  a  flietchofit,  which  Iliope  Pi.*ti  1 
will  be  acceptable. 

The 


Aficnfion 

i,..iiJ- 


Iftands  of  St.  Matthew,  Afcenfion,  ^c.        545 


Koini- 
Hind 

IjMd. 


The  ifland  of  5/.  Matthew  before  men- 
tion'il,  lies  in  one  degree  fifty  minutes  fouth 
latitude,  formerly  inhabited  by  thePortnguefe, 
who  difcover'd  it  on  St.  Malthtw'^  day,  and 
gave  it  that  name  -,  but  they  deferred  it  long 
ago.  This  is  what  is  faid  of  it,  how  true  I 
know  nor ;  for  at  pnlent  that  ifland  is  not 
to  be  found,  tlio'  laid  down  in  moll  Euro- 
pean m.)ps. 

The  i(\ind  ^fcf'ifion  lies  in  eight  degrees 
thirty  miniicrs  of  fouth  latitude,  difcover'd 
by  the  Portii^uefe  on  yljcenftoii-A.\y,  whence 
it  derives  the  name.  The  lantl  is  very  high 
and  fteep  towards  the  fliore  ;  the  foil  barren 
without  any  green,  appearing  full  of  moun- 
tains and  craggy  rocks  cover'd  with  birds 
dung,  who  make  tiieir  nefts  on  the  top  of 
them.  Tlie  whoh-  ifland  may  be  about  five 
leagues  in  compais,  and  is  famous  lev  the 
tor'?i1's  taken  on  it  at  a  certain  time  of  ib.t 
V  ar,  and  carry'd  faked  :o  the  Anunican 
colonics,  by  way  of  trade.  This  idand  is 
uninhabited,  but  its  ihore  is  jilentifully  (fored 
with  mews,  and  many  otlier  fea-birds,  and 
an  incredible  quantity  of  flying  fifh. 

Captain  Dampier  reports,  in  his  voyage  to 
New  Holland,  printed  Anno  170.J,  that 
himfelf  and  his  crew,  after  his  fhipwreck 
thereabouts,  with  much  difficulty  got  afliore 
on  the  Afcenjion,  where  they  liv'd  on  goats 
and  tortoiies ;  and  found,  to  tiieir  great 
comfort,  on  the  fouth-ealt  fide  of  a  high 
mountain,  about  half  a  mile  from  its  top, 
a  ipring  of  frelli  water:  contrary  to  the 
general  account  given  hitherto,  that  this 
iflantl  was  quite  deltitutc  of  frefii  water. 
Which  intbrmation  may  fcrve  luch  perfons 
in  future  times,  as  through  necelllty  may 
chmce  to  be  forc'd  thither. 

On  the  weft  fide  of  the  ifland  are  two 
high  mountains,  which  have  a  little  green, 
being  better  nioiftencd  by  the  fret]uent  dews, 
wliich  caulis  the  ground  all  about  to  abound 
with  the  largcit  and  belt-tafted  purflain  in 
the  world. 

I  am  toki,  many  perfons  have  crofs'd  the 
line,  between  the  little  iflauds  Poiieinh  de 
San  P.idu  and  that  of  Ferdinavd  de  No- 
roiilii.  Others  pretend  it  is  not  fafe  to  crofs 
it  there,  dledging  there  are  flioals  of  rocks 
betwixt  rhofe  iflands,  which  in  fome  maps 
are  call'd  .'Ibroibosov  ^i:^'-',  that  is,  lee,  or 
open  the  eyes.  In  fuch  uncertainty,  I  think 
it  much  more  prudent  to  follow  the  moft 
general  practice,  as  before  obfervM. 

As  to  the  ifland  Fcidmand  Noronha,  of 
which  I  have  already  given  a  fliort  account ; 
I  lliall  now  add,  we  know  our  lilvcs  to 
be  about  it,  when  we  lee  a  multitude  of 
biriis  playing  over  the  ocean,  even  at  thirty 
leagues  diflanci:.  It  is  eafily  perceiv'd  fif- 
teen leagues  ofi'in  lair  weather,  and  mu.-  He 
approa'hed  wh  njuft  in  its  latiude  ;  (leer- 
ing weft  to  it,  10  prevent  ovt  rfhooting  i',  as 
fcjnv  hav  ■  done  in liiiin^  towards  icobliquely, 
Vol,  V. 


not  being  able  to  find  ground  to  anchor.  Bar  dot.' 
The  road  is  when  the  peak,  or  pyramid,  al-  ^V^ 
ready  mention'd,  bears  fouth  fouth-eaft  ;  ic 
is  good   fandy-ground  very  near  the  ftiore. 
The  ifland  feems  to  make  a  kind  of  fepa- 
ration  on  the  eaft-fide. 

In  the  beginning  of  the  laft  century,  a  few 
Portiiguefe  were  left  there  to  cultivate  the 
grounds  tor  cotton  and  Indian  wheat,  which 
throve  well.  It  has  fome  cattle  and  goats, 
and  Ibme  Mandwca  -,  but  little  frefli  water 
in  the  fummer  feafon.  As  tor  wood,  there  is 
plenty  of  it  ifothat  in  cafe  of  neceflaty,  Ihips 
repair  to  it,  for  a  fupply  of  tiiofe  necelTaries. 

Thus  tar  concerning  our  paffage  from 
Guinea  to  America  ;  which,  if  obferv'd,  will 
not  tail  of  making  it  cafy  and  expeditious, 
and  may  reafonably  be  perform'd  in  fifty- 
days  to  any  of  the  Caiihbee  iflands,  or  two 
months  at  moft,  to  Jamaica  :  whereas,  if 
we  keep  our  >  lurfe  near  to  the  equator,  it 
may  be  much  lor.ger,  becaufe  of  the  great 
calms  we  ufually  meet  thereabouts,  which 
is  a  great  difadvantage  to  our  flave-fhips ; 
the  tedioufnefs  of  the  pairage  caufing  a  great 
mortality  among  them,  efpecially  when 
they  are  too  much  crouded,  and  come  from 
any  of  the  ports  of  the  Bigh:  of  Guinea, 
which  often  fpend  a  whole  month  or  more  in 
getting  to  6'/.  Tome,  or  to  cape  Lope,  and  too 
often  the  fhips  are  over-loaded  with  flaves. 

I  have  obferv'd,  that  the  great  morta- 
lity, which  fo  often  happens  in  flave-fhips, 
proceeds  as  well  Ironi  taking  in  too  many, 
as  from  want  of  knowing  how  to  manage 
them  aboard,  and  how  to  order  the  courfe 
at  lea  lb  nicely,  as  not  to  overfhoot  their 
ports  in  America,  as  fome  bound  to  Cayenne 
with  flaves,  have  done;  attributing  the  te- 
dioufnefs of  their  palLge,  and  their  other  A'"*"'' f" 
milbkes,  to  wrong  caufes,  as  being  becalm'd  .*  ^T" 
about  the  line,  Lfc.  which  only  proceeded 
from  their  not  obferving  the  regular  courfe, 
or  not  making  due  oblervations  of  land  when 
they  approach'd  the  American  continent ;  or 
of  the  force  and  ftrength  of  the  current  of 
the  Amazons. 

Others  have  been  faulty  in  not  putting 
their  ftiips  into  due  order  before  they  left  the 
Guinea  coaft,  a  thing  very  much  to  be 
minded  ;  and  have  not  taken  care  before 
they  fail'd  from  IFhtdab,  or  cape  Lope,  to 
let  well  their  flirouds  and  ftays,  tarr  them 
well,  with  all  the  running  ropes  and  blocks. 
If  the  port  or  road  will  allow  it,  we  clean 
our  fliips  as  low  as  is  pofTible,  and  tallow 
them  Will,  to  give  them  the  better  way  : 
befidts  all  this,  during  the  pafluige,  we  take 
care,  in  good  we.ither,  to  have  the  fhips 
well  caulk'd  without  and  within,  as  well  ^is 
the  decks.  The  work  ol  the  outfide  we  do  in 
fair  weather  i  and  if  bad,  the  carpenters  work, 
withn,  and  tarr  all  over,  that  every  thing 
within  may  be  kept  dry,  as  well  for  itspre- 
Urvation  as  decency. 

0  Z  As 


.'*i 


s 


Ml 


mm 

I.  V    ■    ','1' ;, 


'\i  y-f'X 


'•i;:i.! 


u« 


General  Obfewations  on 


"Ha 


"  ..... 


I" '  ■  .■  i. 


It!, 


(fr 


w 


fiivtj. 


Barbot.  As  to  the  management  of  our  (laves 
'•"^V^'  aboard,  we  lodge  the  two  fexcs  apart,  by 
means  of  a  ftrong  partition  at  the  main  mart; 
W4»/i.c»-  (},g  forepart  is  for  nun,  the  other  behind 
"l'".'"^  the  mart  for  the  women.  If  it  be  in  large 
fliips  carrying  five  or  fix  hundred  flaves,  the 
deck  in  fuch  (hips  ought  to  be  at  lead  five 
and  a  half  or  fix  (oot  high,  which  is  very 
rtquifite  for  driving  a  continual  trade  of 
fl.ives  :  for  the  greater  height  it  has,  the 
more  airy  and  convenient  it  is  for  fucli  a 
confiderable  number  of  human  cre.itures  •, 
r.nd  confequently  tiir  the  more  healthy  for 
them,  and  fitter  to  look  after  tiiem.  Wc 
build  a  fort  of  half-decks  along  the  fides 
with  deals  and  I'pars  provided  for  that  pur- 
]iole  in  Europe,  t\ut]u\t'-iiink  extending  no 
farther  than  the  fides  ot  our  (cuttles,  and  (b 
the  flaves  lie  in  two  rows,  one  above  the 
other,  and  as  clofe  together  as  they  can  be 
croudt-d. 

TheDtitcb  company's  (hips  exceed  all  o- 
tlicr  EmopL'iWs  in  (ucli  accommodations,  he- 
):';:;  commonly  built  defignecily  for  tholi: 
v(,yai.'es,  and  confequently  contrived  very 
wide,  lolty,  and  airy,  betwixt  di,\:ks,  with 
gratings  and  fcuttles,  which  can  be  cover'il 
v.ith  tarpawlins  in  wee  weather  ;  and  in  fair 
iincover'd,  to  let  in  the  more  air.  Some  alio 
have  maile  (mall  ports,  or  lights  along  rhe 
fides  at  proper  diftances,  well  fecured  with 
thick  iron  bars,  which  they  open  from  time 
to  time  for  the  air;  and  tiiat  very  much  con- 
tributes to  the  prefervation  of  thole  poor 
wretches,  who  arc  lb  thick  crouded  to- 
gether. 

The  Poriugufj}  of  JngoLi,  a  people  in  ma- 
ny rcfpefts  not  to  be  compar'd  to  the  Engl i//.', 
Dutch  or  Fifiich,  in  point  of  neatncfs  aboard 
their  fliips,  tho'  indeeil  fome  French  and  Etij^- 
lijh  (hips  in  tliofe  voyages  for  flaves  are  flo- 
vingly,  (oul,  and  flinking,  according  to  the 
temper  .ind  the  wane  of  (kill  ol  the  lom- 
iiianilers  i  the  Pcrtugiicfi;  I  fay,  are  com- 
mendable in  that  they    bring  along    with 
them   to  the  co.ift,  a  lufTicienC  quantity  of 
coarfe  thick  mats,  to  fcrve  as  bedding  under 
the  fl.ives  aboard,  and  Ihifttliem  every  fort- 
night or  three  weeks  with  fuch  fr.fli  mats: 
which,  befides  that  it  is  iofcer  for  the  poor 
Wretches  to  lie  upon  than  the  bare  deals  or 
decks,  multalfo  be  much  healthier  (or  them, 
becaule  the  planks,  or  deals,  contrad  Ibmc 
dampnefs  more  or  lefs,  cither  from  the  deck 
being  fo  often  wafii'd  to  keep   it  clean  and 
Iweet,  or  from  the  rain  that  gets  in  now  and 
tlicn  through  the  fcuttles  or  other  openings, 
and  even  from  the  very  fweat  olthe  (laves; 
which  being  (b  crouded  in  a  low  place,  is 
perpetual,  and  occafions  many  didempers, 
or  at  beft  great  inconveniencies  dangerous 
to   their   health  :  whereas,  lyini;  on  mats, 
and  fliiiting  them  from  time  to  time,  mull 
be  much  mce  convenient ;  and  it  would  be 
prudent  ro   imiraie   the    Purtiigueje  in  this 


point,  the  charge  of  fuch  mats  being  incon* 
fiderable. 

We  are  very  nice  in  keeping  the  places 
where  the  (laves  lie  clean  and  neat,  appoin- 
ting fome  of  the  (hip's  crew  to  do  that  office 
conftantly,  and  feveral  of  the  (laves  them- 
felves  to  be  afllfiant  to  them  in  that  em- 
ployment i  and  thrice  a  Week  wc  perfume 
betwixt  decks  with  a  quantity  of  good  vine- 
gar in  pails,  and  red-hot  iron  bullets  in  them, 
to  expel  the  bad  air,  after  the  place  has  bcea 
well  wafli'd  and  fcrubb'd  with  brooms :  af- 
ter which,  the  deck  is  clean'd  with  cold  vi- 
negar, and  in  the  day-time,  in  good  weather, 
we  leave  all  the  fcutiles  open,  and  flii't  them 
again  at  night. 

It  has  been  obferv 'd  before,  that  fome 
flaves  (ancy  they  are  carry 'd  to  be  eaten, 
which  makes  them  defperate;  and  others 
are  fo  on  account  of  their  captivity  :  fo  that 
if  care  be  not  taken,  they  will  mutiny  and 
defiroy  the  Ihip'.s  crev/  in  hopes  to  get  away. 

To  prevent  fuch  misfortunes,  we  ufe  to 
vifit  them  daily,  narrowly  fearching  every 
corner  between  decks,  to  fee  whether  they 
have  not  found  means,  to  gather  any  pieces 
ot  iron,  or  wood,  or  knives,  about  the  (hip, 
notwithftanding  thegreat  care  we  take  not  to 
leave  any  tools  or  nails,  or  other  things  in  the 
way  :  which,  however,  cannot  be  always  fo 
cxadtly  obferv'd,  vWiere  fo  many  jxople  are 
in  the  narrow  compafs  ofafhip. 

Wecaufe  as  many  of  our  men  as  is  con- 
venient to  lie  in  the  quarter-deck  and  gun- 
room, and  our  principal  olficers  in  the  great 
cabbin,  where  we  keep  all  our  fmall  arms 
in  a  readincfs,  with  fentincls  confiantly  at 
the  door  and  avenues  ro  it  ;  being  thus 
ready  to  dilappoint  any  attempts  our  flaves 
might  make  on  a  fudden. 

Thefe  precautions  contribute  very  much 
to  keep  them  in  awe  ;  and  if  all  thofe  who 
carry  flaves  duly  obferv'd  them,  we  (liould 
not  hearof  (b  many  revolts  ;is  have  happen'd. 
Where  1  was  concern'd,  we  always  kept  our 
flaves  in  lucli  order,  that  we  did  not  perceive 
the  lead  inclination  in  any  ot  them  to  revolt, 
or  mutiny,  and  lod  very  (ew  of  our  number 
in  the  voyage. 

It  is  true,  wc  allow'd  them  much  more 
liberty,  and  us'd  them  with  more  tendernels 
than  mod  other  Europeans  would  think  pru- 
dent to  ilo  ;  as,  to  have  them  all  upon  deck 
every  day  in  good  weather  ;  to  take  their 
meals  twice  a-day,  ai  fix'd  hours,  thai  is, 
at  ten  in  the  morning,  and  at  five  at  night; 
which  being  ended,  we  made  the  men  go 
down  ag.iin  between  decks:  (or  the  women 
werealmod  entirely  at  their  own  dilcretion, 
to  be  upon  deck  as  long  as  they  plcas'd,  nay 
even  many  ol  the  males  liad  the  fame  liberty 
by  turns,  (iiccelfively ;  (cwor  none  being  fct- 
ter'dor  keot  in  (hackles,  and  that  only  on 
account  o(  (bmedidurb.mces,  or  injuries,  of- 
(er'd  to  their  (ellow-captivcs,  as  will  una- 
voidably 


the  Management  of  Slaves. 


W 


voidably  happen  among  x  numerous  croud 
of  fucli  favagc  people.  BcTidcs,  we  allow'd 
each  of  them  betwixt  their  meals  a  handful 
of  Ind't  :n  wheat  and  Mmuhoca,  and  now  and 
then  fhort  pipes  and  tobacco  to  fmoak  up- 
on deck  by  turns,  and  fome  cocoa-nuts  ; 
and  to  the  women  a  piece  ofcoarfc  cloth  to 
rover  them,  and  the  fame  to  many  of  the 
men,  which  we  took  care  they  did  wafli 
from  time  to  time,  to  prevent  vermin,  which 
they  are  very  fubjcft  to  ;  and  becaufc  it 
look'd  fweeter  and  more  agreeable.  To- 
wards th,.- evening  they  diverted  themfclves 
on  the  deck,  as  they  thought  tit,  fome  con- 
verfing  together,  others  dancing,  finging, 
and  I'porting  after  their  manner,  which 
pleafed  them  highly,  and  often  made  us 
padime  ;  efpecially  the  female  fex,  who  be- 
ing a-partfrom  the  males,  on  tiie  quarter- 
deck, and  many  of  them  young  Iprigluly 
maiden';,  full  of  jollity  and  good-humour, 
afforded  us  abundance  of  recreation  ;  asilid 
il-veral  little  line  boys,  which  we  mollly 
kept  to  attend  on  us  about  the  lliip. 
Din  of  We  mefs'd  the  flaves  twice  a  day,  as  I 
/'*•"•  Iiave  oblcrved  ;  the  firll  meal  was  of  our 
large  beans  boil'd,  with  a  certain  quantity 
nf  Mii'covy  lard,  which  we  have  from  /lol- 
lii/ni,  well  pack'd  up  in  cafks.  Tlie  beans 
wc  have  in  great  plenty  at  Rccbcl.  The 
other  meal  wai-ot  peafe,  or  of ///(/;<^;«  wheat, 
and  lometinies  meal  of  Maiulioca  ;  x.\\\~.  pro- 
vided in  PrtKCf's  ifland,  the  Intlian  wheat 
at  the  GoLlCoaft  ;  boil'd  with  either  lard,  or 
liict,  or  grcafe,  by  turns:  and  fometimes 
with  pal'11-oil  and  malaguette  or  Guinea 
jvppcr.  I  touiid  they  had  much  better  (lo- 
ni  Kiis  for  beans,  and  it  is  a  i)ro[)cr  tattening 
fond  lor  captives  -,  in  my  opinion  far  better  to 
ni.iintain  them  well,  than  liuiian  wheat, /V/rt«- 
liyjca  or  yam'- ;  tho'  the  Calni ar  flaves  value 
this  root  above  any  other  food,  asbiinguled 
to  it  in  'heir  own  country  :  but  ii  is  not  at 
certain  times  of  the  year  to  be  had  in  fo 
'Treat  a  quantity  as  is  requifite  to  lubfill  Inch 
a  number  of  people  lor  fcveral  months  ; 
befrles  that  they  arc  apt  to  decay,  and  even 
to  putrity  as  they  grow  old.  1  lorle-beans 
are  alio  very  proper  for  flaves  in  lieu  ot  large 
bans:  there  is  good  jilenty  of  them  Indrrat 
H'-Ufiiii,  which,  as  well  as  the  oilier  beans, 
wi'l  keep,   if  well  put  up  in  dry  fats  or  c;ifks. 

We  dillributed  them  by  ten  in  a  tnefs, 
about  a  Imali  flit  tub,  m.ule  for  that  ufe 
by  our  coopers,  in  which  their  vidtuals  were 
lerved  i  each  flave  having  a  little  wooden 
fpoontofeed  himllh'h.indlljmely,  and  more 
de.  '•'  than  with  their  lingers,  and  they 
were  well  pleafed  with  it. 

At  each  meal  we  allow'd  every  flave  a 
full  coco-nut  fliell  of  water,  and  from  time 
to  time  a  dram  of  brandy,  to  ftrcngthcn 
their  (tomachs. 

The  D:itch  commonly  kvd  their  flaves 
three   cimes  a  day,    with  indifferenc  good 


viftuals,  and  much  better  than  they  eat  in  Rarbot. 
their  own  country.  The  Portuguefe  feed  v^V"w 
them  moll:  with  Mmidioca. 

As  for  the  fick  and  wounded,  or  thofe  out , 
of  oi-der,  our  furgeons,  in  their  daily  vifits^c^f^^^,;, 
betwixt  decks,  finding  any  indifpoled,  caus'd 
them  to  be  carried  to  the  Lazaretto,  under 
the  fore-caltle,  a  room  referv'd  for  a  fort 
of  holpital,  where  they  were  carefully  look'd 
after.  Being  out  of  the  croud,  the  furgeons 
had  more  conveniency  and  time  to  admi- 
niller  proper  remedies  -,  which  they  cannot 
do  leiliirely  between  decks,  becaufc  of  the 
great  heat  that  is  there  continually,  which 
is  fometimes  fo  cxcefTive,  that  the  furgeons 
would  faint  away,  and  the  candles  would  not 
burn  ;  bcrides,thatin  fuchacroud  ofbrutilh 
people,  there  are  always  fome  very  apt  to 
annoy  and  hurt  others,  and  all  in  general 
fo  greedy,  that  they  will  Ihatch  from  the 
fick  flaves  the  frefli  meat  or  liqtior  that  is 
given  them.  It  is  no  way  advifable  to  pur 
the  fick  fl.ivcs  into  the  long-boat  upon  deck, 
as  was  very  imprudently  done  in  the  .//'«« 
ti-ig.ate,  fpokenot  in  the  defcription  n't  Ncj^ 
Cal.ii.ir  ;  for  they  being  thus  expofed  in  the 
open  air,  and  coming  out  of  the  excefiivc 
hot  hold,  and  lying  there  in  the  cool  of  the 
nights,  for  (bme  time  jufl  under  the  fall  of 
the  wind  from  the  fails,  were  foon  taken  fo 
ill  of  violent  cholicks  and  bloody  fluxes, 
that  in  a  few  days  they  died,  and  the  owners 
loft  above  three  hundred  flaves  in  the  paf- 
fage  from  St.  Tome  to  BArhadoes ;  and  the 
two  hundred  and  fifty  that  furvived,  were 
likefkLletons,  onchalf  of  them  not  yielding 
above  four  pounds  a  head  there :  an  over- 
fight,  by  which  fifty  per  Cent,  of  the  ftock 
or  outfet  was  loft. 

Much  more  might  be  faid  relating  to  the 
prefervation  and  maintenance  of  flaves  in 
luch  voyages,  which  I  leave  to  the  prudence 
ot  the  officers  that  govern  aboard,  if  they 
value  their  own  reputation  and  their  owners 
advantage  ;  and  lliall  only  add  thefe  few 
[)articiilars,  that  tho'  we  ought  to  be  circum- 
I'peft  in  watching  the  flaves  narrowly,  to 
prevent  or  dilappoinc  their  ill  defigns  for 
our  own  confervation,  \  et  mull  we  not  be 
too  fevere  and  haughty  with  them,  but  on 
the  contrary,  carets  and  h'Jmour  them  in 
every  reafonable  thing.  Soine  commanders, 
of  a  morole  peevilh  temp.r  are  perpetually 
beating  and  curbing  them,  even  without 
the  leall  olVence,  and  will  not  fuffer  any 
upon  deck  but  when  unavoidable  neceflity 
to  cafe  theinfelves  does  require  -,  under 
pretence  it  hinders  the  work  of  the 
fhij)  and  failors,  and  that  they  are  trou- 
blefome  by  their  nafty  nauleous  flench, 
or  their  noife ;  which  makes  thole  poor 
v/retclus  delperate,  and  befides  their 
falling  into  diftempers  thro'  melancholy, 
often  is  the  occafion  of  th.ir  delfroying 
themlelvcs, 

Such 


i      'll 


;l' 


:J' 


I-.!;'' JUr 


(>i     Kiv.  I', Bis! 


f;'" 


Ifiti''  Vi 


I 


.:■[% 


Witp^ 


.1 


Ri#if-j>:,i 


^rn-r 


?48 


j4   Description  of 


Bardot.  Such  officers  (hould  confider,  thofe  un- 
>^V^'  fortunate  creatures  are  men  as  well  as  them- 
felves,  tho*  of  a  difterent  colour,  and  pagans  > 
and  that  they  ought  to  do  to  others  as  they 
would  be  done  by  in  like  circumftances  i  as 
it  may  be  their  turn,  if  they  (hould  have  the 
misfortune  to  fall  into  the  hands  of  Algeriiwi 
or  Sallee  men,  as  it  has  happen'd  to  many 
after  fuch  voyages  perform'd.  They  ought 
alio  to  confider  the  intcreft  of  their  owners, 
who  put  them  into  that  employment ;  and, 
iinlefs  they  have  laid  afide  the  fenfe  of  gra- 
titude and  credit,  it  may  be  an  inducement 
to  curb  their  brutilh  temper,  and  move  them 
to  a  gentle  humane  carriage  towards  the  poor 
flaves,  and  to  contribute  as  far  as  in  them 
lies,  to  keep  them  clean,  healthy  and  eafy ; 
to  Icffcn  the  deep  I'enfe  of  their  lamentable 
condition,  which  many  are  fenfibic  enough 
of,  whatever  we  may  think  of  their  Itupidiiy. 
Thefe  method;,  will  undoubtedly  turn  to  the 
advantage  of  the  adventurers,  their  milters, 
and  is  the  lead  return  they  can  realbnably 
cxpedl  from  them. 

It  alio  concerns  the  adventurers  in  Gu'-ma 
voyages  tor  flaves,  not  to  allow  the  com- 
manders, fupercargo  or  officers,  the  liberty 
of  ukinp:  aboard  .u.y  fl.ives  for  their  own 
particul.u-  account,  ab  is  too  often  pradifed 
among  European  traders,  thinking  to  fave 
fomething  in  their  lalaries  by  the  month: 
for  experience  has  fliown,  that  the  captain's 
(laves  neve.-  liie,  fincc  there  are  not  ten 
mailers  in  fifty  who  fcniple  to  make  good 
their  own  out  of  the  cargo  ;  or  at  lead  fuch 
licencc-flavcs  are  lure  to  have  the  be  ft  ac- 
con^modationsaboard,and  the  greateft  plenty 
of  fubfitlance  out  of  the  (hip's  (lock :  and 
very  often  thofe  wlio  were  allow'd  to  carry 
but  two  flaves,  have  had  ten  or  twelve,  and 
thofe  the  beft  of  the  cargo,  fubfifted  out  of 
the  general  provifions  of  the  (hip,  and  train'd 
up  aboard,  to  be  carpenters,  coopers,  and 
cooks,  fo  as  to  fell  for  double  the  price  of 
other  fl'.vt  in  Aiiurf:^,  becaufe  of  their  (kill, 
Cffi.  And  fuch  comn?anders,  when  rcturn'd 
home,  and  requir'd  ro  account  for  fuch 
licentious  pradices,  and  to  rellore  the  pro- 
dud  of  (uch  flaves  fo  dil';)os'd  of,  allosving 
them  their  firllcoll,  not  only  refule  to  com- 
ply with  fo  reafoiiable  a  demand,  but  know- 
ing how  many  formalities  the  law  in  England 
requns,  to  compel  them  to  it,  which  re- 
duces it  almod  to  an  inifoiTibility,  they 
fall  out  with,  anil  ungratefully  abufe  their 
benefaftors  and  patrons.  .So  that  it  were 
infinitely  better,  in  lieu  of  fuch  grants, to  aug- 
ment tlie  falarie3,proportionably  to  the  great 
fatigues  and  imminent  hazardsof  lifein  liich 
voyages,  with  this  condition,  that  any  pcr- 
(bn;  whatlocver  tranfgrefTmg  in  this  point. 
Hi, .11  forfeit  not  only  fuih  flives  as  he  (hall 
ptelume  to  carry  over  without  pcrmilTion, 
bu' alio  ill  his  wageL.,  and  pay  a  rcalbnable 
fine  hcfidcs.     All  tins  ri!;o  oully  exi:  :utc'.'.. 


would  have  a  great  influence,  and  deter 
many  from  their  ill  pradices  for  the  future. 
And  thus  I  conclude  the  defcription  of  the 
coafts  of  North  and  South  Guinea,  and  of 
Angola,  in  the  Lower  Ethiopia,  and  the  par- 
ticular obfervations  for  the  courfe  of  navi- 
gation to  and  from  it,  to  the  ifland  Cayenne, 
in  the  province  of  Guiana  in  North  America. 

I  have  thought  (it  to  fubjoin  a  (hort  new 
defcription  of  that  province  of  Guiana  in 
general,  and  of  the  ifland  of  Cayenne  in  par- 
ticular V  as  far  as  I  could  gather  from  fome 
of  the  principal  inhabitants,  and  the  go- 
vernor, as  well  as  from  my  own  obfervations, 
during  tiic  fliort  (lay  I  made  in  that  ifland, 
in  the  year  1679;  to  which  I  will  add  a 
fuccind  account  of  the  French  Caribbee 
iflands,  Mariiiiico  and  GuaiLiioufe,  and  others 
adjacent,  inhabited  only  by  Indians,  toge- 
gether  with  the  draughts  of  thofe  two  laft 
named. 

Of  the  jrovince of  Guiana. 
"T*  H  I  S  province  may  be  call'd  a  large  Vfftk 
ifland,  tiie  rivers  Oronoque  or  Parii^  n'idt\ 
and  that  of  the  Amazini,  which  join,  cuttin"' 
it  oti'  from  the  body  of  tlie  continent  ;  the 
diitance  between  the  mouths  of  the  (aid 
rivers  being  above  three  hundred  leagues  -, 
and  all  chat  trad  of  land  by  geographers  is 
call'd  G"/(/j«j  and  Caribana,  onwhichcoaft 
lies  the  ifland  of  Cayenne.  The  rivers  Oro- 
noque  and  that  of  the  Amazons  part,  ac- 
cording to.'/f««;M, who  madi.  thisoblervation 
on  the  ("pot,  in  the  longitude  of  three 
hundred  and  fixteen  degrees.  The  native 
Indians  of  that  place  call  tht  Oronoque,  Curi- 
guariira  ;  but  the  Toupinaniboiis  give  it  the 
name  of  Urama  and  Aamim,  that  of  Kio 
Negro  or  the  black-river,  becaul'e  its  waters 
are  fo  clear  that  they  look  black  ;  and  U- 
rama,  in  the  language  of  the  Totipinamboiis 
fignifies  the  fame.  Thofe  Indians  call  the 
river  of  the  Amazons,  Paianacuris,  that  is, 
the  great  river. 

Carii/..,ui  is  the  name  of  the  maritime  ,^,^^ 
part  of  Guiana ;  others  call  it  the  country 
oi  the  Amu zons,  .\nd  othcm  El  Doraiio  :  but 
the  Indian  name  ot  Guiana  has  prevaii'd 
fince  the  Irencb  have  fettled  there,  and  fome 
of  their  authors  have  liom  them  entitled  it 
Equinoilial  France',  as  being  near  the  e(|uator. 

This  part  of  the  contint  nt  of  America  is 
water'd  by  abundance  of  rivers,  fome  of 
which  will  carry  fliips  up  a  confiderablc 
way,  and  on  the  banks  of  them  an  inlinite 
number  of  plantations  might  be  made,  which 
would  turn  to  a  very  good  account,  as  well 
in  refpcd;  of  the  trade  witii  the  natives,  and 
the  fifliing  in  the  rivers  and  along  the  fea- 
coafts,  as  of  the  produd  of  the  land,  if  it 
Were  indullrioiifly  cultiv.itcd,  and  the  na- 
tives well  uled  •,  (or  otherwife  they  are  very 
revenge'ul.  Tlie  land  ot  Gniani  all  along 
ilie  lea-co  111,  and  the  banks  of  the  river,  is 
commonly  low. 

The 


the  maritime , 


&iviri. 


Pirimi 
Uke. 


rntility. 


the  Province  of  Guiana. 


U9 


}niuS. 


mi. 


ilMr. 


IjUndi. 


The  rivers  of  this  country,  to  begin  on 
the  weft  of  north  cape,  are  toponowyny,  Aro- 
toary,  jirikary,  Corrofuine,  ^attaoueny,  Caf- 
fipoure  or  Cafipoun, '  whence  the  cape  takes 
name ;  Arocawo,  weft  of  cape  Orange ;  and 
near  it  fVtapoca  or  Tapoco,  IVanary,  Apor- 
waque  or  Aproafue,  in  which  there  are 
great  dangerous  w.xter-falls ;  after  which  is 
Canwo,  and  then  /F«a  or  Quia,  Cayaani 
or  Cayenne,  thefe  two  laft  forming  the  ifland 
Cayenne ;  Macourinque,  Cotirora,  Manama' 
nary,  Slnamory  ;  and  many  moreto'^  redious 
to  mention  in  particular,  being  in  aii  forty- 
one,  which  all  fall  into  the  north-fea.  Tlie 
famous  Oronoque  is  thr  laft  of  them  all  to 
the  wertward,  and  has  feveral  Indian  names, 
as  IVorinoque,  Huria  Paria,  and  Iviapan. 

Befides  this  great  number  of  rivers,  the 
imaginary  lake  of  Parima  has  always  been 
plac  d  in  the  fouth  part  of  this  country,  as 
niay  be  feen  in  all  our  maps.  I  call  it  ima- 
ginary, becaufe  ii  could  never  be  heard  of 
by  the  French,  who  were  feveral  years  en- 
quiring after  it ;  I  fhall  have  occafion  to 
fpeak  of  it  again  in  the  delcription  of 
Cayenne. 

This  country  has  all  diverfity  of  lands, 
as  hills,  plains  and  meadows ;  the  very 
mountains  being  capable  of  tilling,  and  the 
foil  fo  fruitful,  that  one  man  may  with  cafe 
get  enough  to  maintain  twenty. 

According  to  Tome,  this  province  is  in 
many  parts  very  wild  an^l  thinly  peopled, 
cIpLcially  the  loweft  lands,  which  are  often 
overflow'd  by  the  rivers  ■,  but  the  upper 
hilly  countries  are  very  populous,  the  foil 
being  w.iter'd  by  fo  many  rivers,  very  com- 
modious for  travellers.  The  air  in  that  up- 
l.ind  country  is  much  colder  than  towards 
the  coaft,  and  the  hills  are  very  rich  in 
mines  of  feveral  forts. 

Fruit  is  very  plentiful  and  goo.!,  and  all 
furts  of  grain  grow  tiiere  all  the  year  about, 
except  wheat ;  coming  uj)  in  a  ftiort  time, 
and  with  little  or  no  dirtinition  of  feafons: 
for  there  being  no  winter,  the  trees  are  al- 
ways green  and  full  of  leaves,  bloflbms  and 
fruit. 

T!io*  this  country  is  between  the  line  and 
thetropick  of  Cancer,  that  is,  within  the 
torrid  zone,  the  climate  is  pretty  tempe- 
rate, and  theair  wholelbme  ;  the  heats  being 
generally  allay 'd  by  a  frefli  eafterly  wind, 
which  reigns  the  greatcft  part  of  the  year, 
during  thed.iy,  and  at  night  the  land-breezes 

Eirevail,  but  lio  not  reach  to  two  or  three 
eagues  out  at  Tea. 

The  waters  are  likewife  excelh'nt,  and  of 
fuch  a  particular  n  iiure,  that  they  will  keep 
fwect  and  frefh  during  the  longeft  voyages, 
as  has  been  often  found  by  cxperienee. 

On   the   fea-coafts,    which,  as  h:is  been 
faid,  are  generally  low,  there  are  many  largo 
iflands,    (it,  if  imurov'd,  to  feed  cattle. 
Vol.   V. 


The  fea  about  the  coafts  abounds  in  fi(h ;  Barbot. 
the  moft  common,  is  that  which  the  Fiench  "-^voJ 
call   Macboran,    and  the  Engli/h  cat-fidi,^^^*"' 
being  of  a  yellow  colour,  and  very  large  /" 
fweet  mullets  and  thornbacks,    lamentyns 
and  fea-tortoifes.     Fowl  is  alfo  very  plenti- 
ful, either  tame  or  wild,  and  other  game; 
with  all  which  they  fupply  the  European  fet- 
tlements  at  the  fea-coaft,  exchanging  for 
toys  and  wrought  iron. 

This  country  produces  divers  forts  of 
phyfical  gums,  woods  and  roots,  very  va- 
luable in  France ;  as  well  as  feveral  forts  of 
wood  for  dying,  a:id  for  making  of  cabi- 
nets and  inlaid  worics :  among  which  is  the 
letter-wood,  by  the  French  call'd  Bois  de  la 
Chine,  and  which  grows  no  where  in  the 
world  but  here  ;  yet  the  natives  cut  and 
carry  it  quite  to  the  water-fide  fo  cheap, 
that  a  tun  weigl..  of  it  does  not  coft  above 
ten  (liillings ;  and  in  France  a  tun  of  that 
wood  has  formerly  yielded  fifty  pounds 
fterling  or  more  ;  and  never  was  yet  under 
twenty-five  or  thirty  pounds  to  this  day. 
There  is  ebony  of  a  different  fort  from  the 
letter-wood,  and  one  fort  call'd  Boii  de  Vi- 
olet, with  feveral  others  very  common ; 
ther;  are  alfo  prodigious  large  trees,  where- 
of the  Indians  make  canoes,  which  carry 
twelve  or  thirteen  tuns  in  cafks  •,  befides  a 
prodigious  ftore  of  very  lofty  large  trees, 
the  wood  of  them  very  hard,  and  even  too 
ponderous,  but  has  the  advantage  of  refift- 
ing  worms  in  fait  water. 

Guiana  has  vaft  numbers  of  monkeys,  o^ simhiys. 
divers  forts,  among  which  is  that  fort  call'd 
by  the  Indians  and  after  them  tlie  French, 
Sapajous;  a  kind  of  little  yellowiih  ape,  with 
large  eyes,  a  white  face  and  black  chin :  it 
i<  of  a  low  ft-ature,  and  of  a  lively  and  ca- 
reffiiig  nature,  but  lb  tender  in  cold  wea- 
ther, that  it  is  with  great  difficulty  we  can 
carry  fome  over  to  France  alive,  and  they 
are  there  much  efleemed,  and  yield  a  con- 
fi.lerable  price  among  perfons  of  quality.  I 
had  much  ado  to  preferve  one,  whole  head 
w.is  no  bigger  than  an  oriiinary  goofe-egg. 
The  baboons  arc  large,  but  very  ugly. 

There  arc  tamarinds,  Sagnvius,  parrots,  b,v^,  ^Md 
cameleons,  Agoiitils,  ,7''<7t,  Ocoi,  Tocaus  oThmjU. 
Toucans,  I'lamius,  wild  large  ducks,  with 
reil  feathers  at  their  head,  but  not  in  great 
plenty,  which  eat  very  well,  being  (tew'd  ; 
and  fiveral  other  birds,  wliu  hive  nothing 
remarkable  in  them  hefi.lcs  their  feathers. 
It  likewife  abounds  in  fmall  tygers,  deer, 
pigs,  little  porcupines,  l.'.rge  monftious  fer- 
pcnrs,  and  divers  other  forts  of  animals. 

The  .Igonlil  is  a  creature  of  the  fime  big- 
nefs  as  a  hire,  of  a  redtiifh  colour,  fharp 
muzzle,  fmall  ears,  fbort  and  very  finall 
legs.  The  cameleon  is  like  thof;  of  Guinea. 
The  ferpents,  tho*  fo  I  irgc,  are  no--  very  ve- 
nomous i  fome  of  tliem  have  fwallow'd  ^^Strfmi 
7  i\  whole 


wir 


s,  IJii  U 


4 


k 


!ft  '  ?"*"'■' 

\i-  I'  ii',;;'"''  ti:' 


f'^f:^:f:M:ia 


Mm 


I'^o 


A  Description  0/ 


Barbot.  whole  deer  at  a  time,    being  twenty-four 
^^'V^^  fool  long  •,  the  (kin  of  one  was  fhew'd  me 
Platb  lS.^c  C<jji«jw,  fourteen  foot  long,  of  the  figure 
iis  in  thi;  print. 

Their  p.irrots  are  very  fine,  iind  foo" 
learn  to  fpeait  i  the  Iniiam  pluck  tlicir  fea- 
thers to  adorn  themlelves,  rubbing  them 
with  the  blood  of  certain  creeping  animals. 
Til"  i'Vij.'ijrtWi  arefea-birds,  about  tiie  fize 
rf  a  hen,  and  fly  in  bands  like  ducks  or 
cranes  \  their  fiathcrs  fcarlet,  and  krve  tlie 
'.HutMi  to  make  crowns,  or  garlands,  for 
their  heads. 

Tlic  Oio.tarc.is  big  as  turkeys,  black '■.i 
the  back,  white  on  the  breaft,  a  lliort  yel- 
low bill,  a  fierce  g.iic,  fmall  tri^/nled  l(;a- 
thcrs  (landinii;  up  like  a  tutt  on  their  heads. 
The  ■Ihcaus  or  loucam,  ib  a  bird  wiih 
black,  red,  and  yellow  leathers,  about  as 
bij^  as  a  pidgeon,  his  bill  almoll  as  t'iic);as 
his  body,  aiul  of  a  very  fiiignlar  make,  be- 
i  'gall  over  black  and  wiiite  wcks,  or  ilreaks, 
like  ebony  and  ivorv  interlaid  :  his  tongue  is 
alio  very  remarkable,  being  a  kind  ot  plain 
le.ither,  very  Ibeight. 
Ftiilii  mj      .'Vs  to  fruits,  befides  lugar-cuics,  (which 
pl4iui.      grow  very  well  in  Guutna.)  the  Cajj'.a,  Pii- 
Jiiye^  y/(r((i;(/«-apples,  Baniilits^Tobauo,  Pal, 
and    Rxiou  i  it  produces  alfo  liklian  wheat, 
jiiandioca,    cotton,  indigo,  and   the  other 
fruits  common  in  Brazil,  and  feveral  others. 
Among  the  plants  which  the  Iiidia'is  ciil- 
rivate  in  their  plantations,  cotton  is  one  o;' 
tlioTe  that  abounds  moil  ;  and  is  uied  by  thij 
wonii  n  who  atlorn  themi'elvcswithit,  and  can 
fpin  it  as  fine  ,is  they  [ileafe.     Tiicre  is  fuch 
plenty  olit  every  whcti-,  that  if  it  were  poITi  ■ 
ble  to  have  women  enougii  there  to  fpin  it,  to 
lave  the  great  charges  and  expence  of  tranf- 
poitip;^,  it  in  the  wooll  to  £'///(//;i',  which  ren- 
ders the  profit  very  inconfulerablc  to  tlie  [il, ni- 
ters •,  ii  mij^ht  f'.irnilli  all   Euiofe,  without 
tolling  the  l'i\  .ch  at   Ca)emu\  any   other 
trouble  than  (.ur.hafing  it  of  the  bi.l.dih,  Ibr 
v^ry  iiiconfulerable  toys  and  habcrdaflicry 
ware  of  httle  value:  the  ifli/wvj  cfteeming  a 
grain  of  cryflal,  to  .idorn   their  necks  or 
ears,  as  muv.h   as  a  diamond  of  the  fame 
bigncfs  is  valued  among  tiie  Jiurofcan.'.  And 
if  tlie  dilorders  which  i.ave  happened  in  the 
hiif'  jaiK  lettleiiients  in  Gui.mti,  at  feveral 
times,  had  not  hinder'd  the  ellablifliing  .1 
regular  commerce,  this  advantageous  trade 
would  have  already  b.cn  fettled,  and  a  vafl: 
number  of  people  enrich'd  themlelves  by  it : 
but    in  a  more  peculiar  manner  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Ca)t/<'^;',  becaufeofihe  fituation  of 
their  idand,  their  fea-^xjrt  town,  and  great 
intrell  with  the  Indians. 

The  /'tY/  is  an  herb,  that  can  be  peel'd  as 
hemp  and  nettle^  with  us  ;  but  the  thrcaels 
arc-  finer  than  filk,  and  would  have  long 
finre  fupplantid  it,  if  it  had  been  alloweil 
to  be  tranfporLcd  into  Frame. 


The  Banilla  is  a  wceil  that  creeps  up  trees, 
as  ivy  docs  i  the  leaves  arc  of  a  bright  green, 
long,  ftrait,  thick,  and  pointed  at  the  ends. 
When  it  has  been  feven  years  fet  in  the 
ground,  it  begins  to  bear  i  kind  of  hufks,  full 
of  an  oily  matter  and  feed,  much  fmaller  than 
that  of  poppy,  which  they  ufe  there  to  per- 
fume liquors  antl  tobacco ;  and  in  France  and 
other  parts  oi  Europe  in  chocolate. 

The  Papayc  is  a  thick  fruit,  tailing  fome- 
what  like  a  cucumber  -,  of  a  round  fliape,  the 
item  tall,  but  Hcnder,  with  large  le.ives 
cleft  like  vine-leaves ;  the  tree  is  hollow, 
and  grows  in  a  year  fifteen  foot  high. 

The  ^■/av;;tf«-apple  is  long,  thick,  and  of 
an  orange  red  }  it  h.is  a  niar|)  t.ifte,  and  i; 
commonly  eaten  bak'd.  At  the  ^nd  of  this 
fruit,  is  a  grren  nut,  which  talles  like  Spardjh 
nuts  or  our  fdlnrts,  much  in  the  fliape  of  a 
little  flieep's  kidney;  the  fhell  whereof  is 
oily,  the  oil  ilaining  the  (kin  black,  fo  as 
it  eloes  not  rub  away  in  a  long  time  •,  and  is 
medicinal, and  very  l,;xa;ive.  The  plant  is 
a  round  fort  of  tree  like  the  chefnat-tree,  and 
the  leaves  in  form  anil  colour  refembling 
thole  of  the  bay  laurel.  The  wood  is  very 
fine,  proper  to  mike  houfliold  goods  ;  the 
Luliani  make  their  long  canoes,  which  they 
call  Piraguas,  of  it,  tho'  thefe  are  com- 
monly forty  or  fifiy  foot  long  :  it  has  been 
obferv'd,  that  wherelbevcr  the  juice  of  this 
.ipple  falls,  the  flain  cannot  be  taken  aw.iy, 
till  the  fcafon  of  thi:  apple  is  quite  over. 

This  province  oi  Gtiiauah  inhabited  by  imlimM. 
fun.lry  n.itions  or  tribes  of  Inlums,  who'"'"' 
pretend  to  be  defcendcil  from  the  race  of  the 
iMicient  hhiiun  Taos,  and  from  ihcJrowacca!, 
dwelUngfar  upthe  inland  beyond  the  equa- 
tor; of  whom  much  cannot  be  faid,  as  :o 
their  fituations  or  divifions  i'j  the  country. 
Ifliallonly  u\kc  Ibme  notice  of  thofe  that 
liwell  (.0  the  fouth  fouth-cafl,  and  call  of 
Cayenne,  according  to  the  difcoverics  of  lome 
French  jefuit  miffioneri  in  their  travels,  in 
the  year  1  ''74. 

The  naioii  of  the  Galibh  dwells  along 
the  fea-coaft  about  Cayenne,  anel  in  fome 
parts  of 'hat  ifland  ;  amongll  whom,  lome 
lew  A/ajrcvanei  are  rctiiM  from  their 
country,  near  the  river  of  the  .Imazons, 
to  avoid  the  perfecntion  o\'  i\k  Put  niguefe, 
and  of  thofe  Iniians  call'd  the  Anunes, 
dwelling  near  the  mouth  of  the  .Imazons. 

.South  of  the  Gahhis  arc  the  I^otira^ues, 
being  about  fix  or  feven  hundred  perfons. 
The  yl/cn/c/fj  are  on  the  welt- fule  of  them, 
et]ual  to  them  in  nundjcr.  The  Aaquas 
are  fouth  of  them,  at  two  ilcgrees  twenty- 
fi.-"  minutes  north  latitude,  anel  are  a  people 
honelt,  affable,  and  pleafant,  very  ready 
and  attentiv  ?  to  receive  what  is  faid  to  them. 
They  are  very  .'ludious  to  conceal  their  num- 
ber from  the  F.uropearr  \  however,  it  i:, 
guefs'd  they  may  be  ..bout  three  thouland  ; 


the  Province  of  Guiana. 


T^i 


:p5  up  trees, 
right  green, 
It  the  ends. 
!  fei  in  the 
)fhu(ks,  full 

fmallcr  than 
there  to  per- 
n  Frunce  and 
ttc. 

afting  fome- 
nl  fliapc,  the 

large  leaves 
:e  is  hollow, 

high, 
.hick,  and  ol 

t.iflc,  and  ii 
le  end  of  this 
•s  like  Spa;i}Jb 
lit-  fliape  of  a 
11   whereof  is 

black,  fo  as 

time  •,  and  is 

The  plant  is 
nat-trce,  and 
ir  rtfcmbling 

wood  is  very 
d  goods  ;  the 
5,  whicli  they 
icfe  are  com- 
; :  it  has  been 
:  juice  of  this 
e  taken  away, 
aite  over. 

inhabited  by  Imiimn/i- 

Iiiliaiii,  who ''»'"• 

the  race  of  the 
:\\c  Jrowacca;, 

ond  the  equa- 

be  faid,  as  -.o 
the  couiury. 
of  thole  that 
and  eall  of 

;)veries  of  (onie 

cir  travels,  in 

Jwells  along 

uid   in  fome 

whom,  fome 
Irom    their 
the  .Imazons, 
tl\e  Poi:i(gucji, 

the  A  rum  a, 
he  .Imazons. 

le  Nouraj^ues, 
indred  perfons. 
-fide  of  them. 

The  /laqiiiis 

grees  twenty - 
id  are  a  people 
t,  very  ready 
is  faid  to  them, 
ceal  their  nuni- 
however,  it  i:. 
iree  thoufand ; 
a 


a  very  warlike  people,  and  ufed  to  eat  men. 
A  Aourngiie  Indian  that  had  been  amongft 
them,  has  reported  to  the  jcfuitsof  C(»)f««r, 
that  fome  montlis  ago  he  came  from  them, 
and  that  then  tliey  had  jud  made  an  end 
of  boiling  in  their  pots  and  eating  a  nation 
they  had  deftroy'd. 

The  Pirhi  arc  a  n.ition  of  equal  force  with 
the  Aojuai,  lying  betwixt  them  and  the 
Merc'toiii.  The  Pii  wnciin  join  on  the  eall 
to  the  Piii)5  and  Magi/as  •,  and  in  the 
middle  of  ail  thefe  nation;  are  the  Moiviis, 
a  very  barbarous  people  \  the  jlracnreis, 
the  Pcilicows,  the  Mayes,  and  the  Cr^ujU'iulfs, 
wliofe  habitations  (land  more  tiiick  and  dole 
together  than  thofc  before  mentionM. 

TlK'fe  nations  fpeak  all  one  and  the  fame 
langu.ige,  and  are  undcrllood  by  t\\^Ca>a)ies, 
who  are  enemies  to  tlu:  Noiiragaei.     The  Iii- 
ilhm  f\)-  tlie  MiriDii's,  wlio  are  a  very  great 
people,  underlland  the  fame  tongue.     The 
linguigi;  of  the  Gidib'ts  has  a  f^nat  number 
ol'wurds  that  muft  be  pronouncM  with  very 
rough   afpirations,  others    cannot  be  pro- 
nounc'd  wiihotii  IliuLting  the  teeth  ;  at  ano- 
ther time  one  mull  fpeak  through  the  nofe  ; 
and  I'o'.netimesihLle  three  ilifficukies  all  oc- 
cur  in  the  lame  word.     The  G.iiii/is  idiom 
is   not  only  unJjifiood  by  all   the  nations, 
which   the  Sf.ii:i,u:!s  on   one  fide,  and  the 
Porlugiicfe  on  the   other,  have  obli;;'d   to 
retire  into  G((m;/,j,  but  alio  by  the  Ca'ailxs, 
who  are  the  natives  of  the  Aii:illei,  and  ufe 
this  language  ;  as  alfo   the  indians  of  Si. 
Vincent,  and  .V.',  Domingo,   and   others:  fo 
that  it  may  be  faid  to  be  fpoken,  for  the 
fpace  o!  above  fi)ur  lumdred  le.igues  on  the 
fea-coafts,  and    in   many   places   far  above 
a  hundreil  and  twenty  kMgiKs  up  the  coun- 
try. On  the  louth  fouth-well:  of  the  .■lio-jii.u 
are    the   Aramfus,    whole    idiom    borders 
much  on  that  ot  the  Ct.i'.lhis,  h.iving  a  i',n-at 
many  of  the  fame  word,  in  it,  tho'  tiuy  are 
unacquainted  with  cli.it  nation.     By   there- 
port  of  the  Xotird^uet,  the  .1  .tm-.iai  are  a 
very  good  fort  of  |' .ople.     It  there   be  a 
iakeot  P.mma,  this  nation  cannot  be  forty 
leagues  from  it  on  the  north  fide  ;  but  none 
<if  thele  nations  can  give   the   leafl:  in'.elli- 
<:,ence  of  ir,  nor  even  the  //>,»«//;»,  who  are 
fituated  towards  the  fourcc^o*"  the  river  M.t- 
roiii,    the   mouth    (.t    which  is  about    fifty 
leagues  ti-om  C.~\cny.e  'vellw.ird,  and  tiiiriy 
from  the  river  of  Siuin.im,  where  the  Di<!cb 
have  a  fort  and  a  colony  •,  and  are  in   the 
lame  longitude  wherein  the  maps  plac    the 
calh  rn  parts  of  the  lake  ol  Paiima. 

The  nation  ol  ihc  Sar axes  dwells  next  to 
the  (iahhls,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river ///ro- 
nqne,  which  is  fourteen  or  fifteen  leagues 
c.ift  oi  Cayenne.  The  Arovagna,  t\\(:  .Iro- 
tiles,  the  I'lws,  Arvaqucs,  Caraibcs,  and  o- 
ther  Imhan  nations  lie  towards  the  river 
Oi'inoqiie,  weft  ward  of  Cayenne  ;  having  i 


great  lake  in  their  country,  into  which  the  Ra-j"  .t. 
Uronoque  flows  through  four  llparate  and^V^ 
parallel  branches.  The  Caraibci  call  them- 
fclves  Callinago  \  they  lived  in  Guir.nn  with 
the  Gixiibis,  of  whon  they  made  a  part  ;  buc 
fincc  threw  themlclves  into  the  Carihbee 
illands,  th  fartheft  eaft  in  the  north  fea  : 
and  thoid  iflands,  having  been  polfcfs'd  in 
the  beginning  of  the  lalt  century  by  the  Eit- 
topea/.s,  it  has  oblig'd  them  for  the  moft 
part,  to  return  to  the  great  continent  of 
Ainetha,  and  into  Guidr.n,  from  whence 
they  came  originally  ■,  others  remain  in  the 
AniiUcs  to  this  time. 

The  other  hulun  nations  before  men- 
tion'd,  it  is  believ'd,  retir'd  from  the  ifland 
dc  la  Trwidad,  or  from  the  provinces  of  the 
Oronoque,  from  the  Sjiiiiiiirdi ;  wht)  are  at 
continual  war  with  the  Cnraibcs  living  in  the 
inland,  and  at  the  fea-coaff.  They  all  live 
iiniler  the  jurifdidtion  of  their  C;  -iqiies  ;  they 
have  very  little  of  religion,  efi)ecially  the  Ci- 
rrt;i(?f,whoare  without  laws, and  learce  believe 
a  deity  :  however,  fome  have  their  Pecajoa,  or 
priells,  and  believe  the  immortality  of  the 
foul.  And  when  any  Cacique  or  commander 
ilies,  they  kill  his  Haves,  to  wait  on  andfervc 
their  mailer  in  the  other  world. 

Thefe  nations  love  war,  for  want  of  other 
exercife.  The  C'fl;vii/v,<,  when  in  the  field,  to 
make  fome  incurfion.s  on  their  nciglibours, 
are  fo  very  mueh  afraid  that  any  of  their 
army  lliould  be  tiken  by  furprize,  that 
they  fend  out  detachments  every  hour,  and 
place  guards  in  places  of  difficult  accefs, 
as  ingenioufly  as  regular  forces  in  F./irofe 
can  tio.  '.''hole  that  live  on  the  fea-coaft, 
hav;  learnt  of  the  Sianiardi  to  ufe  fire-arms. 
Molt  of  thele  Cataibes  feed  u;-'(v,  human 
fiefli  broil'd.  The  Galihif  are  pretty  la- 
borious, and  cultivate  their  lands  proporti- 
onable to  the  wants  of  their  families.  Thole 
people  i!o  not  jiutany  great  value  up/ongold 
or  filvcr:  tliey  truck  hamocks,  ;iIi)es-wooil, 
monkeys,  ,ind  parrots,  tor  fome  hatchets, 
bills,  knives,  looking  glafles,  and  other 
finall  wares  ;  but  particulirly  for  ')'ddrs, 
tnat  is  a  green  ftone,  which  they  value  very 
much,  believing  it  has  a  Ihvereign  virtue  a- 
gainll  the  filling  ficknek,  to  which  they  are 
v.ry  fubjeft.  They  have  a  tempcr.uc  air, 
and  great  abundance  of  miiz,  ananas,  plan- 
tains as  large  as  an  egg,  and  a  finger's 
length,  of  an  excellent  talte  ;  a  great  deal 
of  aloes-wood,  brazil,  balfim,  cotton,  filk, 
and  fpices ;  abundance  of  apes,  and  ba- 
boons with  long  tails,  very  large  and  llat- 
noled.  The  turkeys  have  black  feathers 
on  the  head,  as  herons. 

The  Guiana  Indi.uis  are  generally  red,  of 
a  middling,  or  rather  low  Ifature,  of  a  lo- 
burt  Ibong  conlVitution,  having  black,  long, 
„nd  lank  hair;  going  all  na!:ed,  their  privy 
parts  cover'donly  with  ,i  little  cotton-welt, 

hanging 


m 


It.  ^     *'  'ii? 


■t.  h' 


MM 

'';pif-'t':, ' 


:;'-!>ii'i. 


'  'y0&.^ 


\:\ 


mi 


n 


i  ij 


'■p-j 


KH 


Pl^t 


'Mr      f 


^^i 


j4  Description   of 


P Minor  hanging  down  to  the  legs.  The  women  are 
"•''V^'  fliorcer  generally  ih;in  the  men,  and  of  a  red 
colour,  but  tolerably  handlbme  ;  their  eyes 
for  the  moft  part  blue,  and  very  regular  fea- 
ruresin  their  faces,  and  well  framed.  They 
ufe  a  piece  of  cloth  about  fix  inches  fquarc, 
which  they  call  Cnmifa,  ufually  wove  in 
ibipes ofdivers  colours,  and efpecially  white, 
which  is  the  moll  valuable  among  them. 

The  men  cut  oil"  their  beards,  dye  their 
faces  with  Rocou,  and  cover  their  arms  and 
faces  with  fevcral  folds  of  the  fore-men- 
tion'd  fort  of  cloth  ;  ilicy  wear  by  way  of 
ornament,  a  fort  of  crown,  or  garland,  ot 
it  athcrs  of  fundry  colours,  and  bore  a  hole 
iictween  their  nollrils,  where  they  hang  a 
little  piece  of  money,  or  a  large  knob  of 
<!;rieii  Hone,  or  raih.r  cryllal,  brought  from 
llie  rivLT  of  the  yl.nazciis,  which  tliey  put  a 
great  value  on:  particularly  one  whole  na- 
tion of  them  make  a  large  hole  in  their  lovvir 
lip,  through  wiiich  they  puta  piece  of  wooil, 
r.nd  to  it  they  fallen  tiiis  cryftal.  Ail  tiie  o- 
therncigiibouring  fmlian  nations  have  their 
p.uticular  marks  of  dillinclion  after  this  man- 
ner, differing  fomewhat  from  one  another. 

Thefe  liiiluim  are  generally  of  fuch  robufl 
conllitutions,  and  live  lb  long,  that  they 
reckon  a  man  dies  young  at  a  hundred  years 
of  age. 

They  are  endued  witii  indifferent  good 
fenfe,  their  long  lives  fcrving  them  to  gain 
experience,  and  improve  their  judgment  in 
fuch  things  as  arc  within  the  reach  of  the 
light  of  n.iture. 

They  are  induflrious,  ingenious,  patient, 
and  fkilful  in  filhing  and  hunting  ;  fpend 
the  greatcll  part  of  their  time  in  thofe  exer- 
tifes,  and  fpare  no  pains  to  get  their  liv- 
ing, being  more  inLJin'd  to  peace  than  war; 
which  yet  tliey  engage,  in  cimer  upon  a  jull 
quarrel,  revenge,  or  p  )inr  of  honour  :  they 
oblerve  their  pronn  cs  to  each  other  cx- 
adlly  -,  and  will  not  do  to  others,  what  they 
would  not  have  others  do  to  them. 

ft  once  liappencd  tliat  feveral  of  thefe  na- 
tions near  the  Amazom,  entred  into  a  league 
agaiiill  another,  and  were  about  a  year  mak- 
ing great  preparations  for  war;  which  at  lafl 
ended  in  one  nigiu's  expedition,  furprizing 
two  or  three  Catbdi,  lb  they  call  their  ham- 
lets, or  villages,  wliere  they  burnt  about  an 
hundred  perfons  of  all  (t-xes  and  ages,  and 
return'd  liome  as  proud  and  fierce,  as  if  they 
had  coi.quer'd  the  wliole  country.  Other 
wars  are  leldom  concluded  till  they  make 
forty  or  filiy  of  their  enemies  prilbners,  whom 
afterwards  they  either  kill,  boil  in  their  pots, 
.ina  eat  .is  the  Sora^ues  dc  ■,  or  Id!  them 
to  the  F.u  ojeam  at  the  coafl  for  flaves. 

This  barijarity  feems  in  them  to  be  ra- 
ther the  effedl  of  an  ancient  ill  cuflom,  to 
eat  the  flefh  of  their  enemies,  than  a  natu- 
ral difpoftiion  ;  for  they  fcem  to  be  allum'd 


of  it,  when  an  European  reprefents  to  them, 
in  their  language,  that  by  the  laws  of  God 
we  arc  forbid  to  kill  an  enemy  when  he  is 
taken  prifoner,  and  much  more  to  eat  him  ; 
and  they  donotoffertoreply  toit:  and  fome 
of  the  principal  Acoquas  have  appear'd  full 
of  indignation,  when  they  heard  that  fomc 
Galibis  infinuated  we  (hould  be  roafted  by 
them,  if  we,  I  mean  the  Eurofcans,  (hould 
venture  to  travel  through  their  country. 
Whence  it  may  be  infer'd,  that  tho*  this 
barbarous  inhuman  prafticc  is  fo  much  efta- 
blilh'd  and  received  among  thefe  Acoquas, 
and  the  Noragues,  yet  it  (eems  to  be  no 
difficult  matter  to  reftrain  them  from  it. 

The  way  of  living  among  the  Acoquas 
and  Noragui-i  is  very  agreeable  and  has 
fomething  more  courteous  in  it,  iian  tiiat 
of  the  (ialibis :  for  inllance,  among  the  latter 
married  men  dine  every  one  apart,  and  the 
unmarried  eat  all  together  ;  and  all  the  wo- 
men, maids,  and  little  children  go  to  ano- 
ther fide  of  the  hut  to  eat :  in  this  parti- 
cular like  the  Blacks  of  Congo,  and  other 
parts  of  Africa.  But  the  Noragucs  do  other- 
wife,  for  the  hufband  eats  with  his  wife  or 
wives  and  children,  with  great  union  and 
agreement. 

They  are  generally  great  eaters,  and 
drink  little  or  nothing  at  their  ordinary 
meals,  rill  they  have  done,  and  then  com- 
monly drink  one  draught ;  but  when  they 
alTemble  together  for  warlike  enterprizes,  or 
to  begin  a  canoe.,  or  to  launch  it,  or  to  ad- 
mit one  into  their  council,  after  they  have 
expos'd  him  to  feveral  hard  trials ;  they 
make  extraordinary  rejoicings,  which  fre- 
quently hold  three  or  four  days,  continuing 
till  they  havedrank  upall  their  liquors,which 
is  what  the  French  cM,  I'uire  un  vin.  For 
thefe  occafions  they  make  three  or  four  dif- 
ferent ibrts  of  drink,  fome  of  which  be- 
come very  llrong  by  fermentation  ;  as  that 
which  they  --all  Paliiiut,  which  they  m.ikc 
with  Caffahi,  that  is  baked  more  than  ordi- 
nary. 

Their  common  diet  is  that  they  call  Caf- 
fahi,  being  cakes  made  of  the  Mandioca 
root,  baked  on  the  embers  ;  as  alfo  liid'um 
wheat,  fifh  and  fruit. 

There  is  a  root  cali'd  Cajf.ibi  in  feveral  Ciffab 
parts  of  America,  not  much  unlike  a  parlenip, 
whereof  there  are  two  forts,  theonefweet, 
the  other  poifonous.  Tlie  fwect  fort  the 
natives  eat  roafled,  as  they  do  yams  ami 
potatoes.  Of  the  poifonous  they  m.ike  bread, 
firfl:  prefTing  out  the  juice,  wliich  is  the 
noxious  pare ;  the  refl  they  grate  into  pow- 
der, and  ftrew  it  on  a  ilonc  by  degrees  over 
the  fire,  where  it  bakes  into  a  cake,  the 
bottom  of  which  is  hard  and  brown,  the 
red  rough  ami  white,  like  our  frying  oat- 
cakes. Thefe  they  lay  on  the  tops  of  their 
houfcsor  hedges,  where  they  dry  and  g'ow 

cr.lp. 


ts  to  them, 
,ws  of  God 
when  he  is 
Lo  eat  him  ; 
: :  and  fome 
ppear'd  full 
1  that  fomc 
roafted  by 
■anSy  rtiould 
:ir  country, 
at  the'  tlus 
»  much  efta- 
lefe  Aeoquas, 
IS  to   be  no 
:m  from  it. 
the  Aeoquas 
le     and  has 
t,    .han  tiut 
ing  the  latter 
irt,    and  the 
id  all  the  wo- 
LH  go  to  ano- 
in  this  parri- 
0,  and  other 
■ucs  do  othcr- 
li  his  wife  or 
It  union  and 

eaters,  and 
heir  ordinary 
,nd  thencom- 
lut  when  they 
:nterprizes,  or 
\  it,  or  to  ad- 
ftcrthcy  have 
trials ;  they 
js,  which  fre- 
rs,  continuing 

liquors,which 
iin  vin.    For 

ee  or  four  dif- 

cf  which  be- 

ition  •,  as  that 
they  make 

ore  than  ordi- 

they  call  Caf 
tlie  Mandwca 
as  alfo  Indum 

JM  in  leveral  Cidibi. 

ikcaparl(;nip, 

tiieone  fweet, 

fwect  fort  the 
do  yams  and 
,'  iii.ike  bread, 
which  is  the 
:uc  into  pow- 

y  degrees  over 
a  cake,  the 
d  brown,  the 

ur  frying  o.U- 

:ic  lops  of  their 
Iry  am!  p,'ow 
cr.l'p. 


the  Province  of  Guiani 


97^ 


Crifp.    In  Jamaica  they  are  frequently  ufed 
indead  of  bread,  and  fo  in  other  American 
iflands. 
palinot         Their  liouor,  call'd  Palinol,  is  made  of 
UiMtr.      Cajfibi,  baked  mo'    than  ordinary  ;  then 
they  pile  up  pieces  of  it,  one  upon  another, 
whild  hot,  and  keep  them  fo  till  they  begin 
to  grow  mouldy:    after  which,   they  mix 
them  with  potatoes,  .cut  in  finall  pieces,  as 
is  the  mouldy  Caffabi,  and  put  them  together 
into  great  earthen  vcflrcls  or  jars,   pouring 
a  proportionable   quantity  of  water  upon 
them,  and  fo  leave  all  to  ferment  and  work, 
till  the  liquor  !s  as  ftrong  as  they  defire, 
which  is  commonly   after  fix  days  fermen- 
tation.    Before  ufing,  they  commonly  ftrain 
it,  and  it  is  of  the  colour   and  confidence 
of  beer  i  but  much  better  tailed,  and  mote 
intoxicating  and  heady. 
Ojicou         The  Indians  make   many  oilier  forts  of 
li.pr.      liquors.    The  commoneft,  call'd  Ouicou  or 
Ouacou,  is  as  white  as  milk,  and  much  of 
the  lame  confidence,  made  of  Cfl^ii;,  baked 
after  the    ordinary    manner,  and  potatoes 
boil'd  with  it,  till  all  becomes  as  thick  as 
parte.     This  they    put    into  balkets  lined 
with   banana   leaves,    and  it  will    fo  keep 
good  a  month  ;  but  after  that  grows  four, 
unlefs  kept  in  a  cool  place.     When  they 
ufe  this  p.ille,  they  lleep  as  much  of  it  as 
tiiey  have  occafion  for  at  a  time,  in  a  fuita- 
blc  quantity  of  water,  and  when  diflolv'd 
ftrain  it,  if  they  have  time  and  conveniency  ; 
but  when  they  carry  this  parte  abroad  wich 
them  in  bafkcts,  they  only  rteep  and  drink 
it,  without  ftraining.     Some  aild  fugar  to  it, 
or  fugar-canes  bruifed,  which  makes  it  tafte 
like  Iwcet  barley-water,  being  of  that  co- 
lour and  confiftencc.    This  Ouacou,  made 
by  the  Indians,    is  much  better  than  what 
the  French  make,  becaule  the  former  ciiew 
the  CaJJtibi  and  potatoes  before  they  boil 
(hem    together,    which    is  commonly    the 
bufinefs   of  old  women,    as   I  obferv'd  at 
Cayenne  ;  befides  that  they   underftand  bet- 
ter what  boiling   it  requires,  to  be  in  per- 
fedtion  :  wl-Cicas  the  i'>-^«fi&  cannot  prevail 
witii  themlclves    to  chew  the  Caffabi  and 
potatoes,    that    fort   of  preparation  being 
dilagreeable  to  the  ftomach ;    and  I   mult 
own,  it  turn'd  mine,  to  fee  old  decrepit  wo- 
men chewing   the   Caffabi  and  potatoes  to 
mak('    thi-i  liquor,   and  Ipitting  what  they 
had  fo  mumbled  into  jars :  but  this  is  not 
naufeous  to    the    Indians,    becaufe  the  fer- 
mentation afterwards  carries  oft'  all  the  filth, 
as  it  does  of  wine  or  beer  in  Europe.     The 
Brazilians    make   this   liquor  cxaftly  after 
the   fame  manner  ;    and  the  women  of  the 
ifland  Formoja,  about  China,  are  laid  to  chew 
their  rice-bre.ul  or  pafte,to  make  the  common 
drink  of  that  country,  which  is  as  pleafant 
and  llrong  as  the  liquor  they  draw  from 
Vol.  V. 


the  palm-trees  in  other  parts  of  A/ia  andDARHrr. 
Africa.  V-rY>irf 

They  very  much  ufe  fi(h  and  flefh  bucca- 
need,  that  is,  dried  without  faking,  upon 
a  fort  of  grate  made  of  fticks  !:.id  a-crofs, 
about  three  foot  above  a  fire.  The  word 
buccaneed  is  well  known  at  Santo  Domingo^ 
and  the  pirates  of  thofe  parts  are  call'd  B^^^nj^fj 
buccaneers,  becaufe  they  often  live  upon  »^  ft 
flefh  and  firti  dry'd  after  that  manner.         ««»»''• 

Polygamy  is  generally  in  ule  among  them, 
and  there  is  no  perliiading  thofe  who  have 
feveral  wives  to  part  with  them.  Could  they 
be  broke  of  this  curtom,  and  of  the  other 
of  killing  their  enemies  in  cold  blood,  to 
eat  them,  there  would  be  no  other  difficulty  ^  . 
to  hinder  their  converfion  ;  for  it  has  been  '^^''''J' 
obferv'd,  that  thofe  few  who  have  but  one 
wife,  will  never  forfake  her,  not  tho*  rtie 
fhould  happen  to  prove  unchafte. 

It  is  reported  of  thefe  Indians,  that  when  Mm  /;/«# 
they  arc  abroad  in  the  country,  about  any  '"• 
bufinefs,  or  at  the  wars,  if  they  happen  to 
hear  that  the  wife  lies  in,  the  hulband  makes 
hafte  home,  binds  up  his  head,  and  lays 
himfelf  in  the  hammock  or  bed,  v/here  the 
neighbours  come  to  vifit  him  upon  his  ima- 
ginary illnefs.  Others  are  complimented 
upon  their  happy  delivery,  and  anfwer  the 
vifitants  accordingly. 

There  is  a  rtrangc  curtom  among  them, 
which  is  to  lay  the  infants  in  the  mud  or  dirt 
as  foon  as  they  are  born,  and  leave  them  there 
for  a  confiderable  time. 

They  live  feveral  of  them  in  one  or  more 
cottages,  which  they  call  carbets,  over  each 
of  which  is  a  captain  chofen  among  tiiem- 
felves. 

They  pay  great  refpeft  to  aged  men,  andcAiVyJ. 
the  chiefs  or  captains  of  tribes  among  the 
Noura^ues  are  commonly  phyficians,  to  cure 
tlie  reft  upon  occafion  ;  and,  according  to 
their  curtom,  morning  and  night  falute  all 
the  people,  from  the  oldeit  down  to  thofe  of 
fifteen  years  of  age.  The  chief  of  that  tribe 
in  my  time,  was  one  Camiciti,  father  to  one 
Inamon,  a  Piay,  or  dodor  among  them. 

Arithmetick  being  unknown  in  thefe  na-  Xumiir'_ 
tions,  when  they  would  exprefs  a  number '"^^ 
beyond  their  tale,  they  take  hold  of  a  hand- 
ful of  their  hair,  fitying  Enmira,  which  fig- 
nifies,  thus  much. 

They  compute  the  year  by  moons,  from 
one  to  ten,  and  then  begin  again.  To  exprefs 
twenty,  they  put  their  fingers  to  their  toes. 

The  women  till  the  ground,  fow,  plant,  ff^mtn 
and  reap  at  the  proper  feafons,  and  make""'  ''^'^• 
their  feveral  forts  o*^  !rink,  as  thofe  above 
mention'd,  and  others ;  of  which  more  here- 
after.   They  alio  drefs  the  meat  for  the  fa- 
mily. 

The  Carbets  or  villages  confift  of  feveral  vmM,ci 
houfes  or  huts  in  a  ring.     The  Galibis  in  »n4  Iho. 
7  B  »nd 


n 
1 

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'■•   ■    111;     I 


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A    DfiSCR  IPtlON    of 


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li:  '  !• 


i^l: 


Rahhot  and  about  Caytnnt,  build  houfes  of  planks, 

»-'V>^  three  iVnall  llorics  high.  The  ground-room 
is  for  a  kitchen,  the  firft  ftory  for  a  par- 
lour to  receive  vifits,  and  the  next  ftory 
to  fleep  iji  i  where  they  hang  up  hammocks, 
which  are  their  beds,  about  fun-fLtting,  and 
lie  in  them  ail  night  till  fun-rifing,  when  the 
wives  t.ike  down  the  hammocks  again,  and 
hang  them  on  the  props  of  the  houle,  form- 
ing .1  fort  of  uut-hall  or  room,  extending 
ten  or  twelve  paces  without  the  houfe.  This 
out-hall  they  call  Carbet,  and  from  it  the 
Europram  have  improperly  given  the  name  of 
Carbets  to  ihe  cottages.  The  true  Carbets  or 
out-houfcs  arccovcr'd  with  palm-tree  leaves, 
and  in  them  they  meet  and  fit  to  confult 
about  their  moft  weighty  alf.iirs,  which  is 
generally  done  with  great  folemnity  j  thofe 
who  arc  concerned  and  invited,  coming  from 
a'l  ('arts,  andftrangers  arc  commonly  lodg'd 
tlieie  all  night,  with  the  men  and  boys  of 
the  family. 

A'lhin,  Thefe  Iniiians  are  very  expert  at  their 
bows  and  arrows,  which  they  ufein  filTiing 
and  fowling;  with  fuch  dexterity,  that  they 
feliiom  inils  their  aim. 

Hummotki,  i  heir  hammocks  are  very  curioufly  made 
of  cotton  thread,  thick  and  ftrong,  very 
full,  and  many  of  tlicm  ay'd  red  with  Ru.ju  ; 
feme  of  them  with  fine  flourilbes  or  figures, 
very  cxadt  and  proportionable,  and  are 
moft  valued,  efpccially  in  t\x French  iflands  i 
being  much  ftronger  and  lafting  than  thofe 
of  Brazil,  which  are  fo  thin,  that  a  m.in 
may  fee  thro'  them,  and  have  great  fringes 
on  the  fides,  and  much  work  about  them, 
foingenioudy  made  by  the  Brazilian  women, 
that  fcarce  two  in  an  hundred  brought  from 
thtnce  are  alike.  In  Guiana  the  men  are  to 
paint  them  after  the  women  have  finifh'd  the 
web.  The  looms  they  have  in  both  coun- 
tries, are  two  round  fticks  about  nine  foot 
long,  a  id  three  or  four  inches  diameter, 
the  two  ends  whereof  lie  a-crofs,  on  two 
pieces  of  wood,  lying  eight  or  nine  foot 
from  the  ground,  more  or  lefs,  according 
to  tlie  length  they  defign  to  make  the  bed. 
The  other  round  ftick  hangs  diredly  under 
this,  to  which  they  mike  faft  the  warp  of 
the  bed.  They  ufe  a  kind  of  (buttle  thruft 
thro*  the  thread,  after  the  manner  of  our 
cloth- weavers  i  but  with  this  difl^erence,  that 
they  put  the  ftiuttle  thro*  thread  by  thread, 
one  above,  and  the  other  below,  which 
renders  the  work  very  tedious,  and  requires 
the  ftock  of  patience  they  generally  have. 
The  largeft  bed  is  carried  about  with  little 
trouble,  as  not  weighing  above  fix  pounds, 
and  ihe  Brazil  hammocks  not  above  three, 
becaule  thinner  and  finer.  They  have  con- 
venient ftrong  cotton  lines  at  each  end  to 
hang  them  up  any  where,  with  two  pegs  or 
great  nails.  The  Indiam  place  the  props  of 
tiieir  houfes  at  a  convenient  diftance  one  from 


nnother,  for  this  pofpofe  ;  and  ftldom  go 
out  upon  a  journey  into  the  country  without 
thefe  hammocks  t  and  when  they  will  no  to 
deep,  hang  them  up  by  the  two  ends,  fome- 
timei  upon  two  trees  at  ten  or  twelve  foot 
diftance,  and  fometimtfs  at  two  of  the  pofts 
that  fupport  their  houfes  or  Carbets. 

This  fort  of  beds  is  alio  ufed  throughout 
South- America,  to  carry  wounded  or  fick 
people  in  -,  thofe  that  are  appropriated  to 
this  ufe«  have  at  each  end  a  great  ring, 
through  which  they  put  a  pole  of  a  fuffi- 
cient  length,  and  ftrength  to  bear  a  man's 
weight.  And  thus  two  Indians,  one  before 
and  the  other  behind,  tarry  the  fick  man, 
fupported  in  his  hammock,  by  the  pole, 
which  the  porters  bear  upon  their  flioulders. 

They  commonly  fell  thefe  hammocks  to 
Eiiropeah>  for  two  hatchets  or  bills  a-piece, 
or  three  at  moft,  and  they  afterwards  lell 
in  the  iflands  for  confiderable  advantage  ; 
becaufe  every  pcrfon  there  muft  have  one 
of  them,  and  none  are  brought  from  any 
other  parts  but  Guiana  and  Brazil,  and  the 
laft  rarely. 

The  wcftern  Indians  of  Guiana,  i,  e.  the  rrc.,«,i 
Arovagues,  \.\\t  Aroatcs,  and  moft  other  na- *."•'""'"'• 
tions  about  the  Orimque,  nia!;e  their  ham-'''"''""" 
mocks  of  the   thread  of  Pile,  in  net-work. 
This  Pite  is  a  fort  of  flax  or  hem  j. ,  but  much 
whiter,  longer,    lighter  and  ftonger  than 
ours.     Of  this  kind  of  hemp  the  Indians 
there  make  cordage,  tackling  and  fails  for 
their  Piraguis  or  great  canoes,  as  alfo  fine 
thread  to  mend  their  arrows,  and  for  other 
like  ufes.     This  Pite  is  not  fo  apt  to  rot  in 
the  water  as  hemp. 

They  have  prodigious  plenty  of  wild- 
honey  in  this  province,  which  is  very  fweet 
and  good,  and  confequently  a  great  quan- 
tity of  bees-wax  may  be  gather'd,  if  well 
look'd  to.  Among  the  fevcral  forts  of  gums 
found  in  this  country,  is  the  yellow-amber, 
the  gums  Lemium,  CoUiman,  and  Raratia ; 
this  laft  is  black,  and  in  the  fire  fills  the 
houfe  with  an  exquifite  perfume :  is  alfo  a 
proper  balfam  for  wounds.  They  have  like- 
wife  jafper  and  porphyry  ftones. 

The  Gnl.bis  and  ot^er  Indians  make  very 
pretty  pots ;  as  alfo  bafl<ets,  which  they 
call  Pagara,  wrought  in  (uch  manner,  that 
water  cannot  penetrate  thcni.  They  are  of 
various  fizes,  according  to  the  ufes,  to  carry 
provifions  and  other  things  when  they  travel 
either  by  land  or  water. 

They  alfo  make  ufe  of  their  Coi-ls,  be- 
ing calabafties,  about  which  they  turn  cer- 
tain ornamental  figures  after  their  way, 
and  varnilh  them  with  feveral  colours,  to 
render  them  water-piiwf. 

They  make  their  long  Piras^uas,  and  thiirPiragui-. 
canoes  all  of  one  tree, but  are  a  pro^ligio.l^  I  ni> 
time  in  do. ng  of  it.     After  they  have  (dl'd 
a  tree,  proper  for  the  defigi,  ihey  hol'ow 


latiii,  i.  e.  the  V'^m-X 
loft  other  na- *.'■•""■'"''• 
!:e  their  ham-^'"'""'- 

in  net-work. 
\-\\\  but  much 
(longer  than 
p  the  Indians 
;  and  fails  for 
3,  as  a!fo  fine 

and  for  other 

apt  to  rot  in 


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' in'mii.': 


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tie  Prffoince  ef  Guiana. 


T?? 


it  with  a  hatchet  of  adz,  to  the  breadth  oF 
halt  a  foot,  and  about  the  fame  depth,  thro' 
the  whole  length  of  it.  This  done,  they 
hollow  the  reft  of  it  with  a  gentle  fire  •, 
and  this  work,  which  goes  on  very  flowly, 
continues  in  proportion  to  the  bulK  of  the 
piece  of  timber,  ;ind  to  the  length  they  have 
projeftcd  the  canoe  fhall  be.  Tiicn  they 
plain  or  fniooth  the  outfides  of  the  c.inoe, 
with  another  tool  fit  fbr  that  particular  work  \ 
all  which  tools,  they  get  from  the  French, 
and  other  Europeans,  as  (hall  be  hereafter 
mention'd.  By  this  method  tliey  are  a  very 
confiderable  fime  making  it  •,  but  on  the 
other  hand,  it  tends  much  to  the  duration 
of  theveflcl,  becaufe  the  worms  can  never 
pierce  ii  :  which  advantage  is  p.irtly  n>ving 
to  the  h.iidnefsot  the  timber,  tor  there  is 
fcarce  any  betwixt  the  tropicks  but  has  this 
quality,  as  has  been  oblerveii  bffore. 

The  Piraguas  of  war  of  the  Galihh  about 
Cnycnne  are  fo  large,  that  they  carry  fifty 
or  fixty  men,  with  fufiicient  provifions  for 
a  coarting  voyage  of  feveral  days,  and  even 
to  the  fouthern  Caribbee  iHands  ;  failing  thu 
on  the  northern  ocean,  a  hundred  and  fifiy 
or  two  hundred  leagues -,  and  in  calm  wea- 
ther fixteen  or  twenty  men  row  or  pad- 
dle with  their  Paga^es  or  paddles.  The 
poop  is  commonly  join'd  to  the  reft  ;  they 
mend  the  leaks  thereof,  caulking  it  with  a 
fort  of  fat  eartli :  but  the  water  in  a  fliort 
time  waftiing  it  away,  rhey  are  at  the  trouble 
of  putting  in  frefh  from  time  to  time  ;  and 
this  they 'call  refitting  or  mending. 

I  have  taken  care  in  the  profpe(5t  of  the 
town  and  fort  of  Cayenne,  to  draw  the  exact 
PuTE  ivf^^f''!  •'•"^  figure  of  the  Indian  Piraguas, 
fome  with  one,  others  with  two  fhort  and 
fniall  mafts,  and  fquire  fails  and  yards  ■,  to 
which  I  refer. 

The  chevalier  ile  Lczv,  tiie  Frer,ih  governor 
of  Cavennc,  about  die  year  1670,  made  a 
very  luctehful  attempt  by  Tea  on  the  Dutch 
tolony  at  IFialocf/,  with  the  Piraguas  ot  his 
auxil'ary  Ga:ibis  and  InJians,  driving  fix 
iiundred  Hollaiuicrs  out  of  their  fniall  fort, 
mounted  with  fomc  pieces  of  eannoii,  and 
.;t  tlie  liune  time  likewil'e  lieat  them  twice 
from  the  river  Jproagut;  wiure  they  liad 
alfo  a  l()rt  defended  witli  cannon  ;  and  rc- 
uirn'd  to  Ca\ennt,  with  a  confide  ral>lc  booty, 
of  whicl>  almoll  every  Frfch  inhabitant  had 
fomc  Ihare,  cipec  ially  ahundanec  of  linnen 
of  all  I'orts.  1  keep  to  this  day  fome  minia- 
tures in  water-colours,  taf  en  from  the  Dutch 
commander's  houle,  an>i  ^;ivcn  me  by  major 
<ie  Fcro'.les,  then  lieutenant-governor  of  that 
iiland  and  country. 

The  Indians  are  very  expert  it  their  bows 
anil  arrows,  which  they  makeufeof  as  well 
in  filliiiii;  and  fowling,  as  in  war.  Tliey 
iiave  alio  two  otlier  Ibrts  of  weapons,  the 
0-"  call'd  a  Roultou,  being  a  kind  of  club, 


f'tnch 


I«f«iij, 


of  a  very  ponderous  hard  wood,  having  a  Bar  hot. 
long  round  knob  at  one  end,  and  the  other  l^V^ 
flat,  but  about  an  inch  thick  ;  both  which 
will  knock  the  (touted  man  down  dead  at 
one  blow,  if  they  hit  the  head. 

They  carry  but  little  provifion  along  with 
them,  in  their  warlike  expeditions,  as  con- 
cluding they  (hall  fubfift  on  the  fledi  of  their 
prifon^-rs,  and  feaft  upon  the  fatteft  p.art. 
They  alfo  fell  them  for  (laves  to  the  French, 
They  give  a  fignal  with  a  fort  of  pipe,  that 
may  be  heard  at  a  great  diftance. 

The  commodities  tiiat  have  vent  among  coodi  Im- 
thefe  nations  are  hatchets,  bills,  knives, /'<"■"<' •<»<' 
looking-glafies,  beads,  hooks,  coats,  linnen '■'^'"■"''• 
and  haberdafhery  wares.  They  very  much 
value  our  hats,  coats,  (hoes  and  guns  in  the 
inland  country,  efpeciilly  in  that  of  the 
Acoquas.  With  thefe  goods  the  French  drive 
a  confiderable  trade  with  thole  natioiis,  and 
receive  in  exchange,  flaves,  dry'd  fifli,  ham- 
mocks, tortoife-fiiells,  poultry,  ebony,  and 
all  other  forts  of  fine  wooil,  timber,  Rocou, 
tobacco,  fruits,  fine  birds,  Sapajous,  and 
feveral  other  things  of  the  produdl  of  their 
countries  -,  and  employ  many  of  them  in 
their  fei vice,  at  very  ciieap  rates,  provided 
they  are  kindly  ufed.  In  my  time  alien 
was  to  be  had  of  them  for  a  two-penny  or 
three-penny  knife,  when  it  yielded  a  crown 
in  the  colony  of  C;  u-nur,  and  a  do/en  of  eggs 
forty  yo//j-,  which  thofc /«,/;V(;/i  fold  bur  for 
a  two-penny  knife. 

The  iron  tools  proper  for  the  Indians  are/nw  loiU. 
of  various  fizes,  ami  of  different  value  in 
France,  fome  of  about  half-a-crown,  two 
(liillings,  twenty  pence, fifteen  pence  ;  being, 
as  I  have  laid,  hatchets  or  axes  i  bills,  fome 
with  wooden,  others  with  iron  hamlles,  in 
die  focket  of  wliich  they  may  be  fix'd  or 
taken  off  at  plealiire ;  and  fuch  little 
[ilaining  axes  are  ufed  tor  hollowing  the  in- 
fide,  anil  others  lor  linoothing  the  outfide 
of  tlieir  c.inoes  and  Piragu.is,  as  has  been 
already  obferved. 

For  a  very  inconfiderahle  value  of  thefe 
iron  tools,  if  they  have  occafion  for  them, 
they  undertake  to  load  ,1  fmall  (hip  entirely 
with  a  lort  ot  filh  they  catch  in  the  rivers 
with  harping-irons;  and  this  they  perform 
fo  jullly,  that  the  French,  who  follow  the 
filh  trade  by  their  means,  find  a  very  great 
advantage  ;  becaufe  the  vent  of  the  filh  is 
always  fpeedy  and  certain  in  the  ifiands, 
where  there  is  a  s^re.it  confumption  of  it : 
lb  that  this  liirtot  fiOi,  and  the  fea-tortoife, 
arcanfwcraLile  toc'icl-filli  in  the  continent, 
and  the  Caribbce  ifiands. 

The  fidiing  trade  is  praftifed  all  theyearp,y;  ; 
in  molt  of  the  rivers  on  this  coaft  i  but  that 
of  toitoifes  hoKlb  only  thtee  or  four  months, 
when  the  females  come  to  lay  their  eggs  in 
the  fand,  above  the  high-water  marks,  and 
that  in  ib  great  abundance,    in  places  or 

(hores 


iMllf- 


;jv' 


1  I 


i  ii:i 


m 


it 


u 


■';k*'  'if,/ 


it''!': 


n\iinor. 


A  Description  of 


Vi\'«)i. 


Kf'i' 


I..C.I. 


.;,  17.'. 


(horrs  lead  t'requented,  as  can  hadly  be  be- 
licvM  :  five  men  can  turn  as  many  in  a  night 
as  fifty  can  ilrels  in  a  week  •,  for  it  is  only  in 
the  night-time  theiortoifes  lay  their  eggs, 
when  tlicy  turn  them  on  their  backs,  and 
they  can  never  recover  their  feet,  and  con- 
fequently  not  go  back  to  fea  again.  All 
perfons  there  allow  the  tortoife  to  be  pood 
meat,  ami  indeed  the  (lom.ich  of  it  well  lea- 
fon'd  with  pepper,  fair,  iic.  and  bak'd  in 
an  oven,  i--  an  excellent  difli,  as  I  found  it 
at  the  governor's  tables  at  Cascnnc,  and 
Ciin.Lihiifc  ;  only  the  fatof  thefilh  being  .is 
!!;reen  as  grafs,  looks  a  little  difagreeable  bc- 
lore  one  is  ii.s'd  to  il. 

In  matters  of  religion,  the  Galihis,  Noii- 
i-i\r[itt's,  and  the  .//^y.'.'.j.i,  arc  all  alike. 

They  .ill  own  .i  God,    who  they  l.iy   re- 
fides  in  heaven,  but  ilo  not  determine  whe- 
ther he  is  a  Ipirit  or  no  ;  .md  Item  rather  to 
believe  he  li.is  a  body,  ,uid  pay  him  no  pi- 
•  iliar  adoration.     1  he  C,il:l>is  call  the  de- 
i;y  'TdmoKc-.c.ii'o  -,  Tamouci or  •Jamichi  in  their 
l.>!-giiage  fi;^iiifying  old,  and   C^/o  heaven  i 
i!i,U  is,  the  ancient    ol  or  in  heaven.     The 
N'rirngurs  and  Ai  "^quas  i:M  him  Mihc,  ami 
r.ver  talk  of  him  but  after  a  fabulous  man- 
p..r.     They    have   many    childilh    fuptrlli- 
lions,    bur  no  idols,  and   worlliij)  the  tun 
and  moon  ;  Ibmc  fay  the  flats  alio,  and  are 
very  much  atr.iid  of  the  devil,  whom  they 
call  IKitii/ui :  for  in  the  night,  if  they  hap- 
]icn  to  hear  the  cry  of  a  bird,  they  lay  to 
i'lK  anotiier,  //,('(•  hnv  lb:'  dcvd  crki.  Tliey 
])retenil  the  devils  ha\e  bodies,  and  that  their 
fl.icrs  or  priells   kill  ihem  with  great  clubs. 
Others  fancy  the  Pccitios,  fo  fome  alio  call 
•hole  prults,   tlo  converie  with  fr^itti/a  or 
the  devil,  at  certain  times  ;  anil  many  .iffirm, 
t!u  V  are  often  mofl  cruelly  beaten  by  him, 
whicli    on.ifions  a   mighty  dread  of    him. 
Ihe  .\oi{i\ig:irs  ot  one  village    place  the  fi- 
snireofaman  on   the  way   they   fancy  the 
devil  will  lai.e,  to  come  to  their  dwellings 
in  tlv  night  to  d.o  them  harm  •,  to  the  end, 
th.it   he  t.iking  that  figure  for  a  man,  and 
flopping  about  it,  the  Pltic^'  who  watch  for 
him,  may  take  that  opportunity  to  knock 
him  on  the  he.id. 

Their  dieams  are  to  thele  people  infle.id 
of  prophei.  ies  revelation,  and  rules  in  all 
their  undertakings;  whether  in  w.ir,  peace, 
((immerce,  or  hunting.  They  look  up- 
on them  is  oracles ;  and  this  opinion  puts 
them  under  a  necelTity  of  being  iiitiuly  di- 
rerted  by  them.  In  North  .Imcrhu,  they 
believe  it  is  .ui  univerfd  Ipirit  that  infpires 
their  dreams,  and  to  ad.viies  wh.it  they  are 
to  do  ;  which  they  carry  fo  f.ir,  that  if 
their  dream  dir.:fts  them  to  kill  a  man,  or 
commit  any  other  villainy,  they  always  put 
it  in  execution.  I'arenis  dream  lor  their 
children,  anil  the  capt.iins  lor  their  village. 
There  are  lome  among  iliem  who  prLtend 


to  interpret  dreams  ■,  and  tho'  the  inter- 
pretation prove  falfe,  they  arc  never  the 
worfe  look'd  upon. 

Thcfe  people  of  Guiana,  as  well  as  thofePnV/ffw 
of  other  ^.\rX&o)i  America,  have  their  jug-i''«i'"'- 
glers,  whom  fome  look  upon  as  forcerers  ; 
and  indeed  they  do  fuch  things,  as  would 
incline  a  man  to  believe  the  evil  fpirit  did 
alTifl  them  to  deceive  thofe  poor  creatures, 
to  divert  them  from  the  knowledge  of  the 
true  God.  They  are  wonderful  fond  of 
thofe  priefts,  tho'  they  perpetually  impofe 
on  ihem.  They  pretend  to  the  fpirit  of 
prophecy,  nnd  to  a  fupernatural  power,  in 
procuring  rain  or  fair  weather,  calms  or 
llorms,  fiuittulnefs  or  barrennefs,  and  mak- 
ing hunting  lucky  or  unlucky  :  they  are  alfo 
phyficians,  but  do  nothing  without  a  fee  or 
reward.  Thus  they  gain  the  reputation  of 
men  1)1  great  fandity,  and  cxiraordinary 
i|aalificaiions,  tho' generally  of  a  lend  con- 
verlation.  They  ut'e  (Irange  contorfions, 
and  make  horrid  cries  when  they  praftifc 
their  juggling  arts,  and  are  very  clever  at 
night  of  hand.  All  their  cures  and  predic- 
tions are  merely  accidental  •,  and  they  have 
a  thoufand  fetches  to  delude  the  ignorant 
people  when  they  milcarry. 

The  French  mifl'ioners  report,  that  in  their 
miflions  through  thefe   nations,  in  queft  of 
the  lake  of  Parima,  they  found  the  Nou- 
r agues,  as  well  as   Iiiwiion     their  chief,  to 
take  ilelight  in  hear'-ng  their  difcourfe  of  the 
creation  of  the  univerfe,  in  their  language  -, 
and  were  very  ready  to  repeat  after  them 
thefe  words ;  God  made  the   heavens,  Gcd 
made  the    earth,    i^c.    And  that  tho'    they 
heard  they  condemn'd  their  cullom  of  tak- 
ing two  or  three  wives  at  a  time,    yet  they 
laid  not  a  word  againft  the  chriftian  law,  for 
allowing  only  one  woman  to  a  man.  They 
fay,  thefe  people  are  docile  and  pliable  ;  and 
were  to  well  pleafcd  to  hear  the  hymns  of 
the  church,  that  they  commonly  fang  three 
times  a-day  to  their  great   latistaftion  •,  and 
that  even  fome  of  them  learnt  to  anfwer  to 
the  litanies,  which  they  fang  every  evening 
during  their  flay  in  Imanon's  carbet  i  aiui 
made  all  the  children  fiiy  their  prayers  morn- 
ing  and  evening,  bapti/.ing  Ibme  ot  them, 
and  Ibme  women,  and  Imanon's  chiki  that 
wai  very  fick ;  but  could  never  perfuatle  him 
to  fori'ake  his  juggling  tricks   and  divin.i- 
tions,    n.ucli    lels   the  plurality   of  wives. 
They  alio  perluaded  fbnie  youngmen  alreaily 
marry'd  never  to  take  a  f'econd  wife  whilll 
the  lirfl   livM  ;  .ind  add,  that   of  twenty- 
four  perfoiv,,  there  was   not  above  three, 
but  took  very  great  delight  in  their  iiillruc- 
tions  in  the  chrilli.m  faith. 

During  their  abode  with  this  people,  a 
ferpent  ( .ime  in  the  night  into  the  hut,  where 
the  inilTioners  l.iy,  .mil  bit  a  hound  -,  (o  that 
he  died  in  tlu.ty  hours  alter.     The  thici  ot 

the 


'    S  ;!. 


lu 


n  ii 


the  Province  of  Guiana. 


9f7 


re  never  the 


the  cott.igp,  and  the  owner  of  the  dog,  at- 
trihuttd  this  accident  to  the  prayers  which 
they  fang  ■,  lb  tliat  they  duru  not  fing  any 
more,  but  conttntcd  themfelvcs  to  make 
every  body  lay  their  prayers,  except  the 
three  before  ni/iiridn'd  incredulous  perfons, 
namely  the  chief  CamLui,  and  two  other  old 
men. 
Account  of  In  the  country  of  tlic  /f,-nqu/t<,  fome  of 
aifiomn.  their  guidis  of  tlieir  own  accord,  after  fup- 
per,  fang  in  the  tune  of  the  churcii,  Swula 
Maria,ora pro  nobis  ;  having  been  yet  tauglit 
no  more,  and  as  tlicy  coatinu'd  the  litanies, 
they  anfwer'd. 

The  /Icoquai  were  mightily  pleas'd  to  fee 
tlie  litiropiam,  and  in  three  days  became  lb 
familiarly  actjuainted  with  ilie  mifTioneis, 
that  not  one  of  them  refus'd  to  pray,  but  did 
it  every  day,  morning  and  evening.  As 
they  advanced  farther  into  that  country, 
thofe  that  lived  a  day's  journey  more  remote, 
hearing  the  news  of  their  arrival,  came  to 
ice  them,  and  admir'd  their  garments,  their 
guns,  the  piiftures  in  their  breviaries,  their 
writing,  and  the  fongs  of  the  church,  which 
they  defired  to  hear  feveral  times  in  a  day  : 
they  alfo  heard  their  inflrudlions  with  at- 
tention, and  feem'd  to  have  very  good  fen- 
timents,  and  to  be  much  affeftetl,  when 
tliry  told  them,  that  formerly  the  people  of 
France  were  ignorant  of  God ;  and  that 
Ibme  good  people  came  thither  who  taught 
them,  that  there  was  a  God,  who  would 
make  them  happy  forever  in  heaven,  if  they 
lerv'd  him  dutifully.  That  they  were  come 
into  that  country  to  do  them  the  fame  good 
office,  that  they  might  go  to  heaven  as  well 
as  they,  if  they  pertorm'd  the  fame  iluties. 
Some  of  thofe  nations  believe,  tliat  good 
men  after  this  life  are  carried  to  heaven, 
which  they  tall  C,iii/o  ;  and  that  the  wicked 
go  <iown  into  the  earth,  which  by  them 
Iscall'd  Soy. 

The  natural  difpofition  of  the  Noiiragiies 
and  jicoquas  is  mild  ;  but  the  more  remote 
the  Noiir.igucs  live  from  the  fea,  the  more 
tradable  they  are:  for  the  frequent  inter- 
rourfe  they  have  with  the  Indians  on  the  fea- 
coafls,  renders  them  more  difficult  to  be 
treated  with.  The  Acoqiiai  are  quite  ano- 
ther fort  of  people,  than  the  inhabitants 
of  Cayenne  imagine  them  to  be ;  for  they 
look  upon  them  as  fierce,  cruel,  and  per- 
fidious to  their  guefts -,  and  it  is  true,  they 
have  not  long  fince  extirpated  a  fmall  na- 
tion of  Iiidi(in<,  and  eaten  Ibme  of  them: 
but  this  inhumanity  is  rather  the  vKcA  of  a 
barbarous  cuftoin,  than  the  natural  difpo- 
fition of  the  people,  as  has  been  before  ob- 
ferv'd  i  and  tho'  the  fame  is  praftis'd  by  the 
Nnuragues,  it  leems  to  be  no  difficult  tafk  to 
break  them  of  that  favage   praftice. 

Thcfe  Induvn  are  of  a  much  gentler  na- 
ture than  the  Cbtriguanas,  of  the  country  of 
Vol.  V. 


Unit 
uitri. 


the  Amis,  caff  of  the  province  of  tas  CI  ami  Bah  i*.  •  r. 
in  Peru,  of  whom  we  have  an  aciount,  ciiut  ^'OT*', 
they  made  excurfions  upon  their  neighbours, 
only  to  feed  on  them,  devouring  all  the  pri- 
Ibners  they  took,  without  fparing  age  or 
fex  i  and  drank  their  blood,  as  foon  as  they 
had  cut  their  throats,  that  no  part  might 
be  loft.  That  not  fatisfied  with  eating 
their  neighbours,  their  barbarity  extended 
to  their  neareli;  relations,  on  whom  they 
alfo  fed  when  dying  naturally,  or  by  any 
accident ;  after  which,  they  join'd  all  their 
bones,  with  much  lamentation,  and  bury'd 
them  in  hollow  trees,  or  clifts  of  rocks,  as 
may  be  feen  in  Gnrcilnffo  Je  la  Vega^i  hifto- 
ry  of  Peru,  lih.  i .  rap.  i  2 .  who  adds,  that 
not  only  thele  Chiriguanas,  but  alfo  the 
people  about  cape  I'ajfan,  on  the  South-Sea, 
and  feveral  others  in  thofe  parts,  were  fo  ad- 
diiled  to  this  inhumanity,  that  they  had 
publiek  fliambles  of  human  flefli,  part 
whereof  they  minced  and  fluffed  the  guts 
with  it,  like  our  faufiges.  Peiiro  de  Creza. 
mentions  the  fame  thing  in  the  twenty-fixtli 
chapter  of  his  hiffory,  and  fpeaking  as  an 
eye-witnefs,  fays,  this  went  fo  far,  that  they 
did  not  fpare  the  very  children  they  had  be- 
got themfelves  on  foreign  Women,  taken 
prifoners  in  their  wars,  with  whom  they 
had  to  do  ;  keeping  thofe  children  very 
daintily  till  thirteen  years  of  age,  when 
they  kill'd  and  eat  them  ;  and  the  fame  they 
did  by  the  mother,  when  fhe  could  bear 
no  more  children. 

After  the  French  milTioners  had  been 
twelve  or  thirteen  days  among  the  Acoqiias, 
and  receiv'd  due  information  from  thofe 
people,  concerning  the  lake  of  Parima,Ki)  Ukt  cf 
afking  feveral  of  them,  whether  they  didfa^'na- 
int  know  of  a  valV  place  of  water  like  the 
fea,  the  land  of  which  is  Caraco'.i,  fo  they 
call  gold,  filver  and  copper,  none  of  them 
was  able  to  give  them  the  leall  intelligence 
of  it  i  but  laid,  that  to  the  fouth-well  of 
their  country,  was  the  nation  of  the  Ara- 
mifai,  fituate  towards  the  fource  of  the  river 
Maroni,  the  mouth  of  which  is  about  fifty 
leagues  from  Cayenne  weftward,  as  has  been 
obferv'd  -,  and  by  the  miffioners  computa- 
tion the  Araimfas,  a  very  great  nation,  are 
in  the  fame  longitude  in  which  the  maps 
place  the  lake  of  Parima. 

Thus  feeing  they  could  get  no  manner  of 
intelligence  of  the  lake  before  mention'd, 
the  air  growing  unwholefome  by  reafon  of 
the  excelFive  heat,  at  the  latter  end  of  May, 
when  there  was  very  little  wind;  which 
feldoni  fails  to  blow  in  thofe  countries  and 
which  renders  them  habitable :  and  one  of 
the  laid  miffioners  being  taken  ill  with  a 
tertian  ague,  and  the  (li  ongefl  of  their  fer- 
vants  alfo  very  fick  •,  they  confented  with 
their  gmdes  to  return,  fince  they  were  not 
willing  to  conduft  thcttl  any  farther,  or  to 
7  C  fuffer 


iH  1 


|i 


FM'  '; 


i'^  ll:«;i!l 


f"b  i.'- 


¥:m^- 


iilii'  P- 


'■'..}■• 


??8 


A  Description  of 


Barbot.  TufTer  the  Acoquat  to  go  fetch  their  chief, 

^V^  dwelling  three  days  journey  from  the  place 

where  they  were,  with  whom  they  would 

have  made  an  alliance.    Their  three  guides 

grew  infolent,  fuppofing  it  was  to  honour 


next  day,  took  them  in  his  canoe,  bein^j 
himfelf  bound  for  Cayenne  and  Surinam, 
and  lodged  them  in  a  fmall  ifland  in  the 
river  Aproague,  at  a  pretty  dillance  from 
the  fea  ;  where  they  (laid  two  days,  and 


them  that  the  Acoquas  came  in  fuch  great  obferv'd  that  the  tide  rofe  there  eight  foot  i 
numbers }  when  in  all  likelihood  it  was  the  and  concluded  thence,  becaufe  it  covers  the 
curiofity  of  feeing  Europeans,  that  brought    lad  fall  of  the  river,  that  it  declines  but  eight 


them  together.  One  of  thefe  guides,  a  Mo- 
rouy  did  all  he  could  to  perfuade  thofe  peo- 
ple, that  the  millloners  ought  to  leave  them 
all  their  goods ;  and  they,  to  put  them  in 
hopes  of  their  return,  left  an  iron  tool  with 
an  Acoquir,  who  had  but  one  wife,  upon 
condition  he  fhould  give  them  a  great  ha- 
mock  when  they  came  again,  and  they 
would  give  him  a  bill  and  a  knife  more,  to 
make  up  the  value  of  it.  Tiiat  Indian  very 
well  knew  the  regard  the  mifTioners  had  for 
lawful  marriages,  and  promifed  he  would 
not  take  a  fecond  wife,  during  the  litl'  of 
that  he  had  already  liv'd  with  eight  or  nine; 
yc.irs,  and  haa  by  her  a  daughter  about  le- 
ven  y  "s  old. 
Jeurniy  of  Thu-  agreed,  they  imbark'd  on  the  river 
mijfmtti.  Camopi  in  two  canoes,  and  after  havirg 
p.il's'd  dangerous  falls,  with  fo  much  !  a- 
zard  of  their  lives,  that  a  ^a\xx\^Nourapie, 
wiio  had  never  run  the  like  rifque  before, 
laid,  Goii  is  good,  and  is  not  diigry  with  us; 


foot  in  the  fpace  of  twenty-five  leagues  from 
the  fea. 

Departing  from  this  ifland,  they  went  to 
Co  ;  the  next  day  they  faw  the  fea,  and 
many  Piraguas  of  the  Galibis  on  it,  mak- 
ing towards  the  river  of  the  Amazon^,  unJ 
fomc  Jndiiins  of  their  company  went  aboarti 
to  vifit  them.  Then  tliey  proceeded  coaft- 
ing  along  to  Maburi,  the  firll  plaec  to  land 
at  in  the  ifle  of  Cayitiic,  on  the  e.ill  ot'  it, 
which  ihey  got  alioiit  with  much  labour, 
the  ki  being  i"o  rough,  liiat  they  could  not 
veil  bear  u()  ag.iinit  it,  to  proceed  beyond 
Mjibiiri.  T!uK,  they  [perform 'd  a  voyage;.^,;,:. 
of  a  hunilred  ami  fevei.ty  leagues  from  the  fit,',,..'' 
country  of  tiie  Acoquas  to  Caytnn:  \  and  the-"' 
whole,  out  ami  home,  was  two  hundred  and 
forty  leagues  in  the  fpace  of  about  five 
months,  fuffermg  many  hardfliips  and  fa- 
tigues, becaulL-  iri  thole  parts  there  is  little 
or  no  accommodation  to  relieve  them  in 
their  fickncfs ;  and  tiie  lefs  one  carries  thither. 


they  came  to  the  place  where  they  were  to  the  better:  bcfides  that  the  ignorance  and 

go  by  land.,  betwixt  the  river  Inipi  and  Te-  barbarity   of  thofe  Indian   nations  always 

riapnril'o.    Theit   guides  being  loaded  with  gi'/e  a  miflioner  juft  caufe  to  fear  any  mif- 

hamocka  and  o-^her  things,  which  they  had  chief  upon  the  lead  difguft.    They  are  al- 

bought  of  the  Acoquas,   walk'd  fo  taft,  as  ways  forc'd  to  carry  with  theril  fome  CaJTa- 


the  In^'ians  are  wont  to  do  when  well  load 
cd,  that  they  left  them  five  leagues  from 
'Tenapribo ;  however,  they  got  through  with- 
out lofing  their  way,  by  following  a  path 
in  which  their  guides  had  thrown  little 
boughs  in  many  places,  where  it  was  not 
eafy  to  difcern  the  track,  to  fignify  which 
way  they  went.  Being  by  this  time  very 
ill  of  their  diftempers,  they  made  an  agree- 
ment with  the  firll  Nourague,  wlio  had  done 
them  fome  fervice  at  Caraoiiho,  tiiree  leagues 
from  Aproague,  he  i^eing  of  a  very  good 
temf"r,  and  tome  thither  with  two  otiier 
Nouragiies  of  the  I'.ime  place,  who  were 
willing  to  return  home  as  foon  as  they 
could.  Thus  they  went,  fome  in  a  canoe, 
fome  by  land,  to  CumiUi's  cottage,  and 
thence  taking  in  his  abfence  .i  fmall  thcfl 
they  had  left  before  with  him,  went  to  li> 
at  a  cotrag.  a  little  way  fartiier;  where  Cv- 
tttiali  at  his  return  from  hunting  with  his 
hound,  wailed  on,  and  offer'd  to  accompa- 
ny them  to  tlie  mouth  ol"  the  Aproagiif,  to 
the  cottage  of  the  chici  of  the  Siip.iys, 
whom  hen  ;d  .i  mind  to  vifit,  being  his  ve- 
ry good  Irieiui. 

Being  conir  to  the  cottage  of  tliis  chief 
of  the  6' J/ ay,',  they  w  re  kindly  eniertain'i 


hi  and  parte  of  Ouiccu,  in  hopes  to  find  ei- 
ther flfh  or  venifon,  with  the  afliftance  of 
their  Indian  guides,  and  here  and  there, 
torfa««^/ flelh  and  fifh.  However,  ifmif- 
fioners  of  a  vigorous  conftitution,  of  great 
virtue,  and  of  a  difpofition  ready  to  lutfer 
tiiofe  hardfliips,  v/cre  lent  over  fioni  Euroj,' 
in  a  lufficient  .lumber,  to  lettlc  for  a  tonfi- 
derable  time,  in  each  country  or  nation  ; 
it  ieeins,  there  would  be  a  great  profpeft  ol 
converting  a  vafl  multitude  of  thofe  peo)iif 
to  the  clirillian  faith,  and  a  great  field  open'd 
to  the  gofpel-labourers,  that  are  willing  to 
employ  themlelves  in  it  ;  as  well  as  to  dif 
cover  many  other  Iiuluin  nations,  whiih 
probably  might  alio  be  converted. 

Oftbe  ijland  0/  C  a  v  e  n  n  n. 
T  Promii'd  in  my  fhor:  defeription  of  the 
large  province  of  Cuian.i,  wlierLol  this 
illanii  IS  a  part,  to  give  a  partic  ular  account 
of  it,  as  being  a  place  famous  botii  for  the 
various  adventures  of  the  I'rc>icb  at  I'everal 
times  in  fettling  themltlves  there,  and  for 
the  many  battles  they  have  fought,  as  well 
with  the  native  Indians  as  with  Enrupeuns, 
tomiintaii)  their  ground:  wherein  they  have 
been  li)  fiKcerstul,  that  it  i>  now  one  ot  the 


Thi  m»p, 
Plate  jj. 


fefilUn. 


t'lidlh.     ( 


Civani 


and  a  chief  of  tlie  (jaLbn  airiving  there  the     nioll  (O  fi  i-r.ble.ind  a.lvaniageoui  colonies 


w 


tl 
tl 
ei 

ai 
n 
t( 


tr 
r; 
t\ 


w 

ft 

tJ 
a 


III 


It 


the  //land  of  Cayenne. 


??9 


loe,  being 
Surinam, 
nd  in  the 
ance  front 
days,  and 
eight  foot  i 
covers  the 
:s  but  eight 
agues  from 

ley  went  to 
:  fea,  and 
1  it,  mak- 

'.azotii,  and 
cm  aboard 
;dcd  coaft- 
acc  to  land 
call  ot  ii, 
ich  labour, 
y  could  not 
ecd  beyond 
I  a  voyage;,.,,,;,:^. 

.'S    from  the  ihrt  m. 

k:  -,  and  the""" 
liundred  and 

about  five 
lips  and  la- 
here  is  little 
;ve  them  in 
rrics  thither, 
lorance  and 
:ions  always 
ar  any  mif- 
'hey  are  al- 
fonie  Cajfa- 
s  to  find  ei- 

ITiftance  of 

and  there, 
ever,  ifmil- 
)n,  of  great 
dy  to  fulfer 

om  E'iro/e 

for  a  LOiifi- 

or  nation  ; 

prol'pcft  ol 

hofc  pLOj'li- 

field  opun'd 
re  willing  to 

ill  as  to  dif- 

oils,  whiih 


N  E. 

)tion  of  the 
ivhertol'  this 
iilar  actount 
both  tor  the 
at  leveral 
re,  and  lor 
;Kt,  as  well 
Eiirupeunst 
m  tJK-y  have 
V  one  ot  the 
oua  colonies 
It 


It  will  be  needlef:  ^  "Vy  much  of  the  cli- 
mate, the  foil  and  pr<.-^'  of  the  country, 
which  are  the  fame  as  in  l^  -ft  of  Guiana  \ 
1  fhill  confine  my  felf  to  v  :  >  more  pe- 
culiar to  the  ifland,  gather  i;  h.  my  own 
obfcrvation,  and  the  inform;.  ■  if  thofe 
cmploy'd  in  the  government,  und  of  the 
principal  and  moft  ancient  planters.  To 
jj,„a^_  this  I  have  added  a  moft  exaft  map  of  the 
j>iATE  3  J.  ifland,  which  was  prefented  me  by  Monfieur 
de  Ferolles  major  of  the  place,  and  a  rela- 
tion to  the  late  duke  de  Noailles,  and  to  the 
count  de  Blenac,  as  he  caus'd  it  to  be  taken, 
when  he  came  into  that  port,  after  the  death 
of  the  chevalier  de  Lczy ;  which,  according  to 
his  direction,  I  caus'd  to  be  engrav'd  at 
Roihel  in  a  large  flieet,  for  the  ufe  of  thecourt. 
tefii'm.  This  ifland  of  Cayenne  has  been  a  French 
colony  ever  fince  the  year  1625.  It  lies 
clofe  by  the  continent  of  Guiana,  and  only 
cut  off  and  made  an  ifland  by  the  rivers  Ovia 
on  the  eaft,  and  Cayana  on  the  weft  •,  from 
which  laft  it  takes  its  name,  as  may  be  feen  in 
the  map.  The  town  and  fort,  where  the 
great  road  is  at  the  mouth  of  tiic  river  Gui- 
ana, are  exaftly  in  four  degrees  fifty  minutes 
of  north  latitude,  and  three  hundred  thirty- 
two  degrees  of  eaft  longitude  from  Ferra.  It 
is  reckoned  about  eighteen  or  twenty  leagues 
in  compafs,  ftanding  high  on  the  coaft,  and 
looksatadiftance  like  part  of  the  continent, 
as  appears  by  the  profpedt  in  the  print  here 
inferted,  which  I  took  as  we  fail'd  along  the 
coaft. 
'nithxnJ  The  length  of  the  ifland,  from  the  river 
hi»M.  Ovia  to  the  river  Cayana,  is  about  feven 
leagues,  and  the  breadth  about  three. 

The  river  C(?)(7««  falls  into  the  north-fea 
on  the  weft  fide  of  it,  dividing  the  country 
of  the  Caraibes  from  that  of  the  Galibis. 

The  ifland  forms  three  principal  capes  or 
promontories,  being  thofe  of  Fori-Louis,  Se- 
perou,  and  Maburi.  It  has  much  meadow 
and  pafture  ground  in  feveral  parts  ■,  the  reft 
is  low  and  mar(hy,efpccially  in  the  middle, 
fo  as  to  be  almoft  impaflable.  The  edges 
of  it  are  moftly  cover'd  with  large  trees, 
which  we  call  mangroves,  having  that  pe- 
culiar quality  of  growing  in  fait  water,  fo 
thick,  deep,  and  wide  rooted,  that  from 
thofe  very  roots  other  trees  rile  up  without 
end,  lo  wonderful  clofe  interwoven  within  one 
another,  that  in  fome  parts  of  the  ifland,  a 
man  may  walk  leagues  on  them  without 
touching  the  ground. 

About  forty  years  ago  the  ifland  was  ex- 
traordinary unhealtliy,  beeaule  of  the  long 
rains,  whicii  Lifted  above  nine  months  in 
twelve,  but  efpecially  from  December  till 
June;  as  alio  beeaule  the  ground  was  clofe 
wooded,  and  fo  marfhy,  that  it  occafion'd 
feveral  forts  of  difeafis  among  the  inhabi- 
tants, which  in  a  more  particular  mangier 
affefted  young  infants,  inlomuch,  that  ma- 


Civina 


ny  died  almoft  as  foon  as  born,  and  others  BAai.ir. 
at  a  very  tender  age  :  for  which  reafon  the  *or<«' 
moft  fubftantial  planters  ufed  to  fend  them 
over  to  France  very  young,  to  preferve 
them  from  the  malignity  of  that  bad  air  •,iT:iheAhly 
which  is  now  nothing  near  fo  pernicious  to '''"""•• 
thofe  young  babes,  fince  the  land  has  been 
grubb'dup:  fo  that  they  grow  up  healthy 
and  ftrong.  Befides,  the  women  are  fafer 
in  child- bed,  and  the  generality  of  the  in- 
habitants lefsfubjcft  to  diflempers  than  they 
were  before  the  ifland  was  clear'd  of  moft  of 
the  wood.  However,  it  is  ftill,  and  will 
always  be  an  uncomfortable  place  to  live  in, 
becaufe  of  the  long  rainy  feafon '.  /ery  year, 
the  fcorching  clofe  air  night  and  day,  whicli 
difpiritsaman  5  and  the  heavy  fhowersand 
vapours,  exhal'd  from  the  fwampy  grounds, 
which  ftill  occafion  difeafes  in  men  and 
beafts,  tho'  not  fo  much  as  formerly.  Large 
cattle  particularly,  can  fcarce  live  there. 
They  are  alfo  continually  tormented  with 
gnats,  flies,  hand-worms,  ants,  bugs,  and 
other  forts  of  .  imin  -,  all  whicli  together 
renders  the  place  very  difagreeable  and  un- 
eafy:  for  which  reafon,  feveral  planters,  when 
grown  rich,  retire  into  France,  and  let  their 
plantations. 

The  foil  of  Cayenne,  by  reafon  of  the  con- SoH  unj 
tinual  rains,  produces  plenty  of  fugar-canesj  f"'''"^. 
which,  tho* fmall  and  fliort-jointed,  yield  very 
plentifully  :  alio  of  Mandwca  or  Cajfabi,  In- 
dian  wheat,  Rocou,  cotton,  /^avT/sH-apples, 
Banillas,  Pete,  Ebony,  Letter  and  Violet- 
wood ;  Ananas,  Tubcrofes,  very  fine  and  large ) 
Papaias,  and  feveral  forts  of  American  and 
European  grain  and  feeds,  befides  lemons, 
oranges,  indigo,  and  figs,  ifc. 

The  country  abounds  in  wild-boars,  call'd  ^irJi  «nrf 
there  Packs,    deer,   agontils,    wood-cocks,  btujh. 
ortolans,  nightingals,  arras,  occos,  toucans, 
parrots,  parroquets,  and  other  birds  only  re- 
markable for  their  feathers  •,  alio  Flamingos, 
birds  about  as  big  as  a  hen,  Hying  in  I'warms 
like  ducks  or  cranes ;  large  wild-ducks  with 
red  tufts  on  their  heads  ;  lizards,  camekoiis, 
and  very  large  ferpents,  fome  of  them  above  j,,^,„,j_ 
twenty-five  foot  long,  befides  many  fm.iUer. 
I  was  fliew'd  the  fkin  of  one  in  the  town 
twenty-four  foot  long,  kill'd  in  the  ifland,  in 
whole  belly  was  found  a  whole  fawn.     Ano- 
ther fliin  was  prefented  me   fourteen  foot 
long,  the  figure  whereof  is  in  the  cut.  Plate  16, 

In  relation  to  monftrous  lerpents  found  in 
South  America,  I  will  here  give  the  account 
I  had  from  one  monfieur  Cherot,  a  furgeon 
of  St.  Malo;  wlio  in  his  return  fromthe  i.nft- 
Indies,  in  the  year  1704,  having  put  into 
Bahia  de  fodos  los  Santos,  in  Brazil,  affirms, 
that  in  the  monaftery  of  the  jefuits,  at  the 
city  of  St.  Sa.vador,  one  of  thofe  fathers 
ftiow'd  him  the  fkin  of  a  munftrous  ferpent  Mmpem 
kill'd  in  the  country  fix  months  beforewhich/«^n». 
he  meafur'd  him  felf,  and  found  to  be  forty- 
two 


u 


N!/ 


■'\M  ^ 


:;l 


wm 


li,  j  ■•": 


tii-Ji| 


,'  I 


I  III.",',    •'  ^ 


ip^ 


limit 


5:^0 


^  Description  of 


IUrbot.  two  foot  in  length,  nnd  above  four  in  circum- 
v^V>^  fert-nce  •■,  and  adds,  the  jefuit  affur'd  him, 
as  a  linown  truth,  that  a  young  bullocic  had 
been  found  in  the  ixlly  of  it  almoll  whole. 
The  fime  monfieur  Cberat  affur'd  me,  that 
in  the  fame  city  of  St.  Salvador,  he  admi- 
niftcr'd  to  a  Black,  whofe  ftomach  and  belly 
rr»J(i<»«i  wcit  monrtroully  fwollen,  asif  he  had  been 
■worm  in  a  in  a  dropfy,  a  dofe  of  a  dram  and  a  half  ot 
'"■*"■         mercury  or  quickfilver,  which  brought  away 
from  him  by  llcol  a  prodigious  dead,  flat 
worm,  cover'd  all  over  with  thin  fmall  fcales 
like  a  fnake,  full  f;xty-fix  foot  long,  and  but 
a  quarter  of  an  inch  broad  ;  but  wanting  the 
htad,  which  had  been  diflblv'd  in  the  pati- 
ent's body.    This  worm  he  proteiled  he  had 
kept  a  long  time  in  a  bottle  that  held  five 
pints  of  liquor,  and  yet  the  worm  with  only 
one  piiit  of  fpirits  to  preferve  it,  almoll  fill'd 
the  bottle.  After  which  evacuation,  the  pa- 
tient recover'd  by  degrees. 

Leguat  in  his  travels,  if  they  dtferve  any 
credit,  fays,  there  are  ferpents  fifty  foot 
long  in  the  ifland  of  Java.  At  Batavia 
they  (till  keep  the  fkin  of  one,  which  tho' 
but  twenty  foot  in  length,  is  laid  to  have 
fwallow'd  a  young  maid  whole.  I  return  to 
Caserne,  where 

They  have  fine  tygers  fkins  from  the  /«- 
ciians,  fome  of  which  I  caus'd  to  be  made 
into  miifl's  at  my  return  to  Paris,  and  they 
were  there  valu'd  at  ten  Louis-d'or  each. 
There  are  alio  feveral  forts  of  monkey?,  fa- 
smjom.  pijous,  and  fine  Amazon  parrots  brought 
tiom  the  countries  about  that  river,  cafy  to 
be  tiught  to  (peak  dirtinftly,  but  very  dear, 
tor  I  g.ive  ten  crowns  for  one  of  them  my 
li-lf.  The  parroquets  are  commonly  about 
the  bignefs  of  an  ordinary  thrufb,  all  the 
body  of  a  lovely  (hining  green,  a  painted 
head,  and  very  long  narrow  tail  of  various 
colours  •,  the  feet  and  bill  white,  and  fome 
of  them  will  t.ilk  a  little.  I  have  inferted 
TiATE  7.  in  the  print  the  exaft  figure  of  the  fapajous 
and  parroquets  of  Cavc-MW,  drawn  from  the 
life,  and  chat  of  the  female  lamentins  -,  as 
alfo  of  a  rare  creature  about  as  big  as  a 
little  monkey,  which  I  otien  f.iw  in  the  uof- 
feflion  of  Mr.  Geo.  d'  Otin,  drugfter  in  jVt?a'- 
galf-Streetf  London,  about  the  year  170,^, 
w'lO  kept  it  in  his  Ihop,  and  was  prefented 
with  it  by  a  traveller  coming  from  the  Red- 
Sea  ;  who  brought  it  from  the  ifland  of  An- 
gouan,  one  of  the  CoWfra;,  lying  in  thirteen 
degrees  of  fouth  latitude,  between  the  coaft 
o[  Zangucbar  and  the  ifland  of  \fadagafcar, 
on  the  eaft  fide  of  Africa.  This  little  ani- 
mal's head  was  like  that  of  a  very  young 
la.Tib,  only  the  muzzle  fomewhat  fharpcr- 
pointed  i  the  ears  flat  and  open,  the  head 
and  neck  all  cover'd  with  a  fliort  curl'd 
wool  as  fine  as  fiik ;  the  body,  legs,  and 
tail  exadtly  I'kc  a  monkey,  only  that  the 
tail  was  mors  hairy.     The  noife  it  made 


was  like  afwine,  and  pl.iy'd  all  the  tricks  of 
a  monkey.     The  wool  on  its  head,  neck  and 
body,  was  grey  and  brown  ftriped.     It  fed 
very  greedily  on  walnuts,  and  was  very  full 
offport,  but  died  in  1704.    The  fame  fort 
of  animal  is  alfo  found  in  tiie  ifland  of  AfaJa- 
gafcar,  and  a\\[\\  Chilote  by  the  people  a- ^i;""- 
bout  the  bay  of  Maftls,  facing  the  channel  "  ■"'"■j-^ 
of  Mozambique  ;v/\\ert  It  breeds  in  the  woods, '""  '" 
(kipping  from  one  branch  to  another  on  rhc 
high  trees,  as  the  monkeys  do,  .and  hanging 
in  the  fame  manner  at  the  boughs  by  their 
long  tails. 

The  lea  about  Crtw'.'w  affords  large  tor-j,„,_ 
toifes,  mullets  of  twenty  jiounds  weight, 
yellowilh  large  M.Jcbnram  or  cu-iilhes, 
thornbacks,  and  other  forts  of  hfh  •,  .uid  the 
rivers  are  well  lloi'd  with  fuch  as  belong  to 
the  frefh  w.iter. 

In  my  time  there  were  not  above  fifteen 
fugar  piantaiions,  and  tour  or  five  of  Rocon 
or  Anotto  in  this  illind  ;  hut  there  are  at 
prelent  many  moic  of  the  tornier,  and  few 
or  none  of  the  l.itter,  ibr  re.ifons  I  fliall 
have  occafion  to  mention  here.ifter. 

Money  was  alio  very  fc.iree  then,  but  the  Si/i'ir, 
frec-booters  who  return'd  from  the  South- 
Sea,  the  meanefl  of  whom  h-.o  at  leafl:  two 
thoufand  crowns  for  his  fli\re,  bought  them 
habitations  there,  incitafec,  the  colony,  and 
render'd  money  current  among  the  inhabi- 
tants \  and  the  foil  of  the  ifland  being  foon 
worn  out  by  planting  of  fugar-canes,  fome 
liave  made  pl.iniations  on  the  adjoining  con- 
tinent, to  the  weft  and  foiith-weltof  Cjv,v/w, 
and  thrive  extremely  well. 

It  is  reported  in  Spnirj%  hiftories  of  the 
difeovery  of  America,  tliat  the  art  of  draw- 
ing and  refining  of  fiignr,  w.is  p(  rfefted  by 
Lewis  de  Ftgurroa  and  Aloiifo  di  St.  John, 
priors  of  the  order  of  St.  Jootne,  in  the 
ifland  Hifpaniola,  ai:no  1516. 

The  lijgar  made  here  is  very  good,  but!; 
white  and  Mufiovado  of  three  lorts  ,  and 
reckon'd  at  L)o'.'J  and  -tuun  in  France, 
much  more  proper  and  laving  for  ronfi^ftio- 
ners,  than  any  other  whatfocver  1  being  both 
very  fweet  and  moid.  The  bell:  white  fu- 
gars  and  Mufrovadoi,  are  commonly  put  up 
in  l.uge  and  long  cherts,  made  of  Acaj'ic 
planks,  after  the  mmner  of  the  Brazil 
cherts,  and  the  coarftfl  in  tafks,  for  the 
greater  conveniency  of  ftowidge  aboard 
rtiips.  The  fugar  is  the  chief  produft  of 
this  ifland,  and  has  enrich'd  feveral  planters 
in  a  fliort  time,  when  they  wore  well  fup- 
ply'd  with  lufty  Black  flaves  from  Guinea  ; 
for  then  a  male  flave  did  not  yield  above 
one  hundred  crowns,  or  two  hundred  and 
fifty  French  livres :  about  which  lafl:  price, 
I  fold  a  hundred  and  thirty  flaves  at  my 
p.ifllige  thither.  But  the  colony  having 
jcen  lately  neglefted,  fome  of  the  rich 
planters  being  dead,  and  othei-s  gone;  away 

into 


i-  1 


the  Ifland  of  Cayenne. 


?(ji 


e  tricks  of 
,  neck  anil 
d.  It  fal 
5  very  full 
:  fame  I'ort 
I  of  Maia- 

people  a-C.htoi- 
he  chaniv-r  {i:;;v 
the  woods, 
thcr  on  rhi" 
nd  hanninii, 
IS  hy   rheir 

i  large  tor-j,,,,. 
ds   weight, 
cat-filhes, 
h  •,  and  the 
as  belong  to 

bovc  fifteen 
ve  ot  Riicon 
I  hire  are  at 
ler,  and  few 
fons  I  flull 
ftcr. 

lien,  but  the  S/'^ir. 
1  the  HoHih- 
at  lead  two 
bought  them 
colony,  and 
;  the  inhabi- 
d  being  foon 
canes,  feme 
djoin'uig  con- 
It  of  Cjyniic, 

lories  of  the 
irt  of  draw- 
)( rfedted  by 
b  St.  John, 
ovif,   in  the 

good,  bot!'. 
lorts ,   and 
in   Frat!(i\ 
for  confcftio- 
•,  being  both 
li:  white  fu- 
monly  put  up 
.le  of  ylcajn 
tiie  Brazil 
ifks,    for  the 
idge   aboard 
•f  product  of 
vera!  planters 
'cre  well  fup- 
rom  Guinea ; 
yield  above 
hundred  and 
h  iaft  price, 
(laves  at  my 
lony   having 
of  the   rich 
s  gone  away 
into 


Hocou  «' 
A'lOtio 


Pl»T£  ifi 


into  France,  which  caufed  them  to  make 
but  little  fugar  •,  and  Rocoti  becoming  a 
perfeft  drug,  fo  that  (hips  of  but  an  in- 
different burden,  waited  fometimes  near  a 
year  for  their  lading :  they  had  fo  few 
(laves  carry M  thitiur,  that  in  the  year 
1697,  a  man-Have  yielded  five  hundred  li- 
vres  I  the  Indians  not  being  able  to  furnifh 
the  colony  with  a  fiiflicient  number  of  /1- 
merican  (laves,  wlio  befidcs  are  not  altoge- 
ther fo  proper  as  the  Blacks,  to  cultivate 
the  ground. 

Few  at  prefent  arc  ignorant  of  the  man- 
ner how  fugar  is  made,  but  perhaps  as  few 
know  the  manner  of  making   Rocoii,    and 
therefore  I  (hall  here  give  an  account  of  it. 
Rocoii  is  a  red  dye,  or  deep  orange-colour, 
and  commonly  ufed  as  a  ground  for  other 
colours,  in  linnen  cloth  or  filks.    The  name 
is  Indian,  and  it  is  call'd  Anotto  in  the  i^pa- 
tii/h  /fmrican  countries,  which  jwrhaps  may 
alfo  be  dcriv'd  from  the   Indians  of  thofe 
parts,     At  the  firft  planting  of  it  in  Cay- 
enne,  the  natural  Rocoit  got  from  the  Indi- 
ans fold  in  France  from  twenty  to  fifteen 
livres  a  pound.     This  great  price  fet  many 
people  upon   cultivating  the  plants  there, 
and  in  a  few  years  fo  great  a  quantity  was 
made,    that  it  became  a  drug ;    infomuch 
that  about  the  year  1686,    it  would  not 
f..tch  nine  fols  a  pound  at  Rochel,  one  of  the 
fea-port  towns  of    France,    which  had  for 
many  years    the    mofl  fettled   trade  with 
Cayenne,  and  from  whence  more  efpecially 
the  garrifon  of  that  ifland  recciv'd  its  pro- 
vifions  and  clothing  ;   having  my  feif  been 
commifTion'd  into  that  fervice. 

This  dye  is  produc'd  from  certain  very 
fmall  red  berries,  growing  a  great  number 
together  in  a  fmall  clufter,  the  form  of 
which  is  reprefented  in  the  print.  This 
clufter,  when  the  berries  are  almoft  ripe,  is 
pluck'd  from  the  trees,  and  as  it  dries,  opens 
fo  as  to  drop  the  berries;  which  are  gather'd 
and  put  into  proper  vcfTels  or  troughs,  to  a 
certain  quantity,  and  ftecp'd  in  clean  water, 
which  in  a  very  (hort  time  wafhcs  off  the 
red  colour  from  them,  and  fwims  on  the 
furface,  and  the  feed  by  its  ponderoufnefs 
falls  to  the  bottom  of  the  troughs,  and  is 
good  for  nothing.  This  dye  they  take  up 
gently,  and  y.,:  iv  into  other  vefTels,  where 
it  coaguiatei  in  the  fun,  and  grows  thicker 
and  thicker,  by  lying  •,  and  when  it  is  come 
to  a  true  confiflency,  like  new  cheefe,  they 
mould  it  into  fmall  malTes,  fomc  fquare, 
others  in  long  rolls,  each  weighing  about 
four  pounds,  and  cover  them  with  dry'd 
palm-tree  leaves,  which  help  to  preferve  it, 
and  prevent  its  (licking  together  when 
pack'd  up  in  barrels,  calks  or  chefts :  and 
thus  by  degrees  it  grows  harder  and  harder 
as  cheefe  does.  But  the  fmell  of  it  is  more 
and  more  difagreeable  to  many  people,  be* 
Vol.  V. 


ing  very  (Irong.  The  dye  ftains  every  Barbot. 
thiHR  it  touches,  but  the  Spanijh  Anotio  is  v^V^i* 
far  better  and  finer  than  that  of  Cayenne. 
This  fort  of  dye  will  keep  many  years,  if 
well  preferv'd  in  proper  moift  and  cool  pla- 
ces i  but  in  length  of  time  it  dries  up  al- 
moft to  duft,  and  lofes  its  virtue.  It  is  alfo 
adulterated  and  mix'd  with  fome  otl  ;  in- 
gredients, either  in  the  country  or  in  Eu- 
rope, and  moulded  a-new  into  loaves ;  but 
fuch  dye  is  nothing  near  lo  good  as  the 
natural. 

The  trees  commonly  at  full  age  do  not: 
exceed  fifteen  or  fixteen  foot  in  height,  ve- 
ry fhady  and  ever  green  \  bearing  a  great 
quantity  of  the  bloflbm  or  flower  of  Anotto 
or  Rocou,  which  when  yet  young,  are  of  a 
fine  pleafant  red,  and  at  fome  diftance  re- 
fcinbles  the  pomgranate-tree  when  blown. 

The  Rocou  planters  formerly  cultivated 
large  orchards  of  thefe  trees,  as  we  do  of 
apples  or  cherries. 

The  chief  town  of  Cayenne  ftands  on  the 
weft  part  of  the  ifland,  in  an  advantageous 
fituation  •,  nature  and  art  h.iving  equally 
contributed  to  the  fortifying  of  it.    It  is  of 
an  irregular  hexagon  figure.    The  fortifi- 
cations of  the  town,  as  the  plan  reprefents, 
were  moftly  caft  up  with  earth  by  the  Hol- 
landers,  after  they  had  driven  the  French 
from  the  ifland  •,  and  have  fcveral  batteries 
mounted  with  cannon,  and  a  dry  ditch  quite 
round,  befides  rows  of  trees  that  furround 
it  in  a  triangle,  which  makes  a  handfome 
profpeft  at  a  diftance.     Within  this  flighc 
fortification,   ftand  above  two  hundred  hou- 
fes,  difpofed  in  fuch  manner,  as  to  form  two 
indifferent  ftreets  or  lanes,    all  built  with 
planks  of  a  certain  tree  by  the  French  call'd 
Poirier,    and  of  other  fort  of  timber,  and 
thatc'\'d  ;  which  is  the  reafon  they  are  now 
antl  then  burnt  down  fo  faft,  that  nothing 
can  be  fav*d,  to  the  great  lofs  and  damage 
not  only  to  the  owners,  but  of  fevcral  inha- 
bitants round  the  town.   On  the  north-eaft 
part  of  it,  towards  the  gate  of  Armire,  the 
jefuits  have  a  little  chappel,    (landing  in  an 
open  place  by  itfelf,    and  before  it  a  grove 
of  lemon-trees,    which   afford  a  pleafant 
fliade  to  walk  under;  the  chappel  is  adorn'd 
with  a  fmall  fpire  of  planks,   with  good 
bells. 

On  a  pretty  fteep  hill  or  eminence  ftands 
the  fort  of  St.  Lewis  'de  Ceperoux,  built 
by  order  of  Lewis  XIII.  king  of  France., 
on  the  fea-fide,  commanding  every  way, 
mounted  with  forty-two  iron  guns;  the 
garrifon  whereof  commonly  confifts  of  four 
companies  of  regular  forces,  befides  near 
five  hundred  inhabitants  moftly  French,  and 
divers  Indians,  who  retire  into  the  ifland 
with  their  canoes,  and  there  make  their 
cottages  and  carbets ;  living  either  in  the 
town,  or  on  the  ifland  round  about  as  far 
7  D  as 


mm 


m4m 


^61 


A    D  E  S  C  R  I  PTION    of 


■i''  '- 


'\  i! '  » 1 


■Hi. 


ilitiih: 


HAunorn^  mount  Sinfiy,  bcciiufe  of  the  (loiKlricfs 
VO^'^'  of  the  loil,  and  the  wliolcfoiiuncls  of  the 
air,  as  it  lies  nnicii  higher  th.m  the  ifl.inil. 
Tiiefc-,  upon  the  le.ill  ;il,irm,  are  obhgeil 
ti)  n.inil  to  their  arms ;  the  fi<;iial  to  yive 
notice  to  them  to  lome  together,  being  to 
fill'  oir  tome  eaiiiions,  ifpiiially  in  tiie 
nii;ht-time.  The  weakell  jila.es  of  this 
ill.md  arc  alfo  iletcnileil  by  iumc  batteries 
anil  guns. 

'I'lie  nexr  town  in  the  id  iiul  to  tliis,  is 
Jrinn;  clillant  about  three  leagues  call- 
w.iril,  but  fm.ill  and  thinly  |X()i)led  i  where 
tlie  jeluits  iiave  a  chappel  all'o,  lor  the  ion- 
\(nii-ncy  of  the  inhabitants  of  that  part  ol 
ili>.  ill.ind:  anvlalunita  league  fin  licr  eat',  is 
thf  point  Mahiiri,  and  -ir  it  a  •••  ■  hiv 
plantation  for  fugar,  bi  ,  ;;  np  .  parti- 
(.ular  aetj'i  lintaiHc  of  mil       ^ ',  'lineoi 

R::ini,   lime  (kreaftd  ;  at,  ■   •      •  e  to 

land  at.  Well  of  this  plant  •  i,  i  J  .\\\ 
ti-lhin  carbet.  Tliele  are  all  ,.^  remar" 
Me  towns  of  C,.:\ii:th\  except  here  and  tlu  . 
j'lMiie  cottages,  and  plantations  about  th'^* 
illaiul;  the  louth  part  of  whith  is  llor'il  with 
fine  large  meadows  or  pallure  grounds, 
ciil'd  after  the  luiliam  Sav.Duu,  and  three 
livulets.  They  have  ufually  a  watch-houfe 
and  a  battery  of  foinc  iron  guns  at  .I'mi/r, 
to  givL-  fignats,  when  they  dil'cover  fliips 
coming  from  iheeaftward. 

Fort  Loti:'  (ommands  both  the  town  and 
the  lea  ;  the  aiuhoring-place  for  fliips  is  un- 
der the  cannon  of  tiie  fort,  within  inulket- 
lliot  from  land,  in  three  fathom  and  .■  .iih 
mudiiy  ground,  fouth-wefl  of  the  '..ater- 
gatc,  which  has  four  good  guns  to  defend 
I  lie  road. 

The  colony  is  par'.ly  fubfifted  by  pro- 
vifions  brought  over  I'rom  Fnitiu;  in  mer- 
chants fliips  by  way  of  trade  ;  which  com- 
monly are  wine,  branily,  meal  and  pow- 
der'd  or  f.dt  meats  :  for  beef  is  very  l.Mrce 
there,  bcfides  that  tiiey  are  not  allow'd  to 
kill  any,  nor  cah. es  neither,  without  leave 
of  the  governour  or  his  fubllitutib,  that  cat- 
tle may  multi[)ly  in  the  illand.  All  lorts 
of  liiinen,  doathing,  llulVs,  filks,  Ihoes, 
and  other  wearing  apparel  are  alio  carry'd 
thither  froin  Fiance,  for  the  ul'e  of  men, 
women  and  children  ;  and  all  forts  of  iron- 
tools  and  fmall  wares,  cither  for  the  lir- 
vice  of  the  colony,  or  for  the  Jmaztus  and 
/«</;.;«  trade,  are  barter'tl  for  fiigar,  Ko,oi{, 
Inilixo,  tortoife  lliclls,  tygersfkins,  and  o- 
ther  inconfiderable  curiolitiesof  the  coiiii'.ry, 
wh.  "^  did  once  turn  to  great  profit  to  tlie 
traders  there. 

The  other  ntcefliiry  provifions  of  the 
produtl  of  the  ifland,  are  Afantlioa  or  Ciijju- 
hi,  ami  IiiJta>i  wiieat ;  of  which  each  planter 
fows  large  quantities,  both  for  the  lub- 
fiftancc  cf  their  own  families  and  fiavcs, 
aiid  to  fell  to  the  other  inferior  inhabitants, 


The  lea  ami  river  lilli,  poultry,  piilgcons, 
queells  or  ring  dovis,  wnereof  there  is  great 
plenty,  M^^^  ddic.ite  turkeys,  venifon,  hares, 
agontils,  hoj',s,  ,ind  /'.ii^j, th. it  i*  wild-boars, 
ari.alfoa  pirt  of  their  lufibltancc:  but  La- 
i/ii)it\is  and  li:,i-ioriuili.s  .ire  their  chief  pro- 
vilioii,  and  m.iy  well  be  called  the  mann.i 
to  the  poorer  foil. 

The  l.amc'iiyt  is  by  lome  lall'd  the  lea-  Mj^,,;  ^^ 
cow,  and  by  otiiers  M.iii.iii,  the  head  where  /'.i-mw, 
of  is  much  likeapij-'s,  except  that  its  fnout 
is  not  ahogether  lo  long.  riie  l.irgill  of 
them  .ire  about  tueiity  loot  long,  having 
no  liiis,  but  the  t.iil,  ,iiul  two  p.iw, :  tin' 
body  is  pii  tiy  thii  k  or  louiu',  till  towards 
then.ivil  i  the  i.iil  liLe  ili.it  oi  a  wh.ileaiul 
poipoile,  h.is  ,in  hoii/.ont.d  bre.idth  when 
the  anim.il  lijs  llit  on  his  llom.ich  or  belly. 
Its  fkiii  is  blackilh,  with  lome  thin  hairs, 
rough  and  hard,  .uul  lb  very  thick,  thit  the 
1)1, inns  cut  it  into  narrow  long  Hips,  which 
thcv  dry, and  Imome  .is  II  ill. is  .icaiu  i  whcre- 
viih  the  l:iiio:,\ii,s  challiie  their  llaves. 
Others  m.dve  oi  the  Ikin  .i  lore  of  bucklers, 
mulkei-piool.  The<  yis  .ire  \ery  fm.ill,  no 
bigger  th.in  a  comiuin  hog's  :  the  optick 
nerves  are  alio  Im.ill,  and  h.ive  no  iri.s,  anil 
very  little  humour.  At  a  liillance  fronj 
which  is  a  round  hole,  on  each  fide  of  the 
head,  with  all  the  iifii.il  .ind  net  eflary  organs 
lor  hearing  -,  .uid  it  hears  the  bell  ol  all  w.i- 
ter  animals,  'i'he  tongue  is  extremely  fmall, 
in  proportion  to  the  bulk  of  the  i  nature  ; 
and  befides,  it  commonly  draws  it  in,  whence 
leveral  have  l.iid  it  has  none.  It  has  thirty- 
two  cheek-teeth  or  grindirs,  and  tiilks  like 
wild  boars,  but  no  toie  teeth:  tlu;  gums 
arc  pretty  h.ini,  with  which  it  biouzesand 
pulls  the  gral's  ir  teeds  on, 

This  animal  trom  the  nci  k  to  the  tail, 
has  .1  long  back-lone,  comi)ol'.doflifty-two 
vciicbrx,  rehiiibling  thole  of  a  horle  •,  lel- 
f-iiing  proportionably  ,it  the  ends. 

The  feiualis  have  two  briMlls,  much  rc- 
fembling  thole  of  /Hjik  women,  and  fomi' 
beliive  they  bring  lonli  two  young  ones  at 
a  time, and  luckletluin  .it  iholep.ips:  others 
lay,  they  mvi  r  obllrv'd  that  creature  to 
fuckle  ,iiid  embrace  any  inore  than  one  little 
one  at  a  time,  and  are  confident  it  brings 
forth  but  one.  The  genitals,  as  well  in- 
ternal as  external,  are  more  like  thole  of 
human  creatures,  than  any  other  fpecies  of 
animals.  Tluir  blood  is  warm,  and  never 
congeals.  It  has  not  a  very  free  refpiration 
in  the  water,  for  whii  h  reaion  it  often  holds 
the  mu2<^le  out  of  it  for  air  ;  at  which  time 
they  are  eafily  ftruck  with  harping- irons. 

This  fort  of  fifh  is  very  eafily  caught,  as 
generally  feeding  in  large  herds,  in  three 
or  four  foot  water,  and  fo  tame  in  many 
p.irts  of  the  Eajl-Iiidies,  as  to  lutler  men  to 
get  in  among  them  as  they  arc  feeding}  fo 
that  they  may  fcl  them  with  their  hands 

and 


the  Ifland  of  Cayenne. 


'M 


9^3 


nml  cliiilff  wliirh  tivy  plcdc -,  or  to  /lioo'; 
them  wiih  tlie  iiiii '/.Ic  ot  the  |iieif  ;ilnuill 
nt  tlu'ir  luMil :  ami  will  let  two  or  tlirrc  men, 
without  nny  .irms  or  tools,  t.ike  ii<j|d  ot 
them  wirh  tiu-ir  linnils,  or  tic  ;i  ro|)c  about 
tluirtaiK,  aivl  In  (lr,i(',  tlicm  afliorc. 

'I'll''  ll  'ill  i)t  lliis  (  riMliirc  is  ixiclli'iir,  very 
wlidlfloin ',  anil  ralUs  imuh  like  veal  ol 
/•«"/(•,  wlicn  youiv;  ;  lor  the  l<i'.",t!,i'fl  an; 
not  to  cl.-lic.uc  anil  aj^ricililc  lo  tlnpalur. 
Thin  tit  is  hanl,  aivl  very  iWi't-i,  as  tint 
of  our  hoi's  •,  till"  lldh  rcli'inl)lfs  veal,  tr 
ilirs  with  very  litilt'  lols  ol  hlooil,  ami  i. 
not  ohItrvM  to  coine  upon  ilry  laiul  •,  nor 
is  ihcrf  any  likfli':ooil  it  fliDul.l,  lonlilcr 
I'l.Aii— .  i";^  !''>  IliM""'  as  in  ihciiir,  wlniue  it  is  i:oii- 
i:lil;l;il  not  to  hi-  amiihihioiis. 

The  Sf.iiiiiirJs  ahout  th-  illanil  ol  St. 
M iiy.irri,  or  Mi'^iiiifd,  call  tlic  M.in.iii 
l'ii--Hiir\\  that  is,  ox  tilh  ;  ami  partiiu- 
larly  vahic   the  llomaih  and   li/lly    pirt  iil 

i''.'7;c)/ '^^  ''"'*^"''  f'l  Ipif'i-  Others  lilt  lonj;  11  ices 
Min'.iii!  ot  the  tl'lli  ol  its  bu  k,  whirji  they  lalt  a 
little,  only  tor  two  days,  and  lli.n  dry  it 
in  the  air;  after  whit  li,  it  will  keep  three  or 
four  months.  This  they  roalt  and  h.ilU- 
with  biiiter,  and  reckon  lUlicioiis  meat.  A 
genileman  hisalTiiiM  me,  that  at  '/iimtiir.i 
they  i',ive  ei(i;luetn  pence  a  pound  tor  youn^ 
A'l inaii.  At  Ciiwiuie  it  yields  but  three 
pcncp  a  pound  lalted. 

F.  Chnjiorl'fi-  dc  Adiinia,  inthe  relation  of 
his  voyage  on  the  river  oi  the  ,/>/iiuaiis, 
I  \-[Ui.  i"",.  ilflcrilHs  tliis  lilii  as  follows. 

The  I'iW  /j'.Vi'v,  lays  he,  is  ol  a  delicious 
t  ilVe  ;  .iny  one  that  e.its  ir,  would  think  it  to 
be  molV  exc;llent  iVn^  well  fealbn'd.  This 
tilh  is  as  biLi;  as  a  Leiler  ol  a  year  and  a  half 
old  i  it  has  a  head  and  c.irs  jult  like  tholo 
of  a  hcitcr,  and  the  body  of  it  is  allcovcr'd 
wirh  hair,  like  the  biilllesot  awhile  lioj;  i 
it  fvvims  with  two  little  arms,  nnii  uiuler 
its  belly  has  tears,  with  which  it  fuckks  ils 
younir  ones.  The  fkin  of  it  is  very  tliick, 
and  when  drelli'd  into  leather,  lerves  to  make 
larjijets,  which  are  proof  again  ll  a  mulket- 
biillet.  It  feeds  upon  (rrats,  on  the  bank 
of  the  river,  like  an  ox  ;  troni  which  ic  re- 
ceives lo  good  nouriiliment,  and  is  ot  lo 
jilealant  ialte,thata  man  is  more  ilrengtlun'd 
and  better  latisfy'd  with  eating  a  I  mail  ijuan- 
tity  ol  it,  than  with  twice  as  much  mutton. 
It  has  not  a  free  refpiration  in  the  water,  anil 
theretbre  often  thrutts  out  its  Ihout  to  take 
breath,  and  lb  is  difcovcr'd  by  them  that 
feck  alter  ic.  When  the  liidiam  get  light  of 
ir,  they  follow  it  with  their  oars  in  little 
canoes  i  and  when  it  appears  above  water  to 
take  breath,  caft  their  harping-tools  made 
of  (licUs,  with  which  they  Hop  it.scourfe, 
and  take  it.  When  they  have  kill'd  it,  they 
cut  it  into  pieces,  and  dry  it  upon  wooden 
grates,  which  they  call  Boucan  \  and  thus 


dretli-d,  it  will  keep  good  above  a  month.  Ha riiot. 
'J'hey  have  not  the  way  of  lalting  and  iliy-  ^'^^^^ 
ing  it  to  keep  a  long  while,  lor  want  of 
plenty  ot  lalt  ;  that  wliiih  they  ule  to  feafon 
their  nv.Mt  being  very  Icarce,  and  maiK'  of 
the  .lilies  ot  .1  Ibitof  p.ilm-tree,  lb  th.it  it  is 
more  like  lalt-petre  th.m  common  lalt. 

To  gel  Irelli  meat  all  ihcir  winter,  which 
istlielmic  ol  the  r.ims,  when  thry  (an  nci- 
th(  r  hunt  nor  lilli,  they  make  i  hoiic  ot  Ibme 
lit  places  where  the  llooils  can  never  tome, 
and  there  dig  ponds  of  a  moder.ite  ilcpih, 
to  hold  .1  good  iiu.mtity  of  water,  winch 
they  indole  round  with  ,i  p.dlifado  of  Hakes: 
they  biing  water  into  tliele  ponds,  and  ktep 
them  .ilw.iys  lull,  thai  ih(-y  may  ule  them 
asrelervoirslor  their  winier  |)rovilionv  i  put- 
'mg  in  tortoiles,  at  the  fe.ilon  they  come 
.  'hole  to  l.iy  their  eggs  :  there  they  Iced 
them  Willi  tiie  leaves  and  liram  lies  of  trees, 
whii  h  they  throw  into  the  pond.  One  ot 
tliele  (ortoiles  is  enough  to  teed  a  numerous 
family  tome  lime.  To  carry  them  to  the 
poiul,  wlien  tiiey  li  tcli  liem  from  a  goi 
dill.ince,  ilicy  llnng  them  logeiher  v*  i 
great  lordsthro'  holes  they  m.ike  on  thetij 
of  ilieir  llulls,  ami  turning  tliem  on  ir 
feet,  le.id  them  to  the  water,  where  ';!••  ■ 
tie  them  to  their  canoes,  and  lb  dr.i  ,  '  -iv. 
home,  and  then  put  them  into  tlieir 
lervoirs,  anil  loole  them. 

The  .\latinti\  tlelh  ulcd  at  C  vi;;,,-  is 
brought  ready  laki\l  from  the  riv;  ■■  tie 
jlinuz/iii  i  leveral  ol  the  principal  inhabi- 
tants lending  the  b.irks  .uid  biig.mtines  thi- 
ther with  men  and  lalt  to  buy  it  of  the  hi- 
(iiaiis,  Ibr  beads,  knives  with  white  halts  of 
A  low  jirice,  Ibme  linnen,  toys,  and  iron 
tools.  Wlieii  thole  veliels  are  tnicr'd  the 
river  of  the  .Ima:- in,  lUr  /luluim,  who  al- 
ways lollow  the  M'i)i.:n  tilhery,  go  aboard, 
take  the  lalt,  and  with  it  iiin  u|)  the  river 
in  canoes  or  Pirin^iun,  to  catch  the  Mamui'i ; 
which  they  cut  in  pieces,  am!  fall  as  taken, 
returning  with  that  tiilt  filh  to  thebrigan- 
tines  ;  which  go  not  up,  bccaufe  the  yV///- 
^!ieli\  who  dwell  to  the  e.illward,  at  Pani, 
and  other  places  of  fltuizil,  claim  the  lo- 
vereignty  of  the  north  tide  ot  that  river, 
and  give  no  quarter  to  the  b'ltiich,  or  other 
Eiiroi'tMHs  they  can  take  in  their  liberties, 
which  has  occalion'd  many  difputes  and 
quarrels  between  them,  as  I  fliall  obferve 
hereafter.  That  controvcrly  was  decided 
by  the  treaty  of '/(r(f(r/,nn  the  year  1713. 
The  Porli/j^iiejt:  Ibme  years  fince  defigning 
to  fettle  oil  the  well  (ide  of  the  Afiiazom, 
cruelly  mafTacrcd  inany,  who  before  ufcd  to 
go  unmoletted,  and  confequently  miftrufting 
no  danger. 

The  brigantincs   having    got   their  la-^y^^,  j 
ding  of  falted  Mamiti,  return  to  Cayenne,  Maiwti. 
and  fell  it  there,  commonly  at  three  Pcnce 
a  pound.  They 


^'•1  ■■I'l^lii 


,(. 


lil:^       rr.: 


{ij.-     '  /( 


I  ,n 


m 


i ;, 


•i<    , 


il'^f  :.,;.■•! 'i 


Mr' 


5^4 


A  Description  of 


Other  ecm 
iiiodititi. 


InJIan 
litti. 


CjlTibi. 


nARBOT.  They  alfo  often  bring  from  thence  fome 
•"J^^^^^  flives,  purchaffd  of  the  Indiam,  with  whom 
nfjitvti.  ji^^y  trade,  rhofe  flaves  being  commonly 
handfdmc  yoitn^  Women. 
They  alio  bring  great  quantities  of  ham- 
'  mocks,  parrots,  parroqueu,  tortoife  (hells, 
tygers  fkins,  and  other  rarities  of  that 
country,  anddry'd  fifli. 

Before  the  Europeans  had  furnifh'd  the 
Indiana  of  Guianit  with  inltruments  of  iron 
and  fteei  for  fi filing,  hunting,  hewing  of 
wood,  and  cultivating  the  ground,  they 
made  them  of  hard  ftones ;  and  befides  the 
endlcfs  labour  of  making,  were  at  no  lefs 
pains  in  ufing  them  :  and  perceiving  they 
could  do  more  work  in  a  day  with  hatiiicts, 
bills,  knives  and  hooks,  than  they  could 
before  in  a  month  with  thiir  ftone  tools, 
they  give  any  thing  for  luch  neccflaries,  and 
have  quite  left  oti'the  ulc  of  their  own  i  which 
are  now  good  for  nothing,  but  to  be  kept 
asacut-iofity,  and  a  memorial  of  the  indullry 
and  patience  of  thofe  Indians. 

The  CaJJ'.ibi  is  the  common  bread  of  the 
country, elptcially  among  the  poorer  fort  and 
n.ivcs,  and  of  all  the  Iti.li.ms,  not  only  of 
Ciiiiamr,  but  of  a  great  part  of  Souib-/lmc- 
rica.  It  is  made  of  the  Mundiocr  root,  which 
they  fcrapc,  and  then  prcfs  to  get  out  the 
poilbnous juice;  being fo  rank  a  poifon,  that 
half  a  common  glafs  ot  it  fwallow'il,  will 
kill  cither  man  or  beaft,  and  yet  it  may  be 
put  into  fauces  and  pottages,  giving  ihem  a 
good  relidi,  provided  it  be  boii'd  but  ever 
fo  little,  for  then  it  lofes  that  pernicious 
quality. 

They  bake  the  Cajfabi  on  large,  thin,  flat 
iron  plates,  over  the  embers,  making  it  into 
cakes ;  which  when  new,  are  tolerable  good 
tood  ;  but  when  (tale  and  dry,  very  infipid 
and  poor. 

The  meaner  inhabitants  and  flaves,  be- 
fides water,  drink  that  fort  of  liquor  call'd 
Oiiicou,  which  they  lirew  after  the  hidian 
manner,  as  before  defcrib'd  ;  tho'  not  fo 
good  as  theirs,forthe  reafons  there  mcntion'd. 
The  government  and  adminillration  of 
juftite  is  in  the  governour,  as  well  over  the 
inhabitants  as  the  garrilbn;  but  injudicial 
affairs  he  is  alTifted  by  a  council,  compofed 
of  the  prime  military  officers  and  chief  in. 
habitants. 

The  governour  of  Caj^««^  claims  ajurif- 
diftion  over  the  countries  of  Guiana^  from 
the  great  river  of  the  Amazon!  on  the  en  ft, 
to  the  river  Maroni  at  weft  north-weft  ;  and 
accordingly  the  late  governour  M.  deFerolles, 
who  was  major  of  the  fort  and  garrifon  in 
my  time,  begun  a  road  by  land  to  the  river 
of  the  /ImazoHs,  pretending  to  drive  the 
Portiiguefe  from  the  rivers  Paron  and  M.ica- 
ba,  on  which  they  have  built  three  forts 
for  their  fecurity.  The  French  allcdge,  that 
thofccountries  belong  to  the  crown  oi  France, 


rri,.l, 


mtni. 


tMtnt. 


guck. 


and  that  it  behoves  ihem  to  defend  them  nor 
only  on  aci ount  of  the  trade,  but  becatifii 
there  are  filver  mines  ;  (b  that  the  country 
they  prf  tend  to,  extends  about  an  hundred 
leagues  along  the  ocean,  which  ii  its  boun- 
dary on  the  call  and  noith  •,  and  this  they  call 
Eqiiiiioduti  France,  as  has  been  obferved 
before. 

This  road  to  the   river  of  the  yfrnrtzowf,  r„/ 
begins  at  the  river  Peim,  which  falls  into 
that  of  Pttron,  and  they  afterwards  go  down 
that  in  canoes. 

The  pretenfions  of  the  Fiyrch  and   Pnr-  v.ontf}! 
titj^uele  to  the   l()verei};nty  of  this   port  ol^'crfM 
Gmana,    have  tKcafion'd  irany  controvcr- „"'"'"'""■'' 
fies  and  blows   between  lluni,  anil   (Iveral 
negotiiitions  have  bienlirton  loot,    and  re- 
gulations m.ule,  to  ailjull  thole  liiR'erences 
amicably. 

