The general gazetteer, or, Compendious geographical dictionary [microform] : containing a description of the empires, kingdoms, states, provinces, cities, towns, forts, seas, harbours, rivers, lakes, mountains, capes &c. in the known world : with the extent, boundaries, and natural productions of each country ... and the remarkable events by which they have been distinguished : illustrated by eight maps

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fiMPIl

GENERAL GAZlIiriTEElRy' ^^ O

OU, tOMl'ENUlOUS

GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY.

roNTAININO

A iiKMcnirrioN ok tiii:

feMPIRRH, KIN(;i>0>lM. HTATKM, IMIOVIN* MS. nil K?», TOWNS, FOUT«,
MKAS, HAIIilOliUH, HIVLOIIH, l.AKKN, MOliMTAl.NH, (JAl'lIH, Jte.

IN TIIM

K N () W N W C) R L 0 ;

WITH TUM

CxTiNT, Bound All I E9, and Natuk al Phoductions of each Country \ the
GovRRNMKHT, Customs, Mannkki, .ind Rf.mcion of the Inhabitant! {
the Tk AUK, MANur Ac-URKs, and Cui< if)si tifs, of the Citici and Townif
with thcirLoNuiTUDKund La tituhk, Bkakino nnd Dutanck inEnglikh
Miles from important Places ) and the remarkable Events by which thcf
have* been diitingiiiUicd.

ILLUSTRATED BY EIOIIT MAPS.

AKIOINALI.V COMPII.KD

By R. BROOKES, M. D.

THE SIXTEENTH EDITION,

WITH VERY CONSinEnAllLR ADDITIONS AND IMPROVKMENTS, FROM TMK
REST AND MO.ST UECKNT AUTIIORITIKS,

LONDON:

PntNTED roR F. C. AND J. niVINGTON, O. WII.KIE, W. I.OWTIDES, DCATCnERU AN1»
IXTTKRM.VN, J. riTHBLI., J. NtNN, C. LAW, U>NOMAN, lltHNT, nBRH, RME, AND
BROnN, CAUICLL AND DAVIEM, R. CROHRV AND CO. CLARKE AND 80NR, J. AND A. ARCH,
NEWMAN ANUi'U. RLArK, PARIIY, AND CO. J. RIL'lIAUOHON, i. M. BICHARDSON,
LACKINOTON, AI.LKN, AND Co. R. H. KIRDY, R. OCnOLEY, T- II- nooailON, J. BOOTH,
R. RAI.DWIN, KIIEHWOOD, NKKLY, AND JONES, J MA1T.MAN, T. HAMILTON, Vf. BAVNEll,
.1. AHPERNE, T. TEtiU, CUAUOCK VND JOY, GALE, Cl'UTIM, AND EENNER, O. AND S.
ROBINHON, J. WALKKR AND CO, i. ROBINSON, WIL9UN AND SUN, YORK, AND CONSTABLB
AND CO. EDINDtRUII.

1815.

6

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V R i: !• A C K

TiiF scitMK'O (A" (M'ocjrapliv bi'Ini^ in !i ronstiuit stntc of
iinprovcuuMit, oitlu'r (iom now discoveriiN on tlu* j;lol»(% or
from llio in'w points of view in wliicli ohjoi'ts alioady known
may bo consiiloiTd, i\ work ol'tliis natnrc innst rccpiirc iVc-
qnont revision. Jn proportion as the spirit of enterprise
nnd pcrscvoranrc of resoart-li rontinno to exhibit !iew dis-
coveries, it is neti'ssary to apply with assichiity to the
varions sonrces of information, and to enrich this work by
nn inferc^stin^ seh'cti(»n ot'sneh objcTts as may claim atten-
tion, not merely from their novelty, but (Vom their import-
ance in a delineation of the world and the history ot' the
human race.

In the einfhth edition, published in 1 7^4, very considerable
additions and improvements were made. The division of
France into departments, instead of its ancient provinces ;
the transferment of the provinces of Poland to the domi-
nion of Russia, Austria, and Pruss^ia ; the new division of
the vast empire of Ilussia into ^governments ; the new ac-
quisitions in the tocography of the regions of llindoostan ;
the description of many cities, towns, lakes, and rivers, in
North America; with numerous im])ortant additions in
other foreign i)arts, were then introduced, for the first time,
into any work of this kind. The articles that were not in
the preceding edition amounted to considerably above a
tliousand ; and a great number of the others were either
newly written or greatly improved.

Since that time it has been the constant practice of the
editor to em'ith the subsequent editions by insertions from

a2

w

PREFACE.

9

every respectable publication, whence new geographical
and topographical information could be obtained ; and to
spare no pains to render this established work worthy of the
reputation it has acquired. That the public hav^ approved
of these exertions, is evinced by the rapid sale of several
large impressions ; and so great a demand is also a decisive
proof of its superiority to every other attempt of the kind.

The changeable state of territory that has lately been so
frequent, particuiiul^ in many parts of Europe, has caused
some perplexity in the account of several places; therefore
indulgence is craved for any error that may be discovered.
The ancient provinces of the original territory of France
are still retained for the illustration of former histories; and
the recent acquisitions of territory are particularised under
the article France ; but the different countries that have
been annexed, are described, in general, under their for-
mer aj)pellations j and also the countries which that govern-
ment erected into kingdoms, &c. These alterations of
territory are now likely to be settled in another and more
permanent state j for, in June last, the Bourbon family was
restored to the throne of France, and separate treaties of
peace signed at Paris with Austria, Russia, Prussia, and
Great Britain ; and plenipotentiaries from the principal
European powers are now assembled t Vienna, to regulate,
in general congress, the arrangements necessary for the
settlement o:

general peace.

\

Nov. 18 i 4.

1 1 V

^ TUFSC

tioii of al
scriptioti
and t(?i res
Tttovo\ry
which is a
respects, ,

^STROI

most rcino

lieet times.

Christ, wa

itary iiiotiu

some niort

that the ea

with other

a:^ is agreci

quiescent;

to the Eart

was called

Archiniedc

philosophy,

tian phUosi

adopted. '

verse, and 1

the cclestia

cient philos

Hippaschus

ages, till ha|

Copernicus,

The Sola

gnished froi

mense dista

reputed no ]

star is itself

planets, &c.

round their

cherished.

immensity ;

The Maps that accompany this xwrk arc, the World, placed hffore the Title,
and Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, East Indies,
and Wast Indies, placed before the respective Deicnptions.

As by the
utnqost extel
onl ^of the
comej;^. Of
which revoh
planeita, in t
the Earth, h

:< '> / J ( H J

)graphical
I ; and to
tliy of tlie
approved
of several
a decisive
the kind.

ily been so
lias caused
; therefore
liscovered.
of France
tories; and
ised under
that have
I' their for-
|iat govern-
rations of
and more
am ily was
treaties of
ussia, and
principal
0 regulate,
ry for the

Uii\i*

1

hn^

l>'»iiii. i<

'ore the Title t
East Indies,

i

» Moilliat i<>1mi I> MII«|

/'

A 1(1

')t *'|l!n.ij .»»•

INTRODUCTION.

» i;. j/Kfl

XnR sciqnco wliicli treat? ofthe construction, lignrc, dispositi.m, nnd rela-
tion of Jill thy parts ol'tlie iverse, is called CosMociUAiMcv ; tliat in a de-
scription of tho world: anil us the universe in represtMited by the celestial
and terrestriid globes, co'^mography has two principal parts ; namely, As-
TRONOuy, which is the science of the celestial botlios; and (ip.oiiKArHTf
which is a description of the Earth. As these two scitnccs have, in many
respects, a necessary connection, we shall take a cursory view of each.

Of the Universe.

\sTRONOMY is a scicncc which has been the study and admiration of the
most remote ages. The true system of the universe was known in the ear-
liest times. Pythagoras in particular, who tlourished near .500 years before
Christ, was undoubtedly acquainted with the present doctrine of the plane-
tary motions, which he is supposed to have learned during his residence with
s.ome more enlightened nations in the east. His disciples not only taught,
that the earth had a diurnal motion on its own axis, and annually revolved,
with otiier planets round the Sun, hut gave such un account of the comets
as is agreeable to modern discoveries. The heavens and stars they supposed
quiescent; and their apparent diurnal motion from cast to west was imputed
to the Earth's motion from west to east. Hence this doctrine, for many ages,
was called the Pythagorean System. It was followed by Philolaus, Plato,
Archimedes, and others, but lost during the prevalence of the Peripatetic
philosophy, when tho Ptolemaic System (so called from Ptolemy, an Egyp-
tian philosopher, who lived about 138 years after Christ) was universal]^
adopted. I'his system supposes tho earth at rest in the centre of the uni-
verse, and that the heavens revolve round it from end to west, carrying all
the celestial bodies along with them, in twenty-four hours. Among the an-
cient philosophers, the principal asserters of this system were Aristotle and
Hippa.chus. Being consonant to appearances, it was adhered to for many
ages, till happily, in the year 1 5:30, the true system was revived by Nicolauf
Copernicus, a native of Thorn, in Western Prussia.

The Salary or Planetari/ System, should, in strict propriety, be distin-
guished from the St/stem of the Universe: for the fixed stars, from their im-
mense distance, and the little relation they seem to bear to our globe, are
reputed no part of the former. It is highly probable, indeed, that each fixed
star is itself a sun, and the centre of a particular system, surrounded by
planets, &c. which, at different distances, and in different periods, revolve
round their respective suns, by which they are enlightened, warmed, and
cherished. Hence we have a very magnificent idea of the universe, and its
immensity ; and hence also arises a kind of system of systems.

Of the Solar System.

As by the universe is to be understood the whole frame of nature, to t::e
utnrjost exteht of the creation ; so by the solar system is meant that portityi
onl'- of the universe which comprehends the Sun, planets, satellites, and
come|;^. Of this system the Sun is the centre ; and there are seven planets
which revolve round him, each in its path or orbit. The names of these
planets, in the order of their distance from the Sun, are Mercury, Venus,
the Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the Georgian. The first two, because

VI

INTKODl'CTION.

i\\cy move within tlic orbit of the Riuth, are culled iiirciioi plaintb; and tho
hist four, on account of their moving witliout that orbit, ure culled superior
planets*.

The Sun.

The Sox, the centre of our system, the parent of tiic scnsons, nnd " groat
dclej/nted source of light and life," is in the form ofn splieroid, higher und'.r
the equator than about the poles. His diameter is 703,000 miles ; and hid
sftlid bulk is ainilli»)noftime.-i larger than that if the Karth. This luminary
was generally considered by the ancients as a globe of pure fire; but from a
number of macula:, or dark spots, whiclvby means of a telescope, may bo
peen on different parts of his surface, tliis opinion appears to have been illi
founded. These j pots are supposed to be large excavations in the body of
the Sun. Their motion is from east to west : and as they are observed to
move quicker when they ure near the central regions, it follows that the Sun
nmst be a spherical body, and revolve on his axis. The time jn which he
performs this revolution is twenty-five days and six hours,

The Planets.

Tiie planets are all opaque spherical bodies, and have no light of their
own, but shine by means of that borrowed l^;ht which they receive from the
Sun; it being ascertained, from telescopical observations, that only that side
of the planets which is turned toward the sun is ever enlightened; while the
opposite side, which the solar rays cannot reach, remains constantly dark.
From the regular appearance and disappearance of several remarkable dark
spots, which, by means of a telescope, arc constantly to be seen on their
bodies, it may be demonstrated, that each has such a motion round its axis,
as corresponds with the diurnal rotation of the Earth ; and from their seem-
ing sometimes to be stationary, and at other times retrograde, it is equally
certain, that they nuist have such a progressive motion round the Sun as
answers to the annual revolution of the Earth in its orbit. As the Earth,
moreover, is similar to the other six planets, it may reasonably be concluded
by analogy, that they must be designed for the same purposes, although,
from their different proportions of heat and cold, it is not credible that beings
of our make and temperament could live upon all of them. We now proceed
to the consideration of each planet in particular.

1 . Meucuiiy, the nearest planet to the Sun, revolves round that luminary
in about eighty-seven days and twenty-three hours, or little less than three
of our months, which is the length of his year. Being seldom seen, however,
on account of his proximity to the Sun, and no spots appearing on his disk,
the time of his rotation on his axis, or the length of his days and nights, is
unknown. His distance from the Sun is 3(3,841,000 miles: his diameter
3,100 ; and in his annual revolution round the Sun, he moves at the rate of
J 05,000 miles an hour. These calculations, as well as those of the other
planets which follow, are founded on astronomical observations made on the

* Four other planets have been discovered in the present century, whose orbits are
between those of Mars and Jupiter, but they arp of such inconsiderable size, the largest
being much inferior to our Moon, that the term asieividcs has been applied to '.hem ; and
they require glasses of a high magnifying power to sliow them distinctly. The first, and
largest, was discovered by M. Plazzi, at Palermo, January 1, 1801, and is called Ceres:
its diameter is estimated at I2U0 miles, and its distance from tlie Sun above 250 millions
of miles. The second was discovered by Dr. Olher-;, at Bremen, March 28, 1802, and
Is named Pallas : the third, discovered by M. Harding at Lilienthal, near Bremen, Sep-
tember '. , 1804, is called Jvno : and the fourth, discovered by Dr. Gibers, March 29,
J8()7, U named Ve»t». , f

\

transit
vie well
or upj)l

can.

i, niul " groat
hi*,'!!!'!' under
lilos ; and his
"his Iinuinary
e ; but from a
L'ope, may bo
liuvo been \\U
w the body of
L! observed to
« that the Sun
in which he

id
s
b

cs.

h'ght of their
eive from the
only that side
ed; while the
nstantly dark,
narkable dark
seen on their
^ound its axis,
their seem-
it is equally
the Sun as
the Earth,
)e concluded
although,
e that beings
now proceed

that luminary
ss than three
Jen, however,
g on his disk,
ights, is
his diameter
at the rate of
of the other
made on the

hose orbits are
size, the largest
d to '.hem; and

The first, and
is called Ceres:
tve 250 millions
h 28, 1802, and

Bremen, Sep-
ers, March 29^

INTRODUCTTOK.

VII

':

I

transit of Venus owv the Sun, in tlio yenr l/O'l. Mnrury "^oonis, whin
viewed in dirt'erent positions, with a good telescope, to have all the pli.ise*
or appearances of the M<)on,e\c\pt that he t:in, ai nolime, l)i'sc<'ii ciitiri;ly
round, or (;iiite full ; because his enlif.;hleiu.d side is never turned diiectly
toward ns, hut when he is so near the Sun as to be hid in iiis beams.

2. Vknus, which is the brighter, and in ippearanee the largest, of all the
planets, is 0"8,8()I,Ot)O miles irom the Sun, and, by moving at the rate of
76.000 miles aa hour, completes her annual revolution in :i24 days and se-
venteen hour*, or about seven months and a half. Her diameter is 7,860
miles, and her diurnal rotation on her axis is performed in twenty-tliree
liouis and twenty-two minutes. When this planet appears to the west of the
Sun, she rises before him in the morning, and is called a morning star;
and when she appears to the east of that luminary, she shines in the even-
ing, and is called the evening star. She is in each situation, alternately, for
about 290 days ; and during the whole of her revolution, appears, through
a telescope, to have the various phases of the Moon.

3. The Eauth is 95,173,000 miles distant from the Sun, and by moving
at the rate of 58,000 miles an hour, perforins its annual revolution in 365
days, five hours, and 4g minutes, which is the space of our year. This dis-
tance is so prodigious, that a cannon-ball which moves at the rate of about
eight miles in a minute, would be something more than twenty-two years and
a half in going from the Earth to the Sun ; and its motion, although 120
times swilter than that of a cannon-ball, is little more than half the velocity
of Mercury in his orbit. The diameter of the Earth is 7,970 miles; and as it
turns round its axis every twenty-four hours, from west to east, it occasions
an apparent motion of all the heavenly bodies from east to west, in the same
time. The line which it describes in its annual motion is called the eeliptic,
and proceeds from west to east, according to the order of the signs of the
zodiac. This motion is the cause of the dittbrent seasons of spring, summer,
autumn, and winter, and consequently of the diirorciit length of day and night
in these seasons. In its progress through the ecliptic, the Earth every where
keeps its axis in a situation parallel to itself, and equally .inclined to the plane
of the ecliptic, in an angle of about twenty-three degrees and a half. The
rotation of the earth on its axis in twenty -four hours, makes it day in those
partswhich are turned toward the Sun, and night in thepartswhich are turned
from him. That the Earth is of a spherical figure, nearly resembling that of
a globe, is evident from the voyages of several celebrated circumnavigators,
and particularly commodore Anson, who, by steering continually westward,
arrived, at length, at the place whence he departed ; which could never have
happened, had the Earth been of any other than a spherical figure. This
form is also evident from the circular appearance of the sea itself, and the
circumsiances which attend large objects when seen at a distance on its sur-
face ; for, when a ship is sailing from the shore, we first lose sight of the hull,
afterward of the rigging, and, at last, discern the top of the mast only: thia
is evidently occasioned by the convexity of the water between the eye and
the object; for, otherwise, the largest and most conspicuous part would be
visible the longest. Another proof of the globular form of the Earth is taken
from its shadow on the face of the Moon, in the time of an eclipse ;for, as the
Moon has no light but what she receives from the Sun, and the Earth being
interposed between them, during the eclipse, the Moon must be obscured,
either totally or in part. And since in every lunar eclipse which is not total,
the obscure part always appears to be bounded by a circular line, the Earth
itself must be spherical ; it being evident, that nothing but a spherical body
can, in all situations, cast a circular shadow. The unevenness of the surface
of the Earth, caused by mountains and valleys, does not afford an objectioa

4 ■

VHI'

INTnOBUCIilON.

to iu b«ii|iK vaiuikluciiilas u cit'CMlarluxiv ; for the most lofty mountuiiu^ bt'ur
Ie8» proportion to U)u vast uuigoiMultf oi tliu lilartli, ttiun tliu ttmull rising! oii
tlio coat of an oranutj doi to th«i oiangu ittitlf, or u gmio ofsund to an artifi-
cial globe of a-i^vA>»A^iaiuetc>r. Acconliiigly, wo find that tlio^o tritliiigpro-
tubeianccs oicusioo no irregularities in theBhudou' of the Eurth, during tho
tiiueod'u lunar *;cli|>«c. On the contrary, its circmnference appears to be even
and rogulur, n^ if cA-st by a body perfectly globular. It has been demon*
strated, howevw, thiit tU*} earth is not a perfect globe. M. Hieh^r, in avoy^
ag« to Cayeuue, neai' the rqiiutor, in ioj'it found that the peiululimi of his
clock did iM)t umki^its vibrations so frequent iis in the latitude of Paris, and
that it was absolutely nec^'ssary to i»h^>rtxM) it by a line and a (juarter, a little
mere than the elcvqnth part of a Pari^ inch, in order to make it agree with
the times of the stars pa^ising the meridian. A pemluhmi, like any other fall-
ing body, is aoted upon by the force of gravity ; and, in consequence of
Richer'adiBCOvery,( which Iia* been since conHrmed by re[)eated experi-
ments) it was observed, that sinfue the g.avity of bodies is by so nuicli the
less powerful ns those bodiea are further removed from the centro of the
Earth, the region of t]>e equator must be absolutely much more elevated than
that of Franqe; and that, therefore, the.Hgure of the earth could not be that
of a sphere. Newton, antl Huygens were the first who perceivetl the exten-
sive apulicat^gi^tp^ivhich thiskdiscovery was capable; a^ d the first of these
greal.pi^ilosophers had before found, by n)atheuiatical calculations of the act
tion of gravity on a revolving sphere, that the earth must be flatted toward
the poles ; which hypothesis was fully confirmed by the mensuration of a de-
gree in Lapland ami France, from which it appeared that the polar diameter
of ^he earth is to tljc equatorial as 229 is to 2'JO; or that the regions of thu
equator are elevatejd.about thirty-five miles more than at those of the poles ;
and that the truejigure of the Earth, consequently, Avas that of an oblate
Bpheriod, or a I)ody nearly resembling an orange.

4. INIahs is distant from the Sim 14 5,01-1,000 miles. He moves at the rate
of 55,000 miles an hour, and completes his revolution round the Sun in little
less than two of our years. His diameter is5,l>'50 miles; and his diurnal ro-
tat[on on his axis is performed in twenty-four hours and thirty-nine minutes.
He sometimes apoears gibbous, but.nevor horned, Ijke the Moon: which
evidently demonstrates, that his orbit includes that of the Earth, and that
he shines not by any native light. This planet is diversified with spots like
the M«6h; and from his ruddy and obscure appearance, as well ns froni
other circViinstahces, it is concluded, that his atmosphere is nearly of the
same density with tha^ of the Earth. i i

5. JuiMTEK, t'h'e largest of all the 'planets, is distant from the Sm^
494,990,000 miles. He moves at the rate of 29,000 miles an hour, and com-
pletes his annual' ^evolution in something less than twelve of 6ur years. His
diameter is 94,100 miles; and, by a prodigious rapid motion on his axis, he
performs his dltirnol rotation in nine hours and fifty-six minutes. The tele-
scopic appearance of this planet aflFoixls a vast field for the curious inquirer.
It is surrounded by several faint substances, resembling bolts or bands, which
are parallel to the plane of its orbit. They are not regular or constant in
their appearance : for sometimes one only is to be seen, and sometimes five ;
and, in the latter case, two of them have ibeen known to disappear during the
time of observation. When their number is most co«isideral)}e, one or more
dark Bp6ts are fireqiiently formed between the belts^ whitih increase tiH the
whole is united ih one large dusky band^ Hhis^planet is also diversified with
a number of large spots, which are on the brightest parts of the surface; but,
like the belts, they are subject to various mutations, both inslheir figure and
period^. It haKlieqAconjec^red that tliese belts are seas, and that tl^esv /aria-*

I

Beside
planets, s
their mot
maries do
the four s
that atten
appearanc
by the ref

The M
conspicuo
progress t
en* motio
miles; he
times less
formed e>
evident fn
her montl
cern a ni
continent!
thesis of p
asperities
valleys an
she is a b

ituiiK4 bt'ur
risingi ou
) an nrtiB-
'iHiii^pro'
J u ring the
to be even
in dunion*
', in a voy-f
liuii of Ills
l*ari8, and
ur, a little
igi'ec with
other fall-
jucncu of
d cxperi-
nuidi the
tro of the
ated than
ot be that
he ex^en-
t of these
[)t' tiie ac^
id toward
I of a de*
diameter
ins of tho
lie poles ;
m oblate

the rate
in little
Lirnal ro-
minutes.
which
xm\ that
)ots like
s from
of the

ne Su!)
coni-
s. His
xis, he
le tele-
quirer,
which
tant in
sfive;
ng the
more
■ill the
with
;but,
eand
l/ari^-p

INTRODUCTION.

IX

tlguti obsci-vcd, both in them and the spot!*, are occasioned by tides, wliicli
\\rc. differently affecti'd, nccnrding to the position of his nmoitH. These
moons or «atollitei«, which are four in number, were discovered by (ialileo,
in iQio, Hoon after the invention of the telescope; but tbe belts were not
discovered till near twenty years after.

(). JSatuiin is p07,9'Jl)i(XK) miki from the Sun ; and, by travelling at the
rate ol' 22,001) miles an hour, performs his annual circuit round that luminary
in about twenty-nine antl a half of our years. His diameter \» 77,990 miles ;
and he is surrounded by belts, like Jupiter, by observations on which Dr,
Herschel determined, in January 1 794, that bis diurnal rotation is performed
in ten hours and sixteen minutes. Saturn is observed to be attended by
seven satellites. Of these, live were discovered in the 17th century; and
the other two were first observed by Dr. Hcrschel, in 1/88. A magnificent
luminous ring encompasses this planet, at such a distance, that several of
the stars may frenuently be seen between the inward surface of the ring and
the body of the planet ; its distance from which is equal to its breadth, which
is 21,000 miles. This ring was discovered by Huygens, about the year 1655,

7. The GEouorAN, the most remote planet in our system, had escaped the
ohservation of every astronomer, as a planet, till the l3th of March 178I,
when it was ascertained to be a planet by Mr. Herschel, at Bath, who gave
it the name of Gcorgium Sidiis^ as a mark of respect to Iii« present majesty.
J-'oreign astronomers, however, call it by the name of the discoverer. Its dis-
tance from the Sun is 1,816,455,000 miles, which is nineteen times greater
than that of the Earth. Its diameter is 35,220 miles; and it revolves round
the Sun, at the rate of 7000 miles an hour, in about 82 years. It shines with
a faint steady light, somewhat paler and fainter thj^n Jupiter ; but its appa-
rent diameter bein^^ only about four seconds, it can only be seen by the
naked eye in a clear n^ht, when thp Moon is absent. Six satellites attend-
ing upon it, have since been discovered.

The Secondary Planets,

Beside the primary planets there are eighteen others, called secondary ,
planets, satellites, or moons, which regard their primaries as centres of
their motions, and revolve round them in the same manner as those pri- ,
maries do round the Sun ; namely, the Moon, which attends our Earth ;
the four satellites of Jupiter ; the seven that belong to Saturn ; and the six
that attend the Georgian. From the continual change of their phases or
appearance?, it is evident that these also are opaque bodies, and shine only
by the reflection of the light which they receive from the Sun.

The Moon, which is the constant attendant of our globe, is the most
conspicuous of these satellites. She accompanies the Earth in its atmual
progress through the heavens, and revolves round it continually by a differ-
en* motion, in the space of a month. The diameter of the Moon is 2180
miles ; her distance from the Earth 240,000 miles ; and, in bulk, s'". is sixty
times less than the Earth. The rotation of the Moon on her a^is is per-
formed exactly in the same time that she moves once round the Earth, as is
evident from her always presenting the same face to us during the whole of
her monthly revolution. On viewmg the Moon w ith the naked eye, we dis-
cern a number of snots, which imagination naturally supposes to be seas,
continents, and the like; but on viewing her through a telescope, the hypo-
thesis of planetary worlds receives additional confirmation. Vast cavities and
asperities are observed upon various parts of her surface, exactly resembling
valleys and mountains; and every other appearance seems to indicate, that
she is a body of the same< nature with the Earth. Dr. Herschel, the supe^

9

X INTUOUUCTION.

riority of who»o teloscopHS i« util known, lias htatcil, in the IMilIosophical
Tran.suctidiiH for 17M7, liis ohscrvufi'xis on tlirtr ililli-n rl volcinios in tlit
Moon. Several nstionoincrs havt; p;iven cxncl ni;<{)> ol'lln Moon, with tho
ligiire of every spot, ns it uppeurs throituii the best teiescopex, distinguihliing
eiuh of them hy n proper niune. One of the most rein?ik«hle eircinn.Jtuneesi
attcndin}^ the Moon, is the continual change of lignre lo whicli 'n^v is sub-
ject; uhile that half of her which is towaal the Nun is illuminect, the other
half is (lark and invisible. Nence she disappears when she eome'< between
the Karth and the iSunj because her dark side is then toward ns. Wlien she
is gone somewhat forward, we see a little of her etilij;htened side, which still
increases to our view us she ailvances, until she comes t«» be opposite the Sun,
when her entire enlightened side is toward the fclarth, and she appears with
a full illumined orb, which we call the lull Moon ; her dark side beiiig then
turned away from tho Miirth. I'Voin the full she decreases j^raduallv as she
T.roceeds through the other half of her courbc; showing us less and less of
lier bright side, every day, till hernext change or conjunction with the Sun,
and then she disappears as before, 'i'hese diHerent appearances of the Moon,
\vhich we call her phasey, are sullicient to demonstrate, that she thines not
by any light of lier own ; for, otherwise, as her form is si)herical, we should
always behold her, like the Sun, with a full orb. There are other pheno-
mena of the Moon, the discussions of which, in this cursory view, would bo
too intricate to ailmit of a popular illustration. We shall, therefore, only
observe further, that of all the celestial orbs, this satellite, next to the Sun,
hai tl ^ most beneficial inHuence on our gl.obe. ll<»w cheerless and uncom-
fortable would be our nights, but for the constant returns of light, which this
our inseparable companion dis[)en..'.'3 in such agreeable vicisf.iuide ! How
highly useful are even her eclipses, in our astrononucal, geograi)hical,
and chronological computations ! How salutary is her attractive influence,
which swells the tides, perpetuates the regula- returns of ebb and flow, and
thus tends not only to preserve the liquid element itself from putrefaction,
but the surroi'.nding continents, in course, from infection and di:>case !

The Cornels.

Comets are solid opaque bodies, of different magnitudes, like the planets.
Their numb(!r is unknown; but they have been found to moveround the Sun,
and to cross the orbits of the planets in all manner of directions. They are
principally distinguished from the planets by a long transparent train or tail
of light, which extends fron? the side that is furthest from the Sun. 1'hu
orbits in which these vast bodies move are exceedingly long ovals, or very
eccentric ellipses, of such amazing circumferenceSj that in some part of their
circuit through the heavens they approach so near the Sun, as to be almost
vitrified by his beat, and then go off again into the regioms of infinite space,
to such immense distances, as to be totally deprived of the light and heat
which the rest of the planets receive from that luminary. The paths which
they describe, and the laws to which they are subject, have been explained
by Newton. Their revol. tions are governed throughout by the same law,
of describing equal areas in equal tines, which is known to regulate the
motions of all the other bodies in the system.

i

ihilr r.
with til
tcniplaj
struck
n'l-nt,

The Fixed Stars.

What a magnific .t idea of the Creator and his works is presented in this
account of the solar system I In the centre is placed the Sun, a stupendous
body of fire, around whose orb, the planets, satellites, and comets, perform

'Iiiiosophical
cinioM in tlic
><>ii, uitli tlio
istingtiihiiinu;
ircuiii.'tiitu'i's
ii xi'f ih sub-
ft, thf OtIuT
iic'^ hetwceii
>. When sIjo
1% which still
hifu the Sun,
ippears with
; hv-ing then
i'liiily a^ iihu
s and less of
ith the Sun,
)aheMoon,
C! tihines not
I, we should
ther j)heno-
V, would bo
lefore, only
to the Sun,
iind unconi-
, which this
iide ! How
ogiaphical,
influence,
jid How, and
itrelaction,
icase I

|lie planets.

d the Sun,

They are

ain or tail

jun. The

:•, or very

irt of their

Ibe almost

|ite space,

and heat

ths which

explained

[ame law,

lulate the

2d in this

bpendous

perform

INTROnUCTION. sl

llu'lr rovolutioivs with nn cxurlncss ;nd rcqularity which mu't Till the mind
with the nuHt »ul)liiiit' conceptions of tin ir divine origin. W Iio cun con-
tenjplute llie .iui{;mlnde'< nnd dirtiUic's of those \'aM. bi)di<'s and not O..'
struck with the womlei-H ot'Onniipotcncc ! Hut what must be our astonislu
ipcnt, wlicti inlornifMl, that this (;lori(»..s system is only ;i small part of the
luuversc, imd tli.it it it w<'re utterly annihilated, it would be niisHcd no more,
by an eye tlint conid take in llie whole crention, tlian a jjrain of sand on the
seashore. To ic'ni sonu' idea, th re'orc, lio\\ever iniperl'.'ct, of the extent
of the univ< rse, and the more clorions works of trealion, we niu^t extend
our views to thoie numerous and sjileudid orbs, which are extended far
beyond tlie bounds of our solar .sj^teni.

The lixed stars are distingui-ilu d from the planets by being more lumi-
nous, and by continually exliiluting tli;it appearance which we eill the
twinkling of the stars. This arises, probably, from tiwir appearing so ex-
tremely cniall, that the interposition of any very minute substaiuc (of nhich
there are many constantly iloating in our atnujsphere) deprives us of thu
sight ol" them ; but ns the interposed body instantly changes its place, wc
again see the star; and this riuceession l)eit\g perpetual, occasions tlie twink-
ling. Hut a more remarkable property of the hxed slins (and from which
they obtain their nante ) is their ir-v-m- clianging their situation with regard
to each other, as the planets do; for although the rotation of the Earth, on
its axis, occasions an apparent diurnal motion of the whole frame of the
heavens, in n contrary direction, yet any two tixe<l stars being observed, at
distant intervals of time, will always be found to preserve the same relative
position during the whole of this revolution.

The .'.ced stars are not placed in one concave surface, so as to be all equally
distant from us, but are so dispersed thrcu^h illimitahle space, that there
must be as great distance between any tv\o neighbouring stars, as there is
between the Sun and those which are the nearest to him. Were a spectator,
therefore, to be placed near any fixed star, he would consider that alone as a
real Sun, and the rest as so mawy luminous points, placed in the firmament
at equal distances from him. The stars which are the nearest to us seem the
largest, and are therefore called stars of tin; first magnitude, and so on as far
as the sixth, which includes all the stars that arc visible without a telescope;
and, since the invention of that instrument, their number is considered as
immense. Hut the immensity of their number i.s not alone worthy of admira-
tion : their immense distance from us, and from each other, must equally
exalt our ideas of the wonders of Omnipotence, and the inconceivable extent
of the creation. The nearest star to us, or that supposed to be such from
being the largest in appearance, is Sirius, or the dogstar; and the Earth, in
its revolution round the Sun, is ip5,00(),000 miles nearer to this star in one
part of its orbit, than in the opposite one ; and yet its magnitude appears
not to be in the least aHected by it. The distaiiCj of this star from the Sun
is computed to be above 32 millions of million.s of miles, whicii is further
than a cannon-ball would fly in seven millions oi" years.

The stars being at such immense distances from the Sun, cannot receive
from him so strong a light as they seem to posse.-..s nor cvon a degree of
brightness sufllicient to make them visible to us ; for his rays v.ould be so
dissipated before they could reach such remote objects, that they could
never be transnutted to our eyes, so as to render tlioye objects visible by
reflection. The stars, therefore, shine by their own native lustre, and, in
this respect, are totally difi'erent from the planets.

The vulgar and uninformed imagine, that all the stars were made only to
give a faint glimmering light to the inhabitants of this globe; although many
t>f these stars are so far from benefiting us, that they cannot be seen without

c

^

XII

INT ffODITCTION.

tr

u ttli-'stopc ; ami lljcrc iiro inimmeiabW othor.s which the oyt, even by tha
uiil t thut iiwtruuicut» can uuvcr rvacU. We hnw already iiili imtod, that
there is an incunceiv*bl« number of »um. »yiitemH, uiul worUN, iliitj>er«cd
throU|.5h inbnite t<|)uco 5 insoimich tliut our Holnr system, c(mi[)areil with tha
\s\uik, uppearH but ai an ut«>n», and in alimwt loRt in tlio iniinen«ity of tho
crcution. The (ieorgian phuiet, nuvcrtheleKH, revolves at the dUranco of
tth<»vc i,y(.H),UO0|tXK) niilt'H iVoni the »\w, and tionio ot'the conietH make ax-
cursioiik 01' many millions of niilett beyond thiv ; and vet, at tliat nftonitthinfr
diHtance, they an; incomparably nearer to Uie (Sun than to any other fixed
star ; a^ is eviduiiit from tlieir keeping cloar of the attraction of tine atara,
and returning periodically by virtuo of that of the Sun. It cannot bo
imagined, thevofore, that thu omnipotent Creator, who octs with infinite
wimonn, and never acts in vain, ahould have created so many glorious suniif
fitted for HO many impurtunt purpoueii, and plarcd ut such distances fVoin
each other, witJiout suitable objects sufficiently near thi.>ni to be bencfit«(4
by their influence. On tho contrary, it is reasonable to conclude, that they
wore created for thu same purposes with our Sun ; to btintow light, heat,
and vegetation, on u certain number of planets revolving round them. And
from analogy we may infer, that all these innumcrabiu systems are with
equal wisdont contrived for the acconmiodation of rational inhabitants!
|>erhapB of still higher ord#rs of intelligent beings, all capable, in the dift
ferent scales of existence, of a perpetual progr.ession in knowledge and
virtue, in perfection and felicity. , .,

>"t t<

r._L

ill!

mo'ii"'"' ' '•' • ' ■ ' ■ '
lnir,o,>K DESniUPTION of the ARTIFICIAL SPHERE.

On the convex part of the terrestrial globe, which k au artificial epliericul .
body, is represented the whole world, as it consists of land and wotsr. Tho
circumference of the globe is divided into 300 degrees, every degree con*
mining do. gcpgraphicul miles; conse(|uently the globe is 21,d00 such miles
round : but as these geographic miles are each about tig lu'iles and a half
I^qgliiih measure, the circuit of the globe is therefore 25,02 > English miles.
The circles represented on the globe are, 1 . The Equator, and the circles
parallel to itj 2. The Meridian, and the rest of the meridional lines; 3. Th«
Horizon; 4. The Ecliptic; 5. The twoTr«pics; and 6. The two Polar
Circle^.

The Mqualor, or Kquitioctiiilt is a great circle, ninety degrees distant from
the poles of the world, and so named, because it divides the world into two
equal parts ; that in which the arctic pole is found, i^: called the northern
half; and that in which the antarctic pole is placed, is the southern half. It
is divided into 3C'0 decrees, or 180 degrees east, arid the same west, vrom
the first meridian, winch on English, globes passes through London; and its
principal use is to show the longitude of any place east or west, from such'
first meridian. When the Sun is in this circle, there is an equality of days and
nights all over the world ; hence these points are called the equinoxes.

The Meridian is a great circle, supposed to pass through the poles of.
the world and those 01 the horizon, cutting the sphere into two equal parts,
the one oriental, and the other occidental. It also passes through the zenith
and nadir in every place, and cuts the horizon at right angles. It is called
the Meridian, because it marks half the space of time during which the Sun
and the stars appear above the horizon. As there is an infinite number of
zeniths and horizons, the number of Meridians is also infini^ ; for the M^*

rriViftJ

V "

.'vcn by ih«
imtod, thaf
, iliitperacd
L'd with the
iflity of tho
(iMtunce of
» make :)x»
iiftoniKliiiiff
uthur Hxeu
tJtu lUurt,
cunnot bo
ith infinite
r.'ou8 8unii>
iiux's from
! buncHt^
) that they
ight, heat,
hem. And
H arc with
huhituntst
ill the (lifT
ledge an4

pliericul
itsr. Thtj
;ree conv
uch miles
nd a half
sh miles,
c circles

3. The
■o Polar

INTilODUCTION. xili

/oil I IH- »:f I /I
ridlftn in ch.ingcil, nn wcl' an ihv zonith nnd horizon, every Mop we tako
toward the eaat or wiHt ; but it' wo [tAn» in a riuht line northward or south-
ward, we utill continue under the mune IMcridiim, though we consfimtly
chanfe the /.enith nnd hori/on. However, geojrniphers only reckon HrtO
Mtfridlnnn. which are rtU|»|>0Hed t«» jmus through every de^'ree of th«' enui-
noctial. It huH hren eu*<toniiu y lor i/e(»gia|ih('rH toe>.tiihnHh a Kirst Meridian;
tl.> .ifi^h thi« iH altogether arhitrnrys Ptolemy placed it at tin; inland of Ferro,
which \* the inosi western of the I'aniiricM ; hut the common nu lliod, nt
present, iu for every geoj-rnpher to make thi- Meridian of the capital of hit
ComUry the First Nleridiau ; and, accordin|,'ly, tlii« lonyitiides of this Die*'
tionary nre reckoned eawt or west from the Meridian of London or (Jreen*
wich. The use of the lirann Meridian of a jj;lohe, is to show when it is noon
or midnight at the pl;u-e to which it in applied; and hKso to fmd the latitude
of places, north or south, from the e(|uator. '" ' *

Thi' lu/iplic is a great circle, that «;utN the e(piator obliquely, and repre-
sents that patii in the heavens, which the Sun seems to describe by the
Earth's annual cor se lound it. It is divided into I'i partH, called Higni,
and each of those into 30 more, called degreis, corrcApcmdihg to the 12
months, and the days of the inimth.

The Horizon is a great circle that divides the world into two equal parts
or hemispheres, of which one ij superior and visible, nnd the other inferior
and invisible. When the Sun is above this circle it is then dav, and when
it is sunk 18 degrees beneath it, night then commences. I1us circle is of
ivood, and the brass meridian is enclosed therein with aM the rest of the
sphere : it is also immoveable, and on it are marked the degrees of the 13
signs of the ecliptic, aiul the days of the 12 months of the year.

The Tropics are two small circles parallel to tlie equinoctial, described by
the first pomts of the first degrees of the signs termed Cancer and Capricorn,
that is when they touch the ecliptic. They are distant from the equinoctial
very near 23 degrees and a half. The Sun describes these tropics about the
2i8t day-of Jime, and the 21st day of December. When he touclies the
Tropic of Cancer, he makes the longest day for the inhabitants between the
equator and the north pole; and when he comes to the beginning of Capri-
corn, be makes the longest day for the people between the equator and the
south pole. On the contrary, the s'lortest day to the former will be when
the Sun touches the Tropic of Capricorn, and to the latter when he comes
to the Tropic of Cancer. For this reason, those points are called the winter
and the summer Tropics, or the southern and northern ; and they are as it ;
were the two barriers, beyond which the Sun never passes. '•

The Polar Circles are distinguished by the names of the arctic and anta^c^- ^
tie, or the north and the south, and the circles parallel to the equinoctial,'
They are termed Polar, because they are near the poles of the world, bpinff
only 23 degrees and a half from each pole. ' .' '

The Map of the Worlds at the beginning of this book, represents fke
globe, taken out of its horizon, cut through, turned up, and squeezed flat.
The circles bounding the projection, represent the brass meridian ; and the
curve lines runnJ-'g across, at every 10 degrees, show the latitude, north or
south, from the equator. The top and bottom are the north and south poles;
and the curve lines uniting them are the other meridians on the globe, whidi
are drawn at efery 10 degrees on the equator, and show the longitude, east'
or west, from Ae meridian of Greenwicti or London. The equator or eoui-' '
noctial is the straight line running across the meridians exactly in the niiddie^'^
The tropics and polar circles are delineated at their proper distances on ^^cH '
(iiide toward the tiortb and Booth; > ...i\i.- - • ... . .. ^., :\\ uiu

'■ ] • 1 . c.;«t;/.LnjI/I lo ijU0iun adj ,'inoxnori Liia aiUurji

xly

INTKODIKTIOV.

O/'thf Xoneu

Till' /tt in ai-f Hvu Itnunl Kpuifa i>iionin|Nuutiti^ tittf globe, luul uru (liatli1<*
guiMhcd cliii'My by tlio lcni|K'r.<turo oltbc air. I'bi? torriil Zone contniiu nil
till' siHH'i' bitwccii rlic t«o tropiiM, anil i« no iiilltil from iln cxcishIvo liuat,
ihc bun Itt'ing vcrtiiai twiii- evi*. > >rar to nil tlult inliubil it. Tliis lircli; i*
uboiit 47 <li>^;roi'N broail. I'lii' t'v » tiMn|)t>ratt> 'Aotwn nrc nociilinl iVoni tliuir
lyin;; bcturrn (lie tui t-xtrinni'H o' liral and coKI, vi/,. butwi-cn llit' torriil
i^onc and flic (Vi^iil /imu'<«, tin' one bi'in^ lailctl llio NortluTii tt'in|ii'rali'
Zoni", and tin; otluT tin* S'- ••'••••ni tL'in|)c'i'ati' Zoni'. I'liiic iirc both 4.i tlc-
grci« liro.id. Ol'tlic „iil /oiivm, ibc onu hik tiin|mriMCM tbu iirclic or

noitli poll', and cxti'intri to tliu iliMtanci; oi* V3 digrcci* and » lialf i'roni it ;
and till- (itlictj llic aiitai'ctic ur •uuib poll-, to tlic mnxc dintuncu.

Oflfir Climalat,

A Climnlc U a mwcc of the Kartli con»i)»i.licndi'd between tu'o paraililn,
nt till end orHliii-li the len^'tli oftho lun^'i.-ist day^ arc inereaxed hall' an bom
in the Hiinnnir Hia>()n. The bett<M* to undor-iand this we must obNerve,
that under the etjuatoi- the lon;;e.<it day U no more than twelve hours, nnd
that in proportion a?- \\v. adv;uiee toward the polar eirele, the ihiys of each
cliinate ineivase halt' an hour, till we arrive at the polar eirele^ ; tur there
the longest d:iys consi.u oC 21 hours, 'riiiis there are 2-1 Climateji in nil, on
eneb side of tin; ecpiator. It is easy to know in what eliniate a city i«, by ob-
.-crvinp the longest (Uiy ; jis, for instanee, at London, where the ilays arc 1 6
hours long, \vc> need only subNtrael 12 from the number, and there will
roninin tour; ihcn multiply this by two, and you will have eight, which is
the Cliinate uf London. The itame may be done tor any other Climate.

Of the Points of the Compass,

The Farth may be considered, with regard to the four cardinal I'oints,
U'liich are the north, south, east, and went; and all the points included be-
tween them may have respii t to a pavtieular place. \\y this means we know
the situation of the ditferent countries of the world, with regard to each
other ; for !^)n)e are oriental or toward the east, with regard to those that
are occidental, or lie westerly of them. Thus Ireland is to the west of
England, J'oland is to the east of Gciinany, and Africa is to the south of
Europe. We may easily distinguish the points that lie between those that
are cardinal: thus, though Spain is to the south of France, yet if likewise
lies to the westward thereof; but as they do not lie exactly south or west
of each other, Sjiain may be said to lie southwest of France ; and for the
Mmc reason, on the contrary, France will be northeast with regard to Spain.
The like may be said of any two other countries.

()/' ihc Tcnus used in (Jeograph//,

The word (!io<r>'np/ii/ comes from the (ircek, and signifies a description of
the Earth, liy the l-larth is meant the terraqueous globe, composed of land
and water; and it is commonly called the terrestrial globe. Chorographi/ is
the description of a [larticular region, as a province or county. Topographif
is the description of a particular place, as a town and the like'. JIij(iro;^raphi/
in a description of the water, as oceans, seas, and lakes.

'i he Earth may be represented either in the wliole, or in part, by geo-
graphical charts or maps, which may be reduced to two kinds ; namely,

prnrrnl i\n|
iduninphet-j
liiMefeil 1)1
whicli de-ij

Hlld I'Vl-ll

be called ||
•nore prop!

tbrdithire i|

lliit noti

plohc, beej

make one

there i* a i|

(ieognul

•onie of \i ll

A Cuntii

not separ.it

An l»l(iii

A J'i'iin

neck ol' fhJ

|)eninsula «l

An h(/']

to the laiii

A Proni'l

inonly callil

\;inced parf

Hope is a i

An Oceai

8i()erablc ps

A .SV« is

a* the Medl

called the s

said to com

A Chanii

or between

A Ciut/i

it coimnuni

and yet th

and ilie IM

of \'enice.

A I>ai/ i

the entrun

has a wide

than some

acknowled

A Creek

A Jioad

where vesi

A Si rail

ix gulf; su

tween the

A La/ic

municntio

and prope

veral othe

INTUUDIICTIOM.

sv

art) (lUti'nt
untitiiu fill
"••ivo llUIlt,
lift ciri'lc i.i
Ironi tlivir
flu! torrid
U'm|K'rati'
>tli 43 (Ic-
! arclif or
f from it ;

pnrallcN,
li an lioui

oliNcrvc,
Durs, and
« of tncli
tor tlioru

in nil, on
iH, by ob-
ivsarc 1 6
Jiere will

winch is
mate.

I Points,
ulcd be-

c know
to cuch
ohc that
west ol"

>uth of
>se that

kewise
or west

or the

Spain,

tfon of

)f land

I/;//;/ is

>'(iplii/

laplitt

iiitJy,

I

prncrnl and pnrtiriilar. Anion;^ llii* formrr ia the map of \\\c world, or
ilaniitplii'rr, which whowa lliu two NurtiU'fH of the whole tcrreotriiil ;{loht>,
)ii)i'cffd liy thi* uii'ridi.ni piitNin^ through the cipiinoxeN ; \\% aUo tlie Mia|)4
nliicli do4i-nhi* humu' principal part of the ((lolu*, ttich an I'.nropc, or A»ia;
Hnd evi-n kin^iloniN, (ui Spain, or (irciit Ihitain. However, thoMC maps may
be called particular, which rrprevriit any piirticniur country; hut they aru
*«ore properly hiuIi which exhibit only a part, ax (iaiieiu in Spain, or Stuf*
IbrdMliire in I'ai^l.uid.

Hut nothing can f(ive u better or more uoneral idei of tlie I'nrth than n
plobc, beeaiue it i« of the Hinne i«hape anil fl^nrc ; vet ns it \* inipoNoiblu to
make one hir^e eiiuii^'h lo show every part of the liuid ami Mca distinctly,
there in a nei;eititity of having reeoiu'Me to ucneral and particular niap<(.

(ieo^'raphy, im well an other artn and sciences, has terniM proper tu itaelf;
•onie of nhiih have relation lo tlu> land, and others to tliu water.

A (vntiutiit ii a lar^^u part of land tliat comprehends several countrlci
not nepar.ited hy any sea : ihm lanopc is a continent.

An It/timJ, ov A./c, i* a portion ot'land entirely Kiirroimdrd hy water.

A Pniinsu/ii is a ipiantity of land that is jdincd to a continent oidy by a
neck uf the same, it bciii;; every nhere else eneinnpa^stied by water: an the
puninsiula of (!riinea.

An Istlnunx^ or neck of land, is (hut part by which a peninsula is joined
to the lainl ; as the isthmus of Darieii.

A Pri>nii)iitnrif\>\ a hifi:h part of laiul that projects into the se.i; it in eoni«
inonly calU'd u i!ape, when it appears like a mountain ; hut when the ad-
vanced part has little elevation, it is termed u Point: llnu the Cape of (iood
Hope JH a nnmntuinoe ' promontory.

An Ocean \» u lar^'c collection of waters bordering; or surrounding a con-
siderable part of a continent; such \\% the Atlantic and lndi;ni ()c(>ans.

A Sat is a funaller collection of waters, when understijoil in a strict sense,
a* the Mediterranean Sea; but, in general, every part of the ocean may bo
called the sea ; and it is still more generui, when '''c terra(pieou.s globe in
faid to consist ol'sea and laiul.

A Channel it» a narrow sea, conlined between n.i island and a continent,
or between two islaiulH ; as the English Chamiel aiu' St. (jeorge Chaimel.

A Ciul/"iH u part of the sea surrounded by lai\d, except in one part where
it communicules with the ocean; as the Gulf of IJengal, the (Jidf of Florida;
nnd yet these are more properly seas than the Mediterranean, the IJaliic,
aiul the niack Seas, which, properly speaking, are gulfs, a«i well us the (Julf
of" \'ci\ice.

A ISai/ is said lo differ iVotn n gulf oidy in being less, and more narrow at
the entrance than within ; but this in many instances is in)t true: for u bay
has a wider entrance in proportion than a gulf, and it may be also larger
than some gulfs; as, for instin ;e, the Bay of Biscay; though it nuiist be
acknowledged that bays in general are much smaller.

A Creek is a small inlet of the sea, and always nmch less than a bay.

A Jtoad is a place upon any coast where there is good anchorage, nnd
where vessels, in some sense, are sheltered from the wind.

A Sbait is a narrow passage which joins two seas, two gulfs, or a sea and
a gulf; such as ttj Sound, near the Baltic; and the Strait of Gibraltar, be-
tween the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

A Lake is a large expanse of water surrounded by land, having no com-
munication with the sea, except by a river. Thus the (aspian Sea is truly
and properly a lake. Smaller lakes are those of Ladoga, (lentv;!, and se-
veral others.

Ml

INTHOIXICirOI*.

a^

4

p!

'«

I

Detfr^/ilioH 11/ rt \trtp,

ITic lop ofmiwt mixlrrn Map U roniiilcnvl na ihr north, »hc hotinm f«
the «»u«li, llii" riylit hiimi ii« llu' i»wl, tuul tlir l«U hand ux the Hmi. In oltl
intp*, wiMrc thii riiU* i» not nlHuyt itrittly IoIIowimI, a Howi r ilr liur i« jri<.
livrally pluctMl on itouu' putt of it, poiniin^ lowiird thu iiiirlh, by which the
othiT point* iiri* t'Huily kiiovui.

On ihc top «»f' ihf niiip, hrtw«'«'n tlic uiiirjfhuil hia'«, arc pFucr<1 the xrvcrni
^\f^urvl^, whit 11 tlnmr thv number nl ili kiih-h oC ciuli'rn or Wf«ti'rn htngilmlr of
every pliico, ihut in «lin (tly iirnU i iIhmc liKuri'^, i'roni thi- tiriti nicritbtin,
which 111 mo«lt'rn Uriiinh nulpn ii» the royiil ohMTVutiiry at (irrfimiih, nfju-
Loiuior). At thi' bnttnni of nioMt nitipH iiru phictd thi* nuuic tl^iirt h uh thoao
•t thi* top: but ill iiiiipn of the boMt Nort, iiiMtiiul of th'^ni an' plactd the
numbor of houm or nunufc* ivory nhuc in it hi'>i dixtant, i'H«.t orwi^t, from

ita chief town or (imf iiKridiun. I or inntuiici", • very phuT which in lituuto
one di'grt'ti ua«t fVoni another, Mill appear to have the Sun /o/o ininutcrt of
time 6^'urr it ; ami any one phiec, Hitiiale one dej^ree went of aiiotlu-r, will
appear to have thr Sun/imr niinuteH of tinu> ii/ier it. A^ain, u place Mituato
mlecn deureei eai^t of (irecnwich, a« NaplcM, will appear to have the Sun
cnr conipKite hour lnj'orr u« at London ; and a place Hitiiate firtreii degree*
WTst of (ireenvvich, hh the ihland of Madeira, will appear to have the Sun
CMC hour (i/lrr un at London.

On the right and left hand of every map, lietwecii the marginal lines, aro
placed Hgurcfl that ithow the number of degreex, either iiortii or Houth lati-
tude, which every place parallel with them in distant from the equator. TliuB
London it lituute .)1 degrecH :k) minuter of north latitude ; that is, it is to
niJiny dcgreet and minutes north from the eipiulor. Over mo»t mups arO
drawn linei from the top to the bottom, and from the right hand to (he letl;
tho!*e which run from the top to the bottom are linex of longitude, and tho»e
wl. I'll ci'iiM them, lines of latitude; but tlicst* urc HomctiiiieH omitted, when
0 mnp lit too full to admit them.

Kntgdomt or jtroviiurs ore divided from cacli otiicr by u row of single

pointii, ond they are oHen stained with diH'erent colours. Ciliis or ^i rut

towns are mide like HUiall huuscii, with a little circle in the middle of them;

but smaller toxuns or vil/afrcs are marked only w ith little circles. Mountdint

arc imitated in the form of little rising hillockM; und/?>m/vare represented

by a number of little trees. The names lA'vUlaires are written in u running

hand, those o( tmvns in u Ronuui character, thoMC ofcilirs in Hniall capitals,

and thone of provinces in large capitals. The sea is generally h'ft as an

empty space on the map, except where there are rocks. Hands, or shelves,

currents of water or wind. Rncix are Hcnnethnes made in maps like little

pointed things sticking up sharp in the sea. Sands or shelves are denoted

by a great number of tittle points placed in the form of those snnds, as they

have been found to lie in the ocean, by sounding the depths. Currents of

tvatcr are described by several long parallel crooked stnrkes, imitating s

current. The course of tviuds is represented by arrows, with the heads

pointing out the directiou in whicn the wind blows. Srnu/l rivers are

described by a single curved line representing their course, and increasing

in thickness as they flow ; and /nrr^e rivers by such double and treble lines

made strong and black. Uridgt.s urc distinguished by a double line acru^sS

the rivers.

Gl

"*' water
Dummcl,
Ati, A riv|

Zwitll, 4IU

H^lfclt.

An,» rivtl
nc.ir Munil
flown Into tl

.-/<!, n rivj
the 'drpartfl
ntvigabic nil
Ucroun occ

Ad, a riv^
in Samojitia
Uig.i.

.7/1, a rive
in the valley
dcrw.nldcn,
ftadirr See.
berg, it has

yiahujf a
principality
Aa, II m N

.loin Chi
J«'ruralem, I
Zicharias 1
pilgrims ; .n
convent, w
faid to ft.ind
buptill was I

Aalert, ^
on the KocI

Aar, a r
ilTiics from i
fel, to the
through the
to Bern, the
Bruck. bel
Reufs and I
Rhine, belo

Aarberg \
words that
look under

Aaronjhu

««>ti %HN»ttr'

<v

» hottom •«

i!«l. Ill nlil
Iticc i« p<.

r wliiili (III?
llir trvcriU

Dllgitllllfof

' iiiL'ridJtin,
<*icli, near
'VI UN tliuao
pluctd thu
Wfit, from
li it tituuto
iniimti'it of

KltluT, wilt

it<'i< Mitunto
vt' till' Sun
I'll ilfgrtTi
vc the Sun

I liiu'-., aro
Nmitli iati-
itor. 'I'hus
in, it in to
t niiips aro
o I Ik.' Iff I;
ami tlioNe
ttMJ, when

THE

*t •^' >

GENERAL GAZETTEER >

-• f

OH, tOMIM.NDlOUS

a K OG II A P inc A L D ICTIO>T A RY.

A A n

/^/l, a river of I>ntth Hnh.inf, which
•* * watffA llrltnnnt, nml joiiii tf»c
Uommcl, nt.\T nnii k I)iu'

>4^i, n river of tioll.-iiul, wliii li wiirri
Zwoll, and cnli-rt tUu Vccht, uppolite
>l.(irclt.

//rt,a river of Wcftphnli.i, which rlfca
iH-u Manlier, waters that city, and
flown into th«> Embi.

.Ill, n riv«'r of Fr.inrc, which rifi-n in
the (Icpartmcnt of Sommr, hccormrn
iitvigabic near St- Omer, mid enteri thi;
German ocean at Gravclini.

All, a river of C'uurland, which rifei
in Samojiti.1, and flows into the gulf of

Rilf.!.

-'/rt, a rivor of SwifTerland, which rifi'S
in ihe valley of Kngclberg, crofTfs ITn-
dcrwnlden, and flows into the Wald-
ftadter See. Near the abbey of Engel*
berg, it has a noble cataraifl.

Jluhtijt a town of Weltphali.n, in the
principality of Munfter, on the river
Aa, li m Nw Coesfcld.

Join Charain, a village 6 m from
J«'riifa!em, faid to be the place where
Z icharias lived. It is frequented by
pilgrims ; and near it there is a large
convent, with a fplendid altar that is
faid to ftand on the fpot where John the
baptilt was born.

Aalen^ a town of Suabia, featcd
on the Kocher, 40 m nw Augfburg.

Aar, a river of SwifTerland, which
ifTiJcs from a lak<«, on the mount Grim-
fel, to the E of St. Ooddard, flows
through the lakes of Brentz and Thun
to Bern, thence to Soleure, Arberg. and
Bruck, below which it receives the
Reufs and Limmat, and then enters the
Rhine, below Zurzach.

Aarberg ; fee Arhtrg X and for other
words that frequently begin with Aa^
look under finglc A.
. Aaronjhurg, a town of Pennfy Ivania,

ABB

In Nortliiimb#^and county, at tli«hea4
of Pcfin'« creek, 40 m w by M Sun-
bury. Lon. 77 %x w,lat. 40 /ja w.

Aba(h% a town of llavario* with a
cit.u1el, fivrral Uum.in aiitic}uUiei, ami
fume fiiif mini-rul fpriii^'t ; Ic.itcd uur
the Danube, 7 m ssw K.iti(bon.

Ahaio, or Lueauo, one of the Iirged
of thu Haham.i ill.itids, lyinn; at the ic
end of the I.itilr B.ihanii bank. It cnn*
tntns great (|uantitics of various kinds of
wood. Neirthc k point is Little Har«
hour, which aHord'i good anchorage •
Lon. 77 14 w, lat. a6 aa n.

Ahukiinjkt a fortified town of Siberia*
in tho government of Kolyvan. feated
on the Abakan, 340 m isb Kolyvan*
Lon. 91 0 R, lat. 54 jo n.

Ahalakt a town of Siberia, famous fur
an image of the virgin, vinted by a great
number of pilgrims. Iti* i4msTobollk.

Abantay, the capital of a province of
the fame name, in Peru. The country
produces fine fugar, hemp^ wheat,
mai/e, and other grain, und the bret;(|
of horned cattle is confidcrable ; it hat
alfu cloth manufaiHtire!! and fllver
mines. The town flands on a river of
the fame name, over which is one of the
largcit bridges in the kingdom. This
place is memorable for the vi^oriea
gained in its vicinity by the king's troops
against Gonzalo Pi/arro, in 154a and
1^48. It is 60 tn sw Cufco. Lon. 7a
a6 w, lat. 13 3i s.

Abanoi a town of Italy, famous for
its warm baths, 5 m sw Padua.

Abiirarttr, a town of Armenia, feated
on the Alengena, 20 m n Nakfivan.

Abajiaiot a town of Siberia, on the
river Ifchim, ia8 m s by e Tobollk.
Lon. 69 o E, lat. 50 10 n.

Abberfordt a town in W Yorkfhire,
with a market on Wednefday, and a
manufa Aure of pi ns. Here are tbe ruina
B

I

I. \

\ \

i

M

1 :

ABE

uf ail ancient caftlo. It is ftatcd on the
rivtr Cook, 16 m sw Yoik, and 186
KNW London.

AbbtviUe, a town of France, in the

department of Sommt, on the river

Somm«', which feparates the town into

two parts. liere art manufaftures of

uoollcn cloth, canvas, coarfc linen, and

fo..p. It is aj m NW Amiens, and 60

s Calais. Lon. i 50 e, lat. 50 7 n.

Mbey lieyle, &c ; fee Boyle, &c.

Abhotpuryt a town in Dorfetftiire,

with a market on Thurfday. Here was

a fimousBenedititine abbey, many traces

of wliich remain , and fome of the offices

are yot entire. A mile w of the town is

Strangeways caftle, where there is a

large fwannery. Abbotfbury is feated

near the fea, 7 m wsw Dorchefter, and

127 w by s London.

Abbots L«ngley, a village in Hert-
fordshire, 4 m Bw St. Alban, famous
for being the birthplace of Nicholaii
Ureakfpeare, who, under the name of
Adrian iv, was the only Englilhman
that ever became pope.

Abb (St.) Head, a promontory on the
B coaft of Scotland, 10 m nnw Bei-
wick. The remains of a church and a
caftle are ftill viHbleon its heights. Lon.
a low, lat. 55 54 N.
Abenrade ; fee Apenrade.
Abenflxist a town and caftle of Bava-
ria, on the river Abcns, near the Da-
lube, 15 m ssw Ratifbon.

Aberavon, a town of Wales, in Gla-
morganftiire, which has copper and tin
works; fcated at the mouth of the
Avon, 6ms Neath, and 19a w Lon-
don.

Aberbrothoch, or Arhroathy a feaport
and borough of Scotland, in Forfarlhire,
at the mouth of the Brothock. The
harbour is fmall, but commodious, and
defended by a long pier and a battery.
The chief exports are coal, lime, thread,
barley, and wheat. Here are confider-
able manufactures of canvas and brown
linen, and the magnificent ruin 1 of an
abbey. It is 48 m nne Edinburg.
Lon. 2 33 w, lat. 56 3$ n.

Abercon<way, a corporate town of
Wales, in Carnarvonfliire,wilh a market
on Friday. It is furrounded by a wall
with towers ; and on a rocky promon-
tory are the mafly remains of a caftle,
formerly one of the moft magnificent
ilruiJtures of the kind in the kingdom.
It ftands near the mouth of the Conway,
18 m ENE Carnarvon, and %xo wnw
London.

AbercorfSt a town of Scotland, in Lin-
llthgowlhire. The Roman wall built by
Antoninus began at this place, and ex-

ABE

tended to Kirkpatrick, on the frith of
Clyde- It ftands near the frith of Forth,
4 m NE Linlithgow.

Abercorn, a town of the ftate of
Georgia, on the river Savanna, ao m nw
Savanna.

Aberdare, a village of Wales, in Gla-
morganftiire, s m sw Mcrthyr Twdfyl.
It has extenfive iron-works, and a canal
to that of Merthyr Tudfyl.

Aberdeen, Neiv, a city of Scotland,
capital of Aberdeenftiire, fituate on an
eminence, near the mouth of the Dee.
The college, calkd Marifchal college,
was founded in 1 59S, and is a refpeft-
able feminnry, but the fcholars are
boarded i 1 the town. Befide two papift
churches, and the college kirk, there is
an elegant epifeopal chapel, and feveral
meeting-houfcs. The other public
buildings are, a townhoufo, Gordon hof-
pital, a lunatic hofpital, and an infirm-
ary. The harbour is defended by a
ftrong ftone pier and two batteries. Be-
lide the coafting trade, vcffels are fent
hence to the Baltic, the Levant, and the
W Indies. The manufa^ures are ftock-
ings, thread, cottons, &c. and great
quantities of falmon and pork are pic-
kled here. The city is governed by a
lord provoft. The number of inhabit-
ants was 17,597 in 1801, and 21,639 in
iBii. It is 121 m NNE Edinburg. Lon.
a, 8 w, lat. 57 9 N.

Aberdeen, Old, or Aberdon, a borough
of Scotland, a mile n New Aberdeen,
on the s bank of the Don, near its
mouth. It was anciently a biftiop's
fee, and a part of the cathedral now
forms the pariih church. King college,
founded in 1494, is a large ftately fabric*
with a long uniform range of modern
houles for the profeflTors and ftudents ;
and the townhoufe is a neat modern
ftru(5ture. On the feacoaft is a fort, and
the remains of the caftle that was de-
ftroyed by Cromwell. The number of
inhabitants was 9,911 in 1801,'and
13,731 in 1811.

Aberdeenfiire , a county of Scotland,
90 m long and 38 broad ; bounded on
the N and e by the German ocean, 3
by the counties of Kincardine, Forfar,
and Perth, and w by thofe of Invernefa
and Banff. It contains 718,800 acres,
and is divided into 87 parilhes. The num-
ber of inhabitants was 123,082 in i8oi,
and 135,075 in i8u. The ne part, ex-
tending toward the river Ythan, is called
Buchan ; and the Wangle, confifting of
vaft woodland mountains, is called Mar
Foreft, in which the river Dee takes its
rife. There is excellent pafture in the
high parts } and the lerel traA, called

Strathbogit
fields. It
ftone, and li
pnr.cfc and I
rivers are ilJ
ron, and Bo)

AberdourX
11) ire, with i|
iron utenfiiJ
m NW Edii.ll
Aberdour, I
in Aberdiitii)
an ancient ca
ocean, 8 m

Aberfrn<w\
glcft-y, with \
was formerly
the princes
palace here,
manufacturec
and the moii
coal, iron, an
works have I
feated at the
m wsw Beau
don.

Abergavenn
(hire, with a in
are the ruini o
that formerly 1
a freefchool foi
has a trade in
cent mountain
works. It is
the Gavenny
Monmouth, ar
Lon. 3 10 w, l£
Abergeley, a
bighihire, with
It is much free
ftands on the i
high and 229 I
Abergiuilj, i
Carmarthenlhit
Gwily with th(
then. The ch
legiate, but H
revenues to th(
and the biihop
here.

Abernethy, a
Perthlhire, for
Pidiih kings, j
The church is
the cathedral, a
tower 74 feet i
ference. It haj
and ftands on tl
influx of the Er
Aberporth, a
Cardiganfliire,
George channt

ABE

Strathbogir, contains weH cuhivated
fields. It has quarries of (granite, mill-
ftune, and llmeftone ; and veins of" m;in-
pnnefe and pliioiba^o. 'J'hc priiicipil
rivers arc the Dec, Don, Ythan, Devc-
ron, and Bogie, whith abound svith ex-
cellent falmoii.

/iberdour, a town of Scotland, in Fife-
fliire, with manufatJtures ot cht-cks and
iron iitenfils, featcd on the Forth, lo
m Nw Ediitburp.

Aberdourt a filhing town of Scotland,
in Aberdi'-enlhire, with the lemains of
an ancient caftio, ft'.-:t .d on the German
ocean, 8 m w Fraferburg.

■/Iberfrnivy a town of Wales, in An-
gltfey, with a market on Thurfday. It
was formerly a place of great account,
the princes of N Wales having then a
palace here. It has a trade in flannels,
manufactured in the neighbourhood ;
and the mountains near it abound in
coal, iron, and limedone- Several iron-
works have been lately ereded. It is
feated at the mouth of the Fraw, 19
m wsw Beaumaris, and 269 nw Lon-
don.

Abergavennyt a town in Monmouth-
fhire, with a market on Tucfday. Ht re
are the ruing of a caftle, a large church
that formerly belonged to a priory, and
a freefchool founded by Henry v 1 11. It
has a trade in flannels, and in the adja-
cent mountains are fume great iron-
works. It is feated at the conflux of
the Gavenny with the Uflt, 16 m w
Monmouth, and 146 w by N London.
Lon. 3 10 w, lat. 51 50 N.

Abergelej/t a town of Wales, in Den-
bighlhire, with a market on Saturday.
It is much frequented for bathing, and
ftands on the feacoaft, i% m nw Den-
bigh and 229 T.ondou.

Abergnuily, a village of Wales, in
Carmarthenfhirc, at the conflux of the
Gwily with the Towy, a m E Carmar-
then. The church was formerly col-
legiate, but Henry viii transferred its
revenues to the college at Breckn. :k ;
and the bifliop of St. David has a pu .ace
here.

Abernethy, a town of Scotland, in
Perthfliire, formerly the feat of the
Pidifli kings, and the fee of a bifhop.
The church is fuppofed to have been
the cathedral, and near it is an antique
tower 74 feet high and 48 in circum-
ference. It has a raanufadure of lintn,
and ftanJs on theTay, a little above the
influx of the Erne, 6 m SE Perth.

Aberporthy a village of Wales, ia
Cardiganfliire, feated in a cove of St.
George chtnnel, 7 m s^B Cftrdigan.

ABK

It lias a trade in limellone, coal, and
culm.

Abfryjiwith, a town of Wales, in
C'ardigHiilhire, governed by a mayor,
with a market on Monday. In thp
bathing feafon it is a faihionable water*
ing place. Here are the remains of a
c.'iftle, on a craggy eminence, once the
rcliitence of the great Cad walladcr; and,
in the neighbourhood, the filver and
lead mines whence the celebrated lir
Hugh Middlcton acquired his large for-
tune. It is feated near the mouths of
the Yftvvith and Rhydol, in Cardigan
bay, 34 m ne Cnrdigan, and io8 wnw
London. Lon. 4 3 w, bt. 54 ai n„

Abex, a couuuy of Aftic 1, extending
400 m along the ccnft of ftie Red fea,
which bounds it on the e, and Abyflinia
and Nubia furround it on all the other
parts. It is furdy and barren, being
deftitute of water. The inhabitants are
Muhamedans. Suaquam is the capital.

Abiagrajb, a town of Italy, iu Mi-
lanefe, feated on a canal, 12 m svt
Milan.

Abineau, a port on the n fide of Lake
Erie, 13 m wsw Fort Erie.

Abingdon, a borough in Berkfliire,
with a market on Monday and Friday.
The fummer aflizes are held here. It
has a handfome townhall, two churches,
and a fpacious corn-market. Great
quantities of malt are made here, and
ient in barges to London. It is feated
on the Thames, 7ms Oxford, and j6
w London. Lon. i a w, lat. 5 1 40 n.

Abingdon, a town of Marvland. in
Hartford county. Here is Cokefbury
college, inftituted by the methodifts in
1785. It is fituate at the head of the
tide waters on Buih river, 40 m hb
Baltimore.

Abingdon, a town of Virginia, capital
of Waftiington county. It is a6o m w
by s Richmond. Lon. 81 59 w, lat 36
41 N.

Abifca, an extenfive province of Peru,
E of the Andes, between the rivers Ye-
tau and Amarumago, and s of Cufco.
It is little known, being full of woods,
rivers, and lakes ; and its few plains are
occupied by barbarous nations of In-
dians.

Abiverd, a town of Perfia, in Chora-
fan, near the river Tedzen, 5a m N
.Mefched.

Abkhas, one of the feven nations in
the countries comprehended between
the black fea and the Cafpian. Their
principal and mod ancient eftabliih-
ments are on the fouthern flope of tlw
mountains comprehended between the

1

A BR

river Cuban and the Black fea. They
are tributary to the Turks, and are di-
vided into two govornmentrt, the well-
ern and the eaftern ; each fubje<5l to a
bafhxwr, commonly chofen out of the
principal native families ; one of whom
rt-rules at SotchukkaK^ and the other at
Soghumkald. The Abkhas fpcak an
original language, which appears to
have .1 remote affinity to that of the
CircafTians. Tliey have, at prefent, very
little religion, although they ftlll pre-
ferve fome traces of Chriftianity. Their
chief town id Anacopia.

Ab/atft a country in Great Tartary,
fubjert to the Ruifians. Lon. from ;»
to 83 F, lat. 51 to 54 N.

Mlott a town of Little Tartary, be-
tween the river Dnieper and the Black
fea. Lon. 93 15 e, lat- 46 20 if.

jlio, a feaport of Sweden, capital of
Finland Proper, and a hifhop's fee,
with a caftle» and a univerltty. It con-
tains fcveral brick houfes, but the gene-
rality areof ftone. Tlie inhabitants, ef-
timated at 10,000, export linen, to-
bacco, flax, and iron, but the principal
trade is in timber. Abo was taken by
the Ruffians in 1808. It is fituate on the
Aura, near its entrance into the gulf of
Bothnia, 170 m ENE Stockholm. Lon.
32 73 E, lat. 6027 N.

Aboukir, a caftle, ifland, and bay, on
the coaft of Kgypt, to the w of the Ro-
fetta mouth of the Nile. The bay is
rendered famous by the total defeat and
deftruAion of the French fleet, by ad-
miral Nelfon, in 1798. The ifland lies
in the w part of the bay : the Ita-
lians call it Bicchieri, the French, Be«
guires, and the Englifli, Nelfon. The
caftle ftands on a fandy peninfula, 3 m
ssw of the ifland, and 18 ene Alexan-
dria. Lon. 31 23 E, lat. 31 20 N.

Aboutigt a town of Upper Egypt,
nvhere the beft opium is made ; feated
sear the Nile, 170 m s Cairo.

Abrantest a town of Portugal, in
Eftremadura, on the river Tajo. It has
four churches, beflde convents, and is
80 m NE Liibon. Lon. 7 43 w, lat. 39
13 N.

Abru£ Banya, or Abrobania, a town
of Tranfylvania, near which are mines
of gold and filver. It is ao m wnw
Wciflenburg.

Abruzzo, a provinceof Naples, bound-
ed on the E by the gulf of Venice, n
and w by Anconia„Spoleto, and Cam-
pagna di Roma, and s by Terra di
Lavoro and Molife. It is divided into
two parts by the river Pefcara, one call-
ed Ultra, which has AquiU for its capi**

AB Y

tal ; and the other Citra, of which Cf-
vita di Chieti is the capital. This coun-
try is fertile in corn, rice, fruit, and faf-
fron ; but the woods abound witli bears
and wolves.

Abs, a town of France, in the depart-
ment of Ardeche. It was formerly the
capital of Vivarcz, and the fee of a bi-
fliop; but now little, befide ruins, re-
mains of its ancient grandeur. It is 8 m
Nw Viviers.

Abucara, a town of Peru, in the pro-
vince of Lucanas, of which it was for-
merly the cipital. It is fituate in a val-
ley, 150 m s by E Guamanga. Lon. 73
a8 w, lat. 15 32 s.

Abufchahr i fee Bushier.

Abydos, a town and caftle of Afiatic
Turkey, in Natolia, on the ftrait of
Gallipoli. Here all fliips from the Ar-
chipelago are fearched. Lon. 37 36 e,
lat. 40 16 K.

Abyo, or Abuyo, one of the Philip-
pine iflands, between Mindinao and
Luzon, where the Spaniards have a fort.
Lon. 121 15 E, lat. 10 o N.

Abyffinia, an empire of Africa, 900
m long and 600 broad, bounded on the
N by Nubia, e by the Red fea and
Adel, s by Machidas, Gingiro, and
Monoemugi, and w by Negroland and
Darfoor. It i» divided into feveral pro-
vinces or kmgdoms. The country is
mountainous, but in the vales the foil is
fertile. The rainy feafon continues from
April to September. This is fucceed-
ed, without interval, by a cloudlefs flcy,
and a vertical fun. Cold nights as in-
ftantly follow thefe fcorching days.
The earth, notwithftanding thefe days,
is cold to the foles of the feet ; partly
owing to the fix months rain, when no
fun appears, and partly to the perpetual
equality of nights and days. There is
no country in the world that produces
a greater variety of quadrupeds, both
wild and tame : the hyenas are very nu-
merous, and dreadful in their ravages,
but there are no tigers. Befide eagles,
vultures, &c. there is a fpe./ies of glede, '
called haddayn, which is frequent in
Egypt, and comes pundlually int:
AbjfTinia, a^ the return of the fun,
after the tropical rains ; and ftorks are
numerous in May, when the rains be-
come conftant : there are few owls ;
but thefe are of an immenfe fize and
beauty. The molt remarkable InfeA
is the Ttfaltfal, a lar^e fly, which is
fo fatal to cattle, that, in some diftrifls,
great emigrations take place in the be-
ginning of the rainy feafon, to prevent
the ftock of cattle nrojn belog deftroj-

ed. Ther
between tlu
cient PerfiiJ
The relipior
of Jndaifm
the Greek
bears a grcij
The natives [

Elexion ; am
ound with
vered with
houfes are
built of clayJ
and even the!
form, encircl
travellers fay|
quet the flef
but others q\
are fond of
known to otii
Mr. Bruce,
has its fource
is the metrop
Acabui ate
trea, on the i
V E extremity
33 40 E, lat.
Acadia \ fe
Acanny, an
affording the
There is a tov
o 30 E,lat. 83
Acapulcot a
province of J
Pacific ocean,
bour, defende
year a rich fli
another retur
port, laden v
dities of the ]
pital, maintai
dedudiions fr
It is 180 m !
\f, lat. 1651
Acarai, a t
the Jesuits it
26 o s.

Acafabajll
in the provir
a river of tli
its mouth in
ENE Guatim
5B N.

Acbarabac

A£erenza,

Banlicata, ai

is feated on

of the Apeni

Lon. 16 5 f

Acernot a

cipato Citra

AcerrOf a

di Lavora,

Nfi Naples.

ACE

«d. Ther ' U a remarkable coincidence
between the cuftoms in the court of an«
cient Perfla and thofe of Abyflinia.
The relip;ion of the country is a mixture
of Jndaifm and of the Chridinnity of
the Greek church ; and the language
bears a great affinity to the Arabic.
The nativea are of a dark olive com-

Elexion ; and the drefs is a light robcf
ound with a fafti, the head being co-
vered with a kind of turban. The
houfes are of a conic form, meanly
built of clay, and covered with thatch ;
and even the churches arc of a round
form, encircled by a portico. Some
travellers fay that at an Abyflinian ban-
quet the fleih is cut from the live oxen ;
but others only affirm that the natives
are fond of raw fleih, a tade not un-
known toother nations. According to
Mr. Bruce, the celebrated river Nile
has its fource in this country. Gondar
is the metropolis.

Acmbtit a town and fort of Arabia Pe-
trea, on the e arm of the Red fea, at its
KB extremity, 130 m ese Suez. Lon.
SS 40 E» lat. 29 ? N.

Acadia ; fee Nova Scotia.

Acaany, an inland country of Guinea,
affording the beft gold in great plenty.
There is a town ofthe fame name. Lon.
o 30 E, lat. 830 N.

Acapulcot a city of New Spain, in the
province of Hexico, on a bay of the
Pacific ocean, with a commodious har-
bour, defended by a ftrong caftle. Every
year a rich fhip is fent to Manilla; and
another returns annually thence to this
port, laden with the valuable commo-
dities of the £ Indies. Here is an hof-
pital, maintained by the merchants, And
dedutflions from the pay ofthe foldiers.
It is 180 m ssw Mexico. Lon. 99 49
w, lat. 16 51 N.

Acarai, a town of Paraguay, built by
the Jesuits in 1624. Lou. 51 5 w, lat.
26 o s.

Acafabajllan, a town of New Spain,
in the province of Vera Paz ; fituate on
a river of the fame name, 25 m from
its mouth in the gulf of Dulce, and 70
EKE Guatimala. Lon. 91 40 w, lat. 14
58 N.

Acbarabad\ ktAgra.

Aperenza, a city of Naples, capital of
Baulicata, and an archbiihop's fee. It
18 feated on the Branduno, at the foot
of the Apennines, 97 m e by s Naples.
Lon. 16 5 f . lat. 40 44 N.
^ Acemot a town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato Citra, i» mwE Salerno.

.^c^rra, a town of Naples, in Terra
diLavora, feated on the Aguoi 12m
NE Naples.

ACM

Ach% a town of Suabia, in the land-
gravate of Nellcnburg, on a rocky emi-
nence, by the river Ach, 14 m N£ Schalf-
haufen.

Ac/iam, a country in Afia, bounded
on tho N by Bootan, e by China, s by
Birmah, and w by Hindooftan. It ii
very little known to the Europeans.

Acfieettt a kingdom in the nw part of
Sumatra, now very different from earlier
times, when it was powerful enough to
expel the Portuguefe from the ifland,
and its fovereigns received embaffies
from fome of the greateft potentates of
lilurope. It is comparatively healthy,
being more free from woods and fwampt
than the other parts of the ifland. Ita
chief produdts are fine fruits, rice,
cotton, gold duft, and fulphur. The
Achenefe are taller, ftouter, and d.irker
cumplexioned than the other Sumatrans.
They are more adliv , and induftrious
than their neighbours, have more faga-
city and penetration, and are bold and
expert navigators. They are Moha-
medans.

Achee»i the capital of a kingdom of
the (hme name, jn Sumatra, near the
mouth of a river, on the nw point of
the ifland, or Acheen Head, in a wide
valley, formed by two lofty ranges of
hills. The river, which empties itfcif
by feveral channels, is very fliallow at
the bar. The houfes -re built of bam-
boos and rough timbers, and are raifed
fome feet from the ground, this part of
the country bein^ overflowed in the
rainy feafon. It is an open town, ia
the centre of which is the king's palace^
a mile and a half in circumference, fur-
rounded by a wide and deep moai. and
ftrong walls. A manufaiflure of a
thick kind of cotton cloth, and of ftufT
for the fliort trowfers worn by the Ma-
lays and Achenefe, is eftablifhed hr.re.
Payments are commonly made in '^old
duft, which ia carried about in bladders.
Crimes are puntihed here with renark-
able rigour ; but the rodof juftice, it if
fuppo^ed, falls only on the poov : yet
the Achenefe are fuppofed to be t!>r
moft diflioneft and flagitious people la
the Kaft. Acheen is 1000 m se Madras.
Lon. 95 34 E, lat. 5 22 N.

Achleitett, a town of Auftria, on the
Danube, 12 m ese Ens.

Achmetchet ; fee Symtheropol.

Achmimt a town of Egypt, the refi-
dence of an emir, or prince of the
country. It has manufaftures of coarfe
crttons, and ftands on a fmail eminence,
on the right bank of the Nile, 240 m s
Cairo- Lon. 3 1 56 e, lat. 26 40 n.

Acbonrj, a town of Irelandi in the

'i

I;

l.l/;

n

H"-

Acn

county of SHgo, and a biftiop's fcf unit-
ed to killala It is feated un the Shan-
non, irt m wsw Sligo.

Aehflettettt a town of Suabia, 6 m n w
Augiburg.

Aehyr, a ftrong town and caftle of
Ukraine, on thr river Uorflilo, 127 m
E Kiof. Lon. 16 10 E, lat. 49 3a n.

Arken, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Magdi»burg, with a cita-
del ; fituate on the Elbe, 5 m nw Def-
fau.

AcomOf or St. Ejlevan de Acom», a
town of New Mexico, with a ftrong
caftle J feated on a mountain, by the
river Pucrco, 90 m sw St. Ft*.

Acnmagitas a town of C'hiii, capital of
an inland province of the fame name,
which ic rich in grain, fruit, lilver, and
copper. The town, fomctimcs called
St. Philip, ftands on the river Aconca-
gua, 74 m NNE St, Jago- Lon. 69 46
vv, lat. 3a 10 s.

AcqSi a town of France, in the de-
partment of Arricge, on the river Ar-
liege, 20 m sse Foix.

Acquoi a town of Tufcany, noted for
its warm baths, 13 m e Leghorn.

Acquacknaci:, a town of New Jerfey,
in EfFex county, on the w fide of the
P,iflaic, 10 m KT Newark.

Acguapendente, a town of Italy, in
the teiritory of Orvieto, feated on a
mountain, near the river Paglia, lo m
w Orvieto.

Aenuitria, a town or Italy, in Mo-
dencfe, noted for its medicinal wa-
ters, 13 fn s Modena.

Aequaviva, a town of Naples, in
Terra di Bari, 18 ms Bari.

AcrOt a territory of Guinea, on the
Gold coaft, fubjedt to the king of
Aquambo. The town u of the fame
name, and has a great trade in gold and
flaves; and here fume European ftatei
have forts and faftorics. Lon. o 20 k,
1.-*. 5 35 N-

Acrfi or St. John d'Acre, a feaport of

Syria, in Palcftine, and a bilhop's fee.

It is the Ptolemais of the Greeks and

Romans, and ftands on a plain at the n

poiiit of a bay, which extends in a

femicircle of 9 m to the i oint of

Mount Carmel, near the mouth of the

Kardanah, or ancient Belus. In the

time of the crufades, it underwent fe-

veral fieges ; and little is now to be seen

of this ancient city, but the remains of

monuments, and of a church dedicated

to St. Andrew, or, as, fome think, St.

John the baptift. The new city is dif-

tant a mile from the ancient walls,

and the fortifications are of little im-

portaoce. The palace of the grand

A 1) M

mafter of the order of 8t. John of
Jernfiilcm is the rcfultnce of the chief
of Acre. Here are throe mofques, four
churches, and a fynapogu'*. Its port
has been at all times the key to Palef-
tine, and though now a bad one, is bet-
ter than any other along the coaft. The
chief artic'es of commerce are cotton,
cattle, corn, olives, and linfeed ; and
rice brought from Egypt. In 17S9,
great damage was done by an earth-
quake; and the year following 5000
perfons, near one-third of the inhabit-
.ints, died by the plague. In 1799,
aided by the IJritifti under fir W. S.
Smith, it vvithftood a fiege by the
French under Bonaparte, who retreated
after failing in a twelfth afTault, made
over the putrid bodies of hi« foldiers.
It is 24 m 8 Tyre, and 47 n Jerufalem.
Lon. 35 20 E, lat. 3a 3» w.

Acrott, a territory of Guinea, on the
Gold coaft. The Dutch have a fort
here called Patience- Lon. e aft k, lat.
5 10 N.

Acroteri, a town of the ifland of San-
torini, z m wsw Scauro.

Acton-Burnel, a village 'n Shropfhire,
8ms Shrewfbury. Here are conflder-
nble remains of a caftle, in which a par-
liament was held in the reign of Ed-
ward I.

Adana, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
Roum, capital of a fangiacate, and a
biftiop'a fee, vvith a ftrong caftle. It
has a trade in corn, wine, and fruit ;
and is feated on a river of the fame
name, iz m from the jMediterranean»
and 150 ESE Cogni. Lon. 35 o k, lat.

37 2N.

Adarf, or Addair, a town of Ireland)
in the county of Limerick, feated on the
Maig, II m sw Limerick.

Adayes ; fee Mexicano-

Adda, a river of Swiflerland, which
rifcs in the canton of Grifons, runs
through Valteline and the lake of Co-
mo, by Lecco, and joins the Po, near
Cremona.

Adel, a kingdom of Ajan, about 400
ni in length, on the s fide of the ftrait
of Babelmandel. It feldom rains here ;
but the country is well watered by ri-
vers, and abounds with wheat, millet,
frankincenfe, and pepper. The inha-
bitants are Mohamedans. The capital
is Augagurel.

Adelfors, a town of Sweden, in Smo-
land, noted for its gold mines, fo m nw
Calmar.

Ad';», once a rich but now abandon-"
cd feaport of Arabia Felix, lao m ese
Mocha. Lon. 45 30 e, lat. la 36 n.

Aderb'tjarit a province of PerGa>

rkejr, in
and a
e. It

fruit ;
le fame

lonJ

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wliich

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ftrait

here;

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NATOLIA

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FROM THK BEST
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ADR

Id'' • bounded on thu n by Armenia xnd

Schirvan, w by the CifpiiM fc.i and
Chil.in, s by Irak, and v\ by Ciirdif\;iii.
It is nioiintainuui. but cuntAino nvinjr
wcll-watcrcd vaules. and rrcUoiicd
among the n\o(t productive pruvincea
of Pt'i-na. Tabriz is the capital.

.IJiiff, a river which rifi-s in the cm-
ton o^ GriCons, enters Tyrol, and flows
by Trent an<l \ irona into the gulf of
N cnice, lo m to the n of the I'o.

.'idmlnilty Iflandtt aclufter of iflands
in the Pacific oct-an, to the kw t)f New
Ireland. They were difcovcred in 1767:
r»nie of them appear of confuicrabN! ox-
tent \ and th«; centre one is fuppoftd to
be in Ion. 146 44 R. lat- a iH s.

/I Jon, a town of Hungary, ft-ated in a
fruitfid country, near the Danube, la
m s Uudd.

AJoni, a town of Hindooftan, in
Golronda, on i>iie of the branches of
thft Tungcbadda, 175 m aw Hydrabad.
i.on. 77 o K, l.it. 1$ 37 N.

yidorft a town of Upper Saxony, in
Voigtiaiul, fcated on the lilfter, 15 m
NNW Egra.

Ajour, a river of France, which rifes
in the dcpaptmcnt of Upper Pyrenees,
flows by Tarbes and Dax, and enters
the bay of Bifcay, below Hayonne.

AdrAt a feaport of Spain, in Gra-
nada, with a ftrong citadel, 47 m sR
Granada. Lon.3 7 w, lat. .16 45 n.

■Aflramiti, a town of AliaticTnrkey,
in Natol on the Ecoafl of a gulf of its
name, 70 m n by W Smyrna. L t\. a6
50 E, lat. j9 26 N.

Adr'ia, a town of Italy, in PuU fino di
Rovigo, which gives name to the Adri-
atic fea, and was formerly of prcai note,
but has been much rtduced by ftvqucnt
inundations. It is ft yted on the Tar-
taro, 35 m ssw Venii t .

Adrianot a mountain of Spain, in
Bifcay, over which is a very difficult
road to Alba and Old Cjftile It is one
of the higheftofthe Pyrenees; and i.s
only inhabited by a few fliepiierds.

Adrianople^ a city of European Tur-
key, in Romania, the fee of an arch-
biihop, and formerly the European feat
of the Turkifh dominion. It is 8 m in
circumference, fituate in the midft of a
very extenfive and perfe6\ly level plain,
on the river Marifla, which here receives
two tributary ftreams. Several of the
mofques are very fplendid, and the
principal one has four minarets, faid to
be the higheft in all Turkey. iMany of
the houles are neat, but the ftreets are
narrow and devious. The feraglio is
feparated froni the city by the river
Arda, and commands aii extenfive view

AFR

of the country, which is fertile, and fa-
mous for excellent vines. The com-
merce of the city by the river is confi-
dirable. It is 130 m nw ('onRanti*
nople. Lon. 36 47 ►:. lat. 4a 4 n.

Adriatic Sen ; fee hnice, dulfof.

Adventure Haft ^ l>Ay at the sk end
of Van Di«'men land, fo c.dled from the
fliip in which Captain Furneaux failed.
Lon. 147 30 w, lat.4j aj a.