To  make  this  jioiru  the  dearer,  I  (hall 
here  inlert  tlieadounr  j/ivin  me  concerning 
this  contell  Ivtwixt  tlv  ircnch  and  Portn- 
fjiefe,  by  .1  Jiiditious  iriirh  !.',entleman,  tm- 
ploy'd  by  the  government  o(  (.'nvrnne,  about 
the  year  170:,  to  li-e  the  m  aties concluded 
b(  twcen  the  two  crowns  |Hinttually  executed 
on  the  IjUit  1  but  im.lt  be^iu  with  the  caufc 
of  this  ilillerencc. 

The  Pcrtuyurfe  of  Para,  one  of  the  cap- 
tainfliips  of  Rraril,    which  reaches  to   the 
great    river  of  the  ylmazons,    envying   the 
trade   of   the  colony    of  Cayenne,    in  this 
river,  refolv'd   feveral  years  ago,  to  lecurc 
it  to  themfelves,  by  felting  up  a  pretcnfion, 
that    their  foverdgnty,    in   thole  parts   of 
South- America,    had   extended   for  a   long 
time,  as  far  weftward  beyond  the  river  of  the 
Amazons,  as  the  river  lyiaioco,  near  cape 
Cajpfcurri  ;    which,    they  laid,    was  their 
boundary, and  the  fcparation  fiom  the  French 
jurilUldion  at  Casntne.     The  Fr-nch,  on  the 
other  hand,  afiirm'd,  that  the  7  V.'tt^K,»,t- li- 
mits could  reach   no  fariher  weftward  than 
another  river  or  channel,  call'd //'m/cco,  ly- 
ing in  the  midft  of  the  Anhifdago  of  idands, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  of  the  Amazons, 
and  almoft  a  hundred   leagues  in  breadth. 
The  Portiiguefe    perlilled    in   their    claim, 
aiming  to  fecure  to  themft  Ives  the  trade  of 
ilieriverof  they^wazffwj,  confilbing  in  flaves, 
Miinnli,  hammocks,  green  ilones,  fine  fea- 
thers, anti  tygers   (kins  5  as  al(b  to  pofTels 
folely  the  benefit  of  the  Cacao  trade  in  that 
part  of  Guiana,    on    the  weft  fide  of  the 
river  of  the  Amazons,  fo  very  advantageous ; 
the  large  country  round  about  Macaba,  na- 
turally abounding  in  plants  of  Cacao,  grow- 
ing of  themfelves,  without  any  culture,  in 
the  woods.     They  made  no  fcruple  to  fa  IF 
out  with  the  French  on  that  account ;  fo  that 
at  laft  force  of  arms  was  ulcd  by  the  con- 
tending parties  reciprocally,  as  opportunity 
offer'd :    but    the  Portu^uefe    having  been 
quick  at  ercfting  a  fmall  tort  ^itArowary, 

near 


,  lri-nrli<i;;;/ 
'  Purtij. 
'  guclf. 


the  Ifland  of  Cayenne, 


?<^? 


near  cape  Norths  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
of  ihe  /tmaionu  and  a  pretty  large  one  at 
Mucaba,  about  fixty  leagues  up  it,  mounted 
with  fourteen  guns  i  and  a  little  one  at  fome 
dirtancc  from  it,  with  the  arms  of  Portugal 
on  the  gate  •,  maintain'd  their  ground  for  a 
time,  and  very  much  moleflcd  the  French 
trading  tlut  way,  either  by  fca  or  land  :  and 
nany  have  bcin  (lain  or  injur'd  on  both 
liJis,  for  the  French  ilnig^ied  againft  their 
a  Uagonills  from  Ctfjtune  and  fPuipoco,  as 
iiiuch  as  they  could. 

Tilings  being  louic  to  this  pafs,  and  for 
.1  long  while  to  open  violence  among  the 
i-onundcrs,  and  their  bufinefs  being  thereby 
very  much  obflructed  i  nt  lad  there  was  a 
treaty  fet  on  loot  by  the  two  kings,  by 
wliicti  It  w.i';  a^r^:eci,  that  the  Purtugneji: 
Ihoulil  dcmolidi  their  new  forts,  and  with- 
draw ih'ir  artillery  and  garrifons,  which 
v/as  executed  about  tiie  year  1702,  when 
the  governour  of  C^iyeniw  fcnt  this  officer 
with  a  imall  liiet  of  barques  and  canoes,  and 
about  twolumtlred  men  aboard,  to  Hon  Al- 
(■nfurqite,  cliief  governour  at  Par  i,  with 
the  dilpaLclics  of  Portugal ;  but  yet  this  was 
I'.ot  done  by  hiui  without  great  reluftancy, 
.-.nd  to  tiic  great  furrow  of  the  fubjccts  ot 
Porltig:il  in  thole  parts. 

Thus  this  country  was  left  to  tl'.e  French, 
but  not  long  at  their  difpolal  ;  lor  foon  after 
the  crov'n  of  Frumc,  labouring  hard  to  dil- 
luade  the  king  of  Porlw^al  from  entering 
into  the  gr.uid  alliance  with  tlie  F.mperor, 
the  Queen  of  Gre.it-/iritiiii,  and  the  States- 


their  whole  families,  by  the  labour  of  the  Bardot. 
jcfuits,  who  have  ercfted  fine  churches  in  the  ^OT*'. 

Inriian  villages,  and  employ  thofe  people  in 
hulbandry,  when  the  government  has  no 
occafion  for  their  fervicc  in  war. 

The  Hune  gentleman  farther  told  me,  BM«»i|W 
that  there  is  a  nation  of  Indiaiu  on  the  weft  ■»'»«'»• 
fide  of  this  river,  feveral  leagues  up  it,  whofc 
female  fex  is  exceedingly  handfome,  and  go 
(lark  naked,  ()laitiiig  the  hair  of  their  heads 
very  artificially  i  and  thai  lieohferv'd,  when 
any  of  thofe  women  rame  into  his  preftncc, 
they  lecm'd  to  be  alhanied  of  being  naked, 
but  not  at  all  when  return'd  among  their 
own  people. 

That  in  eroding  the  wide  mouth  of  the 
liver  of  the  /Im.iznin,  being  near  ninety 
leagues  wide,  as:  has  bei  n  oblervcd,  he  fpent 
eight  days  with  his  little  fleet,  before  he  got 
to  the  town  off  (i'v;,  on  the  calf  llioie  ;  and 
found  much  pleafurc  every  evening  at  fun- 
letting,  when  filling  thro'  the  Jnhij'clii^o  ol 
iflanils,  he  obferved  the  fwectncfs  and  fereni- 
ty  of  the  air,  the  be.iutiful,  evi  r-grcen  lofty 
trees  along  the  many  channels,  formed  by 
the  fituation  of  thole  illands  ■,  the  ckarnefs 
of  the  water  rcflerting  I'o  lively  the  form 
and  (hapeof  them  again  in  their  cryllalline 
furfacc  5  together  with  the  variety  of  beauti- 
ful birds  in  the  woods,  and  their  fweet  me- 
lody. On  the  weft  fide  of  the  river,  and  as  he 
crolfed  fome  part  ol  the  province  of  C^w/za, 
he  met  with  many  prolpcdts  of  Jandfkips, 
extraordinary  fine  and  plcafant  to  behold. 

'I'hc  icfuit  CLr.  d' Acunna,  who  made  .a 


gener.il,  for  reftoring  the  intiie  monarchy  of    voyage  from  i^nto  down   to  the  mouth  of 


.V/wiw  to  the  houfe  o\\l:iilria,  thought  [iroptr 
10  relinquidi  its  interelt  in  that  part  o\(i:iijnii, 
to  the  Puvtiigiiefe  ;  who  lofing  no  time,  took 
poirefTion  thereof,  and  with  great  diligence 
lebuili  the  fort  at  .1rov:ary  Am\  M.iittci.i,  and 
thus  again  peaceably  polfefs  the  benelicial 
trade  uiCuaio.  1  lowever,  it  is  to  be  obfervM, 
that  thofe  nuts  are  nothing  to  the  right  S/ii- 
;;///.;,comm<)nly  known  by  the  namcof  C.;/V!iv;.( 
nuts,  which  are  large  and  Iwect ;  whereas 
fliele  Pirtii^tiefe  nuts  are  Imall  and  bitter. 
Thefe  nuts  the  Portii^^iiffi  convey  in  large 
canoes  and  barks  to  Parn,  whence  great 
quantities  are  Cent  yearly  to  Lij/'cn. 

Theca-ioes  the  Poiiiii^nffc  of  Para  make 
10  carry  on  their  trade  in  the  river  of  the 
Amazons,  are  extraordinary  fine  and  large. 


the  Amazons  river,    with   '7l-x,;;-.i,   general 
of  the  Porlugui'fe  at  Para,  who  full  of  all 
Europeans  went  up  from  Para  to  fi^jfilo,  on 
that  river,  in  the  year   1637,  upon  the  re- 
port of  two  FraKciuan  friars,  who  Ivul  efcap'd 
the  hands  of  the  iiultaus  ;  tells  us,  in  the  re- 
lation of  his  laid  voyage,  of  which  I  fliall 
have  occafion  to  I'pe.ik  firther  hereafter,  that 
two   leagues   below  Cini/ape,    the  river  of 
the  AmazoHi  begins  to  divide  itfelf  into  fc-;»^„y,;^ 
veral  great  branchis,   which  form  that  mul-  jh,  \mi- 
tituile  of  iflaiids,  which  feem  to  float  upon  tons riifr, 
its  waters,  till  it  enters  into  the  fea. 

Thefe  iflands  are  inhabited  by  nations 
differing  from  one  another,  both  in  their  lan- 
guage anil  cuftoms  -,  not  but  that  moft  of 
them  unuc  Hand  the  language  of  Brazil  vtrw 


all  of  one  fingle  tree,    and  fome  of  them     well,    which  is  the  general  tongue  in  ttiole 
eight  foot  broad,  and  above  fixty  in  length,     parts 


with  cabhins,  wherein  they  can  hang  three 
hammocks  in  a  row,  and  their  InJi.nu  are 
very  dexterous  at  navigating  of  them. 

The  government  of  Para  has  above  three 
thoufand  Indians,  living  in  villages,  about 
the  town  of  that  name,  and  maintained 
asaronftant,  regular  militia,  tolerveupon 
all  occafions.  Thofe  Indians  are  all  baptiz'd 
and  inftnitVed  in  the  chriftian  religion,  with 

Vol.  V 


The  number  of  thefe  iflands  is  fo  great, 
and  the  people  that  dwell  inthem  fodifferent, 
that  it  is  not  pofTible  to  give  a  particular  ac- 
count of  what  is  obfervable  among  them, 
without  compofing  a  volume.  However, 
I'll  name  fome  of  the  moll  confiderable  and 
beft  known,  as ihe  Tapttyui,  and  the  valiant 
Pacaxas ;  which  laft  dwell  on  the  fide  of  a 
river,  the  name  of  which  they  bear,  that 
7  E  enters 


'  'j1 '!' !  'M 


U'' 


■|!il;Ci 


m% 


E'hll 


fi!!: 


f;66 


A  Description  of 


81?'  i'.f' 


ii: 


Barbot. enters  tl\e  /f/«ai«» f ighty  len^uis  .ibovi"  the 
^^^J  river  AirrtMj/Ad,  amrupon  thi:  b.ink  of  this 
Lift  river.  Thcfc  idanclsare  lb  well  ix-opleil, 
that  there  is  no  end  of  the  number  of  inh:i- 
bit.ints,  nor  imlced  of  their  villages  \  info- 
muth,  th.it  foine  of  the  Portu^utj]:  affurM 
me, they  hid  feen  no  countries  bettn  lh)i  LM 
with  people  thro'  the  whole  extent  of  the 
/Imazon  river. 

The  great  fort  of  Piira  \^^  iuiilt  thirty 
lea,pies  below  Commiila,  b.lon^ing  to  the 
PorlugHi-fr,  whojuvc toinnionly  tlun-agir 
rilon  of  three  companies  of  tout,  under  ilie 
foinniand  of  a  |j;overnour,  wlu)  has  the 
ovcrfi^^hr  of  all  other  ofTicirs  of  girrilons 
hilonj'iiig  to  hi.  ^ovrmnunt  \  but  this  '^o- 
veriiour  is  under  the  iutifdidion  ot  him  "( 
M,ir,i^mii,  and  mull  obi y  liis  ordiis.  'I'i.c 
government  ot'.V/ «!;'<;«'/;;  is  above  a  liiiiKlred 
and  thirty  Ic.ijvis  dill  ant  from  /'.c.;,  down 
alonff  the  \'\\\r,  .ind  towards  Ih.u-'  \  whii  h 
occalions  gicat  ineoiiv;  nieni.i,s  in  the  u)ii. 
diirt  .if  alfairv,  in  rLliiion  to  iheyoveinnient 
of  Parr 

The  ill.md  ,,',v  .VJi,/,  or  ol'thc  fun,  is  four- 
teen leagues  below  the  moutii  of  the  ri\i  r 
of  the  JmazTi<\  it  has  a  great  harbour 
ll.lter'dfrom  ill  winds,  in  wliidi  fliip,  may 
t  ide  with  gre.it  f.ifety  •,  and  when  they  have  a 
mind  to  l.iil,  llicy  need  only  wait  tor  the 
full  moon,  when  the  fea  is  higher  than  or- 
dinary, and  tiny  may  pal's  over  all  the 
lands,  which  render  the  entrance  of  this  river 
difficult.  This  itland  is  above  ten  leagues  in 
compafs ;  there  is  very  good  water  in  it, 
and  abundance  of  fea  .mil  river  fifli.  It  af- 
fords all  necelTiry  accommodation  for  life, 
thelind  being  extraordinary  truitlul,  anil 
capable  of  maintaining  as  many  people  as 
cm  ilcfire  to  fettle  there.  An  infinite  num- 
ber of  crabs  is  founil  there,  which  are  the 
common  food  of  the  Iiulunn,  ami  other  poor 
people,  being  now  the  in.iin  liippui  t  ui Pwa  \ 
lur  this  is  the  principal  illand  to  wiiicii  ih'--y 
rvjforc,  to  leek  lulifilLuiee  for  tiu:  inliabit.ui'-. 
'J'wenty-fix  leagues  !)eIow  this  ifland  of 
the  fun,  diredly  under  the  line,  this  river 
of  \\k  .tmaz'jiii  is  eighty  tour  leagues  over, 
bounded  on  the  fouth  fide  by  /.af>tirar,i, 
ami  on  the  other  by  the  north  cape,  between 
which  it  difcharges  it  felf  into  the  ocean.  It 
may  be  call'd  a  lea  of  frcfh  water,  mixing 
with  the  flit  of  the  fea,  being  the  nobleft 
nntl  largefl  river  in  the  known  world.  This 
fame  nv.r  is  otherwile  cail'd  Oi't'llaiia,  the 
name  of  the  firll  Spaiiiarii  that  faii'd  down 
it  from  Peru.  Tlie  length  of  its  courfe  has 
been  long  reckonM  onethoufand  two  hundred 
leventy -fix  leagues,but  later  difeoveries make 
it  on,-  thouland  eight  hundred , in  which  courfe 
it  fertilizes  an  infinite  number  of  nations,  and 
almoft  cui^  South- /hnerica  alunder,  receiv- 
ing abundance  ot  the  noblell  and  fincil 
rivers  in  that  part  of  the  new  world,  which 


MtHlh  of 
thi  Anu- 
■iCHi  rher 


run  down  to  it  on  both  fide"!.  Anothci 
thing  of  it  IS  remarkable,  and  is,  that  it 
runs  out  with  hich  ,i  torrent,  th.it  frcfh  water 
may  b"  t.ikc  n  up  above  thnty  leagues  at 
lla  i  its  torce  and  r.ipidity  hindering  it  from 
mixing  with  the  lalt.  It  i.s  to  licoblerv'd, 
tii.it  wii.itloever  /w/rij/i-.n;!  firfl  pofVelsthem- 
felv(sot  the  ill.md  of  the  Inn,  will  Cutily 
command  the  entrance  into  ihit  noble  river 
of  the  /liniyiii,  and  leciire  the  tr.ule  of  ic 
to  ihemlilves. 

The  I  ike  of  P.viin.i,  fo  much  fpoken  off'' '''' ' 
by  m.iiiy  authors,  is  now  g.ner.illy  .igreed  ""''^' 
to  be  altogether  I'.ibulous  am!  imagin.iry  ; 
the  lit':.h  from  C.iyeniic  ha\  in;;  made  ail 
imagin.ilile  le.inh  .iltir  it,  .is  \W-  i\paHiiit.n 
and  oilur  nations  had  done  belore  :  and  toi 
the  city  Miiwi,  or  hi  Dor.iJo,  it  is  of  the 
l.ime  flamp.  lor  h.id  there  been  any  fuch 
we.ilth,  as  many  h.ive  reported  to  be  in 
that  pi. ice,  no  olill.ules  wmiM  h.ivc  been 
fuiricient  to  llop  ilie  piogrels  ot  luiio/rJHi, 
but  they  would  h.ive  re.ieh'd  it  long  ago: 
.ind  it  is  certain  the  S-ni:ia)\!s,  who  firit 
he.ird  the  report  of  it,  and  were  abKt  to  liib- 
due  the  molt  valuable  part  ot  //'/;. r/,.;,  would 
not  have  been  b.iffled  in  the  purluii  of  fmh 
tieafuie.istli.il  pl.ice  was  given  t/Ut  to  ton- 
tain  ;  bur  ih.it  alttr  fearching  all  that  coun- 
try, they  were  fully  convinc'd  it  was  fairy 
trLafurc,  a  niicr  chimiiT.i  or  invention,  and 
therefore  they  g.ive  over  the  purfuit  ot  it, 
biing  lati'-lied  thole  countries  afforded  no- 
thing worth  their  toils.  The  Poilugi'efe  after 
them  took  no  little  pains  to  find  out  th.ii 
imaginary  irealure,  .mil  to  as  little  purpolii  ; 
the  AWv/i./',  as  has  been  laid,  have  lollow'd 
their  example  from  Cayenne,  with  the  like 
fuccefs;  and  our  .Sir  //  '.I'u-r  liiil:'igh\  lb  much 
ci  lebiatcd  voy.ige  toG.7/.7»;(/,was  on  the  lame 
accouiit,  and  turn'd  as  little  to  his  honour, 
nor  did  he  ni.ikr  any  other  profit  than  what 
accrued  by  rolibing  of  the  SpMi;rJ<. 

Sime  1  am  upon  the  defciiption  of  tliu 
part  of  /lincrua,  .mil  have  had  occalion 
to  mention  the  famous  riv.r  of  the  ////;.; 
zoii>,  it  will  not,  I  hope,  bedilagreeable  to 
give  fome  f.irther  account  of  the  laid  river, 
from  the  bell:  Spunijh  authors,  who  alone 
are  able  to  aci]uaint  us  with  what  has  been 
liihover'd  relating  to  it. 

When  i'lancii  Pizano  had  lubducd  theorcUni 
empire  of  P,ri(,    he  gave  the  governmentA'y'.?''" 
ot  yJiiitJ,  and  fome  other  northern  provinces,'''"'"  '"; 
to  Ills  brothtr  (lonzaio  Pizarro;  who  relolv- y\,„j/g„s 
ing  to   make  farther  difeoveries  weflward, 
in  hopes  of   finding  much    gold,     he  let 
out  with  a  good  number  ot  S/miiianh,  among 
whom    was  Don  h'raniijco  de   Onllana,  a 
gentleman  of  good  birth  and  quality:  atter 
many  days  travel,  being  in  great   want  of 
provifions,  Pizsrro  fent  this  Orellana  in  a 
bark,  with  fixtymen,  down  arivertofeek 
for   provifions.     He   ran  down  with    the 

ftreain 


Id.  Anotlifi 
ml  U,  th.it  II 
Lit  frefh  water 
ty  Ica^ui*  .11 
tcring  ic  trom 
J  he  obl'ervM, 
polKis  tliem- 
n,  will  c.if'ily 
It  noble  riviT 
he  tr.ule  of  it 

Lich  fjiokcn  of  Jf'  '■•'' ', 
KT.illy  .ii^recii    ""  ' 
ii!  im.n^in.iiy  v 
I'in^',  in.ulu  .ill 

llir  Spu.iiir.ii 
I'lorc  :  iiiul  lt)i 
3,  it  is  of  thi: 
heen  any  liich 
rtcil  to  lie  ill 
ill  I  I1.1VC  Intii 
ot  I'.iiioje.insy 

It  long  ago : 
i\!s,  wlio  firll 
re  .il)l.'  to  llib- 
-•/wrv/,  M.woiikl 
)urluiL  ol  HkIi 
'M  (.ut  to  ton- 
:  all  that  conn 
M  it  was  fairy 
invention,  and 
:  purfuit  ol  it, 
i  aRbrtled  no- 
'oflugi'ej'e  alii.T 
)  fiikl  out  that 

ittle  jHirpole  i 

have  lollow'd 

with  the  like 

/^/''s  fonuicli 
on  the  fame 
to  his  honour, 

ofit  than  what 

inion  of  thn 
had  occalioii 
ot  the  /Im.i- 
ila[^rceablt  to 
the  laid  river, 
who  .Tlone 
■hat  has  been 

I'uhdlicd   tlieOrcliina 
govcrnnientA''y'.C'"' 
fcern  provinces, ''»""'''•; 
who  refolv-  a„„,o„s 
ies  wellward, 
^old,     he   fet 
'liarih,  among 
Orellana,  a 
juality:  after 
(jreat   want  oi 
Ordlaiid  in  a 
a  rivt-r  to  feek 
wn  with    the 
ftrcain 


iti'aimi, 
tfil.t 
Ama.'.uni 
•i:ir. 


the  River  of  the  Amazons. 


?^7 


(Ircim  for  fcver.il  tUys  throiiah  .idcfart  coun- 
try, till  he  came  10  another  inhabited  \ 
when  findinjt  it  very  diHieiilt  to  ntnrn  up 
two  luintlred  leagues,  to  the  [jlitr  lioni 
when' e  he  came,  he  rcfolvM  to  proceed  ; 
and  w.iscarryM  irum  the  river  on  which  he 
ludinibarkM  into  that  of  the  Am.tzonu  fo 
callM  in  reality  from  foine  women  they  law 
Hf^htinnaiiKin;^  tlie  men:  which  gave  occa- 
lioii  to  the  fu  much  talL'dot  table  of  a  coun- 
try ot  Amazons,  invented  by  lotiie  men  in 
imitation  of  tholi:  tormerly  talk'd  oi  in  Ajui, 
A  chiniiura  much  like  that  above  mention'd  ol 
the  lake  ol  I'a'iiini,  and  the  city  Muna; 
tor  never  could  thi:i  touiitry  be  tound  .my 
more  ill  in  that  lake  or  I  ity  :  fo  that  many  y;o 
onittctUn^fonianilell  a  fic'tioii,wiilu)iii  uiii- 
li  lerin;^  the  .ibfolute  impaHibility  of  liuh 
pl.i(e>  being  hid  to  the  leaich  of  li)  many 
perlons,  as  have  ran^^'d  ,ill  ihoU  nt^ions  in 
(111  ll  ol  them. 

On-Haii  I  fiii'd  two  hundred  le.ijj,ucs  lar 
thv r  in  nine  ilays,  .iiul  lame  to  a  ciumtry  of 
pcaie.iiile  liitii.ins,  aIio  lupply'd  him  with 
provifioiis,  .md  there  he  (laid  and  built  a 
lirig.intine.  He  run  alinoll  two  hundred 
leagues  farther,  without  lindinj;  any  Imluin 
towns  i  and  then  w.n  fnpply'd  with  tortoiles 
and  parrots,  partridges  and  feveral  liirt. of 
tifli  V  th  re  he  Ihiid  thirty-five  days,  ami 
builc  another  brigantine.  That  plaie  was 
I.. iWW  Apana.  Proceeding  eighty  leagues,  he 
lound  no  warlike  [iiili(ii:>  in  that  fp.ice  -,  but 
was  afterwardsforc'd  to  light  his  way  through 
fliets  olc.moesfullot  arm'd  huliaiu  \  and  to 
land  and  get  provilionr,  by  force.  The  par- 
ticulars ot  tiiis  relation  are  too  long  lor  this 
place  ;  and  thereiore  1  lliall  only  obferve, 
iliat  alter  many  encounters,  they  fpy'dfome 
women  lighting  del'perately  at  the  head  of 
ihi-  nun  1  and  not  iinderllanding  the  natives, 
f.iniyM  they  talkM  to  them  ot  Amaz'in,  and 
that  there  was  lueh  a  nation  :  v.hereas  there 
w. IS  nothing  but  tin.  lav.ige  fiercenels  of  thole 
tew  women  to  ground  the  notion  upon,  as 
has  becnohkrv'd  :ilri;.uiy.  y\n.l  therdijre  ic 
will  be  neeillefs  to  infill  longer  upon  ,1  thing, 
that  has  been  long  llnce  exploded  by  all 
men  of  Icnfe. 

l.eaving  that  innginary  nation,  I  will 
proceed  to  the  account  Amnna  ?r,ives  of  the 
river  of  tlie  Jmuzoni.,  v  '  eh  is  as  follows. 
I'his  river  runs  from  wei  o  call,  coniinu- 
ally  on  the  touth  lide  oftK  Mjuinodtial,  ne- 
ver de[)arting  from  it  above  two,  three,  four, 
or  at  moll  live  degrees,  in  the  reateltofits 
windings.  This  author  makes  it  to  rife  in 
the  kingdom  of  .':J/(;Vv,  in  the  north  of  Av/^; 
but  the  jefuits  living  in  that  kuigdom,  lay  it 
riles  in  the  lake  L.juiicoi/jj,  near  the  city 
Ciiuimcco  i  and  they  being  better  acquainted 
witJi  that  part,  I  Ihall  palii  by  what  Aiuii/ia 
farther  fays  of  its  origiiul,  whicii  he  did  not 
lee,  and  inferc  ic  afterwards  from  thofe  je- 


fuitii,  proceeding  n.T*  to  what  Atuniia  fays  OAn nor. 
of  iticourfe,  of  which  he  was  an  eyc-witnels.  ^'^V^' 
He  dclcribes  it  thus:  It.'«  courfe  is  full  of 
windings  reciiving  a  great  number  of  other 
rivers  from  both  the  north  and  fouth  fides : 
the  breadth  varies  inuch,  being  in  fome 
places  a  Icigiie  ;  in  others  two,  three,  or 
more  ;  but  the  mouth  of  it  is  cighty-loui 
leagues  over.  The  narrowcfl  place  in  all 
itscourle  from  Pmi,  being  a  c|uartcr  of  a 
league,  or  link-  leis,  m  two  degrees  forty 
minutes  of  lonih  latitude  :  the  depth  is  fo 
great,  tli.it  in  lome  pkiu's  we  loukl  find  no 
bottom  ;  and  fiom  the  mouth  ol  it  to  Riv 
Ne^io,  or  the  black  river,  being  near  fix 
hundred  leagues,  never  lels  than  thirty  ot 
liirty  fithoiii  w.iter  in  the  i>re.itell  ihannel  i 
but  Ironi  thence  upwards  the  depth  is  un- 
certain, I'onvtiines  twint\ ,  fometimej  twelve 
aiiil  liniiutinu-s  eight  l.iihumi  aiul  up  at  the 
highcll  towards  t'f'ti,  it  has  w.itcr  ( luHigli 
to  carry  the  laigcll  \'iflils,  which  m.iy  w.  II 
go  up  it :  for  tho'  the  cuinnt  be  Ibmetimes 
fwilt,  yet  every  day,  without  tail,  there  are 
callerly  breezes,  which  kill  three  or  four 
hours,  and  fomctimes  the  whole  day,  and 
check  the  ftream  •,  fo  that  it  i.  not  violent. 
It  is  lull  of  innunii  rahle  illands  of  leveral 
fizcs,  and  fome  of  tlkin  Handing  very  dole 
together.  Some  ot  them  ate  tour  or  live 
leagues  in  compal's,  others  ten,  and  others 
twenty!  liut  that  the  7o«/',' )/<<//;/'%■(  1  inhabit, 
is  above  a  hundred  le.igues  about:  there  are 
alio  abundance  ol  ihiall  illands,  all  whi;  li 
:ii  ■  overflowM  every  ye.ir,  as  is  much  of  the 
1  uge  ones.  There  is  fuch  vail  pleiuy  ot  filli, 
that  if  any  one  oilers  it  to  the  natives,  their 
common  aiifwer  is,  fti!  t!  ii.to  •jai,r  own  dijtj. 
They  take  very  much,  without  any  other  in- 
llrument  but  their  hands.  The  Mtnaii  is 
the  choicell  ol  all  their  fi(h  •,  and  found  from 
the  very  lource  to  the  mouth  of  the  river. 

Tho'  this  river  lies  .ill  alor,"  lb  ni'ar  the 
eqiiinoc'tial,  yet  the  heat  of  the  fiin  is  not 
olienlive,  nor  the  evening  air,  notwiihlland- 
ing  its  bt  ing  cold  ,ind  moill,  prejudicial  : 
for  during  our  voyage  down  it,  I  treqiiently 
pafs'u  whole  niglits  in  tik  open  air,  wiihouC 
receiving  any  hurt  ol  colds,  or  pains  in  my 
head  or  limbs ;  anel  yet  have  lek  the  ill  con- 
leqiience  oi  being  abro.id  in  moon-fiiine 
nights  in  other  parts.  It  is  true,  that  moll 
of  our  men,  who  cimelrom  cold  countries, 
had  agues  at  firfl,  but  were  cured  by  bleed- 
ing two  or  three  times. 

Thisfweet  temperature  of  the  air  caufes 
all  the  banks  of  the  river  to  be  cover'd 
with  a  thoufmd  feveral  forts  of  lovely 
trees ;  the  pleafanc  verdure  whereof,  is  per- 
petually pieferv'd  by  the  moderate  nature 
of  the  climate.  We  elifcovcr'd  every  where 
moll  beautiful  landlkips  -,  which  convinc'd 
us,  that  nature  was  able,  where  it  pleas'd,  to 
exceed  art. 

The 


li' 


fC 


H  s 


t 


% 


I.  ,     > " 


^68 


A  Description   of 


mbku.lif    I'll    f. 


1 


Barhot.  The  ground  is  commonly  very  low  near 
t/'VNJt.he  b.mks,  but  rifes  gradually  at  fome  dif- 
t.incc  with  little  hills,  adjoining  to  delight- 
ful pUins,  all  cover'd  with  flowers,  and  no 
trees  among  them.  Beyond  them  are  lovely 
v.iles,  cloth'd  with  grafs  and  I'everal  forts  of 
herbs,  prelerv'd  continually  green,  by  tlie 
many  rivulets  running  through  them.  F.tv- 
theronflilj  archills,  rifing  one  above  ano- 
ther, till  they  form  thofe  liigh  mountains, 
which  run  acrofs  all  South  j-hnerica,  and  are 
cail'd  la  Cordillera, or  the  ridge  of  tlK-  .liides. 
There  are  many  tiiickets  producing  all  forts 
offimplcs,  which  the  natives  know  how  to 
ufc  for  tile  cure  of  dil'eafcs.  Among  them 
arc  C;^.;-trees,  bearing  the  beil  CaJJia  of 
all  the  U'lJI-Ii:....-!  ;  as  alfo  cxceiknt . *>'«/-/;<- 
/•r.rH.'ci,  gums  and  rofins  very  gooil  for 
bruifes ;  and  a  prodigious  qU.unity  of  ho- 
ney, which  is  not  to  be  exhaulled,  being  as 
good  to  eat,  a:  for  the  compofuion  of  \'ari- 
oiis  medicines ;  ■,\nd  in  pro;)onion,  of  a  fort 
of  black  wax.  There  is  balfani  ot  Ca/'ayb!!, 
the  bell  in  y/merica;  antl  in  fhort,  an  in- 
credible variety  of  herbs  and  pl.ints,  and 
tr.'cs  of  a  I'urprizing  talincfs  and  bulk. 

Four  things  particularly  abounil  on  this 
river;  i.  timber  for  building,  fine  ebony, 
and  common  wood  ;  2.  cacao-trees  for  mak- 
ing of  chocolate,  covering  the  banks  and 
growing  wild-,  :j.  tobacco  m  infinite  plenty, 
,md  4.  fugar,  i.sMo  Anotto  or  Rosou,  and 
Pita,  being  excellent  thread,  befidesa  thou- 
f'lnd  other  things.  It  is  reafbnabic  to  be- 
lieve there  are  gold  and  filver  mines,  be- 
cuife  I  law  much  gold  among  the  ///(/;  i>is  we 
met  in  going  down,  and  they  alTur'd  us  theie 
were  mines  of  both  forts. 

This  great  river  receives  the  waters  of  the 
ri.lieft  countries  of  i'uK.'A //;/;iv;trt  ;  in  many 
parts  along  it,  the  country  is  extraordinary 
populous,  as  appears  by  tlie  huts  being  lb 
iliick  together,  tho'  tluy  are  in  continual 
w.iis,  dellroyiiig  and  making  flaves  of  one 
.mother  in  their  turns.  Tliey  fcem  l-.ojd 
enough  among  tiiemtelves,  but  will  not  fl.md 
before /'.«;o,'rij;/.'.  Their  arm^  ,ire  javelins, 
dares,  and  Hat  heavy  clubs.  But  enough  of 
this  digrefTion,  let  us  return  to  the  account 
ot  Guuuiii. 
Eunnoans  ^^^  ^^'^^  o'  Guiana,  iiom  cape  Orn)!ge  to 
j»  Guiana. near  t!ie  river  Or6«o^;/t',  was,  about  the  year 
1666,  pofTefTed  by  three  European  nations. 
The  Dw/i  ^  were  about  the  river ///iroag/fc  ; 
the  Freihh  had  tlie  idand  of  Casenne,  and  the 
rivers  o^  Ovia,  Corroti,  and  5(»;awrtrv ;  this 
kill  about  twenty- five  leagues  north-weft; 
from  Cayenne,  and  filty-three  eaft  from  Su- 
rvi.im  ;  and  the  /■'.ni^liflj  had  a  hnall  colony 
and  redoubt  on  tiie  river  Muronny,  their  chief 
fettlement  being  then  at  Suriii.im  river,  wiiicli 
is  lo  good  and  deep,  tnat  fliips  of  three  hun- 
dred tons  run  twenty  leagues  up  it.  'I'hc 
ZsaluH.lersv/ac  polTefs'd  of  the  river  Berbiche, 


and  had  repuls'd  the  EngHflj  who  attack \! 
them  there,  with  confiderable  lof^.  The 
fame  year  1666,  the  \k.\[.e%o\  Zealand,  being 
provok'd  at  the  Englijb  having  invaded,  and 
r.iken  from  them  all  the  lands  they  had  been 
poltiVd  ot  in  /Imerica,  except  tiie  river  Ber- 
hkbr,  lent  thither  commodore  CreiJTen  with 
four  men  of  war,  and  three  hundred  men,  to 
attack  i'.vr/y/dw.  Mefail'dfrom  Zealand. u 
the  latter  end  of  January,  arriv'd  at  Cayennr 
in  March,  went  thence  for  Surinam,  faii'd 
up  the  river  under  EngHflj  colours,  and  came 
to  the  fort  of  Paramorbo^  three  leagues  up 
tiie  river,  without  being  taken  for  an  ene- 
iny  ;  but  being  dilcover'd  there  for  want  of 
fignals,  the  tort  begin  to  fire  on  iiis  Hiips, 
which  he  aiifwerM  with  bro.id-fides  from  all 
tiie  veffels,  and  immediately  landed  iiis  forces. 
The  Engijh  who  hid  li\'d  long  in  profound 
iecurity,  found  thcmfeivts  too  weak,  and  the 
fort  in  no  pnlUire  of  dt fence  on  the  land- 
fide  •,  and  their  habitations  being  difperl'ed 
along  the  river,  for  tiiirty  leagues  up,  the 
fort  could  not  be  fuccour'd  but  by  water, 
where  the  Ze.tland.-rs  were  mafters :  upon 
whic'  confiJerations,  they  furreiider'd  it,  ca- 
pitulating for  all  the  inh.ihitants  of  the  river 
of  Surinam,  and  tiiofe  of  Kamimiejue  ;  ftipu - 
lating,  that  .dl  chole  who  Hioulcl  take  the 
oath  of  fidelity  to  the  ll.ites  of  ZM/;;;;(i,niould 
enjoy  their  ellates  peaceably  •,  the  habita- 
tions of  fuch  as  abfented  themfclves,  and 
thofe  belonging  to  the  late  lord  IPlllougbbj, 
fhould  be  forfeited  to  the  laid  dates ;  all  fo- 
reigners, who  had  no  plantations  there,  fliould 
remain  prifoners  of  war,  and  all  the  En^lijh 
beoblig'd  to  deliver  up  tlieir  arms.  When 
the  capitulation  was  executed,  Creiffen  put 
aboard  a  Hy-bo.u  he  hid  taken  in  tlie  river, 
the  moll  valuable  part  of  the  booty  he  found 
in  the  places  that  were  confilcated,  and  tlie 
prifoners  aboard  a  man-of-war,  after  caufing 
the  to:  t  to  be  rejiair'd  .ind  put  into  a  poflure 
ol  defence;  ar.d  leaving  in  it  the  fieur  dc  Rome 
with  a  iiundred  and  twenty  men,  he  tiiil'd  for 
the  iflands. 

Tiie  y*nv.\.7j  colony  at  Cayenne,  was  foun- Co/iW.-;  .7; 
ded  in  the  reign  of  'Le-:vii  XUI.  of  France  ;  Cjycr.n.-. 
but  lb  much  negleded,  during  the  minority 
of  his  luccelVor,  by  reafon  of  the  civil  wars 
in  France,  that  the  new  company,  which 
had  obtain'd  of  the  king  the  propriety  of 
that  illand,  and  the  continent  of  America 
neigiibouring  upon  it,  made  little  or  no  ad- 
vantage of  it ;  and  therefore  in  the  year  i66j 
made  it  over  to  another  company,  which 
had  a  patent  granted  by  the  late  king  of 
FniniC,  datetl  in  Aprd  1 664,  and  fent  ovei 
governours  and  officers,  to  take  podrfrion  ol 
it  in  tiieir  name,  forbidding  tlie  inhabitants 
to  trade  with  .iny  other  European  nation  ;  by 
whom,  efpecially  the  Dutch,  they  ui'ed  to  be 
before  lupply'd  with  flavts,  provifiyns,  and 
clothes, 

The 


the  Ifland  of  Cayenne. 


^^i? 


The  king  of  Frmtee,  having  declar'd  war 
againft  England  in  January  1666,  purfuant 
to  his  treaty  with  the  dates  of  the  united 
provinces,    it  was   c;irry'd  into  the   iflands 
and  continent  of  /America,  notwithftanding 
the  good  correfpondence  -,  which  general  de 
Ifl  Bdtre  had  fettled  between  the  Eitglifh  at 
Surinam,    and  the  colony  of  Cayenne,  du- 
ring hisgovernmrnt  tiurc  in  1664  and  1665; 
allowing,  and  even  afTilling  them,  to  fi(h 
and  trade  with  tiieir  floops  and  barks,  about 
the  river  ll'i ipcco,  cape  North,  and  the  J- 
mazons :  which  liberty,  the  goveniour  of 
Cayenne  the  chevalier  Je  Lcz_>,    brotiier  to 
the  before-mcntion'd  general,  had  continu'd 
them  to  enjoy,    by  a  particular  treaty  of 
neutrality  for  thecoaltsof  G/o's/w,  notwiili- 
flandingthc  declaration  of  w.ir,  between  tlie 
Kt-nch      two  crowns  in  Europe.      Neverihelefs,    on 
h'tly  /i"--  the  foiirteentii  of  .-lir^till  1666,  JFiUiam  Ri- 
f'"'A^_   am  ihe  Englijh  commander  at  Surinum,  fenc 
['il'     °    a  letter  to  colonel  Nod,  the  French  chiel'at 
Sinama'-y,  to  acquaint  him,  lie  was  orderM 
by  the  lord  JFil'nt^hby,  general  of  the  Eng- 
li/Jj  colonies  in  Suutb-.tnu'ruu,  to  whom  he 
was  fuborJinate,  to  make  voiii  the  neutrality, 
agreed  on  between  the  two  national  colo- 
nies in  America,  declaring  that  from  thence- 
forward the  French  on  the  coafl:  of  Guiana, 
were  to  look  upon  the  Englifh  on  that  coaft, 
as  well  as  elfewherc,  as  their  enemies,    who 
v.ould  adf  againft  them  for  the  future  as  fuch. 
And  about  four  of  the  clock  the  very  next 
morning,    the   French    not    fufpcfting  any 
lurprize  from  the  E.nglij}j  of  Surinam,  which 
was  fifty-three  leagues  diftanr,  were  aflault- 
c.i  by  eighty  Ei.^JiJh  and  Luiians  of  that  ri- 
ver, in  their  redoubt,  unprovided  of  arms 
;,nd  amiv.unition,   and  fifty  of  tiiem  m:ul^ 
piifonersot  war,  with  colonel  Ni/ci ;  and  a- 
bout  twenty  otliers  made  their  efcape  to  the 
woods,  and  broight  the  account  of  their 
misfortune,  and  the  breach  of  neutrality  to 
Cayenne. 
Fn/iiOi  '^^^  Zer.landers  of  Berliche  fome  time 

(«>  Cay- after  took  the  Enghjh  fettlements  at  Suri- 
tonf  r.am  and  at  Sinamary ;  and  about  the  twen- 
ty-third of  September  1667,  the  En;^!ifl}  un- 
iler  Sir  John  Harnuin,  having  refolv'd  to 
recover  Surinam  and  take  Cayenne,  which 
they  knew  the  lyeft-Inlia  company  of 
France  had  left  unprovided  fiiicc  the  rionth 
ol'  Ochbcr  1666,  of  uil  manner  of  (lores, 
l)y  which  the  colony  was  becoine  very  weak 
and  fickly,  and  had  order'il  the  chevalier  tie 
Lezy,  to  difcontinue  all  the  fortifications, 
begun  for  the  fecurity  of  the  ifland,  (fe. 
appeared  before  Maburi  point  in  Casennc, 
landed  there  two  hundred  men,  before  the 
governonr,  with  his  few  forces  gather'd  in 
jV'eat  halle,  could  come  up  to  oppofe  the 
cl'iliuit  ;  which  being  liirtainri!  by  leven  or 
(•i:',ht  hundred  otlar  men  in  floops  and 
boats,  rendcr'd  the  efforts  of  the  French  to 
Vol..  V, 


repulfe  them  fruitlcfs  there.  The  chevalier  BARnor. 
de  Lezy  endeavour'd  to  rally  his  men  about  ^■^'V*^. 
the  chappd  of  liemire  or  Armire,  but  in 
vain;  and  theconfternaiion  being  great  all 
over  the  ifland,  he  order'd  all  the  inhabi- 
tants to  fliip  themfelves  in  fome  barques 
that  were  in  the  port,  and  to  come  to  him 
to  the  river  Alacouriague,  five  leagues  from 
Cayenne,  whither  he  fled,  to  prepare  the  In- 
diiins  there  to  alTill  him,  and  flielter  the  fu- 
gitives. But  feveral  of  the  inhabitants  forc'd 
tiie  maflers  of  the  floops  to  carry  thcin  to 
the  river  Maronni,  contrary  to  the  ilirec- 
tions  of  their  governour ;  who  having  waited 
twenty-four  hours  for  them,  on  the  banks 
of  the  Macouriague,  where  he  h.id  appoint- 
ed the  rendezvous,  and  not  receiving  the 
leaft  intelligence  of  ihem,  went  thence,  coafl- 
ing  the  fhore,  all  along  to  the  Zeal.iiulers 
at  Surinam,  leaving  admiral  Harman  and 
his  Eng!i//j  in  polTelTion  ot  the  whole  ifland 
of  Cinenne,  at  a  very  cheap  rate:  but  it 
was  afterwards  reflor'd  to  the  French,  by 
the  tre.ity  of  peace,  and  the  chevalier  ile  Lc~y 
to  the  government. 

The  French  and  Dutch  have  h.id   long  Dutch 
conterts  about  tiiis  ifland,    and  drove   one'"'*''- 
another  out  of  it  fucccnively.   In  the  year 
1677,  t\\t  Dutch  tiien  at  war  with  France, 
took  th.e  ifland  of  Cay-yine  from  the  French. 
Jacob  Binkes,  admiral  oi  '/.calami,  arriv'd  the 
fourth  oi May  1677,  before  Cayenne  ;  on  the 
fifth  he  landed  eleven  hundred  men,    with- 
out   any    oppofition,    fummon'd    fort    •SV. 
Lemi  to  furrender,    and  being  refufed,  at- 
tack'd  it  with  fuch  good  fuccefs,   that  the 
garrifon  confifting  of  three  hundred  men, 
commanded  by  the  governour  the  cheva- 
lier lie   Lezy,    linrender'd   tliemtelves   the 
lame  day  prifoners  of  war.    5;;ji.V)  in  a  few 
days  fubdu'd  the  rell  of  the  ifland,  and  fenc 
to  H'jll.tnd  for  men  to  fettle  there,    look- 
ing upon  it  as  a  better  place  than  Sttrtnatn, 
and  as  fruitful  as  tlie  belt  of  Brazil.    Whilft 
an  anfwer  could   come   from   Holland,   lie 
fail'd  thence  on  the  twenty-tliird  of  May, 
leaving  a  good  g.trrifon  for  the    Leeward 
iflands,  and  on  the  firft  of  June  took  that 
of  Marig:i'aHte.     But  tlie  French  foon  dilap-  Prencti 
pointed    all    Binkei's  projects;   the  French  recivir  it. 
vice-admiral,  tlie  count  ./"/-.//nr;,  recovering 
Cuye'ine,  and  rclloring  it  to  the  proprietors, 
who  have  ever  fince  continu'd  polielVd  of 
and  confiderably  improv'd  it,  driving  the 
Dutch  from  JFuipoco  and  the  river  Aproague, 
as  has  been  laid  before :  lb  that  at  prefent 
they  have  no  fetrlcmcnts  on  that  coaft,  be- 
fides  Surinam  and  Berbiche  ;  and  the  Englijh 
none,  having  by  tlie  treaty  of  Breda  given 
up  all  their  pretenfions  to  the  continent  of 
South- America  to  the  Dutch  ;  and  particular- 
ly the  river  of  Surinam,    which  is  now  a 
large  ftrong  colony,    very  profitable  to  the 
Dutch,  among  whom  are  alio  fome  French 
7  F  refugeei, 


Hi! 


S     \: 


m. 


il." 


■''■..  ■ '  * ; 

•  til'     ';■■  •■■■ 


.Jt' 


Ut !,: 


Mti 


i'.\ 


if|i:,':v.ii;^ 


ii-'^Ji'Vl 


,!'    ■Iwl 


m 


\A    I 


i 


.My. 

ml  ! 


Hi  . 


?7o 


TheCourfe  of  Na'vigation 


n.MiBOT  refugees,    eminent  for  their  traffick   and 

v-O/^'  we;iith. 

Tiie  Dutch  town  (lands  on  a  rifing 
ground  environ'd  witii  inor.ines,  whicli  ren- 
ders the  air  unwholefome,  but  is  nevertjie- 
Icls  pretty  Well  peopled  and  forcify'd  •,  a 
tiling  in  wiiich  the  HollnnJen  fparc  no  la- 
bour oi-  charges,  where  they  make  a  fetclc- 
nient :  and  fo  they  have  built  good  forts  at 
the  entries  of  the  rivers  of  Arid-/;^  and  Effe- 
quebf,  for  the  feciiriry  of  their  colonics  there. 
All  whieli  neverthelefs  were  obli{J,'d  by  the 
French,  under  Monfeur  Caffurl,  to  ranlome 
themfclves,  in  the  year  1713. 


Thus  I  have  endeavoured  to  give  a  fhort. 
account  of  the  province  of  Guiana,  and  ot 
the  Eiirofi'an  colonies  there,  as  they  Hand 
at  this  prefent  time,  in  a  much  clearer  way 
and  method  than  any  yet  extant,  as  alfo  ot 
the  fevcr.d  nations  of  Indians ;  all  upon  the 
beft  authorities  that  can  be  had,  from  [xr- 
fons  of  much  credit,  in  regard  ot  their  can 
dour,  intelligence  and  experiences  in  that 
part  of  the  new  world:  to  which  I  have 
added  fome  of  my  own  obfervations,  which 
I  have  reafon  to  hope,  will  not  be  altoge- 
ther unacceptable. 


The  Course  of  Navigation'  from  Cayefme  to  Mart'mico. 


HAVING  refolv'd  to  proceed  on  our 
voyage  to  yiartiniOy  we  fet  fiil  ac- 
cordingly on  the  fourth  of  Mas  ; 
hut  had  not  gone  a  gun-fliot  from  the  roatl, 
before  wc  were  To  becdm'd,  that  it  oblig'd 
VIS  to  come  to  an  anchor,  on  very  bad 
ground  :  whenc  e  however  we  got  out  with 
much  labour  towards  night,  when  wc  fell 
ibmewhat  lower,  and  there  anchor'd  again, 
to  wait  for  the  next  morning  tide.  But  the 
rains  falling  very  heavily  all  that  day,  we 
tarry 'd  there  till  the  day  after,  when  we 
fail'd  with  a  very  fwifc  north-eaft  wind. 
Being  part  the  point  of  the  fort,  we  filutetl 
it  with  five  guns,  and  about  two  in  the 
afternoon,  were  to  leeward  of  the  great 
rock,  call'd  i^Enfanl  perdu,  in  four  fathom 
water  -,  but  full  of  fear,  becaufe  it  is  not 
the  ufual  courfe,  and  we  could  not  iuftify 
It :  for  had  %ve  drop'd  anchor  thereabouts, 
we  had  certainly  lo(t  the  fhip.  Which  made 
us  refolve  to  give  it  into  the  hands  of  pro- 
vidence, which  was  indeed  very  propitious 
to  US  in  that  extremity  ;  fo  that  at  fun-fet- 
ting  we  were  three  leagues  to  the  windward 
of  the  7>i'«'.v  Illandf,  which  lie  well  of 
r Enfant  jerdu,  near  the  coalt  of  Guiana  ; 
and  are  (b  call'd,  b-.cauli;  of  the  great  trou- 
ble and  ha/.ani  the  French  have  commonly 
been  at,  to  weather  them  in  calm  weather. 
Tiie  tide  fet  very  I'wift  upon  them,  but 
ihe  frefli  gale  and  good  tide  did  us  confi- 
ilerable  fervice  ;  and  it  isoblerv'd,  that  ge- 
ner.illy  all  Ihips  which  come  out  o)i  Casenne, 
are  very  lUKJious  to  improve  the  opportunity 
of  wind  and  tide,  fo  exadly  together,  as 
they  may  fail  to  windward  of  this  rock ; 
lying  out  at  lea  about  three  leagues  liorth  by 
•well  of  the  point  of  the  fort  of  Caycmie  : 
which  being  fo  weather'd,  leaves  more  room 
to  pal's  the  iflcs  au  Diable  with  falety.  Thefc 
:;..s  nil  Dinhle  are  three  in  number,  fome 
leainies  olf  at  fea  from  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Caurora  :  the  Jndiins  call  one  of  them 
F.rrfke,   and  another  Catcwerry  j    and  the 


Dutch,    D'isveli   Eylandeii,    or   the   devil's 
illands. 

We  pafs'd  by  them  on  a  Saturday  towards 
theevening,  wi:h  a  frelli  gale  at  north-eafl, 
a  roughfea  and  eallerly  tide,  running  weft- 
ward  along  the  coalt  ;  and  tlie  IVedncfday 
following  wc  had  fight  of  the  ifland  oi  Bar- 
bados, about  feve.i  leagues  to  the  windward, 
belonging  to  the  crown  of  England ;  leaving 
St.  rinccnt,  another  illand,  inhabited  only 
by  Imlian  cannibals,  to  the  leeward.  And 
all  that  night  we  coalled  by  Barbadoci, 
whicli,  as  much  as  I  could  difcovcr  of  it  in 
the  evening,  when  we  appioach'd  it,  is  a 
very  fine  jileafint  country,  all  over  full  of 
large  buildings,  windmills  and  plantations. 

The  eallerly  tide,  above  mention'd,  we 
commonly  meet,  and  it  ferves  us  to  come 
from  Cii\cnn/'  to  Alarlinico.  It  is  not,  how- 
ever, lb  fwift  to  weftward,  but  that  from 
the  eaft  eml  of  Frinidad  ifland  it  is  pofTible 
to  beat  it  up  with  the  land  and  fca-breczes. 
The  variation  on  the  Guiana  co.Uls  is  fixty 
degrees  eaft,  and  at  Barbados  fifty  and  a 
half 

i  he  next  morning  .it  break  of  day  wc 
were  about  fix  leagues  from  it,  and  iboui. 
ten  fpy'd  two  fail,  ftanding  to  north  by 
eaft:  at  noon  we  had  a  very  good  obferva- 
tion,  lourteen  degrees  twenty-three  minutes 
north  latitude.  At  three  in  the  afternoon 
had  fight  of  the  idand  St.  Luiia,  to  the  lee- 
ward of  us,  which  all  our  failors  aboard,  ex- 
cept the  chief  mate,  would  have  to  be  Afar- 
tinico.  This  occalioned  long  debates  and 
difputes  among  them,  but  tlie  chief  mate 
having  prevail'il  in  his  opinion,  we  imme- 
diately ftood  to  windward,  till  the  next 
morning  :  and  well  for  us  that  we  did  ;  for 
at  break  of  day  we  found  our  felvjs  two 
leagues cifFC«/  dc  Sac  Marin,  at  the  C.abejlerre 
of  that  ifland,  on  the  eaft  fitle  of  Martmicn, 
which  appear'd  as  in  the  pi  int.  After  which,  PtATf  3+. 
fteering  lor  the  Cul  de  S tc  Rosa',  roaid 
about  the  diamond-point,    a  iiigh  rouml 

rock, 


give  a  fhort: 
laiiaf  and  ot 
IS  they  Hand 

clearer  way 
It,  as  alfo  of 
all  upon  the 
I,  from  jx:r- 
ot  their  can- 
.'nccs  in  chat 
/liich  I  have 
itions,  which 
ot  be  altoge- 


irtmico. 


f7i 

a.  Barbot. 


ee 
he 


■re 
nt 
ht 

Dt 

at 


m 


r  the  devil's 


irda")  towards 
at  north-eifV, 
running  weft- 
Iie  JVeihiefday 
idand  ofBar- 
;he  windward, 
huul ;  leaving 
ihabited  only 
:eward.  And 
)y  Bnrbailocii 
:ovcr  of  it  in 
ach'd  it,  is  a 
1  over  full  of 
I  plantations. 
lentionM,  we 
es  us  to  come 

is  not,  how- 
)ut  that  from 
d  it  is  pofTible 
d  tla-breczes. 

oa.tls  is  fixty 
fj  fifty  and  a 

xk  of  day  wc 
it,  and  aboui 

to  north  by 
good  obferva- 
■thrcc  minutes 

the  afternoon 
ta,  to  the  lee- 
irs  aboard,  ex- 
ve  to  be  Mar- 
X,  debates  and 
he  (iiief  mate 
jn,  we  imme- 

till  the  next 
X  we  did  ;  for 
DUf  ielv.'s  two 
t  the  C.abejUrre 

of  Miirtiiiicr), 

Alter  which,  Plati  3+. 
Rosa',    roaid 
a  high  round 
rock, 


)n 


« 


a- 

8t 


tl  I 


I 


i;f  , 


n  fc 


Ml- 


m  !'„■ 


S70 

nAiinoT  r 


11 
tl 
b 

t\ 

?! 

E 

tl- 


1 

hi, 
be 
lis 


111 
I'oi 
to 
r.i! 
rui 

it  ' 

Mttc 

roc 

V,'V 

tilt 

It : 

wc 

lis  :  .11 

viJen 

to  u 

finf 

of  ■, 

/•/•./ 

;Uld 

ble 

beer 

'J-h( 

the 

ilcra 

arc  ^ 
of  • 
the) 
lyin 
•wdl 
whii 
T'  ■  r 
ifii 

Icr  ^■ 
ri'/ei 


/;'/./:/'/.ur-u.(2,) 


,,««^-««a^««»*ft-2?^l'l#^^ 


'   '.i^cS^-^^..' 


-c  -    •*'i-J'5&. -.Si*,*^  -    -• -'^2"""'5"->  --'-1 


^tic  TFiwqwi  ,'/'.  I'i'ii  X<^iu7/  ,y'  iVLr/rU/iii: 


■  i  :n,  .r,r.rt ;/ v/ 

I)  J'lw  Sei-jn.1  ir.ill.  r.ilif.rj.:! 

D  Th:  .rt,\-p  cut  Jcwij    ,d' Ik  'C'lVjc 

E  .~ll.-  T'l.'iiir.v.r    h.uij-j 


ThtJ^.'Vtt  y.  f.-rtTl  cr.il  ,n  fj  li.ir 
il  Jb.itti-ii'  cf  n'  chilli'  ,'!i   u   3ji 
l!  LhiarJ  hluid-; 

.    he  Cili'm.'s  sr  SjuLlii'rj-  fl.-ulf,- 
il  thi't  ll'twl 


c 

.'C 
V 


On  C  arth'ii  BjH^i-i,  cJ  j  ihins 

J  Jit  arc!  Ii,'ii.r.- 
.~h:-  FcuJci-  Iwufc 
~h.-Trurcn   Ml  J  fitt 
.'^ki  aJl-.iiir.'.l  ll'orAs 
J~ii''    f^n./v  /iJuUof  L.nJ  that  u'liw 
^luF'.'rtt/f  III.!,,]  U,vi.l 
.    ■'..■  lic^rcr  Tcuit.  ut  ah'  J  '^  Leaju 
distance  ,reen  ,u\'r  ti  Sandu  Point 
Cht  lanJiiui  3riJjf 
J^hc  Culki  J\,r.Ti,iMl 


^m^^^-^^'^m^ 


,ai'huico'm.  ^U  •/%,. 


^ 


■■aff^*^i^  '>'*-r  -■' 


5?'^''''5:i 


Sii/rl(iiii 


^niss 


^^.^' 


??« 


d   Domhii'-a,  BAnnor 

at  (lay,  am'  wv^* 

e  l->ecalm*d, 

fiiips  failing 

t. 

ly  by  three 

red  Indians, 

fs  runaway 

jlonies :  the 

h,  we  were 
theriy  point 
we  brought 
Jth  oi  Gita- 
rds  we  got 
eaft,  about 
and  French 
i  in  Guaifii- 
jai  compli- 
n,  the  then 
iving  tbrc'd 
h  ftands  on 
,  near  the 
:avy,  large 
I,  'o  fecure 
iTeshrought 
^s  difpofed 
id  planters, 

of"  brown 

tlie  Uigar 
nico,  Ha- 
■M  to  that 
1  oi'Jfrira, 
p:\  whither 

J  ids,  and 
the  (laves, 
fin'd  t!\ere 
le  hundred 
/hen  I  had 
th  wiiom  I 
I  nic  confi- 
ny  efttdts, 
cafiiy  done 
lyboat  for 
Illy  at  mid - 

•calm'd  ;i 
;iil  af.  jff 
'.ocbel,    .s  I 

our  felves 
It  Le  Pref- 

day.  At 
md  lb  till 

when  we 
o  the  Cui 
■  we  found 
f  all  Ions, 

the  funot 
"the  fugars 
uadaloupe, 

lying  fide 

ivcniency: 

1.1  1.  .gof 

the 


\    1  \\y% 

ftisi 

;i ' ' 

,i 

\  . 


'^i; 


tg^-^5 


■,-« 


.•:iiiM 


1 

i    ;    .    '    .1,1  ■■ 

'  ,    '             '  ''  .  • 
•''   •   ■     ii   'I' 

.("ft--,-    T,l   , 

*e. 


..■.•n>.'\* 


.v^-£.\^^:';iS 


-■v,l 


•'r;   <tl 


mm''     ■    '1 


iifiiT    -|iiiir-iiT»iiiiii?iiiiiNN.iiiir 


J~iu  r/-V,\''/'.'.-7  r/  .^//'/  l''l,^injl  ,y  .VLiJrl//n\'^i  Sharctn  from 


In 
he 
lis 

111 
(ill 

to 

IMI 

far 
C.ii: 
Bn 

it  ^ 
atb^ 
roc 

V-lt 

the 

It  : 

wc 

us  I 

videnr 

to  us 

ting 

of'^t 
I'hn 
and 
blc  : 
been 
'J'hc 
ihc  f 
ilcr.ii 

llvT.ll 

arc  V 

(if'    V 

they 
lyint 
weft 
wliic 

to  \)\ 
ills 
lca!i;i 
river 

Ercf. 


A  rhiJU':-t  If  J/ 

3  ."//.-  .r,:-o„J  ll\,II.J'.il,i-.:l.:'. 

C  T'he  ScjB.ijiwn  i'n  ii  SfUri'  rt\'.^!j.-f.if7lei\ 

V  J'hi  St.\j'   Hit  Jen'::     .il'' l'i!'..\:irj\- 


'h.'.r.'rn  .'t'  K-:  ,y.  ej  J  ,n  f  lU 

il  Jbjtteni  ct' n"  il:i:io-  .ill   V    h." 

t\  Ljuai-dhe.u:\' 

.  "/','  Cjlrm.-s  or  S .uU'i.tj-  heuit,'- 

il  tllitt  //'<'!>./ 

til!  i.  ,irt/:  '11  B.ittcrij  I'f  w  c/'i/:j- 
Si!.'  ih'u'fjl'j  ■  IwiiJ-e 

U  JliarJ  //.v;.--.  ■ 
.~!i:'  K'uJc-r  h.'ul'r 
■  "h,'  Trurcn  ail  J  Titt 

"^lu  iiJiwir.'.l  //'ji-Aj- 

■7/.'  ■f.viJn  /'eiiiti'f  l.inJ  tlul  iji'i.r 

(m/v'^//.'7  IILun  I.'LiicI 

.   /.  ■  'hie^rc.i-  Toiiit.  .It  ah'-  J  -^  L d^i.tu 

distance  treen  jver  it  Sjidi'  Tinnt 
Su  LiiiiJiaa  3riJjt' 


^_ 

p^-n>-^ 

//.?//.    n^i 


:  J.c  SadA.  ut'nu  at  .'IT.  about  y  jf  S  L^\iauL's  aud  v  ar.\il  .  lloinit.iin    ,    Ci  .'.'  ai    C  //', 


/)/y  ■  j;  j 

th:" .M^unl  I  Ace  III  a  Alul  u^ 
dlu'JUW  >rii 


f'^^^-^. 


.»f '■■■-«»*- 


tiim£i/Ki^f 


^^&^-  ^^?s>^c^^ig-^  ^  .?^^^a.a^  -^r^g^r^'^ij^i^e^.^^;^ 


;, ;  yliaivtn  I'lviii-  i  he  ti/trr  o-f  t  tic  ^-Curbour  cull 'J  Cul  d:  Sac^'toiud  . 


.=*-?? 


-  f- 


/0     '^ 


f-s/"**-^ 


ill 


'\.p 


Mi 


n^m 


IV  i' 


^7C 


US    .1 

viJf 
to 


of 

n 

an 
bl. 
be 


■Ah 


ii».' 


th 


an 


th 


Wi 


£-.-4 


to 
ifl 


riv 


^^Wji 


ft! 


from  Cayenne  to  Martinico. 


?7I 


■Al.r.l 


mr.k,  nhout  ;imiU;  out  Jrom  the  iflaml,  of 
whicli  more  htrcittcr  ;  we  arriv'd  before 
a  about  the  evening  of  the  twelfth  of  May, 
,iml  ]).iitl  the  ufu;il  f.\lutcs  to  the  fortrels, 
wliiili  (liows  ;is  in  tiic  nhovdiiention'ti  print, 
,\nd  irot  alhore,  jiilhis  tiie  t.ittoo  wa^i  f;o- 
iiij;  :  having  thus  mule  our  palV.ige  from 
C:iyiiih'  hitlirr,  in  ftvin  i!ays,  without  any 
lem.irkalile  .u(i(ltnt.  riie  Haves  alioaril, 
Iv.ing  about  two  luiinheil  and  lifty,  were  all 
very  hearty, h;ivin^  loll  only  fevcnof  them  by 
fl  knels,  or  otlierwife,  in  all  our  voyage  at 
and  from  the  (iol,l  Cou;t  of  (inihcii,  and 
foitnil  the  ifl.md  in  mueh  want  of  them  ; 
and  therefore  to  render  them  more  valuable, 

I  relblv'd  to  tlilpofe  of  o-irt  of  them  at 
Gi(iiii(iii,iip,',  being  intorm'd  that  tlie  planters 
lon^'d  there  much  for  our  arrival. 

Atcorilingly  the  next  day  having  waited 
on  count  lU  B.aiac,  captain-general  and 
lommander  in  chief  oi  all  the  Itviub  (!,irili- 
/iiv  ill.inds,  and  brought  our  lliip  about  the 
A>!;/£;i'i  point,  ainl  J.c  Prt'  cheur.,  fome  days 
.dier,  when  it  had  been  caieen'd  in  the  i'.ul 
(IrStic  Roytl,  to  the  town  oi'  St.  Piter  ot  A? 
Hiijl',L')re  or  Marliii'uo  ;  after  the  ufual 
eoniplimenis  to  the  governour,  we  begun  the 
l.dc  of  our  Haves,  at  about  fevcn  thoufai"' 
pounds  weight  of  brown  fugar,  the  Jmlui?i 
piece,  as  they  term  it  there,  to  be  paid  at 
tarthell  within  the  month  of  ['fiiii.  tellowing, 
njjon  a  certain  forfeiture  agreed  on.  The 
l.ile  went    thus  on  pretty    brilkly,  ;dl    our 

II  ives  being  Gold  Co.yt  Buuk.f,  which  are 
much  more  acceptable  in  ihe  Fnnr/.i  ifl.inds, 
•IS  I  have  oblerved  before,  in  the  chapter  of 
ll  ives,  in  the  defcription  of  Guiuea.  I  e.lus'd 
•ibout  (ixty  of  them  to  be  Ihip'd  otf  for 
(J'liiJiiUii/Y,  in  a  fm.iU  fiy-boat,  of  about 
lighty  tuns,  which  had  been  difpatch'd  Irom 
AcrW,  with  provifions  for  the  frigate,  the 
fun  of  /lliiai,  I  was  in,  to  help  lo.id  otVour 
eliefts,  .md  arrived  u  M.trlinico  a  month 
before  me. 

,,  AWc-.'I  iiat  the/' '/■,7(t7j  imitate  the  SpaiiinrJi 
in  valuing  Hives  by  the  denomination  ol  the 
l:ili,i/i  pit  ce, which  the  Spaiiianls  caliy-*/t'c-.;  tie 
III, lias.  By  which  is  meant^  a  Bliuk  (rom 
litteen  to  tweniy-ftve  years  of  age  ;  from 
eight  to  lifteen,  and  from  twenty-five  to 
thirt. -live,  three  pafs  for  two.  Below  eight, 
and  from  thirty-live  to  forty-five,  two  pais 
for  one.  Sucking  infants  follow  thi  ir  mothers 
without  arcompt.  .'Ml  .ibove  forty-five 
years,  with  the  difcafed,  are  valued  by  arbi- 
tr.;tors. 

On  the  fevcntecnth  of  Mjy  I  went  aboard 
the  tlyboat,  the  llv!;',  and  proceeded  for 
Guadaloujc ;  having  much  ado  to  gei  up  our 
anchors,  which  were  lalt  m  the  rocky  ground 
of  th;  road  of  6'/.  Pdcr.  At  break  of  day  of 
the  eighteenth  we  were  no  farther  than  the 
point  of  Lc  Prt-^'djcur,  and  continued  lb 
till  ten,  when  by    means  of  a  frelh   gale 


we  foot!   drew   near  the    ifland  Dominica,  UMinoT. 
where  we  coafted  along  all  that  day,  and  ^•V^-' 
the  following  night  •,  being  there  becalm'd, 
as  it  commonly  happens  to  all  (hips  failing 
by,  becaulis  of  the  iiigh  hills  in  it. 

That  ifland  is  inhabited  only  by  three 
hundred  and  fifty  to  four  hundred  Indians, 
men  and  women,  and  fome  flaves  runaway 
Irom  the  neighbouring  French  colonies  :  the 
Indiaiif  being  all  tall  luHy  people. 

At  break  of  day  the  nineteenth,  we  were 
got  to  the  welfward  of  civ  northerly  point 
ot  Dominica  i  and  about  nine  we  brought 
the  fmall  illands  /,,v  Sanies,  fouth  of  Gua- 
dalotije.  to  bear  caff.  Afterw.uds  we  got 
fight  of  Man^alantt,  at  north-e.  If,  about 
five  leagues  ;  a  low  flat  ifland,  a.id  Ftencb 
colony,  and  about  noon  anchor'd  in  Guadu- 
loupe  road:  where,  after  th;- ufual  compli- 
ments paid  to  the  chevalier  llinwlin,  the  then 
governour  of  the  illand,  and  he  having  fore' J 
me  to  accept  of  his  houle,  which  Hands  on 
the  water-lide  of  I.a  Bjjjel.'ne.  near  the 
iron  gate,  (a  battery  of  fome  '»avy,  large 
iron  guns,  that  point  at  the  ro:,d,  to  fecure 
the  landing-place;)  I  had  all  my  Havesbrought 
aOiore  thither,  .inil  in  a  few  days  difpofed 
of  them  all  to  the  inhabitants  and  planters, 
for  about  fix  thoufmd  pounds  of  brown 
fugar  a-picce,  one  with  another,  the  fugar 
being  there  better  than  at  AlailiiihO.  I  la- 
ving before  li;nt  back  the  Hyboat  to  that 
iHand  again,  to  help  load  the  fun  oi  J/yirtj, 
with  orders  to  return  to  (/'//rti/rt/ft/i'/',',  whither 
h  •  came  to  me  again  the  tenth  of  Jii/y,  and 
fliip'd  there  all  the  produifl  of  the  Haves, 
either  in  brown  or  white  fuga"-,  refin'd  there 
only  with  earth,  and  valued  one  hundred 
for  fix  hundred  of  the  brown  -,  when  I  had 
taken  leave  of  the  governour,  with  whom  I 
was  very  familiar,  and  who  did  me  confi- 
derable  kintinefs  in  recovering  my  etfcdts, 
ina  very  fliort  time,  which  is  not  eafilv  done 
there,  I  failed  again  wich  the  flyboat  for 
ALirtinico,  on  the  twentieth  of  Jtdy  at  mid- 
night. 

The  twenty-firft  we  were  becalm'd  all 
d.iy  under  Dominicii,  ant)  law  a  fail  afar  oH" 
at  liL-a,  being  a  fliip  bound  for  Rochel,  as  I 
underftoud  afterwards. 

On  the  iwinty-fecond,  found  our  feives 
five  leagues  to  leeward  of  the  point  Le  Prcf- 
ibri'f,  .ii  A  f art  inico,  inn  calm  all  day.  At 
night  ply'd  it  with  u  good  gale,  and  fo  till 
the  twenty-fifth  in  the  morning,  when  wa 
enter'd,  with  much  difficulty,  into  the  Citl 
de  Sac  Royal  of  that  iHand,  where  we  found 
fourteen  or  fitLen  fail  of  fhips  of  all  forts, 
put  in  to  winter,  and  among  them  the  fun  of 
/Ifyicas  into  which  1  order'd  part  ofthc  fugars 
and  cotton  I  had  purchafed  at  Guadaloupe, 
to  be  remov'd  out  ofthc  flyboat,  lying  fide 
by  fide  with  it,  for  the  greater  convcniency : 
which  having  compleat«d  the  full  ladingof 

the 


I      .1.. 


■■'  "I 


j   ,|: 


i;i' 


m 


' ,( w 


'•'^ 


)  :i:t; 


;. :  .11 


-  '"I 


?7i 


Voyage  from  Martinico  to  France. 


mil 


li-i  '  - 


H'.:  m 


M^;  i 


RMiBoT.the  frigate,  we   brought  her  out  of  th.xt 

""^"V^^  li.irliour,  in  order  to  fail  forthwith  to  France, 

leaving  :i  fador  behind,  to  lo.id  the  reft  of 

our  eflefts  in  the  flyboat,  wiiidi  was  to  fail 

nfier  us. 


o 


Vos'age  from  Martinico  to  I'ranck. 
N  the  firft  of  Aiigiiji,  at  break  of  iliy, 
we  failed  out  of  tiie  Ctt!  dc  Sac  Ro\al, 
am!  were  becalin'd  under  the  Ahrne  aiix 
Beiifs  ;  wliich  oblig'd  me,  having  fomr  inifi- 
nefs  at  fort  ^'/.  Pierre,  to  order  the  long-bo  it 
to  be  mann'd,  and  went  there  afhore,  the 
lliip  plying  to  and  fro  before  La  Bajfewrre  ; 
iind  about  feven  at  night  rctiini'd  .ilioard, 
and  ]>ioceeilcd  on  our  voyage  to  Roche!,  la- 
liitmg  my  friends  in  tiie  ifland  witli  fl-vcn 
guns.  The  frigate  was  very  leaky,  and 
(I  cply  laden,  having  aboard  near  three  luin- 
-.'..cd  tuns  ot  llig.ir,  cotton,  and  other  goods. 
The  lecond  in  the  morning,  were  three 
leagues  to  leeward  of  l)otn:ntca  ;  at  nii^ht 
had  feme  fmall  tornados. 

On  the  third  early,  had  very  (lift"  gaks, 
our  top-lails  almolton  the  tops,  jiazy  wea- 
ther, and  the  point  of  GKj./.i/ort/'^',  call'd /.? 
y^i/V.'v,  borecaft.  As  we  proceeded,  we  law 
the  \^An'S% /1»tcgoaa.ni.\Redo>hia,  belonging 
to  ihe  crown  of  England  ;  the  latter  appear- 
ing only  as  a  lound  large  hill,  and  then  we 
luffed  about  three  leagues  to  windward  of 
Mon  errat,  another  Engli/h  ifland. 

1  he  fourth,  about  eight  in  the  morning, 
we  had  fight  of  the  foutherly  point  of  the 
iOand  of  St.  Bartholomew,  belonging  to  the 
I  rench,  diftant  eight  leagues  weft  by  north  ; 
and  at  the  fame  time  the  Citbefterrc  of  Si. 
Cbrtjlopher's,  with  a  frefti  north  eall  wind  i 
fetting  our  courfe  horth  north-weft,and  north 
by  weft,  haZy  Weather,  and  a  rough  fea. 

The  fifth,  the  fame  we.ather,  courfe  north 
and  north-caft,  the  wind  at  eaft  north-ealt, 
and  no  obfervation. 

The  obfervation  the  day  following  twenty- 
one  degrees  forty-five  ."linutes.the  fun  in  the 
/.enith. 

The  feventh,  in  the  morning,  we  Ipied  .i 
fill  to  leeward  three  leagues,  lleer'd  north, 
and  afterwards  nortli  by  well,  to  fpeak  with 
that  ftiip,  whicii  proved  to  be  an  Engtijh 
pink  -,  afterwards  ordeiM  the  courle  north 
by  eaft:  our  obfervation  tiiis  day  twenty- 
three  degrees  eighteen  minutes.  At  four  a- 
(.lock  were  exaflly  under  the  tropick  of 
Cancer  ;  the  next  night  had  loud  claps  of 
thunder,  and  great  ligiitnings  i  the  wind 
north-eaft,  and  eaft  north-eaft  ;  the  courfe 
north,  and  nortii  by  eaft.  For  fome  days 
very  apprehenfive  ofahurrican,  that  being 
the  time  of  the  year  for  them,  but  God  fa- 
vour'd  us  with  a  change  of  the  weather  ; 
and  fo  we  continued  our  voyage,  without 
any  remarkable  accident,  only  our  leaks  in- 
creafed  very  much,   fo  that  we  had  much 


toil  to  kiT]i  u|i  ilie  flnp  to  the  end  of  our 
voy.ige,  our  two  pump,  going  witliout  in- 
termifllonday  and  nt.'ii'  :  which  '.-xtremely 
fatigued  our  crew,  tho*  numerous,  and  made 
Us  all  v.  ry   unc.ilv. 

Being  in  the  latitude  of  the/fzor«  or  t'lemijhti',tit,  w 
iftands  or /fr.7,/1.  we  every  day  law  abuii- '■<"  ,'i.t 
ilanie  of  weedi  ftii.uing  on  the  fea  ;  whuh 
Ibme,  who  had  been  on  tlieio.iftol  AVw 
.''7''''",  laid,  laine  liom  theclianiu!  ot /irt/j.i- 
tn  I,  being  iariii\!  thence  ;iito  the  i.  'an  bv 
the  rapidity  of  the  i  urreiu^,  and  fcatter'd 
all  about  by  the  wefterlv  winds,  wiiieluon- 
linually  blow  on  the  coalh  ol  /  ir^iii.a  and 
NiTM-iiiigs.ind. 

Emanuel  de  Fwia  y  Son/a,  in  his  hiftorysM/«f  (-i 
o(  Porli!)^<il,  take^  notice,  that  in  one  ofTcrc-crj 
tiie  /iT.  ra  iilan.i',  on  the  toi)ofa  mountain,'^''"' 
call'd  del  V.uerv),  or  ot  the  crow,  in  tiie 
days  of  kxn'r^  Anunj'i,  the  filth  of  the  name, 
and  twelfth  king  of/'orZ/fif^/,  there  was  found 
a  ftatue  of  a  man  on  horlcback,  his  heail 
bare,  his  left  hand  on  the  horfc's  main,  and 
the  right  pointing  to  the  well.  It  flood  up- 
on a  Hone  pedcftal,  which,  together  with 
the  whole  ftatue,  was  .ill  ot  one  piece,  and 
under  it  were  certain  characters  cut  in  tiie 
rock,  but  couki  not  be  underftood.  By 
this  account  it  apjiears,  that  thefe  iftands 
had  been  known  Ixforc,  and  iiad  the  name 
of  Azoic!,  or  of  hawks  from  the  great 
number  o!"  tiio(  •  birds  fi:cn  there  whenJil- 
cover'd. 

At  length,  by  (iod's  providence,  on  the 
rixteenthot.S>/7cV//.'.',v  lollo\ving,welpy'dland 
to  the  leeward  of  lis,  being  part  of  the  coaft  of 
the  lower  Poitoii  in  l-'ia'ae.  i\\.  eight  a-clock 
we  faw 0/6// ',and  fiion  after  tiie  light-houle  of 
the  ifle  of  A'/ tv,c,dl'd  l.i  -fou:  dciB.iHt'ine!,  my 
native  rouiitry.  At  three  in  the  afternoon 
we  canx  to  an  anchor  in  Pa't/fi  road,  before 
the  fort  dr  la  Pr.r,  a  flrong  place  on  the 
fouih-eall  fi.le  of  the  fiid  ifle  of  R/j:\;  which 
we  lainted  with  five  guns,  hiving  jient 
forty-fix  days  in  our  pafl'i!;e,  from  ti  .■  C.l 
de  Sac  Ro\id  of  ALir/uuio  lo  Rocbd ;  and 
eleven  moiitiis  and  ten  days  in  our  whole 
voyage  to  (iiiiiu\i,  out  and  home,  bringing 
all  our  ilfeLts  with  us. 

Another  VoyiV^e  from  ti  i;  i  \  c  a  to  Mar- 
tinico. 
A  T  my  fccond  voyage  from  Guinea  to 
^  MMiinuo  liirectly,  in  the  man  of  war 
L' Emeri'loii,  with  a  floop,  in  1682,  being 
by  that  day's  oblervaiion  in  fourteen  degrees 
five  minutes  of  north  latitude,  and  byefti- 
mation  in  .nree  hundred  and  ten  degrees 
forty-fix  minutes  longitude,  the  floop,  wiiieh 
wasaconfiderable  way  a-iie.id  ot  u<,  lowarils 
the  evening  made  a  fignal  that  tliey  law 
land,  without  being  pofitive  whether  it  was 
Martinico,  or  St.  Luna:  for  which  lealoii 
wc  lay  by  all  nigiu,  and  by  the  n.xt  ''ay- 

1.  .aw 


:e. 

till-  fiiJ  of  nui 
iiig  without  III- 
'liii h  •xtrcmely 
■lous,  ami  in.ule 

4z.ore^  or  f'Umijh  n;ii:  in 
y  il.iy  l-iw  ,il)iin- ''","" 
tin-  ica  -,  whiih 
itf  lO.ill  ol  N.'Xi; 
cliaiiiul  ot  Habii- 
to  tlic  <i  an  bv 
s,  aiui  IcattL'i'J 
iiids,  whiciitoii- 
1  ol  /  ir^/w.i*  aiii-l 

}i,  \n  liis  liilloiy  si.niir in 

that    ill    one    ofTcrrcri 

Dp  oi'a  mountain,'^'"'"' 
Ik  crow,  \\\  the 
itthoi  tiieiiaiiif, 
I,  th'.-rc  was  fountf 
.-bacli,  lus  JK-ad 
lurfc's  main,  ami 
(cih  It  Itouil  U]'- 
:h,  toj^cther  with 
t  one  piece,  and 
iradtcrs  cut  in  tl\c 
Bv 
anus 

mJ  iud  ti\c  name 

trom    the  j^rcat 

:i)  iliere  wlien  Jit- 

rovidence,  on  the 
ivin{^,wel'py  Miami 
partol'tliccoaftol 
.  At  eight  a-clocl< 

th;'  iight-lioul<;of 
1,,-  deiB.u'.mci,  my 
c  in  tlie  aiternooii 
'rt';/7;Moad,  betbiv 
ro:ig  place  on  the 

cot  Rh:\',  wluch 
ns,  liu'ing  ipeni 
!U-,  iroin  ti  .•  C:'l 
to  Rocbel ;  and 
lays  in  our  wluile 

i  home,  bringing 


I  N  E  A     toM  AK- 

(). 

Irom   Guinea  to 

II  tlie  man  ot  war 
in  16S2,  being 

"ill  tourtein  degrees 
itude,  and  by  ell i- 
ind  ten   degrees 


undcrftood.      B 
tint  tliefe  iflan 


e,  tlie  floop,  wliicli 
lead  ot  us  towards 
111  that  tliey  law 
live  wliether  it  was 
or  which  re.iloii 
dby  the  n.xt 'by- 


Voyage  from  Martinico  /o  Guinea.         573 


light  found  the  land  was  the  eaft  fide  of 
Mariimco,  and  our  fclves  in  tlie  Emeriilon, 
nearer  to  the  north  point  of  Le  Prefcheur, 
than  to  thelbutherly  point  of  t\v: Diamond ; 
andforelblvM  toliiil  north  about  the  point 
/.'■  Pri'fibi'iii-,  tn  the  great  road  of  .SV.  Prtr}\ 
town,  and  thence  to  Cii!  ik  Sac  Royal  to  >  a- 
ri.n.  The  floop  iinding  themfelvcs  in  the 
inoriiing  farther  to  the  louthward  thin  we, 
held  on  tlieiriourii' that  way,  and  failed  by 
the  point  of  the  Diamond  to  the  faid  (!ii! 
,i  Sar  A'fiv.i/. 

The  nexc  liay  about  eight,  as  we  made 
the  bell  of  our  way  to  :.  Pitcr^i  road,  fiw 
the  illaiid  Daminiui,  and  being  in  a  Irefli 
gale,  put  the  head  lo  the  land,  till  about 
three  in  the  alter'  ion,  when  we  were  be- 
rilmM  under  rhe  ; nint  /.c  Pr-i'ch'ur  \  and 
l()on  after  follow'd  by  a  large  tlyl"'at,  the 
K^t.Jobn,  (oniingtrom  Roche/,  on  board  of 
wiitim  were  Ibme  of  the  chief  planters  wivc*^, 
coming  from  /■)\iiict',  who  dclivcrM  me  fe- 
veral  lettev  from  my  friends  at  Rncb'l,  We 
(ontinued  bee.ilm'tl  ail  the  next  night,  with 
(inly  nosv  and  then  Ibir,  ,■  gufts  from  tlie  iflaml. 
1  low.ver,  the  next  morning,  alter  abun- 
ilanre  of  fatigues  and  motion'^,  we  liad  lb 
work'd  the  fliip?,  that  about  ninea-tloek 
we  rcaeh'd  the  road  afbrtfaid,  and  there 
came  to  an  anchor,  near  oiirother  i  i-.npa- 
nio.'i  of  t!i.- G^/wj  voyage,  tlie  Jolly,  who 
wi'i  arriv'd  there  twelve  da)  s  l^efore  us, 
and  inform'd  me,  tiiat  at  his  failing  from 
iriiilih  road  in  Gnii/ct,  wit'i  the  EmcriHon 
and  the  Piwl,  as  I  have  taken  notice  in  that 
pirt  of  the  ilefcription  of  IFbidab,  he  fell 
to  the  Keward  of  the  iflands  Prir.rc  and 
>'.'.  Tome  in  the  Bigbt  of  Gubua  ;  and  after 
f  veral  days  fpent  in  turning  and  tacking, 
at  1  ill  rcaeh'd  the  cape  Lo['c,  where  having 
taken  iii  wood  and  water,  finding  the  ofH- 
cers  and  crew  very  fickly,  ami  no  refrelh- 
iiients  at  all  at  the  faid  cape,  at  that  time, 
even  not  lb  much  as  a  chicken,  they  liatl 
jirojeftvJ  to  fail  for  St.  Tome  ;  but  whether 
t!iro'ignorancc,orderign  of  the  pilots  aboaril, 
could  not  compafs  it,  and  were  neceflltated 
to  mike  the  beft  of  their  way  for  Martinico, 
m  the  lorry  condition  they  were  in.  But  by 
a  particular  providence  finding  the  trade- 
winds  of  fouth-eafl:,  at  two  degrees  fouth  of 
the  line,  they  got  their  paflage  in  forty- 
eight  days,  and  had  fold  their  flaves  imme- 
diately, the  males  at  fix,  the  females  at  five 
thoufand  weight  of  brown  fugar,  the  Indian 

Eiece,  to  pay  in  July  and  Auguft  following, 
eing  the  leafon  when  fugar  is  mod  generally 
made.  'T'he  next  day  I  caufed  a  hundred 
and  twenty  of  our  flaves  to  be  fiiip'd  off 
for  Giiadaloure,  in  the  Sun  of  Africa,  and  af- 
terwards in  the  (hip  the  IVonckrful,  confign'd 
to  the  company's  agent  there-,  and  then 
proceeded  to  the  fale  of  the  remaining  flaves 
in  the  Emerillon,  which  I  had  caufed  to  be 
Vol.  V. 


removed  into  the7"'A,  that  the  other  might  BMir>T. 
fail  immediately  for  the  C«/.7fi'.»i- /<')Y!/,  to 
careen  and  relii.  Two  days  after  this,  our 
confort  the  Pc.vl  arrived  from  Cayenne,  for 
which  place  I  liad  detached  her,  in  the  lon- 
gitude of  fi:\i:n  ilfgices  thirty-five  minutes, 
and  in  four  degrees  ten  minutes  foutii  ol  the 
line,  on  ilie  lourteenth  ot  Mn-^  of  that  ye.ir, 
.IS  we  proceeded  tiom  Piincc\  ifland  to  A- 
mciicn,  and  had  fold  there  near  a  hundred 
Haves,  at  two  hunilred  and  fifty  livres  a- 
))'C(c,  one  with  another,  payable  one  half 
Ml  bill',  of  exchange  in  Paris  and  Rocbel, 
and  the  refl  in  Roi'>:',  or  /Inolt^,  ami  Ibme 
fui^ari  and  mon"y  i  Rrmu  to  be  taken  at 
t'vehv  loh^  a  pound  ;  the  fine  II  fugar  at 
twenty  feven  livres  T-ir/:ois  a  hundred  ;  and 
the  inf  riors  propoiMo'i.dMe,  as  M,  flel-'cnlles, 
the  then  governor,  iiilorm'd  me  by  his  let- 
ter :  wiilial  comp'laining,  in  the  name  of 
the  inhabitants,  tliat  I  had  not  lent  two  in- 
llead  of  one  hundred  flives,  which  they 
very  much  want.'d  in  that  illmd,  and  the 
conipany  had  promileil  ;  but  the  fending  of 
that  number  would  have  too  nuicli  funk  the 
price  of  them. 

A  few  days  after,  I  rerciv'd  information 
from  the  governour  of  Gu.ult!oii[e,  and  the 
company's  agent  there,  thai  the  flaves  I  had 
lent  them  by  the  IVondeyftil,  were  all  fold, 
at  the  fime  price  we  had  at  Martiniin,  which 
was  yet  more  advantageous  to  the  co'iipany* 
the  fugar  of  Gnadd'oupe  being  far  b.tter  than 
that  of  the  former  ill.nd. 

The  next  d.iy  the /r^wr.'i  fquadron,  under 
M.  dc  Gabanet,  a  flag  officer,  arrived  from 
Rocbefort,  and  Rocbel  \  bywiiom  I  received 
orders  from  the  lompany,  to  take  ihe  firll 
opportunity  of  (liii'S  ready  to  lail  for  /ranee, 
and  come  over,  i-i  give  their  bond  an  ac- 
count of  affairs  in  Cu'.nei  and  /ti».r>  i  i :  which 
I  very  readily  embrac'd,  having  great  rea- 
Ibn  to  fear  I  lliould  be  oblig'd  to  winter  in 
the  iflands,  where  all  things  were  in  a  fort  of 
coiifufion,  by  the  ill  management  of  the 
company's  agents,  and  their  quarrels  about 
fubordination. 

Accordingly,  having  rcfolv'd  to  go  over 
in  the  Rainhoiv,  a  twenty-four-gun  fliip 
that  was  half  loaded,  I  caus'd  her  to  take 
in  her  full  lading  with  all  expedition,  of 
the  effefts  that  had  been  begun  to  be  put  in- 
to the  Emerillon  and  the  Joll)  ;  and  whilft 
it  was  doing,  fettled  and  regulated  feveral 
differences  and  accompts  with  the  company's 
agents.  Which,  however,  could  not  be  done 
fo  timely, as  that  I  might  embark  in  the  Rain- 
how  ;  which  being  ready  to  fail,  and  to  take 
in  fome  more  goods  at  that  ifland,  departed 
accordingly  ;  and  I  follow'd  three  days  after 
in  a  forry  brigantine  of  Martinicoi  when  I 
had  taken  my  leave  of  the  intendantj  the 
governour,  ahd  the  miiXc^k  oi Maintenbn  i 
the  fame  gentleman  whofe  father  was  pre- 
7  O  vaii'd 


( 


ill,' 


■  'ill  ■■ 


I  \ 

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I   I 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


1.1 


LiMT^    12.5 
■^  Kii    12.2 

H:  1^  i2.o 


Hm 


11-25  III  1.4   1  1.6 

< 

6"     

► 

Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  S73-4S03 


''^ 


974       V^oyage  from  Martinico  to  Guadaloupe. 


i^.i 


Wl 


F'ARnoT.vailM  upon  to  difpofe  of  his  eH  \tc  nnii 
"■^"V^^  title  at  B.aitce,  near  Cbartres,  to  inailam 
Scarroii,  tlic  rcnownfi  lady  at  tlic  F),-)ic/j 
court.  AtttT  which,  the  marquils  rttir'ii 
hither  with  his  lady,  where  he  has  let  up 
a  fine  plantation,  about  two  or  three  E/ig- 
hjh  miles  from  the  town  C)l  St.  Peter,  call'd 
there  lomnioniy  Lit  Montague,  and  is  liis 
dwelling-place  ;  the  road  to  which  from  that 
town,  is  a  l.irge  lane  hedged  all  along,  on 
both  fides,  wi;h  curious  rows  of  large  orange 
and  lemon-trees,  which  makes  it  one  of  the 
moll  dilightful  walks  that  can  be  imagin'd, 
fortlK-  pleafmtnefs  of  the  profpect,  and  the 
ravilliing  fragrant  odour  of  the  blolToms  of 
both  fruits.  The  trees  are  all  the  year  full 
of  blolloins  and  fruit,  whofe  pure  wlute  and 
the  lively  red,  together  with  the  lirgenels 
ol  ilie  oranges  an.l  lemons,  natur.dly  inter- 
niix'd  in  a  prodigious  quantity  among  the 
freih  fliining  and  ex  er  green  leaves  of  the 
tree-,  is  extremely  charming  to  behold,  lI- 
pecially  in  the  tool  of  tiie  morning  ;  befides, 
tiie  great  quantity  ol  Imall  birtls  that  fwarni 
there  :  ami  more  particularly,  that  fo  won- 
derful little  creature  call'ii  there  Culihris,  or 
the  humming-birii,  fome  of  which  are  no 
bigg.r  than  a  cherry,  with  variety  of  flii- 
ning feathers,  (and  are  ufed  by  fomc  for  pen- 
dants and  other  ornaments,)  continually  fly- 
ing about  and  perching  on  the  trees. 

The  oranges  there  are  of  that  valuable 
fort,  which  have  a  tafte  betwixt  the  Chiiui 
and  iV.-t;/,  full  of  juice,  and  commonly  ex- 
traordinary large  and  rcfrefliing.  Sometimes 
not  only  the  trees  arc  loaded  with  them,  but 
the  road  is  all  llrew'd  with  fuch  as  fall  of 
themfelves  when  over-ripe;  which  I  par- 
tic,;!  irly  obfcrv'd,  having  frequent  occafiun 
to  wait  on  the  marquifs  at  his  plantation  :  in 
going  thither,  my  horfc  trampled  many  of 
ti.eni  under  his  feet.  This  fort  of  orange  in 
i-'rniice  is  call'd  Blgarrade. 

Being  re.idy  to  fail  for  GuniLiloii/:i:,  I  went 
about  a  league  from  the  town,  where  the 
vefl^:!  lay  ready,  ex|K(fting  a  pals  from  the 
count  /'C  IV.en.tc  general  of  the  ifl.uids,  to 
iinbaik  there  in  the  brigantine,  and  was  de- 
tain'il  there  all  that  day,  by  a  I'ort  of  dril- 
ling rain,  attended  witii  horrid  claps  of 
tliunder,  and  great  lightning,  which  made 
us  very  apprehenfive  of  an  hurrican,  that  be- 
ing the  moll  common  feafon  for  them  J  and 
occafionM  the  fquadron  under  Mr.  de  Gn- 
Ihiirct,  before  mention'd,  to  weigh  and  fail 
away  into  the  open  fea  with  great  precipi- 
tation •,  fome  of  the  men-of-war,  and  our  Sun 
of  ylfiica  having  already  recciv'd  damage  in 
their  rigging  by  the  lightning.  The  laft 
nicntion'd  (liip  had  her  main  top-mad  all 
lliatter'd  by  it,  every  man  Hill  having  frefh 
in  his  memory  the  jiurrican  of  the  year  be- 
fore, which  made    fuch  great  havock.  at 


Anlep'i;  and  of  which  I  iliall  fiiy    more 
hqreafter. 

The  next  day  the  intcndant  confented  that 
the  bngintine  lliould  fail  forthwith,  tho'  the 
gener.d's  pHs  wis  not  yet  come  down,  ihat 
being  i  li.dly  (xpedition,  for  the  fervice  of 
the  company  i  and  accordingly  about  noon, 
having  got  my  trunks  antl  portmanteaus  a- 
board,  with  ioniebalkcts  ot  the  levcral  fruits 
of  the  ifl and,  fint  me  by  a  lady  of  my  ac- 
quaintance from  her  plantation  ilandingnear 
this  lieat  h,  1  lit  fail  tor  the  point  Le  Pref- 
chcur,  the  re  to  take  in  Ibme  provifions  and 
refrefhrnents. 

This  lliort  paffagc  was  very  troublefoine 
and  dangerous  at  the  llafon  ot  hurricans,  in 
a  forry  boat,  ill  mann'd,  worfe  rigg'd,  and 
deep  laden.  About  middle  way  between 
Alartinico  and  Dommna,  the  weather  grew 
fo  boiftcrous,  and  the  wind  vary'd  fo  often, 
that  we  had  good  realbn  to  fear  a  hurrican  -, 
but  providence  jiroti  ded  us.  Under  D-ini- 
fiica,  we  lay  two  whole  ilays  in  dead  calms 
andexcelTive  fcoixiiing  weather,  without  any 
llielter,  in  the  little  velfel,  which  made  us  all 
fick  -,  and  maiie  mo  very  unealy  fearing  the 
Raiiiboiv,  not  having  heard  of  mc  by  the 
time  I  had  a])polnted,  would  have  proceeded 
on  her  voyage  to  i'raiice.  However,  the 
fourth  ilay  of  our  paffige,  towards  night, 
we  arrivM  fd'eintlie  road  oi' Giii!,lti!or/fe,  and 
found  the  /?«/'«.'/()»  there,  having  alio  had  a 
long  paffage  from  Miir.inico  ;  and  tlic  day 
before,  loll  two  of  her  anchors  in  tiiat  loacl, 
for  which  rcafon  flie  could  not  lail :  but  three 
days  after  my  arrival,  provided  other  anchors 
and  ncccfHirics  for  the  voyage. 

I  fpent  that  time  in  regul.iting  the  affairs  ot 
the  Lompiny,  with  her  apcius  tlicrc  ;  and 
vifiting  my  friends  and  aequaini.ince  about 
the  ill  ami,  as  madam  dii  Liov,  the  former 
governour,  the  chevalier  Hiii'tHii's  witiow, 
the  preftnt  governour ;  and  otiicr  perfons  oi 
note,  with  whom  I  had  much  difcourfe  con- 
cerning the  good  of  that  colony,  and  the  af- 
fairs of  the  company,  el'pecially  in  relation 
to  the  trade  of  flavesj  all  of  them  defiring 
I  fliould  move  tlic  board  at  Parts,  to  order 
that  ifland  for  the  future,  to  be  more  con- 
ftantly  ilipply'd  with  them  from  Guinea  ;  and 
not  to  fend  thither  the  refute  of  the  llaves  of 
A/<2>vm;V<?,ashad  been  pradlis'dto  their  great 
prejudice,  by  the  company's  agents  and  com- 
manders ;  but  that  their  fliips  fliould  altern;.- 
tively  make  diri.<ff  ly  for  their  ifland  from  the 
coalt  of  Guinea.  Ihey  alfo  dellred  I  fliould 
pray  the  board  to  employ  in  their  affairs 
there,  men  of  a  good  repute  and  vers'd  in 
trade,  with  many  other  particulars. 
On  thetwenty-fecondof  7«(y>  about  eleven 
in  the  morning,  I  went  aboard  the  Rainbow, 
thinking  to  fail ;  but  it  blew  defperately  hard 
all  tiiatday,  lb  that  we  could  not  get  up  ot.. 

anchors, 


Dreadful  Thunder  and  Lightning. 


T7? 


anchors.  The  next  morning,  tlie  weather  b|- 
ing  pretty  favouraWc,  we  got  under  fail,  ami 
proceeded  on  our  voyage  for  Havre  de  Grace 
in  France,  palTing  in  fight  of  Mont/errat,  Re- 
<londa,  Nevis,  St.  Cbriihj'her's,  and  /Inte- 
goa,  and  arrived  there  fill'  on  the  nineteenth 
of  Seplember  following ;  nothing  very  re- 
nrirkable  having  occurr'd  in  ;ill  our  p.ifiagc, 
befidcs  what  I  am  now  to  rel.uc,  as  being 
fomi-what  fingular  in  it  l^lf,  and  very  tcT- 
riblc  to  behold. 

On  the  twenty-eighth  of  7«/v,  fix  tl.iys  after 
our  departure  troni  Guadaloiipc,  the  wind  at 
fouch-weft,  we  crofb'd  the  tropick  of  C nicer, 
by  our  ellim.ition,  fleering  nonh-eaft  by 
nortii.  The  iwenty-ninih  we  were  becalm'd 
all  day,  and  fo  the  thirtieth  ;  by  oliftrv.i- 
tion  this  day,  twenty-five  degrees  twenty 
minutes  north  latituile  ;  wc  took  a  Hiark,  the 
weather  thick  and  rainy. 

On  the  thirty-tirlt  wc  faw  a  fail  a-llein,  at 
break  of  day,  Ihinding  fouth-eall,  thick  wea- 
ther an.l  excedlvc  hot,  with  great  tldlies  of 
liglitningi  bjing  then  by  eftimation  about 
eighty-four  leagues  fouth  by  eaft  ot  the  fniall 
illands  of  Bermuil.u.  Towards  evening  the 
heat  abated  a  little  till  near  eleven  at  night, 
when  it  incrcasM  aimod  intolerably,  and  was 
very  c.dm.  We  lial'd  up  our  fiilsat  two  in 
th''  mornin;^,  being  apprchenfive  by  the  ilil- 
pofition  of  the  weatlicr  of  Ibme  ilrcadful 
Itorm,  or  other  fatal  accident  -,  and  we  li  ul 
fc.u-:e  done  it,  b-t'ore  on  a  fudtien  all  the  he- 
mifphere  appear'd  in  a  llanie,  with  frightful 
horrid  thunder  all  about  the  Ihip,  attended 
with  a  violent  heavy  rai:i  like  a  Hood,  and  a 
tcmptftuous  wiiiJ,  wlii.ii  niadcib  hope  that 
the  itorm  woukl  foon  blow  over:  butinflead 
DtcAjfiil  of  it,  the  flaflies  of  lightning  and  clajis  of 
jiirm.  thunder  increas'd  and  grew  lb  proJigiois, 
that  the  two  elements  of  air  and  water  feem'd 
to  be  converted  into  fir^',  witii  luchadiad 
calm  and  fulVocating  fulphureous  Ifcnch,  that 
we  could  fearce  breathe;  which  gave  us  all 
caufe  to  apprehend  fome  tlifmal  event.  A- 
bout  three  in  the  morning  a  flafii  of  light- 
ning fell  with  a  dreadful  noife  on  the  fore- 
cadle,  going  in  at  one  of  the  doors,  and  paf- 
fing  through  the  head,  without  doing  any 
other  harm,  befiJes  fiightly  wounding  a 
little  black  boy,  who  lay  there  in  the  elbow, 
and  fome  potiltry,  which  cry'd  after  a  hid.-ous 
manner ;  and  (Iruck  a  mighty  conllernation 
among  us  all :  it  alfo  fplinter'd  a  timber  in 
the  fore-calUe.  About  half  an  hour  after, 
the  weather  not  only  continu'd,  but  the  vio- 
lence feem'd  to  increafe  ;  and  then  a  fecond 
flafii  of  lightning  fell  upon  our  main-maft, 
with  fo  prodigious  anoile,  that  the  moil  un- 
daunted Tiilors  were  feiz'd  with  horror,  and 
fome  utterly  (lupify'd  and  void  of  fenfe. 
When  this  happened,  I  wasjull  fteppingout 
of  the  great  cabbin  into  the  fteeridge  ;  and 


diftinftly  faw,  about  four  or  five  paces  from  Bar  nor. 
me,  as  it  were  a  ball  of  fire,  about  as  big  ''*^y>^ 
as  a  man's  fifl:  •,  which  burft  into  many 
fparks,  much  in  the  nature  of  fky-rockets, 
when  they  are  at  their  higheft  elevation, 
giving  fuch  a  monftrous  report,  that  I  know 
not  how  to  exprefs  it ;  but  it  ftunn'd  me  as 
ifa  great  number  of  large  cannon  had  been 
exadtly  fir'd  tlie  fame  moment.  This  made 
me  fall  down  bacl'.wards  on  a  trunk  that 
Hood  within  the  cabhin-'loor  -,  and  in  that 
pofture  I  continu'd  fome  minutes  quite  be- 
fide  my  felf -,  nor  were  thofe  who  Hood  in 
the  fteeridge  lels  friidited  and  amaz'd.  That 
which  redoubled  our  conllernation,  was  the 
hideous  Ihrieking  and  crying  we  heard  at  the 
fame  time  from  .ill  parts  of  the  fiiip,  both 
above  and  under  deck,  as  well  from  the  men, 
as  leveral  forts  of  creatures  we  had  aboard  i 
as  Iheep,  liogs,  turkeys,  hens,  ducks,  mon- 
keys, go.its,  dogs,  parrots,  antl  geefe,  fome 
ot  which  we  afterwards  tound  dead,  their 
heads,  feet  or  tails  carry'd  away  ;  the  unpa- 
rallcU'd  thunder continuinj^  all  the  time,  and 
the  flifiies  of  lightning  incefTintly  flying 
about  the  fiiip,  ,is  being  the  only  body  that 
was  any  thing  rais'd  above  the  ocean  •,  and 
lightning  generally  reputed  to  attack  the 
higheft  places.  The  w.ives,  tho'  in  motion, 
did  not  break  or  rife  very  iiigh,  by  realon  the 
air  had  been  fo  long  ilill;  and  the  fiiip  hav- 
ing no  fails  out,  or  wind  to  keep  her  lledd/ 
roll'd  about  lb  violently,  that  the  men  could 
not  ftand  without  holding  by  fomething. 

Being  in  this  dreadful  condition,  on  a 
fudden  we  were  all  in  a  thick  fulphureous 
imoik,  rifing  from  under  the  ilecks,  which 
made  us  all  conclude  the  fliip  had  taken 
lire,  or  that  the  lightninghid  pierc'd  thro' 
to  the  very  bottom  ;  fo  that  we  had  no  other 
profpeft  than  being  immediately  devour'd 
by  the  fiames,  or  fwallow'd  up  by  the  mcr- 
cilefs  fea  :  and  the  more,  for  that  not  only 
the  hold  w.isftow'd  quite  full  of  fugar-cafks 
and  barrels  of  indigo,  but  even  between 
decks,  there  was  little  ilirring  for  bales  of 
cotton  ;  lb  that  it  was  impoHlble  to  come 
at  any  leak  to  ftop  it.  In  this  perplexity 
a  man  was  order'd  to  try  the  pimips,  to  fee 
what  water  the  fliip  made  ;  and  others  to 
fearch  all  parts  tbr  fire.  The  few  minutes 
they  were  about  it,  feem'd  an  age  to  us  all, 
our  fate  depending  on  their  report ;  but  it 
pleas'd  the  infinite  goodnefs  of  God,  that 
they  fountl  no  tokens  of  fire  below,  nor  any 
increafe  ot  water  by  the  pumps  :  which  re- 
port much  cheer'd  our  drooping  fpirits, 
and  made  us  conclude,  it  might  be  a  true 
opinion,  that  lightning  never  penetrates  into 
liquid  bodies  -,  and  that  the  ftinking  fmoak 
which  encompafs'd  us,  was  produc'd  by  the 
violent  agitation  of  the  air,  and  the  extra- 
ordinary prcflTure  occafion'd  by  thunder  and 

lightning, 


«■  ■    f 


;<■■ 


MM 


't  ti';i^ 


^mvi 


^16 


Dreadful  TImnder  and  Lightning. 


fei  ■  ■! 


m 


lUiuioT.  lightning,  efpccially  between  the  iropicks, 
'-"V"^  and  ncir  them  ;  tlie  caules  and  effcds  of 
whicjj,  are  beyond  our  coinprehenfion. 

This  made  us  change  our  inifenn-  met  Deui 
into  laud'ite  Domtnum  omnei  g,<!ntes,  for  lb 
great  a  di-liverance  in  fuch  difmal  circum- 
ftances  i  and  put  us  in  mind  of  the  words  of 
the  pfalmift,  Pfalm  xxix.  ;^.  and  Ixxvii. 
1 8,  19.  Thi-vokeof  the  I.nr.l  is  11/011  the 
waters  ;  the  Gad  of  glory  tbuuiiercib  ■■,  ibe 
Lord  is  upon  viiim  %Viiters.  And  again,  Ibc 
■vo'uc  of  iby  tbu'ui'r  w.is  in  tbc  br.ivrii ;  ibc 
lighlni'ix  l:gl.<ti\l  ibc  ivoild,  ibe  etirtb  tremli'fd 
and  fl:ook.  'fhy  iv.iy  is  in  tbc  k-i,  and  ihy 
pubs  in  tbe  p-eai  -icaten  ;  and  lb\  tcr.ijirj'S 
<(»v  no.'  <no%vn.  Thck-  k)rty  cxpn-nuMis  ot 
the  pfaliiiilf,  in  loinc  mcarure  f{x.Mk  i lie  na- 
ture of  tliat  teni|iclf,  which  no  toni^iic  or 
pill  can  dcfcribi',  as  it  appear'd  to  us,  lor 
tome  hours,  without  intcrminion.  I  Ih.ili 
only  add,  that  during  that  Ipace  of  time  t'le 
lightning  leemM  to  run  in  that  feipemine  li- 
guie,  as  potts  and  painters  rcprelint  yotv's 
thunderbolts  ;  and  lb  entirely  lill'd  the  hc- 
mil'phere,  that  we  could  not  bur  •  oiuludc 
tin-  time  of  the  >Tcneral  conflagration,  mcii- 
tionVl  inthe  iVripture.waL  ihencomc.  Some- 
tinus  the  whole  horizon  appear'd  more  lii^ht 
than  it  does  in  thebrightelf  Uin-fliineilay  at 
noon,  and  immediately  we  were  left  amidit 
the  obfcurlty  of  the  darkell  night  •,  light  and 
darknefs  often  fucceeding  one  anotiier,  as  it 
they  had  ftruggled  which  fliould  prevail  up- 
on the  ocean,  which  rcry  much  atVefted  our 
eyes,  9ccafioning  much  wcaknefs  in  them. 

After  a  confulerable  time  f[>entin  return- 
ing thanks  to  our  great  deliverer,  the  liay 
appear'd,  its  ligl.t  by  degrees  difpelling  the 
noik-  of  the  thunder  and  the  flalhes  of  light- 
ning i  when  follow'tl  fuch  a  heavy  fliowcr 
ot  large  and  warm  rain,  as  quite  laid  that  o- 
thcr  rtorm,  with  this  farther  advantage, 
that  it  much  refrefli'd  us,  cooling  the  do'e 
iiiHbcating  air,  which  was  compleaieii  by 
a  gentle  wind  rifing  gently  with  the  rain, 
and  carrying  off  that  inl'upportabie  ful|)lui- 
rcous  ftench,  which  had  before  almolf  fuf^b- 
cated  us. 
stmnguf-  As  the  day-light  increas'd,  fo  that  wc 
/"«■<(>/  tould  teethings  about  us,  u  was  very  fur- 
bihtning.  prizing  to  behold  the  (hattcr'd  condition  of 
our  marts,  fails  and  rigging  ;  and  our  decks 
ftrew'd  with  thefplinters  of  our  mails  and 
yarils :  but  efpccially  the  main  mail,  on 
whicluhe  fecond  flafli  of  lightning,  before 
fpoken  ot,  had  fallen,  and  pafs'd  almolt 
from  one  end  to  the  other :  for  it  lighted 
on  the  iron  fpindle  of  the  fane,  which  it  cut 
afunder,  as  if  it  had  been  done  by  hand  i 
and  we  found  it  (ticking  deep  in  the  planks 
of  the  deck  on  an  end,  and  (lill  burning  hot 
to  the  feeling,  tho*  it  was  five  hours  fmce  it 
had  been  done.  Moft  of  the  fails  not  lieing 
furl'd,  but  only  drawn  up  in  the  brails,  were 


Slhcr  torn  or  fconh'ii  and  burnt  ;  and 
loft  otihf  rigging  was  in  the  fame  con- 
dition. The  li[',hining  having  cut  the  fpin- 
dle, as  lias  Iv.en  fiid,  liink  through  the  toji- 
gallant  .iiid  to;-  iivlK  fliivcring  them  as  if 
they  ijal  bi-tn  In.  w'd  'n  Ipliiitcrs  with  iodK  ; 
then  n>.ittcring  .I'i  the  tojis  .md  ilu-  in.iin- 
yarii,  an  i  finl.:,g  down  t.'nough  tliu  Whole- 
body  of  lir- ni.'.in-m.dt,  till  ir  cami'  between 
decks,  wlnre  11  bui  U  a  barrel  of  indigo  tlia' 
lay  at  tlv.'  foot  ot  the  matl,  UMtrcring  all 
tlieindigii  fir  aboi't,  tho'  tlicplai'  was  lull 
ot  bagsol  cotion  ;  wlienn'  riling  :ig,iin  thro' 
the  fciiitle  in  the  Occrn'gi-,  it  brnkooui  near 
the  great  cililiin-tNior,  ,ind  Inirll:  witli  that 
ilivadful  nolle,  and  in  the  m.;iiiur  klorc 
iiuntion'J. 

Anotlur  furpiifing  eflVd  of  this  ftorm.  fr «//;,, • 
was,  that  it  difibled  all  th',' rompidl-s  which •''"■  ■""• 
Wire  in  ule,  tome  of  tlieni  deviating  feven,'"'/'- 
and  others  twenty  thric  digrees;  only    the 
a/.imuth   iiim|Mls    b.  ing    tjuii  ililhioiinted 
and  hid  in  its  l)ox  uiuliM-  a  bed,  rciciv'd  no 
hurt :  which  w.is  will  for  11s,  we  haviii!^  no 
load-lloiu' al)oard  ihe  Ihij),   to  touch  tlie  o- 
tliirs  again  and   lender   them   ulctiil  ;  and 
being  ton  'd  to  make  ufc  ofth.it  one  all  the 
retl  ot  our  voyage. 

About  Icvcn  in  the  morning  the  wind 
ccafed,  and  a  lin.dl  rain  Ibllow'd  it  ;  and  in 
a  lliort  time  the  weather  >:,rcw  tlilhial  dark, 
.md  tl'.e  ka  liling  more  and  more,  the  thun- 
der was  renew'd,  attended  with  great  flillus 
and  the  wind  lliilting  fuddenly  from  fouth- 
ealf  to  Will,  and  well  north-welf,  and  thcnco 
ag.iin  to  fouth-iall,  gave  julb  caufc  to  ap- 
prelitmi  we  wire  toexpeda  hurricaui  which 
put  us  all  into  a  great  conlfernation  and 
drc.id,  confidering  the  ilifmal  condition  our 
fliip  was  in.  I  I,i\ing  refign'd  our  fclves  to 
the  will  of  providence,  ami  fervently  bcgg'd 
its  allillaiuein  the  worlt  ol  extremities,  we 
fet  all  haniU  to  work  to  put  tlie  vtllil  into 
the  belt  [:oflure  to  refill  the  llorm  if  it  Ihould 
come;  to  this  ctl'eft  our  top-mafts  were 
ftruck,  and  the  yards  brought  down  to  the 
gunnels  ot  the  lliip. 

In  that  condition  we  waited  four  hours 
with  great  anxiety,  what  tho  event  would 
be  v  attcr  which,  by  degrees,  we  began  to 
conceive  hojx.-s  of  good  we.ither  again,  by 
the  fight  of  a  little  bright  cloud  rifing  at 
fouth-caft,  which  brought  on  a  gentle  wind, 
abated  the  furgcs  of  the  ocean  already  very 
high  up,  and  at  length  cleared  the  air  into 
a  calm. 

This  lafted  not  Jong  ;  for  juft  .after  dinner 
the  wind  began  a-new  to  blow  trefh  at  north- 
weft  ;  and  as  it  ftill  increas'd,  (hittcd  on  a 
fudden  to  the  north,  and  then  again  to  the 
north-caft,  bringing  on  another  florm  of 
thunder  and  lightning,  with  a  heavy  rain, 
for  two  hours,  which  fecm'd  two  years  to 
every  man.iboard,  looking  upon  it  as  a  cer» 

tuin 


f 


An  Account  of  Hunt  cans. 


'in  ;  am? 
iinip  roii- 
:  the  Ipin- 
li  thr  top- 
liem  as  it" 
itii  lool^  \ 
;lu-  ni.iin- 
tliL'  wliolc 
I'  hctwccii 

llli^O  tll.i' 

riTiny  all 
0  was  hill 
g.iin  tliro' 
com  luMf 
with  ili.it 
KT  Ixtore 

lis  llorm.  Uiiff, 
(Its  which  •■'"•  '"■' 
\v^  fcven, '"*''■ 
only   the 
irinoiiiitfil 
ccivM  no 
i.iviiij^  no 
i(  Ii  the  o- 
ttiil  ;  and 
Jiic  all  the 

the  wiiul 
it  ;  and  in 
iiial  dark, 
,  the  tluin- 

Mt  n.iiiHs 

0111  Ibiilh- 
■nd  thence 
lie  to  a  fl- 
an i  which 
ation  and 
lition  our 
r  lllvcs  to 

y  l^egS''! 
nitit's',  \vi' 

cllcl  into 

itihould 
.ifts  were 
iwn  to  the 

Jiir  hour-i 
nt  would 

began  to 
;igain,  by 

rifing  ac 
ntlc  wind, 

ady  very 
le  air  into 

"tcr  dinner 

u  north- 
Ited  on  a 
ain  to  the 

ftorm  of 
•avy  rain, 
>  years  to 
t  as  a  cer» 
tain 


^77 


tain  lorcrtinnrr  of  .i  hurricnn.  However, 
it  pleafed  God  to  avert  it  at  laft  i  for  then 
the  wind  fliit'ted  to  the  -'all,  the  ocean  grew 
more  ftill,  the  weather  clear'd  up,  the 
thunder  ccafcd,  and  the  flaflies  vanifli'd  a- 
way  i  till  the  air  became  fcrcne  and  fettled. 
Prayers  bcin^  ended,  our  Jiroplc  grew 
hearty,  and  kll  to  repair  the  damage  in  our 
malls,  fails  and  rigging,  as  well  as  it  could 
be  done  in  our  circumllances;  but  it  was 
fo  very  great;  that  it  coulil  not  be  perforiii'd 
in  a  fliort  time :  our  main  mall,  particular- 
ly, was  fo  fliatterM,  that  it  could  not  he 
imde  ferviceable,  without  fifliing  it ;  lor 
which,  by  good  tbrtune,  we  were  provided 
with  Tome  I'pare  pieces  ot  timber.  Whilll 
that  w.is  doing,  we  held  on  our  eourle  with 
our  two  forelails,  to  north- north-eall  and 
iiorth-ealt  by  north,  about  a  league  an 
hour,  our  pumps  giving  little  or  no  water. 
The  following  night  was  lair  and  cool. 

The  next  day,  the  carpenter  had  repair- 
ed the  main  mall,  fo  th.it  towards  night  the 
main  yard  was  hoilled  up,  in  i  aim  weather. 
At  night  we  had  a  brilk  gale.  Tli.it  day, 
our  obfervation  was  twenty  feven  degrees 
three  miniitis  north,  and  three  hundreil  lix- 
teen  degrees  forty  minutes  longitude  call, 
lleering  north-call:  by  north,  the  wiml  at 
c.ill  louih-eall  and  eall  by  loiitli. 

The  next  morning  we  Ipy'd  two  fail  to 
windward,  (finding  north-eall  by  north, 
but  our  main-top  mall  and  fail  not  being 
up,  we  could  not  chafe  them.  The  obfer- 
vation was,  at  noon,  twenty-eight  degrees 
twenty  minutes  north  •,  at  night  hazy  wea- 
ther, and  fome  Ihort  gulls  of  wind,  very  iii- 
tonfiderable :  the  variation  feven  degrees 
anil  a  half  eall. 

The  next  day  we  were  becalmM  in  ainy 
weather;  ilie  two  fail  we  had  fpy'd  tlv-  day 
before,  llooil  then  to  leeward,  ami  put  out 
Kni^iijh  colours :  obferv.ition  twenty-nine 
ilegrees  twenty-Hve  minutes,  tourle  north- 
tall  by  north,  the  wind  eafl-fouth-call. 

The  next  day  little  wind,  but  great  fwel- 
ling  waves.  The  two  following  days  calm, 
obfervation  thirty -two  degrees  five  minutes, 
three  hundred  ai.d  twenty  degrees  twelve 
minutes  longitude  of  I'gno ;  we  caught  four 
dorados,  and  the  day  after  two  more.  And 
thus  being  deliver'd  from  any  more  appre- 
henfion  of  a  hurrican,  we  held  on  our 
courle  for  Havre  ile  Grace;  where  we  ar- 
riv'd,  as  has  been  laid,  on  the  nineteenth  of 
Seplemher  lollowing.  I  (laid  there  fome  days, 
and  was  piellnt  at  the  publick  rejoicings 
lor  the  birth  of  the  duke  of  Burgiituls,  the 
dauphin  of  h'rami\  cldeft  fon.  Among  o- 
ther  illuminations  made  there  on  that  night, 
that  which  the  men  of  war  that  Were  in  the 
bafon  m.ide,  was  very  fine,  each  (hip  that 
W.is  rigg'd,    being  every  where  from  tcp- 

VoL.  V. 


gallant  fhrouds  to  the  deck,  th  •  ftayi,  br.i-  Uapukit. 
CCS,  Off.  full  of  lights  in  lanthorns.  Thence  tO^>rf 
I  went  by  land  to  Dieppe,  and  afterwards 
to  RfiUffi,  to  vifit  my  friemlsi  .iiid  lioni 
Rouen  to  Paris,  where  I  g.ive,  in  my  twd 
months  flay  there,  a  full  account  to  the  ili- 
reflors  of  the  Afr'xcMi  company,  of  their 
aflairs  in  Guinea  and  in  Amern\i,  anil  my 
advice  what  was  moll  advantageous  for  the 
good  of  the  company. 

The  Lite  honoiiralile  Robert  lioyle,  who 
during  the  latter  years  of  his  life  lionour'd 
me  with  his  acquaint.mce,  was  pleated  to 
read  my  Drv.cb  manuli'ripts,  relating  to 
Guine.t,  and  took  particul.ir  notice  of  the 
above-mention'd  tempell  of  fire  and  brim- 
llone.  He  told  me,  he  had  receiv'd  much 
the  fame  account  of  a  llorm,  in  which  an 
l-'.n^Ujb  Ihip  I  .ill  been  .iliout  a  year  before, 
not  tar  from  Rermuiias,  which  was  inferted  at 
leiigih  in  the  l.onJoti  ga/.ctie,  only  differ- 
ing ill  that  particular  about  the  compafles  ; 
for  whereas  ours  were  mule  to  fwerve,  fome 
feveii,  others  twenty- three  degrees,  theirs 
deviated  much  more  i  which  he  concluded 
was  the  efVec't  of  the  thunder  feparating  the 
adamant  from  it. 

O/  H  u  R  R  I  c  A  N  s. 
T^Hl-'.KK  are  three  forts  of  hurricans  in 
*•    the  IVejl-liulies,  -viz.  norths,  foutlis,  and 
hurricans. 

The  norths  and  foutlis  are  more  peculiar 
at  the  bay  of  Mixiio,  Cuba,  Florida,  llif- 
paniola  and  Jamaica,  and  the  adjacent  parts 
of  America,  at  leveral  times  of  the  year, 
according  to  their  latitude  and  lon[iitiide  ; 
and  difier  only  from  the  hurricans,  which 
particularly  affect  the  Caribhce  id. mils,  in  be- 
ing more  coiillaiit  to  one  point  of  thecom- 
pa(s,  or  coming  tooncr  in  the  year;  but  do 
the  lame  mifcliief,  fome  of  them  lading  thirty 
hours  or  longer,  .is  the  hurricans  in  the  Cu- 
rtbbcc  iflands.  Thefe  norths  and  tiiuths  give 
fome  figns  of  their  approacli,  as  well  as  the 
hurricans;  and  by  what  enquiry  I  have 
made,  differ  but  little  from  each  other  in  that 
point. 

The  hurricans  which  i  hicfly  rage  among 
the  Carild'cc  ifl.iiuls,  are  generally  preceded 
by  imuliial  gentle  winds,  and  very  fair  wea- 
ther; or  by  a  great  glut  of  rain,  orelfe  by 
both  r.iins  and  c.ilms  together:  or  again, 
by  a  violent  rain  for  two  d.iys,  and  then  fair 
again  for  two  or  three  days  more. 

The  clouds  th.it  precede  a  hurrican  fly 
high,  preding  lorw.irjs,  and  fo  linked  one 
wiihin  another,  that  they  all  move  together. 
The  (kilts  of  them  are  of  feveral  hideou.'i 
colours,  and  the  very  edges  of  a  pale  fine 
colour  next  that  dull  yellow  ;and  nearer  the 
boilyofihe  cloud,  of  a  copper  colour,  The 
body  itlllf,  which  is  very  thick,  a[)pears  ex- 
7  H  —  7  K  traor* 


l\*  -1      '-I 


w\ 


Ii-.; :  ■'^•■t.i 


^8 


y4n  Account  of  Hurricans. 


m 


II.  i 


BARPoTtMordinary  black  ;  and  all  together  it  looks 
l/'V^very  terrible.  However,  it  muft  not  be 
taken  for  a  gemral  rule,  tlut  this  tern  ;ft 
docs  alw.iys  pvt  w.irning  of  its  coming  t,. 
aftly  alike  ;  for  there  may  be  fomc  tiitfe- 
rence  in  thofe  fif'ns,  tho'  all  of  them  are  plain 
enough,  if  well  ob'erved.  Bcfi-ies,  fome- 
time"!  they  are  double,  fometimes  only  fin- 
gle  figns  -,  and  fomeimes  the  figns  may  be 
morevifible  and  plain  than  at  other  times, 
through  fomc  accidental  caufe,  as  of  fome 
high  land  or  mountain  intcrpos'd  between 
the  obfi-rver  and  the  horizon  •,  particularly 
if  it  lies  north-eafl  from  him,  the  quarter 
where  hurricans  commonly  rife. 

By  thefe  figns  the  inhabitants  are  moftly 
certain  of  a  hurrican  ;  and  dilpofe    ihi-m- 
fc'lves  as  much  as  may  be  to  avoid  tlie  ter- 
rible efTefts  of  its  fury,  and  warn  the  lom- 
man.lers  of  Ihips  to  prov  ide  for  it  i  fome  re- 
tiring into  proper  harbours,  as  in  the  h'rfnch 
idands  Cul  de  Sac  Royal,  and  SawUs  near  Gu.i- 
(lalauje,  or  endeavour  to   ma!;e  the  bed   ot 
their  way  to  tiif  open  fea,  far  from  land. 
In  the  Englip  iflands,  Mojitto  Cove  in  St, 
yo'.m's  harbourin  y/«/^|Od,fervesthemfora  re- 
treat on  fuch  occafions.     For  want  ot  fuch 
harbours,  they  moor  their  fliips  as  fecure  as 
they  can  with  all  their  cables  and  ancuors, 
befi.les  ibme  cables  they  make  fafl:  afhore  to 
groat  trees  j  all  their  marts  ami  yards  down, 
their  crews  often  retiring  afliore  for  Ihelter. 
The  planters,  as  is  pradis'd  in  the  trench 
colonies,  repair  with  their  families  and  beft 
moveables  to  their  hurrican  huts,  each  fub- 
ftantial  planter  having  futh  a  one  near  his 
plantation  ;  being  built  low,  on  large  flumps 
oftre.  s  deeply  fix'd  in  the  ground,  and  com- 
monly not  above  feven  foot  high,  of  ftrong 
polls  f.iftin'd  to  each  other  by  crofs-pieces 
of  timber,  with   ropes    cad  over  the  roof 
to  fecure  it  from  flying  away. 

The  hurricans  commonly  begin  with  a 
very  fii  ice  norili-e.ilt  •,  and  vivriiig  about  to 
the  north  and  north  north-weft,  fettle  tiiere 
a-while,  bringing  with  them  very  iicavy 
gluts  of  rain  tor  five  or  fix  hours  i  and  then 
will  often  abate  much,  and  fall  flat  calm, 
and  the  rain  ceafe.  The  fea  enraged  by 
thofe  fierce  winds,  looks  in  the  night  all  of 
a  fire  ;  and  ebbs  prcxligioufiy  :  and  on  the 
contrary,  at  other  times  fhips  that  lay  a- 
g-ound  before  the  florm,  are  by  it  cafl  a 
great  way  up  the  land,  fome  from  one  fide 
of  a  harbour  to  the  other  ;  the  fliores  flrew'd 
with  fi'hof  feveral  forts,  great  and  Imall  •, 
even  Iharks,  porpoifes,  and  abundance  of 
fowls  arealfo  deflroy'd  by  it.  The  houfes 
are  blown  down,  fome  of  them  torn  from 
their  very  foundations,  and  carried  away 
through  the  air,  as  it  once  hapj)en'd  at  Gua- 
diloupe;  and  even  men  blown  up  into  the  air. 
Tlie  trees  are  torn  up  by  the  roots,  or  their 


heads  and  branches  fhacter'd,  and  look  as  if 
the  flames  had  fcorch'd  their  leaves ;  and 
fometimes  no  leaves  are  left  on  them,  nor 
any  green  on  the  ground,  but  all  looks  like 
winter:  thciow- lands overflow'd,  fhips cafb 
afliore  lying  on  their  fides,  and  the  malts 
fticking  in   the   fand  ;  others  drove   from 
their  anchors,  beating  in  pieces  on  the  rocks, 
or  crufhing  and  battering  one  another :  and 
others  carry'd  out  to  fea,  fome  never  heard 
of  again ;  and  Ibme   having  much  ado  to 
prelervc  themfelves  from    the  furious  tem- 
peit,  the   k.\  being  in  a  violent  motion  as 
well  as  the  air.     Abundance  of  pcrfons  are 
drowned  or  killM  by  fundry  accidents  oc- 
cafion'd  by  the  florm,  and  a  multitude  of 
goods  of  all  forts  Ipoil'd,  wafli'd  away,  or 
damag'd  :  fb  that  it  is  a  difmal  fpedtacic  to 
behold  the  ifland,  that  has  been  expos'd  to 
the  fury  of  Ibme  hurricans,  and  to  hear  the 
coniplaintsof  the  inhabitants,  many  of  whom 
were  before  well  to  pals,  l)eing  in  one  night 
reduced  to  a  very  low  condition.     Antegoa 
had  that  misfortune  in  1681,  as  I  have  ob- 
fervcd.  The  hurrican  which  happen'd  at  that 
time,  wrought  llich  terrible  eltiefts  there,  that 
thofe  who  ufed  tl:etrade,  coming  thither  foon 
after,  could  fcarce  believe  it  to  be  the  fame 
ifland  :  and  the  fune  has  hajipened  at  Mar- 
tinico,  Guadalotipc,  Marigalante,  Montferrat, 
St.   Cb)ijlo:iei'it  and  otjicr   neighbouring 
iflands,   as  alfo  to  Babardoes,  all  of  them 
being  fubjeifl  to  thefe  tempcfts  in  their  turn, 
fome  one  year,  and  fome  another:  and  fome 
of  ihcm   have  felt  two  or  three  hurricans, 
in  the  months  ot  July,  Auguft,  and  Septetti' 
ber,  the  ufual  time  of  their  coming. 

This  fort  of  tempeft  was  very  fatal  to  the 
Eiighjh  Iquai'ron,  under  the  lord  IFilloughby, 
con-^illing  of  thirteen  fliips,    a  ketch,    and 


t!iree  barks,  which  lail'd  from  Barbadoes, 
with  two  thoufand  land  men,  befides  the 
fliip's  crews,  \\\ /luitift  1666,  with  a  dcfign 
to  conquer  the  ifland  of  St.  Cbrijiopber  ; 
and  by  the  way,  they  attempted  to  take 
fome  large  rich  hrencb  fbips  of  the  company, 
whicli  were  retir'd  into  the  harbour  of  the 
ifles  of  Lfs  Sainles,  near  Guadaloupe.  The 
Engltjh  fleet  had,  to  that  efl^edt,  got  to 
the  windward  of  thofe  iflands,  by  means  of 
a  gentle  north-weft  wind,  then  blowing  $ 
and  being  betwixt  the  faid  iflands,  Mariga- 
lante and  Dominica,  \uv'wgGuadatoufe  a-head 
of  them,  the  wind  role  by  degrees,  with 
all  the  figns  of  an  approaching  hurrican  ; 
which,  about  feven  in  the  evening,  began 
fo  fiercely,  that  the  fleet  w.isdifpcrled,  andEngijfl, 
all  the  fhips  loft,  except  a  fly-boat,  and  tvio/liift  UJl. 
other  fmalK  r  veflxis,  which  efcaped  with  only 
the  lots  of  tlitir  niafls. 

The  Eiig!ifii  fliips  the  admiral  had  detached 
before  the  liurriean  •  Mme,  for  the  ifl-s  of 
5..»,7  J,    to   carry  .iwiy    ihence  the  l-','uh 

coinpany's 


^n  Account  ofHurricant. 


%19 


lit  mm 

fkin  h 
:ift'iencl) 


1  ilctached 
lie  in  s  of 

;. .    ,  ^ 

|oin[:!iiy'3 


company's  (hips,  before  mention'd,  were 
there  drove  afhore.  The  officers,  foldiers 
and  marim-rs,  being  about  fix  hundred  men, 
gottoliml,  with  pirc  of  their  ammunition 
and  cannon,  to  fortify  themfclves  there,  in 
a  lorry  fm.iil  redoubt  thty  found,  againft 
any  attacks  from  the  Frenrb,  in  cafe  of  ne- 
cciTity,  till  they  could  find  means  to  get 
away  by  fea,  to  fomeof  the  illands  of  their 
nation. 

But  the  fieur  du  Lion,  governour  of  Gua- 
ilalniipe,  being  inforni'd  of  it,  tiio'  all  the 
barks  and  bouts  of  his  government  had  been 
dcftroy'd  by  the  fmie  hurrican,  caufed  his 
men  to  be  carried  over  by  fmall  parcels,  to 
the  Saint  s,  in  li'ven  canoes  only  i  who 
being  joinfd  by  fome  feamen  and  inhabi- 
tants of  thofe  iflands,  tliat  were  intrenched 
in  fo  aiivantageous  a  poft,  that  the  (hip- 
wrt'ck'd  En\^nJ)),  tho'  much  fupcrior  in 
niimbt.T,  had  not  been  able  to  fubdue  them : 
that  gentleman  having,  as  has  been  faid, 
ioin'ti  thofc  men,  pafTing  that  tradt  ot  three 
L-agues  of  lea,  with  two  four  pounders  car- 
ried in  his  canoes,  and  afterwards  received 
a  fniall  detachment  from  Marigalanle;  with 
the  four  hundred  men  he  had  in  all,  attack'd 
the  Eitg'ijh  in  their  entrenchments,  feveral 
times,  and  at  lall  forc'd  them  to  furrender 
tl'.^mfelves  prifontrs  of  war,  to  the  number 
of  near  five  hundred  foldiers,  and  twelve 
o:ficcrs,  after  thirty -five  had  been  kill'd, 
and  eighty  wounded.  Tims  the  whole 
fijii.uiron  was  loll,  with  above  four  thoufand 
men,  an.l  the  lord  ll^illougbby's  defign  on 
.S/.  Cbnjlo/'her'i  fruftrated. 

We  have  the  following  account  of  an 
liUrrican  at  GuadaLupe;  that  iOand  being, 
ot  all  the  other  French  colonies  there,  the 
moll  fubjeft  to  them  ;  infomuch,  that  about 
the  year  1636,  it  lulVt-rM  by  three  in  the 
l'j>ace  of  fifteen  months. 

"  That  hurricin  I  am  to  defcribe,  began 
with  a  rumbling  and  crackingin  the  wockIs, 
as  if  carts  at  a  diftance  were  rolling  of 
"  Hones,  for  three  hours  together  -,  after 
"  which,  the  whirlwinds  blew  fo  fiercely, 
"  al)out  fix  in  the  evening,  as  is  not  pofTihle 
"  to  exprefs :  for  it  was  as  if  the  wliole 
"  ill.iiid  would  have  been  fwallow'd  up. 
"  Many  trees  in  the  wootis  were  torn  up  by 
*'  the  roots,or  broken  Iliort  oiF,andthe  houfes 
"  overthrown,  none  elciaping  but  fuch  as 
"  were  built  with  (lone  -,  which,  notwith- 
"  (landing  their  llrong  walls,  were  very 
"  much  Ihaken. 

"  After  thefe  fierce  whirlwinds,  which 
"  laficd  very  long,  the  fky  feem'd  to  open, 
"  chang'd  its  colour,  and  appear'd  inflamed 
•'  likered-hot  iron-,  a  continual  noife  of  thun- 
"  der  was  heard,  attended  with  fuch  frequent 
"  flafhesof  lightning,  that  all  people  were 
"  forc'd  to  keep  their  eyes  fliut,  and  to  he 


"  down  flat  with  their  faces  to  the  ground,  Barbot; 
♦♦  no  perlbn  whatever  being  able  to  endure  ^-^V^^ 
"  the  light. 

"  About  ten  at  night  the  wind  (hiftedon 
««  a  fudden,  and  taking  a  round  towards  the 
"  Bafeterre  of  Guadaloiipe,  forc'd  aOiore 
'«  all  the  (hips  that  were  in  that  road  •,  they 
♦'  not  having  had  time  to  make  away  to  fea, 
"  becaufe  the  wind  veer'd  fo  fudJenly,  and 
•'  were  all  (laved  to  pieces  on  the  rocks, 
"  and  moft  of  the  men  drown'd. 

"  At  four  in  the  morning,  the  great  hur- 
•'  rican  commenced,  which  in  five  or  fix 
"  hours  time  made  fuch  terrible  havock, 
'♦  that  to  exprefs  the  violence  of  it,  I  need 
"  only  fay,  it  threw  down  all  the  trees  that 
"  had  efcaped  before,  except  fome  large 
««  Acomai  and  Courbarils,  which  remain'd 
«« (landing  without  branches,  like  mads  of 
«»  (hips  i  and  moft  of  the  birds,  chickens, 
••  and  turkeys  were  kill'd  ;  as  were  the 
♦«  rabbits,  dogs  and  pigs ;  and  the  Mandioca 
•'  roots  thrown  up  in  all  the  plantations, 
'«  which  occafioned  a  great  dearth  in  the 
"  ifland. 

"  After  the  hurrican, there  remain'd  a  fort 
•♦  of  infeftion  in  the  air,  which  bred  fuch 
"  a  quantity  of  caterpillars,  that  all  the 
"  earth  was  cover'd  with  them  ;  ,ind  they 
"  were  fo  prodigious  large  and  long,  that 
"  the  like  has  not  been  everfeen  in  Europe: 
••  they  brouz'd  all  the  plantations  in  fo 
"  (hort  a  lime,  and  in  fo  deplorable  a  man- 
««  ner,  that  one  would  have  thought  they 
"  had  been  all  burnt." 

After  this  difmal  account  of  the  nature 
and  efiefts  of  hurricans,  it  is  cafy  to  con- 
ceive how  uncomfortable  it  is  to  live  in 
thole  parts,  where  men's  lives  and  eftates 
arc  in  continual  danger  •,  but  want,  or  cove- 
toulhefs  put  men  upc  1  expofing  themfelves 
to  the  utmoll  extremities.  For  notwithftand- 
ing  thefe  dilafters  and  hazards,  and  the  de- 
vadations  that  have  been  there  fucceflively, 
on  occafion  of  wars  between  the  Engli^j, 
French  and  Dutch,  fome  of  thofe  iflands,  as 
well  French  ^sEngl;/h,  are  very  well  peopled, 
and  wealthy,  as  I  (hall  (how  in  the  general 
defcription  I  defign  to  give  of  them,  after 
I  have  mentioned  what  failors  commonly  do 
in  America,  upon  the  approach  of  a  hurrican, 
or  of  a  north  or  a  fouth  tempefl;,  to  fave 
their  (hips  and  lives. 

The  Englijh  commonly  bring  to,  under 
a  main-fail  and  mizen,  and  if  the  wind  grows 
too  fierce,  they  bring  the  fliip  under  a  mizen 
only  :  and  if  they  cannot  maintain  that,  then 
they  ballad  their  mizen  ;  which  is  taking 
up  the  great  pare  of  the  fail,  and  leaving 
only  the  point  out,  to  keep  the  fliip's  head 
deady.  If,  after  all  this,  the  winds  and  feas 
are  too  high  for  them,  then  they  put  before 
it  i  but  not  before  they  have  try'd  their  ut- 

mod. 


:•,    '     I 


1!*.  ,. 


'»; 


'h 


^88 


An  Account  of  Hwrricans, 


IUrbot.  moft,  clpcci.illy  if  they  art  near  (hore. 
'  The  I-'rniih  Ani\  Spaniards,  on  the  contrary, 
in  the  If ',if-/mlifs,  lie  iiniier  a  lore-lail  anJ 
mizcn  i  but  this  mull  \-t  an  extraordinary 
firaiii  to  a  fliip,  elpccially  if  flie  is  long. 
However,  it  niuft  bt  owii'd,  there  is  this 
convenicncy  in  it,  when  tluy  arc  minded  to 
jiut  iiway  belorc  it,  it  is  but  hailing  up  the 
mizcn,  and  then  the  fore-fail  veers  the  ftiip 
prcli?ntly  ;  which  mull  be  the  reatbn  why  they 
ill)  It.  For  when  the  wind  comi's  on  lo  fierce, 
that  they  can  no  longer  keep  on  a  wind, 
they  put  right  alorc  it,  and  lo  continue  till 
the  Uormceafe^,  or  the  land  takes  them  up; 


that  is,  till  they  arc  run  alhore.  Tlio'.thc 
before- ivuued  other  Euio/etin  nations  don't 
ufc  thi^  method,  yet  they  find  means  to 
bring  about  their  fliips,  as  well  as  the  Spa- 
manh:  for  if  after  the  mizen  is  hallM  up, 
the  fliip  will  not  wear,  they  do  it  with  fome 
head-fail,  which  fometimes  puts  them  to 
their  fliifts  ;  and  among  others,  this  has 
prov'd  very  efTci^lua'  in  extremities,  i.e.  to 
fend  fome  men  a  little  way  up  the  fore- 
fhrouds,  alx)ut  hill-ma(l  high,  and  there  to 
fpread  abroad  the  flaps  of  their  coats, 
which  will  make  the  fliip  wear  in  three  or 
four  minutes. 


m^ 


77je  END  of  tbe  Second  Book,  ami Svi'  einT. 


A  N 


AN 

APPENDIX 

To  the  preceding 

MEMOIRS 

O  F 

North  and  South-Guinea, 

A  N  D    T  H  E 

LOWER    ETHIOPIA. 

CONTAINING, 

General  Obfervations,  and  an  Account  of  the  firft 
Difcoveries  oi America  by  the  Europeans;  with  a 
brief  Relation  of  Admiral  Chrifiopher  Columbus'' s 

Voyages. 

T!i(j  Defcriptiou  and  Hiftory  of  the  Caribbee  \^-3iaA%  oi America 'j 
Tab  ago,  Grafiada,  Granadilluy  Bekia,  St.  Fincent,  Barbadoes, 
Safita  Lucia,  Martinico,  Dominica,  Los  Santos,  MarigalantCy 
La  Dejfeai/a,  Guadalupe ,  Monferrate,  Santa  Maria  Redonduy 
Nieves,  /bitigua,  Barbuda,  St.  Chrijiopher,  St.  Eufiachius,  St. 
Bartholome-jo,  St.  Martin,  Anguila,  Saba,  Sa?ita  Cruz,  The 
Virgins,  Anegada,  to  St.  Juan  de  Puerto  Rico. 

Their  Produft,  Trade,  Wars,  &'c. 

An  Account  of  the  Rife  and  Progrefs  of  the  EngliJJj  Trade  to 
Africk,  before  the  Year  1697.  A  Fragment  of  a  Letter  of 
Sir  TJjomas  Roc,  Embaflador  from  King  James  I.  of  England, 
to  the  Great  Mogol,  concerning  Fortreffes  and  Garrifons  for 
fecurity  of  Trade  in  AJia-,  and  a  method  of  a  Table  of  Courf* 
in  long  Voyages,  by  the  lame. 


Vol,  V. 


7L 


I  ■! 


lii'r  Ml 


I  rl;':  H,' 


tA  \ 


'\ .  i 


^    <  ;> 


fflii 


I' t 


,ii 


'»■  ,tf 


t    '■!     .   ,i, 


•O',     .1;     i>, , 


•  i      .i:.s.'>f.' 


"f     -1 


ftp 


59' 


GENERAL  OBSERVATIONS, 

And  an  ACCOUNT  of  the 

Firft  Difcovery  of  A  M  E  R  I  C  A, 

^  By  CHRISTOPHER  COLUMBUS, 

From  the  Hiftory  of  the  ^ejl  Indies,  Written  in 
Spanijh  by  Antony  de  Herrera,  Hiftorio- 
grapher  to  the  King  of  Spain. 


CHAP.    I. 

Of  the  Motives  the  Ancients  had  to  believe  there  was  another  IVorld. 


TH  E  generality  of  mankind  was 
fo  far  from  imagining  there  could 
be  any  fuch  country  as  the  ff^ejl- 
hiiiia,  that  the  very  notion  of 
it  was  lookcil  upon  as  extravagant ;  it  be- 
ing univcrfaliy  believed,  that  there  was  no 
land  beyond  the  Canary  idands,  but  that 
all  ro  the  weft  ward  of  them  was  an  immenfe 
ocean  i  and  yet  fome  of  the  ancients  gave 
hints  that  there  were  fuch  lands.  Seneca 
in  the  clofeof  the  fccond  aft  of  his  tragedy 
of  Medeat  tells  us.  The  time  will  come 
when  the  ocean  fliall  become  navigable, 
a  vail  land  be  difcovered,  and  a  new 
world  be  found.  St.  Gregory  on  the  epiftle 
of  St.  Clement,  fays.  There  is  another 
world,  and  even  worlds  beyond  the 
ocean.  Others  inform  us,  that  a  Cartha- 
ginian merchant  (hip,  accidentally  in  the 
ocean,  difcovered  an  ifland  incredibly 
fruitful,  full  of  navigable  rivers,  many 
days  lail  remote  from  the  continent  ;  not 
inhabited  by  men,  but  wild  beails,  and 
therefore  would  have  fettled  there;  but 
that  having  given  the  fenatc  at  Carthage  an 
account  of  it,  none  was  permitted  to  fail 
thither,  and  th-  more  abfblutely  to  pre- 
vent it,  thofe  who  had  been  there  were 
put  to  death.  But  this  makes  not  for  our 
purpofe,  becaufe  there  is  no  authentick 
proof  of  this  voyage,  and  whoever  fpeaKS 
of  it  does  not  lay  it  down  cofmographi- 
caliy,  fo  as  the  admiral  Chrijlopber  Colum- 
bus, who  firft  difcovered  the  H^eft  Indies, 
might  gain  any  light  by  if,  nor  were  there 
any  wild  bcafts,  either  in  the  windward  or 
leeward  idands  by  him  difcovered  i  and 
therefore,  thofe  who  would  rob  him  of 
part  of  the  honour,  alledge  Plato   in  "Tt- 


mao,  who  fays.  There  was  no  failing  that  Hstmn* 
ocean,  becaufe  the  entrance  to  it  was  (hut  .yy\J 
up  at  Hercules\  pillars,  .r  the  (treights  of 
Gibraltar;  but  that  in  the  faid  ocean  there 
had  been  an  illand  bigger  than  all  Europe, 
yf/ia,  and  Africi,  and  from  it  a  pa(rage  to 
other  illands,  for  fuch  as  went  to  them ; 
and  from  thofe  iflands  they  might  go  to 
all  the  continent  oppofitc  to  them,  near 
the  true  ocean.  Thefe  men  explicating 
the  faid  words  after  their  manner,  with 
more  wit  than  truth,  will  have  it  that  the 
pafiiige  (hut  up  is  the  ftreight  of  Gibral- 
tar, and  the  gulph  the  great  ocean  -,  and 
that  the  great  ifland  by  which  they  pafTed 
to  the  others  was  called  ./^//fl«/H,  the  others 
being  the  leeward  and  windward  iflands  i 
the  continent,  Peru,  and  the  true  ocean, 
the  South  Sea,  fo  called  for  its  vaft  extent. 
But  it  is  certain  that  no  man  had  any  po- 
fitive  knowledge  of  it ;  and  what  there 
now  feems  to  have  been,  is  only  made  up 
of  gueffes  and  notions  fince  the  difcovery ; 
for  by  reafon  of  the  vaft  extent  of  the 
ocean,  the  ancients  concluded  there  was  no 
polTibility  of  failing  acrofs  it.  However, 
they  labour  to  confirm  their  opinion,  by 
alledging,  that  there  was  formerly  mucn 
known  of  the  Torrid  Zone,  which  they 
pretend  to  prove,  by  faying,  that  Hanno 
the  Carthaginian  coafted  about  Africk,  from 
the  ftreight  of  Gibraltar  to  the  Red  Sea ; 
and  Eudoxius  from  that  fea  to  the  ftreight; 
and  that  they  palFed  through  the  torrid 
zone,  cutting  the  equinoxial.  Befides 
that,  Ovid  and  Pliny  mention  the  illand 
frapobana,  now  called  Ztmatra,  which  is 
under  the  line. 


All 


i,\\L 


I'-!, 


■^■' 


ii: 


02 


Observations  and  Difcoveries  of 


IliK«n»  All  tliii  is  not  t6  tlu-  porpoff,  for  Sf 
^^''^^^^  w^fij's  words  ili  I  noi  .mlwer,  ihf  clilVovcry 
111-  propoftJ  bcin^',  to  the  iiorthwanl, 
VklurcMs  ours  is  to  the  welVwird ;  itnd  the 
co.illing  o( /tftiik  i!iH'crs  very  nnnh  from 
trtvcrfirtg  thr  v.ill  oa-an,  as  ihi;  .iJmir.il 
Columbia  di  I,  and  the  Sj/iitiarJt  that  after- 
'  .rds  tollow'd  liini.  it  any  notice  is  to 
be  taken  of  ancient  hints,  that  iloni:  is 
worth  oWcrvirtg,  whiih  *c  flmf  in  the 
twrnty  iightl\  chnjitrr  of  Job,  wlicrc  (iod 
I'ccnis  to  have  kept  this  new  wot  Id  concealed 
from  men,  till  in  his  inlcrutabift  jidgmehw 
it  was  dicrccd  to  bellow  it  on  the  Sfaiii- 
{tr<h,  Nt)r  Is  any  account  to  be  made  at' 
what  oiiurs  lay,  a!ledi>in^,  that  the  fcrip- 
tiire  by  0//'ii; means  I'nu,  beliiVJng  Itwns 
tailed  I'liii  it  the  time  ot  writing  the  1  lo- 
ly  Text,  .as  it  is  now  >  for  neither  is  the 
name  of  Peru  lb  ancient,  nor  fo  univcrfal 
to  all  that  country  1  it  being  a  general 
practice  among  diicovercrs  to  give  names 
to  ports  and  lands  as  occafion  olleredj  and 
iiceordifigly  the^  called  all  that  kingdom 
Ptni,  from  a  river  tiie  Spaniardi  tirlr  put 
into,  or  from  u  Cuique  in  thofe  parts,  as 
will  be  obfcrvcd  hereafter;  and  the  liliencft 
of  worlds  is  too  trivial  a   foundation  to 


btiili!  matters  M  tnonicnt  on.  The  mod 
lolid  hiltorians  affirm,  that  Opbir  u  in  tliff 
F.iijl  lntUei\  becaule  Srjlnmon'^  fleet  tnnll 
of  mcertlfy  have  run  iiuite  acrofs  ir,  p.d'- 
Kd  by  C'.iiiii,  arul  ilir<)ii,"h  th''  iinm'iifi: 
uiean  to  come  to  tiie  WV/'  />!.!:•  i,  wliicli 
CauH  not  be  i  nfttSing  Irina  more  certain, 
than  that  they  went  ilown  the  A'c,/  Sf  t,  ami 
the  anciints  were  not  acquainted  wit!)  thr; 
ai^Ot  mvi^iibn  h(Av  iftufei  withont  wiiicli 
they  couKi  not  launch  out  fo  far  into  liic 
main  ;  nor  could  thole  parn  be  fo  well 
krjown  by  l.»mJ.  B(  fides  ilMt  from  Oj/l>ir 
tiiey  carrieil  king  Solomnn  jieacork"!,  and 
ivofy,  which  were  never  ((ten  throtighout 
the  treH  Indies.  It  ii  therefore  bclicvcti, 
that  the  Ifland  Iruptbnn.i  was  the  place 
wiience  they  carried  all  thofe  valuahlccom- 
moditifS  to  J erKfalein,  and  they  called  all 
the  new  dilcovery,  the  new  world ;  be. 
caufe  containing  as  much  land  as  was  be- 
fore known,  tiiere  was  no  better  way  of 
exprelTing  its  vail  extent,  as  alio  becaule 
the  produft  of  it  differM  from  ours,  tho* 
the  elements  were  the  lame,  and  in  thu 
appellation  tiiey  followetl  iV^fcn,  and  St. 
Jtt-eme. 


All  five 

/.(JI.CS 

lubiublc. 


CHAP.     II. 

0/  the  Motives  that  iitduad  Adfniral  Columbus  to  believe  there  were  Countries 

unbioun. 


Tl\  F.  ftdmirAl  Cf.oi^o/kr  Coliimhui  had 
many  realons  to  perfuadc  him,  that 
there  were  new  laiuls  tt)  be  difcovered  ;  for 
bein;;  a  great  colniographer,  and  well  fTcill- 
cd  iii  navigation,  he  confidercd,  that,  tliC 
heavens  being  circular,  And  moving  round 
tV.c  earth,  which  in  conjunflion  with  the 
lea  in.ikes  a  globe  of  two  elements  j  what 
W.15  then  known  could  not  be  all  the  c.irth, 
but  a  great  part  nuift  be  ftill  ondifcovcred, 
according  to  the  meafurc  of  360  degrees  th6 
whole  circumference  contains,  which  being 
reduced  into  leagues,  allowing  Icventeen 
and  a  hair  to  a  degree,  make  fix  thoufand 
tliree  hundred  leagues;  and  that  muft  cer- 


tainly 


m 


habited,    for   God    had  not 


made  it  to  lie  wafte ;  and  tho*  very  many 
queltioncd,  whether  there  was  land,  and 
water  .ibout  hoili  the  poles,  yet  it  wis  rc- 
quifite,  that  the  earth  Ihould  bear  the  fame 
proportion  tx)wards  the  JiitartUk  pole,  a^ 
tliis  part  docs  to  the  Jrflick  ;  and  hence  he 
concluded  that  all  the  five  zories  Were  inha- 
bited, and  was  the  more  confirmed  in  it, 
nfter  he  had  f^iiled  into  75  degrees  of  north 
latitude. 

He  al(b  concluded,  that  as  the  Portu- 
pefa  failed  to  the  fouthward,  the  fame  miglit 
be  done  to  the  well  ward,  where  in  all  realon 
tlierc  mull  be  land  found ;  jnd  for  the  more 


falisriflion,  he  took  notice  of  all  the  tokens 
mariners  obfcrved,    which  made  for   his 
purpofp,  till  he  became  very  pofitive,  tint 
there  were  many  lands  to  the  wertward  ol  LmJi  t. 
the  iflands  of  Cnho  Verde,  and  the  Cnnariei,  tc  itmnJ 
and  that  it  <vas  pra(flicable  to  fail  over  rhe  ^*"' •* "^• 
ocean,  and  difcover  rhem,  becaufe  tlie  world 
being  round,  all  the  parts  of  it  mull  of  ne- 
cefllty  be  fo  to ;    that  the  cirth  is  fo  fixed 
it  can  ntver  fiiil,  and  that  the  fca  tho'  nnit 
in  by  it,   prderves  its  rounilnets,  without 
fidling  away,  with  regard  to  tht  center  ol 
gravitation. 

Laying  together  many  natural  r"afons, 
atid  J5crceiviftg-,  that  not  above  the  third 
part  of  the  grcateft  circle  of  the  fphciv  was 
difcovered,  Bcrnc  the  extent  e-aftward,  from 
the  iflands  df  tabo  Verde,  to  the  fartheft 
tb'T  knbwn  land  in  hdia,  he  conchidwl 
there  fnuft  be  much  room  for  firther  dif 
coVeries  to  the  weftward  till  they  came  to 
meet  with  thofe  lands  the  end  whereof  was 
not  yet  known  by  failing  taftward.  In  this 
opinion  he  was  tnuch  confirmed  by  Miirtin 
de  Bohemia,  a  Portugiiefe,  his  frientl,  born 
in  the  iflanti  of  Fa^jal,  and  an  able  cofmo- 
grapher. 

Many  mofcthings  Concurred  to  encourage 
Columbus  to  that  mighty  enterprizc,  among 
which  Was,  thwdifcourfing  with  thofe  who 

uled 


Chap.  2. 


America  iy  the  Europeans. 


593 


ufeil  to  fill  to  the  wrftward,  and  particular- 
ly the  illands  Azorts,  Martin  yicinli iW\ixff\ 
him,  that  being  unce  four  hundred  andfitty 
leagues  to  the  weltward  ot  cape  St.  yinctnl, 
he  took  up  a  piece  of  wood,  artificially 
wrought,  and  as  wait  fuppofed,  not  with 
iron  i  whence,  the  wind  having  been  ma- 
ny days  at  wed,  he  inferred  that  piece  of 
wood  mull  come  from  fome  ifland.  Peter 
Correa,  who  had  married  Columiui'i  wife's 
filler,  alTured  him,  that  in  the  ifland  of 
Puerto  Santo,  h^  had  feen  another  piece  of 
wood,  brought  by  the  fame  winds,  and 
wrought  after  that  manner  (  as  alio  canes 
of  fuch  a  thicknefs,  that  every  joint  would 
contain  above  a  gallon  of  liquor.  Colum- 
bus himlelf  laid,  he  had  heard  the  king  of 
Portugal  affirm  the  fame,  in  difcourfc  upon 
fuch  affairs,  and  that  he  had  thofe  canes, 
which  he  ordered  to  be  Ihewcd  him ;  and 
he  concluded  to  have  been  drove  by  the 
wind,  there  being  none  fuch  throughout 
all  Europe,  wherein  he  was  confirmed  by 
Ptolemy,  who  in  the  firft  book,  and  feven- 
teenth  chapter  of  his  cofmography,  fays, 
there  are  fuch  canes  in  India.  Some  inha- 
bitants of  the  iflands  Azores  farther  alTured 
him,  that  when  the  wind  blew  hard  at  well, 
and  north-weft,  the  fea  threw  up  pine- 
trees  on  the  coaft  of  the  illands  of  Gra- 
tio/a  and  Fayal,  whci'eas  thofe  iflands  pro- 
duce none  of  that  fort.  The  fea  alfo  caft 
up  two  dead  bodies  on  the  ifland  Flores, 
ivhofe  faces  fecmed  to  be  very  broad,  and 
their  features  different  from  tne  Chriflians, 
Another  time  they  faw  two  canoes,  with 
moveables  in  them,  which  might  be  drove 
away  by  the  force  of  the  wind,  in  paffing 
from  one  ifland  to  another,  an(^  thofe  boats 
never  finking,  they  at  length  came  to  the 
Azores.  Antony  Leme,  who  had  married  a 
wife  in  the  iflapd  of  Madera ,  declared, 
that  having  run  a  confiderablc  way  to  the 
weftward  in  his  caravel,  he  fancied  he  had 
feen  three  iflands  near  the  place  where  he 
was  i  and  many  inhabitants  of  GomerOj 
Hierro,  and  the  Axores  affirmed,  they  eve- 
ry year  faw  fome  iflands  to  the  weftward. 
Thefe,  Columbus  faid,  might  be  thofe  Pli- 
ny fpeaks  of  in  his  natural  hiftory,  where 
he  fays,  the  fea  to  the  northward  did  cut 
olF  from  the  land  fome  pieces  of  woods, 
whofe  roou  being  extraordinary  large, 
they  drove  on  the  water  like  floats,  and 
iooKcd  like  iflands  at  a  diftance. 

In  the  year  1484,  an  inhabiunt  of  the 
ifland  Madera  alked  leave  of  the  king  of 
Portugal  to  difcover  a  country  he  fwore 
he  faw  every  year,  and  always  in  the  fame 
manner,  agreeable  to  what  the  people  of 
the  Azores  uid ;  and  for  this  rcaion  in  the 
ancient  fea  charts,  fome  iflands  were  laid 
down  about  thofe  feas,  particularly  that 
they  called  Antilla^  which  was  placed  fome- 

Vou.  V. 


what  above  two  hundred  leagues  well  from  Hi«»i«» 
the  Canaries  and  Azores ;  and  that  the  Por-  V-'VN^ 
tuguejes  believed  to  be  the  ifland  of  the  fe- 
ven  cities,  the  fame  whereof,  and  defire  of 
finding  it  has  occafioned  many  to  commit 
great  Tollies  out  of  covctoufnels,  and  luend 
much  money  to  no  purpofe.  The  ftory 
goes,  that  tnis  ifland  of  the  fevcn  cities  was 
peopled  by  them,  at  the  time  when  Spain 
was  overrun  by  the  Moors,  in  the  reign  of 
king  Roderick,  when  flying  the  pcrfecution 
of  thofe  infidels,  feven  biihops  imbark'd 
with  a  great  number  of  people,  and  ar- 
rived in  that  ifland,  where  every  one  of 
them  built  a  town,  and  left  the  people 
fliould  "ntertain  any  thoughts  of  return- 
ing, they  fet  fire  to  their  Ihips.  That  in 
the  days  of  prince  Henry  of  Portugal,  a 
fhip  of  that  country  was  driven  by  a  ftorm 
upon  that  illand,  where  the  natives  carried 
the  failors  to  the  church,  to  fee  whether 
they  were  Chrillians,  and  obferved  the 
Roman  ceremonies,  and  finding  them  to 
befo,  defired  they  would  ftay  till  their 
lord  could  come,  but  that  the  Portuguefes 
fearing  left  they  (hould  burn  their  fhips  and 
detain  them,  returned  wcllpleafed  into 
Portugal,  hoping  to  be  confiderabty  re- 
warded by  the  prince,  who  rnroved  them 
for  coming  away  with  fo  impei"  ft  a  rela- 
tion, and  ordered  that  they  fliould  return , 
which  the  mafter  and  failors  durft  not  do ; 
but  departing  the  kingdom,  were  never 
more  heard  of. 

They  add  that  the  failors  belonging  to  this 
Portuguefe  fhip,  gathered  fome  fand  for 
their  cook  room,  and  a  great  part  of  it 
proved  to  be  gold ;  whereupon  fome  ad- 
venturers fet  out  from  Portugal  to  difcover 
this  country,  among  whom  one  was  James 
de  Ttene,  whofe  pilot  Jatnes  Velazquez,  in- 
habitant of  the  town  of  Palos,  aflured  Co- 
lumbus at  the  monaftery  of  St.  Mary  of 
Arabida,  that  they  loft  themfelves  at  the 
ifland  of  Fayal,  and  failed  150  leagues  to 
the  fouth  well,  and  at  their  return  difcovered 
the  ifland  Flores,  following  many  birds  they 
faw  flying  that  way,  which  they  knew  were 
not  water  fowl.  Next,  he  faid,  they  failed 
fo  far  to  the  north-weft,  that  Cape  Clare, 
in  Ireland,  bore  eaft  from  them,  where 
they  found  the  weft  winds  blew  hard,  and 
the  fea  was  very  fmooth,  which  they  be- 
lieved was  occafioned  by  the  nearnels  of 
fome  land,  covering  it  from  the  violence 
of  the  wind ;  and  uiat  they  durft  not  pro- 
fecute  that  voyage,  beoufe  it  was  in  Au- 
gujl,  and  they  feared  the  approach  of  win- 
ter :  This  happened  40  years  before  Colum- 
bus difcovered  the  ff^ejl- Indies. 

Another  failor  at  port  5/.  Mary  declared, 

that  in  a  voyage  to  Ireland,  he  faw  that 

country,  which  tney  imagined  to  be  Tartar j, 

inclining  to  the  weft-ward,  and  has  fince 

7  M  appeared 


:.>k 


■'  u; 


m 


Ohjermtiims  and  Dijcoi)eries  of 


n  ^ 


Her* i»A  appeared  to  be  that  they  callecl  Bacallaos, 
*^^V>^  being  part  of  Canada,  but  could  not  make 
k  by  reafon  of  the  ftormy  winds.     Pfl& 
de  Velafco  of  Galicia,  declared  that  in  a 
\oyage  to  Ireland,  he  ftood  fo  far  to  the 
northward,  that  he  faw  land  to  the  weft- 
ward  of  tliat  iflantl.     Vthcettt  Diaz,  a  Por- 
tugutfe  pilot  and  inhabitant  of  Tavira,  re- 
turning from  Guima,  faid  that  about  the 
height  of  the  ifland  Madera,  he  thought 
he  faw  an  ifland,   which  appeared  to  be 
real  i.ind,    and  dilcove;ed  the  fecret  to  a 
Genoefe  mercharit  his  friend,  whom  he  per- 
fuadetl  to  fit  out  a  Ihip  for  that  difcovery, 
and  that  with  the  king  of  Portiigal'i  learc, 
advice  was  lent  to  Francis  de  Cazana,  the 
merchant's  brother,  for  him.  lo  rig  a  ftiip 
at  Sev':.,  and  put  it  under  the  command 
of  Vincent  Diaz ;  but  that  he  rejefted  it, 
and  the  pilot  returning  to  the  ifland  Ter- 
cera,  with  the  alTirtance  of  Luke  de  Cazana 
fitted  out  a  fliip,  and  going  out  two  or 
three   times   above   an  hundred   leagues, 
found  nothing.     To  thefe  may  be  added 
the  attempts  made  by  Go/par,  and  Michael 
de  Corlereal,  fons  to  the  commander  that 
dl'.oyercd  the  ifland  Tenera,  who  were  loft 
in  fearch  after  that  land.     All  which  par- 
ticulars were  fufficient  to  encourage  Co- 
lumbus to  undertake  fuch  an  enterprize; 
for  when  Providence  has  decreed  a  thing 
(hould  be  done,  it  difpofes  the  means,  and 
provides  ihe  proper  inftruments. 

Having  faid  enough  concerning  the 
grounds  Columbus  had  to  believe  there  Were 
other  lands  to  difcover,  it  wi!!  not  be  im- 
proper to  add  a  work  concerning  the  y/«- 
tipodes,  which  the  ancients  would  not  allow 


of,  and  pofitively  maintained  it  was  im- 
pofTible  to  fail  acrofs  the  torrid  zone.  It 
u  to  be  obferved,  that  tho'  in  all  parts 
whatfoever  men's  heads  are  upright  to- 
wards heaven,  and  their  feet  towards  the 
center  of  the  earth,  yet  in  regard  to  the 
whole  circumference  of  the  world,  they 
ftand  like  the  fpokes  in  a  wheel,  pointing 
every  way,  and  all  in  their  natural  jiotture 
upright,  becaufe  the  heaven  is  every  where 
uppcrmoft,  and  the  earth  the  proper  ten- 
dency for  the  feet.  Now,  tho'  mere  be 
two  parcels  of  continent,  the  one  contain- 
ing Europe,  Afia,  and  Africk,  and  the  other 
America,  Or  the  Wefi-Indies,  yet  they  arc 
not  two  diftinft  lands,  but  one  and  the 
fame,  only  in  part  feparated  by  the  lea, 
and  in  fome  places  cut  into  iflands.  As 
for  the  Antipodes  the  people  of  Lima,  Cuzco, 
and  Arequipa  are  fo  to  thofe  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Indus,  in  Calicut,  and  Ceilon ; 
and  thofe  of  the  Molucca,  or  Spice  iflands 
to  them  pf  Guinea  in  Africk.  All  the  er- 
rors of  the  ancients  as  well  concerning 
the  Antipodes,  as  the  torrid  zone,  were  de- 
ftated  by  the  voyage  performed  by  the  ftiip 
call'd  the  FUlory,  which  firft  failed  quite 
round  the  world,  under  the  command  of  c-ap- 
tain  John  Sebajtian  del  Cano.  a  native  of  Gul- 
taria,  in  the  province  of  GKi/wzro^j,  touching 
at  both  Antipodes,  and  palTmg  the  tropicks 
and  equinoftial,  which  demonftrated  this 
matter  to  the  world,  and  immortalized  the 
names  of  captain  Ferdinand  de  Magalhaens, 
or  as  we  call  him  Magellan,  for  attcmptingv 
and  the  aforefaid  captain  John  Sebaftian  del 
Cano  for  pcrfetling  fo  incredible  a  work. 


^t;i 


C''..- 


CHAP.    III. 
Of  the  Torrid  Zone,  and  the  tf^fterH  Hemt/phere. 


TH  E  ancients  believed  the  torrid  zone 
not  habitable,  becaufe  of  the  direft 
vertical  reflcftion  of  the  fun ;  yet  expe- 
rience teaches  us  that  the  various  pofi- 
tion  of  places  alters  their  difoofition  to 
heat  or  cold,  drought  or  moifture,  more 
than  the  nearnefs  and  diftance  of  that  pla- 
net. Thus  we  fee  the  violence  of  winds 
gathers  ftrength  in  hollow  vales,  and  dif- 
Solves  in  open  plairs.  The  heat  of  the 
fun  gathers,  and  i  vends  itfelf  in  the  ca- 
vities, and  confined  parts  of  the  earth ; 
•and  dilates  icfelf  in  the  flats ;  and  fo  the 
heat  and  cold  of  the  air  and  earth  varies 
much  according  to  the  height,  or  lownefs 
of  the  fituation,  its  being  to  the  eaft  or 
weft,  and  cither  near  to,  or  far  from  the 
fea,  lakes,  rivers,  woods,  and  windy  or 
calm  mountains ;  fo  that  the  degrees  of 
heat,  or  cold,  dryncfs,  or  moifture  do  not 
dep-ndonthe  nearnefs,  diftance,  dircftnefs, 


or  obliquity  of  the  fun  beams  j  but  on  the 
pofition  of  the  place,  and  there  are  all  thofe 
varieties  within  the  totrid  zone,  contrary 
to  the  opinion  of  Ariftotlt  and  llrgil. 

A  great  part  of  the  ntw  difcovered  land, 
lies  under  the  torrid  zone,  which  is  extra- 
ordinary damp,  and  abounding  in  water?; 
for  it  rains  and  fnows  there,  cfpccially  when 
the  fun  is  moft  direct  over  it,  when  the 
rains  are  great,  and  begin  at  noon.  No 
part  of  the  world  has  greater  rivers  than 
South  America:  from  the  ifthmus  of  Pana- 
ma to  the  ftreights  of  Magellan,  where  are 
thofe  of  Santa-Maria,  or  the  Magdalen, 
Oronoque,  Orellana,  or  the  Amazons,  the 
river  of  Plate,  and  others.  In  North  Amt- 
merica  are  the  rivers  bf  Alvarado,  Grijalva, 
Guatemala,  Mexico,  &c.  Ethiopia  alio  has 
great  rivers,  and  lakes  j  and  fuch  there  are 
in  the  iflands  of  Ceylon,  and  Sumatra,  and 
there  is  much  more  fea  than  land  under  the 
I  torrid 


Cajit.  3.  America  ij  the  Europeans. 


595 


torrid  zone,  Thft  rains  increafe  as  the  fun 
draws  near  the  Cquinodlial,  and  decline  as 
he  goes  off  towards  the  tropicks,  and 
thus  there  are  very  temperate  countries 
under  the  torrid  zone,  and  fome  rather 
cold  than  hot ;  as  for  inftance  Pafto  Collao, 
and  Petofi,  where  there  are  mounuins  con- 
tinually covered  with  fnow.  The  length 
of  the  night  "s  the  caufe  hereof,  the  days 
and  nights  being  always  equal  near  the 
line,  and  the  more  we  remove  from  it,  fo 
much  the  more  the  fummer  days  lengthen, 
and  the  nights  (horten.  I'his  (hortnefs  of 
the  day  obftrufls  the  fun's  intending  his 
heat  fo  much  under  the  equino£lial,  fo 
that  we  find  the  fummer  is  hotter  in  the 
fouth  part  of  Spain,  and  Italy,  than  at 
^!li),  and  Collao  in  Peru. 

Another  reafon  why  ihere  are  hotter, 
artd  colder  parts  of  the  torrid  zone  is  be- 
caiife  of  the  very  iiigh  mountains  in  the 
fTtJl-lttdies  which  cool  the  air:  for  high 

I)laccs  are  more  fcbjedl  to  cold  than  the 
ow,  which  is  occafioned  by  the  clouds, 
and  the  lakes,  and  rivers  flowing  from  them, 
which  being  formed  by  melted  fnow,  and 
running  irtipetuoutly  refrefh  the  air  in  the 
plains;  befides  that  the  mountains  being 
excefllvc  high  they  (hade  one  another,  and 
this  added  to  the  length  of  the  nights 
renders  the  torrid  zone  temperate.  Over 
and  above  all  this,  the  cold  winds  never 
ceafe  blowing,  a  perpetual  levant  reign- 
ing, without  any  oppofition,  over  the 
ocean,  and  a  cold  fouth  wind  in  Peru,  and 
Braftl,  riling  after  noon,  as  the  breezes 
do  at  the  windward  iflands.  On  all  open 
feas  the  winds  are  more  regular  5  but  by 
land  they  vary  according  to  the  mountains, 
rivers,  lakes,  woods,  or  other  circum- 
ftances ;  but  in  the  torrid  zone  the  winds 
from  the  fea  are  generally  pleafant,  and 
healthy,  and  thofe  from  the  land  thick  and 
unwhoifome ;  and  even  this  varies  accord- 
ing to  the  difference  of  the  coafts,  yet 
generally  the  land  breezes  blow  from  mid- 
night, till  the  fun  begins  to  be  high,  and 
thofe  off  the  fea,  from  his  mounting  till 
after  he  fets. 

The  mod  experienced  failors  affirm,  that 
they  never  meet  with  calms  abroad  in  the 
wide  ocean,  but  can  always  advance  more 
or  lefs,  by  reafon  the  air  is  impelled  by 
the  motion  of  the  heaven,  enough  to  carry 
the  (hip  right  ahead ;  fo  that  during  the 
whole  voyage  from  the  city  of  Samia, 
in  Peru,  to  the  Philippine  iflands,  which 
they  reckon  above  2000  leagues,  all  along 
near  the  equinodUal,  or  not  at  above  12 
degrees  diltance,  a  Ihip  in  February  and 
March,  when  the  fun  is  vertical,  never 
met  with  any  calm,  but  had  always  atrelh 
gale,  and  confequently  performed  that 
voyage  in  two  months.    Near  the  coafts 


where  the  vapours  of  the  iflands,  and  Herrsha 
continent  reach,  there  are  often  many  dead  '"OTSiJ 
calms,  both  within  and  without  the  torrid 
zone  i  and  fo  hurricanes  and  fpouts  are 
more  frequent  near  the  land,  as  far  as  it's 
exhalations  reach,  than  in  the  brond  ocean ; 
but  this  within  the  torrid  zone,  for  with- 
out it  there  are  both  calms  and  hurricanes 
out  at  fea. 

As  to  the  difference  between  the  two 
hemifpheres,  the  firft  which  we  live  in 
fcems  to  bear  the  preference  beyond  the 
other,  becaufe  ours  is  fuller  of  ftars,  whicli 
are  thick  clofe  about  the  arftick  pole, 
whereas  there  arc  very  few  within  30  deg. 
of  the  antardtick,  within  which  diftance 
is  the  cock's  foot,  being  the  loweft  of  the 
four  that  compofe  the  crozier.  Our  con- 
tinent extends  more  to  call  and  weft,  and 
is  more  proper  to  be  inhabited  than  the 
other  which  ftretches  out  too  much  to- 
wards the  pole,  and  is  too  narrow  from 
eaft  to  weft,  for  that  which  lies  fo  from 
eaft  to  weft  is  more  temperate,  and  the 
other  near  the  pole  is  fubjedt  to  excefTive 
cold,  and  over  long  nights.  The  Mediter- 
ranean is  alfo  a  great  conveniency  lying 
between  Europe,  Afia,  and  Africk  for  the 
trade  and  correfpondence  between  thofe 
parts }  but  in  the  other  hemifphere  the  fea 
is  too  wide  and  confequently  more  dange- 
rous, and  troublefome.  In  the  other  he- 
mifphere there  were  no  dogs,  afles,  fliecp, 
goats,  fwine,  cats,  horfes,  mules,  camels, 
or  elephants  J  nor  orange,  lemmon,  pom- 
granate,  fig,  olive  or  quince-trees,  melons, 
vitica,  »vheat,  or  rice,  nor  had  they  iron, 
guns,  printing  or  learning;  and  navigation 
did  not  jxcend  out  of  fight  of  land;  their 
government  was  barbarous,  their  moun- 
tains and  woods  not  habitable,  nor  that 
part  which  was  inhabited  fo  populous  as 
ours.  In  fome  of  their  woods  the  natives 
lived  like  brutes,  as  the  Chichimecas,  of 
New  Spain,  who  had  no  head,  no  laws, 
no  fettled  place  of  abode,  but  lived  dif- 
perfed,  feeding  on  the  produft  of  the 
earth,  as  others  did  in  Florida,  and  Para- 
guay. When  the  Spaniards  entered  Peru, 
Cuzco  was  the  only  place  that  bore  the 
form  of  a  city,  and  it  is  certain  that 
thofe  who  live  in  cities  are  more  polite^ 
and  civilized  than  fuch  as  dwell  difperfed 
in  woods,  like  wild  bcafts. 

I  cannot  but  take  notice,  that  a  difcrcet 
Indian  being  afked,  what  was  the  beft  the 
Indians  received  from  the  Spaniards,  he 
anfwercd,  the  Spanijfj  hens  eggs  where- 
of there  is  great  plenty,  and  they  are  to 
be  had  new  laid  every  day,  they  are  good 
for  young  and  old,  either  raw  or  drelfed  \ 
for  the  hen  herfelf  muft  be  either  boil'd  or 
roafttd,  and  does  not  always  prove  tender ; 
whereas  the  egg  is  good  every  way.    He 

added 


i    > 


H' 


1>  » 


I, 


li 


I 


!,'        ' 


I    • 


i  1 1   if't  j 

■  s4  i 


t 


59<S 


Objervations  and  Dijcoveries  of 


'^hn. 


M. ' 


1% 


Herkera  added  horl'es  and  light:   becaufe  a  horfc 

V^'VNJ  carries  a  man  at  his  cafe,  and  his  burdens ; 

and  light*  becaule  the  Indians  never  knew 

how  to  make  wax,  or  tallow  candles,  or 


to  bum  oil,  and  this  ferved  to  live  part 
of  the  night,  and  this  he  thought  the  molt 
valuable  thing. 


c  H  A  P.   IV.  ;';;,,,•  "J 

Hcjv  America  was  firft  peopled,  and     hy  the  name  of  Wcft-Indics  -was 

given  to  it. 


opinion 
tiicir    ori 
ginal. 


iL: 


MUCH  enquiry  has  been,  to  know, 
whence  the  inhabitants  of  the  other 
hemifpherepaflcd  over  thither,  which  they 
muft  certainly  do  from  ours,  and  yet  the 
Indians  of  Peru  did  not  fail  thither  defign- 
edly,  for  the  ancients  were  no  aWe  navi- 
gators, nor  had  they  any  ufe  of  the  com- 
pafs,  without  which  there  is  no  failing 
over  the  main  ocean.  That  was  firft  dif 
covered  by  Flavius,  or  John  Gioia,  a  native 
of  the  coift  .(■  JrnaIJi,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Naples.  1'he  inhabitants  of  the  vale 
of  Xanza,  in  Peru,  fay,  they  have  it 
""^from  their  anceftors,  that  they  defcend 
from  a  man  and  a  woman,  who  came  out 
of  tlie  fpring  of  Guaiibalia.  Thofe  of  the 
\a\c  rlndabnyU,  tell  us  they  proceeded  from 
the  lake  of  Socdococa ;  thofe  of  Cuzco  from 
that  of  Tilicaca.  Others  fay,  that  after 
a  deluge,  mankind  was  relrored  by  fix 
perfons  that  came  out  of  a  cave.  But 
laying  afide  all  thefe  follies,  fince  all  the 
race  of  man  defccnds  from  jidam  and  Eve, 
it  is  plain  they  muft  come  from  us  ;  but 
we  are  fo  little  acquainted  with  the  ex- 
tremities of  the  earth,  that  nothing  can 
be  pofitively  aflerted. 

Some  fjy,  that  to  the  northward  Green- 
land is  the  fame  continent  with  Ejlotiland, 
or  the  moft  northern  regions  of  America ; 
?ndiffo,  it  is  likely,  that  tht  Afiaticks  and 
Norwegians  ftretching  out  their  habitations, 
by  degrees  fpread  themfelves  into  thofe 
new  countries  ;  which  feems  to  be  in  fome 
manner  verified  by  the  fame  cuftoms  which 
are  common  to  the  Japonefes,  northern 
yimcricans,  and  Norwegians ;  for  they  all 
live  in  forcfts,  and  caves,  and  hollow-trees, 
covering  tiiemfelves  with  the  fkins  of  fifhej 
and  wild  beaftsi  feeding  on  fifh,  and  fuch 
fruit  as  the  earth  naturally  produces,  and 
they  dirtcr  very  litile  in  complexion.  Nor 
is  there  any  thing  known  how  far  the  land 
runs  out  to  the  fouthward,  tho*  feveral 
imperfedt  difcoveries  have  been  made  that 
way,   and  confequently,    whether   people 


might  pafs  over  that  way,  no  great  fliips 
having  been  ever  feen  in  the  ff^eft-Indies 
before  Columbus.  The  Americans  arc  more 
like  the  eaftern  nations,  than  the  Europeans, 
and  therefore  it  is  moft  likely  that  none 
of  the  la^rer  came  among  them  before  the 
Spaniards.  To  imagine  that  yfw^nViJ  Ihould 
be  peopled  by  perfons  drove  thither  by 
ftrefs  of  weatner  is  Very  unlikely,  nor  is 
any  account  to  be  made  of  what  the  In- 
dians fay,  touching  their  antiquities;  for 
they  know  nothing  worth  regarding,  as 
having  lived  long  without  kings,  or  any 
regular  government ;  but  wandered  about 
like  the  people  of  Florida.  They  were 
all  certainly  wild,  and  under  no  dominion, 
only  chufing  commanders  to  lead  them 
to  war,  fome  of  whom  proving  more  po- 
Trick,  and  ftronger,  began  to  fubdue  the 
reft,  and  by  degrees  laid  the  foundation 
of  the  kingdoms  of  Peru,  and  Mexico^ 
which  tho'  ftill  barbarous,  yet  were  pre- 
ferable to  all  the  other  Indians ;  whence  it 
feems  to  be  moft  likely,  that  the  H^tft-In- 
dies  were  peopled  by  degrees  from  the  con- 
tinent, extending  themfelves  in  procefs  of 
time  farther  and  farther. 

The  motive  Columbus  had  for  giving 
the  name  of  Indies  to  thofe  new  found 
countries,  was,  that  he  might  thereby  the 
more  excite  'hofe  princes  he  hacj  to  do 
with,  and  render  his  projeft  of  more  weight, 
as  propofing  to  find  gold,  filver,  pearls, 
and  other  forts  of  drugs  than  our  hemi- 
fpere  affords,  and  therefore  he  concluded 
thefe  his  difcoveries  might  vie  with  the 
Eajl-Indies,  and  this  gave  reputation  to  his 
undertaking.  Befides  his  dcfign  being  to 
difcover  the  eaft  by  the  way  of  the  weft, 
and  the  Eaft-Iniies  lying  irj  the  remotelt 
part  of  the  eaft,  as  that  he  fought  in  the 
fartheft  weft,  it  might  as  well  be  called 
India  as  the  other  •,  and  then  Peru  being 
difcovered  after  New  Spain,  the  name  was 
made  plural,  ca'iing  them  Indies,  bccaufii 
divided  into  thofe  two  great  parts. 


CHAP. 


Chap.  5. 


America  by  the  Europeans. 


597 


CHAP. 


C  H  A  I>.    V. 

Columbus  propofes  his  Dejign  to  the  King  and  Queen  of  Spain,  ond  after  many 

Repulfes  ts  admitted  by  the  Gitiecn. 


THESE  Indies  arc  the  countries  com- 
prehended within  the  limits  afTigned 
to  the  crown  of  Cajlile,   and  Leo>i,  con- 
fiding of  one  hemifphere,  or  halt  of  the 
globe,  being  1 80  degrees,  commencing  at 
a  meridian  at  39,  or  40  degrees  from  that 
of  the  city  of  Toledo,  and  proceeding  weft- 
ward  1    fo  that  allowing  1 7  leagues  and  a 
half  to  a  degree,   this  allotment  contains 
3700  Spanijh  leagues  in  breadth  eaft  and 
,      weft.     To  come  to  Cbriftopher  Columbus, 
whohe*"  whom  the  Spaniards,   adapting  the  word 
,vas.         to  their  language,  call  Colon,  he  was  born 
in  the  city  of  Genoa,  in  which  particular, 
and  that  his  father's  name  was  Domiiiick, 
all  that  write  of  him  agree,  and  he  owns 
ic  himfelf.     As  to  his  original,  fome  bring 
it  from  Placentia,  others  from  Cucureo,  a 
town  on  the  fea  coait,    near  that  city,  and 
others  from  the  lords  of  the  caftle  of  C«- 
caro,  in  that  part  of  Ital-j,  formerly  called 
Liguria,  now  the  dukedom  of  Montferrat, 
fo  near  the  city  of  Alexandria  de  la  Pagla 
that  they  hear  the  bells  of  it.     It  appears 
that  the  emperor  Otbo  the  2d,  in  the  year 
940,  confirmed  to  the  brother  earls  Peter, 
John,  and  Alexander  Columbus,  the  eftates 
fcodal  and  real,   they  poffeffed  in  the  li- 
berties of  the  cities  of  Aqui,  Savona,  Ajli, 
Montferrat,   Turin,   Vercelli,  Parma,  Cre- 
mona, and  Bergamo,  with  all  the  reft  they 
held  in  //a/y.     By  other  records  it  appears 
that  the  Columbi  of  Cucaro,  Cucureo,  and 
Placentia,  were  the  fame,  and  that  the  afore- 
faid  emperor,  in  the  fame  year  940  granted 
unto    the   faid  brothers  Peter,   John,  and 
Alexander  Columbus  the  ciiftles  of  Cucaro, 
Cowzano,  Rofignano,   and  others,  and  the 
4th  part   of  Bijlagno,  which  belonged  to 
the  empire,  and  this  demonftrates  the  an- 
tiquity of  the  family. 
Goes  into      ^^  came  into  Spain,   and  p.:rticularly 
Piriuinl.  to  Portugal,  very  young,  as  other  nrn  do, 
to  fetk   his    fortune,     where   lie   married 
Donna  Pbilifpa  Moniz  de  Perfjlrdo,    by 
whom  he  had  D.  J.vnes  Cclumbm,  antl  af- 
terwards by  Dcnna  Beatrix  Hcnriquez,   of 
the  city  of  Cordova,  Don  I'crdinaml,  a  gen- 
tleman excellently  qualified,    and  learned. 
Being  tiioroughly  convinced   of  wh.\t   lie 
had  been  fo  long  revolving  in  his  mind, 
that  there  were  new  l.iniis  to  difcover,  he 
ri'folved  to       blilh  iti  but  knowing  tiiat 
liah  an  undertaking  was  only  fit  tor  Ibme 
Ibvcreign  prince,  or  ftatc,  he  propofcd  it 
to  that  of  Genoa,  wiiere  it  w.is  looked  upon 
;is  a  thinura  v  and  then  to  king  John  the 
ad  ot  Portugal,  wiio  tho'  he  gave  him  a 

VOL.V. 


favourable  hearing,  being  then  taken  up  jfj^nj,^ 
with  the  difcovery  of  tlie  coaft  of  Afric.'.,  •■.y^.'Sj 
along  the  ocean,  did  not  tiiink  tit  to  engage 
info  manycnierprizesat  oiicei  buciiowcver 
referred  the  matter  to  the  confRii.r.ition  of 
dodlor  Calzadilla  known  by  the  name  of 
Don  James  Ortez,  bilhop  of  Ceuta,  who 
was  a  Spaniard,  born  at  CalzadiHa,  in  the 
mafterlliip  of  Santiago,  and  to  maltcr  Ro- 
derick, and  mafter  Jojepb,  Jewijh  pliy  ficians, 
whom  he  encrufted  in  matters  relating  to 
difcoveries,  and  cofmography ;  and  tho* 
they  declared  they  tiiought  it  a  wild  no- 
tion, yet  having  heard  Columbus,  the  rca- 
fons  he  alledged,  and  the  tourie  he  intend- 
ed to  fteer,  they  advifcJ  the  king  to  ilnd  Under- 
a  caravel,    giving  out  it  was  bound    for  {""-^  ^-^•'l- 

Cabo  l^erde,  to  dilcovcr  the  truth  of  that  "c"  °!- 

,  /■   1   •  1  'hjt  king. 

imagination,  accoruing  to  the  courle  laid 

down.  This  veflel  having  run  many  leagues 
at  fea,  and  been  beaten  in  llorms,  it  return- 
ed without  finding  any  thing,  and  ri  iicu- 
ling  Columbus's  notion,  who  was  not  igno- 
rant of  this  pracUce. 

This  very  much  olVcnded  Columbus,  and  CcLm'jHs 
gave  him  fuch  an  I'vcrfion  for  Portugal,  in  Spjiv, 
that  his  wife  being  dead,    he  refolved  to  his  bro- 
go  away  infos'/law,  and  left  he  (houLI  be  '''^V". 
lerved  there  as  he  had  been  in  Portugal,     ■^  '* 
fent  his  brother  Bartholomew  Columbus,  at 
the  fame  time  into  England,  where  Henry 
the  7th   then   reigned.     He   fpent   much 
time  on   the   way,    being   taken  by   pi- 
rates, and  ftaytd  there  to  learn  the  methods 
of  tiiat  court,    and  how  to  folicite.     D. 
Chriftopher  Columbus  refolving  to  propofe  his 
defign  to  VAn^Ferdinand,  and  queen  Ijabel, 
c:  Elizabeth  of  Spain,    departed   Portugal 

trivately,  in  the  year  1484,  for  Andaluzia, 
nowinj  that  the  king  of  Portugal,  being 
fenfible  that  what  he  had  faid  was  well 
grounded,  and  that  thofe  wh;  went  in  the 
caravel  had  not  done  thcii  duty  was  enclined 
to  confult  about  that  cncerprizc:  He  land- 
ed at  Palos  de  Moguer,  whence  he  went 
away  to  the  court,  which  was  then  at  Cf- 
dova,  leaving  his  fon  in  the  nionaftcry  of 
Rabid'i,  halt  a  league  from  Palos,  under 
the  care  of  F.  John  Perez  de  Marchena, 
the  guardian  of  that  houfe,  who  was  a 
piece  of  a  cofmographer,  and  learned  in 
humanity. 

He  propofed  the  bufinefs  at  Cordova, 
and  found  molt  encouragement  from  Alonjo  ^J'"^'  '' 
de  ^intanilla,    comptroller  of  Cajltle,   a  '^'lu'tn- 
dii'creet  man,    inclined  to  great  undertak-  tertiin» 
ings  and  who  finding  him  ,1  man  of  worth  '"'"• 
gave  him  his  table,  without  which  he  could 
5  N  not 


.'    .}. 


\->  !    ■Kflll 


1  '■-'  u:^         ^'^ 


.j*;;^' 


i 


598 


Ohfefvatiorts  and  Discoveries  of 


.•I. , ) 


'1^; 


Extrjvi- 
g«nt  opi- 
nions 
sgainft 


HERtRBAnot  have  fubfifted  fo  long  as  he  was  fol- 
Vi'^V*^  liciting.  It  was  prcfltd  io  fur,  th;M  their 
citholick  majefties  giving  ear  to  tiie  pro- 
pofal,  referred  it  to  F.  Ferdinand  de  Tala- 
vera,  prior  of  Prado,  of  the  order  of  St. 
Jerome,  and  confuflTor  to  the  queen,  who 
was  afterwards  tiie  firft  archbiftiop  ot  Gra- 
nada. He  called  an  afTembly  of  cofmo- 
graphers,  but  there  being  few  of  that  pro- 
fcfiion  then  in  Spain,  and  thofe  none  of 
the  abieft  in  tiie  world,  and  bcfides  Co- 
lumbus forbearing  fully  to  explain  himfelf, 
for  fear  of  being  ferved  as  he  had  been  in 
Portugal,  the  relulc  was  not  anfwerable  to 
his  expeftation ;  for  fome  faid,  that  fince 
in  fo  many  ages  as  were  elapfed  from  the 
creation  of  the  world,  all  men  who  had 
been  perfeftly  fltilled  in  fea  affairs,  never 
knew  any  tiling  of  thofe  lands  Columbus 
perfuaded  them  they  fliould  find ;  it  was 
not  to  be  imagined  that  he  fhould  be  wifer 
than  all  of  them.  Others  coming  clofer 
to  cofmography,  alledged  the  world  was 
fo  large,  that  three  years  would  be  too 
(hort  a  time  to  reach  the  farthcft  eaftern 
parts,  whither  Columbus  fiid  he  intended 
to  fail ;  and  to  confirm  their  opinion,  they 
quoted  Seneca,  who  tells  us,  that  wife 
Ciumbus.  'n^"  ^^^  "°^  agree  whether  the  ocean  was 
not  infinite,  and  queftioncd  whether  it  was 
pofTible  to  fail  over  it ;  and  fuppofing  it 
to  be  navigable,  whether  there  was  any 
land  inhabited  beyond  it,  and  there  was 
any  pofTibilicy  of  going  to  it.  They  far- 
ther urged,  that  no  part  of  this  globe  of 
earth  and  water  was  inhabited,  but  one 
fmall  parcel  left  in  this  our  hcmifphere  a- 
bove  the  water,  and  that  all  the  reft  was 
fea ;  however,  if  it  could  be  found  prac- 
ticable to  go  on  to  the  fartheft  parts  eaft- 
ward,  it  would  alio  be  granted  tlie  fame 
might  be  done  from  Spain  weftward. 

Others  pretended,  that  fhould  Columbus 
fail  diredly  wellward,  it  would  be  impof- 
fibic  for  him  ever  to  return  into  Spain,  by 
rcafon  of  the  roundncfs  of  the  globe ;  for 
tliat  whofoevcr  fhould  go  beyond  the  hc- 
mifphere known  to  Ptolom-j,  muft  defcend 
lb  much,  that  it  would  be  imprafticable 
to  return,  bccaufc  it  would  be  like  climbing 
a  ilccp  mountain ;  and  tiiough  Columbus 
anfwered  all  thcfe  objcftions,  they  could 
not  comprehend  him.  Thus  the  alTembly 
declared  the  project  was  vain  and  imprac- 
ticable, and  that  it  did  not  become  the 
niajcily  of  iuch  mighty  princes  to  be  pre- 
vailed upon  by  fo  trivial  an  information. 

Aktr  mucli  time  fpcnt,  their  cathoiick 
majertics  ordered  Columbus  fliould  be  told, 
that  being  engaged  in  feveral  wars,  and 
particularly  the  conqueft  of  Granada,  they 
could  not  then  venture  upon  other  ex- 
|)encesi  but  when  that  was  over  they 
would   again   examine   the   matter,    and 

2 


fo  they  difmintd  him.  Thofe  wlio  look 
upon  it  as  a  fable,  that  Columbus  had  this 
fecret  from  a  Portuguefe  pilot,  who  difco- 
vcred  thofe  parts,  being  drove  upon  them 
by  a  ftorm,  urge  in  vindication  of  their 
opinion,  that  had  Columbus  known  it  f'» 
certainly,  he  would  never  have  jnir  it  to 
be  argued,  or  have  hazarded  being  thus 
excluded  by  their  cathoiick  majefties  •,  buc 
would  have  found  fome  way  to  declare  ic 
to  them  affirmatively. 

Having  received  this  anfwer,  Columbut  Cj!u„i„, 
went  away  very  dilconfolate  to  Sevil,  after  'f'^soihcr 
fpending  five  years  at  court,  to  no  purpofc.  £'"'n>cii. 
He  had  his  projeft  propofed  to  the  duke  of 
Medina  Sidenia,  and  fome  fay  to  him  of 
Medina  Celt,  and  they  alfo  rejedting  him, 
he  writ  to  the  king  of  France,  intending 
to  go  over  into  England  to  feek  his  bro- 
ther, from  whom  he  had  heard  nothing  a 
long  time,  in  cafc  the  French  did  not  en- 
tertain him.  Having  fet  this  refolution, 
he  went  away  to  the  monaftry  of  Rabida, 
for  his  fon  James,  intending  to  leave  him 
at  Cordova,  and  having  difcovered  his  dc- 
fign  to  F.  John  Perez  de  Marchena,  God 
who  had  referved  this  difcovery  for  the 
crown  of  C'.l'le  and  Leon,  fo  ordered, 
that  F.  John  Perez,  perceiving  Columbus, 
who  had  lived  fo  long  inSpain,  as  to  think 
hirnftlf  in  a  manner  naturalized,  went  un- 
willingly to  treat  with  other  prince,,  pre- 
vailed with  him  to  put  off  his  journey  -, 
and  for  the  better  underftanding  of  what 
he  propofed,  afTociated  to  him  one  Garei 
Hernandez,  a  phyfician ;  and  they  three 
conferring  together.  Card  Hernandez  as 
a  philofophcr,  was  very  well  pleafed. 
Hereupon  F.  John  Perez,  who  was  known 
to  the  queen,  as  having  fbmetinies  heard 
her  confeffion,  writ  to  the  queen,  who  or- 
dered him  to  repair  to  the  court,  which 
was  then  at  the  new  city  of  Santa  Fe,  or 
St.  Faith,  before  Granada,  and  to  leave 
Columbus  at  Pahs,  with  hopes  of  fuccefs. 
When  F.  John  Perez  had  difcourfed  the 
queen,  fiie  ordered  20000  maravcdies, 
[Kbich,  according  to  the  p'efeiit  way  of  reck- 
oning, is  liiti.  ibove  ten  pounds,  yet  in  tl}cfe 
days  ■was  a  gift  for  a  queen]  to  be  fent  Co- 
lumbus, by  James  Prictc  ot  Palos,  for  him 
to  return  to  the  court,  and  upon  his  com- 
ing, the  negotiation  was  again  ftt  on  foot. 
However,  the  prior  of  Prado,  and  others 
who  joined  with  him,  being  ngiinlt  the 
undertaking,  and  Columbus  demanding 
great  conditions,  among  which  was,  that 
he  (hould  have  the  titles  of  admiral  and 
viceroy,;  :iiid  ihcy  thinking  he  rc.nuired 
too  mucii  in  cale  of  fucrel:;,  and  tiiat  in 
cafe  of  failure,  the  granting  of  it  was  dif- 
honourable  ;  the  treaty  v.ms  .igain  entirely 
broke  off,  and  Columbus  1  'iblvcil  to  go  a- 
way  to  Cordova,  in  order  to  proceed  to 

France, 


1)4 


•I..1 .) 


who  look 
;  liad  this 
vho  difco- 
ipon  them 
1  of  their 
3\yi\  :c  f<» 
put  it  to 
)eing  thus 
:ltics  •,  buc 
I  declare  ic 

,  Cohmbut  Cj/unht 
)evil,  after '""oii>« 
,0  purpofc.  £'"'■"'»• 
the  duke  of 
to  him  of 
;6ting  him, 
intending 
k  his  bro- 
1  nothing  a 
lid  not  en- 
refolution, 
of  Rabija, 
0  leave  him 
ered  his  dc- 
:hena,  God 
:ry  for   the 
fo  ordered, 
ig  Columbus, 
as  to  think 
d,  went  un- 
princes,  pre- 
l^is  journey  ■, 
ing  of  what 
tn  one  Garci 
they   three 
'ernamlt'z  as 
(ell  pleafed. 
was  known 
times  heard 
.•en,  whoor- 
ourt,  which 
Santa  Ff,  or 
;nd  to  leave 
of  fuccefs. 
fcourfed  the 
maravedies , 
way  of  reck- 
yet  in  tlxfe 
be  fent  Co- 
alos,  for  him 
pen  his  com- 
ftt  on  foot, 
and  others 
;igiinft  the 
ilcmanding 
icli  was,  that 
admiral  and 
ivj  rtnuircd 
■.w.d  that  in 
of  it  was  dif- 
igain  entirely 
vcd  to  go  a- 
procced  to 
IVance, 


Chap.  6, 


America  By  tJje  Europeans; 


599 


France,  being  poncive  not  to  go  to  Portu- 
gal on  any  account. 

^onfo  de  ^tintanilla,  and  Lew'n  de  Sant- 
angel  clerk  of  the  grecncloth  for  the  crown 
of  Aragon,  were  much  concerned  that  this 
cnterprife  Hiould  be  laid  afide,  and  car- 
dinal  Don  Pedro  Gonzalez  de  Mendoza  at 
the  requeft  of  F.  John  Perez,  and  Alonfo 
de  i^intanilla  had  heard   what  Columbus 
propol'ed,  and   valued  him  as  a  man  of 
worth.     However,    the  adverfe  party  ob- 
)e£ted ,   that  he  venturing  nothing  of  his 
own  in  that  difcovery,  and  requiring  to 
be  made  admiral  of  a  fleet  under  their  ca- 
tholick  majcdies,  it  would  not  much  con- 
cern him,  though  the  cnterprife  failed.  To 
which  he  anfwered.  That  he  would  be  an 
eighth  part  in  the  charge,  provided  it  might 
be  refunded,  with  the  proportionable  fliare 
of  tlie  profits  at  his  return,  and  yet  no- 
thing was  concluded.    In  January  1492, 
he  departed  the  city  of  Santa  Fe,  for  Cor- 
dova, in  great  perplexity,  their  catholick 
majefties  being  then  poffefled  of  the  city 
of  Granada.     That  fame  day  Lewis  Je 
Santangel  told  the  queen,  he  much  admired 
that  her  majcfty,  who  had  always  a  great 
genius    for    extraordinary    undertakings, 
ihould  fail  wl  sn  fo  little  was  hazarded,  and 
fo  much  might  be   gained;    for   fliould 
that  cnterprife   be  embraced  by  another 
prince,    as  Columbus  affirmed  it  would,  if 
Sfttin  rejedled  it,  Ihe  might  eafily  refledl 
how  great  a  detriment  it  would  be  to  her 
crown  i  and  fince  Columbus  appeared  to  be 
a  man  of  worth,  and  defired  no  reward 
but  for  what  he  fhould  find;  venturing 
part  of  the  charge  and  his  own  pcrfon,  the 
thing  ought  not  to  be  thought  impradti- 
cable,    as  the  cofmographers  pretended. 


nor  the  attempting  of  it  to  be  looked  upon  Hikre»* 
as  indifcretion,  though  it  did  not  iucceeil  •,  VOT^i* 
fince  it  was  the  part  of  ereat  princes  to 
difcovcr  the  wonders  and  fecrets  of  the 
world,  which  had  gained  other  monarchs 
eternal  renown ;  befides  that,  Columbus  de- 
manded but  a  million  of  maravedies  [which 
is  little  above  Jive  hundred  and  twfnly  founds 
of  our  money,  according  to  the  pr/ciit  com- 
futation]  to  fit  himielf  out,  and  therefore 
he  dcfircd  that  fo  fmall  an  cxpcnce  miglit 
not  obftruft  fo  great  an  enterprilc 

The  queen  being  alfo  importuned  by 
Alonfo  de  Sluintanilla,  who  had  much  cre- 
dit with  her,  thanked  tliem  for  their  ad^ 
vice,  and  faid,  flie  would  embrace  it,  pro- 
vided they  would  flay  till  (he  had  a  little 
recovered  the  great  expence  of  the  war ; 
but  in  cafe  they  thought  lit,  the  bufincfs 
fhould   be  profecuted   out  of  hand ,   flie 
would  confent  to  have  the  money  raifed 
upon  fome  of  her  jewels.    Sluintanilla  and 
Santangel  kilTed  her  hand,  becaufe  fhe  was 
pleafed  at  their  requeft  to  undertake  that 
which  (he  had  before  refufed,   upon  the 
advice  of  many  others ;  and  Lewis  de  Sant- 
angel oflered  to  lend  the  fum  required  of 
his  own  money.     This  being  refolved,  the 
queen  ordered  an  algitazil,  or  melTenger  to 
go  poft  after  Columbus,  and  bring  him  back  ; 
who  overtook  him  two  leagues  from  Gra- 
nada, at  the  bridge  of  Pinos,  and  though 
much  concerned  to    have  been  fo  much 
flighted,  he  returned  to  the  city  of  Santa 
Fe,  where  he  was  well  received,  and  the 
fecrctary  John  Coloma  was  ordered  to  pre- 
pare the  tontraft   and  inftrudtions ;  after 
he  had  fpent  eight  years  in  folliciting  to 
have  his  projedt  undertaken,    with  much 
vexation  and  uneafinefs. 


CHAP.    VI. 

^he  Contrast  between  the  ^teen  and  Columbus,  he  Jits  out  three  Veffcls,  fails  td 
the  Canaries,  and  thence  on  his  Difcovery. 


Columbus  and  the  fecretary  Coloma  hav- 
ing conferred  together  about  the  con- 
CiiiJiti-  ditions  he  had  demanded  from  the  begin- 
011s  grant-  ning,  they  at  length  agreed  on  thefollow- 
d  10  Co-  jp,„  articles,  which  were  figned  the  i;'"*  of 

ylprtl  1492. 
1.  AJmi-      Imprimis,  tiu'ir  highnefl"es,  as  fovereigns 
ul  ui  the  of  the  ocean,  do  from  this  time  conltitute 
'"'"•        Don   Chrijlopher    Columbus    their    admiral 
throughout  all  tliple  iflands,  or  continents, 
that,  by  his  means  fliall  be  difcovcrcd  and 
conquered  in  the  faid  ocean,  for  the  term  of 
his  life,  and  after  his  death  to  his  heirs  and 
fuccciVors  for  ever,  with  all  the  immunities 
and  prerogatives  belonging  to  the  fa'd  office, 
in  the  fame  manner  as  they  have  been  en- 
joyed by  their  admiral  Don  Alonfo  Enriquez, 
and  his  prcdecelTors,  within  their  libaties. 


2.  Their  highhefles  do  conftitute,  and  ^.Viceroy 
appoint  the  faid  Columbus  their  vice-roy,  ■^"J  !;"• 
and  governor-general  of  all  the  iflands,  or  ^'"'^°'  S«* 
continents,    which,  as  has  been   f.tid,    he  "'" ' 
Ihall  difcover,  or  conquer,  in  the  faid  fea3  j 
andthat  he  (hall  nomin.ate  three  perlbns  for 
the  government  of  each  of  thtm,  whereof 
their  highnefles  (hall  chufe  one. 

c}.  That  their  highnefles  grant  to  the  faid 
Columbus  the  tithe  of  all  >ommodities  what- 
Ibcver,  whether  pearls,  precious  ftoncs, 
gold,  filvcr,  fpice,  or  any  other,  bought, 
bartered,  found,  taken,  or  otherwife  had 
within  tlie  limits  of  the  faid  admiralty, 
the  charges  being  firft  deduced;  fo  that 
he  take  to  himfelf  the  fiid  titlie  of  the  net 
product,  to  enjoy,  and  dilpol'e  of  y.  his 
plcafurc. 

4.  That 


3  .To  have 
the  tiihc 
of    all 
coods. 


Mi.' 


Ik 


mm 


Ill 


l< 


i,l 


i! '  i 


WW 


600 


Objervatms  and  Dijcoveries  of 


.s/ 


iniliniip: 


goes  to 
P/iks  to 
fit. 


ilEntinA      4.  That  in  cafe  any  controverfies  flull 
'"O'^'  arilc  on  account  of  the  commodities  he  Ihali 

tiJz"  "^^  '^'^'"B  '^•■o'^  t''^  '*''*  '''*'^»»  or  countries, 
fo  conquered,  or  difcovercd  as  aforefiiid,  or 
on  account  of  thofe  here  taken  of  oiIkp 
merchants  in  exchange  for  thofc,  in  the 
place  where  ilie  faid  trade  (hall  be  fettled  \ 
if  it  fhiill  of  right  belong  to  the  admiral  to 
try  fiich  t.iiifcs,  he  fliall  be  allowed  to  do 
it  himfcH.  or  by  his  deputy,  as  was  allowed 
to  the  admiral  Don  Alonfo  Entiqiiez,  and 
his  prcdeccfibrs,  within  their  diltncls. 

5  To  It  ;;.  That  it  Ihall  be  lawful  for  the  faid 
Columbus.,  whcnfoever  any  fliips  are  fitted 
out  lor  that  trade,  to  contribute  the  eighth 
part  of  the  ciiarge,  and  accordingly  to  re- 
ceive the  eighth  part  of  all  the  produce. 

Thefe  articles  were  figned  in  the  city  of 
Santa  be,  in  the  plain  of  Granada,  with 
which,  and  the  atbrefaid  fum  of  money  he 
departed  that  place  on  the  1 2'''  of  ALiy  ; 
and  leaving  his  fons  at  fcliool  in  Cordova, 
went  away  himfelf  to  the  port  of  Palos,  in 
order  to  expedite  his  voyage  ;  very  few  at 
court  believing  he  would  perform  what  he 
had  promifed.  Their  catholick  majeftics 
ftriftly  enjoined  him,  not  to  touch  at  Gui- 
nea, nor  to  come  within  an  hundred  leagues 
of  the  Portuguefe  conquefts.  They  gave  him 
letters  patents  to  all  kings  and  princes  in 
the  world,  that  they  might  honour  and  en- 
tertain him  as  their  commander.  He  went 
to  Palos,  becaufe  there  were  very  able  fea- 
men,  and  he  had  many  friends  among  them, 
as  alfo  for  the  fake  of  F.  John  Perez  de 
Marcbena,  who  aflifted  him  very  much  in 
this  affair,  difpofing  the  minds  of  the  fea- 
nun,  who  were  unwilling  to  venture  upon 
an  unknown  voyage.  He  had  alio  orders 
to  tliat  town,  to  furnifh  him  with  two  ca- 
ravels, which  it  was  obliged  to  ferve  the 
crown  with  three  months  every  year.  He 
fitted  out  another  fliip  to  be  admiral,  and 
called  her  St.  Mar']  ;  the  fecond  was  named 
Pintii,  commanded  by  captain  Martin  A- 
lonfo  Pinzon,  and  his  brother  Francis  Mar- 
tinez Pinzon  malter  j  and  the  third  la  Pin- 
na, which  had  latin,  or  triangular  fails, 
ofwhicii^'/«««/  Tanez  Pinzon  was  captain, 
and  malUr,  who  much  forwarded  the  c- 
quipmcnt,  and  laid  down  half  a  million  of 
maravedies  {about  two  hundred  Jixty  pounds) 
tor  the  eighth  part  of  the  charge,  making 
ule  of  the  family  of  the  Pinzones,  who  were 
men  of  the  firft  rank  in  that  town,  wealthy, 
and  able  failors,  and  all  the  common  fea- 
men  feeing  them  inclinable  to  the  voyage 
were  willing  to  undertake  it. 

A  year's  provifion  being  put  into  the 
fhips,  with  ninety  men,  mod  of  them  in- 

diicovtry  hajjjtjnts  of  Palos,  for  there  were   fome 

"'  ''""  friends  oi Columbus,  and  ot  the  king's  fer- 

vants,  they  fee  fail  on  the  3''  of  Auguji,  this 

fame  year  i49i,  halt  an  hour  before  fun 

4 


rifing,  and  got  over  the  bar  of  Saltes,  fa 
the  river  of  Palos  is  called,  directing  their 
cotirfc  tor  the  Can.uy  illands,  all  the  men 
having  after  the  example  of  Columbus  con- 
felled  their  lins,  ami  received  the  blelleJ 
i;icramei\r.  On  the  4'i'  of  /lugusi  the  rud- 
der ot  (lie  caravel  Pinta,  where  Martin  A- 
lonfo  Pinzon  commanded,  broke  loole,  and 
it  was  fulpetfted  to  have  happened  by  the 
contrivance  of  Gomez  Rafcon,  and  Cbrijio- 
fher  i'^iintero  the  owners  of  her,  and  fea- 
men  ,  becaufe  they  went  that  voyage  with 
an  ill  will,  and  had  endeavoured  to  difap- 
point  it  before  they  fet  out.  This  obliged 
them  to  lie  by,  and  the  admiral  made  up 
to  the  caravel,  tho'  he  could  not  alTiil  her, 
it  being  ufual  fo  to  do,  to  encourage  the 
men.  However  Martin  Alonfo  Pinzon  be- 
ing an  able  failor,  the  rudder  was  fo  faften- 
ed  with  ropes,  that  they  held  on  their 
courfe  till  the  tuefday  following,  when  it 
got  loofc  again,  thro'  the  violence  of  the 
wind,  and  they  were  all  obliged  to  lie  by. 

This  misfortune  happening  to  the  caravel 
Pinta,  at  firilfcttingout,  might  have  (lart- 
Icil  a  fuperllitious  perfon,  cfpecidly  con- 
lidcring  how  refradtory  Martin  AIoh/o  Pin-  Is  .n  tho 
zon  afterwards  proved  tow.irds  the  admiral ;  C.in.it', 
but  having  again  made  tait  the  rudder,  the  ''l^"'i>- 
belt  they  could,  they  difcovercd  the  Cana- 
ry illands  on  the  11'''  of  Augujl,  about 
break  of  day,  and  not  being  able,  by  rea- 
fon  of  the  contrary  winds,  to  reach  Grand 
Canaria  in  two  days,  Martin  Atonfo  was  or- 
dered, as  loon  as  he  could  get  to  land,  to 
provide  another  fhip,  the  admiral  going 
himfelf  with  the  other  two  to  Gomeru,  with 
the  fame  intent  •,  but  finding  none  returned 
to  Canaria,  rcfolving  to  make  a  new  rud- 
der to  the  caravel  Pinta,  and  to  change  the 
fails  of  the  car.wel  Pinna  which  were  latin, 
or  tri.mgular  into  fquare,  that  flie  might 
labour  the  lefs,  and  keep  company  with 
more  fafety.  He  failed  again  on  the  ift  of 
September,  after  noon,  and  returning  to  Go- 
mera,  took  in  flefh,  wood,  and  water  very 
halUly,  in  four  days ;  for  being  informed 
that  fome  Portuguefe  caravels  ply'd  there- 
abouts to  take  him,  he  apprehended  fome 
misfortune,  becaufe  the  king  of  Portugal 
was  much  concerned  when  he  heard  that 
Columbus  had  agreed  with  their  catholick 
majcfties,  fufpedting  he  had  milVed  his  for- 
tune. On  thurfday  the  C'l",  he  failed  to  the 
weifward,  and  made  little  way  by  reafon  of  Siih  ucil- 
the  calms;  yet  the  next  day  they  loit  fight  ""''• 
of  land,  and  many  fighed,  and  wept,  be- 
lieving they  (hould  never  fee  it  again,  Co- 
lumbus comforting  them  with  the  hopes  of 
wealth,  and  fuccefs.  That  day  they  ran 
eighteen  leagues,  the  admiral  defigncdly 
reckoning  but  fifteen,  thinking  it  conveni- 
ent to  fliorten  the  voyage,  to  leHen  the  ap- 
prchenfion  of  the  feamen.     On  the  ii'*'  of 

Septi-mber, 


Chap.  7. 


America  hy  the  Europeans. 


60 1 


Liiion. 


September,  being  a  hunilreii  fifty  leagues 
from  theifl-indof /■{■••ro,  tlicy  faw.i  piece  of 
a  mad ,  that  feemcii  to  h:ivc  been  carried 
by  the  current,  wliich  a  little  farther  tiny 
found  ftt  very  llronj;  to  the  nortliwiird.  On 
the  14=''  of  Sejtember,  being  fifty  Icagiies 
more  to  the  v.s'ltward,  about  night  fdl  tiie 
admiral  per,  .ived  the  neei'lc  varird  a  point 
weflw.ircf,  an. I  Ibmewhat  more  about  break 
of  clay. 

The  fiid  variation  Iiad  never  before  been 
obfervedby  any  man, which  made  him  much 
admire  it,  and  more  three  days  after,  when 
having  run  an  humired  lea^'ics  farther  upon 
tlie  fime  courfe  he  found  the  needles  varied 
at  evening  two  points,  and  in  the  morning 
cxaiHly  pointe.l  upon  the  north  liar.  On 
faturday  the  ij''',  being  near  three  hundred 
leagues  ro  the  wefhv  .ril  of  the  illand  of 
Ferro,  in  the  night  they  law  a  .'lame  of  fire 
fall  into  the  icA,  four,  or  five  leagues 
fnuth-wefl  fiom  the  Ihips,  tiie  weather 
being  calm,  and  the  lea  fmooth ,  and 
tlie  currents  full  letting  north-ea(V.  The 
men  in  the  caravel  Aiiiiia  fud,  they  had 
the  day  before  feen  one  of  thofc  birds  we 
call  water-wagtails,  which  they  admired, 
as  being  tlie  fird  tiiey  had  feen,  and  a  bird 
out «  fc.  they  iAy  does  not  Hy  above  fifteen,  or  twen- 
ty leagues  from  land.  The  next  day  they 
were  n.orc  furprizcd  to  obferve  fome 
fpots  of  green,  ami  yellow  weeds  on  the 
furface  of  the  water,  and  the  more  for  that 
it  feemeil  to  be  newly  broke  loofe  from 
fomc  ifland,  or  rock  ;  and  on  monday  they 
faw  much  more,  which  made  many  con- 
clude they  were  near  land,  and  the  rather 


.Mir  I 

ihiccliun 

(Ircil 


Wc:Js, 


becaufethey  f>w  a  live  fmall  grafhoppcrcin  Herrb?* 
thL'  weeds.  \r.z  others  thought  ihcy  might  -^"VNJ 
come  from  lanJb,  or  rucks  lying  under  water, 
which  maiic  them  fear  and  mutter  agaiult 
the  voy.ige.  They  alio  took  notice,  that  the 
fea  water,  was  but  half  fo  fait  as  it  had  been 
before,  and  that  night  they  faw  abundance 
of  tunny  Hfhes, following  lb  clofe  after  the 
fliips,  that  the  men  in  the  caravel  Niniia 
killed  one  with  an  harping  iron  ;  and  in 
I  he  morning  the  air  was  temperate,  thac 
it  much  delighted  and  pleafed  them,  liie 
weather  being  much  the  fame  as  it  is  in 
Andaluzia  about  jipril.  About  three  hun- 
dred fixty  leagues  wtft  from  the  ifland 
Feno,  they  faw  another  water-wagtail,  and  ten"/,'."' 
on  tueiday  the  i  S'l"  of  September,  Martin  icrveJ. 
jilonfo  Pinzoti,  who  was  before,  in  the  ca- 
ravel Pinta,  which  was  an  excellent  failor, 
lay  by  for  the  admiral,  and  faid  he  hatl 
feen  a  multitude  of  fowl,  flying  weflward, 
which  made  him  hope  to  difcover  land  that 
night,  at  about  fifteen  leagues  diltance  to 
the  northward  ;  nay  he  fancy'd  he  had  feen 
it  i  but  the  admiral  not  believing  it,  would 
not  lofe  time,  in  going  out  of  the  way  to 
feek  it,  tho'  all  the  men  were  that  way  in- 
clined, as  not  thinking  thit  was  the  place, 
where  according  to  his  notion  it  was  to  be 
found.  That  night  the  wind  frefhcned, 
when  they  had  failed  eleven  days  without 
handing  their  fails,  running  always  to  the 
weflward  before  the  wind.  The  admiral 
conflantly  noted  down  all  particulars,  as 
the  winds  that  blew,  the  filhes,  and  birds 
he  fiw,  and  all  other  tokens,  continually 
making  obfervations,  :  n]  founding. 


fi! 


(p:     :'.!. 


mi 


C  H  A  I .     VII. 

The  Voyage  continued;  the  Signs  they  obfcrved;  Jhewing  that  '.here  mujl  be  Land) 
the  Men  grvw  mutinous,  the  Admiral  endeavours  to  appeafe  them. 


AL  I.  ths  men  being  unacquainted  with 
lU'h  a  voyage,  and  having  feen  no- 
thing but  the  iky  and  water  in  fo  many 
days,  began  to  mutter,  as  thinking  their 
condition  defperatc,  and  therefore  diligent- 
ly obfcrved  all  tokens  they  faw,  none  hav- 
ing ever  been  (o  far  ou:  at  lea  as  they  then 
were.  On  the  19'''  of  September  \  fea-gull 
came  aboard  the  admiral,  and  others  ap- 
peared in  the  evening,  which  put  tlicm  in 
More  10-  hopes  of  land,  believing  thofe  birds  were 
liin!  ob-  not  gone  far  from  it ;  and  hereupon  they 
ittvtJ.  threw  out  the  lead  with  two  hundred  fathom 
of  line,  and  tho'  they  found  no  bottom,  it 
appeared  thac  the  current  did  fet  fouth  wefl. 
Thurfday  the  2  j"'',  about  ten  in  tiie  morn- 
ing they  faw  two  guls  more,  near  the  admi- 
ral, and  fome  time  after  took  a  black  bird, 
with  a  white  fpot  on  his  head,  and  the  feet 
like  a  duck-,  and  they  killed  a  fmall  fifh, 
and  law  abundance  of  weeds,  whiUi  the  fhips 
Vol,  V, 


failing  over,  they  began  to  be  Icfs  afraid. 
The  next  morning  at  break  of  day  three 
little  land  birds  cam;  aboard  the  admiral 
finging,  and  when  the  fun  was  up,  flew 
away,  which  was  fome  comfort  to  the  men, 
as  believing,  that  the  other  forts  of  fea 
fowl  might  venture  out  farther,  but  thofe 
little  thirds  <  ould  not  come  from  fo  great  a 
dirtance.  ?jme  time  after  they  faw  another 
gull,  con-ing  from  the  wcfl  north  wefl,  and. 
the  next  day  after  noon  another  water-wag- 
tail, and  a  gull,  and  more  weeds  to  the 
northward,  which  was  fome  encounge- 
ment,  fuppofing  they  mufl:  come  from  fomc 
land  not  remote.  Yet  thefe  very  weeds  trou- 
bled them,  becaufe  fometimes  there  were 
fuch  thick  fpots  of  them,  that  they  hinder'd 
the  way  of  the  Ihips,  and  therefore  they 
kept  from  them,  as  much  as  they  could. 

The  next  day  they  faw  a  whale,  and  on 

the  2  2''  of  September  fome  birds  \  and  dur- 

7  O  ins 


'IIj'H 


1 


I 


'N 


6o2 


Objervations  and  Dijcoveries  of 


W'i     '•: 


If    :. 


Murmur- 
ingi. 


HttteaA  ing  thofe  three  days  they  met  with  fouih 
^"^^''^^  weft  winds,  which  tho*  contrary,  the  ad- 
miral faid  were  good,  becaufe  the  (hips 
having  Tailed  all  that  wh'lc  before  the  wind, 
the  men  believed  it  would  be  impolTible  to 
fetum  home.  Yet  for  all  he  could  alledge 
the  men  grew  mutinous,  and  began  to 
flight  him,  ami  rail  at  the  king  for  lending 
them  upon  fuch  a  voyage  •,  whilft  Columbus 
fometinKs  fed  them  witn  hopes,  and  other 
whiles  threatned  them  with  the  puniflinient 
they  mud  expeft  from  his  majefty.  But 
on  the  23'',  the  wind  came  up  at  welt 
north  weft,  with  a  rough  fea,  as  they  all 
wilhed,  and  at  nine  in  the  morning  a  turtle 
dove  flew  over  the  admiral,  and  in  the  after- 
noon a  gull,  and  other  white  birds,  and 
they  found  graflioppers  among  the  weeds. 
The  next  day  came  another  gull,  and  tur- 
tle doves  from  the  weftward,  as  alfo  (ome 
fmall  filhes,  which  they  killed  with  harp- 
ing irons,  becaufe  they  would  not  bite  at 
the  bait. 

All  thefe  tokens  proving  vain,  the  men's 
fear  increafed,  who  began  openly  to  mutter, 
that  the  admiral  had  projeded  to  make 
himfelf  great,  at  the  expence  of  their  lives  -, 
and  fince  they  had  done  their  duty,  ventu- 
ring out  farther  than  any  men  had  ever 
done  before  them,  they  ought  not  to  feek 
their  own  deftrudtion,  by  failing  on  to  no 
purpofe,  till  their  provifions  were  fpent  -, 
which  though  never  fo  fparingly  rnanaged, 
would  not  fervc  them  back  again ;  nor 
would  th  fhips  hold  out,  being  already 
crazy  ;  fo  that  no  man  could  blame  them, 
and  the  admiral  having  met  with  fo  much 
rppofition,  they  would  be  the  fooner  be- 
lieved. There  wanted  not  fome,  who  faid. 
That  to  avoid  all  conrroverfy,  it  were  the 
beft  way  privately  to  throw  him  overboand, 
and  give  out  he  had  dropt  accidentally,  as  he 
was  gazing  on  the  ftars,  and  this  would  be 
the  fureft  method  to  fave  themfelves,  fince 
no  examination  would  be  made.  Thus  the 
men  daily  inclined  more  and  more  to  mu- 
tiny, wiiich  much  perplexed  Columl/us,  who 
fometimes  with  good  words,  and  then  again 
with  menaces  curbed  their  infolency  j  often 
inculcating  the  tokens  they  met  with,  to 
affurc  them  they  fhould  foon  find  a  won- 
derful rich  country,  where  all  their  toils 
would  be  overpaid.  Thus  they  continued 
fo  full  of  care  and  trouble ,  that  every 
hour  looked  to  them  like  a  year,  till  on 
tucfday  the  25'''  of  September,  Vincent  Tan- 
ner Pinzon  talking  to  Columbus,  cried  out, 
land,  land.  Sir  I  demand  my  reward  for 
this  news,  and  then  pointing  to  the  fouth 
weft,  Ihewed  a  bulk  that  looked  like  an 
ifland,  about  twenty  five  leagues  from  the 
fliips,  which  tho'  afterwards  believed  to  be 
a  contrivance  concerted  between  them  two, 
yet  at  that  time  was  fo  pleafing  to  the  men, 

4 


that  they  returned  thinks  ioCJod  ;  antl  tlie 
admiral  pre  ti-niled  to  bcluAc  it,  till  night, 
dircdting  his  courfc  that  way  a  gre.it  jurt 
of  it,  to  pleafe  his  crc  w. 

The  next  moininj,  they  all  pcrcciviJ 
thofe  were  clouds,  which  often  look  like 
land,  and  then  with  general  ilKTIitisfadtion 
flood  weftward  again,  continuing  fo  to  do 
as  long  as  the  wind  favoured,  .ind  obfcrv- 
ing  tl.c  figns,  law  a  gull,  n  v.  itcr-wagtail, 
and  other  birds-,  and  on  thurlilay  morning, 
another  gull  flying  from  the  well  to  the 
eaftward,  they  alfo  faw  many  of  the  fifhcs 
called  gilt-heads,  fome  of  which  they 
ftruck  with  harping  irons  j  another  water- 
wagtail  palled  by  very  near  the  ftiips,  and 
they  obferved,  that  the  currents  did  not 
run  fo  ftrong  in  a  body  as  before,  but 
turned  back  with  the  tides,  and  there  were 
fewer  weeds.  Friday  following  they  faw 
trany  dorados ,  or  gilt-heads,  and  on  la- 
turday  a  water-wagtail,  being  a  fea  fowl 
that  never  refts,  but  purCucs  the  gulb , 
till  for  fear  they  mute,  which  the  otiicr 
catches  in  the  air,  and  lives  on  •,  and  of 
thefe  there  are  great  numbers  about  the 
idands  of  Cabo  Verde.  Soon  after  abun- 
dance ot  gulls  appeared,  az  alfo  numbers  ofi 
flying  fiflies.  In  the  afternoon  they  found 
many  weeds  ftretching  out  in  length  from 
i.jrth  to  fouth,  as  alio  three  gulls,  and  a 
water-wagtail  purfuing  them  ;  the  men 
conftantly  believing  the  weeds  were  a  figa 
that  there  was  land  near,  but  under  water, 
and  that  they  (hould  perifh.  On  funday  four 
water-wagtails  came  near  the  admiral,  and 
they  coming  together,  it  was  believed  that 
the  land  was  not  far  off;  and  many  weeds 
appeared  lying  in  length  from  welt  north 
well  to  eall  fouth  call ;  befidcs  many  of 
thofe  fiflies  they  call  emperors,  which  have 
a  hard  (kin,  and  are  not  good  to  eat.  Tho* 
the  admiral  took  notice  of  all  thefe  figns 
below,  yet  he  omitted  not  to  oblerve  thole 
in  the  heavens.  He  perceived,  that  at 
night-fall  the  needles  varied  two  full  {xjinis, 
and  in  the  morning  they  were  exaft  with 
the  north  ftar,  which  much  perplexed  the 

f)ilots,  till  he  told  them,  that  was  occa- 
ioned  by  the  north-ftar's  rounding  the 
pole,  which  fomewhat  fatisfied  him ;  for 
this  variation  made  them  apprehend  fomt 
danger,  being  fo  far  from  land. 

Monday  the  firii  of  O^ober,  at  break  of 
day  a  gull,  and  thofe  there  they  fay  arc 
like  bitterns,  came  aboard  the  admiral  ; 
and  others  before  noon,  and  the  weeds  then 
fet  <^rom  eaft  to  weft,  many  fearing  that 
they  (hould  come  to  fome  place,  where 
the  land  was  fo  clofe  to  the  f.\id  weeds,  that 
they  mull  ftick  aground,  and  be  loft.  Thar 
fame  morning  the  pilot  told  Columbus,  that 
they  were  five  hundred  eighty  eight  leagues 
weft  from  the  ifland  of  Perro;  the  .idnii- 

ral 


Rt  ':!  i 


Chap.  7. 


America  Sy  the  Kuropeans. 


603 


It.iguei, 
being  lb 
much 
more  than 
Ctlumbut 
had  I'ailed. 


ral  anlwered,  he  rerkoncci  but  five  hiindrtil 
eighty  four-,  but  in  reality  his  reck  .ning 
was  fevcn  hundred  and  feven.  The  pilot 
of  the  caravel  Ninna,  on  wcdneftlay  fol- 
lowing in  the  ai<.  'noon  fnid,  by  his  com- 
putation they  had  run  fix  hundred  and 
fifty  leagues,  and  he  of  the  Piiita  fix  hun- 
dred ami  thirty,  which  was  a  miftake,  for 

•J'hiifeemi  thcy  always  failed  right  before  the  wind. 

CO  be  i     However,  Columbus  laid  nothing,  led  the 

"h'e'ntm"  '"^"  ^'"^  lo  fa""  ^om  'and  fliould  difmay. 

ber  of  ^"  ^^^  fccond  ofOiiobtr  they  killed  a  tun- 
ny fifh,  and  faw  many  other  forts,  as  alfo 
a  white  bird  and  many  grey  ones,  and  the 
weeds  looked  withered,  and  almoft  reduced 
to  powder.  No  birds  appearing  on  the 
third,  thejr  feared  they  had  left  fomc 
ifland  on  either  fide,  fuppofing  all  the 
birds  they  had  fcen  paffed  over  from  one 
idand  to  another,  and  the  men  being  of 
opinion  to  turn  off  to  either  hand,  Colum- 
bus did  not  think  fit  to  lofe  the  oppor- 
tunity of  the  wind,  which  carried  him  due 
weft,  that  being  what  he  dcfired,  and  be- 
caufe  it  would  leflen  his  reputation,  (hould 
he  fail  up  and  down  lo  feek  for  that  he 
always  faid  he  was  alTured  of.  This  made 
the  men  mutiny  again,  and  no  wonder, 
confidering  fo  many  were  led  by  one,  of 
whom  they  had  but  little  knowledge,  and 
run  into  fuch  a  vaft  ocean,  where  for  fo 
many  days  they  had  feen  nothing  but  the 
Iky  and  water,  without  knowing  what 
would  be  the  end  of  it.  But  it  pleafed 
God  to  provide  frefh  figns,  wherewith 
they  were  fomewhat  pacified ;  for  on  the 
fourth  of  October,  after  noon,  they  faw 
above  forty  foarrows  and  two  gulls,  which 
came  fo  dole  to  the  fliips,  that  a  failor 
killed  one  of  them  with  a  (lone,  and  ma- 
ny flying  fiflies  fell  into  the  (hips,  with 
which,  and  the  admiral's  fair  words,  they 
were  appeafed. 

The  next  day  a  gull,  a  water-wagtail, 
and  many  fparrows  appeared  near  the  (hip 
to  the  weftward.  On  funday  the  feventh, 
there  was  fome  fign  of  land  to  the  weftward, 
iiad  none  durft  fay  fo,  tho'  they  all  wilh'd 
for  it,  in  hopes  of  gaining  an  annuity  of 
loooo  maravedies,  which  their  catholick 
m^tjefiies  had  promifed  to  him  that  firft 
faw  land ;  and  left  they  ftiould  upon  every 
fancy  cry,  land,  out  of  covetuoufnefs  of 
the  reward,  it  was  ordered,  that  whofoever 


f?>niiH  pretend  to  lie  I.iiiJ,  if  it  were  r.dt 
verified  in  three  d.iys,   Hiauki  be   lor  over 
excluded  fioni  that  benefit,  tlio'  he  after- 
wards really  difcovered  it.  However,  they 
in  the  caravel  Nwhh,  which  was  torcmolt, 
being  the  bell  failor,  concluding  tor  cer- 
tain  that  they  had  feen   lar  !,    fireU   their 
guns,  and  hoilled  out  their  eolours,    but 
the  farther  they  advanced,  tiie  more  their 
joy  declined,  till  it  quite  viidicd.   In  this 
difconfolate  condition  it  ple;iled  God  aguin 
to  comfort  them  with  tiie  fight  of  great 
flights  of  birds,  and  amongit  them  fome 
belonging  to  the  land,  which  made  to  the 
fouth-welt  I  whereupon  Co/uml-s  concluded 
he  could  not  be  far  from  land,  and  there- 
fore altered  his  courfe  from  weft  to  fouth- 
weft,    alledging,  that  the  difference  was 
not  great,    and    hat  the  Portuguefes  had 
difcovered  moft  of  their  iflands  by  fuch 
flights  of  birds,    and  that  thofc   he  fiw 
took  the  fame  way  he  had  always  defigned 
for  difcovering  of  the  land,  for  they  well 
knew  he  always  told  them  he  did  not  ex- 
peift  to  meet  with   it,  till   he  had   failed 
(even  hundred  and  fifty  leagues  to  the  weft- 
ward of  the  Canaries^    where  he  iiad  faid, 
he  (hould  find  th^.-  ifland  Hi/paiiiola,  whicf\ 
he  then  called  Cipongo,  and  muft  certainly 
have  been  upon  it,  but  that  knowing  it 
lay  north  and  fouth  in  length,  he  had  noc 
before  turned  to  the  fouthward,    for  fear 
of  being  foul  of  it,  yet  he  believed  it  lay 
among  other  iflands  to  the  left,  the  way 
thofe  birds  flew,  they  being  fo  numerous 
becaufe  the  land  was  (o  near ;  for  on  mon- 
day  the  eighth  about  a  dozen   of  fmall 
birds  of  feveral  colours  came  to  the  (hip, 
and  after  hovering  a  while  about  it,  flew 
away,  many  others  making  to  the  fouth- 
weft.  That  fame  evening  many  large  birds 
appeared,  and  flocks  of^fmall  ones,  com- 
ing from  the  northward,  and  they  faw  ma- 
ny tunny  filhes ;  and  the  next  morning  a 
gull,  ducks,  and  fmall  birds  flying  the  fame 
way  the  others  had  gone ;  oeCides  the  air 
was  more  frefh  and  fragrant,  as  it  is  at  Se- 
vil  about  April.     But  now  the  men  were 
fo  eager  to  fee  land,    that  they  regarded 
no  figns,  tho*  on  wednefday  the  tenth  ma- 
ny birds  were  feen  both  by  day  and  night  i 
yet  neither  the  admiral's  encouragement, 
nor  upbraiding   them  with  pufillanimity 
could  quell  thofe  people. 


i'Jnl 


Hi 


iji!! 


■  f'-'.;, 


CHAP. 


604. 


Objervations  and  Dijco-veries  of 


CHAR     VIII. 

Mmiral  Coliimluis  il'/imrrs  the  IJltituU  of  San  Salvatbr,  The  Conception,  Fcr- 
nandina,  \ji\x\\ii,  ami  others;  the  D<jiription  of  than,  and  0/ the  Natives. 

ji'dies  dcclarcil  to  belong  to  the  ailniir.il, 
and  was  always  paiil  liim  out  ot  the  ri  vciiu- 
ot  the  Jhamblcs  at  Sevil;  liccault  lie  1  iv   . . 
light,  in  the  niitlll  of  ilarknets,  111 
the  Ipiritiial   light  they   were  brin;',h      a- 


HiRiEiiA  tT  pkafiil  (Iiip  that  when  Columbus  was 
'-'^i^V'  \_  no  longer  .iMi  10  wi'.hllaml  the  muti- 
nous tenijiir,    uul  ilifcontrnts  of  his  nun, 
on  thurlilay  the   w'^  oi  O.'lvler  141)2,   in 
the  afternoon,  he  received  lonie  comfort. 


from  the  manifcft  tokens  there  apneareil  of    mong  thole  barbarous  people  1    Ci  o  d  lb 


m.% 


the  nearnefs  of  the  land  i  for  thole  aboard 
his  own  fhips  faw  by  her  (ide  a  green  rufli, 
and  then  a  large  green  filh  of  that  lort 
which  is  ufually  near  rocks.  'I'iiey  in  the 
caravel  Pinta  fiw  a  cane  and  a  IhilV,  and 
took  up  another  artificially  carved,  and  a 
bit  of  board,  and  many  weeds  frelh  torn 
off  from  the  (horc.  Thofc  of  the  caravel 
Ninna  faw  other  fuch  like  tokens,  and  a 
thorn  tree  branch  with  the  berries  on  itj 
which  feem'd  to  be  frcfh  broke  oil',  all  de- 
monflraiions  of  their  being  near  land,  as 
was  tne  land  they  brought  up  with  the 
lead  infounilingi  befides  tiie  unlleadinels 
of  tiie  wind  then  blowing  was  thougiit  to 
be  occalioned  by  the  land.  Cu.'iimbus  con- 
cluding that  he  was  certainly  near  it,  as 
foon  as  it  was  night,  after  evening  prayer, 
he  made  a  fpeech  to  his  men,  lignilyiiig 
the  infinite  goodnefs  of  God  to  them,  in 
coniluiling  them  fafe  through  lb  long  a 
voyage,  and  fincc  the  tokens  hourly  ap- 
peared more  certain,  he  defired  they  would 
watch  all  the  night,  fmce  they  knew,  that 
the  firll  article  of  the  inllrudions  he  gave 
them,  when  they  left  Spain,  direded  that 
after  failing  feven  hundred  leagues,  with- 
out finding  land,  they  fliould  make  noway 
from  midnight  till  day,  but  Hand  upon 
their  guard,  for  he  was  mod  confident  they 
Ihould  make  the  l.ind  that  night,  and  that 
befides  the  ten  thoufind  maravedits  annui- 
ty their  majelUcs  had  promifed  to  the  fiilt 
that  f.iw  it,  he  woulil  give  him  a  velvet 
doublet.  About  ten  at  night,  Columbus 
fitting  on  the  poop  faw  a  light,  anil  pri- 
vately called  I'eler  Guliernz,  one  of  f'  'i 
king's  grooms  of  the  privy  chamber,  and 
bid  him  look  at  it,  and  he  f.iid,  he  law  it. 
Then  they  called  Roikrick  Sanchez  of  Sigo- 
via,  inljK-elor  of  the  fleet,  who  could  not 
ilifcern  it,  but  it  was  afterwards  Ian  twice, 
ami  lookctl  like  a  candle  that  was  lifted  up, 
and  put  down,  lb  that  Columbus  made  no 
doubt  of  its  being  a  true  light,  or  that  he 
was  near  land,  as  it  proved,  being  jieople 
going  from  one  houfe  to  another.  About 
two  in  the  morning,  the  caravel  Pinta, 
which  was  always  foremoll,  madcafignal 
of  land,  which  war,  firll  defcried  by  Rode- 
rick lie  'rri.ina,  a  failor,  and  but  two  leagues 
dilfant.  However  the  reward  often  thou- 
fand  maravcdiei  annuity,   was  by  their  ma- 


onlering,  that  as  loon  as  tlie  war  with  the 
Aloors  w.is  ended,  after  leven  hunilrcd  twen- 
ty years  fince  their  firll  coming  into  Sjuun, 
this  work  fliould  be  begun,  that  lb  the  kings 
of  CajUle,  and  Leon,  might  be  contiini.dly 
employed  in  bringing  of  infidels  to  the 
knowledge  of  the  catholick  faith. 

When  the  ilay  appeareil,  they  perceived 
it  was  an  ifiand,  fifteen  leagues  in  length, 
plain,  much  wooded,  with  good  water,  a 
t'relh  lake  in  the  middle,  and  full  of  people, 
who  Hood  full  of  admiration  on  the  lliore, 
believing  the  fliips  to  be  lome  monllruus 
creatures,  and  impatient  to  be  better  inform- 
ed, as  thi:  S/ tsnianls  were  to  go  .illiorc.  The 
ailmiral  went  off  in  his  bo.it  well  mann'd, 
and  the  ruyai  Ihindard  hoilKd,  as  did  the 
c.ipt.iinb  Martin  .llonjo  Pinzon,  anil  Vincent 
i'anncz  Pinion  with  the  peculi.ir  colours  of 
the  enierprize,  being  a  green  crofs  with 
Ibme  crowns,  and  the  names  ot  tiieir  catho- 
lick nLijellies.  When  they  had  all  kil's'il 
the  ground,  and  returned  thanks  to  Al- 
mighty God,  on  their  knees,  for  that  his 
mercy  to  them,  the  admiral  flood  up,  and 
called  that  illanil  San  Salvador,  that  is,  St. 
Saviour,  but  by  the  inhabitants  it  was 
named  Giianahani,  being  one  of  tliofe  af- 
terwards in  general  called  Luc.iyos,  nine 
hundred  fitly  leaguesfrom  ihcCanary  illands, 
and  difcovered  after  thirty  three  days  fail. 
Columlus  took  jx^fliinon  of  it,  with  the 
ufual  fornialities,  tor  the  crown  of  Cajlila 
and  Lcci;,  in  the  prcfence  of  the  notary 
Roderick  de  Efcovedo,  vail  numbers  of  the 
natives  looking  on.  The  Spaniards  then 
owned  him  as  admiral,  and  viceroy,  tak- 
ing an  oath  to  obey  him,  as  reprefenting 
the  king's  perlbn  in  thole  parts,  with  uU 
the  pleal\ire,  and  fatisfidlion  as  may  be 
imagined  for  fuch  fucccls,  all  of  them  beg- 
ging pardon  tor  the  trouble  they  had  put 
him  to  through  ilieir  irrelbiution  and  pu- 
fillanimity.  The  admiral  perceiving  thole 
Indians  were  a  fimple  peaceable  people, 
who  Hood  in  admiration  g'zing  on  the 
Chrillians,  wondring  at  their  beards,  com- 
plexion, and  deaths,  gave  them  Ibme  red 
caps,  glals  beads,  and  I'uch  baubles,  which 
they  highly  valued,  the  Spaniards  being 
no  lefs  I'urpri/.ed  to  behold  chofe  people, 
their  pollure,  and  behaviour. 

4  The 


Flrft  lin,| 
Jilcovci'J 


'I'lic  lll.ina 
cillcil  S:. 
S.wiiur. 


I 


Chap.  8. 


America  ^j  the  Europeans. 


60$ 


The  admiral  returned  aboarti  his  (hips 
followed  by   the  Indians,   (ome  of  thcni 
fwimming,  ami  others  in  their  boats,  call- 
etl  cancel,  made  of  one  entire  piece  of  tim- 
ber, like  t.  jughs,    or  trays,    they  carried 
with  them  bottoms  of  cotton,  parrots,  and 
javelins,  j/ointcd  with  fifh  bones,  and  fome 
other  things  to  barter  for  glafs  toys,  hawks 
bells,  and  fuch  trifles,    which   they  were 
fo  well  plealed  with,  as  to  put  a  high  value 
uponpiecesof  broken  earthen  glazed  plates 
and  porringers.     Men  and   women  were 
ail  Oark  naked,  like  people  in  their  primi- 
tive innocence  >  the  greater  number  being 
under  thirty  years  of  age,    though  there 
were  alfo  fome  old.     They  wore  their  hair 
down  to  their  cars,  and  fome  few  to  their 
necks,  ty'd  with  a  firing  to  the  head,  in  the 
nature  of  treffes.    Their  features  and  coun- 
tenances were  good,  tho*  their  extraordinary 
broad   foreheads     were    fome   deformity. 
They  were  of  a  middle  flaturc,  well  (hap- 
ed,  their  Ikins  of  an  olive  colour,  like  the 
natives  of  the  Canary  iflands  -,  fome  were 
painted  white,   others  black,  and  others 
red  i   moll  of  them  about  their   bodies, 
fome  only  their   faces,    eyes,   and  nofes. 
They  were  totally  unacquainted  with  our 
weapons,  for  being  fhewed  fome  fwords, 
they  ignorantly  laid  hold  of  the  edge ;  nor 
did  they  know  any  thing  of  iron ;  but  made 
ufe  of  fharp  ftones  found  in  the  rivers  to 
work  in  wood.  Being  afked  by  flgns,  how 
they  came  by  fome  fears   the  Spaniards 
faw  among  them  ;   they  anfwered.   That 
ihc  people  of  other  iflands  came  to  take 
them,  and  they  were  wounded  Handing  up- 
on their  own  defence.    They  feem  to  have 
voluble  tongues,  and  ready    wits,  eafily 
repeating  the  wonls  they  heard.     No  liv- 
ing creatures  whafoever  were  feen  there, 
but  only  parrots.    The  next  day,  being  the 
1?'"  of  Oilober,  abundnnce  of  Indians  tame 
aboard  the   fhips  in  their  canofs,  moft  of 
which  carried  forty,  or  fifty  men ;    and 
fome  Ibfmall  that  they  held  but  one.  They 
rowed  with  an  oar,  like  a  baker's  peel,  as  if 
they  had  been  digging  with  a  fpade.     The 
canoes  are  fo  contrived,  that  if  tlicy  overfet, 
the  Indians  fwimming  turn  them  up  again, 
and  lade  out  the  water  with  dry'd  calabafhes 
they  carry  for  that  purpofe.     They  had 
cotton  to  barter,  and  fome  of  them  gave  as 
many  bottoms  of  it  as  weighed  a  quarter 
of  an  hundred  weight,  for  the  Portuguefe 
cenlis,  being  a  fmall  brafs  coin,  worth  lefs 
than  a  farthing.     There  were  no  jewels,  or 
other  things  of  value,  except  fome  little 
gold  plates  they  hung  at  their  nofes.  They 
were  never  fatisfied  with  gazing  at  the  Spa- 
niards, kneel'd  down,  lifted  up  their  hands,  as 
it  were  to  praife  God, and  invited  one  another 
to  go  fee  tlic  men  that  came  from  heaven. 

Being  afked,  whence  they  had  that  gold ; 

Vol.  V. 


they  anfwered,  from  the  fouthward,  where  Hihiiha 
there  was  a  king,  who  had  abundance  of '-''VN.* 
it,  making  figns  with  their  hands.     The 
admiral    underllanding  tlierc  were   other 
countries,  relolved  to  go  feck  them.     The 
fliips  were  never  clear  ot  Iiuiuins,  who  as 
fbon  as  they  could  lay  hold  of  any  thing, 
tho'  it  v'"re  but  a  bit  of  a  broken  earthen 
dilli,  went  away  well  pleafed,  and  fwam 
afhorei  offering  wliatloever  tliey  had  tor 
any  trifle  they  gave  them.      Thus  the  day 
was  fpent  in  tr.idinj^,    arv.1  they  all   went 
away,  their  generofity  in  giving  being  oc- 
cafioncd  by  tnc  value  they  had  tor  what  was 
returned,  looking  upon  the  Spaniards  as  men 
come  from  heaven,  anil  therefore  defiring 
fomething  to  keep  in  remembrance  of  them. 
On  the  ij^^^  of  October,  in  the  morning, 
the  admiral  took  a  view  of  all  the  coifl 
towards  the  north-wefl,  in  the  boats.  The 
natives    followed  by  land,   offering   pro- 
vifions,  and  calling  others  to  fee  thofe  hea- 
venly men,  lifting  up  their  hands  in  ad- 
miration, and  otliers  in  canoes ,  and  fome 
fwimming,    by  figns  afked  wfiether   thp\ 
were  not  come  from  heaven,  and  dcfiiiiji 
they  would  go  afhore  to  reft.    The  admiral 
gave  them  all  ftrings  of  glafs  beads,  pins, 
and  other  toys,  being  well  pleafed  to  fee  fo 
much  fimplicity,  till  he  came  to  a  ri'lge  of 
rocks,  where  there  w.as  a  fpacious  fafe  liar- 
bour,  where  a  ftrong  fort  might  liavc  been 
built,    becaufe  ii  was  almoft  endofed  by 
the  water.     In  that  place  there  were  fix 
houfes,  with  abundance  of  trees  about  them, 
which  looked  like  gardens.     The  men  be- 
ing weary  of  rowing,  and  the  land  not  fit 
to  make  any  flay  there,  Coliwibiis  took  fe- 
ven  Indians,  that  they  might  learn  Spanijh, 
and  returning  to  the  caravels,    proceeded 
to  difcover  other  iflands,  above  an  hundred 
whereof  appeared,  all  of  them  plain,  green, 
and  inhabited,  the  names  whereof  tlie  In- 
dians told.  On  monday  the  15'^,  he  came 
to  one,  feven  leagues  from  the  firft,   and 
called  Santa  Maria  de  la  Conceptione,  or  St.  CuiteptUn 
Mary  of  the  Conception,    the  fide  whereof  ifljnd. 
next  to  San  Salvador  ftretches  out  fifty 
leagues ;  but  the  admiral  ran  along  it  eaft 
and  well,  where  the  extent  is  but  ten  leagues, 
anchored  on  the  weft  fide,  and  went  afhore. 
Vaft  numbers  of  the  natives  came  down 
immediately  full  of  admiration  5    and   he 
finding  ftill  the  fame  thing  thought  fit  to 
proceed  farther.  A  canoe  being  aboard  the 
caravel  Ninna ,  one  of  the  feven  Indians 
brought  from  San  Salvador  leaped  over, 
and  fwam  away,  and  though  the  boat  pur- 
fued,  it  could  not  overtake  him  •,  another 
had  made  his  efcape  the  night  before.    An 
Indian  came  in  a  canoe  to  barter  cotton  •, 
the  admiral  ordered  a  red  cap  to  be  put 
on  his  head,  and  hawkfbels  about  his  arms 
and  legs,  and  fo  he  went  away  well  pleafed 
with  his  cgtton.  7  P  The 


i :'   \ 


•• .: ..  fi: 


II  M 


:-1  » 

ti  !i,>ll:ir 


5  m* 

:mm\ 


6o6 


Observations  and  Discoveries  oj 


'>i    i 


lli>iii>A  'riic  next  tl,iy,  hting  turlilay,  he  pro- 
^^^*^  cccJtd  well  waul  to  anoilicr  illaml,  tluMoill 
wlu.icot' r.in  outcinlitccnlcigutsnonli  wc-ll 
aiKi  I'outli  I'.ill.  ilc  cunt  not  to  it  till 
wcilni  lilay  llic  i;'"",  afternoon,  liy  nalon 
ol  tlif  tiilms.  By  the  w.iy  tlity  mt  t  .m  /« 
ili.iii  ill  .»  lanof,  who  h.ul  a  picic  ot  Inch 
Urt'.itl  IS  tliiy  tar,  and  Ionic  wattr  in  a  ca- 
laballi,  or  j;;v)UiJ,  a  little  lilai  k  earth,  liuii 
as  they  nli"  to  j'aint  theniklves,  anil  ilry 
leaves  ol  a  lort  of  herl)  they  highly  value,  lie- 
cauli:  it  iswhoielome,  wiil  Iwect  fccnteil, 
anil  in  a  little  halket  i  llriny;  ol  (^lal's  beails, 
and  two  r';»//W«j,  whiih  isalnisll  Portu^ucfe 
filver  coin,  worth  iimicr  two  pence ;  by 
which  it  apfx'ared  he  lanie  Iroiii  the  illand 
of  S. Ill  Sjlviiilor,  hail  paflid  by  ihc  Coiuc'l'- 
lion,  and  was  going  to  the  ill  ind  which  the 
atiniir.il  now  called  icithtmltiia,  in  honour 
ol  the  kiMff,  and  to  make  the  S/ani.ir.ls 
known.  The  way  being  long,  and  the  In- 
dian tired  with  rowing,  he  went  aboard 
tile  Ihips,  wiierc  the  admiral  ordered  he 
llunild  have  bread,  and  honey  given  him 
to  eat,  and  wine  to  drink,  and  as  loon  as 
he  came  to  the  ifiand,  cauled  him  to  be 
let  alliore,  with  I'onie  toys,  I'hc  good  ac- 
count this  man  gave  ol  his  entertainment, 
brought  the  jK'ople  to  barter  aboard  the 
ihips,  as  had  been  done  in  the  other  iflands, 
they  being  all  alike.  When  the  boat  went 
afliorelor  water,  the  liidiins  readily  (Iwwed 
ic  them,  and  helped  to  lill  the  pi[ics  ;  yet 
thele  k'eined  to  be  lonicwhat  more  under- 
Handing  than  the  others,  lor  t'wy  Hood 
harder  in  the  exchange  ol  their  things,  had 
cotton  blankets  in  their  houfes,  and  the 
women  covered  their  privities  with  little 
cotton  wrappers,  like  fliort  coats,  reaching 
from  the  navel  lialt  way  the  thighs,  and 
others  with  a  I'wathe  of  the  lame  fort  ■,  I'ucli 
as  had  no  better  did  it  with  leaves  of  trees, 
wliicli  was  not  ufcd  by  the  maidens. 

This  illand  leemal  to  have  plenty  of 
water,  many  meadows,  and  groves,  and 
lome  plealaiu  little  hills,  which  the  others 
had  not,  with  an  infinite  variety  of  birds 
tiiat  lung  fweetly,  and  Hew  about  in  flocks, 
moll  ol  them  different  from  what  Spain 
artords,  and  tlierc  were  many  lakes ;  near 
one  of  thele  they  faw  a  creature  levcn  foot 
long,  which  they  fiippofedto  be  an  alligator, 
and  having  thrown  Hones  it  ran  into  the 
water,  where  they  killed  it  with  their  fpears, 
admiring  its  bignefs,  and  Itrangc  (hape  •, 
yet  afterwards  experience  taught  them,  that 
the  laid  animal,  being  fleail  and  fcaied  is 
good  meat,  tor  the  delh  of  it  is  white, 
and  molt  valued  by  the  Indians,  and  in  the 
illand  llifpaniol'  they  call  them  Tvanes.  In 
this  illand  they  faw  feme  trees,  that  looked 
as  if  they  had  been  grafted,  as  bearing  four 
or  five  forts  of  leaves,  and  yet  they  were 
natural.      J' hey  alio  faw  lilhes  of  tine  co- 


h'lrtiifi./i 

>l.l  ill..'!.! 


lours,  but  no  Ian  I  aninulj,  except  large 
tame  Inakes,  the  atorel.iid  alligators,  ami  A 
little  lortof  rabl)ctb,  not  unlike  mice,  which 
they  call  Uliai.  I'loceeding  farther  to- 
wards the  north  wcH,  to  view  the  ill  and, 
they  anchored  at  the  mouth  of  a  ll.itely 
harbour,  having  a  final!  illand  before  ii ; 
but  went  not  in  becaufeol  the  |}i,dli)wnefs, 
nor  would  the  .idmiral  remove  lar  Iroin  a 
town,  thar  Ihelt'  red  them,  having  lien 
none  in  any  of  the  other  illaiuU  ol  .ibove 
ten,  or  twelve  hoiiles,  like  tents,  lume  ot 
them  round,  and  others  Hoping  both  w.iys, 
with  an  open  porch  bclore,  ittcr  the  lu  -.n- 
dm  l.dliion,  and  thele  covered  with  leave* 
of  trees,  handlomcly  laid  on  .igaiiiH  wind 
and  ram,  with  vents  lor  the  fmo.ik,  and 
h.indfonie  ridges,  or  ornaments  at  the  top. 
Within  them  there  was  nothing  but  what 
they  carried  .Hioard  the  fhips  to  barter  i 
only  their  beds  were  of  net  ty'd  up  to  two 
polls,  which  they  call  hamacks.  Here 
were  alio  fome  little  dumb  dogs.  An  Indian 
was  leen,  who  had  a  little  p-ecc  of  gold  at 
his  note,  with  fome  marks  on  it  like  cha- 
rac'lers,  which  the  admiral  would  f.iin  have 
had,  fuppoling  it  to  be  lijmc  coin  i  but 
it  afterw.irds  apf>eared  that  there  was  none 
throughout  .dl  the  tt^fjlJndies. 

Nothing  more  being  found  at  Fernandintt, 
than  what  had  been  fecn  at  San  Salvador, 
and  the  Conci'/lion,  he  proceeded  to  the  next 
ifl;-  Is.  The  fourth  w.is  called  S,wmolo, 
anu  he  gave  it  the  name  of  Ifabcla,  in  ho-  lnl/eU 
nour  of  her  catholick  maielty,  taking  pot-  '''^"^ 
lefllon  of  it  before  witnelles,  witiianoi.iry, 
as  was  done  in  all  the  relh  The  land  ap- 
peared .IS  beautiful  as  the  rcH,  looking  like 
Spain  in  April,  and  the  people  of  the  lame 
fort.  There  they  killed  an  alligator,  and 
as  they  were  going  towards  a  town,  the  in- 
habitants fied,  carrying  away  what  they 
had  1  but  the  admiral  having  ordered  that 
no  harm  Hiould  be  ilonc,  they  foon  came 
to  the  fhips,  to  barter,  as  the  others  had 
done,  and  he  gave  them  toys,  alking  thcin 
for  water,  that  they  rniylit  grow  more  fa- 
miliar, and  they  brought  it  in  gourds.  He 
would  not  lofe  time  at  the  Ifabela,  nor  any 
of  the  others,  which  were  very  numerous, 
and  all  alike,  but  rcfolvcd  to  go  find  out 
one  they  told  him  was  very  large,  and  by 
them  called  Cuba,  pointing  to  the  fouth- 
ward  i  hefuppoftng  it  to  be  Sucipango  by 
the  figns  they  gave,  and  mighty  things 
they  feem'd  to  fay  of  it.  He  Heer'd  his 
courfe  welt  fouth  welt,  made  little  way 
on  wednefday  and  thurfday,  by  reafon  of 
the  rain,  and  at  nine  in  the  morning 
changed  his  courle  to  fouth-ealt,  running 
eight  leagues,  and  difcovcring  eight  iflands 
lying  north  and  fouth,  which  he  called  del 
Arena,  or  of  fand,  on  account  of  the 
flioals  about  them.  He  w.^s  told  it  was  a 
I  day 


Chap.  9. 


America  hy  the  Europeans. 


607 


iIIjiiJ 


(lay  jnti  ^  h.ilC'^  (xW  from  tlirnte  to  Chba^ 
Itlt  tlicin  on  l.iiiiiil,iy  tlie  i-j*^  o(  OHoher, 
and  Handing  lnuili  louth-wtll,  difcovcrcd 


Cubit  More  night,  yet  bcniifc  it  grew  late  Hit«i«» 
ond  (larit,  would  not  draw  nearer,  but  lay  ^^^y^i 
by  all  night. 


c  n  A  p.   IX. 

7ht  /Idtmral  difiovcrs,   and  takts  a  view  of  the  //lands  of  Cuba,  and  1  Iii|>a- 
niola,  and  is  forfaktn  by  Martin  Alonlii  Pinzon. 


ON  lunii.iy  till'  2K«''  ot  Oflobrr,  he 
drew  ni.ir  the  co.ilf,  and  callid  the 
ifland  'Jiuimt,  or  'Joiinna,  which  appcarecl 
to  \\c  better  thin  the  others,  there  being 
hiili,  mountains,    various   Ibrts  of  trees, 

Iijiins,  and  waters  to  be  fccn  at  firll  fight. 
Ic   anchored  in  a   great  river   he  called 
San  Stitv/ulor,  or  St.  Sitviour  lor   a  gooil 
omen.    I'ht  wood  Iccmcd  to  be  very  thick, 
the  trees  tall,  hearing  hloiroms,  anil  Iruir, 
ditlrrcnt   trom  ours,    with   abundance  ot 
birds.     The  admiral  wanring  fomc    infor- 
mation, I'cnr   to  two  houCcs  there  were  in 
(i'lht,  the  inhabitants  whereof  Hed,  bearing 
nets,  and  other  fifhing  tackle,  and  a  dog 
that  did  not  bark.     He  would  not  lurt'er 
any  thing  to  be  touched  ;  but  went  on  to 
another  great  river  he  called  rfc  /,»  Luna, 
or  ol  the  moon  ;  another  he  named  Mares, 
or  Iras,  the  b.mks  whereof  were  full   of 
inhabitants,    who  lletl   to  ihe  mountains, 
which  were  covered  with   fevcral  forts  of 
large  mil  iieos.     'I'hc  liulians  he  brought 
with  hiiu,  figniiiid,  diat  there  was  gold, 
ami  iiearls,  \>hich  he  thought  was  likely, 
having  feen  nuilc'les,  anil  laid  it  v/as  not 
ten  days  fail  Irom  ilirncc  to  the  continent, 
only  upon  a  notinn  he  had  conceived,  up- 
on what  P.nd,  a  phyficiar  of  Florence  had 
wrif,   and  though  he  was  in  the  right,  it 
was  not  tilt  land  he  imagined  ;  and  believing 
that  if  miny  men  went  afhorc  the  Indians 
would  be  the  more  fearful ;  he  lent  only 
two  Spaniards,  with  one  of  the  Indians  of 
the  illand  of  Han  Salvador,  and  one  of  C'k- 
ha,  who  came  to  tiic  Ihips  in  a  canoe.  The 
S/iaMf arils  were  Roderick  de  Xeres,  inhabi- 
tant of  A^atnonfe,  and  Lewis  d*  Torres,  who 
had  been  a  Jtiu,  and  fpokc  Hebrew,  Cbal- 
dee,  and  fomc  fiy  Arabick.  1  le  gave  them 
toys  to  barter,  allotted  fix  days  for  their 
Hay,  and  ordcr'd  what  they  fhould  fay  in 
the  name  of  thiir  catholick  majeftics  i  di- 
rcdling  they  (hould  go  up  the  inland,  and 
enquire  into  all  particulars,  without  doing 
wrong  to  any  man.     In  the  mean  while  he 
refitted  his  ijiip,  and  found  all  the  wood 
they  burnt  had  a  fort  of  gum  like  maftick, 
the  leaf  and   truit    much   lefembling  the 
lentilk  tree,    but   was  much  bigger.     In 
this  river  ot  Mares  the  fljip  had  room  to 
wind,  and  it   has  feven   or  eight  fathom 
water   at   the  mouth ,    and    five    within, 
there  being    two  Inrall  hills  on  the  Ibuth- 
weit  fide,  and  a  plcalant  plain  cape  running 


lUnJ. 


out  to  the  well  north-welf,  and  this  was  af- 
terwards the  port  of  Rarocoa,  which  the  adt- 
lanlado,  or  lord  lieutenant  I'elazqiez,  cal- 
led of  the  AJfn million. 

On  the  '•,th  ol  November,  when  the  fliips  wiui  the 
were  ready  to  fail,  the  Spani.irds  returned,  Sfiimarii 
with   three  natives   ol    the  illand,    faying'"''"!"'"' 
they  had  travelled   ii  league;,  and  found 
a  town  of  fifty  hoiiles,  built  like  thofe  al- 
ready mentioned,  wherein  were  about  looo 
inhabitants,  a  whole  race  living  in  a  houfe  ■, 
that  the  prime  men    c.tme  out  to   meet, 
and  led  them  by  the  arms  to  lodge  in  one 
of  thofe  houfes,  where  they  were  feated  on 
llools  maile  t)f  one  entire  piece  of  wood, 
in  the  fha|x;  ot  a  living  creature  that  had 
fliort   legs,  the  tail  Handing  upright,  and 
the  head  betbre,  with  gold  eyes,  and  ears. 
That  all  the  Indians   fat  about   them  on 
the  ground,    and  came  one  after  another 
to   kifs  their   hands  and  feet,    believing 
they  came  from  heaven,  and  giving  them 
boiled  roots  to  eat,  which  talted  like  chef- 
nuts,  intreating  them  to  Hay  there,  or  at 
lead   to  reft  themfelvcs  for  five,    or  fix 
flays,  the  Indians  that  went  along  with  them, 
having  faid  much  in  their  commendation. 
Afterwards  abundance  of  women  coming 
in  to  fee  them,  the  men  went  away,  and 
thofe  with  the  fame  admiration  kifTed  their 
hands  and  feet,  touching  them,  as  if  they 
had  been   Ibmcthing  holy,  and   ottering 
what  they  had.     That  many  would  have 
come  away  with  them,  but  they  gave  leave 
only  to  their  lord,  his  fon,  and  a  fcrvant 
of  his,   of  whom  the  admiral  made  very 
much. 

They  added,  that  both  going  and  com- 
ing they  met  with  fcveral  towns,  where 
they  were  courtcoufly  entertained,  but  none 
of  them  had  above  live  or  fix  houfes  to- 
gether i  and  by  the  way  they  met  fcveral 
jxople,  every  one  carrying  a  lighted  fire- 
brand in  his  hand,  to  make  fire,  an.l 
finoke  themfelves  with  certain  herbs  they 
took  with  them,  as  alio  to  roaft  roots,  that 
being  their  ciiieffood.  That  the  fire  was 
calily  lighted,  for  they  had  a  fort  ofwooJ, 
which  being  rubbed  one  piece  againft  an- 
other, as  it  they  were  borcing,  foon  took 
fire.  They  law  feveral  forts  of  trees, 
which  they  had  not  feen  along  the  lea 
coatt,  and  extraordinary  variety  of  birds 
quite  difterent  from  ours,  and  among  them 
partridges  and  nightingales ;  but  hail  found 

no 


.>„y 


I    W 


1..  - 


i 


'*  'Ikr 


I'  m 


6o8 


Objervations  and  Dijcoveries  of 


I      i 


'  :c 


Herkira  no  four-footed  creature,  except  thofe  little 
'-'^W  cur  dogs,  thn  t  could  not  bark .  That  there 
was  much  land  fowed  with  thofe  roots, 
and  that  grain  they  called  Maiz,  which 
was  well  tailed,  either  boiled  whole,  or 
made  into  flower.  They  faw  vaft  quan- 
tities of  fpun  cotton,  in  bottoms,  and 
thought  there  was  above  1 2000  weight  of 
it  in  one  houfe,  for  ir  grows  wild  m  the 
fields }  and  oper.s  itfelf,  when  ripe,  as  the 
rofes  do :  but  not  all  at  once,  for  there 
were  fome  heads  open,  and  others  ftill 
clofed,  upon  the  fame  plant ;  and  they 
would  give  a  fmall  balket  full  of  cotton 
for  a  leather  thong,  or  a  piece  of  glaz'd 
earthen  ware,  or  looking  glafs.  They  did 
not  ufe  tliat  cotton  for  doathing,  being  all 
naked,  but  to  make  nets  to  lie  in,  and 
to  weave  fmall  clouts,  to  cover  their  pri- 
vities. Being  alked  for  gold  and  pearls, 
they  faid  there  was  plenty  of  them  at  Bo' 
bio,  pointing  to  the  eaft. 

The  Spaniards  made  much  enquiry  a- 
mong  the  Indians  they  had  aboard  for 
gold,  they  anfwered,  Cubanacan,  and  the 
others  thought  they  meant,  the  great  Cham, 
and  that  the  country  of  Calhay  was  near, 
for  they  alfo  made  figns  to  denote  four 
days  journey.  Martin  yJlonzo  Pinzon  was 
of  opinion,  it  mull  be  fome  great  city 
that  was  four  days  journey  off  v  but  it  was 
not  long  before  they  underftood,  that  Ca- 
banacan  was  a  province  in  the  midft  of 
Cuba,  for  Nocan  fignifies  in  the  middle,  and 
that  there  were  gold  mines.  The  admiral 
having  received  this  information,  would 
not  lofe  time ;  but  ordered  fome  Indians 
of  feveral  parts  to  be  taken,  to  carry  them 
into  Spain,  that  every  one  might  give  an 
account  of  his  own  country,  as  witneflTes 
of  the  dilcovery.  Twelve  men,  women, 
and  ciiildren  were  fecured  without  giving 
ollVncc,  and  when  they  were  ready  10  fail, 
an  Indian,  hufband  to  one  of  the  women, 
and  father  to  two  of  the  children  that 
were  .\board,  came  and  dcfired  to  be  car- 
ried along  with  them.  The  admiral  or- 
dered he  lliould  be  received,  and  all  of 
Lhcni  well  ufcd ;  but  the  wind  proving 
northerly  was  obliged  to  put  into  a  port 
he  c.dkd  ddl  Principe,  or  the  princes,  in 
the  fameilland,  which  heonly  viewed  from 
widiout,  near  a  great  number  ot  iflands, 
about  a  miilkct  fliot  diltant  from  one  an- 
<itlicri  and  this  place  he  culled  Mar  de 
Nuejtra  Senuora,  our  ladies  fea,  the  chan- 
nels between  the  iflands  being  fo  deep, 
and  well  adorned  with  trees  and  greens,  that 
K  was  very  delightful  laiiing  through  them. 
'I'hc  trees  were  differcnv  Irom  ours,  fome 
of  them  looking  like  mallick,  others  like 
Hgnum  (iloes,  others  like  palm,  with  the 
tlenis  green,  and  fmooth,  and  others  of 
Icvcral  forts.  Antl  tho'  thefc  illands, 
1 


among  which  they  went  in  their  boats, 
were  not  inhabited,  there  were  many  fires 
in  them  made  by  fidiermen,  the  people  of 
Cuba  ufing  to  go  thither  to  fi(h,  and  fowl, 
their  numbers  being  infinite;  and  there 
they  looked  for  other  provifions,  for  they 
eat  feveral  filthy  things,  as  great  fpiders, 
worms  breeding  in  rotten  wood,  and  other 
corruption  ;  and  filh  half  raw,  whole  eyes 
they  put  out  as  foon  as  taken,  and  devour 
them ;  and  fo  many  other  things  which 
would  turn  a  Spaniard's  (lomach.  In  thcfe 
employments  they  fpent  feveral  ieafons  of 
the  year,  fometimes  in  one  ifland,  and 
fomecimes  in  another,  like  people  that 
weary  of  one  fort  of  diet,  change  for  an- 
other. In  one  of  thefe  iflands  with  their 
fwords  they  killed  a  creature  that  looked 
like  a  wild  boar  1  in  the  fea  they  found 
fome  mother  of  pearl,  and  among  many 
other  forts  of  filh  they  drew  up  in  the 
net,  one  was  like  a  fwine,  with  a  very 
hard  (kin,  and  no  part  of  it  foft  but  the 
tail.  They  obferved  the  fea  ebb'd,  and 
flowed  much  more  than  in  any  of  the  other 
parts  they  had  feen  thereabouts,  which  the 
admiral  attributed  to  the  many  iflands, 
and  the  tide  was  contrary  to  what  it  is  in 
Spain,  which  he  concluded  fo  to  be,  be- 
caufe  there  it  was  low  water  when  the  moon 
was  Icuth  fouth-weft. 

On  funday  the  i8th  of  November,  he 
returned  to  Puerto  del  Principe,  or  the 
prince's  port,  and  at  the  mouth  of  it  creel- 
ed a  crofs  made  of  two  large  pieces  of 
wood :  Monday  the  19th,  he  made  towards 
Hifpaniola,  which  fome  called  Bohio,  and 
others  Babeqiie,  yet  as  it  afterwards  ap- 
peared Babeque  was  not  Hifpaniola,  but  the 
continent,  lor  they  called  it  by  another 
name  Caribana.  By  reafon  of  the  contnry 
winds  he  fpent  three  or  four  days  cruifing 
about  the  ifland  Ifabda,  but  did  not  go 
up  to  It,  for  fear  the  Indians  he  had  taken 
fliould  flip  away,  and  here  they  found 
fome  of  the  weeds  they  had  met  with  in 
tlie  ocean,  and  perceived  it  was  carried 
away  by  the  currents.  Martin  Jlonzo  Pin- 
zon underltanding  the  Indians  faid  there 
was  much  gold  at  Bobio,  and  coveting  to 
enrich  himfelf,  left  the  admiral  on  fp'enejday 
the  2 1  It  of  November,  without  any  (Irefs 
of  weather,  or  other  lawful  caufe,  and  his 
fliip  being  a  good  fiilor  got  forcmoll,  till 
at  night  he  quite  difappeared.  The  name 
of  Bohio  the  Indians  gave  to  Hifpaniola 
feemed  to  denote  it  was  full  of  many  Ba- 
bios,  which  are  their  houfcs  or  huts.  The 
admiral  perceived  that  notwithftanding  he 
had  made  fo  many  fignals,  Alartin  Alonjb 
did  not  appear,  returned  to  Cuba,  with 
tlie  other  two  fliips,  the  wind  being  con- 
trary, to  a  large  and  fate  harbour,  which 
he  called  Santa  Catatina,  or  St.  Catherines, 

that 


Chap.  io. 


America  hy  the  Europeans. 


dop 


that  day  being  the  faid  faint's  eve.  Here 
he  took  in  wood  and  water;  faw  feme 
iloncs  that  had  veins  like  gold ;  on  the 
Ihore  there  were  tail  pines,  fit  for  marts 
of  fliipsj  and  feeing  all  the  Indians  di- 
reded  him  to  Hifpaniola,  he  failed  along 
the  coaft  12  leagues  farther,  where  he 
found  good  fpacious  harbours,  and  among 
tlicm  a  river,  up  whofe  mouth  a  galley 
might  conveniently  pafs,  and  yet  the  en- 
trance was  not  difcernible  till  near  at  hand, 
the  convenicncy  whereof  invited  him  to 
go  up  the  boat's  length,  and  found  8  fa- 
thom water,  and  running  up  farther  drawn 
along  by  the  clearnefs  of  the  water,  the 
beauty  of  the  trees,  the  pleafantnefs  of 
the  banks,  and  the  variety  of  birds,  he 
faw  a  boat  with  twelve  feats  for  men  to 
row,  under  an  arbour,  and  in  fome  houfes 
dole  by  they  found  a  mafs  of  wax,  and 
a  man's  head  hanging  in  a  ba(kct  at  a  poft, 
wiiich  wax  they  carried  to  their  catholick 
mijeftics,  but  never  any  more  was  found 
in  Cuba.,  fo  that  it  was  fuppofcd  to  have 
been  brought  from  I'ucalan  by  ftrefs  of 
weather,  in  a  canoe,  or  otherwife.  They 
found  no  people  to  enquire  of,  for  they  all 
fled,  but  fiw  another  canoe  95  fpans  long, 
which  could  contain  fifty  perlbns,  made  of 
one  tree,  like  the  others,  and  tlio'  they  had 
no  iron  tools  to  work  them  with,  thofe 
they  made  of  flint  ferved,  the  trees  being 
very  large,  and  the  heart  of  them  foft 
and  Ipungy,  fo  that  the  flints  eafily  made 
imprelRon  on  them. 

The  admiral  having  failed  107  leagues 
to  the  caltward,  along  the  coatt  of  Cuba, 
came  to  the  eaftermoft  point  of  it,  and 
departed  thence  on  the  5th  of  December, 
for  Hifpaniola,  being  a  pallige  of  1 8  leagues 
eaftward,  yet  could  not  reach  it  till  the 
next  day  by  reafon  of  the  currents,  when 
he  came  to  the  port  he  called  St.  Nicholas, 
bccaufe  it  was  that  Saint's  day,  and  found 
it  good,  fpacious,  deep,  furrounded  with 
thick  groves,  tho'  the  land  is  mountainous, 
the  trees  not  very  large,  and  like  thole  in 
Spain;  tiiere  being  pine,  and  myrtle,  and 
a  pleafant  river  kll  into  the  port,  and 
along  the  banks  ot  it  were  many  Canoes, 
as  big  as  brigancines  of  twenty  five  benches. 


However  finding  no  people,  he  went  on;  Herrera 
to  the  northward,  as  far  as  the  port  he^*''VNJ 
called  of  the  Conception,  fouth  of  a  fmall 
ifland  he  named  Tortuga,  10  leagues  from 
Hifpaniola.  Perceiving  that  this  ifland  of 
Bobio  was  very  large,  and  the  land  and 
trees  like  thofe  of  Spain,  and  that  in  one 
draught  of  a  net,  among  other  fifh,  his 
men  had  taken  (kates,  foles,  and  other 
fifhcs  known  to  the  Spaniards,  which  they 
had  not  feeii  before,  and  had  heard  night- 
ingales, and  other  Eiiropiin  birds  fing, 
which  they  admired,  in  December,  he  called 
it  la  Efpaniiola,  that  is,  th>;  Spanijh  ifland, 
which  we  corruptly  write  and  pronounce 
Hifpaniola ;  becaufe  the  firft  was  called 
San  Salvador,  or  St.  Saviour,  in  honour  of 
God  !  the  2d  the  Conception,  in  honour  of 
our  lady,  the  3d  I'ernandina,  the  4th  37^- 
bella  i  and  the  5th  Joanna  from  the  king, 
queen,  and  prince,  and  therefore  the  name 
of  Spain  was  thought  fit  to  be  given  ro 
the  6th,  tho'  fome  laid,  it  might  be  more 
properly  called  Caftellana,  that  is  the  Caf- 
tilian  ifland,  bccaufe  only  the  crown  of 
Cajltle  was  concerned  in  that  difcovery. 
The  Indians  he  had  with  him  giving  a 
good  account  of  that  place,  which  he  Was 
defirous  to  be  certified  of,  and  to  know 
whether  it  was  fo  wealthy  as  they  repre- 
fented,  and  the  natives  flying,  and  giving 
one  another  notice  with  fires ;  he  relolved 
to  fend  out  fix  armed  Spaniards,  who 
having  gone  far,  without  meeting  any 
people,  returned,  telling  wonders  of  thede- 
licioufnefs  of  the  country.  He  ordered 
a  crofs  to  be  erefted  at  the  mouth  of  the 
harbour,  on  the  weft-fide,  and  three  fea- 
men  being  in  a  wood  viewing  the  trees, 
to  make  it,  rhey  law  abundance  of  naked 
people,  who  fled,  as  foon  as  they  difco- 
vered  tlicm,  into  the  thickell  parts.  The 
failors  purfued,  and  took  a  woman,  who 
had  a  little  plate  of  gold  hanging  at  her 
nofe.  The  admiral  gave  her  hawklbels, 
and  glafs  beads,  ordered  a  fliirt  to  be  put 
upon  her,  and  fent  her  away  with  three 
of  the  Indians  he  brought  with  him,  who 
underrtoodhcr,  and  three  Spaniards  to  bear 
her  company  to  her  habitation. 


C  H  A  P.    X. 

Vje  farther  Vtjiovery  of  the  Ifland  Hifpaniola,  Simplicity  of  the  Natives,  kind 
Reception  of  the  Cacique  Guacaiiagari.  the  Admiral  lofes  his  Ship,  and  re- 
fblves  to  fettle  a  Colony  m  this  Country. 

'  H  L".  next  day  he  lent  nine  Spaniards     who  called,  and  faid  fo  much  in  praifc  ot 

the  Spaniards,  that  they  returned,  and 
quaking  with  wonder  laid  their  hands  on 
their  heads,  by  way  of  honour  and  rc- 
fpedt,  giving  them  to  eat,  and  defiring 
they  would  iVay  with  them  that  night. 
Abundance  of  people  now  flocked  toge- 
7  Ci.  ther. 


T' 


well  armed,  with  an  Indian  of  the 
ifland  of  S.in  Sr.lvador,  to  the  woman's 
habitation,  whicii  was  4  leagues  to  the 
fouth  caft.  They  found  a  town  of  1000 
fcartcred  houiirs,  anddclert,  the  inhabitants 
being  fled.  The  Indian  was  fent  after  them, 
Vol.  \. 


;'■■,;;.') 


^' :  m 


I  ;;i 


6io 


Ohjervations  and  Dljcoveries  of 


r 


!; 


mn 


»!!!■ 


M 


Ml 


HiKRiRA  ther,    carrying  the  woman    the  admiral 
^yy^f  had  given  the  fliirt  to  on  their  Ihuulders, 
and  her  hufband,  who  was  going  to  give 
him  thanks.     Tht  Spaniards  returned  with 
an  account,   that  the  country  abounded 
in  provifions,  that  the  natives  were  whitei , 
more  traftable,   and  better  countenanced 
than  thofe  of  the  other  iflands,  and  tliat  the 
country  where  the  gold  was   found  lay 
more  on  the  eaftward ;    befides  that  the 
men  were  not  fo  large,  yet  brawny,  and 
well  let,  without  beards,  their  noftrils  wide, 
their  foreheads  fmooth,   broad,  and  no- 
thing graceful,  which  were  fo  fliaped,  as 
foon  as  they  were  born,  as  a  Beauty ;  for 
which  reafon,    and  becaufe  they  always 
were  bareheaded,  their  fculs  were  fo  hard 
that  they  might  break  a  Spanijh  fword. 
Here  the  admiral  obferved  the  length  of 
the  day  and  night,  and  found  that  twenty 
half  hour  glafles  were  run  between  fun 
and  fun ;  but  he  believed  there  had  been 
fome  miftake,  through  the  negligence  of 
the  failors,  and  that  the  day  was  fomewhat 
above  eleven  hours.     Having  learnt  tlius 
much,    tho'  the  wind   was  contrary,    he 
refolved  to  leave  that  place,   and  palTing 
between  Hifpaniola,  and  Toriiiga,  found  an 
Indian  in  a  canoe,  and  wondered  that  the 
fea  running  fo  high,   had  not  fwallowed 
him    up.     He  took  him  and  his  canoe 
into  the  fhip,   and  fet  him  alhore,   with 
fome  toys,  who  fo  highly  commended  the 
Spaniards,  that  manyreforted  tothcfliips; 
but  they  only  brought  fome  fmall  grains 
of  fine  gold  hanging  at  their  nofes,  which 
they  freely  parted  with.     Being    alked, 
where  that  gold  was  found,   they  made 
figns  that  there  was  plenty  of  it  farther 
on.     The  admiral  enquiring  after  his  ifland 
of  Cipango,   they  thought  he  had  meant 
Cibao,  and  pointed   to  it,  being  the  place 
that  afforded  mod  gold  in  that  ifland. 

The  admiral  was  informed,  that  the 
lord  of  that  part  of  the  country,  whom 
they  called  a  Cacique,  was  coming,  attend- 
ed by  ^:o  men,  to  fee  the  fhips  ;  and  tho' 
young,  he  was  carried  in  a  chair,  on  men's 
flioulders,  and  had  a  governor,  and  coun- 
feliors.  When  he  came  near  it  was  ob- 
ferved that  they  paid  him  wonderful  re- 
ipect,  and  he  was  extraordinary  grave. 
An  Indian  of  the  ifland  Ifabela  went  alhore, 
and  fpoke  to  him,  telling  him  the Spaniiiids 
were  he.ivenly  men.  He  went  aboard, 
and  luing  come  to  the  poop,  made  figns 
tor  thofe  that  attended  him  to  ftay  behind, 
except  two  men  of  riper  years,  who  fate 
down  at  his  feet,  being  his  counfellors. 
I'lic  admiral  ordered  they  fhould  give 
iiiin  to  eat,  he  took  a  little  of  every  Ibrt, 
wliicli  he  tailed,  then  gave  it  to  the  other 
two,  and  from  them  it  was  carried  out 
to  tiie  refti   but  when  they  gave  him  to 


The    Ca 

cique 

comes 

abo.ird. 


drink  he  only  touched  it  with  his  lips. 
They  all  oblerved  much  gravity,  fpokc 
little,  his  men  looked  upon  his  mouth, 
and  nl!  ':d  to  him.  The  admiral  thought 
thefe  people  more  rational  than  thofe  of 
the  other  iflands,  and  it  growing  late  the 
petty  king,  or  Cacique  went  alhore. 

The  next  day,  tho'  the  wind  was  con- 
trary, and  blew  hard ,  the  fca  did  not  run 
high,  becaufe  Iheltered  by  the  ifland  Tor- 
tuga,  and  fome  feamen  went  a  fifliing, 
with  whom  the  Indians  were  much  pleafed. 
Some  men  went  to  the  town,  and  barter'd 
with  glafs  beads  for  fmall  plates  of  gold, 
which  much  pleafed  the  admiral,  that  their 
majefties  might  fee  he  had  found  gold  in 
his  difcovery,  and  that  his  promifes  were 
not  vain.  The  king,  in  the  afternoon, 
came  down  again  to  the  Ihore,  and  at  the 
fame  time  a  canoe,  from  the  ifland  Toiiu- 
ga,  with  forty  men  in  it,  to  fee  the  Spa- 
niards, at  which  the  Cacique  fcemed  to 
take  olfence;  but  all  tiic  natives  of  ilifpa- 
niola  fat  down  on  t"  ground,  in  token 
of  peace,  and  thofe  in  the  canoe  landed  -, 
but  the  king  flood  up,  and  threatned  thc:n, 
whereupon  they  went  ofl^  again,  and  ho 
threw  water,  .and  fome  Hones  at  them  to 
Ihew  his  anger,  and  give  the  .admiral's 
Jlguazil  a  ftone  to  throw  at  them,  which 
he  did  not,  but  fmiled.  They  in  the  ca- 
noe returned  very  fubmilTively  to  Tortiiga, 
and  the  admiral  ufed  all  means  to  find  out 
that  place,  where  they  laid,  there  was  fo 
much  gold.  This  day,  in  honour  of  the 
feall  of  the  Conception,  the  admiral  ordered 
the  Ihips  to  be  adorn'd,  hoifling  the  co- 
lours and  ftreamers,  arming  the  men, 
and  firing  the  cannon.  The  king  came 
aboard,  when  the  admiral  was  at  dinner, 
and  fat  down  by  him,  without  futfering 
him  to  rife,  the  refpeft  thofe  naked  peo- 
ple paid  to  their  fovereign  being  very  re- 
markable. He  invited  him  to  eat,  and 
the  Cacique  took  the  meat  as  he  had  done  P-^'  onJ 
the  time  before;  and  after  dinner,  they '^"'""'"' 
laid  before  the  admiral  a  gold  girdle,  which  "hc"(,v 
looked  like  thofe  they  ufe  in  Spain,  but  the  ,.^ue  i- 
workmanlhipwasdilferent,  and  fome  gold  l^^JfJ- 
plates.  The  admiral  gave  the  king  an 
old  piece  of  hanging  that  was  before  his 
bed,  becaufe  he  perceived  it  pleafed  him, 
and  fome  amber  bcadi  he  had  about  his 
neck,  a  pair  of  red  flioes,  and  a  bottle  of 
orange  flower  water,  which  pleafed  him 
highly.  He  and  his  men  feemed  much 
concerned  that  they  could  not  underfland 
one  another,  and  ofl'ered  all  the  country 
afforded.  The  admiral  Ihevved  him  a  piece 
of  SpaniJIj  coin,  bearing  the  head.s  of  their 
catholick  majeflics,  which  he  admired,  as 
alfo  the  colours,  with  the  crofles,  and 
royal  arms.  Then  he  returned  afliorc,  the 
admiral  having  done  him  much  honour, 

and 


Chap.  io.  America  hy  the  Europeans. 


6i\ 


and  was  carried  back  to  his  town  in  th^ 
chair,  or  bier.  There  was  alfo  a  Ion  of 
his,  attended  by  abundance  of  people,  and 
before  him  they  carried  the  things  tlie  ad- 
miral had  given  him,  held  up  fingly  on 
high,  that  they  might  be  fcen  by  all  men. 
Next  a  brother  of  the  king's  went  aboard, 
whom  the  admiral  treated,  and  fliewed 
much  refpeft  to,  and  the  next  day  he  order'd 
a  crofs  to  be  ereded  in  the  fquare  belong- 
ing to  the  town  near  the  fea,  which  the 
Indians  paid  refpeft  to,  as  they  faw  the 
Chriftians  did,  for  the  town  the  king  lived 
in,  was  4  leagues  off. 

On  tuefday  night,  the  admiral  being  dc- 
firous  to  difcover  fome  of  the  fecrets  of 
that  country,  hoiiled  fail,  yet  could  not 
in  all  wednefday  the  19th  get  out  of  that 
little  channel,  between  the  two  iflands, 
or  reach  a  port  there  was  in  it.  Hi;  faw 
abundance  of  woods  and  mountains,  and 
a  fmall  ifland  he  called  St.  Thomas,  judged 
tliat  the  ifland  Hifpaniola  had  many  capes 
and  ports,  found  the  weather  very  delight- 
ful, and  the  land  pleafant.  Thurfday  the 
20th  he  put  into  a  port,  betwixt  the  little 
ifland  of  St.  Thomas,  and  a  cape.  They 
faw  feveral  towns,  and  many  fires,  or  fmokes, 
for  the  feafoti  beint;;  dry,  and  the  grafs 
growing  high,  they  Larnt  it  to  make  ways, 
becaufe  being  naked  it  would  hurt  them, 
as  alfo  to  catch  the  Utias,  which  they  did 
by  means  of  the  fire.  The  admir.d  went 
with  the  boats  into  the  harbour,  and  hav- 
ing taken  a  view,  fiid  it  was  a  very  good 
one.  They  faw  fome  huJians,  who  were 
fhy  of  the  Spaniards,  but  thofe  who  came 
in  the  fliips,  bid  them  not  to  fear,  and 
then  there  flocked  luch  multitudes  of  men, 
women,  and  children,  that  they  covered 
the  fiiore.  They  brought  viftuals,  gourds 
full  of  water,  and  good  bread  made  of 
Ma^z,  or  Indian  v/heat;  nor  did  they  hide 
the  women,  as  in  other  places,  but  all 
flood  in  admiration  to  behold  the  Spani- 
ards, and  praifed  God.  They  were  a 
whiter  people,  more  cleverly  fliaped,  bet- 
ter natured,  and  more  generous,  and  the 
admiral  took  much  care  that  no  offence 
lliould  be  g  /en  them.  He  fcnt  fix  men 
to  ice  the  town,  where  they  were  enter- 
tained like  pcrfons  that  came  from  heaven. 
At  this  time  came  fome  canoes,  with  In- 
dians, from  a  petty  king,  who  defired  the 
admiral  to  come  to  l.is  town,  and  expefted 
him  with  abundance  of  people,  on  a  point 
ot  land.  He  went  witl:  ci.e  boats,  tho* 
many  intreated  him  to  v  with  them.  As 
foon  as  the  boats  arriv  'he  king  fent 
the  Spaniards  \>rov\(ioT\i,  ana  finding  they 
received  them,  the  Indians  went  to  fetch 
more,  and  fome  parrots.  The  admiral  gave 
them  hawkibels  and  glafs,  and  other  toys, 
and  returned   to   his    fliips,    the  women 


and  children  crying  out  to  him  to  flay.  Horrera 
He  ordered  meat  to  be  given  to  Ibme  ■wOP>-' 
that  followed  him  in  canoes,  and  others 
that  fwam  half  a  league  to  the  caravels, 
and  tho'  the  fliore  was  covered. with  jko- 
ple,  abundance  were  feen  going  and  com- 
ing to  and  from  the  fliips,  acrofs  a  great 
plain,  which  was  afterwards  called  la  yt'ga 
Real,  or  the  royal  plain.  The  admiral 
again  commended  that  port,  and  gave  it 
the  name  of  St.  Thomas  becaufe  difcover'd 
on  his  day. 

On  faturday  the  2zd,  he  defigned  to  goKingC*a- 
fcek  out  thofe  iflands  where  the  Indians  "'".?'"■' 
(iiid  there  was  much  gold,  but  was  hinder'd  thcadnii- 
by  the  weather,  and  thertfore  fent  out  the  ral. 
boats  a  fifliing.  Soon  afte.-  came  a  man 
from  king  Guacanagari  to  defire  he  would 
go  into  his  country,  and  he  would  give 
him  all  he  had,  being  one  of  the  five 
fovcreigns  of  the  ifland,  and  maftcr  of 
moft  of  the  northern  fide,  on  which  the 
admiral  then  was.  He  fent  him  a  girdle 
he  wore  inftead  of  a  purfe,  and  a  '/.ard 
mafli,  with  ears,  a  tongue,  and  nol. ,  !1 
of  beaten  gold.  The  girdle  \v;is  all  let 
with  fmall  fifl:  bones,  like  ilcd  pearl,  cu- 
rioufly  wrought,  and  tour  fingers  L,  ,:J. 
he  relblved  to  depart  on  the  23d,  but  u  lb 
fent  fi;:  Spaniards,  with  the  notary,  to 
pleafe  others,  who  were  no  lefs  defirous  to 
fee  them.  They  were  well  treated,  and 
bartered  for  fome  cotton,  and  grains  of 
gold.  Above  1 20  canoes  came  to  the  fliips 
with  provifion,  and  earthen  pitchers  of 
good  water,  well  made,  and  painted  red, 
and  giving  their  fort  of  fpice,  called  Axi, 
which  they  put  into  diflies  of  water,  and 
drank  it  off,  fliewing  it  was  wholfome. 
The  bad  weather  detaining  the  admiral, 
he  fent  the  notary  to  latisfy  king  Guaca- 
nagari, and  two  oi  \\\%  Indians  to  a  town, 
to  fee  whether  there  w.is  any  gold,  be- 
caufe having  got  fome  lonfiilerable  quan- 
tity of  late  days,  he  believed  there  was 
plenty.  It  w.as  certainly  concluded,  that 
no  lels  than  1000  men  came  into  the  fliips 
this  day,  every  one  of  whom  gave  fome- 
tiiing,  and  thofe  who  came  not  aboard 
from  their  canoes  cried  out  to  them  to  take 
what  they  brouglu.  The  admiral  by  what 
he  hatl  feen  till  then,  gucfled  the  ifland 
to  be  as  big  as  England.  The  notary  went 
to  Guaianagari,  who  came  out  to  ineet 
him  ;  he  thought  his  town  more  regular 
than  any  of  tlie  others  he  had  feen.  All 
the  natives  gazetl  on  the  Spaniards  with 
furprize,  and  I'atisfadtion.  The  king  gave 
them  cotton  cloths,  parrot:;,  and  Ibme 
pieces  of  gold ;  the  people  parted  witii 
fuch  as  they  \\-xd;  and  kept  tiie  trifli's  the 
Spaniards  gave  them  like  relicks,  and  fo 
the  notary  and  his  companions  return. J 
to  the  fliips,  attended  by  the  Indians.  IVlon- 
4  ^^7 


;iii  1 


.  •■  :'a; 


I-/ 


6 12 


Objervations  and  Dijcoveries  of 


M 


fil  loCe 
his  (liij- 


llE.RERAil.iy  the  24th  the  admir.il  went  tovifit  king 
^"^''^'^ Guacanagari,  who  was  tour  or  five  leagues 
from  the  port  of  St.  Thomas,  and  there  he 
diverted  hiinfelf,  till  feeing  the  fea  calm, 
he  went  to  bed,  for  he  had  not  flept  in 
two  days  and  a  night.  The  weather  be- 
ing calm,  tl.':  fteerfman  left  the  helm  to 
a  grummet,  notwithftanding  the  admiral 
had  commanded,  that  whether  the  wind 
blew  or  not,  he  who  was  entruftcd  with 
the  helm,  fhould  never  leave  it  to  another. 
The  truth  is,  there  appeared  no  danger 
of  flioals,  or  rocks,  for  on  funday,  when 
the  boats  attendeii  the  notary  to  the  Ca 
ciqiii,  they  had  founded  all  the  coaf-,  and 
what  rorks  there  were  tiom  the  point  to 
the  eafl:  fouth  ead,  for  three  leap;u;'s,  and 
had  obfervcti  which  way  they  might  pafs ; 
and  therefore  beirig  now  in  a  dead  cilm, 
they  all  went  to  deep,  ami  it  happened  iliai 
the  current  carried  on  the  lliip  by  degrees, 
with  fuch  a  mighty  noife,  that  it  might 
be  heard  a  league  off,  wlicn  the  Lul,  who 
was  at  the  helin,  perceiving  the  rudder 
to  ftrike,  cried  out. 
Theadmi-  The  admiral  hearing  him,  was  th.c  full 
that  got  uj).  then  came  ilic  mailer,  wholj 
watch  that  was,  whom  he  diredled,  fince 
the  boat  was  out,  to  heave  out  an  anchor 
a  ftern,  that  fo  by  hclji  of  the  capllain 
they  might  work  otF  the  Mp  \  but  when 
he  thought  they  had  been  executing  his  or- 
ders, he  pcrceiv'd  that  fomc  of  the  men 
were  flying  in  the  boat  to  the  other  cara- 
vel, which  was  half  a  league  to  windward. 
Perceiving  that  the  water  ebbed,  and  the 
veflcl  was  in  danger,  he  onler'il  the  mail- 
to  be  cut  by  the  board,  and  many  things 
cafl  into  the  lh\,  to  get  her  olf;  but  no- 
thing would  do,  for  the  water  fdling  ofl' 
amain,  the  fhip  every  moment  Ihick  falter, 
and  lyingathwart  thefea,  tho'  it  was  calm, 
the  feams  of  her  ojien'd,  Ihe  heel'd  to  one 
fide  fprung  a  leak  below,  and  was  fillM 
with  water,  and  had  the  wind  or  fea  been 
rough,  no  man  had  efcap'd  ;  whereas  had 
the  mailer  done  what  the  admiral  ordcr'd, 
the  fhip  had  been  laved.  The  boat  came 
back  to  their  relief,  for  they  in  the  nher 
caravel  feeing  how  the  matter  Hood,  dii.1 
not  only  rclule  to  receive  them,  but  v.'erc 
coming  with  it  to  help  ;  but  there  being 
no  remedy,  order  was  taken  to  lave  the 
men,  to  which  purpofe  the  admiral  fent 
Jdmcf  til'  /Irnini,  and  Peter  Gulienez  aHiorr-, 
to  tell  the  (Cacique  that  lie  hatl  loll  his  fhip 
at  a  league  and  a  half  from  his  town,  as 
he  was  going  to  Ice  him.  Guacanagari  flied 
tears  forlbrrow,  and  immediately  lent  out 
his  Canoes,  which  in  a  moment  carried  olf 
all  there  was  u[X)n  the  deck,  he  coming 
with  hi^  brothers,  and  taking  great  care, 
thar  nothing  fliould  be  touchVl ;  for  he 
ilay'd  himfelf  to  kcurc  the  goods,  and  lent 
.1 


to  bid  the  admiral  not  be  conrcrn'd,  for  he 
would  give  him  all  he  had,  and  the  goods 
were  carried  to  two  houfcs  he  appointed 
for  laying  of  them  up.  The  Indians  af- 
lilled  with  fo  much  diligence,  and  good 
will,  tl>u  nothing  more  could  have  been 
done,  had  they  been  in  Spain  ;  for  the  peo- 
ple were  peaceable  and  loving,  their  lan- 
guage eafy  to  pronounce  and  learn  ;  tho' 
naked  they  had  fomc  commendable  cuf- 
toms,  the  king  was  ferv'd  in  great  tlate, 
was  himfelf  very  flcady  in  all  points,  and 
the  people  were  fo  curious  in  a*':ing  quef- 
.  ins,  that  they  would  know  reafons  for 
every  thing  they  law.  They  knelt  xlown  ' 
at  prayers,  as  well  ,is  the  Span't.irds,  and  it 
dill  not  app.-.ir  at  that  lime,  that  they  iud 
any  other  ri-ligion,  but  worfliipping  of 
he.iven,  the  fun,  .iiid  moon. 

Wedneliiay  the  ibiU  uf  Daewhc);  Ciuca-a.ncar-,- 
i:.j;jr:  v.Trir  aboard  the  caravel  Ninn.i,  where a'.'h  ,-,«. 
ilie  admiral  w.ts,  very  mucli  alllicled  for'" '''''■•'''= 
the  lols  of  his  Iliip  ;  he  comforted  him,  of-'"'""'''- 
firing  all  he  had.  Two  Indiar.i  of  ano- 
tlier  town  came  with  gol  1  pl.ites,  to  e,\- 
charige  for  hnvklhels,  wiiich  they  mollva- 
lu'd,  and  the  admiral  was  well  provided 
with  fuch  toys,  knowing  by  t\vz  Poi tngiiefes 
how  beneficial  they  were  in  Guinea.  J'hc 
llanien  alio  laid,  that  others  brought  gold, 
and  gave  it  for  ribbons,  and  other  trifles. 
Guacanagari  perceiving  that  the  adniiral 
valu'd  it,  'old  him,  he  wouid  have  fome 
brought  from  Cil^ao.  Then  going  afliore, 
he  invited  the  admiral  to  eit  y/.vi  and  Ca- 
Ziibi,  which  was  their  chief  diet,  and  give 
him  fome  vizor-masks  with  ears,  notes, 
and  eyes  all  of  gold,  betides  other  fmall 
things  they  wore  about  their  necks,  and 
complain'd  much  of  the  Cmhbecs,  who 
carry'd  away  his  tiibjecfls,  and  that  was  the 
rcafon  why  he  fleil  at  firll,  believing  that 
the  Spaniards  were  Carihhees  ["Khcm  ive  ;all 
Canibals,  or  Manetters  nf  the  Ciribbcc 
IJJands.  ]  The  admiral  Ihcw'd  him  his 
wcapon.s,  and  a  Titrl-iJ/j  bow,  with  which 
a  Spanhird  fliot  very  well,  promifing  to 
defend  iiim ;  but  he  was  moit  frighted  at 
[lie  canon,  (or  when  that  fir'd,  all  the  Indians 
fell  down,  as  if  they  were  dead.  The  ad- 
miral finding  all  people  lo  loving,  fo  m.;- 
ny  tokens  of  gold,  and  the  country  fo 
fruitful  and  pLalant,  concluded  that  (joo 
had  jjcrmitted  the  fhip  to  be  loft,  that .-. 
fettlemcni  inight  be  made  there,  ar  .1  the 
jjrcaching  of  his  holy  name  begin  in  that 
place  ;  for  he  often  permits  that  this  fliouki 
not  be  done  merely  tor  his  honour,  and 
the  advantage  of  our  neighbours,  hut  for 
the  reward  men  expedl  in  this  world,  and 
in  the  next  ;  lor  it  is  not  lo  be  helicv'd 
that  any  nation  in  the  world  would  venture 
upon  fo  many  hardfhips  as  the  admiral  and 
the  Spaniards  tliJ,    in  to  dubious  and  dan- 


Chap,  ii^ 


America  hy  the  Europeans; 


613 


Pleafant 
fimplicity 
of  >n  /«• 

iitn. 


gerous  an  undertaking,  were  it  not  in  hopes 
of  fome  reward,  which  has  carry'd  on  this 
holy  work.  The  Indians  went  forwards 
and  backwards  for  hawklbels,  which  was 
the  thing  they  moft  valued,  and  as  foon  as 
they  came  near  the  caravel,  they  held  up 
the  pieces  of  gold,  crying,  Chuque,  Chuque, 
fignifying.  Take  and  give  the  bell.  An 
Indian  aJhorc  came  witn  a  piece  of  gold, 
weighing  about  half  a  mark  [that  is  four 
ounces]  which  he  held  in  his  left  hand,  and 
ftretch'd  out  the  right,  and  as  foon  as  he 
had  receiv'd  the  bell,  he  dropt  the  gold, 
and  ran  away,  thinking  he  had  cheated 
the  Spaniard. 

The  admiral  refolv'd  to  leave  fome  men 
in  this  country,  to  trade  with  the  Indians. 
make  difcoveries  up  the  land,  and  learn  the 
language,  that  at  his  return  from^oaahe 
might  have  fome  to  direft  him  in  planting 
of  Colonies,  and  fubduing  it,  and  many 
freely  offer'd  themfelves  to  (lay.  He  or- 
dered a  tower  to  be  built,  with  the  timber 
of  the  (hip  that  was  caft  away,  and  by  this 
time  advice  was  brought,  that  the  caravel 


A  cjnoe 
Cent  to 
feek  the 
othe:  c«- 


Pinia  was  in  a  river,   towards  the  eafter'  Hiamii* 
mod  point,  and  Guacanagari  fent  to  get  ^■^v^-' 
certain  information  of  it.    The  admiral 
took  much  care  to  advance  the  ftrufturc, 
and  the  more  becaufe  he  had  daily  fredi 
motives  foto  do  :   in  regard  that  Guacana- 
gari  always  exprefs'd  much  fear  of  theCa- 
ribbees,  to  encourage  him,  and  at  the  fame 
time  give  a  proof  of  the  cifeft  of  the  Spa- 
tiijh  iriiiS,    the  admiral  order'd  a  cannon 
to  be  fir'd  againft  the  fide  of  the  fhip  that 
waj  caft  away,  which  was  pierc'd  through, 
and  the  ball  fell  into  the  water  beyond  it. 
He  IhewM  him  what  execution  our  wea- 
pons would  do,  and  faid,  thofe  he  intend- 
ed to  leave  in  his  cojntry,  fliould  defend 
him  with    them,    becaufe  he  intended  to 
return   into  Spain,    to  bring  jewels,   and 
other  things  to  prefent  him,     Above  all, 
thofe  people  were  fo  fond  of  the  hawklbels, 
that  fome  of  them,    fearing  there  Ihould 
be  none  l^ft,    would  come  to  the  caravel 
over  night,  to  dc-fire  to  have  one  kept  for 
them  till  the  next  morning. 


CHAP.    XI. 

The  Admiral  affeiiionateJy  receiv'd,  builds  a  Fort  in  Kifpaniola,  and  difpofes  all 
"Ihingsjor  his  Return  to  Spain. 


TH  E  admiral  had  font  a  Canoe,  with  a 
Spaniard  ink,  to  find  out  the  caravel 
Pinta,  and  carry  a  letter  to  Martin  Alonfo 
Pinzon,    kindly  defiring   he    would  join 
him  again,   witiiout  taking  notice  of  the 
fault  committed  in  leaving  him  i   but  he 
return'd  with  an  account  that  he  had  gone 
above  twenty  leagues  without  finding  him, 
and  had  he  gone  five  or  fix  farther,  he  had 
not  loft  his  labour.    An  Indian  afterwards 
faid,  he  h'd  two  days  before  feen  the  cara- 
vel at  anchor  in  a  river,   yet  was  not  cre- 
dited, fince  the  others  had  not  met  with 
her,  and  yet  he  fpoke  the  truth  as  it  after- 
wards appeared,  for  he  might  fee  her  from 
fome  high  ground,  and  nude  hafte  to  ttU 
his  lord.     The  failor,   who   went  in   the 
canoe,  faid,  that  twenty  leagues  from  that 
place  he  faw  a  king,   who  had  two  great 
gold  plates  on  his  head,  as  had  fcveral  0- 
thers  who  were  with  him,    which  as  foon 
as  the  Indians  in  the  canoe  fpoke  to  him, 
he  took  off.     The  admiral  fancy'd  that 
Guacanagari   had  forbid   them  all  felling 
any  gold  to  the  Spaniards,   that  it  might 
all  pafs  through  his  own  hands.  The  build- 
ing of  the  fort  was  haftned,    and  to  that 
efteft  Columbus  went  aftiorc,  for  he  always 
lay  aboard  the  caravel.     As  he  went  in 
the  boat  he  thought  he  had  feen  Guacana- 
gari, who  flipp'd  into  his  houfe,    perhaps 
tor  the  more  ftatc,    having  concerted  to 
perform  the  ceremony  he  afterwards  did, 

\OL.    V. 


which  was  fending  his  brother,    who  re- 
ceiv'd the  admiral  with  much  joy  and  ci- 
vility, and  led  him  by  the  hand  to  one  of 
the  houfes  that  were  given  to  the  Chriftians, 
being  the  beft  and  biggeft  in  the  town. 
There  they  had  prepar'd  him  a  place  to  Reception 
fit  in  adorn'd  with  the  inner  rhinds  or  films  °{ '^=  ^^' 
of  palm-trees,  which  areas  large  as  a  great "" 
calf's  skin,  and  almoft  of  that  fhape,  ve- 
ry clean  and  cool,  and  one  of  them  covers 
a  man,    and  keeps  the  rain  off  him,  as  if 
he  had  a  calPs  or  cow's  skin  over  him, 
and  they  ferve  for  many  ufes,  being  by  the 
Indians  call'd  Taguas. 

They  feated  the  admiral  on  a  chair,  with 
a  low  back  to  it,  as  the  Indians  ufed,  being 
very  handfome,  fmooth,  and  ftiining,  as 
if  they  had  been  of  jet.  As  foon  as  he 
was  feated  the  brother  gave  notice  to  the 
king,  who  came  prefently,  put  a  great 
plate  of  gold  about  his  neck,  with  much 
latisfadlion,  and  ftay'd  with  him  till  it  grew 
late,  when  the  admiral  return'd  to  lye  a- 
board  his  caravel.  He  had  many  motives 
for  fetling  a  colony  in  this  place  i  the  chief 
whereof  were,  that  when  it  was  known  in 
Spain,  that  fome  men  were  left  there,  others 
might  be  inclinable  to  go  over ;  and  oe- 
caufe  the  one  caravel  he  had  left  could  not 
conveniently  contain  them  all ;  befides  the 
good  will  he  found  in  thofe  that  were  to 
be  left,  to  which  they  were  much  cncou- 
rag'd  by  the  meeknefi  and  affability  of  the 
7  R  natives  -, 


1.   1M 


t; . 


I 


'-si 


^1 


J* 


i^  ll!i 


6i/\. 


Objervntms  and  Dijcoveries  of 


:\i 


i    1 


i'-!     1 


mm 


Tlic  firll 
fort  or 
town  ill 
the    /,';,//Vj 


HtRRERAnitives ;  as  alfo  for  that,  tho'  he  had  re- 
'■^'VNJ  folvM  to  carry  the  king  fome  of  the  /«- 
tliiuis,  anil  fucli  other  notable  things  as  he 
could  fiiui  in  the  country,  as  a  tcllimony 
of  his  diCcovcry,  it  was  requifite  to  give  a 
reputation  to  tht;  aftion,  that  it  fliould  be 
known  fome  men  had  ftay'd  by  their  own 
conf.'iU  in  thofc  parts. 

Tlic  fort  had  a  ditch,  and  tho*  made  of 
wood,  yet  tiiere  being  men  to  defend  it, 
the  llrength  was  fufficient  againft  the  na- 
c.ilid  the  tiv^s.  It  was  finilh'd  in  ten  days,  an  infi- 
A..7i:./_v.  „ijg  number  of  men  working  at  it,  and 
he  cdlM  it  la  yUta  de  Navidad,  that  is,  the 
town  ot  the  nativity,  becaulc  he  came  in- 
to tii.u  port  on  Chrillmas-d.iy.  The  next 
morning,  being  tiie  29th  of  Dccfinter,  a 
nephew  of  the  king's  very  young  but  in- 
genious, went  aboard  the  caravel,  and  the 
iidmiial  being  flill  eager  to  know  where 
they  h.id  their  gold,  afk'd  every  body  by 
figiis,  and  began  to  underltand  fome  words. 
He  enquir'd  of  this  youth  after  the  mines, 
and  underllood  he  told  him,  that  four  days 
journey  otV  to  the  eaftward,  there  was  an 
ifland  he  call'd  Giiannofx,  and  thofe  of 
ALiiorix,  AIii\ons,  I'ttmay,  Cibao,  and  Co- 
r,iy,  where  there  was  abundance  of  gold. 
Thefe  names  the  admiral  writ  down  im- 
mediately, and  thereby  it  appear'd  that 
he  yet  knew  nothing  of  the  tiuliaii  tongue  1 
for  thofe  were  not  Co  many  iflands,  but  pro- 
vinces in  Hiffaniola,  and  lands  fubjedl  to  fo 
many  kings  or  lords.  Guarinoex  was  the 
king  of  thit  vaft  yega  Real,  or  Royal  Plain, 
above  meiition'd,  one  of  the  wonders  of 
nature  •,  and  tiie  youtii  meant,  diat  the 
province  of  C/7v;o,  abounding  in  gold,  was 
in  the  dominions  of  Guarinoex.  Matorix 
was  another  province,  which  afforded  lit- 
tle gold  -,  and  ilie  other  names  were  other 
jnovincc.-,  fome  letters  being  omitted,  or 
iulded,  becaufe  the  admiral  not  underftand- 
ing,  knew  not  how  to  li^ll  them ;  and 
thuughr  the  king's  brother,  who  was  pre- 
lent,  had  reprov'd  his  nephew,  for  telling 
him  thole  names.  At  night,  the  king  fent 
him  a  great  gold  m.ifk,  defiring  in  return 
a  bafon,  and  a  pot,  or  pi:cher,  which  per- 
hips  were  of  brafs,  or  pewter,  and  were 
immediately  fent  him,  believing  they  were 
for  models  to  make  others  of  gold. 

On  funday  the  50th  of  December,  the 
admiral  went  to  dine  afhorc,  at  fuch  time 
as  five  Cacimes  arriv'd  there,  all  of  them 
fubjfcift  to  king  Cuacaiiagari,  with  gold 
crowns  on  their  heads,  and  much  Itate. 
As  foon  as  lie  landed,  Guacanagari  came 
to  receive,  and  led  him  by  the  arm  to  the 
fame  houle  he  had  been  in  before,  where 
the  place  of  Itate  was  prepar'd  with  chairs. 
He  made  the  admiral  fit  down,  with  much 
courtcfy  and  refpeft,  then  took  off  the 
crown  from  his  own  head,  and  put  it  on 


the  admiral's,  who  took  off  a  firing  of  cu- 
rious glafs  beads,  of  feveral  colours,  m.i- 
king  a  very  fine  fliow,  which  he  had  about 
his  neck,  and  put  it  on  the  king's,  asallij 
a  fine  cloth  loofe  coat,  he  wore  that  day, 
and  put  that  on  him,  then  fent  for  a  pair 
of  colour'd  buikinf,  and  caufed  hirn  to 
draw  them  on;  he  alfoput  upon  his  finger 
a  great  filver  ring,  being  inform'd,  thev 
had  feen  a  feaman  wear  one,  and  did  all 
they  could  to  get  it ;  for  they  put  a  great 
value  upon  any  white  metal,  whether  fil- 
ver, or  pewter.  Thefc  gifts  extremely 
pleafed  the  king,  and  made  him  think  him- 
felf  the  richelt  man  in  the  world.  Two 
of  the  Caciques  attended  the  admiral  to  the 
boat,  and  each  of  them  gave  him  a  great 
plate  of  gold,  which  were  not  caft,  but 
compofed  of  many  grains,  thofe  Indians 
being  ignorant  of  the  art  of  founding,  but 
batter'd  out  the  grains  they  found,  between 
two  ftones. 

The  admiral  went  to  lye  aboard  the  ca- 
ravel, and  found  that  Vinzent  Tanes  Pinzon 
affirm'd  he  had  feen  rhubarb,  and  knew 
its  branches  and  the  root  •,  which,  they  fay, 
flioots  out  little  fprigs  above  the  earth,  the 
fruit  on  it  being  like  green  mulberries,  al- 
moft  withered,  and  the  (talk  near  the  root 
is  a  very  curious  yellon,  the  root  under 
ground  being  like  a  great  pear.  The  admi* 
ral  fent  for  the  rhubarb,  and  they  brought 
him  a  frail  full  .and  no  more,  becaufe  they 
carried  no  fpade  to  dig  it  up,  which  was 
carried  to  their  majefties  for  a  fample,  but 
did  not  prove  to  be  rhubarb.  The  ad- 
miral look'd  upon  that  they  call  Axi  in 
this  idand,  as  good  fpice,  faying  it  was 
better  than  the  pepper,  or  grains  of  para- 
dife  they  bring  from  the  caft,  and  there- 
fore they  imagin'd  there  might  be  other 
forts  of  it. 

The  admiral  being  now  fenfible  of  God's 
blelTuig  in  difcovering  to  him  fo  many, 
and  fuch  happy  nations,  with  fuch  tokens 
of  gold,  which  feem'd  to  promife  inefti- 
mable  wealth  -,  and  thinking  this  an  affair 
of  the  greateft  confequence  he  coveted 
nothing  fo  much  as  to  make  known  to  all 
the  world  how  much  Providence  had 
profper'd  him,  and  particularly  to  their 
catholick  majeflies.  The  fort  being  now 
finilh'd,  he  order'd  to  make  ready  for  their 
return,  taking  in  wood,  water,  and  all 
other  neceffaries.  The  king  order'd  he 
fhould  have  as  much  of  the  country  bread, 
call'd  Cazabi,  as  he  pleafcd  {  as  alfo  Axi^ 
falt-fifh,  and  whatfoevcrelfe  hehad.  Tho* 
he  would  not  willingly  have  return'd  into 
Spain,  without  firftcoafting  all  along  that 
land,  which  he  thought  ran  far  to  the  eaft- 
ward,  that  he  might  difcover  more  of  its 
fecrets,  and  find  out  the  beft  way  to  it, 
for  the  better  bringing  of  bcaftsand  cattle, 

yet 


Chap.  12. 


America  h^  the  Europeans. 


<J.5 


g  It  was 
of  para- 
and  there- 
be  other 


Heurfra  yet  hedurft  not  then  attempt  it,  as  having 
U^'N,'  but  one  caravel,  and  might  therefore  be 
in  danger,  fo  tiiat  it  was  not  rcafonable  to 
venture  farther  on  an  unknown  coaft.  He 
com[ilain'd  grievonlly,  that  Martin  Alonfo 
P'lnzon  had  forfaken,  and  thereby  put  hini 
to  tlicfc  inconvenicncies.  For  to  Itay  in 
the  fort  he  made  choice  of  thirty  nine  men, 
tlvc  moll  willing,  and  freely  difpos'd, 
llrong,  and  of  a  good  conftitution  to  en- 
dure hardfliips,  from  among  all  his  crew, 
appointing  James  de  Arana,  a  native  of 
Cordova,  for  their  captain,  notary,  and 
yj/g/iazil,  with  as  full  power  as  he  had  from 
thiir  catholick  majefties  i  in  cafe  he fliould 
die  Pcler  Gutierrez,  groom  of  the  privy 
chamber  to  their  catholick  majefties  was 
ro  fuccccd  him,  and  after  him  Roderick  de 
Efcovedo,  born  at  Segovia.  He  alio  left 
one  mailer  John,  a  furgeon  among  them, 
and  a  (hip-rarpentcr,  a  cooper,  an  able 
gunner,  well  experienc'd  in  that  bufineft, 
and  a  taylor,  the  felt  being  all  able  lea- 
men  i  furnifhing  them  with  biiket,  wine, 
and  fuch  other  provifions  as  he  had  for  a 
year,  feeds  to  fow,  all  the  commodities 
he  had  to  barter,  being  a  confiderable 
quantity,  all  the  cannon  belonging  to  his 
own  fliip  that  was  loft,  and  her  boat. 

All  things  being  in  a  readinefs  for  his 
departure,  he  call'd  them  all  together,  and 
made  a  fpeech  to  this  effedt.  He  bid  them 
ferve  God  and  pniije  him,  for  that  he  had 
brought  them  into  that  country  to  fropagale 
bis  holy  faith  j  not  to  fcrfake  him,  but  to  live 
like  good  Chrijtians,  and  he  would  be  their 
fuj'port ;  to  pray  for  his  good  voyage,  that  he 
might  foon  return  with  a  greater  force ;  to 
love,  and  obey  their  captain,  which  was  ne- 
ceffaryfor  their  ^refervalwn,  and  be  required 
it  of  them  in  their  highnejfes  names ;  to  refpe^ 


Guacanagarl,  and  wrong  none  of  his  people^ 
or  ,ffer  any  violence  either  to  man  or  woman, 
that  they  might  be  confirm' d  in  the  opinion  of 
their  coming  from  heaven  ;  not  to  divide  ihem- 
felves,  nor  go  up  the  country,  nor  out  of  G\in- 
canagariV  dominions,  fince  he  fhew'd  them, 
fo  much  affeHion  ;  to  furvey  the  coafl  in  their 
boat  and  canoes,  with  his  confent,  endeavour- 
ing to  difcover  the  gold  mines,  and  fome  good 
port,  not  being  well  fatisfied  with  that  wJjerc 
they  were,  call'd  the  Nativity  ;  to  endeavour 
to  barter  for  as  much  as  they  could,  Jairly, 
without  feeming  covetous ;    and  to  learn  the 
language,   that  being  fo  neceffary  to  gain  the 
friendjinp  of  the  natives,   and  very  ufeful ; 
and  he  promis'd,  fmce  they  gave  the  king  the 
firfi  footing  in  that  newfound  empire,  to  beg, 
he  would  be  pleas' d  to  reward  them.     They 
anfwer'd,  They  would  moft  readily  com- 
ply with  all  he  enjoin'd  them.    Onwedr.;f-  An.  i493« 
day  the  2'*  of  January,  1493,   he  went  a- 
(hore  to  take  his  leave,  din'd  with  Guaca- 
nagari,  and  his  Caciques,  recommendef'  to 
him  the  Chriftians,  whom  he  had  order'd 
to  ferve,  and  defend  him  againft  the  Carib- 
lees  i  gave  him  a  very  fine  fliirt,  and  faid 
he  would  foon  return  with  prefents  from 
the  monarchs  of  Spain.    The  king  return'd 
a  courteous  anfwer,   exprelTing  much  for- 
row  for  his  departure.     One  of  the  king's 
fervants  faid,  he  had  fent  canoes  along  the 
coaft  to  feek  for  gold  ;  and  the  admiral  re- 
ply'd.  That  had  not  Martin  Alonfo  Pinxon 
left  him,  he  durft  have  undertaken  to  round 
the  iftand,  and  carry  home  a  ton  of  goldj 
and  ftill  he  would  have  done  it,  did  he  not 
apprehend  that  the  caravel  Piw/o!  might  get 
fafe   into  Spain,    and  inform  againft  him, 
that  fo  the  captain  might  palliate  his  ot- 
fence. 


>'1:li!' 


vay  to  it, 
ind  cattle. 


An.  1403- 

Tiic  .»J- 
miril's 
dcpjrliite 
towJrJi 


CHAP.    XII. 

7he  Admiral  feu  out  in  order  to  return  to  Spain. 


ON  friday  the  4'''  of  January,  1493, 
Columbus  departing  the  port  of  the 
Nativity,  fail'd  to  the  ealtward,  for  a  very 
high  mountain,  bare  of  trees,  but  thick 
of  grals,  and  looking  like  a  pavilion,  or 
tent  i  which  he  call'd  Monte  Chrijio,  or 
Chriji's  Mount,  and  is  eighteen  leagues 
eaft  from  the  cape  he  named  Santo,  or  Ho- 
ly, being  tour  leagues  from  the  port  of 
the  Nativity.  That  night  he  anchor'd  fix 
leagues  from  Afonte  ChriJlo.  Saturday  the 
5'''  of  January  he  advanc'd  to  a  little  ifland 
clofe  by,  where  there  were  good  falt-pits. 
He  enter'd  the  falt-pits,  and  lik'd  the 
country  fo  well,  and  the  beauty  of  the 
woods  and  plains  he  fiw,  that  he  (aid,  that 
muft  be  the  illand  of  Cipango,  and  had  he 
thought  he  had  been  fo  near  the  mines  of 
I 


lud  left 
him. 


Cibao,  whence  fo  much  wealth  was  drawn, 
he  would  have  been  much  more  pofitive. 
Sunday  the  6'^,  he  left  Monte  Chrijlo,  and 
foon  diftover'd  the  caravel.  Pinta,   failing  He  find> 
towards  him,  before  the  wind.     They  a-  the  can- 
greed  to  return  to  Monte  Chrijlo,   where  ^''  '*"' 
Martin  Alonjb  Pinzon  made   his  excufe, 
for  kriving  him  ;  and  tho'  it  was  not  fatis- 
fiflory,  the  admiral  conniv'd,  and  believ'd 
he  had  barter'd  for  much  cold,  and  taken 
the  one  half  for  himfelf,  allowing  the  other 
to  the  failors.     A  great  river  falls  into  this 
port,  which  he  call'd  Rio  de  Oro,  or  River 
of  Gold,    becaufe  the  land  look'd  like 
gold,  and  there  he  water'd.     Wednefday 
the9«'»  he  hoift'd  fail,  came  to  Punta  Roxa, 
or  Red  Point,  which  is  thirty  leagues  eall 
from  Monte  Chrijlo,  and  there  they  took 

torcoifes, 


6i6 


Ohjervations  and  Difcoveries  of 


i'ls 


I'  ' 


'  1 


hi 


I   I 


IIcRREKA  tortoifes,  as  big  as  tucklers,  that  went  to 
^-"^^"^^  laytheireggsaJnorc.  The  admiral  affirm'd 
he  had  thereabouts  feen  three  mermaids, 
which  raifcd  themfelves  high  above  the  wa- 
ter, and  were  not  fo  beautiful  as  they  paint 
them  ;  but  had  fome  fort  of  human  face, 
as  he  had  feen  at  other  times  on  the  coaft 
of  Guinea.  He  proceeded  to  Rio  de  Gra- 
(ite,  or  the  River  of  Grace,  where  Martin 
Alonfo  Pinzon  had  been  trading,  and  was 
always  call'd  by  his  name,  and  there  he 
ordcr'd  four  Indians  the  faid  Martin  Alonfo 
had  taken  by  force,  to  be  left. 