Atrjhot, a town of the Netherland«,
in Brubant, on the river Demur, 10 m b
Mechlin.

A/irhaniJlan, a country; of Afia,
ftreiching from the mountains of Tar-
tary to the Arabian fea, and from the
Indus to the confines of Perlia. The
inhabitants of this wide domain have no
written cbaradler, and fpcak a language

Eeculiar to themfelves. They arc a ro-
ult, hardy race of men, and being gc>
nerally addidted to a ftate of predatory
warfare, their manners partake of a bar-
barous infolence ; th< y avow a fixed
contempt for the occupatiorj of civil
life; and are cfteemed the mof. negli-
gent of religious obfervances of all the
Mohnmedani. Thtir common drefa
confifts of a ihirt, which falls over the
upper part of long and narrow trow-
fer'i . a woullon veft, fitted clofcly to
til • body, and rearhing to the midleg;
ai)d a high turjied up cap, of broad
cloth or cotton, ufually of one colour,
and of a conic form, with two fmall
parallel flits in the uppir edge of its
facing. The principal cities are Can-
daharand Cabul, the former of which
\yas the capital ; but the late and pre-
fent fultans have kept their court at
Cabul. About the year 1730, an army
of Afghans invaded Perfia, took Ifpa-
han, and made the fultan HufTeyn pri-
fon*. r. Tliey kept polTeflion of Ifpahan
and the fouthern provinces for ten
years, when they were defeated in fe-
veral battles, and driven out of the
country by Nadir Kuli, cor-monly
known in Europe by the name of Kouli
Khan. Atrcr Nadir had dep.'f. his
fovereign, Shah Ihamas, he !i>d iiege
to and took Candahar ; bir aiieiward
received a conlidf-rable boilv of the
Afghans into his pimy, who became his
favourite foreign troops. On his aflaf-
fiiia!ion,in 1747 the general of the Af-
ghan troops, though furicjufly attacked
by the whole Perfian army, effitJtcd a
fafe retreat into his own counrry, where
he caufed himfelf to be acknowledged
fovereign of the Afghan leiritories by
the title of Ahmed Shah.

AFRICA, one of the four grand
divifions of the world; bounded on the

AO A

y hj the Mcdiirrr.inciii fe», w by the
AtliiitictH can, k by the Suiitltcrn uccjn,
mid K by the il)hniu» (>r Sut/., the Rt'tl
fr4, and the liuli.in ocean. It U .1 pc*
tiinfut.! ofnriKiit^itiu* 1 xlrnt, IwiiiK join-

cd to Afiii by '''^'i'^^'""''"' *""'• w'>'f*»
li it^movir. Ill it* (^rratiU length,
ifrom tlifmoO northrrii p»it to the Cipe
of Good lliip'*. it i» 4<^)nj m ( nnd in
the bioailclt put, from Cipc N'cr«l to
Ciipt* Outrd-ifiii.it it litoQ. Thrnnutcr
p.irt lici within tite torrid 7.otv, which
rcndiis the hc.it almoll inl'iipportahlc in
ni^uiy pl.ico. Ilowivt-r, tho coafts in
general aic vrry li-rtilf, the fruits lx-
cclltnt, and the pluiti extraordinary.
Then* arc more wiUl bf.ilU than in
any other part ol' I he world ; thiu- are
p.l(u fume animals peculiar to tliii coniN
try ( as tlu- liippopotamu:*, 01 riverhovff (
the rhiiioceroMt with two lioriH on its
fiofc ; and the bcaulitiil Itripcd 7.1'hr.i.
Jivfido thtle. theic aro crocodilen,
oftrlches, camels, anil m my other ani-
niaU nnt tobenictwitliin Hiirope. Thire
arc Icveril ilt frit«, pirticiil.niy oiu; of a
large extent called 7/iluia; but tluic
arc not tpiitt: wi>lu)ut iiihal)itaiitH.
There arc many Iai>;t' rivers; but the
principal are the Nile, Niger, Zaire,
Senegal, and G.imbi:i. The moll con-
fiderable mountains arc the Ail is, the;
Mountain!* of the Moon, nnd tin; Sierra
Leoue. The inhabitants ctrnfill of pa-
sans, Mohamedaiis, ard Cluilbaiiii.
The firft, who poU'efs the greated part
of the country, from the Tropic of
Cancer to the Cape of Good Hope, arc
the moft numerous, and are geiitrally
black. The Mohamedans, who are
tawny, poflefs Egypt and the coaft of
Barbary. The people of AbyfTmia are
denominated Chi'i(lians,bui: retain many
pagan and jewifh rites. In the n of
Africa are forae Jews, who manage all
the little trade of that part of the coun-
try. The principal divifions of Africa
are IJarbary, Egypt, IJilcdulgerid, Za-
hara, Negroland, Guinci, Bornou,
Ca(hna, Fezzan, Senna, Nubia, Abyf-
finia, Abex, Loango, Congo, Angola,
Benguela, Matamau, Zanguebar, Mo-
carango, Monoemtigi, Sofola, Caffraria,
and the country of the Hottentots.

Africa, a town on the e coaft of Tu-
nis, near a cape of its name, 20 m sse
buJa.

Afriquci Si. a town of France, in the
department of Aveiron> 6 m e by n Va-
bres.

Apadeer; fee St- Cruz.

AgaJej, a town of Caflina, the capital
of a province. It fends annually a ca-
ravan of i 000 camels 10 the fait lakes

AT, I

1.1 thf defert, at a nUer c»n''d DomlKioi
which fait it diitribulcd among the
other provlncra of the empire. It ia
«6o m NNK uf CAlUna. Lon. ijo R| lat.

JO J N.

AjfallfKat or Cfll/f/fa, an ifl-ind of
Al'iica, near Madagalcar. Lon. 54 H
I., Lit. to I a N.

Anatn*Hiicui% a mountain of MafTi-
chuieti, in the dillnOl of .Maine, about
8 m from Yoik luibour. It atf'orda
pafiure up to itt fiimmit, and it a fea*
mark fiir (he rnlrance of I'if(:aia(|ua
river. I.on. 70 \') w, lat. 4.? lA N.

/fjfalhii, St. a town of Naoict, in
Principato Ultra, 10 m vk Nipiri.

Ai^athoiiiji, a foiall idand of the Ar-
rhipelago, abtiut a league t the of illc
of .Saiudt-

.l^titoti, a town of Guinea, np.ir the
mouth of the lorniofa, 9j m t Uenin.
Loll. 7 6 I , I It. 7 :o N.

.■'^'J/-, a town «>t I'rance, in the de-
pailtnent of IKraiilt, on the rivei He.
raiilt, iHit far from itn mouth in the
gulf of Lyon, where thers it a fort to
defend the cntr.inct. It ia 17 m ne
Narbonne. Lon. 3 iK f, lat. 43 19 K.

//ift'/i, a city of France, capital of the
deparimenl of Lot and Garonne, and a
billiop's fee. Prunes form here a con-
fulerable objeft of commerce ; and it
bat manufactures of cambletSi ferges,
and canvas. It (tandt in a fertile coun-
try, on the banks of the G.ironne. Ko m
v:,v. liourdeaux. Lon. o 56 v-, lat. 44

12 N.

Ajjennlntt a town of Tranfylvaniai
ao in Nb llcrmaiiftadt.

.7^.;,'^/, or 'igjfo'ui, a town and didridl
on the coaft of Guinea, in which is a
very high hill, called the Devil's Mount.
The Eiijilifb have a fort here. Lon. o s
E, lat. 6 o N.

Aggtrhuys, a fortrcfs of Norway, in
a government of tho fame name, which
is full of mountains. See Christiania.

Aghadoc, a town of Ireland, in the
county Kerry, .nnd a bifliop's fee
united to Litnerick and Hrdfert. It
Aands near the lake of Killarney) 15 m
58 1 Ardfirt.

Aghrhn, a village of Ireland, 11 m
ENE Galway, memorable for the de-
cifive vidory gained, in 1691, by the
army of William 1 1 1, over that of Jamea
II.

Aghrin, .n town of Ireland, in the
county of Wicklow, 13 m sw Wick-
lowr.

Agtmere, a province of Hindooftan
Proper; bounded on the nw by Moul-
tan, NE by Delhi and Agra> sb by
Malwa> and sw by Guzaratand Sindjr.

Afsn

Tt U an ritrnflvc iliOru't ( Ihf ii pirt
niountainouiii with tertik vnllcyi «nd
|)|jiii» ihU-rvcniiiKt t)tit the MW (urt it
t iaiuly tlcl'ert. iiml little known.

Aatmtrf% .1 town of HiniloDlUni c.i-
pital of • provlnci* uf the famv n«mr.
Ii n.indtiit the foot of .1 lii^h moun-
tain) on lh«' lop of whiih in a ftronj;
fortrift. It i« 150 m w by % Agr.i.
Lon. 75 ao K| iat. 16 j« n.

.Ijfituourt, a villiKi- of France, in the
«1. p.irtnicnt of V»% dc Cal.ii*, 7 tn n
H.lilin. Near thin pl.icc Henry v of
Kngl.ind oht»iiicil a lnjuil vitflory orer
till- FrtMich, in 1415.

//i,'//rt, a town of ricilmoni, 7ms
lvr<-.«.

Afftnatt .1 town of Morocco, on .1 li.
vcr of the f iiiir nanu", and on the w fide
«>f one of Ihc- mounlaiiu of Atlutt, 16 ni
u Morocco.

A)(mi)ndtjham \ ffC Amtrflam.

Aifiittno, a circular Uke in the king-
dom of Napli'i, 7 m from I'uzzoli.
It ii about half a mile in diamctir, fur-
loundcd by «iobl»: liilU covered with
w'.rdurc. At no mention iiniado of tliii
lake by the ancients, it is fupijotid to be
the ceubiated filh-pond liitik by LucuU
lus, whofc villa (l>tini i;i tlio neighbour-
hood. A few paccn frt)m the margin of
the lakr, in the fide of a mountain, is
the faniouH Grotta dtl C.mc, where
many dojjs have been toiturcd and
fuffocatcd, to fliow the cHed of a va-
pour, which ril<.'8 a foot above the bot--
torn of this cave, and is dedruiitive to
animal life.

Agon, an idaod of Swed«'n, in the gulf
of Bothnia, with a good harbour. Lon.
18 10 e, lat. 61 30 N.

Ajfojla, an illand in the gulf of Ve-
nice, near the coaft of Ualmatia, 18 m
in circutnfcrence, and 10 sw of the
ill.ind of C'urzola. Lon. 17 o e, lat. 41

5.S N.

AgoJJa, in Sicily ; fee Aui;ii/}a.

^■Ixrti, a city of Ilindoollan Proper,
capital of a province of the lame name,
with a ftron„- fort. It was once the mod
fplendid of all the Indian citii-s, and
giow exhibits themoft magnificent ruins.
About the year 1566, emperor Acbar
made it his capital, and gave his name
to it; fince which time it is often named
Acbarabad. In the 17th century the

freat mogul frequently refided here,
lis palace was prodigioudy large ; the
palaces of the omrahs and others were
numerous ; and there were above 60
caravanferas, 800 baths, 700 mofqiies,
and two magnificent maufolcums. It
has fince rapidly declined. In the war
with the Mabrattas in iSoji it wa& taken

A1C

hy the llrltlfh. tt n.uid>i on the riKht
bunk of the Jumnj, 100 ni 1 \tf I
Delhi, r.on. 7^ JO r, lat. tj i4 m.

A^nram, or '/.ttj^rab, a ftrong r<iwn of
Croatia, capital of the AuUrian part,
and a bidiop* fee | featcil on thr Save,
17 m NK Colft.ut, and 164 tt Vienna.
I,on. 16 iH V, lat. 4t .1'' "•

AgramoHt, a town of Spiin, in Ca«
t.ilonia. fi-ati'd < » a mountain, near *
("mail river, iJJ m r HilaRin'r.

AgrtJii, A town of -Spain, in Old
Cdftdt', H m »w TaracMiia.

Agria, a town of I'pprr Hungary,
ntid a bilhop'sfc*, with acit.uiil. It ia
fcJtcd i)n the .\|rria, 47 m nk Buda.
Lon. a J 10 I , lat. 4H 10 w.

//i;r/^'fl«, one of the Ladronc ifl.indi,
'4,4 lii in compafi. It is mountainous,
and \i\^ ffveral volcano^. Lon. 1460

t, 1 It 19 40 N.

At^i / m/», a town of Naples, in Prin«
clpitn Citn, on the ». lide of the gulf
of S.ilcrno, _» m shk Salerno.

Axuilur,.i town of Spain, in Nav.irre,
ao m w Ed. Ih.

A/iuaz, or Ahvjaz, n town of Perfia,
in Kittidan, once a flourifliing city, of
which conhderable ruins remain. It
is leatcd on the Karafu, 4H m aw
Toder.

Ahuys, a ftrong town of .Sweden, in
Gothland, with a good harbour, 15 n»
sK Chrldiandadt. Lon. 14 15 t, lat.
56 15 V.

Ajnccio, a feaport of Corfica, capital
of the department of Liamoncj and a
bifljop's fee. It dandson thew fide of
the illand, on a point of land that Juts
into the gulf, i6u m se Toulon. Lon.
8 JO u, lat. 41 56 N.

-//'fl«, or ///c'M, a country on the B
coad of Africa, extending from Cape
Guardafui to Zangucbar 700 m. Jt ia
divided info fevcral dates or kingdoms ;
tlie principal of which arc Add and
Magadoxo. '1 he eadei n cjaft of Ajan
is fandy and barren, but to the north it
is more fertile. The kings of Ajan are
frequently at war with the emperor r«f
AbylFinia, and ("ell the prifuner* which
they take. Ivory, gohl, and hurfes of
an excellent breed, are the articles of
trade.

Ajazzo, a feaport of Afiatic Tuikt ,
in Syria, feated on the Mediterranean,
on the fitc of the aiicii-nt Iflus, where
Alexander fought h"s fecond battle with
Darius. It is ."^o m s Antioch, and 40
w Aleppo. Lon. 36 10 e, lat. 36 o n.

Aich, a town of Bavaria, with a caftle
fea.ed on the Par, 18 m s Neuburg.

Aichjladtt a town of Franconia, ca-
pital of a principality (late bifiiopric) of

ti

' ' i

V

n

A IN

A rx

i

M>

the (*me v\me, n<m CiihJvA tf« ihe (ftike Ing the btt provincr of HrrffV. ft lakH
of B.iv4ri.i. ill ihr chiirvh i« A pici'i- of il« n<ime from* rlv»r, which rifrt in

i'urioiM

« w.irkiiMDitiip, c.tllril (hv 8iim Motnil Jiir4, iic4r Nnxrroy. anil rni

«ri

of Ihc tloly Sdcranirnr, which U i)f the Khonc, above Lyon, lioutg li th#

mafTy goM, fiiriihcd wiih ttitmontt*, cdpit.tl.

p«',irls ruble i, and oihrt priiioui llon« ». Aititrrx>UUt A town of Pr;incr. In th«

It ii rr^itni un thr AHmiihl. \o m • hf (ir|)«rtiiuMtt nf Mi'iifr, .4 m ^w Dim.
I Nuri'nilH,rg l.o". n 10 «, lat 4* '^injii, .» town of ((paiii. in Ai ignn.

i»f

on the river ArA, p m n H«ibir)i

f//ir» the principal fraport of Nil* -limto, « town of Il4ly. in .Mibnefr,

bii, l<'.iti<l oil 4 rnotiDtain, mi thf cimII jim tK Como

of thr Rf»l Ua It hi' a tr4*lr in ebony .iir.IrL'. 4 town of 5cotl.itu!, in I,a«

and .iroinat.c plunta. Lon. 51 J7 t, n4rkihir>-, wiOi an iron founiKry, .ind

l«t' ia 10 M

^\

a conliiloLibl. tndi* in m.itt ipiriUi

4, J.

Aijfffit fl town of Auftrl.i, on the fltu.Uf oti a lilin}? >;""""•• b«'twfrn two
contint-a of Bohemia. 2.4 m nvv Stcyie. riviilctn, 10 m I. (]|.'ir|/row.

///,if/#, 4 town ot' NMillrrLiiid, in th« //«>(•, .1 town ot 1'r.int.c. in the de-
cant'tn of Bern. All tin- hoiilcit, even p.mm«ntot I.aiiden, l«Mti'<l on the fid*
the nieanrO, art- built of white m-a ' !i', of a mountain, by th«* riv<i Adour, 65
found iM the nci|hb>iurlu .xj. Itlil'e.it* ma liourdt-atix. Lon- o 10 c. lat. 4j|
cd nr.ir the Rhonr, 6 m from iti en-
trance Into the l.tkr of Hrncva.

Ai^/f, a town of France, in the dc<
partmcnt ofOiiu-, 47 m ^w Uoucii.

Aii^nun, St. h town of I'r tnce, in the
tlcpartnu-iit '<<* l.oirt* and Cher> on the
rlvrr ChtT, 24 tn < by r. Bittii.

.'iit^tumortet a to.vn of I'r.mce, in the
department «)f Oard.fitiiate ainonKtiic
moradi-i, near thi* liM, and had a liar-
bour, which in now chodkcd up. It in
I a m ».HK iMontpellier.

Aixuf/ifr/,-, a town of Fnncc, in the
department of i'uy dc Dome, lU in n
Clermont.

Aii^uihello, .1 town of Fr.ince, in tlie
dcp.Vriment of Drome, i tn sk Mon-
telimart.

Aijfuihe/lo, a town of S.ivoy, on the
river Aic, 15 m k Chambcrry.

AijfuiJ/ai, ('n/>e, the moil fouthcrly
point of Africa, 1 { leagues ESK of the
Cape of Good Hope. Lon. ao 8 v, lat.

34 55 s.

Ai/a/i, a town of Arabi-i Petrta, on
the K arm of the Red fea, at its nw ex-
tremity, 1.8 m E8F. Suez. I'on. 3] 10
I) lat. 29 10 N.

.. U//jf, a town of France, in the de-
part nent of Somme, 9 m u.sk Amiens.

^lif/a, an infulatcd rock, s of the idc
of Airan, in Scotland. Its bafe is a
m in circumference. It confifls of a
fUipi^ndons alllrnblage of precipitous
clift'H, rifing in a pyramidal fcries. 900
feet high, accefTiblc only on the ne. It
afTords refuge to an immenfi' number
of fcafowl, and is well Aocked with
r.ihbit3. The ruins of a chapel, and of
a callle, are ftill feen ; and near the lat-
ter is a fpring of frefli water.

Aime, or Ayttio, a town of Savoy, on
the river Here, iH m en i. Moudiers.

Ain, a department of France, incUid-

a town of Franci*, in the de-
partment of Pais dc Calai*. It com-
niunieatei with St. Omer by .1 cainl,
and ii fe.ited oil titc river LiH, 22 m a
DunWirk. Lon. 2 14 h, lat. yn 41 N.

Airet ii river in VoiI.'l.iie, which
IffufH fiom a lake nn Malham moor,
ntar Settle, tlovvs by Skipton, Keighley,
Leeds, and Snaith, and enters the Ouie,
bcloA^ Howden.

Ai^ne, a departmt-nt of Fr.ince, in*
eluding the lite territories of .SoiJ' in-
nois and Vcrmaniloi'i. ft takes its name
from n river, whicli runs by Soitlons,
and inters the Oife, above Compiegne.
Laon ia the cipital.

AiXt a city of France, c.ipit.d of the
department of Mouths of the Rhone,
and an arehbifhop's fee. It was fnr-
mci'v ihc capital of Provence, when it
had a parliament. It in feated in a plain,
where there arc hot baths near the river
Arc, 75 m E Montpellicr. Lon. ,5 37
K, lat. 4J Ji »•

Aix, u town of S,ivoy, on the lake of
Dourget. Here are mineral waters
much frequented. It is 12 m n by £
Ch.imberry.

Aix, a finall ifland of France, between
the ide of Oleron and the continent.
It is 12 m Nw Rochfort. Lon. 1 10
w, lat. 46 s e.

Aix-la-('hapelle, a city of France, ca-
pital of the department of Roer, and
a bifhop's fee; lately an imperial city
of Germany, in the duchy of Jii'icrs.
Charlemagne was fo delighted with the
beauty of the place, that he chofe it for
his rcfidcnce : he is interred in the
church of Notre Dame, where they
keep his fword and belt. Its famous
mineral waters draw a great number of
porfons every year, and near it arc

mirt'i of Irr
ciMil. In I
gnilhed by
peace, ft
1:92, fftakcl
an«t aualn i.i|
Ii ia featetl it
muuntaim,
«, lat. 50 ,

Air. f mi I/,
dcparttneiit <

Akalxikt,
Armeni.i. w
walUnor fori
of thedinrtk-tl
trading i)hu:i|
of the Kiir,
41 to K, Lit.

AitH/itJ I
AktrmaH \
Akiffat, a
in Natoli.i, th
in a plain abo
duces corn ar
by about cooc
on the rtver
g.imo. Lon
Ai/hi-r, or
atlc Turkey,
called Antiocl
NW Cogni, an
Aktiiir ; fei
Alitbajler, «i
Bahama iflanc
pre.iteft part o
exported ; and
ber of alabailt
fort. Lon. 71
Alaisy a tov

!)artment of C
ee. It haa a 1
the river C»arc
veimes, 22 m
B, lat. 44 8 N.

A/aman, ^ t(
canton of Men

Aland, a clii
tic, at theeritr
nia- The prii
name to the
from 1 2 to 16
the governmeri
Caftelholm is I
Stockholm. I
N. See Finla)

Alania, a to
Ciramania, ne
in the gulf of

Alarcon, a
Caaile, feated
Cucn^a.

Alajka, a p(
of America, a
extending 480

ir#. It takH
ich rifr* Irt
, iiritt rnt«rt
WiuiK i« l))«

\nct, in lh#

w Diiii-
in At ignn*
ilhiOio,

n MibneAr,

rut, ill I,a>
nil try. .iiid
alf ipirittt
•iwfrn two

in th<' c!e.

on th)* (u\t

Adour, ^n

0 B. lat. 4 J

in the df«
It com-
l)y .1 C4ii.ll,
in. 2i m ■
^n 41 V.
lirr, which
1,1m rnoDi-,
, KfiKhlej,
(the Ouiey

Mince, in-
i)t" Si)iil'>n-
c« itsnnmR
SoiilonH,
ompit'gne.

it.il of the
he Rhonf,
\va» ffir-
[-, when it
litia plain,
[t the river
,on. 5 17

^c !.»k<' of
|ii waters
N by E

between

lontinent.

)n. I 10

mce, ca-
jcr, and
|ria! city
Jii'icrg.
Iwitli the
l>fe it for
in the
|?re they
famous
Imber of
it are

ALA

mine 1 of irnp» calamine, ful^hur. an<1
ctwil. Ill iA()') «n<t •74H, It wai«iintn<
ItuilhcU by tw^i < -I'bratrtl trniii* of
peacC' It wai lahrn by the Prrni'h in
iryii fftakm by the Anftria^i In i7'H»
ami again t.iWm by the I'rrnvh In i;<)4'
|i U frati-t! In a b«iltom, fun nnndcd by
mountain*, ixm nk Lirge. Lort. s i^
%, lat. 50 4H N.

Aitntaift a town of Franr**, In th«
dcpariinrnt of Vrndec. j'^ m « N.intrn.

AMxikt, Of .tkilka, .» iity of rnrkHb
Armcni.t. with a calllr, but ha« niitlwr
walln nor fortirtcadoni. It ii thr capital
of thediftrietot Alii»kji, mu\ a popnloii*
trading placi', feat'd on thi* bit bmk
of thr Kiir, 1.^0 tn nk Krzirum. Lun-
4) io K, lat. 41 10 K.

41 kmnfitt J Ice /ri/i *»/<!.

AkermoH \ fte liirl,v;oroJ-

Akiffat, a town t)t Ali.itic Tiirkeri
in Nitoli.i, the ancifnt Thyatira, built
in a plain above 17 m over, which pro-
diicfii corn and cotton. It in inlubitcd
by about (ooo Mohamcdans, and flandi
on the rivt-r llermitR, 50 m sv. Pcr-
gamn. Lon )H .^o k, lut. jfH 48 n.

Aklhfr^ «)r Akjhnhrr, a town of Afi-
aiic Turkey, in Caramani.i, anciently
called Antjoch in Pilidi.i. It is 08 m
NW Cogni, and 86 hk Kiutaja*

Aktuir\ fee Sthalh^ol.

A ttibajler , or l'Ueuthtra% one of thp
Bahama iflands, which produci-a thi*
grc.iteft part of thi* pineapples th.it an:
exported ; and on the k coaft are a num-
ber uf alabadcr rocks. It ha<i .1 fmall
fort. Lon. 76 14 w. Lit. 24 40 n.

Ataist a town of France, in the de-
partment of Oard, lat«>ly an «pifcopal
fee. It has .1 citadel, and is fcated near
tlie river Ciard, at the foot «)f the Oc-
vennt'S, 11 m Nw Nifones. iiOn. 4 5
I, lat. 44 8 N.

Alaman, a town of SwilTerland, in the
csnton of I Jem. 9 m nr Nion.

A/and, a cluftt'r of iflands in thr Fill,
tic, at the entrance of the gulf of Both-
nia. The principal idand, which gives
name to the reft, is 40 m long, and
from IS to 16 bro.ad. It is included in
the government of Swedifh Finl.uid, and
Caftelholm ia the chief place, 95 ni nk
Stockholm. Lon. so 28 e, lat. 6u 10
N. See Finland.

Alania, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
Caratnania, near the mouth of a river,
in the gulf of S.atalia, 50 m e S.atalia.

Aiarcon, a town of Spain, in New
Caflile, feated on the Xucar, 50 m s
Cuen9a.

A/aJia, a peninfula on the nw coaft
of America, about 100 m broad, and
extending 480 m sw into tbu Pacific

ALU

ocean. At Ita c«ti«mlty commene**
the K^ixip <>' chtin of idindi C4llc«l th#
Northern AntiifKlago, and on Its w
lkd« i4 Hrillol b.iy

AlAittmnha, a navl;j.ible rUer of thf
Aale ol Ororiria, formed by the June*
tion of the Oikmiil^re and (>cone(»,
which have th< ir fource in the Allegany
mountains. It is a im^cftic ritrr, nnJ
now* IR loo tt) ihrouKh forefts and
plains to the Atl-iiitie, which 1 1 enters
by li v<Tal monthi. 'Hic N branch paflts
by l).irien, and the a, which U the
dt rprll, ban it4 iiillux near St. Simon
ill iiid, by a mouth 510 y.irdiwlde.

./Ai/r>, a town ot Italy, in Campagna
di Koma, ntuate on a hill, 4* m sr
Rome.

Alatyr, a town of Uuffia, on the river
Sum, 40 m % K-ifiii.

Ahiiitaf a river of I'.uropean Turkey,
which rifes In the mount4inii th.at Ie«
paratc Moldavia from Traiifylvania,
llitw* through Wall.ichia, and enters
the Danube, near NicopolJA.

A/fia, a town of Piedmont, in Mont*
ferrut, and an ancient bifhopric. It
contains three par()chi.\l and three other
churches, beiide the cathedral, and
fcven convents. It it feated on the
Tanaio, 20 m "R Turin.

///3<in, a town of France, ir> the de-
partment of Tarn, 15 m k''e Alby.

Albant St. a borough in Hertford-
fliire, the ancient city of N'crulam, many
veltlges of which arc yet to hv feen.
The market ia on Wednrfday and S.i.
turday ; and it is governed by a mayor.
It owes its name to Alban, the firft
martyr in Britain, who was buried on
a hill near the town, where a noble
monaftery was afterwards ereifled to his
memt)ry by king OfTa, of which no p.art
now remains, except the gate and the
church : in the latter is the monument
of OfTa, and of Humphrey duke of
Olouctftor, whofe l-aden comn was dif-
covered in 170J, the body prefervcd al-
moft entire by a picUle. In the church
of St. Michael is the monument of the
illullrious Francis Uacon, vifcount St.
Alb.»n. Hore are two filk mills and a
cotton manufat'lure. St- Alban is fa-
mous for the virtory obtained by Rich-
ard duke of York, in 1455, over Henry
VI ; and for a victory which queen
Margaret gained in i.t6i, over the earl
of Warwick. It is feated on the Coin,
ai m N by w London.

Alban, Ht. a town of Vermont, in
Chillinden county, litnate near Lake
Champtain, 34 m nnk Burlington.

Alianella, a town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato Citra, ao m se Salerno.

. I ..'I

If

ALB

Albania, a province oF European
Turkey* compichenJing the ancient
Jllyri.1 and Epirus. It i& 140 m long
and 6* broad; bounded on the n by
Dalmatia and Bofnia, E by Macedonia
and Thcflhly, s by Livadia, and w by the
gulf oF Venice. I> produces excellent
wine ; and the chief exports are fpun
cotton, raw wool, cattle, oil, leather,
and timber of a fuperior quality for
ibips. The Albanians are Itout and well
made, never happy but in action, and
are brave and intrepid warriors. Janina
is the capital.

Albano, a town oF Italy, in Cam-
pagna di Roma, on the fummit of an
eminence, near a lake of the fame name-
The lake, 7 m in circuit, is fuppofed to
be contained in the crater ot an ex-
tinguifhed volcano, and its outlet is
bored through a rock more than a mile
in length. The environs produce the
beft wine in all this country. It is 15
m S8E Rome.

Albano, a town oF Naples, in Bafi-
licata, fcated in a Fertile country, on the
river Bafiento, 15 m e by s Potenza.

Albanopotisi a town of European
Turkey, formerly the capital of Alba-
nia, but now a poor place, feated on
the Drino, 43 m k AleiFto.

Albany, a river of l/pper CJanada,
which flows E through feveral fmall
lakes into James bay. Ac its mouth is
a Fort of the fame name, belonging to
theEnglifh. Lon. 81 aow,lat. 52 10 S'.

Albany, a city of Ne«v York, capital
of a county of the fame name. In 1797
it contained 6021 inhabitants, colleded
Fnom almolt all parts of the northern
world. It is the (lorehoufe oF the trade
to and From Canada and the Lakes;
and has manufadures oF tobacco, fnuff,
chocolate, muftard, ftarch, &c. Albany
is feated on the w fide of Hudfon river,
150 m N New York. Lon. 73 4a w,
lac. 4a 40 N.

Albaruzin, a city of Spain, in Aragon,
and a bifhop's fee. Its wool is the oeft
in Aragon. It is feated on a mountain,
by the river Guadalavir, 88 m ssw Sa-
ragoHa, and 140 £ Madrid. Lon. i zi
w, lat. 40 30 N.

Ai'bazete, a town of Spain, in Murcia,
with manufactures of iron and fleet ;
feated in a fertile country, 44 m w by n
Almanza.

Albazin, a town of Chinefe Tartary,
with a Fortrefs, on the n fide of the
Saghalien. Lon. 123 30 e, lat. 53 o x.

Albeck, a town and caftle oF Suabia,
on the river Alb, 5 m n by E Ulm.

Albemarle, or Aumale, a town of
France, in the department of Lower

A LB

Seine, with a manuFadure of Terges and
other (tuffs, 30 m sw Dieppe, and 3 a
NNw Ruucn.

Albemarle Sound, an inlet of the At-
lantic, in N Carolina, 60 m long, and
from 8 to 12 broad. It is 30 m n
oF Pamlico found ; and the tra£t of
country between them is called Difmal
Swamp.

Albenga, a flrong Feaporton the coaft
of Genoa, furroundcd by olive trees,
37 m sw Genoa. Lon. 8 7 e, lat. 44

6 N.

Albion ; fee Britain'

Albi<m, New, a country on the w
coafl oF N America, to the n of Cali«
fornia, extending From lat. 33 to 40 n,
and From 30 to 40 m in breadth. It re-
ceived its name From fir Francis Drake
in 1578, whofe harbour is in lon. 116
45 w, lat. 37 5H N ; but the coafk had
been examined by Juan Rodriguez Ca-
brillo, in 154a, and the country is called
New California by the Spaniards. The
land is mountainous, and abounds with
trees; but there are extenfive plains
and valleys of luxuriant foil, and well
watered. Maize, wheat, and barley
are cultivated in abundance ; good wine
is made in all the fettlements on the
coafl ; and the olive is FuccefsFuUy cul-
tivated, efpccially near St. Diego. In
the mountains are the fame kind oFgoats
as in California ; and in the Forefls and
plains are ftags oF a mofl gigantic fize,
called venados, oF a brown colour and
without fpot. The climate is fubjedl
to much drought, efpecially in autumn;
but this is in fome meafurecompenfated
by dews, which often fall very heavily :
the rainy fcafon is from December to
March. The Spaniards, who fira fet-
tled here in 1769, have divided the
country into four jurifdiftions, named,
from their chief towns, St. Diego, St.
Barbara, Monterey, and St. Francifco.
The government is confided to Euro-
pean monks of the order of St. Francis,
and their eftablifhments are in a prof-
pcrous flate. In 1802, the number of
native Indian cultivators alone was
15,562. The capital is Monterey.

Albona, a town of Italy, in Iflria,
near the gulf of Carnero, 16 m i. by s
Rovigno.

Albret, a town of France, in the de
partment of Landes, 37 m s Bout'
deaux.

Albuera, a vilhge of Spain, in Anda-
lufia, on a river oF the fame name, is
m s Badajoz. Here, in 181 1, was a
bloody battle, in which the French
were defeated by tbe £ngliih and their
allie8>

I? of ferges and
cppe, ami 3»

let of the At-
1} long, and

t is 30 m N
the tinft of

called Oirmai

't on the coaft

' olive trees,

7 *ii lat. 44

T on the w
he N of Cali-
• 33 to 40 K,
adth. It rc-
■ancis Drake
in Ion. 116
le coaft had
•driguez Ca-
itry is called
liards. The
bounds with
infive plains
il> and well
and barley
; good wine
:nt8 on the
efsfullyr cul-
Diego. In
ind of goats
forefts and
iganiic fize,
colour and
!^ is fubjea
in autumn ;
>ni pen fated
T heavily :
jcember to
o firft fet-
ivided the
»8, named,
Diego, St.
Francifco.
to Euro-
. Francis,
in a prof-
umber of
one was
erey.
in Iftria,
m I. by s

n the de
Bour-

in Anda-
lamc, IS

» was a
: French

nd their

AI. C

Albuquerque,^ town of Spain, in Kftre-
vnadura, on the frontiers of Portugal,
with a itrong caftle. It has a confufer-
al)le trade in wool and cloth, and is r^o
m NKW Badnjoz.

Aliuauerfue, a town of New Mexico,
on the left bank of the Rio del Nurte,
5a mssw St. Fc.

Alburjfi a city nf Denmnrk, in N
Jutland, capital of a v^locefe of its name.
It has a confiderable ♦rad<' in herrings
and corn, and maniih.dhires of guns,
piftols, faddlcs, and gloves. It is feated
on the s fide of the gulf of Lymford, 10
m from the Categat, and 30 n by e
Wiburg. Lon. 9 41 E, lat. 57 o n.

Alby, a city of France, in the dep.irt-
ment of Tarn, formerly an archiepif-
copal fee, and the capital of the terri-
tory of the Albigeoisin Langueduc. In
point of architeftture and decorations,
the principal church is one of the molt
curious in France. The environs pro-
duce all kinds of grain, excellent wines,
flax, hemp, fatfron, anifeed, coriander,
and woad. It is feated on the Tarn,
a3 m N by w Caftres, and 4a n e Tou-
loufe. Lon. a 8 e, lat. 43 56 ^.

Alcalade Guadaira, a town of Spain,
in Andalufia, on the river Guadaira, at
the foot of a hill, on which are the
extenfive remains of a Roman caftle,
and a part is converted into a modern
church. It is la m N B Seville.

Alcala de Henares, a town of Spain,
in New Caftile, with a famous univsr-
fity, and a caftle. It is furroundcd by
a wall, and feated on the Henare«, 15 m
E by N Madrid. ' / ,: . ,

Alcala de los Gazules, a town of
Spain, in Andalufia, with an ancient
caftle, fituate on a mountain in a fer-
tile plain, 14 m E by N Medina S/'ionia.

Alcala Real% a town of Spain, in An-
dalufia, feated on a mountain, lo m sw
Jaen.

Alcamo, a town of Sicily, in Val di
Mazara, at the foot of Mount Bonifa-
cio, 34 m wsw Palermo.

Alkanizt a town of Spain, in Ara^on,
on the Guadalope, from which is a
canal to the EbiO, made by the Moors.
It is 53 m sse SaragolTa. Lon. o 8 w,
lat. 41 10 N.

Alcantara, a fortified town oF Spain,
in Eftremadura, and the chief place of
the knights of that name. It has a
celebrated ftone bridge over the Tajo,
built in the time of Trajan. It was
taken by the earl ef Galway in 1706,
but retaken the fame year. It is 42 m
V by w Seville. Lon. 6 la w, lat. 39
ao V.

. Alcantara^ a town of Spain, in An-

ALC

dajufia, near the river Gii.idaUiuiver.
Here is a bridge built by the Romans,
to paffl the marihes formed by the river.
It is 14 ms Seville.

Alcaraz, a town of Spain, in Mancha,
with a ftrong cuftle, and a remarkable
ancient aquediidt- It is fitunte among
mountains, near the fource of the Gua-
dalquiver, 67 m R Ciudad Real. Lon.
a 48 w, lat. 38 58 N.

Alcaudete,\ town of Spain, in Anda-
lufia, 19 m wsw Jaen.

Alcazar di Sal, a town of Portugal,
in Kftremadura, with a caftle reckoned
impregnable. Fine wf.ite fait is made
here. It is feated on the Cadoan, 15
m from the fea,and 35 sk Lifbon. Lon.
9 5 w, lat. 3R i» N.

Alcazar Quiber, a town of the king-
dom of Fez, which has a profitable
commerce with Tetuan and other
places. A little to the n of the town
Sebaftian king of Portugal loft his life
in a battle with the Moors, in 1578.
It is feated on the Lucos, ao m se La-
rache.

Alcazar Seguer^ a town of the king-
dom of Fez, on the ftrait of Gibraltar.
It was taken by Alphonfo, king of Por-
tugal, in 1468 ; but foon after aban-
doned. It is 14 tn e Tangier.

Alcejler, or Alncefier, a town In War-
wickfhire, with a market on Tuefday.
Many Roman coins, bricks, &c. have
been found near it, and the Icknield-
ftrcet pafles through the town. It ha«
a munufadture of needles, and is fituate
at the conflux of the Alne with the
. Arrow, 14 m wsw Warwick, and 103
* Nw London.

Alcmaer, or Alkmaar, a ftrong city of
Holland, capital of the department of
Texel. The environs produce excellent
butter and cheefe, and fine tulips. This
city was befieged by the Spaniards in
1573, after they had taken Harlem ;
but the Spaniards, after an inveftment
of three months, were obliged to raife
the fiege with difgrace. Alcmaer opeo-
ed its gates to the Britifti troops in
1799, **^^^^'' the fecond battle near Ber-
i^en ; but a treaty was foon afterward
concluded here for their evacuating the
country. It is fituate among groves of
tall trees, near Schermeer, one of the
largeft lakes in Holland, 18 m n by £
Harlem. Lon. 4 38 e, lat. 5a 38 n.

Alconchol, a fort of Spain, on the
frontiers o*^ £ftremadura, feated on the
Alcaraque, which runs into the Gua-
diana, ao m s by w Badajoz. Lon. 7 j
w, lat. 38 la N.

Alcoutim, a town of Portugal, in AI-
garva, with a ftrong caftle, feated on an

;

['

ALE

i/lnnd in thr (Mi,i<liaiia, \f) m from its
tntrance into the giiif of Cadi/., and
22 NNK Tavira. Loii. 7 15 w, lat. 37
ao N.

y//foV. 'T town of Spain, in Valencia,
with a maniifaiituii! of cloth ; fcatod
Dear the i'ourcf of a river of the fame
name, 22 m n Alicimt.

^Ilcudia, a city of Alajorca, confifting

«)f about K 00 hoiifes, fiirroiinded by a

wall and ditch. It Ibnds on a pi-ninfu-

la, between two bays on the ne coaft, 34

m NE Pahna. Ion. 3 10 e, lat. 39 j;o n.

Aldhorough, a borou};ii and ftaport in

Suffolk, with a market on Wcdiiefday

and Saturday. It ftands on the Aide,

between a high hill and the k\\ ; and

the harbour is tolerablygood, but (mail.

The town was formerly much longer ;

but the fea has taken away whi)le

Urcets. It is 40 m E liury, and 94

Nt London. Lon. i 37 e, lat. 52 16 n.

AlMoroHxIu a borough in W York-

ftiirc, whicii has now no market. Here

are many remains of Roman works. It

is feated on the Ure, niar its jundlion

with the Swale, 15 m ne York, and 208

N by w London.

Aldea Ca/leija, a town of Portugal,
in Eftremadura, featf d on the Tajo, lo
in SB Liibon.

Aldenbtirg, a town of Weftphalia, in
the duchy of Berg, ao m ese Duflel-
dorf.

Jlderhtv//, A village In Wiltlliire,
on a hill near the Avon, 3 m from
Salifbury. It has a manufaifture of fuf-
tians, and received confiderable damage
by a fire in 1777, when 100 houfes were
Ueftroyed.

Alderholnty an ifiand of Sweden, form-
ed by the three arms of the river Gefle,
in the gulf of Bothnia. A confidera-
ble trade is carried on here in planks
and deals. It is \So m n Stockholm.

Alderney, an iiland in the Englifh
.channel, 8 m in circumference, feparat-
ed from France by a ftrait called the
Race of Alderney, which is a danger-
ous pafTage, on account of the rocks
under water. It is fertile in corn and
pafture ; and has upward of 1000 in-
habitants, who live in a town of the
fame name. Lon. 2 17 w, lat. 49 45 n.
Aldftone ; fee Aljhn-moor.
Alegre, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Loire, 15 m se
JBrionde.

Alentejoi a province of Portugal, be.
tween the river Tajo and the province
of Algarve. Its oranges are of an ex-
cellent quality, and it produces much
rice- Evora is the capital.
Alenfonj a city of France, capital of

ALE

the dcparment of Ornc The manu-
fdi'.tnre of lace is confiderable. Near it
a-c lloneqiiariii's, in which are found a
Corr of cryltal like liriftol (b>ne6. It lit
Jiatid on the Sute, 30 m n by w Mans,
ami H7 Wiw Paris. Lon. o i e, lat. 48
2O s.

Alfpf>ot the capital of Syria, and next
to Conftantinople and Cairo, the moll
confiderable city in the Turkifti em-
pire. It Itands on eight hills, in the mid-
dle of a fruitful plain ; is of an oval
figure, 7 m in compafs, and fuppofed
to contain 250.000 inhabitants. The
caftle is on the higheft hill, in the
centre of the city ; .ind the houfes are
betttr than in other places in Turkey,
As ufual in the Kaft, they confift of a
large court, with a dead wall to the
ftreet, an arcade running round it,
paved with marble, and a marble foun-
tain in the middle. The ftrcetsare nar-
row, but well paved with large fquare
ftones, and kept very clean. Here are
many (lately mofques, caravanferas,
fountains, vineyards, and gardens. The
water in the wells is brackifh ; but
good water is brought .from fome
fprings about 5 m off, by an aquedudl,
faid to have been built by emprefs
Helena. The Chriftians have their
boufes and churches in the fuburbs, and
carry on a confiderable trade in filkSf
camblets, and leather. Large caravans
frequently arrive from Bagdad and
Baflbra, charged with the produds of
Perfia and India. Several European
nations have fadories here, and the
merchants live in greater fplendourand
fafety than in any other city in the
Turkifli f mpire. Coaches are not ufed
here, but perfons of quality ride on
horfeback, with a number of fervant*
before them, according to their rank.
Eighteen miles s f of Aleppo is a large
plain, bounded by low rocky hills, call-
ed the Valley of Salt ; this is over-
flowed in winter, and in April, the
water being foon evaporated by the
fun, leaves a cake of fait, in fome places
half an inch thick, which is fufficient to
fupply all this part of the country.
Aleppo is feated on a rivulet, 70 m se
Alexandretta, and 150 k Damafcus.
Lon. 37 16 E, lat. 35 40 N.

Alejfano, a town of Naples, in Terra
d'Otranto, 15 m sw Otranto.

Aleffiot a town of European Turkey,
in Albania, and a bifhop's fee ; feated
on a rock, wafhed by the Drino, 36 m
s£ Scutari, and 40 nne Durazzo.

Alet, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Aude, lately an epifcopal
lee. It is noted for its batbsi ^d fiands

mar the Py|

15 m s by

Aleutian
No> lher».

Alexandre\
of Syiia, on
the poit ot .
place, the tol
than the hoil
to many incj
trcme unwh<l
worft. Whil
the principal!
iioighbouringl
tains, where!
and dclicioul
jiw Aleppo-

35 N. .

Aiexandrin\
that part of ^
ferrat, which]
France, and
department
ttrong caftle ;|
often taken in I
The inhabitan]
have a confidt
in cotton and|
Tanaro, 40
Milan. Lon. I
Alexandria,\
Egypt, now mt
are ftill fome
fplendour. t^
of hieroglypl;
Needle ; and '.
one entire pie(
and 25 in circ
Pharos, fo fan
'was numbere(
ders of the w(
Pharillon, anc
into* the harbc
a canal to the
Rhamanie.
Alexander thi
chiefly of 01
harbour, the 1
part of the
great fquare 1
and the gates
marble. It
great trade,
Indies being
difcovery of
Good Hope.
fignior,who,
authority.
the French ii
in 1798; am
Englifh in i
Engliih in
tvacuated- I

A LR

near the Pyrenees, «u iIk; river Aiule,
15 m s by w CircHn'onf.

/l/c-utian IJlcinds i ice Anliipelago,
Noi them.

Alfxandretta, or ScanJeroon, a town
of Syii.i, on the Meditfrranean fe.i, and
the poit of Aleppo. Jt is now a potir
place, the tombs being more nutntious
tlian the houfcs. Thi' ro.icl h fubjetfl
to many inconveniences ; l>iit the ex-
treme imwholtfomciicfs of the air h thi
word. While the heats an- ey.ci.flive,
the principal inhabitants retire to the
nHghhouring villages, amonp the moun-
tains, where there is excellint water,
and delicious fruits. It is 60 m
NW Aleppo. Lon. 36 15 k, lat. 36

35 N-
Alexandria, or Ali-fanc'ria, a town in

that part of Milancfe adjoining Mont-
ferrat, which has been lately united to
France, and is now the capital of the
department of iVJarcugo. Here is a
ftrong caftle ; but the place has been
often taken in the various wars in Italy.
The inhabitants, computed at 12,000,
liave a confiderablc trade, particularly
in cotton and filk. It is feated on the
Tanaro, 40 m f Turin, and 50 ssw
Milan. Lon. 8 38 e, lat. 44 53 n.

Alexandria, or Scanderia, a town of
Egypt, row much decayed, though there
are ftill fame remains of its ancient
rplendour. He>-e is an ohelilk full
of hieroglyphics, called Cleopatra's
Needle ; and Pompey's pillar, which is
one entire piece of granite 70 feet high
and 25 in circumference. The ancient
Pharos, fo famous in antiquity that it
'was numbered among the feven won-
ders of the world, is now a caflle called
Pharillon, and ftill ufed todire(5l veifels
into the harbour. From the harbour is
a canal to the w branch of the Nile, at
Rhamanie. This city was firft built by
Alexander the great, and now confifts
chiefly of one long ftreet, facing the
harbour, the reft being a heap of ruins ;
part of the walls are ftanding, with
great fquare towers aoo paces diftant ;
and the gates are of Thebaic and granite
marble. It was formerly a place of
great trade, all the trcafures of the £
Indies being dcpofited here, beiore the
difcovery of the route by the Cape of
Good Hope. It is fubjed to the grand
Ggnior, who, however, has but a limited
authority. Alexandria was taken by
the French invaders, under Bonaparte,
in 1798; and taken from them by the
Englifh in 1801. It furrendered to the
Englilh in 1807, but was foon after
tracuated. It ii feated on the Mediter-

AL(;

r.mean, la/jm nw Cairo. Lon. 30 i«
K, lat. 31 II V.

'Ufxdndiiti, ."» town of Virginia, in
F.iiitax county, on the right bjnk of
tl''i'otoniac. Nine miles below isMount
Vernon, formerly t!ic feat of the cele-
brated general W.ilhingion. Akx-
iindiia is 5 rn sw ol tlie ciiy of VValhiii^;.-
ton.

Alexandria, a town of the (late of
Ohio, oti the rivir Ohio, at the inilux
of tlie Si.iito, 60 m s Chillicothe.

AUxandrow, a town and fort of
RuHla, iu the province of Cauc.ifia,
feated on the DonguIK", 30 m nnw
Georgiewflc.

Alfius, an ifland of Spain, at the
mouth of the El)ro, on the coaft of Ca-
talonia. It has a town of the same
name, ao m se Tortcfa.

Al/aro, a town of "•pain, in Old Caf-
tile, on the s fide of the Kbro, 9 m wnw
Tudcia, and 1 3 k Calahorra.

Alfayates, a town of Portugal, in
iJeiia, defendt.'d by a wall and caftle.
It ia fituateon an eminence, on the cor.-
lines of Spain, 150 m ne Liibun. Lon.
5 48 w, lat. 40 9 N.

Alfeizeraoy a town of Portugal, in
Eftremadura, on the fealide, 75 m nne
Lifbon. Lon. y 15 w, lat. 39 30 v

A/feld, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the principality of Ilildefheim, feated on
the Leine, 15 m ssw Hildeftieim.

Alfidena, a town of Naples, in Abruz-
zo Cilra, 40 m ssw Civita di Chieti.

Alfordt a town in Lincolnftiire, with
a market on Tuefday ; feated on a fmall
brook 6 m from the fca, 30 e Lincoln,
and 140 N by E London.

Alfordt a town of Scotland, in Aber*
decnihire, feated near the Don, over
which is abridge, a7 mwNw Aberdeen.

AlfarMont a town of N Carolina,
chief of Moor county. It is 40 m from
Fayctteville.

Alfrcton, a town of Derbyfliire, with
a market on Monday, and manufa(fture»
of ftockings and brown earthen ware ;
feated on a hill, 13 m K Derby, and 142
NNW London.

Algagliola, a fmall fortified feaport,
on the MW coaft of Corfica, at the mouth
of the Aregno, 38 m w by s Baftia.

Algarva, a province of Portugal^
bounded on the w and s by the fea, E
by the Guadiana, and n by Alentego.
It is fertile in figs, oranges, almonds,
dates, olives, and excellent wine. Faro
is the c'lpital.

Algaucin, a town of Spain, in Grana*
da, on the ridge of a hill, near the Gua-
ditU-Q, $i m wsw Malaga.

It ,»'.'f

pif

■,i :

I- I

I '1

m

Ji:.

i

[ill

ALO

^/?cr/, or Al^hicri, a feaport on the
w co'aft of Sardinia, and u bilhop's fee,
6 in s SiifTiri.

Alf^e^irat a province of Turkey in
Afini now ufiiaily cillcd i^/Vir/'c^.

ylli^eziraj, a town of Spain, in Anda-
Infia', on t!"> (\. ait of Gibraltar, but in
a mean coinluiMn. The ancient citadel
if) in ruins, and the liarbnur is decayed,
bnt affords llieilcr to numerous gun
boat« and fmall vcIIVls. It is 7 m w
Gibraltar.

v)/^/< n, a country of Rarhary, com-
prehending a j.'rer»t part of the ancient
Mauritania. It is 600 m fvom e to w,
and 1 70 in breadth ; bounded on the n
by the Mediterranean, e bv Tunis,
s by Mount Atlas, nnd w by Vlorocco.
It is divided ir..o the territory of the
cityof Algiers, and the provinces of Maf-
cara, Titori, and Conftantina. Mineral
fprings and waters are met with in
many places ; and feveral of the chains
of mountains contain lead and copper.
The principal rivers are the Shellif, Ma-
zafran, Malva, and Zaine. The land to-
ward the N is fertile in corn, and the
valleys are full of fruit ; but it is ill cul-
tivated. The melons have an exquifite
tafte, fome of which af'e ripe in fum-
mer, and others in winter. The ftems of
the vines are very large, and the bunches
nf grapes are a foot and a half long.
The Turks, who have the government
in their hands, are not above 7000 in
number ; and yet the Moors, or natives
of Africa, have no iharc in it. It is
a kind of republic under theprotedion
of the grand fignior, and governed by a
dey, who, however, can do nothing of
confequence without the council of the
jani/Taries. The Arabs, who live in
tents, are a diftinft people, governed by
their own laws and magiftrates, though
the Turks intcrpofe as often as they
pleafc. The dey is an abfolute monarch,
but elected by the Turkifli foldiers, and
frequently depofed and ptit to death by
them. The revenues of the government
arife from the tribute paid by the Moors
and Arabs, a detachment of the army
being fent into each province every year
to collect it? and the prizes they take
at fea fometimes equal the taxes they
lay upon the natives. The dey has fe-
veral thoufand Moors in his fervice,
both horfe and foot } and the beys or
viceroys of the provinces have each an
army under his command. The com-
plexion of the natives is tawny, and
they are ftrong and well made. Their
religion is Mohamedanifm, and their
language a dialed of the Arabic. They

A L G

have likewlfe a j;irg( n, compofcd of
Italian, French, and Spanifh, called
Lingua Franca, which is underftood by
the common people arid merchants.

Alf^lers, a ftrong city, capital of the
whole country of Algiers- It is btiilt on
thf iide of a mountain, next the har-
bour ; and the houfes appearing one
above ".nothcr, of a refplcndent white-
nels, mal<e a fine appearance from the
fea. The tops of the houfes are flat,
covered witi\ earth, and form a fort of
gardcnp. 'Ihc ftrccts are narrow, and
fervi' to keep off the extreme heat of
the fun. There are live gates, but no
public places or fquares oCconliderable
extent. The larger niofques are fcvcn,
but there Is nothing remarkable in their
architedure ; and the dey's palace is
far from bci^g fpacious and extenfivc.
The harbour is fmall, fliallow, and in-
fecure, and its entrance is incommoded
with numerous rocks. The mole of
the harbour is coo paces in length, ex-
tending from the continent to a fmall
ifland, where there is a caftle and a
large battery. The number of inhabit-
ants is faid to be 8o,ooo, in which are
included feveral thoufand Jewifh fa-
milies. Their chief fubfiftence is de-
rived from their pitacies, for tliey make
prizes of all ChriiUan Ihips that are not
at peace with them. The country about
Algiers is adorned with gardens and
fine villas, watered by fountains and
rivulets ; and thither the inhabitants
refort in the hot feafon. Algiers has
for a^cs braved the refentment of the
moll powerful ftates in Chriftendom.
Kmperor Charles v loft a fine fleet and
army in an expedition againft it in
1541. The Englilh burnt their veflela
in the harbour in 1635 and 1670* It
was bombarded by the French in 168S.
In 177s, the Spaniards made a defcent
near the city with a formidable army*
but were defeated with great flaughter.
In 1784, they fent a powerful fleet to
attack the forts that defend the har-
bour; but they were repelled by the
Algerines, although they made eight fuc«(
cpffive attacks with great bravery.
Aligers is 380 m w Tunis. Lon. 3 48
E, lat. 36 +0 N.

Algoa 3ayt a bay on the s coaft of
Africa. It lies open to the se wind,
and the entrance is diflicult when it
blows from other quarters. Notwith-
flanding its impediments, here is a mili-
tary eftablifhment, at the mouth of the
Baaker. environed by a country rich
in corn, fruit, and cattle. On the fum-
mit of a hill is Fort Fredenc* built hf

the Englli

Aigue, ft I
vincc of Rj
mine of go|
gua.

Alhama, I
nada, near)
counted tli(
on the Mo|
tains, as m

AlhambiaX
gon, near a|
Ternel.

A lie ant, al
Icncia, famol
frnitit. It hi
chief exports
.^llun, anifeeJ
The caftle, ol
ec! impregnal
the Engiilh i|
taken by the
ter a fiego oti
then part of tl
It is feated on|
bay of the i"ar
Lon. 031 w, IJ

A/icata, a
Mazara, with
It exports mu^
ftands at the
."E Girgenti. '.

Alicuda, the
pari iflands, ii
m w Felicuda.

Alifi, a towr
Lavoro, at the
35 m Nw Bene'

Alingfahs, a
Gothland, wit
and wool, 28 n

A/ifeiia, a to
dura, on the ri
can tar a.

Alkmaar ; f

Allahabad, a
Proper, 160 tr
bounded on th
s by Orifla an(
and Agra. Tl
on the SE bord
from E to w
Ganges crofTe
N fide.

Allahabad,
pital of the pn
withamagnifi(
ed by emperor
as a place of ai
will hardly ref
piece. It is fe
Jumna with tb
Calcutta. Lo

lompofcd of
nifli, called
iderftood by
frchantn.
ipital of the
It is built c.n
?xt the har-
pcaring one
id«'iit white*
:c from the
ifes are flat,
irm a fort of
larrow, and
me hrat of
atps, but no
con lid era ble
» are fcven,
able in their
's palaco is
i extenfive.
»w, and in-
icommoded
he mole of
length, ex-
t to a fmall
aflle and a
r of inhabit-
I which are
Jewirti fa-
snce is de-
r tliey make
hat are not
uitry about
rdens and
ntains and
nhabitants
Igiers has
lent of the
Iriftendom.
fleet and
nft it in
.e\r veflela
1670. It
in 168S.
a defcent
le army,
aughter.
fleet to
the har-
by the
light fuc-*
bravery.
|n. 3 48

?oaft of

wind,

^hen it

Jtwith-

I a mili-

ofthe

ly rich

)e futn-

lilt by

ALL

thcEnglifh in 1799. Lon. a6 ^0 K,Iat.
33 40 s.

^IJguf, a town of Cliili, in the pro-
vince of Rancagua. It has a very rich
mine of gold, and is 26 m N\v Ranca-
gua.

'Il/iama, a town of Spain, in Gra-
nada, near which are hot baths, ac-
counted tlic beft in Spain. It is Ibated
on the Motril, furrounded by moun-
tainp, as m sw Granada.

/Uhambia, a town of Spain, in Ara-
pon, near a river of its name, 7 m n
Ttniel.

^ilUantt a fcaport of Spain, in Va-
lencia, famous for excellent wine and
frnitii. It has a great trade, and the
chief rxpoits arc barilla, antimony,
alum, anifeed, cumin, and tent wine.
The caflie, on a high rock, was reckon-
ed iinpregnable; but it was taken by
the Engiilh in 1706. It was likewifc
taken by the Frencn and Spaniards, af-
t<r a fiege of almoll two years' ; and
then part of the rock was blovfi up.
It is feated on the Mediterranean, on a
bay of the fame name, 85 m s Valencia.
Lon. 032 w, lat. 38 16 n.

Altcata, a feaport of Sicily, in Val di
Mazara, with a fortrefs on a fmall cape.
It exports much corn and fulphur, and
ftaiids at the mouth of the Salfo, a8 m
SE Girgenti. Lon. 14 5 e, lat. 37 6 n.

Micuda, the moft weftern of the Li-
pari iflands, in the Mediterranean, 10
m w Felicuda.

Altfit a town of Naples, in Terra di
Lavoro, at the foot of the Apennines,
25 m Nvv Benevento.

Artns;fahs, a town of Sweder in W
Gothland, with manufactures of filk
and wool, a8 m ne Gotheburg.

A/ifeda, a town of Spain, in Eftrema-
dura, on the river Salon, 28 m &S£ Al-
cantara.

Alkmaar ; fee Akmaer.

Allahabad, a province of Hindooftan
Proper, 160 m long and lao broad;
bounded on the n by Oude, e by Bahar,
s by Orifla and Berar, and w by Malwa
and Agra. The Nerbudda, which rifes
on the SE borders of the province, flows
from E to w near its s fide ; and the
Ganges crofles it from w to e near its
N fide.

Allahabad, a city of Hindooftan, ca-
pital of the province of the fame name,
with amagnificent citadel.lt was found-
ed by emperor Acbar, who intended it
as a place of arms ; but its fortifications
will hardly refift the battering of a field
piece. It is feated at the conflux of the
Jumna with the Ganges, 470 m wnw
Calcutta. Lon. 82 o e, lat. £5 45 n.

ALL

A}tchurfh,t{y\\U%c in Worcenerflilre,
formerly a borough, 5 m t by n of
Bromfgrovc. The Roman Icknield
ftreet and the Worccller can.il pafi
it. The bilhop of Worce.lcr had for-
merly a palace here; and the church,
feveral parts of v.hich are of Saxon ar-
c!iite(f^ure, contains many antique mO"
numents.

AlUqnni/, or Apalachian Mountains,
a li)ng ran^reof mountains In N Ame-
ricH, between the Atlantic, the MitriflTip-
pi, and the lakes ; extending nearly
parallel with the fcacoaft, 900 m in
length, and from 60 to aoo in breadth.
'J'he different ridges which compofc this
imrntnfe range have different names in
the different ftatcs. Advancing from
the Atl.mt^'-, ihe firfl ridge of Pennfyl-
vania, Virginia, and N Carolina, is the
Blue ridge, or South Mountain, from
1^0 to aoo m from the fea, and about
40C0 feet high from its bafe. Be-
tween this and the North Mountain
fpreads a large fertile vale. Next lies
the Alltgani/, which is the principal
ridge, and has been defcriptively called
the Back-bone of the United States Be-
yond- this is the long ridge, called the
Laurel Mountains, in a fpur of which,
in lat. 36, is a fpring of water, 50 feet
deep, very cold, and as blue as indigo.
From tlx.'fe feveral ridges proceed in-
numerable namclefs branches or fpurs.
The Kittatiny, or Blue Mountains, run
through the northern parts of New
Jerfey and PennO-lvania. All thefe
ridges, except the Allegany, are broken
through by rivers, which appear to have
forced their way through folid rocks.
Thefe mountainsarefometimescalledthe
Apalachian, from a river, whofe original
fource proceeds from this ridge, called
the Apalachicola. They are not con-
fufedly fcattered, but ftretch along in
uniform ridges, fcarcely half a mile
high. They fpread as they proceed s,
and fome of them terminate in high
perpendicular bluffs ; others gradually
fubfide into a level country, giving rife
to the rivers which run foutherly into
the gulf of Mexico.

Mleganvt a river of the United States,
which rifes in the Allegany mountains,
in lat. 4s. At Fort Venango, at the
mouth of French creek, it is 200 yards
wide, and navigable for light batteaus.
At Pittfburg it joins the Monongahela,
and then aflumes the name of Ohio-
See Ohio.

Allenburgi a tovirn of Pruffia, on the
river Alle, 25 m ese Konigfberg.

Allendorf^ a town of Germany, ia
Lower Hefley famous for its falt-works.

m^

ALM

and tiirf r bridges over, the Wcna. It i«
1 3 m E Cartel.

Allen fttin^ or Ol/chneclit a town of
PriifTia", 55 m « Konit,'fbcrg.

AUcx, a town of France, In the de-
partment of Drome, lo m s Valence.

AUier, a dep.irtment «)f France, in-
chiding the Inte province of Bourbon-
noi«. It h fo called from a river, which
flows by^ Moulins, and enters the Loire,
below Nevers.

Alloa, a town of Scotland, in Clac!:«
mannanfhire, near the mouth of tlie
Forth. Here is a cuftomhoufe, a glafs-
honfe, an iron foundery, and an excel-
lent dry dock; and its harbour is the
refort of all the coal vefTels in the leigh-
bourhood. Near the town is a tower
90 feet high, with walls 11 feet thick-
It is 31 m WNW Edinburg. Lon. 3 45
w, Ijt. 56 6 N.

Allonby, a fifliing town in Weftmor-
land, much reforted to for bathin{^-. It
Aands on a flat fliAre of the Iriih fea,
8 m NNw Cockermouthy and a a wsw
Carlifle.

All-Saints Bav, or Bahia, a govern-
ment of' Bratil, \o called from a bay of
that name, which is 36 m in diameter,
and interfoerfed with a number of plea-
fant iflands. It is reckoned the fmalleft
province in Brafil, yet is the richeft and
moft fertile, having fome gold mines,
and producing great quantities of cot-
ton and fugar- St. Salvador is the capital.

Almagaron, a feaport of Spain, in
Murcia, with a fortrefs. It is famous
for a vrry fine red earth, ufed as an in-
gredient in Spanifli fnuif, and, inftead of
tripoli, to give the laft polifh to glafs ;
alfo for a truly saline white (lone, called
plume-alum. It ftands near the mouth
of the Guadalantin, %o m wsw Car-
thagena. Lon. i 26 w, lat- 37 31 n.

Almadot a town of Portugal, in Eftrc-
madura, feated on the Tajo, nearly op-
pofite Lifbon.

Almaieriy a town of Spain, in Man-
cha, famous Ibr its rich mines of mer-
cury and Vermillion, 45 m sw Ciudad
Heal.

Altnadetit a town of Spain, in Anda-
lufia, on the river Colar, 34 ra n by e
Seville-

Almagrt, a town of Spain, in Man-
cha, with a univerfity, 1 2 m bse Ciudad
Real.

Almaguert u town of New Granada,
in Pop^yan, feated on the Cauca, near
its fource, 36 m s Popayan.

Almanfor, a town of Fez, on the river
Cuir, near the fea, 10 m sw Sallee.
_ A/manza, a town of Spain, in Mur-
cia, with tbe rcmaina of an ancient

AT. N
caftle. Here is a eoundcrable rnanu*
fa(flure of linen cioth. This place is
famous (or a viiftory gained by the
French ami Spaniards in 1707, when
moft of the ..;li(h were killed or t^ken,
having be> tt abandoned by the Poriu-
pncfe liorfc at the firft charge. It is
lituate it) a fertile plain, on the frontiers
of Valencia, 35 m sw Xativa,and 6j N
Murcia. Lon. i 10 w, lat. 38 48 n.

Almeidat a fortified town of Portu-
gal, in Beira, on theriver C'oa, and near
the borders of Spain. The French took
it in 1810, and abandoned it in 1811,
after blowing up the fortrefs. It is 18
m NE Guarda.

Almtnara, a town of Spain, in Va-
lencia, fituate on an eminence near the
fea, 25 m NNK Valencia.

Almendralejo, a town of Spain, in Ef-
tremadura, 14 ms Merida.

Almeriay a city of Spain, in Granada,
and a bifliop's fee ; feated at the mouth
of the Almeria, 62 m se Granada. Lon.
2 o w, lat. j6 51 N.

Almijfa, a town of Dalmatia, famous
for its wine ; feated at the foot of a
high rock, and at the mouth of the
Cetina. 1 2 m e Spalatro.

Almondburj/, a village in W York-
(hire, feated on the Caldcr, 2 m ssb
Huddersfield. It was the Campodo-
num of the Romans, afterward a feat
of the Saxon kings, andhad once a caftle
and a cathedral.

Almondjbury, a village in Gloucefter-
ftiire, 7 m N Hriftol, where Alimond,
father of king Egbert, it faid to have
been buried. Here is a fortification of
the Saxons, with a double ditch, which
commands an cxtenfive view of the
Severn.

Almunexaf, a town of Spain, in Gra-
nada, with a good harbour on the Me-
diterranean, defended by a ftrong caftle,
30 m ssE Alhama. Lon. 3 45 w> ^^^'

36 .50 N.

Almunia, a town of Spain, in Aragon^
near the Xiloca, 27 m sw Saragofla.

Alnmoitih, a village in Northumber-
land, at the mouth of the Alne, 5 m k
Alnwick Large quantities of corn are
fliipped here, and vefTels of 300 tons
are built.

Alnivickt a corporate town, the capi-
tal of Northumberland, with a market
on Saturday. It is well built, and has
threegate8almoftcntire,whichlhowthat
it was formerly furroundcd by a wall.
It was defended by a ftately Gothic
caftle, now the feat of the duke of
Northumberland. Here is a fpacioua
fquare for the market ; and a large
towuhoufe, where the county meetings

ibte m.inu*
id placf in
cd by ihft
7071 when
idoriiken*
the I'oriu-
irge. It is
lie frontiera
i,aiid 6) K
38 48 N.
I of Portu-
a, and near
rench took
it in 181 It
. It is 18

lin, in Va»
ce near the

lain, in Ef<

n Granada,
the mouth
nada. Lon.

tia, famous
: foot of a
lUth of the

W York-

2 m ssK

Campodo-

■ard a feat

ice a caftle

Houcefter-

Alimondi

to have

Ification of

|ch, which

of the

1, in Gra-

the Me-
fng caftle,
}5 W| lat.

Aragon^

'ofla.

piumber-

;, 5m E

I corn are

loo tons

|he capi-

marlvct

land has

]owthat

la wall.

lOothic

luke of

lacious

la large

eetings

A L S

arc hold, pxcept the aflizos, which are
held at Ncwcaftlc. It is fcatcd on thf
river AIn, ;^4 m n Newcaitle, and 308
N by w London. Lou, i 30 w, lat. <;5
a5 N.

Alora, a town of Spnin, in Graoada,
with a ca(ll«* on a iiii^h conical hill. It
OiindA oil the lldc or a uiouiitaiti, in a
ri'-l> vale, 24 m nw M iluga.

///r//, a town of F lander'', on the
river Dciuier, 15 ni nw BrudVla.

v///.«flr/i, a town of Swini-rland, in
Undcrw.ildcn, feated on an arm of the
Like otth«* Four Cantons, 6ms Lnci-rn.

-////ly, a ch. lin of mountains, in Ku rope,
which bteiui, at the gulf of Oenon, to
the K of Nice, paflTcs into Swiircrl-ind,
crofTes that country and Tyrol, fcpa-
rates Germany from Italy, and termi-
nates at the N partof the gulf of Venice.
This grand cliain is fometimes divided
into two or more ridges, ranging one by
another, with only n.irrow vallies be-
tvvcen ; and the difftrent ptirtiono have
(!i(lin(it appellations, as the Maritime,
1 Penuint',l.epontine,Hilvptian,Uheti.4n,
Julian, &c. They aic compofed of ftu-
pcndous rocky malTcs piled upon each
other, from 4000 to above 15,600 feet
high. There are few pades over them,
and thofe of difficult accefs. Swifler-
land has the central part of thefe moun-
tains, and the vallies between them.
The famous Hannibal attempted to
crofs the Alps on the lide of Piedmont,
in the winter fcafon, when he invaded
Italy, and loft moft of his elephants
among them.

Alps, ^'pt>ery a department of France,
including part of the Ikte province of
Dauphiny. It is fo called from its vi-
cinity to the mountains of that name.
The capital is Mmbrun.

Alps^ Loiver^ a department of France,
including part of the late province of
Provence. The capital is Digna.

Alpsy Maritime, a new department of
Fiance, including the county of Nice.
The capital is Nice.

Alpuxaresy high mountains of Spain,
"n Granada, near the Mediterranean.
They are inhabited by the Morifcos,
who carefully cultivate the ground,
which produces excellent wines and
fruits.

Alresford, a town in Hampfliire, with
a market on Thurfday, and a manufac-
ture of linfeys. To the sw of the town
is a piece of water, covering about aoo
acres, which forms a head to the river
itchin. It is 18 m nb Southampton,
and 57 wsw London.
. Mface, a late province of France,
bounded on the % by the Rhine, s by

ALT

SwifTerland and Franche Comtc, w hy
Lorrain, and n by the palatin.tte of the
Rhine. It is a fertile country, pro-
ducing plenty of corn, wine, padurc,
wood, flax, tobacco, pulfc, and fruit.
There are mines of lilvir, copper, and
lead, as well as mineral waters. It is
diverfified with p'eulanl hills, and moun-
tains covered with torefta, in whicli are
lofty pine treen. It is iiomt included in
the department* of Upper and Lower
Rhine.

.■///<«, a fertile ifland of Denmark, in
the Little Ik-lt, between Slelwick and
l''uen, 100 m w Copenhagen. The chief
town :ii ''oiiderborg.

AhfJ(l,A town of OcrminyjinUppcr
Hcilc, with a caftle, feated on the
Schwalon, 12 m e M 'rbur>:.

Aljheda, a town of Sv^etkn, in Smo-
land, near which a gold uiinc was dif-
covered in I7jj8.

Aljleray a town of Naples, in the
county of Molife, on the river Tiferno,
»3 m N E Molife.

Aljliben, a town of Upper Saxony,
in the principality of Anhalt, 9 m ssw
Bernburg .

Aljladt, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Thuringia, with a caflle, on the rivulet
Rane, 8 m w Querfurt.

Aljladtt a town of Moravia, in the
circle of Olmutz, near the fourcc of the
Morau, 35 m nnw Olmutz.

A/Jhn-moor, or Aldjiotie, a town in
Cumberland, with a market on Satur-
day. Here is an iron foundery, and a
fliot manufadlure ; and in its vicinity
are numerous lead- mines. It is feated
on the fide of a hill, on the s branch of
the Tyne, 20 m e by s Carlifle, and
371 N by w London.

Altamont, a town of Naples, in Ca-
labiia Citra, 15 m nw Bafigniano.

Altamura, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Bari, at the foot of the Apennines,
10 m NE Gravina.

Altea, a town of Spain, in Valencia,
rich in wine, honey, lilk, and fla:C. It
was taken in 1705, for the archduke
Charles ; but loft after the famous bat-
tle of Almanza. It is feated on the
Mediterranean, 30 m ne Alicant.

Altcriy a feaport of Norway, capital
of Fininark, feated on a bay, which is
part of the gulf of Alien. Seven miles to
the E is Altengaard, the refidence of the
governor, near the mouth of the river
Alten. Many cows and Iheep are fed
here. The chief exports are fifli and
Ikins ; and the imports arc flour, fpirits,^
wines, and fpices. It is 1 1® m ssw of
the North Cape. Lon. %x 57 e, Ut. 69
55 N.

C 3

r ■•■» A

Vu ■¥, , ' ■J

uwWw

A [T

^ihtnju, a town of Lower Saxon jr»
In ihc icrritoryof Urunlwick, 8 in •
Gullar.

Aliitibfrjft ^ town of Upper S.ixnny,
in Mifni.i, ccltbratccl for it< tin mine,
ao m s Drefdi'ti.

AUenburi^, a town of Upper S.ixony,
in 'I'liuringii, with a caltlc on a rocic.
ftiii fcatcdontliclMrinc, aom sl,eip/.ic.

./(/c.-jittrif.Atovvn «it Lower Hiiiig;iry,
with an ancient caWW, now principally
ifcd for a corn magazine, it has tw«)
churches and a college, and is fi'.itid on
Ihc Leitha, at it* entrance into the
Danube, 17 m sse I'rcfburg.

Ahendoni, a town of the duchy of
Wcllphalia, on ihc river liij{gi'> 48 '" ^
by N Cologne.

Alteukirehen, a town of Germany, in
Wtftcrwald, chief of the county of
Sayn, with a caftle. It ia 15 m nne
C'oblentz.

Altf/Jon, a town of Piedmont, be-
tween the rivers Doirc and Stura, 3 m
N Turin.

Altiirch, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Rhine, on an emi-
nence, near the fource of the river Hi,
35 m s Colmar.

Ahmore, a town of Ireland, in the
•ounty of Tyrone, 7mNwDungannon.

Alton^ a town in Hampfhire. with a
market on Saturday. It has manufac-
tures of corded ftuflfs, figured baragons,
ribbed druggets, forges, &c. and round
the town are plantations of hops. It
is feated on the Wey, ag m ene Soutli-
ampton, and 47 wsw London.

Altona, a city and feaport of Lower
Saxony, in UoHtein, built by the Danes,
that it might rival Hamburg in com-
merce. It was burnt by the Swedes in
17 1 2, but has been beautifully rebuilt,
and is eftimated to contain 35,000 in-
habitants. It is feated on the Elbe, a m
w Hamburg. Lon. 9 58 b, lat. 53 34 n'.

Altorft a town of Franconia, in the
territory of Nurenberg, with a unirer-
fity, 16 m s£ Nurenberg.

Mtorft a town of Suabia, ao m ne
Conftance.

Altorf, a town of Swiflerland, capital
of the cajiton of Uri. Here are twoftone
pillars 130 paces from each other, at
which diftance Tell is faid to have Ihot
the apple from his fon's head. This
deliverer of his country lived at Burgli,
near this place, and his cottage is
changed into a chapel, where mafs is
iblemnly faid- Altorf ftands on the
lake of Lucem, near the influx of the
river Rufs, 20 m se Lucem. Lon. 8 40
%, lat. 46 48 ^f.

Altringhamt a town in Cheihiroy go-

AM A

verned by n mayor, with a market uii
Tuefdav. Here are feveinl maniifac-
turtrsof worded and cotton ; and muclfr
fruit and vi-getablen are fent hence to
Mancheder. It id ieatcd near the duke
of Hridgewatcr's canal, <o m ne ChcU
tcr, and 180 nw London.

Altufiinfri, a town of A fiaf ic Turkey,
in Kurdidan, fituate on the Altun, at
ih conflux with the Little Zab, ao m
NW Kcrkouk, and 90 sw Mot'iil.

A/va Je 'formes, a town of Spain, in
Leon, with a cadle, feated on the
Tormes, 16 m SK Salamanca.

Alvarada, a town of New Spain, ia
^luaxaca, on a lake and river of the
fame name, near the gulf of Mexico,
4a m SE Vera C'ruz, .md 160 nk Ou-
axacu.

Alvajlortt a village in Gloucefterthire,
8 m N by E Briftol. On the top of a
hill, near the Severn, is a round camp,
called Oldbury, where feveral antiqui-
ties have been dug up.

Alzei/i a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mont Tonnere, lately of
Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine;
fituate on the Selfle, 17 rn ssw Ment/.

Aizira, a town of Spain, in Valencia,
fituate on an ifland formed by the
Xucar, 17 ms Valencia.

Amadia, a town of Afiatic Turkey,
in Kurdidan, with a drong fort. It is
governed by a bey, and feated on a high
mountain, 40 m s by w Hetlis.

Amakt an ifland of Denmark, on
which part of Copenhagen, called Chrif-
tianlhafen, is built, it is U m long and
4 broad, and feparated from Zealand
by a channel, over which are two bridges
that communicate with Copenhagen.
It is laid out in gardens and padures,
and fupplies Copenhagen with milk,
butter, and vegetables.

Amalf a town of Sweden, in Dalia,
with a good harbour on the lake Wen-
ner. It has a great trade in timber,
deals, and tar ; and is 48 m n by e
Wennersborg. Lon. 13 40 e, lat. 59 0 n.

Amalagan, oneof theLadrone iflands,
about ao m in circumference. Lon. 145
38 £, lat. 18 o N.

Amaifit a feaport of Naples, in Prin.
cipato Citra, and an archbifliop's fee.
Flavio Gioia, who is faid to have in-
vented the mariner's compafs, was 3
native of this town. It dands on the
gulf of Salerno, 13 m sw Salerno. Lon.
1445 e, lat. 4028 N.

Atnand, St. a town of France, in the
department of Cher, near the river
Cher, aims Bourges.

Amanda St. a town of France, in the
department of Nord, with an abbey ;

Nited on

tiennes.

AmantfnA
Calabria Cii|
ao m sw C
.19 UN.

Amapallnl
Nicaragua, 1|
fule of the
fame name.

Amarantel
Entrc DourJ
Tamaga, 30

A mafia, a
Natol'a, the
the capital of
excellent win|
19 on the fur
in the rock b|
faid to have
Chryfodom.
merouH, and <
edifice. The
earthquake in
Tozzan, in th
tre of hills, 3^
4 K, lat. 40 a<

Amatiqua, a
<luraa, betwecl
thegulf Dulce

Amattf a td
bria Citra, on a
7 m SR Nicadrc

Amazon, or
America, and t
Its fource is in
Pacific ocean, i
Atlantic ocean
no(5lial line,
mouth is 150 n
its mouth it i^
receives, in its
rivers, many ol
J 500 m, and fc
to the Danuh
rainy feafon it
fertilizes the ad

Amazonia,
1400 m long 3
on the N by '
ana, e by the /
s by Paraguay]
difcov^ed in 1
lana, who, cc
down the rivei
tic. Obfcrvin
in arms on it!
country Amaz
of Amazon to
merly been ca
in this country
expe(^ed, confi
torrid zone ; t
heavy rains, v
tions of the i

market o»
I m.iiuiruc-

nm\ muclr
it hence to
;tr the dukr
n NIL Chel-

HcTurkejr,
' Altun,at
Zib, 30 m

if Spain, in

cd on the

I.

w Spain, in

yer of the

»f Mexico,

60 Nk; Ou>

icfftcrlhire,
le top of a
und campt
al antiqui-

I in the de-
e, lafelyr of
■the Rhine;
w Ment/.
n Valencia,
cd by the

'\c Turkey,
ort. It is
1 on a high
is.

nmark, on
lied Chrif-
1 long and
t Zealand
cvo bridges

enhagen .

paftures,
ith milk,

I in Dalia,
ike Wen-
timber,
N by E
It. 590 N.
he iflands,
|Lon. 145

in Prin-

)p's fee.

Ihave in-

was a

on the

to. Lon.

|e, in the

le riycr

:, in the
abbey ;

AM A
Ntted on the Scarp, 7 nr k Valcn*
<ifnn<i.

.■InMntfn, a fenport of N.tple«, in
Cilabria Ciira, nrarthe bayof Eufcmia,
ao m 8w Cufrnzn. Lon. 16 10 B, lat.

.?9 II N-

Amapallrt, a fcaport of Mexico, in
Nicaragua, feated on an ifland nn the w
fulc of the entrance of a gulf of the
fame name. Lon. HS 30 w,lat. 13 10 n.

Amarantf, a town of Portugal, in
Entre Douro c Minho, on the river
Tamaga, 30 m enr Oporto.

Amajla, a city of Aitatic Turkey, in
Natol*a, the birthplace of Strnho, and
the capital of u diftridl which produces
exctUtnt wines .ind fruits. The caftle
is on the fummit of a mountain ; and
in the rock below are five excavations,
faid to have been the retreats of St.
Chryfuftom. The mofques are nu-
merous, and one of them ii a very fine
edifice. The city was injured by an
<'arthquake in 1794. It is feated on the
Tozzan, in the recefs of an amphithea-
tre of hills, 38 m Nw Tocat. Lon. 36
4 K, lat. 40 35 N.

Amatiqua, a gulf in the bay of Hon-
duras, between Cape Three Points and
the gulf Dulce. Lon. 90 ow, lat. 16 on.

Awat»f a town of Naples, in Cala-
bria Citra, on a river of the fame name,
7 m SR Nicafl.ro.

Amazon, or Maranortt a river of S
America, and the greatcft in the world.
Its fourcc is in Peru, not far from the
Pacific ocean, and running e enters the
Atlantic ocean diredly under the equi-
notflial line. Its courfe is 3300 m its
mouth is 150 m broad, and 1500 m from
its mouth it is 30 fathoms deep. It
receives, in its progrefs, near 200 other
rivers, many of which have a courfe of
1500 m, and foine of them not inferior
to the Danube, or the Nile. In the
rainy feafon it overflows its banks, and
fertilizes the adjacent country.

Amazonia^ a country of S America,
1400 m long and 960 broad ; bounded
on the N by Terra Firma and Guay-
ana, e by the Atlantic ocean and Brafil,
s by Paraguay, and w by Peru. It was
difcovdVed in 1580, by Francifco Orel-
lana, who, coming from Peru, failed
down the river Amazon to the Atlan-
tic. Obfcrving companies of women
in arms on its banks, he called the
country Amazonia, and gave the name
of Amazon to the river, which had for-
merly been called Maranon. The air
in this country is cooler than might be
expedled, conQdering its fituation in the
torrid zone ; this is owing partly to the
heavy rams, which caufe the inunda-
tions of the livers for one half of the

AMB

yrar, and partly to the cloudinefi of the
atmofphere, by which the fun it oh-
ffurcd thf greattft part of the day.
The fair feafon is about ihe time of the
roI(\icc8t and the rainy feafon about the
equinoxes. The foil is very rich and
fertile ; the treci and plants are verdant
all the year. In the woods are tigers,
wild boars, btiffaloH, deer, and game
of various kinds. The rivers and lakes
abound with filh, but are infcfhd by
alligitors and water ferpcnts. Their
banks are inhabited bydificrent tribes of
Indiatit, governed by petty fovercigns,
didiiiguifiied from their fubjcifts by a
coronet of beautiful fcathtrt, a belt of
tiget»' teeth or claws, and a wooden
fword. The natives are of n good
ftature and copper colour, with hand-
fome features and long blaci hair. '1 hty
make cotton clotli; and their houfes
are built of wood and clay, thatclied
with reeds. Their arms are darts,
javelins, bows and nrrow.t, and targets
of cane or filhlkin. The Spaniards have
made many unfucccfsful attempts to
fettle in this country ; but on the coaft,
between Cape North and the mouth of
the Amazon, the Portugucfe have fomc
fmall fetilements.

Amber,^, a fortified town, capital of
the palatinate of Bavaria, with a ftrong
cafiie. The magnificent church of St.
Martin contains many beautiful paint-
ings and curiofities ; and the mint is
eftecmed one of the fineft buildings of
the kind in Germany. In 1743 '^ w*
taken by the Auftrians, and in 1796 by
the French. It is feated on the river
Ills, 40 m E Nurenberg. Lon. 12 o E,
lat. 49 27 N.

Amberleux, a town of France, in the
department of A in, 25 m n v. Lyon.

Ambertt a town of Fiance, in the de •
partinent of I'uy de Dome. There ar ;
numerous papevmakers in its vicinity ,
and it has a trade in coarfe laces, cam-
lets, ferrets, &c. It is feated in a bea i-
tiful valley, on the river Dore, 21 m e
Illbire.

Ambleside, a town in Weftmorlatid,
with a market on Wedncfday, and ar.ia'
nufadlure of voollen cloth ; feated on
the Rotha, near the head of Win>lcr-
mere-watcr, 13 m nw Kendal, and 276
NNw London.

Ambleteuse, a feaport of France, i \ the
department of Pas de Calais, defended
by a batter)'. At this port Cefa; cm-
barked his cavalry when he pafled over
into England; and here James 11 land-
ed on his leaving England, in 1688.
It is feated on the Englifli chaine], i
m N Boulogne. Lon. i ^6 b, lat. 50
49 N.

i .1]

it '^1

w

'f

11^^

A ME

Amheht, a town o\ I'rnncci In the <Je«

SartiiH-nt of lurlrc aiul l.«)ir»>. Thf
ain il*!' «»f tin- c«01f ii without ncpii,
mul ni»y hr iifccniKil to the very top.
H<r«' f,.>ui» XI iiiftiiutril thi" order of
Sr. Michel. It U fiatnl .it the conflux
of tl>c M.idcc with \\u Loir**, 1 1 m r.
l>y N 'f.niih, nnd ii^ ^ hy w ".irin.

.\mt>Hriuiff% .1 t.iwn «)r Fr.iiiCf , in the
dcp.irtnu'i't "of Ain, ao m N\v Ik-licyi
and 17 NK Lyon.

.'tmh'ji/»n, .III in.ind in the Imli.in
ocean, thf Dutch mi't'opolisofthc Mo-
liicr 18. It in t^h m in Icn^ih, and divid-
«d,on thr w tide, liy a l.irgc lay into
two pntt^ { the l.o>;>'ll of which isc.illed
H« tuu,aiidtht'othiT Lcytimor. The fur-
face i8b*M.itiful; woody hilisandvordant
plainit (.('iiix iiitrrfpcrlcd with h;imlct8,
and (.nrichcJ by cuItiv;ition. The chief
products arc clovest nutmegs, fugar,
CofTcc, ami many delicioui fruit*. The
principal animatsari! deerand wild liogs.
The natives wear large whilkers, and
thiirdrets is only a flight piece of ftuff
wrapped rmind their middle- The men
buy their wives of tlieii parents, and if
they prove h.irren, the m.irriage is void.
They .ire ptnerally Mohamedans ; but
there are fomc C'hriilians amonjj them.
The Knglifh and Dutch had tactories
here .it the beginning of the ipthccn-
tuiy ; l)Ut the Dutch expelled the
£ng!ifli, and tortured and put to death
m.'iMy of them. The ifland was taken
b; Mic Engllfli, in 1796 ; reftored by the
tr>: 'y at ''.miens, in 1802 ; and again
taucil by the rnglifh, in 1810. The
chief town is of the fame name, neatly
built, and (land«j near thesw extremity,
li >n. 1 27 2o E, lat. 4 :o s.
Ah.bresbury, ht Amesbury-
Arnlroset St. an iflind on th-- coaft of
Chili, IS m w from St. Felix ifland. The
crew of captain Roberts, in 1793, killed
and cured here 13,000 feal fliins. Lon.
80 55 vv, lat. 26 13 s.

Ambry m, one of the New Hebrides,
in the Pacific ocean, 50 m in circumfer-
ence. Lon. 168 12 E, lat. 16 10 N.

Amedubad, a city of Hindooftan, the
capual of Guzcrat. The walls are 6 m
in circumference, and contain 1 2 gates ;
but nov*' not a quarter of the an-a is in-
habited. The mofque and tomb of the
founder, Tatar Ahmed, are bull'- of
ftone and marble, the laft of cxquifite
workm.mfljip. It was taken by the
Englifli, in 1780, from the Poonah iMah-
raitae, to whom it was reftored in 1783.
It is felted in a level countryj on a navi-
gable river that enters the gu^f of Cam-
bay, 320 m N Bombay. Lon. j% ij e,
lat. 23 18 N. • '

A >r E

Amidnaffur, % city and fort of \\\r\-
do >fl'i>> once the capital of the fonhih
ot Its ii.iiiu , V. hi( h in now better known
by th.it ot Dowl.ii.ilt.id. This city wai
the rcfiilence of emperor Aumng-
y.i be, during hin coiHjueft of thi Uccc.in
and the (J imalie. In iHo.wil wa«tuUen
by the llritidi nn«l«r general VVelh flcy.
It ii 7.) m NK IVioiia. l.on. 75 o k, lat»
19 10 N

Amttnahtul, a town of Hindooftan, ifi
Lihore, 35 m n by w L.hore.

Aniflin, an ifland on the co.ift of E
Florida, 13 m long and 2 bioad ; ex*
lending, about am from the continnitf
between the riveis St. M.iry and Nairui.
It is very fertile, and h.iH a town with an
excellent harbour, at its N end. Lon.
81 35 w,lat. 30 41 N.

■ inieJitt, a town of Italy, in the duchy
of Spoleto, featcd on a mountain be-
tween the Tiber and Nira, 20 m sw
Spoleto, and 4.1; N Homo.

.inielia, a town of S Carolina, feated
on theSantec, a6 m .sf. Columbia.