Friday  the  ii«'',  he  fail'd  on  to  a  cape 
he  call'd  Belprado,  whence  there  was  a  pro- 
fpedt  of  a  mountain,  which  looking  like 
filver,  becaufecover'd  withfnow,  he  call'd 
it  Monte  tie  Plata,  or  Mountain  of  Plate, 
and  the  port  at  the  foot  of  it  Puerto  de 
Plata,  that  is.  Port  of  Plate,  being  in 
the  (liape  of  a  horfc-fhoe.  Running  on 
ail  along  the  coaft,  with  the  current, 
and  fair  weather,  ten  leagues  farther,  he 
found  feveral  capes,  which  he  call'd  del 
Angel,  or  the  Angel's  i  la  Punta  del  Terra, 
the  Miftake-Point ;  el  Redondo,  the  Round 
one ;  el  Frances,  the  French  one  j  el  Cabo 
de  buen  Tiempo,  Fair  weather  Cape ;  elTa- 
jado,  the  Upright.  Next  faturday  he  ad- 
vanc'd  thirty  le.igues  fartiier,  admiring  the 
extent  of  theidand,  call'd  one  cape  de  Pa- 
dre y  Hijo,  of  the  Father  and  Son,  a  hd^r- 
bom  Puerto  /aero,  (Iicred  Port,  and  a  point 
of  land  Cabo  de  les  Enamorados,  the  Love's 
Cape.  Coming  up  to  it  he  difcover'd  an 
extraordinary  large  bay,  three  leagues  wide, 
and  in  the  midllof  it  a  fmall  ifland.  There 
he  lay  to  obferve  thj  cclipfe,  which  was 
like  to  be  on  the  17",  the  oppofition  of 
Jupiter  and  the  moon,  and  the  conjundion 
of  the  fun  and  Mercury,  in  oppofition  to 
Jupiter.  He  fent  the  boat  alhore  for  water, 
where  they  found  fome  men,  with  bows  and 
arrows  j  they  bought  a  bow  and  fome  ar- 
rows, and  dcfir'd  one  of  them  to  go  fpeak 
with  the  admiral ;  he  confented,  was  alk'd 
ioTxhtCaribbees,  and  pointed,  tha:  they  were 
to  the  eaftward ;  and  to  the  queflion  about 
gold,  pointed  towards  the  idand  of  St. 
John  de  Puerto  Rico,  faying  there  was  gua- 
nia,  that  is,  pale  gold,  which  the  Indians 
highly  value.  He  gave  him  meat,  and 
two  pieces  of  green  and  red  cloth,  with 
fome  little  glafs  beads,  and  then  fet  him 
alhore.  Five  and  fifty  naked  Indians,  with 
long  hair,  like  women  in  Spain,  great 
plumes  of  feathers,  bows  and  arrows, 
fwords  ni.-ide  of  hard  palm-tree  wood, 
and  heavy  poles,  which  bruifed  grievouf- 
ly  where  they  fell,  lay  in  ainbulh  in  the 
wood.  The  Indian  made  them  lay  down 
their  arms,  tliey  came  to  the  boat,  two  ot 
their  bows  were  bought  by  the  admiral's 
order,  and  they  v.crc  fo  far  from  felling 


any  more,  that  they  prepar'd  to  fci/.e  the 
Spaniards,  for  which  reafon  they  fell  upon 
them,  gave  one  a  great  cut  in  the  buttocks, 
and  another  a  blow  on  the  breaft,  upon 
which  the  reft  fled,  and  they  might  have 
kill'd  many  had  they  purfu'd  them.  This 
was  the  firft  time  any  hoftility  w.is  com- 
mitted on  this  ifland,  betwixt  tncSpaniards 
and  Indians.  The  admiral  was  concern'd  at 
it,  tho'  on  the  other  hand  he  faid  it  pieaf- 
cd  him,  that  they  might  know  what  the 
Chriftians  could  do. 

On  monday  the   14''',  in  the  morning, 
abundance  of  people  appear'd  on  the  fliore, 
Columbus  order'd  the  men  in  the  boat  to 
ftand  upon  their  guard  •,   but  the  Indians 
came  as  if  nothing  had  happened,    and 
among  them  was  the  king  of  that  province, 
and  the  Indian  that  had  been  aboard  the 
caravel,    to  which  that  king  came  with 
three  of  his  men.     The  admiral   ordcr'd 
them  biflcet  and  honey  to  eat,  red  caps, 
bits  of  cloth,  and  beads.     The  next  day  the 
king  fent  his  gold  crown,    and  ftore  of 
provifions,    the  men  that  brought  them 
being  arm'd  with  bows  and  arrows.   *oui 
fuch  underftanding  youths  came  to  the  ca- 
ravel, th;it  Columbus  refolv'd  to  carry  them 
to  Spain.    They  gave  him  an  account  of 
feveral  things,  and  from  thence  Ihew'dhim 
the  ifland  of  St.  John  de  Puerto  Rico.     He 
departed  that  bay,  which  he  nam'd  de  lot 
Flecbos,   or  of  the  arrows,  on  wednefday 
the  16"  of  January,    not  thinking  fit  to 
ftay  any  longer  becaufe  the  caravels  made 
much  water,  failing  on  with  a  weft-north- 
weft  wind,  and  when  he  had  fail'd  fixteecn 
leagues,  the  Indians  he  had  aboard  fliew'd 
him  the  ifland  of  St.  John  de  Puerto  Rico, 
and  the  Caribbtes,   where  the  man-eater* 
liv'd.      Tho'    he   would    willingly  have 
taken  a  view  of  thofe  iflands,  yet  to  fatisfy 
the  men,  the  wind  freftining,  he  order'd  to 
direct  their  courfe  for  Spain.  Sailing  on  for 
fome   tim^:   profperoufly  enough  he  faw 
many  tunny  fifties,    fome  gulls,    and  the 
wind  was  very  drying.      They  met  with 
abundance  of  weeds,  but  being  acquainted 
with  thern  were  not  apprehenfive,  and  kill'd 
a   tunny  fifli,    and  a  large  fliark,    which 
ferv'd  them  to  make  a  good  meal,  for  they 
had  nothing  left  but  bread  and  wine.    The 
caravel  Pinta  could  not  fail  well  upon  a 
bouling,  her  mizen  inaft  being  faulty,  and 
therefore  little  ufe  made  of  it}  and  the  ad- 
miral waiting  for  her,    they  made  little 
way.     Sometimes  when  the  weather  was 
calm,    the  Indians  leap'd  into  the  water, 
fwam   about,    and     diverted    themfelves. 
Having    fail'd   fome    days    upon    feveral 
rumbs,    becaufe  the  wind  was    unfteady, 
Vincent  Tanez  Pinzon,  Sancho  Ruyz,  Pera- 
lonfo  Ninno,  and  Rcldan  the  pilots  kept  ac- 
count of  the  leagues  they  ran,  and  making 

their 


!*• 


Chap. 


13- 


America  hy  the  Europeans. 


6iy 


their  reckoiiinc;,  concluded  themfelves  to 
be  to  tiie  eaftward  of  the  Azotes,  for  they 
-.illowM  more  leagues  than  in  truth  the 
caravels  tiiil'd  }  ib  that  direfting  their 
courle   nortiiward    they  would    not  have 


come  lip  with  the  idandof  5/.  Miry,  which  Hi«n«/i 
is  the  laid  of  tlie  Azores,    but  would  have  '-^  ^^' 
been  five  leagues  from  it,  and  have  come 
up,  near  MaJera,  or  Pita  to  Santo. 


CHAP.    XIII. 

The  Admiral  profcciites  his  voyages,  touches  at  the  Azores,  and  is  driven  by  Stormt 

into  Lisbon. 


T 


'UK  admiral  bcini^  fl^ilful  in  comput- 
ing the  leagues,  tuuiid  150  fhort  of 
the  others,  and  on  tuefiiay  the  12'h  of 
Ffhiiai-y ,  the  fea  began  to  fwell  with 
fierce  and  dangerous  itorms,  lb  liiat  he 
drove  all  the  night  without  any  fail  abo.ird, 
yet  afterwards  let  out  a  fmall  matter.  The 
A  IroiJiul  ii"''!  broke,  and  be.u  tiie  Ihips.  In  the' 
tlurin.  morning  the  wind  llackened  a  little,  but 
on  wednefday  night  grew  llrong  again,  the 
waves  running  lb  high  that  the  fhip  could 
not  work  her  way  out.  The  admiral  bore 
his  mainfail,  without  any  bonnet,  very 
low,  that  it  might  only  carry  the  velTel 
tiirough  the  furges;  but  perceiving  the 
migiity  ilangcr  fullereil  her  to  drive  a  (lern 
before  the  wind,  there  being  no  other  re- 
medy. Then  the  caravel  Pinta  began  to 
run  from  it,  and  vaniflied,  tho'  the  ad- 
miral carrieti  a  light  ail  tiie  night,  and  fhe 
anfwered.  On  thurfday  the  14'''  of  Fn- 
hrnary,  the  llorm  increafed,  as  ditl  the 
fear  of  perilliing,  to  whfch  was  added  the 
concern  of  tliinking  tiie  Pinta  was  lolh 
The  I'irmal  weather  ceailii  nor,  and  tlie 
caravel  rull'd  for  want  of  ballall,  tlie 
provilions  being  fpcnt,  The  .idmiral  fee- 
nig  death  near  at  hand,  that  their  catho- 
lick  in.ijeflies  might  not  mils  of  fonie  in- 
telligence of  wiiat  he  V.■.^  done  to  ferve 
them,  writ  down  on  a  ikin  of  parchment 
as  much  as  he  could  relating  to  his  dif- 
covcry,  which  he  wrapped  up  in  an  oiled 
cloth,  and  put  it  into  a  clofe  cafl;,  throw- 
ing it  into  the  fea,  all  the  men  believing 
it  was  fonie  act  of  devotion,  and  imme- 
iliately  the  wind  (lackned.  Friday  the  i^'"" 
of  I'ciruiir\,  they  faw  land  a  head,  to- 
wards the  call  north  call,  which  Ibme  laid 
was  tlie  illand  Madera,  others  the  rock 
of  I.ijhon;  but  the  admiral  Hill  perfilled 
it  was  one  of  the  Azores.  They  ply'd 
batkw.irds  and  forwards  with  much  trou- 
ble, ami  could  not  recover  the  illand  of 
67.  Mar'j.  The  admir.d  fullered  much 
in  his  legs,  having  been  out  in  the  cold 
and  wet,  ami  on  tiie  i!j'''  with  much  dif- 
ticidty,  ancliored  on  tiie  north  fide  of  tlie 
illand,  wiiich  tliey  loun  !  to  be  St.  Mary's. 
Immediately  three  nien  iiailed  liie  caravel, 
tlie  boat  went  for  tiieni,  and  tiiey  carried 
tlie  admiral  fomc  refrelliment  of  bread  and 
towl  from  tlie  governor,  whole  name  was 
Vol..  \'. 


John  (k  Coftenbeda.  On  tuefday  the  I9t!\ 
of  lebruary,  he  ordered  half  the  men  to 
go  out  in  procelTion,  to  a  chajiel  there  was 
near  by,  in  purfuanceof  a  vow  made  in  the 
llorm,  and  when  they  returned,  he  would 
go  with  the  other  half,  and  defired  the 
three  Porttiguejes  to  fend  them  a  prieft  to 
fay  mafs.  VVhillt  they  were  in  their  fliirts 
at  prayers,  the  whole  town,  horfe  and 
toot,  with  thei.-  governor,  fell  upon  and 
feizcd  them  all.  Their  long  flay  made 
the  admiral  fufpcft,  that  they  were  de- 
tained, or  that  the  boat  was  flaved,  the 
idand  being  furrounded  with  rocks,  and 
there  being  no  light  of  it,  becaufethe  lier- 
mit.ige  was  coveted  by  a  point  of  land, 
which  juts  out  into  the  fea,  he  removed 
with  the  caravel  right  againft  the  chapel, 
and  faw  abundance  of  people,  and  that 
Ibme  went  into  the  boat,  and  were  com- 
ing to  the  caravel. 

The  governor  of  the  illand  flood  up, 
demanded  fecurity  of  the  admiral  to  come 
aboard,  and  tho'  he  gave  him  his  word, 
yet  he  would  not  venture  his  perfon. 
The  admiral  afked  him,  why  he  had  fent 
him  frefh  provifions,  and  thofe  Portuguefes 
to  invite  him  alhore,  and  yet,  notwith- 
flanding  there  was  peace  between  the  crowns 
of  Cajh7e  and  Portugal,  did  lb  bafe  a  thing 
as  to  detain  his  men  ;  adding,  that  to  fa- 
tisfy  him  of  his  being  employed  by  the 
king  and  queen  of  S/iaiii,  he  would  fliew 
him  his  commillion.  The  Portugueje  an- 
fwered, we  hert  do  not  know  the  king 
and  queen  of  Cajlile,  nor  do  we  regard 
their  commifTion,  or  fland  in  fear  of  them. 
Some  other  words  palli:d  between  them, 
and  the  Portuguefe  told  him  he  might  go 
into  the  port  with  the  caravel,  for  all  he 
had  done  was  by  his  king's  order,  which 
the  admiral  bitl  his  men  bear  witnefs  to; 
and  told  the  governor,  that  in  cafe  he  did 
not  reftore  his  boat  and  men,  he  would 
carry  an  hundred  Portugtiefe  prifoners  into 
Spain.  Then  he  anchored  again  where  he 
was  before,  becaufe  the  wind  blew  frefh, 
ordered  the  cafks  to  be  filled  with  fea 
water,  to  ballail  the  caravel,  and  the  wea- 
ther being  foul,  failed  towards  the  ifland 
of  5/.  Michael,  by  reafon  there  ,.e  no  good 
harbours  in  diofe  iflands,  and  therelbie  ic 
is  fafeit  to  be  out  at  iti.  It  blew  a  great 
7  S  florm 


(5i8 


Objervations  and  Difcoveries  of 


i  i*i.'! 


IlrnRUA  ilorm  all  that  niglu,  and  miinnp  the  iOaml 
'■^''VV^  ot  St.  Michael,  he  returned  to  St.  Mary's, 
where  the  boat  prclcntly  came  out  with 
two  clergymen,  a  tw)tary,  and  five  (uilors, 
and  being  promired  I'ecurity  tliey  went 
aboanl,  and  rft)uireil  the  ailmir.il  to  Ihew 
them  tlic  king  ot  Spain\  cotnmiHion,  which 
he  dill,  they  returned,  and  liiliiiilVed  his 
boat  and  men,  the  governor  fayiiifr,  he 
had  orders  from  the  king  ot  Portti^.il  to 
fei/e  the  admiral,  ami  would  give  any 
thing  to  take  him. 

Having  recovered  his  men,  and  the 
weather  being  fit  to  l.iil  for  Spain,  he 
gave  orders  to  ftand  ealiward.  Ihe  next 
day  a  great  bird,  which  the  admiral  juilgcd 
to  be  an  eagle,  came  to  t'lc  fhip.  On  I'a- 
turday  the  2dof"A/drf/^  there  blew  a  dread- 
ful ftorm.  They  drove  without  any  Tails 
till  four  of  the  clock  on  monday,  withoui 
any  hopes  of  efcaping,  but  then  it  plcaled 
God  they  difcovered  the  land,  which  was 
the  rock  of  Cintra,  or  as  our  failors  call 
it  of  Lijhon,  and  to  avoid  the  tempelV,  he 
rcfolved  to  put  into  the  harbour,  without 
being  able  to  lie  at  Cafciies.  He  gave 
Gon  thanks  for  his  deliverance,  and  all 
men  admired  how  he  had  efcapcd,  de- 
claring they  had  never  feen  (iich  itorins. 
The  king  of  Portugal  was  then  at  I'lilparay 
fo,  the  admiral  writ  to  acqiMint  him  that 
the  king  and  queen  oi Spain,  hisfoverei^ns, 
had  ordered  him  to  put  into  any  ot  his 


highnel's'i  ports  to  get  what  he  had  need 
of  for  his  money,  anil  therefore  defired  his 
leave  to  go  up   to  Lilboii  for  his  greater 
Cecurity,  and  to  latisfy  his  highneis,  that 
he  c.iinc  not  from  (lUiwa,    but  from  the 
Inilies.     H,irtboloiiieiu  Diaz  ,h-  LiJIioa,  maf- 
tcr  of    a  galeon  well  Ifored  with  cannon, 
came  in  an  arineil  boat,  and  bid  the  ad- 
mit;;' come  aboard  him,  to  give  an  account 
of  himlelt  to  the  king's  o/Ficcrs,  and  ihc 
captain  ot  the  g  ilcon.     Columl/u\  anlwer'd, 
that  he  was  the  monarch  of  Spai>i\  admi- 
ral, and  tlier.fiire  acLountable  to  no  man, 
and  wouUI  not  go  out  of  liis  fhip,  unlefs 
compelled  by  a  lupcrior  power.      The  /V- 
liigiif/f  bill  him  lend  his  mailer,  which  the 
admiral  alio  refilled  to  do,  laying,  he  would 
never   conlent,    unlets   compelled,    for  it 
was  tl     lame  thing  tor  him  to  go,  as  ta 
fend  another  ;  and  that  it  w.is  the  culloni 
of   the  Spaiiijh  admirals   rather    to  die , 
than  10  ,   ;.  ihemlelves,  or  their  men  into 
the  h.inits  of  others.     The  Portu^uefe  re- 
plied, tiiai   lince  he  was    to  retblved,   he 
iiiiglit  do  as   he  pl(  alal ;    but   delired  he 
would  fliew  him  tin  king  of  Spain's  com- 
millioii  if  he  had  any  ;  and  having  fecn  it 
icturiied  to  the  galeon,    and  gave  an  ac- 
count of   vhat   had  palled.     The  captain 
of  it,  whole  name  was  ,1lvaro  Dtimaii,  went 
aboard  the  admiral's  caravel,    with  kettle- 
drums, trumpets,    and  hautboys,  and  of- 
fered him  all  he  (hould  defirc. 


&r 


■  !■ 


i'l    i 


Ki  .,![ 


C  M  A  P.    XIV. 

irJbat  paffcd  bttween  the  Admiral,  and  the  Kitij^  o/"  Portugal.  C.o\\.imhm  arrivei 
at  Palos,  their  Majefltes  prefs  his  coming  to  Barcelona,  atid  the  honourable 
Reception  he  had  there,  the  Pope  grants  thofe  Countries  to  the  Crown  oj 
Caltilc. 

AS  foon  as  the  report  was  fpread  a- 
broad  in  IJJf'on,  that  the  admiral 
was  come  from  the  Indies,  fuch  multitudes 
of  people  flocked  to  fee  him,  and  the  In- 
dians he  brought,  that  it  was  wonderful 
to  behold,  andall  men  were  amazed  at  it. 
The  next  day  he  received  a  letter  from  the 
king  of  Portugal,  by  the  hands  of  Don 
Martin  de  Noronna,  his  majefty's  fervant, 
by  which  he  defired  he  would  come  to 
him,  :.T,.\  he,  not  to  (hew  any  miftruft, 
complied.  He  lay  that  night  at  Sacavtm, 
and  was  well  entertained,  and  the  king 
had  given  orders  at  Lijhon,  for  him  to  be 
fupplied  with  all  he  had  occafion  for  gratis. 
The  next  day  he  arrived  where  the  king 
was,  all  the  gentlemen  of  the  king's  houfe- 
hold  came  out  to  meet,  and  condufted 
him  to  court,  where  the  king  received  him 
very  honourably,  made  him  fit  down,  and 
after  exprefTing  much  joy  for  his  fuccefs, 
and  enquiring  after  fomc  particulars,  faid, 


he  was  of  opinion,  that  according  to  arti- 
cles with  the  crown  of  5/i<i««,  thatconquelb 
rather  belonged  to  the  crown  of  Portugal^ 
than  to  that  of  Spain.  He  anfwered,  he 
had  not  feen  thofe  articles,  nor  knew  any 
more,  than  that  their  highnefl'es  had  di- 
rected tiim,  not  to  go  to  Mina,  or  G««- 
nea,  which  had  been  proclaimed  in  all  the 
ports  of  Andaluzia,  before  he  fee  out  on 
his  voyage.  'Ihe  king  aniwered,  he  be- 
lieved there  would  be  no  need  of  any  media- 
tors to  accommodate  this  matter.  He  or- 
dered the  prior  of  Crato,  that  is  of  the 
knights  of  Malta,  the  prime  man  then 
about  the  court,  to  entertain  him.  The 
next  day  the  king  told  him,  if  he  wanted 
any  thing,  he  Ihould  be  fupplied,  and 
making  him  fit,  afked  many  queftions, 
concerning  that  new  voyage,  the  latitudes, 
the  people,  and  other  things  relating  to 
thofe  parts,  being  highly  concerned  that 
he  had  let  (lip  that  good  fortune.     There 

were 


'M 


Chap.  14.  America  /^y  //jf  Europeans. 


619 


were  thoCc,  tvho  oHcrnl  him  to  miirilcr 
tin-  ailmir.il,  that  what  he  hail  done  might 
not  be  known  ;  but  he  would  not  con- 
fcnt. 

On  monday  the  1 1**"  of  March,  the  ail- 
miral  tookhis  leave  of  the  king,  who  was  at - 
trnucd  hy  all  the  gentry  about  the  court. 
Don  Martin  de  Norenbti  was  orilercil  to 
coiKhi(;t  him  to  Ltjhon  ;  his  majelly  gave 
him  a  mule,  and  another  to  his  pilot, 
ond  twenty  EfpadiHfs,  worth  about  20  du- 
cats. He  took  yilla  I'lama  in  his  way, 
where  the  queen  was,  in  the  monallery  of 
St.  Antony.  He  kifli-dher  hand,  ami  hav- 
ing given  an  account  of  his  voyage,  de- 
parted, and  was  overtaken  by  a  icrvant  of 
the  king's,  who  tolil  him  from  his  ma- 
jelly, that  if  he  would  go  into  Spain  by 
lami,  he  would  order  him  to  be  attcnilcd, 
provide  horlcs,  and  furnilh  him  with  all 
ncceiHiries ;  but  he  failed  for  S(vil  in  his 
caravel,  on  wedncld.ay  the  i  ^'''  of  March. 
On  thurfday  before  uin  rifing  he  came  to 
cape  St.  Hncent,  and  friday  the  ir,>h  after 
day  to  Saltcs,  where  he  entered  about  noon 
with  the  tide,  into  the  port  he  had  fet  out 
from,  on  friday  the  3"*  of  Aiiguft,  the  year 
before,  fo  that  he  fpent  fix  months  and  a 
half  on  the  voyage.  Being  informed  that 
their  catholick  majcfties  were  at  Barcelona, 
he  had  thoughts  of  repairing  to  them  by 
Tea,  in  his  caravel.  He  landed  at  Palos, 
was  received  with  a  proceflion,  and  ex- 
traordinary rejoicing  of  the  whole  town, 
all  men  admiring  that  mighty  exploit, 
whi.h  they  never  imagined  he  woukl  have 
pcrformcil   fo  fuccefsfully. 

The  admiral  having  rcfolved  not  to  go 
by  fea  to  Barcelona,  lent  their  miyclties  ad- 
vice of  his  arrival,  and  a  brief  account 
of  his  voyage,  referring  them  to  his  own 
more  ample  information,  by  wonl  of 
mouth.  The  anfwcr  met  him  at5m/,  the 
purport  whereof  was,  to  cxprefs  their  joy 
for  his  return  and  fuccefs,  otfering  to  re- 
ward and  honour  him,  ordering  him  to 
make  haile  to  Barcelona,  that  they  might 
concert  what  was  ncceflary  for  carrying  on 
the  ditcovcry  commenced,  and  to  confi- 
der,  whether  it  were  convenient  to  leave 
fome  orilers  at  Sevil,  that  no  time  might 
l)e  loft.  It.  is  impolTible  to  exprefs  how 
fheir  maieilies  were  pleafed,  and  all  the 
court  rejoiced  at,  and  admired  to  fee  that 
accomplilhed,  which  they  had  all  defpaired 
of.  The  iuperfcription  of  the  letter  was  to 
Don  Chrijiopher  Columiiis,  their  majellies 
admiral  of  the  ocean,  viceroy,  and  gover- 
nor of  the  iflands  difcovered  in  the  Indies. 
He  returned  an  anfwer  with  a  particular  of 
what  fliips,  men,  ilores,  ammunition,  and 
provifions  were  rcquifitc,  to  return  to  the 
Indies,  and  took  the  way  to  Barcelona, 
witii  fcvea  Indians,  the  roll  being  dead  by 


the  way.     He  alfo  tt)ok   with  him  green  Hi««ha 

ami  red  parrots,    ami   other  rare   tliuigs,  ^•''W^ 

never  before  fecn  in  Spain.     'I'hc  f.imc  ot 

this  wonder   being  fprcail   abroad,    when 

he  tieparteil  Sevil,  the  people  flocked  from 

ail  puts  to  the  ro.id  to  fee  the  admiral, 

and  tlie  Indian:.     Their  majefties  having 

received  his  memorial,  direrted  yohn  Ko- 

driquez  de  I'onjeca,  brother  to  Alonfo de  /'on- 

fera,  and  /tntony  de  I'onjeca,  lorils  of  Coca, 

and  Ataejof,  to  apply  himfelf  inimedi.itely 

to  the  providing  ot  all  the  admiral  thought 

re(iuifitc  for  his  fccond  voyage  to  the  fn- 

dits. 

The  admiral  came  to  Barcelona  about  the 
middle  of  April,  was  received  in  folemn 
manner,  all  the  court  and  city  going 
out  in  fuch  numbers,  that  the  iireets 
touhl  not  contain  them,  ailmiring  the 
admiral,  the  Indians,  ami  the  things 
he  brought,  which  were  carrieil  open- 
ly. 1  lie  more  to  honour  him,  their  ma- 
jefties  ordered  their  throne  to  be  fet  out 
in  publick  view,  where  they  fat  with  prince 
'John.  The  admiral  came  in  attended  by 
a  multitude  of  gentlemen,  as  loon  as  he 
drew  near  their  majellies  Hood  up,  he 
knelt  down,  killed  their  hands,  was  or- 
dered to  rife,  a  chair  brought,  and  he  fit 
down  in  their  royal  prcl'ence.  When  he 
had  very  fedately,  and  with  much  difcre- 
tion,  given  their  highnelTcs  a  fliort  relati- 
on of  God's  mercies,  under  their  high- 
nelTes  aiifpicious  fortune,  of  his  voyage, 
and  difcLvery,  the  hopes  he  had  of  finding 
larger  coi  ntrics ;  and  having  (hewed  the 
chingb  he  'irought,  and  the  Indians,  as  they 
went  in  their  own  country  •,  the  majellies 
left  their  chairs,  knelt  ilown,  and  hfting 
up  their  hands  to  heaven,  with  tears  in 
their  eyes,  returned  thahks  to  Cion,  and 
the  mufick  of  the  chapel  began  the  hymn 
Te  D(um.  In  regard  that  What  had  been 
concerted  at  firll  with  the  admiral  was  but  a 
plain  contract,  and  he  had  performed  what 
he  undertook,  their  majellies  in  more  am- 

Ele  manner  ratified  to  him,  what  they 
ad  promifed  at  the  town  of  Santa  Fe,  on 
the  I T^  of  April,  the  foregoing  year,  and 
the  patents  pafTed  at  Bartelona  on  the  go'"* 
of  the  fame  month,  this  year,  and  were 
figned  by  their  highnelles  on  the  28'''  of 
May.  They  alfo  .  ave  him  the  arms  of 
Cajlile  and  Leon  to  bear  together  with  his 
paternal  coat,  with  other  things  denoting 
his  difficult  and  wonderful  difcovery  j  and 
bellowed  fome  favours  on  his  brothers  Don 
BarlMomew,  and  Don  James,  tho'  they 
were  not  then  at  court.  The  king  took 
the  admiral  by  his  fide,  when  he  appeared 
in  publick  in  Barcelona,  doing  him  very 
much  honour  otherwife,  and  therefore  all 
the  grandees,  and  other  prime  men  ho- 
noured and  invited  liim  to  dine  with  them  i 

and 


,Ji 


> 


t     ■■;■  ^. 

i     'W  ,JH 


.:-h\  'U 


6'20 


Observations  and  Dijcoirries  of 


ilm^KA  nnil  tlif  rarvlinul  of  Spiiin,  Pen  Pilrr  duii 
^'^'V  /,///)  (/(•  MiHiluZit,  A  virtuous  ami  \w\\U 
ntinilcd  prince,  was  the  (irll  {'/.indcf,  who 
poinR  one  ilay  from  toiirr,  took  thi-  ail- 
Diir.il  Co  ilinc  with  liini.  Their  (.itliolitk 
ni.ijclUes  tliouf^ht  fit  to  ai()u.iiiit  pope 
jilfxitn,kr  tlic  d''',  ot  the  houle  ol  Hoi].t, 
with  their  new  ililiovery,  tli.it  he  mi;;ht  ic- 
tiiin  thankii  to  Cioii,  lor  the  (^ooilnelii 
rticwn  to  his  ehurch,  ,iml  rejoice,  lorthit  in 
his  days,  aiiop|M)rtiinity  wasollereii  ot  pro- 
pagating the  golpel.  'I'licir  cmh.illulor 
was  alio  onlered  to  intorni  him,  that  the 
l.iiil  liilcovery  had  been  made  without  in- 
troachinp  u[)on  the  ciown  ot  Purtagul, 
the  admiral  having;  rici  iveil  lliict  lum- 
inands  liom  liieir  hij^^hnelUs,  not  to  come 
within  an  lumdred  Laj;u(  s  ot'/.;  Min.i,  or 
CiuiihM,  oraiiyotl'er  part  belont;in}^  to  the 
Ponuyuys,  wliiLJi  he  iiad  punctually  per- 
Jormed.  And  tlio',  in  regard  the  admiral 
had  taken  polU'irion  ol  tliofe  new  lands, 
aiid  tor  ni.my  other  leal'ons,  fcveral  emi- 
nincnt  civilians  were  ol  opinion,  there  vas 
no  ii'ed  ut  the  pope's  (onluniation,  or 
grant  tor  ix)lleHing  ot  that  new  worl.l 
)iilllyi  however  their  catholick  ni.iitllies 
diieCteil  their  laid  enibalVador,  to  eitrcaC 
his  holinel's  to  make  a  deed  of  gift  oi  the 
lands  already  ilifcovered,  and  to  be  dil- 
covered  to  the  crown  ot  CiijIiU,  and  Lfoit, 
and  to  expedite  his  bulls  accordingly. 

The  pope  rejoiced  very  much  at  this 
news,  and  glorified  God,  for  that  he  had 
been  pleafed  to  Ihew  the  means  to  draw 
thofe  people  outol  infidclity,and  make  them 


p.iri  d^di  <il  his  liLllingH  by  means  of  their 
cathdliik  ni.ijcllic^,  the  indullry  ol  ailmi- 
ral  Coltimhtis,  .ind  the  alTilbnce  ol  the  Spit- 
mjh  n.ttion  )  .mil  all  the  court  of  Kumt 
relebratrd  and  admired  lo  great  an  ex- 
ploit. 'Ihe  pope  gr.mtcil  to  their  ni.ijell  us 
»)t  Coil di  .mi.\  1. 1  on,  ani.t  to  tlirir  1»  irs  and 
lucielioii,  the  lovcreign  empiri'  ami  do- 
minicn  ot  the  /a./.cj,  and  tlmr  li  i.,  with 
lupreriie  iind  royal  lunldu'tion,  impiiil 
dignity,  .uul  liipu unity  over  all  that  hc- 
mirphcre:  to  whuli,  by  the  advice,  con- 
lent,  and  .ipproiuiioii  ol  the  lacred  col* 
lege  ol  c.irilin.iU,  a  Inill  was  ixpeditcil, 
on  the  i''  ot  i\/.()i  this  li.ne  yiar,  with 
.dl  the  lame  piivikgis,  fr.inciufes,  .tikI 
prirogatives  gr.mteil  to  the  king  of  Per- 
Iti^.il  tor  ///(/;,/,  Ci'iiiiK.i,  and  otiiir  p.irts  of 
J  ruk.  And  by  another  bull  ot  the  ^d 
ol  .V/,/)i  the  lame  year  he  granted  to  them 
all  the  hidirs,  whether  ill.iiuls,  or  conti- 
nent, already  difcovered,  or  to  be  ilifco- 
vered, tor  ever,  drawing  a  line  from  the 
one  pole  to  the  other  at  an  hundred  leagues 
diltance  to  the  wul  ■  ird  from  the  ill.inds 
jlzor,-!,  and  thole  ol  (,.  '«  I  ciJc,  and  that 
wliaiiocver  was,  or  llioulu  b.'  ililco\ered 
to  the  wcllward,  or  louthvvaru  .A  that 
line,  lliould  ap[>ert.iin  to  the  navig.ition 
and  dilcovery  ot  their  ma)ellies  of  Cii/lile 
and  Leon,  provided  it  was  not  in  tiie  pof- 
fellion  ol  .my  other  chritUan  prince,  be- 
fore Chrillmas-day  in  tiie  fame  year  -,  and 
that  none  fhould  prefume  to  tail  into 
thole  parts,  under  |)cnalties  and  ecclefi- 
allical  ceiifuics. 


C  M  A  P.     XV. 

7he  j^dniiral  takes  leave  of  their  Catholick  Maje/lies  to  return  to  the  Indies ;  and 
the  King  of  Portugal  pretends  that  'u.hat  had  been  difcovered  belongs  to  htm. 


hM 


TH  E  pope's  bulls  being  brought,  when 
the  admiral  had  obtained  all  things 
tor  the  voyage  he  was  to  undertake,  a 
few  days  before  he  left  Barcelona,  their  ma- 
jellies  ordered  that  the  Indiatis  flioukl  be 
baptized,  having  been  before  intliuClcd 
in  the  catholick  faith,  they  thcmfelves  de- 
firing  to  be  madeChrilli.'ns ;  and  therefore 
their  majeilies  were  willing  to  ofler  up  to 
God  tholt;  firif  fruits  of  the  Gentiles, 
the  king,  and  the  prince  his  ton  Hand- 
ing godfathers  ;  the  latter  of  which  would 
have  one  of  the  Indians  to  remain  in  his 
fervice,  who  foon  after  died.  For  the  bet- 
ter managing  the  converfion  of  thole  peo- 
ple, their  highnefles  ordered,  that  one  F. 
Ho'jl,  a  Catalonian  monk,  of  the  order  of 
St.  Ikneditt,  and  other  religious  men,  with 
the  pope's  authority,  fliould  go  along  with 
the  admiral,  giving  iVrift  charge  that  the 
Indiam  fhould  be  well  ufed,  and  brought 
into  the  church   by  fair  means,  and  that 


the  Spaniiirds  who  mil'ufed  thci,  ...ould 
lie  feverely  punilhed.  'I'liey  gsve  rhe  ad- 
miral very  rich  church  tlulf,  tor  the  fer- 
vice of  God,  and  ordered  him  to  exiie- 
dite  his  departure,  and  as  foon  as  poinblc 
to  ililcovtr  whether  CuIki,  which  he  had 
called  "Jtiana,  was  an  illanil,  or  continent, 
and  to  behave  himtelf  dilcrcetly  towards 
the  Spaniards,  encouraging  the  good,  and 
challi/.ing  the  wicked.  He  took  leave  of 
their  m.ijelHcs,  and  was  attended  that  day 
from  the  palace  to  his  lodgings  by  all 
the  court,  and  the  tame  when  he  depart- 
ed Barcflona. 

When  he  came  to  S evil,   he  Found  the  Sevcmccn 
arch-iicacon  John  Rodiiquez  de  Fonfrca  had  ''.''  ff"'. 
provided  feventeen  fliips,  great  and  tmali,  ^  icconJ 
furnilhed  with  abundance  of  viduah,  am-  voyjijc 
munition,    cannon,    whe.it,    feeds,  mares, 
horfcs,  and  tools  to  work  the  gold  mines, 
and  flore  of  commodities  to  barter,  and 
give  as  the  admiral  Hiould  think  fit.     The 
4  fame 


..<oiild 
tlie  .itl- 
ilic  ler- 
to  cxyt- 
poinble 
he.  had 
.ontini'nt, 
towards 
;i)()d,  and 
ave  ot 
that  i\.\y 
liy  all 
ilcparc- 

bund  the  Seventeen 
,/i/;vw  had  f^'' 7; 

nd  Imall,  ^  i^conJ 
iials,  am-  voyage- 

s,  mares, 

!d  mines, 

rter,  and 

lit.     The 
fame 


Chap.  15. 


America  /»)  the  Europeans. 


62  r 


lame    of  thii   ftr.mpr  tlilioviry,    and  uf 
gold,  drew  togrthir  i  ii hi  men,  and  amonp; 
thrin  many  (^cntlrmfii,    all  in  the    kin(.;'s 
pay,  tor  not  ahovc  iwetuy  went  over  upon 
cheir  own  aicouni,  and  tiioli;  were  horlir- 
mcn.      There  were  many  bhourinjj  men, 
to  work  at  the  (;old  niinrs,  and  hindicrati) 
of  leveral    Ion.,     'riicir    majellics   by   a 
new    eommillion    ipnointnl    the  admiral 
captain  general   ol   tiie   navy,  and  ol  the 
liiilif),    and  /Intony  df    loira,    lirotiicr  to 
prince  'John's  nurie,    a  m.in  ct  pnnienie, 
and   ability  to  brinfj;  it  back,     rrami'  de 
PennaloJ.i,    the   queen's  lirvant,  was   an- 
pointetl   to   command    the   lorces  in   the 
field,   and  /llonjo  ik  t'Mfw  had    the  lame 
port.  Herimrd  df  I'lja,   an  nlpiaztl  of  tlic 
eoiirt,   equiv.dent   to  a  icrgeant  at  arms, 
went  as  tontrollcr  ot"  tiie  hidifs,  and  Jjma 
Marfir    as   inlpeCtor.      The   moll    noteil 
perfons  th.it  went  over  weri'  the  eommeii- 
dary  (utHr^oi,  Scbdjiijn  de  Cimjo,  l)otii  ot 
(iitlniii,  the  eomiiiend.iry  .li)o\o,  Roddick 
/Iharcii,   Mkir  (Hr.io,  'John  di-  I.tisnii,   Pe- 
ti'r  N>ivn>ro,  Pi'hr  I Inthtiidcz  Coronet,  whom 


dil.i)''iri'd  whiiii  lKlon};M    to  hnn,    tli.it  Hikhik* 
they   woiiM  (ii  bch.ive  thenilelves  low.iidj  *"'^<'^ 
hini,  as  he  would  do  in  the  like  cile  v  and 
that  being  inlormed  they  deli{;ncd  to  pro- 
feti.tc  the  diftovciy  due  well  from  tlieCrt» 
nary  idands,  without  turninu  to  the  Ibuth- 
w.ird,  he  ileliied   they  would   direft   the 
aiimiral  to  oblirve  thole  orders,  anil   he 
would  cn)oin  his  eoinmuiders,  when  they 
went  out  upon  dil'iovcry,  noi  to  p.ils  thole 
bounds  to  the  northw.ird.     Ikfore  A'«\  dt 
Sandf  e.mie,  a  report  had  rc.uh  tl  the  court, 
that  the  king  of  Porlii^.d  wuiild  k-nd  hiit 
Ikit  the   lame   way  the    SfMiardi  tailed, 
and  take  polTtirion  of  thole  lands.     'I'here 
was  alio  advice  brought,  that  Martin  A- 
toiifr)  Pimon,  alter  elc.iping  ilic.idful  llorms, 
was  arrived  with  his  carav.'l  /',/,//  in  (;',(- 
IhLl.      I  le  di;'d  preli  iitly,   and  foiile   fiy  it 
was  for  grief  of  a  reprimand  he  revived, 
for  not  obeying  the  .idmir.il,  and  Ic.iving 
him  1   .md   beciulc   their  citholiek   I'lje- 
llies  would  not  fee  him,   unlefs  intro.luced 
l)y  Columbiii. 

Upon  the  advice  received  from  I.'hbon, 


the  admiral  tonltituteil  lie.ul    algu.r/il  of     anil  the  king  of   Porlii^.il\  intimation   of 


the  ill.uid  Uiljciniold ;  Mofen  Piter  Murga 
rite,  a  Catalouiun  gentleman,  /llo)iJo  San- 
fhrzdeC.arv.tjul.  alderiii.in  oi  Haczu,  dor- 
bolan,  I.ewii  d.  /trrtag^a,  Jloiiln  Perez  Mar- 
tel,  Irancts  de'/.unw^t,  A'.onfo Ortiz,  Fran- 
cis de  yULiloboi,  Perchin  de  Rihera,  Mel 
(hior  Mnldonado,  .md  /llonjb  Malaver.  Now 
alio  went  over  jllonfo  de  Ojcda,  fervant  to 
the  duke  of  Medina  Celt,  a  little  man,  but 
well  Ihapcd,  of  a  good  afpcdl,  very  ftrong, 
and  active ,  who  when  queen  Ijabel,  or  Eli- 
zaheth  was  on  the  tower  of  the  cathedral 
at  Sevd,  got  upon  the  beam,  which  was 
out  20  toot  beyond  tiie  laid  tower,  mea- 
furcd  the  length  of  it  with  his  feet,  as 
nimbly,  as  it  he  had  been  walking  along 
a  room  -,  at  the  end  of  the  beam  Ihook 
one  leg  in  the  air,  and  turning  round,  re- 


liis  deligns,  their  catlioli':k  iiiajellie  or- 
dered 7';/'«  Rodriguez  de  I'orjeja  lb  to  pro- 
vide  the  Meet  the  admiral  v.as  to  command, 
that  in  cale  the  Porttigiie/i.i  fhoulil  make 
any  attempt,  it  might  be  cither  otVenfivo 
or  delenfive,  and  to  hallen  its  ileparture. 
They  alio  lent  Lofe  de  Hcrrcra,  a  retainer 
on  thiir  tamily,  to  Lisbon,  to  return  chat 
king  thanks  for  his  courtcfy  towards  the 
admiral,  and  defire  him  not  to  fuller  Any 
of  his  fubjerts  to  go  or  fend  to  th.ilc  ifl.inds, 
or  continents  newly  difcovcrcd ,  btcaufe 
they  belonged  to  them  i  which  wouKI  be 
agreeable  to  the  brotherly  -tledlion  tiicre 
was  between  them,  and  troubles  would  be 

firevented,  and  the  ]ireac!iing  ot  the  catho- 
ick  faith  among  thole  nations  would  noc 
be  obllrudfed.     I.ofe  de  Ilerrcra  had  alio 


turned  with  the  lame  agility  to  r^e  tower,     inftruftions  to  reprefent  the  extraordinary 
'       ■       '      '  '         ■"  "        •  •  ^-_^re  their  catholick  majellies  had  taken,  in 

charging  the  admiral  nor  to  touch  at  the 
gold  mine  ,  or  Guinea,  or  any  other  pare 
dillrovered  by  his  predecelfors.  Befides  this 
compliment,  he  had  other  private  inllruc- 
tions,  that  in  cafe  he  tbiind  that  king  had 


all  men  admiring  he  did  not  fall,  and  beat 
himlell  in  pieces.  Itufe  and  all  the  rell 
that  went  aboard  the  fleet  took  a  folemn 
oath  to  be  obedient  to  their  majellies,  to 
his  admiral,  and  to  the  juUices,  and  to  take 
care  of  the  royal  intcrelh 


King  'John  of  Portugal  was  fo  highly     either  already  lent  out  his  lleet,  or  defign 


concerned  for  having  luH'ered  this  new  em 
pire  to  go  trom  l.i.ii,  that  not  being  able 
to  conceal  iiis  trouble,  he  ordered  prepa- 
rations to  be  made  tor  mvading  of  thole 
countries ,  upon  pntence  that  tlicy  be- 
longed to  him  1  and  on  the  other  hand 
lent  Rwj  de  Sande  to  their  highnefles,  who 
told  them,  fhewing  iiis  credentials,    how 


ed  to  fend  it,  he  fhould  not  proceed  as  a- 
bovc,  but  deliver  other  credentials  he  car- 
ried, and  require  him  ro  tlop  thole  jjro- 
ceedings,  till  piiblick  'jrochmation  there- 
of were  made  in  his  k'ngdom.  When  Ru'j 
de  Sande  had  delivered  his  tmbafly,  as  is 
fail!  above,  he  defir'd  leave  to  export  fome 
things  the  king  of  Portugal  ftood  in  need 


well  he  had  treated  the  admiral,  that  lie  of  tor  the  expedition  he  defigned  to  un- 
was  pleafed  his  projecl  and  vo-^  age  had  dertakc  againll  tlie  Moors  in  .'Ifrick,  where- 
been  fuccelsfuli  and  that  he  did  not  quel'-  with  he  difguiW  the  report  of  the  dilco- 
tion,  if  there  were  any  countries  and  iflands  very  he  intended  to  the  wcllward.  He 
Vol.  V.  7  T  alio 


if 

i! 

r'd'  M 


6l2 


Objervations  and  Dijcoveries  of 


H.RFKRAiilfo  demanded,  that  the  SpaiiiarJs  (houk\ 
^y^'~\J  be  forbid  going  to  fidi  at  cape  Bojailor, 
till  it  flioukl  be  amicably  decided,    whe- 
ther they  might  lawfully  do  fo,  and  their 
higiineflcs  anfwered.  It  fliould  be  done. 

Lope  lie  Herrcra  being  let  out  for  Portu- 
gal, before  Ruy  de  Saiuh'  readied  the  court 
of  their  catholick  majeftics,  and  kingjobii 
being  inform'd  of  the  meflage  he  brough  t,  he 
fent  Edward  Galvaii  to  give  notice  of  what 
Riiy  dc  Sande  had  in  commilTjon,  relating 
to  C'tlunihia's  difcovery,  and  without  per- 
mitting Lope  de  Herrera  to  make  ufe  of 
his  credentials,  or  requiring  what  he  was 
direfted,  anfwered,  that  he  would  fend  no 
fliips  upon  difcovery  in  fixty  days,  becaufe 
he  intended  to  lend  embaffulors  to  their 
highncfles  upon  that  point.  Whilft  this  was 
in  agitation,  he  had  complained  againft 
their  catholick  majefties  at  the  court  of 
Rome,  faying,  they  interrupted  the  courfe 


of  his  difcovcrics  and  advantages,  and  pro- 
tefted  againit  the  bulls  granted,  allcdging 
many  pretences  o'"  wrong,  as  that  they 
broke  into  his  limits,  and  there  ought  to 
be  bounds  affigned,  to  prevent  the  trou- 
bles tiiat  might  enfue  between  the  fubjedls 
of  the  two  crowns.  The  pope  anfwered, 
that  to  obviate  all  occafions  of  complaint, 
he  had  marked  out  what  belonged  to  each, 
ordering  the  meridian  to  be  drawn  from 
pole  to  pole,  as  has  been  faid  -,  and  again 
granted  to  the  kings  of  5/iai«  all  that  fliould 
be  conquered  in  the  iflands  towards  the 
call,  well,  and  fouth,  not  .ilready  poflef- 
fed  by  any  ot'-.er  prince  j  and  another  bull 
was  expedited  on  the  26''"  oi'  September  the 
fmie  year.  However,  this  did  not  fatisfy 
the  Portt/gtiefes,  who  pretended  they  were 
wrong'/d,  and  that  the  partition  meridian 
ought  to  be  drawn  much  farther  weftward. 


CHAP.  xvr. 

The  Admiral's  InJlruEiiom  and  Preparattom ;  he  fets  out  on  his  fecond  Foyagc. 


!         1 


THE  admiral  being  at  Sevil,  with  his  or 
ders,  declaring  how  far  the  liberty  of 
his  admiralfhip  and  government  extended, 
which  were  as  large  as  the  pope's  grant,  and 
having  left  his  (ons  Don  James  and  Don  Fer- 
dinand, as  pages  to  prince  John,  he  applied 
himfelf  to  chufe  the  ablcll  pilots,  and  to 
review  the  men  appointed  for  the  fervice, 
in  the  prefcnce  of  the  controller  Soria.  All 
perfons  were  prohibited  carrying  any  goods 
to  barter,  and  it  wasorder'd,  that  all  things 
belonging  to  their  highnefles,  as  well  as  to 
private  perfons,  fliould  be  entered  at  the 
cuftom-houfe  both  in  Spain  and  the  Indies, 
and  whatfoever  fliould  be  found  not  en- 
tered, to  be  confifcate.  The  admiral  had 
diredlions,  as  foon  as  he  arriv'd  at  //«- 
fpaniola,  to  muftcr  his  men,  and  fo  at  other 
times  as  he  thought  fit,  and  to  order  their 
pay  ;  and  he  had  power  to  appoint  AUaldes 
ixnii  yflguazils,  that  is,  magiftrates  in  the 
iflands  and  others  parts,  to  try  caufes,  both 
civil  and  criminal,  from  whom  appeals 
might  lie  to  himfelf  i  and  when  aldermen, 
common-council  men,  and  other  officers 
were  to  be  appointed  for  the  government 
of  tlic  people,  or  any  town  that  was  built, 
he  fhould  name  three  for  every  place, 
out  of  which  their  highnelTcs  might  chufe 
onf  i  oit  for  the  firft  time  he  was  allowed 
to  cliuft  ihem  himfelf.  All  proclamations 
made  were  to  be  in  their  highnelTes  names ; 
as  were  all  patents,  injunctions,  and  or- 
ders, flgned  by  the  admiral,  counterfigned 
by  the  fecrctary,  or  clerk  that  drew  them 
and  fealed  with  their  highnelTes  leal  on 
the  back.  That  as  foon  as  he  landed  a 
cultom-houfe  fliould  be  built,  tu  lay  up 
4 


their  m.ijeflics  flores,  to  be  kept  by  their 
officers,  the  admiral  having  the  fupreme 
command  over  them  all,  who  was  to  carry- 
on  the  trade,  or  the  perfon  by  him  ap- 
pointed, with  the  affiftance  of  their  high- 
nefTes  infpedlor  and  controller.  That  he 
fliould  have  the  eighth  part  of  all  the 
profit,  paying  the  eighth  of  all  the  goods 
carried  over  to  barter,  firft  deducing  the 
tenth  he  was  to  have  of  all  things,  pur- 
fuant  to  his  contraft  ;  and  that  he  might 
fend  out  fliips  to  any  other  part,  as  he 
faw  convenient. 

Whilft  the  admiral  continued  at  Sevil  at- 
tending the  difpatch  of  his  affairs,  he  re- 
ceived a  letter  from  their  majefties,  dated 
at  Barcelona  the  fifth  of  September,  diredt- 
ing,  that  before  his  departure  he  fliould 
caufe  to  be  drawn  a  fea  chart,  with  the 
rumbs,  and  all  other  particulars  for  the 
voyage  to  the  JFeft-Indies,  and  prefling 
him  to  be  gone  fpeedily,  promifing  him 
great  matters,  for  as  much  as  the  impor- 
tance of  that  difcovery  appeared  daily 
to  be  of  greater  confequence ;  and  as  yet 
nothing  was  concerted  with  the  king  of 
Portugal,  though  it  was  hoped  he  would 
hearken  to  reafon.  The  admiral  caufed 
abundance  of  plants  to  be  fliipp'd,  as  alio 
wheat,  barley,  oats,  rye,  and  all  forts  of 
grain  ;  cows,  brick,  lime,  and  other  ma- 
terials. The  men  being  fliipp'd,  and  all 
things  in  rcadinefs,  the  fleet  fet  fail  from 
tlie  bay  of  Cadiz,  on  wednefday  the  is'"* 
of  September,  before  fun-rifing.  He  di- 
refted  his  courfe  fouth-wcll,  for  the  Cana- 
ry  iflands,  came  up  with  Gran  Canaria  on 
wednefday  the  fecond,  and  on  faturday  the 

fifth 


i 


Chap.  17. 


America  hy  the  Europeans. 


62-^ 


fifth  of  O^ober  to  Camera,  where  he  ftaid 
two  days,  taking  in  wood,  water  and  cat- 
tle; as  calvts,  goats,  flieep,  and  eight 
fows  at  fcvcnty  maravedics  each  ;  from 
whicii  all  thofc  there  have  been  fince  in 
the  fndies  have  multiplied.  They  alfo 
took  aboard  hens,  other  creatures,  and 
garden  feeds.     There  each  pilot  had  his 


inllruiSlions  given  him  fcal'd,  diredlingthe  Hirrera 
courfe  he  was  to  fteer,  till  he  came  to  the  v-OP*.* 
country  of  king  Gitacanagari,  which  ihcy 
were  not  to  open  unlefs  feparatetl  from 
him  by  ftrefs  of^ weather,  bccaufc  he  would 
not  otherwife  have  that  voyage  conmionly 
known,  left  it  fliould  be  difcovercd  to  the 
king  of  Portugal. 


CHAP.    xvir. 

"The  Admiral  profecuting  his  Voyage,  difcoven  other  IJlands, 


H' 


ilIii:J. 


E  departed  the  ifland  Gomera  on  mon- 

day  the  feventh  dO^ober,  palled  by 

that  of  Hierro ,  the  laft  of  the  Canaries, 
(leering  more  to  the  fouthward  than  he 
had  done  the  firft  voyage,  and  on  the 
24'!'  of  the  fame  month,  when  he  be- 
lieved  he  had  failed  about  four  hundred 
and  fifty  leagues,  faw  a  fwallow  come  to 
the  Ihips,  and  foon  after  met  with  heavy 
Ihowers  of  rain,  which  he  fuppofed  to  be 
occafioned  by  the  nearnefs  of  lome  land  ; 
wherefore  he  ordered  to  (lackcn  fail,  and 
to  look  out  (harp  ut  night.  On  funday  the 
third  of  November  all  the  fleet  faw  land, 
to  their  great  fatisfa£tion,  and  it  proved  an 

Dimimca  ifland,  which  he  called  Dominica,  becaufe 
difcovered  on  funday,  in  Spanijb  called 
Domingo.  Prefently  they  faw  two  more  on 
the  (larboard  fide,  and  then  many  others ; 
and  they  began  "  nc  []  die  herbs  and 
flowers ,  .iiiJ.  to  fee  llocks  of  parrots,  which 
aln.iys  make  a  great  noife  as  they  fly. 
Tiiere  feemed  to  be  no  convenient  anchor- 
ing to  the  eaftward,  and  therefore  he  paf- 
fcd  on  to  the  fecond  ifland  called  by  him 
Alarigalantc,  that  being  the  name  of  the 
(hip  he  was  in.  He  landed  fomc  men,  and 
took  polTeflion  before  a  notary  and  wit- 
nefTes.    Departing  thence  the  next  day,  he 

(JatJjkpi  ft>und  another  ifland,  and  called  it  Guada- 
lupe, fent  the  boats  a(hore,  found  no  in- 
habitants in  a  fm.ill  town  there  appeared 
on  the  coait,  and  iiere  they  took  the  firft 
of  thofe  parrots  they  called  Guacamayas, 
being  as  big  as  dunghil-cocks,  of  feveral 
colours.  The  natives  were  fled  to  the 
mountains,  but  in  fcarciiing  their  houfes, 
they  (ound  that  piece  of  timber  failors 
call  the  ftern  poll,  whicii  furpriled  them 
all,  not  knowing  how  it  fliould  come  thi- 
ther, unlefs  drove  by  the  weather  from 
tiie  Canarifi,  or  from  Hifpaniola,  if  it  were 
that  belonging  to  tiic  admiral's  (hip,  loft 
therf.  Men  were  fent  afliore  again  on 
tuelliay,  who  took  two  youths,  that  by 
figns  gave  them  to  underrtand  they  be- 
longed to  the  ifland  of  Borriquen,  and  that 
thole  of  Guadalupe  were  Caribbees,  and 
kept  them  to  cat.  The  boats  returned 
for  fome  Spaniards  that  had  ftaid  behind, 
and  found  them  witii  fixwomcni  thai  were 


hnti. 


fled  from  the  Canibals,  which  the  admiral 
would  not  believe,  and  therefore  gave 
them  hawkfbels,  and  fet  them  afliore.  The 
Canibals  took  away  all  that  had  been  given 
them  ;  and  when  the  boats  came  again,  the 
women,  two  boys,  and  a  youth  begged 
of  the  feamen  to  carry  them  aboard  the 
(hips.  By  thefe  it  was  known  that  there 
was  a  continent  not  far  o{F,  and  many 
iflands,  which  they  called  by  their  names. 
Being  aflced  for  the  ifland  Hifpaniola,  m 
their  language  called  Ayti,  they  pointed 
towa'  .s  the  place  where  it  lay. 

The  admiral  would   have  held  on  his 
way  without  flopping,  but  that  they  told 
him,  the  infpeftor  'James  Marque  was  gone 
afliore  with  eight  foldiers,    at  which  he 
was  ofi"ended  i    and  becauli;   he   had  been 
long  gone,  and  returned  not,  parties  of 
men  were  fent  to  feek   him ;   who  could 
not  find  him,  by  reafon  of  the  thickncfs 
of  the  woods,  and  therefore  he  refolved 
to  wait  a  day  for  him.     He  fent  men  a- 
gain  a(hore,  who  fired  mu(kcts,  and  found- 
ed a  trumpet,  and  he  not  returning,  Co- 
lumbus, who  thought  every  day  a  year,  re- 
folved to  leave  them,   yet  bore  patiently, 
for  fear  they  (hould  perilh,  and  ordered 
the  (hips  to  take  in  wood  and  water ;  and 
then  fent  Alonjb  de  Ojeda,  who  was  captain 
of  a  caravel,  with  forty  men  to  find  him, 
and  take  a  view  of  the  country,  who  re- 
turned without  any  tidings  of  thofe  men, 
and  faid  he  had  feen  much  cotton,  faul- 
cons,  haggards,  kites,  herons,  rooks,  pi< 
geons,  turtles,  ducks,  nightingals  and  par- 
tridges i  and  that  in  travelling  fix  leagues 
he  had  waded  through  twenty  fix  rivers, 
many  of  which  came  up  to  a  man's  wafte. 
On  friday  the  eighth  of  November,  the  in- 
fpedlor  returned  with  his  men,  and  faid  he 
had  loft  himfelf  in  the  mighty  woods  and 
thickets,   and  could  not  fooner  fii>d   the 
way  back.     The  admiral  ordered  him  to 
be  put  under  arreft,  and  went  a(hore,  where 
in  fome  houfes  that  were  near  at  hand,  he 
found  cotton,   both  fpun    and   unfpun, 
and  a  ftrange  fort  of  looms  they  wove  it 
in.  There  were  abundance  of  men's  heads 
hung  up,  and  balkets  full  of  human  bones, 
the  houics  very  good,  and  better  ftorcd 

with 


!  ::> 


\i¥>.^. 


.;'!- 

'.i^ 

::i 

1; 

■p' 

1 

'^1 

■  ■  '■■y 

'.'!i 

,'■  ■■  "t' 

4 

"h 

^!' 

■  f' 

t'lMb 

.■i.l,> 

■:        '      '-StM-i 

^k 

•■■i  ■ 

^    I'v 


••'  0 


■■MM 


624. 


Observations  and  Dijcoveries  of 


HEif!tRA  with  provifions  than  thofe  in  the    iflands 

'^'V^^  difcovcrcil  the  firll  voyage. 

On  the  io»''  oi  November  he  coafteii  along 
this  fame  ifland  of  Guadalupe,  towanis  tlie 
north-well,  making  towards  Hifpaiiioli!, 
and  difcovered  a  very  high  idand,  wliich 
he  called  Monferratc ,  becaufc  it  looked 
like  the  rocks  of  that  place.  Next  lie  found 
a  very  round  ifland,  every  way  perpcndi- 

ta  Maria  cu):ir,  fo  that  there  fccmed  to  be  no  getting 
up  into  it  without  ladders,  and  therefore 
he  called  it  Santa  Maria  la  Redonda,  that 
is.  Round  St.  Man ;  to  another  he  gave 
the  name  of  Santa  Maria  el  Antigua,  Anti- 
ent  St.  Mary,  whofe  coaft  extended  fifteen 
or  twenty  leagues.  Many  more  illands 
appeared  to  the  northward,  very  high, 
wooded,  and  green.  He  anchored  at  one 
of  them,  and  uamed  it  St.  Martin  ;  and  on 
the  14'''  of  November,  at  S.iiita  Cruz,  or 
Holy  Crofs.  There  they  took  four  women 
and  two  children;  and  the  bou  returning 
met  a  canoe  with  four  Indian  men  and  a 
woman,  who  ftood  upon  their  guard,  and 
the  woman  fhot  arrows  as  well  as  the  men, 
who  wounded  two  foldiers,  and  the  woman 
fhot  through  a  buckler.  They  boarded  the 
canoe,  which  overfet,  and  one  of  the  In- 
dians difcharged  his  bow  very  vigoroufly 
as  he  fwam.  Holding  on  their  courfe,  they 


Idands  of 
Ml  nj'tr- 
r.itt,  San- 


d.i,    Sjiita 
Maria   il 
yintii;  :ia, 
St.  Mar- 
tin, Santa 
Ciiiz. 


fiw  fo  many  ifl.inils  clofe  together,  that 
ihcy  fccmed  not  to  be  numbered,  the  largell: 
of  which  he  called  St.  iJrJiiLi,  and  the  rell 
the  1 1000  Virgins,  .WiS  then  came  up  with  iioco 
another  great  one  called  Borriquen,  but  he  '  ".>;""• 
gave  it  the  name  of  St.  John  Baptiji.  (it  is  2/"''' 
now  called  St.  Juan  de  Puerto  Rico.)  In  flaiidi. 
a  bay  of  it  to  the  weltward  they  took  feve- 
ral  forts  of  fidi,  as  fcate,  olaves,  Pilchards. 
There  were  many  gooil  houfes,  tho'  all  of 
timber,  and  thatched,  with  a  fquare  to  them 
and  a  way  from  it  down  to  the  fea,  kept 
very  clean  and  bc.ten ;  the  walls  of  the 
houfes  made  of  canes  wove  together  like 
wattles,  with  greens  on  them  very  curioufly, 
as  is  ufcd  at  Valencia  in  Spain.  Near  the 
fea  was  a  fort  of  open  gallery,  or  balcony, 
that  would  cont.iin  twelve  perfons,  of  the 
fame  fort  of  ftruchirc  ;  but  ti  7  law  no 
living  creature,  and  fupnofed  I'ley  were 
fled.  On  friday  the  Jiz"*  of  the  fame  month, 
the  admiral  difcovered  the  firft  land  of  the 
ifland  llifpaniola,  on  the  north  fide,  de- 
parting the  utmoll  point  oi St.  John  de  Pu- 
erto Rico,  which  are  fifteen  leagues  diilant. 
We  have  here  feen  the  firft  difcovery  of  the 
Caribbee  iflands  we  dcfign  to  defcribc,  but 
rtiall  proceed  fomewhat  farther  upon  thefe 
firft  difcoveries,  before  we  come  to  treat  of 
them. 


■(i'li 


CHAP.    XVIII. 

Of  the  Negotiations  relating  to  the  Portiiguefe  Prctcnfwns;  the  Admiral  arrives  in 

the  IJland  Hifpaniola. 

where  it  was  cxprefly  mentioned;  that  they 
would  not  moleft  him  in  the  trade,  com- 
merce, or  country  of  Guinea,  and  its  mines, 
or  any  other  iflands  already  difcovered,  or 
to  be  difcovered,  from  the  Canary  iflands 
forward  towards  Guinea  ;  this  being  all  he 
could  fay  he  h.ad  been  poflTefled  of  and  no 
more.  And  that  it  plainly  appeared  he  had 
fo  underftood  it,  when  he  heard  their  high- 
nefles  were  fending  Don  Chrijhpher  Colum- 
bus upon  difcovery,  and  he  was  fatisfied  he 
fhould  fail  all  over  the  ocean, provided  he  did 
not  go  beyond  the  Canary  iflands,  towards 
Guinea,  which  was  the  place  he  ufed  to 
fend  his  fleets  to  ;  and  that  when  Don  Cbri- 
ftopher  returned,  and  went  to  wait  upon 
him  at  Valparayfo,  he  feemcd  to  be  well 
pleafed  with  it. 

Their  catholick  majefties  fo  fir  juftified 
their  proceedings,  that  they  offered,  in  cafe 
king  John  was  not  latisfied  with  thefe  rea- 
Ibns,  they  would  be  content  to  refer  it  to 
the  decifion  of  perfons  nominated  on  both 
fides,  and  if  they  (hould  not  agree,  an  um- 
pire fliould  be  immediately  named,  or  power 
given  to  the  arbitrators  to  name  one  ;  and 
if  the  king  fliould  think  fit  to  have  ic 
debated  dut  of  their  dominions,  in    the 

Roman 


'  Hough  the  fixty  days  the  king  of  Por- 
JL  /tt^rt/ had  afligned  were  elapled,  their 
catholick  majefties  fent  Garcia  de  Herrera, 
a  gentleman  of  their  family,  to  require  them 
not  to  commit  any  innovation.  Prefently 
after  they  fent  the  protonotary  Don  Peter 
de  Ayala,  and  Garci  Lopez  de  Carvaj.1l, 
brother  to  the  cardinal  de  Santa  Cruz,  with 
inftrucflions,  to  thank  the  king  of  Portugal 
tor  his  good  inclination  to  prcferve  the  peace 
between  them,  and  to  remove  all  occafions 
that  might  difturb  it ;  letting  them  know, 
that  their  intentions  were  the  fame,  and 
that  as  to  his  pretenfion  to  that  part  of 
the  ocean,  by  grant  from  the  fee  apoftolick, 
by  pofleflion,  and  by  the  articles  of  peace, 
they  were  willing  to  admit  of  all  honour- 
able means  to  continue  the  brotherly  friend- 
fliip  there  was  between  the  two  crowns; 
but  that  their  highneffes  were  fully  fatisfied, 
that  nothing  in  the  ocean  belonged  to  king 
John,  b.t  the  iflands  of  AfaJtra,  i\k  Azo- 
res, thofe  of  Cabo  Verde,  and  the  reft  he 
was  then  poflfeflrd  of,  with  what  was  then 
dilcovered  from  the  Canary  iflands,  as  far 
as  Guinea,  with  the  gold  mines  there,  and 
all  other  commerce  ;  which  was  all  that 
belonged  to  him  by  the  articles  of  peace, 
•f 


Chap.  i8. 


America  ^y  the  Europeans. 


62  {^ 


idands 


Roman  court,  or  in  any  other  indifferent 
place,  they  would  confent,and  that  any  other 
method  might  be  found  to  have  it  fpeedily 
determined  equitably,  their  majefties  never 
defigning  to  invade  the  right  of  another. 
They  therefore  direfted,  tnat  the  remon- 
ftrance  of  Lope  de  Herrera  (hould  be  rei- 
terated, to  the  end  there  might  none  go  ovii 
upon  difcovery  towards  thofe  parts  which 
belonged  to  their  highnefles  •,  but  to  thofe 
the  Por'.uguefes  had  before  frequented  ;  for 
Ihould  they  proceed  into  other  parts  of  the 
ocean,  it  would  be  intruding  upon  the 
rights  of  others;  and  therefore  he  (hould 
order  proclamation  to  be  made  to  that 
cffedl  throughout  his  kingdoms,  under 
ftvere  penalties,  fince  their  ^lighnefTes  were 
the  firfl:  that  had  begin  to  difcover  that 
way ;  and  tlie  king  of  Portugal'^  predecef- 
fors  had  no  other  right  to  hold  that  as  their 
own,  which  they  were  then  poflefled  of, 
but  their  being  the  fird  difcoverers;  and 
the  kings  of  Cajlile  and  Leon  had  never 
any  way  obftrufted  thofe  of  Portu^  ',  fince 
they  took  that  courfe ;  fo  that  he  ought  to 
obicrve  the  fame  method  as  their  predecef- 
fors  had  done  to  one  another ;  the  contra- 
ry whereof  would  be  a  pofitive  infringing 
of  the  peace  there  was  between  them,  no 
lefs  than  invading  their  kingdoms,  or  than 
as  king  John  would  refent  it,  fhould  they 
go  about  to  take  away  any  tiling  he  was 
poflefled  of  at  the  gold  mines,  or  in  any 
other  countries,  or  iflands. 

When  thefe  cmbafllidors  departed  the 
Ptr^ugi"/' court  of  their  catholick  majefties,  Peter 
Diaz,  one  of  the  king  of  Portugal's  fudges, 
and  Ray  tie  Pinna,  a  gentleman  of  hishouf- 
hold,  were  already  come  to  it  ;  and  dif- 
courling  upon  this  afTair,  they  propofed  as  a 
proper  method,  that  the  ocean  fliould  be  di- 
vided betwixt  the  two  crowns,  by  a  ftraight 
line  down  from  the  Canaries  to  the  weft- 
ward,  and  that  all  the  feas,  iflands,  and 
conntries  from  that  wcftern  line  to  the  north- 
ward fhould  belong  to  the  crown  of  Cajlile 
and  Leon,  excepting  the  iflands  the  king  of 
Portugal  was  then  poflTefled  of  within  thofe 
limits  i  and  that  all  the  remaining  feas,  if- 
lands, and  countries  to  the  fouthward  of 
that  line,  ftiould  belong  to  the  king  of 
Portugal,  excepting  the  Canary  iflands, 
which  appertained  to  the  crown  of  Cajlile. 
To  whicn  their  catholick  majefties  an- 
fwered.  That  it  was  no  proper  method, 
bccaufe  nothing  throughout  all  the  ocean, 
but  what  has  been  mentioned,  belonged  to 
the  king  of  Portugal,  and  fo  the  affair 
remained  undecided  at  that  time,  the  king 


Vol.  V. 


cmbaiPa 
ion  in 

Sptin, 


of  Portugal  forbearing  to  fend  to  make  Hekrera 
any  difcoveries  in  that  part  their  catholick ^-''YN^ 
majefties  pretended  did  belong  to  them  i 
but  the  faid  king  of  Portugal  ftill  prcffing 
that  thefe  differences  might  be  adjufted, 
the  fame  was  afterwards  done. 

The  admiral  arriving  on  the  ifland  Hif-  The  AJ- 
faniola,  as  has  been  faid  above ,  made  the  yj! "'  ?" 
firft  land  on  the  north  fide,  where  he  fet"'Jf"""* 
afliore  one  of  the  Indians  he  brought  out 
of  Spain,  that  being  the  province  of  Santa- 
na,  that  he  might  tell  the  natives  the 
mighty  things  he  had  feen  in  Spain^  and 
induce  them  to  enter  into  amity  witn  the 
Chriftians.  He  readily  undertook  fo  to  do, 
but  was  never  more  heard  of,  and  it  was 
believed  he  died.  Going  on  to  point  A,i' 
gel,  fome  Indians  went  aboard  in  canoes 
with  provifions,,  and  other  thin3s  to  barter 
with  the  Spaniards.  Anchoring  at  Monte 
Chrijlo,  a  boat  made  to  a  river  towards 
the  land,  and  found  two  men  dead,  the 
one  a  youth,  the  other  old,  who  had  a 
rope  made  of  Spanijh  Efparto  about  his  neck, 
his  arms  ftretcned  out,  and  his  hands  ty'd 
acrofs  to  a  flick  i  but  they  could  not  dif- 
cern,  whether  they  were  Chriftians,  or  In- 
dians, which  made  the  admiral  conceive 
much  jealoufy,  and  troubled  him.  The 
next  day  being  the  26«i'  of  November,  he 
fent  more  men  feveral  ways  to  hear  what 
news  there  were  of  thofe  at  the  town  of  the 
Nativity.  Many  Indians  went  to  talk  with 
the  Spaniards  in  all  fecurity.  They  came  up 
clofe  to  them,  touched  their  doublet,  and 
fliirt,  faying,  tubon,  camifa,  that  is,  doublet, 
fliirt,  to  ftiew  they  knew  the  Spanijh  names, 
which  fomewhat  comforted  the  admiral, 
and  the  more  for  that  the  Indians  were  not 
afraid,  imagining  thofe  he  left  in  the  new 
town  were  not  dead.  On  wednefday  the 
ay'i",  he  came  to  an  anchor  at  the  mouth 
of  the  harbour  of  the  Nativity.  About 
midnight  a  canoe  came  up  to  the  admiral, 
and  faid,  Almirante,  that  is,  admiral ;  the 
Spaniards  '  id  them  come  aboard,  for  he 
was  there  ;  but  they  would  not,  till  they 
faw  and  knew  him.  They  gave  him  two 
well  wrought  vizor  masks,  and  fome  gold 
they  brought  as  a  prefcnt  from  the  Cacique 
Guacanagari.  Being  afltcd,  concerning  the 
Chriftians,  they  faid  fome  had  died  of  fick- 
nels,  and  others  were  gone  up  the  inland 
with  their  wives.  The  admiral  guefled  they 
were  all  dead,  but  was  fain  to  connive, 
and  fent  back  the  Indians  with  a  prefent  of 
brafs  baubles,  which  they  always  put  a 
great  value  on,  and  other  toys  for  the 
Cacique, 


U 


CHAP. 


a''.r 


iiiitt 


rt  !|i(i. 


626 


Obfervatiotts  mul  Discoveries  of 


CHAP.    XIX. 

'The  Admiral  lands,  finds  the  Spaniards  all  killed,  and  goes  to  vifit  King 

Guacanagari. 


nr, ': 


;'!),  « '   '  . 


Herrira  JnpHE  thurfilay  following  all  the  licet  cn- 
V-''Y"NJ  X  ter'd  the  port  \  they  faw  the  tort  burnt, 
and  thence  concluded  all  the  Chriftians  were 
dead,  which  troubled  them,  and  the  more 
for  that  no  Indian  appeared.  The  admiral 
went  afhore  the  next  day  very  much  con- 
cerned, finiiing  no  body  to  afk  any  quelli- 
on  of.  Some  things  belonging  to  the  Spa- 
niards lay  about,  which  was  a  melancholy 
light.  Columbus  went  up  the  river  with  the 
boats,  and  ordered  a  well  he  had  m  nic  in 
the  fort  to  becleans'd ;  but  nothing  was  found 
in  it,  the  Indians  fled  from  tiieir  houfcs,  lb 
that  there  was  no  man  to  enquire  of,  tho' 
they  found  fome  of  the  Chriilians  deaths, 
and  fo  he  returned.  They  dilcovered  ilvcn 
or  eight  men  buried  near  the  fort,  and 
others  fiirther  oiT,  whom  they  knew  to  be 
Chriftians  by  their  cloaths,  and  they  fcem- 
ed  not  to  have  been  dead  above  a  montli. 
Whiift  they  were  thus  feeking  aDout,  a  bio- 
ther  of  Guacanagari'^  rame  with  ibme  In- 
dians, who  fpoke  fome  little  SpaniJJ},  and 
named  all  thofc  who  had  been  left  in  the 
fort  i  by  whom,  with  the  aflillancc  of  one 
the  admiral  brought  back  out  of  Spain,  cal- 
led James  Columbus,  they  were  informed 
of  the  difafter.  They  declared,  that  as 
foon  as  the  admiral  was  gone,  the  Spaniards 
began  to  difagree  among  themfdves,  and 
dilbbcy  their  commander,  going  outdifor- 
derly  to  feize  what  women  and  gold  they 
had  a  mind  to ;  that  Peter  Gutierrez  and 
Efcovedo  killed  one  Jacome,  and  they  with 
nine  others  went  away  with  the  women 
they  had  taken,  and  their  goods  to  the 
lands  of  a  Cacique  called  Cannabo,  who  was 
lord  of  the  mines,  and  killed  them  all. 
That  fome  days  after  Cannabo  went  to  the 
fort  with  a  great  number  of  men,  there 
being  none  then  in  it,  but  the  commander 
James  de  Arana,  and  five  more  that  Itay'd 
with  him  to  defend  it,  which  he  fet  fire  to 
in  the  night,  and  that  thofe  who  were  in 
it  flying  to  the  fea,  they  were  drowned,  and 
the  reft  difperfed  themlelves  throughout 
the  ifland.  That  king  Guacanagari  going 
out  to  fight  Cawwaio,  in  defence  ot  the  Chri- 
ftians, was  wounded,  and  not  yet  recover- 
ed.   All  this  agreed  with  the  account  fome 


Spaniards  brought,  who  had  been  fent  b/ 
the  admiral  to  get  information,  and  com- 
ing to  Guacaiiagari's  town,  Ibund  him  ill  of 
the  wounds  he  had  received,  which  he  us'd 
as  his  excufe  for  not  waiting  upon  the  ad- 
miral. 

By  what  has  been  fiid,  and  feveral  other 
accounts,  it  appeared  that  there  had  been 
divifiop.  among  thofe  Chriftians,  which 
were  occafioned  by  tiie  Bifcainers ;  and  that 
had  they  been  united  among  themfdves, 
and  obeyed  the  admiral's  commands,  they 
would  not  have  mifcarry'd.  Guacanagari  Tlie  AJ- 
fent  to  dcfire  the  admiral  to  go  vilit  him,  mirjlvii'm 
he  not  being  able  to  go  abroad  by  reafon  ^"''•'""'''- 
of  his  wounds.  The  admiral  did  Co,  and^'"^'" 
the  Cacique  with  a  melancholy  countenance 
told  him  .dl  that  has  been  laid,  (hewing  him 
his  wourxls,  and  tiiofe  of  many  of  his  men  ; 
which  plainly  appeared  to  be  made  by  the 
weapons  the  Indians  ufed,  being  darts 
pointed  with  filh  bones.  When  the  dif- 
courfe  was  ended,  he  prefented  the  admiral 
with  eight  hundred  fmall  ftone  beads,  which 
they  fet  a  great  value  on,  and  ciWcibas,  an 
hundred  of  goKl,  a  crown  of  gold,  and 
three  little  calabaflies,  or  gourds,  by  them 
called  ybueras,  full  of  grams  of  gold,  tiio 
whole  weighing  about  two  hundred  pieces 
of  eight.  The  admiral  gave  him  feveral 
glafs  toys,  knives,  fcilTirs,  hawks-bells, 
pins,  needles,  and  little  lookinfy  glades, 
which  the  Cacique  thought  a  mighty  treafure. 
He  attended  the  admiral  to  his  quarters, 
admiring  die  horfes,  and  how  the  men  ma- 
naged them.  Tiiere  were  feveral  in  the  ar- 
my, and  ainong  them  /•".  Boyle,  who  ;'dvifed, 
that  Guacanagari  fliould  be  fecured,  till  he 
cleared  himi'df  better  of  the  death  of  the 
Chriftians,  who  had  been  left  in  his  charges 
yet  he  thought  it  not  convenient,  fince 
there  was  no  remedy  for  what  was  paft, 
and  it  was  not  proper  at  his  firft  f.iiing 
in  the  country  to  u)e  feveriry,  or  pro- 
claim war ;  befidcs  that  he  defigin.d  firlt 
to  gain  faft  footing,  fortify  himlelf,  and 

Elant  colonies,  and  lb  examine  the  matter 
y  degrees,  and  in  cafe  the  Cacique  were 
found  guilty  it  would  be  feafonablc  at  any 
time  to  punilh  him. 


CHAP. 


I 


Chap.  20. 


America  by  the  Europeans. 


627 


CHAP.     XX. 

Thi  Difference  mth  the  King  <?/' Portugal  adjvfted;  the  Jdtniral  l/uilds  the  Toiin 
of  Kabcia  in  the  JJland  Hifpaniola. 


fent  b/ 
id  conj- 
im  ill  of 
he  us'd 
the  ad- 

al  other 
lad  been 
,    which 
and  that 
mfelves, 
Js,  they 
caragari  The  AJ- 
I'u  him,  itiirilviiUi 
y  rcifon  '''"•'■••"- 
io,  and^'"^'" 
ntcnance 
vinghim 
lis  men  ; 
Ic  by  the 
ig   darts 
the  dif- 
:  admiral 
is,  which 
cibas,  an 
)ld,    and 
by  them 
5old,  tiii; 
ed  pieces 
Ti  feveral 
ks-bells. 

gldfes, 
■  trcal'ure. 
quarters, 
men  ma- 
in the  ar- 

dvil'cd, 
d,  till  he 
th  of  the 
s  charge ; 
-•nt,  fince 
was  palt, 
11  f:ding 

or  pro- 
':u,d  firll 
ifelf,  and 
le  matter 
iquc  were 
3le  at  any 


CHAP. 


THF,  importunity  of  the    Porltiguefes 
made  their  catholickmajefticsdeiirous 
to  put  an  end  to  that  controverfy,  to  which 
purpofe,    when   tiiey   were   a:  Tordefillas 
there  came  tiiithcr  as  embairidors    from 
that  king  Ruj  de  Sou/a,  lord  oi  Sngre,  and 
Birenguel,   Don  John  de  Sou/a  his  Ion,  liead 
regulator  of  the  weights  and  meafures  in 
Portugal,  and  the  Wctmmt  ylrias  d' /Imada, 
judge  of  the  houfhold,  all  of  king  'John's 
council.     Thefe  joining  with   Don  Henry 
Enriqucz,  his  cathalick  m;i)efty's  lord  high 
do"!"of     'Reward,  Don  Guticrre  de  Cardenas,   chief 
sLn  and  cofT'it'ndary  of /.«;/,  and  coniroller,  and 
Pcriiignt   dodor  Roderick  Maldonado,  all  of  tiie  king's 
meet,        council  •,  both  fides  being  fufficiently  em- 
powered to  fettle  and  adjuft  this  matter, 
by  the  points  of  the  compafs,  or  by  way 
of  latitude,  or  longitude,  or  as  they  fliould 
think  fit :  After  many  debates,  and  con- 
fulting  ot  feveral  cofmographcrs ,  admitted 
to  the  congrefs,    on  the  7'''  of  June  this 
fame  year   1493  they  agreed,  that  the  line 
of  divifion  fliould  be  drawn  ^70  leagues  ro 
the    weftward  of   that  mentioned   in   the 
pope's  bull,  from  the  idands  of  Cabo  Ver- 
ThedlfTe-  de ,    and  that  all  to  the  weftward  of  this 
rciicc  ad-  meridian   fliould   belong  to  the  kings  of 
^"' '  ■       Cajlile  and  Leon,  and  all  to  the  eaftward 
to  the  kings  of  Portugal;  fo  that  it  fliould 
be  free  for  the  kings  of  Cajlile  to  fail  thro' 
the  I'.'as  belonging  to  the  king  of  Portugal, 
following  their  dircd:  courfe.     That  what- 
foever  fliould  be  difcovered  before  the  20''' 
of  the  faid  month  of  June,  within  the  firft: 
two  hundred  fifty  leagues  of  the  faid  three 
hundred    feventy,    fhould  remain    to   the 
k'liigs'of Portugal,  Am\  whatfoever  was  with- 
in the  other   hundred  and   twenty  to  the 
kings  of  Cajiite  for  ever.     That  from  that 
time  forward  neither  fide  fliould  fend  fliips 
out  of  thofe  fliid  bounds  to  trade,  or  bar- 
ter ;    and   that    within  the   term    of   ten 
montiis  an  equal  number  of  fhi()s,  cofmo- 
gr.iphcrs,  and  j'e.unen  fliould  be   fent  on 
both  fides,  to  mark  out  the  line  and  limits. 
Thefe  articles  being  engrofled  before  Fer- 
dinand Alvarez  de  'Toledo,  I'ecretary  to  their 
cathol:,'-    najellies,  and  Stephen  Baez,  ie- 
cretary  to  the  king  of  Portugal,  were  fign- 
ed  by  the  former  at  Jrcvalo,  on  the  fecond 
of  July,   and  by  the  king  of  Portugal  at 
Ebora,  on  the  ;."'''  of  February,  the  follow- 
ing year.  Though  their  catholick  majefties 
on  the  7'''  ot  ALiy  that  fame  year,  ordered 
the  cofmograpiiers,    and  otiiers  who  were 
to  draw  the  line  of  feparation  to  meet,  and 
perform  it,  within  the  Ipaceof  ten  months 


in  cafe  it  was  required  of  them;  it  does  not  H«aRiR* 
appear  to  have  been  performed,  tliough  it  *"*'V*>i^ 

is  certain  their  catholick  majellies  endea- 
voured if,  but  the  Portuguefes,  who  aC 
this  time  had  conquereil  little  beyond  the 
ifland  of  St.  'Thomas,  under  the  equinodlial, 
that  they  might  not  be  outdone  by  their 
neigiibours,  applied  themfelves  fb  earneft- 
ly  to  their  bi'.fin»fs,  that  they  foon  paffed 
that  cape  fb  dreadful  to  the  ancients,  called 
of  Good  Hope,  which  juts  outs  lb  far  into 
the  fea. 

The   dmiral  was  now  in  the  port  of  the  Cokmius 
Nativity,  full  of  thought  how  he  P.ould  fecks  a 
behave  himfelf  to  give  a  good  beginning  '''"*'■ 
to  what  he  had  in   hand}    and  thinking  ^Jj^  ^ 
that  province  oi  Marten  a  very  low  coun-  town, 
try,  and  fcarce  of  Hone,  and  other  mate- 
rials for  b  jilding,  though  it  had  good  har- 
bours and  water  J  he  letblv'd  to  turn  back 
along  tiie  coaft  to  the  eaflward,  10  find  a 
convenient  place  to  build  a  town.     With 
this  defign  he  failed  out  on  fhturday  the 
ifvcnihoi December,  with  all  his  fleet,  and 
anchored   that  evening   near  tbnie   final! 
iflands  not  far  from  Alonte  Chrijh,  and  the 
next  day,    being  funday,    under  the  laid 
mountain ;   and  imagining   that  Monte  de 
Plata  was  nearci  to  the  ])rovince  of  Cibao, 
where  he  had  been  told  the  ricii  gold  mines 
were,  which  he,  as  has  been  laid,  fancied 
to  be  Cipango,    he  was  defiroiis  to  draw 
near  to  that  part.     The  wind  proved   fo     > 
contrary,  after  he  left  Monte  Cbrijlo,  that 
he  futi'ered  very  much,  becaufe  the  men 
and  horfes  were  fatigued,    and  could  not 
proceeu  to  the  port  of  Gracia  or  Grace, 
where  Martin  Alonjo  Pinzon  had  been,  and 
is  now  called  the   river  of  Martin  Alonfo, 
being  five  or  fix  teagues  from  Puerto  de 
Plata,  or  port  Plate;   and  was  forced  to 
turn  back  three  leagues,  to  a  place  where 
a  large  river  falls  into  the  ftx,  forming  a 
good  port,  tho'  lying  open  to  the  north- 
weft.     He  landed  at  an  Indian  town  there, 
faw  a  delightful  plain   up  the  river,    and 
obferved   that   the   faid    river   might    be 
drawn   out  into  trenches  to  run  through 
the  town,    and  to  place  mills  on,  and  ">- 
ther  conveniences  for  building.     He  there- 
fore refolvcd  to  ercft  a   town  there,  and 
ordered  the  men   and  horfes,  both  much 
fpent,  to  be  landed.     In  this  place  he  be- 
gan to  plant  a  colony,  being  tiie  firft   in 
the  IVcjl  Indies,  which  he  would  have  cal- 
led Ijdhela,  in  honour  of  qu'-cn  Ifahel,  or 
Elizabeth,  for  whom  he  had  extraordinary 
relpect  j  and  having  found  neceifaries  of 
4  ftone 


m 


!l»Ki, 


628 


Objervations  and  Dijcoveries  of 


M 


p^ ' 


The  S/o/- 
niarJt   fj 
tigucd, 
Ccken. 


Herrera  ilone  ami  lime,  with  all  elfe  he  coiiiii  wiHi, 
""^v-^  as  alfo  ttie  l.inil  extraordinary  fruitful,  he 
applied  himfclf  very  diligently  to  build 
ihccliurch,  magazines,  and  hisown  houie; 
divided  the  ground,  and  marked  out  the 
(Ireets  and  fquarcs.  The  publick  build- 
ings were  of  rtone,  the  others  of  timber 
ihatch'd,  according  to  every  man'i  abi- 
lity. 

The  men  being  fatigued  witii  a  long 
voyage,  as  not  ufcd  to  the  (u,  and  now 
toiled  with  clie  works,  fliorc  allowance, 
and  none  liking  the  country  breail,  they 
began  to  fall  Tick  apace,  by  rcafon  of 
the  change  of  air,  though  the  country  is 
of  itlllf  very  healthy,  and  tiiey  died  for 
want  of  conveniences,  and  becaufe  they  all 
laboured  alike.  Nor  did  it  lefs  afflidt 
them  to  be  fo  remote  from  their  native 
country,  without  hope  of  relief,  or  of  the 
gold  and  inimenfe  wealth  tney  had  con- 
ceited they  fhould  immediately  find.  The 
admiral  himfelt  did  not  efcape,  for  as 
his  toil  was  great  at  fea,  having  the  whole 
charge  of  the  fleet,  fo  it  was  nothing  lef- 
fened  afliore,  being  to  difpofe  and  order 
all  things,  that  they  might  fucceed  as  had 
been  hoped  from  him,  in  an  affair  of  that 
confcquence ;  fo  that  tho'  he  kept  his  bed, 
he  prcfp.'d  the  building  of  the  town,  and 
was  dcfirous  that  no  time  might  be  loft, 
or  the  provifions  fpent  in  vain,  to  difco- 
ver  the  iecrets  of  the  country,  and  be 
tlioroughly  informed   concerning  his   Ci- 


pango,  which  he  had  fo  much  miftakcn. 
the  Indians  affirming  that  Cibao  v/as  near. 
He  fent  out  Ojeilu  to  difcover  all,  with 
fifteen  men,  and  in  the  meanwhile  applied 
himfclf  to  fend  back  twelve  fliips  into 
Ca/lile,  keeping  five  of  the  biggcft,  two 
(hips,  and  three  caravels. 

yllonfo  lie  Ojtda  travelled  eight  or  ten  ll.nfo  it 
leagues  through  a  country  not  inhabited,  ^J'-^''  Jii- 
and  being  palled  a  mountain,  came  into  S"*'"  "P 
the  beautiful  plait  full  of  Indian  towns, 
wherp  he  was  well  received  and  entertained. 
He  came  to  Cibao  in  five  oi  fix  days, 
though  it  be  but  fifteen  or  twenty  leagues 
from  the  place  where  he  left  the  admiral ; 
but  he  could  r.ot  travel  any  faftcr,  by 
reafon  of  the  entertainment  he  received 
from  the  Indians,  and  the  many  rivers  and 
brooks  in  thofc  parts.  The  natives  and 
Indians  that  went  as  guides,  gather'd  gold 
in  the  prefence  of  Ojeda,  and  he  returned 
with  as  much  as  he  thought  fufficed  to 
fhew  what  plenty  there  was  of  it,  which 
proved  very  great,  and  gave  the  admi.-al 
extraordinary  (iitisfaftion,  as  it  did  after- 
wards to  all  the  reft.  With  thefe  famples, 
and  what  had  been  given  him  by  king 
Guacanagari,  all  which  he  fent  to  their 
catholick  majefties,  together  with  a  full 
relation  of  all  he  had  difcovered  till  that 
time,  he  difpatched  the  twelve  (hips,  under 
the  command  of  Antony  de  Tor  -«,  and  thus 
ended  the  year  1493. 


C  H  A  P.    XXI. 

Of  the  Uucajinefs  the  Admiral  had  ii'ith  his  Men,  and  his  March  towards  the 

Province  of  Cibao. 


THE  (hips  being  failed,  and  the  ad.mi- 
ral  recovering  of  his  ficknefs,  he  was 
informed,    that  fome  who  repented  their 
C  nfpin    having  undertaken  that  voyage,  had  cho- 

contrived  cither  to  (leal,  or  forcibly  take 
aw.iy  tiic  five  niiviiiiing  fiiips,  or  fome  of 
thfm,  ro  return  to  Spain.  He  ordered 
B.inal  c'e  Pijii  ro  be  fecured,  and  fent 
with  the  proiicdings  againft  him  in  a  (hip 
to  the  king.  Some  of  the  other  confpi- 
n'tors  he  caufed  to  be  punilhcd,  and  tho' 
ic  was  not  with  the  feverity  their  crime 
defcrved,  yet  his  enemies  took  occafion 
from  thence  to  tax  him  with  cruelty.  For 
this  real'on,  he  caufed  the  guns,  ammuni- 
tion, and  other  ftores  belonging  to  tiie 
four  fliips,  to  be  put  aboard  the  admiral, 
under  the  guard  of  fuch  perfons  as  he  could 
conliJ.e  in.  This  was  the  firft  mutinous 
attempt  in  i  •  IFcjl  Indies,  and  the  origi- 
nal of  all  t!>e  oppofition  the  admiral,  and 
Ilia  luccefibrs  met  with  in  thofe  parts  as  to 
tlicir  pretcnfions.     As   foon    as  Bcrnal  de 


Pi/a  was  arretted ,  an  information  drawn  Origin  of 
up  in  forn  againft  the  admiral  was  found  cnmmo- 
in  the  buoy  of  one  of  the  (hips,  whifh  he  """' 
alfo  refolved  to  fend  to  their  majefties.  Jj^"„i. 
Having  quelled  this  mutiny,  he  prepared 
to  go  with  the  beft  men  he  had,  to  vific 
the  province  of  Cibao,  and  to  carry  with 
him  labourers  and  tools  re  dig   for  gold, 
and  materials  to  build  a  flrong  houfe,  if 
1,:  fliould  be  requifite.     Accordingly  he  fet 
oui.  with  colours  flying,  drums  beating, 
trumpets  founding,    and  his  forces  drawn 
up,  and  fo  he  cnter'd  all  towns,  *o  gain  re- 
putation   among  the  Indians,    who  were 
amazed  at  it,  and  to  fee  their  horfes.   He 
departed  the  town  of  Ifabela  on  the  twelfth 
of  March,  leaving  his  brother  Dow  Jaw^i 
Columbus,  a  gentleman  of  a  peaceable  dif- 
pofition,   and  regular  behaviour,   whom 
he  had  brought  over  with  him  to  govern 
the  new  town.     That  day  ihey  marched  Hc  got* 
three  leagues,    and  lay  at  the  foot  of  a  i  .>  ili= 
craggy  pafs  on  the  mountains ;    and  the  ■"'"'=*  "^ 
Indian  ways  being  only  narrow  paths,  hc  *"   "' 

fent 


Chap.  22.  America  hy  //j^  Europeans. 


62p 


Rial. 


f?nt  bffore  the  pioncrrs  untlcr  the  condii6l 
(if  i'ome  gentlemen  to  level  the  w;iy,  for 
r-itrto  lie  wliich  reafon  th.u  w.is  cal'-d  el  Puerto  dt 
Hhi'ilgoi,  loi  Hidalgos,  that  is,  the  gLntlcmen's  pafs. 
in\  I'tg.i  On  thiirftlay  from  the  mountain,  they  dif- 
covered  the  great  plain,  which  is  one  of 
the  finefl:  in  tiie  world,  being  eighty  leagues 
in  length,  and  between  twenty  and  thirty 
over,  and  it  appeared  fo  beautiful,  green, 
and  delightful,  tiiat  the  men  thought  ihem- 
felves  in  Paradifc,  for  which  reafon  the 
admiral  called  it  Vega  Real,  or  the  Ro\al 
Plain.  Coming  down  from  the  mountain, 
they  crofs'd  the  plain,  which  is  there  Five 
leagues  over,  palTing  through  fcvcr.il  towns, 
where  they  were  kindly  received. 

Coming  to  the  great  river,  by  the  In- 
dians called  faqiti,  which  is  as  wide  as  the 
Ebio  at  Tortofa,  the  admiral  called  it  Rio 
r  WW  or  '^'' ''"  ^""'""^  Of"  '''^'^■"  of  canes,  forgetting 
Ora,  or  tli-^t  the  firlt  voyage,  when  he  was  in  the 
mouth  of  it,  he  had  given  it  the  name  of 
RicdelOio,  or  golden  river,  where  it  falls 
into  the  fca  near  Monte  Cbrijlo.  They  all 
lay  that  night  well  pleafed,  on  the  bank 
ot  this  river.  The  Indians  they  brought 
with  them  from  the  country  about  the 
town  of  Ifabela,  went  into  the  houfes  of 
iholc  towns  they  pafied  through,  and  took 
what  they  found,  as  if  it  had  been  in  pub- 
Jick,  the  owners  being  very  well  pleafed, 
anil  they  went  to  the  quarters  of  the 
Chriftians,  and  took  what  they  liked,  be- 


r,;u'. 


lieving  that  h.id  been  the  cuftom  among  HfHRtR* 
them.  Having  crofled  the  river,  the  next  -Of^N^ 
day,  in  canoes  and  floats,  and  the  horfe 
at  the  ford,  a  league  and  a  half  from  it 
they  found  another  river,  which  they  c.\\- 
\e.AdelOro,  or  of  gold,  becaufe  they  found /j,-^  ^,/ 
fome  grains  in  it  v  but  the  Indians  called  it  Oro,  or 
Nicaragua,  into  which  three  other  brooks  Niuiyagut 
fall.  The  firlt  of  them  is  Buenicum,  which 
the  Spaniards  named  RioSeto,  or  dry  river  j 
the  fecond,  Coatenicu ;  the  third,  Cibu,  all 
which  proved  extraordinary  rich  in  the 
fined  gold,  and  the  prime  wealth  of  Cibao. 
Having  paffed  this  river,  he  came  to  a 
town,  inoll:  of  the  inhabitants  whereof 
fled,  and  thofe  that  remained,  having  fee 
fome  canes  acrofs  at  their  doors,  thought 
thernfelves  fafe.  The  admiral  feeing  their 
fimplicity  gave  orders  that  no  wrong  fhould 
be  done  them,  which  made  them  take  cou- 
rage and  come  out.  He  went  on  to  an- 
other river,  which  for  its  delightfulnefs 
was  called  Rio  Verde,  or  green  river,  the  Rii  Vtrdi. 
bottom  and  banks  whereof  were  covered 
with  fmooth  pebble-ftones,  almofl:  round. 
On  fiturday  the  is'i",  they  pafled  by  o- 
thfr  towns,  where  they  alfo  thought  it  a 
fufficient  defence  to  crofs  canes  before  their 
doors.  Next  they  came  to  a  pafs,  which 
they  called  oi  Cibao,  becaufe  the  province 
oi'Cibao  commences  on  that  fide  at  the  top 
of  it. 


CHAP.    XXII. 

TJje  Admiral  continues  his  Progrefs,  builds  the  Fort  of  St.  Thomas,  and  returns 
to  the  Trj:,n  of  Ifabela ;  great  Sufferings  of  the  Spaniards. 


1 ;   I' 


Pioneers  were  fent  before  to  make  way 
thro'  the  pafs,  and  carriage  horfes  re- 
turned from  hence  ro  Ijabela  for  provifions, 
the  men  as   yet  not  relifhing  thofe  of  the 
country.     On  the  top  of  the  pafs  they  had 
afr.iin  a  delicate  profpeifl  of  the  plain,  for 
a  Dove  forty  leagues   on   both   fides.      In 
f  ,.- pro- fine,  they  entered  C/irto,  an  uncooth  pro- 
Mii.c.       vince  of  high  rocky  mountains,  called  Ci- 
I'.w,  from  Ciha,  a  (lone.     It  is  full  of  a- 
Inindance  of  rivers  and  brooks,  and  there 
is  gold  in  all  of  them  -,    but   there  are  few 
giein  trees,    the  land  being  very  barren, 
unhi's  in  the  tiottoms  on  the  rivers.     It  a- 
bounds  in  tall  1'pre.xding  pine-trees,  which 
bear  no  [Mm'-applis,  bur  fo  ordered  by  na- 
ture, that  tiiey  look  like  the  olive  trees  of 
Axarafe  at  Sevil.     The  province  is  every 
where  healthy,  the  air  temperate,  the  wa- 
ter.-i  fine  and   pleafant.     Little  grains  of 
golil  were  found  in  every  brook,  though 
roiiutiiius  large   grains  have  been  found. 
The    Indians  came  out   at  every  town  to 
meet  the  admiral,  with  prefents  of  pr-^vi- 
lion,  and  grains  oi  gold  they  had  gathered 
Vol.  V. 


after  they  underftood  it  pleafed  him.  He 
was  then  eighteen  leagues  from  Ifabela,  and 
difcovcred  feveral  gold  mines,  one  of  cop- 
per, one  of  azure,  and  another  of  amber ; 
of  which  two  there  was  but  little  :  for 
which  reafon,  and  becaufe  the  country  is 
very  craggy,  fo  that  the  horfes  could  not 
well  travel  it,  he  refolved  to  build  a  ftrong 
houfe  for  the  fecurity  of  the  Chriftians, 
and  that  they  might  thence  fubdue  the  pro- 
vince. He  made  choice  of  a  fpot  of  ground 
on  a  hill,  ilmoft  encompalTed  with  a  river 
called  Xanique,  which  tho'  it  yields  not 
much  gold,  is  nearer  many  that  have 
plenty.  The  tort  was  made  of  mud  and 
timber,  and  a  ditch  was  drawn  where  the 
river  did  not  endofe  it.  The  name  of 
St.  Thomas's  fort  was  given  it,  becaufe  the 
men  would  not  believe  that  ifland  afforded 
gold,  till  they  faw  it. 

In  the  foundation  of  this  fort  they  found 
nefts  of  flraw,    which  looked  as  if  they  N'^'w'tl* 
had  been  laid  there  few  years  fince,  and  [^^"""  '" 
in  them,    inftead  of  eggs,    three  or  four    "°^. 
round  ttones,    as  big  as   oranges.     Don 
7  X  Peter 


630 


Objervations  and  Difcoveries  oj 


f?  I 


ii  < 


1 1 1 K  K  K  R  A  l\ur  MaygtiriUyA  Cataloiiian  gentleman,  was 
^•''y^*^  Ml  governor olihe  tort,  with  lit'ty Hx  men, 
antl  the  aiiniir.il  returned  to  the  town  of 
Iftibela,  where  he  arrived  on  the  29'''  ot 
March,  found  the  men  much  fatigued, 
many  dead,  and  thofc  who  were  in  health, 
difconfol.ue,  fearing  every  hour  to  follow 
them,  and  ilill  the  more  fickcn'd,  as  the 
provifions  faikd,  and  the  allowances  were 
Ihortncd  i  and  this  was  partly  occafioned 
by  a  great  quantity  beirtg  i'^oiled,  through 
the  fault  of  the  fea-captains  ;  bcfides  that, 
thole  which  were  landed  in  good  condition 
could  not  keep  long  by  realon  of  the  heat 
and  dampncfs  of  the  country.  The  meal 
being  near  fpcnt,  it  was  requifite  to  make 
a  mill  for  grinding  of  the  corn,  anil  the 
labouring  people  being  fick,  the  better 
fort  were  obliged  to  work,  which  wa? 
mofb  grievous  to  them,  elpccially  wanting 
food.  This  misfortune  forced  the  admiral 
to  ufe  compulfion,  that  the  people  might 
not  {icrith,  rather  than  carry  on  the  pub- 
lick  works,  and  this  rendered  him  odious. 
Hence  /•'.  Bosl  began  to  be  inccnfed  againd 
the  admiral,  durging  him  with  cruelty  ; 
tlio'  others  lay  his  averfion  proceeded  from 
his  not  allowing  him  and  his  fervants  II) 
largely  as  he  defired.  Thus  nccef1ari(.s 
grew  hourly  more  fcarce,  not  only  among 
thofe  tiiat  were  in  health,  but  among  the 
fick  i  for  Ibmetimes  five  of  them  that  were 
purged  had  but  an  egg  apiece,  and  a  pot 
of  boiled  SpaniJ)}  peale  \  to  which  may  be 
added  the  want  of  medicines ;  for  though 
fomc  were  carried  over ,    they  did  not  a- 


Dirtrefs  of 
tlif  Spam- 
■irM. 


gree  with  all  conllituiiuns  ,  and  wli.il  was 
worfc  Hill,  tliey  iiad  no  body  to  help  and 
attend  tlK'i?'. 

Many  ii.en  well  born,  who  had  never 
undergone  lln  li  iLirdlliips,  feeing  no  hopes 
of  redrils,  as  bi'ing  lick  and  flarving,  died 
impatiently,  and  almoll  in  dcfpair  -,  which 
gave  occalion,  that  after  the  town  of  l/a- 
bela  was  abandoned,  it  was  rejiortcd  there 
were  dreadful  noifis  heard  in  that  place, 
lb  that  none  durll  go  that  way. 

VVIiilll  the  admiral  was  under  thii  af- 
flidion,  he  received  advice  from  fort  St. 
Tbom.is,  that  the  Indians  abandoned  their  The /»,•,. 
towns,  and  that  the  Cdiiyw  of  a  certain '"". ''">,in 
province,  whole  name  was  Caoiiabo  made'""''^' 
preparations,  to  reduce  the  fort.  He  im- 
mediately lent  thither  feventy  of  the  heal- 
thiell  men,  and  the  bcalfs  of  burden  laden 
with  provifioiu,  and  arms,  ami  as  many 
more  of  the  other  men  as  he  could,  leaving 
bthind  only  the  mechanicks,  appointing 
yJionjb  (Ic  Oji'du  for  their  capt.iiii,  with  or- 
ders to  him  to  Hay  in  the  fort,  and  Don  PdUr 
Afi'igiitiu-  to  take  the  field  with  the  llrong- 
eR  he  Could,  to  march  .dxiut  the  country, 
and  fliivv  the  Ii/Jiaiis  the  flreiigtii  of  the 
^j.amii)di ,  that  they  niif^hi  know  they 
were  to  fear,  and  obey  u.-m  •,  .;.-;l  this 
j)articularly  about  the  I'cga  Real,  or  Koyal 
Plain,  where  there  was  an  innumerable 
multitude  of  natives,  and  many  lords,  or 
Caciqius  i  as  alfo  that  the  Spaniards  might 
ufe  themfelves  to  cat  the  country  provifions, 
fince  the  Spanijfj  were  near  fpent. 


:  i* 


CHAP.     XXIII. 

Alonlb  de  Ojcda  marches  to  Fort  St.  Thomas,  and  the  Admiral  goes  out  to  dijcvuer 
farther  on  the  Coajl  of  Cuba,  and  finds  Jamaica. 


ALoufo  de  Ojtda  departed  the  town  of 
Jjabela,  on  the  gtb  of  ^Ipril,  with 
above  four  hundred  men,  and  as  (oon  as 
jxift  the  river  del  Oro,  or  of  gold,  feized 
t\\^  Caciqne  of  a  town,  with  his  brother  and 
nephew,  and  fent  them  to  Ifalxla,  and 
caufed  an  Indian's  ears  to  be  cut  off  in  the 
market  place.  This  he  did,  becaufc  when 
three  Spaniards  were  going  from  fort  S: 
Thomas  to  Jfabela ,  the  Cacique  gave  them 
five  Indians  to  carry  their  baggage  over 
the  river,  who  left  the  Chrillians  in  the 
middle  of  it,  and  returned  with  their  equi- 
page to  the  town,  for  which  the  Cacique 
was  fo  far  from  punilliing  them,  that  he 
kept  the  Iwggage.  Another  Cacique  of  an- 
otiicrtown,  feeing  thofc  above  mentioned, 
( arricd  away  prifoners ,  went  away  with 
tlicni,  believing  he  might  prevail  upon  the 
admiral  in  their  behalf,  on  account  of 
loiuc  good  turns  he  h,iddonc  ibe  Spaniards : 
He,  as  loou  as  they  came,  ordered  their 


heads  to  be  chopped  ofT  in  the  market 
place,  a  cryer  proclaming  their  offences  •, 
but  for  the  fake  of  the  other  Cacique  for- 
gave them.  Jufl  then  came  an  horfeman 
from  the  fort,  anil  faid,  the  Indians  of  the 
prifoner  Cacique's,  town  had  befet  five  Spani- 
ards, to  kill  them,  and  that  he  with  the 
help  of  his  horfe  had  refcued  them,  above  "^'"^ '"'" 
four  hundred  of  thole  pec-ile  HyinK  be-"-'  ."T' 
fore  him,  whom  he  purfued,  .md  wounded 
f'everal  with  his  fpear. 

'I'hus  the  commotions  that  were  feared 
in  the  illand  Ilifpanivla  fecmed  to  be  pa- 
cified for  the  prcfent,  and  the  admiral  rc- 
lolved  to  let  out  upon  dillovery,  as  he  had  A  counui 
been  dircded  by  their  catholick  majeilies,  >"  goveia 
and  his  own  inclination,  averfe  to  idlenefs,  ^'JP-'"''" 
dictated.     For  the  better  government    ol 
the  illand  he  conftituted  a  council,  whereof 
his  brother  Don  James  Coliivibus  was  ap- 
pointed prelident,     the    counlcllors   were 
/•'.    Boyle ,     Peter    Icrdinandez     Coronel  , 

the 


Chap.  23. 


America  by  the  Europeans. 


631 


bfjjm 


i\\\\.  was 
iclp  ami 

itl  never 
10  hopt's 
iig,  ilicJ 
-,  wliicli 
1  ot"  Ij'u- 
cd  there 
at  place, 

thij  at- 

fort  St. 
ned  their  The  /«//• 
a  certain"* 
tbo  made 

He  im- 
the  hcal- 
dcn  laden 
as  many 
1,  leaving 
ppointing 

witli  or- 
DoH  PiUr 
licllrong- 
;  country, 
,tli  of  the 
low    they 

.;r.l  this 

or  Royal 
nimerable 

lords,  or 
irds  might 
provifions. 


'0  dijcofver 


market 
offences  v 
acique  tor- 
horfeman 
lam  of  the 
fivei'/><i«(- 
.  with  the 
:m,  above  "T''''"^', 

wounded 

crc  feared 
to  be  pa- 
Imirai  rc- 
as  he  had  A  counu: 
maielties, '"  8°«'" 

idlenefj,/'-^''-'""'"' 
nment   oi 

whereof 

was  ap- 
llors  were 

Co'onel , 
the 


the  cliief  Alguazil,   or    ollicrr  of  jullicc, 
Aloi)lo  Sanchez  dt  Carvajal,   anil  'jfo/jii  ilc 
I.usan.     Don   Peter   Margarita   witlj   the 
forces  he  had,  being  above  (bur  hundred 
men,  was  ordered  lo  march  over  all  the 
illand ;  and  the  admiral  gave  them  all  I'uch 
inttrLitftions  as  he  thought  molt  convenient. 
Then  leaving  two  fhips  in  the  harbour  to 
ferve  upon  any  exigency,  he  fiiled  out  to 
Colunhui^    the  wed  ward  ,    on  thurfday  the   l^lh   of 
di'icove"y!  April,  with  one  great  Ihip,  and  two  cara- 
vels,   lie  proceeded  to  Monte  Cbrijlo,  and 
the  port  of  the  Niilivily,  where  he  enquircil 
for  Giiacanagari,  but  tho'  they  told  him 
he'vould  loon  come,  did  not  (lay  for  him. 
Then  he  advanced  to  the  illand  Torttiga, 
and  the  wind  proving  contrary  returned  to 
anchor  in  the  river  he  called  Guadalquivir. 
On  the  zglb  of  Jjrtl  he  reachetl  [xnt  St 


iliat  many  canoc"i  followed  the  (hips,  """«»* 
giving  fuch  things  as  they  hid,  and  rc-^^'^'*^ 
cciving  what  the  Spatiiurth  g  .ve  them  with 
great  (atisfadtion.  'J'hc  wind  being  always 
contrary  Cotumbin  rcfolved  to  return  lo 
Cuba,  to  be  fatislicd  whether  it  was  an 
0 and  or  continent.  This  fame  day,  being 
k  ie  I'ith  oi  May,  an  /w/i.;// youtii  came  ro 
ti.e  (hips,  defiring  by  figns  tliey  would 
take  him  along  in  them  ;  and  tho'  his  pa- 
rents and  kindred,  with  tears,  intreated 
him  not  to  go,  tiiey  could  not  prevail  ( 
but  he  rather  than  (ee  them  weep,  hid  him- 
felf  in  the  privated  parts  of  tiie  (liip. 

That  fame  day,   the  lii'i'  ot  May,  he  Ope  dt 
came  up  on  the  point  of  Cuba,  which  he  '■''■'"•  '" 
called  Ciibo  dc  Cruz,  or  cape  crofs,  and  run-  ^" 
ning  along  the  coall  witii  much  rain,  thun 
der  andligiuningj  met  many  flioals,  which 


Nicholas,  whence  he  difcovered  the  point  of    perplexed  him  ;  and  the  farther  he  advanced. 


Cojfts  a- 


P'ltrti) 


the  ifland  Cuba,  which  lie  nameil  Alpha 
and  Omega,  but  the  Indians  call  it  Bayati- 
quirt. 

He  crofs'd  the  (height  between  Ilifpardo- 
■  la  and  Cuba  ;  whicli  is  eighteen  leagues 
over  from  land  to  land,  and  beginning  to 
coaft  along  Cuba,  on  the  fouth  fide  dilco- 
vired  a  large  bay,  which  he  called  Puerto 
Grande,  or  great  harbour,  the  mouth  of 
it  being  a  hundred  fifty  paces  wide.  He 
anchored  there,  anu  me  Indians  came  in 
canoes  bringing  much  fi(h.  On  funday 
the  fth  of  A/i(;iTic  proceeded  farther,  hour- 
ly difcovering  very  notable  harbours.  He 
faw  high  mountains,  rivers  falling  into  the 
fea,  and  keeping  clofe  to  the  land,  infinite 
numbers  of  Indians  rclbrted  to  the  (hips  in 
their  canoes,  carrying  provifions  gratis,  as 
b!;lieving  the  Spaniards  came  from  heaven, 
and   the  admiral  always  gave  them  toys 


the  more  ("mall  iflands  he  inct  with,  fomc 
of  them  all  llmd,  others  full  of  trees.    The 
nearer  they  lay  to  Cuba,  the  higher,  green- 
ner,  and  more  beautiful  they  appear'd,  Ibmc 
being  a  league,    Ibme  two,    ibmc    three, 
anil  (bme  four  in  compafs.     The  fir(l  day 
he  difcovered  tiicr.i  ne  faw  many,  the  next 
many  more  i  in  fliort  they  were  numbcr- 
lefs,  and  there  being  no  giving  a  name  to 
every  one,  he  called  them,  tl  Jarden  de  la  'Ji'-^ii  </' 
lieyna,  tl;e  Queen's  Garden.      There  were  '.".  ^2"' 
channels  between  them,   which  iiie  (hips' 
could  pafs  through,  and  in  frme  of  them 
they  found  a  fort  of  birds  'ike  red  cranes, 
which  are  only  to  be  feen  In  CubaznA  thefe 
fmall  iflands,  living  only  on  the  (alt  water, 
and  Ibmething  they  fin'i  in  if,  and  when 
any  of  them  are  kcp',  in  the  houfe,  they 
feed  them  with  'azal .,  which  is  the  Indian 
bread,  in  a  pan  of  fait  and  water.     There 


la-nnUa 

A.-'OVcrM 


tisfied,  thofe  Indiums  he  had  with  him  who 
had  been  in  Spain,  fpeaking  kindly  to 
them.  He  rcfolved  to  turn  to  the  fouth- 
call,  bccaufehe  there  difcovered  an  ifland, 
which  was  Jamaica,  and  fome  believe  it 
might  be  th.it  the  Lucayo  Indians  fo  often 
(poke  of  by  tne  name  ot  Babeche,  or  Bobio. 
Monday  the  ij,lh  of  May  he  came  upon 


with  which  they  went  away  extremely  la-     were  abimdaceof  tortoifes,  as  big  a-^  large 

bucklers.  They  law  cranes,  like  thofe  in 
Spain,  crows  and  Icveral  torts  of  finging 
birds,  and  the  iflnnds  exhaled  fwiy.t  otiours. 
They  difcovered  a  canoe  full  of  ti(lierme;i, 
who  (tood  Hill  without  any  tokens  of  f'.ar, 
expefting  the  approach  of  the  Chrillians. 
They  fiflied  on,  and  tfK>k  tome  fidics  they 

,  ,  .         ,         call  reves,  the   largeft  whereof  are  about  J?/cy;, 

the  foafl  o(  'Jamaica,  which  he  thought  the  fize  of  a  pilchard,  having  a  roughnefs  ''"•'H  ''''> 
the  beautifalleft  ifland  of  all  he  luid  yet  on  the  belly,  which  when  clung  to  any  ''^'^  '■'j'^l* 
feen,  and  infinite  numbers  of  canoes  came  thing,  they  may  be  fooner  torn  in  ■  es 
to  the  fhips.  The  boats  being  lent  to  found  than  removed  from  the  place.  They  ty'd 
and  find  out  a  port,  abundance  of  armed  thefe  by  the  tail,  with  a  fmall  cord,  two 
canoes  came  out  to  hinder  the  landing  of  hundred  fathom,  more  or  Icfs,  in  length, 
the  Spaniards.  The  admiral  went  ott  to  and  the  fifli  fwimming  along  on  '.he  fur- 
face  of  tiie  water,  or  near  it,  when  it  came 
where  there  were  any  torrciics  in  the  tea, 
clung  to  their  under  (hell,  fo  that  the  men 
drawing  the  firing  took  a  tortoife,  weigh- 
ing an  hundred  weight,  or  more.  In  the 
fame  manner  they  take  (harks,  molt  fierce 
and  ravenous  creatures,  that  devour  men. 
The  fifhing  being  over  the  Indians  came 

aboard 


another  place,  wiiicli  he  called  Puerto  hue- 
no,  or  good  port,  where  the  fame  oppofi- 
tion  was  made,  and  therefore  he  lent  a 
volky  of  arrows  out  of  the  crofs-bows  at 
thcni,  wherewith  fix  or  fevcn  being 
wounded,  the  refl:  came  peaceably  to  the 
fliil-s.  '1  iie  next  (riday  he  (ailed  along  the 
c<i.iil  to  the  welhvard,  fo  near  the  (liorc. 


'^1 


I'^l 


!il! 


i 

ill 


■n 


'm 


632 


Observations  md  Discoveries  of 


l!i; 


'•Ihi 


■     I 


If 


Hp«kf.«a  aboard  the  diips,  thcaiiniir.il  (irdcrcil  thi-y 
^'^^^'/"^  Ihould  h.ivc  toys  given  them,  anil  was  in- 
formal there  were  many  more  iflanils  tor- 
ward.  He  held  on  his  way  wellwaril  among 
the  ifl.inds,  with  he-ivy  r.iin,  thunder,  and 


yet  till'  Hiip  otien  tDiuhed.  and  (\ur!<, 
.mil  eauled  nuuh  l.iliour  to  get  her  otF, 
I  Ic  tovmd  ,m  illand  i.irger  th.m  tlic  rell,  and 
(allfd  it  i'.i«/,i  Malta,  in  whieh  there  was 
a  town,    .duind.\nie  nt    lifh,  dumb  do[^"i. 


lightning  every  evening,  till  the  moon  was     |',r'' 11  llotks  ol  red  tr.mes,  pirrois,    and 
up ;  and  :iio'  all  imaginable  care  was  taken,     otlu-r  birds  -,  .uid  the  peojile  fled  for  fear. 

C  H  A  P.     XXIV. 

The  Admiral  under/lands  that  C'liba  is  an  ijlatid  5  hov.'  jmich  he  fn/Jired  dmitig 
this  Foyagc,  and  -what  happened  to  him  Kith  an  old  Caciiiue. 


Co.ill  of 
Cubj. 


V.ifl 
flight!  ot 
birdt  and 
butterflic; 


TTlE  admiral  wantmg  w 
to  leave  the  fmall  iflands,  and  dr.iw 
near  to  Cuba.     By  reafon  of  the  thiiknefs 
of   the  trees,    there  w.is  no  difeovering, 
whether  there  were  any  towns,  or  not}  but 
a  failor  going   afliore   with  ,1  crofs-bow, 
met  thirty  men  armed  with   fpears,    and 
mazanas,   which  are   the   wooden   fwords 
they  ufed.     This  feaman  faid,  he  faw  one 
among  them  who  h.»d    .  .vhitc  tunick,  or 
garment  down  to  his  heels ;  but  he  could 
not  be  found,  tho'  fought  after,  for  they 
all  fled.  Proceeding  about  ten  leagues  10 
the  wcftward,  they  fpied  houfes,    wlui/.e 
fome  men  came  in  canoes,  bringing  pro- 
vifions,  and  calabadies  full  of  water,  for 
which  the  admiral  returned  toys.  He  de- 
fired  they  would  permit  him  to  take  an  In- 
dian along  to  (hew  him  the  way,  and  ibme 
particulars}  and  tho'  unwillingly,  they  con- 
fented.     This    man   almofl:   fatisfied  him 
that  Cuba  was  an  illand,  and  that  the  king 
of  it  farther  along  the  wellern  coalt,  only 
talked  to   his  peopled  by  figns,  and  was 
obeyed  by  tiiem.     Holding  on  their  way, 
tlie  fhips  came    upon  a    bank  of    land, 
which  had  one  fathom  water,  and  was  two 
Hiips   length   over.     Here    they   were   in 
great  anguifh,  being  obliged  with   much 
difficulty  to  ply  all  their  capllains,  to  wind 
them  over  into  a  deeper  channel.     The  fea 
was  all  covered  with  mighty  tortoifes.     A 
flight  of  fea  crows,    like  a  cloud,    pafTed 
over  them,  darkning  the  fun,  coming  from 
the  fea,  and  alighting  on  Cuba.     No  lefs 
numbers  of  pigeons,  fea-gulls,  and  other 
forts  of  birds  followed  after  them.     The 
next   day  fuch    multitudes  of  butter  flics 
came  10  the  fhips,  that  they  hid  the  ligiit 
of  the  fun,  and  held  till  night,  when  the 
great  rains  carried  them  away.     The  In- 
dian informing  that  the  iflands  continued 
all  along  that    way,    fo  that  the  danger 
and  toil  would  encreafe,  when  at  the  fime 
time  provifions  began  to  fail,  the  admiral 
thought  fit  to  return  to  Hifpaniola.  To  fur- 
nilh  hiinfelf  with  wood  and  water,  he  made 
to  an  ifland  about  thirty  leagues  in  com- 
pafs,  which  he  called  tlie  Evangclijl,  and 
leemed  to  be  about  feven  hundred  leagues 
from  Dofiiiiiica,  and  is  fuppofed  to  be  that 


tliey  now  call  IJla  de  Piiios,  or  the  Illand 
of  I'ines,  fo  that  there  w.is  not  much  want- 
ing to  difcDver  the  fartiier  point  of  C«/i^/, 
being  but  about  thirty  fix  leagues  •,  lb  that 
he  failed  upon  this  dilcovery  three  hun- 
dred thirty  three  leagues.  Computing  his 
voyage  by  agronomical  rules,  from  Cadiz 
to  the  weflermolt  jiart  of  Cuba  he  found 
he  h.id  failed  75  degrees  in  longittule,  which 
amount  to  live  hours  ii.  the  dillcrence  of 
tiiiie. 

On  friday  the   13'"  oS  "June,  he   turned 
to  the  fouthward,  .md   taking  tliroiigh  a 
channel  he  thought  the  belf,  found  it  unpaf- 
lible,  which  dilcoura^^ed  tlie  men,  feeing 
)b  much  danger,  and  confidering  they  want- 
ed provifions;    but  by  the  admiral's  con- 
trivance, and  refolution,  they  got  out  the 
fame  way  they  came  in,  and  returned  to 
the  Evangelijl's  ifland.  He  departed  thence 
to  the  north-weft,  ro  view  certain  illands, 
which  appeared  a  little  above  five  leagues 
ort',   where  they  fell  into  a  fea  that  was  lull 
of  green  and  white  fpots,  looking  as  if  it  Several 
were  all  fhoais,    though  there    were  two  "'!""''  i'l 
fathoms  of  water.     At  feven  leagues  dif-  '''"  '"' 
tance  they  came  into  a  very  white  lea,  which 
looked  as  if  ir  had  been  condL-nftd,  Seven 
leagues  farther  they  found  another  fea,  as 
black  as  ink  which  was  five  fathom  deep, 
and  failed  thro*  it  till  they  came  u  jon  Cz/^j, 
the  failors  bemg  much  amazetl  tj  fee  fuch 
changes  in  the  fea  •,  which  is  certainly  con- 
cluded to  proceed  from  the  bottom's  beingof 
that  colour,  and  not  the  water,  as  the  Por- 
tttguefes  affirm  of  the  Red  Sea ;  and  fuch  fpots 
have  been  feen  in  the  fouth  and  north  leas. 
Among  the  windward  iflands  there  are  other 
white  fpots,  becaufe  the  bottom  is  wliite, 
fo  that  it  proceeds  from  the  tranfparcncy. 
He  departed  Cuba  to  tlie   eallward,    the 
wind  fcant,  through  channels  full  of  llioals  \ 
and  on  the  jo'i'  of  June  t'  .  admiral's  flip 
ftuck  aground,  whicli  when  it  could  not  be 
drawn  otf  allern  with  anchors  and    cables, 
was  forced  away  ahead,  by  the  admiral's 
ingenuity.     He  proceeded,  holding  no  re- 
gular courfe,  but  as  the  channels  and  flioals 
would  permit,  through  a  very  white  fea, 
and  had  great  fhowers  of  rain  every  even- 
ing     He  drcv  near  to  the  land  of  Cuba 

about 


Chap.  25. 


America  by  the  pAU-opcans. 


633 


null  in 
Cuia. 


about  the  place  where  he  came  on  fir(l  to 
thi-  c.illwarit,  where  tlic-y  I'tiiilt  moll  fra- 
grant odours,  as  ot  (lonx,  procceiling 
Iroin  the  wooJ  the  Indiain  burnt.  On  thi- 
TliejJmi  7""  of  July,  lie  went  athorc,  to  hear  mals, 
r.il  licari  aiiii  whillt  it  was  faying,  an  old  Cacique 
came  to  the  place,  who  ohftrveil  every 
thing  the  pried  diil,  how  rovcrtntly  the 
L'iirilUans  Ijc-havcil  thcmltlvcs,  the  rcfiK'tt 
they  p:iii.i  to  the  admiral  when  tiie  fax  was 
given  him,  anil  lu|)poling  him  to  be  the 
lupcrior  of  all  the  re(f,  he  prclinxd  him  a 
fort  of  that  (O'lntry  fruit,  in  a  calabafli, 
or  pourd,  called  in  that  country  •jbueras, 
ferving  inlleail  of  porrengers,  and  fit  down 
by  him  on  his  hams,  for  fo  they  do,  when 
they  have  not  their  low  chairs,  -.nd  dif- 
courfed  him  as  follows, 

•'  You  are  come  inf"  tliefe  coun- 
"  tries,  which  you  r  ,er  fiw  before, 
tlim.' '  '"  "  *"''  ^  niit;hty  po'.er,  and  h.ive  (Iruck 
"  a  great  terror,  fcj  mull  underlland, 
"  that  acconling  to  the  notion  we  have 
*'  here,  there  arc  two  places  in  the  other 
"  world,  which  fouls  go  to  i  the  one  dark 
«'  antl  difmal  prepared  for  thofe  who  do 
"  ill  ;  the  other  is  pleafant  and  dclight- 
"  full,  where  they  are  to  be  entertained 
•'  who  promote  peace  among  mortals.  If 
"  therefore  you  Ixlieve  you  are  to  die,  and 


An  olil 


"  that  every  man  (hall  be  there  rewarded,  MtmuA 

"  attording  to  what  he  h.is  iKlerved  here,  Vik'^W^ 

"  you  will  do  no  harm  to  thole  who  do 

"  you  none.     What  you  have  ilonc  here 

"  IS  gooti,  loi  1  take  it  to  be  a  Ibrni  of 

"  returning  thanks  to  Goo.    He  fiid,  he 

'«  had  bei  n  in   lliJi'ainalii.,    'Juiihiua,  anil 

"  the  l.irihir  part  ot  tuba,   and  that  the 

"  lord   ol   that   country  was  clad  like  a 

"  priell. 

All  this  tlieailniir.il  uuderllood  by  moans 
of  the  inti  rpreters,  and  was  aivuzeil  at  the 
old  hiJtuii's  ii.genious  difcourle,  to  which 
he  anfwered,  "  He  was  glad  that  himfelf 
"  and  the  natives  of  that  country  believed 
'«  the  immortality  of  the  foul,  that  he  was 
"  lent  by  his  lovi  reigns  their  majefties  of 
"  Spain  to  view  thofe  countries,  and  fee 
"  whether  there  were  any  men  in  them 
"  that  did  wrong  to  others,  as  he  under- 
"  Hood  the  rrt;/(i'.7/.(  did,  and  to  curb  them, 
'«  and  endeavour  they  fliould  all  live  in 
"  peace."  The  old  Inriian  flietl  tears 
hearing  ihefe  laft  words,  declaring  he 
would  go  away  to  Spain  with  him,  had  he 
not  a  wife  and  children  i  and  having  re- 
ceived fonie  toys  from  the  admiral,  knelc 
down,  exprelling  much  admiration,  often 
alking,  Whether  it  was  heaven  or  earth 
where  thofe  men  were  born. 


yi 


Theailmi 

itcfleJ. 


Jjnuiij, 


ijnl, 


4^} 


CHAP.   xrv. 

7he  Admtrai  returns  to  Hifpanioia,  and  finds  ht.  Brother  Don  Bartholomew 

Columbus  there. 


Tl  IR  admiral  leaving  that  place,  where 
the  old  Indian  difcourfed  him,  the 
winds  and  llorms  of  rain  feem'd  all  to 
have  confpired  to  fatigue  him,  and  among 
the  reft,  fo  great  a  fpout  fell  upon  him,  as 
almoft  laid  his  deck  under  water,  fo  that 
it  feem'd  to  be  a  fpeclal  providence  that 
they  could  (Irike  their  fails,  and  at  the 
fame  time  drop  their  fticet  anchors.  They 
took  in  fo  much  water  above  the  deck, 
that  they  could  fcarce  difcharge  it  with 
the  pumps ;  nor  was  it  the  leaft  part  of 
their  trouble,  to  be  now  reduced  to  no 
other  allowance  but  a  pound  of  rotten 
bilkct  a  man,  and  half  a  pint  of  wine, 
there  being  no  other  provifions,  unlefs  they 
took  fome  filh.  With  thefe  difficulties  he 
came,  on  the  i8th  of  Jul'j,  to  cape  Cruz, 
or  crois.,  where  he  relied  three  days,  bc- 
caufe  the  Indians  entertained  him  very  lov- 
ingly, carrying  him  of  tlieir  fruit  anJ  pro- 
vifions. On  tuefday  the  22'',  the  winds 
being  contrary,  he  returned  towards  the 
ifland  of  Jamaica,  which  he  called  Santi- 
ago. He  ran  along  its  coaft  to  the  well- 
w.ird,  admiring  its  delicioufnefs,  and  the 
ports  he  found  at  almolt  every  league's 
diltance:  abundance  of  Indians  following 
Vol.    V. 


in  canoes,  who  freely  gave  their  provifions, 
which  the  Spaniards  thought  better  than 
thofe  of  the  other  iflands ;  but  he  never 
miffed  every  evening  of  heavy  rains,  which 
he  faid  were  occafioned  by  the  many  woods. 
He  faw  a  very  beautiful  bay,  with  feven 
fmall  iflands,  on  the  edge  of  the  lea,  one 
of  which  was  extraordinary  high  land,  and 
had  abundance  of  towns.  The  admiral 
thought  it  very  large,  but  afterwards  it 
appeared  to  be  Jamaica  itfelf,  being  eighty 
leagues  in  length ,  and  fifty  in  breadth. 
The  weather  growing  calmer,  he  turned  to 
the  eaft ward,  lowArds  Hifpanioia,  and  the 
utmoft  land  of  it,  being  a  c  pe  that  ftretch- 
es  out  towards  Jamaica,  v.hich  he  called 
Cabode  Ferol,  or  cape  Lighthoufe  ■,  and  on 
wedncfday  the  20th  of  Aiigujl  faw  the  well- 
ermoll  cape  of  the  ifland  Hifpanioia,  which 
he  named  St.  Michael's,  and  is  now  called 
cape  Tiburon,  being  twenty  five  or  thirty 
leagues  from  the  eaitermofl:  jxjint  of  Ja- 
maica. On  faturday  the  2  2d,  a  Cacique 
came  to  the  (hips  crying,  almiranle,  almi- 
rante,  that  is,  admiral,  admiral,  whence 
he  inferred  that  mult  be  the  point  of  Hi- 
fpanioia, tor  till  then  he  knew  it  not.  At 
the  end  of  Augujl  he  anchored  at  a  fmall 
7  Y  ifland. 


;:,.!! 


63+ 


Ohjervalions  and  Dijcovertes  oj 


'J 


I    ■    ! 


lltK      P  K  A 

illiiul. 


/.I   Am /I 


Hgf'y 

wjrlilte 
province 
in  ll:jfj- 


iflmJ. 


ifliivl,  whicli  Inoks  liki-  .i  \u\,  iHaiilV  it 
is  high,  .mdcilK^I  it  Mohtn,  Ixiiimwilve 
l(M[;iif.  troni  /<<  Htuitii.  'I'lu-  (iiikt  two 
Jliips  luiiigoutot  li(?lii,  hi-  c.iuli  i  liiiiv 
nu'H  to  i',n  ii|>  to  thf  ton  ol  tlic  illiiid  im 
tiiliovir  ihfin,  .mil  the  Icinu-n  kill 'il  tivr 
lt;.i!»  tint  l.iy  .illicp  on  tlic  l.imis,  knoikM 
down  miny  birds  with  ll.ives,  and  took 
fomc  with  their  hands,  lor  that  j'art 
not  being  inhabited,  thi-y  llfd  not  liom 
them. 

Alter  fix  days,  the  otiicr  fliips  came 
lip  J  th'.-y  proceeded  to  the  illan  I  /,(  lii-.Ha, 
which  is  rinall,  and  thence  (odl  it  alony 
lliffnmoiii  to  A  river,  on  wl  iih  (its  a  cu- 
rious pUin,  Very  jiopulou^,  now  i.iiled 
de  Ciliiiiii.i,  that  isC(ilhfri>!i-\,  Ironi  a  la- 
dy it  belonged  to.  'l"he  Iiitliiiis  came 
aboard  in  canoes,  faid  the.s'/./wi./rr/i  ol  l/a- 
ifhi  town  h.id  been  there,  and  were  all  well. 
Cbiumhiis  (ail'd  on  laltw.ird,  and  dilco- 
vend  .1  ^reat  town,  tow.uds  which  h(;  lent 
the  bo.its  tor  water.  The  Indians  came 
out  armeii,  and  their  arrows  w  ere  jioiloned, 
tlireatning  to  binil  thv  Sjuinint  ,li  with  cords 
tluy  Iheweil,  and  this  was  the  province  ol 
lli^iiey,  whole  natives  were  the  moll  war- 
like ol'any  inl/ijfaHiola.,  and  uled  poil'onM 
arrows  5  yet  as  foon  as  the  boats  came 
up,  they  laid  liown  their  arms,  enijuired 
lor  the  admiral,  and  carried  provilions. 
Sailing  Hill  on  to  the  eallward,  they  law  a 
large  lilh,  like  a  I'mall  whale,  with  a  Ihell 
as  large  as  that  ol  a  tortoil'e  on  die  neck, 
and  that  is  as  big  as  a  target.  The  heatl, 
which  it  held  above  water,  was  like  a  calk, 
vr  pipe,  the  tail  like  that  ol  the  tunny 
lilli,  very  large,  and  two  v.iU  lins  on  the 
fides  ■,  by  this  fifh  and  other  tokens  in  the 
Iky,  the  admiral  guelled  the  weather  would 
cliungc,  and  therefore  endeavoured  to  put 
into  a  I'mall  iiland,  which  the  htdiam  tall 
/liliimaiios,  antl  the  Spnuiardi  Saona,  be- 
tween which  and  Hifpaniolu  is  a  llrcight 
little  above  a  league  over,  and  the  iflaml 
is  about  two  leagues  in  length.  There  he 
anchored,  and  the  other  two  Ihips  not 
being  able  to  get  in,  run  great  ilanger. 
'rii.u  night  theailmiralobl'erved  the  ecliple 
ol  rhc  moon,  and  declared  the  dilTerence 
bi  twcen  that  plate  and  Cadiz  was  five  hours 
and  twenty  three  minutes ;  he  IVayed  there 
light  days,  and  the  other  fhips  having 
joined  him,  they  failed  away  on  the  24''' 
of  Sfjtember  and  arrived  at  Cabo  de  Erga- 
rio,  or  Cape  Deceit,  in  IJt/fatiiola ,  which 
the  admiral  cdled  of  St.  Raphael;  then 
touched  at  the  ifland  Mona,  ten  leagues 
from  llijl'^niiclu,  and  eight  fromiV.  'John's., 
ulrh  lix  in  coiiipafs,  where  moll  delicious 
melons  grow,  as  big  as  a  two  gallon  vefli-'l. 


1)' parting  Afon  1,  near  S.  John  dt-  I'nerto 
tiiio ,  he  was  lei/.cd  by  (o  violent  a  le- 
thargy, that  he  quite  loll  his  lenlit,  li» 
th.it  II  was  colli  hulcil  he  louKI  not  live; 
lor  whiih  rr.ilun  the  liMinen  made  the  bell 
ol  their  way,  ,ind  .ill  the  Ihips  arrived  to 
gitlier  at  tlie  |)ort  of  liaLl.t,  on  the  :cj<i> 
of  St/ lent' er,  without  any  more  alluraricc 
ol  (.'u!>  ''•>  beiii'T  .111  iiland,  than  what  the 
Indi.in  had  told  them.  I  lere  the  admi- 
ral underllood  that  his  brother  Don  Har- 
tholutnew  C.uiumhus  was  in  the  town,  .ind 
that  the  liidiaiis  nt  the  ill md  were  in  arms 
ag;i;"ll  the  L'lirillians. 

I  he  .uimir.d    w.is   wonderfully   plealed  Bjnhlt 
with  the  arrival  ol   hisbroiher,  of  whom  "'«' <■'•• 

it    in.iy  be  acceptable  to  give  an  aciount,  ';"'*'''•, 
I    .       '  1     !•         .  ,T     '"'  "I'm- 

Uiore  we  proued,  lime  he  went  to  oiler  ,,1,  bro- 
this  dil'iovery  to  the  kiin;  of  EngLuul.  ihcr. 
He  was  long  on  his  way  to  that  kingdom, 
and  fpeni  much  time  in  learning  the  l.m- 
giiage,  the  manm  r  of  loliciting  at  court, 
and  gaining  adiiiiHion  to  the  minillry  ^  fo 
that  id:cr  kven  years  (pent,  he  .igreed  .mil 
articled  with  king  lUmy  the  7'''  tin  n  n  if'ii- 
ing,  .md  reiurned  towards  Spain,  to  I'ind 
uui  Ins  brother,  who  having  heard  nothing 
of  him  in  fo  long  a  lime,  concluded  him 
dead.  At  Pan:  he  w.is  i.itormed,  he  h.ul 
made  the  difcovery,  and  was  already  ad- 
miral, which  was  told  him  by  king  Charles, 
Called  the  lieadlhong,  who  g,ive  him  loo' 
crowns  tow.irds  hi-,  journey  j  and  tho'  he 
made  hallc,  his  brother  was  gone  the  fe- 
cond  time,  with  the  feventeen  fail  belore 
mentioned,  and  received  inllriidions  kit 
him  by  the  admiral.  I  Ic  went  to  kifs  their 
m.ijillies  hands,  and  to  vilit  his  nejihews 
Din  James,  and  Don  Ferdinand  at  I'allado- 
lid,  where  the  court  then  refilled,  and 
they  were  pages  to  prince  John.  Their  c.i- 
tholick  m.ijellies  did  him  much  honour, 
and  ordered  him  to  go  to  the  /ndies  with 
three  fhips,  that  carried  provifions  for  the 
admiral.  He  arrived  there  in  /fpril  this 
fame  year,  and  found  his  brother  was  gone 
to  difcovcr  Cub.t.  The  admiral  thought 
his  brother  would  be  fome  eaf-  and  com- 
fort to  him,  .mil  gave  him  the  title  of 
Alelantiido,  being  as  much  .is  lord  lieu- 
tenant, wiiich  their  catholick  majellies  were 
offended  at,  declaring  it  was  not  in  the  ad- 
miral's power  to  make  him  fo,  ic  belonging 
only  CO  them  to  give  that  title;  yet  lome 
years  after  they  confirmed  it.  Don  Bar- 
tholomnv  was  a  difcreet  man,  and  as  (kil- 
fiil  in  lea  affairs  as  his  brother,  fomewhat 
harfli  in  his  temper,  very  brave  and  blunt, 
which  made  fome  men  hate  him;  he  had 
other  commendable  qualities  becoming  a 
refolute  and  wife  man. 


C  II  A  1'. 


Chap.  16. 


America  hy  the  luiropeans. 


^35 


CHAP.     XXVI. 

Tht  Indians  grou.'  wtary  of  the  Spaniards,   and  Alonfo  de  Ojcda  facurts  the 

Ciaciquc  Claoiiaho. 


TO  nturn  to  the  all'iirs  of  Hijpttiiiola, 
the    .iJinir.kl  having  Ictt  tin:  (.oiiikH 
to  i^ovtrn  there,  ,iiul  Don  I'etrr  Miirg.iritf 
to  toiniiuiKl  the  4(10  men  .il)(>veiiiciitioiKd, 
ti)  the  intent  .ilorelaiil  i  he  nureheil  .iw.iy 
With    thun  to   the  rtga  Rr.il,    or  Koy.il 
I'lain,    10  leagues  lioiii  the  town  ot   I/a- 
Dif>  r.lffi  Mi>    I'liil  quiirtercil   them  in  tl,'-   towns, 
ot />i/V  where  they   lived    without  any   crder,  or 
iir  Mar-    ilil'cipline,  undoing  the  //;Jn;«j,  tor  one  ot 
{.■"''"■      tlicm  would  eat  more  in   a   il.iy,    tlian  a 
native  in  a  month.     The  council  reprov- 
ing Don  Pekr  Mitrgarile  for  not  curbing 
tiie  dilorilcily  iuKlierb,  he  lieg.ui   to  cavil 
with  them,    retufing  to  obey   tiieir  com- 
mands, either  in  this  particular,  or  in  marc  h- 
ing  about  the   ill.uul,  as  tiie  admiral   had 


in  the  town  of  the  Sttlivi/y,  he  wept,  be-  *J^"i/* 
taufe  he  had  not  been  able  to  prel'ervc 
them  alive  till  the  .ulmiral's  return  j  and 
he  b'.ing  rel'olved  to  take  ihc  field,  to  dil- 
peife  thole  natives,  and  pu  ity  the  illand, 
(liiiiCMuigiin  ortercd  toatund  him  with  hij 
fulijeilsi  but  before  CJiimhin  went  out  in 
perlbn,  he  lent  others  to  make  war  on 
(iiidlv^iiiana,  who  h.id  flam  tjie  ten  Chri-  Cujii^u,!- 
llians,  that  the  |nmifliment  might  not  be  ""  rouieJ. 
delay'd,  or  he  grow  the  holder.  The  Sfa- 
ni.inli  killed  m.iny  ol  liis  men,  took  ma- 
ny more,  leveral  ot  which  were  lent  into 
A'/vii«,  and  ihi:  CiUiqiw  (led.  CiriHtil'o  was 
the  moll  potent  prince  in  the  illand,  perlb- 
naily  brave,  anil  hail  three  valiant  brothers, 
being  king  of  the  province  called  Magu- 


ilireifled  him  ;  and  now  fearing  to  be  pu-     ,)/;,/,  of  whom  the  admiral  made  moll  ac- 


nilhed  lor  ids  otlences,  he  relolved  to  im- 
b.irk  on  the  tiirec  Ihips  which  brought  Don 
!If  iml  f.  JiurlholomavCo!uml>us,  and  return  M  Spain, 
.""  '."in  itnd  with  him  F.  lioyl  and  fome  others  of 
\nSf,iin.  that  party.  Being  come  to  court,  they 
gave  an  accoLiit  that  there  was  no  gold  in 
the  li'fji-lmlies,  and  that  all  the  admiral 
laid  was  a  nicer  fraud  and  fidion.  The 
I'oldiers  being  left  without  their  comman- 
der, difpcrfed  thcmlilves  about  the  coun- 
try, living  like  men  under  no  government ; 
wliereupon  a  Caaqtie,  whole  name  wasCtt- 
utigKiiti,  and  who  had  a  large  town  on  the 
banks  of  the  great  river,  killed  ten  Chri- 
(Hans  there,  and  privately  lent  to  fet  fire 
Jo  a  houfe,  where  fome  I'uk  men  lay;  and 


count,  and  thinking  it  moll  convenient  to 
reduce    him  by  art,    becaule  it  would  be 
ditficult  to  do  it  by  force;  he   refolved  to 
fend  Alonfo  ik  OJcila  a  horfebuk,  with  on- 
ly nirn:  S/>iiniarils,  uni'er  colour  of  carrying 
him  a   preli"        The  Indians  valued  lattin  VjIuc  tht 
above  gold,  .md  were  much  taken  with  /iJuiit 
it,  and  other  metals  carried  out  of  iy)(/»/;,  I'"' "P"" 
as  if  they  came  from  heaven ;  and  when  „,*[jf''"' 
the  bell  of  the  church  in  the  town  of  Ifu- 
hela  rang,  and  the  inhaldtants  repaired  to 
the  faid  church,    they  thought  it   fpoke, 
the  fame   thereof  had    reached    Caouat>o, 
who  had  often  thoughts  of  bcggii  ^  it  of 
the  Adelantado,  or  lord  lieutenant,  tiiat  he 
might  fee  the  Rifcay  Turey,  for  they  called 


fix  more  were  killed  by  the  Indians,  m  fe-     lattin  Turey,   fignifying  heaven,  and  they 


Inuiirtc- 
tiiin  ol  Jn 


veral  parts  of  the  ifland,  throughout  all 
which  the  tame  ot  tlieir  milbehaviour  was 
Ipread :  lb  that  all  the  hulitins  generally 
liated  them,  tho'  they  had  not  feen  them, 
and  efpeci.illy  tlie  tour  principal  kings,  or 
Caciques,  who  were  Guaiineex,  Caonabo, 
JieLr:hi.c,  and  /ligu.iiiama,  and  all  thole 
that  lidcd  with,  and  were  fubjed  to  them, 
being  all  inlinite  number,  were  defirous 
to  drive  the  S/aniiitds  out  of  the  country. 
Only  Guainiuigiiri  king  ot  Marien  made 
no  commotion,  but  kept  \oo Spaniards  in 


put  fuch  a  value  upon  it  and  other  me- 
tals, that  th';y  called  it  by  the  fame  name 
o(Turey,  and  the  .^/'awwn'i  added  of  Bi/uy, 
whence  it  was  called  Tw^v)  of  Bij'c\;y. 

Ojeda  being  come  into  the  province  of 
Maguana,  wiiich  was  about  fixty  or  le- 
veiity  leagues  from  the  town  of  Ijahe'.a, 
the  Indians  wondering  to  tee  him  a  horfe- 
back,  as  believing  the  horfe  and  man  to 
be  all  of  a  piece,  told  Caonabo,  there  were 
ChritUanscome,  lent  by  theadmiral,  vhon* 


they   called   Giiamiquini,    and   brought   a 

his  country,  giving  them  tuch  as  he  had,  pretent,  of  that  they  called  Turey  of  Bif- 

and  eiitenaining  liiem  friendly.  cny,   which   he  much  rejoiced  at.     Oj,\la  (^^„„ji„ 

Some  days  alter  the  admiral's  return,  was  admitted,    kifled  his  hands,  the  rell  ircuhe- 

Ctiacatrigdii  weiir  to  vifit  him,  expretlcd  doing  the  like,  and  fl-iewedhini  the  prefeni,  rouHy  ti- 

niuch  concern   (<ir  his   indifpofition    and  whicTi  was  tetters  and  hand  bolts  to  curi-  JL'," '''' 

troubles  laid,  he  had  no  hand  in  thedeath  oufly  polifh;  1  that  they  looked  like  filvcr.    '' 

ot   the  ChrilUans,    but  was  their   friend.  He  told  him,    the  kings  of  .f/.n/i   uled  to 

e.nJ  therefore  all  die  natives  bore  him   ill  wear  them,    becaufe  they  came  from  liea- 

wiU,    and  particuk.rly  thofe  who  were  in  ven,  and   put  them  on  at  the  Anitos,  or 

arnw  in  the  plain  and  other   parts-,    then  balls,  and  it  would  be  proper   for  him  to 

calling  to  mind  the  Spunianls  left  at  firll  go  along  with  them  to  walli  himlelt    in 
■+  ths 


m 


CI'L 


','il 


'  il- 


636 


Objervations  and  Dijcoveries  of 


Ih«Ri»A  the  river  2'rtjttj,  which  was  half  a   league 
'-^^"^  liiftant,  and  there  lie  flioiiKl  put  them  on, 
and  return  a  liorfcbaik,  and  iippear  before 
his  fubjeds  like  the  king  of  Spain.     I  Ic 
went  away  one  day  along  with  Hojeda,  at- 
tcntled  only  by  a  few  fcrvants,  to  the  ri- 
ver, little  imagining  that  nine  or  ten  men 
fhoiild   attempt   any  thing    againlt   him, 
where  his   power   was  fo    great.     There 
he    wafhed    and     cooled    himfelf,     and 
being  very  eager  to  fit  on  the  prefent,  tlie 
Succcrjfiil  Indians  being  ordered  to  ftand  off,   tlio' 
*'ii"i  ■•'   ''"^y  always  took  care  to  keep  far  enough 
tiic.  Si-     ^""""^  ^^^  horfcs,  he  was  fee  up  behind  0,'t'- 
*c.«.         da,  and  the  fetters  and  hand  bo'      ,"iut  on 
him,  the  Cacique  taking   great    ;   >.ice  of 
what  they  did.    Ojcda  took  two  ti.iiis  about 
with  him  to  difguife  his  defign,   and  at 
the   third  made   off,    witli  the  Sl'aniards 
about  his  horfe,  till  the  Indians  loll  fight 


of  ihem.  Then  they  drew  their  fwords, 
and  threatned  to  kill  him  if  he  flirred, 
whilft  tiiey  bound  him  faff  with  ropes  to 
Ojeda,  and  making  the  beft  of  their  way, 
came  fafe  to  the  town  of  Ifabela,  and  de- 
livered him  to  the  admiral ;  who  kept 
him  in  his  houfe  fettered,  and  he  never 
paid  any  refiied  to  the  admiral  when  he 
came  in,  but  only  to  Alonfo  de  Ojeda  ;  and 
being  afked,  why  he  did  fo?  anfwered, 
''  It  the  admiral  durrt  not  go  to  his  houfe 
to  leize  him,  as  Ojeda  had  done.  I'he 
admiral  refolved  to  fend  him  into  Spain, 
and  when  he  was  aboard  with  other  In- 
dians, there  arofe  fucii  a  ftorm  that  the 
fliip  was  cart  away,  and  he  with  the  reff 
drowned.  Cohintbus  ordered  there  fhould 
be  two  caravels  built  with  fpeed,  that  he 
might  not  be  without  fhipping. 


C  H  A  1 .     XXVII. 

7heir  CathoUck  Majfjltes  Letters  to  the  Admral;  he  routs  a  great  Army  of 
Indians,  and  tmpojes  a  Tribute  on  them. 


M. 


Wliit 
their  m.>- 
jcllies 
writ  to  Co 

lunLus. 


TH  E  return  of  Antony  de  Tones  into 
Spain,  with  the  twelve  (hips,  was  higl\- 
ly  pleafing  to  their  catholick  majeflies, 
which  they  fignified  to  the  admiral  by  his 
brother  Bartholomew  Columbus,  giving  him 
their  thanks  for  his  toils,  promifing  al- 
ways to  fupport  him,  exprefilng  much 
concern  for  the  affronts  offer'd  him,  anH 
ordering  him  to  fend  away  B'rnal  de  Pi/a 
in  the  next  ITiips,  and  to  put  into  his  place 
fiich  a  one  as  he  and  F.  Boyl  fhould  think 
fir.  And  their  majefties  defiring  to  give 
fuisfadlion  to  the  admiral,  and  to  promote 
the  affairs  of  the  fFeJl-Indies,  ordered  the 
dean  John  Rodriguez  de  Fonfeca,  to  fit  out 
immediately  four  ihips,  with  fuch  things 
as  the  admiral  defired,  and  appointed  An- 
tony de  Torres  to  return  with  them,  to 
wliom  they  gave  letters  for  Columbus  dated 
at  Segovia  the  lO"  of  Augujl,  wherein  they 
thanked  him  for  the  pains  he  took  in 
tlKir  fervice,  pror.iifing  to  (hew  him  all 
favour,  fince  he  had  performed  all  he  un- 
dertook, as  punftually  as  if  he  had  known 
what  he  was  todifcover.  That  they  had  re- 
ceived the  relation  he  fent  them,  yet  they 
could  wifh  he  would  particularize  how 
many  iflands  he  had  difcovered,  what  names 
they  bore,  and  thofe  he  had  given  them, 
the  dirtance  there  was  between  them,  what 
every  one  alforded,  how  the  feafons  of  the 
year  anfwered  in  thofe  parts,  every  month, 
and  that  fome  laid  there  were  two  fummers 
and  two  winters  j  that  he  fhould  fend  them 
all  the  faultons  he  could  take,  and  feveral 
forts  of  birds;  as  they  fent  him  all  the 
things  he  had  defired  by  his  inventories ;  and 
that  in  order  to  receive  frequent  news  f  rgni 


him,  they  thought  fit  a  caravel  fhould  be 
fent  from  Spain  every  month,  and  another 
return  from  thence,  the  controverfy  with 
Portugal  being  adjufted;  and  as  for  the 
government  of  the  people  there,  their 
highneffes  approved  of  what  he  h~d  prac- 
tifed  till  then,  and  direfted  he  fhould  con- 
tinue the  fame  method,  giving  them  all 
poffible  fatisfadlion,  without  encourage- 
ment to  commit  the  leaft  diforder.  That 
as  to  the  town  he  had  founded,  they  had 
no  objeiftion  'o  make  againft  it,  for  had 
rhey  been  there  prefent  themfelves,  they 
would  have  taken  his  advice,  therefore 
they  referred  all  to  him,  and  fent  him  a 
copy  of  the  articles  concluded  with  Por- 
tugal, that  he  might  know  and  obferve 
them  ;  and  as  for  the  line  of  partition  tiiat 
was  to  be  drawn,  in  regard  't  was  a  dif- 
ficult matter,  and  of  confiderable  trull, 
there  highneffes  defirt'd,  if  it  were  poffible, 
that  the  admiral  fhould  be  prefent  at,  and 
fix  it,  with  thofe  the  king  of  Portugal  was 
to  employ  to  that  purple  j  and  in  cafe 
he  could  not  come  himfelf,  he  fliould  fend 
his  brother  Don  Bartljclomew,  or  fome  other 
able  perfons  with  inftruftions  and  draughts, 
and  his  opinion  of  what  was  to  be  done, 
and  this  to  be  with  all  expedition,  to  be 
there  in  time,  and  not  difappoint  the  king 
ot    Portugal. 

The    imprifonment   of   Caonabo  much  An.  159;. 
alarmed  his  brothers,  whortiblved  to  make 
the  moll  vigorous  war  they  were  able  upon 
theChriftians;  and  the  admiral,  obferving 
that  great  numbers  of  men  began  to  ren- 
dezvous, and  all  the  country  had  recourfeThe  hit 
tc  arms-,  took  the  field  with  2co  foot,  loamukia 
A  horfe,  ""»• 


Chap.  28.  America  hy  the  Europeans. 


6yj 


them 
routed, 


horfc,  and  20  maftiffs:  the  reft  of  the  men 
being  fick,  and  the  dogs  making  great  ha- 
vock  among  the  naked  Indians.  He  marched 
out  on  the  24th  of  March  1595,  taking 
along  with  him  his  brother,  the  Adelantado, 
or  lord  lieutenant  Den  Bartholomew,  and 
king  Guacanagari,  with  his  forces.  They 
entered  upon  the  Vega  Real,  or  Royal  Plain, 
and  difcovered  the  enemies  army,  in  which 
king  Manicalex  had  numerous  forces,  and 
loooooofthe  whole  fcemed  to  amount  to  looooo 
men.  The  admiral's  brother  gave  the  firft 
charge,  and  men,  horfes,  and  dogs  adled 
fo  vigoroufly,  that  they  were  foon  routed, 
great  numbers  flain,  and  the  prifoners  be- 
ing no  fmall  number  condemned  to  fervc 
as  (laves;  many  whereof  were  fent  into 
Spain,  in  the  four  fliips  commanded  by 
Jlnton'j  de  Torres.  The  admiral  ranged 
about  the  ifl.iu  nine  or  ten  months,  fe- 
verely  pun'  uing  thofe  he  found  guilty; 
and  meef'ng  with  fome.  oppofition  from 
Caonabo's  brothers,  who  made  their  utmoft 
eiforts,  till  finding  themfelves  too  weak, 
both  they  and  Guarimex,  who  were  the 
prime  kings  in  the  ifland,  thought  fit  to 
fubmit  to  the  admiral. 
He  perceiving  that  all  the  towns  were  now 
brought  under  their  obedience  tocatholick 
majefties,  ordered  they  fliould  pay  tribute, 
bate  paiJ  jfjer  t},is  manner ;  that  all  the  inhabitants 
^'•' ''"'  of  Cibao,  the  Vega  Real,  or  Royal  Plain, 
and  others  near  the  mines,  from  fourteen 
years  of  age  upwards,  fliould  pay  a  little 
hawkfbel  full  or  gold  every  three  months ; 
all  other  pcrlbns  a  quarter  of  an  hundred 
weight  of  cotton  each,  and  only  king  Ma- 
tiicalex  gave  monthly  half  a  gourd,  or  ca- 
labalh  full  of  gold,  which  was  worth  150 


Firft  tri- 


(tiliani. 


pieces  of  eight.  A  new  fort  of  copper,  Hir«ira 
or  brafs  medals  was  coined  every  time  the  ^^'YN^ 
tribute  was  paid,  for  every  tributary  In- 
dian to  wear  one  about  hb  neck,  that  fo 
they  might  know  who  had  paid.  At  this 
fame  time  Guarinoex,  king  of  the  Royal 
Flain,  offered  the  admiral  to  fow  corn 
fields  for  him  from  the  town  of  Ifabela 
to  Santo  Domingo,  that  is,  from  fea  to  fea, 
being  full  55  leagues,  which  would  fufHce 
to  maintain  all  the  people  in  Caftile,  pro- 
vided he  would  demand  no  gold  of  him, 
becaufe  his  fubjefts  knew  not  how  to  ga- 
ther it ;  but  the  admiral  being  a  fingle 
ftranger,  and  as  fuch  not  acceptable  to 
their  catholick  majeflies  minifters,  and 
wifely  concluding  that  he  muft  be  fupport- 
ed  by  the  treafure  he  fent  over,  prelTed 
for  jold:  he  was  of  himfelf  a  good 
Chriltian,  and  feared  God,  and  therefore 
moderated  the  tribute,  perceiving  it  could 
not  be  paid,  which  made  fome  abandon 
their  houfes,  and  others  range  about  from 
one  pro  ince  to  another.  Thefe  hardlhips, 
and  the  want  of  hopes  that  ever  the  Chri- 
flians  would  leave  the  country,  becaufe 
there  were  no  (hips  in  the  harbour,  and 
they  bu'lt  ftone  and  mud  houfes  afhcre, 
afflided  the  Indians,  who  afked,  whether 
they  ever  intended  to  return  home ;  and 
having  found  by  experience,  that  the  Spa- 
niards were  much  greater  eaters  than  them- 
felves, and  thinking  they  only  went  thither 
to  eat,  and  perceiving  many  of  them  were 
fick,  and  wanted  provifions  from  Spain, 
feveral  towns  refolved  to  find  fome  means 
to  put  a  ftop  to  thefe  growing  evils,  con- 
triving they  fhould  all  either  pcrifh,  or  re» 
turn  into  Spain, 


CHAP.    XXVIII. 

Jheir  Catholick  Majefties  hearing  fome  Mi/informations  againji  Columbus,  fend 
John  Aguado  to  enquire  into  the  'Truth  ;  he  behaves  himfelf  mfolently,  and  the 
Admiral  refolving  to  return  into  Spain,  ere^s  feveral  new  Forts. 


'Tp  HE  bed  expedient  the  Indians  could 
rii:  hdi-  jL  think  of,  to  be  rid  of  the  Spaniards, 
tm  de-  was  not  to  fow,  that  there  might  be  no 
fign  'o  .    harvcft,  they  themfeJves  withdrawing  into 


llirvc  (he 
SfnlliiirJl, 


the  mountains,  where  there  is  plenty  of 
good  roots  to  eat,  that  grow  without  plant- 
ing, and  vaft  numbers  of  Utias,  like  rab- 
bits, with  which  they  might  fhift.  This 
contrivance  availed  them  little,  for  tho' 
the  Spaniards  fufiered  to  extremity,  through 
hunger,  and  ranging  after  the  Indians,  yet 
they  went  not  away,  but  many  died,  hun- 
ger obliging  them  to  eat  filthy  and  loath- 
fome  things  ;  fo  that  all  the  calamity  fell 
upon  the  Indians  themfelves,  through  the 
inlcrutable  judgments  of  God  ;  for  they 
wandering  about  with  their  wives  and  chil- 
dren, pinched  by  hunger,  without  being 

VOL.V. 


allowed  to  hunt,  fifli,  or  feek  provifions, 
lying  hid   in   the   damp  grounds  along  and  de-i 
the  rivers,   and  on  the  mountains,  a  vio-  ftroy 
lent  diftemper  came  among  them,  which,  '*'""* 
together  with  the  wars,  by  the  ye.ir"i496  '*'*" 
carried  otF  the  third  part  of  the  people 
in  the  ifland. 

F.  Boyl,  and  Don  Peter  Margarite  before 
mentioned,  as  they  agreed  to  go  away  to- 
gether, without  leave,    fo  they  joined  in  I"'""''""'* 
fpeaking  ill  of  the  Indies,  and  difcrediting  °hcS 
that  enterprize ;  becaufe  they  did  not  find  „!. 
gold  laid  up  in  chefts  to  lay  hold  on,  or 
growing  on  the  trees.     They  alfo  gave  an 
account  that  the  admiral  did  not  behave 
hini.'""'f  well,  as  not  having  been  full  four 
months  m  the  ifland  Hifpaniola,  after  his 
fecond  voyage,  till  he  returned  from  his 
7  7.  difcovery 


\% 


m 


-...Sit 


Mi'' 


m 


m 


\\\  I'-: 


:j'lfi.lV 


•A 

'  I- 


i» 


'i,i; 


438 


OhffnDMptMs  /iud\Dtfco2>eries  of 


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ml 


HiRRERA  difcovery  of  Cuba  ;  and  there  being  othcf 

''•'""^"^  letters  agninft  him,  from  thofc  who  went 

in  the  four  rt»ips  under  Antony  de  Torres., 

tor  there  never  is  want  of  maJecontents ; 

afmofl;  at  the  fame  time  that  the  admiral 

was  taking  the  field  againft  the  Indians 

of  the  Royal  Vale,  their  majeflies  tlifpatoh- 

cd  John  Aguado,  a  native  of  Sevil,  their 

page  of  tlie  bedchamber,    to  go  enquire 

into  what  was  doing  in  the  ifland  Hifpani- 

da,   aiid  under  hJs  command  four  (hips 

with  provifions,  and  other  neccflaries  for 

the  fupport  of  the  people  there. 