AMElllCAfOnc of the four grand di-
vifions of the world, and by much the
largeft; bounded on all fides by the
ocean. It took its name from Amcricua
Vefpucius, a Florentine, who having ac-
companied Ojtda, a Spanifti adven-
turer, to America, in . ',97, drew up an
amufing hiftory of his voyage, in which
it was infinuated, that the glory of hav-
ing firft difcovercd the continent of the
new world belonged to him. This was
in part believed ; the country began to
be called after the name of its fnppofed
firft difcoverer ; and the unaccountable
caprice of mankind has perpt>tuated
the error. But America was firft difco-
vered by Chriftopher Columbus, a Ge-
nocfe, in 1492. It is called the Nevtr
World with great propriety \ for not
only the men, but the birds and beafts,
diflcr, in fome refpeds, from thofc
known before. It has* like wife a great
number of trees and plants, that grew
no where elfe before they were tranf-
mittcd to other places. All the men,
except the Kfquimaux, near Green-
land, feem to have the fame origin ; for
they agree in every particular, from the
ftrait of Magellan, in the s, to Hudfon
bay, in the n. Their flcins, unlefs
daubed with greafe or oil, are of a red
copper colour, and they have no beards,
or hair on any other parts of their bo-
dies, except their beads, where it is
black, ftraight, and coarfe. ' Many are
the conjeftures about the peopling of
this vait continent, and almoft as va-
rious as their authors. America is fo
long, that it takes in not only all th^

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torrid, but
of the frigid]
rica is muci
tries of EurJ
tudc. A d
naturally be
dudlions. Il
mod foutherl
cold, fterile,!
centre are fu|
nerals, i)reci<
of the mod
tnodities. It|
different Ian;
rica, a vaft
the different
and as to relit
tolerable ac<
though fomcl
the aborigines
the fun. Thl
Spaniards in i
here was the t
they ar.H the
of all tliv x: p
the greateft \
nent is divide
America, wh
ifthmus of Da
mountains in
Andes and Al
menfe ranges;
rivers, fuch ;
Oronoko, Mill
fa, Ohio, St. ]
laware, Sufqut
fide the aborig
terior parts, ai
America, wht
fome of the fii
ent European
flourifbing col
rica, Great B
tain. Upper a
Scotia, and Ni
Eaa and Well
Mexico, New
and Ruflia has
inlet- In S i
Terra Firma,
Chili, and Par
fit, and part of
and Great Bri
remainder of (

Amerpour, f
the province o
Lon. 87 z E,lj

Amersfortt
date of Utrecl
and tobacco, ;
are (hipped h<
feated in a fer
£mbs, 10 m E

Amerjhamy
lough in B

4>

-I

AMfi

torrid, but alfo the temperate nnd part
of the frigid zones. The cold of Ame-
rica is much greater than in the coun-
tries of EuropC} under the fame lati-
tude. A continent fo cxtenfive muft
naturally be various in its foil and pro-
ductions. In the mod northern and
moft fouthern parts, the coimtries are
cold; fterile, and defert ; while in the
centre are found the richeft mt-tals, mi-
nerals, i^ecious ftoncs, and abundance
of the moft valuabli? and uicfui com-
modities. It is hard to fay liow many
different languages there are in Ame-
rica, a vaft number being fpoken by
the different people in different parts ;
and as to religion, there is no giving any
tolerable account of it in giencral,
though fomc of the moft civilized of
the aborigines fcem to have worfhipped
the fun. The principal motive of the
Spaniards in fending fo many colonifts
here was thethirft of gold ; and indeed
they a^..^ the Portugu^ fe are pofleflTed
of all tl.v f parts where it is found in
the greateft plenty. This vaft conti-
nent is divided into North and South
America, which «ire joined by the
ifthmus ofDarien. It has the loftieft
mountains in the world, fuch as the
Andes and Allegany, which form im-
menfe ranges; ana :he moft ftupendous
rivers, fuch as the Amazon, Plata,
Oronoko, Miftiftippi, Miflburi, Arkan-
fa, Ohio, St. Lawrence, Hudfon, De-
laware, Sufquehana, Potomac, 8fc. Be-
fide the aborigines, who inhabit the in-
terior parts, and the United States of
America, who polTefs Louifiana, and
fome of the fineft provinces, the differ-
ent European powers have rich and
flourifhing colonies her?. In N Ame-
rica, Great Britain pof.effes New Bri-
tain, Upper and Lower Canada, Nova
Scotia, and New Brunfwi.:k ; Spain has
Eaft and Weft Florida, Mexico, New
Mexico, New Albany, and California ;
and RulTia has fome fettlement8 on Cook
inlet- In S America, Spain poffcffes
Terra Firma, New Granada, Peru,
Chili, and Paraguay ; Portugal has Bra-
fil, and part of Amazonia and Guayana;
and Great Britain and Spain have the
remainder of Guayana.

Amerpour, a town of Hlndooftan, in
the province of Napal, 170 m ne Patna.
Lon. 87 a E, lat- a6 37 s.

Amersforti a town of Holland, in the
ftate of Utrecht, it has a trade in beer
and tobacco, and goods from Germany
are fhipped here for Amfterdam. It is
feated in a fertile country, on the river
Embs, 10 m ENE Utrecht.

Amerjhaniy or A^^mondejham, a bo-
tough in JBuckinghamlhire, with a

AMM

market on Tuefday. The townhall is
the handfomeft in the county. It is
feated in a vale between woody hills,
36 m Nw London.

Amejbury^ or Ambrejhurij, a town In
Wiltfhire, with a market on Friday. It
is feated on the Avon, at the place where
a number of Britons weretreacheroufly
murdered, and near that famous monu-
ment of antiquity, Stonehenge. Here
are^ the ruins of a venerable abbi'y.
This place gave birth to the celebrated
Jofeph Addifon. It is 6 m N Salilbury,
and 77 w London.

Amejhury, a town of Maffachufets, in
Effex county, fituate on the Merrimac,
at the influx of the Powow, 4 m nw
Newbury Port.

Amherfl, a town of New Hampfltire,
capital of Hillborough county. The
Aurean academy was founded here in
1790. It is fltuale on a n branch of
the Souhegan, ^^ m nw Bofton, and 6b
W8W Portfmouth. Lon. 71 33 w, lat.

\% 54 N.

Amherjit a town of Maffachufets, ia
Hamplhire county, 8 m nne North-
ampton, and 91 w Bofton.

Amherjlburgy a town and fort of
Upper Canada, on the R fide of the
river Detroit, at its entrance into Lake
Erie. Lon. 8a 56 v.-, lat 42 36 n.

Amidy a town of Aliatic 'lurkey, in
Natolia, 40 m E Amafia. Lon. 36 40 e,
lat. 40 3* N.

Amiensy a city of FrancCj and an epif-
copal fee, capital of the department of
Somme. The cathedral is a ftately
ftrudlure ; beHde which there are 10
parifh churches, one in the fuburbs, and
an academy of belles lettres. Three
branches of the river Somme pafs
through this city, and afterward unite.
It was taken by the Spaniards in 1597,
but retaken by Henry iv, who built a
citadel. It has manufaAures of linen
and woollen cloth, which employ, in
the city and adjacent country, 30,000
people. A treaty of peace was con-
cluded here in 1802, between Spain,
Holland, France, and England. It is
20 m SE Abbeville, and 75 N Paris.
Lon. 2 tS E, lat. 49 54 N.

Amlnuichy a town of Wales, on the
NW coaft of Anglefea, with a harbour
for fmall veffels. In 1768, when the
Parys mines were opened, it did not
contain above (ix houfes ; and in 1801
they amounted to 1025. The church
was eredled by the Parys Mine Com-
pany, who have alfo greatly improved
the harbour. It is 45 m w Beaumaris,
and 275 NW London. See Parys.

Amman, a town of Syria, anciently
the capital of the Ammonites, called

1

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1

i

1

i

1

J

U^-^^'

(.111

A M!^
HHbhah Ammon, and now the princi-

g;»l place of a diflriiil. It i« ^o m sw
olra.

Ammcrcott a fort of Iliiulooflan, in
the cxtciilivf famly dcfart brtwccn the
Indus and the Puddar. This place is
celebrated a» the retreat of tmpcror
Iliimaic'jn, during hin troubles ; and
hrre was born his fon, the illullrious
Acbar. It is i6om i.ne Tatta. Lon.
70 o E, lat. 25 40 N.

Arnold a town of Ufbcc Tartary, in
Bokharia, and a place of confiderablc
trade. It is feated on the Amu, 60 m
w Bokhara. Lon. 62 4 k, lat- 39 4 ^^

Amol, a town of Periia, in M.r/an-
df.ran, with the remains of an ancient
fortrcfs and pahce. It has manufac-
tures of cotton, and in the neighbour-
hood are iron mines and cannon foun-
deriea. It ftands in a plain, between
Mount Taurus and the Cafpia> fea, 50
jnwNwSari.

AmoKeburg, a town of Germany, in
Upper ilefle, leated on the Otlieni, 8
jn ENt: Marburg.

Amorgo, an ifland of the Archipelago,
fertile in wine, oil, and corn. The beft
cultivated pans belong to a monaftory.
It is 30 m in circumference, and 67 n
Candia. Lon. 26 15 e, lat. 36 20 n.

Amour, or Amur ; fee Saghalien.

Amoy, an ifland onthesE coaft of
China, 15 m in circumference. The
Englidi had a fadlory here, but aban-
doned it, on account of the impofitions
of the inhabitants. Its port, on the w
fide, is capable of receiving 1000 ftiips.
Lon. 1 1 8 45 E , lat. 24 ao n .

Amplepuis, a town of France, in the
department of Rhone, celebrated for
its wines. It is 16 m w Villefranche,
and 26 Nw Lyon.

Ampojlut a town of Spain, in Cata-
lonia, on the river Ebro, 7ms Tor-
tofa.

Ampthiil, a town in Bedfordfhire,
with a market on Thnrfday. It was
the refidence of Catharine, queen of'
Henry VIII, during the time that her
unjuft divorce was in agitation. This
event is commemorated by a poetical
infcription on a column where the old
caftle ftood. It is fituate between two
hills, 6ms Bedford, and 45 nw Lon-
don-

Ampurias, a feaport of Spain, in Ca-
talonia, at the mouth of the Flu via, 70
m NE Barcelona. Lon. 3 o e, lat. 4a
9 N.

Amras, a caftle or palace of Ger-
many, in Tyrol, at the foot of a moun-
tain, 2 m SE Infpruck-

Amfttrdam, a rich and populous city,
capital of Holland, and of the deparu

A M W

mPDt of Amftel. Next to London, it ••
deemed the moft commercial city in the
world, and is fuppofcd tu contain
St 2,000 inhabitants. The walln are
high and well fortihed i and the bridge,
which joins the rampart, is built over
the river Amllcl. Few cities have their
public buildings fo Bne, nnmerou<i.and
well kept. Here arc many handfome
churches, colleges, and hofpitals for
perfons of all religiono and countries.
The exchange is one of the ptincipal
ornaments of the* city, und the harbour
is one of the fined in Europe. Th*f
foundation of this town is laid upon
piles, driven into a morafH, and under
the Itadthoufe alone arc 13.659. The
ftreets are broad and well paved, and
molt of them have canals, with rows of
trees on each fide ; but there are no
fpacious public places, or fquarcs. It
furrendered to the king of Frnifia in
1787, when that prince invaded Hol-
land, in favour of the ftadtholdcr j it
received the French troops in 1995*
without any refutancei and in Dec.
1 8 13, it was the firft place that de-
clared for the reftoration of the houfc
of Orange. It is feated at the conflux
of the Amfiel and Wye, 70 m nw
Cleve, and 80 N by e Antwerp. Lon.
4 5: E, lat. 52 »* N.

Amjhrdam, and iSt. Paul, twoiflands
in the Indian ocean, lying in the fame
longitude, at 40 m diftance. Their
names arc rcverfed by navigators, but
moll of thtm call the northern one St.
Paul, and the fouthern Amfterdam-
The latter is high land, and upward of
4 m long and 2 broad. It has evident
marks of volcanic eruption in every
part, and almoft wholly covered with
a deep fertile foil, but is deflitutc of
trees. On the e fide is a great crater,
into which the fea has made a narrov/
and Ihallow entrance : its fliclving lides
are 700 feet in perpendicular height, in
which, and in the caufeway dividing it
from the fea, are feveral hot fprings of
frelh water. St. Paul, or the northern
ifland, prefents no very high land, or
any rife in a conic form. It is covered
with flirubs and low trees, but has no
convenient landing-place. Lon. 77 48
E, lat. 37 51 s.

Amjlsfdam, New ; ft:e Tongataboo.

Amu, or Cihon, a river of Indepen-
dent Tartary, which ilfues from the
mountains of Relur, on the confines of
India and Perfia, flows n through Bok*
haria, into Turcomania, and enters the
s extremity of the lake Aral, after a
courfe of 900 miles.

AmwelL a village in Hertfordlhire, a
mile s of Ware, famous for originally

giving rife to tl
plies a great p.T
A»aco/>ifi, tl|
the Abkahs,
its entrance ir

40 30 E, lat. 4
Anadir, a ri|

its fource out
of Tchukotlkl
of Anadir, in

Anagni, a
pagna di RomJ

Anahy or
Turkey, in Di.|
ducing abundaf
Aands on the
Bagdad, and

41 45 K, lat. 34
Ananpour, a 1

Myfore, 24 m

Anatitpour, a
Myfore, 100 nr
120 N Bangalor

Anargh'ta, a
fitunte on a rive
the Black fea, 5

Annttom, an i
of the New II
ocean. Lon. i;

Anhar, a tow
Irak Arabi, witli
man the great; i
40 m w Bagdad.

Ancarano, a
marquifate of i
and 82 NE Romi

Ancafler, a vil;
m s Lincoln. I
highway, at the
abounds with ar
end are the rema

Ancenis, a tow

Eartment of Low
oire, 20 m E N

Anc/ioJm, a 1
which rifes neai
to Glanfordbrid
thence to the Hi

Anclam, a for
Pomerania, on tl
Gripfwald.

Ancober, a terri
Gold coaft, to t
a river of the
through it ; and
with a good ha
lat. 4 50 N.

Ancona, a mar
Ecclefiaftical St;
broad ; bounded
NE by the gulf o
and sw by Spole
narticularly in h(
-plenty of wax

A NC

flvlnRrifeto the New River, which flip*
ph'(*s agrent p.irt uf London with water.
//«<ico/*/«, the capital of the nation of
the Abkalis, on the river Maltai, ne:ir
its entrance into the Black Tea. Lun.

40 i^o E, Kit. 43 ao N.

Anadir^ a river of Siberia, which has
its fonrce out of a lake in the province
of Tchukotiki, and rnns into the gulf
of Anadir, in the foa of Kamfchstka.

Anax'ii, a town of Italy, in Cam-
p.ignadi Roma, 3am K Rome.

Analit or Annut a town of Afialic
Turkey, in Diarbek, in a country pro-
ducing abundance of corn and fruit. Jt
ftaiids on the Euphrates, i6otnwNw
Bagdad, and 260 sse Diarbekir. Lun.

41 ii5 ii,lat. 34 16 N.

Ananpunr, a town of Hindooftan, in
Myforc, 24 m se Nagara.

Anantpotir, a town of Hindooftan, in
My fore, 100 m ne Chitteldroog, and
120 N Bangalore.

Aftarg/iia, a town of Mingrelia,
fitur^tc on a river, near its entnince into
the Blade fea, 50 m wsw Ruki.

Anattom, ATI iniind,the moft fouthcrn
of the New Hebrides, in the I'acilic
ocean. Lon. 170 9 e, lat. 20 10 s.

Anbar, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
Irak ArabI, with a palace built by Soly-
man the great; feated on the Euphrates,
40 m w Bagdad.

Ancarano, a town of Italy, in the
marquifate of Ancona, 5 m n Afcoli,
and 82 NE Rome.

Ancafter, a village in Lincoinlhire, 15
m s Lincoln- It ftands on a Romnn
highway, at the foot of a hill which
.ibounds with antiquities, and nt the 3
end are the remains of a caftle.

Ancenis, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Loire, feated on the
Loire, 20 m E Nantes.

Ancholm, a river in Lircolnfhire,
which rifes near Market Raifin, flows
to Glanfordbridge, and is navigable
thence to the Humber.

Anclam, a fortified town of Hither
Pomerania, on the river Peene, 20 msE
Gripfwald.

^wco^fr, a territory of Guinea, on the
Gold coaft, to the w of Axim- It h.is
a river of the same name, flowing
through it ; and at its mouth is a town
with a good harbour. Lon. i 10 w,
lat. 4 50 N.

Ancona, a marquifate of Italy, in the
Ecclcliaftical State, 70 m long and 50
broad ; bounded on the ."^w by Urbmo,
NE by tht; gulf of Venice, s by Naples,
and sw by Spoleto. The foil is fertile,
narticularly in hemp and flax, and there
'■■. plenty of wax and lioney.

AND

Ancona, a city of Italy, capital of the
marquifate of Ancona, and a blfliop'!
fee, with a citadel on a hill. The ca-
thedral ftands upon another hill, and
the houfes extend down the fide of the
eminence toward the gulf of Venice.
Clemetit x 1 1 built a mole, to render the
harbour f ik- ; it is creifted on the ruins
of the ancii lit mole, raifcd by Trajan,
and is above aooo fi-et in length. Near
this ftands the beautiful triumph.1l arch
of Trajan. Here like wife ('Icmcnt
ereifted a lazaretto, wliioh advances a
little way into the fea, in the form of a
pentagon. Great numbers of Jews are
fettled in thia city, where they have a
fynagogue ; and they have the principal
ihare of its commerce. Ancona was
taken in 1796 by the French, who fur-
rcndercd it to the Auftrians in 1799- It
is 116 m N by e Home Lon. 13 29 t,
lat. 43 38 N.

Andaltijia, a province of Spain,
which, in its largeft fenfe, is divided into
Upper and Lower : Upper Andalulia,
comprehends the province of CJrana-
da; and Lower Andalufia, thediftrifts
of Seville, Cordova, and Jaen. Anda-
lufia, in a rcftrided fenfe (excluding
Granada) is ayo m long and 80 broad ;
bounded on the n by Eftremadura and
Mancha, e by Murcia, s by Granada
and the Mediterranean, and w by the
Atlantic and Portugal. The Guada!-
quiver runs through its whole length ;
and it is the moft fertile and trading
country in Spain. Tho capital is Seville.

Andalusia, Neiv ; fee Pnria-

Andaman (/lands, feveral ifland.i on
the E fide of the bay of Bengal. The
largeft, called Great Andaman, is 120
m long and 16 broad, indented by deep
bays affording good harbours, and in-
terfered by vaft creeks, one of which
pafl"es quite through the ifland, and at
high water is navigable for fmall vef-
fels. The forefts afford fome precious
trees, as ebony and the Nicober bread-
fruit ; and the edible birds-nefts abound
here. The only quadrupeds feem to be
wild hogs, monkeys, and rats. The in-
habitants are in a ftateof barbarifm, and
live chiti^y on fifh, fruits, and herbs ;
they pcifedly refemble Negros, and
their canoes are of the rudeft kind. In
1793, theEnglifli made a fettlement on
the N end of Great Andaman, the
largeft illand, which is called Port Torn-
wallis, and has a commodious harbour
to flielter fliips during the ne monfoon.
Lon. 93 o E, lat. 13 30 n.

Andaye, a fortified town of France,
in the department of Lower Pyrenees,
fituatc near the mouth of the Bidaflbii(

AND

•Imoft oppofitr Tontarabia, In Spain,
i8 m sw Bayonnc,

Andes^an, a town of TurVtftani on
m 8E TaMZ. L<

69 d V , lat. 42 iK N

the river Sirr, r^o m SE Taraz. Loii.

Andtlfi, A town of France, in the (Jf-
partrnt'iit of I'luc, «liviili'd by a pared
road into Great and Little Andily, a
mile from each other. Oteat Anddy it
on the rivulet < Jiim')nB, and Little An-
dely on the Seine. 'I'he cloths manu-
factlnrcd here are in hivh cllecm. It is
17 m NB Jlvrcnx, and 10 t- Rouen.

Atulrmb, a city of Ulbec^ Tartary,
capital of the province t)f Tokariftan.
In itK vicinity are rich quarries of lapis
Ja/uli. It is feattd on a river, and near
« pafs through the mountains of H'n-
doo-ko, 440 m KSK Balk. Lon. 69 58 e,
lat. 3,0 10 N.

Afitlernac/i, a town of France, in the
department of Rhine and Mofellr, lately
of Germany, in the ele<florate of Co-
logne, with a cafllc. Ore.tt quantities
of timber are collecflcd here, which are
formed intovaft rafts, and floated hence
to Dordrecht, in Holland. It is feated
on the Rhine, 10 m nw Coblentz.

Anderot St. ; fee Sontander.

Andes, or (Jordilhraj, a grand chain
of mountains in S America, extending
4300 m along the coaft of the Pacific
ocean, from the ifthmus of Darien to
the (Irait of Magellan. The greateft
width of thefe mountains is 60 m,
where they divide into two branches ;
being in fome parts 36 m from the fca-
coall, and in others approaching it
within 15 m. They are much fuperior
in hemht to any other mountains ; for
the plain ol Quito, which may he con-
fidered as the bafe of the Andes, is ele-
vated further above the fea than the top
of the Pyrenees. They may be lite-
rally faid to hide their heads in the
clouds : the ftorms often roll, and the
thunder burlls below their fummits,
which, though txpofed to the rays of
the fun in the torrid zone, are always
covered with fnow. 'i he higheft part
of this chain rifes from the plain of
Quito, and the loftieft mountains are
from 18 to 21,000 feet above the level
of the fea : the medium height under
the equator may be reckoned at 14,000
feet. The Andes contain numerous
volcanos, many of them conftantly
burning, and fome of the lower ones
ejedting lava and other matter. They
are clad with immenfe forefts ; and
abound in gold, filver, and other me-
tals, precious ftones, marbles, and mi-
neral earths of the rareft qualities. See
Antifana and Chimhrasno.

AND

Andlau, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Rhine, with a canie,
lituate on a mountam, 18 ni HswStral-
bur 7.

Andover, a borough In Hampfhire,
with a market on Saturday, a manufac-
tute of flialloons, and a confiderable
trade in malt. A navigable canal palTei
hence to Southampton water. It is
fituafe near the riv<'r AndC) 10 m v by
w VVinchefter, and 63 w by s London.
L(ui I *o w, l;tt. 5 I 1.^ K.

Attdover, a town of MalfachufetR, in
I'-fTcx county Here is an excellent
academy, called Phillips -Ncademy; alfo
manufadtures of p qier and gunpowder.
It is fituate on the Shawlheen, 20 m
wsw Newbury Port, and 22 nnw
Hoft.)n. Lon 71 8 wr. lat. 42 41 s.

Andragiry, the capital of a kingdom
on the B coafl of the ifland of Sumatra.
The chief produce is pepper. It is
feated oil a river, commodious for trade,
aoo m N by w Bencoolcn. Lon. 102 o
E, lat. o 5)1 s.

Andrarum, a town of Sweden, in
Gothland, with the greateft alum work
in the kingdom. It is 10 m s Chrif-
tianftadt.

A/idreajberg, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, in the duchy of Brunfwick, with
good fdver mines, 28 m ne Gottingen.
Andrenjfay or Androujfa, a town of
European Turkey, in Morea, at the
foot of a perpendicular mountain, and
near the river Pirna/za, 40 mw Mifitra.
Andrew, St- a town of Germany, iu
Carinthia, and a bifnop's fee ; feated on
the Lavant, 20 m ene Clagcnfurt.

Andrew, St. a city of Scotland, in
Fifefhire, formerly the fee of an arch-
biHiop, ,and flill the feat of the oldeft
Scotch univerlity. The univerllty was
founded by bifliop Wardlaw, in 141 1,
and conlifts of two colleges. The ca-
thedral, the chapel of St. Regulus, the
church of St. Salvador, and the priory,
have been noble ftrudtures. The cattle
was thefcene of the cruelty and punilh-
ment of cardinal Beton : the window is
ftill fhown, from which he beheld the
martyrdom of George Wilhart, who was
burnt on the fpot beneath ; and in this
caftle he himfelf was aflanfinated in
1546. The chief manufadtures are can-
vafs, brown linens, and golf balls ; but
it is a place of little trade, nor is the
harbour in gocd condition. It is feated
near a bay, on the level top of a fmall
hill, 39 m NNE Edinburg. Lon. % 50
w, lat. 56 18 N.

Andria, a town of Naplesj in Bariy
4ms Barletta-
Andros, an ifland in the ArchipelagOi

94 m long and
plains, which ar
wants only a g(
habitants are of
have a bifhop a
The principal ri
fift in filks, ar
oranges, citron
gran.ites, and fi
the lame name,
»5 2 R. lat. 18 o

Andros JJlani
among the Haija
of curve, from
leagues. The p
long ; but it ha
ants, and its flioi
cefn. High Poii
26 m ssw of the
Lon. 77 25 w, la

Andiigan, a ti
capital of the
ffated on the riv
marcand. Lon. 6

Andn/ar, or
Spain, in Andali
fome beautiful cl
The environs al
oil, honey, and
the Guadalquive
Lon. 3 54 w, lat.

AnegaJa, one
iflands, ;jnd the n
Lon. 64 7 w, lat.

Angediva, a fm
ocean, on the w
belonging to the
mssE Goa. Lon.

Angela, St. a 1
duchy of Urbino,

Angeio, St. a
Principato Ultra,

Angf/oj ; fee Pi

Aiigerburg, a t(
caftle, feated on t
which it gives na
berg. Lon. 2a 15

Angermania, c
province of Swed
m long and from
wideft part being
of Bothnia. It
woody ; and it p
Jlax, which is fpui
cuiiar manner, i
able iron-works.
Hernofand.

Angermunde, a t
in the Ucker mark
48 m NNK Berlin.

Angers, a city (
the department oi
and an epifcopal i

ty was

1411.
he ca-
ns, the
jriory,

caRle
punilh-
dow is
leld the
ho was
in this
ted in
ire can-
but

is the
s feated
a fmall
n. a 50

s :

ANG

94 m long mA 8 broad. It hat fertile
plains, which arc wdl watered ; and it
wants only a good harbour. The in-
habitants arc of the Greek church, and
havo a bifhop and foveral monafteric-*.
The principal riches of this ifland coii-
fifl in filks, and the fields produce
oranges, citrons, mull)erric8, pome-
granates, and figs. The capital is of
the lame name, on the k coad. Lon.
15 a p., lat. 18 o N.

Andros ijaiuh, a chain of iflands
among the Bahamas, extending in a fort
of curve, from n to s, upward of 40
leagues. Th*.* principal illand is 50 m
long ; but it has few, if any inhabit-
ants, and il8 fliores are difficult of ac-
cef«. High Point, the molt s part, is
a6 m ssw of the w point of Providence.
Lon. 77 35 w, lat. 34 48 w.

Aniiiigati, a town ot Ufbcc Tartary,
capital of the province of Forgana ;
ffated on the river Sirr, 300 m nk Sa-
marcand. Lon. 68 55 e, lat. 43 35 n.

Andt^jar, or Anduxar, a town of
Spain* in Andalufta, with a caftie, and
fome beautiful churches and convents.
The environs abound in wheat, wine,
oil, honey, and fruit. It is foated on
the Guadalquiver, 35 m www Jaen.
Lon. 3 54 w, lat. 37 4B W.

AnegaJa, one of the Englifti Virgin
inands, dnd the mod northern of them.
Lon. 64 7 w, lat. 18 40 n.

Angfdiva, a fmall ifland in the Indian
ocean, on the w coall of Hindooftan,
belonging to the Portuguefc. It Is 60
mssE Goa. Lon. 74 13 E,lat. 14 43 n.

Angela, St. a town of Italy, in the
duchy of Urbino, 14 m sw Urbino.

Angela, St. a town of Naples, in
Principato Ultra, 6 m nnw Conza.

Angelas ; fee Puebla de las Angelas-

Augerburgi a town of Pniffia, with ,'.
caRle, featfd on the n fide of a lake t.)
which it gives name, 70 m se Konigf-
bcrg. Lon. 33 r5 e, lat. 54 8 n.

Angermamat or Angermanland, A
province of Sweden, in Nordland, 150
m long and from 35 to 80 broad, the
wideft part being to the e on the gulf
of Bothnia. It is mountainous and
woody ; and it produces a quantity of
fl^x, which is fpun and dreifed in a pe-
culiar manner. Here alfo are conlider-
able iron-works. The chief town is
Hernofand.

Angermunde, a town of Braniienburg,
in the Ucker mark, on the lak( Munde,
48 in NNH Berlin.

Angers, a city of France, capital of
the department of Mayenn«; and Loir,
and an epifcopal fee. It is feated near

ANG

the conflux of th« Loir with the Sarttf»
and is divided by he Mayenne into two
parts; the wef em, which extends
into a pl.iin, a id the ealtern, which
rifes on the fide of a hilt. Its cnvironi
prefent a view of numerous country
houfcs. upwartk of 100 windmills, and
eminences tb;t produce good white
wine- 'Ihe ;ath(>dral is an elegant
ftru<Slure ; am in it is the tomb of Rene*
king of Sicily Here is a confidcrable
manufaAure of handkerchiefs and can-
vafs ; and th .* flate qu.irries, at the ex-
tremity of the fuburb of Brefligny,
vield an important article of commerce-
The ciflle, ilanked by 18 round towers*
is fitu.ite 'in a rock. It is 50 m knz
Nantes, a id 175 sw Paris. Lon. o jj
w, lat. 47 38 N.

Anghie'-a, a town of Italy, in Mila-
nefe,onthe e fide of the lake Maggiore,
30 m Nv/ Milan.

Anglt^t or Angelertt a fmall country
of Denmark, in the duchy of Slcfwick.
Many authors fuppofe that from the
people of this country the Knglifli ori-
ginated ; being called in to aflift the
Brito.is againft the invaders from Nor«
way, they in procefs of time became
mailers of the country, and gave it the
narre of England.

ylnglefei/, an ifiand, and the moft
no them county of Wales, a4 m long
and iR broad, containing 357,380 acres.
It fends two members to parliament; is
divided into fix hundreds, and 77 Pjk
rilhes ; and has two market-towns. The
'.lumber of inhabitants was 33,8o6 in
1801, and 37,045 in 1811. Itisfeparat*
ed from Carnarvonihire by a narrow
channel called Menai, which pafftip from
St. George channel, by Carnarvon and
Bangor, to the Irifli fea. That part of the
idand which borders this ftrait is finely
wooded, recalling to mind its ancient
ftate, when it was the celebrated feat of
the Druids, whofe terrific religious rites
were performed in the gloom of the
thickeft woods. Rude mounds and
heaps of (tones, faid to be druidical re-
mains, are ftill to be feen : but a little
way within, the whole appears a naked
trail, without trees or hedges, watered
by numerous rills, fertile in grafs and
corn, and abounding in cattle. This
ifland produces vaft quantities of cop-
per and fulphur (fee Parys) and in the
NW partis a quarry of green marble,
intermixed with afteftos. Beaumaris is
the county-town, but Holyhead is tho
largeft.

Angola, a 'kingdom of Africa, in
Conguu, boiuded on th$ n by Congou

li :

A MI

Prnpei*, t by Mat.imba, fl hy Heniriif !rtf
«nil w hy the Atlantic It pruitucca
fnAirci bciini, oran^f*, lemons, and fc-
Teral other fruiii Ilie iiihablt.»iiti arc
vt-ry lazy, g»*ncrally iilolatcri, and » il"
•• many wivci an they think fit. Tli
country ii divided among fcvtral petty

i)rincts and the I'ortupueff have fovrral
cttlcmt-nts on the coaft ; l>iJt the Kn-
tliOi and Dutch iraffic wiih the naiivis.
Loantla in the capital.

JniiOHUfme,^. town of Francp, capital
of tiif department of Chaicntc, ami tlic
fe** of a bilhup. it is feated on a moun-
tain Airroundfd by r<":k3. Tin; river
C'harente runs at the fot)t of it ; iuid
then- are fome paper manufa*ilni(H in
Us environs. It in 50 m wnvv Limiij,'C3.
Lon. o i) E» lat. 45 .19 N.

An,ijotwieiu •■» I'ltc province of Franci",
boiiiuled on thf n hy I'oitou, t by Li-
molin and Marchc, s hy I'erigoul, and
w hy Saintongf. It is now included in
the department ofCJharcnte.

Atigro, the capital of Trrcera, one of
the Azores. It is a hiihop'8 fee, and
the reftdence of the governor of tlie
Azores. The town is well huilt, and
populous; anil here are royal maga-
zines for all forts of naval itorcA. It
ftands on a hay, between two nio)m-
tains, on the s fide of the ifland. Lon.
%^ 12 w, lat. ,38,59 V.

Artjfrogun, a town of Piedmont, on a
river of the fame name, 7 rn w Pig-
nerol.

AnguUlat or Snake IJland^ the mod
northerly ofthe I'-nglilh Leeward iflands
in the VV Indict, 0,0 m loncj and ^
broad. It takes its name from its li^'urc,
and is 60 m n w of St. ChriOophtr. Lon.
63 10 w, lat. 18 la N.

Anguillabat a town of Italy, in the
patrimony of St. Peter, near the lake
Bracciano, 15 m nw Rome.

Anj^ura, the ancient Ancyra, a ri'y of
A fiatic Turkey, in Natolia, and a Greek
archbilhop'8 fee. The caftle has a
triple cnclofure, and the walls are of
white marble and flone, refembling
porphyry. The inhabitants are com-
puted at 80,000. Here are hrcd the
fincft goats in tlic world ; the hair,
b<'ing almoft like lilk, la worked into
fine ftufFs. It ftands on a lofty fitua-
tion, iqo m vv Tocat, and aao tsE
Conftantinoplc.Lon. 32 5oR,lat. 3950M.

Anf^usjhire ; fee Forfarjbire.

Anhalt^ a principality of Germany,
in Upper S.ixony, 4 a m long and 10
broad ; bounded 01 the n by Magde-
burg, E by the duchy of Saxony, s by
J^IaiiiUld, and w hy Halberftadt. It

ANN

a'v)imd« In corn, and i« watered by the
Salde and Muld.i- It:i ancient ctdle il
gone to decay. Zerhd ii the capital.

Atiliolt, an illand ot Denmark, in the
Catc,(al, furrounded hy fand banks, but
>nf>rd8 good ancliorai<c and fupplici of
.iter. In i«o9, it was taken by the
.nplifb, who di fcaied the Danes in
their attempt to rrt.iUe il in 1811. On
it is a lit^hthoufe. Lun. 1 1 J5 >> lat. 56

38 .V.

Aniaiift n town of France, in the de-
partment of llerault, i.j m v\ nw Mont*
pclier.

Artjfnf^a, a town of Hindooftaii, In
Traviincore, which has a trade in pep-
per and calico.s. It Rands at the mouth
»)f a rivtr, 46 m wnw i'ravancorc.
Lon. 76 40 u, lat. 8 40 n.

Animali/, a town of llindooftan, in
the provnicc of Coimbetore, wiih a
fort. It has a trade in drugs, honey»
and wax, collected in the hills to the ».
and is feated op the Alima. 31 s Coim-
betore.

Anjou, a late province of France,
boundtil on the N hy Maine, w by
Kretagne, s by Poitou, and e by Tou-
raine. It formerly belonged to the fo-
vcreigns <)f F-iiKland. It now forms the
department of Mayenneand Loire.

Ann, St. a town of New Brunfwick,
fituate on the river -St. John, z m below
Frederidown, and 88 above the city of
St. John.

A mm , fee Anali.

Annabtrjf, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia,' noted for filver mines and
the manufadlure of lace, 17ms Chem-
nitz.

Annaght an ifland oii thf? w coaft of
Ireland, 5 m in circumference, be-
tween the ifle of Achil and the coafl of
the county of Mayo. Lon. 9 39 w, lat.

53 58N-

Annamookoy one of the Friendly
iflands, in the Pacific ocean, difcovered
by Tafman, in 164,3, and vifitcd by
Cook in 1774 and 1777. It is well cul-
tivated in many places, confiding of
plantations of yams and plantains, en-
clofc'd with neat fences of reed. 'I'hc
bread-fruit and cocoa-nut trees are in-
tcrfpcrfed with little order, but chiefly
near the habitations of the natives ; and
the other parts of thelfland, efpecially
toward the fea, are covered with trees
:;nd bufltes. It is fituate about 187 k
lon. and 20 s lat.

Annan, a river of Scotland, in Dum-
friesfhire, which rifes in the Moflfat hills,
and taking a foutherly direAion, through
a fertile dale to 'which it gives naine>

tMtxa Sulway fi
Annan.

AnnitHt a bor
Dumfrienlhire,
Annan, j m fri
forms a (tood ha
tons burden. I
built by line of II
which flill nniai
ported hence ; a
tiire for carding
(6 m KNu Durnfr
Lot). 3 8 w, lat.

Annano, a fort
cf Milan, feated
I Cafal.

Anntif>o/it, the
in Ann Arundel
wralthicd cities
The ftate-houfe,
in the centre o
point the (trects 1
tiou. Here alfo
which, with VV
Chtflrr,conflitut
the Univcrfity of
is fituate on CI
mrtuth of the S
Wa(hington, and
76 40 vvjiat. jy '.

Annapolis, a fo
Scotia, on the 1
Fuiidy. It has r
hours in the worl
through a dinfici
C»ut of Annapolis
ftand on the s fi(
the mouth of a r
w by N Halifax.

49 N.

Annecy, a tovvt
lake of its nam
canal of Thioux,
the town and the
It was lately the
alfo afiiimed \.\m
prince of Geneva,
town in Savoy n
is 16 m s Geneva

Annobon, an ifi
Guinea, fo called
vered by the Port
day. It is well fl
abounds with {
Lon; 5 10 E, lat.

Annonay, a to
department of A
tures of very fin
conflux of the C
m Bw Vienne.

Annot, or Anoi
the department 1
Votreveaux.

ANN
«nt«ra Solway fiitlii l)clo\v tite town of
Annan.

MHiMHt a bornugh of ScotUnJ, in
Dumfrit'ii(liiic, fiMtcd on the livtr
Aniuii. .) m (Void iti muuth* wMcK
forms a kouiI Imrhuur for vcHeli of x%o
torn hiirdci). Ilt-n* was a fliir ciiftU*,
built by one of the Rrncci, thi* ruin^ nt'
which Oill nmain. Much corn it ex-
portrd hrnce ; and fhcn* ii a maiiiH.u*-
ttire for <-.-itiliiig anil fpinnin^. It ii
1 6 m KNE DumlricKi and 79 • lidtiil)ur[;.
Lon. 38 w, |,it. 55 a n.

Annano, a fort of Italy, in the duchy
of MiUn, featcd on the Tenaru, izni
s Cafal.

Annaf>oliit the capital of M.irylan*!,
in Ann Arundel county, and one of the
wcalthicd cities of tlic United States.
The ftate-houff, a nobif building, ftands
in the centre of ihc city, from which
point thr ftrccts diverge m rvcry direc-
tion. Hon- alfo is St. John college,
which, with VVafliington collc^ji! at
Chtfte-r.conftituteoneunivfrfiry, nami'd
the Uiiivcrfity of Maryland. Annapolis
is iituate on Chi'Cipcak bay, at the
mmith of th«' Severn, 31 m t by n
Wafhington, and 3) a fiallimore. Lon.
76 40 w, lat. J9 1 N.

Annapolii^ a fortified fciportof Nova
Scotia, on the k fide of^ th»j bay of
Fuiidy. It has one of the fined har-
bours in the world, but the «:ntrance is
through a difficult (Irait, called the
(Jut of Annapolis. The town and fort
ftand on the s fide of the harbour, at
the mouth of a river of its name, K6 m
w by N Halifax. Lon. 65 az w, lat. 44

49 N.

Annecy, a town of Savoy, A*ated on a
lake of its name, whence ifl'ufs the
canal of Thiou.^, wliich runs through
the town and then enters the river Sier.
It was lately the fcf? of a bifbop, who
alfo aflTumed the title of bifhop and
princo of Geneva. Annecyisthclargeft
town in Savoy next to Chambery, and
it t6 m s Geneva. Lon. 6 5 e, lat. 45

Artnobon, an idand near the coaH: of
Guinea, fo called becaufe it was difco-
veredby the Portuguefe on Xew-ycars-
day. It is well flocked with cattle, and
abounds with palm-trees and fruit.
Lon. 5 10 E, lat. I 50 s.

Annonay, a town of France, in the
department of Ardeche, with manufac-
tures of very fine paper ; feated at the
conflux of the Cances and DeumeSf i %
m 8w Vienne.

Annot, or Anott a town of France, in
the department of Lower Alpii 6 m vv'
fotreveaux.

ANT

^atovtr, a town of Spain, In New
( adil**, near the Tajo, 1 7 m n k Toledo,
and aa • M.idrid

Aujtikvi/Ui I, a town of Franrr, in lh«
di'p.irtmr-nt of Oifc, ^ m «SK Hreteuil.

Anjt, a town of I' ranee, in the dc*
parimcnt of Rhone, u m n Lyon.

Aii/ptn/i, or Onolxbach^ a principality
of (firnnny, In the * part of the circle
of I'nnconia. It hnn iron mines, and
fcveral medicinal fpringi; and the ftjil
produces confiderable quantities of
corn, and feeds great numbers of cattle.

Anj'pachy a city ot i'raiiconia, capital
of the principality of Anfp.u-h, with a
caflle, a palace, and an excellent acade-
my. It nis many haiidromc buildings ;
and the principal manutacMure ib luce.
It is feated on the Ret/at, 34 m wsw
Nurenherg. Lon. to sH i-, l:it. 49 18 ^.

Anj/rut/ur, J-'aji, M\{\ Iffjl, two bo-
riMighs of Scotl.iiid. on the m°. cnaft of
FiiVlhire. They adjoin eich other;
and Eaft Anftruthcr, which is much the
1 irgt'lV, has a quay, and fome tra(!e in
Ihip-building. It is 9 m sse St. Andrew.

Antab, a town of Syria, fituate on
two hilU and the valley between them,
watered by the Sejour. It is 3 m in
circumference, with a ftrong old caftle
on n rock, and has a confiderable ma-
nufa«Jlure of Aamped calicos. Many
medals of the Syri.in kings have been
found here, and fome alfo of the kings
of Cappadocia. It is 50 m e Alexan-
dretta, and 60 N by k Aleppo. Lon.
37 .35 E, lat. 3635 V.

Antulia ; fee Satalia.

Anteuuerot a town of Spain, in Gra-
nada, divided into the Upper and the
Lower. Tlic Upper is feated on a hill,
and has a cadle; the Lower <land.'% in a
fertile plain, and is watered by many
brooks. In and around it are numerous
ancient edifices in ruins ; and in the vici-
nity are large quantities of natural fait,
quarries of excellent ftone, and a fpring
famous fur the cure of the gravel. It is
26 m Nw Malaga. Lon. 4 30 w, lat.

37 I N.

A>:tequera, a town of New Spain. See
Cui.i'actt-

Antibariy a fcaport of European Tur-
key, in Albania. It is the port of Scu-
tari, and the depot of the commoditiei
furniflied by the valley of the Drino.
It (lands on a deep and lofty hill, near
the gulf of Venice, 14 m wsw Scutari.

Antibest a town of France, in the de-
partment of Var, with a ftrong caftle,
and a harbour for fmall veflels. The
vicinity produces excellent fruit. It is
feated on the Mediterranean, 1 1 m ssw
Nice. Lon- 7 7 C| lat. 43 35 n.

•■I

•1 .

1 ! 1

Il \

1 1

Wi A

fj/i

ft'W

M'SI

tt'>'

T-ii '

S"'^

»w .

K,

fii i\

m.

Lv* •

I'fS •

a;^ '

m.'

m: > '

A NT

ifl.<
.nwrrncr, i to m Umg ami jo

Anlitdli, «n ifljnil at the mouth of
8t T.«w

'1

f'f-

W

«he _

^ruad. It U full of rocks cuvrnd with
wnodi And h.ii no hiirboiir t but cxccU
Iriit cckI is found on ihr C'>;tfti.

Anti}t9it, III.'- of i»ir linvli(h LrrwanI
in.ind» Ml the W Iti'lici, alout jo m In
length dtid briadth, fcnd 60 « by i« of
Nl. Chri(h)j)hir. It h.i» fcvtr.1l k«>o«1

Eotts and in that cillcd I'lS'liHi h.ir-
oiir, on the »« lulc, arc 4 roy.il navy
y.iid;nul Hrfcnal, with convcnimct* for
carniiinn Hiips of war. It i« d«*llitiin*
of fftlli water, and ihr inliabit.int* fAvr
the rain v,,Ucr in cillt rnii. Tlir chi»f
pioiliu'h are fiin4r, rum, cotton wool,
niul n)»Vtc. It W.I* tiken by the Ficnch
in 1781, but rillored in 178). The ca-
pital i^ St. John.

AiitiUfjf the name which the French
pivc to the C.irihbcf ill.mdu.

.Inlioe/i, or Aniltutiii, .1 town of
Syria, of which it was formerly tht
c.ipital. This iincirnt ciiyi in wliicli
the difiipica of Chrift were lirlt callrd
( hriltiiii'*, and yrt the fic of a (inck
patriarch, is now almoft come to no-
thing' I but the magnificent ruiiiH of it
Hill remain. It is liattil on tht* rivir
Oiontrs, nowc*llcd Ofi, i.s m horn the
Mi'dit«'rranean, and 50 nw Aleppo.
Lon. ;,6 40 1;, lat. yf^ 10 n.

Anilochftta, a town of Afiatic Tiir-
kiy, in Car.imania, and a billiup's fec'i
fi-ated on thr M>diterraiiean, H« m »
Cogni. Lou. 33 16 K, lal. ;,6 i,o n.

Amioco, St. an idand on the sw cojft
of Sardinia, 14 m long and 3 broad.
In 1793 it waj takc-H by the Fiench, but
evacuated foou after.

Antiparos, the ancient Olciros, an
illand of the Archipcl.igo, » m w of
Paro8. It is only a rock, 16 m in cir-
cuit ; yt-t, in fome parts, is well cul-
tivated, and produces .is much barhy
aii fervcs a fmall village. It h^s n re-
markable grotto, altout 80 yavdt high
and 100 broad, which contains a vail
variety of figuren, of a white tranfparcnt
chryftallinc fubftaiici*, refembling vegc-
tablcR, marble pillars, and a fuperb
marble pyramid. Lon. 35 44 u, lat. 37
8n.

Antiquiot a town of New Grenada,
capita! of a province famons for its gold
mines. It h feated on the Cauca, 200
m NNW St. Fc. Lou. 74 20 w, lat. 6

50 N.

Anti/a»a, one of the loftiell moun-
tains of the Andes, in the vicinity of
Quito. It was afcertaint'd bv Hum-
boldt, in 1 803) to have riflng from it a
crater, in the niidll of perpetual fnow,
ai au elevation of 191130 fvet above the

ANT

level of thr fen And A h.imlrt of lh«
f.im<* n.unr, eltvatrd ^llooferi «bovc the

SUin of (^liio. and IJ.5 o above the
'». !• uiHjucftion ibly the highrft Inhl*
bited fpot on th<* furticr i>f thi' caith.

■ Inltinf, Sf. » town of Franci-, in the
drpartnunt of Ifcre. j m kk St M«r*
ctll'in

Ant»uio, St. the moft nottherly and
wrftnly of the Cape Verd ilLindN, 1 ^ m
frt.m St. Vincent. I' \* full of high
mountain!, whencf procec«l firi-.tmii of
excflltni water, which rrndcr the land
fruitful. The principal toMin Is frated
among the mountain!. I.on. 15 10 w»
lat. 17 M N.

AntOHiot St. a town of nrafil, in the
provinci' of IlhcoM, on a river t)f thr
lame name, near ita mouth, 80 m ^ II-
hcos.

Antonio, St. a town of New Spain,
capital of thr province of Texas. It is
featetl on a rivcr of its name, 300 m ttnn
Montelovcz. Lon. 95 40 w, lat. ■:«
40 N.

Antonio Jf Capo, St. a town of Bralil,
in thr province uf I'ernambuco, lituate
near Capr St. Augullin, jo m s«w
Olinda.

Antonio de hi C'ufj, St. a town of
New Sp.iin, in Ouaxaca, celebrated for
the r<'mains of ancient Mrxicun fortiti-
cations, 8j m n Guaxaca.

Antomo de Seneci, St a town of New
Mexico, on thi* w fide of Rio del Norte,
150 m .< by u St. Fc. Lon. 107 45 w»
lat. .^4 15 N.

Antonio dif Suchitff>ect St. a town of
New Sp^in. in the province of Guaii-
mala, liluateonariver, near its entrance
into the I'jciiic ocean, 70 m w by w
Guatimala. Lon. 93 at) w, lat. 14

44 N.

Antrim, a county of Ireland, 4^1 m
long and 27 broad ; bounded on the N
and F by the fea, .f by Down, and w by
Londonderry It is divided into 16
parilht'8, which include 170,000 inhabit-
ants. This cuunty is much encumbered
with bogs and moralles, though it en-
joys a tolerable air. It has two great
natural curiofities : Lough Neagh, a
large lake, the waters of which are of a
petrifyiuii; quality; and the Giants
Caufcway, confiding of lofty pillars of
bafaltes, all of angular fliapes, from three
to eight fides, and extending 3 m along
the feafhore- The linen manufa<5lure
is carried on very extenfively in titis
county. It fends five members to par-
liament. The principal rivers are the
Baun and Lagan. The aflizea are held
at Carrickfergus.

Antrim, a town of the county of As-

Al

frtm, now much dc
t4kr« of the llnri
a^tuU on a fin.ill II
briow the lown rr
Lough Neagh, tfi 1
Lou. f> 41 «v, lat. >4

Antrum, A mom
Alpi, ill Valai*, b
L)a(F4gr into the va
Milanefe.

Anlivfrft, a cliy I
biHiop's fer, and no
department of Twt
on the Scheldt, whi
wide, and large vr<1
the ciuay. In i\M il
of FIcmKh commr
(allied 100,000 inha
vil warn, cnufcd by
lip II, drove the ti
It now contain! Old]
who carry on fomi
few flourlihing mat
larly of lacr and lir
is a Hne nnuMure,
femblage of paintii
matters of the Flemi
are many fine paii
churchei. The <
thronged, and from
Orelhain took the
London, nowferves
tioii of an academy
tiire, architedlure, a
The townhoufe, in
place, is a noble tlrn
eipal llreet i! a cm
feet high, on a mai
was made from a li
the cruel duke of I
fcif had fct up in tl
tadel is eftetmed (
fortreflcs of the Lo
werp was taken by
ma in 1585, after ;*
ble (lege. It has b(
more eaftly fince, t
French in 1794. Il
and 65 8 Amitcrdan
51 13 N.

Anvil/f, a town
Dauphin county, fi
Tiilphehockcn crec
bctwien the Suf
Schuylkil. 18 m k
65 WMw Philadelpf

Aniufiller, a tow
department of Mor
Germany, in the du
feated on the Queic
dau.

Anzarba, a towr
in Caramania, featec
AUaua.

A NZ

trim, now much tlcc'iyc«t, hut ft!tl par*
Mlir* of the hnrn m«iiiit.«t:turr It
lUiuh utt a rin.ill dream, which 4 liith*
b^liiw the town rntrrt thi* hk rml ut'
Luugh Ne^Khf lA m w Carriclil'crgui.
Lon. 6 41 w, lat. 54 46 m.

Antrum, A mittint^ln of the Swift
Alp<«. ill V.ilau, by which thire it a
u.iir.it(i« into thi! valley uf Aiitroiu, in
Miliiiivre.

Aniiufr^, A city of drabant. lately •
hifliop'v r<-f, jiiiil iiov ih«' capit.it ot the
dcpartmmt of Twk Ncthe*. h ItAiidi
on the Scheldt, which l« here 400 ynrdi
wide, and large vrfTeUmav come up to
thi* miay. In 1 s68 it wan the chief murt
of Fiemifh commerce, an»l then con-
tained iuo,o 30 inhafiitanti but th*' ci«
vil warn, caufcd by the tyranny of Phi-
lip II, drove the trade to Amllcrdam.
It now contalnii only 50,000 inliabitanti,
who carry on fume commerce, and a
frw flouriOiing manufacture;*, particu-
larly of lace and linen. The cathedral
in a hne nru<^iure, and contain! an af-
fcmblagt* of paintingi by the grcatcft
maneriiof the Ptemim fchooi; and there
are many fine paintings in tlic other
chnrchci. The exchange, oticf fit
thronged, and fr»im which fir Thomai
Oreniain took the model of that for
London, nowfcrves for the accommoila-
tion of an ac.idt'my for painting, fcnip-
ture, architt'dure, and the mathematics.
The lownhoufe, in the great market-
place, is a noble llrnAui c. In the prin-
cipal llret'tiia crucifix of bronziv ,^1
feet high, on a marblf pfdi'ftal. ThJH
was made from a demolinied (latuc of
the cruel duke of Alva, which he iri"n-
fclf had fet up in the citadel. The ci-
tadel is eftccined one of the ftrongcft
fDrtrt'flcs of the Low Countries. Ant-
werp was taken by the prince of Par-
ma in 1585, after a long and memora-
ble ficge> (t has been frequently taken
more eafily fince, the laft time by the
French in 1794. It is 32 m n Brunelo,
and 6j s Amltcrdam. Lon. 4 23 t, lat.
51 13 N.

Anvi//e, a town of Pennfylvania, in
Dauphin county, fituate at the head of
Tiilphehockcn creek, and on the canal
hetwien the Sufqucbana and the
Nchuylkil, 18 m kne Harri{burg, and
65 WNw Philadelphia.

AniveilUrt a town of France, in the
department of Mont Tonncre, lately of
Germany, in the duchy of Deux Fonts ;
fcated on the Queich, 8 m w by n Lan-
dau.

Anzarba, a town of Aflatic Tuikey,
in Caramania, fcated in a plaini 35 m M(
Adaua.

A PH

/f«.vrm(i, A town of New Oranxlif
In the province of I'tipayan, where
there arr mine* o' K«ihl< tt is feated on
the river C<uca, 140 m hni. Popayaii.
Lon. jn »5 w, Ui 45M M

AhkH«, a kingdom of Ouinra, tylna
R of Oabon, ami n of Congou, hut ia
little known. The king i» flyled the Mi«
c<»co, whencf the country u fomctimcft
fo c died. The C4pital in Moiifol.

/l«/if(i, or Auujlit, A ciiy of Piedmont,
and 4 bilhop'M lee. It contain* i« ver.il
monumciiti of the Uouuns, and itanda
•t the foot of the Pennine and Orceic
Alps, on the river Doria, 4j m mnw
Turin. Lon. 7 \s%, lat. 4j 41 n.

AoHjit, A town of France, in the de«
partmcntof Drome, on the river Drume*
I jm HK Valence.

Aj>aluclii>m \ fee AUegMntf,

A/>alacliu(ila, a river ot N America,
ft)rmcd 'jy the jundiou «)f the ( hat.v
houchc and Flint, at nu old tiuliaii fort
of the fame name on the h confineii of
OeorK'ia, and thence Mown between W
and K Morida into Apalaches hay, in
the gulf of Mexico, K of Cape Blaizi\

Apatnta^ a town of 8yria, on the
river ()(i, .jj m » Antioch.

Apanomiat a town of tlie ifland of
Santoriu, fcated on the nw coait, 7 tn
NSW Scauro.

Afitty one of the New Hebrides, x\:\i
Mahcolto, in the P.icihc ocean. Lou.
168 27 K, lat. 16 46 9.

Apenninij, a chain of mnuntaini, in
Europe, which begins ne ir ()iiC),'lia, on
the gulf of Genoa, p.tlii <\ round that
gulf at no great diflance from the fca,
then proceeds K to the centre of Italy,
and afterward divides tha' c(>untry in a
nadiatc se directicm to the cxtremitiei
of the kingdom of Naples. Hence
proceed all the v'verH which water Italy.
The Apjtininen arc at firft a branch of
the Alps, a!ul fome of them above 5,000
feet high; but on the border of Parma
they turn to the sk, and afterward, in
general, they may rather be regarded ai
hills than as mountains.

Apftiradtt or Aiienrade, a feap^rt of
Denmark, in Shfwick, with a citadel.
It is a placi' of conliderable trade, feat-
ed at the end of a gulf of the Baltic,
furrounded by hills, 27 m nnw Slef-
wick. Lon. 9 38 b, lat. 55 8 s.

Aphioni Karahijfar, a town of Afiatie
Turkey, in Natolia, built round a high
rock, on the top of which is a fortrefa.
It is 3 m in circumference, and has a
conliderable trade. The chief inanu-
faAure is carpets; and the country
around produces much upuim, called
apbiom by the Turks It ItanUs on tiie

M

ill

k

&■>

b

' ■')'

I';''

I

II.!.

AQU

Mlndra, 40 m s by u KiutaJA, and 180
B by N Suiyrna. Lon. 30 30 t, lat- 38

4- N.

.'//>/><?, a town of Naples, inPrincipa-
to Citra, 7 m ehe Dtnovento.

ApoUa, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Thiiiinsia, 8 m n Jena, and 40 sw
L«;ip/.ic-

Appcrfzel, a canton in the ne part of
SwinVrland, bordering on Tyrol. It is
divided into twelve tommunitics: fix,
called the interior, are Roman cathoiics j
and fix exterior, are proteftaiit8.

Api-cnzelt a town of SwifTerland,
capital of the canton of its name. It i3
large and populous, and fUuute on the
river Setter. 40 m e Zurich. Lon. 9 3 1
E, lat. 47 SI N.

AfpUby- a borough and the county-
town of Weftmorland, with a market
on Saturday. It has been twice dellroy-
rd by the Scots, and now confifts of
only one broad ftreet cf mean houfes.
At the upper end or s partes the caftlc,
and at the lower end is the church. The
town is governed by a mayor, and al-
xnoll encircled by the river Eden. It is
^0 ni VNE Kendal, and 270 nnw Lon-
don. Lon. 2 35 w, lat. 5435 n.

Appledorci a village in Devonfhire,
at the mouth of the Torridge, in Barn-
llaple bay, 3 m n by e Biddeford.
Here the Danes landed, under Ilubba,
in the time of Alfred.

Apt, a town of France, in the depart-
ment of Mouths of the Rhone. It has
a trade in prunes, coarfe ferges, and
wax chandlery ; and contains many fine
Roman antiquities. It is fcated on the
Calaron, ao m N Aix.

Aptirimaci a river of Peru, which rifes
in the province of Abancay, and flows n
abof. 430 miles; receiving the Paucar-
tapibo from the e, and the Xauxa from
the w. It then takes the name of Ucay-
al, and continuing its courfe 470 miles
further, enters tlr* river Amazon, in
lon. 7a 46 w.

Afjua Negra,a. town of Italy, in Man-
tuan, on the river Chiefa, la m w
Mantua.

Aqunmbo, a kingdom of Guinea, wMch
occupies about 10 miles d. the Gold
co.^ft, and extends above too m inland,
on the w fide of the Volta, and is there
of greater breadth. It is one of the
greattft monarchies in Guinea, and is
divided into a number of petty royalties,
but all of them fubjed to the king of
Aquambo, who exercifes an unlimited
authority over thi.-m and his meaneft
fubjedts. The natives are haughty, tur-
bulent, and warlike ; and their power is
formidable to the neighbouring king-

AR A

doms. The Engli/h, Dutch, and Danee
have forts at Acra, which is deemed the
bcfl place on the Gold coaft.

A^ui, a town of Piedmont, in Mont-
ferrat, with a citadel, and baths of mi-
neral water ; feated on the Bormida, 15
m s Alexandria.

Aquila, a city of Naples, capita! of
Abruzzo Ultra, and a bifliop'u fee, with
a caftle. An earthquake happened here
in 1700, by which 2400 ptrfons were
killed. It is feated on a hill, near the
Pefcara, 28 m w Civita di Cliieti, and
106 N by w Naples. Lon. 13 47 e»
lat. 4a 3 5 N.

AquiUia, a town of Italy, in Friuli,
formerly a large city, but demoliflied
by the Huns in 452- Its ancient pa-
triarch was next in power to the pope ;
but in the 15th century his power was
much reduced. In 17^0, the patriarch-
ate was entirely aboliflied and the
archbifhoprics of Gorz and Udine efta-
blifhcd in its ftead. Aquileia, now a
fmall place, is fcated near the gulf of
Venice, 15 m ne Venice.

Aquino, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Lavoro, ruine'l by emperor Conrade.
It is the birthpl ice of Juvenal, nnd
Seated near the Garigliano, ao m s by k

rabat, a town and fort of the Cri-
mea, in the province of Taurida, on the
borders of the fea of Afoph, 20 m n by
E Caffa.

Arabia, a country of Afia, extend-
ing 1430 tn in length and taoo in
breadth ; bounded on the w by the
Red fea and the ifthmusof Suez, NEby
the Euphrates, which divides it from
Diarbekar, e by the gulfs of Perfia and
Ormus, and s by the Indian oce?.n. It
is divided into three parts, Arabia Pe-
trea, Deferta, and Felix, fo nimed by
Europeans from their fuppo/cd quali-
ties. Arabia Pctrea, much the fmalleft
of the three, lies to the s of Syria, along
the E coalt of the Red fea. The .v part
is mountainous, and in general ftony,
fandy, and barren, but fume parts yield
fuflicient nouriftiment for catde, whofe
milk and camel's flefh is the chief food
of its few inhabitants. Arabia Deferta
lies s of Syria, and.E of Arabia Petrea.
It is for the moft part deftrt, being in-
ter fcdled by barren mountains, and many
of the plains nothing but great fands and
heaths ; but there are fome plains and
vallies that feed great flocks of Iheep and
goats ; there are alfo great numbers of
oftriches, and a fine breed of camels in
feveral places. Arabia Felix, fo called
on account of its fertility with regard
to the reft, lies to the s of Arabia De-

A
fcrta, between th
ocean, and the P
far the niof} ct
though tht; centre
dry (Icft-rts, then
vinccson the co:i(l
of tPiits, hom-y, v
manna, fpi!<eii d,
and coHle, of whi
quantities arc exi
arc Ufa middle i>a
plcxion ; ;nd have
melancholy air, wli
pofing afpe<5t of t
dipnity iu their i
itriking. Thi;y liv
confider hofpitality
and always aft wit
Haves and infVrio
vice of civilized 1
grades an Arab; tf
gaming are uiil<ii
They derive their f
flocks, frojn hunti
tliey acquire by p
knowledge no fovt
or leading flieik, of
their natural prince
pay obedience. Th
or chiefs, of an ad
they often confull,
they follow. The
confifts of a white
with a broad leather
aftrong buckle or
drawers are made o.'
to the lower p:irt
wear a kind or red
and fometinics they
the manner of the 'I
rally in half boots
ready to get on horf
funimer they wear a
black and white, m,
gcats or fome oth
erniisdrofs in the far
'.lat their cloaks are
sll black. The Ar
iive in tents, and ren
pl'ice, partly for th
and partly to lie in
vans, which they o
travel over from H
and from Cairo to Mi
^^lohamed was anati\
and his followers, foe
conquered a great p,>
and Europe, v.ftablifli
wherever they came.
Aracan, or Reccan,
of Afia, bounded on t
gong, NE by Caflay,
njah, and sw by tht
The rainy feafon con

A It A
fcrta, between the Red fc.i, tlie Indian
ocean, and tin* Pcrfian gulf. It in by
far the mod confuIcrjiblL* pirt, and
thouph the centre iu occupii d by very
dry deferts, there are many ricli pro-
vinces on the coalls, producing a variety
oftrnits, honi-y, wax, cinnimon, caffii,
manna, fpiktn -d, frankincenle, myrrh,
an(.l coU'ee, oF which litter pr<)diiii(Mis
quantities are exported, Th • Arabs
are of a middle feature and brown coin-
p!ex!on ; and have alw/^ys a grave and
melancholy air, wliicii, aided liy the i n-
pofing afpedt of their beards, gives a
dipnity in their manner th it is very
itriking. They live in tribes amicably,
confidt-r hofpitaiity as a religion.^ duty,
and always aft with kindnelH to their
Haves and inferiors. Sellininefs, the
vice of civilized nations, feldom de-
grades an Arab; that tlrunkennefs and
gaming are unknown among them.
They derive their fublift«nce from their
flocks, from hunting, and from what
tliey acquire by plunder. They ac-
knowledge no fovcreign but. the emir,
or leading (heik, of their tribe, who is
their natural prince, and to Whom they
pay obedience. They have alfo fheiks,
or chiefs, of an advanced ape, whom
they often confult, and whofe advice
they follow. The drefs of the Arabs
confifts of a white robe, bound round
with a broad leather girdle, faftened by
aftrong buckle or large clafp. Their
drawers are made oT linen, and defcend
to the lower p:irt of the leg. They
wear a kind or red cap on the head ;
and fometinics they wear dippers, after
the manner of the Turks, but are gene-
rally in half boots that they may be
ready to get on horfeback. Winter and
fummer they wear a large cloak, flriped
black and white, made of the hair of
gcats or fome other ar.imal. Their
erniis drefs in the fame m'>nner, except
Viat their cloaks are for the moft part
sll black. The Arabs in the deferts
iive in tents, and remove from place to
place, partly for the fake of pafliire,
and partly to lie in wait for the cara-
vans, which they often rob, as they
travel over from Budiira to Ale[)tio,
and from Cairo to Mecca. The famous
Mohamed was a native of this country ;
and his followers, foon aker his de;iih,
conquered a great p.^rt of Afia, Africa,
and Europe, c.ftabliniiug their religion
wherever they came.

■'iracan, or Reccan, a fertile country
of AQa, bounded on the nw by Chitu-
gong, NE by Caflay, t and sk by Bir-
mah, and sw by the gulf of bengal.
The rainy feafon continues from April

A It A

(o 0(ftobtr; and the rclt of the year

is called fumracr. The inhabitants arc

idolaters. The women are tolerably

fair ; but the loniiefl ears are leikoned

the moll beautiful, and in thele they

wear many rnigs. They are a daltardly

race of people, and have only courage

to attack dclencch f< nierchanta and

boatmen There are fiicli numbers of

elephants, l.at^'ilos, i .d tigers, that but

few plact.d are itihabited, on account of

the ravages made by thele animals. The

commodities are (alt, elephants tieth,

be»ts wax, and rice ; !)Ut its tr.ide was

never very coi'.lilei.ible. Aracan wa»

long an independent nation, governed

by a king; but it we. lubdneil by the

Birm.ins in 1783, and is now a province

of lli.it enipiie.

Jracaii, the capital of Uie country of
the faint name, with a-; extenlive fort.
The river Ar.ican inns through the city,
and w.iters the ftreets by means of fe-
veral arms or canals, into which it is
divided. The inhabitants are about
100,000. It was taken by the Birman^
in 178J. It is z6o ni sse lilamabad,
and 230 wsw Ava. Lon, 93 10 e, lat.
20 38 N.

Arad, a town of Hungary, with a
ftrong fortrefs, on the river Maros, 24
m NNE '1 emefwar.

ArafTOHy a province of Spain, bound-
ed on the N by the Pyrenees, w by Na-
varre and the Two Caftiles, s by Va-
lencia, and K by Valencia and Catalo»
nia. The country, though abounding
in rivers, is in want of good watrr. It
is fertile in corn, wine, flax, and fruit,
near the rivers, but in other places dry
and fandy ; it alfo produces faffron, and
there are many mines of fait. Saragofla
is the capital.

Araiche, a feaport of the kingdom of
Fez, at the mouth of the liver Kos. It
has a Itrbng caltle, and fvveral batteries
on the banks of the river. The larger
vefllls of the emperor generally winter
in a cove of the liver, wlicre tiierc are
magazines of naval ftores. It is 40 m
asw i angier. Lon. 6 2 w, lat. 35 11 N.
Aral, a lake of Independent Tartary,
120 m K of the Cafpian fea. It is aoo
m in Kiigth, and in fome pl.^ccs 70 in
breadth. T^' ^vater is fill, and there
arc many fmall faline lake? in the vici-
nity.

AroHih, a town of Spain, in Old
Caitile, on the Doiiro, 4Z m s Burgos.

-i'linjnez, a town of Spain, in New
Callile, w til broad ftreets interfering •
each other at right angles. The great
fquare is furround^d by porticos, and
bas a fountain that fuppliej the town
D

I

im

m\

11

'^'■W

'^m

»i|j;

^ifl

W^i

OhI

m

mBP

|i«

Wt

'M

t'^ I

with w.itcr. Men' arr throe chuiches,
a royal p.ilnco with beautiful p.ir-
denn, and a theatre for the bulUfiKlita.
In the palaci', the Supreme Junt?. of
Government of thn Kin^'(lom were in-
ftalh'il and held their fnlt meeting, Sep.
25, i8c({- Aranjuez is featid on the
Tajo, .30 m s by k Madrid. Lon. 3 48
w, lat" 40 6 N.

Ararat, ^ ftupendouf? detached moun-
tain of Perlian Armenia, on thcconfines
of Turkey. It has two fummits, which
are generally funouuded by clouds,
and the higheft is always covered with
fnow.

Arast a river of Perf;:'. the ancient
At axes, which rifes in the mountains to
the SK of Erzerum, pafies ncartoErivan
and Nakfivan, and joins theKur, nearly
oppolitc Javat, in the province of Schir-
van.

AraJTt, a maritime town of the terri-
tory of Genoa, .1; m sw Albenga.

Arnui'a, a fortrcfd of Upper Ilun-
jary, (.n a river of the fame name, 72 in
Nw ("aflbvia. Lon. 20 o e, Lit 49 30 n.

Aran, a town of Swiflerland, capital
of the canton of Argau, with manu-
fadures of cotton, printed linen, and
cutlery. A treaty between the pro-
tf ftant and catholic cantons was con-
cluded here in 171". It is feated on
the Aar, 27 m w Zurich. Lon. 7 50 t,
lat. 4725 N.

Aravacourcliy, a town of Hindooftan,
in the province of Coimbetore, with a
neat fort, and a bazar of well-built
houfe.s. It (lands on tlje Nunganji, 23
m K Daraporam.

Arauco, a fortrefs and town of Chili,
fituate in a fine valley, on a river of the
fame name, 40 m s by w Conception.

AraxestOX AraSidnsci of Afia, which
rifes in Georgia, flows se acrofs Ar-
menia, and joins the Kur, near its en-
trance into the Cafpian fea.

Arba, an ifland, 30 m in circumfer-
ence, on the coart of Dalmatia, from
which it is 5 m diftant. The foil is
rich, but the inhabitants are indolent.
It has a town of the fame name. Lon.
1455 E, lat. 45 5 N.

Arberg, a town of Swiflerland, in the
canton of Bern, on an ifland formed by
the river Aar. It is 10 m NW Bern.

ArMl, or Erbille, a town of Afiatic
Turkey, in Kurdiftan, the ancient Ar-
bella, near which Alexander defeated
Darius. Here are the remains of an an-
cient caftle, and in the vicinity are
naphtha pits. It is feated in an exten-
five plain, 50 m N by w Kerkouk, and
80 F. Moiu!.

Arivu, a town of France, in the de-

A It C
partmrnt of Jura, famous for ilii white
wines, [t is 22 m sw Hel'inc(»u.

Arbnjrn, a town of Sweden, in Weft-
mania, on the river Ulvifon, by whirh
and a can.1l it has a comnninication
with the lakes Ilif-lmar and M.ielar. It
is 25 rn tNE Orebro, and 30 s\*
Wefteras.

Arbon, a town of SwifTerland, on the
lakeofCjMiltai.ee. 12 m ^E Conftance

Arbroath ; i'xAbirb-oth'wick.

Arburf^, a town Oi Swiflerland, in
the canton of Bern, with a citadel on a
rock, feated on the Aar, 12 m e So-
ieure.

Arcadia, a feaport of Europenn Tur-
key, in Morea, governed by a bey. It
ftands at the foot of a mountain, and
on the s part of the gulf of its name,
22 m N Navarin. Lon. 21 42 e, lat. 37
■24 N.

Arceuil, a village of France, 3ms
Paris, remarkable for its nquedu(5t to
that city, built in 16:4, by Mary do
Medicis.

ArchanfrA, a city of Ruflia, capital of
a government of its name. It was the
only feaport of UufTia for many years,
and was firft reforted to by the Englidi
^ in 1553. The trade is yet confidcrahle,
' though greatly diminiflied fince the
building of Peterfljurg. In 1 793 , a .fire
deftroyed great part of the city a;u!
fuburbs ; but they have been rebuilt
with neatnefs. Archangel is feated on
the Dwina, 4 m from the White fea, and
400 NE Peterfljurg. Lon. 3859 e, lat.
64 34 N.

Arch'iuona, a town of Spain, in Gra^
nada, with an ancient caftle, 13 m nnk
Antequera.

Arc/iipclaj^o, a part of the Mediterra.
nean fea, having Romania on the n,
Natolia on the e, the ifle of Candiaon
the s, Macedonia, Livadia, and Morca
on the w. It is partly in Europe, and
partly in Afia, containing the iflands of
Rhodes, Negropont, Lemnos, Teiie-
dos, Scirus, Metelin, Scio, Samo."., Pat-
mos, Paros, Antiparos, Cerigo, Santo-
rini, Andros, Tina, Naxia, Milo, Delo-.
Hydra, Argentiera, and many others.

Arc/iifielaj^o, Northern, a part of tlis I
Pacific ocean, having the peninfula of I
Kamtfchatka on the w, and that ofj
Alaflca on the e. It includes a numbcr|
of iflands, among which are four prin-
cipal groups. The firft, called ^alig-
nan, contains five iflands; the fecond,!
called Khoa, includ<'s eight inanclsjj
•Hid both thefe groups tv)gether ara
ftyled the Aleutian Iflands. The third
group,called the .AndreanofFlki OftrovaJ
comprifes 16 iflands; and the fourtil

?roup is the L
Jllands, ,6in „
*« '^ii'ha. and
■he /kins of nri
liciihirly tlK' fea
n'Hl Oonalajka.
''mj,atowni
Ji^ntofAube,,
^ J royf s.

. Arco, a town ;

'" }'yro\, taken

aiid ab.indoncd f.

the Scarca, , 5 ,„
/Jrcoj,n town
;«"th a caftle, feal
Z^^' r'vcr Cn

.■^icot, a city o
of the C.irnatic.
and a place of fo
nabob often refid(
vicinity are ccJebr
oy numerous pilt
.manufacture of GO-
'S feated on the .s b
mw by s Madras,
^-ingapatam. Lon. ;
■^"da^h, a town
^onnty of Longtor
Kilmore, g.ves nai
3 here ,« no cathc

place of refidc.ce.
iord.

. '^'''f'^^/A .1 town 0
jan, the refidence =
Sfy ''•"£:«; partici
the author of the Pe
ff'^^'rt to this p|,ce
J't-rfia ; a„d carava

paflingtoandfromi
{»myrna. It fg ^^ ,

47joK, l3t.38«N.
^rdechf, a (leparti
c ud.ng the l.,te tcr
;t takes Its name fr,
flows into x\,^. Rho

Spftaf ^'^ ^'^-'-

'and, in the county <
) iarge mount, Lr
^^e fuppofe it' to I
P'-^ceof,heIrifl,ki;'

^•; a place where th,
to deliberate on publ

./Cglr^'^*°H

Ardennes^ a denarl

S«f?reft,lyln;o^

rhe principal town \

'^rdfert, a borough |

fft-

ich

ion

It

the
ice

d, in

on a

fc So-

Tur-

1, aiin
nam»'»
lat. i7

I'na to
ary dc

ipitalof
ft'as the

A 11 D

jrroiip is the Kiirn." Oftrovn, or tlic i'ux
Jllands, 1 6 in number. Tlicj- ;»il i)*Ic>ni<
to Hudiri, and nre v.iluahic chit-fly for
the flsins of nnimals found thnc, par-
litularly tin* fca otter. Sec I''o.v Ijlaids
nnd Oonalnjka.

'/rrn, a town ofFrancr.in the depart-
ment (if Aube, on the river Aubc, 15 m
N Troyes.

Arco, a town and caftle of Germany,
in Tyrol, taken by the Froncb in 1703,
and abandoned foon aftfr. It ftands on
the^'Carca, 11; m wsw Trent.

Arcos, a town of Spain, in Andalufia,
with a caAlc, fcatcd on a crapgy rocl<,
by the river GuadaK^ei 38 m sse Se-
ville.

Arcot, a city of Hindooftan, capital
of the Carnatic. The ciladil in large,
and a place of fome ftrcnpth ; but ilie
nal)ob often n'fidcs at Madras. In the
vicinity are celebrated temples, vilitcd
by niimerou8 pilgrims. Arcot has a
manufadure of coarfe cotton cloth. It
is feated on the s bank of the Paliar, 66
m w by s Madras, and iDo E by N Se-
ringapatam. Lon. 79 ?,^e, lat. la 51 n.
Arda^h, a tov/n of Ireland, in the
county of Longford, which, united to
Kilmore, gives name to a bifliopric.
There is no cathedral, or epifcopal
place of refide-.ce. It is 7 m sk Lung-
lord.

Ardeb'tl, a town of Perfia, in Adcibi-
jan, the relidence and burial-place of
many kings ; particularly of flieik St-fii,
the author of the Perfian fi.-d. Piljirims
refort to this place from all parts of
Perfia ; and caravans are frequently
pafllngto and from Conftantinopic and
Smyrna. It is 40 m e Tabriz. Lon.
47 so E, lat. 38 R N.

Ardeclifi a department of France, in-
cluding the late territory of Vivarez.
It takes its name from a river, which
flows into the Rhone, at the s extre-
mity of the department. Privas is the
capital.

Ardee, or Atherdee, a borough of Ire-
land, in the county of Louth. Here is
a large mount, apparently artificial j
fome fuppofe it to have been a burial-
plnce of the Irifli kings; others, that it
was a place where the people aflTembled
to deliberate on public affairs. It is 14
m Nw Drogheda.

Ardenburg, a town of Flanders, 10 m
NE Bruges.

Ardennes^ a department of France,
containing part of the late province of
Champagne. It is fo named from a fa-
mous foreft, lying on the river Meufe.
The principal town is Sedan.
Ardjert, a borough of Ireland^ in the

ARE

county of Kerry, and a bifhop's fcf
united with .-\|;lia(toe to Limerick. It
was formerly the capital of tiie county,
but is now a poor place, with cxtenfive
ruins. The cathedral i;; in good repair.
It is featt'd on a river which runs into
Tralie bay, 7 m nnw Tr.ilee.

Ardmcre., a town of Ireland, in th»
county of Waterford, on a cape and bay
of its name, 10 m bsv,? Dungarvon.

Ardoc/i,n villai,'c of t;coi land, in Perth-
fln'rc, on the rivtr Allan. 6 in ne Dum«
blane. litre is the veftigc of a large
Hoinan camp, luppofcd to b<. the moft
pcrfpdt in Qpeat liritain, which is now
cnclofcd with a wall to prefervc it from
future demolition.

Ardra, a fmall kingdom of Guinea,
on the Slave coaft, at th<* bottom of the
gulf of St. Thomas. The country is
fertile in maize, palm wine, plants, and
fruits, which laft all the year; and it
produces a great deal of fait. It has a
town of the fame name. Lon- 3 5 e,
lat. 6 o N.

Ardres, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Pas de Calais. On an open
plain between the town and Guifnea
was the celebrated interview between
Francis i of France and Henry vin of
Kngland, in 1520. It is 10 m sse
Calais.

Arebo, or Arebon, a town of Guinea,
on the Slave coaft, at the mouth of the
Formofo. Lon. 5 5 e, lat. 6 o n.

Areca, an ifland in the gulf of Perfia,
3 m sw Ormus. The Dutch attempt-
ed to eflablilh a fu-tory, and built a
fort here, but were expelled by the Per-
fians.

Arekea ', fee Arkiko.
Areniberf^y the capital of the dnchy of
WciVjhalia, and of a county of its name.
It is feated on a hill, by the river Roer,
aa m SSE Ham, and 63 ne Cologne.
Lon. 8 10 E, lat. 51 a3 v-

Arenjhurg, a feaport of Unflia, in the
government of Riga, capital of the ifle
of Oefel, and a bifhop's fee. Lon. 25
40 E, lat. 58 15 N.

Arenjhard, a diftri<ft in Denmark, in
the duchy of Slefwick, containing the
greatelt part of the famous rampart
built by king (Jotric, in the beginning
of the 9th century, as a defence againft
the eruptions of the Saxons. It extends
acrofs the country, about 9 m in length.
Arenfwaldey a town of brandenburg,
in the Nt w mark, on the lake Slauiii,
17 m seTsTcw -targard.

Arequipa, a c ♦^y ^li Peru, capital of a
province of the liur.e name and a bi-
fhop's fee. The country abounds in
wioe^ fugar, wheat, maize, aad puta*
Da

,1' )

i!

AUG

toes, but has few cattle. The city was
founded by l*i/irro in 1536; and it has
been fcvcral times laid in ruins by earth-
quakes, the laft in 17S5 ; but its edifices
werefoon rebuilt, and areof ftone The
houiVs have only one fie, or, with arched
roofs, to be prepared ag \in(l the effctfts
of earthqu-ikes. It has a beautiful
fountain of brafs in the chief fquarc,
and a fine bridge over tlie Chile, which
is let off by iluicc3 to irrigate the envi^
rons. It (lands in a valley, on the (kirt
of the mountain OmaU', which is a vol-
cano, 240 m 3 Cufco, and 460 sk Lima.
Lon. 71 58 w, lat. 16 16 s.

Arevalo, a town of Spain, in Old Cif-
tile, feated on the Adaga, 3 ? m n by e
Avila.

Arezzoy a town of Tufcany, in Flo-
rentine. Guy Aretin, a Hcnediiline
monk, inventor of the muftcal notes,
was born here ; alfo the celebrated
Francis Petrarch. It ftanda on a hill, ;it
the conflux of the Chianna and Arno,
4a m ESE Florence.

ArgaUy a new canton of SwifTerlnnd,
lying between Zurich and Bafel, on the
left bank of the Rhine. Aran is the
capital.

■ Argenees, a town of France, in the
department of Calvados, on the river
ivieauce, 10 m e Caen.

Argentan, a town of France, in the
department of Orne, with a confider-
able trade in lace } feated on an emi-
nence, by the river Orne, la m nw
Seez, and 1 10 w Paris.

Argenteuil, a town of France, on the
river Seine, smww Paris. It has a fine
vineyard; and in the environs are quar-
ries of the plafter of Paris.

Argentiera, a barren idand of the Ar-
ehipelagj, fo called from the filver mines
In it. There is but one village, and it
has no water but what is kept in cifterns.
Lon. 23 10 E, lat. 36 50 N.

Argentiere, a town of France, in the
department of Ardeche, 5 m sw Aube-
nas, and 17 w Viviers.

Argentofit a town of France, in the
department of Indre, divided into two
parts by the river Creufe. It is 37 m
sw Bourges. Lon. r 38 e, lat. 46 35 n.

Argiro Cajiro, a town of European
Turkey, in Albania, capital of a pacha-
lic* The inhabitants, eftimated at
«o,ooo, are chiefly Turks. It is feated
near a river of its name, which flows n
to the Vouifla, 50 m nw Janina. Lon.
30 28 E, lat. 40 18 N.

Argijh, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
Kurdiftan, on the n lide of the lake
Van, 50 m NW Van.

Argosi a town of European Turkey*

A U 11

in Morea, anciently a large city and the
capital of a kingdom, and is ftill the He
of a biOiop. The citadel, called I^a-
rifla, is on the fummit of a high rock ;
and the bazar, which is laii^;e and well
frequented, contains fome fragments of
antique columns. It Hands on the fide
of a hilljcomtiiandinga view over a rich
plain and the bay of Napoli, 32 m tNK
Trapoliz7,a. Lon. 23 5 e, lat. 37 40 n.

Ar^ojhli, a town of the iflarid of Cc-
falonin, with a fortrefs and the bid har-
bour in the ifland. It is 13 m wsw Ccfa-
lonia.

Aif^ue'il, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Seine, i« m nc
Rouen'.

Arguht, an illand and fort on thecoafl
of Zahara, 30 m st Cape Blanco It
was taken by the Dutch from the Por-
tugiiefe in 1638 ; afterward the French
took it from the Dutch. Lon. 17 5 w,
lat. CO 30 N.

Argun ; fee Sagbalien.

Argunjkoit a town of Siberia, on the
frontiers' of Eaftern Turkey. Near it
are mines of filver and lead, and a pearl
fifliery in the river Argun. It is 70 m
SE Nerfhinlk. Lon. 103 56 e, lat. 4z
30 N.

Argyleflnre, a county of Scotland,
boimded on the n by Invernefsfliire, s
by the counties of Perth and Dumbar-
ton, and s and w by the Atlantic ocean,
by which it is broken into iflands and
peninfulas. It is 114 m long, from the
mull v.f Cantyreto its ne extremity ; its
breadth is very unec,-jal, about 40 m
where greateft. It is divided into 49
pariihes, and fends a member to parlia-
ment. The number of inhabitants was
71,859 in 1801, and 85,585 in 1811.
To the NW is a peninfula nearly de-
tached from the reft of the county ; it
contains the diftri(5ts of Ardnamurchan,
Morven, Sunart, and Ardgowar: tlie
peninfulas of Cantyre and Covval arc
likewife very large. The chief iflands
attached to this county are Mnll, Illay,
Jura, Tirey, and Col. The foil of Ar-
gylelhire, in the high grounds, though
little fitted for cultivation, affords ex-
cellent pafture. Some parts are covered
with heath, and others exhibit rugged
and bare rocks. The fides of the hills
and lakes are interfperfed with woods;
and there are rich mines of copper,
iron, and lead. The chief town is In-
veraray.

Arhufetiy or Aarhus, a feaport of Den-
mark, in N Jutland, capital of a diocefe
of the fame n:;me. It is furrounded by
forefts full of game, and feated on the
HMq, at the mouth of the Cuda^

\

'S m 8 Wibu
.565 V.

P'«t'> l/ltr,i, , r, I

Ari.ino, ;i utv.

«na branch oft

,'nca, A /oapc

cef,. of /\re,juip

t''"-d, and has I

"••thquakes. lU

f'om P(,fon is i

"1^ 'jy farms empl

"f Guinea p,.pp

great trade. It ^

Lon. 70 25 w, lai

^*rienzo,n tovvi

cliLavoro, ,4mN

Antidal, a town

poven.mcnt of B,

P;odu(flive iron n

jt IS /eatcd near

Arhithot, a town

Partmentof f, r,.i,8

^'^rifio, a town on

«'>,at the mouth 01
^0 25.E.lat.8 4sN.
^''•'jc/i, a town an(
ag".'^ of the Medil
" g'ves name. Th
maftergofitinr^Qo.
, y the Turks H^dEi
he year. In ,800, the
figned a convention i
troops of the latter
fgypt; but the Engl
0 ratify thecapitulft
«n the confines of Arl
i6mswGaza,andif
/^['JP'y a city of ^

".the province of Sor
Jtion does not exceec
f. '^ by w Cinaloa.

.Man/a, a river of
Jesm the mountain J
0 New Mexico, in ab^
""vvs 2,70 miles, the!
nexuous,tothei\Jiflifli
te/sin lat. 3.4, J, J, 1

I f^y party, under lieutl

IT H "/^'"'^^'* by hir
Jdefcended by Jieiu

ted ."" r '^V "-'ountai J
JMoo miles becomes f

otland,
liirc, s
ambar-
ocean,
d3 and
om the
ty ; its
40 m
into 49
parlia-
int3 was
i8ii-
irly dc-
anty ; it j
lurclian,
ar: the
)wal arc
f idands
11, inay,
il of Ar-
though
brds ex-
covered
t rugged
the hills
woods ;
copper>
n is In-

kofDen-
• a diocefe
Lndedby
led on the

AUK

>5 m 8 Wilnng. Lon. 9 50 b, lat.

,)"6 r> N-

'hiano, .1 town of Naples, in Princi-
pato Ultra, i r, m k by N Ben'-rmto.

^Iri.wo, a town of Italy, in Fcrrarefe,
on a branch of the K), ixm nk Teirara.
'r/V^, ;i fcaport of I'crn, in the dio-
cef<? of Areciuipa. It is but hadly for-
tifit'd, and has bi?cn much injured by
eartlujuakes. Here the treafure brought
from Pot oli is lliippcd ; and there are
many farms employed in the cultivation
of Guinea pepper, in which it has a
greattrade. It is 170 m sse Areqnipa.
Lon. 70 15 w, lat. 18 17 s.

Arienzo, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Lavoro, 14 m ne Naples.

Arifieial, a town of Norway, in the
government of Bergen, noted for the
produdlive iron mines in its vicinity.
It is fcated near the fea, 10 m nne
Chriftianfand.

Arhit/iot, a town of France, in the de-
partment of J, ra, 8ms Orgelet.

Aripo, a town on tlie w coaft of Cey-
lon, at the mouth of the Sarunda. Lou.
80 Z5 E.lat. 8 4s N.

Ari/c/i, a town and fort of Egypt, on
a gulf of the Mediterranean, to which
it gives name. The French became
mafters of it in 1799 '■> butit was retaken
by the Turks and En^difli n the end'of
theyear. In i8oo,theTurksandFrench
figned a convention here, by which the
troops of the latter were to evacuate
Egypt ; but the Englilh admiral refufed
to ratify the capitulation. Arifchftands
on the confines of Arabia and Faleftine,
j6m sw Gaza, and uo ne Suez.

Arifpe, a city of New Spain, capital
of the province of Sonora. The popu-
lation docs not exceed 8000. It is 330
m N by w Cinaloa- Lon. 108 55 w,
ht. 30 36 N.

■irkanfa, a river of Louldana, which
rifes in the mountains on the N border
of New Mexico, in about lat. 41 n, and
flows 2170 miles, the lower half vtfry
flexuous, to the Mifliffippi, which it en-
ters iti lat. 33 45 N. In 1S06, the ftream
of this river was ftruck by an explora-
tory party, under lieut. Pike, in lon. 96
30 w, lat. ? 7 44 N ; and from this point
it was ufcended by him to its Iburce,
Jnd defcended by lieut. VVilkinfon to
its mouth. Its whole length, except
190 m in the mountains, may be navi-
I gated in fpring with boats conftrudted
I for the purpofe, and meet with no de-
jtentions : but infummcr, foon after at-
Itaining the plain, the ri» er for upward
|i|f 400 miles becomes nearly dry, the
IM extending over a wide fandy foil ;
liDd lower down, below the inQux of

ARM

Grand river, is a perpendicular fall of
near fcven feet, and rapids that extend
feveral hundred miles. Its banki, in ge*
neral, <ire rich in herbage, and abound
with buffaloH, elks, and di.er.

Arkanfa, a town, or military pod, of
Louiliana, on the left bank of the Ar-
kanfi, 100 m above its mouth. Lon. ya
ao w, lat. 34 10 N.

Arkikot or Arekea, a fcaport of Abyf-
finia, in Tigre, on the bay of Mafuah,
5 m SB Mafuah.

Arkloui, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Wicklow, with the remains
of a caftle, and a haven for fmall craft.
It ftaods near the mouth of the Ovoca,
13ms Wicklow.

Aries, a city of France, in the depart-
ment of Mouths of the Rhone, lately au
archiepifcopal fee- The country around
produces good wine, vermilion, mannaj
"1, and fruits. There aieagreat num-
ber of antiquities, of which the amphi-
theatre and obelifk are the mod re-
markable. It is feated on the Rhone,
20 m SE Nifmes. Lon. 437 e, lat. 43
40 N.

Arlejheim, a town of France, in the
department of Mont Terrible, lately of
Swiflerland, in the bifhopric of Bafelf
3ms Bafel.

Arleux, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Nord, 8 m Nw Cambray.

Arloriy a town of the Netherlands, in
Luxemburg, feated on a mountain, 10
m Nw Luxemburg.

Armagh, A county of Ireland, 3.\ni
long and 19 broad ; bounded on the B
by Down, w by Tyrone and Monaghan,
N by Lough Neah, and s by Louth. It
contains ao parilhes, and fends three
members to parliament. The foil is
reckoned the richeft in Ireland ; but a
tradl called the Fowes is hilly and bar-
ren, and there are alfo fome confider-
able hogs. Some good marble is found
in this county; and the linen manufac-
ture flouriflies in all its branches. It
has no river of confequence but the
Blackwater, which feparates it from
Tyrone.