JohnAgu-      John  Aguado  carried  with  him  credentials, 

aJa  lent    containing  thefe  words,  Gentlemen,  yeomen, 

to  enquire     ^   ^^^^         r  .  .         •      ^     ^^^^^^    , 

into  the  '   /  y    J   *  r     / 

atijiri  of  <""'  command,  lae  fend  you  our  psge  of  the 
HijfaniiU  bedchamber  John  Aguado,  who  wiU  dif- 
courfe  you  in  our  name,  we  do  command  you 
to  give  full  credit  to  him.  Madrid,  April 
the  9'!'.  He  arrived  at  the  town  of  Ifa- 
Icl.i  about  October,  when  the  admiral  was 
in  the  province  of  Maguana,  carrying  on 
the  war  againft  Ctonabo's  brothers;  and 
there  he  let  fall  words,  and  behaved  him- 
felf  lb  as  to  fignify  hlj  power  and  au- 
thority was  great,  medling  in  the  govern- 
ment, imprifoning  feme  perfons,  and  re- 
proving the  admiral's  officers,  without  any 
refped  to  Don  Bartholomew  Columbus,  who 
was  left  during  his  abfence  to  govern  at 
Ifabcla.  John  Aguado  relblved  to  go  after 
the  admiral,  taking  horfc  and  foot  along 
with  him,  and  they  by  the  way  gave 
out,  that  another  admiral  was  come, 
who  would  kill  the  old  one  -,  and  the  na- 
tives being  dilTatisHcd,  becaufe  of  the  war 
and  the  gold  tribute,  they  were  much 
pleafed  witli  the  news,  and  fome  of  the 
Caciques  met  privately  in  the  houfe  of  a 
king  called  Manicaolcx,  whole  lands  were 
near  the  river  I'nqui,  where  they  agreed  to 
complain  againit  the  admiral,  and  demand 
rcdrc'fs  oi  the  new  commander.  The  ad- 
miral being  informed,  that  John  Aguado 
was  coming  to  him,  thought  tir  to  return 
to  the  town  of  Ifabela,  wlierc,  in  the  pre- 
fcnce  of  all  the  people,  he  receival  their 
highnertes  letters  with  found  of  trumpets, 
and  all  other  loleninities.  John  Aguado  i^\A 
not  fiil  immediately  to  fhcw  hisindilcre- 
tion,  intermeddling  with  many  things, 
without  refpedt  to  the  admiral,  which  gave 
an  ill  i;xample  to  others,  and  made  them 
not  regaid  him,  tho*  the  admiral  honoured 
and  entertained  him  generoufly,  and  bore 
with  hii  \  very  modclUy.  John  Aguado 
fold  he  had  not  received  their  majcfties  let- 
ters with  the  due  refpeft,  and  required 
affidavit  to  he  made  of  it  fome  months 
after,  requiring  the  notaries  to  come  to 
his  houfe  to  make  it;  but  they  infi'kd 
that  he  Ihould  fend  theni  in  his  vouchers, 
which  he  faid,  he  could  nac  truft  in  their 


>Iii  ill  be- 
ll .iviour. 


hands,  and  at  laft  the  afHctivit  was  made 
very  favourable  for  tlie  admiral. 

John  Aguad(fs  example  being  fo  preju- 
dicial to  the  admiral,   by  reafon  of  the 
threats  he  haughtily  let  fall,  and  the  peo- 
ple being  diflatifiecl,  on  account  of  their 
fufterings  and  ficknefs ;   for  they  had  no- 
thing then  to  fat,  but  the  allowance  given 
them  out  of  the  king's  ftores,  which  was  a 
porringer  of  wheat,  everyone  was  to  grind 
in  a  hand-mill,    and  many  eat  it  boiled, 
and  a  rafher  of  ruily  bacon,    or  ratten 
cheefe,  and  a  tew  beans,  or  peaie,  with- 
out any  wine ;  and  they  being  all   in  the 
king's  ray,  the  admiral  commanded  them 
to  work  at  the  fort,  his  own  houfe,  and 
other  ftrudlurcs ;  thefe  things  made  them 
like  men  in  defpair  complain  to  John  Agua- 
do,  and  thefe  were  the  lick  men,  for  thofc 
who  were  in  health  rambling  about  the 
iiland  fared  better.   Thefe  complaints  John 
Aguado  thought  were  fufficicnt  for  hini  to 
lay  before  their  majefties.    At  this  time 
the  four  (hips  which  carried  him  over  were  ^1,"!  ""i" 
call  away  in  the  port,  by  thofe  ftorms  the  hjrbour'" 
Indians  call  hurraneans,  fo  that  he  had  no 
velfel  to  return  in,  but  the  admiral's  two 
caravels ;  who  obfcrving  his  difrefpeftful 
behaviour,  and  that  he  bore  him  no  good 
will,  befides  that  he  was  lavifh  and  faucy 
in  his  exprefJlons,  and  being  alfo  informed 
of  what  F.  Boyl  and  Don  Peter  Margarite 
had  reported  at  court,  where  he  had  no 
other  fupport  but  his  own  virtue,  he  re- 
folved  to   appear  in  perfon  before  their 
majefties,  to  clear  himl'elf  of  fo  many  ca- 
lumnies,  and  at  the  fame  time  acquaint 
them  of  what  he  had  found  in  his  diliio- 
very  of  Cuba,  and  what  he  thought  fit  to 
be   (lone   in  relation   to  the  partition   of 
the   ocean,    between    the   two  crowns   of 
Spain  and  Portugal.     That  all  might   be 
left  behi'nl  the  more  fecure,   he  thought 
fit  firft  to  leave  other  forts  he  had  begun 
to  ereit,   befides  that  of  St.  Thomas,  in  a 
good  pollute,  for  the  defence  of  the  coun- 
try, and  were  thofe  of  St.  Mary  Magdalen, 
called   the   lower  Macorix,    in  the  Koyjl 
l^lain,    and  lands  of  the  Cacique  Guanazo- 
nel,  three  or  four  leagues  from  the  place  v 
where  the  town  of  Santiago   now  ftands,  reflt'/m 
the  command  whereof  was  given  to  Lewis  Hiif.in..:j 
de  Ariiaga,  another  called  St.  Catherine  was 
comniiued  to  Ferdinand  Navarro,   native 
of  Logrcnno  ;  another  on  the  banks  of  the 
river  I'aqtii,   towards  Cibao,   named  Efpc- 
ronza,    or  Hope;    a  fourth  in  Guariiioex'i 
kingdom   in  the  Koyal  Plain,  called  the 
Conception,    commanded   by  John  de  //yd. 
la,    anil    alter   him    by  Michael  Ballejler. 
The  Caciques  finding  themfclves  much  bur- 
dened with  the  taxes,  rleclared  to  the  ad- 
tlut  there  were  gooti  gold  mines  to 


miral 


the  fuuihward,  atlvifing  him  to  lirnd  his 

■  Chriftians 


Chap.  29. 


America  hy  the  Europeans. 


699 


IS  made 

0  preju- 
of  the 

the  peo- 
ot  their 
had  nO" 
ice  given 
ch  was  a 
CO  grind 
t  boiled, 
)r  rotten 
fe,  with- 
II   in  the 
ded  chein 
>ure,  and 
adc  tliem 
obn  Agua- 
for  thofe 
ibout  the 
lipis  John 
ir  liim  to 
this  lime  _, 
over  were  ,„„  ;„  ,i; 
torms  the  hjrbour. 
lie  had  no 
liral's  two 
frefpeftful 

1  no  good 
and  I'aucy 
I  informed 
Margarile 
he  had  no 
ue,  he  re- 
:fore  their 
I  many  ca- 
;  acquaint 
I  his  dilco- 
ught  fit  to 
iriition  of 
crowns  of 
might  be 
e  thought 

.id  begun 
omaSt  in  a 
the  coun- 
MiigdaUii, 
the  Royal 

Guanazo- 

the  place  p^„,,. 
DW  itands,  nfltJ  m 
n  to  Levjti  Hiip.tn-:-' 
thtrine  was 
TO,    native 
inks  of  the 
,med  Efpe- 
Guarinoi'x's 

called  the 
bn  de  /fya- 
•I  BalleJUr. 

much  bur- 

to  the  ad- 
Id  mines  to 
to  fend  hit 
Chriftians 


Chridians  to  feck  them,  and  the  admiral 
being  concerned  to  find  much  of  it,  to 
fupport  his  reputation,  and  this  happening 
opportunely,  when  he  was  about  return- 
ing to  Spain,  he  fent  Francis  de  Garay, 
and  Michael  Diaz,  with  fome  men,  and 
the  guides  provided  by  the  Indians.  They 
went  from  the  town  of  Ifabela  to  the  Mag- 
dalen fort,  and  thence  to  the  Cmceptitn,  all 
the  way  over  the  Royal  Plain,  then  through 
a  pals  on  the  mountains,  two  leagues  in 
length,  hadaviewof  another  Plain,  whofe 
lord's  name  w.is  Bonao,  went  on  fome 
leagues  along  the  ridges  of  Bomi's  hills, 


came  to  a  great  river  called  Ifayra,  a  ve-  Hirrera 
ry  fertile  place,  where  they  were  told  there  '-'>('">-' 
was  much  gold,   and  in  all  the  brooks, 
which  they  found  true ;  for  digging  in  fe- 
veral  places  it  proved  fo  well,   that  one 
labourer  could  take  up  above  three  pieces 
of  eight  every  day.     Thefe  mines  they  New  rkh 
called  St.  Chrifiopher\  from  a  fort  the  ad-  '"'""• 
miral  left  orders  to  build ;  but  they  were 
afterwards  called  the  old  mines.     At  this 
time  fome  inhabitants  of  Sevil  were  at  the 
court  of  Spain  aiking  leave  to  make  new 
dilcoveries. 


CHAP.     XXIX. 


I  have  been  very  particular  in  thefe  two 
voyages  of  Colutnhm,  and  what  was 
previous  to  them  for  the  greater  fatisfadi- 
on  of  the  reader,  and  to  (hew  by  what 
fteps  the  difcovery  of /?mfnVa,  and  of  thole 
Caribbee  iflands  firft  came  on,  and  was 
afterwards  improved.  It  would  fwell  this 
volume  :oo  much  to  proceed  in  that  man- 
ner, therefore  that  we  may  not  break  off 
abruptly  the  reft  of  that  great  man's  ac- 
tions Ihall  be  briefly  run  over,  that  we  may 
return  to  our  proper  fubjctt,  the  above- 
mentioned  iflands,  and  draw  to  a  conclu- 
fion   of  this  work. 

,    Columbus,  as  has  been  faid  before,  hav- 
ing left  all  things  in  the  belt  pollure  he 
could,   returned  to  Spain,  very  fick,  and 
loaded  with  accuf.itions ;  but  clieir  majellies 
confidcring  his  mighty  fcrvices  and  extra- 
ordinary I'urterings  clear'd  him  in  ipiglu 
of  all  his  adverfarics,  only  advifing  him 
to  be  kind  to  the  Spaniards ;  and  having 
heard  his  relation  of  all  the  new  dilcove- 
ries, and  the  immcnfe  wealth  of  thofe  coun- 
tries, for  proof  whereof  he  brought  a  quan- 
tity of  gold,  fent  him  back  honourably 
to  Snil,  wiierc  eigiit  fliips  were  provided 
for  his  tiiird  voyage,    two  of   which  he 
fent  before  to  his  brother  Bartholomew  Co- 
imrtfntt,  whf>  had  then  begttir  to  bml     the 
city  of  Santo  Domingo,   capital  ot  I/ifpa- 
niola,  on  the  iouth  lide  of  the  ifland  and 
at  the  moutli  of  tiie  river  Ozama.     The 
admiral   himlelf  failed  with  tiie  other  fix 
from  San  Lucar  de  Barratneda  on  tlie  19''' 
of  May,  1497  ''"'^'  llaiuiing  to  ti>e  fouth 
well  till  he  came  under  the  line,  had  fuch 
dead  calms  and  violent  heat  that  the  men 
thought  ti\cy  fliould  all  have  perifhcd  ;  but 
the   winds    "ming  up  he  proceeded  and 
on  the  firft  ot   Augiijl  ilifcovered  the  ifland 
by  him  called  la  Trinidad,  or  the  Trinity, 
near  tliat  part  of  the  continent  now  called 
New  Andkuzia,  then  ran  along  that  coall 
trading  with  the  natives  for  gold  and  pearls, 
giving  names  to  all  plates  of  note,   till 


thinking  his  prefence  necelTary  at  liifpam- 
oia,  he  failed  back  the  fame  way  to  the 
ifland  of  the  Trinity,  found  that  he  cal- 
led Margarita,  and  arrived  at  the  new 
town  of  Santo  Domingo,  in  Hifpaniola. 

Several  private  adventurers  fitted  out  fhips 
in  Spain,  after  this  3d  voyage  of  Co/am^w, 
as  particularly  Alonfo  de  Ojeda,  in  1499, 
and  with  them  went  Americus  Vefpufius,  who 
as  has  been  faid  gave  his  name  to  America ; 
but  their  difcoveries  do  not  belong  to  this 
place.     To  return  to  Columbus,  at  his  re- 
turn,  the  Indians  all   in  arms,    were  fe- 
veral  times  defeated  by  the  Spaniards,  and 
particularly  under  the  conduft  of  Bartho- 
lomew Columbus,  who  took  fifteen  Caciques 
and  their  general  Guarinocx,  all  whom  he 
releafcd  ujion  their  promife  that  they  would 
be  fubjcct  to  the   king   of  Spain.     Next 
fome   Spaniards    mutinied   and    fcparated 
tliemlclves  from   the   relt,    which  proved 
more  pernicious  than  all  the  natives  were 
able  to  do.     The  difcontented  party  fent 
complaints  to  the  king  of  Spain  againft 
Columbus  and  his  brother ;  his  majelly  fent 
over  Francis  de  Bovadilla,   knight  of  the 
order  of  Calatrava,  who  upon  very  flight 
inforinations  put  the  admiral  and  his  bro- 
ther aboard  two  velfcls,  in  irons,  to  be  fo 
carried  over  into  Spain.     As  foon  as  ar- 
rived inSpain,  their  majefties  ordered  them 
to  be  let  at  liberty  and  to  repair  to  them 
to  Granada,  where  tho'  they  cleared  them- 
felves,  the  government  of  the  {Veft-Indies 
was  taken  from  them,  and  they  fed  with 
fiir  promifes.     Bovadilla  was  afterwards 
call  away  returning  to  Spain. 

On  the  g'''  of  May  admiral  Columbus 
failed  again  from  Spain,  upon  difcovery 
witii  four  caravels  fitted  out  by  the  king 
and  170  men  in  them,  and  on  the  29th  of 
"June  arrived  before  Santo  Domingo,  in  the 
ifland  Hifpaniola,  where  the  then  governor 
Nicholas  lie  Ovando  would  not  permit  him 
to  enter  into  the  harbour;  whereupon  on 
the  4tli  of  July  he  failed  to  the  weltward, 

and 


m^-: 


Ihl: 


.;>■ 


64a 


Olffervatiom  and  Dijcoveries,  Sec. 


HtR»>«Aand  after  ftruggling  fomc  time  with  the 
^■^'^  currents,  in  calms,  had  60 days  of  violent 
ftorms,  and  rhendifcovered  the  iflandGvii- 
naja,   northward  of  cape  Hendtiras,  in  i^ 
degrees  of  north   latitude.     He  lent  his 
brother  afhore,  who  met  with  a  canoe,  as 
long  as  a  Sfanijh  galley  and  8  foot  wide, 
covered  with  mats,  and  in  it  men,  women 
and  children,  with  abundance  of  commo- 
dities to  barter ;  as  long  cotton  cloths  of 
fevcral  colours,  Hiort  cotton  (hirts,  or  jer- 
kins, without  fleeves,   curioufly  wrought ; 
clouts  of  the  fame   to  cover  their  pii- 
vicies,   wooden   fwords  edged  with  Hint, 
copper  hatchets,    horfe  bells  of  the  fame 
metal,  broad  flat  plates  of  it,  crucibles  to 
melt  copper,   cacao  nuts,    bread  made  of 
Indian   wheat,     and  drink  of  the  fame. 
Columbus    exchanged    fome    commodities 
and  dil'milTed  them,   and  having  enquired 
for  gold,  and  they  pointing  to  the  rail- 
ward,  made  him  alter  his  courfc  and  fleer 
that  way.     The  firft  land  he  came  to  was 
Cafinas,  in  the  province  of  Honduras,  where 
his  brother  landed  and  took  poiTefTion,  the 
natives  coming  down  peaceably,  wearing 
ftiort  i  Jtton  jackets  ar.a  clouts  of  the  fame 
befo'"e  I  her  privy  parts  an  J  orin^i.ng  plenty 
ot  provifioru.     Sailing  :h';nce  icvcral  days 
eaflward  againfl  the  wind,  he  came  to  a 
great  point,  and  perceiving  the  fhore  there 
run  to  the  fouthward,  he  called  it  Cabo 
de  Gracios  a  Dios,  or  Cape  Thanks  to  God, 
becaufe  the  eallerly  winds  would  carry  him 


down  the  coaft,  along  which  he  ran  trad- 
ing with  the  Indians,  and  touched  at  Porta 
BtU,  Nombre  de  Dios,  Belen,  and  yeraguat 
where  he  heard  of  gold  mines,  and  lent 
his  brother  up  the  country,  who  returned 
to  him  with  a  confiderab)*:  quantity  of  it, 
exchanged  for  inconfiderable  toys. 

On  this  encouragement  he  would  have 
left  lib  brother  there,    with  80  Spaniards 
and  began  to  build  houfes,  but  the  Indians 
oppofing  and  his  own  men  crowing  mu- 
tinous,   he  took  them  aboard  again  and 
iailed  for  Hifpaniola.     His  caravels  being 
Ihattered  with  florms  and  all  worm  eaten, 
could  not  reach  that  ifland,  and  he  was 
obliged  to  run  them  afhore  at  Jamaics- , 
fhoring  them  up  with  piles,  and  building 
huts  on  the  decks  for  his  men,  all  below 
being  full  of  water.    There  he  lay  near  a 
year,  fufferingmanyhardfhips,  till  having 
rent  over  to  Hifpaniola  in  a  canoe,  he  was 
at  lafltranfported  to  that  ifland,  and  thence 
mto  Spain.  This  was  his  lafl  voyage,  after 
which  he  fpent  the  fmall  remainder  of  his 
life  at  yalladolid  and  died  on  the  8<<>  of 
May,  1506,   aged  64  years.    His  corps 
was  carried  to  Sevil,  as  he  had  ordered  m 
his  will,  and  there  honourably  interred,  in 
the  church  of  the  Cartbufians  called  de  las 
Cuevas,  with  a  Latin  epitaph  fuicable  to  his 
great  adlions.     Thus  much  of  Columbus 
and  the  firft  difcovery  of  America,  or  the 
ff^eji'lndies,  of  which  the  Caribbee  iflands, 
we  arc  next  to  fpcak  of,  are  a  part. 


n.  1 


A  brief 


5  •  \ 


6^1 


A  brief  Defcription  and  hiftorical  Ac- 
count of  the  Cciribhce  Iflands  in  North 
America,  and  their  prefent  State. 


I!y   \\  linm 
irilubitCil 


Produfl. 


IT  may  perhaps  Iccm  fiiperfluous  to 
fomc  pi-rlons,  that  I  here  acid  this 
accoiir.i  ot  the  Caribbec  iflands,  in  rc- 
garil  there  has  bfcii  much  writ  of thcni 
ah'catly,  botli  in /nv/f/j  and /!,"wg/(/I?i  i  but 
I  mull  dcTirc  any  luth  firft  to  rtad,  bc- 
foro  they  jjafs  their  ccnfurc,  for  in  tompar- 
nijj;  this  with  other  relations  tiiey  will  find 
here  are  many  tiiinj^s  whicli  other  writers 
have  not  taken  notice  oJ,  and  which  are 
of  ulc  and  inflrudlion,  1  fliail  not  go 
about  to  prciiollH's  the  reader  any  farther, 
but  leave  him  to  the  liberty  of  his  own 
judgment. 

'I'lie  Ciirihbcr  ifl.inds,  by  the  h'rcncb  ca]- 
\cdy/iitilti-s,  lye  ni  a  bow,  Irom  thecoallof 
Pill  ill  to  Si.  yolni  (Ic  I'ticrto  Rico,  and  arc 
at  prefent  inhabiteil  by  lour  feveral  nations, 
'riie  firll  beiiifj;  the  original  natives,  who 
are  Cunib/ils  or  man  eaters,  from  wiiom  the 
iflands  have  their  general  name  i  the  others 
arc  hreiich,  Eiiglifij,  Danes  and  Dutch,  who 
have  fettled  on  them  fincc  the  year  1625. 
as  fliall  be  obferv'd  hereafter,  and  fince  then 
are  grown  very  numerous.  The Frfnch. irt 
poflefs'd  of  eight  of  them,  viz.  Defeacla, 
(jitiimdit,  Mdttinico,  Guadalupe,  Santa  l.u- 
cia,  Mari^atantc,  St.  Bartholomew  and  San- 
ta Cruz,  belides  part  u\  St.  Martin  vi'n\\  the 
Dutch,  as  they  had  alio  part  oi  St.  Chrifto- 
f/.ier  witii  the  Engltjh,  which  is  now  yield- 
ed up  by  tlie  treaty  ol  Ulrecbt.  The  Eng- 
lijh  are  maflers  of  Barbada,  Monferratte, 
Jifdond.i,  Nicves,  Antigua,  Barbouda,  An- 
gutla,  and  now  all  St.  Chrijlopher,  as  by  the 
treaty  abovemention'd.  The  Dutch  iiave 
Saba,  St.  Eujlacbiiu,  and  part  of  5/.  Mar- 
tin with  the  yrencb,  and  iiad  formerly  Ta- 
hago,  whicii  tlicy  have  abandon'd  by  rea- 
lon  of  the  wars.  The  Danes  are  fettled  on 
St.  Thomas,  next  the  ealt  fide  of  St.  John 
de  Puerto  Rico.  Th.c  Carihbes,  or  Canibals 
remain  polll-ls'd  of  tlic  rell. 

The  air  in  thele  illands  is  fomewhat  hot- 
ter tlian  in  the  great  ones  of  I  Jifpaniola,  Cu- 
ba, (Jc.     The  l()il  is  not  altogctlier  I'o  Iruit- 
ful,  tiio'  it  produces  plenty  ul  Indian  wheat, 
yuca,  fug.ir,  tobacco,  indigo,  cacao,  man- 
ilioca,  potatoes,  ananas,    accijou,  lemons, 
citrons,  oranges  both  lour  and  ot  a  fort  be- 
tween i'fvi/  and  China,    of  a  very  fragrant 
fcent.      Sugar,   tobacco  and  indigo  are  fo 
plentiful  in  lome  of  thele  iflanils,  that  tiiey 
;i-e  comnuiniy  uled  by  way    ot   barter  for 
I  i!ier  necellarics,    inltcad  of  money. 
Vol.  V 


The  inhabitants  eat  a  fort  of  very  large  H'««««* 
lizards,  whofe  flefli  is  delicioi.i,  as  alfo  tor- ^''"VN.^ 
toifes  of  a  prodigious  bulk. 

They  know  nothing  of  ice,  fnow  or  hail, 
but  there  are  frequent  hurricanes  and  carth- 

Suakes,  but  for  which  they  would  be  very 
elightlul  places,  by  realon  of  the  perpetual 
verdure,  and  are  healthy  enoigh  when  peo- 
ple arc  once  JeafonM  to  tlu  climate  \  efpc- 
cially  in  Barbadoes,  Marlinico,  Guadalupe 
aiul  St.  ChriJIo/'her,  the  lieats  are  not  reck- 
on'd  to  be  mucii  greater  than  in  the  fouthcra 
parts  of  France. 

There  are  no  enclofed  towns  in  th?fe  Situfturti 
iflands,  excejit  Bridge 'lo-wn  in  Barbadoes, 
and  Cul  de  Sac  Royal  m  Martinico  ;  but  there 
are  fome  vill.iges,  or  boroughs.  However 
the  planters  generally  build  their  houfes  a- 
boui  the  country  of  timber,  and  cover  them  > 

with  palmiio  leaves,  or  barks  of  trees. 
The  houfes  of  fome  governors  urc  built  of 
Hone  or  brick,  like  caftlesj  and  of  late 
fome  fafbors  and  planters  build  after  the 
fame  manner. 

There  are  feveral  forts,  redoubts  and  Forii. 
batteries  on  the  coalls,    generally  fenc'd 
round  with  double  paliladoes. 

In  moft  of  the  French  iflands  they  ufe  water  Milli. 
or  horfe-mills  for  their  fugar  •,  but  in  Bar- 
badoes the  Ettglifli  generally  have  wind-mills. 
The  Indians,  wliom  the  Europeans  there 
call  favages,    live  in  large  huts,  whereof /^^,,^  yij. 
there  are  twenty  or  thirty  together  in  fome  |jgi;j. 
places,  and  thele  villages  they  call  Carbets. 
Thefe  natives  arc  bloody  and  inhuman  man 
e.iters,  and  as  fuch  were  dreaded  by  the  in- 
habitants of  the  great  iflands  of  Cuba,  Hif- 
paniola  and  "Jamaica,    who  were  harmlefs 
people,   and  on  whom  they  prey'd,  com- 
ing over  in  their  piraguas  or  great  canoes 
and  carrying  ofi^" many  of  them  to  devour. 
The  Spaniards  having  fuch  a  va(t  extent  of 
knd  to  fubdue,   as  is  from  the  north  of 
Mexico  to  the  fcuth  of  Chili,   never  had 
leil'ure  to  think    of  thefe   inconfiderable 
iflands,  at  which  they  only  touch'd  lomc- 
timcs  for  frefli  water,  and  let  aftiore  on  them 
fome  fwine,  which  in  procefs  of  time  mul- 
tiply'd  prodigioufly.  Bcfidcs,  thele  Indians 
being,   as  has  been  faid,  Canibals  or  man 
eaters,  all  fuch  as  they  could  take  of  them 
they  fold  as  flavcs. 

About  the  latter  end  of  the  fixtecnih 
and  the  beginning  of  the  feventeenth  cen- 
tury, the  lingUjh  and  French  begun  to  fhcw 
8  A  them- 


'  VI 


11,:.::^ 


K\-\V 


r 


11 


6^2 


A  brief  Defcription  of 


S:evt 


IiKRRERA  thcmfdvcs  in  tliofc  fc.is,  which  cncourag'J 
^-'■'V'"'"^  fomeof  tiu'ir  countrymen  !o  iliink  of  iii.ik- 
...  „_      ,  ini;  fc'ulemtnts  there.      Some  Enili/h  .uul 
rnilf/ii'///*  ■'''''""'  pyr^'tcs  nrlt  of  all   took  u|)  their 
iiiihc'c<i-  dwellings  in  tiic  ifland  Marlinico,  whicli 
riiifi.        was  without  any  authority,    or  form  of 
government.       in    the    year    1625.    two 
ativenturers,    t^e    one  a  Frenchman  call- 
til   il' Enambuc,    of  the  family  of  yunde- 
roques,  in  Normandy,    the  other  Mr.  f^ar- 
tii'r,   an  L'.nglijhmaii,   arriv'ti  on  the  lame 
day,   upon  ihe  fame  defign,  and   without 
knowing  of  each  other,    at  the  ifland  of 
S:.  Cbrijlophcr,    and     both    fettled    tliere. 
D'Eiiiimlui  hail  been  before  this  at  Marti- 
>ii:o,   where  thole  outlaws  abovcmention'd 
liad  [iromisM,  if  he  would  return  to  them 
with  necellaries  for  a  colony  from  France, 
they  would  join  and  fubmit  to  him,    as 
their  commander.      He   propos'd   his  de- 
fign to  the  cardinal  de  Richelieu,  rcprefent- 
ing  fo  tnany  .idvantages  from  his  projedt, 
that  in  1O26.  many  i>erl"ons  of  worth  funn- 
ed a  company  of  the  ifles  of  Jmciica,  un- 
der the  king  of  France's  authority. 
£Kg/ijh  at      III  1027.  the  Engltjh  pollcfs'd  themfelves 
of  the  ifland  the  Spaniards  call  Nieves,  and 
the  others  (-orruptly  Nevis.  In  1632.  when 
they  h.jd  a  little  recovered  themf  Ives  from 
tiui  blow  given  tiiem  by  Don  Frederick  de 
Toledo,  with  the  Spanijh  tleec,  they  fent  co- 
lonies into  Monferratte,   Antigua  and  Bar- 
laudu,  and  from  St.  Chrijiopuer  to  that  of 
Barbada,  now  corruptly  Barbadoes,  which 
is  fince  grown  one  of  the  molt  flourifliing 
colonies  in  the  world  for  its  extent. 

The  French  encourag'd  by  this  exam- 
ple, tho'  but  weakly  aflilled  by  the  com- 
pany abovemention'd  to  have  been  form'd 
in  France,  in  1626.  for  carryirg  of  colo- 
nies into  America,  rcfolve  to  enlarge  their 
pollcflions  in  America.  With  this  intent 
tiie  fieurs  I'Olive  and  du  Plelfis  failed  from 
Normandy,  carrying  a  good  number  of  men, 
and  peopled  Guadalupe,  afterwards  tlretch- 
ing  out  to  the  little  iflands  of  Saintes,  and 
tiiat  of  Alarigalante. 

Du  Parquet,  who  was  in  St.  Cbrijlopher 
and  had  intended  to  make  himfelf  mailer 
of  Guadalupe,  being  thus  prevented,  re- 
folv'd  to  pc  jple  Marlinico,  which  he  per- 
forni'd  with  lb  much  prudence  and  con- 
duft,  and  govern'd  his  people  with  fuch 
prudence  and  equity,  that  it  became  the 
moil  rtourifliing  of  all  the  French  colonies 
in  the  Caribbce  iflands,  and  reduc'd  thofe 
of  Granada  and  Santa  Lucia. 
Wars  wall  The  French  and  Englijh  could  not  fettle 
the  Cans  in  thefe  iflands  without  much  oppofuion 
from  the  Indians,  and  wars  which  lalled 
feveral  years;  till  the  few  Indians  that  fur- 
vivVl  were  oblig'd  to  withdraw  themfelves 
into  Dominica,  St.  Vincent,  Bequia,  and  o- 
ther  illands,    excepting  fonie  tew  who  vo- 


Firft 

Frtnch 
Colonics 


l:>l, 


luntarily  were  content  to  remain  in  M.tr- 
tiitica  and  G^viada:  Thole  who  iciir'l 
and  their  pollerity  watching  all  opportu- 
nities to  annoy  the  F.iigliJIj,  of  whom  tii-y 
have  flaughter'd  and  eaten  great  numl>i:i5. 

In  the  year  16^3.  Fanree,  a  Dutchman,  Ptiitheo- 
and  company  fettled  a  colony  in  the  ifland  lonicv 
of  St.  Lujlacbius  and   part  of  that  of  St. 
Martin  ;  and  Lamp/en  of  Middlebwg,  ano- 
ther in  th.U  ofTabago,  by  the  Dutch  cali'd 
fl'alchcren. 

The  baiily  af  Pointy,  a  French  knight  of  More 
Malta,  liime  years  after,  lai.l  the  founda-  Frixtk 
tion  of  a  French  colony  in  the  ifland  of  St. 
Bartl.'olometv,  and  the  othi  r  ['art  of  that  of 
St.  Martin  which  the  Dutch  l.ad  not,  divid- 
ing it  leiv/ixt  them  i  and  in  '.650.  began 
to  little  th.it  of  Santa  Cruz,  which  has 
been  hitherto  maintain'd  with  much  diffi- 
culty -,  but  now  gives  hopes  of  anfweving 
all  expe(^tation,  lincc  the  French  IVejl-In- 
dia  conifiany  has  been  careful  to  fuppFy  it 
plentifully  with  all  necel'iaiies,  fo  that  ii 
yields  conliderabic  returns  of  its  produift. 

Alter  the  French  hail  r.iv.iged  the  Eng- 
lijl.i  kttlements  at  St.  Cbrijlopher  in  i6bt». 
ilie  EngliJI.i  that  remained  fettled  themfelves 
in  the  ill.uid  Ahguila. 

The  Danes  iiavc  alio  fettled  a  colony  of  Djuj. 
their  nation  in  the  little  ifland  of  St,  T/jo- 
mas,  one  of  thofe  cali'd  the  Virgins  near  St. 
John  de  Puerto  Rico  ;  but  this  bcingfucha 
iinall  fpot  of  ground,  can  fcarcc  afford  its 
inhabit.ints  a  comfortable  maintenance,  be- 
fides  that  t'iiey  are  !iut  forri'v  fupply'd  from 
Denmark,  and  therefore  not  likely  to  be- 
come very  confiderable.  However,  as  it 
lies  fo  near  the  Spanijh  iflands,  the  Daftes 
have  had  there  a  grod  underhand  trade 
with  that  and  other  European  nations,  efpe- 
cially  fince  the  late  eledor  of  Brandenburg 
was  aliow'd  a  (lorehoufe  there  in  the  fore, 
for  the  ule  of  his  African  company,  which 
has  fent  thither  a  conllderable  number  of 
fl.ives  yearly,  from  Guinea,  and  feveral 
forts  of  goods  from  F.ui  ■'pe,  M.  Burbot  de 
la  Porte,  a  relation  of  mine,  being  than 
chief  agent  there  for  th.  Brandenburg  AJri- 
can  company. 

The  ebbing  and  flowing  of  the  fja  is  ve-  Ebb  »nd 
ry  inconfiderable  about  thefe  iflands,  but  t'ooJ- 
greater  at  thole  which  are  nearelt  the  con- 
tinent, and  confequently  more  vifible  at 
Granada  than  at  Marlinico,  and  more  at 
this  l.tit  than  at  St.  Cbrijlopher;  for  at  this 
the  difference  between  higli  and  low  water 
is  not  above  a  fooc,  whereas  it  is  two  foot 
at  Marlinico. 

It  is  tobeobferved,  that  in  all  the  Fre'ch  Rj^jjIj 
iflands  the  leeward  fide  is  cali'd  bnjfelere, 
and  the  windward  fide  cabejle.-re.  The 
hills  in  general  are  named  mornn,  with 
each  its  particular  dillinclivc  name.  The 
little  rivers  they  call  ravines.  Another  rc- 
4  mark 


\  Mar- 

uiir'l 

iliortu- 

im  th-y 

tchman,  Dti'b<x)- 
e  iflanil  lo"'"- 
t  of  St. 

>e,  ano- 
:b  cullM 

night  of  More 

fouiula-  Frivh. 
Ill  of  St. 
if  th;it  of 
t,  liivkl- 
).  began 
liich  has 
ucli  tlitH- 
nfweviiig 

ir.-jhln- 
fuppFy  it 
.)  tliat  it 
)roduft. 

tlic  Eng- 

in  i6t)(i. 
liemfelves 

colony  of  DjU" 
(  Si.  TIjo- 
IS  ricar  St. 
lingfucha 

afford  its 
lance,  be- 
lly'd  from 
ely  to  be- 
:vcr,  as  it 
the  Danes 
and  trade 

ons,  efpe- 

aiidenburg 
the  fore, 
■,  which 

umber  of 

id  fcveral 
Burbot  tie 

aeing  than 

l/iirg  Afri- 

■  fi:a  is  VC-  Ebb  »nd 
Linds,  but'-l'wJ. 
t  the  con- 

vilible  at 
.1  more  at 

tor  at  this 

low  water 
is  two  foot 

theiT-^f/jRemirlJ 
hnffete  re, 
-re.  i;he 
rwi-i,  with 
me.  The 
Another  re- 
mark 


the  Caribbee  Ijlands. 


643 


mark  .s,  that  whercfoever  there  arc  fuch 
tmrnes  or  hills  to  the  leeward,  there 
loiretimcs  come  from  them  on  a  fud- 
ilen  fuch  fierce  gufts  of  wind,  that  it  be- 
hoves all  failors  who  p.ifs  by  any  thing 
near,  to  keep  a  watchful  eye  upon  their 
fails,  for  they  may  very  well  overfet  a  thip. 


Granada 


Is  forty  leagues  diftant  from  the  conti- 
nent, and  lies  m  1 1  degrees  50  minutes  of 
north  latitude  and  -'  ait  thirty  leagues  to 
leeward  ofTahago,  being  about  twenty  live 
or  twenty  eiglu  leagues  in  compafs ;  a  verv 


and  immediately  follows  a  dead  calm.  This     hilly  country,  every  where  watered  with 


the  I'Vench  call  pezant  or  rapbal. 

Having  given  this  fliort  account  of  the 
firft  eftablilhmcnts  of  ihc  Europeans  in  the 
Caribbee  iflands,  I  fliall  now  proceed  to  o- 
ther  p.iniculars  which  are  ufeful  to  fuch  as 
rcfort  to  that  part  of  the  world,  being 
Their  true  pofition  and  extent,  and  the 
diftance  between  them,  beginning  with 
thofc  which  lie  neareft  to  the  continent,  and 
proceeding  regularly  along  to  the  molt 
diftant  1  adding  a  geographical  and  hifto- 
lical  account  of  the  wars  and  other  tranf- 
adions  of  moment  which  have  happened 
there  fince  they  have  been  polfefs'd  by  Eu- 
ropeans. 

T  A}i  AG  A,  by  the  Dutch  cali'd  W  a  i,- 
c  H  E  R  £  N,  and  by  the  French  T  a- 

BAC. 


In  the  year  1678.  this  idancl  was  taken 
from  the  Dutch  by  marJhal  ^'KJlrees,  alter 
two  of  the  fliari)ell  ingagements  that  have 
been  known  ;  and  is  now  abandon'd,  and 
only  rcforted  to  by  birds.  It  is  about  twen- 
ty eight  leagues  in  compafs,  the  land  on 
the  ealt  fide  low,  and  lies  in  1 1  degrees  15 
minutes  north  lacitude  to  windward  of  all 
the  other  illands,  that  is  the  moft  cailerly 
of  t'  rm. 

labago  is  encompafled  with  rocks  and 
fhoals,  which  render  the  accefs  to  it  very 
diflicult,  and  has  no  havens  for  /hips  of  a- 
bovc  a  hundred  tons.     The  Country  is  ve- 
ry marlhy,    and  therefore  the  air  unwhol- 
fome,  and  there  is  but  little  fren  water  in  it. 
1  he  incurfions  of  the  Indians,  as  well  from 
the  ifland  of  St.  yment,  as  from  the  con- 
tinent always,  made  it  a  place  of  little  fafety, 
and  may  hinder  its  being  poflefs'd  by  £«- 
ropeans  hereafter.    'J'he  Zealanders,  after  the 
\XACcof  Breda,  were  at  a  great  expence  to  re- 
pair all  the  habitations  the  Englifi  had  de- 
Itroy'd,    when  they  took  the  illand  from 
them,  and  the  French  of  the  illand  of  Grana- 
da a  year  after  drove  out  the  Englijh  ;  but 
not  being  able  to  keep  their  ground,  they  a- 
bandon'd  it,  tarrying  away  the  bell  move- 
ables and  fome  cannon,  having  burnt  the 
little  fort  and  hoult;s.      However  they  ftill 
claim  the  property  of  the  ifland,  as  yielded 
up  to  France  by  the  treaty  ot  Ntmeguem 
but  the  Englijl)  pretend  to  the  fame  right. 

The  foil  is  very  projier  for  tobacco,  In- 
dian wheal,  indigo,  Icvcral  fons  of  grai;i 
and  American  fruits. 


brooks  and  rivulets.  The  hills  are  not  very 
high,  pretty  cafy  of  afcent,  and  generally 
fruitful  in  mort  parts.  It  lias  a  very  good 
harbour  againft  all  forts  of  weather,  and  con- 
iains  twenty  llout  men  of  war,  having  every 
v/here  five  fathom  water  -,  befides  another 
advantage  it  enjoys,  which  is  that  this  ifland 
is  quite  free  from  hurricanes,  which  rage 
lb  violently  in  the  other  Caribbee  iflands. 
The  French  colony  there  begins  to  increafe, 
and  is  like  to  turn  to  good  account. 

Formerly  the  I'remh  at  Granada  drove 
a  trade  with  the  Ind-ans  on  the  oppofite 
continent,  by  means  of  fome  of  the  natives 
of  Dominica,  whom  they  kept  feveral  years 
in  that  fervice  and  who  brought  them  from 
the  laid  continent  fome  cochineal,  bal- 
fam  of  Tolou,  capachu  oil,  psrrots,  and  o- 
iher  rarities  of  the  country.  It  has  been 
obferved,  that  the  Caribbees  of  Dominica 
and  thofe  of  St.  Vincent  and  Santa  Lucia 
fcarce  underftand  one  another's  language, 
nor  much  of  thofe  other  Canibals  on  the 
continent  over  againft  them,  whence  it  is 
fuppofed  that  they  have  little  communica- 
tion among  themfelves. 


G 


RANADILLA 


Lies  north  by  eaft  of  Granuda,  with  fe- 
veral fmall  iflands  about  it  \  betwixt  which 
there  is  fcarce  any  paflage,  but  for  floops 
and  barks,  and  even  thofe  muft  be  well 
acquainted  with  the  channels.  Their  ncar- 
ne?s  and  the  rocks  and  ftioals  about  them 
break  the  force  of  the  current,  which  there 
fets  with  file  wind,  and  it  is  advifeable  in 
failing  by  them  :o  keep  to  the  windward. 

B  E   K  I   A 

Lies  betwixt  Granadilla  on  the  fouth  and 
St.  Vincent  on  the  north,  having  a  defart 
anonyn  ous  ifland  on  the  north-call  of  it, 
much  of  the  fame  bignefs  and  beyond  that 
a^  in  the  Ifl«-  of  Birds,  not  half  fo  big, 
but  fo  cali'd  from  the  vail  multitude  of  lea 
birds  reforting  to  it.  The  compafs  of  Be- 
kia  is  about  twelve  leagues,  having  a  very 
good  harbour,  but  little  frefli  water,  and  is 
inhabited  by  a  few  Caribbees. 

St.  Vincent 

Is  moft  of  it  ont  high  round  mountain 
ten  or  twelve  leagues  in  compafs,  lying  on 

the 


!:l^' 


m\ 


644 


A  brief  Defcripuort  of 


I 


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ill 

i'T' 


i 


r^ 


I'ii'R 


HfKRERA  the  fimc  parallel  with  Graimlilla,   in  i;? 

'"''VX.'  degrees  20  rriinutes  north  Jatitialc,  dilljnt 
thirty  two  leagues  from  Graiui.la.  On  tlic 
lee  fide  of  it  is  a  very  fine  port,  which 
the  Englijlj  fome  years  fince  would  have 
made  theml'elves  maftcrs  of;  but  the  In- 
diiiHS,  who  arc  wliolly  pofleflid  of  the 
ifland,  prevented  their  making  a  d';lcent, 
with  (howers  of  {loifoned  arrows,  and  the 
alFiilance  of  the  Blacks,  who  then  reveng- 
ed thenifelves  for  all  the  ill  ufage  they  had 
received  from  the  Englijh. 

Thofe  Blacks  b<ing  about  twelve  or 
fifteen  hundred,  living  on  the  coall  ot  St. 
Vincent  are  fled  thither  from  the  neigiiliour- 
ing  idands,  and  efpeciaily  from  Barbadoes, 
whence  they  made  tlieir  efcapc  with  a 
fair  wind  in  their  mailers  canoes.  The 
other  fide  is  peopicti  by  two  or  three  thou- 
iimd  L.dians,  who  trade  witii  thole  about 
the  river  Oroiwque,  on  the  continent,  go- 
ing over  in  their  piraguas  or  large  canoes, 
as  they  do  to  any  other  illands  in  the  gulf 
of  Mexico ;  and  what  is  llrangelt,  tiiey 
feldom  mifcarry  by  foul  weather,  but  are 
commonly  aware  of  hurricanes  a  confide- 
rable  time  before  they  come.  Thefe  two 
forts  of  inhabitants  being  fo  numerous, 
take  care  to  till  their  lands,  that  they  may 
afford  them  fulficicnt  provifions,  which 
makes  it  look  like  a  very  fine  country  in 
failing  by,  at  about  half  a  league  chlUnce. 
It  abounds  in  fruit,  fowl,  goats  and  fwine, 

Barbadoes, 

So  commonly  called  by  the  Engli/h,  but 
more  properly  Barbada,  being  the  nani'- 
given  it  by  tiie  Spaniards,  who  were  the 
firll  difcoverers  lyes  in  13  degrees  20  mi- 
nutes north  latitude,  and  is  between  twen- 
ty and  tliirty  leagues  in  compafs,  twenty 
five  leagues  diflant  eallward  from  Santa 
Lucia,  and  ibmewhat  more  from  Marti- 
nico.  The  Engliflj  have  been  poficfied  of 
it  fince  the  year  1627,  and  fo  well  im- 
proved the  foil,  that  it  is  become  the  moll 
wealtiiy  colony  they  have  in  America,  be- 
ing extraordinary  populous,  and  having  a 
very  great  trade,  not  only  to  Great  Bri- 
tain, l)ut  to  blorth  America.  It  is  faid  to 
contain  loooo  Whites  able  to  bear  arms, 
befide  40000  Blacks  employed  about  the 
plantations  of  fugar,  cotton,  indigo,  gin- 
ger and  other  fruits,  which  make  the  wealth 
oi  the  inhabitants,  many  of  whom  are  very 
ricli,  anti  li''e  v.ry  decently.  There  are 
alniniiance  of  fine  houles  built  with  brick 
and  (lone,  well  furnilhed,  and  a  confider- 
ablc  number  of  well  fiirnifhed  (hops,  ef- 
ih  .1(1  |)eci..lly  in  Bridge  Town,  oth.rwife  called 
^  ""•  St.  Mitbacl's,  which  is  the  capital,  the  re- 
liJci.ce  of  the  governor,  the  magillracy, 
tlicgaiilbn,  and  fcveral  eminent  merchants 


and  fadors.  The  great  refort  from  all 
pail:;  ot  /•./(^',7);,/and  S'orih  America  nwkn 
it  abound  with  all  neceliarics  anil  coiivc- 
nieiiies  lor  lile.  Tlie  town  is  reckoned  to 
contain  about  fjoo  houfes,  and  is  built  in 
the  torni  ot  a  crttcent,  or  half-moon,  with 
good  fortifications  at  both  ends  to  defend 
the  road,  where  a  confiderable  number  of 
lliips  rides  all  the  year  about. 

There  are  three  other  towns  in  the  ifland, 
viz.  Charles  Tnun,  James  Town  and  l.illU 
Briftol,  each  ot  them  containing  above  two 
luinilred  houles,  betides  many  fine  ones  all 
about  the  country.  All  this,  together  with 
the  roundnels  of  the  ifl.ind,  the  cvennefsof 
the  land,  which  is  pretty  high,  without 
hills  or  mountains,  the  great  variety  of 
trees,  the  curious  hedges  and  the  many 
windmills,  attbrds  a  delightful  profpeft  in 
(ailing  along  the  fliorc,  as  we  diil  in  our 
padiige  from  Cayenne.  There  are  alfo  fc- 
veral  forts  on  the  coall,  for  its  greater  fc- 
curity. 

This  is  obfervable,  that  there  are  no 
rivers,  and  yet  there  is  no  want  of  frefli 
w.iter,  which  is  every  wh'-rc  to  be  had 
withoiit  digging  very  deep.  There  is  a 
Aifiiui^nt  Hock  of  cattel  and  poultry.  A 
prodigious  quantity  of  lugar  is  yearly  Sugar, 
brougiit  from  thence,  and  better  than  that 
ot  the  French  illands  near  to  it.  Some  is 
refined  there,  of  which  there  arc  two  forts, 
and  three  of  the  mofcovado. 

The  multitude  of  black  (laves  kept  in 
the  illand  has  feveral  times  brought  the 
Engliflj  inhabitants  into  danger  of  being 
mailiicred  -,  thofc  wretches  having  feveral 
times  confpircd  againfl  their  matters,  and 
particularly  a  few  years  ago,  when  their 
defign  was  difcovered  but  a  few  days  be- 
fore it  was  to  have  been  put  in  execution  i 
feveral  of  the  ringleaders  were  put  to  moll 
cruel  deaths,  and  Ibme  hundreds  made  their 
efcape  to  the  ifland  of  St.  Vincent,  as  has 
been  before  oblerved,  where  they  continue 
to  this  day  among  the  Indian  inhabitants. 
Since  then,  (uch  order  has  been  taken,  that 
we  have  not  heard  of  any  mutiny. 

The  ifland  is  divided  into  eleven  pariflies, 
and  has  fourteen  churches  and  chapels,  be- 
ing again  lubdivided  into  many  plantations, 
fome  great  and  fome  fmall,  the  whole  con- 
tinent of  it  being  reckoned  about  1 26000 
acres,  naturally  fortified  with  rocks  and 
(hoals  on  the  north  and  north-eall,  where 
(hips  can  only  anchor  at  two  or  three  pla- 
ces i  but  for  the  fouth-eaft  and  wclterly 
part,  it  is  all  a  long  road,  where  fliips 
may  ride,  efpecially  in  four  principal  pla- 
ces or  bays.  The  chief  of  them  is  called 
Carlifle  bay,  in  the  fouth-wcft  part  of  the 
ifland,  about  the  middle  of  it,  a  very  good 
road,  where  five  hundred  (hips  of  any  bur- 
den may  be  iik,  except  from  fouth  and 

weft 


the  Caribbee  IJlattdt, 


<S45 


Foiti. 


Cturlti 
louin. 


l:tt!l- 


Weft  winds,  which  very  feldom  blow  in 
tholb  parts,  being  generally  eaft,  inclining 
either  to  nortii  or  iouth,  and  'hereforc  the 
eait  part  of  the  ifland  is  called  the  wind- 
ward, and  the  weft  the  leeward  part. 
There  alfo  lies  St.  Michael's,  or  Bridge 
town,  with  the  two  forts  at  the  points  a- 
bove-mcntioned.  The  chiefeft  ot  them 
is  called  Charles  Fori,  ftanding  on  Needbam'i 
point,  lying  out  in  the  fca,  to  the  wind- 
ward ot  the  bay  and  town,  fo  that  an  ene- 
my keeping  out  of  command  of  it,  can- 
not do  the  town  or  (hipping  any  harm. 
The  fort  is  ftrong,  built  with  lime  and 
ftone,  and  has  feventeen  great  guns,  with 
room  for  more,  fufRciently  garilbncd  and 
commanded  by  a  captain. 

The  platform  joins  to  the  windward 
part  of  the  town,  made  for  fifteen  guns, 
and  the  other  fort  is  at  the  leeward  part  ca- 
pable of  fifteen  great  guns. 

The  fecond  road  and  town  is  called 
Charles  town,  ftanding  on  Oyjlon  Bay,  a- 
bout  two  leagues  weft  from  Bridge  town, 
and  has  alfo  two  forts  and  a  platform  \  the 
forts  one  to  the  windward  and  the  other 
to  the  leeward,  and  the  platform  in  the 
middle.  Tho'  this  town  be  not  much  re- 
fortcd  to  by  (hipping,  there  arc  in  it  feve- 
ral  ware-houfes  for  trade. 

The  third  is  James  Town,  formerly  cal- 
led  the  Holl,  about  two  leagues  to  the  lee- 
ward of  Bridge  town,  ana  has  only  one 
platform,  but  is  otherwife  well  fortified 
with  breaft-works.  Few  (hips  come  to  it, 
but  it  has  a  trade  with  the  inhabitants  of 
the  adjacent  parts. 

The  fourth  being  Littk-Briftol ,  or 
Spigbt's  Bay,  is  about  Your  leagues  to  lee- 
ward of  Bridge  town,  and  has  two  forts. 
Many  ftiips  refort  to  it,  efpecially  from 
the  city  of  Briftol,  and  it  is  thefecona  place 
of  trade  in  the  ifland  to  Bridge  Town. 

The  ifland  is  inhabited  by  Englijh,  Scots 
and  Irijh,  and  fome  ffw  Dutch  and  French, 
as  traders  and  plant  .rs,  befides  fome  few 
Jews,  and  a  multitude  of  Blacks  and  Mu- 
iattoes. 

All  accounts  are  adjufted  in  Mofiovado 
fugars,  by  which  all  other  commodities 
are  regulated  ;  and  the  fame  is  done  in  all 
the  other  Englijh  and  French  Caribbee  iflands. 
The  potatoes  of  fidrifl</o«  are  generally  re- 
puted the  belt  of  all  thofc  iflands. 

Santa  Lucia 

Lies  N.  by  E.  of  S.  Vincent,  that  is,  of 
the  point,  called  les  Pitons,  which  is  form- 
ed by  two  very  high  fteep  mounts  like  fu- 
gar  loaves,  ftanding  on  the  weftern  part  of 
the  ifland,  whence  a  very  ftrong  current 
fets  to  the  wcftward,  and  ought  carefully 
to  be  avoided,    when  failing  thence  for 

Vol.  V. 


Martinico.     This  ifland  ii  m  14  degrees  H in*" « 
of  north  latitude,  and  about  twenty  leagues  •^'V\J 
in  compafs,  high,  and  divided  into  plains 
and  mountains  covered    with  woodi   are 
reckoned  good,  but  fcarce  habitable,  by 
realbn  of  a  multitude  of  ferpents,  of  the 
fame   fort  and  as  venomous  as  thofc  in 
Martinico.     However,   there  are  two  or 
three  /«fy»<j« carbets  in  it,  and  fome  French- 
men, who  carry  toitoiles  from  thence  to 
Martinico,    O.i  the  fhore  grow  abundance 
of  manfanilla  trees,  not  tall,  but  tiic  wood  M,inja- 
of  them  fine,  the  leaves  like  thofc  of  the  '"""' 
pear  tree,  the  fruit  a  fort  of  fmall  apples, 
whence  the  Spaniards  gave  them  the  name  -, 
of  fo  fine  a  colour  and  pleafant  fcent,  as 
will  eafily  invite  fuch  as  are  unacquainted    • 
to  eat  them)  bur  containing  a  mortal  poi- 
fon,  againft  which  no  antidote  has  any 
force.     The  very  leafof  itcaufcs  an  ulcer, 
where  it  touches  the  flefh,  and  the  dew  on 
it  frets  off  the  (kin  ■,  nay  the  very  (hadow 
of  the  tree  is  pernicious,  and  will  caufe  a 
man  to  fwell,  if  he  fleeps  under  it. 

Befides  tortoifes,  it  fupplies  Martinico 
with  many  wild  fwine  and  fowl,  the  for- 
mer whereof  is  excellent  food,  and  eafily 
taken,  there  being  great  plenty.  Several 
(hips  touch  there  for  wood. 

The  paflage  between  the  two  moft  weft- 
erly  points  of  Santa  Lucia  and  Martinico  is 
about  eight  leagues,  but  to  the  middle  ot 
the  latter,  which  is  the  Cut  de  Sac,  isabouc 
ten  leagues. 

Martinico. 

By  the  Indians  called  Madanina ,  is 
a  large  ifland,  about  fifty  five  leagues  in 
compafs,  eighteen  in  length,  and  the 
breadth  very  unequal  in  feveral  places,  lying 
in  14  degrees  50  minutes  north  latitude-, 
high  land,  efpecially  in  the  middle,  where 
(lands  the  great  high  mountain  called  Peled^ 
the  top  whereof  rifes  above  the  clouds,  and 
therefore  there  is  always  a  gathering  of 
clouds  about  it,  whence  above  forty  rivu- 
lets fpread  themfclves  all  about  the  ifland, 
fome  of  them  navigable  a  confiderable 
way  up  the  land.  It  has  the  conveniency 
of  three  ports,  where  above  a  hundred  (hips 
may  lade  every  year,  viz.  the  Cul  de  Sac  Ports. 
Royal,  the  borough  of  St.  Peter,  by  many 
called  Bajfe  Fille,  or  le  Mouillage,  and  the 
Cul  de  Sac  de  la  trinite,  of  which  ports  more 
hereafter. 

The  ifl.ind  lies  between  thr*  A  Dominica 
on  the  north  and  Santa  Lucia  on  the  fouth. 
Its  principal  cajKS  are  thofc  called  des  Tour-  Cape;. 
menles,  facing  the  north-eaft ;  des  Salines, 
at  S.  S.  E,  and  Solomon'^i,  at  S.  S.  W,  and 
betwixt  the  two  latter  the  diamond  rock. 

All  Martinico  is  hilly,   and  the  middle 

part  fo  mountainous  that  it  is  not  inha- 

S  B  biuble. 


I  Hi 


1 


m 

■■\f   .'t 


,i!V 


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II 


III 

If!      ; 

m 


646 


^  Mi?/  Dejcription  of 


CtlC 


Co  0.1 


Buium 


■IViJe. 


»»*  bii.ible.  Ilpwfver  ull  the  refl:  is  very  Jer- 
[ilc  in  lligar<;,  which  .tre  nuw  rcfin'd  there  i 
rotton,  imlipo,  ca(na,  rocou,  cinnamon, 
cocoa,  mun.liota,  jiotatoes,  ranonas,  plan- 
tani's,  ananas,  aicajou,  apples,  lemons, 
oranges,  und  many  other  forts  of  fruits  and 
pl.inis.  The  fugar,  tho*  very  plentiful, 
is  brown.  There  is  alfo  a  fine  (ortof  wood 
calleil  gnyjac,  of  which  they  make  pullies 
anti  other  things  for  (hips.  The  lemon 
tree  is  no  othtr  than  a  large  tliick  bufli, 
very  thorny,  und  grows  every  where  wild  1 
the  fruit  very  fmall,  but  yielding  much 
juice,  of  which  they  prefs  out  great  tjuan- 
titics  to  fend  abroad  in  calks. 

'i'hcfe  antI  other  fruits,  tranfportcd  thi- 
ther from  h'raiict,  tlirivc  there  very  well ; 
and  Iheep,  oxen  and  horlirs  multiply  apace. 
The  cocoa-nuts  grow  ,10  where  but  in 
moid  piaces,  and  futh  as  are  but  little  ex- 
pofed  to  the  fun.  'I'he  tree  is  fmall,  and 
the  fruit  grows  in  a  long  cod,  which  when 
ri[H,'  they  gather  and  dry  in  the  fun;  th': 
faid  cod  is  a  rind  like  that  of  the  pome- 
gianate,  and  contains  r.bout  twenty  five 
or  thirty  of  thofe  nuts,  of  which  chocolate 
is  matle. 

Along  the  banks  of  the  river  of  St.  Pe- 
/iv's  town,  ot  late  years  has  been  obferved 
a  quantity  of  ruflies,  growing  pretty  tliick 
and  round,  about  three  feet  high  -,  the 
leaves  whereof  arc  long,  narrow  and  fliarp 
pointed.  The  boughs  of  thefe  bufties  be- 
ing bioke  into  many  fhort  pieces,  there 
runs  out  of  each  little  Hick  two,  three  or 
four  drops  of  a  white,  glutinous  fap,  or 
liquor,  much  like  that  of  unripe  figs,  which 
has  been  found  a  fovereign  medicine  againft 
all  Ibrrs  of  intermitting  fevers,  taking  two 
ipoonfuls  of  it  at  a  time,  and  excellent  a- 
g.iinft  the  country  cholicks.  Some  fuppofe 
ic  to  be  the  white  balli  m  fo  much  com- 
mended by  chemilKs.  'l"he  people  there 
gatJK-r  it  in  fmall  vials,  and  it  is  much  va- 
lu'd  in  ! ranee. 

Its  advant.igtous  fituation,  and  great 
number  of  I'ubltantial  merchants  and  plan- 
ters, give  this  illand  a  great  fliarc  of  trade 
!'.t  Hdodeaux,  Rcc belle ,  Nantes,  Dieppe, 
Man'eilles,  anil  oth-r  I'M  port  towns  of 
France,  which  fend  thither  yearly  great 
quantities  of  all  ibi  ts  of  commodities,  as 
wine,  br:'.ndy,  meal,  corn,  falt-meat,  cloth, 
linen,  filks,  haberdafliei-y  of  all  forts,  hats, 
flioes,  paper,  laces  and  houlhold  goods,  as 
alfo  all  things  requifue  lor  rigging  and  fit- 
iii<i;  out  of  Ihips,  barks  and  boats-,  whence 
in  return  they  bring  away  fiigars,  brown 
and  refined ;  cotton,  rocou,  calfia,  indigo, 
cocao,  gayac  wood,  and  other  product  of 
the  ifland  •,  and  during  the  war  they  had 
many  adventurers  in  privateering,  who  dur- 
ing tlie  bit  wars  took  abundance  of  very 
Tidi  fliips,  as  well  Dutch  as  EngliJIj,  info- 


much,  that  feveral  of  the  inhabitants  have  VV^jIiIi 
got  confiderable  eftates  by  that  mean;, and  •'"''pul'te- 
tne  planters  in  the  mean  lime  have  made  i  '^""'" 
very  good  hand  of  their  fugars  and  other 
commodities  of  their  growth,  the  value 
whereof  has  been  much  enhanc'd  by  the  wars 
and  other  cafualties.  Thus  many  families 
there  now  make  a  very  fplcndid  apjiear- 
ance,  being  a  very  civil  and  allablc  pco- 
})le  J  and  France  may  be  known  there  by 
the  finenefs  of  the  [leopic,  the  women  be- 
ing as  handfome  as  any  in  Europe,  well  fa- 
(hion'd  and  genteel,  thro'  the  great  num- 
ber of  well-bred  perfons  reforting  thither 
from  France  and  other  parts,  this  being  the 
rendezvous  for  the  officers  of  men  of  war, 
and  of  the  garrifon,  and  the  rcfidence  of 
the  general,  ^he  governor,  the  intendants, 
the  magillrates,  and  if  the  fovereign  court 
of  judicature,  on  which  depend  the  illands 
of  Santo  Domingo,  Guadalupe,  Marigalante, 
Saintes,  Santa  Crux  and  Santa  Lucia.  1  lere 
are  alfo  the  agents  of  the  French  /Ifrican 
company,  and  thofe  of  many  fubftantial 
merchants  and  faftors  in  France. 

In  my  time  I  knew  there  fome  planters, 
who  had  ab^^vc  four  hundred  black  (laves 
of  their  ow.i,  each  of  them  to  work  in 
their  plantations. 

The  liajjh'ille  being  the  refidencc  of  all  Bajftviil . 
the  molt  fafhionable  people,  is  a  pretty 
large  and  popular  town,  otlierwifc  called 
St.  Peter,  confirting  chiefly  of  one  wind- 
ing ftrect,  an  Englijb  mile  in  length,  ail 
in  afcents  and  del(;cnts,  lying  along  the 
beach,  and  in  feveral  places  crolfed  by 
many  curious  rows  of  orange  trees,  towards 
that  part  of  the  town  calltd  le  Mouillage, 
that  IS,  the  anchoring  place,  bccaufe  the 
(hips  ufually  ride  before  it,  about  a  mufkec 
(hot  from  the  /liore,  in  about  thirty  five 
fathoms  water-,  befides  the  river  which 
crofles  the  middle  of  the  town,  and  has 
excellent  water,  over  which  is  a  little  bridge, 
and  at  the  end  of  it  the  governor's  houfe. 
This  river  comes  down  from  a  great 
valley  that  is  behind  the  town,  in  which 
arc  many  plantations,  afibrding  a  very 
pleafant  profpedt.  At  one  end  of  the  town 
IS  the  monaltcry  of  the  Jefuiti,  curioully 
built ;  and  at  the  other,  towards  the  Alou- 
illnge,  in  the  midft  of  the  orange  tree  walk, 
which  is  eight  hundred  paces  in  length, 
with  double  rows  of  orange  and  lemon 
trees,  and  the  fined  perhaps  in  the  world, 
were  it  not  for  the  continual  fear  a  man 
is  there  in  of  fome  fnakes  lurking  about ; 
and  in  the  middle  of  this  walk  is  the 
convent  of  the  Dominicans.  There  is  alfo 
a  fmall  nunnery  of  Urfelins ;  befide  an  hof- 
pital  in  the  care  of  thofe  they  call  the  bre- 
thren of  the  charity.  Moll  of  the  houfes 
in  the  town  arc  built  with  timber,  though 
there  are  fome  of  (tone,  all  of  them  very 

handfome. 


ts  luive  WcjIiIi 

iiiadc  -i 
J  othci- 
:  value 
lie  wars 
Families 
ipjiear- 
le  peo- 
ere  by 
lien  be- 
well  fa- 
t  num- 
thither 
[■ingthe 
of  war, 
ence  of 
indants, 
n  court 
:  idands 
Igalantty 
I.  litre 
/Ifrican 
)l\antial 

)lanters, 
<  flaves 
vork  in 

:e  of  all  BifiviH. 
I  pretty 
fc  called 
c  wind- 
gch,  all 
ong  the 
)ired  by 
towards 
touillage, 
lufe  the 
I  inufkec 
irty  five 
r  which 
and  has 
E  bridge, 
's  houfe 

a  great 
n  which 

a  very 
the  town 
:urioufly 
the  Mou- 
ree  walk, 
I  length, 
lU  lemon 
le  world, 
r  a  mail 
5  about  i 
k  is  the 
re  is  alfo 
le  an  hof- 

the  bre- 
he  houfes 
,  though 
hem  very 
andfotne. 


I 


. ,  ;■( 


n 


H  ti 


Iff..     ,     r 


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lt''li  ■'■ 


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mS[Pcler  m  v'fxl^%irtuiiu 


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.»    J'iif   i,  nU'*tdunts  tiju>/£ 


-he  J*. 


}}  w  ite*.^Jt 


tt-'fut  jf  tht  Mexj  Italic r^.r*  it: 
tt  <it'  t/tc  ^Tcifrt    Call  d  U>f  Ti 


U\ilh 


Te^hi 


J 


^  f 


i 

m  ' 

i 

P 

1'' 

i 


the  Caribbee  JJlands. 


647 


i 


lort. 


handfotnc,  which  together  with  the  pIowM 
lands  between  the  town  and  the  mountain, 
afcending  gradually  for  a  great  diftance  up 
the  land,  renders  the  prol'peft  of  that  pare 
oC Martimco  lb  very  delightful  by  the  view 
of  the  laid  hills  and  the  great  variety  of 
wooiis,  trees  and  greens,  that  I  thought  it 
well  worth  prefenting  the  reader  with  a 
draught  thereof,  as  it  appeared  to  me  from 
PuTii  aboard  a  (hip,  riding  in  the  road,  the  cut 
:;5.         here  inferted  reprcfenting  it  to  the  life. 

The  fort  of  6'/.  Peter,  which  in  my  time 
flood  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  to  obltrudt: 
anydefcent  that  way,  and  hinder  boats  and 
iloops  from  runnng  up  the  frefh  water  ri. 
vcr,  lias  been  fin^'e  ruin'd  by  hurricanes. 
It  was  formerly  ei  itcd  by  the  Sieiir  du 
Parquet,  and  was  as  ill  contriv'd  to  repulfe 
an  enemy  from  without,  as  to  oppolc  any 
attempt  from  within,  not  commanding  the 
road,  nor  hindring  the  approach  of  Ihips 
to  ti»e  coail ;  it  was  of  no  ufe  againlt  an 
enemy,  befide  that  it  was  commanded  by 
a  iii^her  ground  overlooking  it,  within 
mulket  fliot,  fo  that  the  defendants  lay 
wholly  expofed,  for  which  reafon  it  could 
not  hold  out  twelve  hours,  if  attacked  on 
the  land  fide,  and  therefore  it  has  not  been 
thought  tit  to  be  fince  rebuilt.  There  are 
(till  two  batteries,  one  at  each  end  of  the 
town,  with  other  fortifications  raifed  there 
fince  the  Ev.glijh,  in  1693,  with  a  fl.ot  of 
fixty  fail,  attempted  to  make  a  C>.icent  at 
the  point  du  Prefcbeur,  a  little  above  the 
town,  but  were  repulfed  with  confiderable 
lofs  by  the  inhabitants,  who  were  feafon- 
ably  joined  and  fuftained  by  the  count  de 
Blenac,  their  general,  who  march'd  thi- 
ther with  two  hundred  men,  from  Fort 
Rcsal  in  one  night,  the  diftance  being  fix 
leagues. 

Cul  de  Sac  Royal  is  a  large  bay  on  the 
fouth  fide  of  till"  ifiand,  at  the  bottom 
whereof  Hands  a  pretty  town,  containing 
near  three  huidred  families,  v.hcre  the  ge- 
neral rcfides,  and  the  courts  of  jultice  are 
kept.  The  Iheets  are  llrait,  and  the  hou- 
fes  regular,  mofl:  built  with  timber.  The 
Captcbhis  have  a  fine  monaftery  there. 

Fort  Ko\al  commands  the  town,  being 
veryadvantageoufly  leatcd  on  a  large,  long 
and  high  pcninfula.  It  is  no  way  accefTible 
on  the  tea  fide,  but  along  the  rows  of  rocks 
which  encompafs  it. There  is  no  other  avenue 
to  the  town  but  by  a  long  and  very  nar- 
row ■■'uieway,  flank'd  by  a  half  moon  and 
two  ballions,  lin'd  with  good  Hone  work, 
and  defended  by  a  wet  ditch.  There  are 
eighteen  and  twenty  four  pounders  mount- 
ed every  "Ay  on  it,  and  fix  companies  of 
marinets  in  garilon.  There  is  alio  a  good 
magazine  ot  powder,  and  a  cittern,  both 
of  them  bomb  proof,  lb  that  the  tort  is 
now  in  a  ^^ood  condition  and  may  wich- 


R.).i/. 


S^t 


F.rlR} 


(land  a  confiderable  army;  and  even  be-  Her«era 
fore  it  was  brought  to  this  perfeftion,  ad-  ^^^'"N^ 
miral  deRuyler,  in  the  year  1674,  attack'd 
it  in  vain  with  three  thoufand  men,  under 
count  Horn,  and  was  forced  to  draw  oft' 
with  great  precipitation,  leaving  nine  hun- 
dred of  his  foldiers  dead  on  the  fpot.     I 
here  infertthe  cut  of  this  fort  fo  ftrong  by  '  "-atb 
art  and  nature,  as  it  was  in  the  year  1679.  34- 
The  trees  which  then  (lood  on  tiic  rifing 
ground  in  the  center  of  the  fort,  have  been 
fince  cut  down,  and  the  fortifications  con- 
fiderably  improv'd. 

I  have  added  a  plan  of  the  harbour  cal-  Cul df  Sat 
led  Cul  de  Sac,  which  is  the  bell  careening  harbour. 
place  throughout  the  Caribbee  itlands ;  the 
entrance  into  it  is  well  feciired  by  the  can- 
non of  the  batteries  in  the  fortrefs,  and 
by  feveral  rocks  and  fhoals,  fo  ranged  that 
there  is  no  other  pafliige  for  great  (hips, 
but  within  pillol-(hot  of  the  water-battery. 
This  harbour  can  contain  fifty  tall  fhips, 
and  is  the  common  refuge  of  French  fliips 
in  the  t'  ne  of  hurricanes ;  the  water  in  it 
being  always  {till,  becaufe  it  is  furrounded 
almofl:  on  all  fides  with  high  hills.  About 
the  middle,  or  the  latter  end  of  July,  the 
general  orders  all  commanders  to  carry 
their  fhips  in  thither  for  (lielter.  The 
royal  magazine  (lands  almoft  oppofite  to 
the  foit,  on  the  other  fide  of  the  river. 

Cul  de  Sac  de  la  Trinite,  (landing  on  the  ^"'/'J'' 
other  fide  of  the  ifland,  is  a  much  fmaler  ',^^,^''  "■ 
harbour,  and  lefs  frequented  than  thofe  be- 
fore fpoken  of. 

Cul  de  Sac  Maria,  at  the  Cahejlerre  and 
feveral  other  (mail  places  along  the  coall, 
ferve  only  tor  barks  and  boats  to  take  in 
their  lading  of  fugar  and  other  goods  of 
the  produ(^t  of  the  ifland,  and  fo  to  bring 
it  about  to  the  fliips  lying  at  BaJJeville,  le 
Prefcbeur,  or  Cul  de  Sac  Royal,  which  is 
very  troublefome,  becaufe  it  mutt  firtt  be 
carried  from  the  Ihore  to  the  barks  in  ca- 
noes, and  the  fea  on  that  windward  fide  is 
always  very  rough. 

The  Diamond  Point,  in  the  fouth  pirtof  DijmmiJ 
the  ifland,  has  its  name  from  a  large,  high,  ''"""• 
round  rock,  lying  out  at  fea,  about  a  mile 
from  the  point,  becaufe  perhaps  at  a  great 
ditlance  it  look'd  like  a  diamond.  It  gives 
(helter  to  a  vaft  number  of  tea-fowl  of  pj- 
veral  Ibrts,  which  increafe  prodigioufly,  it 
being  forbid  to  kill  them.  However,  in 
the  year  1O71,  five  perfnns  going  from 
Alartinico  to  this  rock  to  catch  thofe  birds, 
for  above  a  quarter  of  an  hour  had  a  full 
view  of  a  fifli  ret'embling  human  fhape, 
or  a  mermaid,  within  piltol-fliot  of  the 
tkirts  of  the  rock,  which  they  all  attefted 
upon  oath,  before  the  clerk  of  the  council 
of  the  ifland ;  and  feveral  people  at  Mar- 
tinico  aflerted  it  to  me  as  a  certain  truth. 
This  might  to  be  the  lame  fort  of  filh  I 

mentioned 


m 


■1 
■■•■  «■ 

i  ■  ■  ■' 
t ' 

w 

PI 
liil 


■M 


64.8 


A  brief  Dejcription  of 


jii  ■ 


m  1 1 


Inhabi- 
tants. 


Air 


Vermin. 


Siukes, 


HtRRi»A  mentioned  in  tiie  fupp'ement,  fo  common 
^■"^f^'  in   the  river  Zaire,  of  the    kingdom  of 
Congo. 

It  is  computed  that  there  are  now  above 
three  thoufand  Whites  able  to  bear  arms 
in  Marlinieo,  and  above  fifteen  thoufand 
black  flaves. 

The  high -lands  make  the  air  unwhole- 
fome,  and  few  fliips  go  thither,  whofe 
crews  do  not  feel  the  eftefts  of  it ;  fomc 
dying  in  a  few  hours,  without  any  ficknefs 
appearing.  Befides  they  are  much  tor- 
mented with  ants,  gnats  and  cbiques ;  this 
laft  is  a  fort  of  worm,  which  cuts  into  the 
heels  and  "oles  of  the  teet,  and  are  the 
more  troublefome  in  that  they  are  fcarce 
to  be  got  out,  if  they  have  had  time  to 
lay  their  eggs  there.  I  have  feen  fome 
Whites,  hit  much  more  the  Blacks, 
fo  peftercd  ith  that  almolt  imperceptible 
fort  of  vermin,  that  their  feet  have  been  fo 
ulcerated  and  fwell'd,  as  not  to  be  able  to 
go  or  (land,  and  others  brought  in  danger 
of  their  lives,  a  gangrene  following  the 
ulceration. 

Another  great  annoyance  is  from  the 
fnakes,  which  are  fo  common,  that  they 
crawl  into  the  houfes,  and  fometimes  into 
the  very  beds.  There  are  feveral  forts  of 
them,  and  their  (ting  is  very  dangerous, 
but  of  late  years  the  Blacks  have  difcover'd 
fome  fimples  which  cure  it  immediately. 
Among  them  is  a  weed  that  runs  up  the 
trees  like  our  ivy,  there  called  liane.  One 
morning  as  I  was  fitting  with  the  marquis 
de  Maintenon,  in  his  hall,  a  large  fnake 
crept  into  his  kitchen,  and  was  killed  there, 
which  he  told  me  he  would  caufe  to  be 
drefled  by  his  cook,  throwing  away  the 
head  and  entrails,  and  eat  it  .is  a  delicate 
di(h.  It  is  very  dangerous  walking  about 
the  woody  parts  of  the  idand,  on  account 
of  thofe  creatures,  or  fo  much  as  in  the 
beautiful  orange-walk  by  tht  Mouillage,  or 
anchoring-place,  of  whofe  beauty  I  have 
Ipoken  before. 

As  to  fpirituals,  there  are  both  fecular 
and  regular  clergy.  The  Jefuils  and  the 
Dominicans  have  their  houles,  where  the 
lormer  commonly  keep  four  priefts,  and 
the  Litter  two.  The  parilhes  are  ferved 
by  feculars.  There  is  alfo  a  monaftery  of 
Capuchin  friars  at  Fort  Royal,  and  one  of 
nuns  at  Si.  Peter  de  la  Bajjeterre. 

As  for  judicial  affairs,  the  general  and 
his  twelve  counfellors  decide  all  matters 
civil  and  criminal,  throughout  the  French 
Caribbee  ilLinds,  an  appeo.l  lying  from  the 
councils  of  all  the  others  to  that  of  Mar- 
tiiiiio,  as  alfo  from  t.hat  of  Santo  Domingo. 

This  ifland  is  much  hotter  than  that  of 
Giuuidupe,  not  only  becaufe  of  its  lying 
more  to  the  fouthward,  but  by  rcafon  it 
is  alfo  more  mountainous  and  woody,  and 


«,.crg)-. 


J  iliicc. 


the  ground  dryer  and  more  gravelly,  which 
alfo  makes  it  more  fruitful  in  tobacco  and 
mandioca.     The  fea  affords  abundance  of 
tortoifcs,   cdouannes  and  machorans,  or 
cat-fi(hes,  efpecially  of  thole  reprelcntcd  in 
the  cut ;  befides  other  lorts  of  fifh,  as  tre-  Plate 
zahar,  bequne,  (sic.  Some  of  the  macho-  19,20. 
rans  are  unwholefome  and  dangerous  to  pifL 
eat,  which  is  thought  to  proceed  from  their 
feeding  on  the  p  lifonous  Manzanilla  apples, 
which  drop  into  the  creeks.  There  are  alfo 
feveral  forts  of  fea-fowl,  and  among  them 
thofe   two   forts  reprtf.iited  in  the  cut,  Plate 
called  fregats  and  jiaille  en  cul;  the  former  16. 
of  them   is  by  the  Enfjlijh  call'd  a  man  Fowl. 
of  war,  from  their  fwift  flight  and  large 
Ipreading  wings ;   the  other  has  its  name 
fignifying  a  ftraw  in  the  britch,  from  one 
long  fingle  and  pointed  feather,  which  is 
all  the  tail  it  has,  and  at  a  diflance  looks 
like  a  ffraw  (luck  in  its  rump.     The  men 
of  war  naturally  fly  feveral  leagues  out  at 
fea,  and  are  a  mark  tor  (hips  to  know  when 
they  are  near  the  ifland ;  but  the  paille  en 
oil  commonly  plies  about  the  Shore. 

This  iHand  is  not  fo  fubjeft  to  hurricanes 
as  the  others,  and  is  the  general  rendez- 
vous of  all  (hips  coming  from  France,  as 
lying  more  to  the  windward  than  the  reft, 
and  therefore  they  can  fail  thence  to  the 
feveral  iflands  they  are  bound  to. 

Martinico  was  at  firft  inhabited  by  fome 
Frenih  and  Englijh,  who  reforted  to  it,  as 
well  as  to  others,  on  feveral  accounts,  be- 
ing generally  fuch  as  fled  thither  for  (hel- 
ter  for  their  pyracies.  They  lived  there 
fome  time  at  peace  with  the  favagcs,  but 
after  the  fettlements  made  by  d'Enambuc 
and  fVarner  before-mentioned,  on  the 
ifland  of  St.  Cbriftopher,  they  rcfolved  to 
maffacre  thofe  intruding  guefts,  and  the 
defign  being  difcovercd,  the  llaughter  fell 
upon  themlelves. 

The  old  French  jf/'rican  company,  with 
the  king's  leave,  fold  this  ifland,  Santa 
Lucia,  Granada  and  Granadilla,  in  the 
year  1650,  for  60000  livres,  to  the  then 
governor  for  the  king,  being  a  knight  of 
Malta,  for  himfclf  and  partners.  The  new 
H^eft  India  company  bought  the  fame  again 
of  that  gentleman's  heirs  in  1665.  the  two 
firft  for  1 20000  livres,  and  the  others  for 
1 00000  livres  of  another  gentleman,  who 
had  bought  them  of  the  before  mentioned 
governor,  and  apjwinted  governors  of 
their  nomination  in  the  fame,  that  very 
year:  but  at  prefcnt  all  ihe  governors  are 
appointed  by  the  king  of  France,  who 
claims  the  propriety  of  Martinico,  and  all 
other  French  Catibbee  iflands,  where  he  has 
ereded  forts,  and  keeps  good  garifons, 
and  they  yield  him  a  large  annual  income 
by  the  tolls  and  cuftoms  'mpored  on  all 
goods  of  their  produil  and  manufii^lure. 
2  Lvcry 


Choice  0 
Jlives, 


'i-ic 


the  Caribbee  IJlands, 


ly.whicli 
acco  and 
ridancc  ot 
irans ,  or 
jlentcd  in 
Ti,  as  tie-  Pi- ATE 
c  macho-  191 20. 


'ta  apples, 
e  are  alfo 
ong  them 

the  cut,  Plate 
le  former  16. 
d  a  man  Fowl. 
md  large 

its  name 
from  one 

which  is 
nee  looks 
rhe  men 
jes  out  at 
now  when 
:  paHle  en 
ore. 

lurricanes 
il  rendez- 
France,  as 
1  the  reft, 
ice  to  the 


(^49 


Every  (hip  that  loads  there  being  obliged 
to  give  fufficicnt  fecurity  to  the  king's  a- 
gent  tiiere,  under  a  great  penalty,  that  flie 
will  deliver  the  faid  ladmg  at  no  other 
ports  in  Europe  but  thofe  of  France  ;  and 
upon  a  due  certificate  returned  from  thence, 
that  it  was  performed  accordingly,  the 
bonds  are  cancelled,  and  the  fecurities  dif- 
charged  •,  and  the  fubjedts  of  France  and  of 
thefe  iflands  are  allowed  to  employ  any 
foreign  bottom,  efpecially  fince  the  laft 
war,  Swedes,  Danes  or  Dutch,  for  their 
commerce  too  and  fro,  which  faves  abun- 
dance of  men  to  the  French  nation,  that 
are  otherwife  employed  by  the  govern- 
ment. And  it  were  to  be  wifli'd  our  adl 
of  parliament  in  England,  for  encourage- 
ment of  Ihipping  and  navigation,  which 
perhaps  was  neceflhry  at  the  time  it  was 
paflld,  had  been  long  ago  repealed,  ac- 
cording to  the  opinion  of  ibme  able  mer- 
chants of  Great  Britain,  which  they  prove 
would  have  fpared  many  thoufands  of  our 
Englijhmen's  lives,  during  this  prefent  long 
and  txpenfive  war,  to  carry  on  our  trade  to 
the  Eaft  and  H^eft  Indies,  which  takes  up 
the  belt  of  our  mariners  employed  in  thofe 
long  and  hazardous  voyages;  one  third 
part,  if  not  more,  never  returns  home, 
either  by  dcfertion  or  mortality,  whilft  our 
fleets  are  often  at  a  ftand,  for  want  of  hands 
enough  to  fit  them  out  timely  on  emergent 
occafions.  Befidc  that  it  ruins  abundance 
of  private  adventurers  and  merchants,  who 
to  get  men  enough  to  ferve  in  their  vef- 
fels,  are  obliged  to  allow  indifferent  failors 
very  cxtrav.igant  wages,  which  has  un- 
done feveral  good  merchants  in  progrefs  of 
time,  when  voyages  have  j)roved  long  and 
tedious  through  any  unforefeen  accidents, 
and  thci-  goods  come  to  a  bad  market. 

It  will  not  be  amifs  in  this  place  to  give 
fomeaccountof  Jie  behaviour  of  the  French 
towards  their  Haves  in  the  Caribbee  iflands, 
to  illultrate  what  I  have  before  faid  in  the 
defcription  ot  Guinea,  of  the  p.irticular 
care  that  nation  takes  of  their  fpiritual  as 
well  as  temporal  welfare,  and  at  the  fame 
time  to  make  out  what  I  faid  in  the  fame 
place  of  the  negledt  of  Proteftants  in  that 
rcfpedt. 

Choice  of  -^^  ^"°"  '"  '''^  ^^^^  ih\^%  arrive  at  the 
fljves.  French  ifl.mds,  tiie  planters  and  other  in- 
habitants flock  aboard  to  buy  as  many  as 
they  have  occafion  for.  The  price  being 
agreed  on,  they  fearch  every  (lave  limb  by 
limb,  to  fee  whether  they  are  (bund  and 
(trong,  and  it  is  diverting  enough  to  fee 
the  examining  even  of  tliofe  parts  which 
arc  not  to  be  named.  This  done,  every 
buyer  carries  away  his  own  (laves,  and 
immediately  provides  for  their  nourirtiment, 
cloatiung  and  health,  which  is  done  with 
extraordinary  care.     I'hc  new  (laves  fel- 

VOL.V. 


dom  mining  in   their  matter's  houfes  of  Hihrera 
meeting  with  fome  others,  who  are  of  their  V-OP^ 
own  country  and  language}    thofe  have 
commonly  a  particular  charge  given  them 
to  look   after  their  new  fellow-fervanis. 
Next  the  Jefitits,  who  apply  themfelves  to  Care  of 
the  convcrfion  of  thofe  poor  wretches,  make  '"cir  con- 
ufe  of  the  old  (laves  to  infufe  the  prin-  ^"'i"" 
ciples  of  Chriftianity  into  the  minds  of  the 
new  ones.     This  is  not  done  without  much 
labour  and  difficulty,  in  which  they  are  fo 
zealous,  that  fome  of  them  often  fuffer  in 
their  own  health,  through  the  pains  they 
take  in  that  pious  work. 

When  thefe  poor  people  have  been  often 
inftrudled,  by  the  means  of  interpreters, 
they  are  baptifed  with  much  folemnity,  and 
foon  after  their  matters  take  care  to  marry  Of  marry, 
them  to  their  minds,  giving  them  their  ""g  ''n-ui' 
choice,  either  at  home  or  aboard  the  fliips 
that  come  in  ;  and  in  this  laft  cafe,  the  maf- 
ter  buys  the  woman  his  man  flave  likes 
beft,  allowing  them  full  liberty  to  match 
to  their  own  liking  j  infomuch,  that  it  is 
an  eftablifhed  law  in  the  French  iflands, 
that  when  one  perfon's  male  ll.-ive  has  a 
mind  to  marry  another  inhabitant's  woman 
flave,  and  (he  approves  of  it,  one  of  the 
two  owners  is  obliged  to  difpofe  of  his 
flave  to  the  other,  by  fale,  exchange,  or 
otherwife,  that  they  may  cohabit  in  the 
fame  houfe. 

This  care  of  marrying  and  fettling  them 
together  in  a  family,  allowing  them  fome 
little  parcels  of  ground  to  till  and  make 
gardens,  endears  them  to  their  matters,  and 
makes  them  add  to  their  ordinary  labour, 
and  to  produce  many  things  of  ufe  to  the 
inhabitants  in  general,  and  to  themfelves 
in  particular,  to  add  to  the  conveniency  of 
life  and  cloathing.  Thus  we  fee  among 
the  planters  and  maftersof  fugnr-mills,  two 
or  three  generations  of  families  of  flaves, 
who  are  very  fond  of  one  another,  ob- 
ferving  as  much  paternal  afTedion  and  filial 
duty  as  any  among  us;  and  living  as  con- 
tentedly in  their  bondage,  as  the  peafants 
in  Europe.  The  mafters,  on  their  part, 
are  very  careful  not  to  fcparate  thole  fa- 
milies, and  to  allow  the  parents  the  fatis- 
faftion  of  educating  their  children. 

It  is  pleafant  tc  fee  their  little  huts,  or 
cottages  ftanding  about  their  mailer's  fu- 
gar  works,  like  little  villages,  each  cabbin 
feparated  from  another  by  a  little  garden  Oovern- 
bcionging  to  it  and  appropriated  to  the  ment. 
ufe  of  the  flaves  inhabiting  it.  Thel'e  vil- 
lages are  under  the  infpedtion  of  a  French 
overfecr,  called  there  Commandeur  des  Ne- 
rres,  or  Commander  of  the  Blacks,  who 
IS  to  take  care  they  obl'erve  good  order  a- 
mong  themfelves,  to  let  them  to  work  as 
the  matter  has  occafion,  and  tochaftife  thofe 
(hat  are  faulty )  the  punifhment  being  more 
8  C  or 


•I.'.  '1 


Ki  - 


■I: 


mm 


':fj'i 


6^6 


A  hriej  Dejcripiion  df 


\k ' '  • 


Good 
uf.ge. 


HtR»ERA  or  Icfs,  according  to  the  offence,  but  al- 
^'^'^^'^  ways  feverc,  they  being  naturally  difor- 
derly  and  nothful.  The  grc.itert  punifli- 
mcnc  I  once  faw  inflirtcd  on  a  (lave,  who 
liad  feveral  times  run  away  from  his  maf- 
ter's  houfe,  was  cliopping  off  both  his 
feet  on  a  block  in  the  publick  market- 
place at  la  Bajfeteyre  of  Guddalupe. 

The  Jefuits  do  not  only  apply  thcmfelves 
to  convert  the  new  comers ;  but  go  daily 
Inftrufti-   '"to  the  gardens  and  grounds,  where  they 
on.  are  at  work,  and  having  procured  half  an 

hour's  relaxation  from  their  labour, 
catechife  them,  enquire  into  their  wants 
and  intercede  with  their  mafters  to  grant 
them  what  is  moft  neceflary.  They  alio 
take  care  on  fundays  and  holy  days  to 
afll-mble  them  in  publick  places,  where 
they  keep  their  little  markets,  that  they 
may  hear  mafs,  which  is  celebrated  on 
purpofe,  and  therefore  at  Aiar'inko  called 
la  Mfffc  des  Negres^  O"-  the  Mafs  of  the 
Blacks.  In  tiie  afterni  ;  i  they  are  again 
obliged  to  come  to  be  inftrucTied,  and  no- 
thing is  omitted  that  may  confirm  theni  in 
the  belief  and  exercife  of  religion. 

In  fliort,  it  is  impolTible  to  exprefs  the 
joy  and  fatistaftion  thole  poor  Haves  con- 
ceive to  fee  themfelves  fomewhat  tolerably 
drefled  on  fundays  and  feftivals,  aflilting 
at  the  lame  mafs  with  their  mailers,  equal- 
ly well  treated  by  the  priells,  when  they 
go  to  confeffion,  admitted  without  diftinc- 
tion  to  communion,  Ko  fee  their  fellow 
flavcs,  when  they  die,  decently  buried, 
and  in  fine,  to  perceive  diat  religion  makes 
no  difterence  between  them  and  their  maf- 
ters, which  the  Jefuits  make  good  ufe  of 
to  work  upon  their  heavy  capacities,  info- 
much,  tl.u  it  is  not  pofllble  to  exprcfs 
more  zeal  for  the  precepts  and  ceremonies 
of  religion  than  thofc  flaves  generally  do, 
and  they  value  thcmfelves  much  more  ;i- 
mong  the  French  than  thofe  do  who  live 
among  the  Dutch  and  Englijh  ;  the  former 
admitting  them  inditferently  with  them- 
felves to  communion  «nd  all  other  fervice 
of  the  church,  and  the  latter  excluding 
them  from  the  religious  equ'.iity,  whici) 
keeps  them  always  dejeded  and  brutal. 
This  may  be  f''d  to  be  the  reafon  there 
never  happens  any  fuch  defertion  of  flaves 
from  the  Frncb  illands,  as  we  have  often 
heard  among  the  Englijh,  efpccially  at  Bar- 
bndoes,  as  was  mentioned  in  the  defcription 
of  that  illand. 

To  conclude  with  Alartiiiiio,  I  liiink 
proper  to  warn  travellers  to  be  very  cauti- 
ous of  eating  two  fortsoffifh,  at  this  or  any 
other  of  tiie  Carihbee  illands,  viz.  The  cat- 
P.iifonous  jjjjj^  above  fpoken  of,  and  that  which  the 
trench  commonly  <.j.\\bequcHt\  Thele  two 
forts  before  they  come  to  be  well  known, 
did  much  harm,  lucii  as  did  cat  them  bc- 


(iHi, 


ing  generally  affliifled  with  painful  fwelling, 
or  clfc  feized  with  vomiting  and  racking 
colicks,  fuppofed  to  proceed  from  thole 
fillies  feeding  on  the  poifonous  manzanHla 
apples,  which  fall  into  the  fea,  as  has  been 
hinted  before.  It  has  been  alio  found  by 
experience  of  late  years,  that  the  teeth  of 
thofe  filhes  which  have  fed  on  the  manza- 
milas  are  black,  and  therefore  they  always 
look  into  their  mouths  and  I'uch  arc  always 
thrown  away ;  but  thofe  whofc  teeth  arc 
white  are  eaten,  as  not  being  infedkd  with 
that  poiibn,  and  very  good  food.  The 
wood  of  the  tnanzanilla  tree  is  proper  to 
make  tables,  chairs  and  other  houfliold 
goods. 

The  large  and  delicious  oranges  this  if-  Onngej. 
land  produces,  in  great  plenty,  deferve  to 
be  taken  notice  of.  Moll  of  them  grow 
between  the  town  of  St.  Peter  and  the  Kill 
called  la  Montagne,  the  road  to  it,  afcend- 
ing  for  three  miles,  being  all  along  fct  on 
both  fides  very  thick  with  thofe  fine  orange 
trees,  intermixed  with  lemon  trees,  grow- 
ing wild,  ah  ays  green  the  whole  year  a- 
bour,  with  the  blofibm  and  buih  green 
and  ripe  fruit  hanging  at  the  fame  time. 
The  curious  green  of  tlie  leaves,  the  milk 
white  leaves  and  the  lively  red  of  infinite 
numbers  of  oranges ,  make  a  deli!j;htful 
mixture  to  the  eye,  and  the  fragrancy  of 
the  bloffoms  perfuming  the  air  ravilhes  the 
fcent,  in  riding  along  that  fhady  lane,  ef- 
pecially  in  the  morning  early  before  the 
heat  of  the  fun  comes  upon  it.  The  horfes 
often  tread  on  thofe  excellent  oranges, 
which  fdl  from  the  trees. 

Another  diverting  objedt  is  the  vafl 
number  of  thofe  very  little  birds,  by  the 
French  called  colibris,  but  by  the  Englijh 
/)«;«»h';;^  birds,  flying  about  from  tree  to  Humminj 
tree.  They  have  a  charming  fine  plumage,  '^"'''• 
and  are  thought  to  feed  on  the  dew  that 
lies  on  the  orange  and  lemon  flowers.  An- 
other opinion  concerning  them  is,  that 
they  fix  themfelves  on  the  boughs  about 
Oulober  and  there  fleep  witliout  waking 
till  yipril  following,  which  I  cannot  aflt-rt. 
The  common  iortot  women  and  girls  hang 
them  in  their  ears  for  pendants, 

Dominica. 

Another  of  the  Caribbee  iflands,  is  eigiit 
leagues  diltant  from  Martinico,  between 
point  and  point.  Columbus  ^^wc  it  tiie  name 
becauli;  he  dilcovered  it  on  a  funday.  It 
lies  in  15  degrees  40  min.  north  Litituile, 
N.  by  W.  and  N.  N.  W .  from  j\Jcirt:niio  and 
has  Ouddalupe  N.  by  W.  of  it.  '1  he  whole 
compals  of  it  is  about  eighteen  or  twenry 
leagues ,  and  in  it  are  very  large  high 
mountains,  wliicli  occalion  tiie  great  calms 
fhips  fretjuently  meet  wiih  under  ir,  thofe 

II, at 


tht  C^ribbee  JJlartds. 


<55t 


/elling, 
acking 
1  tlioli: 
izanHla 
AS  been 
jnd  by 
;ceth  of 
maiiza- 

always 

always 
L'th  arc 
sd  with 
.  The 
jper  to 
oiiOiold 

this  if-  Orans«3. 
ferve  to 
n  grow 
the  hill 
alcend- 
;  ftt  on 

orange 
grow- 

year  a- 
i  green 
iC  time, 
he  milk 

infinite 
iightful 
ancy  of 
lilts  the 
ane,  ef- 
bre  the 
:  horfes 
irangcs, 

le  vaft 
by  the 
Englijh 

tree   to  Hummin2 
umagc,  ^'"''• 
:w  that 

.  An- 
thac 

about 
waking 

afitrt. 

s  hang 


is  eight 
ictween 
e  name 
ly.  It 
ititude, 
'/('(oand 
.'  whole 
twenty 

high 
c  calms 
,  tholtJ 

liijt 


that  ply  to  the  northward  iflandsbein^^ 
liged  to  coalt  as  near  the  fhore  as  con*,    li 
cntly  may  be,  to  prevent  a  more  tedu 
paflage,  if  carried  out  to  lea  by  tiie  N.  K 
winds  which  generally  blow  there. 

This  ifland  is  inhabited  by  none  but  na- 
tive favages  or  Indians,  and  it  was  afligned 
them,  together  with  St.  Vincent  and  Behia., 
to  retire  to  from  the  other  Caribbee  iflands, 
in  1660.  It  has  not  much  ground  proper 
for  plantations,  but  a  great  bay  in  the 
weftern  part  of  it ,  affords  a  good  fafe 
road. 

The  Indians  inhabiting  this  ifland  con- 
ftantly  trade  with  the  French,  Martinico 
and  Guadalupe,  where  I  have  feen  many 
piraguas  full  of  them,  and  they  have  lb 
great  a  kindnefs  for  the  French,  that  when 
they  are  at  war  with  the  Englijh,  thole  la- 
vages will  kill  and  eat  the  latter,  becaul'e 
they  are  enemies  to  their  good  friends  the 
French,  who  cannot  prevail  with  them  to 
give  the  others  quarter. 

The  Jefiiits,  and  other  religious  men 
fettled  in  the  French  iflands,  do  from  time 
to  time  go  over  to  thofe  Indian  iflands,  to 
inftrutt  thofe  people  in  the  principles  of 
Chriftianity,  waich  they  hear  with  great 
attention,  but  do  not  profit  much,  being 
naturally  tenacious  of  their  ancient  fuper- 
llition. 

Th'^ir  language  is  the  fame  as  that  of 
the  Galibis  in  Guiana,  whence  it  is  believed 
thefc  iflands  were  firft  peopled,  and  there- 
fore it  will  be  ncedlefs  to  fay  any  thing  of 
their  manners,  wars,  i^c.  being  much  the 
fame,  as  defcribed  in  fpeaking  of  thofe 
people  in  Guiana.  But  thefe  natives  of 
Dominica  are  reputed  the  moil  warlike  of 
any  of  the  Caribbee  iflands. 

The  land  crabs  of  Dominica  are  much 
eflieemed  in  the  French  iflands  for  their 
fweetnefs  and  excellent  meat,  and  there  is 
great  plenty  of  them  about  all  the  woods, 
which  cover  the  greatefl:  part  of  the  ifland. 
The  natives  carry  abundance  of  them  to 
market  in  the  neighbouring  French  iflands, 
and  fell  them  cheap  enough,  for  feveral  toys 
of  very  fmall  value,  as  they  do  alfo  ana- 
nas, figs,  parrots  and  monkeys.  The  ana- 
nas there  are  elleemed  the  bell  of  all  the 
iflands. 

Los  Santos,  by  the  French  Les 
Saimtes: 

• 

That  is  the  Saints,  are  feveral  little  ifl.-ids 
lying  five  leagues  north  of  Dominica,  and 
three  leagues  Ibuth  of  Guadalupe,  to  whofe 
government  they  are  iubjedl.  They  are 
no  way  confiderable,  on  any  other  ac- 
count than  that  they  form  by  their  fltu- 
ition  an  indifferent  good  harbour,  to  Ibelter 
ftiips  in  bad  weather,  fome  of  the  largell 


being  inhabited  by  a  few  poor  people,  Hhirlr* 
fifliermen  and  mariners,  but  their  produft  Vi'''VN./ 
's  inconfiderable.  Thefe  iflands  have  been 
...mous  fince  the  remarkable  expedition 
of  M.  du  Lion  their  governor,  in  /%«/.' 
1 666,  who  after  feveral  attacks  made  -jou 
Englijlj  foldiers  and  officers  prifoners  there, 
as  has  been  mentioned  before. 

M  A  R  I  G  A  I,  A  N  T  K 

Had  its  name  from  the  fliip  Coliimh<^ 
was  in,  when  he  difcovered  it,  at  his  fe- 
cond  voyage  to  America.  It  lies  in  16 
degrees  20  minutes  of  north  latitude,  N. 
N.  E.  and  N.  PI.  by  N.  of  Dominica,  and 
E.  of  Guadalupe,  has  no  mountains,  but 
raifes  itfelf  in  a  heap  in  the  middle,  and 
thence  defcends  every  way  towards  the  fea, 
which  makes  it  look  at  a  diftance  like  a 
flat. 

There  are  few  fprings  und  brooks,  but 
many  flanding  pools  of  frelh  water,  which 
are  of  great  ui'e  to  the  inhabitants.  The 
foil  is  good,  efpecially  for  fugar  canes, 
which  i^  the  reafon  the  number  of  inha- 
bitants daily  increafes ;  but  it  has  no  man- 
ner of  port,  fo  that  the  fliips  trading  there 
ride  in  open  roads.  The  whole  compals 
of  it  is  about  18  leagues,  the  diftance 
from  Dominica  8,  and  from  Guadalupe  6 
or  7.  The  Fr^^nch  have  had  it  ever  fmce 
the  year  1648.  Jacob  Binks,  admiral  of 
Zealand,  took  it  from  them  on  the  firfl: 
of  June  1677,  but  the  French  foon  reco- 
vered it,  and  have  fince  erefted  a  fort  there 
for  its  fccurity.  The  colony,  which  is  in- 
differently large,  is  under  a  French  gover- 
nor. The  late  marques  de  Maintenon, 
mentioned  by  me  in  the  defcription  of 
Martinico,  was  one  governor  of  it.  The 
Carmelite  friars  attend  the  fpiritual  func- 
tions. 

La  Desseada 

Is  another  French  ifland  and  colony, 
6  leagues  eafl:  of  Guadalupe,  tho'  not  very 
large,  fertile  and  well  cultivated  by  the 
French  inhabitants,  producing  fugar  and 
all  foi"'';  of  American  fruits.  Chrijlopher 
Columbus  gave  this  ifland  the  name  of  la 
Dfffeafa,  or  the  Dcfirtd,  or  wifh'd  for, 
at  his  fecond  voyage,  it  being  the  firll  ot 
thofe  iflands  he  difcovered. 


Guadalupe 

Is  a  French  ifland  in  16  degrees  10  mi- 
nutes north  latitude,  and  315  deg.  lo  mi- 
nutes longitude,  about  70  leagues  in  com- 
pals, is  divided  into  two  illands,  almoll 
of  an  equal  bignefs,  by  a  channel,  or 
fmall  arm  of  the  fea,  called  The  San  Ri- 
ver, 


li., 


ill. 


6$  2 


A  brief  Dejcription  of 


Herrera  ver,  which  overflows  an  ifthmus  of  about 
^•''VN^  5  leagues  in  lenj^th,  from  enfi  to  end,  (b 
that  bariis  may  pafs  up,  when  thq  tide  is 
in. 

The  grcatcft  of  rhrfc  two  parts  of  the 
illand  is  that  which  the  French  call  la  Grande 
Terre,  being  about  50  leagues  in  compafs. 
This  is  the  true  Guadalupe,  fo  named  by 
the  Spaniards.,  when  they  difcovered  it,  be- 
caufe  its  mountains  refembic  thofe  of  Our 
Lady  of  Guadalupe.,  in  the  province  of  Ef- 
Iremadura  in  Spain.  Itn  Indian  name  is 
K.irukera,  or  Carucueira.  Tlie  French  cor- 
rupting the  Spanijh  name  call  it  Guarde- 
loupe. 

Whether  the  French  have  fountl  tlie  foil 
barren,  or  for  what  other  rcafon  I  know 
not,  but  it  is  thinly  inhabited,  there  being 
Icarcc  an  hundred  fan.ilics  in  it.  Molt 
of  ir  is  taken  up  witii  liigh  inaccelTible 
mountains,  excepting  only  on  tiie  fide  of 
Cabejlerre,  befides  tiiat  it  wants  frclh  wa- 
ter. 

The  other  part  of  the  ifland,  which  lies 
to  the  S.  W.  is  about  40  leagues  in  com- 
pafs, and  fubdivided  into  two  parts,  or  ter- 
ritories. The  middle  is  taken  up  with 
high  mountains,  on  fone  of  which  are 
boiling  hot  fprings,  and  wholefome  mine- 
ral waters.  Among  the  other  mountains 
Burning  js  one  called  la  Souffrere,  or  the  Sulphureous, 
mountain.  ^^^^^^    ^^^^    ^^^    ^^^^^^  f^Q,.^  fomctimes 

mixed  with  flames,  at  the  mouth  or  open- 
ing there  is  on  the  top.  The  Blacks  ga- 
ther fome  fmall  quantity  of  brimftone 
thereabouts,  which  they  f'll  for  a  fmall 
matter  to  fiilors,  but  it  is  very  foul  and 
full  of  drofs,  which  were  eafily  remedied, 
if  they  knew  how  to  refine  it. 

The  foil  J  fertile  in  fugar,  which  is  bet- 
ter than  that  at  Martiiiico,  but  not  fo  fine 
ns  that  of  St.  Chrijlopher,  alio  roccou,  or 
nnoito,  tobacco,  indigo,  yuca,  cotton, 
cafTia,  cacao.  Fruit  and  fowl  are  very 
plentiful,  efpccialiy  turkeys,  much  cheaper 
than  at  any  other  of  the  Carihbee  iflands. 
There  is  a  fort  of  birds  about  the  ful- 
pluireous  mountain,  which  they  call  dia- 
tclins,  very  large  ana  as  good  as  chickens. 
They  live  altogether  upon  fifli  and  fetch 
them  up  out  of  their  craw  to  feed  their 
young.  The  Blacks  commonly  catch  them, 
but  are  thcmdlves  fometimes  fo  pierced 
by  the  (liarp  cold  air  of  that  mountain, 
that  they  languilh  and  have  much  difficul- 
ty to  I'urniount  it. 

In  tlie  t'.vo  Cul  de  fais,  or  inlets  of  the 
fca,  which  feparate  la  Grande  Terre  from 
the  other  part  of  the  ifland  more  pecu- 
liarly cAkd  Guadalupe,  they  take  tortoiles, 
manatich  and  all  ibrts of  ccinmon  fifli. 

The  town,  called  la  Baffeterre,  lies  on 
the  well  fide  of  this  part  of  Guadalupe, 
where  we  ufually  come  to  an  anchor,  tho' 
I 


town. 


the  ground  is  very  rocky,  and  it  is  a  very 
indifferent  open  road  for  fliips,  which  ride 
there  about  a  mufket  flnoc  from  the  beach, 
or  little  more.  It  is  the  mofl:  conliderable 
town  of  the  ifland,  pretty  large,  ieated  on 
a  rifing  ground  and  along  the  reach,  fomc- 
what  ftraggling,  leaving  a  large  place  r>f 
arms  in  the  middle,  at  the  eaft:  end  whereof 
ftands  the  governor's  houfe.  The  houfej, 
which  as  has  been  fiid  Hand  fcattering,  are 
mod  built  of  fl.one,  only  fome  tew  of  lim- 
ber. At  the  north  end  of  the  town  is  a 
large  fugar-bakc- houfe,  all  of  (ree  Hone, 
where  much  work  was  done,  when  I  was 
there,  and  near  it  runs  a  fmall  river  athwart 
the  town,  coming  down  from  the  fulphu- 
reous  cavity  above  fpoken  of  About  the 
middle  is  a  battery  of  eight  pieces  of  can- 
non, which  commands  all  the  road,  and 
is  called  the  Iron  Gate.  At  the  fouth  end 
of  the  town,  on  the  bank  of  a  rapid 
torrent,  ftands  a  little  fort,  mounted  with 
eight  [>icces  of  cannon  and  lined  with  good, 
(lone  work.  There  are  chapels  oijefuits, 
Dominicans,  and  Carmelites,  befides  two  or 
three  parifh  churches  ferved  by  the  fccular 
clergy.  The  Jcfuits  and  Dominicans  have: 
confiderable  (ettlements.  There  are  alfo 
fome  Irijh  families  about  la  Baffeterre, 
and  elfewhere  in  the  ifland. 

The  other  town  of  Guadalupe  is  called 
leBailly,  Handing  two  or  three  Engliji  miles 
from  la  Baffeterre,  where  in  my  time  was 
a  fiigar-bakc-houfe.  This  town  is  incon- 
fiderable,  as  having  no  great  number  of 
houfes,  but  there  is  a  chapel  at  fome  dif- 
tance  for  the  private  ufe  of  a  confidera- 
ble planter,  and  the  landing  place  is  pretty 
eafy,  being  a  fmooth  flat  gravelly  grountf, 
not  of  large  black  jx;bbles,  as  is  ufual  at 
moft  places  where  the  wind  perpetually 
beats  upon  the  fliore  ;  the  feu  rowling  up 
thofe  ftones,  and  at  fuch  places  it  is  dif- 
ficult to  land  without  being  wet,  and  much 
fugar  is  damaged  or  loft  in  fliipping  oft-', 
which  often  ret.ards  the  difpatch  of  trading 
fliips. 

The  Engliffj  made  a  defcent  .it  la  Baffe- 
terre, in  i6gi,  burnt  the  town,  deftroy'd 
the  battery  that  fl-ood  in  the  middle  of 
it,  and  only  the  fort  befbrementioned  was 
made  good  by  the  inhabitants,  till  Mr. 
D'  Uragny ,  then  general  of  the  iflands , 
canVw  with  three  or  four  men  of  war  .and 
fome  merchant  fliips,  fitted  up  in  hade  to 
raifc  thafiege:  when  the  Kiigiljh  reimbark- 
ed  with  precipitation ;  leaving  near  200  of 
their  men  in  the  woods,  to  the  mercy  ot 
the  French. 

Thf  inhabitants  of  the  fide  of  Guadalupe 
have  the  advantage,  on  occafion  of  an  iii- 
vafion,  from  enemies,  to  fecure  their  beft 
goods,  furii>ure,  cattle  and  even  their  per- 
lons  in  the  mountains,   where  amon;?;  the 

woods 


•  1  A 

the  Caribbee  Ijlmicls. 


Hi 


woods  they  have  prepared  a  fufficient  quan- 
tity of  clear  ground  to  rubflft  for  a  tm»e: 
the  avenues  of  which  on  all  fides  are  fo 
well  fccured  by  the  thicknefs  of  the  wood 
and  the  many  trees  lying  ready  cut  to  fill 
it  up,  that  it  is  inaccefiible,  much  in  the 
fame  nnnner  as  it  was  formerly  praftifed 
at  Saiilii  Cruz,  as  I  fliall  hereafter  obferve. 

There  is  a  little  Cul  de  Sac,  or  inlet 
which  affords  a  pretty  fafe  harbour,  in  the 
worft  weather,  to  (hips  retiring  into  it. 

I  have  taken  notice  before  that  the  ifland 
is  fubjeft  to  frequent  hurricanes,  and  that 
about  the  year  1656,  it  felt  three  of  thofe 
raging  tempcfts,  in  the  fpaceof  15  months, 
the  iall  of  which  was  extraordinary  as  was 
there  particularly  mentioned  •,  however  the 
air  at  Guadalupe  is  far  lefs  unwholefome, 
than  at  Martiiiico :  the  inhabitants  whereof 
fend  their  fick  people  thither  for  change 
of  air,  and  many  foon  find  benefit  by  it. 
The  country  all  round  the  town  is  grubbed 
up  and  open,  in  the  Ihape  of  an  amphi- 
theatre from  the  foot  of  the  hills  down  to 
the  beach,  and  contains  fevcral  good  plan- 
tations of  •"ugar  and  other  private  houfes  •, 
a  frelh  breeze  blowing  all  day  till  fun  fet. 
Filh,  fouls,  poultry  and  fruits  of  the  cli- 
mate are  much  cheaper  there  than  at  any 
of  the  French  idands,  as  being  very  plen- 
tiful, and  confequently  the  inhabitants  live 
more  comfortably,  there  being  feveral  plan- 
ters who  keep  very  good  houfes ;  and  I 
may  freely  fay  the  late  Chevalier  Hinfelin's 
table  was  as  plentiful  and  fumptuous,  as 
any  nobleman's  ubk  in  England ;  having 
always  twelve  coverts  and  three  courfes, 
each  of  three  and  fometimes  four  diflies, 
and  as  good  and  nice  a  cook  as  can  be 
imagined.  The  publick  eating  houfes,  are 
alfo  very  well  ferved ;  and  good  chear  at 
half  a  crown  a  day,  dinner  and  fupper 
with  good  claret. 

This  ifland  with  Marigalante,  the  Def- 
feada  and  Saintes,  were  fold  for  61500 
livrcs,  to  a  private  perfon,  by  the  direftors 
of  the  firft  American  company,  with  the 
king  of  France's  app'-hation.  One  of  the 
direftors,  who  w?.->  b.x  ".her-in-law  to  the 
purchafer  of  thefe  iilands,  went  half  in 
that  purchafe;  but  the  former  happening 
to  die,  and  the  latter  being  at  variince 
with  the  nephews  of  the  deceafed,  the  king 
of  France  being  informed  of  theif  diffe- 
rences, orileredthc  contrafts  ofacquifition 
to  be  brought  to  the  council,  as  alfo  thofe 
of  all  the  other  purchafers  of  the  iflands 
made  by  the  company,  to  be  reimburfed 
their  money.  The  heirs  of  the  firft  ac- 
quifitor  yielded  up  their  half  (hare  of  Gua- 
dalupe, Marigalante  and  Dijfeada  to  the 
new  company,  for  120000  livres,  which 
were  not  payed  till  the  year  1668.  But 
the  other  having  declined  to  fell  his  half 
Vol.  V. 


fliare  of  Guadalupe,  the  new  company  ne-  Her«i»* 
verthelefs  took  from  him  the  government  *"''V>-^ 
he  had  obtained  of  it,  and  fet  up  a  go- 
vernor of  their  own  in  the  year  1665. 
Formerly  they  had  in  this  ifland  five 
or  fix  fmall  forts,  at  prefent  there  are  but 
three,  and  five  or  fix  churches  and  chapels, 
or  parilhes.  There  are  feveral  good  plan- 
tations about  the  ifland,  which  yield  a 
good  qua.itity  of  fugar,  indigo,  cotton,  tff. 
yearly  ■,  ciiriching  fevcral  of  the  planters, 
who  as  tley  grow  wealthy,  make  remit- 
tances to  Frame;  and  at  laft  retire  thither 
with  their  families,  which  hinders  the  ad- 
vancement of  the  colony,  and  yet  it  is 
pretty  cOnfiderable.  At  the  firft  fettling 
of  it,  which  was  about  the  year  1635, 
the  chief  produft  of  the  country  was  to- 
bacco, and  fometime  after  it  was  much  in- 
creafed,  by  the  breaking  up  of  the  Dutch 
colony  oi  Arrecife  in  Brafd ;  by  whole  affi- 
ftance  they  fell  to  cultivating  of  iugar  canes, 
which  has  turned  to  much  better  account 
than  tobacco  did  before. 

The  Spanijb  hiftories  make  mention  of 
two  Spanijh  miflloners,  who  pafling  to  the 
/"Mifipiww  to  preach  the  go fpel,  were  mar- 
tyred in  Guadalupe  in  1603,  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  fix  others,  who  were  to  have 
gone  to  China  and  Japan,  by  the  way  of 
Acapulio. 

The  woods  are  full  of  fmall  land-crabs, 
as  alfo  of  very  fmall  lizards,  very  trou- 
blefome  to  the  inhabitants,  entring  their 
houfes  in  the  night  time  and  even  into  their 
beds.  I  found  one  night  by  the  moon- 
ftiine  a  crab  ftuck  fall  with  both  claws 
to  my  ftieets,  which  weighed  above  a  pound 
and  a  half.  But  what  is  yet  a  much  greater 
annoyance,  is  an  incredible  multitude  of 
large  ants,  crawling  in  multitudes  about 
the  houfes,  which  obliges  the  inhabitants 
to  contrive  convenient  cupboards  to  pre- 
ferve  their  provifions  from  them.  The 
rats  do  much  mifchjef  to  the  fugar  canes 
and  other  plants,  as  well  in  Martinico 
as  the  other  iflands.  The  fnakes  are  not 
fo  venomous  or  troublefome  as  there. 

The  inhabitants  are  fubfifted  partly  by 
provifions  of  their  own  growth,  and  part- 
ly by  others  from  Europe,  as  at  Martinico : 
uigar,  cotton  and  indigo  being  there,  as 
well  as  in  all  the  other  iflands,  the  ftaple 
commodities  to  deal  with  fliips  by  way  ot 
exchange. 

I  have  before  given  a  fliort  account  of 
the  wreck  of  the  lord  fVilloughby'i  fleet, 
betwixt  Marigalante  and  Saintes,  by  a  fierce 
hurricane,  about  the  beginning  of  Auguft, 
1 666,  after  the  lofs  of  St.  Chriftopher's, 
which  I  fliall  mention  in  another  place.  A 
little  Englijh  ftiip,  having  efcaped  the  fury 
of  that  hurricane,  foon  after  put  into  the 
pore  of  Antigua,  and  informed  lieutenant 
8  D  gencr.4) 


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A  hriij  Defer Iption  oj 


Her»i«a  general  fFtllougbby  of  the  dilaikr  befallen 
'^'W  his  uncle's  fleet,  antl  of  the  four  velTels 
th;it  were  drove  upon  Siiintcs ;  whereupon 
he  reiblved  to  pafs  over  thither  immedi- 
ately, to  reinforce  or  bring  olV  tlie  £«|///?j 
there ;  and  to  hear  farther  concerning  the 
fate  of  tlie  reft  of  the  fleet.  To  this  efl'eft, 
he  fitted  out  fcven  fmall  veflels,  putting 
aboard  them  what  forces  he  could  gather, 
and  imbarked  for  Sainta ;  fleering  his  courfe 
to  the  leeward  of  Guadalupe.  Four  Frcmb 
fliips  that  lay  in  the  road  of  that  ifland, 
fpying  him  off  at  fea,  took  fome  foldiers 
aboard  and  falling  in  witii  that  litde  En- 
gliJJj  fqiiadron  the  next  day  totally  defear-.S 
It:  rak'-'5  four  of  tlie  vcflTels,  widi  2 
men  in  icm  ;  but  lieutenant  general  kF- 
loughhs  li-cing  his  fliips  taken  and  difiaerfcu, 
made  ills  cfcapc  in  a  bark. 

M  O  N  S  E  R  U  A  r  E, 

Is  an  Englijh  ifland,  con  filling  of  one 
very  large  mountain,  and  rel'embling  the 
famous  mountain  of  the  fame  name  in  the 
province  of  Catalonia  in  Spain,  about  a 
league  diftant  from  Manrcfa,  and  nine  from 
Barcelona,  much  rcforied  to  on  account  of 
tlie  tlcvotion  pay'd  to  our  Lady  there,  in 
a  mon^ilery  of  Bciicdicfiiie  monks,  fliand- 
iiig  in  tlie  middle  of  the  mountain:  and 
from  tiiat  refemblance  the  ifland  was  fo 
called. 

It  is  aho'.ir  eight  leagues  in  compals, 
almoft  round,  in  17  degrees  of  north  lati- 
tude, N.  N.  W.  liom  Guad.dupe,  and  dif- 
tant fr'/m  it  eight  or  nine  leagues.  It  is 
oblervablc,  that  inthetradt  of  fea  between 
thofe  two  iflands,  the  current  lets  fwiftly 
to  the  wellward  for  the  molt  p;irt,  only 
lome  odd  days  it  turns  back  to  windward, 
tiie  reafon  fur  which  extraordinary  tnotiona 
I'.o  man  has  Ixen  yet  able  to  find  out. 
'I'his  i'.  ijiie  ot  the  mofl:  extraordinary  things 
to  be  taken  notice  of  about  tliofe  iflands. 

Moiifirrate  has  no  port  or  harbour,  and 
but  a  very  bad  road  tor  fliips ;  nor  does 
ir  afford  any  great  quantity  of  fugar,  or 
other  commodities  tor  trade. 

In  tl:c  year  16O7,  tlie  hrencb  general  de 
l.i  Bane,  with  26  lliips  and  2500  men, 
tool;  this  ifland  and  ranlUckeil  it,  after  a 
vigorous  relillanee  niaile  by  300  inhabi- 
tants. The  French  lent  away  ^00  Englifl), 
fit  to  biararms  tojamaica,  and  permittai 
500  IrijL,  who  were  iicre  and  with  their 
wives  and  children  made  2000  ibuls  to  re- 
main, taking  an  oaili  of  fidelity  totiie  king 
oi  France.  The  general  carried  off  from 
tiienee  lixteen  pieces  of  cannon,  a  great 
number  ot  flaves,  and  abundance  of  liorfes 
and  cattle,  whicli  he  dillributed  among 
his  men.  He  alio  d.ellroyed  about  forty 
fugar  mills  and  houlcs,  and  burnt  fcveial 


warehoufes  fiUL  of  valuable  commoilicici!. 
All  this  was  clone  in  fix  days.  The  French 
had  with  them  Come  Caribbte  Iiuliaw,  widi 
whofe  help  they  drove  fome  hundrtd  F.h- 
lijh  from  iv  very  high  and  almoft  inaecefli- 


le  hill,  which  is  the  Lift  refuge  of  the  peo- 
ple in  all  thofe  ifl.uids,  when  beaten  from 
their  forts  and  intrenchments.  'l"he  Indians 
are  the  propereft  for  fuch  enterpriles,  be- 
ing bred  in  the  'WJods,  and  ufcil  to  climb 
the  mountains  like  wild  beafts. 

The  (outh  e.vft  poiiu  of  Alanfinale  ii  ve- 
ry found  and  deep  all  about,  lo  that  fliips 
may  tail  by  within  piftol  Ihot.  The  fore 
b  on  fh  weft  fide  of  the  ifland.  The  French 
Ian-',  .a  lit'lc  bay  about  a  muflcet  fliot 
•"  windward  of  the  fort.  The  ifland 
..„     I'..',    'cd  to  the  Englijh  by  the  treaty 

'!    !,>i*«i:L   roncludcd  at   Breda,   'Juh  311 

Santa  Maria  Redonda, 

So  named  by  admiral  Columbus,  when  he 
firft  difcovcrcd  it,  in  the  year  1493,  in 
memory  of  the  church  fo  called  at  Rome, 
is  a  little  Englijb  ifland,  lying  N.  N.  W. 
of  Monferratc,  being  only  a  little  round 
mount,  as  it  appeared  to  me  in  failing  by 
it  atadiltance,  and  therefore  Co/rtwiz/j  gave 
it  the  name.  It  is  very  rocky,  overipicid 
with  weeds,  and  therefore  of  no  conlider- 
able  produc'^.  r  or  well  peopled,  and  molt 
of  the  inha'  iiuuits  are  Iri/!j.  It  abounds  in  a 
fort  of  fea  fowl,  by  the  French  called  I'oux, 
that  is  Fools,  becaufe  they  were  formerly  fo 
ftupid  as  to  fuffer  themfelves  to  be  taken 
by  hand,  on  the  yards  and  mafts  of  fliips 
at  fea,  and  fome  of  them  dill  continue  fo 
very  tame,  as  I  have  obferved  in  the  ac- 
count of  the  navigation  from  Guinea  to 
America,  where  the  figure  of  the  bird  is 
annexed. 

N  I  E  V  R  S, 

By  X.\\t  Englijh,  to  whom  it  belongs  cor- 
ruptly called  Fievis,  is  a  great  high  moun- 
tain ot  an  eaty  afcent  every  way;  lb  that 
it  has  all  round  about  three  miles  of  ini- 
pioveable  land,  which  the  inhabitants  in- 
duftrioufly  cultivate  for  lugar  and  other 
American  produftions,  being  very  fertile. 
It  lies  N.  N.  W.  of  Monjcrrate,  about  7 
leagues  diftant,  and  the  fame  number  ot 
leagues  ill  compafs,  but  has  no  other  port 
than  a  good  raul,  on  the  fide  next  67. 
Chrijiopher.  The  colony  was  tirft  Icttled 
there  in  the  year  162!),  Ibme  ot  the  inha- 
bitants being  Irijh.  It  is  in  17  i!rt!,recs 
20  minutes  of  north  latitude,  well  peo- 
pled, and  has  a  good  trade  with  F'iglanJ 
and I'^tw England,  tor  iiigar,  rum,  ginger 
•ind  other  American  commodities,  in  ex- 
change for  which  it  receives  all  Ibris  of 
1  provilions. 


the  Caribbee  Ijluudf, 


<555 


31. 


proviflons,  cloathing  and  ocher  ncceflaries. 
The  fugar  it  affords  is  indittercnt  pood. 
The  coaft  being  eafy  of  acccfs,  it  has 
been  often  inv.ulcd  by  t\vc  French,  and  there- 
fore there  arc  Ibrts  and  batteries  ereftetl  in 
fcvcral  parts,  to  prevent  the  like  attempts. 
In  May,  1666,  the /•;<'«fZ<  having  conquer- 
ed the  Englijh  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Chi'i- 
fiofher,  of  which  I  (hall  fpcaic  in  its  place, 
and  received  a  fupply  of  ammunition  and 
fome  forces,  by  four  large  (hi[)s,  the  French 
company  had  furnirticd  at  Rachel^  and  be- 
ing joined  by  a  little  fquaiiron  of  Zealand, 
under  tiie  command  of  Crdjfen,  they  rc- 
folved  in  a  council  of  war  to   feek  out 
the  fleet  commanded  by  the  lord  fTillotighby, 
which  was  then  before  Nieves,  expeding 
Sir  John  Harmont  with  a  reinforcement  of 
fhips,  and  men  from  England.     To  this 
purpofe  tlicy  laboured  day  and  night  at 
Martinko,  und  having  imbarked  600  men, 
fet  fail   the  15'''  of  the  ai'orefaid  month. 
The  16'''  they  came  to  Guadalupe,  where 
600   men  more  were  put  aboard,   with 
Moh/.  dtt  Lion,  die  governor  and  Chevalier 
ninfelin,  his  lieutenant.     The  18'''  at  night 
they  left  Guadalupe,  being  thirteen  French 
and  four  Zealand  rtiips,  with  two  firefhips. 
The  20'''  at  break  of  day,  this  fleet  being 
between  Rcdoiula  and  Nieves,  fpied  the  En- 
glijh guanl  Ihip,  which  being  an  excellent 
failor,  got  clear  of  them  and  retired  under 
the  fort  of  Nieves,    giving  notice  to  the 
Fight  lie-  Eaglijh  fleet,  by  continual  firing,  of  the  ap- 
proach of  the  I  tench,    who  were  advanc- 
ing to  get  about  tlie  W.  S.  W.  part  of  the 
ifland  anil  found  the  Englijh  Handing  out 
full  fail  from  under  that  jxiint  and  con- 
fifling  of  r;  lliips,   the  admiral  whereof 
carried  52  guns,  the  vice  and  rear  admirals, 
4.8,  the  other  \i  from  28  to  36  and  2 
firediips.     General  de  la  Barre  was  aboard 
the  Lilly  of  40  guns,  as  admiral ;  the  vice 
and  rear  admiral  32  each,  the  otiier  French 
Ihjps  from  18  to  5  2  each ;  bcfides  a  flyboat, 
a  galliot  and  feveral  barks,  l.iden  with  all 
fores  of  proviflons,  to  throw  into  St.  Cbri- 
Jlopher's,  during  die  ingagement,  which  was 
done   accordingly,      riic  French  admiral, 
having  given  the  fignal  of  battle,  the  En- 
glijh made  a  line  from  the  point  of  Nfvis 
weflward,  in  order  to  cut  off  the  paflagc 
to  St.  Chrijlophcr.    I'he  French  formed  their 
line    fhorter    than   their   enemies  to  cut 
through  their  ileet,  and  by  that  means  put 
one  half  to  the  leeward,  betwixt  ,S/.  Cbri- 
y?o/i/j6T's  and  their  own  fccond  divifion.  The 
EngUfi  admiral  made   his  fignals,    after 
which,  part  of  his  fleet  ranged  Nevis  nearer, 
to  keep  the  wind  and  fall  the  eaficr  on  the 
firfl  divifion  of  the  French,  when  ingagcd, 
wliich  obliged  general  de  la  Barre  to  alter 
his  firft  order  of  battle,    to  prevent  the 
enemies  delign ;  and  inlUad  of  failing  up 


twixt  Kii 
filijh  .inJ 
Frtnch. 


direftly  to  them,   he  caulcd  his  fhips  to  Her  m* 
fill,  ranging  as  near  as  he  could  the  Cayes,  ^-^"'C^ 
or  fhoals  ol Nevis,  thus  keeping  the  advan- 
tage of  the  wind.     In  this  manner  the  two 
fleets  ingflged  for   fome  hour-.,    both  ad- 
mirals being  for  a  time  in  great  danger  j 
but  at  length,   the  French  forced  one  of 
the  Englijh  frigats  aground   and  blew  up 
another,  a  fhot  having  Fallen  into  its  pow- 
der   room.     They  both    kept  a    fort  of 
running   fight  far  into  the  bay  of  Nevis, 
continually  cannonading  each  other,    till 
the  Englijfj  tacking  on  a  fudiien,  flood  to 
the  Ibuthward ;  whereas  before  their  heads 
were  to  S.  K.  as  if  they  would   all   have 
run  agrou!  d  under  their  forts,  and  at  the 
Cayes  of   th^  weft  point  of  Nevis.     The 
French  and  Zealanders  tacked  at  the  fame 
time;    but  fearing  to  be  aground,    came 
not  up  (b  near  tlie  fhore  as  the  Englijlj, 
who  ran  into  three  fathom  water  •  ootii 
fleets  endeavouring  to  gain  the  wind,  biit 
flill  within  fhot  of  one  another  1  but  the 
Englijh  being  the  bell  failors,  the  French 
perceiveil  it  was  impofllble  to  get  the  wind 
of  them :  and  therefore  the  night  drawing 
on  they  made  for  the  ifland  of  St.  Cbri- 
Jlepher,  having  gained  their  point,  which 
was  to  fupply  that  ifland  with  men  and 
proviflons:  the  llyboat,  galliot  and  barks 
being  fafely  arrived  there,  and  the  whole 
French  fleet  anchored  at  ten  at  night  in 
St.    Chrippber's  road.     The   figiit  lafted 
from  eight   in   the  morning   till   three  in 
the  afternoon.    Above  600  fhot  were  made 
at  the  French  admiral,  of  which  50  reached 
his  fhip,  which  killed  and  wounded  feve- 
ral men,  not  one  man  being  killed  in  all 
the  reft  of  the  fquadion,  and  only  fixtcea 
wounded.     The  Englijh,   befides  the  two 
fhips  loft,  as  was  laid  above,  owned  they 
had  eighty  men  killed  or  wounded.     The 
French  give  out,  that  had  it  not  been  for 
the  ill  working  of  two  of  tiieir  fhips  at 
the  beginning   of  the   ingagement,    they 
would  certainly  have  gained  the  wind  up- 
on their  enemies,  and  having  rut  off  their 
retreat  towards  Nrcis,  their  fleet  had  been 
quite  deftroyed,  and  Nrjis  taken  witliout 
any  oppofition, 

Antigua. 

This  ifland  was  by  Cbrijlopher  Columbus, 
the  firft  difcovercr,  called  Santa  Maria  la 
Antigua,  in  honour  of  a  church  of  the 
fame  name  in  Sevil;  the  Englijh  to  whom 
it  belongs  calling  it  only  by"  the  laft  word. 
It  is  about  20  leagues  in  compals,  ftretch- 
ingouteafland  weft,  in  i7dcgrees,  20  mi- 
nutes north  latitude,  and  about  10  leagues 
to  the  taftward  of  Nevis-  The  length 
of  it  is  7  leagues,  the  breadth  very  un- 
equal,   the  acccfs  to  it  is  very  ilifiicult, 

becaufc 


'i 


r. 


/■«... 


656 


A  hrief  Description  of 


m 


; 


becaule  of  chc  many  rocks  and  fhoaU  a- 
bout  it,  but  his  leveral  good  harbours  a- 
gainlt  all  weather,  among  which  is  that  of 
St.  John  of  Pope's  Ikud.  The  colony  there 
is  pretty  confuierabl.-,  tho*  much  incom- 
moded by  want  ot  trclh  water,  there  being 
no  fprings,  and  only  two  fmail  rivulets. 
'I'hc  inhabitants  take  care  to  favc  all  the 
rain  wattr  ihcy  can  and  fell  it  to  one  ano- 
ther upon  occafion.  A  fador's  wife  of  that 
ifland  told  mc,  fhc  had  fold  much  rain  wa- 
ter at  nine  pence  the  pail.  They  alfo  ga- 
ther water  in  holes  they  make  in  the  earth, 
or  ponds,  for  the  ull  of  their  cattle.  How- 
ever tlie  ground  is  very  fertile,  divided 
into  plains,  hillocks,  and  fmall  mountains, 
and  producing  abundance  of  inditfcrent 
good  lugar,  indigo,  tobacco,  ginger,  cot- 
ton, and  other  commodities  of  the  produdl: 
of  /Into  tea,  which  afford  them  a  brilk  trade 
with  the  dominions  of  Great- Britain  both 
in  Europe  and  north  America,  efpecially 
with  Bojloii,  from  which  places  it  receives 
in  return  all  forts  of  provifions,  apparel 
and  other  nrceflarics. 

Among  the  inhabitants  arc  feveral  Irijh 
families,  defjended  from  fome  of  thole  the 
iifurper  Oliver  Cromwell  fent  over  from  that 
kingdom  to  the  BritiJIj  colonies,  making 
flaves  of  many  tiioufands  of  thofe  unfortu- 
nate people. 

In  the  year  1666.  the  French  general  de 
tlKFic'iii' la    Barre    invaded   Antigua.       lie  entcr'd 
the  port  of  the  I'evtn  illes  with  his  fquadron, 
IbunJiiig  all  the  way,    and  turn'd  it  up  by 
tlireftion  of  fome  defertcrs,  making  himl'elf 
mailer  of  two  forts,  whereof  that  on  the  left 
hand  had  fix  pieces  of  cannon,  and  the  o- 
tlier  in  the  middle  of  the  harbour  feven,  all 
eight  and  twelve  pounders.      He  anchor'd 
within  piltol  Ihot  of  them,   and  with  his 
cannon  ruin'd  their  batteries,    whereupon 
they  were  abandon'd  by  the  Englijh.     Next 
he  attack'il  a  large  houfe  built  with  free- 
llone,    ll.inding  about  five   miles   up   the 
country,  in  wiiich  colonel  Carding  the  go- 
vernor li.id  intrench'd  himfelf  with  his  gar- 
rifon,    which   made  a  vigorous  refillance, 
but  in  the  end  mod  of  them  fled,  and  the 
governour  and  about  twenty  officers  were 
made  prifoners  of  war.     The  next  day  the 
I'rencb  attaek'd  another  parcel  of  the  En- 
(;.'!/&  at  another  (hong  houfe,  and  after  fome 
oppofitiun  enter'd  the  houfe  by  force,  put- 
ting to  the  fvvord  mod  of  thoie  that  were 
in  it,  only  colonel  ^ejis  and  about  twenty 
five  otlieri  remaining  prifoncrs.  Then  they 
ruin'd  all  the  batteries  and  took  away  the 
guns.      The  whole  ifland  fubmitted  upon 
articles,  one  of  which  imported,  that  where- 
as the  ifland  Barbud.i,  diflant  from  this  ten 
leagues  north  by  eafl,  being  dependent  on 
Auligua,  the  one  half  of  it  fhould  remain  in 
propriety  to  fuch  inhabitants  as  would  take 


Ti!-en  bv 


an  oath  of  fidelity  to  the  king  of  France. 

Antigua  was  reftored  to  the  F.nglijh  by 
the  treaty  of  jxrace  concluded  at  Breda,  the 
3i''»  of  July  i(>tj. 

B  A  R   B  U  D  .\, 

An  Englijh  illand,  as  well  as  Antigua  .iml 
Bartadoes,  lies  fomcwhat  out  of  the  chain 
of  Caribbee  iflands,  about  ten  leagues  north 
by  cafV  from  Antigua,  and  depends  on  its 
government,  being  in  18  degrees  of  north 
latitude.  It  is  flat  and  level,  but  wants 
frefh  water,  and  was  almofl  abandon'd  du- 
ring the  wars  between  the  Englijfjin^\  French 
in  1666.  but  has  been  fincc  peopled  from 
Antigua.  The  accefs  to  it  is  dangerous, 
being  all  befet  with  banks  and  fhoals,  efpe- 
cially on  the  eafl  fide,  which  makes  all  thofc 
avoid  it  who  fail  about  thofe  parts. 

St.  C  H  R  1  S  T  O  P  H  E  R, 

So  caird  by  Chriftopber  Columbus,  the 
firildifcovcrer  of  it,  in  the  year  1493.  from 
his  own  name,  lies  about  three  leagues 
north-weft  from  Nevis,  in  17  degrees  30 
minutes  north  latitude,  and  314  degrees  53 
minutes  longitude  from  the  meridian  of  F^r- 
ro  or  Hierro,  ftrctching  out  from  north- 
weft  to  fouth-eaft  about  nine  leagues  in 
length,  the  breadth  unequal,  but  all  toge- 
ther makes  about  twenty  or  twenty  five 
leagues  in  compafs. 

The  native  Caribbee  Indians  cM'd  it  Lia- 
maiga.  It  has  been  for  many  years  divided 
between  the  French  and  EngliJ}j,  the  for- 
mer pofTcfTing  the  two  ends  of  it,  at  north- 
weft  and  fbuth-eaft,  the  latter  the  middle 
part  between  them,  whereof  only  about  one 
league  in  breadth  and  four  along  the  coaft 
are  inhabited.  This  intermixture  of  quar- 
ters was  occafion'd  by  the  French  and  Erg- 
liJJj  arriving  there  on  the  fame  day,  in  the 
year  1O25.  to  fettle  colonies  of  their  fe- 
veral nations,  as  has  been  mention'd  before. 
The  middle  part  of  the  ifl.ind  is  not  habit.i- 
ble  by  rcalbn  of  the  rteep  mountains,  with 
dreadful  precipices,  feparating  the  otlur 
parts  from  each  other,  and  in  thofe  moun- 
tains are  hot  fprings  and  mines  of  fulphur 
and  alom. 

The  iurmof  the  ifland  is  almoft  oval, 
if  we  take  from  it  tiiat  which  is  there  call'd 
les  falines,  or  the  falt-pits,  being  a  traft 
of  land,  about  a  cannon  lliot  in  breadth, 
and  a  league  and  a  half  in  length,  jutting 
out  towards  Ncvis.  The  oval  part  is  cut 
in  two  in  length  by  the  aforefiid  ridge 
of  high  mountains  of  difficult  accefs, 
taking  up  but  little  ground  in  breadth. 
From  the  fhore  to  the  place  where  thcfe 
mountains  begin  to  be  impaffable  fur  carts, 
the  ground  riles  gently   for  the  fpace  of 

three 


the  Caribbec  Jjlands. 


^57 


thrfc  qiiirters  of  a  league:  in  tlic  bro.iticll, 
.itni  h.ilt  a  league  in  the  narrowcft  pirt. 
That  fpace  is  ciivideil  by  fcvcral  rivulets 
(orm'il  by  iIk"  waters  tallin-^  from  the  moun- 
tains, and  contains  the  ilwcilings  of  tliol'c 
who  have  fettled  on  the  ifland.  The  Frethh, 
as  has  been  faid,  poflTtfs  the  two  points, 
and  the  En^lt/h  the  middle  parts.  The 
French  quarter  ot  tlic  fouth-catt  end  is  cal- 
led /,»  Hnffctirre,  where  is  the  bell  road  •, 
the  othtrat  the  north  north-welt  end  la  Ca- 
tejltrre.  Tlicfe  quarters  have  no  commu- 
nication without  paffmg  through  the  Eng- 
lij}j  quarters,  who  being  under  the  fimc  in- 
conveniency  on  their  (ide,  bccaufe  of  the 
mountains  feparating  them,  have  made  a 
foot  road  over  tiie  hills,  not  paflable  for 
horfemen  without  extraordinary  difficulty 
and  danger. 

The  principal  quarter  of  the  FngUflj, 
call'd  the  good  roiid,  looking  weft  fouth- 
weft,  being  liif  ufual  refuiencc  of  tiie  go- 
vernor and  the  only  anchoring  place  they 
have,  is  alfo  the  place  where  they  generally 
allemble  their  auxilliary  forces  from  the 
other  adjacent  Rngtijh  colonics  in  time  of 
war.  'i'he  river  C.iyonne  parts  the  French 
from  the  F.nglijh  territories  i  the  defcent  of 
it  on  the  French  fide  is  pretty  cafy,  and  the 
afcent  on  the  F.nglijh  fide  more  difficult. 
Bcfides  the  Ctiyonne  laft  mentioned,  the 
moft  conficlcrable  river  in  the  ifland  is  tiiac 
of  Pentccoft,  the  others  fcarce  worth  taking 
notice  of. 

The  air  is  more  temperate  here  than  in 
Martinko  or  (iuadaliipe,  but  the  ground 
not  more  fertile.  At  the  tirft  fettling  it 
yielded  a  good  quantity  of  tobacco  and  gin- 
ger, but  they  have  now  left  off  planting 
tholi:  two  forts,  and  now  employ  all  the 
ground  in  fugar,  mandioca,  potatoes,  and 
other  forts  of  fruit  and  roots  for  the  fupport 
ot  life.  The  lugar  is  better  than  at  Gua- 
dalupe, tho'  that  is  alio  better  than  at  Mar- 
tinko. 

There  are  three  good  ports,  but  the 
ifland  is  much  more  fubjedt  to  hurricanes 
than  tlie  others,  and  they  fometimes  make 
mighty  havock  in  it,  which  does  not  how- 
ever oblhud  its  being  well  peopled  by 
French  and  Englij}.\  Ibnie  of  both  nations 
being  veiy  wen'.thy,  and  living  in  plenty, 
as  do  alfo  the  inferior  fort  of  inhabitants  in 
proportion  to  the  riciier,  there  being  in  the 
iflantl  a  good  number  of  genteel,  fafliion- 
ablc  people,  and  driving  a  confiderable 
trade  to  England,  France,  Ireland,  and 
f'cveral  ports  ot  Neiv- England ,  and  o- 
ther  Englijh  colonies  of  north  America  \ 
which  in  exchange  tor  its  lugars,  indigo,  and 
other  produdl,  tlipply  it  with  all  torts  of 
eatables,  liquors,  eloathing,  l£c.  It  would 
have  been  tar  more  ricii  .uid  beautiful,  had 
it  not  been  fo  often  invaded  and  ranfack'J 

Vol.  V. 


during  the  wars  that  have  happened  fince  it  H«»»»aA 
began  to  make  a  figure,  betwixt  the  two  ^-'^P*^ 
nations  tiiat  poffel's  it  in  common. 

I  will  here  give  the  reailcra  brief  account 
of  the  war  in  tii  it  ill  ukI  between  the  F.nglijh 
and  the  French,  in  the  year  lh^6. 

The  Lord  IVilloughh,  Englijh  general  at  \V.iis  be- 
Blrrbadois,  had  no  fooner  intormaiioii  that  r"':?".'^' 
the  war  was  dcclarVl  between  France  and 


England,  but  forgetting  all  tliougiits  of  //<.. 
neutrality  he  had  tiatter'd  the  Irench  with, 
he  wholly  apply'd  iiimleif  to  ni.ike  all  ad- 
vantages of  tiie  weaknets  they  had  retliic'd 
thcmfelve.  to,  by  too  mm  h  relyin[;  on  his 
word,  and  fuppos'd  it  would  not  be  diffi- 
cult for  liim  to  drive  the  French  out  of  the 
half  of  .SV.  Chri/lopher's  they  polfefsM  joint- 
ly with  his  nation.  He  lent  away  to  colo- 
nel// .///j,  governor  of  the  EngliJ/b  pirt,  to 
be  inform'd  by  him  of  the  It  ite  of  the 
French  and  E;!gliJJj  in  that  ifland,  and  of, 
tiie  number  of  forces  requifite  to  carry  on  . 
his  deligii.  IFatli  being  of  a  covetous  tem- 
per ami  poor,  thought  tliis  an  opportuni- 
ty to  enrich  himl'elt  v.'ith  the  I'poils  of  tiie 
French,  concluded  it  an  cafy  matter  to  fub- 
due  them,  and  tent  word  to  that  lord,  that 
lie  could  never  mit-.  in  this  projeift;,  and  that 
he  had  occafion  for  no  oilier  forces  butwiiat 
he  might  draw  froni  AW'.',  and  St.  Eujla- 
chtui;  wiiich  Lift  had  been  of  late  taken 
from  the  Dutch,  and  wl)tre  ilirec  iiundrccl 
EngliJJj,  moft  of  them  Jhtcd'icer:,  had 
been  planted  ;  and,  that  whillUiis  lonlihip 
l)rovideii  for  his  projecit  he  would  difpofe 
all  things  for  the  execution  and  laccefs  of 
that  enterprir.e. 

As  foon  as  fFalls  had  rcturn'd  tlii;  an- 
fwer  to  the  lord  f'Fillou^U'y,  he  rclblv'j 
himfelf  to  furprize  the  Frciuh  before  his 
general  knt  him  any  forces  from  Barbadues, 
fearing  he  would  employ  tome  otiier  to  ex- 
ecute this  defign,  and  thrreby  deprive  him 
of  the  booty,  with  whicli  he  hoped  to  en- 
rich himfelf.  Following  his  firtt  thouglit, 
he  entertain'd  the  French  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  ChriJlofher,  efpecially  the  commander 
de  Sales  their  governor,  witli  great  hopes  of 
neutrality  ;  wliilft  to  compal.i  his  projefts, 
he  advifed  Rujfel  governor  of  Nevis,  wiiat 
number  of  forces  he  fliould  want  from  tliac 
ifland,  and  lent  word  to  co]()ncl Afurgan,  thea 
commanding  the  ne.v  Englijh  inh.ibicants  in' 
St.  Eujlacbius,  to  hold  himfelf  in  a  rcatiinefs 
to  come  over  to  him  with  his  beft  men. 
He  w.istbmewhat  thwarted  in  the  execution 
of  his  enterprize  which  he  had  coninumi-  ' 
Cited  to  feveral  of  the  chief  of  the  E>;gHJJj, 
tome  of  whom  would  not  confent  to  break 
thus  with  the  French ;  which  obliged  him 
to  write  to  colonel  Remes,  commanding  in 
the  north  quarter  of  the  illand,  '.o  fccure 
thofe  who  fhould  be  againtt  his  defign. 
Whilit  he  was  tluii  contriving  in  67.  Cbri- 
8  E  Jlopbtrh 


Fmuh 


65S 


A  brief  DefcriptioH  of 


II<ni.i 


j}',;l.;i\,  ilic  loril   Ifit.'ouiljh  ciul'i'il  ilu* 


It  :\* 


'"^'^V'^  ilruin  to  he  Ikuiii  in  BanuiJofi,  and  li.iv- 
iiig  clitri'  liiUil  (even or  liglit IniiKlrcU  incn. 
appointnl  liis  nephew  lii'ulcnant  ^cnerjl 
//i7,7v  lt''illouf,bhy,  to  comnianil  in  tlie  cn- 
tcrpri/ri-  of  St.  Cbriflofbcr's,  anil  orilciftl 
vcir-l')  to  be  jj;ot  ready  for  tranlportation. 
At  ilie  fame  umc  the  governors  of  A'a'/J 
anil  St.  Euftachiiiu  purluant  to  their  advice 
from  ll^atti,  had  (hip'd  ofT  and  tint  ilic 
bell  men  ot  their  refjxdivc  iflands  ifito 
that  of  .S'/.  ChrijhphiT. 

'I'he  I'rriub  governor  lU  S,ilc.f  lit  ing  in- 
loimcil  of  ihile    tranfaCkions  of  tlie  Jui- 
gUjfi,  by  a  liciuhinan  who  ii.id  been  at  AV- 
vii  liitne  weeks  belore,  and  ai  qiiainled  liiiu 
he  had  iiiiich  trouble  to  come  out  of  thai 
ifland,  where  \.\k  I'lench  were  already  treat- 
ed as  enemies  i  and  tiiat  thne  was  nootlicr 
dilfourfe,    than  ol  the  pre|\iraiions  made 
to  invade   the   French  qiiarccrs  in  St.  Clri- 
Jhplvr  ;  lor  wiiich  elVert  the  lord  ll'illough- 
h,    tiieir  captain  {;eneral,    made  levies  at 
lhi>liiiJui-<,  took  the  alarm,    and   refolvM 
to  prevent  ihem,  notwitiillanding  thefrcfli 
an'Lnanies//^i;//j  had  lately  given  him  when 
he  lent  him  the  printed  copy  ot  tlie  decla- 
ration ol  war  by  the  king  ot   Eiwland  a- 
gainll  hiiitci;  that  he  was  refolvej  to  ob- 
Jcrve  the  neutrality  fettled  betwixt  the  two 
nations,    as  it  had   been  practilld  during 
Cromwcll\  ufurnation,    when  no   manner 
of  hoililities  had  been  committed  in  thole 
illands  on  cither  fide  ;  the  lord  U'llloiigbby 
himft  If  having  alio  fliewed  a  great  incli- 
nation to  entertain  that  neutrality  in  Ame- 
rlc.i  which  he  had  renewed  with  him,  and 
promis'd  that  whatever  rupture  (luiuld  hap- 
pen  between   l-'rancf  and    EngLiml ,   they 
Jliould  not  make  war  in  that  illand,  with- 
out fnll  having  refpeflively  informed  each 
other  of   the  refolution  they  fliould  take, 
purluant  to  what  fliould  be  tranfaJted  in 
Euro[:c. 

To  this  efted,  de  Sales  having  confer'd 
with  the  Jieur  de  St.  Laurent,  who  was  his 
lieutenant,  he  ordered  about  I'even  hundred 
of  the  befl  forces  of  the  quarter  of  the 
ifland  he  was  in,  to  keep  themfelvcs  in  a 
nadinils-,  and  on  the  kj"'  of  /Ipril  wis 
infi)rmed  that  nine  (loops  had  been  fetn 
pafling  by  in  the  night  loailen  with  foldi- 
ers  from  Nevis  to  St.  Cbrijlojiber's.,  who 
were  landed  there  at  Palm  Jree  point,  one 
of  the  Eiiglijh  quarters  ;  and  immediately 
he  rcri'ived  another  advice,  that  the  day 
before  two  hundred  and  fifty  Liiglijh  lue- 
c.iiiieis,  with  colonel  yVfo/^(i/;  at  the  head 
of  them,  from  the  idand  ot  St.  EjiJImIhus, 
widi  tome  Ibldiers  from  Barbadoes,  were 
alio  .uiived  at  the  Engltftj  quarter  called 
/(<  Grande  Hade. 

De  Sales  being  convinced  by  all  thefe 
preparations  of  the  Ejiglijfj,  that  the  loli 


of  his  idand  was  unavoi.lable,  and  that  he 
hail  no  hopes  ot  fiving  it,  but  by  pre- 
vuiiing  them:  that  he  might  do  wliat  he 
had  ic(i>lved  with  the  more  right  and  ju- 
nice,  he  lent  his  aid  major  wiili  an  otUcer 
to  colonil  II 'alls  the  En^lijl  governor,  to 
know  ol  him  on  what  dedgn  lie  gather'd 
(0  many  tones,  contraiy  to  the  agrcc- 
niiius  made  bi  tweeii  the  two  nations:  the 
aniwer  was,  that  he  had  lent  to  him  to  de- 
ilare  war,  and  that  lie  allow'd  but  three 
days  to  prepare  himltlt. 

This  anfwtr  did  not  only  determine  tlur 
eommandair  de  Sales  to  an, 11  L  the  Eiiiijijb, 
but  w  do  it  III  fpeedily  that  he  might  lur- 
pii/e  tlmii  biliire  thiy  had  given  their  or- 
ik'i,,  either  tor  an  attaik  upon  him  or 
tor  their  own  ik  twice.  To  this  purpolc  he 
dilpatih'd  an  ixpnis  to  ihc Jieiir de  Poines, 
commanding  in  the  quarter  of  the  point 
(/(■  Sable  and  Cahejterre,  to  iiitorm  him, 
tint  on  the  night  betweii  the  .'.ill  and  .t^d 
he  v.Diild  atiaik  the  enemy  on  their  north 
quartir,  next  ('.a\onih\  aiul  that  he  fliould 
do  the  lame  then  on  the  fide  ol  la  Cde- 
fterrt,  that  the  i'remb  lories  ot  the  two 
dillaiit  lc(  arate  ijuarters  might  join  i  but 
tilt-  expret's  could  not  pals. 

I'iiis  order  fo  given,  he  judged  itnecef- 
firy  to  deceive  the  enemy  by  a  llratagein, 
and  therefore,  on  the  :ifl  he  canted  all 
the  Ibrces  of  la  liajjeterre  to  aflembic  on 
the  heighth  of  the  river  Pentecojle  in  the 
fouthern  quarter,  where  he  drew  them  up 
in  battel,  in  the  light  ot  the  enemy  ;  anil 
juft  at  night,  having  caufed  (everal  fires  to 
be  lighted,  and  left  in  that  place  about  a 
hundred  of  his  weakell  men,  with  a  num- 
IxT  of  Blacks,  and  moll  of  his  drums,  to 
cover  his  defigii  and  amufe  the  enemy  in 
that  place,  he  marched  towards  Cayonne 
with  all  his  forces,  being  about  fix  hundred 
and  fil'ty  foldiers,  and  fifty  volunteers. 

I  ihall  not  mention  all  il.e  particulars  of 
the  difpofition  he  made  of  his  forces,  and 
of  his  attacks  ;  but  think  it  fulTicient  to 
lay,  that  the  firll  engagement  was  at  the 
river  C.'<()o/;;;e,  which  lejxir.ites  the /vvw/j 
from  the  Englijh  quarters,  as  has  been  ob- 
Icrvcd,  which  is  near  a  church,  1 200  paces 
higher  up  the  land  1  alter  which  they  pe- 
netrated into  the  Engli/I)  quarter,  and  the 
151acks  let  lire  to  all  tlic  fugar-canes,  hou- 
les  and  I'ugar  woiks  of  the  Enf^liJIj.  Next 
they  jiaffed  the  ilee[)  rivulet  of  Niebol/loii 
without  any  oppofition,  and  having  gain'd 
the  ujiper  end  of  the  rivulet  in  the  plain, 
that  lyes  betwixt  it  and  the  i'lvc  comlles, 
they  halted  to  breathe  a  little,  having  al- 
ready fufi'er'd  very  much  by  the  heat  and 
the  tinoak.  After  a  little  red,  they  march'il 
along  a  road,  hemm'd  in  on  one  fide  with 
a  great  ditch  and  a  hedge,  and  on  the  o- 
tlier  with  flirubs  and  cants  very  dofe  and 

thick. 


the  Caribbcc  (/lands. 


<^$9 


lliiik,  wliii.li  Irails  to  the  I'l.icc  ot  .irms 
bi'liirc  the  aluriTaiii  cliiirch  ot  the  live 
comblts,  Aiul  by  it  toiiiul  an  nnibufculc  in 
thi.'  ilitcli  and  iliriitn,  lyin^  at  the  entry  of 
tlut  plai-,  whii'li  lluppM  thim  awhile,  till 
being  reinturieil,  they  ehar^eii  the  Kngti/h 
nuiliiueteefs  I'o  warmly,  that  they  retired 
to  the  iilatc  ol  arms,  where  they  were- 
lullaincd  by  the  tire  of  two  companies  a\ 
liii^UJh  tliat  had  not  yet  engaged,  polled 
within  and  without  the  cluirch.  There 
the  lomiiiaiuttiir  dcSali-i  was  killed  by  a  (hot 
in  the  head,  and  I'omc  other  officers  wound- 
ed :  his  death  dilorder'il  the  liencb  forces, 
but  the  chevalier  ./<■  St.  I.ai(>\,:!  coming  up 
and  heading  them  aloot,  wnh  I'word  in 
hand,  overthrew  the  /•.ng!i//.i,  and  purllied 
them  to  the  end  of  the  rivulet.  The  road 
being  then  tree  (or  the  jomiiif;  of  the  for- 
ces of /<«  Ciibi'jtenr,  they  maitlud  ilirei'lly 
that  way,  und  found  the  ticiub  of  that 
part  of  the  idaiul  of  the  I.iime  a  Loiivet 
having  been  attack'd  by  the  Eiii/Jijh,  led 
by  colonL-l  MfHia,  had  lo  viij,orouny  re- 
pulled  them,  that  they  were  forced  to  re- 
tire towards  the  mountains,  after  eij^hty  of 
their  men  had  been  killed  on  the  fpot. 
Tlie  runaways,  as  well  of  the  north  quar- 
ter as  of  this  place,  gaining  a  palliigeacrols 
the  mountains,  which  leads  to  their  quar- 
ter of  la  graihle  Rade,  got  away  to  their 
governor  tV.ilts ,  who  was  alloniOi'd  to 
hear  of  the  progrcis  the  French  had  made, 
and  relblveti  to  take  revenge.  To  that 
efVcd  he  lent  onlers  to  the  hiigli^j  of  the 
two  frontiers  of  the  Pulm  'T'lti'  Points  and 
that  ot  (/{•  Sahl:-,  to  hold  themlelves  ready 
to  allitult  the  I'lrm/j;  and  being  arrived 
with  their  body  on  the  banks  of  the  little 
rivulet  of  the  SiVnly  Point,  which  divides 
them  from  the  h'reiich,  found  their  men 
there  fkirmifliing  with  them  in  a  lavanna 
or  luffuie  ground,  on  which  Ihinds  the 
hoiik  of  I'  EfpcrdHCf,  captain  of  that  quar- 
ter, and  caufed  them  to  march  by  the 
heighths,  and  thence  lending  their  detach- 
ments, tiiey  .ittack'd  the  advanced  guard 
of  the  IVeiicb,  polled  in  a  little  lavanna  at 
thf  head  of  thole  huts,  fulfained  by  three 
hundred  men  under  de  Poiiti'y,  and  drove 
ilicm  from  that  poll,  retiring  to  the  firlt 
houles  there-,  but  being  alFiUeil  '7  the 
iwofmall  batallionsot Vc/wv's,  they  larg- 
ed  the  h.iiglijh,  and  lepulfeil  them  beyond 
the  poll:  iluy  had  jult  tiken  of  the  Fretub. 
\  Icre  de  Poiney  was  mortally  wounded. 

■J'he  F.iigli/b  being  there  lullained  by 
IVelh  forces,  renew'd  the  charge  very  fu- 
rioiifly,  and  retook  the  houfes;  but  were 
loon  biaten  from  them  by  tlie  Freticb,  who 
had  the  adv.inta;^;e  ot  the  ground,  and 
could  make  two  dirchar;<;es  for  one,  be- 
caufe  the  FngliJJj  were  above  them. 

The  Engh/b  governoi-,  J^atls  AnilMor- 


giiH,  fcci'ig  their  forces  repulfcu  from  thole  Hii««ii«a 
polls,  retolved  to  make  a  general  attack  '-'^■"V^ 
with  all    their  troops,    bring  about    i.:oi) 
men.     Acconlingly  ll'ath  |uit  hiinltjf  on 
the  right,  .md  Mutgiin  o\\  the  Kit,  lillin(^ 
up  all  the  front  of  the  riling  ground  of  the 
hutsand  fav.inna'sot  i\\v J'uiir  I.' l'.Jjfr.in>e  \ 
moving  theme  orderly  to  .ill    the  plarej 
where  they  judged  they  might  be  attack'd 
in  front,  in  order  to  face  and  charge  the  ene- 
my every  way  •,  l)ut  the  Frehcb  perceiving 
by    this  diljjolition    of   the  enemy,    that 
theyfliould  infallibly  be  forced  from  thence 
it  they  did  not  advance   Ibnie  fmali  forces 
before   them,  to   fiill.iin   the   lirll  brunt  j 
they   Hided  fifty  fuzileers   alon^   a  defile 
which   the  Eiigiijb  had  not  oblerved,    on 
the  left  of  their  firfl  att.ack,   .nnd    'jehincl 
tome  trees  llaniling  along  the  great  road, 
cauling  them  to  tile  olf  by  ten  at  a  time, 
with  orders  not  to   tire  till   within  pillol- 
ftiot,  and   then   to  retire  to  their  body  if 
they  were  prels'd.     'i'hjs  was  execii'.ed  Ut 
exadly,    and   the   Englijh  receiveil    th(  ir 
firtl  volley  fo  fully,  that  /A',///r  their  chief, 
with  three  of  his  captaias,  fell  down  dead, 
and   colonel   Morgan   mortally   wounded, 
which  llopp'd  the  motion  of  the  Eiitjiflj 
troops  and  gave   time  to  the  Frcncb  to 
make  a  lecoiid  difcharge  •,  and  to  the  two 
fmall  batallions  to  come  out  of  their  polls, 
and  charge  the  enemy  with  fo  much  fuc- 
cefs,    that  being  difmay'd  by  the  lofs  of 
their  chiefs,    they   betook   themfelvcs  to 
flight,  and  were  purfued  by  the  French  a 
great  way  u|)  into  their  territories. 

About  ten  at  night  an  Englijh  trumpeter 
came  to  demand  the  body  oV  their  gover- 
nor, but  it  was  rather  to  obferve  the  pof- 
tiire  of  the  French;  for  though  they  had 
obtain'd  the  permilfion  of  taking  him  a- 
way,  they  did  not  do  it. 

The  next  morning  when  the  officers  wrre 
making  the  difpoDtion  to  attack  the  F.n- 
gl'tflj  quarter  of  the  great  ruid,  where  they 
had  formed  a  body  of  two  thoiif'ind  men  \ 
an  officer  came  from  them,  definng  to 
fpeak  to  the  chevalier  dc  St.  Lament,  who 
then  commanded  the  French  in  chief  upon 
the  death  of  the  cornmandeur  de  Sales,  and 
propoted  to  him  an  accommodation,  which 
obliged  de  St.  Laurent  to  airemble  his  olfi- 
cers,  who  knowing  their  forces  wanted 
powder,  were  of  opinion  to  propofe  to  the 
Englijh  feven  articles ;  the  firll  of  which  ^'-  P'"'- 
imported,  tiiat  they  fliould  immediatclvde-  "i'''\ 
liver  up  their  torts,  cannons,  arms  and  t!ii;f.,«;,^ 
ammunition  ;  the  third,  that  the  inh.ibi- 
tants,  who  fhould  take  an  oath  of  fidelity 
to  France,  fhould  live  and  enjoy  their  c- 
llarcs;  the  fixth,  that  they  fliould  have 
liberty  of  confcience,  but  no  publick  ex- 
crcife  of  the  Protejlant  religion  ;  .md  not 
be  allowed  any  arms,  nor  i'o  much  as 
fwords.  The 


ii4 


'  i  ■ ,'. 