Armagh^ a city of Ireland, capital of
the county of its name, and the fee of
an archbiihop, who is primate of all
Ireland. Here is a handfome archiepif-
copal palace, a noble fchool founded bf
Charles i, a complete obfervatory, and
a public library. Armagh fends a mem-
ber to parliament, has a great linen mar*
ket, and many bleaching grounds in
its vicinity. It is feated near the river
Kalin, 52 m se Londonderry, and 76 w
by w Dublin. Lob. 7 6 w, lat. 54 20 n.
Armaihana, a town of Perfia, in Irak

\u

''■>

A R N

Agimi, ¥»ith a fqiiare fort, oo m nnw
Call) in.

.Irmaj^rtiJ.-, n late province of Fmnrc,
in GuiiD^c, 5< m long and 40 lno;ul.
It is fertiK- in corn ;inii wine, and liH .1
tracfc in brandy and «•■ ol. 'I his pro-
Tincc, with Cilcony, now forms the de-
partment of Gcrs,

Armenia, a l.irgc country of Afi.i,
pan ill Turkey and part in Persia ;
bounded on the w by thr Euphrates, 8
by Diarljek and Kuidiftan, k by Schir-
van, and n by Gct)rpii. It is a fine
country, being w.tttred by fivcral large
rix'er*. Thf inhabitants arc much at-
tached to comrrifrce, and undertake
long journeys to carry it on. '1 lity are
chiefly Chriftians, and have a patriarch
and an archbifhop. Krzcrum and Kri-
»an are the two capitals.

ArmentitTj. i town of France, in the
department of Nord, feated on the Lia,
J m WNW Liflf.

Armkri, a town of France, in the de-

Earttntnt of Nord, fcafcd on the Sann-
re, :o m s Mons.

Armiro, a town of European Turkey,
in Macedonia, on the gulf of Velo, 30
jn sa Lariflfii. Lon. 23 12 e, lat. 39 30 n.

Armuydi-n, a town of Holland, in the
ifland of Walcheren, now inconfider-
able, the fea having ftopt up the har-
bour. Tiic fait works are its chief re-
fourcc. It is 3 m e Middleburg.

Arnay It Due, a town of France, in
the department of Cote d'Or, feated in
a valley, near the river .^Airoux, 25 m
NW Baune.

Arueberg, a town of Brandenburg, in
the Old mark, with a luincd caftic on
» hill, by the river Elbe, 3 m from
Werben.

Arttfdo, a feapnvt of Peru, with a
good harbour, in the Pacific ocean, s5
W N Callao. Lon. 76 53 w, lat- 11 40 s.

Arnhaui'en, a town of Germany, in
Further romerania, 27 m ssb Colberg.

Arn/ietm, a ftrong town of Holland,
in Gelderland, capital of the quarter or
county of its name. It was formerly
the rcfidence of the dukes of Celd(r-
land, and is feated on the Rhine, 8 m n
J»Jimeguen. Lon. 5^ 54 e, lat. 52 2 N.

Arno, a river of Tufcany, which rifes
In the Apennrnes, and paffing by Flo-
rence and Pifa, enters the gulf of Ge-
noa, a little below the latter town.

AiuJ/jeim, a town of Germany, in the
palatinate of the Jlhine, 8 m from
KreuzMiach.

Arhj.adt, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Thuringia, with a caftle, a p.ilace, a/id
three churches j feared on the Cera, 11
pi s grfurt.

A H H

Arn/Jfift, n town of Fraiiconia, in the
principality of Wurtzluirg, with a caf-
tle; Icat'd on the Weren, 9 m sw
Scliweinfuit.

Aroi/inge.ji city of Prrfia, in Sfgrflan,
and the capital of a di(lri(Jl to which it
gives name. It is no m ssw Canda-
har, and jio fflh Zaicng. i.on. 65 4<3
E lat. 3t 20 N.

Afolfcn, a town of Germany, in the
county of VValdech, near the river Aar,
29 xi\ .H8K Paderbovn.

Arona, a town of Italy, in Milanefe,
with a ruined caftle, once the principal
rtfidence of the Borrtjmeau f.imily,
where St. Charles was born On the
fummit of a hill near the town la ercttcd
a c»»lo(ral flatue ot this eminent arch-
bifliop of Milan. Arona is an adive
trading place ; and in the cathedral are
fnmc fine pa-ntings. It ftands on the
lake Maggiore, 3' m wnw Milan.

Aronehcii a town of Portugal, in
Alentejo, with a c.iftle, on the river
Caro, 16 m se Portalegre.

ArooK a town of Riiflia, in the go-
vernment of Kiof, feated on the Occa,
20O m s Mufcow. Lun. 36 40 E, lat.

51 .5« ^■

Arpino, a town of Napleb, in Terra di
Lavoro, 8 m n Aquino.

Arquattiy a town of the territory of
Genoa, feated on the Scrivia, 25 m k
Genoa.

Artjiiato, a town of Italy, in Padiun,
famous for the vill.i and tomb of Pe-
trarch. It ftands on the N fide of a hill,
10 m s Padua.

Argues, a town of France, in the de-
partment of I,ower Seine, with an an-
cient caftle. Here Henry iv gained a
complete viiSory over the duke of May-
enne, general of the league, in 15&9. It
ftands un a river of its name, 4 m se
Dieppe.

Arraajff, a feaport of Brafil, in the
province of Fernambuco. It i? built on
a narrow channel, with a caftle to defend
ih.e entrance, and efteemed the rtronguft
place in all Brafil. Lon. 2,(i 'o ^^'j 'at-
8 10 s.

Arraht a town of Hindooftan, in Ha-
bar, T,^ m w by s Pai.ia.

Arraiti an illand of Scotland, in the
frith of Clyde, to the s of the ille of
Buie. It is of an oval form, 20 m long
and 12 broa<l, and conftitutes the gnat-
eft part of the county of llute- Ridges
of nigged m(!untains extend acrofs the
inand,and Goatfelis •:fi4o feel in heiglit.
The fouthern parts prcfent low ?nd cul-
tivated grounds; and great quantitietj
of corn and cattle are raiicd. The cl-
mate i» fcvere, but healthy; and inta*

lid I rcfnrt I, 1

Koati milk. I

«n this ifland,

pi'Mttft diftref

f»'und iron-ort

of beautiful pi

numerous bays

wonderful cav

ftieltertofmug

numerous popi

jngthc l-r/el-u,

The principal v

SKcoaft, ntarti

458 w, bt.35 ■■

Ann ft ///es, <

three iHands on

oppufite the bay

Anaj, a fort 11

pital of the depa

and an epifcopa!

two towns, one

•8 ancient, and

which is modern

*i.'ll of fin,- buil,

pi:j/zas. It is 1^.

m WNwCambiu'
17 -V.

•-/'•r/V^^, a dt-pi
tamii : the late t
and i OIK. h is 1
which rifes in the
by Foix and Pan
ronne, near 'i'oul
found among its 1
pital.

-^rroe, a final I
the Baltic, betwe
andAlfen. Lou.

. ■^TojodeSt.Sei
in Eftremaduia, 8
Badajoz.

Arroo, fivei/lanc

\o the s and w of

Jng from 5 30 to

channels between

dudtisfdgo. Dui

monfoon numerou

paradife from Ni

thcfe iflands, whei

{LJlled, dried, and

The Arroo iflcs a

longing to the Du

. -^Irfurt a town (

'n Palcftine, witl

Jaffa.

Arta, a town oi
Albania, and a Gre
has a confiderabie
wool, leather, ta
timber, <S:c. It i

■*»"ta, near its ent
Arta, 30 m ssE J
lat. 39 28 N.
Artaki, a town

1, 111 Ba-

A n T

lidi rcfnrt li Ihcr to dritik tlic whey of
goats milk. Robert Hruco took rctiigo
in this idind, during tlic time of his
prtMttfl dillp'fi. Among the rocks arc
fmiiid iron-ore, fpar, and gre.it vnriety
of beautiful pebl)lc8. On thccoafl ire
numerous bays and harbours, and mnny
wonderful caverns, whicli often afford
fhclterto fmu.r^lers. Arran contains a
numerous pt)pulation of piifons fpcak-
ing llie I'lrfe l.>hguat';p, but has no town.
The principal village id Kilbride, on the
s F. coaft, near the buy of 1 •r.mlr.Jh. Lon.
4 j8 u', Ln.55 ^^ N.

y!rrn>i I/Us, or South Arran ijlandsy
three iflands on the w coaft of Ireland,
oppolite the bay of Galvvay.

Arraj, a fortified city of France, ca-
pital of the department of Pas de Calais,
and an cpifcopal fee. It is divided into
two towns, one named tlie city, which
is ancient, and the other the town,
which is modern. The great fquaiv is
full of fine buildings funounded with
piazzas. It is fealed on the Scarpe, a
m vvNw Cambray. Lou. a 46 e, lat. 50
17 N.

Arrif^f,:\ depart mcnt of France, con-
tainii : the late provinces of Couferans
and i oix. It h .0 named from a river,
which rifes in the Pyrenees, and palFing
by Foix and P.uniers, enteis the Ga-
ronne, near Toulonfe. Gold duft is
found among its faiids. Foix is the ca-
pital.

Arroe, a frnall illand of Denmark, in
the Baltic, between the iflands of Funcn
and Alfen. Lon. 10 ao e, lat. 55 10 n.

Arrojo de St. Ser-van, a town of Spain,
in Eftremadura, 8ms Merida, and 25 e
Badajoz.

Arroo, five iflands in the Indian ocean,
to the s and w of New Guinea, extend-
ing from 5 30 to 7 o s lat. with narrow
channels between them- The chief pro-
dud is fago. During the dry or weftern
monfoon numerous flocks of the birds of
paradife from New Guinea refide in
thcfe iflands, where great numbers are
killed, dried, and exported to Banda.
The Arroo ifles are conlidered as be-
longing to the Dutch.

Arfur, a town on the coaft of Syria,
in Paleitine, with a fortrefs, 10 m N
Jaffa.

Arta, a town of European Turkey, in
Albania, anda Greekarchhifliop'sfee. It
has a confiderable trade in corn, cotton,
wool, leather, taffeties, tobacco, wine,
timber, &c. It is feated on the river
Arta, near its entrance into the gulf of
Arta,'3o m sse Janina. Lon. ai 20 E}
lat. 39 28 N.

Artaki, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in

A « C

Natolia, on the s coail of tlie fe;j of
Marmora, 76 m svv Conftantiiiople.
l<on. a; 40 t, lat. J9 jo .■;.

'Irta/iui, a town of I'.uropo.in Turkey,
in Hoinania, 40 ni nvv (iallipoli.

Artirii, a town of Upper Saxony, In
Thuringia, on the river Unftjult, 29 m

NNK I'.lt'lllt.

Artihijuittt a river of St. Domingo,
which lif.ii ill tiie ( ibao m(>iintains,
flows in a loiij; meandering courle to the
w, aiul eht»r8 the fca N of the bay of St.
Ma.k.

Ario'ts, a late province of Fiance,
bounded on the a and ri by Flaiultrs,
and s and w by llaiiiault, Cambrelis,
and Picardy. It is now included in the
department of Pas de Calais.

Arnha, an ifl and [5 m in circumfer-
ence, near the coaft of Terra Firma.
Lon. 70 5 w, lat. i: 10 n.

Arvf, a rapid river of Savoy, which
rifes in Faucigny, and watering .S;<.
Icnche, Clufe, and iJonncvillc, joins the
Rhone below Geneva.

Arundtiy a borough in Suflex, govern,
ed by a mayor, with a market on Wed-
mfday and Saturday. It ftands on the
lide of a hill, by the river Arun,andhai
a venerable Gothic church, formerly col-
legiate. Its caftle, an ancient feat of
the dukes of Norfolk, is faid to be a
mile in compafs : the owner of this
caftle, without any creation, is earl of
Arundel. The river is navigable for
barges ; and great quantities of timber
are fent hence for the dock-yards. Jt
is 8 m SE Chichefter, and 56 ssw Lon-
don. Lon. o 29 w, lat. 50 55 n.

Arivatiffen, a town and caftle of Swif-
ferland, in the canton of Bern, an the
river Aar, 1 a m e Soleuie.

Arxilla, a town of the kingdom of
Fez, on the feacoall, at the mouth of a
river, 25 m ssw Tangier.

Arzroum ; fee Krzerum.

Afab, a town of Abylfinia, in Dan-
cali, on a bay of the Red fea, 36 m se
Bailur.

Afaphi St. a city of Wales, in Flint-
fhlre, on the river Elway, where it
unites with the C'lwyd. It is a poor
place, of note only for iis cathedral, but
has a market on Saturday. It is 34 m
w Chefttr, and 205 nw London. Lon.
3 36 w, lat. 53 12 N.

Afcenjion, a barren illand, in the At-
lantic ocean, 600 m nw St. Helena. It
is 10 m long and 6 broad, and has a
fafc harbour, where the E India ihipi
often touch to procure turtles, which
are here plentiful and large. Lon. 14 a8
w, lat. 7 57 «•

Afchajfenburg, a town of Ger-many,

'¥■•'.-

M

lUi'

u'^

■'. ii!>

A S 11

!Atfly ill llic territory ol Mfiitz, but njw
till- cipit.tl of .1 principality, of th-.- Time
nnmc. Hire i^ a p.ilac^*, in wliicli
Cu'vr^X ri took iip lii'< «|inrtt'r8 the
niKlit f cforc the I) itth- <if I), ttinn •n, in
174.^ It was taken by tht- Ficiioh ni
1796 and iHoo It i-* lltii.it"' in'ar the
conflux iifthf .Mchift" with the Mai.iP,
If) m f'si. I'lMiikfort, ami 40 wnw
VViirlzb'.irg. l-on. 9 5 t, lat. jo o
n.

/l/ce/i, a town of Italy, in the mar-
qiiilatf of Anrona, willi two citadch;
llpatrd on a moiiMtain by ihc rivi-r
Tronto, 80 m nk Ronu*. Lon. jj ig
t, lat. 42 44 N-

'■tjcoli ('' '^ii'y'ion., a town of N'lpien,
m Capit . ' ;t" '' on a inouni iin, 70

L I. 1.5 50 t, lat. 41

and for-

Nap

U<

m K

■■Ijirr, or Afcrr^^ur, : >wn
trcls nl" HimUiollan, in C andeilh, jo in
KL Bi.ilianpniir.

Ajhhorn, a town in Dcrbylhirc. with
a niarki't on Saturday. It is f nnoiisfoi*
checff, and iVattd between the rivers
Dove and Compton, lu m nk, Utoxct*!*!
and 139 NNw London.

A.'^uruham, a town of Miffachiifcts,
in VVorcerter cninty, 30 m n Worccftcr,
and 54 Nw Hofton.

Ajhburton, a borough in Dcvonlhire,
with a market on Tuelday for wool and
yarn, ami on S.iturday for provifions. It
19 one of the four ftannary towns, and
haRaccnliderablpmaiuifaiJtnre offcrgt^s.
It ftands among hilN (remarkable for tin
and copper) near tiie river D;irt, 19 m
sw Exelcr, and iqj w by s London.
Lon. 3 50 w, hit. 50 30 N.

Ajhby de la Zouch, a town in Leicef-
terfhire, with a market on Saturday. It
had a caftle with a very high tower,
fomi' ruins of wliich remain. Here are
inanufajJluies of (lockings and liatB ;
»nil * corliderahle trade in malt A
canal from the town communicates with
the Coventry canal. Aihby is ij m
s Derby, and 1 1 s n Nw London.

Ajlfitld., a town of MairachulVts, in
Hampshire county, 15 m nw North-
ampton.

Ajhfordt a (own in Kent, governed by
a rtiayor, with n market on Tnefday.
The church is large, and was form(?rly
cone;riate. It is featcd on the Afh, near
its conflux with the Stour, 14 m sw
Canterbury, and 55 sk London.

Ajfordt a towa of Conncfticut, in
Windham county, 14 m n Windham,
and ^3 tt.K Hartford.

Ajhmunein, a town of Egypt, built on
tiie ruins of a city, fuppofed to be the
tijciint Hcrmopolis, on the left bank of

.\ s r

thi" Nile, 140 Hi ^sw C.iiro. Lon. .^i 7

K, lit 38 10 N.

A hticif^iir, a town of Candahir, in
t^e province of Cabul, fcate<l on the
K uTieh, 1)0 in n Attock, and 100 sK

C4t)lll.

A/fra/, or I'.jhrtf, \ town of Prrlia,
ill VI v/aiideran, the favorite refidenoe of
tin- great Sli.ih Abbas, whole grand pa-
lace is no>v in a niindu- Itaie It ia
lituate near a bay of the Cafpi.in fca, 40
m I' by N S.iri

Ajht'm. a village in l.ancalhire, 4 m fl
Wigan. It his onlidtrable mjnu«
fatitiirei of cotioii and hardware.

Ajhton-uiult-rl.iiif, a village in Lan-
cifhirc, (eaicd on a high bank by the
river Tame, 7 rn t Manchefltr. It has
a large church, a manufai'hire of cotton,
an iron fomulry, extenfivc collieries*,
and a can il from Maiichefler. which is
bee -nini'd by the Huddersficld and
Peak I')ri'll canals.

AlhrMell, a vill.ige in Ilertforddiiro, 4
m N liildock. It was formerly a bo-
rough ; and "ear its fine church are the
remains of a Roman camp, which con-
lilts of 12 acres of land, enclofed by a
deep ditch. Many fepulchial urni
have been dug up in the neighbour-
hood.

ASIA, one of the four grand div'.-
fi Ills of the world ; bounded on the tf
by the Frozen ocean, e by the Parific
ocean, s by the Indian ocean, and v/ by
the Red fca, the Mediterranean, the
Hlack fea, the Don, the Volgr., the
Uial mountains, and the river C" ira. It
extends 6,050 m from the Dar.lanelles
on the w, to the t Ihore of Vartary ;
and .s-iSo m from the mod fouthern
part of Malacca to the moP. northern
cape of Nova Zembla ; beiag fuperior
in extent, as well as in many other re-
fpedts, to Africa and Europe. This
quarter of the globe has 'xien the fceiie
of the mod important *.ranfadions re-
fpcding the human rajc; as the cre-
ation of man, the eftanifhment of the
Hebnvv nation and religion, the pro-
mulgation of Chrifti?nity, &c. In early
times, this vail extent of territory was
fiiccenively governed by the AfFyrians,
Medes, Perliuns, md Greeks ; but the
rL'gions of India and China were little
known to Alexander, or the conquerors
of the ancient world. On the decline
of thefe empires, great part of Alia
fubmitted tr the Romans ; and .nfter-
ward, in thr. middle ages, the Saracens
founded in Afia, Africa, and Europe, a
more ext'.'nfive empire than that of the
Roman when in its height of power.
The Saracen greatnefs ended with the

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«l'«lh »»f Tin
ti)ni|MPn)r* »ir
irtii of thv II
t^ hic>i till Y r
»MUiilr'«t i»i r
l.irl.iry, Ch
)V'»l4, Ar.iM

lirnil p..t'l(.tlli
J!tuii, Coil, fllM

iii.iy Ih' tiiiHhl I

UJplwllVC tOKII

Aj!ng,i, A In
liiKi, '.o m N »

■ liiiitt,', rr
A'rii. . rioitli i)»
ripltal tit ot'iih
t. I.it 8 I > N,

.l/in/ini, j»n
ririciii, on thf '
111 N' bjr w S.id,,

pir>. friJili' Aiul
III. 410 s.

■ l/'/ientO)!, a
t!ic roiliity of I
cilUi', aiitl lor c
aliluyi ill till' cii
ilic Di'fl, iitir
Sli.iniion, 18 rn vv

-Ijierjini//, .1 tn'
ricia, mar iln- m

'l/->rit(, a town

.ini.irkft iiiri'liiir

"re, lil rn wsw I

l.oiuloii.

• //?//i; fic l:jhf.

■ ijhitnu, a tnwi

nutiiic'iu of Upp

llcll ic- ' '^

.//(^.(V, a town 01

20m sK Urtfci.i.

■■l/bJo, i town o
with a CpacioiiK cit
hrromidcd by wa
tlie Miiriiu',-|7m
'l/'/'/j, or .Izo/,
I'lliii M'tCoiU, lyiii
>vith which it co
llrait of Tainan.
tMllcd the Sea of Z

ll'i") SW to N K.

/ljo/>/i, a c (hiin
pile, in the pr ■vine
inchidinp a laigt- t
tlic V of the tov n
ceik-d by the I'u
flftiT thr.t period,
V'tie built by Cati
which, Catharincnfl

'ijb/>/i, a town ol
cipitaiof tht'dirtii(f
I'Mtcd on the s brani
i.t8 t-ntrancc into the
tortrcfs has b«n fcv«

A SO

ilrdth of Timtrl.Ui'- 1 atiJ Ihr Turku*
i<iii<|iipr(ir< t)ii ''viry ii«U'i lo»li |>(>ir>-t'«
iMti of thv iniiMli* rc(;ioo« n<l All4»
which tlx/lMI «iij'7. Till pilm'ipii
Ci'Uiitr'o III lliit cutitiiK" * Hrt Sih' ri4,
l.trLiry, Ctiitii. TiUt, lliiuiooit4ii,
P.lit, AralU", .'ml lurluy. 'llK' v.i-
iiDiii p;>r'kill.ii<i of govvrnnt'iit, r»'ll>
yiuil. Coil, ciirMitCf tM't prttdiiOl)()')«,

in.iy \tv ttiiMiil uiuiir t.f nunc* ot thr
lilp^'Clivc coiMiiricH.

Ajlnj((i, 4 town of Ita'y, In Vic««-
tint*. 10 m f* ^ kni/a.

.litiil,', If .IjirHto, a country of
A'iu . iioitit o( thi> Ciolil cuill. Till'
r.ipltAl \* ttt' (lie i'<kii)e lurno. Luii. o lo

k, l.lt b I > N.

.yiniini,»r\ ifi-irul in thf Mi'iliirrrn-
rintr.iii. on th«' nvv coAtl of Sarttini.!. 17
III N by w S.iir.iri. It !•» aH m ir) com-
v.\i\, ffitiji' Ami popirl(»iiik. I.oii. il 2( iL,
l.ii . 4 1 o N .

Ai heiilon, A boron;;!* of Inl^ml, in
tliouuntyuf Limcrirl(, noted for '\\%
cillli', aiiil for oni- oftlu* luoft pirfi<*l
vhlK-ys in tiic country. It io ftttcil on
the l)<-fl, III ir itit I'oiifliix wiih the
Sh.itinon, 18 in whsv l.imcriclc.

.l/ier/untl, a town of Swrilrn, in Nf-
rici.iiiHsir ilii> Niiul uf thclukc Wetter,
i.i m !>sv\ ()ii'l)r.>.

yljirix, a town in N Yorklhin', with
ani.irkrt on TItiirfd.ty ; Icitctl nc.«r tiic
Urc, iti in wsw Kictuuuud, and 246 n
l.oiiilon.

.Ijh/i ; ftc /''/»>••

■ ijnitrtij, a town of, France, in the* dc-
pirtniciu of Upper Vifiiiic, 10 m NW

.Iji^.ii, a town ofi It.ily, in Ha-fciaiio.
jom >.K UrtTci.i.

,'i/6/o, 1 town of Italy, in Trcvifano,
with a fp.icioii'i citadel on .1 hill. It is
liirioiiiiil'-d by walls, and lituatc near
the Miif.'iii','!; n\ nw Ticvifo.

.t/'>/>/j, or .Itof, a fca. ancient!/ tlie
iMiM M'xoiii, lyinp n of the BJ.ick lla,
with which il communicates by tlic
Unit of Taman. Thit fe.i, fonu'timrs
;^^;illnl the Sea of Zaiiali, extendi z^o m
iro") .sw to N K.

Ajbf>/t, a c MA of the RulTian em-
pire, in the pr 'viucf of ('atharinrnfl.if,
iiichidinp a large iraiit of territory to
tlic V of the tov .1 of -\fop!i. It wis
ceded by thi; Turka in 1774. .md
sftir ili.'it period, feveral new town;)
v.'tre built by Catharine 11 ; one of
which, CatharincnRaf, is the capital.

A;bp/i, a town of Rudia, lately tht:
c.ipitalof till- ilifliirt of the finie iianu',
ItMted on the s branch of the Don, near
its entrance into the fea of Afoph. The
Tortrcfs has b««n fcvcral times taken Uy

ASS
flif Turki .ip«l HLlllini. ft ii not of
tin- Import met It W.IS ID thf relK" 'if
]\{>r Ilia f rr«i i the rUer hfing now fo
I'hokid with find. .1* fcircely I'* admit
Ihf iiudlrft vi'lM It it tio m i C.ithi>
no lUr I.oi. 14 la K, l.lt. 46 jH V,

.fi/>irfH, « town of llolUittt. Limoui
for 4 loi'f Iii^« whkh it hrlU o it
n|tiii>>fHhr (Mdiianmn Mir I1i4fe.11-
cdtiii Ihr l.iitglic, 1 1 m « l/lrrcht, ftiut
at ^ UtUttfidim.

.ijiim, R ..xiinliy of Art.i, boundcrl
on tlif w by Mental cid Hoilan, .n tijr
Tibet, and ir. mu 1 by Meel<lev Tli«
river l))irrampo')t< r divideit it into two
fertile province* ( the noithvrn, Mhuh
Uthc richeft,b<' UK Called Utt' leul, 4iid
the loiithern Dichiiuul. Aiiion^t thr
product* lie niiny kind* of valuable
Iriiiii, with lilk, miilk. pepp.r. coco.i,
beetle, fui;ar, an«l Kifi^er. The open
parti are it .u-k'-d wiili populitioii aiid
tilligei the woiidn .iboiind with cl»
uhaiitn. The mouiit-iins are inhabited
by a fivn;.' tribe called Nan.u-i. who
go II. iked, and eat iloj:*, mice, lo.
ciitlu, am) any ihiiiKthcy can Hiid. Thi?
other inhibii.inla of All'am arc bale and
unpiinciplii!, havi; no tixed religion,
nor any rule but their inclination. They
e.it all (bill except human, and even
aninili that ilie a na'uial death. They
.are enterprinn/, fiv.ij^e, viiuliiJlive, ami
fond of w.ir. i hey hive neither horfcs,
aH'c*, nor camels; but they are fome.
timen brought from other countricM.
The alliiiity of the Allamefe to thr
Iliiutoos, is funicieiitly afi-ertaiiicd by
their language, tor the UcnK.il c is ce.
nerally fpolten in .Mlam.
the c.4pital.

Ajjaiuule, a town of Turklfli Ar-
menia, whieli his hot baths iniieh fir-
(luented ; fcaled on the Arc , :: m v.
Li/.erum.

• {u'arpunr, a town of Hindooftan, in
the country of Cutch, at the molt
eilhin mouth of the Indus, 38 m w
Moo.:ebooj;e.

AjeiTxitr, a ftrong bill-fort of Ilin-
douitin, in ("andeilh. In the war with
the Mahrattas, in i«oj, it furrendered
to the lirililh. It is ao m nk liurhan-
poiir.

Ajen, a town of IIoll mil, in Overyf-
ftl, urns Gr.)niiigen, and 21 nnw
Cocvordtn.

AjJ'ftiltehit, a town of Germany, in
the circle of Upper Rhine, at tlie con-
llnx of the Wetter with the Nidda, 11
m N K Frank^"' i.

Ay'efis, a lei.port of Denmark, in the
iHand of Funen. It is the common
pifiTije from the duchy of SluAvick to

lie,! I c is g«
Ghergong is

>'

. 1 1

!1 ,11

>i

ii *■", I,

h 1 1

"t ^

n

?%

AST

Copenlngcn, and is 17 maw Odenfce.
Loii. 10 a K, lat. 155 17 N.

AHyU a town «)V It.-ily, in the tincliy
of Sjxdcto, witli a magnifucnt rlnnch,
and many convents wiih valnablo

Eaintings. It is l!ic l.irtliplaco of St.
ranrip, and the cliicf Itat of tlio
Francifi-an order. It Hands on the fide
of a hill, 21 m nw SpoN-lo.

Ajjos, a ftapoit of Aliaiic Turkey, in
Natolia, on a hay of the Arciupelago,
jj m SF. 'I'roas. Lon. 56 j6 e, lat. .^9

Afumf>tionf an cpifcopal city, capital
of a province in l'araj.'nay. It ftimds
in a fertile couniry, on ti!eri\er Para-
guay. Lon. i;/ 40 w, lat. '46 o s.

Ajinbnt, a town of Pcriian Armenia,
•>, rti from the rivi.r Aras, and 33 se
pjakfivan.

A/i^rn, a town of Perfia, in GUilan,
on a river of the fame name, near its
entrance into the Cafpian fea. Lon. 50
40 1;. lat. 38 30 N.

'tjhraba/i, or EjlernLad, a city of
Pcrlia, in iVlazanderan, capital of a
country of its name, at the sk part of
tlie Cafpian lea. It is governed hy a Pcr-
linn piince, and a great part of the royal
ticaliirc is faid to be depofitod here It
ftands near the mouth of the .Kfl;.v,
whicli forms a bay convenient for trade,
60 m li l>v N Saii. Lon. ^4 o e, lat. 36
4S N. '

AjiU a city of Piedmont, capita! of
the department of Tanaro, with a
citadel. Bcfide the ca'hedral, it con-
tains npvvaid of 30 other chnrches. It
is fcaled on the Tanaro, 24 m k i'urin.
Lon. 8 17 I, lat. 44 ■/■> n.

Aftcr^

a city of Spiin, in Leon,

'j.i'!

and the fee of a bifliop. It is well for-
tified hy rut and nat;ire. In 1M12, tlie
French, then in p.»nLflion of the city,
were b( fieged hy the Spaniards, to
whom they fnrrendertd. Itisfiraled in a
plain, on the river Tueria, 25 in svv
Leon. Lon. ^32 w, lat. 42 2-, n.

Af-.filiady a town of Perfia, in C'h(.r,i-
/an, on the borders of Balk, 70 m ene
Herat.

///?r<7f«w, the principal city of Afntic
Pniii,!, capital of .'1 pt»ovincr of the fame
i!a;T!e, and an archhifliop's fe. It is fur-
ronnded by walls, and on the w has a
triangular foitrefs. Here are 25 Ruffian
churches and two convents ; the Ar-
menians, Lutherans, and papifts have
their places of v/orfhip ; and the Hin-
doos have been permitted to eredl a
temple. 'Jhe houfes are in ce^eral of
wood 5 and the inhabitants arc clt jiat-
ed at 70.000 It feldom rains here ;
but the rivtr Volga, on which it Ainds,

A T II

overflows annually, and when thf water
is run oti', the grafs prows in lefs than a
month. Here are fevernl large vine-
yards, from whieli fome wineiamadr
for hoir.e confumption ; alfo manu.
fadtuics of pimpowdcr and nitre ; and
on tlie tide of the Cafpian fea ate long
marfhes, which produce a vaft cpiantity
of fait. This city has an inland com-
munication by water with Mofcow and
Peterfbiirg, and is the chief feat of tho
(•iifpian commerce. It is feateil on an
ifland formed by the river, ^0 m from
the Cafpian fea, and 770 st Mofcow
Lon. 47 46 K, lat. 46 22 N.

Ajittr'uisy a province of Spain, 120
m long and 45 broad ; bounded on
the K by Uifcay, s by Old Caftiie and
Leon, w by Galicia, and N by the At-
lantic. It is divided into two parts, Af-
turias d'Ovicdo and Afturias de San-
tillana ; fo named from their chief towns.
This province is full of mountains and
forcfts ; its wine and horfes are excel-
lent, and it has mines of gold, lapin
lazuli, and vermilion. The elded fon
of the king of .Spain is ftyled prince of
Aftnrias.

Aj'itan ; fee Sji'fie.

Atacci»!a, a feaport and province of
Peru. The province has a great defert
cl the fnme t;ame, and feparates Prru
fro:Ti Chili. 'I'lie town i". remarkable
for the fifh cnlled 'Folio, with which it
carries on a great trade with the inland
provinces. It is 210 m s by e Arid.
Lon. 6() 30 w. lat. 21 20 s.
Atocames ; fee Tai.amcs.
Atalajjn, atown of Portugal, in Zftrr-
madura, with a fort on an eminence,
5ms 'Fomar.

Ati'na, a town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato Citra, near the river Negro,
22 m N Policafho,

At/t, a fortified town of the Nether-
lands, in Hainault. It has been often
taken ; and is feated on the Dender, u
m Nv/ Mons.

Athaholi, a town of European Tur-
key, in Ilomania, on the coaft of ths
Black fea, 70 m ne Adrianople.

Aihbny, it borough of Ireland, in the
county of Meath, 34 m Kvv Dublin.

Athdney^ an ifland in Somerfetiliire,
..t the confitix of the Thone and Par-
ret, memorable for having afforded
flielter to king Alfred. Here he col-
ledled fome of his retainers ; on which
account he called it iEthelingny, nr
the ifle of Nobles ; and hence he made
frequent fallies upon the Danes.

Athenny^ a borough of Ireland, in tk
county of Galway. Here are the ruins
of a noble raonaftery, part of which was

taken down to »•
racks. It is 13 ti
A then t, or /i//;
the cipital of anc
of Livadia, in Eur
many revolirtion
wreflcd it from tli
It is the fee of an
a largo citadel on
rook. 'I'I.ere an
which teflify its f(
the temple of Th(
bef()re Chrift, is a
pcrfedl ancient e
J'liree fourths of 1
the Greek chur
Turks. Thechiel
lilk, wax, wool, a
near the gulf of Ei
Lon. 23 52 E, lat.

Atherjlon, a to
with a market on
fK^ures of hat.-', li
jiichard ni held
nobles here, the ni
of P.ifworth. ft
Anker, 10 ir " f;
Loiido"-!.

Athlone, a bi.r 1
in the cuiiiity of V
ill Rofconmion.
of tiie .'Shannon, (
bridge that is the
theprovinccsot Lei
Jt fends a me.nber
is 60 m w Dublin.

Athos, or Monte
tain 0!" Greece, in .>
infiilaat theentran(
teffa. It is inhabit
who have feven u
and cultivate olives
m E Salonichi. Lc

3U N.

Atliy, a borough
county of Kildare.
are held alternalel)
of the ancient ca(t
Two miles to the n
of the city of Keb;
on the liaifow, :z
i>w Noas.

Aticri.M, a town
Cnftile, with an un(
among mouiitains, ^
Atlantic, or Ailnl
Tiame from mount I
extends between tl
Africa and Europe,
of America. Its 1
Guinea in Afrira to
«s 2300 m. On cnc
tor it is called th

Kf Wilier
fs thin a
,'C vinc-

ia m.uir
( mantj.
re ; arnJ
are lonj;
cpiantity
nd com-
cow and
it of th';
_'il on an

m from
Vlofcow.

lain, i:o
Tided on
iftilo and
y the At-
jarts, Af.
' de San-
ieftowns.
itains and
ire exccl-
nld, lapi»
t'kleft fori
prince of

ovince of
reat defert
rates Peru
cmarkiiblc
I which it
ihe inland
E Ailca.

Uinx^ftr?.
eminence,

, in Prin-
r Negro,

le Nether-
been often
)ender, i:

pan Tur-
)aft of ths

le.

nd, in thf
ublin.

lerfetiliire,
and Par-
afforded

re he col-
on which

A TL

taken down to n-prt the prefcnt bar-
raclfs. It is 13 m e Galway.

Athcni, or AttKi, a celebrated city,
the oipitai of ancient Attica, but now
of I.ivadia, in European Turkey. After
many revolutions, the Tiirks finally
wrefted it from the Venetians, in i6Sd.
It is the fee of an archbifliop, and has
a large citadel on the fummit erf a lofty
rock. There are magnificent ruins,
which teflify ita former grandeur ; and
the temple of Thefeus, built 4.80 years
bt.fore Chrift, is at this day the mod
pcrfeft ancient edifice in the world,
i'hreo fourths of the inhabitants are of
the Greek church ; the remainder
'J'urks. Thechief articles of trade are
filk, wax, wool, and oil. it is fituate
near the gulf of Engia, 60 ni e Corinth.
Lon. 23 52 E, lat. 37 58 N.

Atherjlon, a town in Warwickfhire,
with a inarUet on Tutidiy, and manu-
fidlures of hat;?', libands, and fhalloons.
Kichard 11 1 held a council with his
nobles here, the night before the battle
of n.ifworth. It is feattd near the
Anker, 10 w. " f, >ventry, and 104 nw
I.ond')!-!.

Ailihne, a b(.r ijrh- of Ireland, p.irMy
in the cuiir.ty of W Miath, and [lartly
ill Rofconmion. Jt (lands on both lidcs
of tiie .'^iinnnon, over which is a long
bridge that is the f;r,T.id T>^h between
theprovincesof Lei'ilterandConnaught.
It fends a meaiber to parliament, and
is 60 m w Dublin. Lon. 7 41 w, lat. 5j

Aihos, or Mo7:t/r Santo, a high moun-
tain of Greece, in Macedonia, on apen-
infiilaat the entrance of the gulf of Con-
teir;;. It is inhabited by Greek monks,
who have fevrn /ortified monafleries,
and cultivate olives and vines. It is 70
m E Salonichi. Lou. 26 ao e, lat. 40

30 N.

At/ii/, a borough of Ireland, in the
county of Kildare, where the afli/.es
are hold alternHtely with Naas. Fart
of ihe ancient cattle is now a prifon.
Two miles to the n'w are fome remains
of the city of Rehan. Athy is feated
on the Harrow, ;3 m s Kildare, and 19
i>w Noas.

Aticri:„a, a town of Spain, in Old
dftile, with an ancient caftle, fituate
among mountains, 34 m ssw Soria.

Atlantic, or Atlantic Ocm/i, takes its
name from mount Atlas in Africa, and
extenc's between the w continents of
Africa and Europe, and the e contiient
of America- Its leaft breadth, .rom
Guinea in Afrira to Brafil in S Air.erica,
is 2300 m. On one fide of the equa-
tor it is called the North Atlantic

A V A

Ocean ; .ind on the other, the South
Atlantic Ocean.

Atlas, a chain of high mountains in
Africa, feparatiup Barbary from Bile-
dulgerid, and cxtendinp upwnrd of
2000 m from the coaft of the Atlantic
to the border t)f i'^gypt. Another ch.ii»,
called the Little Atlas, extends from
the lb-ait of Gibr.altar, to Bona in the
Itite of Algiers. 'I'heae mountains have
different names, according to the vaii-
ous countries they pals tiiroufrh, and
the plains and vallies by wliich they are
intcrfcded. They an* inhabited almoft
in every place, except where the ex-
treme cold will not permit.

Atlij'co, a town of New Sp tin, in Tlaf-
cala, I'eated in an extenfive plain of its
name, 20 m wsw Puebla

Atooi, one of the Sandwich iflands,
in the Pacific orean. It r, 30 in long,
and contains a grtat portion of gently
riling land. On the sw fide is a good
road and anchoiing-piace, called Wy-
moa. Lon. i';9 40 u',l,it. n 57 n.

Atri, a town of Naples, in .Abruzzo
Ultra, on a cragiry mountain, 4 m fr(.)iTi
the gulf of Veiuci',aud 10 >k Teranio.

• ittlcbor'>ugh, a town in iMorfol'K,
with a market on Tucfday, 14 m nk
Thctford and 93 London.

Atth'horon^h, a town of .Mnfnrchuf-its,
in Brirtol county, 32 m .ssf. Bofton.

Atioc/i, a city and fortrefs of Hin-
dooftan, in the province of Lahore. It
ftands on the t bank of the Indus, and
on the file of tlie Taxila of Alexander,
where he croin-d that river, 180 m
WNW Lahore. Lon. 7036 E, lat. 31

2-J N.

Attack, a river which rifes in the
Tartarian mountains, N of Hindooflan,
and paffing by Cabul, flows into the
Indus, nearly oppofite the city of At-
tock.

Attorr, a ftrong town of Hindooflan,
in the ^'arnatic, 60 m n Tritchinopoiy,
and 80 wsw Pondicherry-

Aiui, a large city, formerly the ca.
pital of a kingdom of the fame nami*,
now called Birmah. It is divided into
an upper and lower city ; the lower is
the moft extenfive, about 4 m in cir-
cumference, proteded by a lofty wall,
now mouldering to decay. The ma-
terials of the houfen, confining chiefly
of wood, were removed about the year
1783 to the new city ; and its numtious
temples, on which the Birmans never
lay facrilegiou'! hands, are dihipidatiug
hy time. Clumps of bamboos, a few
plantain trees, and tall thorns, occupy
moll of the area of this lately flourifli-
inji; capit.al. It is fituate on the s iide

1

f

3ii

»(l

.1

I

til''

A V C

of the Irrawaddy, 4 m »w Umm^ra-
poor.i, the pn-ftiit capital.

Avalon, a town ot' Fraiicr, in ihc
cli'paitinint of Yoniif, vvhiv-h has a
great iiade in i:;i"iin wine, and cattle,
and a maniifadme of cloth. It is feat-
I'd oi) the Coulin, 14 m ssii Aiixcrre.

Juh, s town of Gt-rmany, in the
priiicipility of VVnrf/biirg,on the tiver
Goll.icl), 12 m SI- VVurt/biirt;.

Auhf, a di'partnicnt of France, con-
taining part of the latf province «)f
Clianip'ignc. It takes its name from a
river, which pafllng by Bar fur Aiibe
and Arcis joins tlie Siine, above No-
gent. Troyes is the capital.

AuheKas, a town of France, in the
tUparinieiit of Ardcche, with nrianiifac-
turis of woollen cloths and red cotton;
ieattd on the Ardi-phej at the foot of
theOviMines, 15 m nw Viviers.

Aitbenton, a town of France, in the
dep.ntmt nt of Aifie, 14 ni e Vervins.
Aubieres, a lowii of France, in the
department of Puy de Dome, 3 m se
Clermont.

Aubifrny, a town of France, in the
dcp rtment of Cher, with a caftle ;
feattd in a fine plain, on the river Nerre,
13 m V Hoii'ges.

ylub'ni, St. a town of the idand of
Jeifi y, with a fort, flandingon a bay of
the fame name, opening to the s. See
St. Heliir.

Jubonna, a town of SwifTerland, in
the canton of Hern, on a river of its
name, lo m w Lsiifanne.

Auburn, a town in VViltfliire, with a
market on I'ucfJay ; featrd on a branch
of the Kennet, 8 m ne Marlborough,
and 81 w London.

Aubu[foii, a town of France, in the
department of Creufe, with a manufac-
ture of taptftry; fwited on the river
Creiife, ^y m Nt Limoges.

Aufasritre/, the capital of the king-
dom of A del, feated on an eminence
near the river Hawalli. Lon. 44 25 e,
lat. 8 j6 N.

Anc/i, a city of France, capital of the
department of Gers; lately an archie-
pilcopal fee. and the capital of Gaf-
cony. The cathedral is one of the
fintft in France. Here are manufactures
of velvet, ferges, crapes, hats, and lea-
ther. It is ieated on the fummit and
fide of a hill, by the river Gers, 37 m
w Touloufe. Lon. o 35 e, lat. 43 39 N.
Auckland, Hifiop, a town in the
bifiiopric of Durham, with a market on
Thurfda/. It has a beautiful caftle,
and a chapel, whofe architefture is very
curious. Here are manufadtures of
cotton and muflin. It U feated on the

A VR

river Wear, 8 m s by w Durham, and
249 NNW London.

Autle, a department of France, con-
taining part of the late province of Lan-
pucdoc It receives its name from a
river, which rifes in the Pyrenees, and
flowing by (^iilan, Limi-ux, and Car-
cafTone, enters the Mediterranean, near
Narbone. ("arcaflbne is the capital.

yludicrne, a town of France, in thr
department of Finifterre, feated on the
bay of Hifcay, 18 m w Qi)imper.

A-veiro, a town of Portutral, in Beira,
with a good harbor r for veflels of a mo-
derate fize. The chief trade is in fait, of
which great qiiL'ntities are made in itg
vicinity. It Hands on a fmall gulf, at
the mouth of the Vouga, 33 m s ( )porto.
Lon. 8 30 w, lat. 40 40 n.

yiveiroftfA department of France, in-
cluding the late province of iiouergue.
It is named from a river, which rifcs
near Severac le Chateau, and, flowing
by Rodez and Villefranche, joins the
Garonne, below Montauban. The ca-
pital is Rodez.

Amelia, a town of Naples , in Terra di
Lavoro, celebrated for its honey and
apples, 5 m NE Naples.

Avellino, a town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato Ultra. It was almoft ruined
by an earthquake in 1694, and again i;i
1805. Near it is the celebrated convent
of Moiite Virgine, on a wild mounta'n,
which formerly had a fumptuous temple
of Cybele. Avellino is famous for the
die of cloth, alfo for nuts and macaroni.
It is 25 m K Naples.

Avert, a river of Scotland, in BanfT-
fliirc, which iffues from a fmall lake at
the foot of Cairngorm mountain, and
after a rapid courfe of 20 m enters
the Spey on the confines of Elginlhire.

A-venay, a town of France, in the
department of Marne, on the river
Marne, 15 m wnw Chalons fur Marne.

A-venche, a town of SwifTerland, in
the canton of liern, formerly the ca-
pital of Helvetia, but now greatly de-
cayed, grain and tobacco being grown
on the fite of part of the ancient city.
It ftands at the s end of the lake Morat,
15 m w Bern.

Averbach, a town of Upper Saxony,
ill Voigtland, near which is a rock fa-
mous for pale topazes. It is 14 mi
Zwickau.

A-verno, a lake of Naples, in Terra di
Lavoro, near Puzzoli. Homer, Virgil,
and others, have faid the water was fo
bad that birds dropt dead when flying
over it, and hence they call it the lake
of hell ; but it now has no fuch poi-
fonous quality, that the face of nature

f« entirely altered f
lake is now of a c
half a mile in di
menfe depth ; furr
on one fide low, or
not fteep, not muc
vaied all around,
the lake is a cave,
they went forme
Cumaian fybil. Th
walls, which fome
ruins of a temple o
of Pluto.

Aver/a, a town r
di Lavoro. In 180
by an earthquake,
plain, 10 m Nii Nap
^venjjhorough, a
lina, fituate on Ca;
^ Fayettcville, and
A-ves, a fmall ifla
fea,from which a bn
of Avcg, extends tt
m to the NNE.

Aves, or lilrd j
iflandii and rocks m
fo call I'd from the gn
that frequent them.
K Curacao, and 10c
Terra Firma.

AveJhesiH ftrongt
the department of iN
Hefper, 25 m E Cam
Avefiadt, a town c
mania, noted for its <
a mint for copper tr
Wtlteras.

Avezzano, a tov

Abruzzo Ultra, 18 n

Ausher, a borough

rone, near the rl',;r

wswDungannon.

Augila, a territory
to the s of Barca, b'
E^ypt. It abounds ii
otthe inhabitants enu
trade. The capital! ;,
120 m w Sivvah, and
wuk. Lon. 23 40 ri

Augjhurg, a city

imperial, and a bifhc

the capital of a prin-

Bavaria. It is a larg

has a variety of mam

one of the principa

m Germany. The (

houfe, and other pub

magnificent. In the

the Lutherans prefen

lion of faith to empe

1550; hence called

Augfburg. It was tak

'" '703, and again in

wtween the Werdac

BanfT-
akeat

in, and
enters

nlhire.
in the
river

Marne.

and, ill

the ca-
tly de-
grow 11
Mii city.
Morat,

Saxony,
ock fa-
14 nil

Terra dl

Virgil,

I was fo

flying
khe lake
jch poi-

nalurc

A T J G

is entirely altorod (incc their time. The*
lake is now of a circular form, iibout
half a mile in dianit-ter, and of im-
menfe depth ; furroiuukd with i:ri>nnd
on one fide low, on ihr other hit^h, but
not fteep, not much wooded, ;md culti-
vated all around. A little to the w of
the lake is a cave, where Ibme pretend
they went formerly to confult the
Cumzan fybil. There are alio fome old
walls, which fome fnppole to be the
ruins of a temple of Apollo, and others
of IMuto.

Aver/a, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Lavoro. In 1805 it fuffered greatly
by an earthquake. It ii feated in a fine
plain, 10 m Nii Naples.

Averyjlorouf^lh •^ town of N Caro-
lina, fituate on Cape Fear river, aj in
N Fayettcville, and 30 sw Raltgli.

Avesy a fmall ifliind in the Caribbean
fea, from which a bank, called the Bank
of Avee, extends to St. Eudatia, 140

m to the NNE.

Avcs, or Bird Ijlands, a clutter of
illandj and rocks in the Caribbean fea,
focall'd from the great number of birds
that frequent them. They are 70 m
K Curacao, and 100 n of the coaft of
Terra Firma.

Avejhes, a ftrong town of Fr;'.ncc, in
the department of Nord, feated on the
Hefper, 25 m e Cambray.

AvfJIadt, a town of Sweden, in Weft-
mania, noted for its copper works, and
a mint for copper money, 35 m nnw
We ft eras.

Avezzcoioy a town of Naples, in
Abruzzo Ultra, 18 m s Aquila.

Au^her, a borough of Ireland, in Ty-
rone, near the ri'.;r Blackwater, 17 m
wsw Dungannon.

Augila, a territory of Zahara, lying
to the s of Barca, b "ivveen Fez/.an and
Egypt. It abounds in dates ; and many
01' the inhabitants engage in thecamvan
trade. The capital is of the fame name,
J20 m w Siwah, and 540 e by n Mour-
zouk. Lon. 23 40 ri.lat. 29 33 n.

Augjhurg, a city of Suabia, lately
imperial, and a bifliop's fee, but now
the capital of a principality fubjedl to
Bavaria. It is a large fortified place,
has a variety of manufactures, and is
one of the principal trading towns
in Germany. The cathedral, town-
houfe, and other public buildings, are
magnificent. In the bifhop's p;ilace,
the Lutherans prefented their confef-
fion of faith to emperor Charles v in
1550; hence called the confeflion of
Auglburg. It was taken by the French
in 1703, and again in 1796- It is feated
between the Werdach and Lech, ^o

AVI

m Nw Munich. I.on. 10 53 e, lat. 45
17 N.

Augtijiiiy or Ago/la, a foaport of Sicily,
in V.il <li Nolo, with a fine harbour,
defendeil by a eitaJel aid fortn. The
town, rebuilt liiice the earthquake in
169J, covers a low ptiiinfuia, joined to
Sicily on the s by a long c.iMievvay.
The piinei[)il nrtiele of export is filt.
It is so m S8E Catania. Lon. 15 25 e,
lat 37 13 N.

Atip,ujla, a town and fort of the ftatc
of Georgia, in Riclunoiul C')unty, late-
ly the capital of the ftatc. li lias the
advantajiC of a central fittiation be-
tween the uppfT and lower countries ;
and is Hated in a fine pl.iin, on the right
bank of the '^avanna, 52 in kk I.ouif-
ville, and 127 xNW Savanna. Lon. 80
46 v., lat. A2 '0 N-

AiLgujIin, St. \.\\c chi(>f town of E
Fioiida, fituate !it the foot of.i Jiill, on
the K co:ift, which is to) (hillow to be
approached by vtU'els that draw more
than twelve feet water. It is furround-
ed by a wall, and has a llroiig caltlc
Lon. 81 4:)W, lat. 29 58 n.

Augiijthi, St. a port and river on the
SK coaft of Labrador, and the gulf of
St. Lawrence. In the harbour arc two
fmall illaiids. Lon. 5b 58 w, lat. 51
14 N.

Augttjh'!, St. a cape on the coaft of
Rrafii, 300 in nf. ot the bay of AllSaints.
Lon. 35 4-5 vv, lat. H 30 ^.

Angitjhw^a. town of Poland, in Pola-
chia, feated on the Narieu, 44 m w
liiellk.

Augujhu, I'ort, a fortrefs of Scotland,
in Invernefslhire, at the sw cxtremitT
of Loch Nefs, on a peninfula formed
by the Tarf and Oieh, over the laft of
which is a britlge. It is a regular for-
tification, 30 m nnp: Fort William, and
34 sw Invernefs.

Augujhijbiirg ; fee Scliellenherg.
Aviano, a town of Italy, in Fnuli, «J
m w Udina.

Aiugliaiio, a fortified town of Pied-
mont, on a hill, near the Cottian Alps,
10 m w Turin.

Av'rj;,'ion, acityof France, capit d of
the department of VaucUife, and a
biftiop's fee. U was lately dependent
on the pope, and an archbilluip's fee.
It has a univerfity, feveral hatidfomt*
churches, and a fynagogue ; and is feat-
ed on the Ilhone, 2o m enk Nifmes.
Lon. 4 4t) E, lat- 43 57 n.

Ainla, a city of Spain, in Old Caf-
tile, and a bilhop's fee, with a univer-
fity. Here is a manufafturr of cotton
cloth, begun in 1789 by two Engli(h-
mcn. It is feated on the Adaga, in a

m

pr^v'1

i!.W^

h ■'

\^.

r < I. I , i>

-\

Iff

I

5: *8

! I

d'

■■i:

ALU

large plain, fiinoiniclfd by monntnins
covtTi d with frnit-trec'H and vmty.ir-Js,
.<i6 P' Nw M.idrid. Lon. 4 55 w, lal.

Ji'i/n, a town of Spain, in Artiinas,
ncir the bayof Hifcay, 16 in n Ovitdo.

//•v/.f, a town of Portujrai, in Alcn-
tejo, ft'atcd on an tmincncc, with a
cnftle, near the rivor Avis. IIciicc the
military order of the knij^hts of Avis
have their name. It is 25 m nw lilbe.

.TIOS.

Ai)ifo, a town of Naples, in Terra di
J.aioro, 6 m K Sora.

ytulciidorf, a town of Suahia, rifii;it<,'
on the river Schus, 8 m n Ravctinnir};.

Aulnai/, a town of France, in the
department of Calvados, 14 m ''vv
Caen.

Aumalf ; fee Albemarle.

jiuinont, a town of Franco, in the
department of Lozere, 15 ni nw
Mende.

Attmore, a town of Iliruloortan, in
Bengal, 30 m s RajemaJ, and 46 nnw
jMoorfnedahad.

Aiinii, lately a fmall territory of
France, in the sw part of Poiton, and
now forming part of the department of
Lower Charentc.

A-voJi, a river that rifes in Wilt-
(hire, flows by Salifbnry, coafts the
tdge of the New Forefi:, and enters the
Englilh channel i\t (hriflchurch bay.

Avon, a river that rifes in I^eiceller-
fnire, Rows by Warwick and Evediam,
and enters tiie Severn at Tewkelbury.

Avon, Loivcr, a river that rifes in
Wiltfliic, flows w to Bath, wlicre it
become? nav'gable, conti:,. • its
courfe 1 1 Bviltol, lod enters tJK- 2Jr (tol
channel.

Auraclu a fortified town of Suahia, in
the duchy of VViittmberg, featcd at
the foot of a mountain, on the rivulet
Ermlt, 15 m E Tubingen.

Avranches, a town of France, in the
department of Manche, lately the fee
of a bifliop ; feated on a mountain,
near the mouth of the See, 23 m s
Coutanr.es, and r6o w Paris.

Auras, a town of Silefia, on the river
Oder. 13 m nw Brefl.ui.

Aurey, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Morbihiin, on a river of
its name, near the entrance into the gulf
of iN'iorbihan, ft m w ,)m es.

Aur'tch, a to .n of Weftphalia, in E
r,:ienand, feated in i plain, furroimded
by fort ft^, ism ne Emden.

' Aur'iUac, a town o^ France, in the
cl partment of C'anta!, with lace and
velvet mantifadures ; feated on the
Jcrdanne, 30 m sw f^t- Firur.

A US

Auriol,A tcv^i. of I'rince, n thr iJc*
partment or Motith.s ot tlu lihono, is
m SK Aix, ar!cl .7, vv, \? ,r''il!es.

Afiroui, an ifl'ni, on.' 01 th(. Wwr
Hebrides, in the P-.cirlc orr 1 ;. It ia
S^' m long and 6 broad a;T"ur Js plenty
of uond and watc.,;'n'! hi. a fnall Ijay
on the aw coaft. Lon. 11^8 18 e, ht.
15 S 5.

Aiiru>i^nbiuli a confiderable city of
Hmdooftat), capital of Dowlntabad. It
owe? the crreatcfl: part of its magni^
ficct^cc to the great Aurung/.e*c, who
relided htre. and gave it tht; prcfent
name. It (lands in a fertile pi .in, almoft
furrounded by mountains, i (o m s by
w Bin-hanpour, and 250 t-iu Sural.
I.on. 76 2 E,lat. 19 45 N.

Aiirun:;ahu»der, a town of Ilindoo-
flan, in the province of Tatta, on a
branch of the Indus, to which it gives
name, 4 t m s by w Tatta.

Aufpitz, a town of Moravia, 20 m bSE
Bruiin.

AnfTif^f a town of Bohemia, feated on
the Elbe, ii m nnw I.eutmeritz.

Aujl, a village in Gloucefterniirc, la
m N Briftol, noted for its ancient ferry
over the Severn.

Anjkr/itz, or .S7.(." fo<u', a town of
Moravia, near which in i8oi;, a great
vi(5tory was obtained by the French
over the Auftriaus and Rufllans. It is
12 m K Bnmn, and 30 s^w Olmut/,.

Allele, St. a (own of Cornwall, wilii
a market on Fric'.;iy. The principnl
manufadnrr is woollen cloth, but its
trade in various brarckes is conlidera-
ble. In the environs is got fine clay,
which is fcnt to Liverpool, Briftol, and
Staflbrdlhire for the potte.ies. It in
feated near the Knglifh channel, 13
m KNE Truro, and 245 w by s Londori.

Ajjiralajin, a name applied by fome
geographers to thofe iflands that lies
of the continent of Afia ; as New Hol-
land, New Guinea, New Britain, New
Ireland, New Caledonia, New Zealand,
and tliot'c of Solomon, Arroo, New
Hebrides, c\'C.

Aujlria, a circle of Germany, bound-
ed on the E by Hungary, .'^ by Italy
and Cr(iatia. w by '^wiflc.'rland, and x
by Suabia, Bavaria, BMhcmia, and Mo-
ravia. It contains the archduchy of
Auftria, the duchies of Stiria, ('arinthia,
and Carniota, ttie eou' ty of Tyro!,
and the principali';ies of Brixen and
J rent.

Anjiria, an a.ciuUichy of Germany,
in tilt- circli of ihef-ime name. eoi>tar-
inii 6.3-,ooo fquare .ores. Thi riwr
Fns dividis it into Upper and Lov'er;
Vienna is the capital of the Lower, and

1 infz of the \J^)

'■■rn'if^iiitelii

< " f)nr which tl

«trts and fcitnccs,

is no country \nQ

trs ,ire mor*- co

Aiiltria excels all

many in the fert

uine, and fruit, i

1.1 "ron is l)etter

Indies. The pri

Din u he. Ens, In

In 1804, Francis

many, renounced

manner, ereded hi

an hereditary emp

emperor of Aufli

houfe belong; Ai

j'arinthia, CarnioU

Hungary, 'Franfyli

under the name o

Croatia, iMorlacIi

^ervia, and p.ut

metropolis of the c

Autun, a city of F

I'e, in the departi

I>uire. It contain

Roman magnificeni

temples of Janus ,

are manufactures o

coverlets, and delf

dral, the college, ar

wortiiy of notice.

tile Arroux, at the f

tains, 45 m E by a

i'aiis. Lon. 4 ,8 k,

Auver^rie, a late ]

100 m long and 79 |

the N by BourbonnJ

Velay, s by Roncrj

andwbyLimoliu, nl

^t now forms thl

Cantal and Puy de J

Auvtllard, a towil

department of LotI

the river Garonne, rl

Aiixere, a city f)f I

tlie department of ^J

i'lfliop's fee. It oorl

fains and fquares, 1

palace is deemed onl

titul in France. It jl

ofahill, by the river!

^'jon, and 90 sse pi

'^'•47-48 N. I

Auxon, a town M

oepartmentof Aubel

Auxonnc, a t.)n'n I

n^partn- ot of c6te m

an;'iienP!, atjundryi

Witcifor r;ir .n-tillctl

the.vione, -.rm e DiB

AuA.;., or Tigre, a ■

ly, bound-
^ by Italy

nd, an'l -■*
., and Mo-_
b duchy of
( arinUiia,
of Tyrol,
lixen and

Germany, |

Till river]
nd Lover;
Lower, ami I

A UZ

1 hitz oF the Upper. Tlu: ,ii lajitantK
.. polit , iiifi'lliyciit, and )(.Ty ; fond of
h'nionr which thoy ilrive to j^aiii by tht;
^rts and fci(.nces,or by arms ; and there
isnocouiitry iriG^rmnny whi'rc > >reii,'n
trs .ire morp coiittcouP'' cntcrtVinei.!.
Aiiftria cxoi-ls alltht; provincfs of GtT-
inany in tht? fertility of its foil : corn,
wine, and fruit, arc plentiful •, and the
f.i'iVon is bettor than thit of the E
Indies. Tlie principal rivers arc the
Dantihe, Ens, Inn, Drive, and Save.
In 1804, Francis 11, emperor of Ger-
many, renciinced that title in a formal
manner, ercdted his own dominions into
an hereditary empire, and was crowned
emperor of Aiiftria. To this angiift
houfe beloii;^ Andria Proper, Sliria,
Carinthia, Carnioia, Bohemia, .Moravia,
Hungary, 'IVanfylvaiiia. part of Poland
under the name of Galicia, Sclavouia,
Croatia, Morlachia, Bofnia, part of
Servi.'i, and part of Wal.irhia. The
metropolis of the empire is Vienna.

Autun, a city of France, and a bifl.op's
fee, in the department of Saonc and
Loire. It contains many veftipes of
Roman magnificence, particularly the
temples of Janus and Cybele. Here
are manufactures of tapeftry, carpets,
coverlets, and delf ware. The cathe-
dral, the college, and the feminary, arc
worthy of notice. Autun is fcated on
tiie Arroux, at the foot of three moun-
tains, 45 m E by .s Nevers, and i6j se
Paris. Lon. 4 18 e, lat. .^6 57 .v.

Auver,'^ne, a late provinte of Fnince,
100 m long and 75 broad ; bounded on
the N by Pouibonnois, k by Forez and
Velay, s by Rouergue and Cevennes,
and w by Limolin, Querci, and Marchc.
It now forms the departments of
Cantal and Puy de Dome.

AwvlUard, a town of Fr.ince, In the
department of Lot and Garonne, on
the river Garonne, 13 m SEAgcn-

Auxere, a city of Franco, capital of
the dt-partment of Yonne, and lately a
bidiop's fee. It contains many foun-
tains and fquarcs, and the cpifcopal
palace is deemed one of the moft beau-
tiful in France. It is feated on the fide
of a hill, by the river Yonne, 75 m WNW
Dijon, and 90 sse Paris. Lon. 3 34 e,
lat. 4748 N.

Auxon, a town of France, in the
department of Aube, 13 ms Troycs.

Auxonnc, a t.jn'n of France, in the
departn- nx. of Cote d"Or, with acaftle,
an ;''.;(;n3!; a t>undry for cannon, and a
fchc! for I'^e artillery. It is fcated on
the .vaone, 17 m e Dijon.
Au4a).., or Tigre, a town of AbylTinia,

A X IT

capital of the province of Ti'^ro, and a
pl.icc of conliderabli- commerce. It \*
fcated on a river that Hows into the
Tac37,/,e, T70 n r' 1. C/on'' t. Ion. 39
33 E, lat. 14 4 N.

.i'luutlkn yj<;//, a harbour on the sr
coaft of Kamf.fchaika, the fiftit and
moft extonfive yel difcovcred, in thofo
parts, that can admit vcflll.s ot" con-
iiderable burden. It has r* town called
St.Petcr and Paul.

A<ive, [.ocli, a lake of Scotland, in
Argylelhire, 30 in long, and in fome
parts above abroad. It contains four
little iflands, tufted with treci", on one
of which is the ruin of an ancient
caftle ; and on a peninful.i of tlic lake
is the noble ruin of Kilchura caflie. At
the N extremity riles the mountain
Cru:ichan, elevated 3390 fe<>t above th-?
furface of the lake ; and near its top is
the fpring which fo/nis this beautiful
expanfe of water. The river Awe. the
outlet of this lake? runs into Loch
Juive, at the village of Bunawe.

A-^veri, or(>ve)o,!i kingtloin of Africa,
dependant on Benin, with a town of
the fame name, on the river Formofa.
Lon. 5 10 E, lat. 6 lo n.

Aivlen; a town of Sunbia, on the river
Cochen, 20 mvvsw Oeting.

Axbriilj^c, A town in Someifelfhire,
governed by a mayor, with a market on
Tluirfday ; ftated on tlie rivtr .•\x, un-
der the Mcndip hills, 10 m nw Wells,
and 130 vv London.

Axel, a town of the Netherlands, in
Flanders, feated in a moiafs, 10 m n
Ghetit.

Axhn, a territory of Guinea, on the
Gold coad, with a river of the fame
name flowing through it, and a town
on the E fide, at its entrance into the
oce.in. The country is fertile and well
cultivated, producing p dm oil, cocoas,
oranges, pineapples, y.iins, water-me-
lons, and a prodigious quantity of rice.
Tho; Dtitch have a fort and a fadory
here, called St. Anthony. Lon. 13 \v,
lat. 4 4: V.

Ax>ninliery a town in Devonfliire,
on the river Ax, with a market on Sa-
turday. King Athelftan eftabliflied a
minfter here to the memory of the
princes flain in his army, when he de-
feated the Danes in this neighbour-
hood. Here is a manufacture of leather
gloves, &c. and a famous one of car-
pets. It is 27 m E by N Exeter, and
147 w London.

ylxum, a town, anciently the capital,
of Abyflinia. Its ruins are very exten-
fivc, a.TJong which ate many obclifks of

^\

,|;.;;

'^^

AYR

jrranltr, with fculptiire.'', but no hi«ro-
plyphics. It is 70 m NW Auzcn. Lon.
38 4 I-;, lat. 14 10 N.

Jt/nnio)ite, a fortified fc-aport of Spain,
in Aiulaluli;i, with a c;iftlf 011 a lock,
at ilie moiitli of the Giiadi.uu, oppo-
fitp Caftio Marim, 80 m NW Cadiz.
Lon. 7 15 w, lat. '!7 u N.

Aijlijlury, A l)oroii>.'h and the Inrgfft
town in Biickingh.imdiiiT, with 11 mar-
ket on Saturday Thf fpriin; adi/t-s arc
held here, and it is the criiire of the
hufincfs of the fertile v;iic of Ayh fbnry.
Many people here derive their fupport
from a peculiar manner of rearii g early
«lufl{8 for »iie London market ; aiul the
making of lace it carried on to a great
cxttiit. The number of inha!)itant9
was 3 1 06 in 1801, and ,544; in itiii.
It is 17 m SR Buckingham, and 38 nw
London. Lon. o 50 w, lat. 'jt 4* v.

Aylejhaw, a town in Norfolk, with
,T market on Thurfday, 1 1 ni n Nor-
wich, and 118 NK London.

Aynioulht a town of Scotland, in
Bei wicUhire, 6 m n Berwick, and once
fortified to curb the garrifon of that
town.

Ayr, a river of Scotland, wliich rifes
in the k part of Ayrfliire, receives the
Greenock and G.irptl in its coutfe
acrofs the county, and enters the frith
jf Clyde, at th«; town of Ayr.

Aijr, a borough of Seotland, in Ayr-
fhire, fitnatc on a fandy plain, on the
;« lidc of the J-.uiilh of the ri -rr Ayr,
over uhii'h is a bridge to Newtown. Jts
chief innle is in cnal, and the filliery
forfalm' 11, and all kinds of wiiite filh :
ithasauoHn extenlivc mannfadnre of
leather and fi)ap. Two lijihthonfes at.-
erevflcd to conduct veirels into the har-
bour, which is often inv-omnioded with
farid. liere are the rnins i^'t a Doini-
nica'.i monaReiy. Ayr is the birthplace
of th'.' poet Robrrt Hums The nuin-
ber ol' inh.ibitanls w.is 5,49:, in iKoi,
snd r,-'i;i in j8ii. It is ydmswLdin-
burp. Lon. 4 3.5 K, lat. 55 :8 n.

yij-r/hin, a county of Scotland,
boun.'vd ■■■;. the w by the IriHi channel
nnd the fri;!) of Clyde, n by Kenfrew-
fhi-e, E by the counties of l-aneik,
Dumfries, and Kirkcudbright, and .s by
Wigt.:iihfre. li exhibits the (hape of
two Wiitgs, extending to tiie nw and
«w, and tormiHi? a vaft hny at the mouth
of the frth of Clyde, between its ex-
treme points it is 5(1 m and the greateft
breadth is :6. It is divided into 43
parifhes, which contained 84,306 in-
habitants in i8oi,and 103,934 in 181 1.
The sw angle, though mountainous, is

A Z O

rich in pafture ; but »he grcafiT p irt of*
the WW is a fine h vel country If ii
inti'rf.'i.'b.(l by the Ayr, Irvim , Oiivan,
Siinch.ir, and fi vera! other rivrri-, which
alxnind with f.ilmon. Ft h i» ii cxhinffi-
i)le frams of coal, alfo freertone, iime-
flone, iron, lead, atui copper ; and a
great quantity of fea wecii iii thrown
aOiore, from which abundance of kelp
is madi'.

'■hijhwn, .1 town of New Jeif«.y, in
Unrlingti'ii county, on the middle
branch of Ancicus cieck, 13 m sw
Burlington.

Aj/jir(irtb, a village in N Yorkfliire,
fetttil on the Lnn-, 4 m K Afkrig.
Here ii a grand pitMurefipie waterfall,
c.dled Ayff;arth Force ; and a bridge of
one aich, 7a I'eet in the fpan, over-
grown with ivy.

Ai/tof/, a vill.ige in N Yorkfhire, 5 m
.sw Scarborougli. It i« felted on the
Derwent. and has a confiderable forge
for iron ware.

Aramor, a town of Morocco, on the
river Moibey.i, near tlie fea, 80 m n
Morocco.

AztircJr,, a fenport of Hralil, in th**
bay of Spirito Santo, celebiated fur
fugar. Lon. ir, 10 w, bit. jo 18 s.
/li.fi>! ; A.'e .'-Uam-
Jzof\ fee A/npli.

Azores, or It tjicrn Jjlands, a group
of iflands in the Atlantic, between 25
and 30 w lon. and .^7 and 4-) N lat.
cjoo m w of J'ortugal. They are nine
in number, n.imely, St. M.iria, "^t. Mi-
chael, 'I'ercera, St. Georgi-, Giaciofa,
Fayal, Pico, Flores, and Cor-o. 'Ihfy
were difcovered in i4,.i(h by John Nan-
derberg a merchant or Brngca, who, in
a voyage to Liflion, was driven to them
by ftrcfs of weather. On bis ai rival
at Lifbon, he hoallcd of his difeovery ;
on which the Portuguefc fcL fail, took
polRllion of the iflands and called
them the Azores, from tfie number of
hawks found among them. Their
rugged precipices and mountains, many
of whofe fumrnits arc conical, exhibit
indications of the vioh-nt convulliuns
by which, at feveral dill.HUt periods,
they have been agitated. They enjoy
a great portion of ele.ir and ferenc
weather, and the climate is highly
favorable to human health The foil i»
in general fertile, abounding in corn,
gr.ipcs, oranges, lemons, and other
fruits, and feeding m.^ny cattle and
fbeep. The woods and iiigh bmU pre-
lent a nuiltitude of biids of difi'erent
defcriptions. No poifout)U8 animal, it
is faid, is to '.■ found in i.he Azores.

The ^overnnr-i
in 1 ercera ; b
'•■irgefl inarid.
^Izua, a town

'':'•' a trade U\ tn

»'.tJCi ind fugar.

"fa river, in th.

»v St. Domingj,

16 .V.

. f^'ibit, a tou-n (

•" fi'dgaria, c^-Ie

aiid fword blade,s

<^f Its name, in t

'^' Sili/hia. Lon.

'^"'^''/uianJcl, a

coall of Aby/nnf.i

ine Red fea with t/

contains a fmall ifl;

*'r tile fame name.

J2 50 N.

liah-vhauft-n, a t
;"•• ^'"fliy of Wirtt
bingen.

iiohuynnes, a cbil
imall inands in the T
"1 f^, of the ine of L

produce is wax, ebon

and plantains.
Jiaca, or //«,^«, ^

Oranad.t, 15 m nk C
Jnuano, a town o

tnmony of St. Pete
tie fame name, zo m
iiac/i, or Jiat/ui, a
formerly tf.e n,e of
n''ir the Danube, J
clien, and 8,5 s liudal

iiacharach, a townf
[Itpartment of Rhhu '
7 ot Germany, in th.
"'7- It i. fa,„oul

Jandsatthefootof
tf^e Rhine, ,4 „ s by

J!^'hef<:rai, or liak
or Kufiia, m the nroJ
once the refidence of
of Crimea. The pal;

c'es of painted Chincll
"t"e, and was viiitecjl
Jjie other buildings

f''^'l by the deft
" J;'S rnjnufaaure.s „i|
^''^''^^ felt, carpet f
^jarth.s place, !,,/;
fort called the ].l\

IJ a colony of Kar.Vtl
'"^ulctlvatza, ijjrns.s;

■f^

n AC

Tlir govcrnor-ptncral n-ridcs at Angra,
in Ttrci'ra ; but St. Michael in the
l.irtjffl iflarid.

/Izua, ii town of St. Domingo, .A\kh
lias .1 trade in mahogany, fiil\ic, lignum
titx, md fiigar. It (Inndti at the mouth
t)t' a rivir. in the hty of Nt yba. 6j m
vv St. Domingj. Lon. 71 6 w, lat. 18

16 N.

B.

Babit, a town of European Turkey,
in Bulgaria, crlebratnl (or its knives
ami ("word blades. It (lands on a gulf
of its name, in the lilacU \\\\, 90 m
M Sililbia. Lon. 2H ]H k, lal 44 40 n.

Bnhfl)H<i)ulcl, a ftlait bi'tvvetMi the
coall of Abyfrini.t and Arabia, uniting
th« Red foa with th<> Indian ocean. It
contains a fmall ifland and a mountain
(if tlie fame name. I. on. 43 50 k, lat.

12 ,50 N.

liabcnhatifen, a town of Suabia, in
tlie ducliy of Wirtemburg, 5 m n Tu-
bingen.

liahut/anes, a clnfttr of fix or fcven
fmall illands in the N Pacific ocean, ^6
m N of the ifie of Luconia. The chief
produce is wax, ebony, bananas, cocoas,
and plantains.

liacay or liaza, a town of Spain, in
Granada, 15 m nk Guadix.

Bacanot a town of Italy, in the pa-
trimony of St. Peter, near a river of
the iame name, ao m ww Rome-
liar/;, or JhU/ia, a town of Hungary,
formerly the fee of a biflinp, feated
near the Danube, 30 m ene Tuufkir-
chen, and 8.5 s liuda.

Bacliaracli, a town of France, in the
department of Rhine and Mofi.l!e, late-
ly of Germany, in the palatinate of the
Ubine. It is famous for wine, and
(lands at the foot of a mountain, near
tiie Rhine, ^4 m s by k Coblentz.

Bacheferaiy or Jiaktchefirai, a town

of Riifiia, in the province of Taurida,

once the refidence of the Tartar chans

of Crimea. The palace, a curious fpe-

cies of painted Chinefe ftrutflure, is ftiil

entire, and was vilited by Catharine n.

The other buildings have an oriental

appearance, but many of them have

fulikred by the deftrut'tive RufTiaiis.

It h;is manufadturen of red and yellow

Ifather, felt, carpets, and hardware.

NVar this place, on a high rock, is an

j old fort called the Jews Citadel, having

jbeen from time immemorial inhabited

l>y a colony of Karaite Jews. Hache-

Iferai is feated in a deep valley, on the

fivulct Kaiza, 18 m ssw Synapheiu^'ol.

BAD

linchian, an illaud, the larged and
mod foutliern of the proper Moluccas.
Ir is 70 m in circumference, and the
Intel ior lifes into woody hilN. It it
governed by a fultan, who is alfo fovc-
reigii of C)^iby and Dtram. Lon. 1*7

O K, l.ll. o Z$ S.

liaclnuut, il town of RuffM, in the
government of C'atharinenllaf, ancientif
a fortrefs againft ihcTart;iid Mere ar«
two fprings, from which .1 grcitipi mtity
of flit i;. ni:ide and exported. It tlandi
on a river t)f the fame lumic, 1 20 \\\ fc by
s Cathirincnflaf.

J'aila'oz, a city of Spain, capital of
I''.ftrei!i,'.(lma, and .1 bilhop'-. fee. It is
famoiM for a brli!;^e built by the Ro-.
man,<« over the Guadiana; and on it
tin- Poituguefe were ilefeated by don
Jo!in cf Alturiin, in 1661. Batlajo/. \%
a frontier town toward Portugal, and
well foitified. It furrendered to t!>e
r'lCiich in iHm, and was t.'.lceii from
th.-m by the I'ritiih and Porluguefe in
181 2. It is 14 m K Elvas, a' id 175 s by
v\ Madrid. Lon 6 40 \^'. 'at. _^8 4/; n.

l'a//iii/ian, a city of Ufijec Tartary,
capital of the province oi Kilan. (/old,
filver, and rubies are found in its vici-
nity ; and caravans pafs by this city tp
Cabul and China, li is feated on the
Harrat, or Amu, in a branch of the
l^elur mountains, 3:0 m i; Ualk. Lon.
70 35 t, lat. 36 35 N.

liadhiin/, a village in Ddrfetfiiirc, on
a conhderable eminence, 4 m s " Win-
born. It was a fummcr llatiou of the
Romans, and many of their coins, urns,
&c. have been found. Here is alfo a
Sixon camp, which coniiits of three
oblong ramparts.

liadelona, a towr of Spain, in Cata-
lonia, feated on the Mediterranean, 10
m NH Barcelona.

linden, a principality of Suabi.i,
boiiiHled on the n by the late palatinaie
of the Rhine and hilliopric of Spire, a
by the duchy of Wirteni'urg and prin-
cipality of Furfteiiberg, -■' l:y Bril'gau,
and w by the Khine. It is divided into
Upper and Lower Haden. frcqtiently
called Eaden-Biticn and Baden-Dur-
lach, from the chief towns.

Ihdcit, a town of Suubia, ciinitalof
Upper Haden, with a caflie. on the top
of a bill, where t!ie prince often relides.
It is remarkab'e for its hot baths, and
is feated on the Oelhach, near the
Rhine, ^o m w Stutgard. Lon. 8 22 u«
lat. 48 48 N.

Baden, a town of SwifiVrland, in

Argau, capital of a county of the fame

name. Near il are fome warm batbSy

mentioned by the ancients under the

E

1^

^ '?.

W

I- ^

'■ i '

'i'i-

I

m

i

.. L

i'l

i'l

if

'*.(
%

n A (»

»iam«8 of Aquie and TItrrr.iae Hclre-
ticai. In 1 7 14. '1 treaty w.i * coriclucled
here bctwci-n Gcim.my at d Spain. It
U ftMtcd on the l.immit, 10 m nw
Zurich. Lon. H a» k, '.U. 47 16 n.

//<///, >/, .1 town of A'iftri.i, fnnious for
its nnmcrourt hot intns; ftMtfd on the
•Siiechat, 15 n\ siw Vieiin:«.

liaJennvtiler, a (own of Snabia, in
Brifi,'.m. much ficqiicnfrd for its hot
h.itfin , icalfd ne.r the Rhine, 10 m saw
Friburp;.

Jiad^itivorth, T villape in Glouceftrr-
fliirc, 7 m ^ K Glouci-ftfr. Hrrc i« a
mineral fpri.ig CAlled C<.! I Pool, twarly
tkc fame i i quality is th.it of Cln^lten-
ham-

Iia,zi. a town of Spain, in Andalufia,
with ;• univcrlity, fcatcd on the (Jua-
dalqnvcr, 15 m nr Jaen.

B ijf'a, a town of ( yprns, with a fort.
ft •'.'« the ancirnt Paphos of which con-
(i.ler,i!)le ruins remain, parlicularly fomc
Vokcn coliimns, which probably be-
lunged to the tt-mple of Venus. The
vicinity abounds in minerals, among
which are a beautiful variety of cryftal-
lized (luartz, called Bafia diamonds.
Amianthus of a very fnpeiior quality,
at flexible as fdk, and pcrfc'Uy white,
18 alfo found here. Baffa ftands on the
w coaftofihcilbnd, 70m wsw Nicolia.
Lon. ji 28 K, lat. 34 58*N.

liajjin Kni/, a large bay, to the N of
Hudlon bay, faid to have been difco-
?ered in i66i by Hafiin, an Engliflinian,
who here attempted to find a nw paf-
fage to the South fia. Recent naviga-
tors doubt its exiftence.

Baijdrul, a city of Afiatic Turkey,
capital of Irak Arabi, with a caftle.
The walls are 5 m in circuit, and flank-
ed with numerous round towers, Ibme
of which are of an immenfe fize. It
was the capital of the Saracen empire,
till taken by the Turks in the ijih cen-
tury ; (ince which it has been often
taken by the Turks and Perfians, the
laft time by the Turks in 1638. It ftill
continues to be a place of confiderable
refort for all the commodities of Nato.
lia, Syria, Perfia, and India ; but has
» lo(t much of its ancient fplendor, and is
not fo opulent as when in the pofllfTion
of the Perfians. The inhabitants are
fuppofed not to exceed 40,000. The
chief manufaiftures are red and yellow
leather, and filk and cotton fluffs. Six
m to the s w is a very ancient ftruiflure,
190 feet in height and 100 in diameter,
sailed the Tower of Babel by Euro-
peans. Bagdad is featcd on the Tigris,
370 m NW BafTora. Lon. 44 34 E, lat.

^^ so N.

n A FI

Fl.i^/ifrml, the capital of a coutitry of
the f.ime name, in the empire of Bor-
nou. It is 180 m hsk Bornou. I,on.
»4 10 *, lat. 17 40 N.

lUii(!fitt/t, a ciuintry of the Deccan of
Hiiid«)o(tan, bounded on the n by Ou-
zerat. k by ( andeilh .ind Dowlatabad,
» by Vifiapour, and w by the ocean. It
is ixcecdinKly mountainous, but fertile
ill many plices.

Raffnaliira, a town of European Tur-
key, in Hofnia, t,^ m nw Sprai.

h'aifnara, a feaportofNapI«'«, in Cala-
bria UKra. Here ar«' fcveral high water-
falls ; and anM)ng the rocks are the ruing
of the former town, in which 1017 per-
fona perifhed by an catthquake in 178.^.
It ftandu near the (trait of MffTina, 15 m
NNKRegio. l-on. if> H K.lal.^S 15 n.
Hnirnarfnt a town of Italy, in the
patrimony of St. Peter, 5 m .t Orvicto.
Baxnerfj, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Pyrenees, famous
for its baths and mineral waten ; ilat-
ed on the river Adoiir, 10 in s Tarbes.
Baj^nolst a town of France, in the
departm<nt of Gard, near tlie river
Cefe, 8 m s Pont St, Efprit

Bafrjiot, a village in Suiry, 12 m N
by E Fanihain. Here our monarcHs
had formerly a houri? and park, which
was laid open after the civil wars. It
is fiirronnded by an extenfive heath,
chiefly barren, but on its borders are a
great number of handfomc feats.

lin/iama, or Lucai/o Iilands, in the
Atlantic ocean, extending alonjr the
coall of Florida to Cuba, on two fand-
banks, called the Little and Great Bank
of Bahama; the former lying n of the
latter. They are near 5:0 in number,
Ibme of them mere rocks, but 12 of
them large and fertile. Few of them
are inhabited, and they are fuhjeift to
the Englllh. The iflands which give
name to the whole are Bahama and
Lucayo, both of them on the s part of
the Little bank, which is feparated from
the Great bank by a palFage called Pro-
vidence Channel. Thepaflage between
the two banks and the continent Is call-
ed the New Channel of Bahama, or
Gulf of Florida ; and the p^ffi^e be-
tween the Great bank and Cuba, the
Old Channel of Bahama. One of thefe
iflands was the firft land of the new
world defcried by Columbus, in 1492,
on which lur landed, and called it Sail
Salvador. The Bahanns were nut
known to the Englifli till 1667, when
captain Seyle being driven amv.iig them
in his pafTage to Carolina, jjave his
name to one of them ; and afterward,
being a fecund time driven upon it, call'

<;'' it Proviifoncc
"iH'e ahimdam.,.

•I"'intify of dying
"'"n vita.. .„„| „

artieliK eiiltiv,it«.i

foitor, mill com',?.

IJo/i,imn, one ,

anhMUii iflandi, |

«he Lutic Mahama

»rom IhcgiilrotF

Abac., It i.,„„,„

huti,.,,li/T],.„l( ot ;

hited, ail. I (1,^ vv r,

t'it'coa/t,.fFJorij.,

ii"/u,r, a (.o„nt
'')'<ii<led on ,hc w
Oud,-. N by Napai.l
byOri/C. it.sfui
i' India Cmpany;
)altp;tre thev exp.,
m this provintT. p,
lin/iar, a town o|
"IP capiral r.f the c<
l^m^. and now rem;
wr of magnificent fu
Jt';.)5 ni sh Patna.
lia/,in i fvv All s„i,
llaJnutch, a town
the provinc-of On |<
"bad and 65 nk Lu
,56 k. lat. Z7 ^oN.
, liahrenbursr, a tow
'"the county of Ho
buhl-ngrn, so m w jsj
lia/irln, a town of /
the w (icic of a fine Ff
'"the gulf of Perfia
only to the ifland on H
fiit.iifotoac!ufUTof
for the pearl fifliery; J
province, extending al
'^^hegulf. ThetowJ
belonged once to the
's 70 m NK Lah/a, th

' P^J^ce. Lon. 49 5 H,
lialius, a proviiiLC of I
^w coad of Gothland,
h" tj*^ '^. It is 1,5 n.|
.5 to 30 broad, mud
nvers and lakes. Thel
and the principal export
P'tch,iime, tallow, and
^"/'fJ.atownofSwl

1 0 trefs on a rock. It F

Jl'Otheburg. Lon. ,2:jl
l^aia, a town of Napll
F oro, with a cafile onl
r^ky precpice. It wf
r"s for Its hot barhi
^»««, of which wl

n A I

fil it Pn)vlil('ncc Thcfc illinds pro-
iliicr abundance of i'.iitt alio a great
t|ii.ititity ofilyifig wond^t an i Come lijc-
iiiim v\t\v Hid inahofriiiiy. Tlie only
.irtuli'* iiiltiv.iffd tor fxputtntion .ire
cotton and cortt'j?.

Ihtliamn, one of the larRift of the
Malt.tma iriatidg, lyin^; on th«' •» fide of
the Little H.ihama hank, and fxtcnding
from the gulf ot Floiida to thcinindttf
Abaco it contain,^ nuicli ttiic liinljer,
but ii (lifficult ot acccl'it. It !•< uninhi-
bited, and the vv nid ih 2o iea^u^v K of
ilifcoall of I'lorida. Loii. ;8 y\ w, lat.

Jiu/uir, a country of Hindoortan,
boniulcd <iii ihf w l)y Allatnbul and
Oudc, N by Nap.Tul, a l>y Bcn^jal, and s
by Orid.i. It is fuhjtVt to tlit' lingMli
V. India CompuTiy; and niull ot iiu-
laltp'tre tbey export is niamifa»Ihirid
in this province. Pntna is the capital.

liii/iar, a town of Ilindooltaii, once
the capital of the count ly of the lafini
riamt". and now remarLabl'' lor a num-
ber of magnificent funeral monuments-
It is )5 m SK Patna.

lid h in i fd'e //// Snints Tlnij.

Iht/niJtili, a town of Hiniiooftan, in
the province of Oiib", 6j m nnw Fy-
zab.id, and 65 NF. Lucknow. Lon. 81
.^6 K, lat. 17 30 N.

Uahrenbur^^t a town of Weftphalia,
in tilt! county of Hoya, on the river
SuhlinRcn, jo m w Nii'iiburg.

liti/irin, a town of Arabia, lituate on
the w lide of a fine maml, ,-50 m long,
in the gulf of Perfia. It gives name not
only to the ifland on which it is built,
but alfo to a cluP.er of them, celebrated
for the pearl filhery ; and likewife to a
province, extending along the w coaft
of the gulf. The town is fortified, and
belonged once to the Portuguefe. It
is 70 m NK Lahfa, the capit.il of the
province. Lon. 49 5 k, lat. 26 ao n.

Ihhtis, a proviuLC of Sweden, on the
sw coalt of Gothland, having Norway
on the N. It is 115 m iong and from
15 to 30 broad, much interfered by
[rivers and lakes. The land is fertile,
and the principal exports arc filli, wood,
I pitch, lime, tallow, and hides.

Balius, a town of Sweden, capital of
|i province of the fame name, with a
Iforttefs on a ruck. It is fttuate on an
liflaiid of the river Gotha, 12 m n by b
[Goiheburg. Lon. it 3, e, lat. 57 51 n.

Baia, a town of Naples, in Terra di
lUvoro, with a caftle on the brow of a
Irock-y precipice. It was lormerly fa-
Ibious for Its hot baths and elegant
JPilices, oi which fuma ruins remaiu.

fl-A K
It !• fcated on the bay of Naples, la m
w Naplrs.

Ha/a, A town of Hungary, on the
Danube, 35 m NW Hflek.

lia/ajor, a cap** on fbo w coift of
Africa, » of the Canary iflandH. Lon.
14 11 w, lat. 16 I a N.

haiknL a hi.** ol Sibttia, in the pro-
vince of likutfk, ^50 m in length, but
iiH greatert brradth not above 40- I b«
water is frelb ; and tile Rnirima fpeak
of it with rcvirriic*, calling it th«; lloly
fea There are nMuy feaU in it of a
blackilh culour, and abiindanre ot fill) ;
alfo f( veral iflandH. .<nd that of Olelion,
the larpell, liis I'nlpliureous fprings. It
rect'ivtM the Selitiga Ironi ilie ■<, and its
outlet is the Angara, which fl.ws M
into the Yi infei.

liiiillful., A town of Franc*', in thedc*
pirinuiit of Noi.l, y m sw Ypres.

Ihi/ur, ;i Icapoit of Abyllinia, and
chief town in the country of D incali.
It Hands on a fpacious b:4y of the Ked
fca, )4o m k by n Gondar. Lon. 42 40
t, lit. 13 3 N.

iitti/uru, a town of Hindooftan, in
Myfore, with a good Hone fort. It
carries on a confidcrable trade with Ja«
malabad and the country below the
Oauts. It is feated near the Uhaari, 60
m WNW Seringapatam.

Jiain, a town of Franco, in the de-
partment of Ille and Vilaine, 16 m s
Rennen.

liain Conga, a river of Hindooftan,
which rifes near the Nerbudda, rtms »
through Berar, and, alter a conrfc of
near 400 m, jc^ns the Godavery, within
the hills that bo^nd the Biitilb ("ircars.

Jiairdjfownt a town of Kentucky,
chief ot Nelfon county. It ftands on
the head waters of Salt river, 50 m sfi
Louifvillc.

Uairout, anciently Berytus, a fcaport
of Syria, in Paleftine, and the thief town
of the Drufes. The port is nearly chok-
ed with fand and ruins ; but many cot-
tons and filks are exported hence for
Cairo. It ftands on the n fide of a broad
promontory, 50 m www Damafcus.
Lon. 36 10 E, lat. 33 45 N-

Bakerjhiun, a town of the diflridf of
Maine, in tumberland county, 40 m
NNB Portland.

Baiftweli, a town in the Peak of
Derbyfhire, with a market on Friday.
Here is a large cotton-mill; and near
it, at the village of Afhford, arc marble
works, where the black and gray mar-
bles found in the vicinity are fawn and
polifhcd- It is i'eated on the Wye, ajr
m NNW Derby and 153 London.
£ a

Mi
I

. ;■ s

'n'^ii^.

"S

0 A I.

Prtktimt • town nf F.uri»rM ;iti Turkey,
ill Mul.l ivi.«, on tlic river liilliil/a, 6u
m Nw Jifly,

lUthclic/.rdi; fi'C lUtc/ir/ernh

Ufiiu, .1 lown (»t Si;li'rv;in,ftirn)umlc'l
l)y 1 iiouhli umII .i'uI dci-p «lifch It is
a ]}\mx of C(nilitliial)lc t-adr, and llu"
mod cotnmodioiiii ami late h.ivfn of
the < "afpian fca. The viciiiily prodiicci
niui-li niik fall, lulpliiir, and iiaptlia,
and it i» famoiii t'>ir raflVon. A little i'.
of thi' nnptlii fpringn in a lire ti inplc of
tlif Oucbrcs, near a milKlii circuit, Iroin
tlie centre of which a bluilli flame nrnJ
fulphurous gas arifi s; and thf country
around ha^, at timeB.tht' appearance of
being enveloped in flamei. Dal^u wan
taken hy the Kudlans in iKoi, and
Aands on n peninfula, io« m k. by >r
Schamachi. Lon. (o 15 k, lat. 4o .^ n-

IJa/*, a corporate town of Walfj, in
Mcrionethlhirt, with a market on Sa-
turday- It Hands on thr lake of liala,
or I'emblcnifrt', which i> ^j m Ion;; and
one briKid,and abounds uith a lijh call-
ed guinard, rt fcii'.bling a falinon in
ftiapc, and tailing like a trout. The
river Dec ilfues Iroin thiK lake. The
town haa .i great trade in woollen ftock-
ings, webs, and flannels. It is '\o m p.k
Carnarvon, and 19/; NW London. Lon.
3 .« w, lit. .i;j 50N.

JialiicliHa, a town of Rnnia, in the
jovcriimtnt of Niznci Novogorod, feat-
ed near the Volga, 40 m wnw Niznti
iNovoporod.

Ba/ac/tivd, a fcaport .)f Ruffia, in
Crimea. The harbour has a very nar-
row entrance, and is land-locked by
precipitous mountains of red and white
marble, in the fide;; of which are fcreral
excavations. On the heights above the
mouth of thr port are the ruins ol a
magnificent {•<. iioefe fortrcfi;. The p» .-
fent inhabitants arc Greeks, and the
porticob of all their doors are covered
with vines. It in 18 m ssE Scbaftopol.

Baia^at, or BalUigct, a country of
Hindooftan, in the Dtccan,confitUnp of
vad fertile plains, fuppurted by a llu-
pendous wall of mouniains, called the
Gauts, whicli rifes abruptly from the
low country called the Concan. This
trat't is fo elevated, that the air is cool
and pleafant. The northern part isfub-
jert to the Poonah Mahratta-, and it
extends thence, alon^' the peninfula, to
the fouthern extremity of Myfore.

Bmlaguer, a town of Spain, in Cata-
lonia, with a ftronp fort that defends a
difficult pafs from Tortofa to Tarrago-
na. The fort was taken from the French
bytheBritifliiniiiu. The town ftands

n A I.

on thi^rltrer Sej?'^»» «* t*i«" '""^ of a crag-
gy rock, ao m w Tarragona, and ^t
NK Tortt)(a,

Ua/tti/i; n fmall ifland in the gBlf of

Mexico, with a fort, nt th'

principal
Lon. 8y

entr.incc of tlic Milliffipiu.
xo w, lat. j'> f' N.

lUilamhanf^an, a fmall ifland in thtf
Indian ocean, at the n extremity of
Bt)rneo, where a fettlfmeni wan tormed
by the I'all- India Company in 177 J,
but cvacoited the luxl yr ir.

Iliilamhuun ; lee PaUmboath

lialafiura, C/iiia. » town of rii..J->o-
ftan, ill .Myfore, iioteil for l!.c mjuufac
ture of fngar-candy and tl.tyed fngur,
15 in NK Doda M.dapiira.

lialapura, Dodfit * town of Iliiulon.
ftan, in Myfor.-, finroiinded by .1 mu 1
w.dl and a iiedge, and hat< a ftroiig niu !
fort, with a palace. Here are man
f.idlureR of cloth and fugar. It is :t
in N' by w liangalore, an<l ?7 m^ Scr.i

HalariiCt a town of France, in ilic
department of Ilerault, lanious for iu
baths. It Ih u ni from .Montpellicr.

Ihlnfon-y a feaport of Ilindooft.ir),
in Orifia, and a pi. ice of eonliderable
trade; fituate on the Gongahar, lo in
from iti mouth in the bay of Bengal,
and 124 s\v Calculta. Lon. 86 46 i:,
lat. 2 1 26 N.

Halbiijho, an epifcopal city of Spain,
inAnipon, on the river Vero, near its
conflux with the Ciuca, 45 m knb Sa-
ragolfa. Lon. o 6 li, lat. 41 54 n.

Dalbcc, the ancient llrliopolis, a town
of .^yria, at the foot of .Nlount Libanus,
near the nk exlreniily of th« fertile
valley of Bocat. On the k fide are
magnifn-ent ruins, particularly tliofe ol
the temple dedicated to the Sun The
town was nearly dertroyed by an earth-
quake in 1759, and is now a poor pi.icc,
37 m NNW Damafcus.

lialLriirgen, a town of Ireland, in thf
county of Dublin, with a fmall harbour,
defended by a pier, ao m N by E Dub-
lin.

BaUock, a town in Hertford(lnre,|
•vilh a market on Thurfday ; iVated
among hills, 9 m wsw Royfton, and j;
NNW London.

Baleares, or Balearic Ijlands, a nunv
bcr of ifiands lying to the e of Spain,
in the Mediterranean fea. The pri|i<
cipal are Majorca, Minorca, and Ivica
which are populous : but thofc of Forj
mentera, Cabrea, Dragonera, and othcj
fmaller ones have few or no inliabiuntr
They belong to the Spaniards.

Bai/nijiy a town of Perfia, in Afa
'<anderan. It is larger than Sarti h\

tiK-anly huifi.

y"_I)rinc(p,,| (
traffic. It j„ f
ncir ,|„. c..fpi„

Fri/ch;,!:,^; ,^'

'M'. an i/la,
"} '""K and 4r

-^^ fruit:: s

'•u. a ?o 8.

t"f^'> a towi
/"'••••tan, at thw ,n
'•ime name, i„ t\

.•''""'.Engli/horu
" navjKaM,. f„, ,,,

l'^' "' J'ur.ln, CM

".7'' ."".account

" '• "7 4' w, Lr. ,
M. a,,ty„ri,

' "^ -^ province

ormcrJy i„eu,j J;'
;'^"-"'"'"fillc..tr.d

"""Inoftan. The
fiKnificcnt ftr^otur
c.Houtofthcnei;-M

'"fo t'lt-' Amu, ir,,n
J^'o^NEH,,,e. Lou

V/h,re,nearthcmo,
.4 m ssvv Ayr

BaHibo,^, H town ol
^''"ny...m.wPhi

'"; county of Antrim

"^^"''-^v^AntrinT'

ii'iUtmore, a town

^r'y.«fwMeath.

m,mote, a town
^"lltnrobe, a town c

fa I'ay, and a trade
^^'JogO'c,,:, a countrv

Pro3ch,ng within X4m
«°^,ongandfron/3o|

;; 'oga ou^^y, ,„ 1

cy are famous mcl

*'"» good accommoda '

o

[.f

!i

of
pal

«»#

the
r oi

773»

lulon-
i nu. '
. it -t

SCM

in il"^

\'ox iU
lUcr.
Icioft.in,
\dcrab!c
ir, 10 in

J6 46 ii

of Spaini
. nc.ir ils

14 N.

[is, a tow*
I/ibanui,
Ihtf iVililc
\\t\c lire
Iv iliuft'ot
lun The
a»» t'Arth-
loor pl.ict*

Jincl, in thf
III h.Mbo"r,
jy E Dub-

t-tfordfliirf >
Ion, and j;j

Us, a '^"?^1

[e of Sp;iiH

The pi">M

andlvkal

lofe of F"f1
1, and oM
ihihabi'^a"^^

in -N'^

K\a>
In

Sart.

n A L

nif«nly built 'Hk? bA/.ir, which formi
thr urincip.il ([tvct, tlrnotr* aii niMivc
tr.imc It ii lltiMtc ill .1 low villcy,
ne.ir the C.ifpi.iii lea, ^o m nw S.hI

lialf(tit ^ town or PnifTia, on the
Frifch Had", 14 in »w KoiiiMlherg.

Jhtli, an illaiul of the I*. Iiulic*, 75
m loiiK Aiid 45 liroid, at t'.ic K «.iul oV
the iflo of Java, from which it i^ frpa-
rati u by a channel called the Strait of
U<ih. It in populoii'', abounds in licc
and fruitN, .uul fiirtiilhcH lliv«'><, cotton,
yarn, And pickled pork. I<on. 115 0 K,
lat. 8 to a.

Baiixtt a town of New Spain, in
Jncatan, at th« month of a livcr (.(" the
lame iianic, in the hay of Ilomliira-i.
'I'hf iiourcH are hiiill nf wooil, r lilVd on
pilfs, ind it is the principal iitth'n\< nt
of thi- Enplifh on ihibcoall. The river
\% navijj.il.lf for al)ovi> 100 m, hut vcf-
fcis of burden cannot approach the
town, on account of a bar. Th; chiif
Hide iH in logwooil and mahogany,
l.on. 87 41 w, hit. 17 \o N.

llalk, a city of Ulbec T.irtary, capi-
t I of a province of tiic fame name,
Ijinf? w of Choraf.in. in which it was
tormcriy included. It has a confidcra-
l)!e trac!^' in iilk, and is tin' chief fvat of
the commerce bctwccii Bokharia and
liiiidi)ofl.an. The khan's calllc in a
mn^jnificciit ftructuic, built of marble,
ilugout of the ni*ijM)i)uring mountains.
It is fcatcd on the Dewafli, which flow*
into the Amu, x(\->n\ .se Hokhara, and
,i;to NE Herat. Lon- 65 16 e, Ut. 36
:X N.

Baltantrac, a toNvn of Scotlmd, in
Ayrfhirc, near the mouthof the Siinchar,
:4 m ssw Ayr.

B(i!lil/ot/, a town of Ireland, in King
county, iti m sw Philipftown.

ijaUtrnontjy a town )f Ireland, in
thecounty of Antrim, 7 m Ebu Colcrain,
and 18 NNW Antrim.

Ballimore, a town of Ireland, in the

county «f W Meath, 1 ? m nk Athlone.

Ballimotfi a town of Ireland, in the

county of Sligo, with an extciifive linen

manufadure, 14 m .s Sligo.

Bollinrobe, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Mayo, iS m ;: by k Caffkbav.
Ballintoy, a town of Ireland, on the
s coaft of Antrim, with a tolerable
good hay, and a trade in coal, four m
w by N Ballycaftle.

Ballogijiufi, a country of Hindooftan,
I bordering on the N of iMCwat, and ap-
I preaching within 14 m w Delhi. It is
om long and from 30 to 40 broad.
Batltotwn, a town of New York, in
ISaratoga county. In a neighbouring
bailey are famous medicinal fprings,
I with good accommodation^ n' ar them

HAL

for valetudinarians It U jA ni m A1*
bany.

llalh/cnjlUt, a town of Irehind, on th«
N coal^ ol /Vntrim. It ha» fome ((ood
coliirrii'x, ami ftafid* ii«*.»r the mouth
of the Olerdhilk, j.^ m m by w Antrim
Lon. A 41^ w, lat. jj 14 n.

U'tllifCOHttfU a town of Irehtnd, iri th*
county of Cavan, 1 1 lu kk Cavan.

li^llifni,tli»n% A town of Ireland, in
the county uf Longford, 54 m w Dub-
lin.

Balli/menot a town of Ireland, in thf
county of Antiim, on the river Maine*
12 m NNW Antrim.

BallijrKxhittcli, \ town of Ireland, In
the county of Down. Near this pl.ice
the rebcl.i were defeated in 179H, and
the greater part of the town wau burnt.
It ii* 16 m N K Ncwry.

lUitiinakiH, a borough of Ireland, in
(]|n'iu county. Here are fome wool-
len manufactures, and in the vicinity
are theruinsof Acallh'. hia 18 n\ Nvr
KilF;«nny.

lUilluihannofit .1 borough and fo.i*
port dl Inland, in the county of Done-
g.al. Here is a good falmon iilhervt
anil an extcnlive linen manufaifutf. It
is feated near the mouth of the Krne»
I ro m Nw Dublin. liOn. I 5 w, lat. J4

.11 N.

Ualmerino, a town of Scotland, iit
Pifcfhire, which has a trade in corn and
falmun. and a mamif.idure of coarfe
linen. The ruins of its once magni-
ficent abbey are murlj ailntired. It it
feated on the frith of Tay, 10 m ww
St. Andrew.

Da.'nidfrt/f a town of Ireland, in the
county of Dublin, fcatcd near the fea,
18 m N Dublin.

Baltic, ;ui inland lea, in the nw of
Europe, between the coafls of Sweden,
Kudia, Courland, Prulfia, Germany,
and Denmark. It includes the gulfl
of Bothnia and Finland ; and a great
numberofiilands, the principal of which
a. V. Aland, Dago, Oefel, Gothland, Oe-
land, Hornholm, Rugen, and Laland;
and the iflands of Zealand and Funen
fi'parate it from the C'ategat, by which
it communicates with the ocean- The
Baltic has no tide, but a current always
fets through the Sound into the Cate-
gat. Yellow amber is found on the coaft,

Baltimore^ a town of Ireland, in the
county of Cork, on a headland which
runs into the fea, and forms a good
harbour, 5 m n k of Cape Clear. It has
the ruins of an abbey, and is 50 m aw
Cork. Lon. 9 14 w, lat- 51 i8 n.

Baltimore, the laigeft town of Mary-
land, capital of a county of the fame
name, in which are nunieruus iron-

I* ■ .

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Hiotographic

Sciences
Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) •73-4503

V

%.

4^

\

\

#^:^^

'ifc^

K^<^

■J'T

!i}.',h

BAM

vorkg. It is divided by a creeV into
the Town and Peril's point, to the lat-
ter of which the watiT is drcp cnnuph
for fhips of burden, bwt final! veflMs
only go up to the town. The harbour
in one of the Hrcft in America, with a
narrow cntrani't defended l)y a fort.
Here are nine c«lihce8 for public wor-
Ihip; and the number of inhabitants
is upward of j 5,000- It is feated on
the Pata|)fco, near its entrance into
Cheripeak bay, 7^^ m N Annapolis. Lon.
76 44 w, lat. 39^19 N.

Baltinff/a/j, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Wickiow, with extenfive
manufa^ures of linrn and woollen ;
feated on the Slaney, 3J m sw Dublin.

Jiamia, a town of the kingdom of
Congo, in a rich province of the fame
name. It carries on a traffic in flavts,
and i," feated on the Loze, 160 m sw
St. Salvador. Lon. 13 45 e, lat. 7 a s.

Batfibara, a kingdom of Negroland,
which lies to thf sw of that of Tom-
butfloo. The cultivation of corft is
here carried on to a great extent ; and
the inhabitants are hofpitable to ftrang-
ers. Sego is the capital.

Bamberg, a city of Franconia, capital
of a principality of the fame name, with
a univerliiy. The palace is a large pile
of building, and the cathedral a vafl
Gothic edifici?. It was taken in 1758
and 1764 by the Pruflians, and in i7i;4
by the French. It is feated 011 the Red-
nitz, neir its conflux with the Maine,
35 m N Nurenbtrg. Lon. 1056 e, lat.

49 55 ^''

Bamberg, a town of Bohemia, at
the foot of a mountain, 30 m s Glatz.

Bamborough, a village in Northum-
berland, on the feacoaft, 14 m n Aln-
wick. It was once a borough, and
gave name to a traft called Bambo-
roughfhire. It has a caftle, on a rock,
inacccflible on all fides, except the s,
faid to have been built by king Ida,
about 560. This caftic, and the ma-
nor, was purchafed after the rebellion
of 17 15, by lord Crew, bifliop of Dur-
ham, who left it for many benevolent
purpofes, particularly that of miniftcring
inftant relief to feamen and vefTels that
happen to be caft on this dangerous
coaft.

Bambouk, a kingdom of Africa, be-
tween the rivers Fatemi and Senegal.
It is friid to be very populous, and on
the borders of the rivers fertile, but in
other parts fandy and barren. The
mofl remarkable animals are a fpecies
of white apes, which they will not
allow to be fent out of the country;
wh re foxes, and the girafa, an animal
made like a camel, and of extraordinary

HAN

fwiftneis. There are mines of gold,
filvt-r, tin, lead, and iron. The capital
is of the fame name. Lon. 9 30 w, lat.
13 30 ".

Bamian, a city of Ufbec Tartary, in
the province of G.mr. Here arc a great
number of apartments and reccflcs cut
out of a mountain ; fome of whicli,
from their ornamental work and extra-
ordinary dimenfions, are fuppofed to
have been temples. It is feated near
a river of the fame name, 170 m ese
Balk. Lon. 66 to E, lai- 39 30 n.

Bamos, a town on the n borders of
the kingdom of Birmah, with a fort,
feated on the Irrawaddy, 170 m nne
Ummcrapoora.

Ban/pton, a town in Oxfordftiire,
with a market on Wednefday. Some
remains of its ancient caftle yet exin ;
and it has a trade in leather gloves,
jackets, and breeches. It is feated
Hear the ThaiYies, 12 m w Oxford, and
71 w by N London.

Btimptan, a town in Devonfliire,
with a market on Saturday, a chaly-
beate fpring, and a manufadure of
fergcs. It is feated in a bottom, fur-
rounded by hills, 20 m nne Exeter,
and 163 w by J London.

Banagher, a borough of Ireland, in
King county, feated on the Shannon,
15 ms Athlone.

Banaiuara, a town of Hindooftan,
in Aiyfore, with a fine mud fort, and
the ruins of an extenfive palace. Much
tobacco is cultivated in the vicinity. It
is 68 m Nw Seringapatam.

Banbury, a borough in Oxfordlhire,
governed by a mayor, with a market on
Thurfday. It is noted for its cake*
and ale, and is feated on the Charwd,
71 m NNW London. Lon. 1 11 w, lat.
52 4 N.

Banca, an ifland on the e coaft of
Sumatra, celebrated for its produflivc
tin mines. It hasa town and ftraitofthc
fame name. Lon. 105 41 E, lat. 2 jJ s

Bancalts, a feaport on the e coaft of
Sumatra, where the Dutch have a fet-
tlement. It is 130 m w Malacca. Lon.
100 7 e, lat. I 15 N.

Bancok, a town of the kingdom of
Siam, with a fort ; feated near the
mouth of the Menan, 40 m s Siam.
Lon. 100 48 e, lat. 13 44 n.

Bancout, or Fort Victoria, a town
and fortrefs of Hindooftan, on the coaft
of the Concan, with a good harbour,
and a trade in fait. It was taken by
the Britifliin 1755 ; and is 66 m s Bom-
bay. Lon. 72 48 E, lat. 18 5 n.

Banda, the chief of the Banda, or
Nutmeg iflands. i" the Indian ocean.
The group cor ^>iifc8 this ifle, called

nines of golil,
ti. The capital
.on- 9 30 Wjlat.

[hec T-irtary, in
Hf rt' are a great
and reccffcs cut
fome of whicli,
work and extra-
ive fiippofed to
t is feated near
ime, 170 m sse
ai. 39 30 N-
he N borders of
ih, with a fort,
dy, 170 m NNE

in Oxfordftiire,
rdnffday- Some
caftle yet exift;
I leather gloves,
s. It is featcd
n w Oxford, and

in Devonfliire,
itarday, a chaly-
manufadure of
n a bottom, fur-
in mne Exeter,

on.

jh of Ireland, in

on the Shannon,

1 of Hindooftan,

e mud fort, and

e palace. Much

In the vicinity. U
am.

in Oxfordfhirc,

with a market on

ed for its cakes

on the Charwt;!,

iLon. I II w,lat.

In the E coaft of
tor its p»odu<Sivc
Inandftraitofthc

41 E, lat. a a2 *
[on the E coaft of
futch have a fet*

Malacca. Lon.

the kingdom of
feated near the
I, 40 m s Siam.

44 N.

Jlctoria, a town
[ftan, on the coaft
la good harbour,
I It was taken by
Id is 66 m s Bom-
tt. 18 5 N.
bf the Banda, or
le Indian ocean.
Is this ifle, called

BAN

ilfo Lantnr, and fix or ft'ven othen.
The nutniepgrowH principally on these
iflands ; and they have been fuhjcit to
the Dutch ever linoe 1609, when they
expelled both tlie Mnglifh and natives.
They are all very fmall, the largclt
being only ao m in circumference, and
are lubjed to earthquakes. Banda was
taken by tlie Lugiilh in 1796, rcftored
in 1801, and taken again in 1810. Lun.
1J9 30 E, lat. I 40 s.

iiander Coufro, a feaport of Perfia, on
the gulf of Kilia, 80 n\ w Gombroon.
Lon. 55 8 K, lat. 27 10 N.

linndon, a borough of Ireland, in the
coi'uty ot Cort:. It is a military Ration,
rnd ll-nrls a member to parliament.
Ki..'e a>>. maiiutadures of cotton, camb«
lets, ticking. &c. It is fituate on a
river ot the fame name, 17 m sw Cork.
liandora, a town of Hindooftan, on
tlu: 8 fide of the ifland of Salfclte, which
is feparalcd from that of Bombay by a
narrow channel. It is 6 m n Bombay-
Buiijf, a borough and feaport of
Scotla"nd, and the county-town of
BanflThiie. The caftle, formerly a place
of ftrength, is now a plain modern edi-
fice. 'Ihe harbour i^ defended by a
pier and a battery. Here are manufac-
tures of thread, cotton, and ftockings ;
and great quantities of I'almon are ex-
ported. The number of inhabitants
was 3571 in 1801, and 3603 in 181 1.
It is feated on the fide of a hill, at the
mouth of the Deveron, 45 m nnw
Aberdeen, and 165 n by t Edinburg.
Lon. 2 23 w, lat. 57 40 n.

Banffjbiret a county of Scotland,
bounded on the N by the ocean, se by
Aberdeenfhire, nnd w by Elginlhire.
Its greateft lengih is 50 m, and its ex-
tent along the coaft iz, but the mean
breadth is not more than 16. It con-
tains 649, 600 acres, and is divided into
aj parirfies. The number of inhabit-
ants was 35,807 in 1801, and 36,668 in
181 1. The s part is very mountainous,
but the northern diftriift is level and
fertile. The principal rivers are the
Deveron and Spey, which form a part
of its E and w boundaries.

Banf[dioret a city of Hindooftan, in
Myfore. It has a ftrong fort, the bul-
wark of Myfore, toward Arcot : it was
taken by the Englifli in 1791, and re-
ftored the next year to Tippoo, who
deftroyed it ; but it has fince been reno-
vated. The palace is compofed of mud,
yet not without fome degree of magni-
ficence; and there are two extenfive
gardens. The chief manufactures are
filk and cotton-cloths, muflins, leather,
and oil. It is 74 m ne Seringapatam.
Lon. 77 37 E, lat. ij o n.

KAN

Eafifror, a city of Wales, in Camarl
vonfliire, with a market on Friday. It
was once ccnfideriible, and defended
by a caftle ; but is now a fmall place,
thougli increafed fince a ncvv .laibour
was madi*. The number of inhaliitanta
was 1770 in 1801, and 238.? in 181 1.
The principal buildings are the cath*:-
dtitl and the biftiop's palace. It is fitu-
ate at the N end of the ftrait Menai,
36 m w St. Afapl), and 451 nw Lon-
don. Lon. 4 la w, lat. <3 la n.

Bangor, a borough of Ireland, in the
county of Down, ftated on the s fide
of the bay of Carrickfer^ as, oppofite
the town of that name.

Ban,(, ; a town of the diftridt of
Maine, .n Hancock county, on the w
fide of Penobfcot river, 25 m n by «
Belfaft.

Banja/uka, a town of European Tur-
key, in llolbia, fuppofed to contain
18,000 inhabitants. Il is feated at the
conHux cf the Verbania with the
Verba-s, 70 ra Nw Serai, and 155 w
Belgrade. Lon. 18 5 e, lat. 4444 k.

Banjer, a confiderable river in the
ifiand of Borneo, which flows almoft due
s from the centre of the country to the
harbour of Banjermaftin, and at its
niouth the Dutch have their principal
fadory.

BanjcrmaJJiny a kingdom in tie s
pan of the ifland of Borneo, the capital
of which is Negara. The country
produces great quantities of pepper;
alfo gold, iron, diamonds, canes, edible
birds-nefts, wax, and dragonfblood. 1
has a town of the fame name, with a
good harbour, at the mouth of the river
Banjer. Lon. 114 30 e, lat. 3 15 s.

Banks Ijland, an ifland in the Pacific
ocean, on the e fide of New Z'"iland,
about 100 m in circumference. Lon.
174 o E, lat. 43 30 s.

Banks Ijland, an ifland in the Pacific
ocean, near the w coaft of N America,
about 60 m long and 5 broad. Lon.
1300 w, lat. 53 30 N.

Banit, a river of Ireland, which iffues
from the Mourne mountains iu the
county of Down, flows nw into Ar-
magh, through Lough Neagh, and
thence forms the boundary between
Londonderry and Antrim, entering the
fea 4 m below Colerain.

Bannbridge, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Down, on the river Bann, 14
m N by E Ncwry.

Bannockburn, a village of Scotland,
on the river Bannock, 3ms Stirling.
It has manufadures of cotton-cloth
and tartan, and an extenfive colliery.
This place is noted for a battle between
£dwdrd II and Robert Bruce, in ijmi

n

l! /' ,

;)):•■«

BAR

in which tlic former wiig tirlV^tpd.
Here alfo Jiimcs iii, in 14H7, was de-
feated by liis r«l)tllioU!i rii!)jrL'h. wotiiid-
Vi\, and foon aticr imirderrd by a prkll
called in to receive liis contcfTioii.

Batmow, a borotitjh ;uul feapoit of
Ireland, in the county of VV«'xford, on
the E fid(! of a bay to which it j;iv(S
namo, 20 m sw Wexford, l.on. 6 40
W, lat. 5 a a N-

Bantam^ a town on tiu! w coaft of
Java, capital of a kingdom of tlic fame
name, with two forts. It is divided into
two parts by a river. The LngliHi and
Danes had faiftorii'-. hen* till 16X2, when
they were expelled by the Dutch. The
produce of the country is pi pper, of
which valt <i'iantltics are exi)ortcd.
lkntam,oi'cc populous and (lourinunG;,
is now a poor plici;, the harbour being
fo choked up, tiu't it is iiiacceflible tc
vefTch of burden; and the climate is
deemed more peftilcntial than that of
IJatavia. It is ico m w by s Hatavia.
Lon. 105 26 E, lat. 6 20 s.

Uantry, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Cork, feated on the e fide of
an oxtenfive bay of the Atlantic, to
which it gives name, 40 m waw Cork.
Lon. 10 lo w. lat. 51 26 n.

Banwe/l, a village in Somerfetniire,
4 m NNW Axbridgc. lierr; was a mo-
naftery, founded by one of the Saxon
princes, which w.*s deltroyed by the
Danes. On its lite an epifcopal p.dacc
was erefted, fome remains of which
arc to be feen near the church.

Bapaumcy a town of France, in the
department of Pas de Calais, 12 m &e
Arras.

Bar, a town of Poland, in Podolia,
on a river that flows e into the Bog.
In 1768 a catholic confederation was
held here, to pvotedt the religion of the
country, from the encroachment of dif-
fenters. It {548 m h ne Kaminiek, and
55 NN Braclaw. Lon. 27 40 e, lat. 49
14 N.

Bur, a town of Ilindooftan, in Bahar,
near the Ganges, 34 in ese Patna.

Bar, or liarrois, a late duchy of
France, lying on both fnles the Mcufe,
bi twcen Lorrain and Champagne. It
now forms the department of Meufe.

Bar le Due, a town of France, ca-
pital of the department of Meufe, with
a c.iRle. Itb wiiie is as delicate as
Champagne, it i.s ff-ated </n the fide of
a hill, by the rivuht Orney, 30 m w
Toul, and 138 e Paris. Lon. 5 20 e,
lat. 4S 44 N.

Bar fur Aiibc, a town of France, in
the department of Aube, famous for
its wines ; feated at the foot of a mouil-
taiij, 18 m sw Joinville.

n A II

r>,ir pir S^hte, a town of Franc*", in
tlu' iltpartnitnt of Aube, on the river
Siiiie, at the foot of a mountain, ao m
bw I'ar fur Aiib'".

Biira, one of the Hebrides of Scot-
land, to the s of S Uilt. It is la tn
long and 4 broad, and has a mountain-
ous appeirance, but the foil in nuiiiy
parts is fertile. (Jreat quantities of
cod and ling arc cau^iht on thecoaft;
and fliellfifli, efpecially cockles, are
found in abuiidauee. On the nk fulc
is a good harbour- Lou. 7 27 w, lat.
57 2 N.

Btiracoa, a town on the ne coaft of
Cuba, with a good harbour for fmall
vellMs, 90 m ene St. J:igo do Cub.i.
Lon. 74 42 w,lat. 10 jo n.

Uaramo tU- Malambo, a town of
Terra Firma, in the province of St.
Martha, and a bifliop'sfet, with a good
harbour, at the mouth of the Mada-
Icna, 70 m nk Cartli.igena. Lon. 74 5«
w, lat. II 20 N.

Barany, or Baramvahr, a town of
Lower Hungary, capital of the county
of Barany, taken from the Turks in
1684. It is feated on an ifland formed
by the river Craflb, 14 m n Eflek, and
120 s Buda. Lon. 19 16 e, lat. 454a m.

Baraquicemito, a town of Terra Fir-
ma, in Venezuela, on a river ( f the fame
name, 80 m v. by NTruxillo.

Barbacoa, a town of Nt-w Granada,
in Popayan, on the river Tolembi, no
msw Popayan.

Barbacoa, a town of Terra Firma, in
Venezuela, on the e fide of the lake
Maracaybo, 130 m 8 by w Venezuela.

Barbados, the eafternmoft of the
Windward idands, in the W Indies, 25
m long and 1 5 broad. The exports are
fugar, rum, cotton, and ginger ; and it
has mod of the fruits common to the
climate. The fugar exported hence is
finer than that of any other plantation;
and it has one particular produ<5tion,
called Barbaoo." tar, which rifes out of
the earth, and fwims upon the furfacc
of the water. This ifhnd has fufFcred
much from hurricanes; particularly
from one in 1780, when 4,326 of the
inhabitants, blacks and whites, loft their
lives ; and the damage done to the pro-
perty was computed at 1,320,^1601.
The capital is Bridgetown.

Barbara, a town of the kingdom of
Adel feated near the mouth of the Ha-
wafti, 2.0 m NE Aucaguel. Lon. 4625
E, lat. II 2 N.

Barbara, St. a town on the coaft of
New Albion, capital ofa jurifdidtion of
its name. It (tands in a rugged coun-
try, but has a good roadftead. Lon.
119 46 w, lat. 34 «6 N.

larbour for Ihip

an ancient crlh
college, founded

ranc*", m
the river
lii), lo m

of Scot-
is i» rn

riountain-
iii many
Uitii-s of
he coaft ;
kU.s, are
e NK fide
17 w, lat.

F. coaft of
for fmall
dft Cub.i.

town of

:e of St.
iih a good
he Mada-
jon. 74 5«

town of
he county
Turks in
nd formi-'d
EfTek, and
t. 45 4a N.
Terra Fir-
f the fame

Granada,
embi, no

Firma, in
f the lake
iTenezuela.
of the
Indies, z$
xports are
er ; and it
»on to the
d hence it
)lantati(>n;
rodiiftion,
ifes out of
the furfacc
an fufFered
articularly
326 of thi
s, loft their
to tlie pro-

ingdom of
of the Ha-
Lon. 46 25

le conft of
ifdidtion of
;ged coun-
lad. Lon.

n A 11

BArharecn, ^ vili;ipe of Ceylon, on
thf w coaft, 6 m » (.'Ahuia. It h. s a
liarboiir for Ihip boats, and a con 11 er-
al)Ie maniif.tJtuie of cordajieand ca^'lcs
j'lonj the cocoa-tree

Ucirkary, a country of Afri-.", be-
tween the Atlantic ocean, the Meditcr-
i.inean fca, and I'^-ypt; containing the
lOiintrifsof Rarca, Tripoli, Tunis, Al-
;:icr8, Fez, Morocco, 'l';if.lct, and Bile-
diiigciid. It is 1800 m in length, and,
in fome places, 450 in breadth. It was
known lo the ancients by the names of
Mauritunia, Numidia, Proper Africa,
and Lybia. it is the bef: country in all
Al'iica, except Kgypt ; and fertile in
corn, wine, citrons, orangci, fig»,
almu.idfl, olives, dates, and melons.
Tile chief trade confifts in fruits, in
liorffs, called barbs, Morocco leather,
oftrich feathers, indigo, wax, tin, and
coral. The tftabliflicd religion is Mo-
hamedanifm.

Barbas, a cape of Africai in the At-
lantic ocean. Lon. 16 40 w, lat. it

15 N.

Barbf, St- a town of New Spain, in
New Bifcay, near which are rich filver
mines. It is 500 m nw Mexico. Lon.
107 5 w, lat. 46 o N.

Burberinoy a town of Tufcany, at
the foot of the Apennines, on the river
Sieva, la m n Florence.

Barbezifux, a town of France, in the
department of Charente, with a mineral
fpiing,and a manufacture of linen cloth,
45 m NE Jiourdeanx.

Barbuda, one of the Leeward iflands,
in the W Indies, 20 m long and 10
broad. It has c ^ .)d road for iliipping,
'-ut no direft trade to Britain. The in-
iiabitants, about 1500, are chiefly em-
ployed in raiting corn, and breeding
fwine and fheep, for the ufe of the
neigl bi uring iflands- It is 35 m N An-
tigua. Low. 61 50 w, lat. 17 36 N.

Barby, a town of Upper Saxony,
c<ipital of a county of its name, with
an ancient crlle, and an academical
college, founded by the United Bre-
thren in 1754. It is feated on the Kibe,
15 m SE Magdeburg. Lon. ij 4 t,
lat. 5Z 3 N.

Barcii, a country of Barbary, part of
the ancient Lybia, lying on the coaft of
the Miiiiterranean, between Tripoli
and Ei-'ypt. The s pan is a barren de-
fart iniiabitcd by wandering Arabs.
The N part along the coalls is fertile
and well peopKd. It belongs to the
Turks, aid is governed by a fangiac de-
pendant on the baihavv, whorefides at
Tripoli. It hris a town of the fame
name, on the feacoaft, la m enk Teu-
Lcra, but Derna is the capital.

n A II

Barcelona, a city ot Spn'n, cipital of
Catalonia, and a biibop's fee, with a
harbour on the Mediterranean. It isof
an oblong form, defended by a prodi-
gious citadel on the k, and by a ftrong
fort called Montjouich, which ftanda
on a rocky mountain, a mile w of the
town. It has double walls on the n
and E, and the fea on the .''. with a
mole for the fecurity of (hips. It is
divided ii\to the new and old town, by
a wall ai\d a ditch ; and the tea having
retired conlidirably from the portgatcM,
a whole ([uarter of ihe town now ilandt
on the fands that were once the b >ltom
of the harbour. It has a fine univer-
fity, a cathedral with two lofty towers,
a palace for the viceroy, a large ex-
change, an extenlivc cannon foundery,
an arlenal of vaft extent, and docks for
the building ofgailies. It has manufac-
tures of filk, cotton, lace, and printed
calicos, curious works in glafs, and its
fwords, knives, (hoes, hats, and blank-
ets, are in great reputation. The in-
habitants are computed at more than
150,000. In 1705, it was taken by the
earl of Peterborough, after a fiege of
three weeks. In 1706, Philip v inveft-
ed it with a numerous army, but was
obliged to raife the fiege. In 17 14, it
was taken by the French and .'Spaniards,
and the citadel built to keep it in awe.
It is 250 m li .Viadrid. Lon. a 8 e, lat.
41 23 N.

Barcelona, a town of Terra Firma,
capital of .1 diilrirt of it.s name, in the
province ot Cumaiia. The chief trade
is in beeves and hogs, many of which
are exported alive, and cargoes of jerk-
ed beet" annually fent to Havana. It
ftands on the left bank of the Neveri,
near its mouth, 65 m w by s Cumana.
Lon. 65 15 w, lat. 10 8 n.

Barcelonette, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Alps, feated on
the Hubaye, la m se Embrun.

Barcelore, or Barcura, a town of
Hindooftan, on the coaft of Canara,
which gives name to a diftritfl, but has
been long in ruins. It is 40 m nnw
Mangalore.

Barcelos, a town of Portugal, in
Entre Donro e iMinho, near the river
Cavado, 10 m wsw Braga.

Bardt^ivici, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Luneburg, on the river
llmenau, 17 m se Hamburg.

Bardi, a town of Italy, in Parmefan,
with a magnificent cartle, 30 m sw
Parma.

Bardt, a town of Hither Pomerania,
wiih a caflie and harbour, near the
Baltic, 15 m w by N Stralfund. Lon.
li 0 I, lat. 54 %$ w.

Li

BAR

liarfgfj, a town of Kian<rc, In the dt •
partmriit of Upptr I'yiciucs, imich
tn<)iicntcd on nccoiinl ot its mintral
ImiIh. U isi k'Alcd ill a valley, :4 la »
Tiirhcr

r.ari'li ; fff Ilarriliua.

llarcith ; fee Uayreutlt'

iianlly ; ivi.'. Benillif.

litvfn'ton, .1 town of France, in the
df[).irtiiicit of Mantl.c, jo m i.se
Avi. inches.

iitirji-ur, a town of i'lanco, in the
tlcp-tMnuht of .M.nicht*. It was ruined
by tht; I'^n^'Jilli in i.^'^'' •'*"(' ^'i^' h.iibour
tilled up. Ihe cape of that iiam».' i» ■ j
m K Chcrhurg, and near it pait of the
Trench n.ivy w.ti <!i.llroytd by the Lng.
lilh in l()i)i D.irllcur is i-;'-, m nw
I'aris. Lun. i lo w, iat. 49 40 v.

Dtirqf, or V.arxeu a town of Pied-
mont, 7 ni s Piniroia.

h(ir\i,'uzi'i/i, a town of Siberia, in the
govcinmcnt of Irkutlk, on the ». fide
ot the hike liaihal, at the influx of the
Ijarguzin, 170 m nne Stlentjinlk. Lon.
109 ,0 f , 1 it. 5.< iO N.

i:ari, or Terra di Bari, a province of
K.iplts, bounded on the n and ne by
the 1,'iilfof Venice, si; by Oiranto, sw
l)y Balilicata, and N\v by C'apitanata.
Tiic foil is fertile; but there are many
ferpents and tarantulas, hee Trani

Ban, a fortified feaport of Isaples,
capital of 'IVrra di B:iri, and an arch-
bilhop's fee. It has a good harbour,
and the trade principally confiftb in
olives and almonds. It is feated on the
gulf of Venice, a6 m e by 3 Trani.
Lon. 17 o E, lat. 41 15 N.

Barjolst a town of France, in the
de])artnici:t of Var, 19 m ssw Riez.

Barking, a town in Kllcx, with a
market on .Saturday. It was celebrated
for a magnificent nunnery, of which a
gateway, and part of the walls are (till
vifible- It is ehicfly inhabited by fifhtr-
men, and feated on the Roding, near
the Thames, 7 m e London.

Barletta, a feaport of Naples, in
Bari, with a large ftone pier, and a
trade in corn, almonds, and fait. It is
feated on thegulf of Venice, 25 m wsw
Bari. Lon. 16 31 e, lat. 41 19 n.

Barmouth, a fmall feaport ot Wales,
in Merionethlliire, with a market on
Friday. It has a good trade in flannel
and hofe, and is much frequented in the
bathing I'cafon. It ftaiuls on the Maw,
at its entrance into Barmouth bay, la
m s Harlech, and aaa nw London.
Lon. 3 58 w, lat. 5a 44 n.

Baniitrd (Jajile \ iVi- Bernard Cajlle.

Burnet, a town in Hertfordlhire, with
a market on Monday. Near this place
\vasfoujjht, in 147 ij the dcvifiva battle

n All

between the honfe» of York «nd Lan.
caller ; and at the meetrng of the St.
Alban and Hatlicid rojdit i« a column,
with an infetiption, tu commemorate
this event. Barnet ia 1 1 m n by w Lon<
tKjn.

Hatnevflt, an ifl-ind of S Americi.
to the s of 'JVrra del Fiu'go. Lon. tb
3 8 w, lat. 55 4.) !i.

Banijift/, a town in W Yorkfhire,
with a market on Wednefilay. Here
are conliderable manufai'lurcs of coaric
linen { and in the vicinity are m.uiy
bhaehing grounds, a glafs mamifa«tline,
and ("everal coal mines. The number
of inhabitants was 3606 in 1801, and
5014 in 181 1. It has a canal to the
Caldcr, and another to the Don; and
is feated near the Dearne, 19 m s Ltedi,
and 172 N by w London.

BanijiaffU, a feaport and borough
in Ucvonlhire, governed by a mayor,
with a market on Friday. Ii had for*
merly a caflle, but none of the work*
remain "X'jept the mount. Here are
manufailures of tammies, ftulloonn,
bai/e, &.'c. and a variety of articles are
exported. It is feated on the Taw, 11
m E of Barnflaple bay, in the Bridul
channel, .^5 nnw Exeter, and 191 w
by s London. Lon. 4 5 w, lat. 51 8 n.

Burnjial'le, a town of Maflachufets,
capital of a county of the fame name.
The chief trad* is in the fiflicry, and
many of the farmers are occafionally
feamcn. It is feated on Bafs cieck, on
the s fule of tlic peninfula of Cape Cod,
67ms£Bullon. Lon. 70 i j vv, Jat. 41
43 N.

Baroach, a town and fortrefs of Hin-
dooitan, in Guzerat, with comlderable
manufadures of cqtton ; feated on the
N bank of the Nerbi'dda, 40 m n by e
Surat. Lon. 7a 53 E,lat. ai 45 n.

BarrauXy a fortrefs of France, in the
department of Ifere, at the entrance of
the valley of Grefivauden, and on the
river Ifere, 6ms Chamberry.

Barre, a town of Maffachufets, in
Worcefter county, noted for its butter
and cheefe, 24 m nw Worcefter.

Barriliua, or Bareh, a town and for-
trefs of Napaul. To the n of it is a
grc'at foreft, noted for its excellent tim-
bcr and numerous elephants. It ftands
near the s border of the country, on the
river Jumne, 80 m N Patna, and 95 s
Catmandu.

Barrington, a town of New Hamp*
(hire, in Strafford county, where alum
is found- It is 24 m nw Portfmouth.

Barrington Fort, a town of the (late
of Georgia, feated on the n fide of the
Alatamaha, 50 m wsw Sunbury. Lon.
81 44 w, lat. 31 2j K.

B AS

Bartonvt a rrvcr of Ireland, wMch
rifcs III the N part of Queen county,
,inil llowh «, hy Athy, Carlow, and
JS'ew Hofs, intL) VVatcrford h.iibonr.

HiirrwMt a viMajie in Lt'lccdurtiirf,
on the river Soar, i m n Moiiiitfdrrcl.
It has ft)r ct'rituiicH ln'tn famed tnr a
very Hue liint, in particular ic(|ui 11 fctr
u'orks in water, and it is exported in
large (jiiantiticH.

H<i)tlioto>riei'j, a fmall ifland in the
P.icitic iictan, «mic oi'thc New Ilebridcii.
Lon. 167 lU i', ht. 15 43 8.

Hartholomew, St. u\u; of the Caribo
illands in iht W Jndifs, 54 m in cir-
cumference, and 1.5 N otSt. Cliriftopher.
The Frt'nch ceded it to tlie Swedep in
1785 ; awd it was taken by the Britifh
in 1801. The chii-f exports are drugs
and lignum vital ; and it has a f;ood
harbour. Lon. 63 40 w, lai. 17 46 n.

Bitrtoii', a town in Lincoliiihire, with
a market on Monday It has two large
churclits, and was forimrly a coiilidir-
able place, furroundt-d by a rampart
and fofd, till' remains of which are yet
vilible. Four m ese are the noble
ruins of Thornton abbey. Barton is
featod on the Hiunber, over which is a
Ifiry into Yorl ''lire, ^4 m n Lincoln
and 1O7 London.

Bnrton, a town in Lancafliire, noted
for its trade and manufactures, 'llie
inhabitants were 6197 in lUoi, and 6948
in 181 1. It is leaitd on the Irwell and
tiieduke of Brid^ewater's canal, 6 m sw
Manchefler.

Bnruth, a town of Lufatia, on the
frontiers of Brandenburg, a6 m s by b
Potfdam.

Harutli, a town of Syria, with a chrif-
tian church, 30 m ne Scyda.

Bofurtj'chickt a town of Kuropean
Turkey, in Komania. It has a jireat
trade, and is featcd on the river Meiiiz.

Lull. 34 40 b, lat. 4 2 19 N,

Bafcl, or Bajk, a canton of Swid'er-
land, 24 m long and ai broad ; bounded
on the N by lirifgau, k by the toreft
towns, s by the canton of Soleure, and
w by the bifhopric of Bafel and France.
It eoniains about 38,000 inhabitants,
and is of the Calvinift religion.

Bcifcly the capital of the canton of
the fume name, and tiie largfft city in
Svvillerland. It is furrounded by thick
walls flanked by towers and baltioiis ;
and is divided into two parts by the
Khine, which communicate by a hand-
fome bridge. The largeft part is on the
fide of Swifl\rland, and the lead on that
of Germany. The larger has five gates,
fix fuburbs, nuniiTons Itreets and foun-
tains, and ib partly fcated on a hill ; the

DAS

other ftandson a pl.iin. an<l has but twf*
LMte^, with ffvcr.il llmtsand fouiitains.
ill*- principal cliincli iu an elegant Go-
thic buiiiling, but di.sti;jiired by lulcco-
loiind paiiu fpicui over the wlnli' edi-
fice. Oiidt r a mi'rble tumb in il in m-
tcnt'd the ijreit I'.ialiniis. Thf (own-
In ule, anil tint' pamtiiips in fr«fc'o, are
irucli admired. I he iiiiiv»rlity,f('iind-
etl III i.»;,9, has a line lihr.iry, and a rich
caliinct of medilf*. I'llel has fevcr.il
iii.iiiul.iCtuM'i, paiticiiliily of paper,
rib.uids, and cottons; and it carries on
an exttnlivc trade. Three treaties of
peace were concluded lieic in 1795,
with the French n-pulilic ; namely, by
I^ruflia, Spain, and llelleCanil. Bafcl
ift capable of containing 100,000 inha-
bita;:t»; la'' the immbrr is fearcely
moie than 14,000. It is 174 m N by K
Geneva, and 150 t by s Paris- Lon. 7
30 F., lat. 47 .15 N.

UaJvU Bi,hohric of, lately a territory
In the Nw p ift ot Sv dFulaud ; bounded
on the N by (Jermany, K by the canton
of Jiafel, s by that of Sokurc, and w
by France. The biibop v\ as a prince of
the German empire, and the capital waa
Por«Mitru. In 1798, the French fei/.ed
on tlii» territory, and added it to tht:
department of Upper Kliinc.

Bailee, an ifland in the China fea,
the moft eaftern of a clufter called, from
this, the Balhet; iflands, lying to the s of
Formofa. The pr«)diidion8 are plan-
tains, bananas, pineapples, fugar -anes,
potatoe,", yams, and cotton. The qua-
drupeds are goatt: and hogs. Hafliec is
of a circular form, fix m in diameter,
and has a ..own of the fame name. Lon.
121 50 E, lat. ao 30 N.

BuJlUbiitay a province of Naples,
bounded on the N by Capitanata and
bari, E by the gulf of Tarauta, s by
Calabria C'itra, and w by Prlncipato
Citra and Ujtri. It has Ibme moun-
tains continually coveied with I'liow,
but is fertile in corn, wine, oil, cotton,
honey, and faftion. Acerenza is the
capital.

BajUlpotamo, a river of European
Turkey, iu Morca, which flows into
the gulf of Colocythia. h was called
Eurotes by the ancients.

Bafinyltake^ a corporate town in
Hampflmc, with a markit on VV'cdnef-
day. It has a great trade in corn and
malt, a manufadture of druggets and
flialloons, and a navigable canal to the
river Wey, near its entrance into ihe
Thames. It is 18 in nni; Winclieflcr,
and 45 w by s Lonilon.

Buffjuei., A late territory of Fiance,
whicU included Lower Navarre, La^

1

1

1^

P

I

ll

1

I

n

;;i- ',

liajjuHOf A lovvn of Italv, in Vict-n-
tliK), oil the river Brcnta, in a country

HAS

boil d, «n»l S.mlc, md now furmi. with
Ikkrn, the tUp.irtnMnt of lower Tyre-
nen.

lin/i, .in itifiilatrd roci* iicar the coaft
of ScotUiul, at the rrtrjlicc of Ihr liith
o»"lt)rth, liclwrcn lh«' towns ol N Ber-
wick ami Diiiihar. It is iiiacccflibic on
all fultH. txccpt the Nv\, anil th«re it m
with iliHicuity a man ear* dim!) up by
the help of a rope or laiUlcr. In May
mill June it Ih coveroil with the iitib,
ej,'i;s, anil yoiiiig birds of tlie ganneis,
or folan gccfe. The rock in one mile
In tircuinfircncf, anti a ruinous callle,
onct> the Aatc prifon of Scotland. Hands
at the edjs'f of tlic precipice. 'Hie gar-
rifon, in 1 694, fiirrcpdt red to king Wil-
liam, and th-: fortifications were de-
niiililhi-d.

llnfj Suait, a channr! abont 40
Itngiirs w Ktf, which fcj arates Van Dic-
intn Land from the s t'xtremity of New
Holland. It was difcoviTcd in 171^8, by
furpion Hafs, in an open wlinleboat, and
palled through by him and lieutiMiant
Fiiniitrs. in ihi- Norfolk, in 1799. It is
crofl'ed by a chain of fmall ifianda.

Italv,
ita, in

?rodu(f^ive of t-xcillcnt wine and oil.
'he French defeated the Auftrians at
this place in 1796. It is 18 m n Vi-
ccnza.

Laje, a town of France, in the de-
partmtnt of Nord. formerly of grcai
Itrenptii, but difmantlcil by Lewis xiv.
It is ftaicd on the Dcule, 18 ni sw
Line.

liajjtfth a town of Hindooftan, in
the country of I)apl;ma. Jt was taken
by the F.nglilh in 17M0, but rcftored to
the Mahrjilta'' in 17H3. It ftands on the
feacoall, uppohle the Nw point of the
ifland of Sallcttc, 20 m N Bombay.
Loii. 72 4C E, !,it. !9 20 N.

ta£enthwii!te- 'waiei-t a lake in Cum-
ber!.uu', 3 m Nw Ktfwick. It is 4 tn
lonj;, Loundtd ( p one lidc by hij^h hills,
wooded, in many place:,, to their bafcs ;
on tliw- other, by tli' helds and the
Ikirts of.Skiddaw. The livcrDerwent
flows thiiiugh its whcl..' hiigth.

I'lajjlirrrr^ the c;:pit.il of St- Chrif-
topher, l)iiilt by llic Freiicli, when this
part oltlic illand was in ilieir pofllf-
licii, bv.'1'ore it was ceded to IheEiiglilh
in 1713. It is lituatc on the sk end of
tht! illnnd, hasa confuleiablc trade, and
i'l defended by three forts. Lon- 63 13
v, lat. \j JO s.

EaJJ'eterref the capital of Guada«
loupe, oil the sw part of the ifland,
defended by a citadel and other forti-
fications. LoD. 61 59 w, lat. 15 .59 N.

BAT

PuiJItUt or Prr/dtim, a citr of P<^n,
cipiMl of the province of Banirn. It
i.i a tradiiiK pl.icr, fituate on a river of
the fame namr, which i» th«; vr brAiich
of the Irrawaddy, no m (iw Pegu.
Lon. 94 5j K, lal. 1(51 N.

lUiji'nrtt, or V^ofra% a city «nd fcaporl
of Aliatic Turkey, in Irak Arabi. It
Hands nii the RuphratcD, a c.mal fn^m
which ilivides the city into two partn,
and over it is a bridge of boats. Mrr-
chaiits of Arabia, Turkey, Armenia,
and Clreece, and many Jews ate.l In-
dians refidc here ; the Englifli and
Dutch have their confula, and their
Ihips come loaded with .ill the mcr-
chandife of India, which are conveyed
hi -'cc to Bagdid, Aleppo, ("onftanti-
nople, and even to the Mi'diterranean
Ihore. The neighbouring countrifi
furnifli alfo merchandifc for exchange ;
the moll conlideraSle of which are the
ancient copper of I'erli.'s, pearls, grain,
dates, wine, and dry iVuits. Baffora
belongs rather to the Arabs than the
Turk!!, the language of the former is
cliielly fpoken, and their prince payi
but little refpcdt to the Ottoman court.
The number of inhabitants is computed
to be 50,000. The city is furrounded
by a wall of clay, faid to be 6 m in cir-
cumference : the ftrccts r • bad and
narrow, and the houfes ha/e a mean
afpcft. It is 40 m nw of the mouth of
the Euphrates in the gulf of Pcrfia, and
190 sw Ij'pahan. Lon. 47 35 e, lat. 30
3' N.

Jiiftla, a feaport of European Tur-
key, in Albania, oppoftte 'the ifland of
Corfu, at the mouth of the Calamu.
Lon 20 ao k, lat. 39 40 n.

liajlia, a city of Corfica, Capital of
the illand, with a good harbour and a
flrong callle. It was taken by the
Fiii^lifli in 1794. It is 80 m ssw J eg-
hoin. Lon. 9 20 e, lat. 4a 38 n.

liajVula, a town of Spain) in Bifcay,
17 m ssw Vitoria.

linjltnientos, fmall iflandi near the
illhm'us of Darien, at the entrance of
the bay of Nombre de Dios, with a
fort, and a good harbour, l^on. 79 45
w, lat. 9 30 N.

Bajlofrtiff a city of the Netherlands,
in Luxemburg, near the foreft of Ar-
dennes. It was fortified by the French
in 1 683, and being fovery populous and
well built was frequently called Paris
in Ardennes. It is 43 m nnw Luxem-
burg. Lon. 55a E,lat. 50 o n.

BaJkvapMttanat a town of Hindooftan,
in My lore, with a fort and a celebrated
mofque, 60 m e by n Nagara.

BatabanOf a town on the s coaft of

Cuba, (itu.ite on

1>:

iiig iflandi, and li

« A T

Cubx, litii.ite oil tlu' N Hito of ii liirfte
b^y. oppulitc l'int)>t inaiitl, <;<; m nmv
M'V.iiia. I. nil. Ui () w. I»t. ;, i so N.

Untni-ulu, a town on tlic n co.i(l of
Ccyloii, with n (umII toit, aii'l a liar-
hiiiii tliat .1 linit^ ol' (iiVkll cr.ii't. it i:i
6j III » hy V. 'rriiioni.iKv

hiitiil/.'ii, ,1 town (if' l'(irtii;7.il, In Mf-
tri'm.uliii.i, crlihi.ucil for it;i rich mo-
iiadcry, tuinulcil iii ij^M hy John i.
who IS interred hen-, with his quccii
i'liilippa. It is 8 in khw L«ira.

liatai'ecli, a town tt' Lower Ihmgary,
on the DaiiiibC) yo n\ 8 Itiula. Lon> k;
;o t. Lit. 46 15 N.

liittuviih thf ai.cii'nt name of an
illaiiil in Holland, b'ec l\tHWf.

Butavia- a city a'ul Icaport on the
NW p.iit of Java, capital of the coniitry
of J/tcatra, and the whole iilaiui, M\i\.
l.itt'lyof all tlic Dutch Itllli'mentu in the
£ Indii'9. Thr fort is built of coial
rock, brought fror^ fomc (f the adjoin-
ing idandi, and has a fortiitcation of
brick,. A part of the town wall iti bii'lt
of dcnfc lavrt from the mountainn in the
centre of Java. No Hone, of any kindi
is ;'> be found for many miles biyonrl
this city ; but marbh? and gr.initi; are
brought here from China. The Inr-
bour is excellent, and there are canals in
the principal ftrccts, planted on each
fide with treeo. Oatavia contains a
prodigious number of inhabitants, of
every country in thef: parts. It has a
handfome hofpital and arfcnal ; and all
the goods brought from other pans of
the E Indies are laid vp here, till they
are exported to their places of deflina-
tion. The city furrendered to a Bri-
tifli force in lUn. It is fituate amid
fwaa* -)9and llagnant pools, which, with
the fogs and climate, render the air un-
wiiolefome to European:. Lon. 106 54
K, lat. 6 12 8.

Batcolft a tow'i of Uindooftan, on
:he coaft of v'anara. The country pro-
duces a great quantity of pepper. It is
10 m N Harcelore.

Bath, a city in Somerfetfliirc, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market on
Wedntfday and Saturday. It hii been
famous, from the time of tin- Romans,
for its hot fpriii,'s, which are not only
ufed as baths, but internally as a me-
dicine ; and great benefits are derived
from them in gouty, paralytic, biliniis,
and other cafes. The reputation of
thefe waters has fo much increal'ed,
that Bath is become the principal re-
fort, next to the mctropoliii, for the
nobility and gentry, and the conftant
refidence of many opulent invalids, as
well as of numerous votaries of difll-
pation. The poor who come here to

nAT

diink lli« w.ilcn, may he r^Cflvttd into
j» mai^nifioi-rit hofpit.il. The hillis.uc
diniii|."ii(lii<l by the it.im«!U)f ilic Crofd^
the Hot, llic Kirtg'i, lli<' t^ten*, the
(Corporation, and the duke of King*
lion li.tth. 'I'hiii rity conjoined v.itli
Well;, conftitut.' (Ill • Mlhopiic TIii»
cathc'.Iral was lltf chinch of a mon.ii-
tery; ind tiureareeiKlU piri(hchur,'he»>
be|j<L fhapeli and me«'tlii;;-lu)ufe».
H.itli (XC'cdii eviry town in I'liiiland
ill Iplw'iiddur and elegance of b'tihlings ;
ihey lieing coull. uiitcd ot a white (loiw,
and nuiiy of thcii (] lilc op> n to thu
country. 'I'lic immbiT of itihaliitiiiti
was \i,itiQ ill 18s I, and ;, i,4ij6 in lUi 1.
It is feat ;d on the Avon, which is n.ivi-
gable hence to the fi'a, 13 m ksb Bii-
fa)l, and 106 w London. Lon. % 21
w, lat. 51 :i N.

lhitli,A town of the diftriJl of Main»',
ill Lincoln county, on the w (ide of llje
Ivcnebe ■, i ] n\ sw of Wifcafiet.

lUit/i, a tou'ii of Virginia, in Bcrke-
by county, ii.ted for its warm Ipiingi ;
lit lale at the foot of a mountain, 45 m
NE Alexantlria.

Ifii.'/i. a town of Virginia, chief of a
county of the fame name. Here are
hot medicinal fprings, mar the foot of
a mountain. It flands near Jacklbn
river, a br.inch of the James, i.jo m vr
IVedeticfburg. Lon. 80 10 w, lat.
38 10 N.

Jjat/i, a town of New York, in Steu-
ben county, fcated near the fource of
the Tioga, 4a m sk VVilliamlburg.

Hatha ; fee llach.

]iat/iji;ate, a town of Scotland, in
Linlithgowibire, which has a maiiufac
ture of mudin, .and exttnfive qu.ii rie»
of freeftone. It is iS m w by a Edin-
burg.

Uathuml, a town of Afiatic Turkey,
in Guriel, at the mouth of a river of
the fame name, in the Black lia, 3a m
N by E (5onieli.

liattiir, ov liatinda, a town of Uin-
dooftan, ill the province of Moultan,
1 10 m tsi Moiitiaii, and i;o n\v Agi-
nierc.

liaio, one of thf; Ladrone iflands.
Lon. 14S0 1:, lat. 120 N.

liatod, a fmall ifland in the Indian
ocean, near the w lide of Sumatra, on
the equinoctial line, in lon. c(8 o e.

liattfnbur'it ^ town of Iv '.land, in
Cn'ldcrland, with a caftle on the n banlf
ot th(> Meufe, 10 m f^w Nimeguen.

Uattevburf^, a town and caftle of
Germany, in Upper IlL-fle, feated on
the Edcr, 14 m n .Marburg.

Battei-fea, a village in Surry, 4 m wsw
London. Here was the feat of the St.
•Johns, where the famous lord BoUn-

•TfiltJ*

t ■ 7 ■ f>

if

ii '

in

n A V

l.frtVe wai born, ,inil tlinl- On the If^
of ii now ftand « diUilltry anil j (h)M-
r.nnul iiir mill. Hcif in.i nmbrr biulgc
over thi' Tlinnr" l«» Chrllrn.

Uutlict/n, * fortrif^on tlir r. ruli* of
Ciyl»)ii» bill'' l»y thi' Diiuli. It i» of
grr.it imp'>it.nicf, on .ictoiint of I he
fr.«rpm<' fntility nf thr adjiant coiiri-
fry wliiih, diirln^,' .i wir, or timrn of
fiarcity, in the <li(liii'l of Triiicomalc,
C.4U fiipply the g.irrifo'H thcrr with '"'
kiniln «)f pr«)vilU);m. It fnrrfinlcrfd to
thr Knyhlli in I7(>«'i; and ih liiiiitrat
thf Ii:?.id of a d« < p bay, 54 m fcsn Trin-
com.ilr.

Until-, .1 town in Sti(V«'x, with ;« m^r*
kf't on 'I'lMirfd.iy. Hctwciti thi* phicc
and llinin^'s, Williini duke of Nor-
mandy dtlt.itt'd ll,irt)ld kin>r of V.w^-
land, in fo66, and in nn'mory of this
vielory tic founded Inrc an abbey, which
from its rcmaiiiH .ipprars to have bi't'n
mi^jnificfiii. This town is famoun for
a m.nnufatfturcot pimpowdtT. It in 14
m K Lcw«'',.nid /-/i mh Londnn.

liiitllfjiel<l, a villagf.' in Shrnpfliir",
5 m N Shrcwfbnry, Ib'rc the dccilive
victory wan g.iiiu'd by Henry i", over
Iliiny Percy, Airnair.cd llotCpnr.

lluuculln, a town of Ilindoollan, in
Can.ir.i, with two moiqiics, and upward
of 70 tcmpit*. If. is fcaied near the
in«)nth of the S.mcada, which water* n
beautiful valley, 17 m nnw Kiindapura.
liavfit'my'y circle of CJermany, bound-
ed on the w by Siiibia, NW by Franco-
Ilia, NE by Hoheniii, v. by Aultria and
Stirii, and s by Carinthia and Tyrol. It
contains Uav.iria Proper, the palatinate
of Ihvaria, the principalities of Katif-
bon, Freifeneen, and PaHan, and the
duchies of Ncubcrg, Suizbach, and
Salzburg.

lictTuria Proper, a dnchy and the
principal part of the circle of Bavaria.
It is 12; m long and H7 broad, and di-
vided into Upper and Lower Bavaria.
Toward the s the country is mountain-
ous, intcrfeded with forefts, lakes, mo-
rafies, and paflurts ; and toward the
N arelnrgf plains which produce plenty
of corn ; there are liktwife many fait
works, medicinal fprings and baths,
mines of copper, filver, iind lead, and
tjiiarrics of excellent m;irblc. The prin-
cipal rivers are the Danube, Inn, Ifer,
and Nab. Tlie inhabitants are deemed
tjje mod zealous catholics in Europe.
The capital is Munich.

Ji(i'vnna,PaIntif?ate of, a duchy, fome-
times called i\orJi{''u, from its lituation
in Mu! N part of the circle of Bavaria,
and f )metimes the Upper Palatinate, to
diftinj,'uiib it from the late palatinate
of the Rhine, often called the Lower

n .\ Y

P.»Ii»in.it^ T' it vrry frrtlfr, «nil w^-
• trrd by the Ntb, «nd frvrrd frnnUer
rlvfrM. Thi* c1tpit.1l ii And)erir.

//«t'/i,y, a town of F.anrf, in the dr-
pArtmiiit ot Nord. It w;ili.ikrn i)ylhr
Aiiltrianii in 1791, hut trcovttrd tlir
fame yrir. It ii 6 tn nk ^uefnoy, and
Ii kw Mom.

Ihiut(e, a town of Francf, In ih»» At-
pirlmrntot Mayi-ene .tnd I oiic. IcateU
on the Corfnon, iH m v- An/crs.

Hoideiih, A town of Ilin«lo<»ftan, in
nrn^r.d.on the Uft bank of the Danube,
Xi, m NK Moorlbfd.di.id.

liiuime Ut Sones, a town of I'rancr,
in thf depattmcnt of Doubt. It h^t ,1
nunnery, trom which if reciivpd its .ap-
pellation ; and is fcatcd on the Doubi,
I J m mi; HifitKjoti.

Hanrnan IjliDidi, three ifl.indi in f.it?
Pacific ocean, cbfcovcred by Hatitnan, a
Dutchm.m, who accomp.uiitd Ko^'^je-
Win, in I77i They are covered with
fruit tr«e», and divers forts of vegetabltii.
The inhabitants are numerous, and arm*
ed with bowH .«nd arrows; but of a yen-
tie ^nd humane difpofition, and friendly
to Itrangers. 'I'he largefl' illand i» about
ai m in circumlercncc. Lon. 170 0 w,
lat. (4 o s.

lliiujii, or ^rtttr<'o,atownof Courland,
on the frontiers of Poland, with a caftic
on a rock. It is feated on the Mufza,
15 m .sK Mittaii.

hautzrn, or Builijfen, the capital of
Upper I ufitia, with a citadel on a rock,
called Ottenburg. The trade ariling
from various manufniSures is confider.
able. It (lands on the Spree, ,•^0 m k by
N Drcfdon. Lon. 14 7,0 K, lat. .51 10 k.
Bnuxt a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mouths of the Rhone,
feated on a rock, at the top of which is
a caftle, 10 m v. by n Aries.

B(4wtn/,d town in W y(irkfhire,with
a market on Saturday. It has a trade
in lead, millfloncs, and grindfloncs ;
and is Icated on the river Idle, 9 m $
by F. Doncafter, and 153 n London.

Dai/a, or Baja, a town of Lower

Hungary, on the Danube, 32 m n EiVek.

B(it/a, a feaport of Guinea, on the

Gold coaft, 60 m tSE Acra. Lon. i 50

t, ht. 5 45 N.

Bnijamo, a town on the f. part of
Cuba, on the river Eftero, which forms
a bay on the coaft, ao m below the
town. It gives name to a channel, be-
tween Cuba and the iflpnds called the
Queens Ciardens, and is do m wsw St.
Ja^^'o. Lon. 77 20 v\-, lat. 20 45 n.

Baya:tid, a city of Turkifli Armenia,
with a ftrong caftle on a hill. It is fur-
rounded by a wall and ramparts, and is
governed by a pacha. Here is a no-

Bayomi, a town ol
on a fmall gulf of
,1 convenient harboi
Tiiy.

i/</yo;»«^acityant
in the department ol
and a biOtop's fee-
Ailo'ir unite their ft
Jkof the city, and
at the diftanc. of a
which is deeper and i
Aclour, divides the t
iqiiil parts, the fn:
called the Bourgnei
They have a conmii
timher bridges. A b
mouth of the Adon
trance of thtr harbc
citadel is the ftrongt
a frontier barrier km
cathedral is remarka
of the nef, and the i
Iirs which fupport
we.ipon the ba/Onet,
thincity.in which it w
chocolate of Hayonne
alfo exports wines, w(
cottons, &c. Thechi
ol its rtlition with Sp,
ot'empuriumfor then
country, it is 25
4i5 8 by w Paris. L(

29 N.

Rnypour, a town (

I 'he province of M.i

cipable of receiving v

't is 1.5 m s by t Calii

liuyreutfi, or Bardth

Jnia, cipital of a princi

I name, with a pal.ice,

I a fiinoui college- ^

apital of

a rock,

aril'ing

confidcr-

m f. by

5 r 10 K.

the ilfi*

lllione,

which is

ire, with

.1 trade
dftones ;

9 m s
don.

Lower
N Eirek.

on the
iOn. I 50

part of
ch forms
;low the
nnd, he-
\\Wi\ the
wsw St-

/Armenia,
It is fur-
ts, and is
is a mo*

BAY

ftjftfry fimoim for its archile^urf, an*
tii{Ui(y» And gr.inili'ur. It i% litii.itc on
the cnnfinci ol Fcrli.i, an J at the foot
uf Mount Ar at. iH > m r»K Er/,cruiu.

Lon. 44 "5 »» ••»* .19 ».< >••

Hntftrj'ilorf, A town of l'r.inc'on"n, in
the pirincipjiity of U.iyrcuih, with .1 f^it
.)!' jiidlce and .1 large fynngoguei fvatcd
on the Kcdnit/, 4 m x KrUng.

Buffujt, n town of Fimoco, in the dr.
p^rtmcnt of Cilvxlnn, and a hiOiop'i
friv The cathcdr.jl i» very noble, and
thfrr arc iVventft-n other chnrehes. I'hc
vhicf trade in in leather. It in feated on
the river Anrr, 4 m fr<»m the laiglilh
channel, and 140 w by n Tans. Lon.
041 w, lat. .)o 17 M.

BaiUn, a town of Spain, in And ilu-
f[\. III iHo8,thcSp,iiii.iid'. dill ifrd ihr
French near thiit place. It it ao in n
Jean.

Unyon^ a town of France, in the de-
partineiiiof Meurthe, on the river Mo-
fi'llc, n m« Nancy.

Bayonit, a town of Spain, in Oalicia,
on a fniall K>'lf *>^ the Atlantic, with
f, convenient harbour, i » in w by n
Tuy.

i/<;y(?««^ acityand fciport f France,
in the department of Lowrr Pyn-iuvs,
ind a bidiop's fee- Th«' Nive anil
Adonr unite their flreatna in the mid-
Jlffof the city, and proceed to the fea,
it the diftanc. of a mil*'. The firit,
which is deeper and more rapid than the
Ailour, divides the town into two un-
('i]iiil parts, the fmalleft of which is
called the Bonrgneuf, or new town.
They have a communication by three
timber bridges. A bank of fand, at the
mouth of the Adonr, renders the en-
trancr of the harbour diflRcnlt. The
citadel is the fliongeft in France, and
J frontier barrier toward Spain. The
cathedral is remarkable for the height
ofthe nef, .ind the delicacy of the piU
l.irs which fupport It. The military
weapon the bay\)net, bears the name of
this city,in which it was invented. The
chocolate of Hayonnc is famous; nnd it
alio exports wines, woollen cloths, lilkf:,
cottons, &c. The chief trade arifes out
of its relation with Spain, and it is a kind
ofcmporium for the inerchandife of that
country. It is 35 m sw Dax, and
4:5 s by w Paris- Lon. i 29 w, lat- 43

19 N.

Bni/pour, a town of Ilindooftan, in
ilie province of Malabar, on a river
cipable of receiving velH-ls of 400 tons.
It is 11; m s by t. Calicut.

Uuyreutli, or Bareith, a city of Franco-
nia, capital of a principality of the fame
name, with a palace, a fine caftle, nx\i\
' famoui college- Near it, forming a

nr. A

kind of fiibur^i, \\ the town of OHIh
gi'n, which h.i« a Liru*' eaflle, x m^nit*
fatflnre of cxcellmt nrown and wliit<f
porcelain, ,in«l .( hoiifr of cornVlion, in
which the marbh- of the coiiiury in p«>«
lillird by m«an« of ,1 ni »« hine. |t4 1 ^i^^,
the archivcii of th« ptinei|Mlity were
brought to llayrcilth Irom Plaireiiliiirg \
fee t'ulmhiifh. Hay rent l< is \x \w K
itambcrg. Lon. 11 44 », lit. 41; f f; n.
tiaza, a town of Spam, in (iian id.i,
built at the loot of a hi^h monntain.
The front of the mMkcthoulV i» fup«
porti'd by nine iron eannoo, which, la
14M1), aided in lakinK thii plu-r Irom
the MoorK. It ii }i m vs*. Gu.idik.

V.iixarJiiik, a town of Luropean Tur-
ki-y, in Biilitiria, on the livrr Marilla,
14 in NNW Philippopoli, and 50 ksk
Sofia.

haztij, a town o( I'r.ince. in the de-
partment of (fironde, aiidl.itely anepiC-
copd fee. It is feated on a rock, j m
from the river Ciaronne, and 4a SR
Ilourdeaux. Lon. o 1 w, lat. 44 n y.

lieachif ///Yi</, the hi(;hell proiuontorf
on the !» coad of Kiivjlind, bctwei-n
IlaUingi and Seaford, in Sulfcx. Lon.
o io K, l.at. 50 44 N.

lieucomfteldy a town in MucklnRliam-
Hiire, with a market on Thurftiay. 'I'he
poet Waller lived here, and is interred
III the churchyard. It is feated 011 a
hill, i? mih'H WNw London.

lirnniinjler, a town in DorfetOiire,
with a market on Thurfrlay, and m.mu-
fadnrcs of cinvas, iron, and copper.
This place fnflV-red greatly by liri- in
17B1. It is 15m WNW Dv)rcheller,
and 13a w by « London.

liearn, a late province of France, 40
m long and 30 broad ; bounded on the
B by Bigorrc, s by Spanilh Navarre, and
N by Gafcony and Armagnac. 'I'hc
plains are fertile, efpecially in pnftures,
and the hills are loaded with viiiea. It
now forms, with Bafques, the depart-
ment of Lower Pyrenees.

licatt 'V/. a town of France, in the
department of Upper Garonne, the
lioufes built of marble, there being no
other flotie in the neighbourhood. It
is feated on the Garonne, la m SbE St.
Bertrand.

licnucnire, a town of France, in the
department of Gard, fituate on the
Rhone, oppofitc Tarafcon, with which
it has a communication by a bridge of
boats. Much trade is carried on here,
and its annual fair, held 'ior ^\%. days, i«
one of the mofl famous in I'-urope. It
is 1 1 m E Nifmes.

Jieauce, a latti province of France,
between the Ifle of France, Blafois, and
Orleanois. It is fo fertile in wheat, that

I .•!

l-'^i^kM^

\m

r-ff

''-iH

|L J j^ :

">w1

HK£!S

.^nl

Wl

''■1

Hi

j|n

B

".I. '

It;

«'

i:

n F A

It f« mflfd tht prutidrv of P.irlii. !» now
forn>« fh (l»-p,irtn in» > » K»re 4»hJ J.-Mr.

Hftin/trl, A t|inr<> of M C.moIiim,
which lir»»«t iMi fcKiMft Jwlwfin < uiii.
bdhci' •tnil iviihi 'Ivir*. Ifu' N pirt
b«» for.'ft* -r c^prt^■•^ *t"il ihi* ItiuU
priM*uc>' rii**, III ' i{ '• &!'• C oil'
w;i)('hi<' \s fl • t*it>l(.il

llaii/.,rl, I ftnrorf «'f S Cirolin.i,
In (ii.tiivillc C'Miiily. The conrtk for<
lUcrly ht «t ItiTf .ir<* now removal u»
C< nMw.iti'Hir. It > iH a (-trf and cum*
ni<Ntioii« harlioiir ; .mkI i> lUti itr on tht*
ill III. I m" Pint Uov«l. .»"; m "^v Ch.ulcf-
lon. Ion Ho 4'i w, l.it. )2 ^0 M-

lifni/.rt, .1 f«Mp(»rt o^ N Cirolin.i,
c!iiif own of CarliTi't county It i«
fitiiatr I'll tht* N> liitfot Con* t'i)i|ii(t,
55 m xi». Ni'wbern. Lon. ;; lo w, l.it-
14 ,iH N.

hftiti/irt, .1 town of FiMMCC, In the
dcp.ii tmciif ol M.iy< niir niul Loire, with
a iMllIc, 15 rn I. Anm'ri.

liiait/ort, a town of Savoy, on the
river On MK i* m sv. Monticr.

Ihaiii^f>uy, a t«i\/n ot I'l.inci', in the
dcpartiiifiit of Loire, f.nnous for its
witKH i fiMtcil on (he river Loire. 6 ni
%v OrltM'H.

Uniiijm, .-4 town of Trnncc, in ilic
dcpirtment of Rhone, with an aneirut
caftic} featcd on the Arditre, at tijc
foot of a mountain, 13 m nnw Ville-
francht.

Heaiijo/Jf, a late province of I'rancr,

Jo m long and 24 broail. It lieit n° of
-yonois, and both of tlicm now iDrni

tlic drpirimciit of Uhouc.

BfauUt/, i river ot' Scotiiind. in Iii-
vernefsfliirc, formrd by the union of
the riviilctH Farrar.Cannich, and Glafn,
on the border;! of Rolhlhire. K takes
A NV. couife. and aftt r lorniingtiie fails
of Kiimorack and otlier cafcadcH, flowj
to the town of Ri'aulty, where it eutcra
the hi'ad of Moray frith.

liiau/ey, a town of Scotland, in In-
verni'fKniirc, at the month of the river
JJcaulty, I J m nw Invcrnefs.

lii-aiilifu, a viil.igc in Ilatnpfliirf, on a
river of it:i name, 6 m ssw Southamp-
ton. It has a maiuifaiitnre of ciiarfe
facking ; and on the oppofite iide of
the river are the remains of its famous
abiicy, founded by king John.

BemdieUi a tmvn of France, in the
department of Indre and Loire, fituatc
on the Indrcf, oppofite Lochen.

BeatimarchrZi a town of France, in
the department of Gers, 13 m w Ali-
rande.

Beaumaris, a borough of Walcn, and
the county-town of Angiefcy, governed
by a mavor, with a market on Wedncf-
4ay and Saturday, it ftands on the

n r, c

(Ifilt nf M»*nal, w«ti fl»t\^t^\ wl»h s
e lOli- by Filw.ird ». and h«« .1 y.oih\ har-
hoMt The number of i' hiltiiatili wai
i(7rtln iKoi, o'd iRioiii ilii. It i*
59 in v> by N ( ht Wtr, out i^i nw l.oti*
tloii I in 4 I ^ ^>, U'. s\ tS **•

Lfttiimont. .1 town of t'raiire, in tlie
dtp.irtmrnt of Nord, feaii-d iwivvtr,,
the M.iere utid S.imbrf, 10 m E Mau>
beUKC-

tWtiumonl Je i>epnttj(nr, n town of
France, in llie dip.ntmrnt of Uppif
f<ar< iiiic, fcittckl oil the (jimonci 11 m
• » Lit^kourc.

lUoumoHl If lloger, a towiinf Fr.ii ' •,
in tht(!cpnrtmintof Lower Seine, n.,\
^w Uiiueii.

I'ftnnnoHi U /irow/**, atownof Friincr,
in tlie dcp.iilincnt of Satte, 10 in .h
Manx.

t'ft^iimfitit fur f)i/et .1 town of Fr.inrc,
ill th.' 'I'p.irlment of Seine md Olli',
on the river Oifc, ao m n Pari).

Jiraiint, t\ town of France, in the dc*
partment of C<''ied'()r, rcmarkal»Ie for
it:i excellent wine. It i» 2$ m %t\i
Dijon.

Haiufnit, a ciiy v\' France, capi'.il
of the department of Oife, and lately
an epiCcop.il U':- The cithedral U kj.
mired for its line arcliileiihire ; and tfi:
cliurch of St. Steplicn is remarkable fur
its cnrlour window!). If wa« bencjifd
in 1.16 I, by the diikc ot Hurgundy, .r>
the held of 80,000 men, when th'
women, under th<f eonduiJl of Jean de
Uaehi'tte, obliKe<l the duke to raife lli';
fiCK'e. Tlie iniiihitatiis carry on a pood
tr.ide in beautiful tap» liry. It is fealtd
on the Thefin, 4s m N l*.iri«. Lon. 1 5
E, lat. 49 a6 N.

lieatn'oir, a town of Franco, in tin.*
department of Vendee, on the Lay oi
Difcay, 31m nvw Sables d'Olonne.

licUiniffttt a town of Suabia, in flu*
duchy of VVirtembuip, with a callle ou
a hill, 10 m NW Stutij.ird.

liec, a town of France, in the depart-
ment of Lower Seine, with a noble He-
nedidine ablu-y, 18 m ;.w Rouen.

lieccleu a corporate town in Suffolk,
with a market on Saturday. It hasa
noble church, with a lofty fteeple ; and
a ^'rammar fchool, endowed with 10
fcholarfliips for F-manuel college, Cam-
bridge. It is fe.ited on the Waventy,

11 m .sw Yarmouth, and 109 ne Lon-
don.

Htcerril, a town of Spain, in Leon,

12 m NW Palentia.
litc/iin, a town of Bohemia, capital |

of a circle of the fame name, in which
a»-e feveral medicinal fprings and mineil
ot fdt. It has an ancient fortified caf-
tlcj and ftandb on the river Laufnitz^if

m •« hy w Pr4Bue
41 »'» V,

Hituni, 4 town I
pnn.ip.,|j|yof ^„

tlie Vcrre, ijmW

If'-titU, 4 town I

' rnir .» nii T,„.(

nimiil, irtd iaa VN

If liirifujt, .1 toy

d'pirtirunt of Hei

'^H'hire mC .buirtt i.,

"'ifT" I fe.ited on L

Le/l«T»i,

H'-»Uifiiftn»i, !\ vil

'""• of Hi,.. ,„.,„y (-,1^
rHideiice of ij.|,.f
I'liireh ii I fj,„(,j,.
me imiiiii r of ,1 ,,,i\

Ili'.l.H. 01 U.lii'tV,
■< "» VV Lrwu, .„.;i,
•fiich rnten the I
Nfv Sli(ir,li.,,r,.
/Wi"/', ,1 (own ,,f

nirfrnentoflllcaiKl \
JU'niu'i.

/^'/«•r, n fortilu.l
"'".in now.'.it.il,;,.!,,
i conli.l.-rabl.. kinj,'d(
bnted forthemimbei
nfitt p.igod.is. It i^
bid. Lon. 7H i K.ia
liiil/orJ, ;i b(»ioii>,'h
tottnofH,.dfordlhire,
'ii'iday and S.ifmd ,
^} m.iyor, .111,1 f,.„
which divides it into
by a bridge with a g.n
J" live churcheH. ;ui
ftr-'iigcaaie, uhofe I
'ng green. TIk- „„,„
"Js ^'MH in I Ho I, ail

" » 27 m K by N ]|

50 V by w London.

f^tJ/ord, a town of

Ipitalot a county ufth
'< Icated near one of t
Juniatta, i8« m w l»hl

h*^34 w, lat. 40 o V.

I Bedford, a town of 1
'orlc, in VV Cheftcr c\
' New York.-Anotf
tnd of Long ifland, 6 rj

J/f/'S'^' a town of
Widdicfex county. 13 ,

u -^"t^* ^"^' •■» toi
"f^«. Ml briftol countyl
"ivigation on the Acl
•"V "^ Bofton. Lon. ,

41 N. '"

, .^'4for J Leve/, H tr A
'"out 300,000 acres, Jnl

III

tta MM

ItU

M l.Otf

I.

, III the

DWII f)f
UppT

Ci I) n\

rr.li' •.

i)Ci a^Mi

fFranir,

10 in !i

■ Fr.inre,
T.a Ollf,

•

11 the (!c«
m »t\i

p, cipi'M

lul Intel/

Irnl is 1(1-

; and tti:

rkablc fur

I bi'fif)ii'd

guiiUy. 't

wlirn th''
J can (!c
r.iifc tl;';

on a pom'.
13 fcaUit
Lun. 15

re, in the
he bay 0.
')l()nne.
t)ia, ill tK"
a caftlo on

the di'pnrt-
noble Be-
lla a.

in Suffolk,
It has a
■cple ; a"J

;i\ with 10

ilcpf, Cam-

Waventy,

39 N E Lon-

in Leon,

■nia, capital
ic, in which
„ and mine*
ortified caf-
LaufnitZjJT

UK D

m 1 hy w Pr4Kuc. l^n. 14 tl r, Ut.

^1) iH N.

Iltkum, % town of VVf flph tll.i, In thr
prinriiuhJy of' MiiMf>i r, ;it thi* iourcit of
thr VrrlV, i> in %► iVlunUcr.

ll:l,iU, 4 town in N Y'trklhirr, wiili
J rn ir' it on 'I'lirrdnv, 10 in )k Kich*
moiiil, iiul in MNw t.oitdtiii.

// liiritiiA, .» titwii III' rrincc, in the
ill pirtiiKDt of tlcriiilt, wi;h .1 m.inn-
t'u'lnri' of t|rii(ti{"i«, .ml other woolkil
itiiffK ( (c.itrd on ihi* Orbrfi 16 iti s

Ut/iiT«.

llnlJinj^lDH, !\ vilt.iifi' in Siiiiy, : m
w C'toydihi. I Irr ' ii» lUddinxlon-pii^.
Dili' of the itiHiiy liiil to hivi? I)»imi the
rcliili'MCC of i|'iivn i;iir»h«'lh. The
ihtiieh ii '« fiolliii- pile, with (\.ilU in
ilic in iiiinr of .1 iMth< ditl.

Ht'.I.H. or //.v/<'/(f, ,1 vill ix<« in SnfTVx,
• , in w I.i'wu, niMi ,1 riviT t»f it 1 n ini'-,
v.hieh I'litent the Kn^lidl ch;iiinrl, ,it
N»<v 8hoi'rha>n.

Hi-iler, « to«iii of I'r.mcr, in the dr-
nirtinrnt of Illeaiul Vii.iiin", loin *Nw
Ren 1 1 1' 1.

l\ tier, .1 fortidid tnwii of Hindoo-
l^iM, in l^owl.it.ili.'id, once thi' capit il of
a eonlidcrablf kingdom, .iml flill ccl> •
br.iti'd f(,r the nuinbfrand in.i|;iiitiiinct'
(ifiti pagodas. It h Ho in nw llydr.i*
bill. l.on. 7H 1 K, lat. 17 4M N.

BtJ/orJ, \ hoioiiKh and the county-
town uf Ut'dfoidlhirt', will) .1 market on
Till lilay and .Satiird ly. It h governed
by ,1 m.iyor, aiul feitvd on the t)ure.
which divides it intu two p.irts, united
by .1 bridge with a gate at e.icl) end it
has live churcheH ; and formerly hul a
ftrong c-iflle, whofe lite it now a bowl-
ing green. The number uf inhabilams
was ^()4H in iHoi.and 4605 in iHii.
It it 87 m K by N Hiickingham, and
50 N by w London. Lon. o 3.^ w, lat-

}^fJ/ortf, a town of Pcnnfylvaniai ci-
pital ot" a county uf the fame name. It
ii feated near one of the fourcet of the
Juniatta, i8i m w IMiiladelphia- Lua-
:^34 w, lat. 40 o V.

Udlfurdt a town of the ftate of New

York, in VV Chefter county, 35 m n by

\i New York. — Another, near the w

I end of Long idand, 6 m ese New York.

Bedford, a town of Maflachufcts, in

|Middlcfcx county, 13 m Nw Bofton-

Bedford, New, a town of MaflTachu-

IfctJ, ill Briftol county, at the head of

navigation on the Acculhnct, 58 m s

Iby t Dofton. Lon. 70 52 w, lat- 41

I41N.

Bedford Level, a tiadl of fenny land,
libout 300,000 acres, in the countici of

BKK

Ni>rfolk, HiifToWf, CambrlJct. Hunt*
inttdon, Norln.«inptoM, .ind I Inculn.
Aftt r virion* unfucceftfnl ait«mpi 1 tu
driin ihefc frni, U illi4ni r.ul of Bed-
ford, in i449,uiidrrtook anti dimptrtctl
iti ind 4 coip.imt'on wan rllabtiOxtl
for (he Kovfrnmcnt of thii yn it h-vel.
In thik feni Arc levrial dicoya, in
whieh inniimmble (|iMntitira ol wilJ
fowl are t.iken diiimg ihefeafon.

Urdftid hirt, 4 county of Lngland*
bouiuiei! oMilic Si hy iiuntin^donfliirc,
► hy Ciinbrid>{i (lure. s». by jlcrtlurd-
lliin-, %w |)v llii. •<in;;'i.im(hiic, .ir.d NW
by Norlhamp(«(nfhirc tttiiiniofl lengtb
it ) 5 m. ind ilH grfatell Inrtdih si, con*
tiifiing 175,100 ocicu It i»ilivi(let| into
t; hniidrettti, and 114 pjiillui | and hat
I J m.ii!u-t-i'>vviit. The nuinhrr of in-
liahit.intH wu 6r]q) in iCji, and
70, ; I ,{ III I S 1 1 . It fetids four membrrt
to p.iili imont. I'ht pniielp il livrrtare
the Onfe and the Ivel. In chief nro-
dU'^N are corn, hiitlcr, and fullert
ririh ; it» tnanurailhiitJ, lace, ftraw
hntfl .ind lialk'-tH, and t yv.

lifdnore \ fte Siigara

Hi-dniapii,ti\\.-noi w.indcnng Arabi,
who live in lentx, and are difpcrfcd all
over .Arabi.i, Kgyps .iiul th»' n of Africa,
governed by their «j\vii chiifs, in the
iaiiie inaniar as the patri irchii lived and
governed .ineiently : the principal cm-
ploymeni of both, the grazing ol cattle-

liidiiin, (irtut, .1 borougli in VVilt«
Oiirc, which h u neither market nor fair,
it is 5 m sw Hungerfi)rd, .ind 70 w
London.

lifimah, a river of Hindooftan, which
rilei ill the niountaint to he N of Poo*
n.ih, and flovvH sk upward of ^^o* m till
it joins the KiHim, near Kdghir.

liter, or lieerjick \ fee Bir,

lieeriii}^ ljland,An iil.ind in the Pacific
ocean, about ^o m long and 30 wide,
30 leagues E ot Kamtfchatka. Luii. 166
30 K, lat. 5< 30 N.

Beerinjf Bay, a bay on the w coaft of
N America, 270 leagues n N E of Noutka.
See Port Mulifravt.

Beering Strait, the narrow fi-a be-
tween the w coaft ot N America and
the E couft of Afia. It is 13 leagues
wide, in the narroweft part, between
the capes Prince of Walet and Tchukot-
fkoi.

Beeroo, a country of Negroland, be-
tween Zahara on the n and Bambara
on the s. Walet is the capital.

Bees, St. a villa^'e in Cumberland,
near the fea, 5 m s Whitehaven Here
is a noted freefchool i alio the remaini
of a priory, the nave of Lis church being

i^i™;,;..

ll

.V.U'^i

t^

•11

BEI

now ufed as the parifli church. Two m
to the Nw is a loftj promontory, called
St. Bce« Hfad, on which is a light-
houfe-

Bfejioi a town of Brandenburg, in
the Ucker mark, with a cloth manu-
fadlure ; fealcd on the Sprtr, 40 m sf.
Berlin.