A, 


66o 


A  hriej  Defer /ption  of 


*ill 


Herrera  T1>c  officer  was  fcnt  bick  with  cIicIl- 
'^y^V^J  conditions,  antl  iIt;  EiigHJIj  allowed  only 
four  hours  to  accept  of  then,  wiiicli  they 
did,  and  figned  them  within  the  tim;'i  and 
holhigcs  wire  tieliver'd  tor  the  execution 
of  that  fli.uiieful  capitulation,  jniiUiaiuto 
which,  the  French  were  made  ni  vlh  rs  ot 
the  Englijfj  forts  and  arms.  Many  of  tlie 
Englijfj  withdrew  from  the  illand,  and  the 
I'ldub  allowed  but  a  few  of  thole  that 
were  fit  to  carry  arms  to  retire  into  Ninrs, 
Motifcrrate  anit  Aitligua ;  the  moil  were 
fent  to  Jamaica,  Caroiuut,  f'irgi>iia,  Jnr- 
MiuLu,  the  Azores,  and  fomc  to  Englaml. 

Whiirt  this  was  tranfading  at  St.  Cbri- 
(lopbey'i,  lieutenant  general  JFilhugbh\  was 
on  his  pafTige  with  eight  fliips  from  Bm- 
baJoc'S  to  Nevis ;  and  bctwivt  the  great 
land  of  Giiadd'bpc  and  y/nligua,  met  a 
French  bark  going  trom  Marigalanle  to 
St.  Chri/lofhcr's,  vvhicii  he  foon  took,  and 
was  llrangeiy  furpriled,  when  afkiiig  the 
FiYiicb  crew.  What  news;  they  told  iiim 
they  iiad  heard  ol  none  fince  the  conquell 
their  nation  iiad  made  i)f  the  parts  of  .SV. 
Cl.r'Jl:,phtr\  belonging  to  the  crown  of  £«- 
gland;  only  that  the  fuw  de  CbamJ r.iy, 
agent  general  oi i\vi  Fi inch  IFeJl  India  com- 
pany,  was  gone  over  to  that  ifland  with 
three  large  fliips,  to  carry  away  the  En- 
gli/lj  to  other  parts.  This  account  made 
him  refolve  to  throw  the  forces  he  brougiit 
from  Biirbadoci,  into  /Intlgua  and  Nevis,  to 
defend  thole  iflands  againll  the  attacks  ot 
tlie  French  ;  and  as  to  hinifelf,  to  expert 
at  Jiitigui  trclh  orders  from  the  lord  ITil- 
loKgi'.'liy,  iiis  uncle. 

'I'he  eight  hundred  men  this  lieutenant 
general  was  bringing  from  Barhudocs,  v.eie 
in  their  pafTige  to  be  reinforc'il  by  about 
five  hundred  more  from  /hitigtia,  and  all 
to  be  join'd  to  thofe  prepar'd  in  St.  Cbri- 
Jhiher'^  by  Colonel  Haiti,  in  order  with 
that  number  of  lorces,  which  were  to  ex- 
ceed five  tlioufand  men,  to  untlert.ike  the 
attack  of  the  French  quarters  at  St.  Chn- 
ftofhcr's  whh  the  greater  I'uccefs  ;  but  they 
wlio  il'  'I'd  to  take,  were  taken  thern- 
felves. 

In  June  following,  the  lord  U'illougbhy 
having  jirojedled  not  only  to  recover  tlie 
Engtijh  quarters  in  the  illand  of  St.  Cbri- 
Jloj-bcr,  but  even  to  ilifpollefs  the  French  of 
theirs,  came  before  it  with  his  fleet,  aboard 
which  were  three  thouland  men  of  regular 
troops  and  militia,  detach'd  from  Barba- 
d'je>,  /Intlgua  and  Nmis,  commanileii  by 
Iiis  nephew  Henry  fV'.'loughby;inL\  lieuten.int 
colonel  Sta/!eton.  'I'he  fleet  paflcd  by  the 
lort  at  point  Palm  Tree  at  break  of  ilay, 
anil  made  Inch  expedition,  that  before  the 
chevalier  de  St.  Laurent,  who  then  com- 
manded in  the  iflanti,  could  oppofe  it  -.  the 
Englijfo  boats  landed  above    fix   hundred 


E>:~!ijl.- 
jtlcinpt 
on  Si. 
Chrijlo- 
p'.'tr. 


men  on  the  beach  at  the  river  Pe'an,  !i 
qu.iricr  of  a  league  above  the  En?j:/7'  fort, 
tlio'  the  place  was  not  very  convenient  for 
m.iking  a  ilefcent  ;  for  notwiihflanding  it 
was  ealy  enough  to  lanii  on  the  beach,  vtf 
the  entrance  into  the  river  was  defended 
by  ,1  little  frei  p  ilift,  about  twelve  feet 
liigh,  encli.ll.'d  with  fmall  tliornv  buflies, 
acccllible  only  by  a  little  narrow  toot  p '.ill, 
which  a  linglc  man  had  enough  to  do  to 
feramble  up  between  the  buiht<,  with  two 
rivulets  full  ol  rocks  at  the  two  cmls,  very 
iliflieult  to  lalV.  Ihe  EagHjh,  inflead  of 
gainim.;  that  heighth,  drew  uj)  in  order  of 
baitelon  tlie  bearh,  and  bv  that  means  gave 
time  to  the  chevali;r  de  St.  Laurent,  wiui 
ab.out  tweiitv  live  liorle  to  place  themfelves 
before  tint  little  loot  pith,  and  to  repulfe 
the  detachments  lent  from  the  beach  to 
gain  the  heighth,  notwithftanding  the  fire 
of  the  main  body  that  was  on  the  beach, 
and  that  from  the  men  of  war  and  barks, 
riding  within  piflol-thot  of  the  fliore. 

'I'he  Englijh  being  lepulled  from  that 
road,  extended  themklves  to  the  right  and 
left  to  advance  among  the  rocks  and  Hones 
in  the  mouth  of  tlie  river  PeLii: ;  but  the 
iremh  torees  by  that  time  increafing  mere, 
charg'd  them  in  front  .i.al  flank,  wliilll 
feveral  boats  continually  landed  more 
men  to  lullain  the  fbtmer;  to  that  chere 
was  a  continual  Ikirmifliing  for  fever.?  1 
hours,  and  many  men  killed,  the  particu- D(i^.,tp(j. 
lars  whereof  being  tedious  ;  but  in  conclu- 
fion,  the  Enghjh  were  lo  prelled,  that  thiy 
reiiiibark'd,  after  having;  canonaded  a  long 
time  from  their  fliips,  leaving  eiglit  hun- 
dred of  tin  ii-  bell  men,  either  killed  or 
drowned,  among  whom  was  the  lord  Be!- 
lamoiit  anti  l('\'eral  ofTicers,  befldes  five 
hundred  ami  iiliy  piiroiurs,  of  which  num- 
ber w.'s  colonel  St^i'lctoii,  who  com;nand- 
cd  the  det'icnt,  colon'.  I  Bonely  and  colonel 
Colter,  and  twenty  other  officers.  'J'lic 
Engli/Jj  fleet  returned  to  A'evis. 

By  the  peace  of  Bred.i,  concliidetl  July 
:)!,  1667.  their  quarters  in  the  ifland  of 
^V.  Cbrijio/'her  were  r;  floiiil  to  the  EngHJh, 
who  in  a  tew  years  put  tliur  colony  into  a 
good  coiulition  again  ;  but  were  ag.iin  dri- 
ven out  of  it  by  the  i'rer.cb  in  1O90,  and 
rellored  by  the  peace  of  A'\/«'.v('  in  iO.)7, 
when  they  oixe  more  re-cfuiblifli'd  all 
things ,  but  were  fince  expcU'd  again  dur- 
ing the  l.dt  war  •,  but  by  the  peace,  con- 
cluded at  Utrecht  m  i/ii,  Irance  has  yield- 
ed up  the  whole  ifland  to  the  Engiijh. 

Belides  the  frequent  calamines  of  w.ir, 
the  ifland  is  more  Ib'iicd  to  liurricaius  and 
earthquakes  th.iii  any  other  of  \.\\cCartb- 
bees,  as  h.is  been  hinted  before  ■,  bur  tor 
which  it  would  be  a  v^-iy  j  LMi.int  and  ad- 
vantagious  pl.ice. 

'I'he 


■  Pc-ian,  a 

vc'iiii-nt  tor 
ll.iiiding  it 
IkmcIi,  vti 
,<;  ilck'ndod 
twelve  feet 
nv  buflics, 
i  toot  pull, 
li  to  do  to 
,  with  two 

ciHis,  very 
,  inilcnd  of 
in  ord(.r  of 
means  (j,.ivc 
iiiriit.,  will! 

tlienirt-lvcs 
\  to  npulfe 
i;  bcMili  to 
iri<;  tl-.c  iirc 
1  tiic  Iv.ach, 
and  b.irks, 

til  ore. 

from  tli.iC 
It;  right  and 
s  and  Hones 
;;; ;  but  the 
•afing  lliere, 
anU,  whillt 
nded  more 
J  that  chere 

for   fevcr.'l 

die  i-iarticu-  Oclcucd. 

It  in  conclu- 

d,  that  th( y 

ladctl  I  long 

>  eii;hL  iiun- 

r  killed  or 

he  lord  IJil- 

iclidi's   five 

whii-h  niim- 

conv.nand- 

\\\d  colonel 

eers,      The 


he 


tided  July 
illand  ot 
the  Eiiglijh, 
Oiiy  into  a 
e  again  dri- 

1690,  and 
(■  in  i6i)7, 
ablifli'd  all 
I  again  dur- 
leai  e,  con- 
e  has  yielJ- 

lies  vi  war, 

rricanes  and 

the  Carib- 

;    bur  lor 

Hit  and  ad- 


Tlu- 


the  Caribbee  IJlands, 


661 


The  Commatideur  de  Souvre,  with  the 
king's  permifiion,  bought  the  propriety  of 
the  iflands  of  St.  Chripofher,  Santa  Cruz, 
St.  Martin ,  and  St.  Bartbolomnu  of  the 
Frei.cb  ylmcrican  company,  for  the  fum  of 
40000  crowns.  The  king  ratified  the  trea- 
ty in  1653,  and  yielded  up  all  the  right  to 
them  to  the  order  of  Malta,  they  only 
paying  an  acknowledgment  of  a  gold 
trovn,  worth  3000  livrts,  to  every  king 
at  his  accelFion  to  the  crown  of  France,  and 
the  great  matter  was  obliged  to  fend  no 
other  perfons  governors  of  thofe  iflands, 
but  rrciich  knigiits. 

The  new  Weft  India  company  redcem'd 
the  laid  iflands  from  the  knights  of  Malta, 
for  the  fum  of  500000  livres  in  1665,  fend- 
ing over   thither   the  Simr  de  Cbambray, 
their  agent-general,  to  take  pofTctTion  of 
th  .m  in  their  name,  who  fettled  their  go- 
vernors in  them,    that  f\mc    year ;    not- 
withtlanding  the  Commnndeur  de  Sales,  go- 
vernor of  thofe  iflands  for  the  knights  of 
Malta,  made  tome  oppohiiion.     The  in- 
habitants were   alio   fomewhat  uneafy  at 
this  change,  and  the  prohibition  of  com- 
merce with  the  Dutch  was  as   little  agree- 
able to  them,  as  to  thofe  of  Guadaliife  and 
Alartinico.     Thcfe  difcontents  were  height- 
en'd  by  the  apprehenfion  of  a  rupture  be- 
tween France  and   England,    when    they 
(hould  be   expofcd  to  all  the  mifchicts  of 
war  ;  whereas  if  they  had  continued  fubjeft 
to  the  knights  oi  Malta,  they  would  have 
been  out  of  all  danger,   as  being  neu- 
ters. 


St. 


E  U  S  T  A  C  II  I  U  S, 


Is  about  nine  leagues  in  compafs,  lies  in 
17  degrees  40  minutes  north  latitude  ; 
llirec  leagues  N.  W.  from  St.  Cbrijiolhcr, 
■Mid  to  the  fouthw^ud  looks  like  a  high 
mountain,  but  llretches  out  to  the  nortli- 
wani  ill  an  indiiFerent  good  country.  It  is 
polTcffed  by  a  Dutch  colony,  as  has  been 
obferved  before,  lince  the  year  1635.  Tlie 
chief  produft  is  cotton,  befides  (bme  fugar 
plantations.  It  has  no  harbour,  but  a 
good  road.  Tlie  land  is  mountainous  and 
wants  water. 

I'lie  EngliJJj  from  Jamaica,  took  it  from 
the  DulJ/m  1665,  and  having  fent  them 
away,  repeopled  it  for  the  mott  part  with 
buccaneers,  under  the  command  of  colonel 
Alorgan,  who  was  killed  tiic  next  year  at 
St.  Cbrijiophcr,  as  was  laid  above. 

The  l-rcncb  having,  as  is  there  alfo  re- 
lated, polVeiled  themfehcs  of  St.  Cbrifto- 
■fiber  in  iOi)(),  invaded  67.  EujLubius,  to- 
gether with  the  Dulih  ;  and  being  landed 
with  little  or  no  oppolition  from  the  new 
Englijb  polkllbrs,  who  retired  to  their 
fort,    advanced   under  their  coiiiinamkrs 

Vol.  V. 


the  Sieur  Dorviltiers  of  the  French,  and  Van- 
derburg  of  the  Dutch  to  florm  that  work  ; 
but  the  Englijh  fent  out  colonel  Sedborougb 
to  capitulate,  and  they  were  allowed  to 
depart  the  illand  without  any  arms  j  only 
to  carry  off  their  equipage  to  Jamaica, 
without    landing   on   any  of  the  EngliJIi 
Caribbee  iflands,  which  was  executed  ac- 
cordingly }   and  to   prevent  their  retiring 
to   any  of  the  neighbouring  iflands,    the 
fliip  lent  to  carry  them  ofi  had  no  main 
top-math     The  confederate  forces  took 
pofleflion  of  the  laid  fort,  in  which  they 
found   fixteen  pieces  of  cannon   mounted, 
a  br.iTs  mortar,  twelve  bombs,  a  hundred 
and  Hfty  mufkcts,  fome  ammunition,  and 
a  confidcrable  number   of  Blacks.      The 
ifland   being  at  that   time  of  war  look'd 
upon  by  general  de  la  Barre,  ,is  very  fer- 
viceable  to  flielier   the   little  Ihips,  that 
fliould  have  occafion  to  go  to  St.  Cbrijlo- 
fbcr  by  the  fide  of  the  Cabcjicrre ;  and  that 
it  would  be  a  great  annoyance  to  \.\\c  French 
there ,  if  the  Er.gliJIj  tliould  be  mailers  of 
it  again  and  keep  tome  fmail  frigats  there, 
to  hinder  the  refort  to  St.  Cbrijlopber  with- 
out being  expofed,  as  they  mult  be  at  A'f- 
vis ;  he  rctolved  to  keep  a   good  garilon 
of  French  in  St.  Euftacbius,  to  fecure  the 
fort,  which,  tho'  but  of  earth,  is  one  of 
the  belt  in    the  Caribbee  iflands ;    and  to 
leave  in  it  a  governor  of  refolution  and 
experience.       The    Sieur    de    Rofe     was 
pitch'd  upon   for  that   employment,  with 
eigiity  men  of  regular   troops  ;    and    all 
the  flaves  tlie  EngliJJj  had   left,  who  were 
cmpIoyM  at  repairing  and  improving  of 
the  works.     Afterwards,  by  the  treaty  of 
Breda,  the  ifland  returned  to  its  firtt  pof- 
feflbrs. 

In  ifiRg,  the  French  took  it  again  from 
the  Dutch,  but  rettored  it  by  the  peace  of 
li)fu;ick,  in  1697. 

St.  B  A  R  T  H  O  L  O  ,M  E  W, 

So  call'd  from  Bartholomew,  brother  to 
Chriftopher  Columbus,  which  latt  ditcover'd 
it  in  the  year  1493,  is  ten  leagues  in  corn- 
pals,  lyes  in  18  degrees  north  latitude, 
eigiit  leagues  N.  N.  E.  from  St.  Chrifto- 
pher, ami  belongs  to  the  French  fince  the 
year  1648.  The  colony  is  not  confidc- 
rable, having  but  a  few  inhabitants,  be- 
caule  it  wants  frefli  water  and  the  toil  is 
none  of  the  belt.  However  it  abounds  in 
fowl,  as  hens,  turkeys  and  ducks,  and 
alio  in  fhecp  and  goits,  which  the  inhabi- 
tants trade  with  to  St.  Chriftopher.  It  alfo 
produces  plenty  ot  mandioca,  whereof  the 
cajfabi,  or  ordinary  bread  of  thofe  iflands 
is  made. 

This  mandioca  is  a  bufli,  full  of  crook-  Maniiix*. 
cd  knots,  and  Icldom  grows  quite  fix  loot 
8  1''  high, 


■,  ' 


I  1 

Hi' 


I'-. 


ii'* 


i  '.. 


i^i 


1^ 


■"it '  1 

it 


(5d2 


A  brief  Defcriptiou  of 


r-li; 


IV!    , 


high.  Therd  are  fix  or  feven  forts  of  ir, 
the  violet  colour  is  the  belh  It  is  re- 
duced to  a  fort  of  meal,  as  has  been  fiid 
elfewhere,  and  they  bake  it  in  large  flat 
cakes. 

This  iflanil  produce-  plenty  of  tobacco, 
and  has  a  ()retty  good  harbour  for  vcffcls 
under  a  hundred  ton  burtlicn. 

St.  Martin, 

Belongs  to  the  French  ever  fince  the  year 
1645,  is  in  the  fame  longitude  ;is  tlie  for- 
mer, in  18  degrees  75  minutes  latitude; 
its  compafs  about  twenty  five  leagues,  di- 
ftantfrom  St. Chrijtophern'mckwgucs  north, 
and  is  feated  between  St.  Bartholomew  on 
the  fouth,  and  Aiiguila  on  the  nortli. 

It  is  inhabited  by  French  and  Dutch  ; 
one  yanree,  a  Hollander,  having  entcr'd 
upon  it,  as  well  as  the  French  in  1635,  and 
each  nation  has  its  feparate  quarter.  Be- 
fore the  wars  in  i(506,  it  abounded  in  cat- 
tel  and  iiad  fome  fugar  mills  j  but  having 
been  almofl:  abandon'd,  it  will  not  becafily 
reftor'd,  as  well  on  account  of  its  unwhole- 
fome  air,  as  of  the  diftemj'wrs  thought  to 
be  occafion'd  by  the  badncfs  of  the  water, 
which  is  alfo  fcarce,  and  taken  out  of  a 
lake  there  is  in  it  -,  befides  that  the  land  is 
barren.  It  lyes  alfo  too  much  to  leeward, 
which  renders  the  commerce  witii  the  wind- 
ward idands  the  more  difficult.  Nor  has 
it  any  harbour ;  and  the  fouth  fliorc,  being 
the  pafl"age  from  it  to  that  of  S.  Bartholo- 
mew, is  very  rocky  and  dangerous. 

A  N  G  U  I  L  A, 

Is  a  long  flat  ifland,  north  of  6'/.  Mar- 
ihi,  in  18  degrees  30  minutes  north  lati- 
tude V  eight  leagues  long,  and  but  of  a 
fmall  breadth,  whence  the  name  of  vf«- 
giiila  is  deriv'd,  fignifying  an  eel  in  Spa- 
mjh.  It  is  inhabited  by  Engltjh,  feveral 
families  having  retired  thither  after  the 
French  had  conquered  their  quarters  in  St 
Cbriftopher  in  the  year  1666.  Their  chief 
produdl  is  tobacco,  which  has  notcnrich'd 
them,  but  they  'ontinue  generally  poor, 
'i'he  accefs  10  the  illand  is  very  dangerous, 
and  many  (hips  have  been  lolt  about  it, 
nor  has  it  any  harbour  to  Ihelter  them. 

Saba, 

Is  a  fmall  ifland,  confilling  of  one  great 
mountain,  lying  N.  W.  from  6'/.  Eujla- 
cl.niii,  in  i;'  ■"•■^rees  50  minutes  north  la- 
titude, inhabited  by  the  Dutch;  but  is  a 
colony  of  fm  II  value  and  thinly  inhabited, 
thoiigh  there  arc  now  Ibme  Englifl}  on  it, 
as  well  as  Dut(.h.  It  is  not  fo  large  as  67. 
Eiijliubins, 


SantaCruz, 

By  the  Indians  called  y/y  ./ly, ;  is  about 
thirty  leagues  in  compafs,  in  17  degrees 
40  minutes  north  latitude,  forty  leagues  to 
the  weftward  of  St.  Chrlfiopher,  confifting 
altogether  of  fmall  hills  j  of  good  accefs 
even  for  carts,  and  proper  to  produce  all 
things  of  American  growth.  The  foil  in 
fome  places  is  nitrous,  for  which  reafon  the 
water  is  not  every  where  fit  to  drink,  as 
rafting  of  that  mineral,  which  defeft  is 
lupplied  by  cillerns  for  the  uie  of  man- 
kind, the  cattel  drinking  that  of  the  wells, 
which  fcrvcs  alfo  for  otlicr  common  ufes. 
It  has  been  obfervcd,  that  the  deeper  they 
dig  the  wells,  the  fweeter  the  water  is. 
That  of  feveral  rivulets  is  alfo  very  good, 
and  ferves  thofe  places  through  which  they 
pafs.  The  ifland  being  no  higher  in  the 
midille  than  in  other  parts,  as  rnoit  of  the 
Caribbces  are,  leveral  of  the  little  rivers 
itagnatc  towards  ihcir  mouths,  for  want 
of  a  defeent.  They  abound  in  fifli,  but 
the  w.iter  Ibmetimes  ftanding  ftill  there, 
occafions  infedtious  vapours  and  exhalati- 
ons, whirh  render  the  place  unhealthy,  as 
I  fliall  again  ubferve. 

This  ifland,  ever  fince  the  year  1650, 
has  belongeil  to  the  French,  who  have 
there  a  little  colony.  The  air  was  reckon- 
ed b.id  for  many  years,  but  it  has  been 
obferved  to  grow  more  wholefome  as  the 
woods  are  cut  down,  and  the  inhabitants 
live  pretty  well  in  it,  and  have  good  pro- 
vifions,  whirh  makes  the  number  of  peo- 
ple increafe;  and  it  is  like  to  become  a 
confiderabic  colony,  there  being  feveral 
fiigar-mills  on  it  already.  The  foil  pro- 
duces plenty  of  tobacco,  fugar  and  indigo, 
and  there  is  good  palture  ground  for  feed- 
ing horfes,  cows  and  llieep.  In  the  year 
1680,  it  was  reckoned  to  contain  8cx)  in- 
habitants. It  formerly  belonged  to  the 
knights  of  Malta,  as  was  obferved  before, 
but  now  to  the  new  French  H'ejl  India,  or 
American  company.  The  Dominicans  have 
the  charge  of  fpiritual  affairs  :  The  king 
appoints  a  governor. 

There  are  three  ports  in  it,  the  beft  in 
all  the  Caribbee  iflands,  efpecially  one  ot 
them,  which  is  a  very  fafe  harbour,  but 
fomewhat  diflieult  to  get  in,  having  two 
very  narrow  channels  among  the  rocks,  not 
above  fix  fathom  broad,  and  the  one  fifteen, 
the  oilur  fixteen  foot  water.  Within  thole 
narrow  channels  the  depth  increafes  to  tour 
and  five  fathom,  all  within  the  port  very 
dole  to  the  fhore,  the  Ihips  commonly  lying 
fo  near  a  fmall  ifland  there  is  wiihin  it, 
that  they  make  uli-  of  the  trees  growing  on 
it,  to  bring  thcui  down  on  a  fide  and  ca- 
reen. 

There 


;  is  about 
17  degrees 
(T  leagues  to 
,  confifting 
rood  accefs 
produce  all 
rhe  foil  in 
li  reafon  the 
o  drink,  as 
h  defcft  is 
le  of  man- 
jf  the  wells, 
mmon  ufcs. 
deeper  they 
e  water  is. 
very  good, 
which  they 
gher  in  the 
noit  of  the 
little  rivers 
s,  for  want 
in  fifh,  but 
(till  there, 
id  cxiialati- 
ihealthy,  as 

year  1650, 
who  have 
was  reckon- 
it  has  been 
fome  as  the 
:  inhabitants 
;  good  pro- 
ber of  pco- 
0  become  a 
cing  feveral 
le  foil  pro- 
and  indigo, 
ind  for  feed- 
In  the  year 
tain  800  in- 
iged  to  the 
■rvcd  before, 
'eft  India,  or 
linicam  iiave 
:   The  king 

,  the  bed  in 
ially  one  ot 
larbour,  but 
having  two 
he  rocks,  not 
e  one  fifteen, 
iVithin  thole 
•eafcs  to  tour 
lie  port  very 
monly  lying 
is  wiihin  it, 
>  growing  on 
fide  and  ca- 

Thcre 


the  Caribbee  IJlii^s.' 


66^ 


I'here  is  a  little  fort,  mounted  with  can- 
non ;  befides  which  the  inhabitants  have  k 
fifd  rctrv.at,  in  cafe  of  being  attacked  bf 
100  great  a  power,  which  they  provided 
in  the  midfl:  of  the  woods.  In  the  yCai' 
1666,  when  they  apprehended  being  ttt- 
tacked  by  tlic  EngliJIj ;  thft  place  being 
big  enough  to  breed  and  maintain  cattle, 
Vvith  odicr  conveniences  for  themfelves, 
their  families  and  efleftl.  That  natural 
fortrcfs  is  fecurcd  on  alf  fides  either  by 
the  iliicknefs  of  the  trees  ftanding,  or  by 
many  oihers  cut  down  and  lay'd  athwart 
to  Itop  up  the  avenues,  fo  that  2o  men 
v.ho  were  well  acquainted  with  the  place, 
may  keep  off  500  m  thofe  parts  which  arc 
ca  fieft  of  accefs. 

Thofe  woods  are  ftill  of  queefts  and  ring- 
doves, very  good  to  cat,  befides  abun- 
dance of  land  crabs.  They  aifo  fwarm 
with  gnat-  diikas  and  other  troublefome 
infedts,  which  much  annoy  the  inhabitants 
at  certain  times  of  the  year.  The  crabs 
are  of  fuch  a  nature,  that  if  trod  oh,  or 
Otherwife  cruflied,  they  fill  the  air  v.'ith  a 
loathfome  ftink  :  befides  they  fpoil  all  the 
frelli  water  of  the  wells  or  brooks  they  re- 
fort  to,  in  incredible  multitudes,  at  a  cer- 
t.iin  time  of  the  year,  when  they  go  down 
from  the  inland  hills  to  the  fea  fide  to 
fpawn  ;  after  which  they  return  again  {i- 
veral  miles  up  the  country,  crowded  1" 
clofe  that  they  take  up  half  a  league  in 
breadth,  crawling  over  one  another.  The 
gnats  caufe  violin:  pain  and  fwelling  knots 
where  they  iling,  and  it  is  difficult  to  fieep 
quiet  for  thorn  in  the  houfe,  and  impoflible 
to  avoid  them  in  the  woods. 

n^e  Virgins, 

Arc  feveral  fmall  idands  in  18  degrees 
50  minutes  north  latitude,  lying  in  a  duller, 
north  of  Santa  Cruz,  of  feveral  fizcs,  their 
foil  barren,  and  therefore  very  thinly  in- 
habitetl  by  Danes,  who  live  there  very  poor- 
ly. The  nearcll  of  them  to  Santa  Cruz  is 
10  leagues  difiant,  and  the  molt  wefterly 
of  them,  within  a  few  leagues  of  the  great 
SpaniJ/j  ifland  of  St.  John  ilt  Puerto  Rico. 
This  is  the  rhietelt  of  them  all,  where  the 
Danes  and  PruJ/ians  have  a  tolerable  fet- 
tlement,  to  carry  on  an  u,.dcrhand  trade 
of  flaves  from  Guinea  and  fome  European 
commoditici,  with  i\w  othtr  Carihlee  iflands, 
and  with  the  Spaniards,  as  1  have  obferved 
before. 

AnEG  ADA, 

Is  a  defcrt  illand,  in  19  degrees  north 
latitude,  about  twelve  leagues  totiie  north- 
ward of  ih^  l-'irgins,  very  difficult  of  ac- 
cefs,   by  realon  of  the  llioals  lying  about 

4 


it,  and  thettfore  carefully  avoided  by  all 
ftips  comihg  from  ;he  windward  idands  to 
proceed  to  Europe,  many  diips  having  been 
fbrmei-Iy  Ibft  there.  It  is  about  as  big  as 
^hc  iflaftd  of  St.  Bartholomew,  or  perhaps 
fonrfewhat  larger.  There  is  no  account  of 
its  foil  or  produft. 

,;       Sombrero,        in 

Is  a  little  iiiand  lying  betwixt  the  laft 
fpoken  of  and  jlnmila,  Icrving  for  a  land- 
mark to  get  out  ^fe  from  among  the  Ca- 
tibbee  iflands. 

The  great  idands  of  St.  John  de  Pu- 
erto Rico,  Hifpaniola  and  Cuba  belonging  to 
the  Spaniards,  and  Jamaica  to  the  En^ijh 
are  not  of  the  number  of  the  Caribbees,  a.nd 
therefore  nothing  diall  be  faid  of  them. 

Bermudas. 

Thefe  iflands  are  not  of  thofe  we  have 
above  fpoken,  but  very  remote,  yet  in  re- 
gard they  lie  in  the  way  for  diips  return- 
ing from  Guinea  and  the  Caribbee  idands, 
and  are  often  reforted  to  upon  accidents, 
ftrefs  of  weather,  or  want  of  provifions, 
it  may  not  be  improper  to  fiy  fomething 
of  them. 

They  are  in  32  degrees,  25  minutes 
north  latitude,  and  270  degrees  longitude 
from  the  meridian  of  London,  about  300 
leagues  diftant  from  Carolina,  which  is  the 
nearefl  continent.  Their  firll  difcoverer 
was  John  Bermudo,  a  native  of  Galicia  in 
Spain,  whofe  name  they  retain,  about  the 
beginning  of  the  16'''  century,  In  1552, 
the  king  of  Spain  had  refojved  to  fend 
thither  a  colony  of  his  fubjciils,  becaufe 
it  is  a  place  convenient  for  the  Ihips  re- 
turning to  Spain,  through  the  channel  of 
Bahama,  and  accordingly  granted  great 
privileges  to  Ferdinand  Camelo  a  Portuguese, 
but  that  defign  took  no  efietl. 

In  1593,  Barbotiere  a  French  captain  was 
diipwrecked  on  them,  through  the  over- 
fight  of  his  pilot,  twenty  fix  of  his  men 
got  alhore,  among  whom  w^sIF'nry  May, 
who  afterwards  publidied  an  account  of 
that  diipwreck.  In  1609,  Sk  George  Som- 
mer  an  Engli/hman  was  tirove  thither  by 
the  violence  of  the  winds,  and  fome  of 
his  men  returning  into  England,  fo  much 
commended  the  idands,  then  called  Som- 
mer's  idands,  from  Sir  George  Sommers , 
that  in  the  year  16 12,  a  fociety  of  Eiiglijh 
gentlemen  and  merchants,  having  obtamed 
a  grant  from  king  Jama,  the  fird,  fent 
over  fixty  men  to  begin  a  colony,  under 
the  diredion  of  Richard  More,  who  built 
tight  forts  in  feveral  places. 

More  was  fucceecled  in  the  governmenc, 
anno  1016,  'ly  D.iniil  Tucker,   who  fct  hii 

uicn 


hif 


:  m 


••■li 


66^ 


A  brief  Dejcription  of,  6rc. 


w, 


(1 ' 


men  to  cultivate  the  ground,  to  plant  fees 
and  tobacco.  In  1619  Butler  fucctj'':d 
tucker,  hav',;^;  •  .''i-;'  ever  abovi  500  ir.  • 
habitants,  and  "i"i  as  many  the'-':.  He 
divided  ri'.j!'-  ■  uiiiii  ir,:o  parcels,  which 
were  fcK)  ■  V  ■ -d,  for  in  1623,  there  were 
above  5,;  .i  En^.'tflj  inhabitants. 

Theri;  ii  bi't  one  large  ifland,  four  or 
five  fmaller,  and  feveral  little  ones:  all  of 
thcni  furrounded  with  rocks,  fhoals  and 
fands,  which  render  the  accefs  extraordina- 
ry difficult,  and  arc  their  greateft  fecurity, 
there  being  only  two  clear  channels,  v.ith 
good  fortifications  to  fecure  them.  The 
rocks  may  be  fccn  at  low  water,  but  not 
at  flood,  when  the  water  rifes  about  five 
foot.  Ma-j,  in  his  defcription  of  thefc 
iflands  fays,  the  biggcft  is  about  fifteen 
EtigUpj  miles  long,  and  fix  or  feven  in 
breadth;  all  over  ftocked  with  trees  and 
plants  of  feveral  forts.  The  cedars  there 
are  very  beautiful,  with  which  the  inhabi- 
tants build  houfcs  and  veffels,  the  timber 
being  the  befl  in  the  world. 

The  fea  affords  tortoifcs  of  a  prodigious 
bulk.  The  prickly  pears  grow  all  the  year 
about,  and  there  are  red  and  white  mul- 
berries, antl  filk  worms.  There  are  alio 
abundance  of  a  fort  of  palm  trees  bearing 
a  fruit  like  acorns,  which  ferve  to  feed 
fwinc,  whereof  there  are  great  numbers. 
The  fea  alfo  yields  fome  good  pearls  and 
ambergreefc.  Indian  corn  comes  twice  a 
year,  a  fingle  grain  producing  a  pound 
weight  eacli  time.  The  firlt  fowing  is  in 
March,  and  the  harvcll  in  Jul'j ;  the  fecond 
fowing  in  Jugiiji,  which  is  reaped  in  De- 
ccmber.  Thtre  arc  abundance  of  whales 
all  round  the  idands,  of  divers  forts  and 
other  fea  monllers,  whitii  play  about  the 
fhorcs  from  Januar-j  till  Mu'j,  and  are  a 
profitable  filhery. 


The  ai'  is  cle.^.r,  temperate,  moid  and 
inoderattfy  hoi,  which  renders  the  foil  fit 
to  produce  any  plants  or  feeds,  and  tho' 
the  trees  lofe  their  leaves,  they  are  always 
green.  Frelh  water  is  fomewhat  fcarce, 
for  which  reafon  the  Engliflj  have  dug  many 
wells,  which  fupply  them. 

The  worfl:  of  thofe  iflands  is  that  they 
are  very  fubjedt  to  horrid  ftorms  of  thun- 
der and  lightning,  except  in  the  months 
oi  April  and  May,  when  the  weather  is 
very  delightful.  It  is  obferv.ible  that  few 
fliips  pafs  by  the  iflands  without  meeting 
fome  tempeft,  tho'  at  70  or  80  leagues 
diftancc.  Notwithftanding  which  boifte- 
rous  weather,  in  the  year  16 16,  five  men, 
in  an  open  boat  of  about  3  tons  burden, 
ventured  to  fail  thence  to  Ireland,  at 
the  mod  tempeftuous  time  of  the  year, 
and  arrived  there  fafc,  after  a  paflage 
of  feven  weeks,  and  efcaping  infinite  dan- 
gers. 

The  arms  cf  Bermudas  are,  a  fhip  fplit- 
ting  againft:  a  rock  in  the  fea,  to  denote 
how  thofe  iflands  were  made  known  to  the 
Englijh,  by  Ba^hotiere  and  Sir  George  Som- 
men  being  fliipwrecked  on  them,  as  has 
been  mentioned. 

T/je  Ei:d  of  the  Accourt  of  the  Caribbee 
IJlands. 

I  have  thought  fit  to  fubjoin  the  fol- 
lowing difcourfe,  taken  out  of  the  reflexi- 
ons upon  the  conftitution  and  management 
of  the  trade  to  Africk,  through  the  whole 
courfe  and  progrcfs  thereof;  from  the  be- 
ginning of  the  lafl:  Century,  to  this  timej 
as  it  was  offered  in  print,  to  the  Iloufi  of 
Commons,  by  the  Royal-African-Compiiny, 
anno,  1709. 


Aa 


r' 


66c, 


moift  and 
\  the  foil  fit 
,  and  tho' 
are  always 
hat  fcarce, 
;dug  many 

is  that  they 
ms  of  thun- 
the  months 
weather  is 
lie  that  few 
lUt  meeting 
So  leagues 
lich  boifte- 
,  five  men, 
ms  burden, 
Ireland,  at 
F  the  year, 
'  a  paHage 
infinite  dan- 

a  (hip  fplit- 
,,  to  denote 
nown  to  the 
George  Som- 
lem,  as  has 


be  Caribbce 


i'm  the  fol- 
the  rcflcfti- 
nanagement 
the  whole 
rom  the  be- 
this  timc> 
the  I/otifi  of 
Vi-Cempiiny, 


Aa 


\a  Account  of  the  Rife  and  Progrefs 
of  our  Trade  to  Africa,  preceding 
the  Year  1697. 


ABOUT  the  latter  end  of  queen 
EHzabelb's,  and  in  the  beginning 
of  her  fucceflbr  king 7<zni«'s  reign, 
fome  London  adventven  made  fe- 
veral  attempts  fcp.irately,  for  carrying  on 
a  Trade  to  the  coall  of  Africk,  call'd  Gui- 
nea ;  yer  ail  il'.ar  can  be  found  any  of  them 
ever  ^ain'd  thereby,  was  i.ncrcly  a  bare 
difcovery,  and  dear  L/Ought  experience, 
that  probably  an  advantagioub  trade  might 
have  been  carried  on  thither,  provided 
they  had  had  a  (lock  and  power  fufficient 
for  that  end,  and  had  known  how  to  pre- 
ferve  their  iiici;  from  the  dangerous  in- 
fluence and  eficfts  of  the  p^-rti  ;nti,il  air 
of  that  ftrange  climate  •,  and  from  the 
barbarous  crucUics  of  the  treacherous  na- 
tivt.5:  but  thefe  adventurers  wanting  pro- 
per means  for  the  afo.efaid  purpolls,  and 
meeting  witli  fome  fevere  rebukes  upon 
that  account,  did  by  degrees  lay  afide  all 
thoughts  of  making  any  farther  attempt 
that  way. 

Whereupon  k'mgjamei  in  the  i6thyear 
of  his  reign,  granted  a  charter  under  the 
great  feal  of  England,  to  Sir  Robert  Rich, 
and  other  citizens  of  London  therein  men- 
tioned, togetiier  with  (iich  otiicr  perfons  as 
they  ihouki  think  fit,  to  affume  and  in- 
corporate into  one  body  politick,  for  raif- 
ing  a  joint  (lock,  to  carry  on  a  Trade  to 
Africk ;  and  that  exdufive  to  all  his  ma- 
jefty's  other  fubjcdts,  under  no  lefs  penalty 
than  the  forfeiture  of  both  Ihip  and  cargo, 
to  the  ufe  of  thofe  joint  adventurers  for 
their  encouragement. 

But  fcarce  had  that  infant  company  of 
joint  adventurers  made  the  experiment  of 
two  or  three  fevcral  voyages,  when  (bme 
other  private  merchants  envying  their  fellow 
citizens  apparent  view  of  fuccefs,  would  alfo 
needs  try  their  fortunes,  by  interloping 
clandedinely  upon  the  fame  coall ;  upon 
difcovery  whereof  fome  difputts  arofe  be- 
tween them  and  the  company,  whicli  pro- 
ceeding foon  after  to  an  open  rupture, 
the  coini>iny  infilled  upon  the  jiriviieges 
of  tlicir  charter  ■,  the  otliers  on  their  natu- 
ral right :  and  both  parties  at  lall  growing 
weary  of  fuclv -debates,  as  well  is  of  their 
mutual  lolTes,  witlidrew  the  IliatterM  re- 
miinsof  their  feveral  .indrelpcelive  (locks  -, 
bv  which  means  that  trade  was  again 
wholly  negkiled  for  fome  vears. 
V  o  L.   v. 


In  the  mean  time  fome  other  European 
nations,  but  more  efpech.i!^  die  Dutch, 
dill  purfuing  their  dcf  gn  oi'  fixing  and 
fecuring  to  themfelves  the  trade  of  Africk, 
by  cultivating  a  frienddiip  with  the  natives, 
building  of  forts,  and  fettling  of  fadories 
on  the  coalls  of  Guinea,  and  by  fupplant- 
ing  the  Portuguezes,  who  were  fettled  long 
before  them  :  Some  of  our  moll  intelli- 
gent mcrrhants  reprelented  the  fame  to 
king  Charles  I.  as  alfo  the  confequences 
which  the;  thought  might  naturally  attend 
the  fupine  negledl  of  that  trade.  Where- 
upon his  majedy  did,  in  the  feventh  year 
of  his  reign,  grant  a  new  charter  under  the 
great  feal  of  England,  to  Humphrey  Slaney, 
Nicholas  Crijp  and  company,  with  fuch 
ample  privileges,  exclufions,  prohibitions 
and  penalties,  as  in  the  former  charter 
were  contain'd ;  which  lad  charter  was,  in 
the  year  1651,  confirm'd  and  exempli- 
fy'd  to  Rowland  fVilfon  and  company,  by 
the  governing  power  at  that  time. 

But  confidering  the  many  convulfive 
fits  and  didraftions  which  in  thofe  days 
embroil'd  and  confounded  the  govern- 
ment both  of  church  and  date  through- 
out this  ifland,  we  need  not  wonder  that 
our  trade  to  Afriik  fell  at  the  fame  time  in- 
to very  great  diforders ;  fortheunrellrain'd 
liberty  which  interlopers  aflum'd  for  trad- 
ing as  they  pleas'd,  without  any  regard  to 
the  rights  of  the  company,  ict  them  and 
the  company  together  by  the  ears  ;  and 
then  the  Dutch  and  Danijh  companies  lay- 
ing hold  of  the  opportunity  which  our 
domedick  commotions  and  divifions  did 
adminider  to  their  advantage,  they  in- 
creafed  the  number  of  their  forts,  fado- 
ries  and  (hips  of  war  on  the  coaft  of 
Africk ;  by  which  they  not  only  encou- 
rag'd,  advanc'd  and  defended  their  own 
trade  and  navigation,  but  alfo  wholly  ob- 
dru6ted  tiiat  of  their  neighbours ;  info- 
much,  that  befides  demolifhing  the  forts, 
and  quite  ruining  the  dock  of  that  com- 
pany, they  took  the  (hips  and  goods  of 
other  private  Englijh  traders  to  the  value  of 
about  300000  /.  asappear'd  by  their  Peti- 
tions to  the  parliament,  after  tiie  redau- 
ration  of  king  Charles  II. 

How  far  tliefe  lodes  were  any  ways  con- 
fiJcr'd  or  repaired  by  tliat  parliament,  I 
know  not-,  but  upon  a  repiefeniation 
S  G  made 


m^ 


ii'i. 


;l!!il 


I 


'i 


i'X 


r 


I-H' 


666 


An  Account  of  the  Rife  and  Progrefs 


& 


m.ul'-'  toon  after  to  king  Charles  II.  that 
the  BiitiJ/j  p'  '.ntations  in  Americit  were  by 
degrees  Advancing  to  fuch  a  condition  as 
ncccniiriiy  rcquircil  a  greater  yearly  fup- 
ply  of  fervants  and  labourers,  than  could 
DC  well  faired  from  hence,  without  the 
danger  of  depopulating  his  n'.ajefty's  na- 
tive dominions  ;  his  majefty  did,  for  the 
fupplying  of  thofe  plantations  with  Blacks, 
publii-kly  invite  all  his  fubjeds  to  fubfcribe 
to  a  new  joint  (lock,  for  recovering  and 
carrying  on  the  trade  to  jifrkk  ;  and  the 
then  defign'd  fubfcription  being  compleat- 
ed  accordingly,  his  majeftydid,  in  the  year 
1662,  grant  a  new  charter  to  the  fubfcrib- 
ers  of  that  joint  (lock,  by  the  name  of  tne 
Company  of  Royal  Adventurers  of  England 
for  carrying  on  a  trade  to  Africk ;  with  the 
lamo  exclulions,  prohibitions,  penalties, 
forfeitures  and  immunities,  which  were 
contain'd  in  the  feveral  charters  formerly 
mention'd  *. 

But  fcarce  had  that  new  company  put 
themfelves  into  a  condition  of  trading, 
when  a  war  breaking  out  w.  '*  the  ftates 
of  Holland  in  the  year  1664,  tne  Diiicb, 
who  feldom  or  never  negleftcd  the  taking 
hold  of  ai;)-  opportunity  for  engrofTing  to 
themfelves  03  much  as  they  could  of  ei- 
ther that  or  .uiy  other  beneficial  trade, 
did,  in  the  very  beginning  of  the  war,  fend 
orders  to  their  admiral  de  R:;yer,  lying 
then  :U  Gibraltar  with  a  fquadron  of  thir- 
teen men  of  war,  to  fail  for  the  coaft  of 
Guinea.,  and  to  fet  upon  the  Ei  -'ijl  there  ; 
■which  he  fo  elTcdtually  perform'd,  that  in 
the  year  1665,  he  not  only  deftroy'd  moft 
t>f  their  faclorics,  took  Cormentvi  Cufitt, 
V  (oravj  Fort,  and  the  other  places  on 
tliat  coaft,  but  likewife  feifed  on  feveral 
fhipr.  and  goods  belonging  to  the  Eiiglifh 
company,  infomuch  that  their  lofs  there- 
by was  computed  ar  above  200000  /.  b--- 
which  means  tli.ir  company's  ftock  was  io 
mu(  h  reduced,  that  they  v/ere  quite  dif- 
courj|;'d,  as  well  as  dilitbled,  from  making 
any  farther  confiderable  efforts  for  retriev- 
"nf.;  and  carrying  on  tiiat  trade  to  any  pur- 
pofe,  withou,.  Ibme  new  help. 

WhereujKin  his  majejly  confiderin;^,,  that 
ii:e  faid  trade  was  in  immin-n*  dnngc-  of 
being  wholly  \o[\  to  the  n.rJop,  nnd  rm- 
ceiving,  th.;t  the  eftablifli'rr;^  a  mcv  com- 
pany, und  a  new  ftock,  upo!  furr^i. ■.!';?  of 
the  former  company's  chartc! ,  would  bf 
the  moft  effectual  means  for  recovfii'ig 
and  carrying  on  that  trade,  did,  in  the 
year  1671,  publickly  invite  all  his  f<jbj('^h 
refiding  in  foreign  plantations,  as  will  as 
here  at  home,  to  fubfi  r.l)e  v;hat  funis  i  ;cy 
pUafeil  towards  carryinj'  an  the  atbrci.  id 
trade;  and  thereupon  many  of  the  nobi- 
lity, gentry  and  men   .uits  having,  in  the 


compafs  of  nine  months,  fubfcribed  and 
compleated  their  defign'd  ftock  j  his  ma- 
jerty  granted  a  new  charter  in  the  year 
1C72,  to  thofe  new  fubfcribcrs,  diifiii- 
guilh'd  by  the  denomination  of  the  Royal 
African  Company  of  England ;  with  the 
fame  exclufions  and  privileges  which  the 
former  company  had  :  it  being  previoufty 
ftipulated,  that  out  of  this  laft  ftock,  l"a- 
iisfaftion  fhould  be  given  to  the  former 
company,  for  the  eltlmated  value  of  the 
remains  of  fuch  caftles,  forts  and  fettle- 
mcnts,  as  were  then  in  their  pofleflion  on 
the  coaft  of  Africk:  which,  was  done  ac- 
cordingly. 

The  trade  of  Guinea  being  thus  fettled 
again,  and  carried  on  by  the  uniform  in- 
fluence, diredlion  and  management  of  a 
fociety  of  perfons,  who  had  the  counte- 
nance and  protedtion  of  the  government 
at  that  time ;  they  introduced  and  encou- 
raged the  making  of  feveral  forts  of  wool- 
len, and  other  goods,  proper  for  the  trjidc 
of  Guinea,  not  formerly  manufaftur'd  in 
Enghu'-'.,  and  reduc'd  the  muking  thereof 
to  a  rtaple  and  fettled  goodnefs;  they 
exported  yearly  above  feventy  thciufand 
pounds  worth  of  the  faid  woollen,  and 
other  manufaftures  5  and  gave  far  be'tur 
prices  for  the  fame,  than  what  ufually  is 
now  given  for  the  like  •,  they  furnilh'd  the 
weftcrn  plantations  with  frequent  fupplics 
of  confidcrable  numbers  of  flavcs,  at  very 
moderate  rates  ;  and  in  fo  encouraging  a 
manrcr,  that  they  fomet.-its  trufted  the 
plnnteis  to  the  value  of  a  nundred  thou- 
iand  pounds  and  upwards,  till  they  could 
conveniently  pay  the  fame;  they  imported 
befide,  el'nhant-leelb,  red-wood,  and  other 
goods,  fit  fcr  being  mnnufadlur'd  at  home ; 
luich  quanritics  oi  goid-ilujl  from  the  coaft 
of  Africk,  that  they  frequently  corn'd 
thirty,  forty,  or  fifty  thoufand  guineas  at 
a  time,  with  the  elephant  on  them,  for  a 
mark  of  diftinccion,  and  in  efj'cft  they 
managed  nianers  fo,  is  that,  for  feverai 
years  fucceftlvely,  that  trade  did  not  only 
produce  an  annun'l  dividend  of  certain  pro- 
fits to  all  the  particular  adventurers  in  the 
joint  ftock,  b>  fidean  increafe  of  their  capi- 
tal ;  but  alfo  feveral  other  publick  ar^d 
national  advantages  to  the  whole  king- 
dom, and  the  BritifJj  plantations  in  ge- 
neral. 

But  fomc  time  after  the  late  revolution, 
('•^  Tui  private  traders,  then  properly  call- 
1.  u  interlopers,  afTuming  again  a  liberty  ot 
tradin;^  fi  parately  to  Africk,  without  any 
regafii  10  the  company's  charter,  tew  or 
none  ot  them  had  any  otht'r  confideration 
in  view,  than  barely  the  ready  difpofal  ot 
al'  luch  rargoes  as  tliey  carried  along  with 
them,  no  matter  to  whom  or  which  way, 

and 


jV»//,  The  AfrUin  Qi,r.p<in^'\  Patent  contiiiis  iruti  the  Stnigbtt  mguih,   (0  the  Capi  -J'  (Jasi-btfi. 


If 


"^  J 


of  our  Trade  to  Africa. 


667 


It 


bribed  anJ 
k  v  his  ma- 
n  the  year 
crs,  dillui- 
f  the  Royil 
with  the 
which  the 
;  previoiifly 

I  ftock,  la- 
the former 
■alue  of  the 

and  fettle - 
ofienion  on 
as  done  ac- 

thus  fettled 
uniform  in- 
;ement  of  a 
the  countc- 
govcrninerit 
and  cncou- 
)rts  of  wnol  - 
for  the  trsde 
ufaftur'd  in 
iking  thereof 
ducfs ;    they 
ty   thoufand 
oollen,    and 
/e  far  be'tcr 
lat  ufually  is 
furnifh'd  the 
jent  fupplics 
ives,  at  very 
iGouraging  a 
i  trufted  the 
indred  thou- 

II  they  could 
hey  imported 
1^,  and  other 
ir'd  at  home ; 
om  the  coaft 
entiy  coin'd 
id  guineas  at 

them,  for  a 
,  cflcft  they 
c,  for  feveral 
did  noc  only 
r  certain  pro- 
iturers  in  the 
of  their  capi- 
publick  ar^d 
wliole    kin"- 


te  revolution, 

roperly  call- 

n  a  liberty  ot 

witliout  any 

arti-T,  few  or 

confidcration 

.ly  dil'pofal  of 

.•d  along  with 

)r  which  way, 

and 


antl    the  fpccdy  procuring  of  Blacks,   or 
any  otluT  commodities  which  they  could 
get  on  that  co.ill,  whetiitr  by  purchafe  or 
othcrwifc,  fo  as  not  to  ftay  long  tiierc:  for 
accomplifliing  oi'  which  dtfign  th'y  iluck 
at  nothing;  but  were  too  frequently  guil- 
ty of  fuci»  fuiiftcr  prafticcs,  as  proved  not 
only  very  injurious  to  the  private  intcreft  of 
the  company,  but  likewifcdifgraccful  and 
pernicious  to  the  BritiJJj  interclt  in  general 
among   the   natives ;    infomuch    that  the 
company's  agents  were  frequently  oblig'd 
to  vindicate  the  company,  by  making  the 
natives   llnfible,    that  they  were  none  of 
the  company's  fhijis  or  fcrvants.     And  as 
the    impunity  of  fuch  practices   did   en- 
courage the  authors  to  perfevcre  for  Ibme 
lime  in   fuch  like  courfes ;  fo  others  tak- 
ing thiir  views  and  meafures  from  the  feem- 
ing  fucc^'s  of   the  former,    without   any 
regard   to  tlie  confequenccs  of  trading  in 
that  maiiiicr,  join'd  in  an  out-cry  againll 
the  privileges  of  the  company,  as  a  mono- 
jioly   iiiconfiitent  with  the  liberty  of  the 
fubjt  Jt,  and  not  eflablifh'd  by  aft  of  par- 
liament;   and   that  therefore  they  would 
cxercife  their  natural  right  of  trading  to 
jifrick,  as  will  as  the  company. 

Thus  they  went  on  for  fome  time ;  and 
to  give  tlie  more  colourable  title  to  fuch 
their  proceedings,  they  never  fail'd  to 
magnify  and  improve  any  accidental  lofs 
or  misfortune  which  happened  to  the  com- 
jwny,  during  the  late  war;  as  if  that  had 
been  the  natural  efl'edl  of  trading  by  a 
joint  ftock ;  infomuch,  that  whofoever 
could  contrive  the  moft  efll'dtual  methods 
for  lertcning  die  company's  credit  and  in- 
tcreft, cither  at  home  or  abroad,  whether 
by  dctraftion  or  othcrwife,  was  among 
them  accounted  the  braveft  adventurer. 

Nor  were  the  agents  of  other  nations, 
particularly  thofe  of  the  Dutch  Weft-India 
Co?iipiiiiy,  ever  wanting  in  cherifhing,  upon 
all  occafions,  the  authors  and  fomenters  of 
any  divifioiis  in  the 'ifM/Z/y  intereft:  on  the 
coail  of  Guinea  ;  but  endeavoured  with  all 
their  art  and  skill,  to  make  (uch  imiirove- 
ments  tiiertof,  as  they  thought  might  belt 
fcrve  their  cuds  with  the  natives  upon 
that  coaft. 

Whereupon,  after  long  forbearance,  the 
company  at  lail  addrels'd  the  parliament 
by  petition  for  relief:  but  fome  other,-,  at 
the  fame  lime,  alledging  very  confidently, 
that  if  the  trade  to  /IJ'nck  were  laid  open 
to  all  fuch  perfons  as  had  a  mind  to  trade 
thither,  the  fame  would  not  only  be  more 
agreeable  to  the  natural  liberty  of  the  fub- 
jeft,  but  alio,  that  thereby  feveral  new 
ilifcoveries  would  l,:-  made,  many  piaccs 
then  unknown  tradeil  to,  much  greater 
quantities  of  the  lin^.ijh  manuladures  cx- 


would  be  furnifli'd  with  (laves  in  greater 
numbers,  and  at  cheaper  rates,  than  could 
be  expected  from  the  company  alone.  By 
which  alluring  fuggeftions,  and  plaufible 
pretences,  the  parliament  was,  in  the  year 
1697,  induced  to  make  an  experiment,  by 
giving  pcrniiftion  to  all  perfons  whatfoever, 
as  well  as  the  company,  to  trade  to  Africk, 
for  the  term  and  fpace  of  thirteen  years  ; 
they  paying  to  the  company  a  duty  of  ten 
per  cent,  towards  defraying  the  charges 
of  their  forts  and  caftles,  ibr  the  defence 
and  prefervation  of  that  trade  to  the  na- 
tion. 

The  company  in  the  following  chapter 
gives  an  account  ot  the  progrefs  of  the 
trade  to  Africk,  fince  the  year  1697,  and  a 
view  of  the  ftate  thereof,  which  I  Ihall 
briefly  abftrad. 

The  novelty  of  laying  the  trade  to  y^hV/^ 
open  by  aft  of  parliament,  fays  the  com- 
pany, induced  many  to  trade  thither,  who 
foon  repented  it.     Page  8. 

Several  particular  abufes  are  reprefented 
as  committed  by  the  Icparate  traders.  Ibid. 
The   Dutch  Company's  agent  c.TJole  the 
private  traders,    and  inftigate   the  natives 
again  It  the  Royal  African  Company.  Pageq. 
The  Royal  African  Company  raife  and  ad- 
vance 180000  /.  of  additional  ftock.  Jbid. 
The  natives  advance  the  price  of  ftaves, 
and  beat  down  the  prices  of  our  BriliJ!j 
manufaftures;  the  merchant  impoles  theft: 
flaves  on  the  planters  at  exorbitant  rates  ; 
and  the  planters  muft  advance  the  prices  ol 
fugars,  6ff.     Page  10. 

In  the  year  1707,  the  Royal  African 
Company  petitioned  the  qjecn  to  recom- 
mend their  cafe  to  the  lords  commiflioncrs 
for  trade  and  plantations,  who  prepar'd  a 
report  thereupon.     Page  1 1. 

That  report  was  laid  afide  -,  but  copies 
of  it  being  fprcad  abroad,  fmifter  ules, 
fays  the  f9w/>rt«y,  were  made  thereof.  IMd. 
The  third  chapter  contains  a  deteftion 
of  the  falfe  notion  inculcated  by  the  fep.i- 
rate  traders ;  with  a  continuation  of  the 
ftate  of  the  African  trade. 

The  fourth,  Some  confiderations  on  the 
nature  and  uncommon  circumftances  of  the 
African  trade. 

The  fifth  chapter  has  fome  arguments, 
fliewing  that  the  conftitution  of  the  Turkey 
company  pleaded  by  feparate  traders,  or 
any  other  regulated  open  trade,  cannot  be 
fiiited  to  the  nature  and  circumftances  of 
the  trade  to  Africk. 

The  Jixlb  brings  feveral  arguments  to 
prove  that  the  trade  to  Africk.  cannot  be 
preierv'dand  carry'd  on  eftedlually  by  any 
other  method  than  that  of  a  coniiderablc 
joint  ftock,  with  cxclufive  privileges. 
The  fcventh  lays  down  fome  popular  ob- 


).l 


(L^1 


i 
Ml;- 


m 


'■■\' 


portetl  ol  courfe i  and  that  the  plantai.ons    jeftions  againll  fettling  and  cairyuig  on 

2  the 


^1, 


m 


liilU'i 


668  jIn  Accoml  of  the  Rife  and  Trogrejs,  &c. 


IS 


ii.l.i 


the  tri.lc  to  jifrick  by  an  exclufive  joint 
hock,  l.iirly  rtatcd  and  anfwer'd. 

The  ri^hth  contains  ionie  realons  hiiin- 
bly  olfcr'd  tor  committing  the  ni.in.i{',r- 
mcnt  of  the  African  trade,  to  the  Koyil 
African  Corn[<anj\  as  having  an  equitable 
claim  to  it  preferable  to  that  of  any  other 
prcreniler. 

At  the  conclufion  of  theft;  refledions, 
p.  ly.  the  company  brinj^s  in  an  cfHmate  of 
the  ciiarge  of  building  the  tbirleen  forts, 
caftlcs  and  faflories,  they  have  artiially 
eretilcd,  and  maintain  on  the  coalt  ol 
north  and  fouth  Guinea,  viz.  James  Fort 
in  Gambia,  and  Sherhrow  Fort  in  nortli 
Guinea,  Dickie's  Cove,  Succundee,  Com- 
mendo.  Cape  Corj'o  Cajlie^  Fort  Royal  An- 
tiifiiam,  Annamahoe,  A^a,  U'inmbab,  Ac- 
crh,  and  M''bich'>  in  foutii,  or  Guinea  fro- 
fria,  with  th'?  mber  of  men,  and  ihc 
time  reqiiifitc  for  building  of  them. 

The  coni[>any  adds,  that  as  to  materials 
for  building,  there  are  to  be  had  i"  Gui- 
nea oytler  lliells  to  make  lime,  iho'  bought 
of  the  natives  at  great  rates  i  as  alfo  tim- 
ber and  planks:  But  out  of  l.urope  is  car- 
ry'd  lead,  tarras,  iron-work,  provilion, 
ftorcs,  and  all  other  necelfaries ;  as  alio 
artificers  of  all  forts,  with  working  tools, 
fcfc  The  continual  charge  wliereof,  with 
'hat  of  tranfport  ftiips,  and  the  neeiiful 
■.ecruits  of  men  to  fupply  the  places  witli 
fuch  confiderablc  numbers  as  commonly 
die  there,  by  reafon  of  the  contagioufnefs 
of  the  climate,  together  with  the  expence 
of  great  guns,  I'mall  arms,  ammunition, 
fjff.  mull  needs  amount  to  very  great  funis 
of  money,  far  exceeding  the  150000/. 
at  which  the  company  very  rnoderatvly,  as 
is  there  faid,  ellimated  their  nrelcni  torts 
and  fettlements,  as  the  fou  .'ation  of  a 
new  I'ubfcription  •,  provided  tlv  wildomof 
the  parliament  think  tit  now  to  fettle  the 
trade  to  Ajrick,  upon  the  foot  of  a  con- 
ftitution  fuitable  to  the  nature  and  circum- 


ftances  tiiercoi.  It  fays  farther,  In  mak- 
ing an  cdiinate  of  the  charges  of  tiwle 
forts,  regard  niull  be  iiad  to  the  having 
about  600  officers  and  foKliers  for  man- 
ning them,  200  artificers  of  all  forts,  be- 
tides labourers,  for  keeping  them  in  repair, 
and  four  or  five  vefleis  conflantly  on  the 
coallv  ftibfervient  ro  the  aforcfiid  ends. 

All  this  concludes  with  tome  general 
reflections  on  the  damiiges  accrued  to  the 
company,  by  theprefent  war  with  France; 
as  liktwife  i)y  means  of  feparite  traders 
abroad,  un.ler  the  denomination  of  pirates^ 
I'uaanecrs,  ifJerlopers,  and  fuch  like:  the 
under-hand  dialings  of  the  oilier  European 
nations  fettleil  at  the  coafl  of  Guinea,  but 
more  efpecially  the  Dutch,  and  the  crafti- 
nefsot  tiie  native  Blacks.  And  finally,  the 
company  faith,  tiiat  from  the  foregoing 
accidents  and  occurrences,  opportunity 
and  importunity  have  made  many  rogues 
anil  thieves  in  their  tlrvice  tor  twelve  years 
part  ;  feveral  of  their  fervants  having  been 
tempted  to  prove  treacherous  to  the  trult 
repob'd  in  tiiem,  being  feduc'd  and  de- 
bauch'd  by  temptation  .md  example,  with 
an  afiiirance  of  impunity,  without  regard 
to  rules  ot  Cl.'rijfianity,  or  morality,  every 
one  doing  what  tecmeth  good  in  his  own 
eyes  ;  not  only  tranfporting  their  pertons, 
but  alio  fuch  of  the  company's  etfedts  as 
they  call'd  their  own,  and  altering  the 
property  thereoi  in  fuch  manner,  that  the 
company  can  fcarcely  ever  expcd  to  get 
any  fair  or  tolerable  account  of  them,  and 
commonly  picking  groundlefs  quarrels  with 
the  company,  as  a  pretence  for  not  adjuft- 
ing  or  clearing  witii  them  :  lb  that  indeed 
the  company  concludes  they  can  have  no 
hoju'sof  everraifing  their  head  again,  fince 
their  flock  is  aftually  told  and  bought 
daily  at  three  per  cent,  nor  the  trade  of 
tlourifhing,  but  by  fome  uniform  manage- 
ment, under  the  happy  intiuence  and  pro- 
tedtion  ot  the  queen  and  parliament. 


A  RE- 


A    RELATION   of 


A     JOURNEY 


T     O 


CONSTANTINOPLE; 


Giving  an  Account  of  divers  Occurrences ;  how  far  the  King  of 
/yw^i/^^'s  Commifllon  was  executed  there;  asalfoof  theStite 
of  the  Turkijb  Monarchy  at  that  time,  being  a  Report  made 
to  tlic  moft  Potent  Prince, 

CHARLES  GUSTAVUS 


King  of  the  Swedes,   Goths,  and  Vandals. 

B    Y 

His  faithful  Servant  and  Subjedt  Nicholas  Rolamb,  Baron  of  Bx/laJ, 
Lord  of  Lamia,  Broo,  Biorkiviik,  Beatalumi  and  'fraan-nos,  his  Majefty's 
Trufty  Senator,  Counfellor,  and  Prefident  of  his  Court  of  Jufticc  of  Gothia 
at  yonkioping,  formerly  Envoy  Extraordinary  to  the  Ottoman  Porte. 

Tranflated  from  the  Copy  printed  in  Simedip  at  S  t  o  c  k  h  o  l  m. 


M 


RE- 


V  o  I..  \ 


8  II 


THE 


i 

m 


ii: 


W' 


t  T  II  K 

Author's  PREFACE. 

THE  repuiat'wn  and  cflccm  which  your  Majcjly's  hereditary 
kingdom  of  Swcilcn  hath  ohtaiifd^  by  the  lung  war  in  Ger- 
many, and  by  the  conqiieJJs  made  in  it,  have  flirrcd  up 
the  envy  of  the  chiefej]  Primes  in  iiirojic,  Jo  that  they  hare  let  flip 
no  opportunity  to  diPurh  its  rejl  and  peaceable  flate^  and  to  trouble, 
it  both  from  within  and  without  with  many  difficulties  \  but  chiefly 
they  were  jealous  of  feeing  the  government  o/"  Sweden  in  your  Ma- 
jeflys  bands^  whofe  valour  they  had  before  felt  in  Germany  to  their 
forrow ;    ami  now   again  mufl  look  upon  your  Majeflys  vifiorious 
arms  in  the  kingdom  of  Poland   with  anger  and  envy,     Ihey  alfo 
have   raifed  againfl  your  Majefly  the  huuje  of  Aiillria,  the  PopCy 
and  other  new  enemies ;  and  not  only  meddled  with  the  affairs  of 
Poland,  but  alfo  endeavoured  to  i/fpire  all  neighbouring  Princes^ 
even  the  Ottoman  Porte,  wii'nwrofig  notions  of  your  Muj.flys  a&i~ 
onSf  which  was  the  more  eafyjor  them  to  do,  becatfc  the  report  of 
your  Majefly' s  great  progrejfe'  in  Poland  were  already  fufpeBed  by 
the  Ottoman  Porte,  on  account   of  its  bordering  on  that  country, 
and  therefore  fearing  your  Majejiys  too  great  power.     To  prevent 
thefe  afid  other  inconveniencies,  and  ta  make  an  end  of  the  dijfe- 
rences  with  Poland,  for  the  glory  of  your  Majefly  and  your  domi- 
nions, as  alfo  for  the  Jecurity  of  the  proteflant  religion  (fince  your 
Majefly  was  obliged  to  enter  into  alliances  with  foreign  Princes  that 
were  in  its  intcrefl,  efpccially  with  the  Prince  o/"rianfylvania,  a?ui 
with   the   Cofaks,  to   remo-je  all  the  mijtrujl  the  Ottoman  Porte 
might  have  of  your  Majefys  fuacfs  in  Poland,  to  the  end  that  that 
potetit  oriental  empire  might  ?iot  obflruSl  the  forefaid  Princes,  or, 
as  it  appeared  to  be  deftgnd,  might  not  tarry  any  forces  into  Po- 
land, and  fo  take  an  advantage  againfl  the  Chriftians,  by  weaken- 
ing their  power  there)  your  Majefly  fent  an  cmbajfy  *  to  the  Otto- 
man Porte ;  a/id  having  been  pleajed  to  jnake  ufe  oj  my  perfon  in 
this  bufinej's,  my   duty  requires  to  give  a  full  account,  as  well  of 
what  happen  d  upon  my  journey  to  and  from  a  place  fo  far  diflant, 
as  how  the  affairs  were  executed,  and  in  what  cojidition  I  foimd 
the  Ottoman  empire.     All  which  is  mofl  humbly  /   fented  to  your 
Majefly  in  the  following  lines. 

•  A^.  B.  The  occafion  of  this  embafiy,  witli  fevcral  othi-r  (:ir<.iiniil.uv.'Cf;  rclmi'-y  to 
tlic  hillory  of  the  negotiation  itielf,  niiy  be  Icci  more  at  laryc  in  Pu^'auiorf  dc  rebui  a 
CarotoCjuJiavQ  Sueviet  liege  gejlis,  lib.  iii.  (ect.  71.  and),  iv.  l.ft.  2j. 

A  RE- 


(<57i  ) 


A    RELATION   of 


E. 


A    JOURNEY 


icrcJitary 
r  in  Gcr- 
Jincd  up 
\re  let  Jlip 
to  trouble, 
hut  chiejly 
your  Ma- 
ly  to  their 
viSiorious 
Ihey  alfo 
the  Pope, 
affairs  of 
'(T  Princes, 

\jiys  am- 

report  of 
ufpeSlcd  Of 
'■t  country. 
To  prevent 
■  the  (liffe- 
our  domi- 
fuice  your 
nncci  that 
k/^ania,  and 
nan  Porte 
I  that  that 
rificesi  or, 
into  Po- 
')y  Tz-eakcn- 
the  Otto- 
perfon  in 
as  well  of 
ir  dijlanty 
I  foufid 
i  to  your 


^    Itl.lM'V!,  to 

orj  dc  rehui  a 

A  RE- 


T     O 


CONSTANTINOPLE,  &c. 


WniiREA'     your  m,ii<-fty   in 
the  month    .\  September  \6r,G, 
being  near  hrauenburg  in  Pruf- 
J'la,   liilpatchcii  inc   with  your 
gi.icious  comnwrnis,  th.it  I  fhouKl  wait  at 
Stetin  for  your  majilly's  tiirthcr    orders  -, 
likcwife  for  tho  anlwer  of  Mr.  Kley,  your 
maifftyVs  rtTuicnt  at  the  Unman  emperor's 
court,    concerning  tlie  p.ilipori  your  ma- 
jefty  had  defircd  for  me  ot  the  faid  empe- 
ror, I  w.as  obliged   to  tarry  at  Stclin  for 
thefe  and  uiher  reafons  bell  known  to  your 
zziV  Fibr.  majefty,till  the  zz**  of  I'diru  iry  1657.  1  hen 
1657.     -    ■'■  .  .     .      .     , 


Report 
concern- 
ing thij 
journejr. 


1  fet  out  with  the  Beriin  jKiit  at  eigiir  a 
clock  in  the  evening  i  ,iiul  bccaufe  my  Hay 
at  StetiH  had  occafionctl  a  general  report, 
that    your  majcfty  was  feuding  me  to  the 
Porte  i  and  yet  it  being  very  neceffary  for 
me   to  travel  incognito,     if  I   would    pafs 
through  the  emperor's  dominions,    they 
ufing  their  utmoft  endeavours  to   knov/ 
when  I  would  fet  out,  and  which  way  I 
would  take,  fince  not  long  before,  a  gentle- 
man of  the  eledtoral  court  at  DrejUen,  iiad 
fhewn    to  one  of  your   majerty's  ofliccrs, 
viz.  lieutenant  colonel  Tiiiili,  a  letter  dated 
at  Stetin,  in  which  my  perfon  ami  itature 
were  defcribcd,  and  the  time  of  my  depar- 
prudently  ture  named  :   I  gave  out  eight  days  before 
provided    my  felting  out,    that  your   majefty    had 
ajjinll.      j-gnj   {-Q,.  ,„^   to  come  to  Prujjui,  in  order 
to  fend  me  that  way  through  Poland  ;  fo 
no  body,  even  my  own  fervants,  knew  no 
better,  than  that  I  went  to  Pruffia,  except 
the  government  ot  Pomerania,   of  whom 
I  took  a  paflport  asa  iludent,  with  which 
I   could   pafs  through    the   cities  in  Ger- 
many    From  Berlin  1  went  with  {\k Leip- 
zig poll  through  ff^'itteniierg,  where  I   nut 
with  two  Swed'.Oj  fludents,    that  were  at 
table  with  me  where  I  lodg'd,  but  wearing 
a  black  perriwig,  I  was  unknown  10  them. 
At  Leipzig  I  llayed  one  day  10  receive  tlie 
money  I    had    ordered     to    be    remitted 
me  from  Hamburg  hither  for  my  journey  : 
here  I  alfo  provided  myklt  with  a  paf'i- 
port  of  the  commandant  of  the   garrilbn, 
to  whom  I   gave  mylelt  out  to  be  a  Ifu- 
dcnt,  that  had  lluJieil  a  while  .\t  icZ/z;^, 


and  was  now  refolved  to  fee  otiier  places  Rot.*""- 
in  Germany.     Th's  pafTport  was  afterwards  >'V^-' 
of  great  ufe  to  me  in  Bohemia  and  Jiijlria. 
It  was  very   troublefome  at   this  time  to 
travel,  the  rouls  being  lb  very  deep,  that 
often  the  waggons  lluck  in  the  eliy,   and 
we  y/erv  obliged  to  draw  them  out  with  .1 
great   ileal  of  paifis,    which  continued  till 
we   reach'd  Vienna.     Although  my    right 
way  was  to  go  to  Drrden,    yet  I  would 
not  venture  to  pafs  through  tiiat  place,  by 
rcafon  of  the  Itrift  inquiry  made  tliere,  and 
the   inforniaiion  they  already  had  of  my 
coming,  but  went  within  Ibmcwhat  Ids  t'.ian 
a  mile  of  it,   to  a  town  called  Serkoivilz  ; 
from  whence  I  fent  my  ferv.pit  to  Dirjl.'m,  Confe- 
to  Mr.  Sleen  Biehkc,   and  acqu.iin'od  '.lini  rvncc  wiili 
of  my  arrival,  who  in  the  morning  j  ime 


2;  Fib' 
Birliv. 


28  Ftkr. 


Mr.  Stftit 


H' 


'iie  n 
,'Jin, 


to  mc  ;  and  after  a  fliort  conference  with 
him,   I  purfued  my  journey,  turning   on 
the   left    hand  about  the  city,  to  a  terry 
call'd  Lofchewitz,  where  I  palled  over  the 
river  Elbe,  and  fhould   have  gone  the  di- 
reft  road  to  Pima.     Hut  the  coinmandant 
of  Drcfden  having   ..lib   command   there, 
and  for  fear  of  being  difcovcred,  I  turned 
on  my  right  hand  to  a  market  town  i.ill'd 
Dobna;    afterwards  I  follow'd  the  dirce^ /},;•,,  a 
road  to  Praag,    Igeluw    and    P'iciiria.     In  in.ukct 
Bohemia  and  Moravia  I  was  in  Ibme  dan-  '"wn. 
gcr   of  being   attack'd    by   highwaymen, 
that  keep  in   the  forells,  and  in  their  Ian. 
guage  arc  called  Pelro/iky:  befides  thefe, 
the  foldiers  that  were  ijuarter'd  thereabouts, 
robbed  the  travellers  in  th'.'  country,  and 
loniniitted  great  violence.     Both  forts  ap- 
pcar'd  to  us,    but  being  four  coaches  to- 
gether from  Praag,    and  all  well  arn-.eJ,  p,-,,,,^. 
they  liad  not  cour.igc  to  come  near   us  •, 
though  jull  before  they  had  tr.urdet'd  fome 
travellers;  and  again,  fome  of  them  had 
been  killed  by  other  travellers,  as  we  found 
in  palTing  by. 

I'he  i5>i'  of  M.ircb,  at  nine  a  clock  in  t^M.,". 
the   morning,    I  arrived    .it   i'ienna,    and  /'•■">«"• 
lodged  in  tlic  fuburlis,  in  an  inn  call'd  the 
Golden  lleece,  where  I  ftay'd  rill  aficr  din- 
ner,   after  which   1   changed  clothes-,    and 
went  into  the  city  unknown,  and  without 

any 


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TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4S03 


672 


A  Relation  of  a  Journey 


'^•:!^ 


in  ■: 
Mi  -.1 


SK 


?}ii 
^':^! 


81  f 


1^ 


KOLAMK. 

Concert 
with  Mr. 
KUy. 


any  cx.iminatiim,  as  if  1  had  b  en  no 
rtrangcr,  and  conccrrcd  with  Mr.  hU'j  the 
rcfidcnt  about  feme  necelHiry  alVairs  or 
other.  I  ftayed  in  his  houfe  with  one  fcr- 
vanc,  and  gave  niyfclf  out  to  be  Mr.Sleen 
BieUkc's  gentleman  of  the  horfe,  that  was 
fent  by  him  to  buy  fome  Hungarian  horfes: 
the  next  day  I  let  my  other  fervants  come 
into  the  city,  and  lodged  them  feparatcly, 
as  I  had  fent  notice  to  Mr.  Kky  before- 
hand of  my  coming  by  letters  from  Leip- 
zig and  Praag,  and  he  had  thereupon  wrote 
to  Jon.-ts  Midiiansky,  miniller  of  the  prince 
of  Tranfylvania,  about  an  honed  man  that 
might  conduft  me  to  him  •,  I  ftayed  three 
days  at  llenna  cxpefting  him  ;  but  he  not 
ig  Murib,  coming,  1  fet  out  for  Prejhiirg  the  ig'"*  of 
Preiiurg.  ]\4aieb,  being  holy  Thurjday^  under  the 
pretext,  that  1,  like  all  other  proteRants, 
was  come  on  account  of  the  approaching 
Eaftcr  holy-days  to  attend  my  devotion. 
I  alfo  got  thither  unperceived,  and  by  the 
help  of  two  proteltant  citizens,  named 
Michael  Schrembjler  and  Chrijlopher  Snolfchi, 
I  hired  a  coachman  to  Eferies,  who  did  not 
know  better,  than  that  I  was  a  merchants 
thofe  of  my  retinue  gave  themfelver  out  to 
be  alfo  either  merchants  or  tradefmen  ; 
and  for  the  better  difpatch,  I  was  obliged 
to  fee  Midnamk),  who  lived  in  a  city  call'd 
Betzkou,  that  lies  far  from  the  high  road 
to  Eperies :  To  prevent  my  coachman's  mif- 
trufting  any  thing,  I  told  him  I  had  by  a 
fervant  already  bargain'd  for  a  great  quan- 
tity of  leather  at  Ti\irjhia,  a  place  trading 
in  that  commotlity,  which  1  needs  mull 
fee  before  I  could  fend  it  to  i'ieniia,  which 
contented  him,  and  he  carried  me  whither 
I  would  go.  Half  a  mile  on  the  other  fide 
of  Ttniaw,  I  went  through  a  valley,  where 
a  merchant  from  Vienna  had  juft  before 
been  robb'd  of  5000  rixdollars,  ready 
money,  by  the  Hujfars,  who  alfo  appear'd 
to  us  -,  but  finding  us  arm'd  with  long 
guns,  let  us  go  in  peace.  When  I  was 
come  within  a  mile  of  Betzkou,  where 
prince  Ragotzky's  minirter  Midnansky  liv- 
ed, I  firrt  intended  to  go  only  with  one 
Hungarian  fervant  thither,  to  confer  with 
him  about  the  fecurity  of  my  voyage,  ac- 
cording to  direcflion  by  his  letter,  and  to 
leave  the  reft  of  my  retinue  behind  me  in 
the  village  Tfacbkowiiz,  wiiere  I  lodg'd  the 
night  before  at  an  anabaptill's,  and  was 
already  provided  with  horfes.  But  it  com- 
ing into  my  mind,  that  I  might  eafily 
meet  with  fome  Hujfars,  who  for  the  fake 
of  a  tolerable  fuic  of  clothes,  wliich  I 
wore,  and  the  cloak-bag,  in  wiiich  I  kept 
his  majefty's  orders,  and  which  I  never 
left  out  of  my  fight,  might  afliiult  me, 
and  thereby  his  majefty's  dcfign  be  hin- 
dred,  I  thought  it  the  fureft  way,  rather 
to  lofe  one  day's  journey,  Uian  co  hazard 


his  majefty's  orders  j  for  which  reafon  I  fent 
one  of  my  fervants  alone  with  a  letter  to 
Midnansky,  and  drefled  him  in  a  ragged 
Hungarian  coat ;  when  he  had  gone  about 
half  a  mile,  he  met  with  five  Huffars,  who, 
after  exchanging  a  few  words,  and  fcarching 
him,  but  finding  nothing,  let  him  go ;  fa 
that  I  had  good  luck  I  did  not  go  my  Iclf. 

Midnansky  fent  me  one  of  his  fervants, 
an  Hungarian,  that  ftiould  condudt  mc  to 
a  caftle  call'd  Roune,  belonging  to  prince 
Ragotzky,  where  Midnansky  defign'd  to 
meet  me  the  next  day  ;  becaufe  at  Betz- 
kou there  lived  feveral  Roman  catholicks 
that  were  in  the  emperor's  intereft,  and  that 
I  therefore  hardly  could  come  undifco- 
vered  thither,  nor  ftay  there.  When 
Midnansky's  fervant  arrived,  I  was  in  a 
worfe  condition  than  before,  becaufe  he 
underftood  no  other  language  than  Hunga- 
rian, and  my  coachman  being  curious  to 
fift  him,  I  took  him  afide,  and  by  figns 
made  him  underftand,  not  to  tell  where 
we  intended  to  go,  the  coachman  having 
already  perceived  that  I  defign'd  to  go  to 
Roune,  which  was  quite  out  of  his  way ; 
and  he  making  words  about  it,  I  could 
hardly  have  made  him  be  filent,  if  he  had 
not  been  a  Lutheran,  and  a  good  man : 
fo  that  at  laft  he  was  content. 

The  next  morning  after  I  was  arrived  at  H  March, 
Roune,  Midnansky  came  alfo  thither,   with  *^°"u'^li^ j 
whom  I  conferr'd  about  all  neceflaries  of  „^,j|^  '^S 
my  journey,  and  our  correfpondence.  And  bout  the 
the  Polifl)  crown  marlhal  Luhomirsky,  be-  journey 
ing  upon  the  road  to  Moran,    to  fee  the  ""^^  ^°''' 
Hungarian  palatin  and    chancellor,    who^jj^'^"", 
was  arrived  at  Eperies  from  prince  Ra- 
gotzky, in  order  to  go  from  thence  to  Vi- 
enna ;    fo  that  the  meeting  either  the  one 
or  the  other  wasalmoft  inevitable,  I  took  a 
paffport  of  Midnansky,  as  if  I  was  an  offi- 
cer by  him  taken  into  prince   Ragotzky's 
fervice,    to  make  ufe  of  it,   if  I   Ihould 
meet  the  chancellor ;  but  in  cafe  I  ftiould 
meet  Lubomirsky,  I  defign'd  to  pretend  to 
be  a   merchant,    who,  on  account  of  his 
trade,  was  going  to  Eperies. 

The  following  day,  I,  with  two  more, 
and  Midnansky's  fervant  that  ftioidii  go 
with  me  to  Zaros,  fet  out  on  horlcback  1 
my  other  fervants  and  baggage  went  the 
right  road,  with  whom,  for  the  better  fe- 
curity, Midnansky  had  alfo  fent  two  Hey 
ducks.  After  one  day  and  an  half's  jour- 
ney by  the  mountain  Faira,  which  is  3 
part  of  the  mountain  Carpathus,  I  came 
again  into  the  right  road,  where  I  found 
the  ordinary  poft.  The  way  between 
Roune  and  the  mentioned  poft,  went  along 
the  river  fVagb,  a  paflage  fo  terrible  to  Paffigc  by 
look  upon,  that  it  made  my  hair  ftand  on  the  river 
end  :  for  at  the  left  hand  was  a  precipice  '^/^^'' '"" 
many  fathoms  deep,  to  the  ftrand  of  the  [^ok^Jln, 

river 


2  J  Afjrih. 


to  Conftaiitinopl 


e. 


6  J  7, 


ived  at  ^4  March, 


river,  and  at  the  right  hand  fiiarp  and 
hi{^h  rocks,  and  the   w.iy  ittllt   very  nar- 
row.    To   get   over   the  inount.iin   latrii 
was  very  troLihlefome,    it  being  not  only 
extraordinary   Ueep    and  high,    viz.    halt" 
a  German  mile    uj),   and   fo  much   down 
again,  but  alio   covered  with  ice,  fo  that 
we  were  obliged  to  climb  up  on  our  hands 
and  feet. 
ibmnh,      i„  J  market  town   called  Rojenhcrg,   I 
tmitUt'  *^^   informed  tint  the  Hniigariun   count- 
town,        palatine  IVanciji  us  I't-Jfclini  w.is  alto  on  the 
rojd   from  Moran  to  Viewia  ;  wherefore  I 
hjtlened  to  pals  that  plate,  where  perhaps 
he   miglit  come    in   my  way,    which  was 
throe  miles  from  thence,  and  acconlingly 
I  did  not  meet  him.     But  inllo-id  of  him, 
I  met  near  a  town  called  Ihbe  lixteen  Pu- 
lamkrs  of  LuhomirJk)\  people,    that  told 
for  certain  that  he  was  upon  ilic  w,iy,  ,ind 
immediately  would  follow  alter :  wheretoie 
1  took  lodging  in  a  village  called  L.v:f:"i- 
berg,    and  did  not  go  to  the  pod-houle, 
which  was  a  mile  farther,    and   where  I 
(hould  have  flay'd  that  night,  to  the  end 
that  he   might  pais  by  me,    which  alfo 
happen'd.     In  the  laid  village  I  itay'd  till 
midnight,   and  went  from   thence  in   the 
dark  to  the  next  poll-houfe,  which  was 
in  a  Polifl)  market-town  called  Liuhynna, 
neither  could  I  go  farther  being  obliged  to 
take  frefh  horfes  there  -,  wherefore  I  llay'd 
again  till  all  were  afleep,  came  alfo  thi- 
ther and  went  from  thence  without  being 
The  pod-  perceived  by  any  body  except  the  pofl- 
/"f/"/»'>  mailer,  who  was  fly  enough  to  afk  quefti- 
iiiqi:i!itive  ons,  VIZ.  whctluT  we  were  envoys,    or  if 
the  SwediJIj   envoys    that  were   expedled 
would  foon  come,  and  other  things  that 
did  not  concern  him  i  he  alio  endeavoured 
in  a  very  complaifant  manner  to  make  us 
ilay  fome  hours,    pretending  the  badnefs 
of   the  roads  that  were  very  diincult  to 
pafs  in  the  dark,  and  ofiercd  if  we  would 
Ilay  till  i'un   rifing,  to  give  us  his  coach, 
with  which  he  only  favoured  his  particu- 
lar friends.    But  as  I  perceived  well  enough 
lie  was  ordered  to  fpy,  and  fome  roguery 
was  hid  under  his  complaifance,    I  gave 
him  thanks  for  his  olVer ;  and  to  confirm 
him  in  his  opinion  that  i  was  a  merchant, 
I  took  out  fome  knives,  and  olVered  them 
to  fell  to  him,    which  made  him  believe 
me:  lb  that  he  gave  me  fome  commifTions 
to  execute   for  him  at  Eperies,  and  bring 
The  plice  j^j|,.|  ..^^  anlwcr  when  I  returned.  Near  this 
r-{"{vw.Is  market-town    Camoifi-y   and    the    Tutkijh 
taken  by    Cbtoui  that  wcrc  in  'PruJJla  with  tiie  king, 
the  /';/.■;.  ));iil  been  taken  by  the  Polandcrs  a  little 

Ltiiiiih  '  When  1  came  to  Leiitfih,  which  is  one 
tncnfthe  of  the  fix  Gctmiin  tree  towns  in  Hungary, 
lix(.',rm,;«  J  v/ould  not  vcnturc  to  go  farther  with 
frcctown<    ,         ^^    jij^^e  being  in  that  road  fcvcral 


caflles  and  towns  wlicrc  they  uli-'d  to  ex-  Rtiam". 
amine,  among  whaii  w.is  zlv:  town  of'-''''V"*^ 
ll'olviir,  when:  the  ye.ir  before  fome  wag- 
gons belonri,iiig  lu  tiic  'Ict'lor  of  S.ixoiiy's 
envoy  that  w.is  feiit  to  Jhtn/ylvaitia.,  were 
flopt  by  the  Po/ami.K  ;  but  I  took  a  wag- 
gon and  went  two  miles  on  the  left  hanii 
through  a  valley  call'd  t he //-o///';  Dale, 
by  realon  of"  the  danger  of  robbers  that 
attack  the  iraveliirs  like  wolves. 

About  nine  a  clock  in   the  morning  I 
(anie  to  the  town  oi  Leutjch,  and  becaufe 
I   could  get  no  waggon  I  was  forced  to 
Ilay  there  that  day,  which  hiippened  very 
well  for  me,  being  lb  weary  of^riding  pofl, 
that   I  was  not  able   to  fet  a  foot  over 
the  thrediold  without  thchclpof  my  hands, 
having  rid  the  thiee  days  and  nights  bc- 
toie,  and  in  fu  troublofome  a  manner,  tliuc 
if    I  had  had   my  feet  in   the  (lirrups  one 
mile,  I  was  forced  to  c.irry   them  in  my 
hands  the  next ;  and  he  that  dne.s  not  know  Troulle- 
what  it  is  to  be  fatigued,  may  only  ride  f"""-' '''!' 
poll   in  Hungary  for  fome  days    without  /y^,j',"„.,'" 
his  own  fattdle'and  furniture.  "  "'    ' 

Mi(lna)tjky  had  given  me  a  dircdion  to  Recom- 
the  bailitf  of  Leiitrch,  who  was  to   llrve  'i'^'^".,'!^^, 
me  if  I  had  ociallon,    but  when   I    ile-  ,,„,',{.,',« 
fired  him   to  provide  ine    with  waggons,  iiic  biiliil' 
he  gave   me  a  furly  anfwcr,  f.iying.    He  of  i''''.''* 
was  not  fo   far  obliged  to  MidiuDijh,  as 
to  put  himfeif  in  danger  for  his  fake.  .i'"ter 
he  had  caufed  his  difgrate  with  the  P,i/u- 
tin  for  having  furthered  fome  Szvcdifh  en- 
voys,  viz.    Mr.   Sternbach    anti   IFeUiiig, 
though  they  had  had  a  pafsport  of  the 
emperor;    wherefore  I  might  fee  how  to 
provide   for  my  felf:   as   tor  his  part  he 
dared  not  meddle  with  it,  for  fear  of  be- 
ing difgraced.     I  judged  from  this  anfwer, 
and  becaufe  I  could  get  no  body  to  carry  Thcbi- 
me,    it  might  have  been  contrived  fo,  to  '""''"'"'■'/ 
force  me  to  go  to  the  afbrefaid  PoUJ}j  places,  ^"(.^ij,,, 
or  to  make  mc  flay  till  they  had  f{;nt  thi-  fuipition. 
thcr,  and  given  notice  of  my  being  here  i 
therefore  I  relolved  to  go  out  of  the  town 
on  foot  along  with  Midnanjky's  Hungarian, 
to  the  next  vill.iges,  where  we  might  get 
horfes,  or  quite  to  the  town  ui'Cibin,  four 
miles  from  thence,    and  to  leave  my  fer- 
vants   behind    in   the  inn,    that  it   might 
teem  as  if  I  was  only  gone  to  dine  fome 
where  in  the  town.    But  jull  as  I  was  going 
to  t.ike  the  cloak-bag,  wherein  I  had  my 
letters  and  orders,  upon  my  Ihoiiider,  one 
of  my  fervants  came  and  told  me  he  hati 
got  a  country  waggon  with  four   horfc;,  iS  Munr. 
into  which  we  got  in  the  morning  by  day    ^'ms,  * 
break,  and   went  the  atijremenrioned  way  "    '  'I" 

r  ^-1  •         1         I-  -1     r  town    lie- 

to  the  town  of  Civtn,  tiiat  lies  a  mile  from  i,,i,i.ingto 

Zaros,  acalUe  and  townbt'ionging  in  com-  piinceVj- 

nion  to  prince  liagotjky  and   his  relation f-'  *>•""' 

Ladijlaui  Ragol/y.     And  be(;uile  the  f^iid  J;|''  ''"'■ 

Ladljlius,  who  was  a  Roman  catliolick,  and  '' 

8  I  in 


1  ■> 


'% 


674 


A  Relation  of  a  Journey 


w 


zgMnrtb 


Alarm 
from !  iic 
liufari. 


RoLAMB.  in  the  emperor's   intcrcft  ufcd  to  refide 
^-'^V'*"^  there  i  I  fent  M'uiiiaitjk-j\  Hungarian  before 
hand,  to  inquire  wiiether  Ladijlaui  Ragotjkf 
was  tlicre  or  not,  and  feiit  a   letter  with 
him  to  the  prince's  governor,   Martimis 
ILdaj'i  by  which  I  acquainted  him  of  my 
arrival,    defiring  him  to  keep  it  fecret, 
(but  yet  I  did  not  tc!l  him  othcrwife  than 
thit  I  was  an  officer,  as  I  have  mentioned 
before,  neither  did  Mldnanjkfs  Hungarian 
know  better:)  .".nd  to  forward  me  as  foon 
as  polfibie.     This  Hungarian  met  me  again 
half  a  mile  out  of  the  town,  and  told  me 
that  at  that  inftant  the  above  mentioned 
Ladtjluus  Ragoljk')  was  coming  along  with 
the  bifhop  of  Craccu;  befides  forty  Polijh 
noblemen  ;  wherefore  I  flayed  in  the  val- 
ley till  it  was  dark,  and  then  went  into  the 
town  :  and  in  the  morning  early  from  thence 
to  Zaroi  Parak,  fo  that  neither  LadiJlaui 
Ragotjiy  nor  any  of  the  Polanders  did  per- 
ceive me.     In    tiic  village  called  Giorcke, 
where  I  lodgetl  the  night  before,  five  Huf- 
fars  that  had  followed  us,  expeftijig  fome 
booty,  made  an  alarm,  but   w^  being  got 
into  the  inn  before  th';y  came,  they  went 
to  and  fro,  under  the  window  all  the  night, 
and  dillouill'd  with  one  another,  whether 
they  fliould  attack  us  in  the  houfe:   But 
finding  us  well  armed,   and  having  like- 
wife  four  Heidiichy  whom  the  governor  of 
Zaros  had  fent  with  me,  befidcs  four  mer- 
chants, who  were  come  to  lodge  there  the 
fame  evening   with  their  fervants,   in  all 
ten  perfons,  they  went  off  in  the  morning. 
What  grieved  me  moft  was,  that  I  thought 
ihcy  were  lent  by  the  Polanders  at  Zaros, 
or   by  the  Hungarian  chancellor   Georgius 
Zelejzini,  who  lived  but  a  little  mile  from 
thence  at  Cnjfou,   but  hearing  afterwards 
what  party  it  was,  I  did  not  mind  it,  but 
lit  out  in  the  morning  early  for  Zaros  Pa- 
rak.     When  I  came  tiicre,  the  PrffJcHus 
Muhacl  Ii'.zed)  was  not  at  home,  where- 
fore I  was  obliged  to  ilay  there  for  him 
t'iree  days. 

This  Z.aros  Parak  is  an  eftatc  of  prince 
George  Ragcl/h's  inolherCalbarina  Lorant- 
jhi,  on  the  river  Bcdrack,  and  hath  a  fine 
little  calUe  with  a  town  well  fortified,  ex- 
traordinary well  fiuiated  and  of  great  re- 
venue ;  it  lies  dole  by  the  famous  town  of 
Tokas,  where  there  grows  the  bell  wine 
in  all  Hiing-iry.     Ac    Tokay  the  river  Ti- 

"uLi\" '"■'•■''  '"'"^  ^i"^''''*  .IO'n>  both  full  of  fini 
llin^jri  of  many  Ibrts,  very  large  and  fat.  They 
wne.  never  take  more  of  them  than  what  is 
'/""'■■'•  fufficient  for  one  meal,  the  refl  they  fling 
""'"''. I  iiito  the  river  again,  b'.ing  fure  of  calch- 

•ir'iiii  '  '"o  '"•  '"'>  '""'■*  ■'''  "I'lny  -'s  they  pleale. 
I'.very  body  ha,-,  liberty  to  tifli,  whether  he 
liis  lau.i  there  or  not.  They  have  wood 
eiiougli  i  wheat,  (lor  of  other  fort  of  corn 
'.hey  low  very   little  in   all  Hungary  and 

2 


P.;- 


town   (i- 


TranMvania)  co.-nfields  and  meadows  in 
abundance}  vineyards  likewife,  game  and 
wild-fowl  more  than  in  any  place  in  all 
Hungary,  the  great  and  large  plains  of  the 
Hel'ones  that  are  full  of  al!  forts  of  game  ''  '■'^■''  °^ 
extending  to  the  town.     PfUt  all  this  the  !|'J  '■"'"'"■ 
people   do  not  mind,  for  they  value  no-      " 
thing  more  than  a  glafs  of  flrong  Hungary 
wine,  garlick  and  fat  bacon,  which  makes 
them  relifh  their  wine  the  better ;  and  one 
may  fee  there  herds  of  hogs  and  oxen, 
like  flocks  of  iheep  in  Germany,  by  a  thou - 
find  at  once. 

The  third  of  April  I  went  from  Zaros 
Parak  to  fokay,  and  there  I  palled  over 
the  river  tibifcus.    Tokay  lieth  on  the  77- 
bifcus,  where  the  Bodrack  falls  into  itj  the 
Tibifcus  is  one  of  the  four  capital  rivers  in  The  four 
Hungary,  {ihe.  others  are  the  Savus,  Dravus  c'pi'''l 
and  Danube)  and   in  goodnels  and  bignefs  """  °^ 
next  the  Danube.     The  caftle  (lands  upon  """^'"'^• 
the  point  that  is  between  both  rivers.  The  Defcripii- 
garifon  belongs  to  Tranfylvania;   but  oi  on  oi  Ti- 
the garifon  in  the  city,  one  half  belongs  '""'' 
to  the  emperor,  and  the  other  to  Tranfyl- 
vania.    The  town  is  open,   and  without 
any  forrification  more  than  the  advantage 
of  its  fituation ;  on  one  fide  of  it  pafTeth 
the  river  Tibijcus,    and  on  the  other  it  is 
furrounded    with    very    high    and    fteep 
vineyards,    that  leave   on  both  ends  of 
tiie  town    only    a  fmall   avenue   by  the 
ftrand.     Thefe  vineyards  are  about  three 
leagues  in  circumference,  and  produce  the 
Hungary  Tokay  wine  fo  well  known  in  Po- 
land. The  inhabitants  lamented  very  much 
the  circumftances  of  Poland,  becaufe  they 
could  not  fell  their  wine,  of  which  all  their 
cellars  were  fo  full,  that  they  had  no  room 
left  for  the  produil  of  future  vint.iges.     In 
thefe  vineyards  I  w.is  fhewn  (bme  iLparate 
pieces  of  ground,  of  about  i  J  tunneland 
[rt  Swedifh  meafure  of  land]  that  were  ge- 
nerally fold  for  30,  20,  or  15000  gilders, 
on  account  of  the  particular  quality  they 
have  of  producing  better  wine  than  thole 
that  are  adjoining,  whicli  is  owing  partly 
to  the  ground,  anci  partly  to  their  fituation, 
as  they  lie  towards  the  call  and  fouth.     I 
cannot  forbear  mentioning  here  in  wiiat 
manner  the  Hungarians  keep  their  corn  and 
wine,  which  is,  by  digging  holes  in  the  Flow  they 
ground,  in  which  they  keep  their  feed  and  '"•P  ''>'^'r 
wine,  and  know  of  no  other  cellar  or  gra-  ^"jn"  ^j 
nary :    thus  all   their  llreets,    and  almoft  Hungary. 
half  their  fields  are  undermined.    In  thefe 
holes  the  corn  will  keep  ten  years  and  lon- 
ger without  any  damage. 

Near  Tokay  I  paficd  over  the  river  77- 
bifcus,  and  went  through  the  counties  or 
comtlatus  ofZapolia  and  Bihor,  a  diftrid  of 
taree  days  journey  in  length,  and  fevcn 
Hungarian  miles  broad,  all  plain  fields, 
witiiou'.  any  bufli ;  and  there  b'.'ing  many 

bogs. 


V. 
fo 


Hi 

Oti 


The 
iraff 

horl 


7.1 


to  Conftantinople. 


675 


l';-n:y  of 
ill-  coun- 
■>iv. 


ow!  in 
ne  and 
in  nil 
i  of  tlie 
f  g;ime 
this  the 
lue  no- 
Jungarj 
1  makes 
ind  one 
1  oxen, 
a  thou - 


n  Zaros 
ed  over 

the  71- 
I  iti  the 
ivers  in  The  four 

Dravus  "P't'l 

bigneft  ^4 
ds  upon 

rs.    The  Dcfcripli- 
but    offof^"- 

belongs  *"'• 
Tranfyt- 
without 
^vantage 
it  pafleth 
thcr  it  is 
id  deep 
ends  ot" 

by  the 
3ut  three 
)duce  the 
m  in  Po- 
;ry  much 
lufe  they 
I  all  their 
no  room 
iges.     In 

Itparatc 
unncland 
were  ge- 

gildcrs, 
ility  they 
han  thole 
ng  partly 
fituation, 
fouth.     I 

in  what 
corn  and 
cs  in  the  How  they 

feed  and  l"-P  ''"i" 

corn  and 

ar  or  gra-  ^^-^^  ;„ 

id    almoft  Hungary. 

In  thefe 
and  lon- 

:  river  7;- 
jimtirs  or 
dirtrict  ol 
and  fcvcn 
ain  fields, 
ing  many 
bogs. 


fo»l. 


HiiJomi 
oxHciihi 


Their 


borfei. 


bogs,  there  is  fuch  a  multitude  of  cranes, 
Muliitudc  wild-geefe,  bullards,  ducks  and  other 
of  wild-  j-ppjii  ,vild  fowl,  that  they  almoft  cover 
the  earth ,  and  fly  in  great  flights  like 
clouds ;  hares  are  there  alfo  in  abundance, 
likewife  meadow  and  cornfields,  which 
they  need  not  dung,  it  being  fat  enough 
of  itfelf.  Inltcad  of  wood  the  inhabitants 
burn  reeds  that  grow  in  the  bogs.  In  thele 
countries  live  none  but  Heidones  or  Ilei- 
'fu'-i,  who  are  fubjcift  to  the  prince  of 
Tmifyhama,  in  number  about  40000,  and 
dwell  in  large  boroughs,  which  they  call 
citiej,  about  1000,  2000,  or  even  4000 
in  one  town.  They  are  free  from  all  du- 
ties and  imports,  and  only  obliged  to  fcrve 
the  prince  in  his  wars  whenever  they  are 
fummon'd  ;  and  then  they  take  three,  four, 
and  more  fervants  with  them.  They  are 
divided  into  regiments,  each  city  making 
one,  which  hath  its  colonel,  whom  they 
call  capilaneus,  and  each  regiment  ought 
to  confilt  of  the  fame  number,  and  all 
have  one  general  over  them,  which  at 
that  time  was  Baccus  Gahor.  Their  traf- 
iraffick  in  (jck  confifts  in  cartel  and  horfes,  which 
vl"-f.'  run  wild  there:  the  cattel  are  tended  like 
as  in  our  country,  but  run  in  the  fields 
winter  and  fummcr,  and  the  calf  always 
follows  the  cow,  as  the  colt  alfo  does  the 
mare. 

It  is  remarkaHIe,  that  in  all  Hungary,  cf- 
peci.illy  in  this  dirtrift,  quite  to  jyaradln, 
no  cattle  is  to  be  feen  but  what  have  hair 
of  the  colour  of  elks,  oxen  as  well  as 
cows  ;  the  calves  are  all  red,  but  when 
they  grow  older,  they  become  of  the  fame 
colour.  Commonly  a  Hdduk  fells  two  or 
three  hundred  oxen  in  a  year,  which  the 
Hungarian  merchants  buy,  and  fell  them 
again  in  Italy  and  Aujlria.  One  d  ly's  jour- 
ney from  Pyaradin  in  the  county  of  Bihor, 
'  I  paflTed  through  a  town  call'd  Debrens, 
where  there  live  no  Heidones,  tho*  it  lieth 
in  liiis  diltridt,  becaufe  it  is  a  free  town, 
and  only  one  thoufand  Heidona  are  quar- 
ter'd  there.  The  inhabitants  of  that  place 
deal  in  Turky  commodities,  and  p.iy  con- 
tribution to  the  Turks,  the  king  o\  Hun- 
gary, and  the  prince  of  Tranfylvaiiia,  by 
whom  in  time  of  war  they  are  always  al- 
low'd  to  be  neuter.  This  place  is  only  re- 
markable on  account  of  its  nallinefs,  it  be- 
ing a  coiiftant  dunghil.  Crofs  the  mar- 
ket is  laid  a  bridge  of  timber,  over  which 
people  pals  on  foot  and  on  horfeback,  and 
wlioevcT  goes  befide  it  is  fure  to  fall  into 
the  din,  to  which  they  arc  fo  well  recon- 
« il'd,  that  they  bel'mear  their  doors  with 
it  inllcad  of  paint. 

As  I  travelled  through  thefc  countries, 
I  was  conduced  by  li.'idcnes,  who  were 
relieved  in  every  city,  and  had  their  ban- 
ners and  colours,  which  look'd  at  a  di- 


ti;e  tow  I 


Rcmati; 

iV,t  fur 
i;s  nalli- 
ucls. 


fiance  as  if  a  fleet  of  fliipscamc  to  meet  Roiaub. 
me.     In  Pl^aradin  I  was  very  wt-ll  received  WW> 
and  treated    by  the  capitaneus  Francifcus 
Gyuleus. 

The  ninth  of /Ipril,  in  the  evening,    \t)/f/»i/ 
arrived  at  Claufenbiirg  in  Tranfylvai.ia  ;  the  ^'/•'■'J'"- 
young  princefs  and  the  young  prince  her  1*'^  •'? 
ion  were  there,    but   haying   no   miniltcr  .■  j,u. 
with   them,   except   their   maftcr  of  the 
houlholil,  a  man  of  a  mean  charadier,    I 
was  not  received  with  any  folemnity  -,  how- 
ever, the  next  morning   the  princels  fcnt 
to  me  to  my  lodging,  and  bid  me  welcome, 
defiring  me  to  cxcufe  my  not  being  re- 
ceived   as  (lie   defired,  and  that  I  would 
have  patience  for  fome  days,   till  the  old 
princefs,    mother    to  the   then    reigning 

friiicc,  came  with  the  ffadtholder,  to  which 
returned  a  proper  anfwer. 

The   1  'I"  of  April  the  old  princefs  ar-  wAfrl, 
rived  with  the  ftadtholder  Acbatius  Bardzai "''?  "^'K 
and  fome  other  miniilers.     About  an  hour  l","^^^' 
after  her  arrival,  flie  fent  two  noblemen  to 
me  to  complement  me,  and  invited  me  to 
an  audience  the  next  day,  which  was  per- 
formed as  follows: 

The  li'''  of  April  at  fevcn  in  the  morn-  izAprH, 
ing,  two  coaches  drawn  by  fix  horfes  came  ccrcmo 
before  my  lodging,  with  a  great  number  ""V- ' 
oi  balberdeers,  which  they  call  carnaks,  and 
footmen  cloathed  in  Hungarian  livery,  viz, 
fheeplkins.     The  mafter  of  the  horfe  went 
before  the  coach  with  a  flick  in  his  ii md, 
and  one  of  the  princefs's  minilters,  Sebeci 
Ferens,  who  the  year  before  had  been  en- 
voy to  his  Swedijlj  majcfty,  and  was  taken 
priioner  by  fFarka,  came  to  receive  me. 
In  the  caftie  from  the  gate  to  the  ftairs, 
where  I  went  up  on  both  fides  where  the 
coach  pafled,  Itood  the   princefs's   guard 
with  guns,    which   they  held  upon  their 
fhoulders,  and  not  before  them  as  is  ufual 
in  our  country,  when  the  foldiers  ftand  in 
arms.     At    the  ftairs  I  was    received  by 
both  princefles  marfhals,    that  condudled 
me  thro'  three  chambers  (full  of  all  forts 
of  perfons  of  diftindion,  who  were  come 
to  attend)  to  tne  old  princefs  Catharina 
Lorantphi,  who  received  me  in  the  middle 
of  the  apartment.    I  m.ade  your  majefty's 
compliments  to  her  in  Latin.     Having 
concluded  my  harangue,  they  were  all  fi- 
lent,  looking  upon  one  another,  and  then 
difputing  who  fhould  anfwer,  for  none  of 
them   was   vers'd  enough    in   the   Latin 
tongue.     When  they  had  thus  fpent  about 
half  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  the  princefs  her 
felf  at  laft  was  obliged  to  anfwer  in  the 
Hungarian    language,    and    her    marflial 
interpreted    it   in  German  as   well  as  he 
was  able.    The  princefs   defiring   after- 
wards to  talk  with  me  in  private,  bid  her 
people  as  well   as  mine  retire,  and  there 
Oay'd  only  the  ftadtiiolder  Acbatius  Bard- 
zai 


il 


pi' 


I!     ; 


676 


A  Relation  of  a  Journey 


Ri 


I  uV 


I.ftlfr  to 

ihl.'  klhK 


tM  .1  coiinlfllor,  and  the  nwrdial :  a  cluiir 

luiiig  lit  lor  tlif  jirinccfs,  and  luiollurliir 

mc,   11k  clilcoiirlid    with   mc   coni-ci-infj; 

rrincc    A'..'n(..'/.<vN  intcrcll    at  the  Oih    ■'» 

i'ortf,  whiiii  lilt"   rc'commtnilcd  to  mc  ill 

many  words,  to  which  I  returned  a  proper 

aniV.er  -,    and   having;  taken    my   leave  ot 

her,  went  into  .another  apanmer.i  to  ilie 

young  printer,  and  tlie  young  prince  Ra- 

(;.//xv  h-ii-m,  i.  c.  I'nmijius Kagotjiy, wUoitt 

\  iikewife  lakitcd  in  your  majelty'.i  r.aiiif, 

and  delivered  to  tlie  princefs  tlie  letter  I 

had  iVoiii  your  iiiajefty,  for  prince  Gccigc- 

Rjsd/is ;  idler  wlrxh  I  was  reconducted  in 

the  maimer  as  betore,  into  the  city  to  my 

,    ,         lo,'"ini'.     I'rom   Claulnihix   I   wrote   to 

rlf-./c./sMonfieurr/f /.»//.'>!•  the  kinr,  ot  yvv;;;<v  s 

enih.wi:-.    cmbaflador  at  the  Ottoman  I'oi  te,  dehring 

ifor  at  the  \^\^y^  (q  acquaint  the  viz,ir  with  my  coming;. 

Pone"'"    -^"^l  to  excule  my   .ot  brinp^in;.';  preloncs 

from  your  maielly.     The  next  tlay  the  old 

princets  fet  out  for  Znm  l\ii\ik,  and  I,  in 

company   with    the   lladthulder,  went  to 

Alha  Julia  or  frafc'iihurg.     Me  Iheuetl  me 

upon  the  road  as  well  as  at  ll',[[lhwto-g, 

all  civility  1  his  dilcourfe  was  very  leidible 

and  pleafuit,    and  among  the  I liii.gariAih 

he  pafled  for  a  good  tbldicr.     Among  all 

tht  Hioiz<n'uwi  I  ever  converfed  wi'li,   he 

was  the"  belt  and  the  molt   humane  ;    for 

Wjv  of     the  greater  part  of  them  are  conceited,  un- 

lileofthe  reafonablc  and    ill-bred,    defpiling  others, 

liu^^jr:.   ,^,,^1  undervaluing  every  thing  m  compari- 

"'''■  fon  of  their  own  ruititk  and  filthy  way 

of  life  i  thinking  when  they  have  but  lowls, 

bacon,  garlick  and  ttrong  liioigatlan  wine 

with   it    .which   they    rather     fuck    than 

drink  out  of  dirty  commonltone  or  wooden 

mu"s,  that  have  narrow  necks,   and  are 

tlojn;  up  with  naltinefs)  they  have  the  great- 

ett  1  lea  111  re  the  world  can  atlord.    No  man 

how  great  foever  hath  any  plate  or  glals, 

nor  even  pewter  upon  his  table  ;  but  natty 

trenchers  that  are  not  fcoured  but  once  a 

week,  which  when  they  have  thrown   the 

bones  off,  they  lay  Ixfore  you  again. 

When  I  came  ne^r  Alba  Julia,  I  w.is  re- 
ceived by  four  companies  of  horfe  and  con- 
duced to  my  lodging.     As  to  this  place, 
it  has  the  name  of  a  great  city  among  us, 
but  when  you  Ice  it,  is  very  ordinary,  lb 
that   one  may  well  fay  of  it,  vtinuit  ptu- 
jeiitia  famam.     There  is  not  one  tolerable 
houfe  in  all  the  town,  except  the  princels's  ; 
the  relt  arc  all    fniall  huts,  and  the  win- 
dows of  fkin,  which  is  ufcd  all  over  T'ran- 
filvania  among  the  gentry  as  well  as  the 
common  people. 
iiAfr,.',        Alter  having  wrote  from  hence  to  your 
Wtutc  to  majelly,  and  fettled  a  correfpondence  with 
.^'''"^'•''     the  lladtliokier,  1  went  the  i;'*-  of  yf/ril 
^"*'        to  the  .Vii.vc;/  cities  and  villages,  the  chief 
t'erm.tn-   of  which    are  Hermav.ftadi  and  Cicujladt. 
(laai  and  Wherever  I  lodged  with  the  Sasviti  1  was 


Ml.x 

•yu:,„. 


Will  riHcived,  and  treated  with  all  good 
will  and  civility:  but  the  road  was  veiy 
bad,  all  nioiintains,  water  and  miie;  I  had 
ifpeciallv  a  Ion  It  to  pal's,  called  i>u-j,kii- 
«j/..',  wiiiih  is  three  le,i!.!,uc  long  1  ajl  the 
roads  weie  laid  over  with  bridges  of  round 
timber,  and  were  helides  very  deep,  by 
re.d'on  of  the  fnow's  nieking  upon  the  nigh 
mountains  which  lep.irate  ff-'allad.iia  and 
"r>\Uijytvania.  At  I'ome  places  the  briilges 
l)eiiig  carried  oil",  we  could  not  pafs  with- 
out great  danger  •,  ,ind  where  the  water  did 
not  hinder  us,  the  roads  were  lb  deep  tli.iC 
although  1  h.id  ten  horfes  belore  the 
waggon,  we  weic  hardly  able  to  get 
through. 

I  Ihall  pafs  over  in  filencc  how  thcfe 
Saxci:.':  at  firlt  came  into  Traujyvania,  and 
how  they  have  obtained  their  privileges, 
iclerring  lor  that  to  hiltory.  I  thall  only 
mention  here,  that  the  Saxons  poiUirmg 
the  bell  and  moll  iiuitful  part  of  the 
coiiiur\,  .ind  having  great  privileges,  arc 
IliUlI  and  very  much  opjirelleit  by  the 
lliiiiga) ::•)!<.  And  though  the  princes,  be- 
fore their  accelHoM  to  the  government,  are 
obliged  to  promile  to  maintain  them  in 
the  enjovmenis  ot'  their  privileges,  yet 
ili.ii  promife  is  little  minded.  They  com- 
plain in  particular  very  mucliof  the  p-rince 
now  reigning,  Gccrgc  liagoljkyy  who  op- 
preffes  them  more  than  any  ot  his  j)rede- 
cclTors,  and  makes  ule  ot  all  m.uiner  of 
pretences  to  feize  on  their  houl'es  or  farms  •, 
ibrces  them  to  forward,  to  lodge  antl  to 
delray  all  travellers,  which  rone  of  the 
oilier  inhabitants  of  the  country  are  ob- 
liged to  do.  One  of  their  ancient  privi- 
leges was,  that  none  but  a  Saxon  was  al- 
lowed to  buy  any  houfe  in  their  towns: 
tiiis  ihey  are  now  about  to  abolilh,  under 
the  pretext  that,  if  an  Ilhi:gari,in  fliould 
olicr  the  value  for  a  houle  to  be  fokl,  the 
Saxon  fliculd  be  obliged  to  let  him  hive  it, 
or  the  teller  fliould  torfeit  his  houfe,  and 
lb  much  money  befides,  as  the  buyer  li.id 
ollerid.  'this  they  lay  was  relblved  by 
the  tw(.)  Hates,  viz.  the  !\'ul'ilitas  and  .S';- 
ti/li,  wiiicli,  by  realbii  ot  a  majority  of 
votes,  ought  to  prevail,  notwiiiill.inding 
the  third  Hate,  viz.  the  Saxo/is  who  were 
prcjudiecd  by  it,  neither  were  prelent  nor 
contented  to  it.  Many  other  burthens  .ire 
laid  upon  them,  to  that  in  all  likelihood 
they  will  lol'e  their  liberty  in  time,  el'pe- 
cially  as  tluy  have  but  tew  men  of  under- 
itanding  .imong  them,  the  rell  being  all 
finiple  people.  As  tor  the  Hii>:g,i>ui/;i, 
they  would  willingly  I'ee  tlie  X;.v.i/..  lie- 
llroy'd,  though  they  have  more  realbn  to 
proteiit  and  cards  them ;  lor  wherever 
there  appears  any  culture  in  ■fran/yhaiiia, 
it  is  owing  to  the  i'j.vswj,  the  rell  being  a 
nicer  Barbaiy. 

Ilermaiijladl 


tlie  chid 
S.ixtn  ci- 
tics. 
A  I'.HcU 

cailcj 

ffalj. 

Ili.^h 

iiMuntainj 

Icj'jrjic 

ll'.hlnilia 

■mJ  'Iran- 

jytijiiia. 


Sj.rciii  ill 

'Tmnijliia- 
nin. 


PnlTcf.  the 
bell  pLiics. 


At  prefcnt 
much  op- 
I'rcired. 


The  ll.,;t, 
i.l  lUn 
&■>!■ 


It 


n 


1  good 
IS  vi'i  y 
■,  I  ii.iil 

ail  ihe 

round 

;p,    by 

he  nigh 

'/.!   and 

uulgcs 

I  with- 
itcr  did 

■[■>  llut 

CO    get 

V  tlicfe 

ia,  and 

i  leges, 

II  only 
(Hiring 
ot    the 

7,ci>,  are 
by   the 
CCS,  be- 
inr,  are 
Lheni  in 
;«,    yet 
ey  coin- 
-  [  rince 
lo  op- 
prede- 
mncr  of 
"  farms ; 
:  and  to 
;  ot"  the 
are  ob- 
it privi- 
was  al- 
towns : 
1,  under 
I  fliuuld 
old,  the 
have  it, 
iilc,  and 
lyer  hail 
Ivcd   by 
and  Si- 
oriiy   of 
ll.inding 
ho  were 
lent  nor 
hens  are 
kciiliood 
le,  el'pe- 
f  under- 
icing  all 

>'iii.'  de- 
calbn  to 
/hcrcver 

being  a 
'itaiijiadt 


tlie  chid 
S.ixm  ti- 
lie-. 
A  loiell 

tailcj 

S.:yiiiii- 

tval.1. 

Ilii^h 

iniHiiitilni 

ir.h'/itilia 
.111 J  Iran- 


Sixcni  in 


PofTeff  the 
l)ellpl.Kc,i. 


Atprcfcnt 

nuKli  op- 
[ircircj. 


The  Hart, 
ot  Hun- 
&■"■}■ 


to  Conllantinople. 


677 


horilcrs 


ll/rmjM.  /A'r»i(J«/?(jrf/ within  the  walls  is  thcgie.U- 
tjJi.  tji  ,,„ii  [^i\  i,uilt  town  of  the  S.ixaiif.  Cron- 
JliiJl  is  the  rtronged  and  ha",  the  bravdl 
uihabitants,  who  may  well  be  called  the 
jirotcdtors  of  the  liberty  of  the  Sjxons,  for 
which  they  Ham'  up  boldly,  though  they 
do  it  fometimcs  too  bluntly  and  fet  afidc 
the  proper  methods  to  be  obfcrvcd.  For 
tiicy  once  fhut  the  gates  upon  their  prince 
who  was  juft  coming  into  their  town,  and 
forced  him  to  turn  back ;  but  they  fmartcd 
for  it  afterwards.  Croiiftadt  is  remarkable 
on  account  of  the  fituation,  lying  on  the 
;'r°//  ;,    fiontiers  of   lyullachia    upon    a   fpot  of 

n  ,ill,tti:ia  1111  •,  ■•    •  ^ 

ground,  tiist  looks  as  if  it  were  a  country 
by  itfelf,  the  land  being  low  like  the  Pruf- 
fian  werden  (.marjhlamli)    feparatcd  on  all 
fides  from   the    rell  by  liigli  mountains, 
and  in  no  part  like  the  rell  of  TraN/yha- 
nia;  it  has  alfo  its  particular  name,  fiz. 
IVurtzUmd,  containing  thirteen  large  Sax- 
on market-towns,    that  well  may  pafs  for 
good  towns  all  belonging  to  Croiijladt.    It 
is  a  fine  fruitful  counrry,  but  of  no  great- 
er extent  than  what  one  may  look  all  ov  er, 
there  being  neither  woods  nor  hills  to  hin- 
der the   figlu.     A  river  runs  through  it, 
Ilath  %    called  Bartza,  i.i  Latin,  Bimia.    Cronjladt 
grcu  lub-  ^i^tli  \.\\rcc  great  fuburbs,  one  is  inhabited 
urbs.         by  JVallacHam,  the  fecond  by  Saxons,  and 
the  third  by  Hungarians.     Merc  I  was  ob- 
liged  to  tarry  three  days  for  horfcs  and 
other  neceflaries.     During  my  flay  here, 
one  of  the  princcfs's  couriers  arrived  from 
Conjlan'inople,   whom  I  could  not  get  to 
fpeak  with,  for  he  avoided  me  for  fear  I 
might  queflion  him  how  it  fared  with  the 
prince  of  TranJ^hania's  artairs  at  the  Porte, 
which  however  I  ought  to  have  been  in- 
formed of,  as  I  was  chiefly  fent  upon  their 
account.     But  fo  fufpicious  is  that  nation, 
that  they  trufl  no  man,  nor  fliew  any  con- 
fidence or  friendlhip ,  but  where  it  is  for 
their  own  interelh 
23  Afri.'.      The   23d  of  /Ipil  I  went  in  company 
with  prince  AJ<759/4y's envoy  from  Cronjladt 
over  the  IVallncbian  mountains  into  Wal- 
'hr'rnce'''"^"''  ^"'^  arrived  the  26ih  at  Tirgowj/^, 
ci  II  .liU- 1'><^  prince  of  iyallacbia\    refidence  ;    we 
tbiSi  re-  pafTcd  the  mountains  with  great  trouble, 
fiJencc.     on  account   of  the  Inow,  and   the   river 
Dombvifza  with  great  danger,  there  being 
no  bridges  where  we  palled  over,  and  as 
it  winils  much  betwixt  the  mountains,  we 
were  obliged  to  crofs  it  very  otten ;  it  is 
loon  filleii  up  with  water,  according  as  the 
fnow  upon  the  mountains  melts  faller  or 
flower,  fo  that  at  one  hour  it  is  eafy  to  get 
over,  but  at  another  it  overflows  all    its 
banks :  for  in  the  morning  when  lirft  we 
palled  over  it,  it  was  not  very  deep,  but 
before  eight  a  clock  that  fame  morning, 
the  horfes  and  waggons  did  almofl  fwim, 
and  one  of  the  Uuiigatun  envoy's  lervants 
Vol.  V. 


KotAMH 


^ercplioH 


ot  ihc 
riiKt. 


with  his  horlc  narrowly  eliiiK'.!  being 
drowned.  We  iilitl  hands  and  feet  to  get 
over  as  well  as  we  could,  and  let  the  wag- 
i'ons  go  at  a  venture  :  bclijre  night  it  was 
fo  high,  th.it  no  body  could  pafs  that  way 
alter  us  for  a  fortnight. 

A    good   ilillance    from  7'argoivijh  the 
prince   lent   me   his    coach   with  fix   fine ''f '""^^ '''* 
"rtirk'iJJj  horli's,  two  hundred  noblemen  on  *"^' 
liorfeback,  all  finely  cquippM,  and  about 
thirty  companies  of  horfc,  ail  which  made 
a  fliew  like  a  little  army.  The  prince  him- 
lelf  wa.s  prefcnt  incognito,  till   his  marfhal 
and  fccretary  hatl  bid  me  welcome,  the  fe- 
cretary  complimenting  me  in  Latin.  Here 
we  faw  the  fineft  Turkijh  horfcs,  the  ofH- •^j"'''^'"^* 
ccrs  drelVed  different  ways,   fome  in  coats  '^" ''"'''' 
of  mail,    others  in  panther,    leopard  and 
whole   tiger   (kins,   others    with   flatted 
wings  like  thofe  of  eagles-,  their  mufick 
were   pipes  and  kettle-drums,  for  neither 
the  Hungarians,    IVallacbians,    nor   Tuiks 
know  how  to  ufe   trumpets,    and  in  this 
manner  I  was  conduttdl  to  my  lodging. 
The  day  following   I  had  audience  of  the  Au.liincc 
prince,  which  was  ilonc  with  a  ponip  fuic 
able  to  your  m.ijelly's  dignity,    and    the  1^' 
prince's  refjwft  for  you.     At  the  audience 
was  a  great  number  of  jicople,  moft  no- 
blemen, (ome  dreded  in   fable  and  other 
rich  furs  ;    among  others   was  alio  their 
archbifhop  prefent.     The  audience- room 
was  hung  with  damafk,    and   had  glafs 
windows ;  all  other  chambers  where  I  paf- 
fed   through,    about  eight  or  nine,  were 
not   hung,  and  had   but  pajier  windows. 
The  prince  met  me  in  the  middle  of  the 
room  i    after  1  had  in  a  proper  compli- 
ment alTured  him  of  your  majelly's  alVec- 
tion,  he  conducted  me  towards  tv/o  chairs, 
on  oncof  which  he  fet  himfelf  down,  and  I 
fat  in  the  other.  But  after  a  little  difcourfe 
and  enquiry  t 'tcr  your  m.ijefiy's  health,  1 
went  with  him,  according  to  hisdefire,  into 
his  apartment,  where  I  (lay'd  about  two 
hours,  and  having  on  his  lequcll  given  him 
an  account  of  the  (late  of  alVairs  in  Poland, 
he  not  only  feemed  pleafed  but  even  fur- 
prifed  at  it.     He  afterwards    hung  about 
me  a  Caftan  of  gold  brocade,  which  I  re- 
fufing  to  accept  of,    he  fiid    it  was  the 
cullom  of  the  country,  anti  the  greatell 
mark  of  benevolence,    which  obliged  me 
to  take  it;  after  this   I  went  in  the  fame 
prorelTion   to    my    lodging    again   in   his 
coach  drawn  by  fix  7urkijh  horles,    that 
were  much  finer  than  thofe  the  day  be- 
fore. 

The  next  day  I   w.-is  for  proceeding  in 
my  journey,    but  was    detained   by   the 
prince  who  invited  me  to  dinner,  that  was  oinnc, 
to  be  in  his  orchard.     Coming  in  his  coach  the  or 
to  the   gate  of  the  orchard,  five  mar/li.ils  durd. 
met  me  with  filver  Haves  in  their  iiands, 
S  K  and 


> 


i 


1," 


1  „ 


k\: 


i:-' 


1 


^78 


ARelattan  of  a  Journey 


,1i  •; 


B1 


!.;■■ 


I' 


Drinking 


RoLAMii.  aiul  the  prince  himfclf  iiK't  iiie  in  the  door 
y^yy^  ot  his  runmicrlioull',  where  ihc  table  was 
laid.  Before  the  lummerhoufe  Hood  his 
niinillcrsand  coiirtierb  with  fome  companies 
of  Geiman  foidiers.  As  foon  as  I  was  en- 
cer'd,  he  tonduited  mc  to  the  table,  where 
he  and  I  I'.u  ujion  two  raifed  chairs ;  the 
envoy  of  ■7V.i«/)/w)«u  liit  upon  an  ordinary 
bench.  Upon  the  table  ftootl  only  four 
lilver  difhes,  but  the  covers  were  or  iron. 
After  wc  had  fat  and  difcourfed  a  little 
while,  the  fecond  courfe  was  brought  in, 
then  tliofe  ol'  my  retinue,  that  ufed  to 
dine  at  my  own  table,  and  the  prince's 
miniftcrs  fat  down  alfo.  Firft  there  were 
always  four  or  fix  filver  difhes  brought  in  •, 
the  prince  and  I  were  ferv'd  in  pi  ite,  but 
the  others  in  pewter.  The  vidluals  were 
well  drefs'd,  and  of  a  good  tafte,  and 
changed  continually  from  the  beginning 
to  the  end  of  the  dinner.  When  the  healths 
went  round,  that  of  the  grand  fignor  was 
drunk  firft,  the  prince  having  firft  made 
fome  excufe  for  fo  doing,  your  majefty's 
health  came  next,  which  the  prince  drank 
twice,  whereas  he  had  drunk  that  of  the 
grand  fignor  but  once ;  after  thefe  came 
the  health  of  prince  Ragoljk^  of  Cmelnki, 
and  tiic  prince  of  Moldavia.  At  every 
health  tiierc  was  mufick  of  harps,  violins, 
pipes,  drums,  kettle-drums,  and  fevera! 
■ther  Tii'ki/i  inftrumtnts.  Upon  drink- 
...  the  prince's  health  (which  I  bv'ganim- 
■•v.diuely  after  tiiat  of  Cmelnki)  two  cufhi- 
..ns  were  laid  upon  the  floor  where  the 
prince  fat;  for  hisminifters,  who rofe from 
the  tabic,  went  thither  two  by  two,  kneel- 
ing down  upon  the  cufhionsj  and  after 
having  ilrank,  kifs'd  the  prince's  hands, 
wiftiing  him  jjrofperity,  and  then  took 
their  placcsagain.  Before  dinner  was  half 
over,  two  great  bears  were  laid  before  the 
door  ol  tiie  fummcriioufe,  which  had  been 
kill'd  by  the  prince'b-  huntfmen,  to  whom 
he  himfclf  made  a  prefent  of  a  handful  of 
affcrs.  Near  the  fummerhoufe  was  pitch'd 
a  ttnt  to  retire  to  upon  occafion  j  and  fe- 
crctary  Kliiigcn  once  rifing  up,  he  was  re- 
ceived by  two  marfhals  with  their  filver 
ftafi"s,  who  condufl^cd  him  to  the  tent  with 
great  ceremony,  and  ftaycd  before  the 
iloor  till  iic  came  out  again  ;  then  one  pre- 
fcnced  him  a  bafon  with  water  -,  and  after 
he  li.id  wafhcd  iiimfclf,  die  marfhals  con- 
ducted him  again  into  the  fummerhoufe. 
The  dinner  continued  from  half  an  hour 
pall  ten,  till  feven  o'  clock  at  night,  when 
I  took  my  leave  of  the  prince  who  Ihewed 
me  no  lets  civility  on  this  occafion  than  at 
dinner,  embracing  and  kifling  me  twice  ; 
alter  which  I  went  in  his  coach  to  my  lodg- 
ing again,  condudtcd  by  all  his  courtiers 
and  muficians.  At  dinner  he  often  expref- 
fed  his  devotion  and  veneration  for  your 


Tilling 
leave  of 
th*princc. 


majefty's  pcrfon  and  great  aftions,  willi- 
ing  that  fVallacbia  was  as  near  Swidm  as 
'■TranMvania,  not  doubting  but  his  ftate 
would  then  be  better;  wilning  your  mn- 
jefty  would  allow  him  to  levy  500  Swedijh 
ioliliers  for  his  own  money.  The  next 
morning  he  fent  me  by  his  miftcr  of  the 
horfe  a  very  fine  pacer,  and  fbme  compa- 
nies of  horfe  to  conduct  me  part  of  my 
way ;  where,  whenever  I  came  to  a  town,  I 
always  met  fome  companies  of  horfe,  who 
received  and  conduced  me. 

IVallacbia  is,  by  reafonof  its  fituation,  "'''%'".» 
and  Eoodnefs  of  the  ground,  to  be  count-  ^""^ '''  ''"^' 
cd  one  of  the  belt   provinces  m   Europe,  coumnci 
The  foil  is  extraordinary  fruitful,  fo  that  In  Hur.'^e. 
the  inhabitants  need  not  give  themfclves 
much  trouble  in  plowing  it ;  fbr  if  the? 
only  cover  the  wheat  with  the  ground,  it 
bears  plentifully.    The  bcft  of  the  land 
lies  uncultivated,   and  is  quite  unpcoplecJ, 
the  inhabitants  living  all  along  the  moun- 
tains, in  order  to  be  protefted  by  the  moun- 
tain guards,  againft  the  in/afions  of  the 
Tartars  and  furks.     The  middle  of  the 
country  is  all  champaign,  and  not  the  leaft 
hill  to  tx:  found ;  and  as  the  land  lies  un- 
cultivated,   it  produces  numbers  of  oak 
forefts,  that  ftand  here  and  there  like  little 
ifiands  in  a  fea.     Alonp    '•'•  Dambt  is  the  Bed  rultF 
moft  culture,    and   p-  very    where  vnfl  a. 

enough ;  fufficicnt  fifhi'  .ty  >  f  Wine,  '^^^2' 

honey,  wax  and  fait;  l  .einsofgold 

and  filver;  but  none  dare  learch  them,  for 
fear  of  making  the  Turks  long  after  itj 
out  of  the  earth  runs  alfo  pitch  -,  there  is 
as  much  game  and  wild  fowl  as  one's  heart 
could  defirc.     The  prince  may  yearly  raife  -i-i,. 
in  fValtachia  6  or  700,000  rixdollars  or-  [>rince^ 
dinary  revenue  ;  but  he  cannot  lay  extra-  )''-""ly  '=• 
ordinary  taxes  on  the  inhabitants,   unlcfs  *'^""'=' 
by  their  good  will ;  in  which  particular 
the  ll^allacbians  are  freer  than  the  Molda- 
vians, whom  their  prince  may  tax  as  he 
plcafeth.    A  traveller  finds  no  conveniency 
there ;  for  along  the  road,  there  is  not  a 
village  to  be  feen  in  fome  days  travelling, 
except  every  two  miles  a  hut  covered  with 
ftraw,  where  he  finds  a  barril  of  wine,  of 
which  he  may  have  for  his  money  what  he 
defires,    but    provifions  he    mufl  bring 
along  with  him.     The  inhabiunts  in  the  Temper 
country,  efpecially  the  nobility,  arc  hand-  «'  '.'>«  '"• 
fome,  civil  and  friendly,  but  of  no  great  •'•"'"""'*• 
courage  ;  they  are  inconftant  and  feditious 
with   regard  to   their  princes.     Matthias 
JVoywoda  that  had  governed   them  forty 
years  peaceably,  and  defended  them  with 
great  bravery  againft  invafions  of  Turksy 
Moldavians,     Cofacks    and    Tartars,    felt 
their  treachery   in  his  old  age,  which  he 
had  great  difficulty   to  overcome.     The 
prefent  prince  Conjlantin  Sorban,    by  the 
help  of  the  prince  of  2rrt«/)'/v<j«;<j,  appeaf- 

ed 


to  Conftantinople. 


679 


wiili- 

'/(■«  as 

ItltC 

r  mn- 
wedijh 
next 
ol  tlu*. 
ompa- 
ot"  my 
own,  I 
:,  who 

uation,  if'M;!-:., 

„„,,„,    one  ul  tlur 
^0""f-  fincft 
tlirope.  countnci 
lb  that  in  £»r.;/'- 
mfclves 
if  they 
und.  It 
le  land 
eopleif, 

woun- 
t  moun- 

of  the 

of  the 
the  leaft 
lies  un- 
of  oak 
ke  little 

'be  is  the  Bell  culu" 
where  y'"'-','- 

i  of  gold 

icm,  for 

after  it; 

there  is 

heart 

raifs  XI,. 

ars  or-  pnnce'* 

extra-  y-'"'/  ■=• 
unleft '■•="''=• 
irticular 
Molda- 
as  he 
■reniency 
not  a 
ivelling, 
red  with 
wine,  of 
what  he 
bring 

in  the  Temper 
hand-  o'  '!'=  '"- 
no  great 
feditious 
Matthiai 
m  forty 
:m  with 
Turks, 
n,    felt 
hich  he 
.     The 
by  the 
appeaf- 
ed 


rly 


IX 


Si.liiion 
;ippe,i>eJ 
liy  the  pre- 
lent 
prince. 


liJpril. 


Out  of 

ChrilU"- 
iljtn  i»ta 


AuJicncc 
of  (he 
l„if.i  ot 


CercmO' 
nies. 


.  hibitants. 


Tiic 
wliuli: 
conipli 
mem 


cd  their  feJitioii,  and  cdablilhed  himlcif 
in  the  govcinincnt.  Jull  before  my  arri- 
val, he  had  defeated  before  the  town  of 
'taigowljh  joo  imilineersof  his  own  horfe, 
whole  heads  I  law  upon  (lakes  round  the 
city.  The  prince  is  obliged  conflantly  to 
keep  foidiers  upon  tlie  Turkijb  frontiers,  to 
lundcr  their  invafions,  from  wIucIj  he  is 
not  Iccure,  notwithftandinc  he  pays  a  great 
contribution  to  the  grand  iignor,  viz.  joo 
purfes,  amoiintingto  1 50,000  Rixdollars  i 
for  which  reafon  he  had  a  garrifon  in  Pife 
of  2600  men,  in  BntLi  6000,  and  in  Wa- 
diva't  40UO,  to  guard  tlie  frontiers. 

Tlic  28'''  of  ylpril,  Icame  to  theDdwwi^, 
over  againll  a  town  call'd  SiliJIria  Dieflor 
or  SilijlfiX,  where  tiie  laid  river  leparaies 
H^allachlii   from    Turky.    I  crofTed   it    in 
ferry   boats,    and    fo   let  my  foot  out  of 
Chi  tjlendom  into  1'urk)  ;  I  was  there  lodg'd 
in  a  little  dirty  houfe  (tiierc  being  no  bet- 
ter) in  which  lived  Greciunj.     I  was  con- 
veyed to  tiie  river  lide  by  four  companies 
of  the  prince's  FJuJf^irs  with  flying  colours. 
The  following  day  I  was  fctch'd  to  the  au- 
dience of  the   baffit  of  SiliJIria,    who  re- 
fides  in  this  city,  and  is  one  of  the  feven 
vizirs,  named  Melech  Ahmet  bajfa,  he  is 
calleil  Meleeb,  i.  c.  Angel,  by  realon  of  his 
fine  fliape  i  his  wife  is  daughter  of  Sultan 
Murat,  uncle  of  the  emperor  now  reign- 
ing.    Being  come  lo\\\i  Ssraglio,  i\\tcbi- 
aui  that  conduced  me  (lopped,    and  pre- 
tended I  fliould  alight  from  my  horfe  be- 
fore the  gate;  but  as  I  thought  this  dero- 
gatory from  yourmajelly's  honour,  I  rode 
diredllv  into  the  court  up  to  the  (lairs, 
where  two  Capua  B.iJ/i,   i.  e.  chief  door- 
keepers with  filver  Itaves  met  me,  and  con- 
duced me  through  a  lai^e  antichambcr  to 
the  doo:  of  the  audience  room,  wiiere  I 
was  defired  to  rake  off  my  fword,  whicli  I 
refufed ;  the  bafa  fending  three  times  to 
infill  ujjon  it ;  T  anfwercd  at  lad,    that  I 
was   rel'olved  not   to  part  with  it  •,  had  I 
been  told  of  it  in  my  lodging  beforehand, 
perhaps  I   might  have  complied  with  his 
demand  ;  but  to  make  me  take  it  otl'  be- 
fore his  door,  was  neither  civil,  nor  con- 
fiftcnt    with    the  dignity  of   your     ma- 
jclly  my  gnicious  king  i  befides,  I  was  not 
lent  to  hiin,  but  to  the  Turkijh  emperor ; 
and  if  he  would  not  admit  me  in  a  manner 
agrec.ible  to  the  honour  of  my  mailer,  I 
had  no  bufinefswith  him.     When  he  heard 
this,  I  was  at  lall  conduced  into  the  au- 
dience room,  wliich  was  fpread  over  with 
fine  carpets,    and  near  the  wails  were  laid 
culhions ;  in  the  middle  flood  two  chairs 
oppolite  to  one    another ;    upor    one   of 
which  I  fit  down,  then  the  baJfa  came  out 
of  his  apartment,  and  alter  his  faluiation, 
which  was  but  a  nod  of  the  head,  we  lat 

His  exprelTion 
2. 


noaoUhe  down  each  upon  his  chair. 

head. 


and  beh.aviour  were  .it  firfl  pretty  rough  j  Rm-*"*- 
but  feeing;  that  I  made  no  account  of  it,  ^'^"V^} 
but  returned  proper  ;'.nfwcrs  to  all  his  ob- 
jedlions,  he  began  to  foften  i    and  turning 
about  to  an  emir  of  Mahomet's  relations, 
who  fat  a  little  from  him,  faid  in  Tuikijlj, 
No  wonder   we  hear  the  Sfjcda  fo  much  111$  uyir.i 
talked  of  for  foidiers,  look  upon  this  young  "'  ■'" 
man  here,  how  boldly  he  fpeaks  •,  after-  ^'"■"'• 
wards  he  began  to  be  good  humourM  with 
me,  and  asked,  why  I  did  not  let  my  beard 
grow?    fent   for   coffee,    and    fhewed  mc 
liow  I  mull  drink  it  without  burning  my- 
felf,  and  invited  me  to  come  the  next  da^ 
to  dine  with  him  before  niy  letting  out  i 
afterward  he  hung  a  caftan  of  gokl  bro- 
cide  about  me,  which  with  them  is  rec- 
koned a  particular  honour  ;  fo  I  took  my 
le.ive,    and   went  to   my   lodging   aeain, 
where  I  was  foon  after  compluncntcd  by 
his  muficians,  caputjis,  pages,  cooks,  Uc. 
to  whom  I  was  obliged  to  give  money  for 
their  coffee,  as  they  call  it. 

'i'lie  next  day  he  fent  for  mc  to  dinner,  2  Mjy. 
which   paired    in   the    following   manner.  Dinner 
The  lap  himfelf  with  the  cffcndi  of  Ma-  ^ji!)  J,7 
bomcl'i  family,  fat  upon  the  floor,   each  swilrij. 
in  a  feparate  corner  of  the  liall ;    in  the 
middle  upon  the  floor  flood  four  lowfquarc 
llools,  one  in  the  i.iiddlc  thaf  was  white, 
and  the  three  others  round  it.     When  I 
came    in,    I    was  conduftcd    to  the  faid 
llools  to  fit  down,    and  the  white  flool  be- 
ing the  time  upon  which  I  had  fat  at  the 
audience  the  day   before,  I  was  going  to 
fit  down  upon  it  again  ;   but  it  Handing 
in  the  middle,  I  h.id  Ibme  doubt  or  other 
about  it,    and   pitched  upon  one  of  the 
other  three  ;  accordingly  it  appear'd  after- 
wards, that  the  white  one  wa*  dcfign'd  for 
a  table.     Being  let  down,  die  baffit  came 
and  placed  himfelf  upon  the  other  llool, 
upon  the  third  fat  the  envoy  oiTranf)lvania, 
the  forcmentioned  effendi  fat  by  the  bap 
upon  the  floor,  another  aga  alfo  upon  the 
floor  at  his  other  fide  ;  after  this  came  the 
buttler  to  lay  the  cloth,    he  laid  over  our 
knees   a  linnen  towel  of  divers  colours, 
long  enough  to  reach  round  ;  he  next  laid 
a  round  cloth  with  coloured  flowers  upon 
the  (lool  that  flood  in  the  middle,   and 
ferved  for  a  table,  which  alfo  covered  all 
our  knees ;  behind  each  perfon  was  a  Turk 
upon  his  knees,  holding  the  cloth  fad  on 
both  fides  with  both  hands,  then  the  but- 
tler laid  bread  round  upon  the  table,  which 
was  thin,  oval,   and  baked  in  hot  afhes 
(for  they  have  no  ovens  in  thofe  parts,  but  How  ti 
towards  the  time  when  they  are  going  to  brc^d  1. 
eat,  they  prepare  a  dough,  of  which  they  ^'^'^• 
make  a  cake,    and  fet  upon  liie  hearth  in 
the  chimney,  that  is  fwept  clean,  and  then 
throw  a  great  heap  of  embers  upon  it,  and 
fo  the  bread  is  baked,  but  how  wholfome 

ic 


'U' 


I 


I 
f 

\9 


4 


!"[■ 


68o 


A  Relation  of  a  'Journey 


f:.^ 


i\  w 


R.MAMii  it  muft  br,  is  ity^y  to  prcfiimc.)  \\v  then 
'^^.""VJ  l;,.(|  upon  the  f.ime  cloth  b(  tore  cuh  of 
us  a  h.iiulful  of  wootien  fpoons,  pn-.it  and 
liiull  ;  I  for  my  part  got  fix,  at'icrwards 
lie  li't  upon  the  mK)l,  that  lirvril  lor  ;i 
r.ihic,  a  lar(;;e  flat  jiewtcnlifli,  like  a  w.ifh 
b.ifon,  into  which  he  flun<;  for  every  one 
iliree  preen  gralFes  ol  a  bitter  tafte-,  but 
as  they  pretended  whoHome  for  the  Wo- 
inarh,  and  by  it  a  little  China  difh  with 
pickles ;  this  done,  they  placed  in  the 
middle  of  this  table  a  difh  of  roalled  meat, 
cali'd  cahah,  of  which  every  one  fnatch'd 
a  bit  with  his  finpcrs  i  but  the  hnffa  flung 
a  piere  for  me  upon  tlie  border  of  this 
large  pewter  difli,  (for  tiuy  ufe  no  other 
plates)  and  lent  me  his  knife.  After 
luvin"  eat  between  us  tv/o  or  three  bits 
of  this  difh,  it  was  taken  away,  and 
another  put  in  its  place,  and  fo  they  con- 
tinued tdl  there  had  been  Icrved  up  about 
forty  difhes,  fome  of  which  were  w  II 
laded  1  but  there  were  divers  forts  of  frit- 
ters and  puddings,  drclFcd  with  honey,  not 
very  pleafant  to  eat.  When  rice,  lioil'd 
with  broth  and  melte-'  fat  w.as  fcrvcd  up, 
there  was  at  the  lame  time  fet  before  every 
one  a  jwrringer  with  milk,  which  thty 
mixed  with  the  rice,  ami  lb  eat  it  togc- 
Rice  the  ther;  this  dilh  they  call  filou,  and  is  by 
bell  vidu-  fi^g^  reckoned  one  of  the  btrt,  rice  being 
the  Turki.  ^^^  ^'■"'^  viiituals  among  the  Turks.  The 
defcrt  confifted  of  prcfcrved  fruit.  After 
dinner  there  was  brought  water  and  a 
towel  ;  thereupon  we  drank  oalTee,  after 
that  we  wafhed  our  hands  and  face  with 
rofe  water;  at  laff  there  was  hung  a  piece 
of  red  filk  over  every  one's  head,  and  our 
faces  were  Imoak'd  with  all  forts  of  tVank- 
incenfe,  and  fo  dinner  was  done.  Thole 
of  my  retinue  dined  upon  the  floor,  fitting 
in  a  circle.  After  a  fhort  difcourfe  with 
the  baffa,  I  took  my  leave  of  him,  antl 
immediately  purfued  my  journey  j  but 
about  two  mufket  fliot  from  the  city,  I 
h.ad  the  misfortune  to  be  overturn'd,  and 
to  bruife  my  left  leg  and  foot  fo  much, 
that  for  three  weeks  I  could  not  ftir  any 
further  than  I  was  carried.  However,  I 
continued  my  journey  in  this  troublefome 
condition,  there  being  nowhere  any  ton- 
veniency  for  flopping  a  few  days,  ehe  coun- 
try being  utterly  impoverifh'd  by  the 
m.mlKS  of  the  Turks;  we  came  to  many 
places  where  we  could  not  get  the  leafl  bit 
to  eat,  and  the  greatefl  trouble  was  to  ap- 
peale  the  hungry  ftomachs  of  my  peo- 
pie. 

A  third  day's  journey  from  Silijlria, 
about  a  mile  on  the  other  fide  of  a  place 
cali'd  Shumiui,  is  a  hill,  upon  which,  as 
the  Tuiks  fay,  /'c/w  Byfanlium  flood  for- 
merly, the  Pottus  Huxinus  reaching  then 
up  to  it,  though  it  is  now  many  miics  dil- 
4 


lilt  b,i/'.i. 


4  Miiy- 


V{iu!  By- 

.-.jiitium. 


t.int  from  th-it  place,    neither  is  there  an/ 
other   w.ilcr,    buc  a   large    valley   of  flit 
fields  of  a  long  extent.     It  is  true  indecil, 
that  upon  the  mountain  there  are  ruins  ofRuin, 
oM  walls  to  be  I'ceii,  with  great  iron  rings u[v,n  \'\t 
walled  in,  on  which  they  l)elieve  fhips  and  "*""""'"• 
boatg  were  faftncd  in  former  times.     There 
may   have  flood  of  old  a  city,    but  that 
it  wa'  B)zanliutn,  and  that  the  Po»tu5  F.iix- 
inus  came  up  to  it,  is  like  other  fables  told 
by  the  Turks. 

The  fourth  day  I  pafs'd  the  mountain  5  W<»r. 
/fumus,  by  the  inhabitants  cali'd  Noak,'^"*" 
from  .1  great  robber  Nc/^ik  Beit,  who  once  J)°"J'j,'"" 
lived  upon  this  mountain,  as  they  fay.ciiied  Aj- 
and  did  great  damage  to  the  Turks ;  on  ak. 
the  pl.icc  where  his  calll'  flood,  lives  now 
conlbantly  a  Turk,  who  beats  the  drum, 
fings  a  fong  of  the  forefaid  Noak,  and 
flitws  the  riklera  of  his  callle  to  travellers, 
who  life  to  give  him  a  few  afiters.  It  is 
one  day's  journey  to  pd's  over  thefe  moun- 
tains, they  arc  lleep,  high,  and  the  road 
i.  bad  and  dangerous,  by  reafon  of  rob- 
bers, of  whom  ten  in  number  appear'd 
to  us,  yet  durfl  not  attack  us,  but  fled 
into  the  wood;  the  Turkifli  ihmus  I  had 
with  me  fhot  at  them,  but  miffed.  Thele 
mountains  fepar.ite  Bu'.g.iri.t  AJ'inor  from 
Major,  and  go  froiii  Poulus  F.uxinus  to 
Macaloniii,  allof  an  even  height;  there  they 
divide  themfelves,  and  as  it  were,  incom- 
pafs  with  two  arms  Macedonia  and  Greece. 
Being  pafs'd  thefe  mountains,  we  had  for 
the  greater  part  even  and  flat  fields  through 
all  Bulgaria,  an  admirable  country,  like 
an  orchard  >  afparagus,  collyflowers,  tu- 
lips, and  other  tine  herb:,  and  flowers  grow 
in  the  fields:  wild  tortoifes  we^re  lying  on 
the  road,  thirty  or  forty  in  a  heap.  Be- 
tween this  and  Conftaiitimple  we  had  only  Twn 
two  troublefome  forefls,  one  cali'd  Fak^,  troublf- 
one  day's  journey  long,  attheend  of  which  '^^""=  ^"' 
runs  a  water  that  feparates  Bulgaria  Mtrjor"^^'' 
from  Romania  ;  ihc  other  fbrefl  is  cali'd  De- 
hletikoak,  i.  e.  Dives  Sylva,  likewifc  one  day'.s 
journey  long,  and  two  days  journey  from 
Conjlantinople.  In  both  thefe  forefls  rob- 
bers ufe  to  lurk,  who  march  with  flying 
colours,  foot  and  horfc  ;  two  days  beftre 
my  arrival,  a  company  of  thirty  TurkiJJj 
travellers  had  been  attacked  by  fbme  rob- 
bers from  the  latter  forefl,  who  kill'd 
twelve  of  them,  the  refl  narrowly  efcap- 
ing,  who  met  us,  and  told  us  the  ill  fuc- 
cefs  of  their  journey  ;  thofe  that  were 
wounded  lay  in  chamias  or  inns  in  a  city 
cali'd  Sarah,  where  we  lodg'd  at  night ; 
the  following  day  we  pafs'd  this  forefl 
without  any  danger,  being  convoyed  by 
Turks. 

Being  now  come  fo  near  Conjlantinople, 
I  fent  an  exprelii  into  the  city,  and  by  the 
Hungarian   minillcrs   rcfiding    there,    ac- 
quainted 


io  Conftantinoplc. 


6St 


Kutxju- 

kiA  three 

liouri 

JDurnty 

ironi  CM 

Jl.inti- 

ntfif 

1 4  M.iy. 


Kniry  in- 
mfU. 


The  lojg 
lii.^  orJer 
cl  by  the 


15A/..7. 

Welcom- 
ed I'y  the 
f'lreij;!! 
milliners 

t:i:'.j>ie. 


qii.iinti'd  the  fj.\n(\  vizir  of  my  romiiifi; ;  I 
allbwrot?  to  tin-  itnbiillinlor  t/t  I'tanf  lor 
ncceirary  inrorination  conccrnin;;  Icv't-ral 
mnttcrs ;  nic.in  tinic  I  (layrd  in  ,1  town 
callM  Kii'ziiikcek  Mi\fe,  tlinr  liours  jour- 
ney from  CoHJlaiitinnile,  wluic  the  mini 
fliTs  of  ftanhlvdma  ciiiu-  to  nv,  with 
whom  I  coiifnhfil  ahoiit  my  rntry, 
wliiili  was  |itrtormcil  in  thf  iollowiny 
manner. 

The  14'''  ot  ,U.iv,  at  'Ix  o'  flock  in  the 
morning,  I  fit  our  fiom  tlic  above  mcn- 
tioiuil  Kuiziiikcek  M'lr.  About  liaif  way 
bt'twcen  tins  antl  tiit*  liry,  I  met  the  am- 
ball'iilors  of  Trmihlvnuiii,  that  brouglit  a 
horfi-  tiir  mc  with  very  fini;  trappings: 
bur  b<in<5  not  alilc,  on  at  1  uunt  of  my  toot, 
to  mount  a  liorlc,  it  wis  leil  before  my 
(oath  in  which  I  wtiit;  my  Hungarian 
commillary,  with  two  ot  liis  fervants, 
went  alfo  before.  At  the  ulunl  pl.icc, 
that  is  a  good  way  from  the  city,  1  was 
recciveil  in  the  name  ot  the  7wki//j  empe- 
ror, by  a  TuikiJ/j  nga  or  ofTaer  called  Jli 
Aga^  who  had  with  him  24  chitiiiu-s  on 
horfeback,  and  conduced  me  into  the  city 
to  my  lodging  in  a  prot  efTion,  according 
to  the  cullom  there,  viz  Firlt  of  all  went 
the  7-4  cbiaulfi,  after  tlum  AH  Aga  by 
liimfell,  then  the  minillcrs  of  Tranjylva- 
niii  and  their  retinue ;  next,  the  horfe 
defign'd  for  me  was  led  by  two  grooms  of 
the  (table  •,  I  followed  in  a  coach  drawn 
by  fix  horfes,  which  the  refulent  of  'Tran- 
fyhav'a  had  lent  mej  after  the  coach  fol- 
lowM  fix  of  my  retinue  on  horfeback,  and 
at  lalt  my  bap,gage  wagfon  drawn  by 
tour  horfes.  My  lodging  was  order'd  by 
the  vizir,  in  wliich  two  rooms  were  fur- 
nith'd  after  the  Turkjh  fadiion,  with  car- 
pers upon  the  Hoor,  antl  ciifliions  of  many 
colours  next  to  the  walls  -,  the  others  were 
exp'cfly  fin-ni(hfd  with  tables  and  banks, 
otherwill-  not  in  tile  among  the  Turks. 

I  was  no  fooner  arrived  in  my  lodg- 
ing, when  fome  of  the  l-rench  embatTa- 
dor's  fervants  came,  whom  he  hatl  fent  to 
meet  me  out  of  town  ;  but  they  having 
taken  the  wrong  way,  had  tnifTed  of  me. 
As  foon  us  they  were  gone,  the  fecretary 
and  fervants  of  the  £w^.y/6  embafTador  came 
to  bid  me  .velcome ;  and  the  lecretary 
cntring  with  me  into  a  long  converfation, 
mv  chiaui  grew  uneafy  at  it,  faying,  it 
was  contrary  to  cullom  to  converfe  with 
the  foreij;n  minillcrs,  before  I  had  audi- 
ence of  the  vizir.  I  exeufed  it  in  the  beft 
manner  1  was  able,  laying.  That  among 
the  minillcrs  of  the  Cbnjtian  powers  the 
cullom  was  fo,  antl  to  neglect  it  would  be 
look'tion  as  an  incivility  ;  befides,  on  fuch 
occalions  nothing  material  was  treated  of, 
but  all  conlill'-d  in  compliinents,  nor  could 
he   take  aniili  any  tiling  that  patTed  be- 

VOL.    V. 


iween  the  miuiltcrs  of  tliofc  two  crowns,  P.  m  ,mpi 
wli<j  beint;  in    fo  Uriel  an  alliar..'-  w  ';•  hi'  '-^W^ 
Suiedi/)}  niajelly,  antl  all  three  bcinj;  inti 
mate  frieiitls  ot  the  Ottoman  Pnfe,  lie  had 
no  reafon  to  miitrull  them,  th'-y  having 
not  the  lealt   thought  ot  any  thing  tliful- 
vanr iji^ioiis  to  the  Ottoman   Porte;    wiiith 
fitisly'd  him.     /\lttr  dinner,  the  rclldtnt 
ot  the  emperor  lent  lome  perlons  wiili  his 
compliments  1  but  a  fjjiibi  that  w.is  ord  r'd 
to  be  my  lioor-keeper,  would  not  let  them 
come  in,  but  lent  them  aw.iy  unknown  to 
me.     Imnictliately  alter,  others  came  ttoiu 
the  rtfident  of  Holland  on  the  like  enanil, 
who  woukl  have  been  fent  away  likev/il'e, 
hatl  1  not  prevented  it.    The  next  ilay  I  fent  !'■  'V;,» 
meliages  to  return  my  compliinents  to  the  '  !'•'  '"'"' 
lorelaal  minillcrs, ami  exeullil  myfelf  to  that  I'^'y^nfj, 
ot  the  emperor,  that  his  people  were  not 
admitted,  antl  he  at'ierw.ircls   lint   to   mc 
with  better  futctfs.     It  is  the  culi.nn    in 
('.onJlantino[!c,  contrary  to  what  is  obfciveil 
in   chrini;'n   countries,    th.it  tlie  miiiillers 
who  refitle  there,  fend   tiill  to  liini    that 
ai rives-,  they  give  the  title  of  illullrious, 
even  to  the  lefidentsi  antl  in  vifiiin;^  treat 
one   another   with    Iweetmeats   ami   wine. 
However,    they  con.   rfe  but   little  toge- 
ther,   antl    live   rctirotl,    notwithltanding 
tiieir  principals  are  in  fricndllii[). 

The  17'''  of  A/rtyl  had  auuiemc  of  the  ,,  ,1^,., 
great  vtzir  Copryli  Mehemet  bajft,  which  AjJiciKC 
by  reafon  of  the  intlifpofition  ot  my  foot,  "'  ■'"  '''■ 
1  fain  would  have  deter'd  lome  tiays  ;  but  ~'^' 
the  vizir  infifling  upon  it,  norwithll.inding 
it  v/,i%lV/jil/undiiy,  1  was  alloAe.l  no  fartlier 
excufes.  Befides  that,  the  eneoy  of  Tr;;*;- 
fylvania  defired  me  to  make  a  begin- 
ning, and  enter  upon  bufinefs  for  fear  of 
the  i;»2i>,  who  was  a  rigorous  m.i..,  might 
make  him  fuft'er  tor  it.  I  went  in  tlu  morn- 
ing half  an  hour  pall  Icven  on  hoi  f  back 
from  my  lodging  10  the  Strand,  whci  t'  1  went 
into  a  boat,  and  was  rowed  to  tlic  har- 
bour next  to  the  em()eror's  Seraglio,  call'd 
BafsCapi;  there  I  mounted  a  liuile  again, 
which  I  had  borrow'd  of  the  refiilent  ot  Tran- 
fylvania,  and  went  to  the  vizir's  houfe,  that 
lay  a  good  way  from  the  water,  Firll  rid  Proceffi- 
my  cbtaus  by  hiinfelf,  he  was  lollowetl  by  on. 
half  of  my  retinue  on  foot  two  aiul  two,  al- 
ter that  my  ^(/w/zrfHf'j  in  tlieir  drefs,  viz.  a 
high  cap  of  elk  Ikin,  trim'ti  with  a  gold 
lace  a  hand  broad,  and  in  the  forepart  a 
fcutcheon  of  filver  gilt,  half  a  yanl  i.igh, 
in  the  hand  a  great  cane  with  an  ivory 
head  1  after  the  i:'niz,tries  went  my  inter- 
preter, I  on  horfeback  came  next,  ami  be- 
hind me  the  rell  of  my  rcriniie.  Being 
come  to  the  ftairs  of  his  houfe,  I  alii^lueil 
from  my  horfe,  and  was  as  gooti  a'^  carried 
into  a  room  that  was  hung,  wliere  I  waited  a 
little  till  I  was  call'd  into  tlw.  vizir':,  room  ; 
for  they  never  allow  any  perlon  to  godi- 
b  L  a-aiy 


'•i 
M 


.,  I 


'V 


t 


't 


":l 


'    III 


'ii: 


dBi 


yl  Relatian  of  a  Journey 


■  f 


1' 


».ii  : 


The-  . 

rL'jni 


K<i-x.ii    ri/ilv  ill  to  them,  but  let  ilum  fiiil  w.ir 

W^>"Va  while  •,  it  cvni  !■>  a  uriJt  lioiiDur  to  bi- 

broii^lit  into  a  li|Mr.itf  ajurtnuiif,  moll 

|HO[il     biinp  ohIijjwJ  to  wait  iii  the  .ii\ii- 

ti\.iiiilHr  or  h.ill. 

In  tla-  aiidiMuc  room  thrrc  vM.rc  two 
rliairs  jilacf'l,  a  littir  liniarc  one  lor  llu 
f;;//',  and  an  ami  iliair  ol  red  vilvti  lor 
ii.'.  1  was  introduced  by  chmu.i  /'.///),  ami 
liinu'diatily  alur  I  hid  fnicrcd  the  room, 
tin  r;t//  canv.  dli)  oiit  ot  his  tliainbcr  v 
we  Itt  down  i\uli  u^xm  Wis  chair  over 
aj^iinll  one  another  •,  the  W2)>  Ix-g  iii  firll 
tolpeik  to  my  imnpieier,  askinj.',  howl 
came  liy  tliat  aiciilent  on  my  tool,  wuh 
foMK  txprcdioiib  of  eoni|iairioni  tluii  I 
nude  hiM)  a  coniiiiuiKiii  in  your  mi|f!- 
lly's  name,  dilivcrinn  him  your  I'Ucr, 
which  he  received  with  ^reat  veneration, 
and  gave  it  to  the  duniellor,  by  them 
call'd  >vu  dftnJi.  Aft.r  ths  I  Ipoke 
concerning  my  comnninon  in  general, 
referring  mylelf  to  a  mrnuiri.il  I  liai.1  with 
me,  contaiinn;^  the  (xiriicuiars,  to[;cther 
with  the  pro[H;r  arguments  drawn  ui>  in 
lurkfl),  whii.h  I  ileiivered  at  the  lame 
time  with  a  tranflation  of  tiie  letter.  The 
realbn  why  i  di  Hvercd  it  in  writing,  was, 
I.  Becaiili;  the  i.itcrprcters  do  not  exadly 
keep  to  one's  words.,  but  either  ulc  other 
exprcffions,  or  adil  Ibmethinf;  of  their 
own,  which  in  x  matter  of  liieh  moment 
might  ealily  have  done  prejudice,  i.  Tiic 
TurkiMc  much  wanJerint;  in  tiieir  thoughts, 
lb  that  they  do  not  tike  things  lb  well 
only  from  liifcourle.  ■},.  They  h.\vc  no 
patience  to  hear  a  long  fpeaker,  but  one 
mull  make  lew  woids  in  Ipcaking  with 
ihcm.  4.  I'oreiyi  minillers  have  their 
Ipies  at  publick  audiences.  •-.  It  is  cuf- 
toniary  with  them  to  do  bulinels  in  writ- 
ing 1  for  even  the  v'uir  himlelf,  when  he 
is  with  the  emperor,  tranfads  all  in  writ- 
ing, and  talks  but  feklom  with  bim.  Af- 
ter having  ilclivercd  the  writings,  the  i/zir 
began  to  ask,  1.  How  your  majefty  did? 
I.  Where  you  were?  .j.  How  lirongA<»- 
y''!""^'  iplzk'j  was?  4.  About  the  dcfign  and  in- 
'  '■'"■■  untion  of  your  majelfy's  lonjuniition  with 
hlni.  •;.  What  towns  anil  fortrefles  your 
m.ij'  llv  h.id  in  pofllflion  in  Poltimi.  To 
all  wliii.h  I  returned  proper  anfwcrs.  Af- 
terwards he  nfked,  whether  your  mijclly 
had  deleated  the  enemy  (ince  thatconjundi- 
on?  1  thereupon  lirli:  mentioned  in  a  few 
words  the  chief  encounters  tliat  had  p.iJ- 
fcd  before  ;  but  that  after  tlic  conjunction, 
whilll  I  was  there,  no  decilive  aftion  hacl 
happened,  king  Cajiiiur  not  having  a  ful- 
fil iiiit  army  tor  oHering  battel  ;  he  replied. 
Why  did  not  your  maielty  march  your 
army  back  again  into  your  own  country, 
lince  tliey  w^re  not  able  to  refill  you? 
Upon   wliicii   I  gave  him  an  account  of 


The  :•;■ 


:i)  ti.'.'iii. 


ih:    ir.inli(itions  ol    l.dl   year,    how    the 
ll.it's  ol    Potaiiil    lutrcndred    themlelvcs, 
how  they  reiiounciil  (iujimir,  and  how  at 
tin-  pop.'s  iiilUgaiion  the  /V/o  had  bruki: 
their  o.ilh    and   piomiKs.     Your   majclly 
then  lore  w.\s   now  alK>ut  puiluing  and  pu- 
nilliiiig  liiole   rebels,    aiul  bringing   tlieni 
to  rciliin.     I  larilu r  aci|u.iinticl  him,   how 
thiinigii  the  p<>|)e'!i  intrigues  the /V/ci  had 
rnadt  .111  .dliince  with  the  C'cdrot   Ruffia, 
and    (oiilentrd    to    li.ive    his  foil  tor  lluir 
king.      To  this  he  anfwereil  in  great  pal- 
lion,  this  the  Pcli-s  will  never  content  toj 
he   laid  livertl  other  things  on  tliat  lub- 
jcd.  too  N)ng  to  be  rel.ited   here.     As  tor 
the  rell  he  uled  me  with  great  iivility  in 
his    diliourk,    in    receiving   and    difinif- 
ling    me  1    lb  that  all   wlio  were    [irelent 
could  not  but  exprels  iheir  great  furprize, 
as    biing   ijuire    contrary    to   his  iiilloni, 
whiih   is    to   give   every    body  furly  and 
lliort  aniwers.     After  the  lontereiuc,    he 
hung  a   coat  u[M)n  me,  and  gav^  alio  to 
e.uh  of  my  people  one  ,   lo  we  went  .iw.iy 
like  nuili.  priclls,  keeping  the  coats  on  till 
we   go!    on    horleb.uk,    then    I   took  oil 
mine.      When  I  w.is  got  out  ol   tlie  outer 
gue  ol   the  Wi/V's  kr.iL'.lio  into  the  llreet, 
my  ibiiiis,  .md  another  ol  the  vtztr\  lir- 
vaiits,  tlut    begg'il  foiiie  money,  coming 
ttx)ne.irmy  horle,    he  kicked   twice,  and 
tJircw  botii   their  horli  s  with  the  rickrs  to 
the  ground,    their    white  luibans  roiling 
along   the  llreet  ;    my  cbiaui  that  was  an 
oil!  and  an  heavy  man,  tell  upon  the  other 
Turk,  and  .is   it    happen'd,     received    no 
h.irm,  but  ih>'.  other  was  to  bruiled,    tlut 
the  blood  gullud  out  of  his  note  ami  ears, 
and  the  next  day  he  died.     This  at   tirlt 
occa  lioned  laughter,  but  afterwards   it  was 
loidv'd  upon  as  ominous,  that  a   Swculifii 
horle  at  one  llroke  had  thrown  down  two 
Turks,  this  nation  being  very  fuperllitious. 
Bolides,  rhey    have  a  particular  fulpicion 
againfl  the  Szcedi/l  nation,  it  being  writ  in 
their  prophecies,   that  their  empire  (liall '^  P^^'P'"^ 
be  dellroy'd  by  a  northern  nation,  of  which  ^I"^°"t' 
I  fliall  make  tart  her  mention  hereafter.       coneem- 
The  ii)'^of  A'liiy  being  tlie  third  I'.-llivai  ingacer- 
oilVbttJuntidc,  I  had  audience  ot  the  empe-  '■>'"  "<"■- 
ror  Sultan  Ahbcmet,  which  was  perlorined     "'^  "*' 
a.s  follows.     In  the  morning  about  three  ,,.  ^/jy< 
o'  clock,  I  went  from  my  lodging  by  wa-  AuJicme 
ter  to  the  abovementioned  harboui,   near  ot ''"^  «'"- 
ihc  firaglio,  where  my  horf«  Hood  re.idy,  l"^''"'- 
wlijch    I  mounted,    and  rid   to  the  empe- 
ror's /ctaglio  in  the  following  procclTion, 
I.  Kotle  (hiatifcs.    2.  The  refident  of  7n;«-  IVoccffi 
JylviUtiti,   iuid  a  liicictary  ol  TruMfykiunia,  ""• 
jacobus  Hanzaiii.      i,.  I  he  envoy  ot  Tntn- 
fylviium,  Tordiit  ihem  .done,   he  had  de- 
lired  his  own  audience   might   be  ;int  oti, 
in  ex|)e(fhuion  of  this  opportunity,   when 
he  knew  he  would  be  treated  with  greater 

honour. 


fiW     the 

mlilvM. 

how  ni. 

ni.i  jelly 
I  .iiul  |)U- 
^^^   tlicni 

III),    liow 

Polei  luit 
I  liuffia, 
lor  tluir 
ri.it  pal- 
ilini  toi 
liac  lub- 
A»  lor 
ivility  in 
1  ililinir- 
;  prtlcnt 
liirpriic, 

(lllluil), 

liirly  .iiul 
cnii',  he 
..  alii)  lo 
irnt  .iw.iy 

Its  (111  till 

took  ort" 
till-  outer 
ill-  llrctt, 

!Uir\  (iT- 

,  coming 

fikv,  and 

c  ritkrs  to 

lis  rolling 

a  I  was  an 

the  other 

civcil    no 

iial,    tiuc 

ukI  cars, 

at   lirlt 

,   it  was 

Siveilijb 

Jown  two 

lUtious. 

fulpjcion 

ifj;  writ  in 

jirc  Hull '^  P'°P'"- 

cattcr.  concen)- 
d  t'.'llival  ing  a  eer- 
ie cmpe-  '■>'"  "<"- 
r  ormcU  ■  _ 
out  three  ,y  May: 
g  by  wa-  Audience 

ui,   near  o"!"-' "n- 
d  rcatly,  ^'"''■ 
!ic  empe- 
ocelFion. 
of  "Iran-  I'roccfli 
ijyhuma,  ""• 
ot  'I'riin- 

liad  de- 

•i"t  oli, 
y,  when 
h  greater 

lonuur. 


to  Conlhintinoplc. 


683 


honour,  than  it  lir  had  hail  audience  liy 
iiiniUU.  4.  I  rode  by  my  hit',  r.  He- 
hind  111'-  tny  Ktiiiuc  on  foot,  coiifillinn  ot 
about  40  pirlons,  many  ot  the  / tymhitw- 
bdliuloi's  people,  and  iii-ncb  ineriliants 
attt  ndiiig  among  my  ntiiiue,  p.irtly  .11  my 
dclire,  partly  out  ol  their  own  curioluy. 
In  this  order  I  went  through  the  lirll  pa- 
lace-yanlol  \.\m:  jentglw  to  the  lecoiid  ^.ite, 
where  I  ali^hteilon  a  high  beiu  h  ot  marble 
made  lor  that  puriiofe,  tall'd  HeAptitJJjt, 
for  none  are  permitted  to  ride  iiuo  ilie  in- 
ner tourt  i  atterwartis  I  went  on  foot  in 
TK'  mirr  tjic  aforementioned  o.der  through  this  111  • 
luiiri.  ncr  court,  which  is  tour  Iquarc,  and  very 
large,  let  with  laurel,  cyprels,  and  other 
trees,    more    like  a   park,    there  being  a 


I'lrinp;  his  <iriler<  about  the  audience  i  that '< '>*"•• 
note  wan  tarried  to  the  em|>eror  by  a  (<»/i/ii  ^^^V%^ 
/,///;,  who  had   a  lilvrr  Halt   in  Ins  hind  ; 
the  enijKTor  lent  his  orders  to  the  vizir  like- 
wile  in  a  note,  whi(  li  \\\t  i.tjiici  bajii  tarried 
aloti  v.\  his  ri(;ht  liind,  and  win  re  he  pal- 
fed   by,  the   people  role  up  and  made  a 
rcfpeClive  bow   to  the  paper.     After  liiis, 
I  w.isdtlired  to  tome  to  dinner  in  the  room  iVmntr  ;«i 
whrrc  the   ii|.:;y  was,  whieli  pil's'd    in  the  i'"''      •* 
following   mannc  r.     in  the    vizi)\  place  '""'"• 
(who  abrcnte<l  himh  If,  beciufe  lie  f.dled) 
lat  'Jujfull  h.ij'a,  one  of  ilic   leven  vi'^irs  \ 
over  agaiall  liim  llood  a   chair  ot  red  vel« 
vet,  ufion  which  I  tat  down,  and  the  en» 
•'oy  <if  TfiinhlviiHiiiiiy  me  on  my  I "tt  lidcv 
then  c.ime  he  that  laid   liie   cloth,  lettini; 


Tlie  Di 

Viltt,  ot 
I'cunfil 
chimbcr. 


griMtmany  rcddeer  and  harts  in  it.  Along  a  Im.ill  Iquare  llool  between  us,  and  a  Hat 

all  the  four  fides  are  porches,    or  fheds  of  round  filver  didi  u|hjii  it,  in  the  (li.ipe  of 

boards  fupported  by  marble  pillars  1    uii-  a  large  w.iter  bafon,  which    Icrved   for  \ 

iler  the  porch  on  the  right  h.ind  flood  the  table,  upon  whicii  the  cloth  was  laiil.     The 

j««i;/j/- ijjd  with  his  olHccrs,  who  h.id  high  rell   of  the  manner   of  dining   being  like 

and  large  bunches  of  leathers  upon  their  that  of  the  h,i(/a  ot  Si/ijl/ia,   I  Ihill  refer 

heads,  and  were  ilrcIsM  in  gold  brocade  of  to  it :    Iherc  were  in  all  live  fuch  t  ible ,  in 

many  colours  •,   behind  them  flood  the  ;<»-  the  room,  one  in  tlie  Iront,  at  whuli  I  far 

ntzaru-s  ui  tour  ranks,  all  along  that   li.le  with  the  mentioned  vizir,  and  one  in  each 

of  the  court  1  they  were,  as  I  guelTed  by  corner  ;  at  that  on  the  right  hand  fat  /lib- 

cye-fight,    about    10   or   1 'oo,    all    well  met  baffa,   alio  a  rhi/,    bv   himfelf;    at 

drels'd,    with  furr  caps  iii)on  their  hcids.  the  other  on  the  left     md  lat  two  judges 

On  the  left  hand  Hood  a  long  row  of  chi-  of  Ajia  and  Europe,  can  d  Cadt  hs  Kiai ; 

atiji's,  with  their  high  white  tiirb.ini  upon  out  of  which  always  one   is  t.dcen   to  be 

their  he.ids  •,  in  the  nikklle  of  the  lall  row,  miifli:  on  the  left  fide  of  the  room  Ni/itn- 

in  a   large  rcxini,  call'd   Divan,  which  is  ^  Mtijiafa  btijfa  ilined    with   the  refulent 

their  council  clumfier,  was  the  great  vizir  and  lecretary  of  Tranfylvaniii,  anil  two  of 

Atting  in  the  hunt,  drelsMina  white  fattin  my  retinue;  on  the  right  fide  of  the  room 

coat  hii'd  with  fable,  to  whom  I  bow'd  in  fat    the    high    treafurcr,    cdl'd    ti-fleril.ir, 

pafTing  by  ;  on  the  right  hand  in  the  front  who  is  a  baffa,  by  him  fit  fecrctary    Klin- 

towards  the  court,  fat  a  row  ol  about  Oo  grn,  ami  another  of  my  retinue  1  the  nil 


of   my   people  dined    in    another    1 00111. 
'I'hcrc  was    fuch  a  fileiice  during  dinner.  With  fuiti 
that    not  one  word  was   fpoke,    nor   the  icIi-mko, 
Icall  noife  perceived;  the  attendants  ferv-  ''"'  ""'. 
ing  at  table,  going  to  and  fro  in  very  go(j  1  '^"' ''''". 
order  and  quietnefs.     All  that  were   pre   tci. 
lent   fat  like  images  looking  ilown  before 


Money 
rot  count 
cil  Ihu 
wcii;lici!. 


or  70  biijfui,  all  drel.s'd  in  filver  brocade, 
and  high  white  turham  mion  their  heads -, 
I  and  the  envoy  ot  'I'ranfyvdnia  were  con- 
duileil  to  the  left  hand  I'lde,  where  we  and 
our  retinue  lat  down.  Immediately  after, 
a  great  heap  of  bags  of  money  were  laid 
down  biforc  me,  with  which  the  empe- 
ror's fervaiits  and  troops  were  to  be  paid,  them,  twcaiife  the  emperor  himfelf  was 
Thw  money  was  not  counted  but  weigh'd  j  upon  the  roof,  and  look'd  through  a  glafs 
neitlKT  is  it  ufual  among  the  Tttrki  in  talk-  window  upon  us,  wherefore  non3  durft 
ing  of  money,  to  reckon  by  hundreds  or  look  up  on  pain  of  death.  Only  Ibme 
thouiands  pieces  in  number,  but  by  lb  chiatiffi  run  to  the  other  tables,  where  they 
many  bags  or  purfes,  each  purl'e  contain-  had  viftiials  given  them,  t.iking  (bme  in 
ing  5t)o  ri.xdoll.irs  ;  lb  if  you  hear  too  didies,  fome  in  their  hands,  and  Ibme  in 
Audience  \^.j^^  mention'd,  there  is  50000  rixdollars  fmall  bags,  which  they  carry  about  iheni, 
"""''^  meant  by  it;  they  .always  take  care  to  to  put  up  all  fort  of  eatables  roaiteel  and 
L\^i"n^  fix  the  audience  of  fbrcign  embafiadors,  boiled,  even  foups,  all  together;  tor  the 
emiuili-  upon  a  day  when  the  forces  are  to  be  paid,  'lurks  look  Uipon  it  as  a  lign  of  grandeur, 
don.wlicii  jjj  niake  a  fliew  of  their  grani!cur.  Before  when  fuch  people  come  to  beg  Ibmetliing 
themiiitia  [jj^y  beg.in  to  dillribute  the  money,  the  from  their  table.  Dinner  being  over,  and 
lejurtlar,  i.  e.  tnafurer,  came  to  ask  my  the  tables  taken  away,  the  grand  vizir 
name,  which  he  took  down  in  writing,  it  came  in  again,  and  tat  down  by  me  in  the 
beign  c.illomary  to  regiller  at  whole  au-  pl.icc  of  Jii/Jiijf  b<tj[j,  who,  u^oii  the  y^  ^  j, 
dieiice  the  pay  was  made.  Then  the  grand'  other's  a ppro.ich,  got  out  of  the  way,  aSj,„(hewn 
vizir  wrote  a  note  to  liie  emperor,  ac-  if  he  had  ixsn  turneil  out  ot  doors ;  llieh  to  tlic 
quaintiiig  him  with  my  prefence,  and  de-  is  the  veneration  they  fliew  the  grand  ww-.  K''"''"- 

He  ^■"'- 


it  paid. 


iV. 


I 


I 


'I  :• 


1'^ 


6S4. 


A  Relation  of  a  'Journey 


Tlic  nudi- 
ruuni. 


The  em- 
peri>r's 

iluradcr. 


Rii.A-T..  Mc  fpoke  very  friendly  tome,  'nqiiircil 
-^V"^  liow  I  was  in  IkmIcIi,  afcfrwards  lu"  ilclircii 
us  to  take  our  places  again,  ami  to  pre- 
pare for  tlic  audience.  'rhcrcu[x>n  I  wicli- 
tirew,  and  being  come  to  my  former  place 
p.g.dn,  I,  and  tliofe  I  had  witii  iiic,  had 
lorg  eoats  of  gold  brocade  hung  about  us, 
according  to  cullom.  Tiie  great  vizir, 
p;id  tiuee  other  vizirs  being  gone  into  th.- 
e  "peror  lirfl,  1  was  foon  after  conduced 
into  liis  prefencc.  The  room  where  he 
ufes  to  give  pviblick  audience,  callM  Di- 
v:vt  ILiiir,  is  but  little  and  dark,  and  you 
go  two  lleps  down  into  it.  The  emperoi 
fat  upon  a  throne  railed  a  yard  from  the 
ground,  whieh  had  four  pillars,  a  ith  cur- 
tains ab-'.'. e  and  below,  round  about; 
within  were  laid  long  cufhionF,  which 
made  it  elmoll  lock  like  a  Fn'iicbbcd  ;  tlic 
pillars  were  covered  over  with  gold  ;  the 
kr.obs  fet  with  iliamoniis,  the  cufhions  and 
curtains  embroidered  with  pearls;  the  lloor 
was  fpread  over  with  red  velvet,  richly 
embroidered  with  gold,  which  we  walked 
upon.  'I'he  emperor  \i'as  eighteen  years 
of  .\i/:  his  face  tawny  and  long,  of  a  pu- 
fillanimous  and  ftupid  phyfiognomy,  he 
wore  a  white  turban,  with  two  black 
plumes  of  hern  feathers,  one  hanging  down 
on  each  fide,  and  a  filvcr  brocade  coat  of 
many  colours ;  the  grand  vizir  (tood  next 
by  him,  and  th'-^e  other  ^<i//.vi  on  the  other 
fide,  who  ftood  fo  immoveable,  as  if  they 
liad  been  nailed  to  the  wall.  In  the  anti- 
chamber  flooti  Caj>i  y/g(<  an  eunuch,  who  is 
head  ot  all  the  white  eunuchs,  and  of 
what  men  there  are  in  the  emperor's  fc. 
raglio  ,  likewife  Kijl.ir  Jga  a  moor,  and 
an  eunuc!'.,  who  is  head  of  all  black  eu- 
nuciis,  ioo  in  number,  and  of  all  women 
in  liie  0  r.iglio.  By  thefe  two  flood  alfo 
ibme  other  white  and  black  eunuchs  and 
mutes,  who  are  much  employed  by  the 
"Tuikijh  emperor  ;  for  by  them  he  gives  his 
moll  confiderable  orders  by  figns,  for  two 
reafons,  i.  That  it  may  be  kept  lecret. 
z.  Thar  he  may  talk  what  lie  plealeth 
without  any  notice.  At  the  door  of  the 
au.^ience  room  Hood  two  ca^uci  bujfas  in 
gokl  broeade  coats,  who  took  me  under 
'he  arms,  and  fo  led  me  in  betbre  the  em- 
peroi, to  wliom  I  riade  a  how;  alter 
wliich  I  was  broug'  1.  fome  fUps  back 
again,  and  there  they  left  m'- ;  then  they 
took  the  envoy  of  Tranfy'vaiiiti,  and 
brought  him  in  to  the  middle  of  the  room, 
where  they  pudied  hini  down  upon  all 
fours;  from  tin  nee  they  carried  him  back 
ag.iin  towards  the  door,  by  the  wall ,  my 
rctinu.-  were  brought  in  one  after  another 
in  the  fane  mancr,  and  fome  thattlid  not 
take  care  of  ihemfelves,  wercpufh'd  down 
to  tlu"  'ground  that  they  quaked  ;  for  there 
v.MS  .1  long  row  of  them,  and  the  cerc- 
4 


flic  em- 
peror 
ytves  Wii 
ordi-TS  by 
cunucl'.s 
and  nii!:c<. 


mony  was  to  be  liifpatchM  in  great  luirrv. 
After  me  fix  of  my  fervants  had  the  fa- 
vour to  be  adinitied,  who  had  alfo  coits 
given  tlieni.  All  this  made  the  laid  f,7///a 
i/,i/r.is  fo  warm,  that  the  fweat  run  down 
tu-ir  face',,  partly  t'loni  working,  pirrly 
from  fiar  ;  tor  had  they  comniitud  the 
\r\i\  fiulr,  ihcy  had  been  undone  at  the 
leal!  v.ink  from  the  emp-ror. 

All  being  now  quirt,  I  filmed  the  cm-  Compli- 
peror  in  yourmajelly's  natTjC  in  Lati:i,  af-  'l""'' "  '" 
luring  him  of  your  frieiuilhip  in  as  few  rgj. 
words  as  pofTible  ;  but  when  I  began  to 
talk  of  the  I'ubjcct  of  my  embafTy,  the 
vizir  interruiiteJ  me,  laying,  he  ha-i  ac- 
quainted the  emperor  with  it  already, 
whicii  otiliged  me  to  flop  there.  I  then 
delivered  his  majelly's  letter,  wrap'd  up 
ill  blew  gold  brocade,  which  a  cipici  hnjft 
t'.ok  from  ny  hands,  and  gave  it  to  the 
vizU\  whi)  laid  it  down  by  the  emperor. 
As  foon  as  this  was  done,  the  caj-'iui  haf- 
Jii!  rook  me  under  my  arms  again  ;  and  af- 
ter hiving  ni.'ilc  a  bow  to  the  emperor, 
conducted  me  out  again,  where  I  mounted 
on  liorllback,  but  wa.  obliged  to  (lay  till 
all  die  jaiiizanes  with  their  officers  were 
palliii  by,  to  march  before  me :  after  this 
!  went  in  the  lame  proctfTion  as  before  ta 
the  harbour,  where  I  flept  into  a  boar, 
and  returned  to  my  lodgings. 

The  next  day  after  the  emperor's  au-  20  M.ty. 
dience,  I  lent  to  the ///«/?;,  tJ  wait  on  him '^'^■*"'|.'- 
with  your  majelK'^  letter ;  hut  he  return-  ^'"^^"^  ,..■ 
cd  an  excule,  pretciKling,  as  he  was  but 
lately  come  into  his  office,  (for  he  had 
indeed  been  in  it  but  eight  days)  he  would 
inform  hir.ifeif  about  the  aH'air,  and  af- 
terward fend  me  word,  However,  though 
he  was  not  altogether  in  tlie  wrong  !b  far, 
for  he  was  nor  only  unexperienced,  but 
alfo  of  no  great  parts  ;  yet  the  main  point 
was,  he  knew  I  was  not  come  flocked  with 
prcfents ;  and  therefore  the  honour  of  re- 
ceiving your  majelty's  let.^r  and  compli- 
ment w.is  of  no  account  with  himj  and 
although  I  afterwards  got  him  underhand 
])ut  in  mind  of  it  once  or  twice,  yet  I  had 
no  notice  of  any  audience;  nor  did  I 
think  it  necelliiry  to  force  your  majelly's 
letter  upon  him,  he  h.^ving  no  cretlit  nor 
authority,  but  living  in  a  fervile  liejien- 
dence  on  the  vizir,  who  had  j)laced  him 
in  that  office,  with  a  defign  of  ellablilhing 
himfelf  the  better  in  his  own:  for  when 
the  em|)eror  defigns  to  make  away  with 
fome  vizir,  or  mike  any  other  confider- 
able change,  he  never  fiils  to  conlult  the 
mufli  about  it,  who  is  the  chief  of  their 
lawyers,  and  whole  o]'.inion  has  great 
weight  with  the  emperor ;  and  accordingly 
thele  views  of  tlie  vizir  had  the  intended 
effecl:  for  in  the  ex[)edition  againll  the 
Venetians,    which   tlie  vizir    commanded, 

things 


m 


to  Conftantinople. 


685 


11  lUirrv. 
id  &.f.  h- 
alfo  coAts 
liiil  aijiici 
run  down 
;r,  piirly 
littal  tlic 
inc  at  the 

tl  the  cm-  Compli- 

Lf   iTicn;  to 
""■•''   ^'- the  cmpc- 
in  as  rew  roc. 
I  began  to 
.xilTy,    the 
,e  liavl  ac- 
c   already, 
e.     I  then 
wrap'tl  up 
caput  hajji 
e  it  to  the 
;  emperor, 

capici  baf- 
m ;  antl  af- 
e  i-mperor, 

I  mounted 

to  Ray  till 
leers    were 

:  after  this 
s  before  to 
to  a   boat, 

•leror's  au-  20  l\l>i. 
,vaitonhim  N^audi- 
,t  he  return- ^,^^„„y-„-. 
he  was  but 
"or  he    had 
s)  he  would 
lir,   ami  at- 
ver,  though 
rong  to  far, 
onceil ,    but 

main  point 
[locked  with 
)nour  of  re- 
md  compli- 
b  him }  and 
n  underhand 

,  yet  I  had 
nor  did  I 
ur  majelly's 
o  credit  nor 

rvilc  depen- 

placed  him 

eilablilhing 

,:  for  when 

■  away  with 

icr  conrkler- 

conluk  the 

lict  of  their 
has   great 

accordingly 

ihe   intcniled 
,iij;ainll   the 
nnrnanded, 
things 


11  M,iy 
Mertige 


things  looked  nt  firft  with  a  bad  afpedtfor 
the  Turks,  fo  that  the  emperor  even  was 
twice  refolved  to  fend  him  a  co^d,  but  the 
mufti  prevented  that  ilorm  both  times  by 
his  intercclTion. 

The  day  following  the  vizir  fent  to  me 
to  falute  ine,  to  ask  after  my  health,  and 
ffom  the  to  bid  mc  be  of  cheat  (their  exprelTion  is 
the  Sa°-  fiff^ioln,  i.  e.    be    merry)    the  emperor 
MJhen-     having  declared  himfelf  favourably  upon 
voy.         your  majefty's  defire,  and  refolved  to  dif- 
patch  me,    before  his  departure   to   the 
army,  with  all  honour,  and  to  your   ma- 
jefty's fatisfaftion.     I  fent  him  an  anfwer 
with  a  compliment,   and  as   I    found  it 
neceffary  to  give  him  a  true  notion  of  the 
affairs,  and  to  clear  up  certain  doubts  he 
had  raifed  about  fome  of  the  articles,  which 
I  had  delivered  to  him  in  writing ;  at  the 
fame  time,  to  get  an  opportunity  of  bring- 
ing him  to  a  firm  refolution  with  relation 
to  the  Tartars,  and  to  get  favourable  or- 
ders to  be  returned  for  them  by  a  courier 
lately  arrived  from   the    cham  of    Crim, 
who  fent  notice  by  him,  that  he  was  rea- 
dy with  his  forces,  and  only  expefted  the 
emperor's  orders.     I   fent  my  chiaus    to 
dcfire  leave  to  wait  on  him  once  more  be- 
fore my  departure.     He  fent  me   a  civil 
anfwer  by  the  chiaus,  appointing  me  for  the 
next  day  to  Terfano,  where  we  could  talk 
more  at  liberty,  his  houfe  in  town  being 
too  much  frequented.    I  went  accordingly, 
and  notwithftanding  he  was  full  of  bufi- 
nefs,  he  fent  every  body  away,   and  ad- 
mitted me  immediately.     Being  now  ac- 
quainted   with    their    way,    I  forthwith, 
without  any    previous  difcourfe,    entered 
upon   my  bufinefs,    and  asked  him,  whe- 
ther the  Porte  was  refolved  to  accept  of  the 
olfer  of  your    majefty's  friendftiip   upon 
the  terms  propoied  ?  he  anfwer'd  very  ci- 
villy, with   affurances  of  reciprocal  good 
offices  i   I  tiicn  touched   upon    the   three 
points   of  my    commiflion,    as  being  the 
ctfeds  intended  by  that  union,  and  defired 
to  know  what  anfwer  I  had  to  expeft  ?  He 
replied.    That  the  Porte   had  long   had 
friendftiip  with  Pclund ;  and  the  Poles  hav- 
ing coniniitLcd  nothing  contrary   to  it,  it 
would  be  wrong  in  the  Porte,  to  abandon 
that  old  friendlliip  for  the  new  one  with 
your  majefty,  which  was  as  yet  to  beefta- 
blidied,  and  to  confent,  out  of  regard  for 
this  new  friend,  that  their  fubjeds  ftioukl 
I-ricnJIliip  l^i-'lp '"  diftrefs  tlieir  old  friends.     I  there- 
between   upon  remonftrated  to  him,  that  the  friend- 
theO.''3-  iliip  otFered  by  your  majefty  was  not  new, 

ir.uii  P^rll  Ij^jj  |,^j    b^.mjn  j„  ^lie  tiiii^.  of  ]^i|,2  Guliil- 
inJ  king  1 1  I  I  11 

C.'dpu/  '^"■^  ^'I'OlpiJiiS,  was  continued  by  queen 
Alilfhus,  CbriJltHit,  with  good  offices  done  in  favour 
jiiJ  queen  of  the  Porte  agaiiill  the  Roman  emperor, 
Cbnjhtid  g^(j  y^.,j5  poyy  confirmed  by  your  m.ijefty  ; 
n'ewcd.'^'  conlequendy  thii  was  no  new  tranfaCUon, 
Vol.  V. 


Final  au- 
dience of 
the lizir. 


but  a  continuation  and  fcciucl  of  the  old  Roiamb 
friendftiip,  only  with  this  difterence,  that  ^-OP^ 
your  majefty  was  willing  to  ftrengthen  the 
old  union, for  which  the  Porte  ought  to  think 
themfelves  fo  much  more  obliged.     Upon 
this  he  anfwered.  Valla  (which  is  a  great 
oath  with  them,  fignifying  as  much  as,  fo 
help  me  God)    all  this  is  very  reafoiiablc, 
adding,  that  I  might  depend  upon  it,  that 
the  Ottoman  Porte  would  never  be  deficient 
in  good  offices  and  finccrity  towards  you 
majefty,  and  would  now  particularly  com- 
ply  with  your    majefty's  delire  as  to  the 
three  points  propofed ;    he  alfo  promiied 
immediately  to  write  to  the  cham,  not  to 
affift   the  Polanders  againlt  your  majclly  ; 
and  to  enquire  of  him  at  the  fame  time 
whether  he  had  not  perhaps  newly  made 
an  alliance  with  Rtiffta,  which  if  not  done, 
he  would  order  him  to  fall  upon  the  Ruf- 
fians.    I  thereupon  defired  an  order  to  the 
cbam  in  writing,     which  he  promifed  to 
give  me.     In  order  to  have  f'lll  refolution 
upon  every  thing,  I  fpoke  concerning  the  T!ic 
prince  of  Traw/y/xiijwi'a  in  particular;    heprin^^of 
fell  into  fomepaffion,  and  asked,  why  your '^'"'■y''' 
majefty  had  that  aftair  fo  much  at  heart?  ^[^'n^ernj 
As  I  knew  the  reafon  why  this  conjuniti-  recom- 
on  or  alliance  was  fufpedled  to  the  Porte,  mended. 
I  enlarged  a  little  on  the  reafons  for  it,  re- 
futing on  the  other  hand  with  plain  argu- 
ments the  pretended  caufes    of  their  mif- 
trufting  him,  protefting  withal,  that  your 
majefty's  intentions  and  defigns  were  fin- 
cere  towards  the  Porte,    without  having 
the  i>>aft  thoughts  againft  their  intereft  or 
adva'  itage.     He  (wore  the  fame  oath  again, 
thpl  if  thofe  were  his  majefty's  intentions, 
the  prince  of  7raiif)hama  ftiould  not  only 
be  forgiven,  but  even  the  grand  fignor's 
own   troops  ftiould   be  at  your  majefty's 
fervice,    if  defir'd.     He   concluded   with 
this  general  promife,  that  your  majelty's 
defires  fliould  be  complied  with   in  every 
refpeft,  and  I  fliould  be  difpatch'd  to  my 
fatisfadlion  before  his  departure. 

Two  days  after,  being  the  25'''  of  Mi)',  ,5  Afjy. 
the  vizir  fent  me  word  by  my  chiaus,  that 
my  recredential   letters  were  drawing  up, 
that  he  had  appointed  the  next  fVednejday,  ty  Af'v. 
being   the  27''',    for  my  expedition,  and 
that  I  might  keep  myfclf  in  readinefs  for 
it,  he  intending  to  fet  out  the  day  after  for 
the  camp,    which  was  about  a  quarter  of 
a  league    from  the  city.     However,    the 
appointed  day  being  come,  I  was  not  c.il- 
led  i  wherefore  I  fent  my  chiaus  to  the  vi- 
zir, lO  know  the  reafon  of  this  delay,  and  Remem- 
to  put  him  in  mind  of  his  promife,  the  ^™i ''" 
time  of  his  departure  being  ib  near.     His  ^-f  p,"" 
anfwer  was,  that  having  learned  from  Si-  miic  ui 
lifiria  and  fVallachia,    that  a  folcmn  em-  dirpjich- 
baffy  from  your  majelly  was  on  the  way  '"^  ""^■ 
hither,  my  expedition  was  dcferr'd  till  its 
8   M  arrival. 


■« '. 


i  w  \- 


w 


p. 


l"l!i 


?M 


4 


f 


i'li  '!i 

1-  :- 


686 


A  Relation  of  a  Journey 


'J: 
it 

-I 


Vizir  I 
Deputy 


Roi  »MB.  arrival.    I  was  apprchenfive,    that  if  the 
'>-orv^  vizir  was  once  arrived  at  the  Dardanels, 
he  would  be  fo  overloaded  with  other  bu- 
fincfs,  thatthele  and  fuch  like affiiirs  might 
be  poftponed  to  your  majefty's  prejudice  i 
befides,  that  thofe  people  are  of  an  incon- 
ftant  mind,  and  do  not  long  flick  to  one 
refolution,  but  are  rather  apt  to  take  con- 
trary iniprcflions  fuggcfled  to  them  by  ill 
afl'ecled  perfons.   A  minifter  was  alio  daily 
expedted  from  Poland,  who  was  not  like 
to  promote  your  maji-fty's  interell: ;    but 
what  I  was  moft  afraid  of,  was,  left  fome 
encounter,  or  any  other  accident  concern- 
ing Rngotjky  might  happen,    that    might 
make  the  Turks  waver,  to  the  prejudice  of 
your  majefty's  intereft.     Thcfe  conlidera- 
tions  put  me  upon  trying  once  more,  whe- 
ther it  was  n(.:  oofTible  to  get  a  confirma- 
tion   of  their   refolutions,   at   my  taking 
leave,  before  the  vizir  proceeded  on   his 
journey;  for  he  was  already  in  the  camp, 
3.  June,   "where  he  ftay'd  eight  days:  accordingly  I 
fent    to  defire  another  audience  of  him, 
but  he  excufct'  himfelf,   pretending  multi- 
plicity of  bufinefs,  and  that  he  had  rcfer- 
Tke  tai-    red  my  affair  to  the  caimakam,  (who  is  the 
makamhe  vizir's  deputy   or  lieutenant  at  Confta/ili- 
'■—■■'■      fiople,  during  the  vizir's  abfcnce,  and  go- 
verns the  whole   ftate)  who  would  fatisfy 
me  in  every  thing.     I  therefore  immedi- 
ately defir'd  audience  of  the  caimakam ;  who 
excufing    himfelf   alfo,    I  infilled  that  J 
might  at  Icaft  fenti  fccretary    Klingen  to 
him  ;  but  he  anfwered  he  durft  not  admit 
anyftranger,  normeii.lle  with  any  bufinefs, 
whilft  the  vizir  was  fo  near,  but  that  as_ 
foon  as  he  was  gone  he  would  give  me  no- 
tice of  it  i  he  did  fo,  and  fent  for  .iie  pre- 
fently  after  the  vizir's  decamping.     I  told 
him  in  a  few  words,  what  the  vizir  and  I 
had  agreed  upon,    and   acquainted  him 
with  your  majefty's  progrels  in  Poland, 
fince    the    conjun^ion   with  Ragot/ky,   of 
which  I   had  received  advice  a  few  days 
before  from  Mr.  Kley  your  majefty's  refi- 
dent  at  Ftenna.    He  received  me  with  all 
civility,  and  anfwered,    the  vizir  had  ac- 
quainted him  with  his  refolution,  and  all 
fhould  be  done  to  your  majefty's  fatisfadti- 
on,  but  only  my  expedition  was  deferr'd 
till  the  arrival  of  the  other  minifter. 

This  was  the  fituation  your  majefty's 
aff'airs  committed  to  my  care  were  brought 
to  before  the  vizir's  departure ,  and  as 
there  could  nothing  more  be  done,  but  to 
wait  for  the  promifed  expedition,  I  em- 
ploy'd  the  reft  of  my  time  in  vifiting  fo- 
reign miniftcrs :  for  before  'his  time,  as 
th  re  was  a  great  number  of  troops  in  the 
city,  the  vizir  had  advifed  me  to  keep  at 
home,  left  1  might  receive  fome  affront, 
he  not  being  able  to  prevent  their  info- 
lerii.* .    This  I  allcdged  to  the  French  and 


r  Jum. 
Audience 
of  the 
titimuiam. 


Englijh  embafladors,  when  I  fent  fecfttary 
Klingen  to  excufe  my  delay  in  vifiting. 

As  for  the  emperor's  minifter  Mr.  .V/- The  cm- 
mon  von  Reninge,   I  expcfted  the  firft  vifit  pen, rot 
from  him,  he  having  but  the  character  of '''''""'*»'• 
rT^dent.     Befides,    there  being  no   great "'"''";": " 
v.-.indence  between   our   mailers,    and  he,,,,,, 
not  feemingverydtfirous  to  r.onie  to  me,  I  l\iu. 
kept  my  vifit  back  alio,  and  remained  with- 
in the  terms  of  thofe  complinitnts  we  had 
exchanged  by  our  fervants  at  my  arrival. 
In  othcrrcfpeiStsheisfaid  to  be  an  ingenious 
and  difcreet  man,  who  has  a  good  character 
among  thofe  that  converfe  with  him,  and 
is  well  beloved   at  that  court,    fince  the 
prcfent  vizir  has  a   great  regard  for  the 
houfe  of  jiuftria  ;    partly  on  account   of 
the  Penelian  war,  which  as  the  Turks  would  JfJ'"^^' 
willingly  be  rid  of  it  with  reputation,  tiic  in  gicu" 
■y/siV^thinks  might  eafily  be  ended  by  the  cuilit 
Roman  emperor's  (whofe  authority  he  ima-  ""''  ''"= 
gines  to  be  the  fome  in  Cbrijlendom,  as  his  '^J'^'"' 
own  is  in  the  TurkiJJj  empire)  obliging  the 
Venetians  to  make  peace  with  them  on  luch 
terms  as  they  (hould  propofe  1  or  by  per- 
mitting their  army  to  march  tlirougii  the 
rmjjeror's  dominions  into  the  Venetian  ter- 
ritories ;  partly  alio  to  prevent  the  Roman 
emperor's  unctcrtaking  any  thing  ag.\inft 
the  Ottoman  Porte,  while   that  war   lafts. 
For  thcfe  reafons  the  houfe  of  Jti/lria  is 
much  carefb'd  by  the  Porte;  and  their  re- 
fident  is  fure  to  effedluate  what  he  will,  by 
the  means  of  his  interpreter  Panejotti,  who  p.infjuti 
is  a  Greek  by  his  religion,  has  learning,  and  imctprc 
is  endowed   with  quick  parts  and  good '"■  ""''f 
fenfe,   above  any  other    dragoman  at  this  "^"^^'1^ 
court,  and  is  much  trufted  by  the  vsztr ; 
lb  that  wh.:t  Panejotti  fiys,  almoft  palTes 
for  an  oracle-,  (for  among thefe  barbarians 
and  ignorant  people,  a  flcnder  tindiirc  of 
knowledge  pafles  for  the  higheft  wildom) 
for  which    reafon   h'.;  has   pcnfions  from 
Traftfylvania,  JVullachia  and  Moldavia,  and 
many  other  quarters,  to  fupport  their  in- 
tereft, when  conlultcd  by  the  Porte,  which 
often    happens.     But  as  he   takes  money 
indifferently  of  them   all;    fo  he  equally 
impofesupon  them  all.     What  makes  his 
credit  ftill  greater,  is,  that  the  r;i,(  im- 
ploys  him  to  tranflate  all  I.atin  letters  that 
come  to  the  Porte,    tiiere  being  no  other 
dragoman  that  undtrftaiids  Latin. 

The  Frencj  emballi'dor  Mr,  dr  la  Hay,  The 
was  about  80  years  of  age,  and  had  been  /Wt- 
20  years   cmbalfador;    a  capricious  man, '^"'''' 
who  for  a  punctilio  would  fet  afide  all  con-''"^' 
fideration,  even  in  matters  ot  coniequencc, 
and  was  at  that  time  upon  ill  terms  with 
the  vizir,  who  had  bid  my  rbiaus  dilfuade 
me  from  vifiting  him.     1  lowever,  I  would 
not  be  wanting  in  what  I  owed  him,  and 
went  to  pay  him  a  vifit  at  the  time  he  luul 
':lmlclf  upijuinted,    but  he   let    me  come 

within 


cinh.tliA 


y:\ 


to  Conflantinople. 


687 


His  cx- 

prellio" 
concern- 
ing the 

SxcMjh 
nation. 


iciocs  iiv.in,^," 


within  his  gate  into  his  orchard,  where  I 
was  met  by   his   fecretary,   who   was  to 
make  an  excufe,  as  if  he  was  indifpofed  ; 
but  the  truth  was,  he/had  taken  amifs  my 
vifiting  the  Englijh  embaflador  before  him ; 
though  he  had  no  reafon  for  it ;   i,  Becaufe 
the  Englijh  embaflador  had  vifited  me  firft, 
and  he  not.     2.  There  was  the  fame  good 
underftanding  between  your  majefty  and 
his   matter.     }.  The   Englijh  embaflador 
had  invited  me  that  day  to  dinner.     4.  He 
had  the  fame  morning  been  with  the  mufti 
about  your  majefly's  affairs,    and  was  to 
bring  me  an  anfwer  ■,   and  as  he  was  to  go 
next  morning  to  the  caimakam  on  the  fame 
errand,  he  wanted  my  information.  5.  Hav- 
ing already  heard  of  the  French  embaflli- 
dor's  capricious  temper,  I  had  left  him  the 
choice  of  his  own  time,  either  in  the  fore- 
noon or  in  the  afternoon,  and  he  appointed 
afternoon.  But  waving  all  this,  as  he  did  not 
greatly  afteft  your  majefty,  or  the  common 
caufe,  this  occafion  Ihewed  what  was  to  be 
cxpefled  from  him  For  altho'  I  had  wrote 
to  him  from  Tranfylvania,  and  dcfiredhim 
to  acquaint  the  Porte  of  my  coming,  and  to 
excufe  my  bringing  no  prefents  with  me,  he 
had  indeed  done  it  but  fuperficially,  having 
only  fent  his  dragoman  to  the  vizir ;  who  be- 
ing a  proud  and  fcornful  man,  was  not  r.  lit- 
tle provoked   at  it.     After  my  arrival, 
wlien  an  aiack  divan  (that  is,  a  general 
council)  had  been  held,    concerning  my 
commilTion,  and  the  writing  I  had  given 
in,   after  the  breaking  up  of  which,  the 
•vizir  (lit  down  and  difcourfed  on  that  lub- 
jeft  i  among  others,  one  call'd  Sali  pnjfa 
began  to  fpe.ik  of  your  majefty  and  your 
exploits,  much  in  the  fame  terms  he  had 
heard  me  talk  the  day  before,  and  turned 
his  difcourfe  to  this  conclufion,  they  ou»ht 
by  all  means  to  lay  hold  of  this  opportu- 
nity of  embracing  your  majefty'sfriendlhip. 
Upon  this  M.  la  Borde  the  French  embaffa- 
dor'soldeft  interpreter:  who  had  been  fent 
thither  prepared,  began  to  caution  them, 
faying,    They  (hould    be  aware    of   the 
Swedes ;  for  it  is  a  nation   (thefe  were  his 
exprefllons)   who,  if  they  can  get  a  hole 
big  enough  to  put  a  finger  into,  they  will 
not  give  over,    till  they  can  follow  with 
their  wiiole    body ;    Poland   they     have 
already  brought  under  their  yoke ;  if  they 
arc  allowed  to  keep  it,  they  will  foon  long 
for   Moldavia  and  IVallachia  alfo  :    and  at 
laft  e-     nd   their  defires  even   beyond  the 
Danul'c;  you  have  better  neighbours   of 
the  Poles  -,  confcquently  it  is  more  advif- 
able  for  you  to  an"ift  them  in  driving  the 
Swedes  out  of  Poland.     I  liad  delivered  to 
the  vizir  on  the  1 5'''  of  June  a  paper,  in 
which  I  mcntion'd  the  alli.inces  and  friend- 
fliip  that  were  fubfifting  between  his  ma- 
jefty and  Irance,  i^c.     The  vizir  having 
I 


fent  to  enquire  concerning  that  matter  Rolamd. 
among  the  foreign  minifters,  the  French'^'^^'f^ 
embaifador  fent  his  interpreter  to  the  vizir, 
to  tell  him  for  anfwer  on  his  part,  that 
formerly  there  had  indeed  been  an  alliance 
between  France  and  Sweden,  but  that  was 
now  at  an  end,  and  France  had  no  further 
concerns  with  Sweden.  Nay,  when  I  de- 
fir'd  him  to  ftir  and  fpeak  in  behalf  of  the 
common  caufc,  heexcufcd  himfelf;  fome- 
times  he  pretended  it  would  found  too 
harfli,  and  look  like  threatning,  to  men- 
tion that  France  and  Sweden  flood  in  fo 
clofe  an  union,  that  to  comply  with  the 
one,  was  obliging  the  other  alfo  i  at  other 
times  he  was  too  tender  to  give  umbrage  to 
the  emperor's  refident.  Both  which  cx- 
cufes  were  but  fliifts  too  eafily  feen  through  ; 
for  on  the  other  hand,  he  cultivated  j. 
great  intimacy  with  the  emperor's  refident, 
carefled  the  internuncio  of  Pol.ind  exceed- 
ingly i  and  in  (hort,  was  indefatigable  in 
obftrufting  your  majefty's  aftairs  and  the 
common  caufe.  As  for  the  reft,  he  kept 
too  much  company  with  monks,  and  was 
a  great  promoter  of  their  interefts,  a  man 
of  infinite  intrigues,  efpecially  in  the  af- 
fairs with  Venice,  in  which  he  had  meddled 
very  much,  and  for  which  he  was  fuf- 
pefted  and  hated  by  the  Turks,  who  inter- 
cepted fome  of  his  letters  to  the  Venetians, 
and  by  that  means  were  come  to  know  what 
fums  had  been  paid  him  by  that  republick. 

The  Englijh  embafliador,  lord  Tkr^as  Ti.e  E«g- 
Bendyjfe  f3.id  me  the  firft  vifit,  on  which  ¥^^"*- 
occafion,  as  well  as  before  in  his  frequent  '^*''^'^'"'* 
meflages  to  me,  hcaflTuredme  in  many  and 
ftrong  expreflions  of  his  veneration  and 
good  intentions  towards  your  majefty  and 
the  common  caufe,  offering  himfelf  moft 
readily  to  affift  me  in  all  that  could  be  for 
your  majefty's  fervice.  Upon  my  arrival,  he 
had  call'd  all  the  Englijh  merchants  at  Con- 
Jlantinople  together,  reprefenting  to  them 
the  great  friendfliip  that  was  between  your 
m.ijefty  and  the  protector,  and  acquainted 
them  with  the  ftrift  orders  he  had  from  him 
toefpoufe  \\\sSwediJIj  majefty's  intcrcft  at  this 
court.  Therefore,  feeing  your  majefty's 
envoy  was  now  arriv'd,  he  exhorted  them 
to  neglefl  no  opportunity  of  giving  to  all 
the  Turks  with  whom  they  converfed,  fuch 
impreflions  as  might  tend  to  your  maje- 
fty's advantage,  and  to  the  promoting  of 
the  common  caufe.  He  lumfelf  at  my 
requeft  went  in  perfon  to  the  caimakam, 
the  mufti,  the  bujlami  pajji,  and  others  of 
his  acquaintance,  fetting  forth  to  them  the 
reafons  that  were  moll  conducive  to  the 
ends  propofed.  To  fum  up  all,  he  left 
nothing  untried  to  give  real  proofs  of  all 
that  can  be  defired  of  an  ally  and  friend  j 
?.nd  this  not  only  in  the  beginning,  but 
alfo  during  all  the  time  I  was  obliged  to 

continue 


1 

iff 

A: 


I 


!. 


It 


\ 


% 


^f 


688 


A  Relation  of  a  'Journey 


m 


■;  u 


).. 


is  fi! 


'1;: 


Pi:  I:: 


VVA 


;;.;(■ 


RoLA-.m.   continue  at   Conf, antittople  for  your  majc- 

'•'Ors.^  fly's  ilrvicc  i    he  was  otherwill;  ,\  man  of 

griMt  civility  and  good  undcrflanding,  and 

lias    moft  credit  at  tiic  Ottoman  Porte  of 

any  ot  tlic  foreign  minifters  of  this  time, 

both  on  account  of  the  rcfpcft  they  bear 

to  his  inalter,  and  for  liis  own  fincerity. 

The  The  Duub  miniiler  Mr.  Vainer  was  firll 

Dut.b  re-  appointed  refident  hy  tiic  Oltcmaii  Porte, 


Well  vcrf 
ed  in  lliL- 
orier.ul 
lansu.ije*. 


and  afterwards  confirmed  by  the  States-,  a 
man  well  verfed  in  the  oriental  l.inguages, 
but  fitter  for  a  prof  Ifor,  than  for  a  pub- 
lick  miniiler;  for  iiis  whole  delight    and 
bufincfs  confided  in  reading  Rabin's,  and 
all   forts  of  other  oriental   writings  ;    for 
which  purpc'fe  he  kept  Hehreus,  that  at 
certain  hours  of  the  day  went  to  inflruft 
hiiii;  he  himfelf  had    publiflicd  a  treatife 
Authnr  of  of  coffce,  its  nature  and    ufe.     This  is  a 
atrcjiiie    kind  of  a  pea  that  grows  in  Eg-j[t,  which 
ofcoftce.    j]^g  '■ritrks  pound  and  boil  in  water,  and 
take  it  for  pleafure  inftead  of  brandy,  fip- 
j)ing  it  tlirough  the  lips  boiling  hot,  per- 
tliadirg    themlelves,    that   it  conlumes  ca- 
tarrhs, and  prevents  the  rifing  of  vapours 
out  of  tlie  flomach  into  the  head.     The 
drinking  of  this  coffee,  and  fmoaking  to- 
Tol.scco    bacco  (for  though  the  ufe  of  tobacco  is 
f-orbiJJcn  forbidden  on  niin  of  death,  yet  it  is  ufcd 

on  (viin  cl  .      ^      ,,       ..      ',  .1  •'  _i 1... 


(ieatli. 


Th5  icfi- 
dim  iS 
■Jnu-.y/- 
t  ,!rtij. 


in  Conjlaiitiiw'le  more  than  any  where  by 
men  as  well  as  women,  though  fecretly) 
makes  up  all  the  pallimc  among  thcTurks, 
and  is  the  only  thing  they  treat  one  anotiier 
with;  for  which  realon  all  people  of  dii- 
tinflion  have  a  particular  room  next  their 
own,  built  on  purpofe  for  it,  where  there 
ftands  a  jar  of  coffee  continually  boiling. 
The  Duub  refident  never  having  paid  me 
a  vifit,  the  refpe<ft  due  to  your  majefty, 
did  not  allow  me  neither  to  fee  him  ;  and 
though  I  give  him  all  manner  of  reafon 
and  opportUiiities  to  live  confidently  toge- 
ther, yet  he  kept  himfelf  retired,  and 
avoided  all  commerce  with  me,  except 
the  compliment  he  lent  me  at  my  arrival. 
Wiicrher  he  did  this  out  of  jealouly  againft 
the  S::;\l:/b  nation,  agreeably  to  the  fen- 
tiir.ents  c-f  ins  maffers,  or  to  pleafe  the 
emperor's  and  tlie  fyonb  minifters,  with 
whom  lie  had  a  very  good  undcrftanding,  is 
wliat  I  do  nor  know.  Befides,  thofe  that  were 
no  miuilkrs  in  ordinary  of  foreign  powers  at 
the  Pcrie,  for  thofe  of  prince  Ragcl/k^,  of 
McL!iiV!a,  IVallachia,  of  the  tartars^  and 
of  R.'guzt,  were  not  reckoned  among  the 
foreign  minifters,  forasmuch  as  their  ma- 
fters  are  tributary  to  the  Porte.  The  Ve- 
netians ufed  to  have  one  here  in  time  of 
Eeace,  but  he  was  recalled  upon  the  war's 
reaking  out ;  and  their  br.ilo,  wlij  had 
been  lent  envoy  extraordinary  half  a  year 
ago,  was  then  in  prifon  at  Adrianople. 

I  lived  i'l  confidence,  as  I  was  direfted 
by  your  m.ijjfty,  with  Mr.  StejihenTiJfa  tiic 


refident  of  Tranfihania,  and  Mr.  yacoh 
Ilartzanius  prince /^rt^aZ/Xy'sfecretary,  who 
allifted  me  in  tranflating  my  writings,  and 
w.is  my  interpreter  at  the  audiences. 

I  enquired  underhand,  whether  the  Tar-  \ij|,jn-.. 
tiirian  cap  cbibaja  was  inclined  to  join  and  „,  /-jr-' 
converfe  with  me  ;    but  I  found  him  fo  ury. 
much  in  the  Polifi  intereft,  that  he  did  all 
he  could  to  defeat  my  defigns,  and  avoid- 
ed my  company  ;  for  tiiis  reafon,  I  judged 
your  majelty's  dignity    might   futTer    by 
making  an  attempt,  and  meeting  perhaps 
with  a  ilifhonourable  repulfe,    a  thing  one 
might  well  apprehend   from  fo  polite  a 
nation. 

There  were  alfo  two  envoys  from  the  F.nvoy«  of 
Zaprovian  Cojfaks,  but  they  lived  retired. ''"-'(•'V- 
I  fent  to  compliment  them,  and  acquaint-./"'*'' 
ed  them  with  the  orders  I  had  from  his 
majefty  to  efpoufe  their  intereft :  they  only 
returned  a  civil  anfwer,  but  were  Ihy  of 
converfing  with  me,  for  fear  of  giving 
fufpicion  ;  fo'.'  their  aim  was  to  make  the 
Cltoman  Porte  believe,  the  Cojfaks  had  no 
lefs  ablblucely  fuhmitted  t'lemfelves  to 
them  than  the  Tartars,  without  having 
their  eyes  i  ined  for  fupport  any  where 
elfe,  and  that  they  maintained  great  friend- 
Ihip  with  the  Tartars.  The  end,  wl-.ich 
the  envoys  intended,  was,  not  to  be  long 
detained,  but  they  thereby  mifliid  their  true 
intereff. 

In  this  ftate  and  condition  were  your 
majefty's  affairs,  which  I  was  gracioufty 
entrufted  with  on  the  fourth  of  June,  on 
which  day  the  vizir  broke  up  with  the 
camp  from  ConJlantinoiU: 

The  King  of  Sweden'.?  Letter  to  the 
Grand  Signor. 

NOS  CARor  us  GusTAVL's  Dei  gratia 
Suecorum,  Gothorum,  VVandalo- 
rLHiiqiie  rex,  magnus  princeps  Finlandix-, 
liux  iifthonis,  (^areliac,  Brehmrc,  Vcrdrt, 
Stetini,  Poii.  Tania',  CafTubia?,  &  Vanda- 
lia',  [)rinceps  Kugi;c,  dominus  Ingria:  8c 
Vifmari.t ;  nee  non  comes  palatinus  Kheni, 
B.ivaria-s  Juliaci,  Clivix  &  Montium  dux 
&c.  Serenifllmo,  celfifTimo,  cxcellentif- 
fimo,  potentiflimo,  magnanimo,  &  in- 
vicfifTimo  principi,  domino  Sol  taw 
Mehemet,  I  idem  Dei  gratia  Turcarum 
imperatori,  &c.  Amico  noftro  charilTimo 
fil Litem,  profperos  rerum  fuccclTus  &  mu- 
tui  amoris  incrementum. 

-S'-rcnifTime,  celfiffime,  cxcellentifTimc, 
magnanirne,  &  inviftiftime  princeps,  a- 
micc  charifTime.  Quemadmodum  in  fu- 
perioribus  noflris  literis  ad  r"renitatein  ve- 
ftram  d.  xvi.  Junii  proximeprxteriti  anni 
hie  Maricnburgi  perf'Tiptis,  atque  cum 
Itrenitatij  vcftra:fideli  ailicoSc  internuncio 

Mufta- 


to  Conftantinople. 


689 


to  the 


Miiftapha  aga  tranfmiflTis  amice  flgnifica- 
vimus.  Nos  conftituiflemitterc  adferenita- 
tem  veftram  aliquem  noftrorum  miniftro- 
rum,  qui  eandcm  de  ftatu  rerum  noflra- 
rum,  aliifque  connexis  negotiis  informaret, 
&  cum  pnmis  noftro  nomine  amorem  & 
afi'eftionem  noftram  erga  ferenitatem  ve- 
ftram conteftarecur:    ita  nunc  fupra  dic- 
tarum  rerum  caufa  ad  ferenitatem  veftram 
ablegamus  noftrum   aulicum   &    militix 
confiliarium,    generofum,    nobis    Imcere 
fiddem,   Claudium    Rolamb,    hsereditari- 
um  in  Byftad  &  Lcnna,    ut  ferenitati  ve- 
ftrx  exponat,  non  modo  quibus  ex  caufls 
btllum  quod  nunc  cum  rege  &  republica 
PoloniK  gerimus,  prime  fit  ortum,  &  de- 
indc  nunc  aperta  noftilitate,  nunc  fufpen- 
fione  armorum  continuatum:    fed   etiam 
qua.e  ultimis  induciis  nondum  finitis,  nu- 
pcrrinie  ad  armorum  conflidum  utrinque 
ventum  fit.     Largitus  nobis  eft  Deus  Feli- 
ces rerum  fuccefTus  contra  noftros  Iioftes, 
&  ipcm  etiam   aliquam   mediaque  nobis 
ortendir,  componendi  &  fopiendi  diutur- 
num  &  cruentum  hoc  diflidium.     Cui  in- 
tention! dum    ili;iboramus,   inventi    fiinc 
quidain,  qui   non  ferentes    sequis  animis 
noftram  profperitatem,  novas  nobis  turbas, 
novofque  hoftes  excitare  annifi  funt.     In 
his  eft  magnus  Mofcovife  dux,    utpote  qui 
nulla  jufta  de  caufa,   fed  excogitatis  fri- 
volis  quibufdam    querelis,    contra  pafta 
perpetuiE  pacis,  nos  belio  laceffcrc  coepit. 
Adjunxere  fe  etiam    Polonis  contra  nos 
chami  Crimen  fis  copix,    nofque    proelio 
cum  Polonico  exercitu,   licet  infelici  iliis 
eventu  adorti  funt.     Et  quia  communes 
funt  rationcs,  qua;  nos  &  ferenitatem  ve- 
ftram ad  conftituendam  mutuam,  firmam 
&  utilem  amicitiam  correfpondentiamque 
invitare  videntur,  fperamus  fore,  ut  fere- 
nitas  veftra,  cognito  rerum  in  hac  parte 
Europa;  &  cum  primis  noftro   ftatu,   e 
fuii  re    futurum  judicet,    ut    mutuis   ani- 
mis in  communem   rem  confukmus  rati- 
oncfque  ineamus,  quibus  utriufque  partis 
vicini,  quandoque  extra   juftitiiE  veftigia 
exorbirantes,    ad  juris  &  xquitatis   nor- 
mam  redigantur.     Quod  fi  ferenitas  veftra 
velit  ptrmittere  &  auEtoritate  fua  ita  diri- 
gcre,  ut  chamusCrimenfisnobifcum  armo- 
rum focietatem  contra  magnum  Mofco- 
vix  ducem  mire  poffit  ;  &  fimul  alia  non- 
nulla,  qua;  ferenitati  veftrae  nofte:  extra- 
ordinarius  ablegatus  pluribus  exponet,  pro- 
curatione  fua  promovere,  feccrit  quidem 
hoc  iplb  nobis  rem  gratam,  fed  fibi  cum 
primis  proprioque  luo   ftatui  nunc  &   in 
futurum  valde  proficuam  &  pene  necef- 
fariam.     Quam  rem  totam  &  quibus  fun- 
damentis  dufti,    confidamus    il-renitatem 
veftram  infupradi<5ta  noftra  poftulata  condef- 
cenfuram,  depromet  ttiam  licpe  jam  nomi- 
natus  noiier  coiifiiiarius.  Quare  ferenitatem 
Vol.  V. 


veftram  amice  requirimus,  velit  eundem  no-  Rolaub. 
ftrum  extraordinarium  ahlegatum,  Clau- *^''''''*^ 
dium  Rolamb,  benevolc  coranr  fc  admit- 
tere,  &  fermoni  dcdudtionibuique  ejus  in- 
dubiam  fidem  tribuere,  non  aliter  atque  fi 
ipfi  prsefentes  cflTemus ;  eundenique  cklnde 
ad  nos  cum  optata  &  arnica  refolutionc 
guantocius  dimittere.  Qiiibus  finientcs, 
ferenitati  veftra:  arnica  noftra  fludia  &  of- 
ficia  dcferimus. 

Dabantur  Fraucnburgi  in    BorufTia 
d.  xxiii.  Sept.  An.  M.DC.LVI. 

CAROLUS    GUSTAVUS. 

M.  Biornklou. 

The  Ittfcription. 

SeremJJimo,  Celfiffimo,  Excelkntiffmo,  Mag- 
nanimo  t?  Inviaijfmo  Principi,  Domino 
SoLTAN  Mf.  HEMET,  Turcarum 
Imperatori,  amico  noftro  chariffimo. 

As  for  the  ftate  of  the  Turkijh  empire,  state  of 
it  was  at  my  arrival  almoft  in  a  crifts;  V  rurk- 
for  although-  there  was  fome  appearance  '>enip'fe- 
of  its  recovering  in  the  time  of  fultan 
Amurat  from  the  ftiock  it  had  futlered, 
during  the  unftcilful  .idminiftration  of  the 
fultans  Muftafa  and  Ofman,  yet  fince  the 
unexpected  demife  of  Amurat,  a-: J  till 
my  time,  it  always  was  in  a  ftatc  of  decay, 
which  then  w.is  fuch,  that  it  either  might 
be  re-eftablifhed  or  utterly  unhinged.  Bur 
as  it  is  neceflary  for  the  fetting  thefe  af- 
fairs in  a  better  light,  to  give  an  infight 
into  the  tranfaftions  of  the  time  immedi- 
ately preceding,  I  (hall  begin  my  relation 
from  the  time  when  Mr.  Strajlurger,  who 
wasfent  by  king  Guftavus  Adolphusoi'  glo- 
rious memory,  was  at  tlie  Ottoman  Porte, 
and  refume  the  thread  of  his  account  from 
the  troubles  that  happened  at  fultan  Amu- 
rat's  accefllon  to  the  throne,  and  the  re- 
volt of  Babylon  where  he  leaves  off. 

Although  fultan  Mural  at  the  begin- 
ning of  his  reign  appeared  only  of  an  ef- 
feminate and  voluptuous  temper,  particu- 
larly given  to  poetry  and  mufick,  and  in 
love  with  an  Armenian  young  man  called 
Mufa  Cielebi,  for  whofe  fake  he  renounced 
all  converfation  with  women  ;  yet  this 
youth  being  afterwards  forcibly  and  with 
threatnings  taken  from  him  by  the  janiza- 
ries, and  cut  to  pieces  before  his  eyes,  he 
fell  into  melancholy,  to  drive  away  which 
he  was  advifed  to  drink  wine,  to  which  he 
was  not  a  little  inclined  before  from  the 
praifes  he  found  of  it  in  the  p  jetical  writ- 
ings which  he  i  .*ad  every  day.  And  hav- 
ing  the  beft  forts  of  wines  brought  him  To  win*, 
from  all  places,  he  gave  himl'elf  up  to 
8  N  drink. 


Slraiiur- 
ger'i  1  cl»- 
lionot  the; 
afr.tirs  ot 
Turiy. 


Sultan 

Mtirjt 

given  to 

volupcu- 

oufnefs, 

poetry  snii 

mufick. 


I' 


f 


1 


690 


A  Relation  of  a  Jounhey 


Hi  ■ 


ill  'ii: 


i'J; 


!;';^ 


Roi.AMD.  drinking   to  fuch  excels,  that  it  wrought 
'■^^^-'"^  .in  entire  clunge  of  his  mine],  to  (lich  a 
ikj^rtf,  that   he  would  of't;'ii  go  privately 
to   tavcins  axid  i'l^nd   tlKR-  half  the  day 
in  ilriiiking  •,    nor    would    lie    mind   any 
thing    but    lookinp   at  the    excrcifes  and 
fliam  lights  ot  his  young  favourites  called 
[zogi.im  an>!  MufLihss,  or  even  gating  oa 
horfihack   himlelf,  niin[;)ing   wiih    them, 
and  ligluing  wiih  a  kind  ot  I'lK-ar,  whieh 
thoy  call^;/';,/;  and    then  his  j^.reat'll    tli- 
vcilion  was  to  run  it   into  their  eyis,  or 
to  em  olV  the  heads  of  thole  who  came  in 
To  i-ru-     I'i''  way.     Tliefe  d.uly   praciiccs  raill-d  his 
<:'.■■;■         tliitfl  after  lilood  to  luch  a  degree,  that  in 
tlie  night  time  after  he  had  drank  himfelf 
out  of  his  lerfes,  he  went  about  the  Iheets 
of  Co>!ftiintincp!c  witli    fonie   e.xeeutioncrs 
behinii  him,  climbed  with  ladders  I'p  into 
the  winilows,  to  fcarih  whether  he  could 
perceive  any  fmell  of  tobacco,  and  then 
to  have  the  fmoakers  dragg;ii  out  of  the 
hoiife   and   hangeil  up.     \Vhomfoever  he 
nvt  in   the  (Ircts  in  the  night  time,  inno- 
cent  or  p'Jilty,  he  ordered  their  heads  to 
be  cut  off  and  thrown  into  the  water  -,  lb 
that  no  morning    pafled   without    finding 
twenty  or  thiity  dead  bodies  \vithout  heads 
The  fur-  here  and    there  in  the  llreets.     Thcfe  ar- 
jt;//>  ci;:pc  tions   as  they   rendered  hini    terrible,  fo 
rors  :'tc     ([,gy    brought  him    into  credit  among  hi? 
nl'>"eu. !Uv  'nki^<its  -,  for  no  quality  in  an  emperor   is 
tiiorc  ih.ii  higher   v.dued  amonii  them  than    that  of 
fr  iru-     cruelty  ;  for  which,  realim  lulran  /!murat\ 
''')■•  nv.'morv   is  in  high  (.lleem   with    tiiem  to 

this  day.  Ills _/;,';.■.'((;••«(;.;,  i.  e.  his  armour- 
bearer,  nameu  .\iuji,nba  Pcjj.i,  who  was 
in  great  credit  with  him,  encouraged  him 
in  this  notion  of  r.iling  thereby  an  opinion 
of  bravery  among  his  own  forces  and  his 
neighbours  1  and  in  order  the  better  to 
retrain  the  infokiicy  of  the  army,  adviled 
him  to  undertake  an  expedition  againll  his 


enemies   the  Pcrji.im  or  P^ 


And 


thougii  Amiirat  inclined  more  .igiinll  Po- 
LvuU   yet  me   mutti    endeavoured   to    [ler- 
luade  him  lint:  to  ret  over  finbykth  it  be- 
ing .in    eternal  dilgrate   for  the  Ottom.-ai 
Pone  to  give  up  fo  famous  a  city,  whither 
The  Turh  the   •Twh  make  as  fokmn  pilgrimages  as 
clHci  pil-  t|,e  Chrillians  do  to  JcyufaLm.      Btlt  fiil- 
fo'jSdiv-*    ^''"  ^iiii-'^'c'^   had  a  hit^nvr   I'pirir,  and    re- 
hn,  folved  to  attack  both  thele  enemi^-s  at  once  i 

nor  wotil  1  l;c  flip  the  c.jiportunity  of  king 
Vladilluus  1)1  PoIa>ul':i  being  in  w.ir  :'.g.iinit 
the  Ritl/atiii.  Accordingly  he  lent  the 
vizir  •Jahani  Bttjuk  over  into  Jjia  to  raile 
an  army  againit  tlie  Pcrftam,  at  the  head 
of  v/hich  Ilujri-f  Pc:Jfav/.is  to  march  againit 
Bali\lcn  -,  Amurat  himklf  weni  to  Adria- 
nopn\  tium  wiience  he  delign'tl  to  march 
in  perlon  agiinll:  Poland;  however  he  lent 
Abaff.i  Alehemct  PajU  helore  with  fixty 
thtiiUaiid  men   tu  take  Kaminicck  Podoljh., 


but  the  Taid  general  was  totally  defeated 
by  Konilz   Poliki ;  nor  had  Uufrej'    P.tlT.i 
better   liiccels    againll    Bnhloii.      .Sultan 
Murat  h.iving  thus   mifrarried    in  one  of 
liis  defigns,  he    was   perluaded   by  Hiiibin 
tjgfi   to   make    peace  with   Polnul;    after 
which  he  marched  in  jK'rlim  with  four  hun- 
dred thouf.ind  men,  iirif  agaitill  Jbrcv.ui, 
and  then  againll  tlihslon,  both  wiii.h  pla- 
ces he  took  by  capitulation  ;  the  fui  mer  t],,.  .;•„;_ 
in  the  year  1045.   in  the  month  of  .SV*?;;- ;  liuonu- 
the  latter  in  the  year  1048.    in  the  month  '"cT- 
of  Szahaii,    according  to  the  Tiiykijh  way 
of  computation  (who  begin  to  reckon  their 
time  from   Mahomet'^  Might  from  Mecca, 
called  by  them  Hclzira,  and  according  to 
the  change  of  the  moon  from  new  moon 
to  new   moon.)     During  thefe  expeditions 
he  had  given  orders  by  one  of  his  eimuchs 
j9(,;///>r   n^a  to  the  vizir  Bainim  buff.i  to 
makeaway  with  two  of  his  brothers  fulran  -j-^^.^  ,  f 
Sol'wKin  and  ftdtan  Achmct,    as  alfo  with  ihc  cmpe- 
the  late  emperor  ivAun  Miijlnf.i,  wl;o  w.ns  rwi'o  lio- 
in  prifbn,    left  they    might  occafion  fome '|"^^'|',  , 
infurreclion    during    his   abfence;    fultan    '•'•'-■'^"■ 
MiijLifa  died  the  night  before  this  order  The  l.uc 
was  t()  have  been  executed.      The   vizir  t""!''^""' 
bein"  ti;one  in  to  tlie  tw'o  others  tntlifnofe  '■''!  "1" 
them  willingly  to  lubmic  to  death,  the  ex-  t^rc  tli..- 
ccutioncr  came  in  loon  after  and  laid  the  inten.icJ 
cortl  firll  about  th ,:  vizir's,  neck  (by  mif-  "ecu- 
take  for  want  of  knowing   him  ;)   and  if  "'^"• 
thole   that  flood  before  the  door  had  not 
known  the  ri;!>  by   his  voice,   whilll  he 
was    flruggling  and  calling  out,    he  had 
been  flr.ingled  firlt ;    but  having  ekaped 
in  this  manner,  the  two  youths  were  put 
to  death.     After  this  was  done,    the  vizir 
Kara  Muftafa  Pajj'a  was  left  before  Ai/'y- 
lon  with  three  hundred  thoufmd  men;  but 
fultan  Murat  himfelf  marched  home  agaia 
through  Mepfotamia  to  ConJ}iii;lii:op!c  w'lih 
a    huiiilred    thoufand  men,    whereof  up- 
waril^,  of  thirty  thoufand  perifhed  bv  the 
w.iy,  ])artly  of  hunger  and  thirll,  partly 
luing  torn  to  pieces  by  the  lions 

With    the   remainder  fultan  Alnrat  re- 
turned in  the  year  1049  viAorious,  and  in 
great  triumph  to  Cotijlciiilinofle,  and  at  his 
an  iv.il  ,    caufed     two    of   his    remaining 
younger  brothers  fultan  Bnjazct  and  fultan  Two 
Kujim   to  be  fh-angled;  the    third,  fultan '""f'-' •'' 
Ibrahim,  who  was  the    only  one  left,  was  '■"•' '"'1''^ 
fpared  upon    his  mother's  intercellion,  he,,,,^'     ' 
being  limple  and  of  no  fpirit,  only  given  ilr.iiicM 
to  love,  fo  that  there  was  nothing  to  be 
apprehended  from  him. 

Ueing  now  returned  to  Conftiwtiiwfle  in  li;?  con- 
peace,    he   g.ivc  himfelf    up  to  drinking  J^ft  ■if"-'" 
ni,",ht  and  day  ;  during  the  night  in  com- '"*"^'"'"- 
pany  with  one  of  his  concubines  an  Italian 
woman,  and  in  the   day  time  with  his  fa- 
vourites Miicio  Bujtangi  Pajli,  Dili  Iiiijfcin 
Ptifft,  Silicbtcr  Pajchu,  and   his  pliylici.in 
I  II akin 


to  Conftantinople. 


dpi 


mui.li 
Ir.mily, 


SllU.IB 

luuira',!/ 
UupiJ. 


Hakin   PtJjfa       Since  the   expedition    of 

Babylon  lie   liad  got  a  Perfian    with  him 

named   I'.mirghione  Ofli  a  good  poet  and 

mufici.in,   who  acculiomcd  him  to  drink 

brandy  and  ilrong   waters,  the  c\cr<Ti\x 

iifi;  ot  which  threw  him  Toon  after  liis  ar- 

Dies  nt     rival  into  a  fever,  of  wl  ich  lie  died  after 

iho  ■'g'^^  "f  thirteen  day.  ilhiefs  in  th;  30'''  year  of  his 

lever' con*  ^6*^-     ^^'^'^'1   l'^  faw  death   approacliing, 

irMcd      he  called  before  him  all  his  favourites,  and 

liy  Jrink-  made  them   promife,    that  as  foon  as  he 

"8  ,'"°     (hould  have  breath"d  his  lalt,  they  would 

make   away  with  thcmfelves  and  all   the 

fcrvants  of   his   hoalhold,  that  he  might 

not  go  alone  into  the  other  world,  but   be 

waited  on  by  fhcm  there  alfo ;  but  when 

he  was  dead,  .lone  of  them  cared  to  make 

good  their  promife. 

In  the  room  of  fultan  Murat,  his  bro- 
ther fultan  Ibrahim  was  fct  up  for  emperor, 
who  was  naturally  ftupid  ;  but  as  fultan 
Mur.it  hail  left  no  fons  himfelf,  and  had 
made  away  v/itli  liis  other  brothers,  there  re- 
mained none  of  the  male  line  oftheO//o»M« 
family  to  fuccced,  but  he,  however  unfit 
he  was  for  [government,  and  Kara  Mujtafa 
Pi'JJh  the  vizir  being  a  prudent  man,  and 
retlecling  on  the  new  emperor's  incapacity 
as  well  as  iii'-  inclination  to  women  and  all 
fort;  of  ple.'.furcs,  and  fearing  lell  his  fol- 
lies miglit  prove  obilruclions  to  his  carry- 
ing on  the  adminillration,  he  fuppiird  the 
empcior  witii  llorc  of  bea-ititul  women, 
mufici.ins,  and  otiier  pljafiires  to  which 
the  emperor  addicteil  himfelf  \'o  entirely, 
that  he  never  thought  of  the  go  -rnment, 
but  left  it  to  the  z-izir's  care.  i ,  iiad 
nine  women  given  him  for  his  lawful  and 
principal  wives,  wiio  were  calkni  hajfuki 
fu'.tanns,  ami  were  to  fcrve  him  alternately, 
among  whom  was  one  named,  on  account 
of  her  beauty  antl  agreeabknefs,  Szikerpara 
(as  much  as  to  fay  a  bit  of  lugar)  who 
chiciwiie.  g;,ined  the  emjicror's  heart  preferably  to 
all  others  ;  and  being  a  quick  and  cun- 
ning woman  fct  tlic  emperor  upon  many 
extravagancies.  She  brougiit  it  about  that 
Jujfuf  aqitan  b.~Jfa,  who  returned  vicTio- 
rious  from  Candia,  loft  his  life,  merely  be- 
caufe  he  had  brought  her  no  prefents  ; 
fhe  made  the  emperor  wafte  upon  her  and 
the  other  women  the  whole  trcafure  which 
fultan  Murat  had  heaped  up,  and  difhi- 
buted  all  ofliccs  in  the  empire  among  h?r 
favourites.  And  as  their  minds  were  al- 
ways let  upon  fomething  or  other  that  was 
not  to  L..-  had  in  the  Jeraglio,  they  per- 
fuadetl  the  emperor  to  oblige  the  vizir  to 
get  it,  which  not  only  was  very  ditHcult, 
but  fomctinics  even  impolTible  for  him. 
The  vizii  The  vizir  at  lall  remonfhated  this  to  the 
eiiJcj-  emperor,  and  brought  him  fo  far,  that  he 
mutJv' "  tumetl  fome  of  the  women  off,  and  only 
''    kept  thole  whom  the  vizir  recommended 


Szticr- 

pura  hi? 


Her  in- 

IligUC" 


to  him.     But  it  wa»  not  long  before  the  Ri-^auh. 


but    in 


emperor,  wrought  upon,  pnrtly  by  hi 
former  love,  partly  by  their  intrijvics  ^  ,|, 
took  the  fame  women  again,  who  full  of 
revenge  gave  the  emperor  all  Ibrts  of  ill 
imprelTions  againft  the  vizir,  fo  tiiat  he 
often  treated  him  with  very  rough  lan- 
guage i  but  daretl  not  touch  his  lite  on  ac- 
count of  the  authority  and  credit  he  had. 
The  women  perceiving  this  tried  another  ^y  rc.\(<.t\ 
method,  and    made  the  emperor   b-lieve,  ""'"•"  "'^ 

,  I  ■    ■     1      1  .-  '■  -11        ir.cm  in- 

that  the  v'.z:r  had  lome  negromantu  k  cha-  ,fij.u;,, 
racters  under  his  gownolfablc  fur,  where 
by  he  enchanted  the  emperor  fo  as  to  he 
formidable  to  him.     Some  days  after  the 
vizir  appeared  in  that  gown  again  before 
the  emperor,  who  fell  into  a  great  pafllon, 
called  out  and  ordered   Btiftjnci  Palji  to 
difpatch  him.     The  vizir  hearing  this  got 
on  horfeback,  went  out  of  the  leraglio  in 
full  gallop,  and  as  he  went  by  the  people 
that  were  gathered  together  on  account  of 
the  (/rort«,  cried  out  fire!    fire!  to  conceal 
the  true  reafon  of  his  flight,  which  fright- 
ened every   one,    and  made  them  hallen 
homewards;    but  Bujianci  Pnjf'i  pui  lucd  mJ  .it  l.i.l 
him  to  his  houfe  and  had  him  killed  there,  lo.cb  his 
So  this  wife  and  able  minilkr  fell  by  the  •'''■" '>Jf  "• 
intrigues  of  thefe   women,  a  man  whom 
they  ftill  talk    of  with  praife,    in  whofe 
time  not  one  bad  <7//rr  w.is  to  be  feen   in 
Conftantimi'lc,  which  otherwife  is   but  toa 
common. 

Sultan  Ibrahi>-\  mother  tried  all  pofTible  The  eni- 
mcans  to  reftore  him  to  his  P'nfes  by  the  pcr^r  10 
help  of  phyficians,  but  that   _  roving   in- 'f=  '■'^'^''^ 
cflcJbual,  fhe  employed  a  forcerer  called  j^^.^^,-^^  [  !" 


Iliilffin  Glutei  Hogia  'Jliiffdn  means  a  ma- pi.yfici- 
iter  of  Ipirirs.^      This  was  the  man  who  an-,  lut 
lliould  make  tiie   emperor  wifcr,  and  for  r/"^^'-''' 
that  reafon  was  nigiit  and  day  with  him,  j™'  ^|^^"' 
which  brought    him  into  great  credit  and  innjs  ofi 
authority.    But  the  emperor  grew  rather  forcerer. 
mad  than  bettur,  and  let  this  man  govern 
according  to  his  wild  fchemes,  who  depo- 
fedand  fet  up  vizirs  as  he  liked,  he  taking 
for  himfelf  the  employment  of  cadi  I'al- 
kieri   Df  Jjia,  vhicn  is  a  great  dignity  a- 
monf,   the  Turks.     But  the    emperor  fell 
into  (till  greater  debaucheries  and  exceffes  Commiti 
w',.h  women  i  he  was  carried  with  his  con-  fs-.ti  ex- 
cubines  in  fedans  all  about  the   itreets  of '^•^-'■ 
Conftantinople  \n  broad  day  light,  attendetl 
with  pipes,  drums,  and  all  other  forts  of 
noify  mufick  :  he  ordered  the  vizir  to  takf> 
care  that  no  waggon  fhould  be  feen  in  tlie 
ftreets  that  might  hinder  him  in  his  furi- 
ous rambles.     The  vizir  accordingly  made 
all    polTible   regulations  •,  notwithltanding 
which,  it  unluckily  happened  one  day  that 
the  emperor  met  a  country  waggon  in  his 
way,  laden  with  wood,  which  put  him  in 
fuch  a  fury,  that  he  immediately  lent  for 
the  vizir  and  ftabbed  him  in  the   ftreet 

with 


1 1 
HI 

11  r 


t 


6^2 


ARekt'tan  of  a  Journey 


Aoi.AMB. 


Ij:'! 

AlmnJrcd 

I*';- 

ilrjchms 

;■'*' 

of  .mibcr 

coll  ill  his 

time  looo 

.  't' 

rixdoIUri. 

■it 


|i;r- 


R*:  ■■" 


iS^^KBmm 

r  ■ 

'mjf^^^BSmm 

.(  ,'   : 

?i|faWlflHflHfffi 

!','■■.. 

'i 

^  >)*  ^^^^Hpflliv^ 

1-  i^; 

■^'  JBBB^ffllfHif^ 

•  fe  K'^^^^^nnJDBff  ■> 

''^^^^^HH^ni^  i^ 

',',;!]■ 

fln^l 

Hh 

HccUithcs 
al!   his 
toiicii- 
hincs  in 
f.iblc  (urs. 


Remon- 
llrjnces 
jn.uic  to 
tlie  em- 
pi  el's  dow- 
ager. 


He  is   de- 
throne I, 
andhiil.n 
made  em- 
peror. 


with  liis  own  hantl,  leaving  ihc  corps  na- 
keii  tor  lome  iLiys  txpoled  to  pulilick 
view.  He  in.ul';  great  ami  runiptuous 
nuptialj  lor  his  d.iughttrs,  wlioni  he  nnr- 
ricd  one  after  another  to  I'ome  biijjh,  tiio' 
they  were  but  t>vo  or  three  ye.irs  ot  age. 
All  ili.imonJs,  |)e.irls  and  other  jewels 
tlut  were  to  be  iiad  in  CoiijlantinopU  he 
Ljiiglit  up,  and  g.ive  tiiem  tu  hi .  women  . 
he  lent  to  the  fhops  ot  chrillian  aiui  jewilh 
merchant.s  tor  gold  brocade  and  other  pre- 
cious goods  in  great  qiiaiuiiiei,  witliout 
paying  tor  them.  All  tlie  amber  that  was 
to  be  tound  in  Conflantiiiople  he  bougiit  up 
•and  eat  it  for  a  provocative  lilce  bread, 
which  made  that  drug  lb  dear  in  the  city, 
that  a  hundred  drachms  ot  it  coll  above 
a  thoufand  rixdollars,  and  at  lall  grew  lb 
I'carce  that  none  was  to  be  liad  i  tor  the 
tame  purpole  he  fcnt  all  over  the  country 
to  catch  fparrows,  of  the  brains  ot"  which 
he  had  pyes  made. 

If  one  wanted  a  great  employment,  an 
infallible  way  to  obtain  it,  was  to  prefent 
tlie  emperor  witii  a  handfome  woman 
flave,  but  then  the  purchafer  could  keep 
it  no  longer  till  another  gave  him  one 
more  h  mdfome,  and  lb  every  month  pro- 
iluced  a  lliitting  of  places  and  employ- 
ments. At  lafl  the  cmjicror  took  it  in 
his  head  to  have  all  his  concubines  (who 
were  luine  thoulantls)  clothed  in  fable, 
and  to  !  ingeven  his  apartments  with  that 
pretious  tur  •,  in  order  to  which  he  com- 
manded the  vilir  Jcbmct  Pujf.i  to  get  a 
fulhcient  quantity  of  it ;  the  I'izir  obeyed, 
and  ordered  that  every  body  in  Coiijlanti- 
w/7c',  svho  had  a  fable  fur  coat,  Ihould 
fend  it  to  the  emperor.  This  falling  hard 
upon  the  chief  men  of  the  empire,  parti- 
cularly on  the  officers  of  the  janizaries, 
who  would  not  willingly  part  with  theirs, 
they  grew  mutinous  ;  and  one  Murat  aga 
who  had  lately  been  dilgulted  by  t\\e  vizir, 
and  dcpofed  Irom  his  olRce  o\'  janizar  aga, 
took  the  relblution  to  remonftrate  to  the 
cmprefs  dowager,  to  the  mufti,  to  /Ibdu 
Rabim  Ejfcndi,  to  Mulki  Kadi  a  favourite 
lady  ot  the  emprels  dowager,  and  to 
Be^ajZ  aga ,  lately  made  janizar  aga, 
how  unfit  the  f-mpernr  was  for  govern- 
ment, and  what  would  be  the  conl'equen- 
ccs  of  his  continuing  longer  in  it.  This 
had  lb  much  elFedt,  that  it  was  refolved 
by  the  forclaid  perfons,  inconjunftion  with 
the  janizaries,  to  dethrone  fultan  Ibrahim, 
anil  to  r.iife  his  eldell  Ion  fultan  Mebemet 
to  the  iinperial  dignity  in  his  Head  -,  who 
as  he  was  but  a  child,  the  emprefs  tlow- 
ager  his  grandmotlier  by  the  father's  fide 
was  to  have  the  guardi.mlhip  over  him  till 
he  was  ll;venteen  years  of  age.  And  tho' 
the  Ipabis  of  Conftantiiwple  oppofeil  this 
dtfign,  yet  the  janizaries  being  ftrongefl: 


Ij  put  into 
:>ii  iruii 


I.imenti- 
tiun^  i- 
nioiij;  ilie 
women, 
who  ire 
involved 
in  thetic- 
cution. 


in  number,  and  having  the  empri  f,  dowa- 
ger and  the  mufti  on  their  fule,  the  latter 
party  prevailed.  So  thi  /  proceeiled  to  exe- 
cution, and  firlt  ilepoled  the  I'lzlr  /hbrnet 
J'ajfa,  filling  his  plaie  with  fojbi  Mibemet 
J\^.i,  otherwile  c.dleii  Kogia  I'izir.  They 
next  went  into  the  Jiraglio,  and  iii)on  a 
I'entenc;  pronounced  by  the  mufti,  leized 
Sultan  Ibrahim,  and  put  him  into  an  iron 
cage,  the  lame  in  which  formerly  Tamer- 
Ian  had  kept  fultan  Bajazet.  This  was 
done  the  more  quietly,  becaufc  ylluiu 
Rahman  Capi  -/Igafi  h.id  been  alio  brought 
over,  and  conlequently  the  Izoglans,  and 
others  of  the  court  fervants,  were  kept  in 
awe  in  their  own  rooms.  The  women 
feeing  their  protcdlor  fallen  from  his  gran- 
deur, and  prognollicating  but  too  well 
what  would  be  their  fate,  railed  heavy 
cries  and  lamentations  i  accordingly  800 
of  his  concubines,  bcfidcs  the  women 
Haves  were  turned  out  of  doors  at  once, 
Ibme  of  them  were  llrangled,  and  others 
exiled ;  Szeker/ara  was  fcnt  to  Grand 
Cairo,  where  flie  died  millrably.  Their 
gold,  jewels,  and  all  their  precious  iur- 
niture,  of  which  they  had  not  only  cherts 
but  even  whole  rooms  and  houles  full, 
-./ere  fold  at  Conjlantinople  for  half  the 
value. 

This  made  fiiltan  Ibrahim,  who  before  Ilr.tKn 
was  but  ftupid,  at  length  run  quite  mad  ;■■""»« '^ 
he  roared  and  cried  night  and  (\.\y,  that  I"""''**^ 
no  body  in  the  feraglio  could  have  relf, 
till  fome  days  after  the  vizir  took  him  out 
of  the  laid  cage,  brought  him  into  a  room, 
fo  as  he  was,  without  a  cap,  breeches,  and 
barelooa'd,  and  hail  him  llrangled  there 
by  two  old  feamen,  of  whom  tliere  are  24 
in  the  feraglio,  who  being  by  age  difabled 
for  rowing,  are  employed  there  in  Iweep- 
ing  the  rooms,  his  corps  being  alter  wards 
carried  out,  and  laid  in  tlie  palace  yard, 
all  the  eunuchs  came,  according  tocullom, 
to  fling  their  turbans  upon  and  about  the 
corps,  which  was  at  kill  carried  into  So- 
phia church,  and  buried  there  near  that 
of  fultan  Muflafa,  who  in  his  time  had 
been  no  wiler  than  this  emperor. 

Sultan  Mebemet  hearing  that  his  father 
was  (Irangled  (for  it  was  done  unknown  to 
him)  wept  and  lamented  very  much,  till 
at  lalt  the  emprels  and  the  vizir  with  much 
ado  comtbrted  him. 

He  was  afterwards  brought  to  the 
mofqueof  Eiub,  in  the  year  1058,  accor- 
d.'ag  to  the  T«r^{/2)  chronology,  and  there, 
alter  many  prayers,  and  burning  of  Irank- 
incenfe,  the  mufti  hung  to  his  fide  the 
fword  of  their  prophet  Alt,  and  thick  a 
hern  feather  in  his  turban,  which  is  all  the 
ceremony  of  their  inauguration.  Thus 
fultan  Mebemet  Han  fiicccedcd  his  father, 
who  for  his  extravagancies  and  lufl  was 

taken 


U  nrin- 

glcd. 


Buri.'d  !a 

Siphi.i 

ciiunh 

Snlnn 


Cercmo 

I'les  of  thf 
■furkijh 
emptroi'j 
iniUjj'jfj- 

lilyll. 


to  Condantinople. 


^93 


•1  ilowa- 
ic  luttT 
I  to  ixc- 
•  Admit 
Mibcmct 
They 
upon  ;i 
;',  iLizcd 
)  an  iron 
i/  '■I'jmcr- 

I'his  wjs  I'  n"  '"«> 

,■         ,.  J    :in  iron 

lirought 
hiiis,  anil 

0  kept  in 
e  women 
his  gran- 

too   well  Limcnii- 
■A   heavy  ''""^  •■-, 

"e>'/  women, 

c  women  ^hn  .itc 
at  once,  invoStJ 
uul  others  ""•''"- 
:o    GV.JwJ^"'"^"- 
yr.     Tlicir 
:ious  lur- 
inly  cherts 
aul'es  full, 
r  half  the 

vho  before  limUm 
mite  mad  ;'""'«'^ 
day,   thatl"""-'"^ 
have  rert, 
)k  him  out 
to  a  room, 
;echcs,  and 
iglcd  there  ^J^,""- 
here  are  24  ^"'^' 
ge  difablej 
J  in  hveep- 

aiterwards 
lalace  yard, 

tocuiloni, 
i  abovit  the 
icd  into  .S»- 
e  near  that  Buri.-.l  \a 
s  time  hadSj/'^-'f 

c'liunli 

It  his  father  s„itin 
unknown  10  hub.rut. 

1  much,  till 
r  with  inutli 

ght    to    the 
058,  accor- 
■,  and  there, 
ngof  frank- 
his    fide  the 
and  Ituck  a 
iich  IS  all  the, „^^ „,(,,, 
ition.     Thus  ■jfurM 
d   his  father,  anpuor'! 
and  luft  wasi"«"i'^"- 
taken  "'^"■ 


Tumult 
litiwixt 
tlicy.im 

Jfah'i. 


A  (harp 
li^ht. 


picli 

govern' 
iwo  year; 


taken  off  the  (Itme  year,  in  i!  ic  imperial 
dignity,  in  the  g'^  year  of  his  nge,  his 
grandmother  Bnjuk  l^alide,  fultan  /tcb- 
met'%  dowafjT:  and  mother  to  fultan  Mu- 
rat  and  fultan  Ibrahim  being  appointed 
his  guardian,  and  regent  of  the  empire. 

Immediately  after  this  change,  a  tumult 
arofe  between  the  janizaries  and  the  Jpa- 
hi's  of  Conjiantimi'le  \  the  latter  allcdgcd 
tiiat  they  had  not  confented  to  fultan  Ibra- 
him\  death  ;  anti  having  engaged  in  their 

I  party  all  the  fzoglansom  of  the  twoimperial 
eraglio'sat  PeraAnA  Atmeidan,  they  called 
loudly  (or  having  all  thofe  puniPied  who 
had  been  the  caule  of  fultan  Ibrah,m\  death  i 
the  janizar  officers  endeavoured  to  ap- 
peafe  the  tumult  by  fair  means,  but  in 
vain  1  and  one  of  theiryorirtfi,  i.  e.  colo- 
nels, who  fet  up  for  mediator,  wis  killed 
by  the  fpaht's.  The^nfequence  was,  that 
both  parties  at  lall  came  to  a  pitched  bat- 
tel near  Almeidan,  m  which,  after  a  (harp 
engagement  the  fpahi^s  were  put  to  flight, 
and  upwards  of  one  thoufand  men  kill'd 
on  both  fides,  bot  mofl:  on  that  of  the 
fpaht's,  fome  of  whom  were  cut  off  even 
in  fultan  Achmct's  moliquc,  whither  they 
had  fled  j  and  others  wherever  the  jani- 
zaries met  with  them.  Thus  was  this 
emotion  appeafed  for  this  time,  being  the 
firft  fince  iulcan  MehemeC%  acceTion  to 
the  government.  But  the  fpahi's  were  ra- 
ther irritated  hAewith  than  fuppreffed ; 
for  thofe  ot  A[ta  and  Europe  were  not  con- 
cerned in  this  affair,  but  only  thofe  of 
Conjlaiiliiwple  ;  on  the  other  hand,  the  au- 
thority of  the  janizaries  increafed  more 
.Hid  more,  and  the  old  janizar  aga  mentio- 
ned before,  who  was  the  author  of  fultan 
Ibrjhim\  death,  was  made  vizir. 

Now  the  flate  was  in  peace  for  two 
years,  and  the  emprefs  dowager  being  a 
woman  of  fpirit  and  fenfe,  both  on  ac- 
count of  her  own  natural  parts,  and  of  the 
long  experience  of  her  years,  governed 
during  that  time  well  and  peaceably,  till 
the  young  dowager  Seni  Fa/ide  (i.  e.  the 
einpcror's  mother)  began  to  fulpert,  that 
ihe  would  confent  to  the  death  of  fultan 
Ibrahim  her  own  Ion,  might  at  laft  praftife 
againfl:  her  grandlbn's  lifealfo;  for  which 
there  was  the  more  appearance,  becaufethe 
old  emprefs  had  a  good  underllanding  with 
t\\t  janizaries,  and  bore  an  ill  will  to  the 
young  emprefs  dowager,  whilft  on  the  other 
fide  file  nuicii  careffed  the  mother  of  the 
emperor's  younger  brother  fultan  5o/«wrt;;,  a 
youth  of  a  much  better  look  and  ffiape 
than  the  cldefl.  Thelc  confiderations 
made  the  young  emprefs  dowager  leek  her 
lecurity  and  fupport  among  i[\c  fpabi' s  oi 
ilfia,  who  were  ealily  drawn  into  her  inte- 
relt,  as  being  highl)  provoked  at  thedif- 
graceful  rencounter  with  the  janizaries ;  fo 

Vol.  V. 


that  they  only  waited  for  an  opportunity  Rol*m» 

to  be  revenged.     For  the  main  power  of  ^"^VNJ 

the  rurkiflj  empire  is  in  the  hands  of  thefe  '"'"' ""'" 
II-  111  1  •     power  01 

two  bodies,  which  keep  one  another  as  it  the  Tur- 

wcre  in  balance  ;  fo  that  if  one  begins  to  *(/?>  em. 

outweigh  the  other  in  credit,  the  oppofite  P'"^  '• '" 

Catty  iinmetiiately  fets  up  for  a  counter-  'f'iil"')^'. 
ahincc.     An  emperor's  greatell  fkill  and  /,,■,  andi" 
lecurity  confiff;;  in  keeping  this  balance  ;  j.,mzi- 
and  in  cafe  both  parties  grow  too  power-  '■'"• 
tul  in  playing  one  .againfl  the  other  to  both 
their  ruin  •,  which  maxim  indeed  has  be(ni 
tried,  but  feldom  with  luccefs  before  this 
prefent  vizir'<i  time,   of  whofe  artful  ma- 
nagement in   this  point  mention  fliall  be 
made  hereafter. 

The  young  dowager  therefore  endea- 
voured to  ^    in  over  to  her  interefl  the  fpa- 
hi's,    and  fome  baffas  and  begs,  who  had 
formerly  been  imployed  in  the  feraglio,  by 
reprefenting  to  them  the  infolence  of  the 
janizaries,   and  infinuating,    that  they  in 
concert  with  the  fultane  Falide,   were  fee 
upon   deftroying  the  fpahi's,    unlefs  they 
took  care  to  prevent  them  in  time.     This 
wrought  fo  readily  upon  the  fpahi's,  that 
they  rofe  up  in  arms,  and  marched  with  a 
great  force  under  the  conducfl   of  an  old 
renowned  commander  of  theirs  Gurgi  Nebl 
to  Scudari,  a  city  fituate  over  againfl  Con- 
ftantinople  on  the  /ffialick  fide,  under  the 
pretence    of   revenging  fultan    Ibrahim's 
deatii:  But  as  all  thole  who  were  the  au- 
thors of  it,  maintained  a  good  underlland- 
ing with  the  janizaries,  and  that  the  vizir 
Murnt  pa(fa's  credit  among  them  w.as  al- 
moll  abfblutc,  this  revolt  of  the  y^'J-^''^  was 
fbon  fupprefs'J,  through  the  vizir's  capa- 
city,   and   the    power   of  the  janizaries, 
without  much   bloodflied.     For  tho'    the 
vizir  met  them  near  Scudari  with  a  great 
army  of  janizaries,  yet  he   firft  fent  the 
Cadi  I'Ajheri,  or   chief  judge  of  Afta,  to  „  ..  ^^, 
difTuade  them  from  giving  occafion  to  the  ^,^j!,'  the''" 
fpilling  of  Muffulmens  blood,  and  to  en-  chief 
force  bis  admonition  with  threats,  in  cafe  judge  of 
they  perflfted.     Accordingly  this  method  ■^''" 
proved  effeftuai;    for   after  fome  flight 
fkirmifhes  in  which  the  fpahi's  were  wor- 
fted,  they  relented,  and  every  one  went  to 
his  own  home  again.     This  fuccefs  raif- 
ed  the  fpirits  of  the  janizaries  ftill  more 
and  more,  and  particularly  increafed  the 
infolence  of  their  commander  Beilafz  agat  Se/la/t. 
who  befides,  w-is  the  old  emprefs's  favou-  ''g'l,  com- 
rite,  and  of  his  adherents  Kut  Khiahaja  and  m^n^"  «' 
Kara  Chiaus,  who  were  rich  men,  and  of^^^j^"' 
great  credit.     The  hatred  alio  which  the  ~ 
old  emprefs  dowager  bore  to  the  younger, 
grew  the  more  violent,  as  fhe  was  inform- 
ed, that  the  latter  had  been  the  occafion 
of  the  late  tumult,  in  order  to  ruin  her. 
She  therefore  began  to  contrive  how  to  de- 
throne the  emperor  by  the  help  of  thtja- 
S    O  niznrie.'. 


4; 


:| 


11 


m 


^94 


ARelatian  of  a  Journey 


l»: 


."r,-, 


IS,'  -h' 


Ills  info- 
linciei. 


RoLAMii.  nizdrus,  .iivl  to  (I'C  Wis  younger  brother 
'•^y^\J  (uluii  Siiliman  upon  ihc  ilirone,  in  onlcr 
ilic   better   to   Ifturc   her  own  ttutliority, 
witliuut  being   any    more  controiilcd    by 
any   onei    fur    luitan    Selimiin's     n)oiher 
being    l.tU'ly    ilciil,    the    inlpcL'tion   over 
liim  I'eemeil  to  devolve  upon  lier  alone. 
'J'o   brin^   tliis    about,    /he   thought  the 
more  caly,  bccaule  the  Jpabt'i  bciny  rc- 
iluctd  I'o   low,    the  janizaries  curiieil  all 
before  them,  and  with  them  Ihc  could  do 
what  (he  picas'd  by   liie  nicans  ol   Hctlafz 
their  a/^a,  whole    inlolcnte   was  conic  to 
that  dej^ree,  that  he  preteiuled  to  overrule 
even  ther;«;ri  and  as  AlHtiil  biJ/Ja  h\mvc- 
mcntioned,    who    othcrwilc   was  in    liij^h 
elteem,    had  rel'uled  him  !ome  Imall  re- 
quell,  he,  by  the  help  and  authotity  of 
the  old  emprels,    had  him  turned  out  ol 
that  high  poll,    and  AluUih  /Icbmcl  pujfa 
put  in  his   room,    who  was  a  quiet  and 
iimple  man,  whom   he  could  leail  at  his 
own  Will.     But  this  invincible    power  of 
theirs  which  they  imagined  rowel!  rivetred, 
that   Bcolajz    ulal  publiekly  to  lay,  that 
before  any  man  lljould  take  oil'  his  head, 
lo  many  other  heads  Ihould  fly  tirll,    as 
would  make  a  heap  as  hi^'.h  as  St.  So[<hia\ 
church,    futliercd  a  terrible   fljock  from  a 
quarter  where  it  was  lealt  cxpct^fcil.     I'or 
Betlajz  making  his  credit  fublervient  to  his 
Coitubad  avaritc,  li.id  bad  afpers coineil  at  BilgtacU, 
which  he   forced  upon  the  common  peo- 
ple, by  making  them  change  the  adulte- 
rated coin  lor  their  ilucats,  which  he  put 
into  his  own  collers.     This  cauleil  an  in- 
lurrctition,  which  began  at  Coiij^aiitinajU 
in  a  quarter  ot-the  t<j'^nc\\\\\SatiiheclMHui, 
where  their  tavcras  are  •,  the  common  peo- 
ca^niUiini.  p''-'   ol    the  whole   cuy   having  gathered 
there  in  a  lew  hours,  went   to  the  inujli, 
and  to  I^akib  ejflnii:,  (the  head  of  Mabo- 
vui\  family,  a  great  dignity  among  them) 
whom  they  lurccd  along  with  them  to  the 
leraglio,  defiretl  to  I'pcakwith  the  em^x-ror, 
made  their  complaints  to  him,  and  infilled 
on  another  cizi/  's  being   named,    he  who 
then  tilled  thu  poll  not  being  fit  to  'go- 
vern, as   being  a   tool   and   underling  of 
IkJdIz  aga. 

Ciipi  agii  and  Kif^ir  aga,  the  chief  offi- 
cers of  the  emperor's  houlhold  (the  latter 
hath  the  command  over  all  women  and 
Aiocrs,  and  tiic  former  over  all  men  in  the 
ii^raglio;  touiid  this  fair  opportunity  to  ruin 
Beitdji  ngii,  and  to  ellabiifJi  the  emperor 
upon  the  throne,  and  therefore  encouraged 
the  emperor,  not  to  let  it  flip,  but  to  get 
the  common  pe(»ple  on  his  fide,  antl  let 
diem  on  againll  the  j.mizartes.  Accor- 
dingly the  viiir  Ahlcch  ^Jji/iet  pajfu  was 
lent  lor,  and  immeiliately  dej)ole.l  from 
his  oliice  in  the  fight  of  the  people,  arid 
Cbiaus  [■aj/'a  put  in  his  placu,  wJio  foniier- 


afpers. 


Which 
occ.ifions 
'Umult 
and  com- 
plaints  i 


his  ruin 
intcnd.J 


ly  iud  been  fultan  Mttrat't  armour-bearer, 
a  nun  of  good  underllanding  and  cou- 
rage. So  the  pc-ople  were  (or  thit>  lime 
ap|)ealed  and  (ati»ticd.  But  BeJafz  and 
Ins  adherents  jx-rceiving  too  well,  that 
CLnaui  lajj'.t  would  not  be  a  man  for  their 
turn  \  anil  yet  not  daring  to  op|)olc  thele 
mealures  for  tear  of  the  people,  diC 
bled,  in  hopcj  that  either  they  mip 
him  over,  or  find  out  means  to  \.  ■.  ..\ 
out  ol  the  way.  In  order  therefo,p  to 
hinder  the  vizir  (rom  (lining  up  the  peo- 
ple ag.iin,  and  fubjci^ting  the  old  emoret's 
together  with  himlelf  to  the  fame  peril,  he 
ordered  his  janizarin  carefully  to  hinder 
any  (urther  meeting  among  the  inhabi- 
tants j  (u  that  whenever  any  two  were 
(ound  to  talk  together  cither  walking  or 
Handing,  they  were  ciapt  up  in  prilbn, 
and  the  moll  eminent  among  them  were 
fecurcd  on  various  j)retences,  in  order  to 
(tighten  the  others  from  aflilling  the  new 
vizir  ujKjn  occalion. 

The  em|xror  aflilled  by  the  vizir  on 
the  other  (idc,  tleligning  infenlibly  to  re- 
move out  of  the  way  thole  three  heails 
of  the  /<;«;s<;/ifj,  ordereil  Biijlttnti  pojfa, 
that  when  Culcbi^  Hajiifi  IliouKI  come  to 
the  (/ii'd«,  according  to  cullom,  he  (lioulil 
meet  him  and  dil'patch  him  at  .iny  rate  : 
But  the  old  emprels  having  information  of 
this  ilefign,  tcrrilied  Biijlami  I'iijfa,  lo 
that  he  dared  not  to  pue  it  in  e><ccutiun. 
With  thefe  cabals  the  animofity  between 
the  two  empreires  was  carried  to  the  highcll 
pitch  i  and  as  the  younger,  together  with 
the  vizir,  laboured  to  maintain  the  em- 
peror's perlon  and  authority,  the  dder 
with  the  aga  ol  the  janizuria  eiuleavoured 
with  .dl  their  might  to  cUablidi  their  own, 
which  could  not  be  done,  unlels  the  em- 
peror was  dethroned,  and  his  brother 
fultan  Soli/nan  let  up  in  his  ['lace,  as  | 
mentioned  before.  In  order  to  bring  this 
about,  Bi\-liifz  call'd  a  drjan  together,  to 
be  held  in  Orta  Giitmi,  i.  c.  the  jtwizaries 
moltjue,  where  there  was  a  numerous  af- 
fembly  of  their  clergy,  as  well  as  laymen, 
who  made  appearance,  fome  as  being  of 
Bctlajz'f<  party,  others  as  being  awed  by 
his  credit,  who  durll  not  Hay  away  :  Only 
the  vi/ir  Cbiaus  [•ajj<i  was  yet  wanting ; 
but  he  was  lent  lor  at  midnight,  with  an 
intent  either  to  make  him  conlciu  to  their 
Ichtme,  or,  in  calc  ol  relulal,  to  kill  him 
there  on  the  Ipot.  The  vtzir,  though 
fully  fenlible  ol  \w.  great  danger  he  would 
expolc  himlelf  to  if  he  went,  and  of  the 
indignity  olllred  to  his  perfon,  he  by  his 
employment  hiving  lokly  the  power  of 
convoking  a  (livan,  and  this  no  wheic  ex- 
cept in  tlie  li.Mglio,  or  in  his  own  houle  : 
Neverthelcfs,  being  a  m.m  ot  lenli;,  and 
of  an  undaunted   Ipint,    he  went  with   a 

fmill 


Ul.ichhe 
li'i  rtily 

.n\  uff'. 


Wlihil,.: 
-tliill  ini  e 

ollllOdl.l 

cinprcli. 
The  hi- 

lltil  iiC. 

tv.ixtl  ill 
r:iii  t'-lli-i 
eiicKilc  . 


ni.l.:h 
i,onvt)I.ca 
.1  till- J II. 


An.l  llmlj 
l..r  Iliei'j 
zir,  \vli'> 
othcrwilc 
h.is  iliL- 
(i  lie  power 
otciilin;; 
CliC. 


to  G)nftai1tinoplc. 


^95 


L-arer, 
lou- 
,  lime 
::  aiul 
,    tlui 

r  thfir  \Miiililie 
t;  ihcll-  '■•"'■■''/ 
.lil' 


t^  til 


/"'/'.. 


:xcciition 


OiC    lo 
he  pt'o- 

;  mi)  vets 
uril,  he 

hiniliT 

inhabi- 
o  were 
Iking  or 

priibn, 
.•m  were 
order  to 
tlic  new 

vizir  on 
ly  lo  rc- 
'X  hi;uls 
i/.i  /'rt/A'i 
tome  to 
he  IliouKl 
my  r.ive  : 
Illation  of  ^V','"'"' 

el  lliC  M 
cinptel'. 

\i  between 

le  hii-hell  '"'l''  '"• 

.lherwuh,^..;,,l„,,, 

^  the  tni-  cmir'-lU-i 
itie  tkler  eiiciejlr  ■ 
lilcivoiired 
heir  owr\ 
,'^  the  em- 
lirotlier 
ihice,  :is  I 
jrin^  ilii-i 
[Tfthcr,  to  /J/.7../- 

iiierous  al- 
lis  laymen, 
IS  beinj^  ot 
aweil  by 
ay :  Only 
wanting ; 
It,  widi  ai\ 
Int  to  their 
lo  kill  liini 

,    though  An.l  iVmli 
|r  he  woukl  i""-  ''"=''' 
land  of  the  ■^'l'  "'''; 
|,  he  by  hia  ,,,, ,,,, 
jiower  ot  (iiic  power 
wheic  ex-  ot  cjUinij 
Uv^  houle :  t^'"- 

lenl'e,  ;ind 

Lilt  with   ;i 

fnvill 


fmili    attendance  to   the  faid   aflemhiy, 
where  he  toiiml  loooo jiinizaries  drawn  up 
in  arms  bilore  the  mofque,  with  btirning 
m  ittlies.     I  lowcvf  r,    he    procccdetl    and 
cnttreil  their  allembly,  tho'  Ritlafr,  neither 
met    iimi,   nor  yielded  the   .ipptrhand  to 
him;  of  all  which  he  look  no  notice,  hut 
tcmpori/.ed.     Having  heard  thfir  propo- 
liiion,   concerning   tnc  eleftion  of  fiiltan 
Soltmiiii,  he  returned  an  anfwer,  ai  it  he 
was  very  well  plealed  with  it,  commend- 
ing rheni  for  the  /.eal  they  fliewed  iov  the 
wi  Ifire  ot    the    Aii(/ftilmtii,    and  took   an 
oath   upon   iluir   ahoran,   that  he  would 
always  tic  true  to  their  party,  and  alTill 
tln'Oi   in   the  execution    of    their   defign. 
With  this    Re'l.tfz  was  fatisfy'd,    not  li) 
much  that  he  really  gave  credit  to  the  vi- 
2/>'s   i)roniife,    and    relied  on  his  Iricml- 
ihip,  but  rather  in  contiilcnce  of  his  own 
power,  invigining,  that  though  the  vizir 
might  have   a   mind  to  oppofe  him,    he 
would  not  be  able  to  do  it  in  to  (liort  a 
time;  tor  the  next  day   was  apjtointed  for 
the  exciution   ot  the   refolution  they  had 
taken  in  the  Kalnbn  divan.    'I'owards  even- 
ing   the    vii^ir    left   them,    and   repaired 
to  his  own  hoMl'e ;    where  having  lliiycd 
lome  hours,  he,  with   two  perfons  moK, 
went  to  the  emperor's  feragfio  through  a 
back  door  called  linn  Cite,   having  had 
intorm.uion,  thai  the  old  emprel's  intended 
to  retiri-  that  night  out  of  the  feraglio,  on 
account  ot  the  liillurbances  that  were  to 
be  cxi>cdeil   the  next  day,    anti  to  fecure 
her  own  pcrfon  among  t\\c  janizaries.    The 
vizir  coming   to  the   faid  gate,    tbund  it 
ojx-n,  contrary  to  what  is  ufual,  liujhuui 
/■«//(»  having   ordered  it  lb,  at  the  old  cm- 
prefs's  direction  ;  but  the  vizir  had  it  (hut 
The  "/.•■>  "P'  ^"''  '*'^^'  ^^  the  emjKTor's  bcdcham- 
acnu.>iius   bcr   fcalleil  ilaram)  where  he  met   Sold- 
ilic  cmpc-  man  Ki/hir  agii,  who   perceiving  a  candle 
burning  in  the  oKt   cmpreiVs  apartment, 
contr.'.ry    to  cullom  j  and  being  at  a  lots 
what  to  tl'.ink  of  it,  was  not  gone  to  bed  : 
His  ffars  increafed,  when  he  law  the  vizir 
coming    lo   privately,    and  in    the    dark. 
Bur  upon  the  vizir\  acquainting  him  with 
the  wliolc  tranfirtion,    and  hi  i  own  inten- 
tions, he  loon   recovered  his  (right,    and, 
at  the  vi.'ir's  deiire,  went  in,  and  ordered 
the  young  cmprels  and  the  emjieror  to  be 
waked 
out  of 


iiir  willi 
wlut  pjl- 
Ics. 


on  their  travels^   rufhcd  in  upon  the  old  Roi-amb. 
cmprefs,  felredncr,  and  put  her  into  a  lafe  jVf*'"^ 
room   under  a  clofe   guard.     This  being  ii^^^y' 
done,    the  vizir  ami   the  laid  Kijl.n-  agti  enipt«l'i. 
went  into  the  emperor's  apartment,    and 
by    figns  bid   the   women    who   watched 
there,  to  wake  tli':  emperor  and  the  ein- 
prefs  1  which  accordingly  they  did,  witli- 
out  (peaking  one  word,  alio  by  ligns  only 
(for  at  the  'furhP)  court  it  is  the  general  Thrcon- 
culhjm  to  converle  chiefly  by  figns  i  one  ^,^'^1;'^'"" 
feldom    hears  a  word  fpoken,    and  they  ./,^,j,74 
are  (b  jK-rfedV  in  this  pra(Jlice,    that  they  ,„iiri' ii 
arc  able  to  tell  (lories,  and  to  underrtand  '•  y  lit"'- 
one  another,  as  well  as  if  they  talked  to- 
gether,   thinking   that   this    lilent  way  of 
convcrfing  adds  to  the  veneration    of  the 
place.)    I'lic  emperor  anil  his  mother  hear- 
ing of  the  defign  that  was  upon   the   an- 
vil,   were   extremely    dilturbed,    p.irticii- 
larly  the  cinprcfs,  who  having  but  lately 
lofl  her  huHiaiul,  was  now  fei/.ed  with  new 
apprchcnfions  what   would  become  of  her 
fon-,  the  emperor  being  but  a  child,  was 
frighted  at  his  mother's  defponding  beha- 
viour,   and  tell   irying  and  lamenting  ac 
the   K\jlar  rte^'s   leet,  laying.  La.,  la,  la, 
Knrtar  hen,  i.  e.  My  guardian  protect  me. 
The   vizir   comforted  them    the   befl;   he 
could,  and  took  the  emperor  with  him  to  ProviJea 
a  part  of  the  feraglio  call'd  llazoda,  where  '"'  ■'"' 
his    gentlemen  of    the  bedchamber   1"' e  ^;;'P';""'' 
their  room  ;    there  are  forty   of  them    v 
number,  who  are  afterwards  atlvinceil  i>j 
the  dignity  oi  paffas,  and  other  high  offi- 
ces,   and   are   calleii  l/azodali,    irmn  the 
place  where  tluy    dwill.     (n  tlvle    mens 
hands  it  was  that  the  vi^.ir  and  Ki/lar  aga 
put  the  emperor,  from  whom  he   had  iti 
the   mean   time  taken  an  order,   by  vcrtuc 
of  which  he  deprived  ht/Jlanci  faj/'.i  of  his 
office  (which  is  the  infpcdtion  over  all  bti/' 
tanc's  -dn^  fcragHos)  and  appointed  another 
in   his  place  \    he  farther  lent  for  all  hf- 
JlancCs,  of  whom  there  arc  always   about 
500  in  the  feraglio,  who  take  care  of  the 
gates  and  apartments  j  thole  he  put  under 
a  new  oath  of  fidelity,  and  fent  them  back 
to  their  pofts,  to   guard  all  avenues  and 
gates.     All  thefe  precautions  having  been 
taken   with  (b  much 


cen   witn  (o  much  tranquillity,  that  all 

tire  people  of  the   houfliokl,    who  lay  in 

the  adjoining    rooms,    knew  nothing  of 

and  conducted    by  (bine  eunuchs    what  pafled,  the  vizir  gave  orders  to  Cafi 

their  own  rooms  into  the  old  em-    aga  to  roufc  and  arm  all  the  Izoglaus,  who 


prels's  a|urtment,    where  flic  was  fitting  are  about  1000  in  number,  all  young  ancJ 

and  amuling  hcrlclf  with  vocal  and  inltru-  (tout  fellows.     He  liimfeK  went  to  all  the 

mental    mulick.     \  ler    chief    door-keeper  other  rooms,  where  any  of  the  coini's  at- 

Bafz  Copa  OiJ.tn  endeavouring  to  lock  the  tcndants  lay,    had    them   all  armed,    and 

door  agiinll   him,  he  killed  him  with  his  ordered  them  to  keep   in  rcadinefs,    yet 


ind  with   his  eunuchs 
rs   alio   drawn   ((or 


ganzar  or  oagger, 

who  had    their  ila_  _ 

thole  are   the    ufual    arms    of  the  Turks, 

who  wear   no  labrcs,    except  in  war,  or 


every  one  m  their  refpc(!tive  rooms,  and 
without  any  noife.  The  emperor  conti- 
nuing his  cries  and  lamentations,  as 
not  knowing  but  that  he   was  to  be  d- 

criticed. 


il 


I 

%^ 

I   '[ 
'  I 

I 


6^6 


A  Relation  of  a  Journey 


bh:- 


St 


=  f!' 


Rui.  \Mii    crificcil, 
^.''Y"*^  winitow 

Comlufli 
tiiin. 


Summons 
ill  *.///ii 
jnd  h^i 
lu  the  le- 

riglii 


4/in  the 
horlciiiir 
ktt,  where 


columns 
fUnd. 


the  vizir  had  him  carried  before  a 
of  thi  laid  rouin  to  (hew  him 
how  all  the  jk-o|>Ic  were  ready  Jor  his  de- 
fence. But  it  li.ipiHrud  contrary  to  his 
intentions,  that  an  /^c^/jm  ll-einu  liiin  troin 
one  ot  their  roonu,  cali'd  Bujuk  0,ia, 
knew  tlie  cm|Kror,  and  immediately  cal- 
led out  Iftiktj  ala  tadijzii  btmaft,  &cc. 
which  ii  their  t'ive  It  rot,  or,  God  favc 
the  king,  to  wliich  all  the  others  anfwer- 
ed,  allab,  allab ;  and  this  cry  runninu  round 
through  all  the  apartments  of  the  leraglio, 
WIS  the  beginning  of  the  alarm  and  con- 
fufion  that  cnfued. 

The  vizir  hail  overnight  immediately 
fent  orders  into  the  city  of  Conjlanlinople, 
to  all  the  fajfji  and  begi,  to  ap[xrar  in  the 
feraglio  with  as  many  men  as  they  could 
gather,  each  of  them  provided  with  pro- 
vifions  for  tlircc  days  i  which  was  done  ac- 
cordingly :  So  that  before  day  break,  not 
only  both  outer  palace  yards,  but  even 
the  gardens  and  the  llrects  adjoining  to  the 
leraglio,  as  far  as  the  large  place  Aik  Mei- 
diiti,  i.  c.  horle  market,  where  the  three 
ancient  columns  l^and,  were  filled  up  with 

troops,   and  all    night  long  the   ferag'io 

ilieiliree    was  fupflitd   with  ammunition  by  water, 
antient      from  GaLilct  and  Toft/ana.     About  day- 
break the  jaiiiziirics  alfo  grew  aware  of 
what  pafTed  in  the  leraglio,    and  therefore 
with  Bcti>ifz  at  their  head  prepared  thcm- 
ftlvcs  alio.     When   it  was  day-light,  and 
they  law  a  multitude  of  citizens,  and  of  the 
mob  gathering  towards  the  feraglio,  know- 
ing that  they  had  not  called  them,    and 
confcious  of  the  ill  will  they  muft    bear 
them   on  account  of  the  inlolcnties  they 
had  for  fomc  time  fullered  from  them,  the 
janizaries   made    large    promifes    to    the 
Greeks,    Albaniaus   and    other   Chriftians, 
that  if  they  wouKl  fuie  with    them,  they 
fhould  be  freed  from  the  baradz,  (i.  e.  the 
tribute  whifii   tlic   Chriftians  pay  to   the 
"J'"'^''.  ^^^  '■Turks)  and  be  admitted  to  employments, 
piv'io'tiic  dilhibuting  witlial   great  fums  ot  money 
among   them.     By   tliefe  means  the  jani- 
zaries gained  a  great  many  ^Kople  over  to 
their  fide ;  lb  that  even  the  city  itfelf  be- 
came divided  into  two  parties,  one  holding 
with  the  emperor,  and  the  other  with  the 
jtniiz.iries.     All  tliat  was  done  hitherto  in 
t!\e   feraglio,    had   been    conduced    with 
good  orilcr  and  quietly,    all  the  different 
ranks  of   the    houfliold  keeping  in  their 
rooms,    only    waiting   for   ttie  emperor's 
orders,  ;;nd  leaving  the  reft  to  the  vizir's 
and  the  KiJJ.tr  iig.t's  Jilpofition  :  But  after 
-jl,;.;-^,^,  they  had  laid  tlieif   hrft  morning  prayers, 
(iril  morn-  which  is  alwa"s  done  at  break  of  day,  and 
inj  rf'     is  callM  ^aihinamaji,  tiie  Ballazi's  (who  are 
y''?".   about   zoo   in  number,    all   choice  men, 
'^     "  '  ftrong,  biifk,  and  of  a  full  fize,  who  are 
armed  with  battle-axes,    and  fervc  as  a 


The  tri- 
bute 


hri:. 


The  ciiy 
UiviJtJ 
■  i;to  two 


guard  (or  the  women)  began  .m  .Harm, 
calling  ihc  lietfam  to  come  out  nl  their 
rooms  ant!  follow  them.  The  I  ■o^laiii 
arc  divided  into  two  partitions,  one  is  ol  /", 
or  600  men,  whole  quarters  are  tailed  Hh- 
juk  Odd,  the  other  confills  «)t  .loo  men, 
anil  is  called  Kutzuk  Oda,  I'IkIc  illucii 
forth  immediately,  and  went  with  the  Hal- 
lazi'i  dircdtly  to  the  hall  of  the  tortv  J/a- 
zedali's,  where  the  emperor  war*,  'l  here 
they  met  one  of  the  old  emprtls's  (avoii- 
rite  eunuchs,  whole  name  was  Has  OdabaJJi, 
whom  they  firll  attacked  with  words,  and 
upon  his  offering  to  reply,  went  to  k'vix 
him  ;  lie  cfcapcd  however,  and  haftened 
to  (i\c  himfelf  among  the  Buftami's,  but 
they  cut  off'  his  paffiigc,  and  were  going 
to  difpatch  him,  when  upon  his  requeft 
they  allowed  him  as  much  time  as  to  be 
brought  firfl  before  the  emperor,  in  order 
to  deliver  to  him  his  feal,  and  the  key  of 
his  wardrobe.  lie  had  fcarcely  given 
Ixjtii  to  the  emperor,  and  was  going  to 
fay  Ibmething  in  his  own  defence,  when 
one  of  the  Tzoglans  lifted  uji  his  fiattle- 
ax,  and  cleaved  his  head  in  two,  that  he 
fell  before  the  emperor's  feet ;  then  the 
others  fell  upon  him,  and  cut  him  into  lb 
fmall  pieces,  that  even  a  watch  and  Ibmc 
ducats  lie  had  in  his  pockets  were  cut  to 
bits  1  the  pieces  of  the  corps  were  after- 
wanls  gathered  upon  a  carpet,  and  car- 
ried away.  The  em[x:ror  being  young, 
V  J  fo  extremely  (iightnedat  this  proceed- 
ing, that  he  cried  ;  but  thefc  people  being 
once  grown  furious,  nothing  was  capable 
to  check  or  awe  them,  amidft  the  con- 
fufed  noife  of  fb  many  different  languages, 
for  they  were  all  reneg.idoes  of  divers  coun- 
tries, /llbunians,  Circajfians,  Bofnians,  Ita- 
lians, I'rencbmen,  Poles,  &c.  It  is  to  be  obfer- 
ved  here  by  the  way,  that  in  the  emperor's 
feraglio  native  Turks  are  feldom  employ- 
ed, but  only  foreign  renegadoes,  ever 
fince  fultan  Soliman'%  time,  who  made 
this  regulation  on  a  triffing  occafion, 
which  was,  that  one  of  his  pages  a  'Turk, 
ferving  him  drink  in  a  cup,  kept  the  handle 
in  his  own  hand,  no  other  being  left  for 
the  emperor  to  take  hold  of  1  another  page 
who  was  a  renegado  immediately  prefentcd 
another  cup  to  the  emperor  with  the  handle 
turned  towards  him,  which  pleafed  the 
emperor  fo  well,  that  he  would  never  at- 
ter  employ  any  Turk  in  his  fervice  at  court, 
which  maxim  prevails  to  this  day  i  though 
the  chief  reafbn  of  it  is,  perhaps,  becaufc 
the  Turks  arc  too  infolent,  higjj  fpirited 
and  leditious  to  be  trufted.  To  pro- 
ceed, thismeiiley  of  nations  however  agreed 
in  one  point,  which  was  the  making  away 
with  the  old  emprefs,  The  mufti  chanc- 
ing to  get  among  them,  wiflicd  himfelf 
indeed  larolf,  beingunwilling  to  pronounce 
■.;  the 


Rfi«riit, 
c'l  of  the 


H.i<OJ..- 

.  <,''(  llu 
ciiii'eriit  I 
cunuili. 


iris  hciJ 

Iplii  ill 
two. 


Turh  M- 
i!  )ni  em- 
ployed in 
ilie  fcri- 
glio. 


The  chief 
rcjt'un  ul 
It. 


to  G)nftantinoplc. 


697 


ilonc  ^inothcr,  wliolc  corps  they  li;iii   ju(l 


Tilt  «ni- 

(icrut'i 

niuiher 


The  miif- 
li'i  len- 
(ciKe  1 
giinll  the 
ul.l  cm- 
preli. 


tlir  fcntcncc  over  her  (whkh  in  the  like 
i.ili'i  ii  .ilw.iys  nrcfdhry  to  prcccitc)  but 
(hey  tlirc.uiicil  liiin,  th.ic  it  he  wouUI  not 
|uM  the  Itntcncc  immciliatrly,  they  would 
ulc  him  in  the  l.imc  manner  ai  they  hail 
ilonc  ^inothcr,  whole 
bclorc  tarrittl  aw.iy. 

During  this  pirlcy  with  the  mufli,  the 
cmpiTorN  niotlu-r  iK-iiip  umlrr  the  greatelt 
apprchi'nfioiit  tor  her  lon'^  lite,  came  run- 
am. mgihe  "i"o  "'"  "*  I'"  room  in  a  ma(k,  and  re- 
muiinccn.  proviii  the  mutineers  for  their  infolencc  v 
l)iit  they  in  their  madnels  and  rage,  taking 
her  tor  ihc  old  emprcfs,  were  going  to  lay 
violent  hands  on  her,  and  would  tcrtainiy 
hive  dcllroytd  her,  had  not  (he  faved  her- 
felf  l)y  falling  at  the  emperor's  I'cet,  who 
thereupon  made  figns  to  them  with  his 
handkerchief,  crying  out,  (Jbeh  JutiNiz, 
ghiri  diiriniz,  i.  e.  tall  back  \  and  lo  the 
mutineers  finding  who  (he  was,  kept  oiK 

'I'iiis  alarm  being  thus  over,  they  re- 
turned upon  tiic  mufti,  who  thought  it  not 
advillahle  to  ufe  any  more  delays ;  but 
laid,  it  was  the  will  of  (ioi>,  that  the  old 
cmprefs  (hould  be  delivered  into  their 
hands-,  which  fentcncc  he  wrote  u|)on  a 
paper,  and  gave  it  to  them  ;  with  tiiis  and 
the  emperor's  orders  in  writing,  they  lent 
fomc  oi  their  own  party  to  the  room  wiierc 
the  old  cmprets  was  Ihuc  up,  who  went 
thither,  carrying  both  papers  alott  before 
them.  Going  tiirough  the  apartments, 
they  met  tiie  eni()rels's  fool,  a  woman, 
who  being  alkeil,  whether  (Ik;  was  the  old 
emi)rel's?  anl'wereil,  Y'es,  and  at  tiic  fame 
time  fired  a  pillol  at  tiiem,  whitii  did  but 
fladi  in  the  pan  1  w!:h  this  they  feized  on 
her,  and  would  have  llrangied  her  for  the 
old  cmprefs,  had  not  Kijlnr  a^u  chanced 
to  come  in,  and  told  tiiem  who  flic  was  •, 
after  which  he  himlllf  coruludted  them  in- 
to the  room  where  the  old  empreis  was ; 
but  they  not  fimlingher  there  immediately, 
UlleTr^  (for  (he  had  hid  lu-rfelf  in  a  lott  among  a 
heap  of  bolllers)  tliey  were  near  killing 
the  laid  Kijlir  nga,  for  having  deceived 
them  as  they  thought.  But  he  defiring 
them  firll  to  look  better  about,  one  of  the 
Iz/jgLuis  clinibed  up  to  the  loft,  and  there 
found  her  hid  in  a  bolller  among  the  cot- 
ton, with  which  it  w  is  Itutied.  When  fhc 
faw  herlclf  liilcovered,  llie  took  her 
h.mds  full  of  ducats,  and  threw  them  on 
the  ground,  in  hopes,  that  he  who  was  got 
up  in  quell  of  her,  would  leap  down  after 
the  money,  and  leave  her  an  opportunity 
of  flipping  out  of  their  hands.  But  the 
faid  IzogUii,  n.imed  Deli  Dogiandi,  little 
minding  the  money,  pulled  her  by  the 
feet  down  upon  tiie  tloor,  where  his  com- 
panions, like  io  many  birds  of  prey,  fur- 
rounded  her,  tore  ott  her  clothes,  which 
Ihe  had  all  over  fcwed  full  of  gold,  pearls 
Vol.  V. 


Wliobe- 
in(',  llml 
U{>  in  A 


luJ  her- 


and  diamonili,  particularly  a  gown  of  t.ible  Rulam*. 
fur,  which  Ihc  had  fluck  full  of  ducats  i -"''V^^ 
all  which  they  cut  into  pieces,  and  divid- 
ed   among  themlclves.     .She  had  a  pair  of 
diamond  car  rings  about  her,  whuh  itcr|(,r,iij 
late  lord  kthin  jiibmtt  hail  given  her,  be-  mmd  tn 
ing  bought  tor  a  year's  revenue  of  GranJ  "";' 
(.'airo,    thefe  one  of  the  Izoglans  named  ///i  ^""' '" '"' 
Hojlam  i  got  for  his  (hare-,  there  were  liki  wile  ,tvnJu, 
necromantick   characters  found  upon  he r,  i.t  <,>./«.< 
andamong  otheria  |Mdlockofa  particular  (•'•">. 
make,  with  the  interwoven  nines  of  fiiltan 
Murat  and  lultan  Ibrahim  ;  by  the  means 
of  which  (he  was  laid  to  have  inchanted  thole 
princes.     After   they  h.id  Ihipt  her  quite 
naked,  even  without  leaving  any  linen  upon  Strip!  la 
her,  theydiagg'd  her  by  the  feet  into  the  pa-  l<«'l.  ilrjg- 
lace  yard,  and  there  llrangled  her.    Whilll  f '"  ^r  ''" 
the  fellow  who  was  to  perform  the  execu-  iiienjUce 
tion,  was  (truggling  with  her,  (he  fiiatch- ynJand 
cd  his  lintel  r  in  her  mouth,  and  bit  it  with  ilr^iiiileJ. 
her  gums  (for  age  had  not  left  one  tof.ii 
in  her  head,  (he  being  then  So  years  old)  *°  '""" 
with  luch  force,  that  he  was  very  near  lo-  "  '"*' 
fing  it.     When  they  had  thus  maile  an  end 
of  her,  as  thi  y  thought,  feeing  no  farther 
figns  ot  life  in  her,  they  all  left  her,and  ran  to 
acquaint  the  ennieror  with  this  expedition. 
But   they  were  hardly  gone  a  few  Heps  olf, 
when    the   reared    hcrtelt   up   af;ain,    and 
look'd  about  where  toHy  to,  which  being 
obtervcd  by   Ibine  others,   they  call'd  the 
Izoglans  biick,  and  the  wed  them  that  they 
had  but  little  ikill  in  that  trade;  where- 
upon they  let  about  it  a  fecond  time,  and 
did  not  give  over  till  they  were  furc  there 
was  no  liti;  left  in  her. 

'I'hus  tiic  emperor's  greateft  enemy, 
who  was  the  caufe  and  fpring  of  all  thefe 
dillurbances,  aiming  at  no  lefs  than  the 
taking  away  his  crown  and  his  life,  was 
put  out  of  the  way  ;  and  confequently  the 
fadtion  of  HcHaJz  and  his  janizartes,  an 
good  as  half  quaflied.  To  linilh  all,  tiie 
vizir  immediately  fent  for  AJabomt't's,\x\n-  Mjbomit'i 
ner   out  of  the  treafury,    where  it  is  kept  ^"""'f 

as  their  pallailium,  and  a  facred  relick  ;  it  '^"'"S'" 
L   ■  1-  •  1  1        .  outo'  the 

being  a  tradition  among  them,  that  it  was  trcitiir) , 

brought  by  the  angel  Gabrifl  to  Mabotnet, 
at  a  time  when  he  was  engaged  in  a  heavy 
war  againfl:  the  Chriftians,  for  a  prcfagc  of 
vidlory :  it  is  never  made  ufe  of,  except 
in  the  greateft  extremities,  on  which  occa- 
fion,  all  that  are  above  feven  years  ot 
age,  and  will  be  reputed  good  Mujfulinen, 
i.  e.  faithful,  ought  to  repair  under  this 
banner,  on  pain,  in  cafe  of  failure,  of  be- 
ing deemed  Giaitr,  i.  e.  infidels,  who  arc 
fallen  off  from  their  belief.  This  banner 
was  delivered  to  the  buttazi's,  who  carried 
it  to  the  populace,  and  fee  it  up  among 
them,  calling  out  /illab,  allab.  The  w- 
2(>  alio  fent  heralds  through  all  the  flreets<-illeJ  ilm 
of  Conftaniinopk,  to  proclaim  the  lieavenly  |i"'"ni)' 


1: 


i 


'i1 


\i  V 


bannitr 


t»micr 


dpS 


A  Relation  of  a  Journey 


¥i 


f 


coun'.er- 
prcp.-,r.ui 
uns, 


luctcls. 


Ror.AMn.  banner    (as  they   call   it)    being  fet  up, 
'•"■^''V^  and  to  fiimn.on  all  Miiffiilmcino  repair  to 
their  duty.     This  caufed  fuch  a  concourl'c 
of  people,  even   of  children   and  decrepit 
old  men,  that  it  was  with  much  ilifficulty 
they  could  keep  their  women   at  home ; 
thole  who  had  no  arms  took  (ticks,  ftoncs, 
and  what  clfetluy  firlV  could  leize  on,  and 
went  to  range  tliemlelve-  under  the  banner. 
Tlie  report  of  the  old  emprefs's  death, 
Rcp.imii-  jjj  ^g|j  jj  pf  \Jiihoinet\  banner  being    fet 
juJ'-arUi  "P'  '0°"  reached  alio  the  llrects  where  the 
janizaries  were  allembled  :  they  are  divid- 
ed into  two  quarters,  the  iirll  is  called  ciki 
odalar,  i.  e.  the  old  houfe,  where  one  half 
of  their  body  was  then  with  their  officers ; 
the  other  is    called  jcni  ciialar,    the   new 
houfe,  in  which  was  the  other  half  with 
BeHiUz  himfelf   and   his  counfellors.     He 
and  his  faftion  made   no  account  of  that 
pretended  religious  duty,    but    knowing 
that  his  life  was  at  flake,  advifed  his  fol- 
lowers to  fall  upon  thofe  who  had  ranged 
tliemfelves  under  the  banner,  before  their 
number  encrcafed   too    much,    and  after 
having  defeated  them,  to  attack  the  empe- 
ror's feraglio  ;  the  better  to  forward  which 
defign,  they  might  tire  the  city  in  different 
places,  which  would  draw   the  inhabitants 
from   the  lunner,  in   order   to  fave  their 
own  houfes  andgoodj.  'I'liis  fchcme  might 
have  fucccedeil,  had  it  not  been  for  tliol'e 
of  the  old  houfe,  who,  fwaycd  by  a  reli- 
gious principle,  made  a   fcruplc  of  con- 
Icience  to  let  private  intercif   prevail   o- 
ver  the  duty  of  their  bclitf  and  the  con- 
cerns  of  their   luuls,    and  thus  to   rentier 
themfelves  for  ever  unworthy  of  the  name 
of  Mujjuhncn;  beiides    that,    their  wives, 
children  anti  goods  were  difprrled  in  fcvc- 
ral  parts  of  the  city  i  lo  this  projec'l  of 
letting  it  on  fire  was  rejected.  Bc^Jajz  how- 
ever with  his  party  vvas  preparing  himfelf 
for  an  attack,  and   hatl  fent  orders  to  the 
fame  efVeef;  to  tlie  old  houle,  to  be  enforced 
v;ith    dillributirg    money    among    them, 
when  he  received  advice,  th.'t  i\\c  jainz.i- 
rtcs  of  the   old  houle   had  thrown   ilown 
their  arms,  and  were  gone  over  to  Maho- 
;«('/'s  banner,  after  having  returned  for  an- 
fwer  to  thofe  who  were  come  witli  Bcilnfz's 
orders  antl  money  i    I'crcn.la   kicijlr  atand.i 
kir'fir,  i.  e.  he  that   fends  them  is  an  infi- 
del.    At  the  fame  time  arrived  a    chiaus 
from  the  leriglio,    lent    by  the   vizir  to 
Beil.ijz  and  his  lollowers,  who  in  filename 
of  the  emperor    faid:  I [uzrulin  fangi  a^/A 
iilluina  git  meien  kciuii  k'ujir  ive  aicri'ii  bujz, 
i.  e.  he  that  docs   not  repair  to  the  holy 
banner  is  an  inlidel,  ar.d  liis  wife  is  divor- 
ced from   him.      The  cblws  having  jiro- 
pounced  thel'e  words  and  th.rown  a  p.iper 
betorc  ilieir   teet,  lialfenul  hack   with   all 
poflible  Ipced.     Upon  reading  the   paper 


they  found  thefe  words:  Thee,  B<.\1aj,c 
nga,  I  have  appointed  [lajfu  of  Diini.i, 
and  thee  Kara  chiaus  I  have  appointed 
ca/'ita/i  pajfa,  and  thee  KiiUhi:ibiija  1  have 
appointed />4{//i'/ of  •Imijwar,  and  thee  Kara 
liajfan  I  have  appointed  janizar  nga,  on 
jienaky  of  death  and  confifcation  of  all 
goods,  if  every  one  of  you  doth  not  im- 
mediately repair  to  his  employment.  Ac 
this  all  i\\t  janizaries  of  the  new  houfe 
called  out,  Daima  emizpadis  zab  ijii  olj'un, 
i.  e.  the  emperor's  reign  be  for  ever  ;  and 
lb  they  all  to  one  man  and  without  any 
order  ran  to  the  faid  banner.  Kara  Ilaffan 
who  was  named  for  janizar  ciga,  went  to 
the  feraglio  to  the  emperor,  and  received 
of  him  his  kaftan  in  confirmation  of  his 
new  employment ;  after  which  he  proceed- 
ed to  his  janizaries  under  the  banner.  Thus 
the  great  power  of  BeBafz  being  vanillied  Hi^  t^rcn 
in  one  moment,  and  he  linding  himfelf  r""'"''  " 
with  his  two  collegues  Kutchuibaja  and  ■" ''"  '^"''' 
Kara  chiaus  quite  deflitute,  confcious  at 
the  fame  time  what  defliny  would  attend 
them,  they  were  trying  to  fave  themfelves 
by  flight.  But  BeLlajz  was  forthwith  fci-  i,,  fcixeJ 
zetl,  fet  upon  a  mule,  and  in  fcorn  and  anJihing- 
derilion  carried  to  the  feraglio  and  there  ''''■ 
ilr.ingled  ;  after  he  was  de.id,  they  pluck- 
ed out  his  beard,  and  fent  to  every  one  ol 
his  Iriends  in  the  city  a  hair  of  it  for  a 
prefent,  antI  a  memorandum  of  their  tri- 
umph. The  other  two  were  alio  overta- 
ken in  the  country  and  killed.  The  relt 
of  the  ill  alle^led  who  hail  any  credit,  be- 
ing thirty  eight  in  number,  all  of  them 
ezor'adzi  and  odabjjii,  i.  c.  colonel- like 
olRcers  among  the  janizaries,  were  after- 
wards alfo  privately  and  in  the  night-time 
made  away  with  by  A\c  vizir's  order. 

Thus  this  letlirion,  which  feemed  \ 'ry  Tli«  fcdi- 
near  overthrowing  the  whole  Ottoman  ella-  timi  .ip- 
bliflimenr,    was  through   the  vizir's  pru-  T'^.^J^'' 
dentc(jiulud  quaflietl,  without  great  blood-  jviiiti,  xhc 
filed,  the  emperor  with   his  mother   were  o«?'7-j/; 
laved,  and  tlie  pride  ot'  lUt-  lanizaries  crufli-  line  lean- 
ed,  lo  that   there  was  all  realbnalile  prof- '^'  '*'"■"" 
ped  of  I  lading  tranquillity.     However,'"  ' 
it  was  not  long  before  -^ifaffa,  named  Ij/ir  j  :^.  ,^,- 
fajfa,   began  a  new  alarm  in  Natalia  with  lici;in/*a 
an  aimy  of  t\\e  Jpabi'sotJjia  confilling  of  m.vjUrm. 
thirty   or  I'orty  thouiand   men,  whom  he 
had  gained   over   to  his   fide,    and  roved 
with   them  over  the  country,  laying  one 
town  alter  another  under  contribution,  ami 
even    .-ilepfo,    which  place  he  blocked  up 
tor  lometime,  till  it  fubmittedallb.  Many 
and  heavy  complaints  were  brought  before 
the  emperor   againil  him,  but  there  was 
no  remedy  to  be  expededtrom  ni.iin  loree  ; 
on  the  contrary,  the  emperor  being  .it  lall 
apprehenfive  lelt  Ipfir  lajfa  might  turn  his 
arms  againil  himfelf,  was  obli|',ed  to  cards  Is  nrcfTea 
him  i  and,   in  order  to  loltea  hiin,  lend ''>''"=>■'"" 

him  '^ 


Ii- 


to  Conftantinople. 


699 


it"  Bltrcii, 
appoiiUCil 
iija  1  havi: 

thee  KiU\t 
ir  tigti,  oil 
ion  ot  all 
:h  not  \m- 
mciu.  At 
new  hoiife 
:Ij  ijii  olj'uii, 
ever  i  ami 
iihout  any 
[ara  Ilajfuii 
a,  went  to 
nd  recti vtcl 
tion  of  his 
le  proceed - 
incr.  Thus 
ig  vanillicd  His  throat 
nu;  himfclfr"""  '» 
ouwjja  and 
anftious  a: 
auld  attend 

thcmfelves 
rthwith  fci-  h  fcizc.l 
1  fcorn  and  .mJilung- 
)  and  tiicrc  '''*• 
they  pliK li- 
very one  ot 

of  it  tor  a 

;)t'  their  tri- 

alfo  ovcrt.i- 

The  rdt 

credit,  be- 
lli of  thcni 
colonellilie 

were  after- 

nii^ht-tinie 

order. 

;emed  v  Ty  Tht  fr.li 

ttomantiU-  'i"".-n'- 

■    ■  »      ......     pcjlcd 

!•■'-"■  ^P'^-  with 

;rea:  blood-  ^,.|,i>.|,  ,1,5 
otlier   were  Oti:"i.,ii 
;.;/-U'f  crufll-  ll->tclcein. 
jn^iblc  prol--^'  "'^"'- 

I  lowcver, 
named  //_/;;■  /^,,;,  ^,,jj 

\:ltolia  with  lie;;in!  "i 

.onlilling  of  "^-viUrm. 
wliom  hu 
and  roved 
laying  one 
biuion,  and 
blocked  up 
alfo.  Many 
ight  betore 
there  was 
ni.'.iii  torce ; 
:  ingat  lalt 
,ht  turn  his 
•d  to  carets  I>  cirefTea 
him,   iend'')''''^^'"- 
hnn  '^ 


Obtains 
the  em 


but  Toon 
killed. 


him  his  feal  with  the  offer  of  the  title  Itila, 
i.  e.  guardian  (which  in  effedl  was  making 
him  vizir  guardian,  being  the  ufual  term 
the  emperor  makes  ufe  of  in  talking  with 
\mvizir.)     This  ofTer  took  with  Ijfirpajfii, 
who  came  to  Conftantinople  and  took  pof- 
tefTion  of  his  new  poll  of  vizir,  and  foon 
ploynicnt  began  to  make  away  with  one  paffa  after 
of  vizir  i  the  other,  part  of  whofe  eftates  he  con- 
veyed into  the  emjxiror's  colfers,  and  the 
relt  into  his  own ;  in  which  proceedings 
none  durfl:  oppofe  him,    he    having   the 
fpabCs  near  him  and  at  his  beck,  all  the 
ftreets  and  corners  of  ConftaminopU  being 
filled  with  them.     However,  the  grandees 
of  Conftantinople  combined  at  laft,  and  on 
a  certain  evening  having  every  one  invited 
his  company  of  fpahfs  to  his   houfe,  they 
told  them  fo  much,  as  at  length  to  talk 
them  into  an  averlion  to  the  vizir ;  from 
thence  they  went  and  offered  the  dircftion 
of  tlieir  defign  to  Murat,    capitan  pajfa, 
who  being  upon  ill  terms  with  the  vizir 
readily  accepted  of  it,    and  managed  the 
bufinefs  fo  dexteroutly,  that  the  next  day 
the  fpabi's  and  janizaries  having  made  an 
infurreftion,    the  emperor  was  forced  to 
give   them    the  vizir  Ipftr  pajja's    head, 
though  much  againil:  his   will,  the  vizir 
having  greatly  infinuated  himfelf  into  the 
emperor's  favour  by  furnidiing  him  with 
money ;  and  as  it  feemed  to  them  that  the 
jnufli  had  been  in  the  vizir's  interefl,  they 
llript   him  of  all  and  pillaged  his   houfe, 
obliging;   the  emperor   to  fill   the  vizir's 
place  with  Murat  paffa.     But  after  three 
months  it  was  over  with  him  too,  and  he 
his  fteaJ   was  fent  to  Damaftus  and  poifoned  on  the 

rfie'rwirJj  ^  '^'^  tumult  was  hardly  appeafed  when 
baniflra  to  another  arofe,  which  was  occafioncd  by 
Dum.ij.us.  the  mifmanagemcnt  of  the  emperor's  own 
and  moft  trully  miniller  :  for  foon  after 
the  fpabi's  ■MK]jdnizarii's  reunited  and  made 
a  common  caule  in  complaining  among 
thcmfelvcs,  thai  ihcir  pay  was  made  to 
thein  in  baft:  money,  the  emperor's  trea- 
furers  cauling  bad  a/jpcrs  to  be  coined  un- 
derhantl,  when  the  troops  were  to  be  paid, 
putting  them  in  purfes  filled  more  than 
half  witii  that  bad  coin  ;  tliis  wrought  at 
laft  a  flriel  union  between  thole  two  bo- 
dies, who  chol'e  an  old  renowne  1  //a/^i 
jlffiimiga  tor  their  leader,  and  unc>:ie(ft- 
etlly  went  to  the  teraglio,  ilemanding  to 
fpcak  with  the  emperor  himl'elt.  He  was 
obliged  to  comply  and  fliew  himfelf  from 
a  high  room  near  the  outermoft  gate  of 
the  feraglio,  called  ali  tioft;  when  the  faid 
jfffan  aga,  in  the  name  of  .ill,  rcprcfented 
their  grievances  to  the  emperor.  The 
blame  was  laid  upon  Kiftar  aga,  as  alio  on 
fome  Moor<  and  eunuchs,  who  were  the 
emperor's  grcatcfl  favourites  (called  rnuft/a- 

I 


Murdt 
pajpi  in 


A  new  tu- 
mult occa- 
fioncil  by 
bale  coin. 


hip)  whom  they  infifted  to  have  delivered  Rw.amu, 
out  for  punifhment  1  how  gratingly  foever  ^''V^.l 
this  might  found  in   the  cinperor's  ears, 
yet  there  was   no  denying   them  -,  accord- 
ingly he  ortlered  Kifliir  apt  to  be  flr.mgled  .'.pp.ufcJ 
firlt,  and  then  with  fvva^  others    to   be  h  '!'>-■  <;<; 
thrown  over  the  wall  to  them  •,  their  bo-  'T"'"".'  "' 
dies  they  hung  all  together  on  a  tree,  and  ^^^r   '"'" 
mangled  them  with  cutting  the  flefli  tVoni 
their  bones  i    nor  would  this  fttisl'y  them 
yet,  but  they  demanded  alfo  a  lady,  called 
Mulkikadin  the  c  iiprefs's  favourite,  wlio  be-  -n.'    nf 
ing  delivered  alio,    they  hung   her  by  the  ^  "'«'*■'- 
feet  on  the  fame  tree.      Though  by  the  '^.'n' '|!°^... 
death  of  thefe    peribns  the  tunvjjt  "vas  fo  t,  vourite. 
far  laid,  yet  Affan  aga  with  his  followers 
flill  v/ent  on  to  commit  feveral  otl.er  out- 
rages, and  took  it  in  his  head  ro  turn  all 
the  Jews  out  of  Cff;///rt/;//«o//t;  (where  there 
were  above  twenty  thoul'and)  and  to  divide  Above 
their   goods  and  daughters  among  them-  2°'- "9 
felves.     But  this  defign  was  prevented  by  ^5^"  '" 
fonic  of  the  mofl   difcreet  among  them;  ^'.^A/f.' 
and  after  the  abovementioncd  vizir  Cbiaus 
paffa  was  come  to  Conftantinople,  the  em- 
peror by  his  advice  fent  for  Jffun  aga  to 
the  divan,  as  if  he  intended  to  fpcak  with 
him,  who  preliiming  that  all  former  tranl- 
adlions  were  now  forgotten,  went  fecurely 
thither,  but  ended  his  life  there  under  the 
fibres  by  the  emperor's  order  :  and  fo  there 
was  alfo  an  end  of  thisfedition. 

After  this  manner,   one  fedition  being  ^     ,^,^j 
quelled,  another  broke  out  during  the  mi- i„  fultan 
nority  of  fultan    Alehevict  ;    and   though  M,hr:t''» 
fi nee  that   time  he  was  free  from  tumults '"'""'''>• 
and   rebellions,    yet  upon   the  whole,  the 
Turkiffj  empire  ftrugglcd  with  great  fata- 
lities during  his  reign,  not  only  with  rela- 
tion to  the  abovefaid  revolts,  but  alfo  ever 
after  through  a  continual  feries  of  diUllers 
in  the  war  with  the  Venetians  ;  for  befides  Continiul 
the  feveral  battels  theT«rh  loil  from  time  lolltrstroju 
to  time  at  fea,  immenlt:  numbers  of  their  ''"=  ''"•'<• 
men  perilhed  in  Candia,  they  were  forced  '"""• 
to  futier    the   Venetians   to    come  almoft 
within    fij^ht  of    their  capital,    and   take 
from  them  one  flrong  ifl.md  after   another 
in  the  Archipelago,  whereby  all  communi- 
cation with,  and  fupplies   from  Eg'^pt  and 
other  parts  of  y^r/Vd  were  cut  off.'    This 
began  to  occafion  a  mean  opinion  of  ful- 
tan Mebemst,  to  whofe  ill  fortune  they  at- 
tributed all  their  adverfities,  and  at  my  ai 
rival  the  publick  talk  ran  very  hard  ag.iintl 
him  upon  that  account,  fo  that  upon  the 
leafl  unlucky  turn  and  newdifgnce  in  their 
publick  affairs  he  Hood  in  great  hazard  of 
a  revolution.     However,  the  treachery  of      r 
the  Turhft)  miniflry  was  the  true  caufe  ot  i,y  ,he 
the  good  luccels  of  the  Venetians,  of  whom  treuhery 
they  took  bribes  and  managed  affairs  ac-  °*  '*•' 
cordingly  to  the  advantage  of  the  enemy.  '^"^^''} 
This  management  went  on  during  the  ad-"""'  ^^' 

miniltration 


t 


I 


% 


700 


yl  ReUtion  of  a  'Journey 


if. 
1 1' 


I 


\i 


RoLAM».  miniftr.ition  of  the  feveral  vizirs,  who  were 
y^'''^^^^  cornipa-d  one  after  the  other  by  the  in- 
trigues antl   management  of   the    French 
RemcJieJ  embanador,  till  this  prefcnt  vizir  Coprili 
by  this     Mt'bemct  /■•J/Ai  who  being   poffcfred  with 
♦■~''-       a  true  zeal   for  his  fovereign's  reputation, 
and  tlie   intereft  of  the   Turkijh   empire, 
fcorns  to  be    tempted  with  their  money. 
lliim.in;y  The  cnipfror  till  now  had  been  a  child, 
adijii-,     and  confcquently  was  not  able  to  judge  how 
publick  affairs  were   managed  $    but    the 
vizir  k't  him  into  the  reafons  why  the  Ve- 
netiaiis  had   till  then  made   fuch  progrefs 
againll  his    empire ;    after   which  he  had 
the  corrupted  minilters  difpatched  out  of 
the  way,  and  highly  affronted  the  French 
cmbaffidor,  for  having  made  himfelt  fo 
mean  as  to  be  employed  by  them,  calling 
him  piiblickly  a  traitor,  and  fending  his 
interpreter  to  prifon  for  fome  months.    He 
next  went  and  alTxlled  at  the  campaign  of 
lail  year  in  perfon,  recovered  the   iflands 
in  the  Archipelago,  which  the  Venetians  had 
made  tiiemfelves  maflers  of,  and  took  fuch 
meafures  that  their  numerous  and  power- 
ful fleet  was  obliged  to  return  home  with 
fhame.     This  conduft  had  the  effeft,  that 
the  emperor  was  reftorcd  to  a  better  opi- 
nion among  his  fubjeds,  and  has  now  as 
much  efl:abli(hed  his  throne,  as  it  was  tot- 
tering before  on  the  lealt  unlucky  incident. 
For  die  bad  afpcci  affairs  bore  lall:  fum- 
mcr,  occafiontd  thofe  frequent  and  unu- 
fiial  devotions  at  Conjlantiiioflc,  every  time 
the  vizir  near  the  D.'rdaiifls  was  on  fome 
enterprize  or  otiier,    when  the  emperor 
himklf  went   either  to  F.jub's  tnofqtte,  or 
to  Okmeidan,  to  pafs   whole  nights  in  de- 
votion, attended  thither  with  cxcefTive  ac- 
clamations, whilll  I'ome  hundreds  of  boats 
that  wen:  up  and  tiown  the  canal,  anfwer- 
ed  with  an  equal  nolle.     As  to  the  vizir, 
liis  credit  with  the  emjxiror  grew  to  fuch 
a  heigh'-,    that  he  now  itfptdfs  him  as  a 
father  ;    and  indeed   he    is  a  man  of  good 
ami  cooJ    natural  parts  in    their   own  way,    and  of 
tjujliiicj-    great  experience  by  rcafon  of  his  age  ;  but 
lions,        his    behaviour    is  rough   and   tyrannical, 
whicii   is   what  creates  him  the  elleem   of 
the  lurks.     The  readincis  of  his  wit  makes 
him  govern   well,    and  his    cruelty  awes 
thole  who  might  otherwife  plot  againll  his 
life.     ^Vhtn  he  came  into  tiie  adminillra- 
of  wliich   tio,,,  ilKlpabi's  had  great  authority,  which 
he  gives    j|^j.^  ^^f^-^^^^  with  fuch  liccntioufnels,  as  may 
the/>.°j/v"  ^^  jiidg'xl  from  the  abovementioned  tranf- 
■         '  actions ;  he  therefore  made  it  his  firft  care 
to   iiifMUiate  himlclf  with   the  janizaries, 
and  then  to  make  away  with  about  four  or 
five  hundred  of  tiie  chief  men  among  the 
Jpahi's,  who   he  was  afraid  were  preparing 
new  broils  ;  and  this  he  had   executed  in 
tlie   night  time,  as  privately  and  with  as 
little  noife  as  was  polfible.     Budall  fum- 
I 


mer  when  he  was  going  to  take  the  fieft), 
he  grew  apprehenhve  of  their  revenge,  and 
with  reafon,  for  tiiey  had  already  ftv(r.il 
times  mutinied  in  the  camp  before  Conjltin- 
tiitople,  which  once  went  lb  far,  that  they 
feizcd  and  carried  him  before  the  emperor, 
demanding  his  life,  which  however  wai 
fpared  at  the  emperor's  own  intercelTion  : 
he  therefore  tried  another  method,  which 
was  to  reconcile  himfelf  with  part  of  them 
by  dint  of  money,  and  to  fend  the  greater 
number,  viz.  thefpabi's  of  jlfia  to  their  own 
homes,  in  order  to  manage  the  fell  the 
better.  On  the  other  hand,  as  the;V?m- ,,;  udl  as 
zaries  began  to  rear  up  again  after  the  on  the /.;- 
Jpahi's  were  crufhed,  he  turned  about  to  the  '"-•"^'"  < 
latter  for  help  to  keep  the  janizaries  down, 
and  near  the  Dardanels,  caufed  mod  of 
their  officers,  even  feventeen_/»r/'(i/V«,  i.  e. 
colonels,  and  the  cbihaja  beg  himfelf,  to 
be  put  to  death  in  one  day,  befides  many 
hundreds  of  janizaries,  on  pretence  that 
they  had  failed  in  their  duty  in  the  action, 
which  executions  he  chiefly  committed  to 
ihefpahi's,  with  a  view  of  rooting  up  all 
confidence  between  them.  Thus  he  laid 
the  fpirit  of  thefe  two  tbrmidable  bodies 
of  the  Turki/h  empire  by  playing  one  a- 
gainfl  the  other,  fb  that  neither  t\w  Jpahi's 
nor  the  janizaries  were  ever  fo  low  as  they 
are  at  prcllnt. 