Befort, a fortified town of France, in
the department of Upper Rhine, with
manufadurea of excellent iron. It ftands
at the foot of a mountain, 34 m sw
Colmar.

Begia, or Bcyjnh, a town of the
country of Tunis, with a ftronp caftli',
and a great trade, cfpecially in corn. It
is fituate on the fide of a Lill, 50 m
w Tunis.

Beguieres ; fee Aboukir-

J5f//<<3rt«,atovvnof Perfia, in Farfiftan.
The wails arc 3 m in circumference, and
it is the relidence of a beglerbeg, whofe
palace occupies tlio ne corner of the
town. Three m to the w are the f uins
of the ancient city of Ragian, on the
banks of the Jerahi. Behaban is (ituate
in an exten'iveand well-cultivated plain,
153 m WNW Shiras. Lon. 50 24 e, lat.
30 16 N.

Behat; fee Chehtm-

Beherah, a town of Hindooftan, in
Lahore, feated on the Chelum, 7 5 m w
by N Lahore.

Be/tier, a town of Hindooftan, capital
of a country of the fame name, on the
E fide of the Indus. It ftands in an
ifland, formed by the Indus, 160 m s
by w Moultan. Lon. 70 z e, lat. 27

Behnbury a town of Hindooftan, in
Lahore, 85 m n by w Lahore.

Beja, a city of Portugal, in Alentcjo,
and a bifhop s fee ; feated on an emi-
nence in an extenfive plain, near a lake
of its name, 7a m se Lilbon. Lon. 7
40W, lat. 37 58N.^

Bejapour; fee Vijlapour.

BcichUngen, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Thuringia, 17 m n Weimar.

Beiljiein, a town of France, in the
department of Rhine and Mofelle, lately
of Germany, in the eledorate of Treves ;
ftatcd on the Mofelle, 2a m sw Co-
blentz.

Beiljhin, a town of Germany, in
Wcfterwald, feated on the Umbach, iz
m wNw Wetzlar.

Beinghein^ a town of France, in the
department of Lower Rhine, feated on
the Sur, near its conflux with the Rhine,
aa m nne Strafburg.

fif/><i,thelargeft province of Portugal,
bounded on the n by Tra los Montes

BEL

and Entre Douro e Minho, and on ihf
s by Eftremadnra. It prodijces all tfit
nccefllariei of life. Coimbra ii the ca-
pital.

Beithy a town of Scotland, in Ayr-
(hire, with matiufadlurcs of linen and
filk gauze ; feated on an eminence, 7 m
N Irvine.

Beit el Fait, a town of Arabia, m
Yemen, famous as being a great mart
for coffee. It is 24 m i:sk Loheidii.

Belabret a town of France, in the de-
partment of Indre, as in sw Chateau-
roux.

Belbcij, a town of Egypt, jj m vr
Cairo, and 45 nw Suez.

Bekojlro, a town of Naples, in Cal.T-
bria Ultra, feated on a mountain, 8 m
from the gulf of Squilace, and 13 sw
Severino.

Belchite, a town of Spain, in Aragon,
on the river Almonazir, jo m s Sara-
gofla.

Belchoe, a town of Ireland, in tlic
county of Fermanagh, feated on Lough
Nilly, i« m SE Ballyfhannon.

Belclare, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Sligo, 22 m sw Sligo.

Belem, a village of Portugal, in Ellre-
madura, on the n fide of the Tajo, 4 m
below Lifbon. Here is a royal monaf-
tery, where the kings and queens of
Portugal are interred ; a ftrong fort,
which defends the entrance to the city ;
and, to the n, a noble modern aquc-
dudt.

Belejlaty a town of France, in tlir I
department of Aude, 27 m sw Carcaf- (
fone.

Belfajit a borough and feaport ofj
Ireland, in the county of Antrim, at thef
mouth of the Lagan, in Carrickfeigusj
bay. It is one of the moft commercial!
tr nsin Irelaud, and in 1791 contained!
10,320 inhabitarts. It fends a member|
to parliament. Here are manufadure*
of cotton, cambric, canvas, linen, glafs,!
*'ugar, and earthen ware. A canal conT
necls the harbour with Lough NcagliJ
It is 96 m N Dublin. Lon. 5 52 w, lat]

5446 N.

BelfaJI, a town of the diftrid o|
Maine, in Hancock county, or. the
fide of tlie Penobfcot, at its entrance
into Penobfcot bay, 40 m n e Wifcafletj
Lon. 69 lo w, lat- 44 a6 n. f

Belford, a town in NorthumberlandJ
with a market on Thurfday, 15 m s b|
E Berwick, and 32a n by w London.

Belgard, a town and caftle of FurtheJ
Pomerania, on the river Perfante, 18 1
SE Colberg.

Btlgerni a town of Saxony Propel

«f ith a good tra

^'he, 8 m SE 1

iii'igium ; fc-(.

BflgraJfy a ci

t;apital ofScrvi,

^•^^'- The iiilial

a.lioco. It was

'" '71;, and kn

'■fO'd to the

taken, ill 1789,3

f>r Reiclienbncii

"n tlie Danube,

flux ol the Save,

240 w Buchoreft

46 N.

^'fiqrade, or Bi
ropcan Turkey,
Jrait ofConftant
(rantmoplf.

^elgrado, a tow
le..ted near the 'I
w Udina.

"fWeftp|,alia,oM
f^^'E Aren/bcrg.
. ^^^it^a, or Bin
f ers, ,n the provi
foot of a ridge of
•Algiers.

,,^''^'('«»atownof
WiddJe mark, vvHI
e.'oth; feated on ;
name, 27 m sw Beil

Bellac, a town of
partment of Uppe;
the Vinson, 30 m ^

Belkaire, a town

^''l of Harford cou
""in river, 22 m n
w>w Philadelphia.

Bel/rgardfy a fort,
department of Eafte
fmportant place, on

apafstothePyrene«

the .Spaniards in n

"ext year. It is xy

^eilegarde, a tow

department of Saon

river Saone, ,5 m n

^elL'ijle, an ifland

[rom thecoaft ofB

'ongand3broad,div,

mountains, falt-work

J ne principal place

own with a citadel

\ >-ngIi/h in 176

'703. Lon. 3 5 w, J;

^f//«>, an ifland

fbannel between L

^^ndland, called the

'^hich leads into the

rence. The ifland

»"a has a harbour fo

1 on ihff
9 all tt)t
I the ca-

In Ayr-
inen and
;ncc, 7 m

rabia, in
eat naart

in the de-
Chateau-

B E I.

with a good tradf in beer ; fcated on the
tihe, 8 m KE Tor^MU.

Bt/jjt'um ; fee Netherlands-

Bflf^raJe, a city of Kuioptan Turkey,
capital of Scrvia, and a Givik biflmp's
frr. The iniiabitants arc tlti'natixl at
2/;,o:o. It wab taken by priiice Eii^^tnc
in 171;, and kept till 1739, \vlu.'ii it was
ccdid to the Turks. It w;is again
taken, in 1789, and re(torcd ' ' lu' praci'
of Reichcnb.icii in {790. is featcd

on the Danube, a httli.' bi low the in-
flux oi the Save, aoo m ssr; Huda, and
240 w Buchorefl. Lon. 2151, lat. 44

46 N.

Belgrade, or Beli^rady a town of Eu-
ropean Turkey, in Romania, on th'*
ftrait of Conftantinople, 10 m N Con-
ftantinople.

Bclgrado, a town of Italy, in Fiiuii,
fe.itcd near the Tojamenta, 81 m s by
w Udina.

Bc/ic/i, or Re/iie, a town of the duchy
of Wefl:pliah'a,oii tlie rivet Mone, 16 m
ENE Arenfbcrg.

Bel'tda, or Bleeda, a town of Al-
giers, in the province ofTiteri, at the
foot of a ridge of mountains, 15 m se
Algiers.

Be/itz, a town of Brandenburg, in the
Middle mark, uith a mnnufadture of
cloth ; feated on a river of the fame
name, 27 m sw Berlin.

Bellac, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Vieniie, featcd on
the Vin9on, ao m n Limoges.

BeUea'ire, a town of Maryland, crspi-
Ml of Harford county. It is feated on
Biiih river, 12 m nk Ualtimore, and 86
wjw Philadelphia.

Bellrgarde, a fortrefs of France, in the
department of Eaftern Pyrertcs, and an
important place, on account of its being
a pafs to the Pyrenees. It was taken by
the Spaniards in 1793, but retaken the
next year. It is 15 m s^ Perpignan.

Bellegarde, a town of France, in the
department of Saone and Loire, on the
river Saone, 15 m ne Chalons.

Bellnjlcy an ifland of France, 15 m
from the coaft of Brctagne. It is 10 m
long and 3 broad, diverftfied with craggy
mountains, falt-works,aiid fertile plains.
The principal place is Palais, a fortifitfd
town, with a citadel. It was taken hj
the Kuglifh in 176 1, am!, reftored in
1763. Lon. 3 5 w, lat. 47 17 N.

Belleijle, an ifland at the ne end of a
channel between Labrador and Ncvv-
%ndland, called the Strait of Bellcifle,
which leads into the gulf of St. Law-
rence. The ifland is 50 m in circuit,
and has a harbour for fmall craft on the

BEL

'iiw fiJe. Lon. 55 15 w, lat. 51

J8N.

Bellefme^ a town of France, in the
department of Ornc, with an ancient
r;ift!c, 24 m lisK Alcn^on, and 80 5>w
l*aris.

Brll'i/y a town of France, in the de-
partnu'iit of Ain, and lately a bifliop's
fee ; featcd near the Rhone, 40 m sE
Hourg. Lon. 5 44 i:, la;. 45 47 n.

BelUnghani, a town in Northumber-
land, with a market on Tuefday, featcd
on the N branch of the Tyne, 15 m nnw
Hexham and 300 London.

Bel/inzoria, a town of SwiflVrland,
capital of the c;inton of Tcflin. It is
feated on the Tefino, 5 m above its
entrance into the lake Magiore, and
aa wsw Chiavenna. Lon. 8 55 e, lat.
46 8 N.

Bellunrfe, a diftri(ft of Italy, lying
between Friuli, Cadorino, Feltrino, and
Tyrol, it has large woods, and iron
mines; and is fertile in corn, wine, and
fruit. Belluno is the only place of
note.

Belluno, a town of Italy, capital of
Bellunefe, and a bifliop's fee. It has
14 churches, and various good build-
ings; alfo a profitable trade in wood
and timber. It is feated among the
Alps, on the river Piave, 15 m ne
Feltri. Lon. 12 9 k, lat. 43 13 v.

Brl/uza, a town of Hindooftan, in
Myfore, with a citadel, both of them
ftrongly fortified with a mud wall and
a ditch. In the vicinity is much fine
rice ground, and a great number of
fheepare brec. It is 38 m n Scringa-
patam.

Belfier, a town in Derbyfliire, with
a market on Saturday, it was lately a
village of littlenote, but nowa confider-
able manufa(5turing place, and in if<ii
contained 5778 inhabitants. Here are f;;-
veral cotton mills, a bleaching-mill, and
an iron-forge.' It is feated on the Der-
went, 8 m N Derby, and 134 nnvv
London.

Belpre, a town of the ftate of Ohio,
on the river Ohio, at the influx of the
Hockhocking, 14 m sw Marietta, and
46 NE Galliopolfs.

Btlpiiig, a town of Spain, in Catalo-
nia, with a famous convent, 18 m enk
Lerida.

Belt, Great, a ftraitof Denmark, be-
tween the iflands of Zealand and Funen,
which forms a communication between
the Categat and the Baltic. It is not fo
commodious, nor fo frequented, as the
Sound.

Belt, Litthi a ftrait, w of the Great
Fa „

1

M mi. a ^: 1.1

I

If-

I

m

Vi

4'

REN
Belt, between Funcn nm\ N Jutland.
It is OIK* of the p.ifrigt'3 from the Ca-
tf'gat to the Baltic. thi)iig!i not 3 m in
brtMclth, and very crooked.

Belturbtt, a borough of Ireland, in
the county of C.ivaii, on the river Erne,

9 m NNw (a van.

/iV//r, or Belz^ a town of Poland, in
Hed Riiflia, capita! of a palatinate of
thi' rinvj name. It is 30 m n by w
Lcmbiir^. Lon. 24 5 k, i:it. so jo n-

Belviier,'^ a town of European Tur-
key, capital of a fertih; province of the
firne name, in Morea. The railins,
called B. Ivcderei, come from this place.
It ii' r? m NK Chircnza. Lon. 21 45 k,
lat. ^i o V.

Be/vffz, 1 town ofFrnnce, in the de-
partment of Dordogne, 27 m sse IVri-
gueux.

Belunii a town of Lower S;ixony, in
the duchy of Bremen, near the mouth
of the Ofte, 24 m N'- Stado.

Belttr, a town of Ufbcc Tartary, ca-
pital of a province of the fame name,
which is a hilly country, bounded on
the N and f, hy the Belur Tagler, or
Dark Mountains, anciently the Imaus.
BeUir is 200 m e Uadakfhan. Lon. 74

10 E, lat. s(^ 35 N.

Bflzij^, a town of Saxony Proper,
with a caftle, feated on the Walfe, 25
m NNW Wittenburg.

Bemba, a country of Africa, to the s
of <C'ongo. It is little known to the Eu-
ropeans.

Benamenil, a tcwn of France, in the
department of Meurthe, 7 m f. Lune-
▼ille.

henarfs, a dilrift of Hindooftan, in
the NK part of the province of Allaha-
bad, between thofe of Daharand Oudc.
£t containb the circars of Benares, Jion-
pour, Chunar, and Gazypour ; and w.'ts
ceded to the Englifh in 1775-

Bermrts, a populous city of Hin-
dooftan, capital of a country of the fame
name. It is celebrated as the ancient
feat of Braminical learning, and built on
the left bank of the Ganges. Several
Iliiidoo temples embellilh the high
banks of the river ; and many other
public and private buildings are magni-
ficent. The ftrcets are narrow; the
houfes high, and fome of them inha-
bited by different families ; but the
more wealthy Gentoos live in detached
houfes with an open court, furrounded
by a wall. Nearly in the centre of the
city is a confiderable Mohamedan
mofque, built by emperor Aurungzebe,
who deftroyed a magnificent Hindoo
temple to make room for it j and round

R !•: N

the city are many ruins of building*,
tlu: effejls of Moh miedaii intolerancL-.
An infurrertion here, in 1781, In',
nearly proved fatal to the I'-nj^lilh inte-
refls in llindiiofl.m ; in confrqueiice of
which, Cheyt Sing, the rajah, was dc-
pofed ill I7U^ Benares in 136 m w by
s Patna, ami 380 wnw Calcutta. Lon
83 10 K, lat 25 JO N.

Benanmrre, a town of Spain, in Ara-
gon, capital of the county of Ril):(goi-
y.a. It is 30 m n Lerida, and 70 t by
N .Sar igoffa.

Benavente, a town of Spain, in Leon,
on the river Ella, 35 m ; sw Leon.

Benavente, a town of Portugal, in
Alentego, on the river Soro, near itk
conflux with theT '0,30m tNt Lilbon.

Benhecula, an illand of Scotland, one
of the Hebrides hetwt^en N and S Ujit,
from the lafl of which it is feparatcd by
a narrow channel, nearly dry at low
water. It is of a circular form, includ-
ing the inlets of the fea, 9 m in diameter.
The foil is fandy and unprodudive,
but much kelp is made from the fca
weed thrown on the coaft.

Bencookn, a town on the sw part of
the iflmd of Sumatra, belonging to the
Englifli. In 1 690, the E India Company
built the fort, and called it Fort York.
In 1 693 a great mortality happened here,
the governor and council all dying in a
fliort time ; the town Handing on a mo-
rafs, not favorable to European confti-
tutions. Marlborough Fort has fince
been ercfted, in a more wholefome part.
The adjacent country is mountainous
and woody. The chief trade is in pep-
per. Lon. 102 10 E, lat. 3 49 s.

Benconvfe, a town of Algiers, in the
province of Conftantine, 25 m sse Se-
teef.

Bender, or Teken, a fortified town of
Ruffia, capital of Baflarbia, which lately
belonged to the Turks. Here Charles
XII of Sweden refided, after his defeat
at Pultowa. The inhabitants are cfti-
mated at 1 1,000. It was taken by the
Rufliansin 1789, reftored in 1790 to the
Turks, and by them ceded to Ruffia in
18 1 J. It is feated on the Dnicfter, 100
m E by s Jafl'y. Lon. 39 14 e, lat. 46

S3 ^■

Bene, a town of Piedmont, defended
by a caftle, 7ms Cherafco.

Benedetto, a town of Italy, in Man-
tuan, near the river Po, 15 m i^t
Mantua.

Benedict, a town of Maryland, in
Charles county, fituate on the Patux-
ent, 16 m w Port Tobacco, and 30 ss
Wafliington.

]
Benefchrjiv, a

nious for its mar

m s Prague.
Benrvente, a ti

department of C;

ganeuf

BeneiientOf a ci
aii:hbi/hop'a fee,
intra, and of a frr
lately lieh)nging t
tntiiral is a large
or rather S.ir.icen
cirnt materials. 1:
gicaily by earthqi
16H,'), when the ar
of the ruiwa alive
city ill Italy can h
p( .incicnt fculptui
in tl'ii place. It i'

fliixoftheSabato
Napl.'M. Lou. ,4
Betifr/,1, a town
dt^partnient of Lo
river 111, 12 m ssw
Ben^ra/, acountr'
m long and 300 brci
w by Orifr,i and B:
by AOain and Calfa
onievyM. Itconfi
of the moft fertile i
mon with other p
iinniially renders t
parts, even three en
prodnas are fugar
opium, rice, faltpe
it is compared to
the Ganges dividir
llreams, and, like
overflowing the coi
been fubjed, ever
i'^nglifh E India Co
the capital.

Bengal, a feapc
Bana, defended by j
ward the fea, and f
unant country. It
of an excellent ha
Derna. Lon. 19

Benguela, a king
Congo, bounded or
E by Bemba, s by p
^^ by the Atlantic,
pernicious to Kuro
wear fkins about th
round their neck; a
darts headed with ii
and arrows. The w
of copper round th
of cloth, made of t
round their waift ; a
tneir legs.

l^nguela, the capi
of Benguela, where t

or

BEN

tjfiiefchoiVi a town of Bohemia, fa-
mous ror its manutadurc of paper, ^4
m s I'ragiic.

i!e>irt'enif, a town of France, in the
department of Creufe, 10 m nnvv Bor-
ganeuf.

Benevento, a city of Naples, and an
aiihbiihop's fee, capitiil of Principato
Ultra, and of a fmall duchy of ita name,
latt'ly liflonj^ing to tht pope. The ca-
tntih-.d is a larjje edifice in the Gothic
or ratht r Saracenic manner, but of an-
cirnt materials, lienevcnto has fulTered
grcaily hy earthquakes, particularly in
j68;i, when the archbifhop was tlugout
of the ruiMs alive. Except Rome, no
city in Italy can hoafl of io many ruins
of ancient fculpture as are to be found
in thi . place. It is featcd near the con-
flux of the Sabato and Caloro, t,^ m nk
Naples. Lou. 14 47 e, lit. 41 8 n.

Benffld, a town of France, in the
(lopartment of Lower Rhine, on the
river 111, rz m ssw Strafburg.

BeHiral, a country of Hindooflan, 400
m Loni; and 300 broad ; bounded on the
w by OrifTa and Bahar, n by Bootan, e
by A (Tain and Calfay, and s by the bay
oi lSpDj.',al. It confitts of one vaft plain,
of the moft fertile foil, which, in com-
mon with other parts of Hindooltait,
anniMlly renders two, and, in fome
parts, even three crops. The principal
products are fugar, filk, fruit, pepper,
opium, rice, faltpetre, lac, and civet.
It is compared to Kgypt for fertility;
the Ganges dividing here into feveral
llreams, and, like the Nile, annually
overdovving the country, liengal has
been fubjed, ever fince 1765, to the
Hnglilh li India Company. Calcutta is
the capital.

Bcngafit a fcapoit of Barbary, in
Baria, defended by a wall and caftle to-
ward the fea, and furrounded by a lux-
uriant country. It (lands on the w fide
of an excellent harbour, 145 m wsw
Derna. Lon. 19 ao e, lat. ^z 18 n.

BengueJa, a kingdom of Africa, in
Congo, bounded on the n by Angola,
E by Bemba, s by parts unknown, and
w by the Atlantic. The climate is very
pcrnicioi3s to Europeans. The men
wear Ikins about their waift, and beads
round their neck; and are armed with
darts headed with iron, and with bows
and arrows. The women wear a collar
of copper round their neck ; a kind
of cloth, tnade of the bark of a tree,
round their waift ; and copper rings on
their legs.

Benguela, the capital of the kingdom
ofBenguela, where the Portuguefe have

li E N

a fort. It ftands on the n fule of a bay,
350 m s Loanda. Lon. 1 2 30'K, lat. 1 o
JO s.

Btnkarlo, a town of Spain, in Va-
ler,cij, celeltraled for its wiin-s ; featt'd
oil the f-.acoaft, between Pcnifcola and
\'in.no7,.

Benin, a kingdom of Guinea, bound-
ed on the NK l)y uiiknowii parts, sic by
Biafara and Majombo, and s and w by
the gulf of Guinea .-^lul l),iho:\iy- The
country exhibits niaiiy btaulital lanl-
fcapes ; but the air is lUixious, ueai tlie
coaft, on account of tlic ^'ol's vapourb
frr a the marOies. Or.mgc;; and kmoiia
grow on the lidfS of the ro.u'x; cotton
abounds every where ; atnJ ihe pepper
produced here is fmaller than that of the
Indies. Amongtlit animals ari' elephants
In great number, tigers, leopards. Hags,
wild boars, civet and mountain cats,
horl'es, hares, and hairy flv^cp ; a valt
number of ferpents and other reptiles ;
and the principal birds are paroquets,
pige(m>, partridges, florks, and oftriches.
The drefs of the natives is ni-at. The
rich wear white calico or cotton petti-
coats, but the upper part of the body is
commonly naked. The women ufe
great art in drefling their hair, which
they reduce into a variety of forms.
The people are (kilful in making various
forts of dies; tind they manufacture and
export cotton cloths. Polygamy is al-
lowed, and the number of wives is li-
mited by the ftate of their circumftar.:eg
only. Though jealous of each other,
they offer their wives to Europeans.
The religion is paganifm. The king
is abfolute, and has a great number of
petty princes under him.

Benin, the capital of the kingdom of
the fame name. In the llreets, which
are long and broad, are many fhops
filled with European merchandife, as
well as with the commodities of the
country. The houfes arc all built of
clay, and covered with reeds, ftraw, or
leaves. The royal palace is of vaft ex-
tent, but neither elegant nor commo-
dious. All male Haves here are foreign-
ers ; for the inhabitants cannot be fold
for flaves, only they bear the name of
the king's flaves. Benin is fituate on
the river Benin or Formofa, 80 m from
its mouth. Lon. 6 24 k, lat. 6 50 N.

Benifuefi a town of Egypt, with ma-
nufadlures of carpets and woollen and
linen ftuffs; leated on the Nile, 60 m
s Cairo.

Benlawen, a mountain of Scotland,
in Perthlhire, on the e fide of Loch
Tay, It lifes in a conical ihape to the

f'^' ''^:H¥^

iBiroiJ

IH^ll

ll

I.' ! Ill-' ; ) ' t ]

&

i

•Itiii

*k'-!M

0 \.

nil Si9

I''

m

4i

Iff

m 1

l^Hi

il

fii.:

B E R

height of 40 « 5 feet, above the level of ihc
fea.

Benlomond, a mountain of Scotland,
in DiimbArtonfhire, on the k lidc of
Loch Lomond, rifing to tlie height of
3i62 feet above the U'vel of the fea. Its
lidcH, particularly toward the I;ik»-, are
finely covered witli trees, and it pro-
duces a number of rare pl.tnts.

Uctincvisy a mountain of Scotland, in
Invernelsihire, 6 m ^3^; Fort William.
It is the highvll in Great Britain, rifmg
4,970 feet above the level of tl»e lea. On
the N h fide it pre ll-ntH a precipice,
nearly perpeiuliciiLir, of about 1500 feet
in hti^'ht. 'I'DW.ird llie w, aboi.c a
quarter of a mile up t!ie river Nevis, it
is eafily afcended. it ullbrtl'^ good pal-
turape for llicep, a grc;it way up its
fides ; but the f'ummit is continually
covcied with inow.

Uennhi tort, a village in riertfordOiire,
4 m K SieveMHU'C. liere tlie Mercian
kings hiui a palace; and tht c.iftle, in
•which a c njncil was held in H50, llili
remains ne.ir the church.

lHi!iii/n;ton, a town of Vermont, ca-
pita! of a county of its name. Thou^jls
the largt It and oldelt town in the itale,
the judicial courts are commonly held
at Kulhmd and VVindibr alternately
Here colonel Stark gained two battles,
on Augiifi 16, 1777) wl.ich coiitril.uted
to the i'uLfeq'.iont luriciuler of general
Burgoyne's army. Boaningtonis lUuate
at the foot of the Green Mountains,
near the tw corner of the Hate, 30 m
ENK Albany. Lon. 7.5 4 v,-, la'c 42 52 n.
Benjlergt a town of VVellphalia,in the
duchy of Berg, 7 m t: Miilheim.

Benjbe'tni, a town of (Jcr.many, in the
circle of Upper Rliine, 25 ni nnw
Heidelberg.

Bentlieimi a town of Weflphalia, ca-
pital of a county of the iame name,
with a fortified callle. It was taken by
the French In 1795. It is leated on
the Vecht, 32 m i.w Mun'ler. Lon. 7 8
E,lat 52 3^ V.

BentiiKgHo, a town of Italy, in Bo-
lognele, 10 m ne Bologna.

Berar, a province of the Deccan of
Hindooltan, boilirded on the .\ by Mal-
\va iind Allahabad, e by Oriffii, s by
Golconda, and w by Dowlatabad and
Candeilh. I'he principal part of it is
iiibjeft to a rajah; the other to the
nizam of the Deccan. The rajah's
country extends 550 m from E to w,
and, in Ibme places, 200 from n to s.
Its capital is Nagpour. Lefs is known
of the interior parts of Berar than molt
of the other countries in Hindooftan.

That about Nagpour ii fertile and well
cultivated ; but the general appearance
of the CiUMitry, particid.iriy between
Nagpour ami Orifla, is that of a forell,
thinly li'i with villages and towns.

Berat, a town of Kuropean Turkey,
in All/aniii, on the right bank of the
Krevafta, ,p n\ s\ Vallona.

Beraiot, n town of Hohemia, capital
of a circle of the (iune name. It h.ia
manufartures of lire-arins and earthen
ware, and is I'eated on the Miiii, 16 m
wsw Prague. Lon. 14 17 k, lat. 41^

57 ^'
Berbice, a Dutch fettlemcnt, on a ri.

ver of the latne name, in Giiayana, to
the w' of ruirinain. The laud is low and
woody, and produces coffee, liigar, and
cotton. It was taken by the Englilhin
1796, and in i'6:>i,. The river enters
the Atlantic in lon. ",2 1:5 w.lat. 6 25 n.

Berbtti^^,A town of tlie Netherlands,
in Luxemburg, 12 m ne Luxembmg.

Berchioljj^cdrn, a town of the duchy
of Salzburg, and the capital of a county
of its name. It lerves all the neighbour'
hood with liilt ; and is lealcd on the
Achen, 14 m s Sal/burg.

Berdaa, a town of Perfia, in Erivan,
I'eatcd in a fertile plain, j6 m i-sb
Gangca.

Uerdoa ; fee Bur^n-

here Aljh>i, a borough in Devon-
fliire, but a poor place, leated between
the Tainar and the Tavc, 10 m n by \v
Plymouth, and 212 w by s London.

Bere Regh^ a town in Dorletlhire,
with a market on Wednelday. On
Woodbury-hill, a little to the* ne, is a
circular Roman camp, encloled within
three trenches. The town is feated on
the P»ere, near its conflux with the
Piddle, 12 m E by N Dorchelter, and
iia sw London.

Bereilly, a city of HindooltrMi, capi-
tal of Rohilla, which was conquered by
the nabob of Oude in 1774. It is 120
m NNw Lucknow. Lon. 79 40 E,lat.
a8.30 N.

Berelos, a lake of Egypt, between
Damiettaand Rofetta, of an oval form,
3am long and 10 broad.

Bereziiio, a town of Lithuania, in the
palatinate of Minflc, lituatc on the Be-
rezina, 56 m E by s Alinfk-

Berj^, a duchy of Weltphalia, lying
along the Rhine, to the s of the dnchy
of Clevc, about 60 m in length and from
10 to 22 in breadth. It is full of wood*
and mountains, 'lut fertile on the banks
of the Rhine and in the vallies ; and has
mines of lead, iron, and coal. Duffel-
dorp is the capital.

1

Bfrjfa,itown
f.;.xted on the Lo
foua.

Brri^amn/'co, a

hounded by Mr

•Milanefc. To^va

tainous and rocl

iion; fome of the

»'ine and oil ; ai

Bergamo it is ver j

Berfrnmo, a cit

Bergamafco, with

nious for its fewi

on St. Bartholom

to by merchants fi

lUnds on a hill,

Brcinboand Serio,

947 K, lat. 45 46 1

Berfrnm, a towr

with a royal patri(

iVf Tolofa.

BtTif/ij, a town 0
in Romania, and a
k*it on the river La
nople. Lon. 27 4c
^Vr^'f/?, acityand
capital of a gover
name, and a bifljof
It forms a femicircl
of the fea, and Is
town in Norway, c
habitants. On th
defended by mour
other by feveral fori
churches and many
(lone, but mofl: of
ftniJtedofwood. '
dral are remarkabl'^
on a great trade in
and dried Rlh, and|
Cbriftiania. Lon.

Bergen, a town .
for two battles, in
Englifh and Rufliar,
the Dutch and Fren]
fd in favour of the
among woods, 4 m
Bergen, atowncf
of a county of the 1
inhabitants are moft|
the Dutch fettlers.
water, except on thi
by the river Hud foil
New York, 3 m dift(

Bergen op Zoom,
iirabant, capital of
'■line name. It is ,
and one of the ftronJ
lands, feated partly \
<'n the river Zoom!
cates with the Schel
has feveral times hi
purpofe ; but was tJ
'fi *747, and in 17I

BRR

Bfrjfa, a town of Spain, la Catalonia,
{fAtf.ii on the Lobrogat, i8 m kne Sol-
foiia.

Bifrijamrtfco, a province of Italy,
hoiinclfcl b^ Brefoi;i, Valtclinc, and
.\liiancre. I'owaril the n it h moun-
tainous and rocky, and has mines of
iron ; fome of the vallies produce much
wine and oil ; and in the vicinity of
Bergamo it is very fertile.

Bertrawo, a city of Italy, capit.il of
Bergamafco, with a citadel. It is fa-
mous for its ft'wing fdk ; and its fair
on St. Hartholomcvv's day, is rcforted
to by merchants from di/lant parts. It
lUnds on a hill, between the rivers
Brcmbo and Serio, 30 m ne Milan. Lun.
9 47 K, lat. 45 46 N.

Berf;nm, a town of Spain, in Biicay,
with a royal patriotic feminary, 14 m
svv Tolof.!.

BiTiras, a town of European Turkey,
in Romania, and a Greek archbifhop's
fee, on the river Larillii, 40 m se Adria-
iiople. Lon. 27 40 k, lat. 41 14 ^f.

htr^erit a city and feaport of Norway,
capital of a government of the fame
natnc, and a bifliop's fee, with a caftle.
It forms a femicircle round a fmall gulf
of the fen, and is the moft. populous
town in Norway, containing 19,000 in-
iiabitants. On the land fide it is
defended by mountains, and on the
other by feveral fortifications. All the
churches and many of the houfes are of
ftoiie, but moft of the latter are con-
ftriiifled of wood. The caftle and cathe-
dral are remarkable edifices. It carries
on a great trade in flcins, fir-wood, tar,
jnd dried fifh, and is 198 m w by n
Cbriftiania. Lon. 5 14 e, lat. 60 23 n.

Bergen, a town of N Flolland, noted
for two battles, in 1799, Ijetween the
Englifh and Ruffian forces oppofed by
the Dutch and French, which terminat-
ed in favour of the former, It is fituate
among woods, 4 m nne Alcmaer.

Bergen, a town cf New Jerfey, capital
of a county of the fame name. The
inhabitants are moftlydefcendants from
the Dutch fettlers. It is furrounded by
water, except on the n, and feparated
by the river Hudfon from the city of
New York, 3 m diftant.

Bergen o/> Zoom, a town of Dutch
Brabant, capital of a mjrquifate of the
fame name. It is a hanatbme place,
and one of the ftrongeft in the Nether-
lands, feated partly on a hill, and partly
on the river Zoom, which communi-
cates with the Scheldt by a canal. It
has feveral times been belieged to no
purpofe ; but was taken by the French
'" »747> and in 1794. It is i£ m ^f

BER

Antwerp, and 2a sw Breda. Lon. 4
23 F, lat. 51 30 N.

Bergerac, a town of France, in the
department of Dordogne, feated on the
Djidogno, 24 m s by w I'crigneux.

Bergoo, a country of Nogroland, to
the s of Bornou, on the borders of Nu-
bia and Darfoar. Wara is the capital.
Bergurs, a fortified town of France,
in the department of Nord, on the river
Colme, at the foot of a mountain, 5 m
s Dunkirk.

Btrgzoieni, a town of France, in the
department of Mont Tonnere, lately of
Germany, in the duchy of Deux Fonts ;
feated on the Krlbach, 6 m ssw Landau,
and 34 SE Deux Fonts.

Berifa, a town of Negroland, in Caf-
fina, feated on the Niger, 120 m w
CafTma.

Btrkhamjled, a town in Ilertfordfhirc,
with a market on Saturday. Roman
coins have been often dug up here ;
and on the v fide are the remains of a
caftle, the refidence of the kings of
Mercia. In 697, a parliament was held
here and Ina's laws publilhed. Here
William i, fwore to his nobility to main-
tain the laws made by his predeccflbrs.
Henry 11 kept his court in this town,
and granted to it many privileges ; and
James i, whofe children were nurfed
here, made it a corporation ; but thii
government was dropped in the civil
wars. The church is a handfome Gothic
ftru(5ture. It is feated on the w branch
of the river Gade, and on the Grand
Junction canal, a6 m nw London.

Berkley, a town in Gloucefterfhire,
governed by a mayor, with a market on
Wednefday. It has a trade in timber,
coal, malt, and cheefe, which is benefit-
ed by means of a canal from Gloucefter.
Here is an ancient caftle on a rifing
ground, in which Edward n was mur-
dered. It is feated on the Little Avon,
near its conflux with the Severn, 15 m
sw Gloucefter, and 114 w London.

Berkley, a town of S Carolina, in a
county of the fame name, fituate near
Cooper river, 15 m nne Charlefton.

Berkjhire, a county Df England,
bounded on the e by Surry, s by Hamp-
fliire,wby Wiltfhire, and n by Oxford-
fliire and Buckinghamlhire. It is 5«
m long and from 6 to 25 broad, con-
taining 476,160 acres; is divided into
20 hundreds and i56parilhes; has la
market-towns ; and fends 9 members to
parliament. The number of inhabitants
was 109,215 in 1801, and 118,277 in
18 1 1. The principal rivers are the
Thames, Kennet, Lamborn, and Lod-
dua. The b part has much uocultivat-

^;ti

'■m

'1 !P-'!™

»w:

,"%

V* ^<^ i l^Bu

M

ill

l"wJ

M

ill'

r?':''fl

|h

lis^Ki

py

p

ww;' >'

Iv

Si

■ V)

pi

iiifi

i|

ti

ijv

'it '

t

mi

TIKR

«d land, ai Windfor fored and itfl .ip-
Jiend3f,'e5 ; the w and middlr parti pro-
duce ^rn'm in great abundance. Rjvdi.ig
is the cnpit.il.

berlamont, a town of France, in thp
department of Nord, <• m isfc Qiief-
nojr.

B'rifburg, a town of (>crmany, in
Wifierwald, with a cattle, feated on
the llcrlcliach,near itic:)nflux with the
Eder, 20 ni Nw Marburg.

Ii:'r/in, a oily of G«*rmany, capital of
the niatqiiifatP of Biandenbiirg. It is
dcfrnded partly by walls, p.irtiy by pa-
lifades, and bus 15 gates. The ftrttts
are ftrn'ght, wide, and long ; and its
large fquares, magnificent palaces,
churches, and olher buildings, arc
fcarcely to be cqualU^d- It is 12 m in
circumiVrencc ; but within this cn-
clofiire are numerous gardens ; and
many beautiful houfes are let in (lories
to mechanics. In 1785, the number of
inhabita;it8 was :46,647. The royal
palace contains a fine library, a rich
cabinent of curiofiiies and medals, and
the fnpreme colleges of government.
Near the palace (lands the magnificent
cathedral. Here are alio feveral acade-
mies and hofpitals, an oble.'.'itory, a
fuperb arfenal, and a royal cloih ma-
nufadure. Berlin has a flourifliing
trade, occafioned by its* numerous ma-
nufacSlures of filk, wool, cotton, camt Is
hair, linen, Pruflian blue, cutlery, and
porcelain ; and by its enamelled, inlaid,
and embroidered works. It is feated on
the Spree, from which there is a
canal to the Oder on the E,and another
to the Elbe on the w ; that it has a
communication by water, both with the
Baltic fea and the German ocean. This
city was taken in 1760, by an army of
Ruflians, Auftrians, and Savons, who
were obliged to evacuate if in a few
days. In 1806, foon after the battle of
Jena, the French entered this city,
and l:'onapnrte held a court in the pa-
lace. It is 100 m N Dreldcn, and
J85 NW Brefiau. Lon. 13 zz e, lat. 5a

Berlin, a t<->wn of Pennfylvania, in
York county, on the sw fide of Cone-
wago creek, 13 m \»' by n Yv.rk, and 41
K by s pf Shippen(burg.

Ber>neo, a town of Spain, in Bifcay,
on the hay of Bifcay, near the cape of
Machicaco, ir^vn ^ Bilboa.

B$rr Ja IJundred, or Qiy Point, a
port of Virginia, in Chellerfield county,
ntuat* on the point of a psnirifuia,
formed by theconiluence of the Appa-
mattox with James river. The exports
from this place arc chiefly coHe<5led at

B F R

Richmond, lom above it. City Pnini,
♦ron' which it in namid, is on the s
bank of Jau'i < river, 4 m isw of the
town. Lon. 77 31 w, lat. 37 ao n.

iif/;//f',/rt*, or Sumntfri Islands, four
i(landK in the Atl,'ntieov,'ean, y,o m K of
( arolina, and fur'oundeil by numerous
rocks and Ihoals, w!'":h render them
dilficult of approach. Tiiey were dif-
covered by Juan Birmude/, a Spaniard,
in 1^:2; but not inh.d>i«<-tl till 1600,
wlun fir Cn orgf Son-mcrs was call
away upon tlicm ; and they h.ive be-
longed to Britain ever fince. Thiy
contain above 10,000 inhabitants, wi-.o
c;irry on fome trade with Ameiica, and
the W Indies. They a'oound in fwiuf,
and with a fort ot tedai nuieh priztd
for building frn.ill veflcls ; they alfo
produce cofl'ee and cotton. Three of
them are fmall ; and the principal one
is called St. George.

Hern, the largtft of the cantons of
.*^wiirerland, being 1 (;o m long and 75
broad, it is the moft fertile country
in SwiiTerland, and divided in'o two
principal parts, called the German and
Roman ; but the laft is mod commonly
ealkd Pays de Vaud. The religion is
C'alvinilm.

Bfrn, a town of Swi(llrland, capital
of the canton of Bern. Here is a cele-
brated academy, and a rich library. It
is a (Irong place, in a peninfula formed
by the river Aar, and edimated to con-
tain i3,oooinhabitantH. The houfes are
built of frcedone, and pretty unii\)rin,
particularly in the pirincipal flreet; and
there are piazzas on each hde, with a
walk raifed above the level of the dreet.
The ftreets are traverfed by a canal, and
the public buildings are magnificent.
In the arfenal are preferved the fiirnre
and armcur of the celebrated William
Tell, in the atft of taking aim at the
npple on his fon's head. Bern was
taken in i7()X by the Irench. It is 70
m .N E Geneva. Lon. 7 29 e, lat. 46
52 N.

Bernard, Grntid St- a mountain of
the Pennine Alps, on the frontiers of
Piedmont, 15 m nnw Aoda. On the
fummit is a large convent, where tiie
monks entertain all travellers gratis for
three days.

Bernard Cajlle, a town in the county
of Durham, with a market on Wednef-
day, and manufadures of dockings
and cainbicts. It takes its name from
a cadle built by Bernard Baliol, great
grandfather to John Baliol, king of
Scotland, who founded an hofpital here.
It is feated on the Tees, 24 m sw Dur-
ham, and 5146 NNW London.

I

^errmrdjlcwn.
Icy, in .Sointilet

r< rnnu, a fort
IiuiK. in the i\!i<|
cip.il commr ce
'■irgeqii.iiitilicsai
on the l'.inch(), i

Bertuiy, a town
partnicn't of Jant
tonne, ao in sw \

l'er.i')ur;f, ,1 ',„
ill tiic priiicipaliiy
till' ^..al(•, 22 m fi\

I'friinijlle, a to\
(Ii'paitmentof San
in tlioeltrifloiit,.,,!

forgood wine, and
iH in s\: Treves.

the principality 0
AltriKjh;, i; rn ni,
Kitifbon.

lU'nijhidt, a to«
principality of Qel;
id on the VVeida, j
Bern; a town of
pan men t of Mouth
nitrly one of the
PiovLDce. It (lam
lanic name, at the
m vv.-, • Aix.

P'erry, a late p
bounded on the n
Itlaiioi.s, K by Niver
iiois, .s by Hour!, or
and w by Touraine
fmi!e in com, fruit
ami there is excelk
pl.uci. It now ton
of ^'litr and Indre.
Berfello, a to\','n
denele, withacaftle
Jt tl'c influx of the
P.irma.

I'ertinero, a town
ni'igiia, with a citad
10 m SSI-: Forli.

Bertrand, St. a to
tfic dipai tiiK.'nt of U
was lately an epiltop
sAiich. Lon. 048
, Btrvie, or Iui<eri'.',
•^totkmd, in Kincar
mouth of the Bcrvit.
wbour for ihiall fi(
KE Monttcfe.
I .l^'-ifici-, a boroue

pfEngland and Scotia
f mayor, with a marl
ft «as once a (trong
'mpoitance when End
^•-•hoftile nations,
H'icrnately belonged,
'«adiltri(Jt (eparate

r

tc
c

>««

poiiii,

iht' »

;)f ll»e

I.

t, four

m K of

ncroim

tlirm
re ilil-
ani.trd,
I l6oq,
i& call
,ive bc-

Thiy
J, wiu»
ica, and
■\ I'wiiii",

priztd
hi-y ulfo
rhrrc of
:ipal one

ntons of
? ami 7j
country
u'o two
rman and
nmmonly
cligion is

|d, capital
is a cek'-
jrary. It
formed
to con-
loufcs are
unii'orin,
lit; and
f, with a
lilt ftreet.
Icanal, and
gnificeiit.
:hc fiinire
William
lim at tlie
Bern was
It is 7Q
E, lat. 46

Lintain of
[outiers ot
On the
Ivliere the
gtatisfor

[hp county

Wcdnet-

ftockings

lame from

lliol, great

king of

fpital here.

sw Dur-

n r. It

Jiei'nnrdjlcwn, a town of New Jcr-
ley, ill SdiihUi'I rouniy.

1: r/iiiH, ii forlilicd town nf nmndLn-
l)Utj:, in thy Miildie mark. Tlie priu-
cip.il commr ce is in l)c«r, of which
l.irj^c cpLmtitii'S are hnwcd. It is fc.itfd
on the I'ancho, 15 m N^^■ Ikriin.

lifnuiy, a tmvti tjf I'r.nu'i-, in the de-
partment of luirc, fcatcd on tho f'^ran-
tonne, 20 m sw Kouen.

lU'r.i'iuri^t '\ *nwn of Ufjpt'r Saxony,
in tiie principaliiy of Anlialt, fe.itt'd on
till' !-..ale, 2s m sw M.ii,'(U:burg.

Dfrnnijlle^ .1 town v{ Francv.', in tho
(lepaitnu'ntot S;irro, I iiely of G( rinany,
ill tlK' <!Kiilor itr of Tievi'8. It is famowH
foi'tjood wine, atid feated on the Mofclle,
iH m s\: Treves.

iln-tif^ricj. a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Aii;hftadt, on the
AltniiiK!, 17 m ni. Aichlladt, and j8 w
Uitifhon.

Uernjhidt, a town of Silcfia, i.i the
principality of OeU, witlj a cdtle, Icat-
ul on the Weida, 10 m k Urelhiu.

Bern; a lown of France, in the de-
pariment of Moiitlis of the Rhone, for-
mtrly one of the Itrongcit towns of
Provence. It Itands on a lake of the
lame name, at the influx of a river, id
m w^ ' Aix.

Bary, a late province of France,
bounded on the n by Oileanois and
lilaiiois, K by Nivernois and Courbon-
noiii, s by Hourlionnois and Marche,
and w by Touraine and Poitou. It la
fertile in com, fruit, hemp, and flax;
and there is excellent wine in iome
pl;icei. It now forms the departments
of (^'htr and Indre.

Bfrj'ello, a town of Italy, in Mo-
(lencks with acaftle ; liated on the Ho,
at ttie influx of the Linza, 10 m nnf.
P,trma.

Bertinero, a town of Italy, in Ro-
ningiia, with a citadel, (eatcd on a hill,
10 m SS1-; Forli.

Bertrand, St. a town of Franco, in
the department of Upper Garonne. It
was lately an epilcopal lee, and is 45 m
sAiich. Lun. o 48 k, lat. 42 56 n.

BtTvie, or Inverl.'cr'vie, .1 borough of
Scutkind, ill Kincardiuefhirc, at the
mouth of tho Bervie, which forms a
harbour for linall filhing-boais, is m
KE Montrolo.

Berwick, a borough on the borders

nf England and Scotland, governed by

mayor, with a market on Saturday.

It Was once a flrong fortreis, of great

importance when England and Scotland

I were hoftile nations, to each of which it

I slttrnateiy belonged, or was conlidered

a diftri(5l feparate from both coun-

B i: s

iv'wn. It is now a county of itieif, with
a «Iiihii!l 8 m in eompalit, on tlie
Scotch iidc of the Tweed, called Her-
wick BoiindH, wliich in 1747 was an-
nexed to I.ii^lind, as part of the
l»illu)pric ot Durham. I he town in
liill forilfied, and has good barracks for
the garrilui) ; but the eadle is in ruiny.
It has a good tr.ide in wck)1, eggs, corn,
and filmon ; and has manufactures of
lacking, diap r, linen, mullin, cotton,
Itockings, carpets, and felii. Tlie num-
ber of inhabit inta was yiS; in I'of,
and 7746 in 1811. It is icated on tin;
N fide of the Tvvt'ed, ne,ir the lea, 54 m
sK Fdinhurg, and ^37 s by w London.
Lon. 1 58 w, lat. 55 45 n.

Berxuick, a town of the diftridl of
Maine, in York county, wiih an in-
corporated academy ; leatcdj on ^!al-
moii-iall river, 7 m nw York, and 86 n
by t. BoUon.

Berwick, a town of Pennfylvania, in
York county, at the head of Conewago
creek, 13 m w by s York, and 45 v.sv.
Shippeidburg.

B'^rwick, Nfiu, a town of Pennfyl-
vania, in Nortlmmberland county, on
the r. branch of the Sufquehana, op-
pofite Ncfcopech cictk, 34 m ne Sun-
bury

Berwick, North, a borough of Scot-
land, in Hadiiigtonlhire, on the frith ot*
Forth, 9 m nnk Hadington, and zz
ENB Edinbiirg.

Bcrvjickjfjire, a county of Scotland,
fonietimes calleil tsie Merle, bounded
on the N by Hadingtonlhire, l by the
German ocean, s by the I'^ngliih border
and Uoxburplhire, and w by Selkirk-
Ihire and CJiiihurglhire. It is ,•^4 m
long and 19 broad, containing 326,400
acres, and is divided into 32 parilhes.
The number of inhabitants in i8oi
was 30,621, and 30,779 in 181 1. The
s part is a fertile and plealant traift ;
and being a low and flat country, is
Ibmetimes called the How [Hollow] of
the Meiil'. The k angle is occupied by
Berwick Bounds; a diltriiJt governed by
Englilii laws. The principal rivers are
the Tweed, I^'ader, Whiteaddi.r, and
Kye. The capital is Greenlaw, but
Dunli; is the Jargell town.

Bffiiiu, a town of Spain, in Catalonia,
feate4 near the Fluvia, 14 m nnw
Gerona.

Befanfon, a fortilied city of France,
capital of the department of Doubs,
and an archiepifeopril fee. It has ."»
citadel, on a high rock, the bafe of
which touches two fides of the Doubs,
which here forms a peiiinfula ; alf;) a
univerfity, an academy of Icience, as

-^

i

mn

J

ll

n i: r

literary military (btielyi arul a public
library in tho abbey of St. Vincent.
Thr triiimpiul arcl> of Auidiin, ami
nllur Homaii anli<|iiilii.!t, arc Hill to b«;
lirn. It IS 5 » in y Dijon, ami acH tfE
pjrin. Loll. 6 } K.lat. 47 14 w-

^.' ig/ifi'fi, a town of Sii.ibia, In tlic
duchy of iVirtcmbiir'g, with two olil
callU'M. .itthircoiilluxof tfu- Ncckar and
EnH, I <; n» N by w Stutjjard.

lifilnrbiih "r iludzac, a territory of
Uiillii. on the "^w coail of tlie Id.ick
lea, lictwiciithc mouths of the Danube
and the Diiicllcr. On the bank* of the
la(t vW'-r thf Tartar inli.ibitants rove
from place to pl.icf. Tiicir common
food IS till" ficlli of oxen and horles,
chccle, ami m.ires milk. 'I'his country
bflonged to the 'I'nrks, who, by the
treaty of pt'acc in i«i2, ccdtd it to the
IluinaiK,. Bender is tlic capital.

BeJJaif, a town of France, in the de-
paitmc'ui of Alli«?N 8 m s Mi«ilin;i.

Bejjf, a town of France, in the de-
partment ofPuy de Dome, 18 m s Cltr-
moiit.

Beffittnijy a town of France, in
the department of Rhone, i; m w
Lyon.

r.ejlrkia, a town of TranCylvaria,
with nold mines in its neighbourhood.
It is 85 m Nw llcrmanftadt. Lou. a.)
45 E, Ut. 47 30 N.

Betanx.os, a town of Spain, in Ga-
licia, featcd on the Mandco, at its en-
tr.me« into a bay of the Atlantic, 38 m
NNK Compoltella. Lon. 8 6 w, lat. 43
ao N.

Bethabara, a town of N Carolina, in
the diltridtof Wachovia, noted for being
the firlt fettlement of the Moravians, in
thofe parts, begun in 175.V It is 0 in N
Salem.

Bethany^ a town of NCarolina, in the
diflriL^t of VVachov'i. It is a Moravian
fettlement, and 9 m nw Sulcni.

Bft/i/ehcm, a town of S^.ia, in Palef-
tine, famous for the birth of Chrifl. It
is fealed on the ridge of a hill, and now
an iiicoiirideiablc pl.ice, l)Ut much vilit-
cd by pilgrims. Hero is a monaftcry
toverinj; the Cave of the Nativity ; alfo
the Chapel of Joi'eph, and another of
th(.' Holy Innocents. It is 6 m s Jcru-
flikm.

Bethl-liemy a town of Pennlylvania,
xn Northimpton county, fituate on the
Leigh, a branch of the Delaware. Here
is a confidcrable manufadure of oil,
from the iced of th.. funflower, which is
ufcd for the lame purpofes as olive oil.
The town being partly on an eminence,
and partly on the bank oftheManakes (a
fine creek) has a pleafant and healthy
fituation, and js vifited in furamer by

ill-: gentry from diflercnt p.'irts. It ii
the princi;)d feltlei. cnt in .America of
till! Nloravi.inn, who wfp* Hxcd hi-rc
by count Zinzendorf, in 1741. Divine
frrvic'-' iit p<'rfot:Tii(l and education

f;!vcn, both in the German and Kng.
i(h linjfuigcM. Bt'thlchcm is 5,1 m
NNvv Phil.idelphia. Lon. i\ i) w, lat.

4'">.j7 '"*•

Hethlthem, a town of New York, id

Albany county, noted for excellent
butt(;r.

Bft/itirti', a fortified town of France,
in the tlcp:irlnn'nt of l'a« tie Calain, with
a caillc. It was tak'-n by the allies in
irio, and nil )reil by the treaty of
Utrecht. It is tcated on a rock, by
the river Breite, 1 jo m n Paris. Lon.
a 2^ K, lat. 50 41; M.

liftltt/, a lov n in Stiflordlhirc, with «
market on Tr.eCday, 18 m nnw Staf-
ford and 157 Lomlon.

lief a t, a city of Ali,;tic Turkey, and
thi,' northern capital of Kurdiltan. It is
the rclidcice of a bty, who is neither
tubjcct to tlicTurka nor Peifians, and
has a numerous army of horlemen and
infaiuty. It Hands on theKhabur, in a
highly cultivated valley, and has acaltle
on the lop of a mountain th?t boiind.t
the plain on the w. It is no m k by w
Diarbeker. Lon. 4a 30 F., lat. y, 40 N.

Beltip'i, a town of Hindooftan, in
Bahar, 85 m nkw Patna.

Betitwe, an iiland of Holland, in Gel-
derland, 40 m lonj and 10 broad,
formed by the bifurcation of the Rhine
above Nimcguen, and by the union of
its Itream"., under different appellations,
near Worcnrn. It was the ancient Ba-
tavia, a. id formerly gave the name of
Batavceren, or Batavi.ins, to the inha-
bitants of the Dutch Netherlands. In
this 'Hand tii;? anceltors of the prefent
race firll: fettled, whoi they emigrated
from Germany. The principal place it
Nimeguen.

Bevecum, a town of the Netherlands,
in Brabant, 10 m s Louvain.

Bcveland Nort/it and i<cutfi, two
idaiuls of Holland, in Zealand, be-
tween the E and w branches of the
ScI.eldt.

Beverfrern, a town of Weftphalia, in
the principa ity of Munfter, on the
river Ems, 5 m NwTecklenburg.

Beverley, a borough in Ii Yorkfliire,
govfrncd by a mayor, with a market on
Wednefday and Saturday. It has two
churches, befide the minfter ; and a
large market-place, adorned with a
beautiful crofs. The chief trade is in
malt, oatmeal, and tanned leather. It
is famous for being the retirement of I
John de Beverleyi archbifliop of York,

who lived licrp f,,
"'llcry, ami did
wlioai (eveial kin^
itaii, who chofi! hi
'lowed the pl.ue
The number of in
'^"i and 67 J f ill
"ir the liver Mull
i'ld i8j N London

HfVcrlei/, a town

Filcx county, fcpar
;t liandtbme britlgc.
ture has been caaljl
ni NKflorton.

Beveruni;;en, a tf
ill the priiicip.ility 0
».oiifIiix of the Bcvi
>« I'aderborn.

Revenuyck, a tow
I'li; Wyckcrmecr, wl
>viih the Wye, 7 1
I' sby w Alcmaer.

Beut/ien, a town o
1 lord/hip of the lam
near a branch of the
t'trs of Poland, 45
bn. i« 5, B, |;„. ^^

Beuthen, a town of 1
cipilityofCarolath, «
rjmNwGIogau. 1
Hnudley, a boron
11" '.• with a market
^t^ 1 good trade in
•iiiJ 110:1 ware ; and
f'l I'y Jame.s i. Jt
I ^wi-n, /4 m N \y^

LiMdoil.

^'•^■t a town of S
C'Kon of Hern, noted
4jnisvvBern.
Sfxis, a town of S
anj the chief place o
'"o'to the order of C
01) an eminence, furr<
[•^"is, aim .v\v .Segor
f^tziers, a city of F
partmentoflleiault,
I ^i'-- The remains of
fcriptions, befpeak
ibr. itisfeatedneai
•na hill, at the foot of
|Uibrc, 40 m sw Mo
';,/'l'»t.43 -N.
'>nnri/>uur, a town
|.H;n(looil,n, in the p
, "5 B"ti,Ti took it bvfl
J''S38mw Agra. ^
J. r"".?"".?. a city of

In zc to ihe capital, b
I "ding, are of more

jnccandtheltreetsm
BisamECatmandu.
\ i^haivamkudal, a t(
pcapitalofthcvpa

It it

lo.t of
I h.rc
Divine
c.itiun

5.1 '"

w, Idt.

,)rk, ill
ccllciit

'nncf,
in, with
Uliei in
eaty of
)ck. by
Lon.

, with a
w Staf-

:cy, and
in. It is
i neither
"lans, and
men and
ibur, in a
ts a calUe
't bounds
m K by w

?>) 40 N.
otiiiOi in

, in Gel-
broadt

the Rhine
union of

(C'llations,

icicnt 13a-
name of
the inha-
ands. In

He prefciit
emigrated
)al place i»

itherlands,

mth, two
land, be-
hes of the

tphalia, in
r, on the

Yorkflnre,
market on
It has two
W ; and a
M with a
[trade is in
leather. It
[irement of
, of York,

IJ II A

who lived here four yari, built \ mo-
rnllery, and died in 721. Iti honour of
whO'Tj (evi.Mai kinffs, pnrtioul.irly AthcU
ihm, who clioli* hirn ^ti.udi in liii.t, en-
■lowed ihi' placT with miny privileged*
'{'III' n umber of inhabitanta was 5401 In
H-', and67ji In 1811. It it ^Mted
II' ir the rivor Hull, 18 jn v. by s York,
ind 18 { N London. Lon. o 13 w, lat.

Kevcrlty, .1 town of Mair.ichiifets, in
Eilcx county, (Vp.iratcd from S.iirm by
,1 li.uidl'omc briil>;c. A cotton minuf-ic-
turc has b«-cn el^abliihcd here It is at
r.i N K fiodon.

Bi-vfruni^fii, a town of Wi'ftphnlla,
111 the princip.ility of Padcrborn, at the
conflux of the Ucvcr and Wcfer, 24 in
»t I'adorbctrn.

Bt'vfr<vi/ck, a town of N Holland, on
ihi; VVyckermccr, which communicates
wiih the Wye, 7 m N lUrlem, and
II s by w Alcmaer.

Reutlien, a town of Silerta, capital of
ilurdlhip of th(! fame name. It (lands
iii'ir a branch of the OdcT, on the fron-
tiers of Poland, 45 m ene Ratifbon.
L'jn. 18 5 3 B, lat. 50 ji N.

Beuthen, a town of Silefia, in the prin-
cipality of Carolath, on the river Oder,
!j m Nw Glogau.

Htivdky, .1 borough in Worccftcr-
fnii '; with a market on S:iturd.iy. It
his .1 good trade in malt, leather, fait,
aiui iron ware ; and a fri'tfdioo! found-
f'l by James 1. It ts leaicd on the
Govern, 14 m N W^-':.iU'r, and 129 nw
London.

Sa', a town of SwifTcrland, in tho
cnton of Hern, noted for its fall rocks,
4j m s\v Berti.

Six'ts, a town of Spain, in Valencia,
jnj the chief place of a diftrict bclong-
ing'to the order of Calalrava. It ftands
on an eminencf, furrounded by moun-
tains, a; m .vw Segorbe.

Eazierj, a city of France, in th(' de-
Ipirlmeiit of lleiault, lately an epifcopal
fo.'. The remains of a circus and fomi:
infcriptions, befpeak its ancient gran-
deur. It is feated near the Hoya) canal,
una hill, at the foot of which flows the
Oibrc, 40 m sw Montpcllier. Lon.
|.i li p., lat. 43 2^ N.

l]hart/>uur, a town and fortrefs of
iHriclooilin, in the* province of Agra.
I'llie Britiih took it by ftorm in 1805.
I't is 38 m w Agra.

I Bliatj^nntr, a city of Napaul, inferior
linfizeto the capital, but its palace and
iDiiildings are of more ftvikmg appear-
jjnci?, and the llreets much cleaner. It
JisSmE Catmandu.

hkaiuanikudal, a town of Hindoo-
|*w, capital of the v part gf Coimbetore.

HID

ll hat a tutnoiM fnit, ,tiul two celebrated
tcmplcH. Many new lioufin are crc&ted*
and the place is rapiilly incrcaluiK on x
rcnul.ir pl;ni. It is fc.tttd in ,> Hni- coun-
try, at ilu- coiidux of tin lllnw.ini wit It
the I'avrry, j6 m tuv. (.'oimbtt'»iei anj
100 »t Scriijgipatam. L»"«- 77 47 ^t

lilt. II )6 N.

Bi/i/iirti, a counir;- of Oninci, to thn
IE of Benin, of which little is known ;
but is faid to 'lave a cipital of the lame
nam*', on die river ('.una. ones, whicli
enter-< the Atlantic in lon. 1 1 30 b, lat.

Rifir, a town of Spain, in Valencia.
Its principal riches conlift in honey, co
lebrated for it.i whitciiel's and folidity.
It is 6 m K Villena.

liibfnic/it a town of Suahia, with a
manufatfturc of fiiftians, fi-atcd in a fer-
tile valley on the Reufs, 2j m ssw Ulni.

Riherjberf^t a town of Upper Hun-
gary, 15 m N Prcniiiip.

Bibrat a town of Upper Saxony, in
Thuringia, frequented on account of its
mineral fpring. It i.s 9 m j Qnerfiirt.

Bicfjler, a town in Oxfordlhirc, with
a market on Friday, 1 1 m nne Oxford,
and 54 m w by N London.

Bic/io<iu, a town of Lithuania, in the
palatinate of .Minlk, fituate on the
Dnieper, 20 in nne ilohac/.ow.

Bickaneer, a town of Hindooltan, ca-
pital of a circir, in the country of Agi-
mere. J t is 42 m w Nagorc. Lon. 74 o
E, lat. 27 12 N-

Bidrtclif, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Pyr-mees, with a
caftle, feated on the Bidoufe, 12 m f.
Bayonne.

Bit/nJ/oa, a river of Spain, which rifes
in the Pyrenees, and enters the bay of
Bifcay, between Andaye and Fontara-
bia. Tlii'i river w.is long a fubje«ft of
difpute between Frincc and Spain ; but
it is now common between the two na-
tions, and the duties are paid on the
landing fide by thofe who pafs over.

Bidbiir,!^., a town of the Netherlands,
in the duchy of Luxemburg, 30 m nne
Luxemburg.

Biddfford, a feaport of England, in
Devonlhiie, governed by a mayor, with
a market on Tuefday. It has a trade in
coal, culm, timber, and oik bark, alfo
in the herring and Newfoundland fi(h-
eries. A grrat (juantity of Welch limc-
ftone is burned here ; and there is a
large pottery. It is feated on the Tor-
ridge, 16 m s by w Ilfracomb, and 201
w London. Lon. 4 la w, lat. 51 4 N.

Btddeford, a feaport of the dillridt of
Maine, in York county. The county
courts are fometimes held here. It is
fituatc on the feacoaft, at the mouth of

?i

. '!

1

[)

j^

i':

III.' Saco, 14 m Mw Purflintl. f.«>n.
70 I.', w, lilt. ,n ij w

hiililrnnrf\ fti- Sajfarf.

liiJ iiftir, a lowii iif .lirulooft.in, in
AU«|u».;ul, Willi .1 foi» 01. a (lap .»ml
Irfry 1 ck. v> "» • Dfn,irni

/I'/V*';., .» town i>f Po'.tinl, III Crico-
wUi f.im<iii'< for Im iiiiiurt of vitriol i
ft;iii«l (III tiiir U'»r I »iit', 50 m »r, Cr.i-

L'UW

/;<>/, or /.////«.*>. .. .o»n of Fruiicc, in
the il<.piitni<iil (»rUp(Hi KU'.ii.', Iitcly
till* L-apit.il «it' ,1 itiMp tcriitniy in tin:
liidiopticnt bjifil. 1 1 |i;ti'(h m*;u- .1 Uki*
nt llic fame ti;mii', on tlic livtT Siifn, iM
m sth rduritru.

Difh, a town of Pi.ilmcnf, rir.ii' tlic
river (''rv;i, z.\ in w \ iMctlli.

liir/J'ilJ, n town of VVrll:pl;.ili:i, in tiic
cniiiitv ol K.ivitifbir^;. 'I'lic lint n m.nlc
.iihI IiU.uIm'iI here lu nuicli cllcimcd.
It Ik iI! m V Lipn.idt.

llli/t^oif),/, ;i town of Unfli.!, in tin-

Sovtrnrvtnt of Kiiilk, arul an ;irclil)i-
lop'H ft'i'. I'lcviiindy to fj-ji), it uiin
the c.ipit.i! of ;in ixttnlivi- uoviini: cnt,
n( till- titTic n;imt,'. It it; (t.iti il on tlic
Donft/,, 80 ni ssw Km Ik. J.dn. 36 40

h, I.TI. _r,o .ic X.

riehrorni.', or /liarnirin. a flroni: town
of Ik nbibi.i. on tlic co.ifl of the Ul.uk
fiM, at tlic month i/ftlic nnirlUi. 7'. in
BSK Hriulir. Lon. ,11 i ;, K, lat. 46 8 s.

tlit'loL a itiwn of Riiina, in tlu* f,'o-
vcintncnt i-f Smolciilk, 60 m ne Smo-
Icnlk.

Liilozerjlt a town of UnfTi.i, in tho
povcri;nnnt of Novogorod, on the s
Mv of the lake Pitio, 210 m nk Novo-
gorod. Lon. 57 50 K, lat. V) .<o n.

Bicljkt ii town of I'olaiui, capital of
Polpcia, feati'd on tin? Biala, one of the
fourccs of thr Nirew, i p m i- s k W.ir-
faw. I.on. 2^ 39 E, lat. 53 Ao s.

Licrvlut, a town of th'' Netherlands,
In Flanders, litnatc on the VV Schi-ldt,
and on a fniall ifland of its name, 20 m
NNw Ghent.

iJifrgor, a town of Scotland, in I.a-
ncrklliire, with a hinidlbnie chinch ;
featnl cm a hill, 10 m m: Cornwath.

liifrsT'cJki-atltt, a town in Htdfordniiir,
with a market on Tuifdny, featiil on
the Ivil, 10 m ESE Bedford, and 45 nnw
London.

/j/ij-wor, a hamlet in Surry, 3 m nnw
>^rnndel, famous for one of the filled
tefTclated privemf.'nts extant in England,
difcovcied in j8i i.

Bi^orrf, a late province cf France,
hounded on the N by Armagnac, e by
C-ommingts, w by Beam, and s by the
Pyrenees. See Pyrmces, Upper.

Bi^uhcif a kingdom on the w coaft of
-Africa, watncd by the Rio Grande

n 1 1.

The c«pttiit ii of the fim«> n.nme, feiifit
on ilic river« lou m from ii« mouth
I. on. I J 50 w, II i» V.

/-////I/ •, a town of llung.iry, in Cio.
atta, fi'.itid on an ifle I'oimcd by the
river Una, 65 ni ir Carllbdt. Lon.
16 y. K. lat. .(4 51 .V.

l>ilt4>orn, 4 town of I'nropc.iM 'I'ltr.
key, in M.icedonia, fe.iteil on the Var*
(Ur. ;o m h'^i Seopia.

Hilhda, H fejport of Spiin, i'.ipital of
H'le.iy. The ii|)p r put in built niollly
of woi.d, and h.M natrow lltet tx, which
terminate in a );re.tt fcimirc ( the lowtr
nan ii of fr« ellone and biiik, with liiir
bnud (trctl^. The lunilei are Lithii
\\\^\\ mill t'lilly inhahiicd. The piinei
|jal (xporti) are wool, oil, ihrOinitx,
fword-hl.nU*. and oilier inannfuMiirri
in iion and Iteil. In iMi :, ilic I'leiich
ev.icnatid lliiit town, and utietllictii-
ally relilted by the SpaniardH in two
attemptH to regain poHinion. It it
fi.ited ill a fertiU' country, «»n I hi- Ih.n-
c'.ibal, which tormH ,1 good h.irbonr near
the hay of Hifcay, 50 m w by » St. Sc
b:inian. and iHo n by r. Madrid. Lon.
a 4H w, 4 J 14 N.

l!i/f/i;//on..\ town in Suffolk, with amir-
ket on Wediufdajr, leated on tlif; Mrf.
ton, I a m !>K liiiry, and 6.; ni: London.

tUhluli^ttidt a conniry of l>.nbary,
boiiiidf d on the N by Algiers and Tunis,
i by Tripoli, s by (Juergula, and w by
Tnggmt. The air is hoi and unhealiliy.
The tonntiy is monntainons and fir.dy,
producing little fnflenance,except dates,
which are in fnch great abundance that
it isfretjuently called thcLand of IXites;
and this fruit is exchanged with the
neighbouring countries for whe;it. It
has alfo a r.ace of horlcR, famous for
their fwiftnefs and rapidity ortravellirit;.
The inhabitaiitH are deenit 1 lewd, tna-
chtroiis, tliievifh, and cruel. 'Fhey niv a
mixture of ancient Africans and wilii
Arahs ; ihc former living in towns, and
the latter in tcnis. The chief trading
towns arc Fighig and Gademia.

Lilin, a town of Bohemia, in the cir-
cle of Leitmeritz, near a mountain uf
itii name. 17 m w Leitmeiit/.

liUii:^, a town of Moravia, with a
eaftle, and a conliderable maiiniaClun
of clotli ; fitnate on the Biala, and thf
verge of Poland, iK m kne Tefchen.

BiUcrica, a town of MallachuretP, in |
Middlcfcx county, near the river Con-
cord, 20 m nnw Bofton.

BiUericiiy, a town in KlFex, with .i|
market on Tucfday, feated on a hill,
9 m s\v Chelmsford, and 2.^ e London. I

Bil/efdon, a town in Lcicefterf irc,|
with a market on Friday, 8 m E Ltictf-j
ter, and 93 n by w London.

Ilif/om, « tow

pertinent of Pi

411 nnlii'enec, m

Hilnuih, 1 VI f

h'tween IV/zn

lar^WMiiretcn

Bit,iiht » tiwii

wa, eipit«| of ,1

dueiiiif fxcrll.fif

*■ ()iJi(cln. L'.ii

Bil/'fH, A town

da territory of I,

"'•'■ Bilfcn, a ctii

iltiion ami .if,|„.y

lituiteon the U^i

/)'/'///»/■/», .1 ti,,

W'itphali.i, litiii

m -ttK ArriWburK.

Biljlon, a town i

has A n.ivigablc cii

Willi the St.iHor,|

Ihiie nnals .m,!

Nf.ir it arc lirgo

ftonr. 5cc. alio f

ll'ttiiig millu ; .i,„|

;)jnnc(| an. I , ti m

number of inh,ibit;i

•iiiil 964/'j in igii.

»i'rhimpton, and 1

Uimiiii, one of 1

rnr the channel o<

jnd nearly ai much
harbour. Lon. 79
Bi/nlrpatiUn, ;i t
in Oolconda, ffatri
g.il. urn w Vifigap

Binaros, a town
I'lted near the M
mouth of a river, ■
hiiboiir, 7 m N by
s Tortof 1.

Binbrookt a town
a market on VVcdnt
coin, and 157 v Lo
Binch, a fortified
'lids, in Hainault,
9 m E Mons.

Binchfjier, a villa
Durham, on the riv
ham. By feveral .,
"umenis, it appear,
Koman Vinovium ;
wins have been dug
P'"J.^azi, a town o
*ita a harbour for fr
iolometa.
, ^'".^fn, a tc .vn of
PJrtment of Mont
|J>erni.iny,inthearcl
JatPd at the connu

I'ncRhine, rjmwbv
. Bingen/ic-im, a to

Jemcic of Upper
I ' rankfort.

(1

II

mouth

,with.Tnir-

on \\\<- lUe-

In I'. London.

)f !>,irl).vy.

.iiulTuiii.

ami v I'y

unlH'alil'y.

and lanily,

xctpt dates,

uulanct' that

ilof IMi's,

with the

whtMt. It

famous f'>r

trAvc'lliiit;-

Ifwtl, trt'.v

They an- a

uis and wild

towns, ami

hict trading

mia.

a, in the cir-
nountain i)t

it/.

ravia, with a
manulaCturf
iala, and tlif
Tifchen.

^tlachuicts. m

he river Con-

KiFtx, with a
;d on a hill,
z:^ E London.
Lciccfterf in".
8 m E Ltictl-
n.

ni N

Bil/nm, A ti>wn of I', inci». In titr tff**
ptrtrncnt of l*uy tic Dunic. i't-atcd uii
.111 nnhrpncc. n m knk drrmont.

HilmaH, 1 vift arid d«ft'rt of AMci,
b>t\vi'eii I'cir/.iii :iMi| Mornoti, wliicll
lanvKii arc ten day* padliMf.

Ui!,iih, n t')VMioi IliiKiooiiiK, ill \f.iU
W.I, cipitnl o1 II circ>ir. ttotiil fui pro*
diu'iti||( t-xcfll'tit totucco- It in I Din
t ()<i|(ciii. L'lii. 77 <4 r. lit i{ {o N.
Hil/fH, A town tif till' Ni'tlti rl.iiiili, in
ila firritory «)f L!>yr. Ncir it in Mini*
III I HiU'cn* a crUhr.ilcil tfitip iimI loiiti-
il.iinMi and ahlti-y fir iioldc l.idici. It i*
litmtcon till" UcniiT, i? m nnw Licj^r.
m/fi*i», A ti»wii ot the ititcliy of
W<it|>h.ili.i. Iitn\tf ot) .1 mountain, 24
m -(tK Aifiilhun;.

Hil/lon, a town in Statforillhiro. which
hji a n.ivi|.rahlci'unl that coinninnicttci
with the .StaHiiidlhirc and VVorci-rtfi-
ihii'" canals and fcvci.il ^riMt rivers.
Near it arc Ifpo niini-s of coal, iron-
Itonf. 5cc. alfo funiacea, forifM, and
IliltiiiK iniltii ; and manufidliirci) of j.i*
;)jniii.(l and tniincllid goiuli. Tin:
numbtT of iiiliabitants w.i« 6;i4 in iHoi,
.iiul i>64<i in 181 1, ll is i in sk WoI-
Tcrhanipton, and 11 nw Uirininj^'ham.

Bitfiiiii, one of tlir Bahama lllinda.
tirar the channel o^ Bahama, H m lon^,
4nd nearly as much broad. It has .a gond
harbour. la>n. 79 ^o w,lat. si o n.

Bitnlf/'dftifn, a t.)wn of Ilindoollan,
!n Oolconda, foatrd on the bay of Ben-
j.il, limn Vifigapatam.

Binaroj, a town of Sp.ijn, in Valonci.i,
lV\ted near the MeilitcrraniMn, at the
mouth of a river, which forms a finail
harbour, 7 m n by E Penifcola, and a^
s Tortofa.

Binbrooi, a town in Lincoln niire, with
» market on Wodnefday, 30 m ne l..iii«
coin, and 157 n London.

Binch, a fortified town of the Nothor-
Imds, in Hainault, on the river Ilayc,
9 m E Mons.

Binc/ifjler, a village in the county nf
Durham, on the river Were, near Dur-
ham. By feveral infcription? and mo-
numents, it appears to hav( been the
Roman Vinovium ; .and m.iny Koman
coins have been dug up here.

Bini^azi, a town of Barbary, in Barca,
with a harbour for fmall vcireis, 35 m sw
Tolometa.

Bin^fn, a tt ,vn of France, in the dp-
parimcnt of Mont Tonncrc, lately of
Germany, in the archbilhopricof .Montz ;
featpd at the conflux of the Nahu with
the Rhine, 1 5 m w by s Ment/,.

Bingenlielni, a town of Ciermuny, in
thecirclcof Upper Rhine, 16 m nne
Frankfurt.

H I R

Jf/»ff A/iw, » town in Mottltijf'i.imnifr^,
wiihti nnrkrton ThiirfMiv, > m k Not*
tinsham, and itt n by w London.

^;«*if////, dto'vn In VV Yorklhire, with
n m\rki:( 011 TucUtay, fctiirtt on th"
.Aire, 14 m <*K .Sltiptoii, and %qi nmw
l.oridoii.

Hithio^ theliirgcft river of Chili, wliich
rifcii in the Andci, run<i ihriiuj-h vein*
of Ridd and I'tcldi* ot' firlap.irilla, and,
p.)l1i;)K the city of Conception, cntcrt
tlie Hacilk' ocliM In lat. ,46 /,'$ '«. It is
tU<' b.Himlarv Ikiwiimi the Spaniard"*
■,v\iX thtir Iiidi in incinic<, whikh obli}(cit
tlieni to keep flroiig girrifoiik on itt
b.inkf^.

IVioniehur'ix a town of Sweden, \n
I'inl ind, near the iitoiitli of the Kune,
in, the (;iilf of Hothnia, 75 m n Abo.
Lon. x\ 5 », lit. fti 41 N.

/I'/r, or llcrr, a town of Afiatic Tur-
key, in Di.irbcck, with a e.illle. It
It.iud:) oil the Kuphr.itoi, near a high
mountain, in a fruitful country, (to no
NK Aleppo.

Ilirli'tntiit a town of Hiiidiioflan, in
IK-iis'ali ^><'> m Wiiw Moot Hud ibad, and
II r, NNW Calcutta.

Lirkeupl.l, a town of Fr.mcp, in the
dep.utineiit of Sarre, l.itely of (Jcrmany,
in the circle of Upper Rhine; (e.ited ne.ar
the river Nahe, 35 m ksk Trcvoi.

Dirmalh an extenltvc empire in Afia,
to the K of the bay of Bengal ; contain-
ing the kingdoms of Birmah, Callay,
Aracaii, and I'egu, ami all the w coalt
of Sjar The kingdom of Birmah, fre-
quently called Ava, from tlie name of
its anc.ent capital, has I'cgu on the s,
Airim on tlie n, Ar.acan and Caifay on
the w, and China and Upper Siam on
the K. This kingdom was con(|iitrcd. in

1752, by the king of l'e;;u, who carried
the Birtnan monarch prili)iur to I'egu,
and cauied him to be murdered there in
1754. But Alompra, a Mirman of low
diltiniftion, who was continued by the
cnnqucroraa chief at .Monchab(in,a Imall
place to the n of Ava, revolted agaiiill
the Pegueic, got poUinion of Ava, in

1753, and after continued battles, with
various fuccels. became the conqueror
of Pegu in 1757. This deliverer of his
country continued in a Hate of warfare
to his death in 1760; and his llicceHors
have addi'd the other countries, which
now form the Birman enipiie. The
climate of Hirmah is very l.'dubriou8 ;
the leatbiis being regular, and the ex-
tremes of hoar and cold feldom t.<pe-
rienced. Tiie foil is rcmarkatjly firtilc,
producing rice, fugar-canes, tobacco,
indigo, cotton, and all the tropical fruits
in perfection ; and on the banks of the

y

u.

•^ •

■I

'■y ■

ni u

IrrHWiuMx* whiih rum « tlirounH th(*
whoir country. Ii prntUnxt pure 4mhcr
niut the fliii'lt triik linilc t in ll'«* Morltt.
Tii« kingdom of Hiinuli nNouikU in
minrnli I It h«ii minrtof t*>U\, iUvrr»
rubin, .mtl (jpphlrfii , ami iiltord* •m«-
tlivlN. ^AtiMlt, tUryUtlUt-^, jtlptr, load*
llonc, and miirl»li'. 'I'lf ir«ncr.d dll*
p«>nticn of thf Hirmjtnii ii Itrikinf ly con-
tr«li<'tl with thit of the n.itivt* of Ilin*
doollan, th«>iij^:li (^p.iratcd only hy .1
narrow rUlKc of moonlaint, in Jivir.ii

?t.icr> Admitting of nn 1 >fy intcrcourii*.
'h«* DIrm.in* arc a llvi-ly inquifitivr r.ic«*,
x^livr. iralcibk, niul inipatii nt ; Uut tlie
cliaraClcr of their Menu 1 1 iici|{hl»ouri ii
known to Ih* thi- ri«vf rk*. The? pillion of
jcalouly, which |'ron»pt* mofl fallirri
iiiition* to iinmiir*' tlmr women, nnil
(iirronnci them with guards, Ici-mi to
hnvf! little inilucnc« on ihc mindnof the
Birmaiii t for their wivi^ »tu\ duiKhtrrA
have a« free int'-roourlc with the other
li'X a% the mien of Liiroprau fnciety ad*
niit' The Hirnuni are extiemciv fond
both of portry and nuilic ; and tlu ir
Ianpu.i(!e h.n occn highly cultivated in
cotnpolition, for they have niitnerous
work* in religion, hiltory, and Iciencc
Thiir religion ii, in fa^l, that of the
Hindoo!, though thty are not votaries
of Brama. but (eiJlaries of Boodh, which
■ulmits not of ihf dillindlinn of calls or
the (epamiion of the people into here-
ditary profcffiopn. Their (yllem of jti-
rifpruilcncc is dillinpuilhcd altovc any
other Hindoo commtiit.iry for pcrlpi-
cuity and j;ood lenfe. The emperor
of Hirnuh is a defptjtic monarch, and
like the lovcreign of China, acKnow-
Jcdpefl no equal : the prevailing charac-
terillic «)t' hii court is pride. 'I'herc
«rc no hereditary dignities or employ-
men's in the governnicnl ; ftn* all ho-
nours and oflic<'s, on the dcmilo of the
poHefror, revert to the crown. The ca-
pital of the kinjjdom, and metropolis of
the empire, is Unimt ripoora.

Dirwintr/ia.fi, a town in Warvvick-
(hirc, with a market on Thurlday. It
is a place of great antiquity, and itancis
on tile fide of a hill, lormirig nearly a
half-moon. Thi; lower part is filled
with workftiops and warehonfcs, and
confifls chiefly of did buililings. The
upper part contains many new and re-
gular nrcets, and a handfoinc l(|uarc.
It has two churches ; one in the lower
part of the town, which, though i.itely
cafed with brick, Is a very ancient
building, with a lofty fpirc ; the other,
a grand modern ftrudture, having a
fquare ftone tower, with a cupola and
turret : it has alfo two chapels, fcveral

fM^^ln|f.houfr«, a hr^c lehool tndoWdi
by I'dward Vl, .111 rlr^ oil ihi.ilrr, urut
|l'< ( uinnN tril fit of bjlhi in th<* kiii)(-
dmii i'tii' h.irdware manuf.i^hires nf
Hirminuh mi h \\t I eett iiolitl for 4 Con*
fldrrablc pcnnd , but of late yrais, hy
freat addition* 10 il> iradt* from 4 v.tit
v.irii ty III .itticln, fiuli -in niit4l bulliitn,
buck I) •, plated t(<iod>. Jap-iiincd and [i|.
pi r w.iie, Kc. it h^i nil n greatly in p<f
pulatioii. The nuitilfr of inhdbit.uiti
wa» 73,6^0 in I Ho I, .iiid M*.;^ j in iHu.
It is pl«iiiifully lupphed with cnal U
means of a can4l to Wediufbiiry t iiii«t
it has a communication with thu tirwml
Triint; from ihr Tieiit to ihr Scvun.
by a branch p.dling by Wolverliamptun,
'I he Itirmirighain gooils are exported in
great qunilitieit to foreign coiintric',
where, in point of cheapnefa and Om.v
united, they arc unrivalled. Sec Sefn.
nirmin;;ham is iM ni nw Coventry anil
109 London. Loti. 1 ^o w, hit. >,% ion.
Ilirr, a ttiwii of Ireland, in Ki.i-
county, near the borthri of Tippn.ny,
,U m NK. Limerick, and 34 nnw K.-
kcnny.

///Wi", a town of Scotland, in Ab*r-
dernniire, felted on the Dee, 38 m \f
Aberdeen.

llirtlty, a village in the county of
Durham, 10 m n uurham, noted Kir j
valuable fait fpring, and .iii txtcafivc
nianufadhire of^falt.

Hhvitfcn, a town of Spain, in OM
Caltile, 1,^ m n Hur^oi.

IJirxa, a town «,f Poland, in Samo-
gitia, 4am nh .M it tail.

lii/iircid, a town of Naples, in I'rin
cipato Ultra, if n» M'. t'onza.

Bijiara. a town of Algiers, in llir
province of Coiillantina, and tlio chid
place of the diHrii'.t of Z.iab. It in ,ii^
ancient town, lao m «sw Conltantina.
Lon. ; 12 w, lat. ,.43 35 n

Ptijcnf/, a province of Sp.nln, 70 ml
long antl 55 broad; bounded on the n
by the bay of Hifcay. k by Upper N,i-
varre, s by Old CalHIe, and w by A;-
turias. It contains three divilions, i'lil-
cay I'roper, Ouipiifcua, and Alava;|
and is a kind of republic, in the hint!
of the nobility, under the proteiHion otl
tlu- crown. Here arv neither garrilon*|^
cuflomhoiifes, Aamps, nor cxcife ; anc!
of all the royal taxes, none arc kiiowid
but the donativo, or giatuitous domj
tion. Biftay receives by mere condtj
Iceiifion a conegidor, and a commifl'iri
of marines ; but iloet not permit ani
order of the Spanilh government to
executed without the fandtion ot ih|
province. It produces apples, or.mgej
and citrons ; and has alfo wood for buil<l

fftrf r»dp4, and
Thr Uik^y nil
J'ric to a pro
b«)lirrr drritM
They f|,r4k the
l'»'ire, which I
♦>il»rr In i:i)i.,p

• he AtJaiiiit, 1,1

'".';■ r M w, I,

of Ufh.iii», ill |«„

Hihuy, Ari(

.ip.iln, ill Ihr .iu

hounded ».n ih(

'•y foh.diuih am

eatrcasandCiui.

Ii.ican. CInuloa,

londdeMbl*- cxti

< d , and the fro

warlike ..nd Civa;

bids collceird t«)

mai/e. Tf„. pr„

P'lly of hijfi, Vif,

many rich (liver m
capital.

. ^>f<^ofjhin,, a
'" the duchy „f vi
th'- iauber. ,0 m
Another, fcatej „,
'•y Wurtzburg.

fi'Mjlaek, a t(
Cirniola, withagoi
*»r/led, 1 7 m w b

ii»j'choff<uierda, a
0"y. »» Mi/nia. I
'«'J. the Prulliail
over the French ,,
frJted on the VVeifJ
Jen. '

Bifctio/jiwerJtrt a|
'^e province of Obi
0ri,a8mNK Culml

tijcho/iell, 'a towl
Thur^au, with .i c\

fonfluxoflheSiitef
Lonftancc.

^ifchiveiJer, a tov

'Ifpartment of Low

'ortrcfs, 14 m w by]

,, I'l'X-'i", a town o\

JiBan.onahill.neal

^m^Trani. [

Bi/erta, a fcaport

of he MediterrancJ

"ftl*.' and batteries, r

JY at the entrance

"fl, which is the inle
foutaomin diamJ

ommunicatesbyanJ
/econd of the laml

*'^';nJ«;bothofrJ
50 fathoms deep. anJ
"•""try extremely^

In^ i>tip«, und mine* uf irun and Irad.
Thr IlifLuyiiu «rr ilntit. I)r4vr. tiitil ihiH
Icric to » provi'ili I ,tnU Ihclowtil li.
bourrr drvm« himfclf « g* iiilciii m.
TItry rpr4k tlic nuu nt CiittAbrUri Un«
giMKr, which h4i nt .liiiniiy with niiy
t>iUrr in l''.iiiup«v Itilhoa i« ihi cjpii.ii.
bifttiff% Hoif nft an I xtt tidvr tuy of
(he AtUntici tKrtwcrii (ape Orttval, in
Urn. 9 .^3 w, lat. 4.) 4II n, ^nd I he illc
«if irin^ni, in Ion. 5 o w. lat. 41) )o n .

fl//««y, A'Mir, « province of N«*w
5p.iini ill the .luilicm A of (MM«l.il.ix.nriii
hoiiiHlcd on the N hy N<. wv Mexico, t.
Iiy Cohahuil.i *inl N« w I,«*oii, 9 hy '/.t
c.itvcis AiidOiudiil ix.ir.i, 4iul w hy Cii-
liidn, Cinulo.li .tiul Sonor4. It in of
conndrrnblr cxtinti but tliinly inh.tbit*
cd i and till* frontifm Jirc Ini'cfted hy
warlike and fivaj^e Indian*, wlio live in
litit* CollrClt'd ti)K«'thcr, and rtiltiv.itr
m.ii7«'. 'I'ho provinc*' confifti princi-
pally of hi^h t.ihle l.ind. .ind containi
tiLitiy rich lilvcr niinei. Dnian^o i» tlit*
capital.

hi/th<^fjhfim, a town of Fr.nnconi.1,
in the duchy of Wurt/hiirg, fiate«l on
ihf 'I'anhcr, 10 m unvv Wnrt/hurj?. —
Annttifr, fcated on thr Rhnm, 44 in n
byr Wnrt/burg.

Bijehofjlaek^ a town of fJerm.iny, in
C.trni(>la, with agood trul*' in linen and
worlU'd, 17 m w by N Liuh.uh.

BiJiho/pwerJat a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in Mifnia. Ilcrr, in Scpti'mbcr
iHij, ihf PiuHianH gained a vi<5lory
liver the Frrnch and Saxons. It is
fratcd on the WcifcritZi 1 1 in k Dref-
ilen.

Bifchofj'werdtrt a town of IVuiria, in
tte provinci' of Obcrland, on the rircr
Ofi. 28 m NF. Culm.

Bifcho/teU,'A town of SwifTfrland, in
Tliurvjau, with a caftic; fc.Ucd at the
conflux ot the Sitter and Thur, urns
Conft.incc

Bifc/iivei/er, a town of France, in tho
ilfpartmont of Lower Rhine, wilh a
fortrefs, 14 m w by n Haguenau.

Bijeif.'ia, a town of Naples, in Terra
diBari, on ahill, nearthc gulf of Venice,
im K Trani.

Bij'erla, a fcaport of the kingdom of
Tunis, with a fpacious harbour on a bay
of the Mediterranean, defended by .1
caftle nnd batteries. It (lands on the
bay at the entrance of a narrow chan-
nd, which is the inlet to a circular lake
ibout JO m in diameter; and this lake
communicates by a narrow paflage with
1 » fecond of the fame form, but rather
lefs in fize; both of them are from 20 to
50 fathoms deep, and furrounded by a
I country extremely produiftive. Tlu-

nr. ^

town ha* .1 f.imout hlhrrf. and it 41
m N by w Tunia. Lon. 9 5! a, lal. ij

tit M.

fii/ioft .ImihtitJ, and forolhrr placra
with ihr finiepri'llx, (f /tM'»hi»j, 5(i'.

lUihvfitailUt a borou^n in hhrop*
(hire, with a niirkrt on liid^y, im;«.h
frei|iii>nicd by the VVrllh It it fc4ted
lic.il the river ( Inn, H m n Muntgume*
ryinnd 159 wnw Lunrhm.

lii/ilfnant, a town of Naple«| In C'a*
libria t itr.i. wilh acafthi fvatrd on .1
hill, lie II' the river Uuccuna, 16 ni k

("oriti/,i.