Bcfidcs  this  he  degraded  or  killed  feve-on  kvenl 
ral  pajfas  and  vizirs.     Me  dcpofcd  caima-  t'lT'"  •>'>'l 
kam  Frenk  Achinct paJT.i  fo  fuddenly,  that'""'"' 
no  body  knew  of  it  nil  it  was  done,  not  the 
caimakam  himfelt  i  for  when  he  was  fitting 
in  the  emperor's  feraglio  holding  a  divan, 
his  employment  was  given  to  another,  for 
whom  he  was  to  make  room  that  moment. 
He  alio  removed    the  capitan  fnff.i,    the 
hegUrbeg   of    Hilda,  the  pajfa  of  Silijlria, 
who  hail  been  vizir  once,  and  twice  caima- 
kam j,    moreover,   he  degraded   the  ?mifti 
and  the  nakib  ejfendi,  which  are  their  high- 
ell  dignities,  and  facred  among  them,  and 
pur  his  own  favourites  in  their  places.     He 
ordered  the  patriarch  of  Covjlantinople  to  and  on  ;!ie 
be  hanged,  and  kept  another  of  Jcriijalcm  p-nnarcn^ 
for  fome  weeks   in  prifon,  as  he  did  alfo"'  '■■'"'  , 
innuir.crable  begs  and  officers,    even  oncef^'^f^^'' 
all  the  captains'of  the  fleer,  whom  he  ■di-'Zr/.'"' 
terwards  either  turned  out  of  the  fevvice, 
or  made  away  with.     Tofum  up  all  ;  by 
thefe  rigorous  and  cruel  proceedings  he  has 
compaiied  his  ends  lb  far,  that  the  TiirkiJ/j 
army,  which  before  him  had  their  minds 
let  only  upon  mutiny  and  uproar  at  home,  Rer,,rm« 
and  (hewed  no  fenfe  of  honour  nor  brave-  tli:  .inry. 
ry  againft  the  enemy  in  the  field,  are  now 
lb  far  broke  of  that  rebellious  humour, 
that  lalt  lunimer  they   not  only    made  a 
brave  Hand  againft  the  I'enetians,  but  even 
recovered  the  two  iflands  -Tenedo  and  I.on- 
mi  out  of  tiicir   hands  :  for  they  were  be- 
come 


^1 


to  Conftantinopie* 


701 


ic  ficfcl, 
igc,  anil 
'/  ftvcr.il 
Conjliiti- 
vM  they 

vet  WHS 
•cclTion  : 
I,  which 
ofthtm 
:  greater 
heir  own 
rtll   tiie 

tiie  ;■(?;»'-, IS  well   as 

ifter  the  on  ih<.-  /./- 
lilt  to  the  »'''"■"" 
es  down, 
moft  of 
ices,  i.  e. 
mfclf,  to 
ies  many 
;nce  that 
le  action, 
nitted  to 
ig  up  all 
IS  he  laid 
Ic  bodies 
ig  One  :\- 
■hcfp^hi's 
IV  as  they 

lied  feve-  on  fcver.il 
L-d  ciiima-  P'f-"  -""^ 
nly,  that '"-"■'• 
c,  not  the 
as  fitting 
liivaitf 
ther,  for 
moment. 
fljj'.i,    the 
'  Silijlria, 
re  (iiima- 
the  7nufti 
ht:irhigh- 
lem,  and 
ires.     He 
Himjle  tOaiulon;!ie 
Jcrujalnn  pjinanu^ 
e  did  alfo  "''■"'•  , 
vcn  once{,„^,  y,,,,. 
)m  he  af-yj/Vv;. 
ftrvice, 
all  ;  by 
gs  he  has 
le  TiO'kljb 
tir  minds 
at  home,  Roiortni 
or  brave  •  tlr.-  am'/. 
are  now 
luimoLir, 
made  x 
but  even 
md  l.tin- 
'  wire  be- 
come 


The  em- 
peror 
makes  a 


torte  fenflble  thaf.  cither  they  mud  con- 
quer the  enemy,  or  choofe  inevitably  to 
perifli  by  the  hands  of  the  vizir,  the  for- 
mer of  which  appearing  more  preferable, 
they  now  begin  to  accuftom  thcmfelves  to 
notions  of  victory. 
The  Tur-     During  my  ftay  at  Conjlantinople  fultan 
tijbemft-  Mehemet  entered  into  his   ly^^   year,    at 
ror  be-     which  time  a  TurkiJ/j  emperor  becomes  of 
3°""l5'j„  age,  and  the  mother's  guardianlhip  deter- 
17  years    mines.     He  is  then  by  their  law  obliged 
old.  to  repair  to  Adrianople,  the  antient  feat  of 

Adriatm-  the  empire,  and  to  undertake  fome  expe- 
Sent  fett"  '^'''O"'  '«  entitle  him  to  a  third  feather  to 
of  the  era-  ^  P"'  '"'o  his  turbani  by  the  vizir;  for 
piie.  before  this  he  may  wear  only  two,  and 
thofe  hanging  down  before  )  but  after  he 
has  performed  that  journey,  he  may  fct 
thofe  two  feathers  upright,  and  add  a 
third  as  aforefaid,  which  however  muft 
alfo  be  turned  downwards,  till  he  has  con- 
tjuered  fome  province,  and  then  he  wears 
them  all  three  upright,  and  is  acknowledg- 
ed by  his  fubjefts,  and  deemed  to  have 
full  authority.  In  conformity  to  this  cuf- 
tom  the  emperor,  by  the  vizir's  advice, 
fet  out  from  Conjlantinople  the  23''  of 
September  1657,    and  after  a  ftay  of  a  few 

•    rney     ^'^^^  '"  **'^  '^^'^T  ^'''^  ^""^  ^"-^  marched 
from  Co«-  "^^  Adrianople.    The  vizir  was  as  yet  taken 
jiantinople  up  near  the  Dardaneh,  but  followed  fome 
to  Adria-  weeks  after,  and  was  received  by  the  em- 
KQpU.       peror  with  great  demonftrations  of  favour 
and  honour.      There  were  indeed  divers 
conjeftures  concerning  the  views  intended 
by  this  joMrney,  but  the  true  and  chief 
The  cliief  reafon  of  it  was  in  reality  no  more  than 
rcafon  of  what  I  mention.      Yet  in  other  regards 
this  vizir  is  forming  great  and  deep  de- 
figns  1  he  was  formerly  in  the  fervice  of 
two  famous  and  able  vizirs,  during  fultan 
Amurat's  time,  one  named  Tabani  Bujuk, 
and  the  other  Kara  Muftafa  paffa,  which 
latter  was  alfo  in  the  adminiftration  for 
fome  years  in  fultan  Ibrahim's  time.  Hav- 
ing lludied  the  maxims  of  thofe  minifters, 
he  llridlly  follows  them  :  as  Tabani  Bujuk 
did  always  prefs  fultan  Mural  to  under- 
take lo.ne  expedition,  in  order  to  gain  to 
himfelf  reputation  in  the  world,  the  pre- 
lent  vizir  oblerves  the  fame  conduft  with 
rcfpedl  to  fultan  Mehemet  now  reigning. 
And  notwilhftanding  he  is  from  his  nature 
eafy  and  inclined  to  melancholy,  yet  the 
vizir'%  difcourfcs  have  wrought  fo  much 
upon  him,  that  lad  fummer  he  imitated 
the  example  of  fultan  Mural,  and  with  the 
view  of  making  himfelf  more  refpedted 
and  feared,  began  to  range  up  and  down 
Conjlantinople  in  difguifc,  always  attended 
by  his  executioners,  whom  he  immediately 
orders  to  difpatch  whofoever  is  furprized 
in  fmoking  tobacco  or  any  other  irregula- 
rity i  on  which  occafions  he  hath  already 


It. 


The  em- 
|;rror  n-i- 
lurjlly  ca- 
ly  and  in- 
clined to 
iiiclan- 
chuly. 


fliewn  feveral  inftances  of  cruelty  :  the  Rolamu. 
vizir  hath  likewife  done  all !  is  endeavours  .V'"^'^ 
to  infpire  him  with  an  inclination  to  war,  :„f  ^'IT" 

ret         .^        1  •     /-      •  ,  r,        inltanccs 

fo  far  that  \tpon  Ins  letting  out  liom  Con-  of  crucltv-, 
Jiantinople  on  the  laid  expedition,  the  em- 
peror gave  his  mother  to  underftand  he 
did  not  intend  to  fee  ConJlcintinopli  again 
within  the  lirll  feven  years,  but  to  employ 
his  younger  years  in  extending  the  borders 
of  the  empire  of  the  MuJ^idmen.     Tor  it 
is  an  article  of  their  conftituiion,  that  no 
emperor  fhall  be  allowed  to  build  a  mofqiic, 
unlefs  he  has  conquered  fome  province  or 
other  i    and  this  building  ot  a  church  is 
thought    the   more   meritorious,    becaufe 
they  have  a  fuperftition,  which  makes    it  A  partici:- 
doubtful  for  an  emperor,    who   has  not  ''f  f'lP'^f- 
built  his  church,  whether  he  fhall    go  to  '''"°"' 
heaven  or  no.     But  this  warlike  rcfolution 
foon  abated,  for  while  I  was  at  /Idrianople, 
his   mind  was  already  much  fct  upon  re- 
turning to  Conjlantinople  again  ;  and  it  was 
with  great  difficulty  the  vizir  could  keep 
him  with  the  army  till  they  broke  up.     If 
this  vizir  Ihould  live  long,  he  will  cer- 
tainly put  him  upon  fome  remarkable  en- 
terprize  againft    fome  part  or  other   of 
Chriftcndom.     Every  thing  looked    tlien 
towards  an  Expedition  againft  Itnl^  ;  how-  In'^ndei 
ever,  the  vizir  would  willingly  abaic  ir.  "<:  -^'''^■ 
fomething  to  have  thofe  troublcfome  af- """  °'"'\''' 
fairs  adjufted,   in  order  to  carry  on  his  o-  y'mut^ 
ther  and  more  important  defigns.      The 
reports  of  an  intended  expedition  againll 
the  Venetians  have  turned  the  heads  of  the 
TurkiJ}}  budalates,    whom  they  look  upon 
as  faints  and  prophets,  but  in   reality   are 
errant  fanaticks,  that  wherever  they  are 
feen  in  the  Itreets,    they    bawl  out,  Cicil 
Alma,  Cicil  Alma,  i.  e.  Kome  ;   for  in  their 
muhamedys  (a   book    of  prophecies)  it   isxheirpro- 
faid,  that  the  Turkijh  emperor   fhall  come  phecies 
as  far  as  Rome,  and   take  it,  that  he  fhall  concern- 
make  the   pope  patriarch    of  Jerufalem,  '^^Jt  ""!; 
who  fome  time  after  fhall  profefs  the  Ma-  pig. 
homelan  faith  ;   then  Christ  fhall  come 
and  fhew  the  Chriftians  their  error  in  not 
having  accepted  the  alcoran,  and  inftrudt 
them-,  that  the  dove  which  came  down 
from  heaven  was  not  the  Holy  Ghoft,  but 
was  Mahomet,  who  fhall   be  thirty  years 
upon  earth,  and  confirm' the  alcoran  by 
new  miracles.     After  that  time  the  power 
of  the  Turks  fhall  decline,  till  they  retire 
into  defert  Arabia,  and  then  there  fhall  be 
an  end  of  the  world.     This  their  over- 
throw fhall  come  from  that  people  north- 
ward, which  in  the  faiu  prophecy  is  called 
caumiesfer,  i.  c.  yellow  haired  fons.     But 
the  ruin  of  Conjlantinople  fhall  happen  in 
one  fultan  Mehemet's  time,   and  then  the 
Turks  fhall  be  reduced  to  fo  few  in  number, 
that  fixty  Turkijh  women  fhall  have  but 
one  hufband  among  them.     Now  as  the 
8  Q.  prefent 


i'T 


I 


-J02 


ylRelatian  of  a  Journey 


:  ■  li 

hi 
m 


ir  \ 


Hiving 

niivv  krn 
(>:  ili.it  f.r; 


fjllillcH. 


crcile  o 


RiL«M»,  prefent  liili.in':.   name  is  Mebeinel,    when 

*-orv<»  [ijry  litard  of  your  m.ijclty's  proyrcflis  in 

Pol.iiiil,  tliey  were  txtrcniely  aUtctcul  wiili 

it,  tf,'.rin[^  t!ie  a(.com|)lilhnitnt  ot    tliofe 

prophivi.s   was  now  at  hand.     I'or  iliry 

call  file  SiVi'cU-i  ffcd,  anil  fay  timt  lu'iwcen 

ifi-d  and  if(.r   there   is   lb  little  ililfcrcnce, 

that  a  iniltake  might  eafily  iiavc  hapin-ncd 

in  writing  sfer   inllead  of  sfcdy    'or  their  r 

is  written  1  and  their  </  n.     But  above  all 

now  that   they  have  feen   of  that  fort  of 

people   in  Conjhuitiiioi'le,    of  whom   they 

r.t    c'  i'i'c,  ^^'^^  no  notice  before,  that  propiiccy  mulf 

ilicv  iMf' needs   be  foon  fulfil kil.      A\nd  inched  our 

ila'ir  pro-  arrival  here  has  to  railed  the  attention    of 

p'"-!'-^  .      the  I'loks,  that    whereas  they  ul'e  to  call 

all  thofe  who  wear  hats  and  their  ^nvn  hair, 

by  the  name  oi  fienk  or  frank  u  yet  I    had 

fcarcc   been  a  week  at  ConjLir.tinoil:,  but 

they  had  learned  fo    well    tu  dillinguifh, 

that  they  not  only  called  m-  and  thofe  of 

mv  retinue,  but  alio  every  man   who  had 

yellow  hair,  no  longer //y«<- but  ifc/. 

It  is  true,  if  one  narrowly  examiiir-; 
their  prcl'ent  llate,  and  comp.ires  it  with 
the  following  national  charafler,  to  which 
their  monarcl.y  owi.s  its  I'ormer  encreafe,  it 
feems  that  vail  machine  is  near  its  down- 
tl.fc  •//«i-  i-^ii  j.y,.  ,n.^  -i-|n,.y  formerly  cultivated 
■^"•',""''""  military  arts  and  exereifes,  and  avoided 
miliury  nothing  lo  much  as  a  laltin^-.  peaee  ;  wlure- 
liikipline.  as  now  they  are  dil'poled  tor  nothing  lets 
than  war,  and  iond  ot  nothing  more  than 
peace,  being  grown  elfeminate  to  a  degree 
Their  mo- hardly  to  be  bilieved.  idly.  They  did 
deration  pot  give  themlclvis  up  to  luxury,  but 
'"!•'',""';  were  temperate  both  in  eating  and  drink- 
(„,._  nig,  aiu!   with  this  view  their  law   torbids 

them  the  drinking  ol    wine,  and   refrains 
thtir  being  too   long  at    their  meals,   pre- 
tending   that  two  angels  are    waiting  on 
c:'.ch  Miijfidman  at  table,  whom  they  ought 
not  to   detain   long;  the  true   meaning  of 
which   is,  that  Mahomet   would  not  have 
them  indulge  chemfelves  in  long  and  .lainiy 
meals.     Contrary  to  this  precept,  gluttony 
and    other    exceires  are    no   where    more 
common  now  than  among  them,  and  thot'e 
who  are  above  others  in  rank  and  dignity, 
drink    teeretly   in  their  own  houfes,    Itill 
careful  of  their,  reputation,    which  would 
Their        fufier    was    it   publickly    known.      jiHy, 
iruili  .iml  There  was  once  truth  am!    faith   among 
mioiliaiili  (|,^,p,  ;    ij^ii;  it  is  other  wife  now,  and  one 
Turk  will  not  trull  the  other,  but  relies  al- 
moll   more  on  a  Ciiiillian  ;    and  for  tnis 
realoii  the  chiel' employments  are  filled  with 
rcnegadois  or  their  children,  nay  the  em- 
peror's  whole    houlliold    is  compofed    of 
Choice  ill  none  elle.      .|i.lily,     ihc    moil   important 
Ijtiluvvini;  cniploynieius    were   bellowed   only    upon 
""•  ■  '*"     'r.fiki  who  w-.re  the  moll  capable  ;  whereas 
.It  tlii^  luiK  tl'.ey  are  not  given  by  choice, 
butdirc-Hy  lolJ  by  liic  empeior's  eunuchs, 
4 


without  cliliinilion  or  regard  to  capadty. 
itiily,  l'"ormtrly  the  tlrcngth  of"  their  mo.  The 
narcliy   (onlilled  in   tliefo   two  bodies  ot  "''"!'.■'' 
lorees,    the  fpal.ns  and  the  janistiiies,  tor  '.'j-J^'; 
which  not   only   choice    men  were  picked  cnipirc  in 
out    all  over  the  empire,   but  even  hanlly  i heir  /,«,/- 
any  ailmitteil,    who  were  not  from    rhiir  ^■''''  ""'^  . 
childhood  brought  up  and   well  exercilnV""-^"" 
among  the  .izn/ntigliUis   in    three    dillcrent 
ieraglios,  on   piirpoie  appointed    (or    that  .   , 
ule.     At    pretint  they    are  promifeiiouflv 
taken   out  among  all  torts  of  ])eople,  and 
'o  betome  a  j/i>dziir\i  coils  no  more  th..(i 
i..e  exjX'nie  Ot  an  ocka  of  fugar  or  (oHee  \  ,\ 

yet  they  h.ive  no  pay,  but  only  the  rame, 
which  exempts   them  from  tribute,  which 
makes  it  that  there  never  were  more  jam' 
zarifi  in  Irirkey  than  at  prefent ;  and  yet 
their  empire  never  wanted  tbldicrs   more 
th  in  even   now,  for  they  ha\'e  neither  life 
nor  Ipirit  ;  fo    that  a  janizary  and  a  dog 
are    at  this    time    ahiioll      vdued    alike. 
6thly,  Their  vener.uion  tor   the  emperor  Vcncnti- 
was  very  great ;    they  refpctled    him   like  <->n  for 
a  go.i  i  his  comman<ls  were  without  con- ''"^^''''^'''• 
troul  ;  nay,  he  who  was  to  die  by  his  or- 1"^'""- 
der,  w.is  reckoned  among  the  blelled.    At 
this  time  one  hears  not  oidy  every  year  of 
a  tumult  or  rebellion,  but  evin  they  have 
killed    lidtan    Oj'man,    dethioned     fultan 
Atiiftafa,    made   away    again    with    fultan 
Ihruhim,  ami  would  li.ive  don-.-  fo  likewile 
by    llilian  /'^ttrnl,    hail  he    not  prcventcil 
them  -,  how  often  thi's  prefent  fultan  Me- 
hfinet  was   in  danger  of  his  life  has  been 
related  above.     l''oii.icrly,   when  the  em- 
peror fent  a  cciluci  [.,ijfa   (of  whom  he  has 
two  hundred  at  his  court)  to  any  i.i£.i  to 
take  away   his    life,  he  was  received  with 
great   veneration,  and   the  difgraceii  per- 
Ibn  lubmitteil  to  the  execution  with  pro- 
found obedience-,  but  now  when  a.  cap'ci 
fajj.i  fets   out   on  the   like   errand,  he   is 
often    met  on  the    road  and    made  .iway 
with,  or  is  fci/ed  and  tortured  till  he  for- 
I'wears  undertaking  ever  the  like  commif- 
I'lon   again.       7thly,  They  are  fdlen   offRcrpcfl 
from  their  former  veneration  o\'  M(ihomft\  tor  A/,;'-?- 
laws  and  tlatutes ;  and  their  ftiiifties,  who  ""'     ''** 
are  the  guardians  and  interpreters  of  that  "^\^l  ^ 
law,    and    whofe    perlons   formerly  were 
reckoned  ficrcd    among  tluni,    are   now, 
for  realbns  of  flate,  depofed  and  changed 
on   any   emergency  ;  nay,    liiltan  M .ral 
even   took  away  one   miifti\  life.     Sthly, 
Jullice  is  not  adminillred  by  the  prcfci  ip-  /\jniini- 
tion  of  the  l.iw,  but  according  as  avarice  Hrnion  of 
jiromprs  their  r/;:)>j  and />(3//(';;,  who   force  jiirt'i-=. 
the  frt//M  or  judges  to  pronounce   ientence 
as  they  arc  bid,  though  it  be  diredly  op- 
polite  to  the  law;  nay  the  fountain  of  ir, 
the  mitfri  himielf,  when  ibme  revolt   pre- 
vails, is  forced  to  pronounce  any  ientence, 
how    contr.iry   Ibever    to    his  confciencc, 

which 


to  Confkntinople. 


703 


II 


linn,  Grrm.in,    Latin,  Creek,   7ur];ijlj  ami  R"lamii. 
Arnbian  tongues,  who  fincc  his  being  ta-  '-''VNJ 
kfn  prironcT  in  the  Venetian  war,  haJ  I'erv- 
cd  ten   years  for   a  mufician  in  the  f  rag- 
lio,  but   was  lately  fjt  at  liberty,   and  re-' 


whitli  is  dictated  to  him  by  the  vizir  or 

other   leading  men.     Qthly,  To  complcaC 

all,  fome  of  the  late  emperors  laid  intinly 
Cire  afide  ail  care  atid  enquiry,  how  the  go- 
;,ljout  the  vernmc.it  and  ilu-  revenues  were  admini- 

^'  -in  mJ   '^'■'•''''  ^"''  g'^^*^   tiiemrdves  wholly  up  to     ceived  //>ij/j/'s  pay,  yet  lived   in  the  lunj-flj 
revenue,    tlicir  plcafures  among  their  conrubines  and     embaltidor's   houfe,    in  hopes  of  gctiing, 

eunuehs,  wliirh  has  opened  a  door  to  the     by    his   liclp,   out  of  Turk^,  and   among 

covctoufnefs  ot  the   courtiers,  who  think 

of  nothing  but  filling  their  own  purfes  by 

breach  of  trulf,  and  open  violence,  fo  far, 

that  as  foon  as  a  man  is  known  to  be  well 

in  his  affairs,  his  neck  is  in  certain  danger, 

let  his  merits    anil   capacity  be  never   fo 

great.     Thefe  merliods  not  I'ifficing,  bafe 
At  prefent  coin  is  llruck  in  vail  t|uaniity,  with  which 


Chriflians  again,  being  in  his  heart  flill 
addifted  to  his  former  religion  of  the  re- 
'brmed  profelTion.  1  (hall  impart  the  fub- 
llance  of  his  account  in  a  few  words. 

Its  ntiiatioii  is  upon  a  point  of  l.md  that 
reaches  out  into  the  Bofj hoi;/ >,  wallied  with 
the  fea  on  three  fides,  and  by  the  '■tuiks 
callM  Surai  Dtirmi,  the  property  of  v.hich 


b»ic  coin.  j].|gy  (-i^eat;  j|,(.  army,  till  they  mutiny  and     piece  of  ground,  with  the  p.dad',  and  all 

rife  in  ari«s.     And  the  jirefent  ■yiziV  ex-     buildings    (landing    upon    it,    belong    to  The  pl.ict 
■    ■'  ■  cepted,  I  cannot  fay,  that  in  my  time  any     Mecca,  the  emjic  ror  holding  the  ufe  of  it  where- 
one  of  the    Turkifj  miniileis    (Tuwed   the     for    a   certain    rent    or   acknowledgment,  r.'^""|io"^ 
leaft   concern  for  the  common-weal,  but 
all  other  regards  gave  way  to  their  felfith 
views  of  ambition  and  avarice.     This  con- 


Private 

intercd, 
ambition 
and  ava- 
rice 


duft  proved  very  jiernicious  lo  ilie  Twk- 
ijh  alVairs  lor  fom.-  years  j).dl,  in  the  war 
againft  the  lenctiaas,  and  cannot  fail  to 
end  in  the  utrer  ruin  o(  their  empire.  For 
a  nation's  falling  oil  from  its  anticnt  eha- 
radler,  and   giving   into  new    ciiiloms,   is 


feem  to 
icHt-'hodc 
their  ruin, 


which  is  yearly  paid   into   the  temple    at  (ijnds,  be- 
Mecca.     The  whole   building  confifls   ofljiiystQ 
three  large  yards  built  round  on  all  fides,  f'tnia. 
all  which   is  compalTed    with  a  great  or- 
chard. 

In  the  foremod   palace  yard  arc  the  ar-  Tlie  forC' 

fenal,  the  hofnital-    the  habitation  of  the  "'"'*  P^', 
i  1        '  111-  licc  yarn. 

wooii   and     water-carrier';,    the     baking- 
houfe,  and  the  dwellings  of  thofe  who  make 
ufually   reckoned   a  certain  forerunner  of    and  take  care  of  all  forts  of  m.its,  which  the 
fomc  remarkable  change    in  the  govern-     Turks  work  very  curioiifly  an.l  neat,  for 
ment  V  and  according  as  that  turn  of  tern-     Covering   the  floors.     In  this  court  the -ji- 
per  inclines  a  nation  towards  virtue  or  vice,     zir,  and  whoever  comes  on  horfcback  do 
fo   the   change  of  their  ftatc  will   be  for     alight,    and    then  proceed  on  foot.    The  xiie  (c- 
their    advantage     or    detriment.      Now,     fecond  palace    yard  is   furroundcd  within  conJ  p>- 
where.as  there  appears  at  prefent  in  all  their     with  porticos  or  piazzas,  fupportcd  with '•"•=  X"'^' 
afi'airs  a  violent  bent  of  vice,  it  is  not  un-     marble  pillars,  under  which  arc  fitting  the 
reafonable  thence  to   foretel  their  impen-     paffas,  chiaujei  and  janizaries,    and  other 
ding  ruin,  unlefs  they  recover  by  the  di-     officers,  when  there  is  a  I'.ivan  or  council, 
vifions   among  Chriflians,    which  as  they     which    is   alfo  held  in  the  fame  place,  as 

well  as  their  chanccllary  or  fccretary's  of- 
fice. In  this  court  live  cooks  and  con- 
fe<5tioners,  who  prepare  all  lorts  of  fwcet- 
meats  and  prcferves  -,  as  alfo  the  lackeys 
who  wait  on  the  women.  It  is  v.ry  large, 
full  of  laurels,  cyprefTes,  and  otiier  trees  i 


have  at  firll  highly  contributed  to  their 
encreafe  ;  fo  they  will  in  all  probability 
have  the  fame  eflcft  again,  if  it  Hiould 
pleafe  almighty  (it>n  any  longer  to  make 
ufe  of  that  nation  to  fcourge  his  own  dif- 
obedient  people. 


Of  the  Among  the  feveral  matters  that  deferve     among  which  flags  anil  fallow    deer  are 


emperor's  {(,  be    related    concerning  the  (late  of  the 
(craglio      '■fiirkijij  enn)ire,    the   emperor's  li-raglio, 
cuUr""'  (  leptam   mugni    ihmini )   with  his  particu- 
hounioM.  lar   houfliold,  is  very  remarkable -,  not  fo 
much  on  account  (;t  its  (lately  and  fump- 
tuous  architedture,  as  bccaufe  neither  Chri- 
flians nor  -T.irks,  the  emperor's  nearell  fer- 
vants  excepted,    are    permitted    to   come 
into  it  ;    aiv.l  it  is  death  for  :;ny  body  only 
to  peep   in,  and  lee  any  ot    his  women  ; 


fee n  to  walk  about,  like  in  a  park.  The '^''"-' '""""^ 
third  and  innermofl  court  contains,  be-  ^^^'f' 
fides  the  hall  cMcii  Divan  / lane,  where- 
in publick  audiences  are  given,  the  empe- 
ror's apartments,  and  thole  of  his  women, 
and  the  rooms  for  thofe  of  the  houlhold, 
who  are  in  daily  waiting,  who  being  of 
divers  degrees,  1  fhall  give  an  account  of 
each  fort,  and  reckon  up  their  number. 

I'he  chief  of  the  emix'ror's  court  offi- ^''■''^ °'" 

ficers  of 


cont'euutntlv  there  are  few  or  no  (Iranircrs     cers  arc  two  eunuchs;    one  white,  who  is  ,,'",, "r-. 


■    who  ever  could  liave  true  information  con 

cerning  the  flatc   of  it.     But    I   had  the 

good  fortune  to  receive  a  moll  particular 

account  of  it   wiiilll  I   was  there,  from  a 

Siio'jiui's  renegado    Alhertus    Bcuovim,    a    man    of 

actount     learning,    well  verfcd  in  the  French,  Ita- 

of  it.  '^ 


call'd   Crt/(    aga,   and    has  under   him  a  hoiJ. 
hundred  white  lunuchs,  who  arc  to  cbferve 
the  young   men   call'd  Izti^luns,   and  keep 
them  froin  unnatural  vices.     The  (aid  Ca-  The  Ci:fi 
p  aga'-i  ofBce   is  belides  this,    to  exercife  ".?"• 
a  comm.md  o\'er  all  the  mm   in  the  fera- 

glio. 


i 
11 


704 


A  Relation  of  a  Journey 


I 


'I 


vyN-» 


The  Kif- 
lar  agt. 


The  Buf- 
lanciBaJfi, 


The  Ha- 

xaduH'st 
or  gentle- 
men of  the 
bed-chini- 
ber. 


Ihe  liaz- 

•;<;'■;';,  or 
ieeper,.  of 
the  war- 
lirobe. 

Tlie  Mf 
t'.etarlts, 
or  lingers. 


The  Do- 

giimii,   or 
lalcjiicri. 


The  Ki- 

/fn'i'i,  or 
conrcdiio- 
ners. 
The  Izt- 
^Utii,  or 
privy  fer- 
vjnts. 


glio,  and  he  is  even  the  perfon  whom  the 
emperor  employs  in  corredling  the  vizir, 
in  cafe  he  thinks  his  pride  too  much  grown, 
and  yet  will  not  take  away  his  life,  on  ac- 
count of  his  behaving  well  in  the  admini- 
ftration ;  and  this  corredlion  confil^is  in  the 
Capi  aga's  giving  him  as  many  ftiipes  as 
the  emperor  directs. 

Tlie  lecond  of  the  emperor's  chief  court 
officers  is  the  Kijlar  aga,  a  black  eunuch, 
under  whom  are  200  black  eunuchs,  who 
have  the  infpcftion  over  the  women.  His 
office  is  to  govern  all  the  emperor's  wives, 
concubines,  and  their  female  flaves;  and 
if  any  of  the  emperor's  women  mifljchavc 
againft  him,  they  receive  their  punifliment 
from  his  hands.  The  next  in  rank  after 
thefe  two  is  the  Buftanci  Baffi,  the  head  of  all 
the  buftanci's  or  gardeners  •,  thefe  have  the 
care  of  the  emperor's  feveral  houfes  and 
gardens,  whereioever  fituate,  and  they  are 
5000  in  number.  Thefe  three  officers  are 
always  about  the  emperor's  perfon,  whom 
they  turn  and  lead  at  their  pleafure,  and 
confequently  muft  be  much  courted  by  the 
vizir  and  other  grandees  to  keep  them  in 
favour. 

After  theft  are  40  young  men,  call'd 
Hazodali's,  who  are  like  gentlemen  of  the 
bed-chamber ;  they  drefs  and  undrefs  the 
emperor,  and  deep  in  his  own  apartment. 
They  have  three  chiefs ;  the  firft  of  whom 
is  the  ftUHar  aga,  the  emperor's  armour- 
bearer,  who  always  carries  the  emperor's 
fabre  after  him  j  the  fecond  is,  the  cbo- 
badar,  his  valet-de-chamber,  who  takes 
care  of  his  wearing  apparel.  A  third  is, 
the  rike  haptar,  who  carries  the  emperor's 
turban  in  travelling,  and  holds  the  ftir- 
rup  when  the  emperor  mounts  on  horfe- 
back.  Thefe  three  always  ride  abreaft 
immediately  after  the  emperor,  when  he 
travels.  The  next  after  thefe  is  the  keeper 
of  the  furniture  or  wardrobe,  with  thofe 
under  his  command,  called  //azwa/i'j,  being 
200  muficians,  divided  into  two  forts,  fome 
to  whom  the  field  mufick  belongs,  and 
others  who  play  upon  all  kinds  of  inftru- 
ments  •,  befides  thefe  are  the  fingers  call'd 
Mechetarles,  about  80  in  all,  more  or  lefs, 
according  as  the  emperor's  curiofity  leads 
him.  Their  bufinefs  is  to  play  before  the 
emperor  and  his  wives  night  and  day,  that 
being  their  chief  and  almoft  only  pafs-time. 
The  emperor's  falconers  or  Doganci's  are 
200  in  number,  who  attend  the  emperor's 
hawking,  and  are  obliged  night  and  day 
10  go  to  and  fro  near  their  habitation,  car- 
rying faulcons  upon  their  hands.  His  con- 
fectioners, who  are  100  in  number,  are 
called  Kilerli's. 

His  molt  rrufty  and  privy  fervants  are 
call'd  Izoglaiii,  who  are  1000  in  number, 
and  as  ic  were,  the  fprings  by  which  the 


reft  of  the  houfhold  in  the  innermoft  court- 
yard move  i  they  dwell  in  two  long  houfes 
like  barns,  without  any  partitions  ol  rooms  •, 
in  one  there  are  400,  and  in  the  other  boo, 
where  they  have  hardly  room  enough  to 
fit  or  lie  down.  Moll  part  of  the  day  iliey 
are  fitting  without  any  motion  or  talk, 
unlefs  fpoke  to  by  their  foremen,  their 
whole  converfation  being  only  by  figns, 
without  the  leaft  noife,  nor  fo  much  as 
laughing-,  tor  the  reft  they  are  allowed 
reading  or  writing,  and  walking  about  in 
the  court-yard,  once  a  month,  to  Itretcli 
their  legs  -,  otherwife  they  do  not  fo  much 
as  fiir  from  their  places,  except  it  be  to  go 
to  prayers,  to  bathe,  or  on  their  necelfary 
occafions  -,  for  which  three  purpofes  there 
is  a  houfe  near  their  door.  The  bath-  The  Ha- 
keepers  called  Haman,    are  80  in  num-  ""•  "'' 

^''-  keeperf. 

Befides  thefe  men  fervants,  there  are  the  The  em- 
emperor's  wives,  concubines,    and    their  perot'i 
women  fiaves }  whofe  number  is  not  al-  ^'*'** 
ways  alike,    but  depends  on    the  empe- ^°„\7;„^ 
ror  s  wdl  and  denre.    The  prelent  fultan  women 
Mebemet  has  but  two  wives.     His  father  flares.; 
fultan  Ibrahim  had  nine  wives,    txfides  a 
vaft  number  of  concubines  •,    fo  that  the 
women  he  kept  were  reckoned  upwards  of 
ten  thoufandi  but  commonly  fpeaking, 
there  are  but  one  ihoufc'-'l  of  all  forts  of 
women  in  the  feraglio.     Thefe  have  all 
their  particular  houfes  and  habitations  in 
the  inner  palace  yard.     In  the  middle  yard 
there  dwell    cooks,  called  ^fii's,  300  in  Tha^/irsi 
number,  and  people  who  make  all  forts  °'  '^°<^'- 
of  fweetmeats,  and  preferves  of   honey, 
called  Halvaci's,  200  in  number  ;  likcwifc  The  HaJ- 
one  hundred  of  lackies,  called  Sulufli  Bal-  Ef"''- 
taci^s,  who  wait  on  the  women,    and  are  T^^*^"' 
armed  with  great  axes.  „•„ 

In  the  third  or  outermoft  yard,  there 
live  thofe  who   make  and  take  care  of 
matts,  call'd  HaJJirgi's,  120  in  number ;  The //</- 
likewife  the  bakers,  call'd  Ekmekgi's,  SoJlrti'i- 
in  number,  and  the  wood  and  water-car-  ""*'  5*' 
riers,  call'd  Azamoglans,  100  in  number.  xhe^J^ra- 
In  the   very   walls  of  the  orchard,  there  nogltni. 
live  the  people  who  take  care  of  the  houfe 
and  orchard,  called  Boftancilts  Odalari,  of  Bafinii- 
whom  there  are  always  600  in  the  prefent '"  ^'' 
emperor's  feraglio,  as  alfo  the  grooms  of  g^J^„, 
the  llabks,  to  the  number  of  one  thou-  of  the 
fund.  Ilibles. 

All  the  perfons  now  mentioned  are  oblig-  y^n  jj^fj 
ed  night  and  day  to  attend  in  the  empc-  jremife- 
ror's  feraglio,  where  they  are  lodged  and  rably  diet 
dieted,  but    very    mifcrably  •,    they    have  «<*• 
wretched  bread,  and  a  fmall  piece  of  meat 
half  rotten  given  them  once  a  week  ;  now 
and  then  fome  beans,  fruit,  but  feldom  a 
fpoonful  or  two  of  rice  ;    their  drink  is 
water.     All    thefe  attendants   are    taken 
from  among  the  children  of  Chriflians,  or 
z  arc 


to  Cohftantiiiople. 


705 


court 
houfes 
ooms  i 
er  (joo, 
lugli  to 
ly  ihey 
T  talk, 
,    their 
y  figns, 
mch  as 
illowed 
bouc  in 
ft  retell 
}  much 
)e  to  go 
ecelfary 
bs  there 
i  bath- The  Ki- 

'"""•"-b'.h."' 
keepert. 
i  are  the  Th«  <m- 
d    their  perot'i 

not  al-  ^'*" 
.  .^~.   concu- 

It  lultan  woinen 
is  father  flares.; 
be  fides  a 
that  the 
wards  of 
peaking, 

forts  of 
have  all 
ations  in 
idle  yard 
,  300  in  Ti\tA/t!'si 

all  forts '"■'^'«^'- 

honey, 

likewife  The  HaJ- 
lujU  Bal-  ^'f'-  , 

andare^,^^^^^. 

•d,  there 
care  of 
number ;  The  Ha/- 

•kgi'S,    So firgi'i. 

rater-car- '""'":  "' 

number.  The^fz..- 
rd,  there  „^/«,,. 
the  houfe 
ialari,  oi  Safimii- 
le  prefent  'j^^^'- 
rooms  of  GrJ^om, 
)ne  thou-  of  the 
ftables. 

are  oblig- All  there 
he  empe-  ,re  miff- 
dged  and  rably  diet 
ley    havee"*- 
e  of  meat 
ek  }  now 
feldom  a 
-  drink  is 
ire    taken 
flians,  or 
are 


The  pri- 
foncrs  are 
tirii  ulcd 
to  fit. 


idly,  Per- 
fuaded  to 
turn  Mti- 


jdly,  In- 
ltru6>cd  in 
their  Uw, 
reading 
and  writ- 
ing. 


Az.amc- 
f^liins  the 
firrt   l:nrn 
cliildnn 
of    the- 
C'lirilti.ins. 


arc  prifoners  brougnt  out  of  Chriftf"->dom. 
The  prifoners  when  they  come  into  ttn.  "m- 
peror's  fcra^lio  are  trained  up  in  the  man- 
ner following.  Firll,  they  muft  ufe  them- 
felves  to  their  cuftoms,  cfpecially  their  man- 
ner of  fitting,  which  tliey  find  the  hard^ft 
of  all  i  and  many  of  them,  for  want  of 
being  able  to  learn  it,  are  turned  out  of  the 
feraglio  .igain,  and  fent  to  the  gallies.  For 
during  the  firft  month  of  their  ftay  in  the 
fcraglio,  they  are  taught  to  fit  all  the  fore- 
noon upon  their  knees  and  heels  with  their 
Ihins  under  them  at  length,  and  their  toes 
touching  the  ground  ;  in  the  afternoon 
they  change  their  pofture,  fitting  upon 
their  legs  crofsways  like  taylors.  Thofe 
that  cannot  hold  it  out,  which  indeed  is 
the  cafe  of  moft  of  them,  but  from  that 
continual  and  conftrained  fitting  have  their 
thighs  and  legs  fwelkd,  arc  removed  into 
the  holpital,  where  they  are  anointed  and 
taken  care  of  till  they  are  better  •,  then 
they  return  to  their  fitting  as  before,  till 
their  legs  fwell  again  •,  and  this  trial  is  re- 
peated three  times.  If  after  all  they  can- 
not bring  themfelves  to  it,  they  are  fent  to 
row  in  the  gallies,  or  to  fome  other  labour 
out  of  the  fcraglio.  If  it  happens  fo  that 
they  overcome  it  at  laft,  and  are  able  to 
fit,  the  fecond  thing  to  be  done  is,  toper- 
fuade  them  to  the  Ma/Mmetan  faith  and  to 
be  circumcifed.  If  they  Ihew  any  reluc- 
tancy,  they  are  put  into  a  particular  room 
ibr  the  night,  where  they  are  fcourged, 
and  by  all  forts  of  torment  kept  from 
fleeping :  in  the  day  time  ihey  are  brought 
back  to  their  own  room,  where  certain 
perfons  are  appointed  to  perfuade  them  by 
fair  means,  and  all  forts  of  inducements  ; 
which  method  is  continued  till  they  yi^ld, 
and  conform  with  their  religion.  This 
ftep  being  gained  there  remains  a  third, 
which  isj  to  inftruct  them  in  their  law, 
and  in  reading  and  writing  •,  after  which 
they  are  put  among  the  body  of  the  izo- 
glans,  in  tliofe  two  large  houfes,  where  they 
pafs  their  time  in  the  miferable  condition  de- 
Icribed  above,  and  in  time  are  advanced  to 
fome  of  the  forementioned  employments. 

Thofe  from  among  the  azamoglans  who 
are  taken  into  the  fervice  at  the  emperor's 
court,  are  firft  inftrufted.  They  are  tiie 
firft  born  children  of  Chriftians,  which 
tlie  fubjeifts  arc  obliged  to  furnilh  by  way 
of  tribute  ;  for  whofe  education  their  em- 
perors have  appointed  three  large  houfes 
at  Conftaiitinople,  two  at  Peray  and  one  at 
ylilriaHopU;  where  they  are  inftrudted  till 
they  are  come  to  a  proper  age,  when  they 
are  taken  from  thence,  and  during  the  firft 
fix  years  are  called  azamoglans,  waiting  by 
turns  in  the  feraglio,  one  hundred  at  a 
time,  to  carry  wood  and  water,  and  be- 
ing at  other  times  employed  in  the  moft 

Vol.  V. 


abject  fervices,  as  occaflon  offers  within  Rol>mb.- 
the  city  of  Coiijlanthioplf ;  there  is  an  ofK  ^•^VNi' 
cer  fet  over  them,  who  is  called  Stamboi 
aga,  who  alfo  in  the  janizar  agah  abfence 
commands  thofe  jartizaricj  wlio  are  left 
behind.  When  thefe  azamoglans  have  held 
out  their  fix  years,  and  are  inured  to  hard 
work  and  fatigues,  they  are  ranged  among 
the  janizaries,  bujiaiici's  or  izoglans. 

There  are  befides  thefe  other  fervants     •         ' 
alfo  who  belong  to  the  houfhold,  and  wait        ■    ■ 
indeed  every  day  at  court,  but  they  have 
their  turns  i  nor  do  they  live  in  the  fera- 
ojio,  but  in  the  city.    Such  are  the  capuciT^^erapud 
baj/is,  two  hundred  in  number,  whofe  of- *''i'''- 
fice  is  to  wait  at  the  door  of  the  emperor's 
innermoft  chamber,  being  always  four  ac 
one  time,  and  are  often  fent  with  import- 
ant commilTions.     Another   fort  are  the 
mujlafaraka,  two  hundred  in  number  alfo  ;  TI15  w.//- 
who  are  to  follow  the  emperor  and  wiit  on  '•'M''^"' 
him,  and  on  fome  great  folemnity  or  other 
to  carry  the  difhes  to  his  table.    Six  hun- 
dred chiaufes,  with  their  chiaus  pajfa  at  the  TheMaus 
head,  make  up  a  third  fort,  who  are  like-  />#'• 
wife  employed    in  embaflles,    difpatches 
abroad,    and   other  commilTions    of  lefs 
co.ifequence,  and  are  daily  waiting  on  the 
emperor,  the  vizir  ^nd  the  caimakam. 

It  would  be  too  tedious  to  enter  into  an  Of  othei" 
account  of  all  the  employments  in  the  civil  <^^V}  '"'* 
as  well  as  military  eftablifliment,  accord- 'J]j!"j"J 
ing  to  their  feveral  degrees ;  I  Ihall   there- 
fore pafs  that  over,    and  only  in  a  few 
words  give  the  fum  of  the  belief  and  doc-  The  Turk- 
trine  of  the  Turks,  which  chiefly  confifts '/  belief 
in  fix  articles.  '".'^  ^°'=- 

ift.  They  believe  that  there  is  a  God,  I'ofGo''- 
to  whom  none  is  equal ;  to  whom  none 
of  the  epithets  of  Father,  Son  or  Holy 
Ghort  do  belong  ;  who  neither  begot,  nor 
is  begotten  himfelf  i  has  neither  beginning  W 
nor  end  ;  is  the  creator,  proteftor  and 
preferver  of  heaven  and  earth,  and  of  all 
that  has  life.  For  the  reft  they  give  him 
the  attributes  of  being  all-wife,  all-know- 
ing, fo  that  (according  to  their  own  ex- 
prefllon)  he  fees  the  way  of  a  black  ant 
upon  a  black  ftone,  all  prefent,  with  other 
lii;e  attributes  ;  without  whofe  will  and 
pe  -milTion  nothing  happens  whether  good 
or  evil. 

2dly,  They  believe  that  there  are  an- 
gels good  and  evil,  that  the  good  angels  ?«'' 
are  God's  fervants,  and  are  by  God  em- 
ployed in  feveral  fervices  both  in  heaven 
and  upon  earth.  Among  them  Gabriel  is 
the  greateft  and  the  moft  powerful  ■,  Efrail 
receives  the  fouls  of  the  dead,  and  is  cal- 
led the  angel  of  death  i  Ifrafil  fliall  found 
the  trumpet  on  the  approach  of  the  laft 
day,  holding  therefore  the  trumpet  conti- 
nually before  his  mouth,  to  be  ready  when 
God  commands  him  to  found.  They  call 
8R  the 


Of  an- 


1! 


yo6 


A  RelatioH  tf  a  Journey 


p  I 


3  of  four 

holy 
books. 


Tlie  a/, 
tirrni. 


SoLAMi.  th6  evil  itngel  Ihliu  who  for  hii  difobedi- 

^^V>J  ettce  and  pride  w.'$  catt  out  of  heaven, 

and  begot  many  fotis  fince,  which  are  the 

evil  angels,  who  lay  all  forts  of  fnares  for 

mankind. 

gdly,  They  believe  that  there  afe  four 
holy  books  Written  and  fcnt  down  by  Gon, 
viz.  the  books  of  Mofes^  the  gofpel  of 
Christ,  the  pfaims  of  Davids  and  the 
alcoran,  which  are  all  worthy  to  be  credit- 
ed ;  but  that  the  three  firil  are  falfifled, 
and  were  therefore  ibt  aflde  by  the  alco- 
ran,  which  was  fince  fent  down  by  Gort 
i  '  for  a  rule,   and  fhall  endure  till  the   laft 

day  without  pofTibility  of  being  falftfied. 
This  book  is  in  fo  high  feneration  among 
them,  that  none  who  has  not  wafhed  his 
hands  and  his  body  may  read  or  handle 
it,  unlefs  in  cafe  of  neceflTity,  if  it  fliould 
happen  to  fall  down,  or  on  iuch  like  oc- 
cafions,  and  then  they  mnft  Aril  put  a 
doth  about  it  -,  if  one  who  is  reading  in 
it  Ihonld  chance  to  turn  his  back  upon  it, 
he  commits  a  itn  not  to   be  atoned  for. 
Their  ve-  Thofe  who  arc  fkilful  in  writing  neat  co- 
r'"'h° f     P'^^  °^  ^^  (dcoran  (for  printing  isr  not  fuf- 
who  c»n    ^^^^  among  them)  are  called  hiUl,  and 
copy  it  or  '^^  ^cry  much  refpedted  ;  others  who  cart 
fiy   it  by  fay  it  by  heart,  are  called  huffa,  and  are 
hcwr.        worihipped  like  faints  ;  they  ufe  to  copy 
certain  paflages  and  fentences  out  of  it, 
and  wear  them  about  their  necks  to  charm 
awsy  all  dangers  of  the  body  as  well  as 
the  foul. 
4.  or  pro-      4thly,  They  believe  that  God  fent  pro- 
( htts  and  phets  and  evangelifts  to  preach  and  teach 
riih"^*      the  truth,  of  whom  Adam  was  the  firrt, 
and  Mahtnut  the  laft  ;  to  which  fatter  the 
law  contained  iii  tlic  tdtoran  was  given  ro 
publiih,  and  chat  Goo  gives  to  the  people 
who  follow  it,  the  preference  above  all 
other  nations  in  the  world.    Thb  is  the 
I  iie  Turii  caufc  of  the  great  conceit  the  Turks  have 
of  thcrafelvesj    fo  that  there  is  none  of 
them,  how  mean  focver  his  circumftances 
be,  who  does  noc  value  himfelf  fo  much 
above  any  kinganrong  the  Chriftianss  that 
he  fliDuld  reckon  it  an  injury  only  for  to 
be  compared  ro  him* 

/;thly,  They  believe  a  laft  judgment  and 
a  rcfurreftion,  bnt  are  of  opinion  that  the 
J"f  foul  is  buried  with  the  body  ;  but  that 
'  the  (buls  of  the  bibflfed  have  a  Httle  win- 
dow througii  which  they  can  fee  all  that 
paflts  in  heaven.  I'hey  farther  believe 
that  diere  is  an  anticbrift  Whom  they  call 
dtggiati;  alio  that  Christ  (hadl  dfcfcend' 
troin  heaven  and  deftroy  him  v  that  a  di- 
rcctcr  general  fhaii  be  bom  of  Mahomtt'i 
defccnt,  who  (lull  agree  with  Christ  and 
give  him  his  daughter  for  a  Wifc;  atVer 
OftheenJ  which  heaven  and  earth  fhall  be  no  more; 
"^  '1'=       that  Goo  Ural!  lay.  a  bridge  ovcf  the  hell^ 


conceited 
o:  ilicni- 
1  elves. 


V  O:  the 
1.  '1  judg- 
nijiit  , 
rcfurredt' 
on    of 
luuli. 

OrtlieflC. 

ticbrtj}. 


world. 
Of  liell. 


finallcr  than'  at  hair  aind  (harper   tlian  a 
2 


fword,  over  which  all  men  flial!  try  rn 
pifil  the  blefled  only  ftinll  get  over  1  , 
bnt  the  wicked  (hall  fill  from  it  into  hell. 
Of  the  heavenly  joy<  tlicy  imngine,  thnt 
they  are  to  confitl:  merely  In  fenlim)  plta- 
futes,  mag^niflcent  habitations,  plcttty  of 
perfumes,  jewels,  eating  and  drinkin^j,  bui 
chiefly  and  above  all  the  polTellion  ol  beau- 
tiful women. 

6th!y,  They  believe  a  prcdcftination, 
and  that  every  thing  both  good  ahil  evil 
happens  by  an  inevitable  decree  and  deter- 
mination <i\  God. 

Thefe  are  the  fix  articles  of  their  be- 
lief, for  confirmation  of  which  they  nrt 
enjoined  the  praftice  of  the  followihg  du- 
ties. 1 .  Of  the  confeflloh  Itfelf  to  be  made 
when  atked  :  I  believe  that  there  is  a  Goo  1 
that  there  are  angels,  books,  prophets,  a 
laftjudgfflfnt,  and  a  decree  of  Oor)  con- 
cerning all  that  happen*  both  good  and 
evil.  2dly,  Of  prayers:  thofe  are  of  two 
forts:  farza,  as  comrnatided  by  Ooii 
himfclf  in  the  olcmatu  ^nd  funna,  as  or- 
dered by  their  Mabomet.  Five  times  i, 
day  they  are  called  to  prayers  from  their 
church  fteepks,  which  is  with  them  in- 
ftead  of  ringing  of  bclb.  Before  tHey  go 
to  prayers  they  are  enjoined  to  Wafh  tlieir 
hands,  face  ana  arms  up  to  the  elbow,  their 
feet,  their  rterk  and  nape,  as  alfo  their 
armpits  j  whldi  waflikig  Is  with  them 
what  bapeiffti  is  With  us.  But  tltei^  cir- 
cumcifioft  is  performetJ  with  pafticolar  ce- 
remonies of  their  own,  which  it  would  be 
too  long  to  relate  here.  When  they  h'^ 
their  prayers,  they  rar»ge  themfclves  as  if 
they  were  to  be  mufter^,  and  one  who  ii 
the  mofl!  teamed  among  tiwrn,  being  pla- 
ced in  the  frowt,  the  reft  fay  after  him,  all 
turning  thenjfelves  to  that  fide,  which 
k)ok$  towards  Mcua.  jdly.  Of  alms  or 
charity:  to  whkh  they  are  fo  difpofcd, 
that  no  beggar  is  to  be  feen  aimong  th.-m  v 
they  evert  keep  birds,  dogs  and  cats  oao 
of  charity  1  and  there  are  certain  publick 
places  at  Cait^Mt'tnoplt  where  thole  crea- 
tures are  l^d  by  thoufands.  It  is  a  diver- 
lion  to  fee  their  keeper  go  with  them  to  a 
certain  place,  looking  like  an  exchange, 
where  their  alms  are  gathered'  for  thtm, 
for  not  one  dog  goes  iti  with  him,  but 
chey  (landi  by  hundretis^  at  the  door,  wait- 
ing for  his  return,  and  when  he  comes  out 
they  rejoice  and  (bliow  him  like  fo  many 
atwndiints.  'I'hey  alfo  feed  many  thou- 
faTid  of  birds  of  prey,  fo  that  the  air  of 
€onfiantinopte  is  as  full  of  them,  as  it  is  in 
Other  places  of  flies  ;  every  morning  they 
throw  Ihiall  bits  of  flefii  out  of  the  Win- 
dows for  thofe  birds,  which  fnatch  them 
up  in  the  air  with  fuch  dexterity,  that  it  is 
much  if  a  piece  touches  the  ground.  What 
is  moft  commendable  is,  that  the  grandees, 

for 


0<"  hfi- 

\LII. 


C  Of  pre- 

dclllluti- 
011. 

Prjaicil 
duiies  ill 
ronfe' 
quciice  of 
this  belief. 

1 .  Confcf- 
fun,  or 
their 
creed. 

2.  Pravers, 


WjIIii  1  ■ 


Circum- 
cilion. 


3.  Alnij. 

No  L  :g. 
gats   .1- 
iiiuni;  tliQ 
Twit: 
Birds, 
doi^s  jnd 
Clti  fed 
out  of 
cli.irity. 


Litcnifr 
birdi  ot 
prey , 


rer  r  , 
.  hell. 
,  tlmt  O'"  !■.;«- . 

pita-  vtii. 
>ty  of 
[t,  liui 

brau- 

iitioti,  c  or  pte- 

ll   evil  ilclliniti- 

iletcr-  "»■ 

•ir  bt-  Prjair.ll 

ev  nffc ''"''" '" 

b  J  quciice  of 
5lTlide  this  belief. 
Got*  J   i.Confef- 

fieta,  a  '\'^".'  o"^ 
.  „_„    their 

'^,'^0"-,  creed, 
od  rtnd 

of  tWd  2.  Privers. 

Oob 
as  or- 

imes  i 
Ti  theif 
lelli  in- 
tliey  go 

(h  elicit  WjUhi:. 
w,  their 
fd  their 
1    thtm 
lei^  cir- 
;Otar  ce-  Circuin- 
rauld  be  cifwn. 
chey  foy 
ves  as  if 
who  ii 

ng  ph- 
lim,  all 
which 

dms  of  j.Alnij; 

■  pofctt, 
tll.'ITl  V  No  I  -.g- 

cats  ono  gJrs  a- 

pubiick  "'""^  '''" 

diver-  d„i,s  and 
cm  to  a  cat  J  led 
:change,  ""t  ."^ 
•    thc^,  ^''•^"'>'' 
im,  buc 
wait- 
mes  out 
b  many 
thou- 

air  of  Ljtcuiic 
it  i^  in  birJs  ot 
ng  theyrfcy- 
he  \Vin- 
thcrri 
:hac  it  is 
What 
randees, 
for 


id  CdhfliailHiidtSk. 


^07 


Tnm  for 
travellers 
and  the 
poor. 


^  pifts 


t;.  Pilgri- 
mages 
Mttca 


na  i 
to  Baij- 
/on  i 
10  Jtrii 
faltm. 


;h 


fol'  iriftlnce  ^vizirs,  and  the  lijic   perfons, 
«?ith  the  View  alfo  of  eftablifhing  a  fame 
for  thcmfelves,   lay    out  great    films  in 
building  for  the  cbhVcriiency  and  relief  of 
traveller*,    fUmptuous  bridges.    fduHtiins 
dnd  ihMAes  dr  miblick  inns,  Wnerfe  pafleri- 
gers  are  lodged,  and  fcvcn  foiiietiiTles  de- 
frayed hs  tti  citing  and  drinkingi  particu- 
larly the  jDoorer  foi-t,  and  that  by  hun- 
dreds ;  for  the  fupport  bf  Which  founda- 
tidns  they  fettle  fiinds  of  rri:iny  thdulands  of 
dollars  incdtbe.     4thly,  Offafts:  thofedrc 
called  ramtidan,  and  Irlft  a  Whole  mon(h, 
during  which  thfcy  do  riot  tafte  cithtr  Wet 
or  dry  frOrti  furi-rife  till  f\ln-fet,  but  then 
again  they  cat  all  fllghf  Ifartg.     5tMy,  Of 
to  pilgrimages:  that  ttf  Mttei  ti\\ii\.  be  per- 
formed by  every  dHe   <*ho  is    come  to 
years  of  difcretion,  and  has  the  uft  of  his 
reafon,  either   in   his   o^rl  ptrfon,  dr  by 
fending  i  deputy  in  his  ftead.     They  tin- 
dcrtake  ihdfe  pilgrirfiages  to  Mtcca,  whcrfe 
to  Midi-  Mahomti  was  born ;  io  Medina,  where  life 
was  buried  5  to  Babylon,  where  dre  the  tombs 
of  Imatft  A/imiheiT  chief  evangelift,  and  of 
jlli  their  general ;  and  laftly  to  Jertifalein, 
whtire  they  have  built  a  temple  over  the 
place,   on'  which  they  fay  CrtRtsf's  feet 
md  ftood  when  he  was  teaching  rhe  peo- 
ple, in  which  they  pay  veneration  to  him. 
They  have  abundance  of  othtr  abfardities 
in  their  religion,   the  relation   of  which 
would  be  tott  tedrouy. 

As  for  What  concerns  the  affairs  of 
Turh-j  with  refpeft  to  its  neighbouring 
kingdoms  and  flates,  ydnr  fnUjerty  is  al- 
ready fufnciently  appritedf  in  what  relation 
that  monarchy  ftahdi  With  the  fe^'eral  pbvv- 
ers  of  ChrilVendom  ;  -.xnAt^iit  Fratic.',  Eng- 
land and  Holland  are  in  friendfhip  with 
(hciVi,  on  account  of  the  trade  they  carry 
on  in  the  L&varil  i  foi'  Which  realbn  they* 
have  tiicir  miniffers  at  CvhfiantinopU,  as 
.ilfo  Icveral  cbnfuis  at  GriMd  Cairo,  Aleppd, 
Smyrna,  and  matty  other  places  in  J/ia 
and  Africa.  However,  Eriglttiid  ehjbys  its 
trade  rhither  oh  rmich  more  atlyanta^eoils 
rtipulatioiis  with  ch4  Ottohian  Pork,  than 
any  other  of  the  forefaid  natibns  j  dnd  the 
Dutch  are  of  late  but  upon  ihdifferent  term's 
with  theniy  fince  many  of  their  fh^ps  Wfere 
hift  fummer  found  out  aYiiohg  the  Venetian 
lleet.  The  confidence  with'  the  eniperor 
,l,j  of  Germany  and  the  houfd  of  Aijfria  has 
hitherto  not  beA  very  greal  ;  hovrev'er, 
phicc  was  niairitalned  dliringthe  late  rdgns, 
on  account  of  the  incapacity  of  th^  leveral 
liilwns.  Who  filled  the  Ottoman  throne  ohe 
after  another.  But  no\V  it  feems  the  houfe 
of  A'iftrix  ii  in  better  corrcfpondencc  and 
greater  credit  \Vith  the  'Ttirhft)  court  than 
ever  beftird  •,  for  the  prefcnt  vizir  carefTes 
the  eiii\>eror  and  his  Ion  the  king  of  Flu n- 
ga>)',  making  IhfeW  of  embracing- their  in- 


terefts  i  though  this  condufl  proceeds  ra-/*ot.AMii. 
ther  from  his  own  politic.d  views  of  ob-  '■^^''^ 
taining  leave  for  the  Turkijh  army  to  pafs 
thrbUgh  Ddlinalia.      The  king  of   Spain  With  th« 
has  no  communication  with  this  court,  by  '''"8  "^ 
feafon  of  his  minifters  not  being  treated  in  ^^'''"' 
poiht  of  the  ceremonial  agreeably  to  the 
Spdnijh   gtandcur,   which  is  riot  fatisfieJ 
Ith  t|ie  ufuul  honours  paid  to  the  mini 
erS  bf  othet-  ciiriftian  powers.     The  pope 
dVoids  dll  cdrrimercc  with  a  ueonle  whom  P"P' 


Til* 

rehtion 
A\A  irttc- 
reft  with 
the  pow- 
ers   ol 
C.'hrillen- 
<loni. 
With 
Fr.mte, 
Ef^l'ni  I 
jtiJ  the 


With 

rnipcror 
i\-A  the 
iiuule  of 
.hjlria. 


fterS  bf  dtiiet-  ciiriftian  powers.     The  pope  ^'''''  'li* 
dVoids  dll  cdrrimercc  with  a  people  whom  P"^'" 
he  treats  as  the  cnetriics  of  Chriftehdom, 
to  kceb  (rttercburfe  with  whoni  would  pro- 
fdne  Ills  hbllhcfs^  yet  he  has  three  convents 
at  Gdhi'ta,  bhe of  'Jefuils  ana  two  of  Capti- 
thlns,  Whofe  relation  with  the  F'eneiians  is 
fttoffe  thdh  jp'iiblick.     Pfldhd  had  formerly  With  Pj- 
little  ci-fedit  hercv.  nut  that  kingdom  being  ''''"^^ 
M^  f^dilC'.d  to  fuch  a  condition  as  not  to 
give  thfcm  ah'y  ap^'rchenfion,  they  flievv  more 
readrd  for  it  i  ahd  having  been   Ii^fpired 
With  fufpkioiis  againft  your  maiefty's  pro- 
^reffes  ahd  fjower  in  Poldhdi  they  encou- 
rage the  Polahderf  to  rii^ke  fefiftance.    Be- 
fides  this,  the  cbahi,  of  the  Tartars  being  With  th# 
gained  over  with  PollJ^  money,  and  the^'"''''"- 
profpefl  6f  the  iifual  plunder  he  g;ets  every 
year  in  Polai}di    fills  the  Ottoman  Porte 
with  favourable   imprefTiohs  in  behalf  of 
Poland i    fq' tlrtt  at  lead  in  outward  ap- 
pearances Poland  is  how  more  favoured 
than  ever  it  i\^as  before.    The  old  jcaloufy 
between    the  A^iifcdviie  and  the  Ottoman  WlMfj/- 
Porti  not  Only  continues,  but  even  daily  '•■)• 
inCreafeS  dgainfl   him,  oh  account  of  the 
piracies  committed  b^che  DonCoJJacks  on 
the  6lack-Sc\t,  as  alfo  of  the  miflrurt:  the 
OttoiHin  Poite  have  of  their  own  fubjcfls 
of  t\\e   Greek  religion,    that   they  are   fc- 
cr^tly  proihOting  the   interefl  of  Mttfcovy, 
This   was  the  caule  of  the  death  of  the 
pdti'iarch  of  Conjlantinofle  who  was  hanged 
lalt  ydar,  artd  the  patriarch  of  Jerujaletn'i 
being   cat   into  prifoii  for   fonie   weeks. 
The    Zaporovidh    Cojfdcks  hj  under   the  with  the 
f!iri'ie  fufpicibn  at  the  Porte,  who  do  not  Ccjjiki. 
much  rely  on   their  pretended  devotion, 
by  reafoli  of  the  good  underftanding  they 
keep  with  the  Rtiffuins,   and  that  they  al- 
ways  wei'e    found    ir>  company  with  the 
Don-Cojfacks  on  the  Black-Sea,  particularly 
Lift  fummer  in  July,  when  they  togethet 
did  great  dathagi:  to  the  Tf(rks  near  Pan- 
gala,  a  town  in  Bulgaria,  by  plundering  the 
"paja  of  Silijlriah  camp,  and  letting  fire  to 
the  town  itfclf. 

Towards  the  eaft  the  Ottoman  Porte  has  j^  (],g 
a  great  and  powerful  rival,    which    is  the  E.iil  with 
king  of  Perfa  ;  but  fince  the  Turks  have  the  king 
recovered   Balylon  out  of '■.is  hands,  and  "*^'''■/"'• 
he  the  year  after  had  lent  a  magnificent 
embaffy  to  compliment    their  emperor,  a 
good  unde'rftanding  is  now  reftored  between 
the    two   courf;.     In  return   the  Ottoman 

Porte 


y 

I 

ill 


ill'. 

,i|l! 


7o8 


A  Relation  of  a  Journey 


1 


In  //;.// .1 
widi  ilic 
Cireat 
Mugul. 


Ptrjia. 


enibjlli. 


RoLAMB.   Porte  has  ftnt  Kiofe   Ifmael  pajha  on  an 

'^'VX/  eiiibany  to  Peyfii,  both  to  conHrm  tlic  a- 

grcemciit  lately  iii.iile,  am!  to  accommodate 

the  differences  between  the  Pcrfian  and  tlie 

Indian  courts. 

There  was  alio  at  my  time  at  the  Olio- 
man  Porte  an  embalTiulor  from  tlie  GVvj/ 
Alogttl,   whofc  commifTion  was,  both  to 
renew  the  former  friemllTiii),  and  to  engage 
the  Turkijh  emperor  to  tall  upon  Perfia  in 
canjunftion  with  him,  and  to  divide  the 
Rejfon  ofconquefts  between  tlicmfelvcs.     Tliis  ani- 
thc  /';.//■    mofity  againll  Pcrjia,  among  other  rea- 
""'.'"""^  fons,  proceeded  from  the  king  of  Perjia's 
n!.!.'"'}      having  l.itciy  taken  the  city  and  province 
of  Kamlihar  from  the  Alogul,    with   tiic 
flaughtcr  of  great  numbers  of  his  forces. 
The  fiid   InMan  embaffador  was  received 

and  treated  with  the  utmoi'l  magnificenc, 

^"'^^'^'Ijjand  all  the  wz/'n  and /rt//;/!  had  orders  to 
his  dif  entertain  him  with  all  polTible  marks  of 
pji'li.  honour.  But  in  anfwcr  to  his  commilTion 
he  was  tolil,  tliaC  the  Porte  was  engaged 
ngainft  the  Chrillians,  and  that  any  hollile 
enterprife  againft  Per/ia  would  be  an  open 
violation  of  tiic  treaties  lately  concluded 
with  them ;  that  however  the  Porte,  in 
teftimony  of  its  fricndfliip,  would  endea- 
vour to  mediate  an  amicable  compofition 
of  the  differences  depending  between  them 
The  true  and  the  Perfi.ins.  But  the  true  reafon  was 
rcjion  of  the  muftt's  dilTuading  the  Turki/h  court 
from  ruining  the  king  of  Perfia,  and  ra- 
ther advifing  to  affill  him,  he  being  a 
king,  with  whom  thcOttoman  Porte  would 
always  be  pble  to  cope  ;  :>  i  his  domini- 
ons by  their  fuuation  ferving  the  Turkijh 
empire  fo"  a  barrier  againft  the  Mogul  and 
Crrat  Tartary  ;  whcrv.as,  Hiould  the  king 
of  Pirjiii  be  ruined,  thofe  two  powers 
would  become  neighbours  to  the  Ottoman 
Pcrte  ;  and  being  both  of  the  fame  reli- 
gion, and  befides  of  a  more  ancient  def- 
cenc  than  the  Turki,  might  pofllbly  lay 
claim  to  the  protection  of  Mecca,  of  which 
the  Ottoman  Porte  is  at  prefenc  in  quiet 
poffeffion.  Accordingly  the  Indian  cm- 
baffidor  was  difpatciied  with  the  above- 
faid  anfwer,  and  accompanied  back  by 
Hidfein  Manoli,  wiiom  the  Porte  fent  their 
embaffador  to  the  Mogul. 

The  thirtl  power  cl'  the  eaft,  for  wliom 
the  Ottiiaan  Porte  has  great  refpcl,  is 
Huiheck  or  the  king  of  Zagathai,  the  mod 
powerful  in  Great  Tartary,  who  receives 
great  marks  of  love  and  veneration  from 
the  TurkiJIj  emperor,  becaufe  they  both 
arc  of  the  (lime  religion,  and  defccnded  of 
Mahomet  himfelf ;  but  the  kings  of  lluf- 
ieck  being  of  the  elder  branch,  value  them- 
fehrs  fo  high,  that  ihry  do  not  deign  the 
Turks  to  have  any  communication  with 
them,  and  look  with  envy  on  the  protec- 
tion   the    Ottoman   Porte   cxcrcifes    over 


tills  an 
l«er- 


The  king 
of  7,i>^.i- 
ihji    ilie 
moll  poW' 
eriui   in 
(Jre.il  Tar- 
tury. 


Mecca,  a.i  belonging  to  them  for  the  UW 
reafon.  However,  as  their  dominions  do 
not  border  immediately  on  any  part  of 
tiic  Turkijh  empire,  but  are  fituate  between 
Perjia,  the  Great  Mogul's  dominions,  and 
thofe  of  Rujfia,  and  have  on  a  fourth  fide  • 

the  Cafi>ian  Sea,  they  have  no  opportunity 
of  doing  the  Tutki  any  harm,  but  are 
obliged  to  leave  them  in  the  quiet  enjoy- 
ment of  that  protedion. 

A  fourth  fovercign  in  the  eaft,  or  rather  The  ling 
to  the  fouth,  whom  the  Ottoman  Porte  mull  "'  Jlhi'iy 
have  an  eye  upon,  is  the  king  ot  Jvsfftnia,  "'"'• 
called  by  them  PaJejha  "Jahejh,  ot  whom 
being  a  Chriftian  as  well  as  his  fubjedts, 
the  Ottoman  Per/i;  entertains  a  perpetual 
jealoufy.  Sultan  Amurat  took  f  .  j  pro- 
vince froin  him,  one  of  which,  called 
Jemenia,  the  king  of  yjbyjjinia  has  fmcc 
recovered,  but  the  other  is  Itill  in  the  pof- 
feffion of  r'  .  Turks,  who  lend  thither  every 
year  a  paJJ'a  from  Grand  Cairo.  Tliis 
Neighbourhood  is  indeed  very  difagree- 
able  to  tlie  Turks,  but  hitherto  they  have 
not  ventured  yet  to  break  with  him ,  for 
as  it  is  a  very  remote  expttlition,  where 
the  climate  does  not  at  all  fuit  with  their 
Jjiatick  and  European  tbrces,  they  feldorn 
before  had  any  great  fuccets  to  boaft  of 
againft  the  laid  AbyJJinian  empire. 

This  is  in  a  few  words  the  ftate  and 
fituation  of  the  Turkijh  empire  with  rela- 
tion to  its  neighbours  in  the  eaft. 

Thus  much  may  fuffice  for  an  account  The  fe- 
of  the  prefent  ftate  of  Turky,  and  its  re  quel  of  the 
lation    to    t^^c  neighbouring    powers ;    I  n«Ko'i"i- 
think  it  my  dqty  next  to  rcfumc  my  re-  "fj,"„,^' 
port  of  the  negotiation   I  was   entrufted  p^rit! 
with  at  that  court. 

Since  your  majefty's  commiffion   had  s.irmif«j 

been  fo  far  negotiated  with  the  emperor  of  the 

and  great  vizir,    as  is  mentioned  above, '^'"^.'""■ 

and  that  the  anfwer  intended  to  be  civen  "'"l"8  , 
I  •  L  fr        .    "  1     1  the  king  s 

to  me,    together  with   my  difpateh,    had  ,fi/,r3. 

been  dcterr'd,  the  great  vizir  let  out  the 
28'''  ot  May  from  Conjlaiitinople  for  Daut 
PaJJi,  a  place  half  a  quarter  of  a  league 
from  the  city,  to  join  the  army  there, 
with  which  he  proceeded  on  the  fourth  of 
June  to  the  Dardanels,  leaving  my  negoti- 
ation in  the  hands  of  the  caimakam,  Frcnk 
Ahmet pajfa,  a  rcafonable  man,  by  nation 
an  Italian,  and  entirely  for  our  intereft. 
But  the  vizir  was  hartjly  gone,  when  it 
began  to  be  whifpered  among  the  Turkijh 
minifters,  that  your  majefty's  affairs  could 
not  be  in  fo  good  a  condition  as  they  had 
been  reprelcnted ;  but  that  fome  extraor- 
dinary diltrefs  muft  have  forced  him  to 
court  the  Ottoman  Porte's  friendlhip  with 
fuch  eageriiefs ;  and  that  all  I  had  told 
them  was  only  with  a  view  to  miflead  them, 
and  tu  gain  time ;  at  length  their  own 

ticklcncfs, 


Re[ 

Ijtii 
mii 
th.il 
jt-rt 
(he 
fon 
feet 
enit 


Th( 
tiiri 
ttru 
by  I 
Pch 
voy 


21 

Aui 
of  I 

tain. 


to  Conftantinople.  ,•; 


S 


709 


1  account  The  fe- 

id  its  re  qudofthe 

wcrss    in'BO''*"- 
1  on  »t  the 

entruded  p^rtt. 


Fion   had  Surmiftj 
emperor  ot  the 
;d  above,  Turh^ion- 


the  <a'td 

iiions  do 

part  ot 

between 

UDS,  and 

urth  fide 

)ortunity 
but   are 

ct  enjoy- 

or  r.uher  The  king 

arte  mull  "'  ylhi'i^ 

al  whom 

Reprefcn 
Mtioiii 

fubjedts, 
perpetual 

miJe  on 
thjt  fub- 
jcrt,  wii 

J  pro- 
li,  called 
has  fincc 
the  pof- 

ihc  rei- 
fons  of  a 
Iccond 
smbiHy, 

lier  every 
■>.     This 

difagree- 
liey  have 
him,  for 

n,  where 

k^ith  their 

y  leldom 

boaft  of 

(late  and                        ^ 

with  rela-                        I 

ticklcr.cfs,  as  well  ai  the  odious  infinu.i- 
tions  ot  otii'is,  made  them  bre.ik  out  in- 
to iinguanledcxjirenions  againfl  your  ma- 
jelly  and  your  alliance  wirh  Ragolzky,  and 


^'^  6'yen  ,,„  k> 


tch,    had  jfi/irs. 

out  the 
for  Daut 
a  lenguc 
y  there, 
fourth  of 
y  ne<!;oti- 
m,  Frcnk 
by  nation 

intereft. 

when  ic 
le  Turkijh 
lirs  could 
they  had 

extraor- 
J  him  to 
Ihip  with 

had  told 

ad  them, 
heir  own 

cklcncfs, 


ng'» 


Thcjf- 
Ijirs  ob- 
nrufted 
by  the 
Polijh  en- 
voy. 


21  July 
Audience 
of  the 

(aimakiim. 


to  lay  piibiickly,  they  ought  to  retrr.ft 
their  lirll  rrfolition,  and  let  the  whole  af- 
fair lie  dormant,  till  they  had  heard  what 
the  other  envoy  had  to  iiropofe,  who  was 
cxpedlcd  from  your  mijefiy,  and  tl.en  to 
holil  another  council  concerning  it,  but 
that  in  the  mean  time  the  Tartan  Ihould 
be  ordered  to  advance  into  Poland,  or 
Traiifylvania. 

On  tiie  other  hand,  I  was  not  wanting 
to  reprelent  to    them    both   myfelf  in  an 
audience  I   had   of  the  caimakam,  antl  by 
ill  the  means  of  the  Englijlj  embafllKlor,  what 
was  the  true  reafon  of  two  minillers  being 
fcnt,  wiiicli  Hep  ought  to  convince  them 
the  more  of  your    niajelly's   fincere  and 
Eood  intentions  towards  them.     Mr.  IVel- 
Ting  being  alfo  arrived  on  tiie  ninth  of  7««c, 
1  delivered  a   memorial  in  writing,    con- 
cerning the  whole  negotiation,  which  had 
fo  much  etl'edl,  that  they  grew  eafy  again, 
and  laid  afide  their  former  iliffidence  and 
prejudices.     And  whereas  both  the  empe- 
ror  ami  the  vizir,    as  well  as  the  oiher 
Ttirkijh  minillers,    were  already    fully  in- 
formed   of    your    majclly's  defire  i    and 
that  the  objcdions  they  had  made  of  them- 
felves,  were  removed,  by  clearing  vip  all 
doubts,  and  giving  them  all  polTible  light 
and  f.itisfaciion,  but  efpecially  whereas  the 
ni.iin    point   was  already  obtained   on  the 
good  terms  granted  by  former  refolutions, 
(unlefs  they  fliould  now  alter  thofe  refolu- 
tions again,  as  was  then  intended)  there 
remained   only  for  me   to   prefs  our  dit- 
patch,  which  accordingly  I  did  with  great 
application,  and  infilled  upon  it  with  the 
caimakam  feveral  times,    both  in  writing, 
and  by  word   of  mouth  •,    but  he  wanted 
authority   to  difpatch  us  of  his  own  ac- 
cord •,  and  the  orders  he  exjieifled  from  the 
vizir  were  retarded  by  the  occupations  he 
had  at  the  Dardanels.    For  he  was  not  only 
very   hard  prelTcd  by  the   ycnetians,  but 
alfo  had   mutinies  every   day  among  the 
troops  under  his  command,  tlie  fupprelfing 
of  which  employed  almoft  all  his  thoughts. 
And  lb  our  difpatch  was  dcferr'd  from  one 
week  to  another,  notwithllanding  all  our 
folicitations  •,  and  at   laft  one  contrary  in- 
cident came  upon  the  neck  of  the  other. 
Firll,  there   arrived  a  Polifl)  envoy,  who 
being  afiilled  by  the  Roman  catholick  mi- 
nillers, very  much  obltrudled  our  affairs  -, 
yet  we  defeated  his  intrigues  after   much 
labour,  and  brought  it  at  lail  fo  far,  that 
orders  came  from  the  vi-zir  to  difpatch  us, 
with  which   the   caimakum  acquainted    us 
himfelf  in  the  audience  we  had  on  the  2  ill 
of  Jul'j.    Our  converfation  on  tiiat  occa- 

VOL.   V. 


Hon  was  as  follows.     Firft,  I  took  notice  Roi.am». 
of  our  being  fo  long  iletained  j  to  which  V^'W/ 
lie  anfwercii  with  making  feveral  excufcs, 
particularly   with  laying  the  fault  on  the 
multiplicity  of  bufinefs  occafioned  by  the 
prefent  war,  but  that  now  he  had  lent  for 
us,  to  aciiuaint  us  with  the  good  news,  that 
we  fhould  be  forthwith  tlilpatched  with  a 
gooil  and  agreeable  relblution.     I  anfwcr- 
iil,   that  we  were  indeed  glad  to  hear  we 
were  at  lad  to  be  liifmiired  with  a  favour- 
able refolution,    and  that  foon  ;  but  fincc 
we  had  been    put   in  hones  of  it  fo  often, 
we  fliould  be  fiiil  more  glad,  wiien  vve  faw 
the  ell'cft  itielf     As  to  their  war,  it  was 
true,  that  did  furnifh  them  with  occupa- 
tions of  the  highell  confequence  ;  however, 
they  ought  to  conlider,  that  our  commif- 
fion    was  of    no  lels   importance,  and  of 
fuch  a  nature,    as  rather  to  lefien  than  to 
increafe  their  other  cares,     I'or  it  could 
not  but  ilartle  and  dili-ourage  their  ene- 
mies,   to  hear  that  tiiey    had    elfabiilhed 
friendOiip  with  IbpoweituI  a  king  as  the 
king  of  Sivctkii  1  and, I  concluded  with  pref- 
fing  liim  to  let  us  ibon  fee  tiie  eliecf.^  of 
his  promifes.     Secondly,  I  told  him,  that 
indeed  we  had  been  always  uled  by  the  vi- 
zir, as  well  as  by  himfelf,  witli  much  ci- 
vility, and  received  many  good  promifes, 
but  that  now  wc  were  furprized  to  fee  their 
outward  behaviour  contradifted  by  tiie  ef- 
feft  itfelf,  being  informed,  that  the  chain  of 
Clint  Tartary  was  marched  into  Polanrl, 
which  did  not  look  like  a  fign  of  the  Ot- 
Um  in  Porte's  friendfhip  towards  your  ma- 
jtfly  i  and  as  we  were  not  able  to  recon- 
cile this  tlep  with  their  promifes,  we  de- 
fired  he  himfelf  would  explain,  how  it  was 
to  be  undertlood?  He  anfwercd,  ihc  chain 
was  not  gone  to  Po.'.iiiJ  to  afilft  the  Po-  Tiierea- 
himkrs,  but  only  to  the  frontiers,  to  watch  '^°"  °' '''' 
the  motions  in  Poland,  fell  the  emperor's  '^l'^^\^\n„ 
provinces  might  be  expoled  to  fomedan-  intofj-' 
ger  •,  for  fince  there  was  a  war  in  Poland,  t,in!. 
the  Tartars  certainly  could  not  but  iiave 
an  eye  upon  it.     I  anfwered,  what  bufinefs 
had  tiie  Tartars  with  Poland  ?  that  I  never 
heard  yet  the  kingtlom  of  Potnnd  had  put 
itfelf  under  the  chain's  jirotedion,  neither 
had  he  any  juriUiclion  in  PoLmd,  which 
obliged  him  r    obfervc  our  motions  there  •, 
and  as  for  the  guarding  the  Turkijh  provin- 
ces, there  was  no  occafion,  rhey  being  not 
infefled  by   any    body  ;    bclides,    that   it 
was  injurious  to   miflruft   your  majcfly's 
fincerity,   and    good   intentions.     lie  an- 
fwered, they  indeed  confided  in  your  ma- 
jelly,    but  did   not   know  how   far   they 
might  trufl    the    prince  of    Traiifylvania,  t),j 
who  h.ail  fo  enornioufiy  fwerved  from  his  prince  of 
duty,    as  to  marcli  into  Poland,  without  'tr<>uj)lvi:- 
taking  any   notice  of  it  to  the  emperor.  ""'"'"'"• 
I  anfwered,  your  majefty  and  the  prince 
S  S  '  had 


7IO 


A  Relation  of  a  Juurttej 


:     . 


,*>■'■ 

■h; 


nil  ni.ijc 
ll)'»  em 

lIlC  i/'rfCT, 


RniAMu.  hul  one  ,iml  the  fiime  intention,  which  w,i» 
•^'y^J  r.ithii  tor  the  Ottoman  Porte'%  advantage 
than  jirtjuilicc.  An^l  if  the  prince  liad  of- 
fcmlcil  in  iioint  o\  tormality,  the  Porte 
might  cafily  overlook  tliat  flip,  in  conli- 
(Icratiun  that  the  main  ikTiun  was  good. 
I  thcrciii'on  ilefircJ  tlie  Turiijh  einjKror's 
onlers  ro  the  cham,  to  keep  hinii'tlt  with- 
in his  boundaries,  i  Ic  anlwr red,  it  (hoiilcl 
lie  done,  and  .m  exprel's  Cent  to  him  iinmc- 
iliatily.  lie  then  alked,  whether  your 
m.ijelly  hail  lent  an  enibartidor  to  the 
cb.im,  and  to  what  jiul  ?  I  anlwcreil, 
there  had  been  one  lent  in  order  to  make 
triendlhip  witli  the  cham,  and  to  convince 
him  of  the  julliee  of  your  majifty's  arms 
in  I'olaiiil.  lie  laid,  that  was  well  done; 
lUit  I  replied,  the  i/.iam  had  neither  well 
reieiveii,  nor  dilmiircd  your  majelly's  cm- 
bally,  lie  tlun  refumeil  his  excufes  lor 
our  being  I'o  long  detained,  faying,  tiiat 
as  I'cKjn  as  they  had  received  an  aniwer 
from  the  cbam,  wc  fhouid  be  ilifpatchcd. 
I  ani'wereil,  we  little  thought  the  Ottoman 
Poili:  wanted  the  Jj.ii/i'^  ronfent  tor  what 
they  intended  to  ilo,  we  were  lent  to  the 
head,  wliitli  was  the  emperor,  but  had  no 
bulinels  with  the  </'.;//;  •,  we  were  apt  to 
believe  the  emix.Toi's  authority  was  great 
enougii  tor  determining  himlell  in  an  af- 
fair ol  this  nature  without  the  chtim's 
leave,  who,  tor  ought  we  knew,  was  but  a 
("ubje^,  and  was  to  obey  j  but  that  the 
emperor  was  the  m.illcr,  and  had  to  com- 
mand i  belkles  this,  the  Oltoman  Porte 
ought  not  to  put  to  much  confidence  in 
the  ihiim,  who  w.is  deej>er  in  the  Pulijh 
intcrell  than  they  were  aware  of,  and  hav- 
ing received  bribes,  promoted  tiieir  caufe 
liotli  with  his  dilcourles  and  advices,  and 
purfued  his  own  private  views,  without 
any  regard  for  the  true  interetl  ot  tiie 
Portf.  At  this  he  was  a  little  out  of  coun- 
tenance, and  laid,  he  well  knew  all  tiiat 
to  be  true  ;  however,  he  would  not  ita 
for  thcfirtw's  aufwer,  but  fortiuvith  di 
patch  us,  our  recredential  being  already 
ilrawing  up.  I  afketl,  whether  we  might 
depend  upon  it,  and  report  it  thus  to  your 
majvlly,  tor  fear  of  writing  things  which 
afterwards  proved  otiierwil'e  in  the  event. 
Ik  f.iid  it  fliould  certainly  be  done,  and 
we  might  lately  write  fo  to  your  inajelly. 
I  farther  faid,  that  in  order  to  let  them 
have  the  better  fecurity  for  your  majelly's 
good  intentions,  if  they  pleated,  we  would 
give  them  an  afllirance  under  your  own 
h md  and  leal,  on  condition  however  that 
the  emperor  would  give  us  alfo  his  alFur- 
ancc,  that  he  would  neither  oppole  your 
niajefby  and  his  allies  himfeif,  nor  tutVer 
them  to  be  oppofed  by  others.  That  this 
ofler  ouglit  to  convince  the  Porte  of  the 
finccrity  of  your  majelly's  intentions,  and 


7- 


whatevcrjcontrary  reports  had  lately  brcn 
Ipread  by  our  adverlaries,  were  nothing 
but  fillliooils  and  impullurc<i.  He  dclired 
us  to  draw  that  allurancc  up  in  (he  Tuik.p* 
language,  and  deliver  in  two  copies  of  it, 
one  for  the  viur,  and  the  other  tor  hint- 
telf  to  Ihew  to  tiie  emperor.  We  nfkcJ 
him  altij,  whether  he  fliould  lii.e  it,  it  wr 
wrote  to  the  vizir  i"  lie  anivveted,  wc 
might  <.lo  it,  and  he  would  lend  him  our 
letter.  Immciliately  I  drew  up  a  memo- 
rial, which  we  lent  away,  together  with  a 
copy  of  his  m.ijelly's  allUrance.  After 
this,  the  ininirtersof  'Iran/ylViittia  were  al- 
fo calleil  on  the  it'^  o\  July  to  an  audi- 
ence of  the  (lumakttm,  who  promiled  them 
likrwife  their  difmiflion,  concluding  with 
thele  words,  that  the  Turkijij  emperor  h.id 
had  good  realbn  to  rcfeiit  the  fault  which 
prince  R,igotJky  had  committed  in  going 
to  Poland,  without  alking  the  emperor's 
leave ;  but  in  regard  to  your  majelly's  in- 
tercetlion,  he  had  pardoned  him  for  this 
time  i  and  now,  lincc  he  had  begun  an 
affair,  he  lliould  make  the  bell  of  it,  and 
order  it  (o,  that  he  might  get  fomething 
for  his  own  trouble  alto  ■,  for  your  ni.ijefly, 
the  Rujjlan,  Braniicnhuri  and  the  Cojfach, 
had  already  got  the  bell  part  of  Pcland 
for  themlclves,  Whilll  aHairs  looked 
thus  with  the  motl  fivourable  alpcdl,  and 
notice  was  already  given  us  tor  our  audi- 
ence of  leave  of  tiie  emperor,  the  report 
came  of  Kagotjly'i  retreat  out  oi  Poland, 
and  the  enfuing  defeat  of  his  troops,  which, 
as  we  ufe  to  fay,  i-ut  every  thing  off  the 
hinges  again:  I  lis  minillers  were  im- 
priloncil  the  ninth  of  yiugujl;  and  wc  not 
only  fell  under  the  llrongetl  fufpicion  at 
the  turhfl)  court,  but  even  found  ourtllves 
expofed  to  the  greater  danger,  tiie  more 
we  hail  before  ct'jHJufed  Ragptjky-  interefl  •, 
to  that  it  was  already  reporteii  .,.  over 
Conjlantmofle,  that  wc  were  like  ivile  thrown 
into  prifon  ;  and  indeed  we  expe<^lcil  no 
lels  every  moment  ■,  for  we  were,  iluring 
three  weeks,  cut  otl"  from  all  communica- 
tion i  and  as  often  as  wc  defircd  auiliencc, 
we  were  refufed  it. 

And  fo  prince  Ragotfiy  himfeif  was  the 
occafion  of  deltroyingall  the  work,  which 
your  maiefly  had  been  labouring  at  in  his 
behalf  at  the  Ottoman  Porte,  and  brought 
to  fo  favourable  a  fituation,  that  the  Turk- 
ic emperor's  orders  were  already  fent  to 
the  Tartars,  to  keep  thcmfelves  within 
their  boundaries,  which  the  ebam  had  re- 
ceived the  day  aftc  the  prince's  defeat,  and 
had  accordingly  withdrawn  his  forces. 
This  event  at  the  fame  time  drew  upon  us 
thofe  delays,  and  other  fulferings  fo  dero- 
gatory to  your  majefty's  refpci^,  to  the 
joy  of  our  enemies,  who  thereby  got  a 
fair  opportunity  of  working  againll  us 
I  more 


the  mini- 
Hon  ol 

'/><»/>/- 

luve  luaii- 

cnce  ui 


Priiu-f 

rctrcit 
out  of 
PjI.ihJ, 
.inj  de- 
Icat. 

Involves 
ui  alio  in 
f;r<!at  dm 


to  Condantinuple. 


7" 


irr,  the 
(lepulcd. 


SucrfcJed 
by   I'hiir 
\UJJ\in 


more  efFcdliully  than  before,  and  with  iyi 
much  liitaK,  di.it  though  there  came  a 
'♦  «/*/«/?•  new  order  (rotn  the  vxut  on  the  24'''  of 
Auf,uj}y  for  dil'mifTing  us,  yet  it  was  limit- 
ed ill  luch  »  rniiincr,  that  the  taimakam 
(hould  lit  us  depart  with  our  dil'pacches, 
but  without  admitting  us  into  the  empe- 
ror's prelencc.  We  protcfled  againfl  this 
utieiiuitablc  proceeding,  both  iliredHy,  and 
by  tlie  intirpofition  of  the  /•.ngltji/  cnibal- 
faidor,  making  proper  icmonUrances  to 
ihe (aimnkam, who  liimlclf  owned  he  thouglit 
it  a  very  irregular  Hop,  and  had  therefore 
already  wrote  to  the  vizir  concerning  it, 
wholt;  anlwer  he  w.ib  ixpedling  every  day 
But  as  that  tarried  long,  and  we  Hill  prcl 
led  for  our  departure  j  the  caimakam  being 
a  rcafonable  man,  and  our  hearty  well 
wiOier,  went  himfelf  to  the  emperor  on 
the  13'''  of  Sifiember,  to  get  orders  for 
fixing  the  day  of  our  audience  of  leave  \ 
but  we  had  no  better  luck  this  time  1  for 
wiitn  he  came  into  the  feraglio,  he  was 
unexpededly  depofed,  and  fucceeded  by  Thi- 
or  llaffan  piljjii,  who  had  been  fcnt  from  the 
Dariianels  by  the  vizir  ;  to  which  misfor- 
tune his  rcmonftrating  to  the  vizir  in  our 
behalf,  had  in  all  likelihood  not  a  little 
contributed.  We  fblicited  the  new  eai- 
makam  likewife  to  execute  the  viztr'%  or- 
ders, but  witn  no  better  efleft  than  be- 
fore, either  by  reafon  of  the  emperor's  be- 
ing to  fee  out  for  Adriano[>L\  as  accor- 
dingly he  did  on  the  13''  of  ScpUmber,  or 
of  the  caimakam's  own  ill  nature ;  for  he 
was  a  pecviOi,  cruel  and  headftrong  man, 
which  made  all  the  foreign  minillers  averfe 
to  have  to  lio  v/ith  him  ;  he  afterwards 
amufed  us,  during  twelve  weeks,  with  a 
heap  of  fhifts  and  falle  promifcs,  faying 
f()metimes  he  had  already  wrote,  and  pro- 
mifing  at  others  he  would  write,  whilll  he 
neither  had  wrote  one  lyllable,  nor  fent 
the  leall  word  to  tiie  vizir  concerning  our 
bufinefs,  neither  would  he  permit  us  logo 
ourfelves  to  fjx*ak  with  the  vizir,  much 
Icfs  to  fend  any  body  to  liim.  in  all  this 
he  had  no  other  view,  than  to  force  money 
from  us  V  till  at  lalt  I  told  him  the  plain 
truth,  and  our  own  mind  in  very  dry 
terms,  as  well  by  word  of  mouth,  on  the 
ioNivtm-  30  of  Novtmber,  as  in  writing  on  the  21  ft 
'"•  oi  December,    which  expofed  us  to  his  in- 

folence  and  menaces  i  fo  far,  that  he  evrn 
threatned  us  with  taking  our  heads,  it  we 
offered  to  go  to  AdrianopU  without  his 
permifiion.  i  his  made  us  at  laft  rcfolvc 
in  defpitc  of  his  oppolition  and  defiance  to 
write  ro  the  vuir  himfelf,  and  to  fend  the 
letter  by  my  interpreter  to  Adrianople,  af- 
ter we  had  firit  confulted  wit',  the  French, 
Engltfli  and  Dutch  iTiinifters,  and  repre- 
fentcd  to  {\izm  his  brutifli  behaviour,  and 
what  would  be  the  confcqucnccs,  if  the 


i  ptevifh, 
cruel  jnii 
IkjJ. 

man. 


My  inter- 
preter lent 
with  a 
letter  10 
ihc  vizir 
en  the  ill 
cl  Dtarn- 
iir. 


I'urki  (hould  once  begin  to  vtol.itc  the  law 
of  nations,  with  regard  to  the  cmbafTidors 
of  chriftian  powers,  the  ttledfi  whereof 
would  fall  heaviclt  u^wn  them  u  ho  were 
refiding  there  in  ordinary,  and  daily  ex- 
ix)fed  to  his  brutality.  I'he  Eng!.j/j  em- 
liaflidor  thcreupin  declared  he  would 
write  to  the  wzi/- .ibout  it.  TUc  freHih, 
that  he  might  not  leem  to  have  done  no- 
thing, fent  indeed  a  letter  alio,  btit  not  ft 
the  vizir  (alledgiiig  that  fie  hail  no  interell 
with  the  vizir,  amrconlcquently  might  do 
more  harm  than  good  by  his  letter)  but 
to  a  friend  of  the  viiir,  named  Ah  I'ga, 
who  at  that  time  had  no  credit  neither. 
Ihe  Duhb  embafl.'idor  tirft  took  time  to 
confider  of  it,  and  afterwards  abliilutcly 
advifed  usagaintt  it,  faying,  he  knew  the 
temper  of  the  'liirki  to  well,  and  li.id 
learnt  fo  much  of  thole  with  whom  he 
daily  converfeil,  tint  if  we  did  it,  it 
would  not  only  obftrut't  our  Views,  but 
pollibly  draw  the  greateft  misfortunes 
upon  us.  But  .IS  I  knew  'lim  perfedly 
well,  and  was  fully  fcniible  his  .idvicc  was 
grounded  on  an  unwillingnelsof  m«liilin;j; 
in  an  affair  which  might  give  oileiKe  to 
the  king  of  Iluiigar\\  relident,  I  kept  to 
my  refolution,  antf  fent  my  interpreter 
away  on  the  3 ill  of  December.  When  he- 
heard  this,  and  that  the  other  minifters 
had  wrote,  he  w.is  afhamed,  ,ind  fent  a 
letter  alfo,  after  my  interpreter  was  already 
on  the  road,  bin  that  w.is  not  ilelivercd. 
My  interpreter  being  arrivei'  at  Adrianople, 
was  not  only  admitted  by  the  vizir,  but 
even  difpatchal  back  immediately  with 
orders  to  the  caimakam  »,o  let  us  depart, 
and  to  provide  us  with  necelTiry  carriages 
and  a  cbiaus. 

Upon  this  the  caiinAam  fent  for  lis  on 
the  13th  of  January  1658,  atfeding  a 
very  friendly  countenance.  We  took  our 
leave  of  him,  and  afterwards  on  the  2 ill 
of  January  let  out  from  Conjlantiiwple. 
On  the  8th  of  February  we  arrived  at 
Adrianople,  where  we  met  with  a  good 
reception  from  the  vizir,  and  were  pro- 
vided with  lodgings,  and  other  necef- 
faries. 

The  10th,  I  employed  the  Englifh  em 
bafTador's  interpreter,  who  had  orders 
from  his  principal,  to  be  aiding  and  affill- 
ing  to  us  in  any  thiig  that  might  tend  to 
your  majcfty's  fer' ice,  to  fpeak  to  xhevi- 
zir'i  chiahaja  (ar  officer  like  a  fteward, 
whom  one  appl.cs  to  for  being  admitted 
to  the  vizir,  and  on  other  occafions)  to 
procure  us  an  audience  of  the  vizir,  in 
which  I  hoped  to  have  an  opportunity  to 
lay  open  to  him  the  intrigues  between  the 
houfe  of  Auftria  and  Poland,   purfuant  to 

four  majefty's  orders,  for  which  purpofe 
had  drawn  up  a  memorial  which  I  had 

caufcd 


K' J  I.  A  Ml, 

After  hiv. 

u\f.  Hill 
(unfiilie.l 

f.  mil  lb 
4II.I  D»li>- 
embjift- 
Jon. 


1658. 
1 3  J^niKt- 

rv,   Aukii- 

ihi:  i  in.i- 
Urn. 


1  :■  Ft»r 


712 


y^  Relation  of  a  Journey 


m« 


if' 


ilJ 


ii' 


Roi.AMD.  caufeJ  to  be  tranfl  avd  into  the  Turkip  lan- 
^'''V'^^  guage.     On  tin-    i  ;ili   F  rect-ived    anlwrr 
from  the  w'z/r,  that  as  foon  as  he  llioiiltl 
be  at  Icifure,  he  woukl  lend  for  us,  being 
at   that  time  taken  up  with   the  payimnt 
of  the  fpabi's  and  janizaries ;  and  thougli 
fincc  that  time  I  fcnt  every   day  either  to 
tlT?  forefaid  chiahajti,  or  to  the  cbuitis  fiiffi, 
to  put  them   in   mind  of  it,    and  prefTed 
thep.i  fo  earneftly,  that  the  chiaus  even  once 
rcfufed  to  admit   my  interpreter  to  fpcak 
witli  him,  yet  the  audience  was  (lill  pofl- 
20  Fffr.    po'if J  till  the  20th  of  Fd'fU'iry,  when  we 
liiilMtthcJ  were  called  by  the  vizir,  and  at  tlie  lan'e 
l.y  the  {;■  time  difp.uched  i    and  thereby  no  oppor- 
~"'  tunity  was   left  to  deliver  my  memorial ; 

for  the  vizir  was  already  fo  much  prepof- 
felled  by  the  king  of  Hungarfi  chiit  in- 
terpreter Paiu-jotti,  that  ir  was  in  vain  to 
make  any  firther  remonllrances-,  for  he 
approved  ot  nothing  but  what  was  pro- 
pofed  to  him  by  thefaid  interpreter  ;  what- 
ever any  body  elfe  moved,  look  with  him 
no  farther,  than  as  it  had  Pjitrj'.ui'-i  fmKfti- 
on,  and  what  lie  happened  to  viiHike,  was 
fure  to  be  reJeQed  by  the  vizir.  We 
therefore  judged  ic  inconfillenL  with  your 
maiclly's  dignity,  to  deliver  our  memo- 
rial, and  to  give  the  vizir  a  handle  to  put 
a  flight  upon  your  majefty's  good  inten- 
tions. It  was  owing  alio  to  Pancjotli'^  in- 
finuations,  that  the  vizir  would  not  allow 
us  to  return  by  the  way  of  Venice,  but 
nude  us  go  by  Btida,  through  the  domi- 
nions of  tiie  king  of  Hunga-y.  At  the 
audience,  after  the  ufual  formalities  were 
ov<.:r,  the  ■;;/;,;>  l)egan  to  fay,  your  maje- 
lly  had  fent  to  eftablilh  a  friendlliip  with 
the  Olloman  Porte,  at  the  fame  time  thai 
you  had  contracted  an  alliance  with  a 
have  of  the  Porte,  the  prince  of  'Tranjjl- 
vania,  who  on  that  occafion  had  incurred 
the  guilt  of  rebellion,  and  marched  againit 
the  emperor's  fubjefts  the  Tart.irs.  I  an- 
fwered  him,  that  as  your  majefty  being 
willing  to  continue  the  friendlliip  elhibl idl- 
ed by  king  Giijlavus  Adolpbus  with  fultan 
Mw\i: ;  and  to  teltify  your  (incere  atFc(?ti- 
on  towards  the  Ottoman  Porte,  had  fent  us 
to  renew  and  confirm  the  fiid  friend Ihip ; 
lb  your  majclty  hatl  likcwife,  at  the  ex- 
ample of  tiie  fiid  king  Gujlavus  Adolibns, 
:  i ',  queen  Chrijliiia  made  an  alliance  with 
pi  ice  RagotJ?;),  according  to  a  long  in- 
tertourfe  of  friendfliip  that  had  been  lub- 
fifting  between  the  crown  of  S'lveden  and 
the  princes  of  'Trar,f\lvamd  :  That  your 
majelly's  uniting  yourfclf  with  a  friend 
and  valfal  of  the  Vttonum  Porte,  rather 
than  with  an  enemy  of  theirs,  ought  on 
the  contrary  to  be  looked  upon  as  a  llrong 
argument  ot  your  majrlly's  good  inten- 
tions towards  tf.em.  'I'h.it  if  the  prince 
had  given  otl'encc  to  the  Porte,  by  maich- 
4 


A  uini- 
m.iry  .(c- 
couiit  of 
'.vh.it  [Ml- 
kJ  jt  the 
juJienci:. 


ing  into  Poland  without  thc'r  previous 
leave,  anil  after",  ards  proceeded  too  far 
wiih  relation  to  the  Tarlars,  it  was  all  his 
own  fault  1  tor  which  he  had  already 
aronetl  by  his  own  ruin:  That  your  ma|c- 
lly  was  not  at  all  picafcd  with  it,  but  had 
on  your  part  nicely  obfervcd  all  the  parts 
becoming  a  friend,  having  not  only  at  the 
vtry  lime  when  your  majelly  entered  into 
a  negotiation  with  rhc  prince,  lt;nt  an  em- 
balfy  on  that  fubjeft  to  the  PorU,  butliav- 
ing  alio  on  all  occations  adviltd  the  prince, 
and  fiiggelled  to  him  what  might  lie 
for  tlic  ad.antage  of  the  Ottowan  Porte; 
that  as  for  the  lall  at^fion  againft  the  Tur- 
tars,  your  majelly  had  not  given  the  prince 
one  man  for  it ;  nay,  ilid  not  know  the 
Icali  of  it  but  after  it  had  happened.  The 
vizir  proceeded  with  telling  us  the  contents 
of  our  recredentials.  I  made  ample  and  Rcprefcu 
ferious  reprcfcntations  againll:  them,  re-  taiiuns 
monltratirig,  that  this  was  a  very  unfuitable  'Q'"-'""- 
return  for  your  majefty's  fincere  atfeftion  ffj^r^jcn.. 
to  the  Ottoman  Porte,  and  that  he  was  lijU, 
milled  by  ill  minded  pcrlons.  Buthean- 
fwered,  what  I  had  laid  was  all  right,  but 
the  letter  was  now  drawn  up,  and  could  not 
be  done  over  again  :  The  Porte  had  con- 
fided in  your  majefty's  friendfliip,  but 
whilft  he,  the  vizir,  had  been  taken  up 
.igainft  the  enemies  of  the  '■Turkijh  empiic, 
the  foretaid  changes  intervened,  fince 
which  they  knew  not  what  they  had  to 
expeifl  from  your  majclty,  but  were  in 
hopes  to  have  more  particular  alfuranci s 
on  ih.it  lie.id.  Then  he  ordered  caftun  or 
long  gowns  to  be  brought  in,  and  hung 
about  us. 

1  talked  to  him  next  concerning  our  au-  An  audi- 
dience  of  the  emperor ;  he  anfwered,  it  cnceoftlie 
could  not  be  this  time  ;  but  if  either  we  f"M''='''"' 
or  any  others  fhould  return  from  your  '"'''^'^'* 
ma  jelly,  to  let  them  know  what  they  might 
rely  on  with  relation  to  your  majelly,  we 
lliould  have  all  fatisfaftion.  I  anfwered, 
that  this  way  of  proceeding,  as  it  could 
not  but  convince  your  majefty  of  the 
Porte's  indilFerence  for  his  good  intentions, 
would  rather  make  you  averli;  to  any  far- 
ther communication  with  them,  and  that 
therefore  he  ought  to  be  tender  of  not  of- 
fending your  majefly,  who  having  given 
them  no  caule  for  it,  but  rather  fent  us  to 
confirm  the  anticnt  friendfliip,  this  way 
of  difmilTrng  us  would  be  u  very  unbe- 
coming return.  But  he  repeated  his  for- 
mer anfwer  and  turned  the  difcourfe  on  our 
journey,  and  the  aftiftancc  we  were  to 
have  on  the  road,  ufing  withal  much  tem- 
per and  moderation  in  his  talk,  and  for- 
bearing all  palTion.  Afterwards  he  gave 
orders  to  clothe  our  retinue,  and  clothes 
were  brought  in  accordingly  -,  but  the 
cbiaiis  pa^s  ill-nature  prevented  the  diftri- 

buting 


Di 

td 

mc 

oui 


and 
cm| 
ojic 

purl 


28  1 

(et 

from 


Hirtl 

and  [i 


pro  V  ions 

too  tar 
.IS  .ill  his 

iilrc.uly 
ur  inaic- 

but  had 
the  p.irts 
ly  at  the 
ereij  into 
It  ,111  cm- 

buthiiv- 
iL-  prince, 
night    lie 
itn  Porte; 
\  the  Tar- 
the  prince 
know   the 
;ned.  The 
le  contents 
ample  and  Rcprcfen 
them,    re-  t'liona 
unluitablo  ""X"' 

^  „  .        iDR  the 

rc  atiedtion  tccrcJi;"- 
It  he  was  iiji». 
But  he  an- 
right,  but 
I  could  not 
k  hi'd  con- 
.Ifliip,    but 

taken  up 
ij}j  impiie, 
led ,  fince 
hey  l..id  to 
tiut  wert-   ii 

.ilVuratK' 

L'd  caft'Uis  or 

1,  and  hung 

ning  our  au-  An  audi- 
anfwcrcd,   it  enceofthe 
if  either  we  "M^^ 

tiom  your  „p„„. 
u  they  might 
majerty,  we 

I  anfwered, 
,  as  it  could 
ijelty  of    the 
jd  intentions, 
c  to  any  far- 
jm,  and  that 
ler  of  not  oi- 
having  given 
:her  fent  us  to 
lip,    this  way 
a  very  unbe- 
leated  his  for- 
ifcourfe  on  our 
c  we   were  to 
lal  much  tem- 
talk,  and  for- 
wards he  gave 
c,  and  clothes 
gly  i    but  the 
;ntcd  the  dillri- 
buting 


to  Conftantinople. 


713 


18  Feb. 
fct    out 


Hard  (hips 
by  norm 
and  frolt. 


buting  of  them  by  whirpering  fomething 
to  them  that  brought  them  in. 
Difpitdi-       Thus  we  were  difmifled,  and  had  by  the 
ed  by  the  .-j,j;ir's  order  a  purfe  of  afpen  given  us  to 

viz.ir\\H\\    ,   r  I  '  f  ■  u 

money  tor  '■^'^"^y  ^"^  expenccs  of  our  journey,  be- 
our  jour-  fides  thofe  of^  our  (lay  at  Adrianople,  for 
icy,         which  we  were  allowed  and  exatJlly  paid  at 
the  rate  of  fifteen  hundred  afpers  per  diem 
(though  the  greater  part  of  them  were  of  a 
b.ifecoin.)    A  cbiaus  was  alfo  ordered  to 
condudt  us  with  an  open  paflTport  of  the 
and  the    emperor,  and  a  recommendation  from  the 
emperor's  great  vtzir  to  the  vizir  of  Buila,  with  lUift 
open  p.iff-  orders  for  him  to  fee  us  fafely  conduced 
''"'■         to  the  limits  of  Chriftcndom,  and  to  pro- 
cure us  a  fecurc  pafliige  through  the  ylu- 
ftrian  dominions.     The  vizir  fent  likewile 
to  defire  a  paflport  of  the  king  of  Hunga- 
ry's refident,    which  was  to  carry  us  lafe 
over   the  frontiers  to  Comorra,  which  ac- 
cordingly was  afterwards  fent  to  us. 

All  things  being  thus  provided,  we  left 

ulm  AJri-  ^^'''""Oplf  0"  t^><-'  2iith  of  February  and  fet 

Mtf/t.      out  o"  t'"^  '■0^'^  ^°^  Buda,  fince  the  vizir 

would  not  allow  us  to  go  by  the  way  of 

Venice,  merely  upon  the  inftigation  ot  Pa- 

nejotti  the  Hungarian  interpreter. 

The  fatigues  and  hardfliips  we  under- 
went upon  this  our  return,  are  beyond 
what  can  be  expreffed  and  defcribed.  For 
between  Conftantinople  and  Adrianople, 
which  regularly  is  but  fix  or  fcvcn  days  jour- 
ney, we  toiled  eighteen  days  on  account 
of  the  bad  weather  v  on  the  26th  of  Ja- 
nuary it  blew  fo  unnatural  a  dorm,  attend- 
ed with  froft  and  fnow,  that  had  the  inn 
been  but  half  a  mile  farther  off,  we  had 
all  been  in  danger  of  our  lives }  for  one 
of  our  coachmen  was  grown  fo  ftiff  with 
cold  that  he  tumbled  olf  the  coach,  none 
of  the  reft  offering  to  help  him,  as  think- 
ing him  quite  dead.  My  interpreter  like- 
wife  was  fo  penetrated  with  the  cold,  as 
no  longer  to  be  able  to  move  a  limb  or 
govern  his  horfe,  whom  he  let  go  where 
he  would  1  the  wind  withal  was  fo  violent, 
that  it  blew  the  cap  from  his  head  fo  far 
off  into  the  fields,  that  thofe  who  went 
after  it  on  foot  as  well  as  on  horfeback 
could  not  recover  it.  The  fevere  cold  had 
made  us  utterly  unable  to  help  one  another, 
and  we  travelled  on,  weathering  the  llorm 
as  if  we  were  at  fea,  to  keep  m  the  road 
if  poffible,  yet  wore  always  driven  off 
38  travel-  fidcwards.  That  day  eight  and  twenty 
Itrsfroien  (ravelling  pcrfons  were  Uarved  to  death 
on  the  fame  road  clofe  behind  us,  between 
two  places  called  Bujukmefe  and  Silibria. 
We  were  the  only  ones  that  ventured  on 
that  day's  journey,  but  all  other  7l«r*;  turn- 
ed back  again.  The  next  day  the  (torm 
and  cold  obliged  us  to  tarry  in  a  town  cal- 
led Czorlu  i  having  afterwards  with  great 
Vol.  V. 


trouble  and  labour  worked  our  fclvcs 
through  the  fnow,  which  then  was  Hill 
pafliible,  to  the  town  of  Baba  on  the  3otli 
of  January,  and  got  into  a  houfe  that  had 
neither  windows  nor  d(K)rs,  and  where  the 
fnow  lay  piled  up  againd  it  on  one  fiilc 
(all  cbannes  or  inns  being  full  of  travellers 
that  were  ilopt  by  the  fnow.)  There  fell  fo 
deep  a  fnow  that  night,  that  it  was  impof- 
fible  for  us  or  any  body  elfe  to  get  thro'  i 
and  fome  that  tried  to  force  a  way  through 
it  with  the  help  of  buffaloes  or  oxen,  were 
obliged  to  lie  that  night  in  the  open  fields, 
and  to  come  back  the  next  day,  leaving 
one  of  their  companions  behind,  who  pe- 
rifhed  of  cold.  Near  Adrianople  i\\t  weight 
of  fnow  had  borne  down  above  forty  hou- 
f-'s  (which  in  thofe  parts  are  Hat  at  the 
top)  and  a  fountain  head  that  flood  in  the 
field,  the  walls  of  which  were  eight  ells 
high,  was  covered  over  with  Ihow,  with 
which  the  ftreets  of  the  town  were  filled 
to  fuch  a  degree,  that  for  fome  days  there 
w:'  no  going  from  one  houfc  to  another, 
till  they  were  clcarcil  by  the  Cbriftians 
and  Jews,  who  were  obliged  to  make 
way. 

On  the  third  of  February  we  had  drca<l- 
ful  thunder  and  lightning,  attended  with 
heavy  rain,  which  indeed  melted  a  great 
deal  of  the  fnow  i  but  when  we  as  well  as 
other  paflengers  were  fet  out,  wc  found 
the  waters  rifen  to  fuch  a  height,  that  they 
overflowed  the  very  bridges  that  they  could 
not  be  feen.  A  Jurk  being  confitient  ho 
knew  the  way  bell  of  any,  went  before  us 
into  the  water,  but  was  carried  off  by  the 
llream,  with  his  horfe  >  another  who  fol- 
lowed iiim  w.is  alio  feizcd  by  the  llream, 
but  was  dived  by  the  flrength  of  his  hof  fe, 
which  fwam  with  him  on  fhore.  Cauti- 
oned by  the  misfortune  of  thefe  two  we 
turned  back,  after  we  had  travelled  one 
mile  to  no  purpofe,  and  lay  by  at  Baba 
aforefaid  till  the  ninth  day,  and  ufing  all 
forts  of  hardffiip,  fuch  a  number  of  tra- 
vellers coming  in  every  day  from  Conftan- 
tino/'le,  who  were  forced  to  (lop  there  alio, 
that  all  the  houfes  in  the  town  were  filled 
with  them,  and  at  laft  neither  bread  nor 
meat  was  to  be  had  for  any  money.  The 
waters  falling  a  little,  wc  fet  out  again  on 
the  feventhof  hebruary,  and  reached  yidri- 
anople  with  the  utmoll  danger  of  our  lives, 
having  crolled  fcvcral  waters,  in  which 
hundreds  of  travellers  periflied  about  that 
time  on  the  fame  road  from  Conjlanlinoflc 
thither,  among  whom  was  the  Kn^lijh  em- 
baffador's  janizary,  who  being  lent  with 
a  letter  to  Adrianople,  was  by  the  dream 
carried  off  with  his  horic  irom  a  bridge. 
Between  Adrianople  and  Philippopoli  wc  hail 
a  tolerable  journey,  and  be<^,in  to  hope 
8  T  the 


Roi  A  MB. 


40  liotifci 
hrukcn 
down   1 
thflwei^'iit 
of  the 
Inow  near 
ji.iriiins- 


Thunder, 
liKhmini; 
and  Min, 
.ind   aJter- 
w.irds   in* 
undationa. 


hundred 
pcrlcns 
pcriflicd 
III  ihc 
waierf. 


714 


A  Relation  of  a  Journey 


i'W) 


m'^ 


iii 


iSi 


il 


RoiAUB.  the  bed  as  fo  the  roads  and  the  weather ; 
^-ors>  but  ihc-  vvTy  (lay  we  fet  out  from  Philip- 
pofoi:  it  began  again  to  fnow,  which  con- 
tinuing for  three  days,  wc  rid  ail  the  WAy 
through  the  fnow  ahnoft  up  to  our  horfus 
bellies,  till  we  came  to  Sophia.     Upo:i  tiie 
fnow's  melting,  all  the  brooks  and  rivers 
were  fo  fwelled  up,    that  we  were  many 
limes  forced  to  fwim  our  horfes  over,  elpe- 
cially  over  the  fmaller  ones,  and  in  crof- 
fing  after  this  manner  a  water  between 
Wc  were  ^"P^''^  ^"^  Dragoman,  the  ftream  drove  us 
driven  by  above  fevcnty  paces  out  of  our  way  ;  there 
che  rtream  being  no  poffibility  of  getting  tlie  waggons 
above  70  over,  WC  left  them  at  tiie  waterfide  till  the 
pacci  outjjgjjj.  [looming,  when  the   water   abated. 
Thus  we  travelled  on  under  continual  rain 
and  fnow,  till  we  arrived  at  Belgrade  on  the 
»j  Marib.  25th  of  March  with  our  horfes,  which  by 
toiling  and  labouring  through   the  deep 
roads,  fnow  and  water  were  bt-ome  a?  bare 
about  their  bellies  and  legs  as  if  they  had 
been  (haved.     From  Belgrade,  where  the 
river  Savus  and  Danube  )oin  and  feparate 
Hungary  from  Bofniat  we  found  the  roads 
tollerabJe. 
Arrived  at     On  the  fifth  of  April  we  arrived  at  Buda, 
Buda.       the  vizir  of  which  place  Kenan  pajfa  fent 
four  chiaufes  to  meet  us  out  of  town  in 
the  fields  :   he  was  already  marched  out 
from  thence  to  the  camp   that  had   been 
formed  on  the  other  fide  of  the  Danube^ 
near  a  fmall  town  called  Pefte ;  and  as  he 
was  to  proceed  the  next  morning  to  Te- 
ntefwaeTy  to  command  a  body  of  troops 
that  were  marching  againft  Ragotjki,  we 
AuOicnce  were  immediately  called  to  have  audience. 
oi  the  oi-  Being  come  to  the  place,  the  firft  thing 
xtr  ot  that  j^g  Jefired  was  to   fee  our  recredentials, 
*"^''       which  I  flatly  refufed,  telling  him,  they 
were  to  be  opened  by  none  but  your  ma- 
jefty,  with  which   anfwer  he  feemed  fatif- 
fied.    Being  come  into  the  audience  room 
he  fat  himlelf  prefently  down  and  began 
to  talk   to   us,    without  odering    us  any 
chairs  ;  but  1  let  him  know  1  was  not  ufcd 
to  talk  with  any  body  (landing  ;  nor  ought 
he  to  prefumc  fo  much  upon  his  own  gran- 
cieur,  .as  to  expcft  the  king  oi  Sweden' a  cm- 
baflador  fliould  talk  with  liim  Handing ; 
at  the  fame  time  i  turned  my  back  upon 
him,  which  they  reckon  a  great  afiront. 
At  this  he  was  much  out  of  countenance, 
and  forthwith  ordered  chairs  to  be  brought, 
which  indeed  Hood  near  at  hand,  but  had 
been  kept  back  to  try  us.     After  I  had 
fate  my  felf  down,  I    told  him  he  miglit 
fpeak  what  he  plealed,  and  he  fhouid  have 
Hi;  extrj-  an  anfwer.     He  thereupon  began  to  talk 
extravagantly,   blaming  your  majelty  for 
making  war  againft  their  friends  the  Polei. 
I  replied,  not  without  fome  emotion,  that 
your  niajcfty  was  a  fovcreign  king,  who 
4 


v.igjnciej 

clicckej. 


needed  not  aflc  the  Ottoman  Portt',  nor  any 
power  whatfoever,  if  he  hail  a  niind  to 
make  war  or  peace,  but  adtcd  on  thcfe 
ocrafions  entirely  as  he  judged  proper. 
And  to  let  him  know  your  majelly's  fcnti- 
ments,  I  could  acquaint  him  that  your 
m.ijerty  employed  your  arms  to  purfuc 
thole  who  were  evil-minded,  wlioever  they 
were,  and  on  the  other  hand  loved  and 
honoured  hb  friends,  and  for  fo  doing  w.is 
accountable  to  none  but  himfclf.  He  next 
talked  of  Ragotjki  and  your  majefty's  al- 
liance with  him,  that  this  certainly  was  no 
friendly  ftep,  Ragotjki  being  a  fiibjedt  of 
the  Ottoman  Porte  \  how  your  m.ijefty  could 
condefcend  fo  far  as  to  enter  into  an  union 
with  one  who  was  but  a  (Vaywode,  it  now 
would  foon  appear  where  it  would  end 
with  him.  I  explained  to  him  the  reafons 
of  this  alliance  ;  that  as  all  the  world  had 
views  towards  Poland,  your  majefty  w;>s 
willing  to  aflill  one  in  going  thither,  who 
was  in  fo  near  a  relation  with  che  Porte, 
left  fome  of  their  own  rivals  might  get  a 
footing  there,  and  afterw-irds  prove  a  dan- 
gerous neighbour  to  them.  Confequently 
that  your  majelly's  uniting  your  felf  with 
the  friends  of  the  Ottoman  Porte,  rather 
than  thtir  enemies,  was  an  evidence  of 
your  tnajefty's  affeftion  ;  (hould  he  enter 
into  engagements  with  Rufia  againfl  the 
Porte,  what"  would  they  fay  then  ?  With 
this  he  was  down  in  the  mouth,  and  faid, 
let  us  talk  of  fomething  elfe  ;  but  yet  ad- 
ded, if  your  majefty  would  be  friends  with 
the  Ottoman  Porte,  you  fhouid  have  your 
own  refident  at  their  court.  I  replied,  I 
had  nothing  to  fay  to  that  point,  as  abfo- 
lutely  depending  on  your  majefty's  own 
will,  to  whom  they  might  apply  for  it. 
Wc  difcourfed  next  of  our  journey,  how 
we  might  fafely  proceed  on  as  far  as  Co- 
morra  ;  he  alio  afked  how  we  intended  af- 
terwards to  get  througli  Germany.  Hav- 
ing fufficiently  concerted  with  him  what 
related  to  our  departure,  he  concluded 
with  faying,  your  majefty  had  bef:  remain 
a  friend  to  the  Ottoman  Porte,  as  you  had 
been  hitherto  i  and  fo  having  obtained  his 
promife  for  providing  what  was  neceffary 
for  our  journey,  we  took  our  leave  of 
him,  and  returned  to  our  quarters  ;  but 
by  his  order  were  led  back  another  way 
tlian  we  came  firft,  the  Tiirks  taking  it  as 
a  bad  omen  for  a  man  to  come  and  return 
by  the  fame  way.  He  ordered  two  cbiaufis 
and  two  janizaries  to  attend  us  •,  but  after 
he  was  broke  up  with  his  camp,  wc  were 
foftridlly  kept  by  hh  caimakam,  whom  he 
had  left  behind  iiim,  that  none  of  our  re- 
tinue were  allowed  to  go  farther  tiian  be- 
tween our  own  houfcs  (for  we  were  lodged 
in  four  different  houles)  except  only  fome- 

times 


Conceni- 
ing  Rj 
gjfiii 
and  the 
slli.incc 
with  him. 


lie  bejim 
to  change 
his  dif. 
coutle. 


Tallt  about 
our  jour- 
ney. 


to  Conftantinople. 


V'S 


lor  any 
.lincl  to 
n  thcfe 
proper, 
's  fcnti- 
it  your 
purfiie 
/er  they 
veii  and 
oingwas 
He  next  Concem- 
ifty's  al-  ins  «•'- 

Libject  or  ^umco 

[ty  could  witli  him. 

an  union 

s,  it  now 

Duld  end 

le  reafons 

vorld  had 

jefty  was 

■her,  who 

the  Porte, 

ight  get  a 

yitt  a  dan- 

nfequently 

r  felf  witli 

rU,   rather 

ividence  ot 

Id  he  enter 

leainft  the 

vfn?  With 

,  and  faid.  He  bejiiw 

)Ut  yet  ad- '°  ^'»"S« 

'  .    '  ,       •  u  his  dif- 

friendswith^g^jjfj. 
have  your 
replied,  I 
It,  asabfo- 
jefty's  own 
:)ly  for  it. 
rney,  how  Talk  shout 
i  far  as  Co- o"'i°'''• 
,tendedaf-"'y• 
i«j.    Hav- 
him  what 
concluded 
beP:  remain 
IS  you  had 
jbtaincd  his 
as  necelTary 
leave  of 
rters  •,   but 
lother  way 
aking  it  as 
;  and  return 
two  chiaufcs 
but  after 
,  wc  were 
whom  he 
of  our  rc- 
,er  than  be- 
ere  lodged 
only  fomc- 
times 


(Ijtin. 


times  they  permitted  us  to  go  to  the  warm 
badis  th.it  are  in  the  fuburbs.     The  day 
after  our  arrival,  the  vizir'a  letter  to  count 
Buchdn  relating  to  our  fafe  condudt  was 
difpatched.     The  day  following  we  alfo 
Secretiry  fent  our  letter  to  the  fa-d  count,  and  the 
f^'/'wich  ■'^S'^f'^y  °^  Hungary  by  fecretary  IVallich, 
a'fettcr  to  wlio"^  the  vizir  had  provided  with  a  paff- 
count  Bu-  l>ort  and  orders  for  relays.    And  though 
the  council  of  war  at  Vienna  had  immedi- 
ately  iffued  orders  for  our  pafFage,    of 
which  fecretary  IVallich  had  fent  us  notice 
by  letters,  yet  the  faid  caimakam  kept  them 
from  us,  merely  with  the  defign  of  forc- 
ing us  to  make  him  prefents,  and  thereby 
madi;  us  (lay,   and  wait  at  Buda  twelve 
days  without  the  leaft  information,  thofe 
at  Comorra  wondering  at  the  fame  time 
what  was  become  of  us.    At  laft  on  the 
1 6th  oi  April  there  came  a  capuci  hajjl, 
who  had  been  fenr  to  Vienna  to  defire  a 
paffage  for  the  Turkijh  ,irmy  through  Dal- 
matia  ;    he   had  a  letter   with  him  from 


A  capuii 
iaft   re- 
tirni 
from  Fi- 


vided  for  us.     Thofe  ofTicers  (hewed  us  all 
imaginable  honour  and  friendfhip,  and  an 
obliging  readinefs  toadift  us  in  all  we  could 
want.     But  the  commandant  or  governor  The  com^ 
of  Comorra  himfelf  Gabriel  Bojfani  an  Hun-  ni,ind.int 
garian,  was  a  rude  and  ill  bred  man,  and ''' '^'"'"''■• 
had  not  the  leaft  complaifance  for  us  even  [I'  '^''^'*"" 
in  trifles,  which  we  made  him  fenfible  of,  rcifowbie 
by  fending  him  a  fitting  compliment.  The 
next  day  the  commiflSry,   who  was   ap- 
pointed by  the  council  of  war  at  Viennti 
to  attend  us,  came  to  wait  on  us,  and  we 
inftantly  fet  out  with   him.     Wc  palled 
over  the  Danube  in  a  faique  to  the  town  of 
Comorra,  being  faluted  with  two  guns  at 
our  embarking  at  the  Palanka,  and  two 
more  at  our  landing  near   the  fortrefs. 
There  we  took  horfe  and  travelled  on,  be- 
ing provided  all  along  the  road  with  re- 
lays, and   defrayed  in  molt  of  the  inns. 
On  the  frontiers  of  Hungary,  where  we  z+  AfrU, 
were  to  enter  into  Moravia,    we  were  re- '!'« 'fo"- 
ceived  by  a  judge,  who  was  brother  to  the  "°"  °^ 


where  he  fVallicb,  but  fir  from  intending  to  deliver    vifcountof  the  county  of  Trawcj,  attended    '"'^'"'-'' 

had  de-     it  to  US,   he  had  opened  it,  in  hopes  of    by  fome  of  (he  Hungarian  nobility,    and 

f"i?  f       meeting  with  foniebody  who  could  read     40  Heiducks,    who  convoyed  us  one  day's 

,j,j''<;-°,^.  it  for  him;  but  finding  none,  and  yet  be-    journey  to  the  firft  town  \n  Moravia;  in 

ijb  srmy    '"g  curious  to  know  the  contents,  he  fent    Moravia  and  Silefia  we  were  treated  every  nfir^rU, 

throujih     for  my  interpreter  and  fecretary  Klingen,    where   with   civility,    and  had  affiftance,  Siltfia, 

Dalmatin.  defiring  them  to  read  the  letter  and  inter-    except  at  Brejlau,  where  the  chancellor  of  ^^^n^^, 

fsret  it  to  him.  By  this  means  we  had  at  the  regency  received  our  commiflary  very 
aft  information  how  things  ftood,  and  roughly,  without  fhewing  the  leaft  refpcft 
how  deceitfully  we  were  dealt  with  by  the  for  the  paflport  we  had  from  the  king  his 
caimakam  ;  for  which  we  immediately  fent  mafter,  merely  becaufe  there  had  been 
to  expoftulatc  with  him,    which  had  fo    fome  miftake  in  point  of  formality,   no 

much  etTeft,    that  he  difpatched  us  the    notice  having  been  given  to  that  regency 

next  day,  and  provided  us  with  orders  for    depending  on  the  government  of  Bohemia. 

a  convoy  and  other  neceflliries  to  the  beg    This  incivility  made  us  pafs  by  the  city  to  ,  May. 

who  commanded  at  Gran ;  fo  we  travelled    the  next  inn,  half  a  quarter  of  a  mile  far- 

from  Buda  by  the  way  of  Gran,  and  on  ther,  where  the  prince  of  Lignitz,  who  is 
1%  April  the  1 8th  of ///-nV  arrived  on  the  borders  prefident  of  the  regency,  lent  the  mafter 
return  in-  of  Chriftendom,  near  a  village  one  mile  of  his  houlhold  after  us,  to  order  our 
to  Chriil-  on  tiiis  fuje  of  Comorra,  where  the  Turkijh  horfcs  back  with  the  drivers,  who  were 
en  om.     convoy,  confifting  of  a  company  of  Huf-    his  fubjefts,  promifing  us  others  in  their 

fars  halted,  with  their  colours  flying,  at    ftead ;  I  took  that  opportuninty  of  refcnt- 

one  end  of  the  village;  at  the  other  end    ing  in  fitting  terms  the  uncivil  ufagc  we 

were  drawn  up  two  companies  of  German    '    ' 

Curaffiers,  fent  by  the  king  of  Hungary  to 
Takinc  tnttt  US.  Having  taken  our  leave  of 
leave  of  the  Turks,  we  returned  among  Cliriftians, 
the  'Turks,  being  received  by  an  Hungarian  commif- 

fary,  who  in  the  name  ot  the  command- 
ant welcomed  us  with  a  Latin  compliment, 

being  attended  by  fome  Hungarian  Htijfars, 

with  whom  he  conducted  us  through   the 

village  to  the  place  where  the  Curaffiers 

were  drawn  up,  under  the  command  of  a 

in.ijor,  who  received  us  with  great  civility, 

and  conduifted  us  to  the  Palanka,  which 

lii'son  tliis  fide  of  the  Danube,  over  againft 


had  met  with.    The  mafter  of  the  houf- 
hold  returned    with   this   meflage  to  his 
prince,   but  was    immediately   fent  back 
again    to    us    with  the   prince's  excufes, 
which  we  fent  our  fecretary  to  receive  in 
the  yard,  without  admitting  liim  before 
us.      And  as  he  was  not  able  to  get  o- 
tiier  men  and  horfes,  he  was  obliged  all 
night  to  look  out  for  his  own  peafants 
we  had    before,   and   lend   them   to    us, 
whom  we  kept  as  far  as  Neumark,  where  RjcjptK 
we  were   tolerably  well   received   by   one  at  AV«- 
Hunoltjlein  mafter  of  the  ordnance,  enter-  "<"■*• 
tertaiiied  at  dinner,   and  provided  with  a 


the  town   and  fortrcis  of  Comorra,  where     new  commiflary  and  all  neceflaries  for  our  ,'^,|JJ''J'|' 
vii  were   welcomed  by  the  officers  of  the.    journey  to  the  frontiers  of  Silejia.      Butncrfei. 


i     new  commiflary  and  all  neceflaries  for  our  li:   ■j'.* 
:.    journey  to  the  frontiers  of  SVi?/;\(.      Butntrfei. 
jj!,ice,  and    brought  to  the  lodgings  pro-      the  laid //««o///7£i«  had 


afoned  his  dinner  fonedwitli 

with  '""art  dil- 
ourfc. 
C 


ji6 


A  Relation  of  a  'jdurney^  &c. 


RoLAui.  with  A  good  deal  of  fmart  and  poignant 
*  difcourfe,  to  which  he  had  as  lively  replies 
from  me ;  but  as  he  carried  it  too  fiir, 
and  began  to  grow  impertinent  with  afk- 
ing  queftions,  I  cut  him  Ihort  with  fay- 
ing, I  was  come  to  dine  with  him,  and 
not  to  be  examined,  and  therefore  dcflred 
he  might  fufpend  that  fort  of  converfa- 
tion.  This  not  only  took  him  down  a 
litde,  but  alfo  made  him  change  his  note, 
drink  your  majefty's  health,  and  ufe  us 
with  civility. 

Thus  we  travelled  through  the  midft  of 
the  dominions  of  your  majefty's  adverfa- 


ries  and  enemies  without  being  !jurt  by 
them,  but  even  with  their  help  and  alTif^- 
ance  ;  which  though  it  was  by  no  means 
owing  to  any  good  will  of  theirs,  yet  tiie 
refpeft  they  had  for  your  majefty's  va- 
lour and  arms,  wrought  fo  much  upon 
them,  that  they  could  not  help  doing  us 
all  good  offices,  and  affifling  us,  though 
much  againft  their  natural  inclinations. 

So  far  the  account  of  that  remarkable  and 
important  embajfi,  in  which  that  gentleman 
was  employed  by  bis  majefty  at  the  Turkifh 
court. 


U 
If*')' 


I 


li 


FINIS. 


I     N     D     E      X 

To  the  Fifth  VOLUME. 


A. 

ABbUny  village 
Abonee 
Abroby  village 
AcaHimina  village 
Acarady 
Accany 

A(hombetie  village 
Acra  or  Acara 
Acton 

Adja  village 
Adorn 
Adrianoph  the  ancient  feat  of  the 

peror 
Agga  village 
Asoava 
Akam 
Alampoe 
AUaviak  bird 
Alcoran 
Ale  kingdom 
Alegria 
Alligators 
Ambergris 
A.iibozes  kingdom 
America  difcov^red 
A'l.imatioe 
Atiinas 
Angia   river 
i).  Andrewh  river 
An:gadit 
Angola 
Anfoy 
Angtiila 

Angui»a,  or  Augwina 
Amcan  village 
Animal  unknown 
Annohiiti   idand 
A"Jiko  kingdom 
Anta  kingdom 

Village 
Antelopes 
S.  Anthony  I'ort 
Town 

AxtigHa 

Ants 

Ape- tree 

Apes 

S.  Apolhnia  Cape 

Apples 

Aqua 

Aquada  river 

Ajuajfo 

Aquambot 

Ar.il>t 

Ardra  327, 

Habit  of  the  natives 

Polygamy  and  niatriagts 

Funerals 

Commodities 

King 


Page  147 
190 
ibid 

»47 

190 

188,  4^0 

'49 

181.447 

J  79,  446 

on    '77 

188,  436 

Turkip  Eni- 

701 

o     '77 

.  180,446 

190,  4J0 

449 
29 

63 
16 

30,  210 

3^ 

176,  446 

31,  199 
38S,  389 

'39 

663 

SIS 

4S0 
66i 

180,  446 

176 

28,487 

411,466 
4:9 
ifi 

21! 

149 
4C0 

6SS 

4bS 

31 
212 

147,  '4S 
200 
190 
139 

436 
188,190,447 

63 

34f,  346,  45-4 

.347 

Ibid. 

.34^ 
■uid. 

3P 


Soldiery 

Commerce  and  flaves 

Adminillration  of  jultice  and  religion 
Little  Ardra 
Arebo 
Arguim 
Arompo 

Arvaredo  river  < 

Aflis 
Ajfm.: 
Affmy 
Atlas 
Atti 
Audiences  had  by  the  Swedijh  minifter  at 

Porte 
Awerri 
A  wine 
Axint  kingdom 

River 


3f' 

ibid. 

34f 
360 

P? 
*H 
ttt 

Xi6 

m 

the 
711 

}# 

149 


B. 


I'f, 


lAboons 
BjJ/'a  village 
Bagnons 

Baixoi  de  S.  Anna 
Bmale 
Banana 
Bjndy 

Banque  river 
Baoel  kingdom 

Bjrbcidtei 

das  Barbrii  river 

Barb:cins  kingdom 

Barbudi  ifland 

S.  Bartholomew 

Baye  d-    fra«ee 

Beans 

Beavers 

Bees 

Wax 
Bekia  ifland 
Belli  Town 
Belly,  the  name  of  a  religious  fociety  in  Souih- 


212 

■if 

lOJ 

3» 

32,  201 

380,  4j8, 460 

106 

16 

140 

t6 

66t 

2  J,  99 

198,  329 

487 

221,487 

3S0 


Guinea 
Benguella 
Benin 

Courfe  to  it 

River  delcribed 

Kini;dom 

Pro  dud 

Trade 

Goods  imported  and  exported 

Markets 

Habit  of  the  natives 

Marriages  and  Polygamy 

Circnmcifion 

Handicrafts,  diet,  priefts,  phyficians 

Funerals 

Inheritance 

Ciovernment 

King's  prerogative 


8U 


jot 
4f4 

m 

■>S7 
V? 
361 
ibid. 
36a 

3^3 
3<Sf 

ibid. 
365 
ibH* 

368 


Revenue 


% 


''I 


Hi  ' 


wM 


If 


h 


mm 

km 


R*v«nuo,  warn,  army 
itppcan'iig  nbriKid 
Audience  to  Europeaiti 
■"     iJmfal 

Eiithrdiiinf; 
RluliiMl  inllrumcnts 
Punilluncut  ^ 

Truils 
Religion 

S.  Bento  river 

BtrOy  village 

BtrmuJ.li 

ZHiuta  kingdom 

BDlagi)h-iti:e 

Birds  of  tht  gold  coirt 
Nclts  ciiriouny  lurmM 

B'ffo'  iflands 

Biiiry-trce 

Bitterns 

Blacltfmitlis  of  Nigriiia 

Bosre  village 

Wild  Boars 

Bottrot  village 

Batuinda  rivtr 

Buli'j  town 

Bommd  iiland 

B'Wde-trec 

Bondou-tTce 

Bairgia-nec 

Bomoe 

Bofu  village 

Borba  river 

Boroa  river 

Dorfalo  kingdom 
River 
King 

Boulm  kingdom 
Brak  kiiiu;  of  Senega 
Brtnca  ifland 
Branto  cape 
Brezalme  river 
Buccaneers 
Butfiilocs 
Bmramoi  iflands 
Burrawtice 
Byiurt-towii 

C. 

CMinJe 
Cabra  idand 
Cachto  town 

Cahovar,  a  Ibrt  of  plumb  tree 
CtLbtr  town 

OldC*libar  river 
Goods  imported 
CaLitduri  (religious  luf'  ) 
New  Calbary 

Trade  of  llaves 
Money,  canoes 
Catnaiuite's  river 
<  ;am-wcod 
'.  'unieleoii 
l.anii/t.t 

Camay  illands 
Canots 

Cantor  kingdom 
6'<<^»/-trec 
CJfrar-  • 
Caruche  idjnd 
Caribhe,-  illaiiJl 
i^aj'peria 
C^iljabi  bread 
Cajfan  , 
L'aJ'.iK^as  people 


Index  to  the  Fifth  Volume. 


.37? 

ibid. 

371 

ibid. 

371 
ibid. 

373 

324 
3S7 
«39 
663 
S6 
112 

.      '^* 

112 

2t8 

210, 393 

^..,4^3 

^7 
483 
112 

'«3 

il2 
188,  190 

«47 

ibid. 
t6 

76 

97 


S.  Catharine  cape 

Civet 
Wild 

Ceatiiria 

Ccrbeto  u^xt 

Cbamafdan  river 

Cbilongo 

China  idol 

Chitole 

H-Chriftophtr 

Cigarras 

Cilia  t^iiitdiicb 

S.  C>7rfr«  cape 

C/i/y  /o«  KgUJJy 

Cobra  river 
Cocks 
Coco-tttes 
Co/ J  fruit 

CommenUo  kingdom 
Conception  i/land 
Cowfo 

Cunjlaxtinople,    a  relation 
giving    an   account   ot 


46S 
4t(5 

ill 

rt3.  fj« 

•-6,  4i<> 

43-1 

47>3 
84,  6s 

y6.j 

111 

lie. 

2J7 

204 
101,113,409,    See  A'-/,,. 

'H.  435 

6of 

■  .       45i ,  5-02 

01    a  jouriity  to  if, 

diverfe    occurrences 


i»      "f?     — ^'.*    *'•    "i»'.ii\,    «-*LLiii reuses 

there,  and  the  (late  o{  the  Ttiritiflj  Atonarchy 


*' 


Ji9 

1^9.393.486 

82 

112 


404 
83 

22 

380,461 

382 

383.  465- 
61 

379,41," 

3!' 
382 

386 

39<> 

I  214 

^3 
190 

4« 

76 
20y 

89 
641 

401 

2t 


CoHraedibHrg  fort  at  yi//»« 

Convtrfation  in  Twhjh  court  by  figns 

Corifto  iiland 

Cormcntin 

Corn-caters 

CTor/i  cape 

Caftle 

River 
Cato  kingdom 
Cotofet  country 
Cotton 
Coufcous 
Crants 

Crevccorur  fort 
Crocodiles 
Crook-bills 
Crown-bird 
Cuba  ifland 


D. 


071 

69r 
3bi 
■77 

2lS 

I6S,  44:; 
169 
III 

311 

4fi 

3i,  loi 

21S 
xtO 

xii 

607 


114 


D/^«'/Z/  fort 
Deer 
La  Dcffeada  iflands 
Devil  wotfliipped 
Diabohs 
Diikiefto 
Diiifo  country 

Dinkira 
Dogs 

Z)»»>^of^-iree 

Damiaica  ifland 

S.  Dominick'i  river 

S.  Domingo  river 

Dongalitree 

Dongu  kingdom 

Dony  town 

Dorro  bird 

Z)ro<:  village 

Drityn  I'itry  village 

Ducks 

Dnuh,  thcirabfoliite  authority  at /^a;'»» 

Voyages  to  Giiiitea 

I3eliavioJr  there 
Diinitra 
Diiy-ttce 

JL^   J'.ating    alter  a   flovenly  manner  among 
the  Blacks  ^% 

Elephams 


»?* 
21 1 

s» 

433 
-    ¥>J 

lb9,449 
216, 4bo 

01,  !>2 

38* 

^If 

217 
ISO 

Kifj 

44? 

i  12 


'M. 


4<SB 
1)6 

no,  487 
ai[ 

f  1).  fjy 

j6o 
6f6 
ait 
114 

«^ 

201 

SceK'J.,. 

'H.  45'S 

6of 

4S1,  fOl 

J  joiiriay  to  ir, 
k  occurrences 
r!ii/lj  Monarchy 


409. 


figns 


t  /ixii 


Ifl 

16S,  443 
Ut 

•}$■« 

32, 20J 

tSi 
2td 
i(S 
aid 
«<•> 

17a 
III 
fij-i 

-,.  -   3> 

189,449 
216,4^0 

Si,  b2 

'I? 

y 

217 

t  IJO 


164 

lid 

449 

lia 


ii8 
n.tiiner  among 

Eltpliaiits 


'7y, 


Elephants 
Teeth 
£/j//.i((  fieldi 
Capt  EmauHel 
Kniduktira 

Enxtijh  ambafladot's  aflllh'ng  the 

voy 
EMVoeri 
E'/uea 
Ejiyrm  bay 
Ethiopia  the  lower 
S.  Eh/lacbius 
Emuh  (a  great  lake) 


I^ASory  of  the  French  in  the  t'wetSiueg.i  18 
In  the  ilbnd  Goerte  21 

At  Porto  d'Ali 

Rivet  Gamiia 

Fida 

Of  the  EngliJI)  at  Sherbra 
Famine 

Famin  country 
Fautu:i  bird 
f<j»-;»»  town 
Fermofa  ifland 
Fernt'ifo  river 
Ftrnandina  Ifland 
Fernando  Po  illund 
Ferro 

/■»/;<  .6«-trec 
/^«'j/o  fiOi 
^"«(  kingdom 
/•/Va  • 

Behaviour  of  the  natives 

Habit 

Wives  and  Children 

Inheritance 

King 

Revenues  of  the  crown 

King's  wives 

King's  death 

Not  good  Ibldiers 

Weapons 

AdminiQration  of  jufticc 

Contrails 

Funerals 

Money 

Acconipts 

Language 

Religion 
Fifli  of  the  gold  co.ift 

At  Fida 

Flying 

Strange 
I'iOiermeii  in  NigritU 
FoRsunwholcfom  on  the  gold  coaft 


Index  (0  the  fifth  Volume, 


Foil  town 

Folgias,  a  people  of  Sout/j  Guinea 

Fundykong  -tree 

Forcado  river 

Foules  kingdom 

King  Sillatui 
Fowl  tame  and  wild 
Frederickiburgh 
French  difcoverers  of  Guinea 
Frejlo  or  Frcjh  river 
F'rogs 

Fuerti  Fi:Btura 
funerals  of  the  BUcb 


io'5,  393MSf     GaAVw  idand 
48, 93  River 

33      Gambia  river 
20     Gamboas  river 
23      Garwni  village 
4S6      Gazello 
SweJiJj  cii-     Gehjc.    Scejalofit.  ' 

687      Gtltchoa 

4S(j     S.  Georg^i  callleat  Min^ 
190     Gin^fr 
38S     Cioa"ts 
4*58      Giierea  id  and 
661  'J'akeii  by  the  Engli/j 

26  Kc-taken  by  the  Fie«(.i 

Gold  coad 

Jts  fi.afons  and  unliealthincfs 
Gold  trade 
Minis 

Several  forts  of  gold 
Fuliitying  of  gold 
flow  to  difcovct  falfc  gold 
Coif'/  Frio 
Go/Kern 
Gotton 
Government  of  Nigritia 

Goy 

Coyavi  village 

Grace  river 

Graciofa 

Grampulfes 

OranadilU    itiaiid 

Grande  river 

^"i?'  or  Charms 

Gro'Wa  village 

Guadalupe  illaild 

Guaffo  town 

Gmalal.t 

Gmarda  lake 

Gnard  of  dogs 

Guiana 

Guinala  kingdom 

Guinea  fatal   to  Europeans 

Scafon  to  fail  for  it 
Gkiriots 
Guni  Arabic 
GuDKgain  village 

H. 

HMmtis,  a  great  mountain 
Hares 
Harmatans 
Hens 
Herons 

Heydukt,  their  number 
Hides 
Hierra 
Hippopotami 
Hijpanioln 
Hondn 

^'■'quella-tTce 
inorfis 

Honour  paid  to  them 
La  Hou  cape 
Hauguriaas  defcrib'd 
Hurricanes 


13 

74 

3iJ 

107 

33 
446 

116 
84 
86,  9.3,  399 

606 
399 
PJ- 
89 
223 
l6!i 

.  4J'3 
330 
33* 

Ibid. 


323 


GAhoH  river 
Ga^o  kingdom 
Gala-vy 


6. 


333 
Ibid. 

535- 

336 
ibid, 
ibid. 

338 

/*;;/. 
ibid. 

339 

Ibid. 

340 
146,222 

330 
227 

30 

41 
193 

379,  3«o 
122 

"I 

376 

2f.  17 
J'? 

^17,3^9,330 
172 
160 
22 
221 
5-i4 


3S7,  390 
189 
III 


J/^a;a-trce 
'jaboe 
jabs  country 
"jackals 

j'Mrw  town 
Jalofes,  their  country 

Their  king 

Kingdom 


1. 


6S0 
214 
»93 
a'7 
ibU. 

48 

009, 624 

111,123 

112 

216 

6i 

140 

676 
J-77 


37*5 

^« 

209 

479 

346 

If 

16 

26,27 
Jim 


11.11 1  ■ 


J 


Jdm  town  i. 

'Jamaica  difcovct'd 

Fort  James 

Jamei  iil.md 

Jcoi  ^ 

Iiiohi  I'nailHs 

Jtwi  ill  CijtiJlaHtinoflt  about  20000 

IgHam  truic 

^•a»(rd  kingdom  i  :     ■■ 

IncaffaH 

hcajfia  Iggina 

Indigo 

liifiuma 

Iiifoko  , 

Iiifefls 

Jut* 

S.  7eA«'s  river 

JoMwa  bird 

Ifabella  iflaiid  L  . 

//d^o  kingdom 

jW*»y  village  ,  .- 

Jiiala  kingdom 

Town 
jHrnotia 

Junk  river  ^  ■ 

Ivory  coad 
Jnyda 


KJcy-trce  i 

Kakjtou  fruit 
Kai'jugo  » 

Kampala  clilf 
/fiyor  kingdom 
Kine 
King-fifh 

Kingdoms  at  the  gold  cond 
Kings  of  the  gold  cualt  ele£led 
.    ;    Enthron'd 
•, ,      Their  revenues 

•  .   Polygamy 

Offiras 
,,'   VHiting 

•  .    Feafts 

V ,     Covetoufiiefs 
"      Wars 

Treaties 
Kites 

Kola  fruit  3'»I99' 

Kolach-ttee 
Komma  bird 
Konde  ^i.yai 

Kuahoe 


Index  to  the  fifth  Volume. 


74. 


8i 

631 


3*. 


699 

»'3 

187 
ibid. 
ibiJ. 

319 

433 
190 
120 

189,  4n 

43^  $■3" 
116 
606 
37f 

"47.419 
16 

14 
Jif 

no 

138, 430 

4^3 


112 

51 

4S0 

22 

16 

2lf 

28^,299 
286 
ibid. 

287 
290 

ibid. 
291 
292 

ibid. 


29a 
29S 


219 
See  Cola. 
112 
116 
III 
114 
190 


L. 


LabitM  kingdom 
Ladin^cour 
La  llic  cape 

LiK'fJ 

I.anzjrote 
Lii''by 
Loy  village 
h'te-Attirenna 
Lemon-trees 
Leopards 
S.  Leuiii  ifland 
LiahiT 
I/ions 
Lizards 
l.nonda  llland 
Li/unj^o-Mongo 
,  LaMi^iri 


140, 


bird 


1%S 

449 

430 

449 
524 
190 
1 86 
116 

^ 

18 

76 
486 
213 

f2l 

470 
470 


LocuHs 

Lope  CcMzahei  cape 

King  and  prince 

Towns  and  villages 

Natives 

Religion 
Lory  village  ^      ;j  v . 

M. 

iVl  Mahomet 
Mdhometan  tenets 
Four  fc£ls 

Maiz 
Alakoko 

MaligHette  cojft 
vWawo-trce 
Mtimu  river 
Mandaptaza  fruit 
Ma»di»ga  town 

Kingdom 
Maudiota  root 
Man-eater 
ManfroM  town 
C.ipc  MoMOtl 
M.uabouts 
Mirigaianle  ifland 
S.  Martin 
Miirtinifo 
Maffa  flttt'iiit 

Cape  A/^yJo 

Aiafaman  country 

^<>/i.OT^.trces 

./>/<;//»  Fermofi  '..",  z. 

Mavah  river 

^<yow/;(j  pott  •. . 

Meiborg 

Water-melons       ,  ,.  „  .,  ■ 

Menoih  river 

Mermaid 

Cape  Mefurado  ^, 

Mews 

Mice 

Millepedes 

Millc-tree 

Millet 

Mina 

Taken  by  the  Dutch 
I  Minia  (vaft  ferpent) 
Mitomba 
Mokifie 
Moko  territory 
Aiompa 
MonKeys 
Monferratt 
Cape  Monte 
Monte  del  Diablo 
Moors  of  Genehaa 
Morotco  emperor 
Mjfqmto  hawk 
Moucheron  illailds 
Monrec 
Mulattoet 


■j  •■; 


33 

39y 
39(S 

397 
398 

64f 


21S 

63 
64 

65- 

30,  32S 
486 

'3J- 
112 
14S 
22 
72 
i<i3 
401 
214 

•7i.  44f 

20 

60 

623,  6f  I 

66i 

S-o,  S7h  64$ 

J3« 

i3 

498 

.■■.     % 

i. .        109 

1;...       468 
67 
360 

•  .','        204 
109 

5-'7 
io<> 
21S 
216 

221 
112 

40, 197,  319 

1/6,  442 
16  f 

380 
188 
488 
6y4 
108 
180 
46 

7^ 
499 
389 

174 


212, 


N. 


Najjavj  fort  174 

Naiikony-(ri:e  112 

^'i/".?'  (a  female fociety  of  Som/j-Guinea)    1 26 
Mft"*-'  641)645" 

A^i^B  village  ^  137 


i 


33 

39(5 

iOiJ. 

397 

398 

«f4 
6|j- 


63 
64 
6f 

'3J- 
III 

M« 
21 

7» 
1 63 
401 
214 

•7ii44f 
20 

623,  6f  1 

r70i  ;7i.  641 

13 

49« 

471 
83 

i  100 

■;;..         468 

67 

360 

204 

109 

^7 
109 
Z18 
216 
.  Ut 
ttl 

40,197,319 
Ij6,  442 

II 


i 


212, 483 

loS 

180 

46 


389 

»74 


3t 

>74 

112 

h-GuiHta)     126 

642,64? 


^ 


Nigtr  river  ,    ,  _  yo 

Niirltia  or  Nortb-GntHia  1  y 

M/r  91 

JSTiiiK*  kingdom  liij' 

N'varia  5-24 

KtmfatM  31 

O. 

OD;fr»«  .f  i'  ;          44* 

O^-^e  (capital  of  B.r«M« )  3)-S 

0*</o*-  376 

Offra  346 

0/«*a«4  river  and  bay  /      394 

Ooegwa  town  160 

OpeioJus  fluviut  :r28 

Omnge-trces                   j  ,    ... 
Oftrich  feathers 
Ouro  river 

OuvDert  or  Ovt/tM  kingdom,  its  (ituution, 
iropulis,  climate 


Index  to  the  Fifth  Volume 


204 
49 

f27 

me- 

,,- -  .v<5 

Trade,  ptoduS,  natives,  king,  religion  377 


Coall 


Dtti  fy  Almas  cape 

1     Palma 
Palm-oil 
Palm-trees 
Palm-wine 
Palm  ifland 
Papal  fruit 
Papayes 
Paptis  Black* 
Parima  lalic 

Parroquets  -^i 

Parrois 

Partridges  » 

Peacocks 
Pedtat  tlvcr 
Pembo  territory 
Pepper 
Pttry  village 
FlicaCants 
i'ijjcons 
i'liiliidot 
Pii  jsuas 

P,.r  ^     .. 

Piiiiiires 

PUiitans 

i'luvialia 

Plyvge  river 

Pokhc 

Pomegranates 

Pongo  illands 

Little  Popo  ■   ■ 

Great  Popo 

PofcHpint  '■"..'- 

Porpoife 

Porto  d'Ali 

Kuvo 
Periu'uezf,  tiicir  trade  at  Gamlh 

Difcovetcrs  of  Guinea 
Potatoes 

Potters  in  Nigritia 
Povoafao  de  Brancos 
Power  of  the  TBrjti/j  empire  is  in 
the  Spahi's  and  Junizants         , 
Poyera  village 
Princes  illaild 
Puma  fireua 


37« 


137 
1 1 2,  204 

JI,203 
fl,203 

4:0 

»77 

■5T,  200 

■        83 

j66 

220 

ibid. 

218,  487 

487 

m 

at* 
ikil 

19 

42 

470 

487 

201 

ihid. 

m 

m 

. .. .  ■  x<» 
390 

321,  4fi 

322,  4$'i 
114,214 

226 

23, 4^y 

5*3 
16: 

7  98,  329 
4t 

the  liands  uf 

<;93 
iy2 

399 

■'4 


„\ 


(^' 


Ualree-moHoui  (a  people  of  SuHth-Guinea) 

1:4 


tumy-lxct 
M*-tret 
Qyeefts 

^fonfaa  bird 
^iutalla  illuud 
^oja-berkoma  people 


TI2, 

118 

4S3 
III 


I'heir  policy,  reception   or  embalTadvJrs, 

favour  to  A'«K//iM».r,   fiipcrllltitins  about 

Ibiils  departed  and  ccremoniei  122 

SOuojits-MarroH  1 1  y 

(hiulma  lit 

^riyFon  -.  jgg 

R. 

RAiny  ftafon  dreaded  by  die  BUtkt  52,  2^7 

Jiamadan  ft  66 

Ruts  "' 

I-ield  V). 

Real  river  ,, . 

Sa  ta  Maria  Re dunJa  .,  -;.;^ 

Remora  "  . 


5  .*.■.'!!  -A 


;;»i^t 


Reptiles 

.^(Tv  river 

Rha  river 

Rice 

/J/9  Jf  Angra 

d'/ijuad.t 

Camaru»i;s 

Cerbera 

Corfu 

Permofa 

Frej'co 

toreadj 

Gabon 

de  la  Gratia 

Grande 

de  S.  Juan 

Junk 

Menoih 

do  Ouro 

de  S.  Paolo       .      /    . 

dis  Ptdras 

Real 

del  Ref 

Sejiro 

da  Folta 
Rivcr-horfcs 
Of  illands 
Rockfalt 
Roe-bucks 

Rolamt,  the  envoy  extraordinary  froir  the  king 
of  Sweden,  his  reception  and  audience  ol  thi 


216 
214 

4rf 
6r4 
227 

22U 

384 

!       Si 

197 

388,  389 

109 

3S6 
io6,  419 

lU 

3ff 

22 
376 

3S7 

24 

84  S9 

43'5,J-3i 
110 
10? 

109,  no 
94 

m 

319 

84 
4^7 


prince  of  U'allachia 

His  entry  into  Conftantinop!.- 
His  audience  of  the  vizir 

Rofas  illand 

Cape  Roxo 

Rufifco 

Ruy  Perez  cape 


S; 


SAba 
Saioe  kingdom 
Sabrebon  village 
Sacunde  village 
Sadlers  in  Ntgritia 
Salamanders 
Salt  hovT  made 
San  Salvador  illand 
Sama  village 
Sanglet 

SangtuiH  village 
Sanqujy 
Santa  CruK. 
Los  Smtos  illands 
Sapajen' 


S  X 


.<^/7 
ibid. 
6S1 

22 
■•^ 

662 

■  «3<S 
15-2 

42 
213 
20J' 
604 
>f3 

fo 
136 
190 
662 

6n 

SatgaJ/i, 


Index  to  the  Fifth  yolmtA 


•'I 


Sargajfo 
S»vi  town 
Sfti-Mews 
Stmega  river 

r,fmih  fadlorj 

Kitigdom 

Trade 

King  Urak 
Serpents 

ttflro  river 

fr/Fro  Crou  village 

t-ranj  Stjlro 

Siftma  village 

Sharks 

Sheep 

Shtrbro  river 

Sierra  Lcona 

StllaiUk  (king  of  the  /in/-/) 

.y<aia  village 

5/dt/*  coalt 

Slaves  how  made 

Sluggard 

Snakes 

Worlhip'd  at  F^da 
Snipes 
Stko  village 

Kingdom 
Sombrero 
S(/»go 

oorcerers  iHand 
Sowerabi/e  village 
Sparrows 

State  of  the  Ti<ri;//  empire 
Succundee 
Sugar-canes 
Sun-fifli 

Saperllition  of  the  Btacki 
Swallows 


316 

ii8 
16 
18 
If 

4^ 

f7 

H3.4S7 

JO 

128 

136 

>37 
136 
iif 
lis 
106,  419 
96, 428 

S7 
136 

S'9 
47 

213 

34t 

218 

182, 448 

3'9 
663 

493.  J03 

8y 

136 

218 

689 

434 

199 

499 

fi 

218 


Sweden,  the  king,  liis  letter  to  the  Graiul  Seig 
nior  688 

Swedtp  envoys,  return  intoChrillcndom      71; 
Swine  215' 

Swird-fifl)  22f 

T.  .     ; 


np/Ziaf  or  r<ii<tfoifland 

J       74**» 

Sf 

J'a*a  village 

«39 

faba  Dune  village 

ibid. 

Toforar)'  towo 

'fi)  433 

Tafoe 

190 

Taioe  village 

139 

Tawdr/W/ 

329 

Tambakumlia 

3* 

Tebbo  village 

>47 

r*<«fr/# 

y»4 

Theede 

Sif 

S.  Thtunu'i  ifland,  orSi.Tawe 

161,404,46? 

Thtuthes 

218 

Thunder  dreaded  by  the  fi/<wi(/ 

f2,3o6 

Toads 

321 

Toccaradee 

433 

Titf/otu-tree 
Tiwy  wine 

113 

.in 

Toiay  defctib'4 

S36 

Zomadttt 

ih  »9» 

45 


■  rtj 

'P.  431 

i>7 


Torrjr  country 

Trade  of  Niiriiia  In  gtneral 
Of  ihi;  T'rcnth  \n  particular 
At  CommtHdj 

Travellers  frozen  to  death 

Trees  wild 

Trc:  PoHtJt  cape 

Turkeys  ^,, 

Turki  intcrcft  with  refpciSl  10  EtigUtid,  Frmitt^ 
//i;//d»f/ and  other  nations  707 

The  Turki  value  their  emperors  for  their  cru- 
elty 690 

Turks  fcMom  cniploy'd  in  the  Iltagli*;,  aud  the 
rcafon  ..„  ,j  ,.^4i|i» 

Turkifh  tmpcror  at  age  at  17  ,''  . ."JB$\ 

Turkijh  empire  its  llrength  ^j 

Turkijh  belief  and  dottriae  ^oj'  &  feq. 

Turtle-doves  jn8 

Tygcri  209,  486 


VAnijui 
Cape  yerde 
S.  Fineent  ilbnd 
Vines 
FirfiHi  iflands 


10,  f  38 

64J 
wo 

/r?(»/  itlancts  .Vi#te: 

Ulkamy  kingdom  ^5* 

Vocabulary  of  the  principal  languages  of  G«Mr« 

413 

da  yoha  river  aia 

^^     ,  ■     »«. 

I'yberkoma  people  .  ,  .,m   .Ml' 

.'.,1 .  T. 

WAlcheren  ifland  643 

H'iilUibia,  one  of  the  fincft  countries  in 


678 
'3$ 


WafpoM  village 

Wars  of  the  Blackt 

Waaahs 

Weavers  in  Nigritia 

Whales 

ffiidah  4^3 

Witchcraft  of  the  B/ar/f/  yi 

Wives,  concubines  and  women  (laves  of  the 


emperors 

;r«fv 

Wolves 
Woodcocks 
Worms  in  the  flefli 
IVftoe  village 

704 

X. 

"'"'^'v 

"KT  Aver  IHI  S.  Fraiidt  fort 

,t.^ 

y. 

V     ./  - 

'Amt 


*~J^Ai»r* 


Zibr 


Zair  river 


<^* 


*97.3i9 


o    *33 

4-3»497 
486 


.Ui«- 


<!>}. 


w 

43 

43 

^TS 

7'3 

'P.  431 
217 

for  tncit  ciu- 

690 

i'^Wo,  and  the 

6v6 

701 

70J 

70J'  5c  leq. 

ii3 

209,  486 


18S 
643 

MO 
*^ 

agesofG«M«('<( 
4«3 

'  ■  ,'.•    -  MI 


643 

eft  countries  \a 
678 

\  ■'■''•         13$ 


4« 

n  flaves  of  the 

704 
114 


»97.3i9 


4^-3. 


J33 


fc?-