Ui/le^, u viltagf in Gtnncc/lMlhir*!
1 ni IK Stroutl It hit a luge cliiirt.!!*
Itandinx on an einineiibe, and a nunu'
fainiire of broadcloth.

i:ijhti,qur, a town of Illndooftan, In
the country of Sanoic It w.u ihc C4-
piial of the aneii'iit kingtloin of Nariin*
g.i, and I'ornierly a large city- It ii feat*
ed on the Nigoudcn. 28 m mk Sanori*.
and K^ N by w Chitteldrooi'. Lon.
76 0 >., I.it. 15 iO N.

Bifntf^tL town of Hootani (ipital of
A dilliit^t on ihc bordert of Ikngal and
Alliiin. It in <;o m rnk Rangamutty.
and lyi SK Tail.ii'udon. Lon. 90 45 N,
lat. 26 27 N.

BijJ'.t^ot, a c'lufter of iilinds on the
w coail of Africa. The laigift, called
Mall'ago, is Ko in in circuit, inhabited by
Portugncll and Negroi, and well cul-
tivated. Its N end ii opptMitc the
month of the Rio (ir.iiide. Lun. i $ i»
w, lat. 10 58 N

Bijunf'ourt a town of Ilindooftan,
capital (it u citx.ir in Uiiigal, 74 ni nw
Calcutta.

itijtan, or Sharrnit^ a town of IVrlia,
in Irak, the capit.il of OiilaUi a fruitful
diftria N of the Great Salt Defcrt and
on the borders of C'horafan. It is 50
m sst /.(lerah.id, and 2 to k 'l'tln;r.»n.
Lon. 54 45 f,,lat. .15 4s n.

lUJiricz, a town of Tranfylvanin, on
the river Billrlcz, 142 m Nt Colofwar.
Lon. 253 K,ht^47 j3 N-

lUtihe, a fortified town of France, in
the department of Mofclle, with acaftle
on a rock. It is I'eated at the foot of a
mountain, near the river Schwclb, 30 m
N by w Stralburg. Lon. 7 44 t, lat.
49 5 N.

Hitetto, a town of Naples, m Terra
di Dari, 1 1 m ssw Jiari.

Bitonio, a town of Naples, in 'I'crra
di liari, 10 m wsw B.iri.

BltJ'chfH ; fee Pitfchen.

Bitterfeld, a town of the durhy of
Saxony, feated on the Mulda, 14 m t
DeflCiu.

r.iflrk VirfJIf a foreft of Germany.

1*5^-- Wi

•m\

'' 1 ■ i

l< !^

Pii "

ui :. :

B T. A

Jr. the w part of the circlf of Sii;il)!a
Itispnrl of the ancient Hyrcinir.n forcft.

l^/nrk S,'a, the niiciontEuxirK', an in-
land f.,1, or large l.ilvi;. partly in Ciirop'S
and parl'y in Alia. Its waters arc
fcarccly hrac'vilh. It lies bitwecn .33
iind 44 r. Ion. and 42 and 46 v lat.

Bliicibiink, 1 town ot" Ireland, in the
county of Armapli, 7 m h Armagh.

[iLuii'jtirn, a town in Lancafhirc,
with a market on Monday. Ht-re an*
two churches, f<'veralineciing-lionfes, a
prammar iehool tonnded l)y queen F.Ii-
fabetli, and a vaft trade in cotton, cali-
cos, &c. The number of inhabitants
was I i,i;8o in i8or , and 15.083 in i2ii.
It is feattd on a rivulet, and near the
Leeds and Liverpool canal, u m K
Prefton,and jo? nnw London.

Blacklieath, a villaj;e in Kent, on the
fl fide of Gntnwich, at tlie nw point
of a lofty plain of the fame name. On
the heath and its borders are many
beautiful villas; alfo Mordt n college
founded by fir John Morden, for de-
cayed merchants. In tht.' fide of the
afcent from London to thif village is a
cavern confifling of feven large rooms,
which communicate by arched avenues;
the fides and roofn of rocU of chalk ;
and it has a well of clear water, 27 feet
deep.

Blnckmore, a village in Eflex, on the
river Can, 5 m N Brentwood. Near
the church, at a fpot called Jericho,
formerly flood a priory, afterward con-
verted by Menry viii into a houfe for
occ;ifional retirement ; and here his na-
tural fon John Henry Fitzroy was born.
It if? now an elegant houfe.

lilachiefs-cajlle, a fort of Scotland,
in Linlithgowlhirc, built on a kind of
peninfula on the frith of Forth, 9 m ne
Lin'ithgow. It confits of four baftions,
and is one of the forts which, by the
articles of union, are to be kept in re-
pair.

Blackpool, a village in Lancafliire,
;? m w Pouhon. It has a fine beach,
and is much reforted tofnr fea-bathing.

Blaciivater, a river of Ireland, which
flows K through the county of Cork,
by Millflirut, Mallow, and Fermoy, to
Lifmore and Cappoquin in the county
of Waterford, from which laft its
courfe is s to Youghall bay. — There
are two or three more fmaller rivers of
the fame name.

Blackivater, a river in Fffex, which
flows by Bradfield, Braintrce, Cogge-
Ihal, Kelvtdon, and Maiden, and then
enters the efiuary, to which it gives the
name of Blackwater bay.

Bladenechi a river of Scotland, which

n r A

rifen In the hills in the u pirt of Wi)."
toiifhirr, and after a winding courfe
of ;4 m enters Wi^'ton bay. .Several
iflands are formed in its Led, which are
famous for the refoit of eagles.

B/aJo/jhurt^, a town of M-'rylacd, in
Frederic comity, on tlie k \]i\i: of the k
br.inch of the I'otom.ic, c) m from its
month, at Wafiiington, and 3H sw IJ.d-
tiinon-.

Bltiht, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Loire, 2i m NMW
N.mt's.

Blair /ttli'il, a town of Scotland, in
Pertlilhiro, with a caftle, the feat of tlie
duke of ,\thol, 36 m mnw Perth.

Blair Goivrie, a town of Scotland, in
Pcrthfliire, with a manor houfe built in
the form of a caflle, Z2 m n n k Perth.

Blaifois, a late province of France,
hounded on the n by Beance, i'. by
Orleanois, s by Berry, and w by Totir-
aine. It nnw forms the department of
Loir and Clier.

Piltiifon, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mayenne and Loire, iJ m
sii Angers.

Blamoiit, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Meurthe, feated on the
Vezouze, la m k Luneville.

Blafu, a. town of France, in the de-
partment of Indre, with a caflle, feated
on the Creufc, 35 m e Poitiers.

Blanca, an uninhabited ifland, to the
N of Margaretta, near Terra Firms.
Lon. 64 30 w, lat. 11 50 n.

Blanco, a cape of Patagonia, 130 m
NE Port St. Julien. Lon. 64 4a w, lat.
47 20 s.

Blanco, a cape of Peru, which is the
N extremity of that country, and the s
point of the gulf of Guayaquil. Lon.
83 o w.lat. 3 45 s.

Blanco, a cape on the w coaft of
Africa, 180 m n of the river Senegal.
Lon. 17 10 w, lat. ao 55 n.

Blandford, a corporate town in Dor-
fetfhire, with a market on Saturday.
In i73i> almoft all the town was burnt
down; but it was foon rebuilt, and a
neat townhall of Portland flione, on co-
lumns, in which is a pump, was eredled
in remembrance of that dire difafter,
and provifion againft the like. It has a
confiderable manufaiflure of thread and I
fliirt buttons, and is feated on the river j
Stour, near the downs, 18 m ne Dor-
cheftcr, and 103 w by s London.

Blandford, a town of MaflTachufas,!
in Kamplhire county, 25 m sw North-
ampton, and 1 16 w by s Bofton.

Blandford, a town of Virginia, m
Prince George county. It has a larg^
trade in tobacco, and is fitiiate on the 1

'w'.inch of the
Ptfter/burg.

iilattej, a tf>w
nw; the mouti
8 Gironne.

Blmnkenbtrr,
Jft-therlands.'i,,
German ocean,
, ^lanhnberir.
in the duchy of
"me Bonn.

^lankenhurg. j
ony, capital of
lame name. Tl
craggy mountaii
Jineft buildings of
" 's 30 m SE Wo

'V/ '*'• 5' 5i N
Bluregniesi fee

Guadalaxara, and
pot in all the cot
yards, magazines, ,
and equipment of
f an ifland at th
/»g"» 170 m w I
Lon. ,05 16 w.lat.

Blaubeuren, a tow

duchy of Wirtemhu
a nil/. Great quani

''"en cloth are mad
a the conflux of
"'au, 1 1 m w ujm

Btaye, a feaport of
J rtmept of Girond
f^'^^l and a fort c
Gironde, which is he
J trade confifts in
, adjacent country, j
'frequented, and the
iiourdeaux are oblie
""sh^re. It is ,7
°n;?.35^w, iat.4c,

Gotland, on the co

's 90 m long and

Hh mountainons

ireeable countries 'i

l,"PV^'*P«'t'-aclei8

r'-'eftown,sCarlfcron
J i^enh.m, a vijla.,e (
»" the Danube, 3 ^
J;,'nemorab!e for Th

Ipned over the Frend
h/°4,bythedukeoi
\ ^lere, a town of Fr'
Kent of Indre anc
r Cher, r8 m E by .
I fA a town of Fn
tef of Upper U

[Clermont.

Y^'JUngton, a borouglj

ourff

^'hicli is the
r, and tl^e s
quil. Lot'-

w

'fix

)wn in Dor-
n Saturday.
n wa3 burnt
built, and a
[lone, on co-
[, was eveaed
[\ire dlfafter,
ike. It has a
,f thread and
on the rivet
m NE Dor-

mdon.

iafllicnuids,

lofton.

Virginia, >
.1 has a larg'

iiate ou the

branch of the AprMmattox, 4 m ke
Pcterfburg.

Biattej, a town of Spai'i, in Catalonia,
near the mc^ulh of tlic Torrlera, jo m
$ Girotine.

bl«nkettbcr;^y a town and fort of the
Netherlands, in Flanders, iituate on the
German ocean, 8 m n e Oftend.

Rlanienberjit a town of W'tftphalia,
in the duchy of Berg, on the river Sieg,
12 m E Bonn.

lilankenhurgf a town of Lower Sax-
ony, capital of a principality of the
fame name. The caftle (lands on a
craggy mountain, and is one of the
fincft buildings of the kind in Germany.
It is 30 m SE Wolfenbuttle. Lon. ii
10 s, lat. 51 51 N.
Blaregnies ; fte Malplaqtut.
Bias, St. a feaport of New Spain, in
Guadalaxara, and the chief marine de-
pot in all the country, having dock-
yards, magazines, &c. for the building
and equipment of fhips- It is feated
on an ifland at the mouth of the St.
Jago, 170 m w by n Guadalaxara.
Lon. 105 16 w, tat. zi 40 n.

Blaubeuren, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirteml»urg, with a caftle on
a hill. Great quantities of fuftian and
linen cloth are made here- It is feated
at the conflux of the Ach with the
Blau, 1 1 m w Ulm.

Blaycy a feaport of France, in the de-
partment of Gironde. It has a good
citadtl, and a fort on an ifland in the
Gironde, which is here above a m wide.
Its trade confifts in the wines of the
adjacent country. lis harbour is much
frequented, and the (hips whi^;h go to
Bourdeaux are obliged to leave their
guns here. It is 17 m n Bourdeaux.
lon. 0 35^w, lat. 45 7 n'.

Bleiingen, a province of Sweden, in
Gothland, on the coaft of the Baltic.
It is 90 m long and ar broad; and,
though mountainous, is one of the moft
s?reeable countries in the kingdom.
jTlie principal trade is. in potafh, pitch,
iv, tallow, hides, and timber. The
|cl!ief town is Carlfcrona.

Bknlmmy a village of Sua iu, feated
Ion the Danube, 3 m nk Hucliftat. It
lis memorable for the fignal vidory
mined over the French and BavaVians,
|ini704, by the duke of Marlborough.
£/erf, a town of France, in the de-
fartment of Indre and Loire, on the
liver Cher, 1 8 m e by s Tours.
'Ufle^ a town of France, in the de-
Jrtment of Upper Loire, Iituate on
ieAlaignon, u m w Brioudc, tfnd ^3
[Vermont.
Itffiigtotif a borough of Ireland, in

BOB

the county of Wicklow, feated on a
rifmg j;round, mar the Liffny, 17 m svv
Dubli.i.

'.'hti/iingli/, a borough in Surry,
which h,i^ no market ; ftjjled on ,i hill,
4 m K Ryt'(;.ite, and ai •! Lond "i.

LlucJk IjlaKd, ■in ill-ind of the ft't'? of
Rhode Illiiul, lyinp ii m ssw of New-
port, and in Newport county. It is 4(1
in in lenjjth, and jS in its extreme
breadth, and famous for cattle, Iheep,
butter, and cheefe. The s part of it is
in lat. 41 8 N

Blockzyl, a town of Holland, in Over-
yfTcl, with a fort ; feated at the mouth
of the Aa, on the Zuyder Zee, where
there is a good "harbour, 8 m NwSteen-
wick. Lon. 5 39 e, lat. 5a 44 n.

Blots, a city of France, capital of
the department of Loir ind Cher, and
lately an epifcopal fee. The cathedral is
a large ftrudure, feated on an eminence
at one extremity of the city, and on
another eninence at the other end is a
magnificent caftle. In this caftle was
born the good Lewis xii ; and here, in
1588, Henry m caufed the duke of
Guife, and his brother the cardinal, ta
be adaflinated. Here are fome fine
fountainfl, fupplied by an aquedudl,
fuppofed to have been ere(5ted by the
Romans. The principal commerce 13
in wine and brandy; and the chief ma-
nufadturcs are fergcs and tickcn. It is
feated on the Loire, 37 m ene Tours,
and 100 ssw Paris. Lon. i 30 e, lat.

47 35 N-

Bloniezt a town of Poland, in Ma-
fovia, so m w Warfaw.

Blorey a village in StafFordfhire, 10
m X Utoxeter. Its heath is famous
for a battle between the houfes of York
and Lancafter, in which Nevil earl of
SaliP)ury, for York, with 500 men only.,
defeated lord Audley with 10,000.
The latter was killed, and on the ipot
is eroded a ftone crofs to his memory.

Bluehill, a town of the diftrid of
Maine, in Hancock county, on Union
river, 13 m e Caftine.

Blytlh a town in Nottinghamfhire,
with a market on Thurfday. Here are
fome remains of a caftle and priory. It
is 23 m NNW Newark, and 151 n by w
London.

Blythy a village in Northumberland,
at the mouth of the BIyth, 14 m nnb
Newcaftle It has a quay, and exports
mu^h coal and fait.

Bond., a town of Hindooftan, in OrifTa,
on the river Mahanada, 65 m sse Sum-
bulpoLT, and 115 w Cattack

Bobbio, a town of Italy, in Milanefe,
on the river Trebia, 25 m «& Pavia.

n\.

Wli

m

■'A

lll#

t-i

I .

BOD

troll n/inu/i fly a town of OrTmany, in
W'ttti ravia, with a ciltle, (♦•aicd on the
iicifbrciit/, J m «E Frank, brl.

iJol/er, a river of Gcrmiiuy, which
rifrb ill Siltli.i, on the borders of Hohc-
•Bii.i, flows N by Ldwcnbiirj:, Hiiiity.lau,
and Sagan, uiui joins the Odor below
Crctren.

h(jberjl/erf;, a town of Brandenbinp,
in till." New mark, and duchy of Croiron;
IV.iltd on the fide of a hill, by the river
iiobtr, 5ms Crofll'ii.

BobrouiJ/t, cr Bohruvji, a Arong town
•f Lithuania, in thii palatinate of
lliiift;, fituaie on the Berezina, 86 m ?e
Alinfk.

Boca del Drago, a channel between
the ifland of Trinidad and Cumana in
Terra Firnia. Sec Trinidad.

Bocheitii, a chAW of mountains, in the
territory of Genoa, over which is the
road into Lombardy. On the higheft
mountain is a ftrong pafs that will
hardly admit three men to go abrcaft;
and this is, properly, the Bochetta. It
is tbt* key of Genoa, and was forced
by the French in 1796, and by the
Auflrians in i8oo.

Boc/mia, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Cracow, with large fait
mines, 30 m ese Cracow.

Bocholt, a town of Weftphalia, in the
principality of Munfter, on the "'.•er
Aa, 42 m w Munfter.

Bochnheim, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the principality of Hildeflieim, on
the river Net;e, 13 m ssk llildtiheim.

Bockiur;, a large village in Elfcx, ad-
joining to Braititree. It has a fpacious
cimrch, and a great manufadine of
bays.

Bockum, a town of Weftphalia, in
the county of Mark, zG m sk Wtfd.
Boden See ; fee t'o>:J?anci', Lake of.
Bodniiny a borough in Con. wall, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market on
Saturday. The fummer afli/es are held
here and at Truro alternately. It has
Ibme manufadures of I'crge, and a trade
in wool and yarn. The church is the
largert in the coiinty, and the remains
of an epifcopal palace and a priory arc
IHll to be feen. It is 3a m ni: Falmouth,
and 235 w by s Loudon. I n. 4 40
w, lat. 503^- K.

Bodon, a fortified town of European
Turkey, in Bulpnria, and an arch-
bilhop's fee ; feated on the Danube, a6
m w Widdin. Lon. 33 54 e, lat. 44
10 N.

Bodrochs or Bodrotc, a (own of Hun-
gary, on the river Duoube, 100 m SE
Buda.
Modru^j, a town of Afiatic Taikty, in

T? AT

Nfltolii, on the n fide of thr t;ulf »f
S-'alanova, 18 m s Smyrna. — Another,
on the lite of the ancient Haliearnafl'iij,
on the N lide of the gulf of Stanchio,
45 m w l»y s P^flaffa.

ri'h-fchot, a town of the Nethc rland ,
in Jhabant, on the river Nethc, 12 m
NE Mechlin.

Bng, a river which rifes on the %
border of Volhynia, in I'oland, llowi
throucji Podolu and Bud/nc Tartary,
and enters llic eftmry of the Dntt per a
little above Ocz ikow.

Bogdoi, a country of Tartai y, lying
to the N of China. It is cf great cxtint
and populous, and fubjcft to the Chi-
nefe.

Boglio, or Beiiil, a town of Savoy,
fituate on the Tineu, 21 m nnw Nice.

Bog/ipour, i town of Hindooftan, ca-
pital of a circar in Bengal; fated on
the Ganges, 112 m ne Moordiedabad,
Lon. 87 5 E, lat. 25 ij N.

Bognor, a village in SuflTex, 7 m se
Chichefter. It is an improving place,
and much frequented in fummer for
fea-bathing.

Bohemia, a kingdom in Germany, 209
m long and 150 broad; bounded 011
the N by Mifnia and Lufatia, e by
Silcfia and Moravia, s by Auftria, and w
by Bavaria. It is fertile in corn, faffron,
hops, and pafture. The chief rivers
are the Muldau, Elbe, and Oder. i;i
the mountains are mines of gold, filvcr,
copper, tin, iron, lead, and quickfilver;
above 100 towns and places might bf |
named where mine-works have been j
eftabliflicd. All kinds of marble arf
likevvifc dug in Bohemia. Almofl: every
kind of precious ftoncs arc found bere,
but, in general, deficient in hardncfj;!
the iilver, and, in part, milkwhite pearls,!
fiathered in many places, are extrcinpl]r|
beautiful. The Roman catholic re-
ligion is the principal ; but there arcl
many proteftants. The language ill
Sclavonian, with a mixture of GeimnnF
It is divided into 16 circles, and fubjeiltj
to the houfe of Auftria. The capital ii[
Pr?,,ue.

Hohviifch, a town of Bohemia, in th«|
circle of Leutmeritz, asm ene Leu'.^
meritz.

Bohmifch Aic/u, a town of Bohemia,
in the circle of Buntzlau, 30 m n junj
Buntzlau.

Bohmifch Brod, a town of Bohemia!
in the circle of Kaurzim, 14 ^ ^M
Prague.

Bohol, one 0*" the Philippine illandj
to the N of Mindanao. Lon. m 5 '
lat. 10 o X.

Bajadort a cape on the w coaft

•^ 'ica, double

M i' Lon, 1^

/:niano, a t(

coui.ly of Mo

Apennines, ne.i

i^o^ it liifferci

qiiakc, and mofl

deftroyed. /t

Lon. ,4,3 Bj^

\o,s le Due, a
Brabant, capital
name, which cor
Jleimont and I
caftle named Pa
to the a are twt
f^^ St. Antony.
French in ,70V
pioraflls, on the
It receives the
Srtda, and 45 ss

ooijconimun, a

I'lf department of

lean?.

Boitzenhurif, a f
ony, in Mccklenbn
^^l Boiize t^ith t
ocn-A'cnn.

. ^oUzeulinrg, a to
'"i''f,"^-lcer';nar;"

Bokh^ria. Itftandi

. ^ I'

tauclno.

lie, iz\n

on the i

lid, Uowi
: Tartary,
Dnu per a

:ivy, lyJnS

.0 the Chi-

of Savoy,
,. Nw Nice.
looftati, ca-
; fated on
otflicdabad.

rex, 7 ^ SI

oving place,

fummer for

Jermany, ao»

bounded on

Aifatia, K by

I Bohemia, in tb

5wn of Bobemi:
lau, aomNjuni

nvn of Dobemii
Irzim, 14 n^ ^^

Philippine iliandi
Lon. 121 s

the

w e<

io»ft

BOL

Africa, doubled by the Poitugurfc ta
14 (3. Lon. 14 a; w, lat. ?.6 1 4 n.

/iniano, a town ot N.iples, in the
coui.ty of MolU'e, at the foot ot ihc
Apennines, near the river Tilerno. In
J 803 it futfcTcd greatly by an earth-
quake, and molt of the inhabitants were
tleftroyed. It is 45 m nne Naples.
Lon- 14 3j E, lat. 41 30 N.

Bois L' Due, a fortified city of Dutch
Brabant, capital of a diftridt of the lame
name, which contains alio the towns of
Ik'lmont and Eyndhovcn. It has a
caftle named Papen-briel ; and a little
to the s are two forts, called inbell.i
and St. Antony. It was taken by the
French in 1794. It is fituute among
moraflVs, on the river Dommel. where
it receives the Aa, aa m e by n
Breda, and 45 ssb Amfterdam. l^on.
524 K,lat. 51 45 N.

Boij'commun, a town of France, in
tlic department of Loiret, 35 m ne Or
itan?.

Boitzenhttrj^, a toivn of Lower Sax-
ony, in Mccklenhurjf, it ilie .loiiflux of
the Boiize with tlie Elbe, 30 m sw
Schwcriu

Eoitzenbnrg^A town of Bi.ip(!i nburg,
in the Uc'ker mark, 10 n\ v. Picrflow.
BoUiarn, :i city ol' Ufbec Tartaiy, in
Bokhana. It ftandson .1 rifin^ ;■ round,
furrounded by a (lender wail oi e^rth,
and a dry ditch, on the s fide of the
river Sodg. The houfes are low, and
moftiy built of mud ; but the caravm-
faries and mofques, which are numer-
ous, are all of brick. The bazars have
been (lately buildings, but the greateft
part of them are now in ruius. Here
is alfo a (lately building for the educa-
tion of the piiefts. Great numbers of
Jews and Arabians frequ'jnt this place ;
and the trade with KuQia and Perfia is
confiderable. It is 138 m w by s Sa-
marcand. Lon. 62 .56 k, lat. 39 4 n.

Eokharla, or Bucharia, a country of
Ulbtc Tartary, bounded on the n by
Turkeftan, e by Ca(hgur, s by Hiii-
dooftan and Perfia, an' I w by Chorafan
and Charafin. It is fertile in corn and
fruit, and the beft cultivated of any part
of Tartary. The inhabitants are in ge-
neral tawny, with black hair, but fome
are white and well made. They are
cleanly in their food, which often con-
lifts of minced meat; and tea is the
weral drink. They are not warlike,
Ijiit ufe the bow, lance, and fabre.
'amarcand is the capital.
Martai Little i fee Cajhgur.
Bolgbola, one of the Society iflands,
inthe Pacific ocean, four leagues Nwof
"^taha. Qn the iw tide it a fpacioui

tJ 0 L

harbour cilled Oleivanooa. Lon. ijf
4j w, lat. \b 18 'i,

BoUhereJky a town of Kimt(kalka,
on the river Bulclioirfka, a?, m from its
mouth, in the fe.i ofOkotlk. Lon. isfj
37 E, lat. 5a 54 N.

HoUf a town of Afiatic Tiirkry, in
Natolia, and the capital of a faiigiacat«.
It is furrounded by an open palifade,
has numerous tlrects and bazais, and is
well peopled. 1 o the w of it is a large
forefl: of its name, which (iipplies an
uiueafing fourco of timber to the arfe-
nalu at Cntiftaiitinople. It llatids under
a hill, and on a plant that h (|.iite a gar-
den, iiom Ni'. Chiuiaga, and 145 R by
s CoiiUantitiople. i^on. 31 40 k, lat.
40 40 N.

bolinghrokey 1 town in l.incolnfhire,
with a marlvct on Tucfday. It is the
birtt'olace of Henry iv, and has a ma-
nuiadtiu' of earthen wine. It (tatids at
the fjuice ol river which (lows to the
With im, ag m K Lincohi, and 133 N by
t London.

Bolhwitz, a town of SlliTia, la m s

GlOKHU.

Lohgna, a city of Italy, capital of
Bologuefe, and an archbiflmp's fee.
The univerfity is one of tlio moft an-
cient and c<'lebr3ted in Europe ; and
the Inftitutio di Bolopna is a magnifi*
Cfnt building, whtre the various artt
and icieiices have thtir r>'fpr(fHve halls.
The ci.urch of St. Petroniiis is the
largeft in Bo!0;;n;\; and on the pave-
ment of this, C alTmi drew his meridian
linj. There an* above 160 other
churches, moil of them full of paintings
by celebrated artills, a rj particularly
Albano. The ichool ol f aintipg is im-
mortalized by tho num.isr of great
maders it has produced ; and th'j pub-
lic theatre is one of the largeft and mod
beautiful in Italy. Many of the palaces
of the nobility are fnrniihed in a mag-
nificent tafte, having been built and
ornamented when tl'.e finrit works of
architedture and painting could be pro-
cured on eafier terms. Moll of the
public llreets are accomraodated with
covered walks; but the buildi s in ge-
neral are not celebrated fpi oeauty.
The inhabitants, eflimated at 70,000,
carry on a confiderable trade in rich
filks and velvtt.s. The furrounding
country produces immenfe quantities of
oil, wine, Hax, and hemp, and furnilh-
es all Europe with confedionary, dif-
tilled waters, and efl'encea. Tiic river
Rheno, which runs near the ciiy, turns
400 mills for the filk works : and there
is a canal hence to the Po. The cele-
brated churck of la M.-^donna di St.

Ga

.M^fi

M

t t

siitit:'

I. «..■

■I

( I

Hi, J.

BOM

Liica Aands on a high hill, about 5 m
from ihc city; and for the accommoda-
tion nf its numerous vifltora, a noble
portico extendi from the gate of the
city to the entrance of Ihis (andluary.
Bologna is feated at the foot of the
Apennines, 32 m se Modena, and 175
Nw Rome. Lon. n ai k, lat. 44

go N.

Bolognefii a province of Italy, bound-
ed on the N by Ferrarefe, w by Mode-
na, s by Tul'cany, and e by Romagna.
It it watered by many fmall rivers, and
produces all forts of grain and fruit,
particularly rich muicadine grapes.
Some miles before the entrance uito
Bologna, the country leems one con-
tinued garden. The vineyards ar«^ di-
vided by rows of elms and mulberry-
trees; the vines hanging in fedoons,
fiom one tree to another. There are
alio mines of alum and iron. This
province lately belonged to the Eccle-
liaftical State, but is now a part of the
new formed kingdom of Italy. Bolog-
na is the capital.

BoljinO'. a town of Italy, in the pa-
trimony of St. Peter, on a lake of its
name, i3 niNNw Viterbo.

Bolfo'ver, a town in Derbyfliire, with
a mark«;t on Friday. It has a ipacious
c<i(lle, on the brow of a hill; and is
noted for the manufadure of tobacco
pipes. It is 6 m E Chefterficld, and
145 NNW London.

Bcl/hvaertt a town of Holland, in
Friefland, near the Zuyder Zee, 10 m
N Slotcn.

Bolton, a town in Lancafliire, with a
market on Monday. It has a canal to
IVIanchefcer, and manufaftures of fnl'-
tians, counterpanes, dimities, calicos,
and muflins. The number of inhabit-
ants was 12,549 in 1801, and 17,079 in
181 1. Two m to the n is Little Bol-
ton, which contained 7079 inhabitants
in 1811. Bolton Is 11 m NwManchef-
ter, and 197 nnw London.

Bolton, a town of Maflpchufets, in
Worcefter county, noted for fine lime-
ftone, 18 m ne Worcefter, and 34 w
Bofton. , "*

Bolzcno'y fee Botzen.

Bomal, a town of the Netherlands, in
Luxemburg, on the river Ourt, 20 m s
Liege.

Bombay, an idand on the w coaft of
the Deccan of Hindooftan, 7 m in
length and 20 in circumference. It
came to the Englilh \yj the marriage of
Charles n with Catharine o) Portugal ;
and is one of the three prefidencies of
the Englifh E India tvompany, by
which their oriental territories are go-

noN

Tcrned. It contains a ftrong and capa-
cious fortrefs, a city, dockyard, and
marine arfcnal. Here the nneft mer-
chant Ihips are built, and all of teak,
fupplied from the neighbouring coun-
tries. The ground is in generalVarrtn,
and good water fcarcc j but it has abum!-
ance of cocoa-nuts. The inhabitantt
are of feveral nations, and very nume.
rous. It is 150 m s Surat. Lon. ;;
3« E,lat. 18 57 N.

Bombi, a town of the kingdom of
Congo, on the river Loze, 140 m ssw
St. Salvador.

Bomene, a feapnrt of Holland, in
Zcahind, on the n Ihore of the ifland of
Schowen, 3 m k Browerfliaven.

Bommel, a town of S Holland, in the
ifleof Overflacke, 7 m w VVillinmftadt.

Pommel, a ftrong town of Holland,
in Gelderland, in the ifland of Bommel-
wert, on the river Waal, aim s by t
Utrecht. Lon, 5 13 E,lat. 5' 50 n.

Bommeliuert, an ifland of Holland,
formed by the junftions of the Waal
and Maefe. It lies in the province of
Gelderland, except a fmall dillridt of
the w end, which belongs to S Holland.
It i» 15 m in length, from Loweftein to
Fort St. Andrew, and is not more than
4 in the broadeft part. It was taken
by the French in 1672, and again in
1794.

Bona, a feaport of Algiers, in the
province of Conftantina. Near it are
the ruins of the ancient Hippo Regius.
It has a trade in corn, oil, hides, vt^ax,
and wool ; and s e of the town excel-
lent fliip timber grows in abundance.
It is fcated near the mouth of the Sei-
boufe, 90 m NE Conftantina. Lon.;
45 E,lat. 3652 N.

Bonaire, an ifland near the n coall of
Terra Firma, to the e of Curacao. Itjj
6c m in circuit, abounds in cattle and
fait mines, and has a good harbour and
road on the sw fide. Lon. 68 19 w,
lat. 12 13 N.

Bonaventura, a bay, harbour, andj
fort of New Granada, in the provino
of Popayan. It is the ftaplc port ol
the province, and 90 m w Cali. Lon
75 1 8 w, lat. 3 20 N.

Bonavijia, one of the Cape Ven
iflands, fo called from its beautiful ap
pearance to the firft difcovercrs, ii
1450; but it is now become barren]
through the extreme idlenefs of the i
habitants. Lon. 22 47 vv, lat. 16 6 n

Bonavifta, a Cape and bay on the
fide of the ifland of Newfoundland
The cape lies in lon. 5a aa w, lat.

Bondorf, a town of Suabia, capital

a county which

»8m NNW Zurj

Bonefs\ (kc Bo

_ Bonifacio, a fo

iioa, with a goor

fi'hery. It (land

at the 8 extremii

ssK Ajaccio. Lf

Bonila, a town

in Albania, rhiel

carians taken in i

rafwan Oglou.

tiilery ; and to th

palace and garden

cha, and a rivulet

lake Achcrufia. J

nina.

Bonn, a city off
ment of R;.ii,e an
Germany, in the el
It was the n'fidtnt
h;s palace had a rii
cuiiofuies. l}:,ni,

ver(ily,fourp,iri/h<
religious foundatior
the duke of Marl be
by the French in i;
the Rhine, 14m s b
7 9 *• lat 5040 N,

Bonnet ft hu, a tow
dep I' 'i.f of SatN

Bonie'Vf.i a tr.H-(
'ifpiriim-iit of £ui,
on tie f :ri-, 8 ,n n

i.o'ine'viUe, a tovvi

at th. fn )t of A n
Mole, :o m SE Gciic
lat. 46 4 V.

hnthuvi, a /; ipoi
tell in a, on the Nf
w'hfre/hips mav iie
boiji the moniuons
p^liladoed fort, and /
ofa imall but deep ri
\ iat. 5 1 1 s.

Bontory, a town q
Palatinaie of Braclaw
^<"'.y, a town of the
capital ofa K-ingdom .
on the R coaft. The
Bongiiiefe, or Bugge
Djoft powerful „aiio
ine town ftands on
Bony bay, called a
J'hich is large, but
^""l^^ Lon. ,20.15

ios^fW, a tow,-
"P'fal uf the country
WomstTatfa.and^
\^'Y- Lon. 69 a E,
I J?ow/o«, a town of
P"Jex county, la m e
i/K^f°«/r/', a tow
'"Maddifon county,

nd capu-
ird| and
eft mcr-
of teak,
ig coun-
ifVarren,
:i8 abund-
habit»nt»
ry nume-
Lon. 7J

en.

;itid, in the
Uiamftadt.
f Holland,
)f Bommel-
I m s by K

51 50 N.

t)f Holland,
f ihc Waal
province of
I diftridt of
0 S Holland,
■.oweftein to
it more than
t was taken
ind again in

abia, capital

BOO

a county which joins the Brifgau. It is
}8 m NNW Zurich.
Sonefs ; fee BorroiiJIonnfls-
Bonifacio, a fortifit'd fi-aport of Cor-
fica, with H good harbour, and a coral
fiihery. It ilands on a fmall peninfula,
at the 8 extremity of the ifliind, 40 in
SSK Ajaccio. Lon. 8 56 k, lat. 41 15 n.
Boiiila, a town ot Kuropmn Turkey,
ia Albania, rhiefly iniubitud by Bui-
earians t.iken in the (.xpcditiun agaiull
rafwan Oglou. Here is afchool of ar-
tillery ; and to the t of the town are a
palace and gardens belonging to the pa-
cha, and a rivulet that Hows n into the
lake Achcrufla. It iy 6 m s by t. Ja-
nina.

Bonn, a city of France, in the depart-
ment of Ri iiie and Mofelle, lat-ly of
Germany, in thPelt.'(5lorate of Cologne.
It was the n-fidenci' of the clfftor, and
his palace had a rich cabinet of natural
cunofuies. IVinn has a fIi)uri(Tiing uni-
vfiliiy, four p.irilh churches, and fcvcral
religious foundations. It wms taken by
the duke (»f Marlborough in 170^, and
by the French in 1704. It is f-'ted <m
the Rliinc, 14m b by e Cologne. Lon.
79 E lat 50 40 N.

Bonneinhtc, a town of France, in the
dep I' 1' ut Sa'^'', 15 m Nt Mans.

Bor'ie'vet, a tt.wn of France, in the
iltpiitimMit of Eur*' and Loin-, fcated
on tie J . iri-, 8 .n N ^'hateaudun-

ijonneviUe, a town of Sav .y, capital
of F'U.'i^ ly. It 18 frated on the Arve,
at th. f<i )t of a raountain called the
Mole, :o m SE Gineva, Lon. 6 18 E,
lat. 40 4 N.

Bonthavi, a f iport of the ifland of
Cell Iks, on tht* n ^ part of a 1 ige bay,
where (hips may iie in tccurity during
both the moniuons The town has a
palil'adoed tort, and (lands on the s fide
of a Imall but deep river. Lon. 117 a8
2, lat. 5 II s.

Bontory, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Braclaw, az m e Braclaw.
Bony, a town of the ifiand of Celebes,
capital of a kingdom of the lame name,
on the s coaft. The people are called
Bonginefe, or Buggelfes, and are the
moft powerful nation of the ifland.
The town ftands on the nw (ide of
Bony bay, called alfo Buggefs bay,
which is large, but full of rocks and
Ihoals Lon. 12035 e, lat. z 50 s.

Boegebooge, a town of Hindooftan,
[cspital uf the country of Cutch. It is
140 m SK Tatta, and 230 w by N Ame-
Idabad- Lon. 69 2 e, lat. 23 16 N.

Booneton, a town of New Jerfey, in
[SulTex county, 12 m ese Newton.

Eoonjhdt-ough, a town of Kentucky,
|ui Maddifon county, fcated on the

BOR

Kentucky, at the influx of Otter creek,
30 m F.sE Lexington.

Booroqjerd, a town of Perlia, ir. Irak,
capital of n wealthy didrid, governed
by a prince. It (lands in a circular

f>lain, covered with cultivation and vil*
ages, and fnrroundvd by mountains, 75
m SK Kirmanlha.

Boo/hu/i, a town of Hindooftan, In
Bengal, 9U m NK Calcutta.

Bootan, a country of Afia, between
Nupani, Bengal, Aflatn, and Tibet, of
which la(t it is a feudatory. It abounds
in mountains covered w ith verdure, and
rich with abundant loreft-trces : there
is fcirccly a mountain whofc l)afe is not
wnflii'd by lume torrent, and many of
tho l')ttif II bear populous villages, amid
orchards aiid plantaiinns, on their fum-
miLs and on their lides. The Ibnthern-
mo.'l ridge of the Dnutan mountains
ril'fs near a mile atid a half above the
plnins of Uongal, in a horizontal dis-
tance of only 15 mihis ; and from the
liimmil the aftoni(hed traveller looks
on the plains below as on an extcnfivi.*
ocean. The Bootecas are much fairir
and more robult than their neighbi j.j
the Bengalees, with broader faces and
higher cheek bones; their hair id inva-
riably black, and cut fliort ; their eyes
frnall and black, with long pointed
corners ; and their fliins remarkably
fmooth. Th<' houfos are built on props,
though the country is hilly, and alccnd-
ed by a ladder : the lower part, clofcd
on all sides, lerves for holding ftores,
and accon: Aodating hogs, cows, and
other animalE. The capital is TalTalu-
don.

Bopaliol, a town of Hindooftan, in
Malway, 98 m e by s Ougein.

Bopfingen, a town of Suabia, on the
river Eger, 19 m nw Doiiawert.

Bopparti a town of France in the
department of Rhino and Mofeile, late-
ly of Germany, in the eledlorate of
Treves; feated at the foot of a moun-
tain, near the Rhine, 8 m & Coblent?;

Borahs, a- town ot Sweden, in W
Gothland, 38 m E Gotheburg.

Borburaio ; fee Porto Cabello-

Borch, a town i.n Upper Saxony, ii\
the duchy of Magdeburg, on the river
Elbe, 14 m NE Magdeburg.

tiorcliloeHf a town of the Nether-
lands, in the territory of Liege, 15 m
NW Liege.

Bordentoivn, a town of New Jerfey,
in Burlington county, on the w fide of
the Delaware, at the influx of Crofs-
wick creek, 6 m below Trenton, and 23
K£ Philadelphia.

Borg, a town of Denmark, the chief
place in the ifland of femero^ with a

jv.. *• \i'

If

,i ■» '

m

'.''Hi

i ) .

I

^

BO R

ijrt, on Fcmern found L.on. n <, Rj
iat. 54 )5 N>

Lcriro, a town of Sweden, in Ny«
Innd, and a biiliop'a Ire ; ti-nii-d m':ir
tin- gnUof I'inlatid, on a riviv ti.iviga-
hli- tor (mall vcHolb, 24 ni kne HlIIiu-
fors.

liort^o St. Doniito, a town of Italy,
ill the dnciiy of Piacon/;i, featid on the
Stironc, i8 m svv Pi.iccnza.

Horcro di "/. Se/io/cro, a town of
Tiilcatiy, in Fit)rontiiio, with a tort,
fcati'd near tlie lourct" of the Tiber, n
in M. Arcz/o.

llortrofortcA town of Italv,in Manfii-
an, oil the livcr I'o, at the iiifiux of the
Oplia, 10 n» 8 M.inaia.

L'or,v/, a town of Spain, in Ar.igon,
in a fruitful ipot ni-ar Mount Cayo, 4:
m vv N w Siir.igon'a.

Lorjn, a town of Ptrii, in the au-
dience of Quito ; fituate on the head
waters of the river Amazon, 300 m e
by N Paita. Lon. 76 36 vv, l.it. 415 s.

Boriqutfi, an ifland in the W Indies,
near Porto Rico. It is uninhabited,
thotiph fertile, and the vpatcr pood.
Here is a great number of land crabn,
whence Ibme call it Crab IHand. Lon.
66 o w, Iat. 18 o N.

Borijbnuy a town of Lithuania, in the
palatinate of Miiifk, with a bridge over
the Berezina. This pals was potreflcd
by the Frrnch in 1812; but on Novem-
ber 21 the Uuflian army, that was on its
return fiom the Danube, took the
bridge by ftorm and 3000 prifoners :
three days after the Trench attempted
to recover the bridge, but were rtpull-
ed. It is 36 m KNfc Minik.

Borkelo, a ftrong town of Iloiland, in
the county of Zulphcn, rtmaikablo for
having been the i'uKjert of two wars;
one in 1665, againtt the bifhop of Mun-
ft(.r,and the other with France, in 1672.
It u fcatcd on the river Borkel, 15 m
ENr Zutphen.

for ken, a town of Weftphalia, in the
principality of Murder, with a colle-
giate church, feattd on the Aa, 3H m w
Munfter.

Bormio, the capital of a county of its
name, on the confines of Tyrol, lately
fiibje(ft to the Grilbns, but now annexed
to the kingdom of Italy. About a mile
from tlie town are medicinal baths. It
is feated at the foot of the mountains,
on the Frcdulfo, Jiear its conflux with
the Adda, 40 ra se Colre. Lon. 10 20
E, ht. 46 17 N.

Borna, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Mifnia, with a manufafture of ftnffs ;
feated near the Pleyfle, 13 m ese Leip-

MC.

BoTHto, an idand in the Indian ocein,

no II

difcoverrd by the Portngucfe in i5tf.
Ii \% of an oval figure, (;oo in long and
ftoo broad. The Inland country I*
mountainous; but toward the fca low
and ni.irdiy ; efppcially on the northern
lidc, wlirrc it is coveted with foreds of
large trees, wbieh penetrate for fcores
of miles towardsthe centre of the ifland.
It produces rice, pepper, fago, dia-
monds, gold, pearls, canort, b<ca-wax,
camphor, dragoniblood, edible birds-
ncds, and fandal wood. The crang-
outang abounds in this ilLind. The
Liiglilh had fac^oriei here; but tlitTcr-
eiicofl arifing bi;tween them and tli;
natives, they were driven away, or
murdered, in 1706. The Dutch arc
now thr only Europeans who have fet-
llemcnts here, anu thrir cliitf f.idlorits
arc at the mouth of the Banjer and the
Pontiana. The feacoaft is ui'ually over-
flowed half the year, and wlitn the wa-
ters go off, the earth is covered with
mud ; for which reafon fome of the
houfes are built on floats, and others on
pillars. Tlie muddy flats arc divided
by rivers, which branch into numerous
canals, and are the only roads into the
interior parts. The countries on the
coall arc inhabited by a mixture of
Malays, Moors, Javanefe, and Macaf-
fars. The real natives of this ifland arc
the Biadjoos, or Dajakkefe, who arc
blacks and pagnn-', and live in the in-
terior part, on the w fide of the Banjer;
but their country is little known. They
are of middle ftature, and well made,
go almoft naked, and are tatooed blue.
They come down the Banjer in rude
boats to the pottof BangermafTing, with
gold dult and other articles; the Moors
called lianjareens being the fadors. Tiic
chiefs extract one or two of the fore
teeth, fubttituting others of gold; and
firings of the teeth of tigers, a real
badge of courage, are worn round the
neck. The coaft of this ifland is divid-
ed into feveral kingdoms, the principal
of which are Borneo and Banjennaf-
fing.

Borneo, a kingdom on the nw fide of
the ifland of liorneo, governed by a
fultan, who lives in great flate. The
capital, of the fame name, is large and
populous, with a good harbour. Lon.
11227 K.lat. 4 55 N.

Bornholmy an ifland of Denmark, in
the Baltic, of an oval form, about 2:in
in circumference, and nearly furroiind-
ed by rocks. The foil is ftony, but fer-
tile, with excellent paflurc ; and there
are mines of coal, and cjuarries of mar-
ble It lies 10 m SK of Schonen, in
Sweden. The chief town is Ronne.
Bornvu, an extcnlivc empire of N«-

*nd iiidi^^o, are

.^UaIIU

in i5tf.
long and
untry \t
L* fca low
northern
foreds of
or fcores
hf-'iflaml.
ago, <lia-
b< cu-wax,
l)le birild-
he cranR-
\Ui\- 'I'Jic
iut iliHlr.
I anil tlic
awayi or
Dutch arc
n have fct-
ff f,\(florieii
jiT aii'l the
iially over-
tn the wa-
verod with
im«; of the
d others on
are divided
3 numerous
ids into the
;riea on the

mixtmc of
and Miicaf-
lis ifland arc
e, who are
/K in the in-

the Banjer;
nown. They

well made,
atooed blue,
njer in rude
tiaffing, with
s; the Moors
? fadors. The
■) of the fore
)f gold; and
igers, a real
rn round tlif
nand is diyid-

thc principal
d Baiijeimal-

he NW fide of
ovorned by a
it ftate. The
e, is largo and
arbour. Lou.

t Denmark, in
m, about 2: m
sarly Inrronnd-
i ftony, but fer-
nc; and there
iiarries of niar-
)f Schonen, in
vn is Ronne.
empire of N«'

no K

l^fchnd, having Cnfliiu on the w, and
Nubia on the E. It contift . of a nnm-
Wv of onft s,or firiile fpotH, intcrfprrCfd
^vill^ arid wader.. The climate 18 fiid
fi) be characterized by cxci'llive, thoii^;Ii
I'ot bv uniform, heat. Two fe.ilbns,
one L.immencing liion after the middle
of April, tho other at the fame period
vx October, divide the year. The firfl
i.) iiitroihiccd by vioiei i winds from
Til.' 8E and s ; with intenle heat, a de-
luge of fnltry r<in, and fuch tempefts
*)f thunder and lightning, ns dtftroy
multitudes of tire cattle and many of
I hi: people. At the commencement of
the lecond <eali)ii, the ardent heat fub-
fidcb; the air becomes fol'tand mild, and
the v\'(it!)ir perfoJtly (ereiie. Maiz.e,
rice, 'lie horfebean of I'.urope, the
common kiclneybean, cotton, hemp,
jnd iiid!^-;o, arc cultivated; and there
.velit;s>gr,ipes, apricots, pomej'raiiates,
lemons, limes, and melons. 'I'he mott
villi, d)le tree is called Redcynah, in
form and height like an olive, th>' leaf
reli'tnbling that of a lemon, and bearing
1 nut, the kernel and fliell of which arc;
m great ellimation ; the firft as a fruit,
ihf lall on account of the oil it pro-
iliicta. Ilorli's, afTes, mules, dogs,
hei'ves, goats, fhcep, and camels ,(the
ficlh of which is much eftcemed) are
the common animals. Bt.es are fo nu-
merous, that the wax is ol't'n thrown
iway as an article of no value. The
game confifti of partridges, wild ducks,
.And oilrichcs, the flefli of which is
prized above every other. The other
animals are the lion, leopard, civet cat,
wolf, fox, elephant, buffalo, antelope,
and cameleopardalis ; and there are
many fnakes, Icorpions, centipedes, and
toads. The complexion of thi.* natives
isblack; but they are not of the Negro
caft. The drel's of the greater part
confiftsof fhirts of blue cotton manu-
iailiired in the country, of a red cap
brought from Tripoli, and a white
muTiin turban from Cairo. Nofc-rings
of gold are worn by the principal peo-
p'f. But the only covering of the
poorer fort is a kind of girdle for the
waill, In tiicir manners the people are
courteous and humane: they are pal-
lionately fond of play; the lower clafles
of draughts, and the higher excel in
chefs. More than 30 different lan-
g'Mges are faid to be (poken in Bornou
and its dependencies ; and the reigning
idigion is the Mohamedan. The mo-
narchy h eledtive. On the death of the
lovereign, the privilege of choofing a
fiicceffor from among his fons is con-
fwrcd on three perlong, whole age and

ehnrnft^r forwilUom are denoted hv rtie
title of ciders. I'lie I'llf.in is (aid to hav«»
500 ladicR in hit (t'ragliu; and that hit
Itud likcwile contains 300 hoi lis. Hit
dominions extend beyond the delert
into the fertile country of Ncgroland,
o. which he pofllHib a large portion.
He has a vaft army, which conllfts al-
mod entirely of horle : the (abre. pike,
and bow, art their we.rporg of offenc ,
and a (liield of hides is their armour.

Bornou, the capital of the empire of
the f.ime name, vviih a pai.ice lil:e a
citadel. Tin- whole city i» I'urroiiiided
by a high wall, encoinpal)''tl with a
ditch ; but the other towns (;t the king-
dom aiv open. The princip.d trade ia
in gold dud, fiavcs, horfes, odricheH
feithers, flit, and ci/et. It is ftaled o;i
tlie Ga/el, 750 m i-nk Crflli-.a. Lou.
i,j $ R, lat. 1945 N.

Uoroili.io, a villape of Ruffia, In the
government of Mofcow, on the river
Kaloya, whicli Hows to tiio Mofkwa, 8
\n w by N Mojailk. Here, on Sept. 7,
1812, was a gieal battle between the
Rnflians, under prince Kutufolf, and
Vw French, under Bonaparte ; the for-
ntiiv lod upward of 25,000 men, and
the French a far greater number, with
above io.ooo horfes : Imth fides claim-
ed the vitftory, but the French retreated
from the fichl.

tlorouf^hbridget a horough in N Tt brk-
fliire, with a market on Saturday, and
a trade in hardware. Here Edward n,
in 1322, defeated the rebel earl of Lan-
cufler. It is feated on ilie Ure, over
which is a done bridge, 18 m n w York,
and 206 N by w London.

Bo>riano,<i town of Spain, in Valen-
cia, at the mouth of the Millas, ai m N
Valencia.

Borrowdale, a village in Cumberland,
6ms Kefwick. It dands at the head
of a narrow and crooked valley, and is
famous for mines of wadd, or black-
lead, a fubllance almoft peculiar to
England.

Borroivjionnefs, pv Bonffs, a town of
Scotland, in Linlithgowiliiic, with a
fafe and commodi';us harbour on the
frith of Forth. It has a confulerable
trade in fliip-bnilding and coal, and ex-
tcnlive manufac^hircs of fait and done-
ware. It is 5 m N Linlithgow, and iS
w by N Edinburg.

Bofii, a feaport of Sardinia, and a bi-
fhop's fee, with a cadle, on a river of
the fame name, 17 m siiu Algeri. Lon.
)J 50 K, lat. 40 29 Jf.

Bofcanvrn Ijland, an ifland in the Pa-
cific ocean, about rem in circumfer-
fuce. Lon. 175 10 w, lat. 15 50 s.

I-. n

!■ I

^11

'

i' '^^

BOS

Bo/fOt or 5o/f//i, a town of Itr-ly, In
Miliiirft', ff.Ucd on the Orbc, 5 m r.
Ali-xntulria.

/io/'co/u/, 3 vill.iKf ill Shropfhirf, 9 m
it NfWpoil, wlicrcClwirlcs 11 was con-
cf.ilal ill nil oak, alter the battle of
Woicif^rr.

Bojhiii, a province of EiiropCiii) Tiir-
kry, I ao m loii^ aixl ;o hruiid ; hoiiniU
ed on tin- N by Stiavoni 1, k by Sfrvii,
9 by Albiiiiia, anil w liy Datm.iti;i ami
CuMti.i It is niouiitainoiitt, l)iit U'V-
!i!f, cfpccitlly m-ar the -ivcrs. Serai in
tlie capital.

Bojni, a town of Syria, wh«'rc M«)-
hamed is faid to have rrccivt^d much iii-
formalioii from a Ncllorian motile, to-
ward founding his religious dudriiics. It
is 100 m p Damafcus. Lon. 37 10 k,
lat 3J ao N.

Doj/inj/tSL borough in Cornwall, that
ha6 now no market ; fcated near the
Brifto! channel, (7 m Nw Lauticedoii,
and aj^ w hy s London. Si'c 'i'mtiij^el.

bojl a lining town of I'crfia, in Si-
geftan It is fcatctl on tin- Hecrmund,
170 m wsw Candahar. Lon. 64 15 E,
lat. jjs 30 N.

Bojhn, a borough in Lincolnfliircgo-
vr-rnt'd by a miyor, with a market on
Wcdiicfday tnd Sa'urdiiy, and a tr'!(:
in wool. If 13 leatcd on the \Viiham,
not far from its f-ntrance into the feu;
bill its harbour can .uimit veflcls <- in-
ferior burdt n only. It has.'. iiavi);aiion
to Lin.^olo, partly by the VVith.aii, and
partly by a canal ; and there is another
catial to BwLirn. '1 he lofly lower of its
large Gothic ciiurcti is a noted feamark.
The number of inhabitants vvas 5926 in
i8o(, and 8i8o in iSii. li is ..^7 m se
Lincoln, and 113 n London. Lon. 05
i;,lat.^3 I N.

Uojlon, the capital of MaflPichufeta,
and of Suffolk county, ftated on a pe-
ninfula, at the w end of MalFachufets
bay, covered by numerous iflands and
rocks, and defended by a caftle. The
peninfula is formed by the harbour and
the river Charles, and contains about
700 acres ; it is conncw'ted to the main-
land, on the .s, by an ifthmus a mile in
length, and about a quarter where
broadcfl-. The city extends in the form
of a crtfceiit about the harbour ; and
the country rifinc; gradually beyond,
affords a deiigh nrofpedt. There is
only one fafe c».-..nel to approach the
harbour, and that fo narrow, that two
fhips can fc.ucely fail abreaft. Within
thi harbour ihiie is room for 500 fhips
to anchor ; and at the Long Pier, which
is near jooo feet in length, fliips of the
greateft burden may come clo£e. Moil

IJ 0 T

of the public building! arc handfome,
and fome of them elegant. Franklin
I'laci' ifl.i griMt ornament to ihe town;
it Oiiiitaiima monument of Dr. Frai.kliii
(who wai bom here) and i.s cnLomp.iH".
id on two lidei with liuildin|;(n of lupr.
lior elegance. On the w lulc of the
tr>wn is the Mail, a beautiful public
walk; and oppolite it, on l)eacun<hill,
is .1 magnificetit l\Aic-houfe. The (lieets
ar«' h.indfnmc, pnticularly that extend-
ing from the pi<T to tiic townhoule.
Here ..re 19 tdihcfi for public wrlhip,
bt!oni;uig to Hits of various denoiniii.-i.
til. MS i fcven ftee-fchooh, lupporttdat
thr public cxpenfe ; and two ele^'iiit
bridges over t harlc.i river, v. Inch have
driiws for the atlmiflion of velfi-lH. One
of them, calli'd Charles River Bridge,
connciJls the city with Ch.'itlefton ; mil
tile oilier, Weft Mollon llridge, 3483
feet m length, leads to Cambridge. In
lAoo the nuiubir of inhabitants wai
24.937, and now it is deemed to be up-
ward of 3c, 000. The foreign .uid do*
mtllic tr.ule is very conliderable ; and
the principal manufatSturi'S conlift of
rum, loaf lug.ir, c'anvafi, cordage, beer,
pot and pearl nib, glaf:, tobacco, and
chocolate. Fifteen of the idands in the
harbour afford pafturage and corn, and
furnifh agrei-ahle placei of refott in
fummcr to parties of [ileafure. In the
neighbourhood of Ilolton, the firft hof-
tiMiies commenced, in 1775, betwien
the coloniftsi and the troops of the
mother country, who evacuated the
town in 1776. It is 151 m ne New
York. Lon. 7to w, lat. 4a 18 N.

BoJkvurtA, Market, a town in Leicef-
terfliire, with a market on Wednefday.
In its vicinity was fought the famous
battle between Kichard 111, and the earl
of Richmond, afterward Henry vii,in
which the former loft his crown and
life. "^ It is feated on a hill, 13 m w Lei-
ceftcr, and 106 nnw London.

Botany Bay, a bay of New S Wales,
difcovered by Cook in 1770, and fo
called from the great quantity of herbs
found on the Ihore. The promonlDritj
which form its entrance are named
Cape Banks and Point Solander. It
was originally fixed on for a colony of
convifts from Great Britain, wliicli, in
the fequel, took place at Port Jackfon,
13^ m further to the n. Lon. 151 21 b,
lat. ^4 o s.

Botany Ijland^ a fmall ifland, in the
Pacific ocean, to the se of New Cale-
donia. Lon. 167 17 E,lat. aaa/s.

Botejdale, a town in Suffolk, with a
market on Thurfday, feated in a Talley,
15 m N£ Bury and 86 London.

mt t;

nJfome,

Frai>klin

jomp.iir* I
of Iwpf*

c of the

il public

»con-hill,

'he ftteets

Lt extend-

iwnhoiili*.

; wrlliip,

letiomiiia*

iporti'd at

ro eU'gint

.hich have

HVIh. One

cr Hridgc,

•|\oii i iiul

idgc, 348,1

>r'ulgf. In

(ilants Will

d to hi- up*

gn .'lid do-

;rablc ; and

} conlift of

rdage, btcr,

obaccoi and

(lands in the

id corn, and

^f rtfoit in

,ut'. In the

the firft hof-

75, between
)op» of tlie
icuHted thi"
m NE New
. 18 N.
n in Leicef-
Wedntfday.
the famous
and the earl
[eniy vii,in
crown and
13 mw Lei*

ion.

lew S Wales,
770, and fo
itity of herbs
iromontoritJ
ave named
lolandt-r. It
a colony of
|iiu which, in
[\)rt Jacklbn,
on. 151 2iB»

inand, in the
af New Cale-
It. za a; s-
Titfolk, with a
ed in a Talky*
bidon.

nor

KothHhi, Ha/l, a piovincr of Sweden,
In Finland, on the t. iid<- of the (jiilf of
Botl'iii^, bctwi'i'n the provinces ot Kimi
Miitl Finland I'roper and Uufli.i. It ii
^00 m in lcti}(th, an«l from 40 to aio
in breadth. On thr fcMOiall, and to*
vvird the H,thf land is low and ni.irniy ;
and the fummfrs an- oft«'n fo colil a 1 to
deltroy great part of the cmps. The
inh. kbit. nits arc thinly (i)r(Md(iv^r thiit
liri;«' fpace, llu? cattit Imall, atul bean
iinnKiouu. 'Ihe principal export** arc
timlKT. i)Utter, whale oil, pitch, and
tav. This province b fome litnei called
Cajaiii. The capital is UliMb'tr^.

Hot/inin, ff'f/i, a pfovincc of Swidcn,
in Nordland, on the w conll of the yrnlf
of Bothnia. It is 230 m in Icni th, be-
tween the ftacoalt and Swcdilh Lip-
Inul, anil from 15 lo ?o in bre.vlth.
Tlic foil ii t(»lerably ftrtilc, but iiidden
froftu ill July often dclkroy the crops;
and it has mines of copper and iron,
and nnmeioi;^ forefts. The chief ar-
ticli s ofiomnurceaic the (kins ot foxes,
crniiiies, bears, wolves, riiiidecr, otters,
&c. The 0 'pitai is lima.

Bjt/inia, GuZ/of, n fea or largi^ gidf,
briuicliing n fronn the I5altic, at the .(le
of Aland, and bounded on the w, n,
.mid t by the dominions of Sweden.
On its coalls are many i'lnnll ifl.ind:*.

Botkify a vill.ngo in Hampfhirc, 6 m E
Southampton, on the river Han\ble,
noted for a confulcrable trade in flt)ur.

BoUesford, a village in LeicclterJhire,
on the confines of Nottinglnmlhirc and
Jancoli,. .ire, 7 m w by n Giaiitfiam.
Near it, on a lofty eminence, is Bolvoir
caftle, the ancient feat of the dukes of
Kiitiand. In the church are fever;.-! mo-
numents of that noble family ; and
many Roman antiquities have been
found in the neighbourhood.

Botivar, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtembcrg, on a river of the
famt^name, 15 m sse Hailbron.

B9tze»y or Soltano, a town of Ger-
many, in Tyrol, capital of the diftrid
ot Etichland, with a caftle. It is cele-
brated for its excellent wine, and has
fuur noted annual fairs, frequented by
great numbers of Germans, Swifs, and
Italians. It Hands on the Eifack,
furrounded by mountains, 1% m sw
Brixon. Lon. 11 15 E, lat. 46 3a n.

Bova, a town of Naplei, in Calabria
Ultra, ao m b K Reggio.

Bouc/iaitiy a fortified town of France,

in the department of Nord, divided into

two parts by the Scheldt. It was taken

by the allies in 17 11, but retaken the

I year foUowiDg ; and was invelled by the

no u

Anllrians tn i7(u, but loon relieved. It
i. i;m w ValencienneH.

UoHchartt a town of France, in the
di partnient of Indit and Loire, litiiatw
on ,\r\ ill.tiid in the river Viennc, 15 m
bsw 'J\)urii.

Boufhemaint a town of Franrc, in the
department of Mayeiuic and Lol.Cf 4 m
a Anger-*.

Buuclunsy a town of Franci-, in the
dtp ntment of Doubt, 8 ni k Beian(;on.

Houdry, ,\ town of SwilTerlaiu!, in the
County of Neuch.itcl, 4 m aw Neu-
chatfl.

Bo-vflltt, a town of Francr, in the
department of Soinme, 6 m wiw A-
miens.

Bovif^nes, a town of the N;*therlands,
in Namur, on the river Mcufe, 10 m s
Nainiir.

i>oiii//ont a town of the Nt thcrlandi,
in Luxemburg, with a cali^U-, on an
almolt inacceflible rod.-. The French
to>ik it in 1676, when Lewis xiv gave
it to the duke of DouilL)n. In 1794 it
was taken by (form, by i' .u-ral Beau-
lieu, after defiatir;,' a b' ily ..f French
rcpiililic.m^, and given up to pillage. It
is featcd near the Scmoy, 6 m nne Se-
dan, and 46 w by N Luxemburg. Lon.

5 ao t, lat. 49 45 ^^

Bouilly, a town of France, in the dc-
pHrltncilt of Aube, 7 m b Tioyes.

Bcvino, a town of Naples, in Capita-
rata, at the foot of the Apennines, 15
n\ NE Hcnevenio.

Boiilaj/, a town of France, in the de-
partment of M,)felle, 13 m NE Metz.

f.ouli\^ne, a feaporl of France, in the
d< partment of I'as de Calais, lately an
epifc'pal fee. It il divided into two
towi. , the higher and the lower. The
harbour has a mole for the fafety of the
Ihips, and to prevent it from being
choked up. It is feated at the mouth
of the Lianne, 14 m ssw Calais- Lon.
I 37 E, lat. 50 44 N.

Bourbon^ an ifland in the Indian
ocean, 60 m long and 45 broad, lying
300 m E Madagafcar. It has not a fafe
harbour, but there arc many gojd roads
for fhipping. On the se is a volcano.
It is a fertile ifland ; producing, in par-
ticular, excellent tobacco. The French
fettled here in 1671, and have fome
confiderable towns ; and here their
Iiidia (hips ufed to touch for refrefli-
ments. It furrendered to the Englilh
in 1 8 10. The chief town is St. Denys.
Lon. 55 ao e, lat. ao 5a s.

Bourbon, a town of Kentucky, chief
of a county of the fame name. It (lands
on a poiat of land formed l?y two of the

'f,^-

m

M

h

i^

i
>

vi

1

Hi

^f

'■'Iff

& branchei of the Licking, ao tn >mk
LcxiiiKtwH.

Bourbon laiHfy, .1 town of France, in
thi* clrp.irttncnt of Saonr ;inct r.oiro, ce*
Irbr.itril lor it 4 lud iiiinir.tl u. iters, ;in() x
Inr^tc m.'trt)le navrmtiit, calli'dllic Ort.Mt
Bath, which is a worli of the Komitis.
It in iH m »\v Autuii.

Bourbtn r Art/iamhiiud, .1 town of
France, irithi* d«p,irtn»cnt of Allicr, rr-
lebratcd for itsliot bathii, nndfur ){ivin^
name to the family uf thr late king of
France. It is litu:itc mar the river
Alirr, I J ni w Moiiiiiiii.

Hcurhunne Us lUiins, a town of I'r.inr.e,
in thf* drpartmcrit of Upper Marni*, f.i-
nious tur its hot bathrt, i8 ni KNt: L.tti«
grci.

Bourl'o/tKois, a l.itc province of France,
bounded on tlic n by NiviTiiuis and
Merry, w by IJcrry and Marclic, s by
Anvergnc, and k |)y Uurgiindy and
Fore/. It abounds in corn, fruit, p;if.
tnre, wood, gninc, and wine. It now
forms the dipartiin-nt of Allier.

Bourbourg, a town of France, In llic
department of NortI, fcattd near th«
river Au, and on a canal that commu-
nicates with Calais and l^unicirk, lo m
sw Dunkirk.

Bourdeanx^ a city .ind fe.iport of
France, capital of the d. p.irtini-nt of
Gironde, and an archiepilcopal fee. Jt
has a univerlity, an acidcmy of artsnnd
icienceH, a public lilji-iry, and a Inrgc
bolpital, in which arc mar.y maiuifac-
turcs. The city is bnilt in tho form of
a bow, of which the river fiaropne is the
ftriti^; ; at\i the harbour is I.Tue, with
grand atid i'xtenlivr quays. It lias 12
.tfates, and is dernud the fv.cond eity in
France for m ignitmle, riches, and po-
pulatioi!. Tt'f c thfdral ii niiich a('-
mired. The cilllf, call 'd the Trum-
pet, is furiounilcd by tic vivtr ; and
near anoilit-r c.iil't ari- hue walks. The
moft rem irUallc antiquities are the pa-
lace of Gain 1111=, buiii like an aiTir)>ii-
theatre, and Icvcra! aquidiif'is. It has
a coididcrahlc trade, i);nticijlarly in
clarel and brandy. Ileic Etlwanl the
black prince, of I'lntjlaiid, refilled ieve-
ral yearn, and his ton, atttrward Ri-
chard II, was born. It is 87 m s Ro-
chelh", and .]25 sw Paris. Lon. o 34
w, lar. 44 r^o N.

Bourdines, a town of the Netherlands,
in Namtir, 5 m s'w Iluy.'

Bu!ir\f, a city of France, capital of the
deparniRMit of Ain. Near it is the mag-
nificent church and monallery of the
Auguftins. The principal commerce
is in cum, liorfes, cattle, and white

l<'ather. It Oindi in a marfhy but tfi ■
tilt* C'>iaitry, on the river Krdbutre, it
m NK Lyon, and Jijj tiii Pant. Lon
5 ig k, Idt. 46 1 1 H.

Bourjf, a town of Fr.incr, In the de-

f>.irtmci;i of (tiriiiide, with .1 tide h.ir
Kiiir on the Dordottnc. ni tr the pdint
of land formed by the jun.;iioii of^thif
river with the (» ironne. It hai .1 ^rrtt
trade in wine, unci iu 15 ni n by k llour.
dcaux.

Bi>urj(, a town of Gti.iyait.i, in th«
ilhnd uf ('aycnnc. Lun. 5a jo %v, Ut.

Hourjf d'Oi/iint, .1 town of Frunre, '\r,
the department of I fete, fcaied on tlie
Uomaiiche, jo m r.%K Orcnohle.

Botir-rnnm/, a town <»f Fr.«ncf, in tlic
department of Crrnle. Here ii a loffj-
tower, faced with (tones cut diamoixl-
wi(e, eredleil by '/.ilim, brother of Hi.
j.l/.ct u, cmpcTor of the Turkh, wIkh
he wa^ obliged to exile himli If, .iftfr
the K)fa of a deciiivc battle. Uoui^m-
neuf \s lt!ated on the Tauriou, :o m ni
Lin)t)ge8.

Bouri^es, a city of Fr.»nce, capital of
tlie department of Cher, and an archi-
epi(i;(>pal fee, with a univeifity, Ibiind.
ed by Lewis xi, the Nero v{ rraiicc,
who was born here. In extt-nt it is one
of the j^rc.itill cities in Fr:ince, but the
iiilnbitants hardly exceed ao.ooc. The
principal manufadlurcs are cloth, wool-
i'.n llull'!, and (lockings; butthetrKle
is incoiiliderable. It is feitcd at tlie
conflux of tlie Auroti and Y»,vie, ^5 m
Nw Ncvera, and 125 s Paris. Lon. 2 24
K, lat. 47 5 N.

Bou>_iri'i, a town of Savoy, on a lake of
the fiine name, neir the Rhone, 6 m n
Chamberry.

Boiirtrnftify a feaport of France, in thr
department of lower Loire. The chief
trade ih in fait, made from tho alj iccnt
falt-marlhes. It (lands on a bay to which
it gives name, between the ille of N'»ir-
montier ..nd the continent, 20 m sw
Naiitcs. Lon. 2 .^ w, lat. 47 4 n.

Bourgtuil, a town of France, in the
department of Indre and Loire, 22 m w
Tours.

Hourmont, a town of Fr.ince, in the
department of Upper Marne, on afteep
mountain, 20 m k by n Chaumont-

Bourn < a town in Lincolnihire, with
a market on Saturday. It has a naviga-
ble canal to Holton, and is feated at the
(ource of a rivulet that flows to Spald-
ing, 35 m s Lincoln, and 97 N London.

Bouro, one of the Molucca iflnnds,
between Celebes and Ctram, 90 m lon?
and 30 broad. Some mountains in it

nit ft ■

iiir.-, \*
i.tiii

ranee, in the

'I hf chiff

).iy tovvhtcU
illc of N'>ir-
t, 20 m sw

17 'V N- ,
iiiicc, m tbc
,oire, 22 mw

,T-nce, in ^^^
ne, onafteep

launnont.
olnllure, with
h38 u naviga-
sfeatedatthe

0W8 to Spald-
07 N London.

lucca ifl^"J8»
am, 90 m Ions:

lOuntainB in n

BO X

arr extremely h ^h. nnd ttic &n on one
futt iiiiiK'omiiuMi'ydicp It pr.ul.icri
iiUKiU'K'* ■oil) clovt •), rociKi ami h.iii.in.i
tneii atui tiuuy viifct.iblt't iiilriuliu'cd
by tlie Dutch. Ttic chii»f Itivvii it «if
ihc fanu' natnr, all'u c.ilird Cajfli, from
thf bay oti u'hiti) it i« Ic.ittd. I.()n. u;
j^K, lat..j \» >«.

Bourt/ttj, a I ')wn of France, In l 0 d«'-
nartment uf i'.iH dc Cabi:i| i> m >)K
Houlognc

llniijflv, a town of Fiance. In tlic dc
partiiit'iit of Ctrid'i-, witli a caltic on a
rock, i^y in Nr (Micnt.

r,chtoii,o\\f of tlic Molucca iflandi, in
the Indi.iii ociMi), 12 ni -^k Cclcbci.
Lon. l:,i lo r., Lit. ^ o x.

P.nittnnvi/tf, .1 town of Fr.tnce, In the
tirpaiinuhl of Moii'llc, on the river
Nicd, 1; m NK M«|/.

How, a town in U^^'V. iilliirr, with a
mukct on 'lli'iiUliy ; ri.ittd at tlur
lonrcc of a rivti, whicli flow* into the
T,iw, 14 m Nw LxcUT, aid i!l8 w by h
London.

I'.ow, .T viJlaRcin Mlddlcftx, a m knf.
London. It han many tnilU, mamilac*
lures, nnd diftillfrii'«, on the river Lv:\,
ovi-r which is a briilijc, faid to hv the
lirft Itoiu' uni' built in EnKJand.and that
iVom itM arciics titc village received the
nami' of How.

Ccavy an ifiand in the Pacific ocean,
about ,10 m in cireumferciice. I. on.
141 10 w,lat. iH 2^ s.

bowiifj, a villane in Wcftmorl.ind,
on the K lide of WindermiTc- water, 9
IT. w by N K<ndal. It is a great mart
for filh and charcoal, and the cliief place
for trading and pleaUire boats ufed in
navigating the lake.

Bor.vnrfst a village in Cnmberlitid, at
the w end of the Pids w.d!, on Solway
frith, I ^ m w by n Carlide. It was a
Rom:m llatioii. called Blatr n Hiilginni;
and hiuc<; Antoninus be^^.m his itine
rary.

Hoxl^rri!^, a ♦own of Germany, in the
circle of Upper Rhine, with an ancient
Mitic on an cmint'iicc ; ftaicd on the
Taiiber, 13 m w Mergentheiin.

Boxford, a village in Suffolk, 5 m from
Sudbury. It has a great trade in m;dt,
Slid a manufacture for diefilng (iieep
and deer ikinsin oil.

Boxlei/, a village in Kent, 4 m n Maid-
ftonc, famous for an abbey, founded in
'146, fomc remains of which Hill exift.
in this abbey, lidward 11 granted the
charter to the city of London, empow-
I wing them to eleO:! a mayor.
I Boxlel, a town of the Netherlands,
m Brabant, feated on the livtr liommcl,

n u A

nnd furniiiied with iliilcfi. litre the
Hntiih an! Dutch tioopi), under (he
dnke uf Y<nk, wtrc (l«*f<atpd by the
l-riiich in 1794. It U M m • Uuii It
Due.

Uoxlhutir,» town uf Lower Saxonf,
in tho diiehy of Hremeii, f«*ated on ihc
Lite, which fluwit intu the Elbr, 1; m
aw tl.imbiirg.

Hotf/f, .1 boroiiKh of IrrUnd, In th«
County of Kou-iimmon. Ilm! ,irr the
ruiiii* of an abbey, near the lake Key,
and mamilaCtur .1 of linen and yarn. It
ii li-jted un the river Ooylr, a.) m n KuI«
com mini,

lini/rii-t a river of Ireland, which rifea
in the N part of the county of Kildarri
crud'eti till- county of Me.itb. and entera
the Irilb channel, below Droghedi. In
thi« rivir and on its banks James 11 wai
defentnl by VV'illiam in, in i6go.

I'lDiotQ, a town of Italy, in Mantuan.
(eati d on the Oglio, 15 m «w Manlu.i.

Ilnaii, a river of Scotland, in Prrtb
(liir . which delccnds fri»m the hillH C
of 1 ')ch 'lay, and Hows into the Tay
above Dunkeld. Upon this river it •
gr.md (cene, at a plac<; called the
Kumbliiig bridge. Uiulcr an arch,
thrown over a narrow chafm, between
two projecting rocks, tlur river it prcci*
|[)itated in a fall of near 50 leet.

Brabnut, a territory of the Niftber*
lands, bounded on the v by I loll rid
and OclderlHiid, k by Liegt, 1 by Na-
mur, am! w by llainaull, Flanders, and
Zeal ind. The principal rivers are thf
Scheldt, Meufe, Donimel, Nethe, and
Dyle. The northern part belongs to
Holland, under the (fenominaiion of
Dutch Drabant, of which Hois le Due
is the capital. 'Fhe (i)utliern part,
lately denominated Aullrian Brabant,
now belongs to Franc, and is ilivid«-d
into the departmcntsof 'J"wo Nethcs. and
Dyle, of which Antwerp and BrufFcls
are the chief towns.

Bracciano, a town of Ifniy, in the pa-
trimony of St. I'eter, celebrated for
fomc warm baths in its vicin'ty. It is
iituate on a lake of the fame name. 12
in Nw Rome.

Braccigiumo, a town of Naples, in
PrinjipoLO Citra, 7 m nnw S-xlcrno.

Bracklffj- a borough in ., 'orthamp-
tonlliire, governed by a nviyor, with a
market on Wedncld.iy. It contains two
churches, and had formerly a college,
now a freelchool. It is leated on the
Oud', i8 m ssw Northampton, and 6,{
NW London.

Bradaiv, a ftrong town of Poland,
capital of the palatinate of its name, in

T/i

• I ■

m4

nn A

Poilnlla. Ii lUhtU on ihi' rivrr Kof , 1(5
m » K^miriicck. I^n. til jA >» l4t. 4K

tradfitld, M town In KlT'cx, with «
m«iKrl III' T''iirfiJ.iy, fi iifil mi ehc
rivrr hluKw.i r* 16 m N ChtliUaloril,
•lui 44 MM» l.oiuton

hr,m/orJ, « limn in WiUniire, with
• m •rkii i>ri Nlonttay It 11 tlic c«*ntrr
of Mir j'rr it. l\ t'.cbric i>( fiiprrrinr clt»th«
in i'.t gl.iiitl. It (I •n(i» un ilic i'ulc of .1
rocky l*iill. ott the Avon, 10 m k by w
W airnlhftfr, anil 100 W I <.euf«>ii.

luti.ij'.rd, .1 i«i\Mi in W Yiiikfliirf,
will .iitarlrlon Thiitfd.ty. Itht^a
C.11111I, whii li li it l.nnih from the Lfiiii
Miul I ivrrpnol. 7'hc manuij^tiirciiare
t.imniiiii, ctlamnni-iiii, wnollcn riothi,
we'll (muIk, combu, and Icitlicr bi>X)'ii ;
iiikI in the vicinity ii a cnpital iron
foiiiulrry. ' 'he number of irhabituntu
MrtB 6.19,) in i8ui, .uul 77^7 in itiii.
It iit 10 m w I,irdi,3nil ii^6 nnw Lon*
dun.

Brndfordt a town of MaflTaclinfrti,
In I'.diA fdiiiily, vvherr fomr vi'IFcIh arc
tiiiiit, ;iti(l llioet m.MJc for «'xpi<rt.itioii.
It iM litu;itr on the Mirrim.ic, oppultic
Havtrhill, 10 ni w Niwbury Port.

BraJinx, a corpor.ilt town in H.mip.
fliiri*. ni;.\r the •• aii^-lc ol the illc «)f
Wijs'ht, at the lic.ul of .1 iargf haven,
which adniitN fmnll vifl'ds to the c]ii.iy
at hi^h w.iirr. It is 6 m t Newport,
aiul 8 s Port I mouth.

bnif^a, a city of Portugal, capititi of
I'lntrc Douiu c Minho, am! the fci- ^,i
an archbifltiip, who is priniatf of Por-
tugal. It coi\f.iins lour fhiirciiri,, hf
tide the catlii-dral, and i i^'ht c<>nvciitii.
Here ar»' fonu' ruins of an amphimcatrt',
and an a<iuedui;t. It is ft-ated in a fer-
tile country, on tin- Cavado, 180 m n
Ltibon. Lou. H 29 w , lat. <i 1 4 } n.

Brn(;anza, a city of Portugal, iti Tra
lo3 Moiiti'B. It i? divided into the old
and the new town : tlie former fiaiids
on an rniincnci", furrounded Uy double
walLn, now in ruins ; and the latter on
a plain, at the foot of a ninuntain, dc-
f( nded by a fort. It is feated on the
Fcrvanza, ^t m wnw Miranda, and 88
NE Oporto. Lpn. 6 ^o w, lat. 41 a n.

Braila, a town of European Turkey,
in VV^Iachia, with a caftlc ; fcati'd on
the Danube, 1 10 m aK 'I'ergovifto.

Brailowt a town of Poland, in Podo-
lia, on the river Bog, 30 m n w Brae-
law.

Brain le Comte, a town of the Nether-
lands, in Hainault, 15 m ssw Bruffels.

Braintree, a town in KlTcx, with a
market on Wcdnefday. It has a conft-

W R A

iterabti* manufacture of l>iyi» and u
Jnincil <Ht lb« N bv Ihr cxltiilive «illat(f
u( IW>cking. It l» fi^fttrd on Ihr riv»r
Hhekwulif, 11 m n by ■ ChctntaforJ,
anil 40 NK London.

liriUHlrf*, a t iwn of MalTicbufet*, In
iNurfoik county, the birthplace ot John
Ati.inm, the Ht(l vicpri iittrnt . .uul the
ftCMiid pff li.lrnt of tne United St itr«.
It i» fc.iti d on .1 bay. Kin « by » Hufllun.

hnih/, a UiHuof WiApbalia, in Ihr

ririncip-ilityot P.idrrbom. on the rivulet
Irught, 1^ III y P.ideiborn.

Initio, a tnoiint.iiii of the Atpit, in
the canton of Oriloni, which ftpi.
rAtei the vallry of .Munitcr from tlic
county of Boiinin. U in .'uppofed toU'
the fame that T.«citu* mcntuins under
tli«r name of Jug.i Khctica-

Brantiint, a town of Savoy, on th«>
river Arc, ao ui k hi. Jean de Mauri*
cnnc.

llritmber, a borough In SnfTcX, which
ii now wuhout cilJicr market or lair;
I'eated on the Adui. adjoinliiK to the «
of Steynii'.g, ;, 1 m s by W London.

Bniuifilou, a town in Cumberland,
with a mirlut on Tuefday. On the
top of a liiKh hill \% a fortified trench,
cdlcd the Aiole. It is feated on the
Itiliii'g 9 m RNKCirlifle, and 31 1 mmw
London.

Brum)!. ,lt% a town of Lower Saxony,
in IlollUiii, near wliit h i< \ tnedi'.'inal
f;jriiij(. I' '\<\ featej on the Uram, ti
m N' tl.imbtirg.

Bronniv, a town of Bulieinia, witli a
manulaclure of coloured cluth, ti m
NW Gl.ity,.

BtdHtaltmif, a town of Naples, in
Calabria Ultra. 9 m he Mova.

Brancajier, a village in Norfolk, ^ m
w by N Burnham. It was the ancient
Branodunum, a confiderable Homaii
city, and has now a great tr.ide in malt.

Brtintleij,3L town of liohcmia, on the
river r.lbe, ioiunk Prague.

BrcinJfuburjf, a mar()uifate of Ger-
many, in the circle- of Upper Saxony;
bounded on the w by Luneburg. n by
Pomeraiiiaand Mecklenburg, K by Po'
land, and s by Silella, Lulatia, S.ixony
Proper, and Magdeburg. It is divided]
into live parts : the Old mark, tlie mark
of Pregnitz, and the Middle, Ucker, andj
New mark } ami their chief townsi
arc Stendal, Perleberg, Brandenburg,
Prenzlo, and Cuflrin. The principal ri-
vers arc the I'.lbe, Havel, Spree, Uckcr^
Oder, and VVartc. The country is ir
general landy, and the foil meagre; buj
It produces Ibme corn, and abounds ii^
wood, wool) iron, flax, hemp, hopi

and fnharcix
uiti'bii.inii «^
P'pirti .If,. t„|,
pit.il.

pifal of ij„. ivi

•>"'». It Ik ,1,
new town, |,y
'••P«ratfi n,e f,
F'-nch refu;:eei
Intrcxfucrd ,f,,.jr
drred it » „^,f

" ♦" I'y • iWli,,

ony.lnMecmn.i,
'" •>/ walU. 7'li
ftraiKht. the thg
larfe rtruetiire, t
^}»}^y of n..tia.
lollenlec, 7, m ,

prandenhuri;, ,\
»vitli an anci.'iit c
of the Friich II.-,/)
org.

Brandon, a tow

market on Friday
/■ittle On/,.., „ver w
one mile below \% .,
?<K.ds to .-ind (rom
J'l « great trade i

'•nfive rabl.ft warr.
*\W"ry,an<l 78 KN

/.r./;//,,,/,., town
Nfwh, ven county, V
"•"■4 "1 its n.'iphi,,,

"la river of the i:„ J
nu) Long Jn.,m| /,,,
"'i;''". and 40 s by V
^rrtvy^rt , town o

JrnM, a c<,unt?yl

Which gives the title

Urn apparent of thee
f»'^y:M>omthen
J -i to that of the ri
«-Hdofj,oom,and
5' »o 1000. it vv

'500. by .Alvarez Cab
^h'Mvas tore,.,! upo,

0' l-rafil wu(,d found
?"^*' have not pc,

;.;-7"t-y; but the
«;ran,.an, S,,.,, RjP

£'■'»*• ^'^■'"'"nbu
.7 • B-«y. Ilhros,

w

.P""

1*411^

^JM

ntf U

(t*. in

John
ml X^f
St itr%.
lulUin

kit lb«
rivulet

ktp)t« ill
\ l«pi-

OIU ttiC
ti\ tolK•
• Mauri*

X, which

or fair-.

; to the •

iilon.
ubtrl.intl,
On the
Lil trench,
:<l t)n «h«!

311 NMW

:r

Saxotiy,
m'di'-'ii>'»l
Ui.irt»i II

a, with .»
jth, 11 »n

N.ipl*'»i

in

folk, ^m
he ancu'nt

lie in inalt.
x\\A, «JU the

t,' of Gcr-

•r Saxony;

nil A

and tntMiCCO. Thr Krr4lr(t pfrnt of tht
inh'hil.inu nrc Litthcmn* i Itiit iht
ujpifti »rr tulcratcil. Ikriiti i« the c«*
plt.1l.
lirtinJtulfHrfh A city nf Gcrm.iny, ci*

(tiirg. It ii« ilividrd into thr ol«l a\m\
new town, by the river ILivd, which
fi-p4r.tlri the foit front both. Some
I'li-nch refuse''*, h^viiiK lcttlc«l hrtr.
iotriMtncrd (hfir mani|f;tdure», aiui rcti«
ilrrrti it a .)ror|)crnu« pUct. It i« \x
ni w hy » iWrlin. Lun. la 46 K, lit. 5)

llr(inJtnburt(, A town of Lower 8.ix«
ony. ill Mi*cktniburi(Stirlilz, furrouiul-
rd l)y w.illit. The llrctti utr wide 4nil
llr.iight, th<> church of St. M.iry id a
|jrf«> ilriK^hire, and tite townhokilc i«
woithy of notice. It 1) ittuatir un the
lolh-nrcci 7a m N llcrl'n. Luit. ij ao

». I»t Si .U w.

BratiJanhury, .1 town of IC Pruflll,
with iin uncii lit catllr, at the mk ind
uf the Frilch Il.-ifl', ij in »w Konigl*
birj?.

Brandon, a town in SuflDlIc, with .1
market on Fiiilay. It llnids on the
I.ittic Onfc, over wliich in a bridge, and
one mile below in .t ferry for conveying
g(K)dii to 'ind from the illc of Ely. It
h.i8 a grc.it trade in corn, malt, coal,
timlMT, cVc. and in the vicinity are ex-
itnftvo rabbit warrenn. It is 15 tn N by
w Uury, and 78 nnk London.

lirtinford,\ town of (onneflicut, in
Ncwhavcn county, which has many iron
works in its neiphbourhuod. It (tandg
ona river of the Time name, which riina
inU) Long inaiul loiiixi, 10 m v. New-
hivcn, and 40 s by w II utford.

Branjka, a town of Trinfylvania, on
the river .Merilh, 35 m s WpiflTcmburg.

Hrnjil^ a country of S America,
which gives the title of princr to the
htir apparent of the crown of Poittigal.
ill Icn^'.h, from the mouth oti^ the river
Para to ihiit of the river Fl.ita, is up-
waiduf iioo m, and its breadth is from
90 to looo- It was difcovcred in
1500, by .\lvarez Cabral, a Portuguefe,
who was forced upon it by a tcmpcit ;
ind it h.'u! its name from th<r abundance
lol'biafil wood found here. The Por-
I tuguel have not penetrated far into
tbi; count. y ; but the coalt they have
divided into ihe provinces of Para,

Miirann.in, Sta-iit, Rio Grande, Paraib.i,

Tamarica, Fcinambuco, Sergippy, All
|8»int8 Bay, llhros, Porto Seguro,

piiilu Santo, Rio Janeiro, St Paul,
hnd Rey. The climate of Hrafil U
[teopcrute and inTldi when compared

PR A
WhI) AftUa I owuiff chiefly tn lh« rt*
frvfhittx wind, whieh blows cotilinuallf
from ih« fr.i. I'hr rl«eri annually
oTerfliiw their btiiiks, and the foil. In
miny places, i« very rich. Mtrn* liigar
i» brought from thii country ih in Irom
all other parti of ihe world. It pro-
tlucei tob4«ro. mai/c, fcveral loita
nf fniit, anij rm-dii in.d drug*. lU-(lde
the V4lu.dilt- bralil uood there arc fpa*
cious wootls of citron, rbony. mallie,
cuttnti* and live lp<^:i^ of p.ilm-tre(-i.
The mine* of gold anil diamontis, tlrft
opened in r6Mr, yieM above Ave rnillioni
Acrlinp .innualiy, ol which fnrn a fifth
belongs in thr crown. I'lii* cattlr in*
crcafe lo prodi^ciuudy, that they arr kill*
e»l for their hi«le< oiily, jo,ooo being
lent annually to Kiirope ; and there it
great plenty of deer, hjrei, and other
Kainc. In i«)me of the provincra are
found .1 gre.kt variety of noxious infect
and reptilcN. a^ the liboya, or roebuck
(nake, which ii (aid to grow to the
length of JO feet ; the rittle-liiake ( the
ibibaboka, a ferpent faid to ai feet
long, whol'f bite italmoft iidlant death.
No Country prulucei a greater number
of beautiful biids i in particular the co«
libri, whofr botiv is not much larger
than that of a maybug. and which fingt
M harmonioufly an a nightingale- The
natives, who inhabit the inland parti,
are pt-opio of difTerrnt languages \ but
they all agree in wearing no clothes.
They are of a copper colour, with long,
coarli', black hair on their heads, but
without any on the other p.uls of their
bodies, like the relt of the Americana.
They are llrong, lively, and gay, and
fubjc«il to few dileafes. They love t<>
adorn themlelves with feathers, and arc
fond of fcafts, at which they dance im-
moilcr.itely. They have no temples,
nor any other fign of religion ; and they
make no manner of (i:ruple to marry
their ncareft relations. They have htitl
made of the branches of trees, and co-
vered with palm leaves. Their furni-
ture conlills chiefly in their hammocks,
and dilhes, or cups, made of calibaOies,
painted without of a red colour, and
black withtn. Their knives are made
of a (brt of (lone and fplit canes \ and
they have balkets of difTcrent lizes,
chiefly made of palm leaves. Their
prms are bows, arrows, and wooden
clubs. When they travel, they fallen
their hammocks between two trees, and
deep all night therein. The capital of
the Portugucfc fcitlcmenti is St. Sebaf-
tian.
Brajlawf a city of Lithuaniai in the

!ii \

>^ .

l:^^

t^

BRA

palatinate of W'lna, on the n fide of
a lake which communicatt's with the
Dwina, 76 m nne Wilna. Lon. 26 48
B, lat. r,^ 46 N.

Brajf, one of the Shetland iflands,
four mili-s long and two hroad. He-
twccn tliis and the ptiiicipal illand> caU-
«d Mainland, is the noted Hralla Sound,
where rooo iai! may at once hnd com-
modious n\ooring. See Lerivick-

Bra/faw, or (JrofijfaJt, a ftrong town
of Tranfylvania, on thp riv»;r Bure/el,
50 m E. by N Hermanlladt. Lon. 25 55
t, lat. 49 J. 5^-

Bra/j Toiurif a town of Tenneflee,
iituatc near the fourcc of the Iliwafle,
about 100 m s Knoxvillc Two m s
of this town is the linchantcd Moun-
tain, much famed for the ciiriofuies
found on its rocks, which confift of
imprcflions refembling the tracks of
turkies, bears, horfes, and human
beinga, as perfi-cfl as they could be made
on fnnw or fimd.

Erutthborougl!, a town of Vermont,
in Windham county, on the river Con-
ne(5licut, 40 m e Bennington, and 90
WNW Boflon.

Bro'va, a U.-aport on the coafl: of Ajun,
v?ith a good harbour, 90 m sw Ma-
gadoxo. Lon. 43 25 e, lat. i ?.o i:.

Bniva, .jUi? of tiie Cape Verd iflands,
la m wsw of Fuego, and inhabited by
the Portuguefe. The land is high and
mountpinons, but fertile ; and horfes,
beeves, aflVs, and hogs, are nnmcrous.
It has three harbours, but ?ono Fi'rreo
on the s fide is the befl. for large Ihips.
Lon. 24 39 w, lat. 14 5a n.

Brauhach, a town of Germany, in
Wclterwald, with acaille, feattd on the
Rhine, 8 m w by s Nairau.

Braimau, a fortified town of Bavaria,
formerly the refidence of the eledtcr.
In I74Z it was taken by the Auftrians ;
and, in i779» ^y ^^e peace of Tefchcn,
the town and its diftrift were ceded lo
Auftria. In i8o.? it was captured by
the French and Bavarians. It is leated
on the river Inn, z'A m sw Paflau. Lon.
i3 o E, lat. 48 14 N.

Brawjfils, a town of Germany, in
Wefterwald, capital of the county of
Solms. Here is a magnificent palace,
the feat of the prince of Solms-Braun-
fels ; and near it is the decayed caftle of
Solmf. It is feated near the Lahn, 10
m w by s Wetzlar. Lon. 8 18 k, lat.
50 30 N.

braunjburgi a town of W PrufTia, in
Ermeland. It has an academy for catho-
lics, eftablifhcd in 1783 ; and is feattd
•n the Palfarge) near its entrance into

BR E

the Frifch Ilaff, 18 m ne Elblng. Lor*
19 53 K, lat. 5^ 30 N. ^

braunpoH^ a village in Northampton-
fliire, 4 m nw Daventry, on the con-
lines of Warwick'liire. Here com-
mences the Grand .luiKtiuti canal to
the ThamcH, which, with the Oxford
and Coventry canals, render it the cen-
trical place of inland navigation to the
four principal fcaports of England.

Brat/, a town uf Ireland, in the county
of Wicklow, on tie river Bray, near
St. Georg'j channel, iz m ssk Dublin.

Brny, a village in Berkfhire, one
m s Maidenhead. It is famous in fong
for its vicar, who was twice a papiit
and twice a proteftant, in four fucctf-
fxve reigns, and when taxed with being
a turncoat, faid, he always kept to his
principle, ' to live and die vicar of
Bray.'

Brnzza, an ifland in the gulf of Ve-
nice, near the coalt of Dalmatia, 30 m
long and lo broad. The foil is (tony,
but it product's much excellent wiiic,
and this article, with fire-wood and
flieep, form the chief trade. It has a
town of the fume name. Lon. 17 35 e,
lat. 43 io N.

Brechin, a borough of Scotland, in
Forfarlhire, anciently t bi'hop's lee and
the county town. The cathedral is
partly ruinous, but one of its aides
ierves for the parilh church. At the
NE corner of the cath.-diil (lands a
fquare tower, 120 feet high, built nt the
fame time with the church ; and at the
Sw corner is a curious antique round
lower, 103 feet high, which tapers from
tlie bottom, and is very flender in pro-
portion to its height. Here are manu-
favlures of canvas, linen, and cotton,
and a confiderablc brewery. The num-
ber of inhabitants was 5466 in i8oi,and
5559 in 18 1 1. It is feated on the S Ellc,
8 m w Montrofe, and ii ene Forfar.

Brecknock, or Brecon, a borough of
Wale?, capital of Brecknockfliire, with
a marltet on Wednelday and Saturday,
and on Friday for cattle. It is an an-
cient place, as appears by the Roman
coins that are otten dug up ; and its
once magnificc;\t caftle id now an infig-
nificant ruin. 1'; containsthree churches,
one of which is, collegiate ; and in that j
part of the town called the Watton isa
fine arfenal. It has a good trade in
clothing. The number of inhabitants)
was 25)6 in 1801, and 3196 in 1811.
To the K of the town is a confiderablcj
lake, well ftored with fifh, whence runij
a rivulet into the Wye ; and to the s ?.rej
lofty mountains called the Brecknocli

Bpacond, the
nominated C;
nioiintiin In
feattd on the
with the Uflc
and 171 why I
lat. 51 54 K.

Brecknockjhi
hounded on th

.^io^mou h/hir

y hy Carnart

""'Ue, and n b

"' '""g ana

467,84a acres;

«lii.<lp, rind 67 f

kei-town.s; and

parliament. Ti

ants w.18 ,r,6,

in 18 r I. ft is"/

of which arc <

there ^re large f«

which yield pie

great numbers <

abounds with co;

cipal rivers arc th

Breda^ a fonii

kant, furrounded

and moraffes.

a noble ftrudlurt

Jn 1625, the Spa

rable fiege of ,0

C'ty; but, in J 637

retook it. Jn /j

the French, after

cays, but was rcta

feated on the riv*

Antwerp, and .--o ;

tirrdon, a vil/.i!'
""■■^•'^E -Afhby de
at the bafe of a VAi
tlflunimit of wh
and commands ver

Breiljledt, a town

duchy of Sidwick,
W/ //,//, an

JeorCharJcrion.

'^brated for the ftar

"cans .igninft the 1

commencement of

, iioiher country. '

"led the battle of

fphdlnearit^ha
of June, ,775.

\ri'T"*?* a towi

Vl"^^ at the mout

J«^, on the E end

^^"ce.emsELind.

% .Hands, 30 m .
l76 47w,lat.5o

ijyAi

liiiirfKi

. Lou-

iimpton-
hc con-
re com-
canal to
; Oxford
the cen-
on t») the
;land.
Ke county
ray, neai
Dublin,
hire, one
U9 in fonc;
» a papiil
,ur lucCL'f-
with being
4cpt to hi»
e vicar of

gulf of Ve-
natia, 30 m
i\\ is ftony,
;llent wine,
-wood and
.. It has a
on. 17 35 ^»

Scotland, in
lop's iteand
cathedral is
of it 3 aiflcs
[•ch. At the
\i.\\ ftnnds a
..built ^t the
i; and at the
itique round
h tapers frotn
snder in pro-
;rc are manu-
and cotton,
,. Thenum-
6 in 1 801, and
on the S Eflc»
EN E Forfar.
a borough of
icklhire, witli
md Saturday,
It is an an-
,y the Homan
up •, and its
now an infig-
irtt; churches,
.e; and in that
bie Watton is a
hood trade m
[of inhabitants

I3196 in i«"f-
la confiderablc
V whence run*
knd to the s ?.rei
the Brecknoc

TJIIE

Beaconf, the principal of which, de*
riomwiatwl C'ader Artliur, is th(^ liijjhtll
niount lin in S Wales. Hrc'tknock is
ft'.ittd ttn the Ilondey, at its conflux
with tht* Uflc, .!|4 nn nw Monmouth,
and 171 w by N London. Lon. 3 2iw,
lat. 51 54 ^■

Urecknockjhirct a county of Wales,
bounded on the k bv Ilcrtforddiin; and
Monmou hfliire, s by Glamor^;anlhire,
w by Camarthenlhire and Ciirdi^an-
fl-,iio, and N by Radnorfliirc- It is .58
ni long auQ i?, bncnl, contuininy
467,840 acres; is divided into fix huu-
dn.<ls, ;ind 67 parifhis; has four mar-
ket-towns; and fcnda two members to
parliament. The number «)f inli'bit-
ants VV.-18 .?r,6.;.? in 1801, and 37,7.^5
in 18 r I. It is full of mountains, fome
of which arc exceedingly high ; but
there are large fertile plains and v.illies,
which yield plenty of corn, and teed
great numbers of cattle. 'I'he s part
abounds with coal and iron. The prin-
cipal rivers are the Wye and Ulli-

Buda, a fortilicd city of Dutch Bra-
bant, furrounded on all fides by water
and moralFcs. The great church is
a noble ftruflure, with a lofty fpire.
In 1625, the Spaniards, after a memo-
rable fiege of 10 months, reduced this
city ; but, in 1637, ^^^^- prince of Orange
retook it. In 1793, it furrcndcrcd to
the French, aflcr a liege of oidy three
days, but was retaken foon after. It is
feated on the river Merk, 35 m nne
Antwerp, and .'io s Amfterdam. Lon.
+ 50 E,lat. 51 37 N.

Brrdoih a village in Leiccflcrniire, 5
mNNii .\(hby de l;i Zouch ; lc;itt:d at
at the bafe of a high limcftone rock, on
thelummit of which the chr.rch ftands
and commands very cxtenfr e views.

Breiljledt, a town of D".mark, in the
duchy of Sl^lwick, 2; m 'vnw Sh^fwick.
Breeds Uilt, an eminence on the N
fide of Charlefton, in MaiFachufcts, ce-
lebrated for the ftand made by the Ame-
ricans againft the BritHh troops, at the
commencement of hnftilities with the
mother country. This adtion, ufually
called the battle of Bunkers Hill (an-
other hill near it) happened on the 17th
of June, 1775.

Bregentz, a town of Germany, in
Tyro], with a calile on an eminence;
feated at the mouth of a river of its
wrae, on the e end of the lake of Con-
fence, 6 m SE Lindau.

Brehar, the moll mountainous of the
Scilly illands, 30 m w of the Lands-end.
Ion. 6 47 w, lat. 50 3 N.
Bre/ma, a town of the ducby of Sax-

B RE

Bnma, % town of Italy, in Milancfr,
near the conflux of the Heflia with the
1*0, on the frontiers of Montferrat, ay
m w Pavia.

Bremen, a duchy of Germany, in the
circle of Lower S,ixony, iyiiij,' bct'veen
the Wefer and the Elbe ; tt,c fi.rnK-r of
which feparatcs it from Odei berg, and
the other from Hulfttin 'Ihr country
is fe. tile and pi.puioiib, but in winter is
fubjcdt to iininda ions. It formerly be-
longed to the .*^v.ede;>, but was fold to
the cle(flor oi Ilanuvci in 1719. Stadc
is the feat tifregtney.

Brcmi-n, a city i)f Lower Saxony,
capital ot the ducliy of the fame name.
The Wtfer divitlis it into the old and
new town, both of which are fortified :
lite former is the largelt, and in it (lands
the Crithedial. It has a harbour, 9
m below the town, and carries on an
cxteiilive trade. In 175? it was taken
by the French, wiv.' w. re driven out in
1758 by tl-.e Ilanovirians. In i8io it
became fubjeii^ to France. It is 32 m
E Oldenburg, and 6a wnw Zell. Lou.
8 40 E, lat. 5.5 5 N.

hrcm''fiv'3rd, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Bremen, defended by a
caft'.e. The chancery of the duchy is
kept here. It ftands near the Ofte, 32
m N by E Bremen.

Bremj^artcn, a town of Swiflerland, in
the free lower bailiwics, between the
cantons of Zurich and Bern. The in-
habitants deal chiefly in paper. It is
feated on the Reufs, 10 m w Zurich.

Breiifj, a town of Italy, in Brefciano,
feated on the Oglio, 36 m n Brcfcia.

Brent at a river which rifes in the prin-
cipality of Trent, pafTes by Baflano and
Pndua, and enters the gulf of Venice, a
little s of Venice.

Brentford, a town in Middlefex, with
A market on Tuefday. It is feated on
the Thames, into which, at the w end
of the town, enters the rivulet Brent and
the Grand Jundion canal. Here the free-
holders of Middlefex eledl the knights
of the fliire. It is a long town, divided
into old and new Brentford, which laft
contains the church and marketplace.
It is 7 m w London.

Brentzuood, a town in Eflex, with a
market on Thurfday, feated on an emi-
nence, II m wsw Chelmsford, and iS
m ENE London.

Brefcia, a city of Italy, capital of
Brefci no, and a bifhop's fee. It is well
forti.ied, and has a good citadel, which
ftands on a rock. The cathedral and
the palace are adorned with beautiful
paintings, and in the former is ftiown
the ftandard of Conftantine. Here are

mi!

T'V

i , 1

! I*

¥ S

■.' '

fifi m

V"

URK

ffveral nourirtiing mamifa "tircSt and its
firt'-arnu arc particular])' celebrated.
This city was taken by the French in
1796, retaken by the Auftrians in i;9i;,
and again pofTcflred by the French in
1800. Jt is feated on the CJarza, 41 m
Nw Mantua. Lon. 10 5 e, Iat.4f 31 n.

Brcfc'mno, a province of Italy, bound-
ed on the s by Mantua and Cromn-
iiefe, wby Bergamafco, n by the country
of the Grifbns, and e by the principality
of Trent, Veronefe, and Mantuan. It
is watered by feveral fmall rivers, and
fertile in wine, oil, and maize, with ex-
cellent pafturai,es, and fome mines of
copper and iron. Brefcia is the capital.

BrefellotZ town of Italy, in Modencfc,
on the river Po, «; m nw Modena.

Brf/lati, a beautiful city, capital of
Silefia, and a bifhop's fee. It is feated
at the conflux of the Ola with the Oder,
the firft of which runs through feveral of
the ftrtfets, and forms two idands. It
is furrounded by walls, ftrengthcned by
ramparts and other works; has a great
trade in linen, leather, Hungarian wines,
&c. and contains 60,000 inhabitants.
The public fquares are fpacious, the
ftreets tolerably wide, and tho houfcs
lofty. The royal palace was obtained
by the jefuits, where tliey founded a
univerfity in 170a. The two principal
churches belong to the p'rotcftants ; near
one of which is a college. This city
became fubjedt to the king of Pruflla in
1 74 1. It was taken by the Auftrians
in 1757, but regained the fame year. It
was for fome time befieged by the
French, and furrendered to them in
1787. It is 112 m NE Prague, and 165
N Vienna. Lon. 17 f e, lat. 51 3 n-

Brejlet a river of France, which di-
vides the department of Lower Seine
from that of Somme, and enters the
Englifli channel at Treport.

Breje, a late province of France,
bounded on the n by Burgundy and
Franche Comte, e by Savoy, s by Vien-
nois, and w by Lyonois. It now forms
the department of Ain.

Brejuire, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Two Sevres, with a college,
35 m Nw Poitiers.

Breftt a feaport of France, in the de-
partment of Finifterre, with a cattle on
a craggy rock by -the feafide. The har-
bour, one of the beft in the kingdom,
has a narrow and difficult entrance, and
both fides well fortified. The ftreets arc
narrow, crooked, and fteep. The quav
is above a mile in length. The arfenal
was built by Lewis xiv, whofe fucccflbr
eftablifhed a marine academy; and it
hai every accommodation for the navy.

BRI

The Englifli attempted in vain to tal?e
this place in 1694. It is 30 m he Mor-
laix, and 325 n Paris. Lon. 4 29 w,
lat- 4H 23 N.

Hretai^ne, or Britani/, a late province
of Fraticp, 150 m long and 112 broad.
It is a pcninl'ula, united on the v. to
Maine, An}ou, and Poitou. The air is
temperate, and it has large forrfls. ft
now forms the departments of Finifterre,
Cotes du Nord, llle and Vilaine, Lower
Loire, and Morbihan.

Breteuilt a town of France, in the de.
partment of Oife, 14 m nne Beauvis,
and 18 s Amiens.

Brettuil, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Kure, feated on the Iton,
15 m sw Evreux.

Brfton, Cape, an ifland of N America,
feparated from Nova Scotia by the gut
of Canfo. It is no m in length, and
from ao to 80 in breadth, but is pene*
trated by large inlets of the fea. The
country is mountainouj, fubje<5t to fogs
throughout the year, and covered with
fnow in the winter. In 1745 it was
taken from the French by the Englifli ;
reftored in 1758, and afterward re.
taken; and by the peace of 1763, it
was ceded to Great Britain. 1 here is
an excellent cod filhery on the coaft.
The capital is Louiiburg.

Bretten, a town of Germany, in the
late palatinate of the Rhine, to m s
Heidelberg.

Brevordi a ftrong town of Holland, In
the county of Zutphen, with a caftle,
fituate in a morafs, 24 m se Zutphen.

Brewers, a town of the diftrift of
Maine, in Wafliington county; feated
at the mouth of the Scoodick, in Pafla*
maquoddy bay, 25 m nne Machias,
Lon. 67 35 w, lat. 44 58 n.

Bre<wingtony For/, in the ftate of New
York, at the w end of Lake Oneida, 24
m SE Fort Ofwego, and 45 w Fort
Stanwix.

Br-wooJ, a town in StafFordfliire,
with a market on Tucfday, 10 m s byB!'''^*? as fome catlie
w Stafford, aod 129 nw London, ■'wfchool, an hofi

Brey, a town of Ih* Netherlands, in B'"e latter eretJted
the territory of Liege, on the river Ncer,BP{opagating the go
14 m N Maeftricht. ■f'" of colonel C

Briangon, a town of France, in the«''<'ived it with zc
departmentof Upper Alps, with a caftleB'"";" had fcarcely
on a craggy rock, and other fortifica'a''"ties already ment
tions. In its neighbourhood manna isgaM'"™ from its founds
thered from a fort of pine tree. It hai" '/So, in which mal
a handfome church, and a noble bridg
over the Durance, 20 m n Embrun
Lon. 6 32 E, lat. 44 52 n.

Briangonnet, a forti efs of Savoy, nea;
the town of Mouftierg, fltuat, on
lock inacceilible every way, except b

flic fide of J
by two or

CDrniTron p,
hy thh („,-,r
Brinn', ,1
vernrnti'it of
which 111 re I
h ^• Old, .11
^>i(tre, a tf
P lit men t of r.
■Ti'i h.is a ran
I'lL* Loinp, I,,;,
F«i; Orlcois.
, ^'vVa St. a

f'i'»!:c/hirc,>m
f'." file s fiJc o
gives n;iine, ar
ti-.tcl'" in liprriiig

nif»|-«'in/lii|-,.-, w

fi'iy. ''iri'l ,1 wool

m to the N Is C(

on the Ogwoie,

a" J i«i w /.ond

p>'id^e>iO)tliy a

"■'th a market or

C'lirchcs, and a

■"""I maintains i«

I' V of Oxford. It

"'."» vv;ills, and

ruiDs. Here are i

['"'■kings, and iro,

f«.'i by land and

f '« feated on t|

bHioufbury, and j]

'i?.^''^'-5=36
.^M'^eto^un, the,
0 Bir bados, fitual

ofC;nlii]ebay,u-h

cont.iin 500 fiiipsj

'?"!. and apt to c|

f't)' was burnt do J

icTcdalfo greatly bl

'"'J '767. Befoietf

ijcohoufes; and,

f.'"t. The ftreets

%h, the wharfs ail

and the forts ftront

P'^ed. Jt ,s nc
9/0 w, lat. 13 5
Uridgetora^n, a'to^
r of Cumberlar
t J °" Cohanz^
^''adelphia. Lon.

««« A

.juX.

j^^m

In to ta^e
n HE Mor-
ij. 4 2(; w,

N America,

a by the gut

length, and

but 18 pene-

le fea. The

jbjedt to fog}

covered with

,745 it was

the Englilh ;

afterward rt-

C of I763> "
am. 1 here is
on the coaft.

of Holland, in
with a caftle,
n SE Zutphcn.
^hc diftrift of
pounty; feated!
dick, in Paffa-

NNE Machias.

hcftateofNcw]
,ake Oneida, :4
nd 45 "•" ^°^\

n Staffordniire,
'day, lomsbyl
/ London.
Netherlands, ml
nthr river Neer.r

f France, in the
ln8,withacaftk

i other fortificaJ
lood manna is ga-
)inetree. It has
id a noble bridgi
3 tn N Embrunj

fg of Savoy, nea]
rg, fttuat. on
. way, except d]

BUI

the fide of a river, where it ii afccndod
by two or time hiiniln-d flcps. Tlie
coinaion pin*i:Te from Savoy to Italy is
by tlii:; tortr;"^^

Brian I;, a tuvn of RufTii. In the ro-
verrinuiit oF Or.l, f.-.itcd on tho Dcfii.i,
which hi'c iK'Cfxni's riavigahle, ,o m w
by N Onl, and no sR Smolcii(k.

Biiare, a town ot' France, in t!ie dc-
putment ot Loirot, fcated on the Loin*,
aiii] his a r.inal lntwcen that river and
tht! Loinp, wvAV Montarpis. It is 40 in
f.-SK Orl»;ins.

BriJ- St- a vili.ige f)t' Wales, in Pcm-
hr()!-.clhiri.','7 m wNw Milford. It flands
on the s lide «)f a Piik; h.iy, to wliich it
gives name, and had i^)rmeily a great
tiMcI'' in herrings.

i>r'ulfrend, a town of Wales, in Gla-
mor}^;! nlhir(;, witii a market on Satur-
diy, and ,1 wo'tlicn mannfadl'.ire. Two
m to the N Is Coity cattle. It is feated
on the Ogwoie, 7 m wnw Cowbridge,
aiiJ liJi w London.

r^ridi^enorffi, a borough in Siiropfhire,
with a market on Saturday. It lias two
churches, and a frcefcKool that fends
■iiui maintains iS fcholars at the univer-
liy of Oxford. It was formerly fortified
wiih walls, and had a caftle, now in
ruins. Here are manufadures of cloth,
(lockings, and iron tools ; and the trade
hoth by land and water is confiderable.
It is featod on the Severn, 33 m se
Shrewlbury, and J39 nw London. Lon.
::8 w, lat. 52 36 n. »

Ciul^etowti, the capital of the ifland
of B irbados, fituate in the inmoft part
of Carlille bay, which is large enough to
contain 500 iliips, but the bottom is
fniil, and apt to cut the c.tbles. This
city was burnt down in 1688; and fuf-
f(.rcd alfo greatly by fires in 1756, 1766,
and 1767. Before tliefe fires it contained
ijco houfes ; and it has fince been re-
built. The ftreets are broad, the houfes
[high, the wharfs and quays convenient,
I and the forts ftrong. The church is as
lirge as fome cathedrals. Here alfo is a
Ifreefchool, an hofpital, and a college;
the latter ereded by the fociety for
propagating the gofpel, purfuant to the
Iwiil of colonel Codrington, who en-
Idowed it with acool. a year. The
ItOKn had fcarcely rifen from the cala-
Inities already mentioned, when it was
lorn from its foundations by a hurricane
|i 1780, in which many of the inhabitants
perifhed. It is now reftored. Lon.
f95ow, lat. 13 ,5 N.
Mdgetorjutiy a town of JNew Jerfey,
iMef of Cumberland county. It is
ftuate on Cohanzy creek, 36 m sse

BR I

BriJjrfloiwtt a town of Maryland, in
Queen Ai\n county, on the w fide 6f
'J uckahoc cre<?k, « m E Centreville, and
65 ssw I'hiladelphia.

Bridt^eivatfr, a town of Maffiichufi'ts,
in Plymouth county. In and near it
large quantities of hardware, nails, 8cc.
are nianufaAurcd- It is 5 m nne Rayn«
ham, and 30 s by e Bolton.

BrUj^eiuater, a borough in Somerftt-
(hii'o, governed by a mayor, witk a
market on Thurfday and Saturday. It
is feated on the Parret, over which ii
a flone bridge, and near it vcllijlsof too
tons burden may jide. It has a large
church, and carries on a confiderable
coafting trade. The fummer alhzts are
held here and at Welis alternately. In
the w^rs between ("harles i and the par-
liament, the forces of the latter reduced
great part of the town to allies ; and the
caftle was then fo far demolifhed, thai
few veftiges of it are now obfervable.
It is 8 m s of the Briftol channel, 3 1 ssw
Briftol, and i.j8 w by s London. Lon.
J o w, lat 51 8 N

Bridlinfrton, or Burlington^ a fea port
in E Yorkfhire, with a market on Satur-
day. The harbour is commodious, and
defended by two ftrong piers. Its mi-
neral waters, and accommodations for
I'ea-bathifig, draw much company in
fummer ; and its trade is confiderable.
It is feated on a creek near Flamborough-
head, 40 m ene York, and 206 n Lon-
don. Lon. o 10 w, lat. 54 8 n.

Bridport, a borough in Dorfetlhire,
with a market on Saturday. It is feat-
ed between the rivers Brit and Bride,
and has a harbour that will contain
about 40 fmall veflels. The market ii
remarkable for hemp ; and here are large
manufactures of canvafs, fmall cordage,
and nets. It is 1 2 m w Dorchefter, and
1,35 w by s London.

Brieg, a fortified town of Silcfia, ca-
pital of a principality of the fame name,
with a Lutheran cathedral, and feveral
other churches for protcftanta and ca-
tholics. Mere is a manufa<Slure of cloth.
It was taken by the Pruflians in i74r»
and its ancient caftle burned dcvn dur-
ing the fiege. It is feated on the Oder,
25 m SE Breflau. Lon. 17 37 e, lat.

50 49 N.

Briel, or Brill, a fortified feaport of S
Holland, capital of the ifland of Voorn.
The Dutch took itfiom the Spaniards
in 1572, which was the foimdation of
their republic. It is feattfd at the mouth
of the M.iefe, 20 m wsw Rotterdam.
Lon. 4 I E, lat. 51 48 N.

town of Ireland, '

Briens'bridse, a town ot Ireland, m
iladelphia. Lon. '75 5 w, lat. 39 32 k. the county of Clare, with an excellent

H

>'!i

HK\.

m:

m

m ^

l''i :t>

m :

hi; ■

I .fi ■■' '^'■S

BUI

fulphurcoui rpring ; fcated on the Shan'
non, lo m MNE Limerick.

Br'uPtK, a towi. of SwifTerland, in ih(;
canton of Hern, f.imoui for the chccfe
made in its neighbourhood. It is feated
on a hike of the fame name (9 m long
4nd 3 broad) 42 m he Bern.

BrUtztH \ ff-e M^ritzen.

BrietiCt St. .1 town of France, t4-
pital of the department of Cotes du
Nord, and a bifliop'j fct*, with a fmall
harbour. It it fcatcd among hills, near
the Englifli channel, 50 m nw Rcnnes.
Lon. s 43 w, lat. 4U 31 n.

Briejft ^ town of France, in the de-
partment of Mofelle, near the river
Mr.nfe, urn nw Mctx.

Brig ; fee Glmnfordkridge-

Brighthtlmjlon, or Br/g/itortt a town
on the coaft of Suflex, with a market on
Thurfday. It h.is no harbour, and only
imall veflTels can approach the fliorc. It
was formerly inhabited chiefly by fifher-
men ; but having become a place of re-
fort for fca-bathing, it has been greatly
enlarged by many handfome houfes,
with public rooms, hot and cold baths,
a theatre, &c. The prince of Wales
has here an elegant pavilion and fuperb
(tables ; and adjoining is a chapel royal.
The church ftands on a hill above the
town ; and to the w of it is a chalybeate
fpring much frequented. There arealfo a
chapel, feveral meeting*houfcs, a Romifli
chapel, and a fynagogue. The number
of inhabitants was 7339 in 1801, and
n,OM in 181 1. Here Charles 11 em-
barked for France in 1651, after the
battle of Worcefter. It is 8 m sw
Lewei:, and 56 s London. Lon. o 6 w,
lat. 50 50 N.

BrignoUs, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Var, famous for its prunes ;
feated among the mountains, in j. plea-
fant country, 30 m nne Toulon.

Brihuega, a town of Spain, in New
Caftile, with a manufa(5ture of cloth,
and a trade in wool. Here general Stan-
hope and an Englifli army were taken
prifonerS) in i;i*. It is feated on the
Tajuna, 43 m ne Madrid.

BriioHf a town of the duchy pf Weft-
phalia, on the river Mone, 37 m f. by s
Arenfbcrg.

Brind^, a city of Naples, in Otranto,
and an archbifliop's fee, with a fortrefs-
The trade is trifling, and the air un-
healthy ; but both are improving by
cleaniing the harbour and draining tlie
marfhy places. It is feated on the gulf
of VenicC} 32 m x Tarento. Lon. 18 15
E, lat. 40 45 N.

Brinn ; fee Bruan.

lirioiu'.e, a town of France, in the de«

« HI

partmcnt of Upper Loire. Near it is ^
fmall town called Church UriDuiIe, ok
account of a fiunou'i chapter. Biiundc
ftands on the Allier, ovit which is 4
l)ridgc of one arch, i7;<feet in diameter.
It it ix m NW Puy, and 34 s by e Cler-
mont.

Bri/ac/i, O/d, a town of SuMbia, once
the capital of Urifgau. In 1741 the for-
tific!itioii3 were demoliflitd, ;iiid ttie
artillery removed to Fril>iirg. It ftand;;
on the E fide of the Rhine, 8 m w by s
Friburg.

Brij'ach, Neiv, a fortified town of
France, in the department of Upper
Rhine, feated about a mile w of the
Aniline, oppofite Old Biif.ich, and 8 m a
Col mar.

Brifago, a town of Italy, in Milanefc^
on the lake M.igiore, 5ms Locarno.

Bri/gau, a territory of Suabia, on tlie
E fide ot" the Rhine, which feparates it
from France. The chief part hcloDged
to the houfe of Auftria ; but by the
treaty of Prefburg, in 1805, it wai
ceded to the eledtor of Baden, who was
formerly poflreflTed of a few places. The
chief town is Friburg.

Brijlino, a town of Naples, in Capi-
tanata, 11 m ssw Manfredonia.

Brijac, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mayenne and Loire, feated
on the Aubence, 13 ms Angers.

Br'ijhl, a city and feaport in Glou-
cefterfliire, with a market on Wcdnef-
day and Saturday. For wealth, trade,
and population, it has long been reck-
oned thefecondin the kingdom; though
Liverpool now claims the preeminence
as a feaport alone. It is feated on the
Avon, at the influx of the Frome, 10 m
from the entrance of the Avon into the
Briftol channel. The tide rifing to a
great he'ght in thefe narrow rivers,
brings velTels of confideraWe burden
to the quay, which extends above a
mile along the inner fliores of the Frome
and Avon ; but at low water they lie
aground in the mud. .Here is a dock
which will contain ten large (hips, with
a fmaller one above the influx of the
Frome. At the mouth of the Avon
are feveral dockyards, and a very ex-
tenfive floating dock. The city has i2
churches, befide the cathedral, a guild-
hall, a cuftomhoufe, and an exchange.
The number of inhabitants was 6:5,6451
in 1801, and 76,433 in i8u. Biilloliij
a county of itfelf, governed by a mayor,]
and has the aflizes held here in th<
fpring. Here are no lefs than 15 glafs-
houfes ; and the fugar-refinery is one o(
its principal manufa(5tures. The Hol|
Well, about a mile below the city, 01

thi' lidc of the .
■iiid has ol)tain(
coiifutnptivccaf
ahove this well,
cryftals, lo well
of Mriflol ftdfies.
iiiKSonthetopo
of Clifton, and ii
pentry, on aecoi
its air. The ci
inoliHied long a/
iiiif gate now fta
(ledges inllcad (
vaults and comm(
iurcd by them.
I),ith, ,^4 ssw Gi
London. Lon. »
Brjjlol, a feapc
chief town of a
n^inc. It has a <
li,irbour; and is
noted for garden-fl
iiriltol bay, j^ m
isK Providence.
41 40 M,

Brijhlf a town
Bucks county, fi-al
:im .ssE Newtow
iJi'Ipliia.

Srijiol Bay, a ,'.
coaft of America, t
1779' Jt opens bel
liam on the w, ar
Alalkaon the s; an
name enters at the
ii7 50 w, lat. 58 2^
Britain, or Crea
coiifiderableof all t
txiending 550 m
^90 from E to w.
France, from whicii
the Englifli channel,
was .Albion, whic'
gave way to that of'
VIS known to Juliusj
ral diviflon of the
H England, and
Britain, New, a
fica, comprehending
•anada, commonly
mau.K country, inchi
Jfew N and S Wal
Creat Britain ; and
70 » lat. and ?o and
pre innumerable la
which are covered 1
pat part of the yt
ptieraents belong t.
Jn Bay Comparfy.
Wudfon Bay. and L
\ Britain, Neiu, an i
'focean, tothc e o
ored by Dampier.

FftraUwJiichfepi

-% 4

ar it 18 ^
)mle, on
BiiouJtJ
lich i3 4
liumi'ter.
y fc CUt-

Loire, fcattd
igcrs.

ort in Glou-
i on Wedncf-
vealth, trade,
I1R been reclc-
(lorn; though
preeminence
{eated on the
Frome, lom
[>.von into the
ic rifing lo a
larrow rivers,
eraWe burden
ends above a
s of the Fromc
water they lie
lere is a dock
rge fbips, v\'ith
t influx of the
of the Avon
ind a very ex-
rhe city has lo
ledral, a guild-
d an exchange.
nts was 6^,645
«ii. Briftolii
,ed by a mayor
Id here in th(
fsthan i5g'!»"
efinery is one 0
ires. The IW
ow the cityi

TJ RI

thi^ lide of the Avui., is of gic.it pin it y,
.iiui has ol)taiiicil a hiis'ii rr[)iil,iti(in in
coiirumptivccalcs. In St, Vincent Roclc,
jliove this well, aic t'oiitul thole native
cryllals, I'o well known under the name
of Hriftol (tones. The numerons huild-
iiijjs on the top of this rock, has the iiamir
of t'lifton, and Is the chirf rci'ort of th«;
(reiitry, on account of the lalnhrity of
its air. The city walls have l)efii de-
inolilhed long ago ; and there is only
,iiic gate now (landing. Here arc uiL'd
Hedges inftead of carts, becauCe the
vaults and common (ewers would be in-
jured by them. Briftol is 13 m wnw
liath, 34 ssw Glouceftcr, and 114 w
London. Lon. » 36 w, lat. 51 27 n.

Brijlol, a feaport of Rhode Ifland,
chief town of a county of the fame
name. It has a commodious and fafe
harbour; and is feated in a rich (oil,
niited for a.arden-ftuff, on tiie r fide of
llrillol bay, 13 m n Newport, and 24
isK Providence. Lon. 71 14 w, hit.

41 40 f^-

EriJhL a town of Pennfylvania, in
Bucks county, feated on the Delaware,
21m ssE Newtown, and ao ne Phila-
tli'lphia.

Srijiol Bay, a I-rge bay on the nw
coaft of America, explored by Cook in
1779. It opens between Cape Newcn-
hm on the n, and the peninfula of
Alalka on the s; and a river of the lame
name enters at the e extremity, in lon.
157 50 w, lat. 58 20 V.

Britain^ or Great Britain^ the mod
confiderable of all the European illands,
txtending 550 m from n to s, and
190 from K to w. It lies to the n of
France, from which it is feparated by
the Englifli channel. Its ancient name
was .Albion, whic' , in procefs of time,
gave way to that of Britain, by which it
was known to Julius Caefar. The gene-
ral divifion of the ifland is into Scot-
land, England, and Wales.

Britain, New, a country of N Ame-
rica, comprehending all the tra(5t n of
Canada, commonly called the Elqui-
maux country, including Labrador, and
jNew N and S Wales. It is fubjed to
Great Britain ; and lies between 50 and
70 N lat. and ^o and 100 w lon. There
ire innumerable lakes and morafTes,
which are covered with ice and fnow a
great part of the year. The principal
fettieraents belong to the Engliih Hud-
fon Bay Company. See Ejquimaux,
^udfon Bay. and Labrador.

Britain, Neiv, an ifland in the S Paci-
ic ocean, to the e of New Guinea, ex-
ilored by Dampier, who failed through
I'lie ftrait which feparate? it Irom New

IJ R O

fiiiinca ; and captain Carteret, in 1767,
f.iilcii tlir()ii>,'li a ciianiicl, which divides
it on the nk fK)ni a long illand, called
Ntw Ireland. New Britain lies in lon.
I.-, z 20 K, and lat. 4 o s. The (liorcH of
buth illands are rocky, the inland parts
high and mount.iinous, but covered
with triea of variois kinds, among
which an: the niiimei;, the cocoa-nut,
and different ki'id^ of p:ilm. The in-
haliitants arc black, and woolly-headed,
like Negros, but have not their flat nofes
and thick lips.

llrituiiij ; fee Errtaf^rte.

Erive, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Coneze, witli niannfac-
tnres of filk handkerchiefs, niiillins,
gauze?, cS.c. It li (eated on the Cor-
reze, oppolite the influx of the Vc/ere,
in a delightful valley, r? m sw Tulle.

Brixen, a principality of Germany,
lately a bifliopric, in the k part of
I'yrol. It is extremely mountainousi
but produces excellent wine.

Brixnu, a t«)wn of Germany, capital
of the principaiity of Brixeii. Bclide
the cathedr.ii, there are one parochial
and iix other churches. It was taken
by the French in 1796, and again in
\U)7. It is feted on theEyfach, at the
influx of the Kieiitz, ^8 m s by t. In-
fpruc. Lou. 1 1 48 K, iat. 4?) 41 n.

Brlxham, a (mull feaport mi Devon-
fliire, on tlie w fide of Torhay, cele-
brated for its fiihery A quay ha.s been
built for the purpole of fiipptying (hips
with water. The prince ol Orange, af-
terward William III, laniled here in
1688. It i? 4 m NE i^irtmuuth, and
201 w by s London.

Brizen, dr Britzen, a town of Bran-
denburg, in the Middle mark, on the
Adah, lb m NK Wittenberg.

Broadjiuirs, a village in Kent, on the
feafhore, 3 m n Ramfgate. It has a
('mail pier, with a harbour for light
vcfTels ; and is a fafliionable refort (or
fea-bathing, more letiied ihan Ramf-
gate.

Brod, or Brodt, a ftrong town of !ScIa-
vonia, on the riv. rSivc, whetcihe Auf-
triauf- gained e vidory civer the Turks
in i6.<8. It s 3 mswEffck. Lon. i»
.yo K, !at. 45 lo N.

Brod, a town of Moravia, on the
frot. tiers of Hungary, 10 m BbE
Hndileh.

Bred. Bohmijch; fee Dohmifch-

B'>od, i'eutjch, a town of Bohemia,
on the river Sazavva, som .s by e Czaz-
lau.

Brodera, a town and fortrefs of Hin-
doortan. in Guzerat, celebrated tor its
linens^ mdigo, and lace. It it ^s, m
Hi,

f!^r'^'

t,it\:fk

r*

I?,

■'I ':,■;■

t:UMi (mm

■• ii

^t

RRO

1SR Amcdabad. Luii- 73 tit, Lit- a4
13 N.

Croilziac, « town of Litluuiiii.i| on tho
river Urrtzina, 100 m s Polotlk. Loti.
a8 5 t, lat. 54 8 N.

liroei. n town of Wcflphalia, in the
diichy of B< rg, capital of a county of
\U n.imp. It is featcd on the Rocr, 11
in N DufTddorp.

Broeit a village of N Hi)lland, 6 m
from Amfterdam. It is one of the niort
fingnlar and pitftnicfque plac«*s in the
world. The ilrects arc pav<!d in mofaic
work with variegated bricks ; and no
carriages ever enter them. The hoiifcs
are painted on the outfidc, and each lins
a terrace and gardt to the ftrect, cn-
clofed by a low railing ; the garden
adorned with china vafes and (hell-work,
with borders compofed of minute parti-
cles of glafs, of different colours. Be*
hind the houfes are meadows, full of
cattle, in which the inhabitantt carry on
a great trade.

Broken Bay, a bay of New S Wales,
iS m N of Port Jackion. It is formed by
the mouth of a great river called the
Hawkc'fbury, and is a good harbour.
Lon. 151 a; E,lat. 3334 s.

Bromlet/t a town in Kent, with a
market on Thurfday. Here is a college,
erefted by bifhop Warner, for clergy-
men's widows ; and near the town is a
palace of the bilhops of Rochefter, where
there is a chalybeate fpring. Bromley
is feated on the Ravenibourn, 10 m s by
E London.

Bromlei/, a town inStaffordfhire, with
a market on Monday. It was formerly
called Abbots-Bromley, and afterward
Paget-Bromley, being given to lord
Paget at the diffolution of the abbies.
It is 7 m E Stafford, and 129 nw Lon-
don.

Brompton, a village in Kent, fituatc
on an eafy afcent from Chatham, and
containing fine barracks for the military
of that garrifon.

Bromfgrovff a corporate town in
Worcellerfhire, with a market on Tuef-
day. Here are manufa^lures of fheet-
ing, nails, and needles ; and a grammar-
fchool founded by Edward vi. It is
feated on the Salwarp, 15 m nne Wor-
cefler, and 116 nw London.

Bromyard, a town in Herefordfliire,
with a market on Tuefday, feated near
the Frome, amid fine orchards, 13 m
NE Hereford, and 115 wnw London.

Bronno, or Broni, a town of Italy, in
Milanefe, where the French defeated the
Auftrians in 1800. It is 10 m se Pavia.

Bronti, a town of Sicily, in Val di Dc-
mona, a8 m w Taormina.

|{ HO

Brenkfifltl, a town of Maflachufi'ti, in

Wore Iter ct»nnty. Here arc iron ore,

iind largo ({uantitiesnf flone which yicUl

coppwras. It is featiil on the Quiboag,

' in w by -. Worccfter.

B root haven t a town of New York,io
Suffolk county, Long ifland, 60 m B
New York.

Brooklyn, a town of New York, hi
King county, at the w end of Long
ifland, near I'laft river, which fcparatci
it from the city of New York.

Brookiyn, a town of Maffachufets, in
Norfolk county, leparated from Uoftun
on the E by a narrow bay. Lavge
quantities of fruits and vegetables are
produced here for the Boltun market.

Broom, Loch, a great fait lake, or arm
of the lea, on the w coaft of Scotland, in
Kofsfhire. It contains feveral good har-
bours, has long been noted for excel-
lent herrings, and is efleened one of the
befl fifliing ftations on the coafl. In the
NK part is Ifle Martin, a fmall ifland that
has a harbour and a cuftomhoufe. Lon.
5 i6w, lat. 5756 K.

Brora, a river of Scotland, in Suther-
landfhire, which iffues from a lake of
the fame name, and forms feveral caf-
cades in its courfe to the town of Brora,
where it enters the fea.

Brora, a town of Scotland, on the
SB coaflof Sutherlandfhire, with a fmall
harbour at the mouth of th« Brora, 14
m NB Dornoch.

Brofeley, a town in Shropfhire, with
a market on Wedncfday. Here are
many coal and iron mines, conliderabte
iron-works, and manufaiJlures of por-
celain and tobacco pipes. It is feated
near the Scrcrn, 6 m nn w Bridgenorth,
and 146 NW London.

Brotherton, a village in W Yorkfhire,
a mile n of Ferrybiidge, where Tho-
mas de Brotherton, fon of Edward i|
was born. It hat a trade in lime.

Brouage, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Charente, with
confiderable falt-works; feated near a
bay of the fea, 17 ms Rochelle.

Brouca, a town of Sicily, in Val di
Demona, on the gulf of Catania, 15 m
s Catania.

Brough, niown in Weftmorland,with
a market on Thurfday. Near it is a cot-
ton fpinningmanufa<aure,a-thefoot of
a mountain. It is 8 m ese Appleby,
and 261 NNW London-

Brow, a village of Scotland, on the
coaft of Sol way frith, 7 m s by E
Dumfries. It h much refort<:d to in
fummer for its chalybeate fpring, and
for fea-bathing.

BrowerJI/avettt fa fcaport of Hollandi

BRTT

an thi« N fide of the iflind of Sclionen,
9 m Svv llclvoctlluys. Lou. _^ 50 r, Lit.

iiroiunj'vitley a town of Pennfylvania,
in F.iyi'tle county. The tradf to Ken-
tucky rcncIiTiiit a llourilhiiig pl.icr ; and
niany boats are built here The vici-
nity »boutids with monuments oflndian
antiquity It is feated on the Monon-
gahel.t, at the infiux of Redftone creek,
30 m ssK Pittfburg. Lon. 79 55 w, lat.
40 I w.

Brfefc ; fee Brzffc

Uruchfaly a town of Germany, In the
circli- of Upper Rhine, and late bifhop-
ric of Spire It has a large faltworic,
and is feated un the river Satz, 5 m se
Philipfburg.

Bru.k, a town of the duchy of Sax-
ony, 2j m N by w Wittenberg.

Uruck^ a town of Auftria, ou the
rlvpt Ivcyta, 20 m kse Vienna.

Bruck, or Broug, a town of Swiflbr-
l,iiid, in Argau, with a college; feated
on the river ,* ar, aa m se Bafcl.

Bruck, or Pruck, a town of Bavaria,
on the river Amner, 13 m w Munich.
—Another, in the Halatiuate, aa m nne
Rari(bon.

Bruck, or Pruck, a town of Germany,
in Stiria, capital of a circle of its namft.
It ftands on the ritcr M uehr, 14 m n n w
Gratz, and 82 sw Vienna- Lon. 1$ 8
E, lat. 47 a; n.

Brtie, a river in Somerfetfliire, which
fifes in Selwood foreft, on the borders
of Wiltfliire, and flows through the
county, by Bruton and Claftonbury,
into Bridgewatcr bay.

Britg, a town of bwifTerland, in Val-
lais, feated on the Rhone, 39 m e Sion.

Bruges, a city of the Netherlands, in
Flanders, capital of the department of
Lis, and lately an epifcopal fee. It was
once a great trading town ; but, in the
1 6th century, the civil wars drove the
trade firfi: to Antwerp, and then to
Amfterdani. The inhabitants are efti-
mated at ao.ooo, but it is not populous
in proportion to its eMtent. lis Titua-
tion ftill commands fome trade, for it
has canals to Ghent, Oftend, Siuys,
Nieuport, Furnes, Yprea, and Dunkirk.
Bruges has been often taken; the laft
time by the French, in 1794. It is 14
mEOftend. Lon. 3 10 e, lat. 51 la n.

Brugge, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the principality of Hildefheim, on the
river Leyne, la m sw Hildefheim.

Bruggen, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the duchy of Juliers ; feated on the
Scbwalm, 6 m Ns Rurcmonde.

li R IT

Brugiifto, n ti)wn of the territory of
Geno.i, at the foot of the Apennines,
35 m E8K Gtiioa.

Brumau, a town of Moravia, in the
circle of Uradifch, on the frontier! of
IIun;;ary, 26 m E Hradi!<:h.

Brufin, or Brlnii, a town of Moravia,
capital of a circle of the fame name,
and a hilhop's fee. It is defended by a
ftrong fortrefs, called Spilberg, built on
an eminence; and has manutu(5tures of
cloth, velvet, and plufii.. The Prulfiana
befteged it in 174a; but were obliged to
raife the fiege. It Is feat'-d at the cou-
flux of the Zwittau and Schwartz, 33m
sw Oimutz. Lon- 16 38 c, lat. 49

13 K.

Brutinen, a town of SwiflTcrland, in
the canton of Schweitz. Here the can-
tona of Uri, Schweitz, and UndcrwaU
den formed the alliance which was the
foundation of the republic of Swifler-
land. It is feated on the WaldftKdter
See, a m sw Schweitz.

Brunjluttle, a town of Germany, in
HolAein, near the mouth of the Llbc,
13 m Nw Gluckftadt.

Brunfwick, a duchy of Germany, in
the circle of Lower Saxony, bounded
on the N by Luiieburg, w by Weft-
phalia, s by Hefle, and e by Anhalt,
Halbcrftadt, and Magd»*burg. It con-
tains many mines, fcveral medicinal
fprings, large forefta, and plenty of all
the ncceflaries of life. The principal
rivers aretheWefer, Ockcr, and Leyue.
It is divided into four duchies and two
counties. The duchies of B.unfwick
Proper and Bruiifwick-Woltenbuttle,
with the counties of Rheinllcin and
Blankenburg, were lately fubjeit to the
duke ot Brunfwick- Wolfenbuttlc; while
the eit'(*\or of Hanover was duke of
Brunfwick. Grubenhajj;en and Brunf-
wick-C'altnburg, which alfo included
the diitridl of Goltingen.

Brunjhvici, a fortified city of Lower
Saxony, and the chief town in the
duchy of Brunfwick, with a citadel.
It has ten Lutheran churches, a rich
monaftery of St. Blaile, and about
22,000 inhabitants. This town is fa-
mous for a kind of ftrong beer, called
Mum, which is exported even to Afia.
It is leated on the Ocker, 7 m n by E
Wolfenbuttlc, and 68 sLuneburg. Lon.
10 47 E, lat. 5a 16 N.

Brunfwick, a feaport of the ftate of
Georgia> chief town of Glynn county,
with a fafe harbour, capable of contain-
ing a numerous fleet of men of war.
It is feated in a fertile country, at the
mouth of Turtle ilver, in St. Sinaon

n

WwM

I

Mm

Wmt

'.'.

pii'/j

1

f^''''l;*

■ti

t 'AIm

■

j.

iiil

6. '1 J

«•

f'

t.:

i' ••''

M

it II i;

(oiindi (to m 'sw S.Witnii.i. Lon. 8i o
w,Ut. .u lo N.

Btuuj'wick. a city of N<'tv Jfrfcy, fti
MiiKlliMix county. Its fttii,iri(in is low,
but m.iny houl'is are now built on .i
plcjafint hilii wliich rill-.s w ot thr town.
It has a conltdcrabli- uil.itul tr.uif, and,
over tlu- Riiitan, one of ilu- mod clc-
pant bridj,'cs in America. Qm-cns col-
lege was in this city, but is nmv oxtirii'^
aii ;• place of inftnu'lion. I5run('wick is
60 m NE PiiiKuU'ipliia. Lon. 74 30 w,
lat. 4030 N.

Urtotjhvirk, n town of the diftiiift of
Maine, in Cunibrrland comity. IJow-
tloin college h eltablidu-d iirnr. ft is
feated on die s (iile of Mcrrytneeting
bay, at the inllux of the yVndrolcog^jin,
;;o m Ni; Portland. Lon. 70 o w, lat.

43 5 1 "* •

Hnmfiv'ii-k', New, .1 Hritini province

in N America, feparated from that of
Niiva Scotia, in 17114- ^^ '" 2°^ "^ '""K
and 170 broad ; bounded on the w by
•Kcw England, n l>y Canadi, 1 by the
gulf of St. Lawrence, and » by Nova
Scotia and the buy of Fundy. It has
(ifveral lakes, and is wcII-watercd by
livers. At the conclufion of the Amc-
ricin war, the emigration of loyalills to
thi.^ province was very great. 'I'lie river
St. John opens a vaft extent of fine coun-
try, mod of which is fettled and under
improvement. The upland is in gene-
ral well wooded, and the lofty pines af-
ford a conliderable fupply of marts for
the royal navy. The chief place is the
city of St. John, but the feat pf govern-
ment is at Frederidtown.

BrttJJelsy a fortified city of the Ne-
therlands, capital of the department of
Dyie, lately the capital of Brabant, and
the Hat of the governor of the Auftrian
Low Countries. It has many magni-
ficent fquarcs, pid>lic buildings, walks,
and fountains. The Hotel de Ville, in
the grand market-place, is a remarkable
ftrudlure : the turret is 364 fe(;t in
height, and on the top is the figure of
St. Michiicl, of copper gilt, 17 feet high,
•which turns with the wind. Here is a
kind of niinn(-ry, called the Beguinage,
wl'iich is like a little town, andfurround-
cd by a wall and a ditch : the women
educated here are allowed to leave it
^vhen tlicy choofe to marry. BrulTels
is celebrated for its fine lace, camhiets,
and lapellry : and contains 80,000 inha-
bitants. It has a communication with
the Scheldt by a canal, 20 m long. It
was bombarded by Marflial Villcroy
in 1695, by which 14 churches and
4000 houfes were deftr.»yed. It hasbeen
ievcral times takcu fince ; the lait tioie

by the French in 1794. It ii fcated
paitly on an eminence, and partly on
the river Stniie, a? m h Antwerp, and
14K N by K Parii. Lon. 4 18 k, lat. ;,)

il N

Ih-utnn, \ town in Somorfctlliirc,
with a market on Satiiiday. Here ari-
manufiiihircb of lilk and hoficry ; x
freefchool, founded by Edward N 1
and a fi.itily alnilhoiile, confiding of tin-
rninn of a priory. It is Ceatcil on ilu'
river Briic, is m »k Wells, and 109 w
London.

Hruyers, a town of France, in thedc
partmunt of Volgcs, 11 m i:ne Fpi-
nal.

nryaitJlyriJfir, a town of Ireland, in
th(! county oi ( late, fcatcd on the Shan-
non, 8 m N Limerick.

Brzrj'ct a fortified town of Lithumia,
capital of Polcfii, or the palatinate of
Br/efc, with a cafile on a rock- Here
is a large ("ynagogue, rcfortcd to by tlic
Jews from all parts of Europe. It it
lirated on the Bug, at the influx of tbc
Moukhavilz, 1 10 m s by w Grodno.
Lon- 24 6 E, lat. 52 4 k>

Brxij'c, a to\vn of Poland, capital of
a palatinate of the fame name. It it
furrounded by a wall, and feated in a
marfliy plain, 95 m wnw Warfaw.
Lon. 18 30 1^, lat. 52 40 N.

Brze/nitz, a town of Bohemia, in tiif
circle of Saatz, with manufatftures of
lace,' fite-arnis, and hardware, 24 m
WNW Saatz. — Another, in the circle of
Prachin, 18 m WNwPifek.

Bua, an ifland in the gulf of Venice,
on the coaft of Dalmatia, called like
wife Partridge ifland, becaufc frequented
by thofc birds. It is joined by a bridge
to the town of Traon.

Buarcos, a town of Portugal, in
Beira, on the feacoaft, at the mouth of
the Mondego, 37 m s Aveira.

Buccari, or Bucliari, a feaport of
Morlachia, on the ne part of the gulf
of Venice, 12 m e Fiume. Lon. 14 26
E, lat. 45 17 N-

Buchannefs, the mod eadern promon-
tory of Scotland, 2 m to the s of Pe-
terhead, in Aberdeenfliire, in lon. i i7
w, lat. 57 26 N. South of this promon-
tory are the Buller of Buchan, Bownefs,
and other dupendous rocks and preci-
pices, much admired for their awful
grandeur.

Bucharia ; fee Bokharia.

Buc/iau, a town of Suabia, with a I
nunnery, feated on a fmall lake, called |
Feydtr See, 25 m sw Ulm.

Buchau, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Saatz, 26 m sw Saatz.

Buc/ioix, a town of Brandenburg, in

It is fcattil
aiul partly on
Antwerp, aiiil

4 iB K, l.lt. r)

hV c

\\\f: Uckrr mark, featcd on the D ihmr,
a? m s»K Bf-rlin.

liuc/iort'jl, a drone city of Europran
Turkey, cipital of Walachia, whrrc
the holpodar commonly rcfitli^. Thf
p-itriarchfll chiircli i« larji;c, and adjoin-
ing it is the pai.ici' n( the archl^ifhop.
In A fqintc,ii«*\r \Uv frntrc of the town,
it the gr»'ar church of St. Gror>,'»", the
natron faint of Wal:icliia. The inha-
bitants arc fftiin;(t<;d at 60,000. In
1811, a treaty ofpt'acc wis li>»ncd h«Me
htlween the Turks ai.d UuHians. It is
fi-atcd on the Domboriza, V'! "» s^'''
Tcrgovilt, and 200 n by w Adri inople.
Lon. 16 H K, lat. 44 57 n.

Hucliornt a town of Suabia, lately im-
pirial, feateil on the lake «)f Conftance,
i!t m F.NE ("onlt.incc.

HuchleH, a village in Iluntingdon-
fliire, 5 m sw lluntin^^don. Her<' is a
fiipcrb pilace of lh«i bifliopsof Lincoln,
and feveral of the prelates hare been in-
terred in thtr church.

IlucJieAurif, a town of Weftphalia, in
flie county of Schaui.nburp;, with ncaf-
*le, on the river An, ,^ m esb Minden.

huckfuhamt a town in Norfolk, with
a market on Saturday, u m e by n
Thelford, and 93 nf. London.

Ijucifajlki,(;/i, a village in Devonflure,
3 m s by w Afli burton. Here are fome
remains of an abbey ; and many of the
houfes ave built with materials from its
ruins.

Buckingham, a borough and the ca-
pital of Uuckinghamlhire, with a mar-
ket on Saturday, It is almoft lurround-
ed by the Ou(e, over which are three
ftone bridges. There was formerly a
caftle, on a mount, in the middle of
the town. Here is little trade or manu-
fadure, except lace-making, and fome
paper-mills on the river. Two m to
the Nw is Stowe, the celebrated fwat of
the marquis of Buckingham. The town
fuffered greatly by fire in 1725. The
number of inhabitants was 4605 in
1801, and 2987 in 181 1. It is 25 m Nf.
Oxford, and 55 nw London. Lon. o 58
w, lat. 51 58 N.

Bitckinghamjh'tret a county of Eng-
land, hounded on the n by Northamp-
ton/liire, E by Bcdfordlhire, Hertford-
ftiire, and Middlefex, s by Berklhire, and
w by Oxfordfhire. It is 39 m long and
18 broad, containing 478,720 acres; is
divided into eight hundreds, and 203 pa-
rilhes; has 15 market-towns; and fends
14 members to parliament. The num-
ber of inhabitants was 107,444 in 1801,
and ii7,6.';o in 181 1. The principal
rivers are the Thames, Coin, Oufe, and
Tame. The foil is rich, being chiefly

n V K

chalk or marl ; and the woods of the
hill«, chiefly lirech, form a coiidderahle
article of profit, both as fuel and tim-
ber. The nidlt general maniif.«(flure it
bone-lace and paper. Miickiiij.'ham is
the county-town, but Aylefbury is the
l.irg« II.

Bucklfn-hmrtl, a village in Hamp-
fliire, on Beaulirii river, 9 m ssw
Southampton. The inh.ibitants are
prineipally employed In (hip-building i
and many fri>,'ate8 have been built here.

Butla, or Oif'en, the capital of Lower
Hungary, fituate on the fide of a hill,
on the w fide of the Danube, over which
is a bridge of boats to Peft. The inha-
bitants are eftimated at 21,000. The
churches and public buildings are hand-
fome. In the adjacent country are
vineyards, which produce excellent
wine ; and hot baths that were in good
order, with magnificent rooms, while
the Turks had poflefTion of this place.
The Turks took it in 1529, and it was
afterward befieged leveral times by the
Germans to nopurpofc, till 1686, when
it was taken. It is 94 m ese Prefburgt
and 200 nnw Belgrade. Lon. 19 5 e,
lat. 47 .^o N.

Budelich, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Sarre, l.itely of Germany,
in the eledloratc of Treves ; feated on
theTraen, 12m ene Treves.

Buderieh, or Burich, a town of
France, in the department of Roer»
lately of Germany, in the duchy of
Cleve; feated on the Rhine, 22 m se
Cleve.

Budin, a town of Bohemia, in the cir-
cle of Rakonitz, with a caftle, 9 m s by
w Leutmeritz-

Bud'msrtn, a town of Germany, in
Wetteravia, with a caftle; fituate on
the Sambach, 25 m ene Frankfort.

Budlfen ; fee Bautzen.

Budoa, a ftrong leaport of Dalma'.ia,
and a biihop's lee. It fuftained a fiege
by the Turks in 1686, and is 30 m sk
Ragufa. Lon. lU 58 e, lat. 42 30 n.

Budrio, a town of Italy, in Bolognelei
8 m E Bologna.

Budivet!, a fortified town of Bohe-
mia, in the circle of Bechin, and lately a
Liihop's lee. In the environs are mines
ol' gold and filver. It is feated on the
Muldau, 75 m s by w Prague. Lou.
14 25 E, lat. 49 2 N.
• Budzac ; fee Bejfurbia.

Buen Ayre ; fee Bonair-

Btienos At/res, a city and feaport, the
capital of Paraguay, and a bilhop's fee.
It is the feat of a viceroyalty, eftabliflied
in 1776, which includes the countries of
Paraguay, Cbaco, and Tucuman ; the

t

R

m

Bt'

r>

mm

htkiU'--'

m

:!

juridltc'lioni of l*otuUi, Plata, «nii St.
Cruv.t In Peru i mul that of Mnulozi.
In Chili The ciiy in wt II fuitificd \ »nd
hither ii brought n gn at pan ot th«'
Irralurca nnil rm'rch4tu!iii' of Peru ami
Chill, whkh aic cjcportttl to Spain It
was* f iiindicl hy Mciul(j/a in « j,}.^, hut
aftnuard abandoncil i ;iii<l in i.M4i
aiioliicT colony ot the Sp.4ni.iiili cunc
hurt, who U-tt it all'iit but it wai rebuilt
ill isi)~«4i>d inh.tbit< J by ^pani.iriU aiui
the nativf AnxT'CMiii I' ha;> am i Icgaiit
calhcili'.tit a linnll Imliiu clnirch, two
monnfterh'Ht Hvi* convcnte, a coll»'i{f. a
beautiful fquarc, ami about 3I1000 in-
lubltanti. The trade iHcani-d on with
tii«' province* of Pt ru by mearm of carts
drawn by oxen, which tiavcl together
in caravan*. The country artiund is
quite open and level, furtnlhing every
fpecics of American aiul luiropein pro-
duiJlions; but the nioR extraordinary
circumftanrc is the propaK^tion of cat-
tle, which have inultiplicd fo imnunfely
that all are in common, and ;» gnat
many are killed merely for tticir hides.
Hucno« Ayre» wai furrendcred to the
LuRliUi in July 1806, but they were
obliged to abandon it foon iftcr. In
July 1807 the Englifli made an unfuc-
cefaful attack on thin city. It is feutcd
on the Plata, 2:0 m from the ocean,
though the riv(;r it here 21 m iu bicadlh.
Lon. 5831 w, lat. 14 35 s.

Bug, a river of Poland, which rifes in
the palatinate of Lemburg, flows n to
Drzcfc, crolFcs Polachia into Mafovia,
and enters the Villula above WifcliKfod.

Rus(ia, a feaport of Algiers, in the
province of Conftantia, at the mouth of
the Major, ou a bay of the Mediterra-
nean. It has a (Irong caftle, but fir
lulward Spragge dtftroyed fevcral Al-
gerine m;'n of war under iia walls in
1 67 1. Tlie harbour is I'afcr and more
capacious than that of Algiers, but its
entr.'ince h equally dangerous. The;
principal trade is in inftrumciits of agri-
culture, made of iron, obtained from
mountains near the town. It is 90 m e
Algiers. Lon. 5 a8 e, hit. 36 49 n-

Bujalance, a town of Spain, in Anda-
lufia, featcd in the centre of an cxten-
five plain, rich in vines, olives, and corn,
as m R Cordova.

Btiilth, or Buallt, a town of Wales, in
Brecknocklhire, with a market on Mon-
day, and a mantifa<5lure of ftockirigs.
Here was an ancient calllc, whofe keep,
its laft remains, was burnt down in
1690. and the whole town nearly de-
ftroyed. In this neighbourhood the
Welch made their laft (land for inde-
pendence, and were defeated by Ed-

IJ I' IN

ward I, in 1 »'<<. Ib.iiih ^ feafed onth«
Wyi', over vvMeh is a hrtd m into Kud.
nonhi) • 1 1 fti N liio.kt't'ck, and 17 j
vv by ■ ' niton.

Liu'n, 1 mwii of Tr.tnce in fhr depart-
ment «if Droitie, 40 m » l)ran|{«? .tnd 6j
*>» V.'Ii'liec.

l'uiii\ij>o, \ fortified town "f '"p:»iii,
it. Ne-* v.-vijlilc, ci'-'.iratvd for ti.*- wci^l
collcdtd ill iti. invlro'in. It la tvatcd
oil the I,o/oy,i, .;o in n M.ulrid.

tiular, ;i .'iwii of lli.'ypt, Hiinte otj
th..' Nile, a mile t) tlie w of C liro,
.■»nd thi port I f tha' city. Ou the n
lidc of it ix the C.tlilli. whieh conviya
the waters of the Nile to Cairo. 8cc
< airo.

litJnm. an idird on the w coaft of
.Africi, at the month of the ^'ainbia.
The foil is good i and a fettli merit of
free bl.icks was fornu'd here in 171J:, by
the lingiilii, hut the n.itives of ihe con-
tinent would not permii ii to contiiiuc>
L'ln. 16 v w, lat. i,< o N.

Bulf^nr'ui, a province of European
Turkey, bounded 011 the N l»y W^la-
thia Tiid HcHaibia, k by the i>lack Tea,
3 by Romaiii » and Macedonia, and w
by Servia. It is mountaimmti, but fer-
tile in the intervening vallita. SolKi is
the capital.

BuluiJ's; Ci^c Boic>tfJs-
Bumiive, a vill.it,'e of Scotland, in
Argylelhire, on the k lid<; of Loch
Elivc, at the influx of tlie river .Awe,
I? m KN'K Oban. IIer«' i« an iron foun-
dery, a valuable falmon hduiy, and a
lafe bay for vellels of rm.ill burden.

Bundi'lcitndt or Bundela, a circar of
Hindooftin, in the province of Allaha-
bad, inhabited by a triiie of Kajpoots.
It is a mountainous trad, and contains
the celtliratcd diamond mineKof P.inna,
with I'ome llrong forticlFes. Cliatter-
pour is the capital.

Bimgni/t a town iu Suffolk, with a
market ou Thurfday, (catcd ou the
V/avcnay, which is navigable hence to
Yarmouth. It has two churches, and
the rtiinn of a nunnery and a caitle. It
is 36 m N by li Ipfwich, and 106 ne
Loi.don.

Bungo, a kingdom of Japan, in the
iiland of Ximo. Thekingof this coun-
try was converted to Chrillianity, and
ient a Ibleirn cmbafly to the pope in
.'585. 'J'he capital is fumay. Lon.
133 o v., lat. 3; 40 N.

Buni'va, a mountain of Greece, be-
tween Janna and Livadia, extending to
the gulf of Zeiton. The ancient name
was iEta ; and it is famous for the palJ!
of 'Iherniopyia: (fo called from the hot
baths in the neighbourhood) \vhcv«

Lconidui, and
cd fur thric
army.
BioikftJ Hill
JiNnli'iif/orJ,
with .1 m.iik) t
London.

Iiitnl<vnlii, a
Canaru, which
fitiLUe near t!
Maiig ilorir.

lUiut. lull, a
ptincip.ility <»l'
liCdirc of In
and lilver llowt
I) 'bir. i\ m vv
HiiiuJitu, .1
f.atcd ou the
Uunt/.lau.

Hunfilaut -h
capital of (he
was a royal to
and it Icated
l'iaK:ue. Lon.

l.urngrug,
enters the Atla
Bun/wiri, a
pital of a dill I
tilt DunmiootI
Li n. 87 56 t, 1
Burc/lot or (
Naples, in Abr
eiano.

Burfn, a tow
land, with a fur
nugutfu.

lUtren, a tow
principality of
.\lme, 10 m 8 1
Dunn, a tow
canton of Uern
jw Soleure.

liur/ortl, a tc

1 mnrket on Sat

of lnddlc3, tliill

me Windmill,

and 71 vv LontI

Burg, a to\

county of Zur;

Vflll, 18 m E i

Bufg, a tow

the (Juchy of ■

Ihle, 12 m NNi

Burg, a tow

duchy of Berg

gun-barrels an

on the Wipper

Burg, a villa;

wNw Carlirie.

cre<5fed to den

ward I died, w

ptdition pgainf

Burgas J a toi

n r u

LfonMai, and hi • |oo Sp«rtBn«, rcftd*
cJ fur (line d.ty» lite whuk IVti'i.iu
arir>y.

lUutktri lllll\ (t<f Brteti$ lltll.

UnHliHf/urJ, u town in IlfrtCoHiliirc,
with i m.iiki t oil Monday, 31 m n l>y k
Lutuloti.

HunUv/tla, A town of IlindooO.tn, in
C.inarj, which hai a i^rcMt inUnit ti.u!( ;
I'tti.itt' nc.ir till- Nc(uw.iri, 10 m i-
M.iiig ilort'.

IhtHtliiu, a town of Sllcfn, In th«?
ptitu:ii).ility <ir Jiiicr. It h.ii .1 manii-
liCtuic of hrowii pottf'ry with v.o\i\
nthi lilvrr flower:* ; <«ii(l {■« Icated on th*:
li ibi r. 2< Ml Nv l<y N I.i^nit/.

t:init:hiu, .lit, .1 tjwn of Hiihfrni.i,
f.atcd on the l'.lb«*, i6 rn ii>w Juiijj
i3iiiil/laii.

lUmixlau, JuHf^t -i town of Hohi-mia.
capital of ilii! circt*' «)f Huiit/lati. It
was a royal town iiiidi-r Uoitolphui ti.
and in Icatfd «>!) Mu* \Uv, :li m nnk
Pia^iu'. Lon. i^; o K,lat 50 :a s.

/-.•(/•rtfri/v, a riviT of I'l/. whicli
enters tlie Atlantic ocean, at Sallcc.

Bunluuiv, a turn of lliiulooltan, oa.
pita! of a diiliid in Ik'iixal, l'<"ilfd on
the Dunimooda, ^,^ m n'.v Calcutta-
Li n. M; 56 K, lat. a.; zo n.

Burcllot or Vix'ita bwrfin, .1 tiiwn of
Naples, in Abrnzzo Ciira, ao in » l.an-
ciano.

Burfu, n town of Holland, in Cicld* r-
land, with u fui tilled calUe. 2Z m w Ni-
niigiien.

Hurfttt .1 town of Wcltphalia, in the
principality of Pail'-rborn, Ir-utcd on the
Almc, 10 m 8 Padcrborn.

Lureti, a town of S'.\l(Veiland, in the
canton of Bern, fLMled on the Aar, (t m
iw Solenrc.

liur/ortlt a town in Oxford (liirc, witli
^ miirket on Saturday, and niamifa^lUircs
'jf laddkM. ilidllls, and rugs; feared on
tiic Windriilti, 17 m w by n Oxford,
anil 71 vv London.

Burj!^, a town of Holland, in the
county of Zutpheii, (iMtcd 011 the Old
1 (lei, 18 m E Nirnegnin.

Burf;, n town of Low r Saxony, in
the duchy of Magdchnr^;, on the river
Ihle, 12 m NNE Magdeburg.

Bur^, a town of WcitpMalia, in the
duchy of Berg, with manufaitiircs of
gun-barrcis and woollen Itnffs ; featcd
on the Wipp<'r, 18 m se l)oncldt)rf.

Bwgt a village in Cumberland, 5 m
wNw Carlifle- Near it is a colnmn,
eroded to denote the fpot where Ed-
ward I died, when preparing for an ex-
pedition pgainft Scotland.

Hurgajt a town of European Turkey,

in Uumania, riviicd m n fertile pUin, 46
m IK Adriaiioplr, and U5 Nw Cunllin*
tinople.

Burjtaut .1 town of StL^hiA, with %
CMflle which mvc% n.ime to « m.inpii*
late, lately iiibjt'Jt to Aiiltrii. but e. ddl
to Havati.t in iHt^ It in Ic.iud on ihc
Miiidcl,6m V- Uuntzburg, and 2} WNW
Au;^fburK.

Burifdorf, A town of SwifTcrLtud, in
the canton of Uciii,with a i aflie, leaNd
on .in rmiiifiicc, by the iivci luinincn,*
IP Ni. Ilcrn.

llurjiJorf, » town of I,owrr Saxony,
in LiincburK, with a callle, on t' ; river
Awe, 1^ in « Zfll.

Hur^/iaHHt •■» town of Gorm-iny , in 1 he
ptincipali'y of Fnlda, on the liver
IlaiiD, H m NNK i'nlda.

l:nri(/i/-it,!, a town of Scntlind, in
F.Iginfiiiif, on a bay t«» which it kivch
iKiinc, on th«' s lidfot the Moray tritli.
It blithe be ft Irnbonr on this coift j
ani' on fin* pronionuiry is the Alitr.i
<.'al>ia of I'toUiny, a Roman flation.
which is pretty entire, and extends ov«r
more than 1 1 aeres. In the vicinity .irc
<|ii,irne:i of lie<ltvt:ie anil liniellonc. It
i« 9 ni W!Jw lil^in.

BurgUnsfi'fifi't, a town of Bavaria, in
the principalily oi Neiibuig, 16 m nw
R.itifbon

Buri(os, a clly of Spain, capital of
Ohl Caltile, and an aichbilhnp'8 fee.
It baa an anticpiee.iftli;, once the abode'
of the king!! of Caftih- ; and the cathe-
ilral isone of the moft magnificent Oo-
thic fabrics in luiroDe. The fqnarcs,
public buildings, an. I fountains, are fine ;
but its trade and ni;;rHdje^hires are in-
confiderable, and the inhabiiantsdo not
exceed io,o«o. In Oclobcr ifln, it
was beficgcd by the allieil Ibices; but
failing in an attack on thcFrencli in thr.
callle, the fiege w.is railed. In Jnne
1813, the French blew up the fortiriea-
tioiis, and retreated top.implona. Ilnr-
gos is leated pirtly on a nv nntain, and
partly on the river Arlan/oii, 95 m t by
3 Leon, and 1 17 n .Madiid. Lon. 3 jo
w, lat. 4Z aH N.

Burgu, or BerJoa.a. territory of .Africa,
in the delert ot Lybia, to the s of
Augila and R of Fezzan. The capital
is of the lame name, 250 m ssw Aiij;il.i,
and 430 f-sti Monrzook. Lon. ai 40 u,
lat. 26 10 N.

BurgimJi/t a late province of France,
nam long and 7.5 broad ; bounded 011
the E by Franche Compte, w by Bour-
bonnois and Nivernois, s by l.yonois,
and N by Champagne. It is fertile in
corn, fvuiti, and excellent wines j an4

^1^

I !

■1^ w

* 4*', iir. If;: '

: ^

:-'-.: **t^^:

' i

»'■ : :i

BTTU
U now fi)rmckl into tlic drpiirtmrntii
tif CMe li Or, flaiknr und Lone, and
Yonnr.

Hitrhfinf>9ur, a cit/ of IlindooltAn,
capiul ot Candrilht.tiiil, 4t one p«'riiKl,
of the DtfCcMM alfu. It h.i> .1 vrr^t IrAtlc
hi Aric i-ntton for vriU, (h.twU, £(c. In
the w.ir wttti the* Mihi.ilM* in \^q\ it
liirrcn«lcrt'(I totlu' lUitifh. It ii lituate
in a (IcIiRlitfiil country, on the river
Tapty, laj m ■ b/ n hurat. Lon. 76

19 R, 111. ai Sj N.

Iiurliiiuf<>>iir, a town of nin(l(4()n.in,
in HciikhI. utt ilir river ( ollimba/ar, 9 ^
in N C.tlcutta.

tiuruino, » town of Tiife.my, In
Sicnnt iC| itfar the laltc CAitiglciio, 10
m tiK MadU.

Hurirli { fi'C !tiiJfruh.

Huriti, A fortified fciport of Aiahia,
In tilt- province of Anuin, 4;, m wnw
Mafcat.

BurkfH, a town of (icrmany, in thi*
late ilc^ioratc of Mrntz. ay m a IKi-
di'llxri;.

BurklniHien, A town of lla»ari«, witl-
nn old fortified ci(\le on a mountain.
It ii the feat ol a rc);cncyt anl ilandt
on the river Sil/a, near it^ coiilliix
with tiic Inn, if m nnw S.il/burK.

llnrlinfftoHtA town of Enjjiand. See
HriHinij^ton-

Htirlini^lntit a city of New Ji'rft'y, ca-
pital of a county ot the fame name. It
llaiuU on an illand in the Delaware,
which \s here a mile hroad, and haitafafc
and rnnvrnient harbour. It is 17 m
NK I'tiiiadelphia. Lon. 75 10 w, lat. 40
14 N.

/'«r//w/»MH, a town of V<Tmont, chief
of Ihittiiiilcn county. It Aandoon Lake
di.nnipl.iin, and carries on a lucrative
trade witli St. John, in Canada, not 70
m diftant l)y water. In the vicinity is
a richly endowed college. It is mm
N Bcniiinj^ton. Lon. 73 10 w, lat. 44
25 N.

Burn/iftrr, a town in Ncrfolk, with
a market on Monday and Saturday.
It ftands near the fca, on the river
l^iirii, in which is a frnall harhour.
Around it are five villages of the fame
name, with an addition ; atid that of
Hurnham Thorp is the birthplace of the
celebrated admiral lord Nelfon, whofe
father was the redlor. Hurnham is ly
m Nw Norwich, antl 117 nk London.

Buniham, a town in EHcx, at the
month of the river Crouch, which is
here called Buridinm Water The
Walfleet and Hurnhaih oyflcrs arc the
produd of the creeks and pita of this
river. Burnham is 11 m se Maiden.

n II u

RurnUtft a town in Lancifhir^, with
A market n.i Monclty, \m[ Utmv woolkn
aiiit rolton maniifjohirr*. li \\a\\A-% in
a wooily vale, nlmolt fiirronndcd by
the LccjN and Llverp(M)l canal, .V5 m
»t Lancan**r, and 211 nnw London.

Hurnl IjlitnMt an iflarid near the •
co.ill ol NrwfoiindUiid, 15 m fciK i^ape
iiay. Lon. 5K ^o w, l.ti 47 \n h.

Hurnt l/UtnUi, a clultcr ttf illand* in
thr Indiin ocean, wnw frmn Clo.1*
Lon T \ io *, I. It. 160 N.

Hurnti/lanil, .1 borough of .Scotland,
ill Fifelbire, on thr frith of Forth, with
an excellent h.irbonr, and a trade in
(hin-building It ii featfd at the foot
of lofty hill:^, 9 m n Leith.

Hurrttrnfiooltr^ or Mtj^na, a river
which rife* in the miinnt.iini of Tibrt,
near the hr.ul of the Claiigen. Thff.«
iwo rivf-rn, iH'tiin}? from oupofite fnh-i
of ihe fame ridge of mount.iini, direct
their courfe towarti oppofite «|iiarter«,
till they .ire more th.in 1 zoo in afun<|rr,
and afterward meet in one point near
the fea, each having performed a wind*
in.; courfe of ab.)ut 1 too m. From it«
liniice, the liiirrampooter proceed* r.
through Tibet, where it i» named Sa-
poo, or /ancin ; that Ih, the Uiver:
.".tier wafliing the border of the territory
of Lad'.!, it proceed* 8K to within 210
m of Yunan, the wefternmoft province
of ( hina : it then turn* fuddenly to the
w, and pafllng through Aflam, alTumea
the name of Murrampooter. It enter*
Ucngalon the Ni.make* a circuit round
tlie weftern point of the Garrow Moun-
tains, and then, altering it* courfe to *,
meets the Cianges about 40 m from the
fca. During the laft 60 m b-fore it*
jund>inn with the Ganges, it form* a
Itrcam which i^ regularly from 4 to 5
m wide.

Burfttt or Pru/a, a city of Afiatii-
Turkey, in Natolia, built by Pruhas
king of Hythinia. It was the capital uf
tlie Ottoman empire, b«'foie the taking
of ConRantinople ; and it now contain*
about 60,000 inhabitants. It Hands
upon feveral little hilli, at the bottom
ot .Mount OlyinpuR, and on the edge of
a fine plain full of fruit-treefi. So many
fprings proceed from the mount, thai
every houfi- has its own fountain ; and
at its foot are fplendid hot baths The
mofques are elegant, as are the caravan-
faries. The beztdine is a large ftruc-
ture full of waiehoufes and (hops, con-
taining all the commodities of the ead,
bclide their own naanufadures in filk.
Mere ate the beft workmen in all Tur-
key who are excellent imitators of the

I'ollllllir:*, w

II V H

tiptftry of Italy ami rnncf. None
l>iil iitoort'liiiini Art permiiit'd tn dwcli
111 the rty J Inn IK«' dih'irbi, which ui*
Pnich liin r, ;iiiil hctirr proplcd. nrr AlU
L-kl witri Jcwii Armcni«n«, «nd (ircck*.
Diiii't U AH m » Uy k ConA.iiitiiioplr.
. lul 80 N w Kiut4j.t. Lon. 29 1 1 1>» Ut.

liitrjtfm, A l.vvn ill Stnffoi'iUhirp,
\.\U'\) * rin.illvill.igc, httt now h.u r%-
tc'idvc pottcrii'K It iKiiuU near thf
Tr.iu atul MciiV/ canal, am kwk
Ncwctrtlc.

Buijltl' , .1 viMigf in llimpniin*. j
m Kii-, S.)iith.tmpt()ii. It rt.uutioii the
il>ti)ilitc, \ lit Iron) ito timuth, atut It vr-
r.il lliipi have luvn built \\>'xe for ilti*
ii.ivy,

tttirton, a town in Wcrtinoi l;uitl, with
.1 marlat o'l'lui-lUiy ; Icitcil in .ivillty
"•Mr tlic I.;iiicart«r c.inal, u m 1 Kcu-
(I.1I, .nti'l ^51 NMw London.

Jii/rfon ti/-on SlnUfifr, .1 town in I.in-
ii)lii(liirf, with a miikit oti Moiul.iy 5
'v-Ucd on .1 hill, luMr the 'I'rtnt, ,ii m n
Mncoln, and 16^, n by w Loiidcn.

liiirton upon Irent, a town in St.if-
fiirdthiri', with a market on Tluirfdiy.
It lian thf rcmaiiinoti' large ahbt-y ; and
ovrr tlu! Trent ii a bridge ol frccflonc,
a <inartt'rr,r ^ niilf in Irngth. Ib-rcan!
maniitadiin ;, of hate, cotton, tammies,
l'p:ide«, and other at tides of iron ; .nul it
is famous for excellent ale. It in 1 i m
hv. Lichfii'ld, and 1:5 nmvv London.

bill With, a town of Hindi)n[l,ui, in
Ben;;.i!, on tin- l)ordcr» of OrifTa, 250 in
w by N Calcutta. Lon. a.i 33 b, lat.

Ihir^t a town in Lamrafliire, with a
marki't on TInirfday. Here are largo
mannf.nfturivi of \v )'illen and cotton;
and (Dine capital priming works near
the town, 'I'lic numher of inhabitant;*
was 707a in i8ji, .md H:6i in iHii It
is Icatcd oti the hwcll, above the in-
flux of the lloch.i) in n by w Mauchof-
tcr, and 195 nnw London.

i'turi/ St. I'.ilm'oiily a borough in Suf-
folk, with a market on Wctlnefday and
Satiinlay. It took its name from St.
Edmund the kini;, who was buried
here ; and to his honour an abhi'y was
rounded, of which fouie noble ruins re-
main. Ileie arc two parifhchurchea,
which fland in one churciiyard : in St.
Mary's lies .\I;iry ciiu'cn of France, v\'lio
was married lo Chark* Brandon duke
of Sutlolk. At this town the barons
mtt, and entered into a league againft
kin^; John. Henry v i called .1 parlia-
ment here in 1446, when Humphry
diiite of (ilouceder was imprifoiied, and
he died herf, as (iippol<«i, by po'fon.

niiT

Th< afTi/e* '••r Ihi* coiintf nrt \\r\A
here ( and it li«i n frrefkhool iouiub'tt
by Fdward Vl, The number of In*
habitantl wan 7A55 ^'i i^ot, ami ftMt'ux
iRii It if pated on the L.trke, a
branch qf ilit Oiif'^, tj m nw I'Hwich,
and 71 14 Mr Londun. Lon o 46 K»liii.

S% a M'

Hiiri/ein, Si. .1 villa^t^ in Cornw»ll,
5 m w^w IVn/aner It wa» >»\< f of

f;rrat not*', and had t colh-ge loundt'd
»y king .\th« Ktiii. Tin- church is fpa-
ciouH, anil eoniaiDi niany ciirioiifi relics
nf aniiquity. in i(» nciglibourliond
ari* 19 lirg*" ftnnei 0 tmling in a circle*
It fiel fiotneieh othfr,an<l in the cen-
tre !■* onr miieli I \r^vx th m the reft.

Bn/tteo, a ridge ol mountain.i in Por<
tiigai, in IMra, cxtctiitinK n from the
rivi-r Mond got noted f»r a battle, in
iHio, in which flu' Fn-iu h were d<fcai«
ed by ihf Jhitilh and Pi)rtt)j;'ii<*fc.
Hii/lifr, or Abiifdtnhr, the principal

fiort of IVrfia, in Tarliftan, goterned
>y a fluik It rucujiiii ilie point of a
ficniidtila, in the gulf of Perfia, and
orms a triangle, of which th«' bafe on
the land fide in alone fortihed. At un-
C'|ual dillancc!! along the walls are \i
towers, two of whicli form the town-
g.ite. Thf lilt CIS arc vi-ry narrow, and
tlu- inhabitant! eftimatrd at 10,000.
i brr arc leven mof<|Ue:). two hiimmumH
or baths, and two carav.mfiries. 'The
Englifti F.all-India Comp.in^ have a
fa(!tory hue ; and the trade with Shiran,
by caravans, is conliderable. It i» litij-
ate near the head of the gulf, 110 in
w;uv Shiras. Lon. i;) 4^5 v., lat. 28 59 n,

DuiJiiral', or Hufru \ fee {Jfi/fora.

Viiiti-, ati ill md of Scotl ind, in tiic
frith of Clyde, fi-parated on the n from
the peninfula of Cowal in Argylcfhire
by a narrow channel. It is 14 m long
atid 4 bio.ul; the n part hilly and bar-
ren, but the n fertile and well cultivated.
The coaft is rocky, atui indented with
fcveral fife harbours, chii-fly appr.^pri-
ated to the herring fidicry. Rothfay
is the capital.

liutfjhire, a county of Scotland, con-
fiding of the iilaiuls of P-iitr, .Arran,
(ircat and Little Cumbray, and Inch-
marnoc, which lie in the frith of Clyde,
between the counties of Ayr and Ar-
gyle. The number of inhahitatits was
ij,.o.]3 in ittn. Tiiis Ihire (liids a
member to parliament alternately with
Ciithnefs. See Butey e'V.

Diitritito, a feaport of European Tur-
key, in Albania, and a biihop's fee- It
(l.«nds on the lite of the ancient liuthro-
tum, of which fome ruins remain, and
has a conliderable trade- It iy entrench-

ij . 'I

r. ¥ ! !

It''

m..

T.f ■ '.

; •(■

ti^

T'. U X

cd by ilio river P.ivia, the lake Pclodii
and the canal oF Corfu, at the entrance
of the piilf of Venice. 40 m vv by s
Janina. L^^n. zo 9 E,ht. 39 49 n.

Buttermcrff a lake in Cumberland, 8
ni sve Kcfwick It is 2 m lotig, and
nearly half a mil*' broad. On the w fide
it is tirrniiiHted by a mountiiin, callt'd,
from its tVrriiginoiis colour, the Red
Pi'^(•; a ftiip of ciiitiv,itcd ground
aclDrnsthc k lliore ; at the N tnd id the
villaRr of Bnttermere ; and a };roup of
hotifcs. called GaicfgHrth, is at the s
ex* -inilf, under an arnpliitl'calrc of
mouiifiiinous rocks. Here Honifler
Ci;ig is I'ecn riling tt' a v.ifl height, flunk-
ed by two conical mountains, Flectwith
on the E, and Scarf on the w. Nu-
merous mountain torrents form never-
failing calara(5ts tliat thunder and foam
down the rocks, and form the lake be-
l(jw. This lake is called the Upper
Lake ; and near a mile from it, to the
X ;., is the Lower Lake, called alfo C'ro-
niack-water. The river ('Ocl'.^r flows
through both thefj lakes to Cocker-
mouth.

Buttet ivorthy a large village in I.an-
cafhire, a m e Rochdale, which par-
takt s in the trade and manufudlures of
that town.

Button Bay ; fee Hud/on Bay.
Buttjiadt, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Thuriiigia, feated on the Lofs, 16 m
'.V Nauniburg.

Hu'.-cbaclh a town of Germany, in
Weiteravia, feated in a marfliy but fer-
tile plain, 10 m s Giefien.

Butzo"^v, a town of Lower Saxony, in
Meckicnhurg-Schi.erin, feated on the
Warna, 17 m sw Roftr-^k.

Bnxade'iuar, a ftrong fort of the
country of Bootan, at the entrance of
the mountains from Bengal. It ftands
on the top of a rock, so m n Chicha-
cotta-

Buxars n.town and fort of Hindoo-
ft.in, in Bahar, on the right bank of the
Ganges, 7a m w Patna.

Buxtehitde, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of liremen, on the river
yfte, r8 m SE Stade.

Buxto/i, a village in Derbyfliire, at
the cntnince of the Peak. It has nine
wells that rife near the fource of the
river Wye ; and they are deemed one
efthefeven wonders of the Peak. Their
waters, noted in the time of the Ro-
mans, are hot and fulphureous; and
much company refort to them in the
fummer. I he building for the bath
was erected by George earl of Shrewf-
bury; and here Mary queon »>f Scots
was for fome time. The duke of Dc-

CAB

vonniire hasereifteil a beautiful crcfcent,
and under the houfes are piazzas and
fhops. A mile hence is another of the
wonders, called Pool's Hole, at the foot
of a mountain. The entrance is low
and narrow, but it prefently opens to
a cave 6y6 feet long, of confiderablc
height, with a roof refembling a Gothic
cathedral h contains n^any ftaladlical
concretions, and feveral cuwous repre*
fentations both of art and nature, pro-
duced by i le petrifying water con-
tinually drofjping from the rock. Bux-
ton is 31 nr, Nw Derby, and 160 nnw
London.

Byron Ijl.ind, an ifland in the Pacific
ocean, difcovered by commodore Byron
in 1765. It is low, full of wood, and
very populous. The natives are tall,
well proportioned, and clean ; and their
countenance expreflRve of a furprjfing
mixture of intrepidity and chterf^lneft.
Lon. 173 46 i:, lat. 1 18 s.

C.

Caade/i, a town of Bohemia, 'in the
circle of Saatz, on the river Eger, 9 m
sw Commotuu.

Caana ; fee Ke»e.

Cabeca de Fide, a town of Portugal,
in Alentejo, with a caftle, 12 m s"' Por-
talegro.

, t'abenda, a feaport of Africa, in Con-
go, fubje<fl to Portugal, 100 m se Lo-
ango. Lon. la 2 e, lat. 4 5 s.

Cabes, or Gabes, a town of the king-
dom of Tunis, near ? gulf of tue fame
name, 170 m s Tunis. Lon. le 5$ e,
lat. 33 -40 N.

Caihi/'oint, a town of Virginia, in
Surry county, on Upper Chipoak creek,
near James river, 26 m ese Peterfburg,

Cabra, a town of Spain, in Andalulia,
with fix convents, and a college for the
ftudy of philofophy and divinity. It is
fiiuate at the foot of a mountain, near
the fource of a river of the fame name,
S5 m SK Corduva.

Cabra, a town of the kingdom of
Tombudoo. It is a place of great
trade, feated on the Niger, and ferves
as a port to the capital. The various
produds of the country are brought
hither, to b.irter for the European and
Barbary manufactures. It is 10 m se
Tombudoo.

Cabrera, an ifland in the Mediter-
ranean, 7 m s of Majorca. It has a large
haibour, on the N fide, defended by a
caftle. Lon. 2 55 e, l.it. 39 8 n.

Cabidt a country of Afia, bounded ott

55

C AC

the N by the Hindoo-ko, which fopa-
rates it from Balk, e by Ca(hmcre» s by
Canduhar, and wbySegiftan. It was
anciently a province or Perfiai after-
ward it was unncxed to the Mogul em>
pire till ijzq, when it was redored to
Perfiii by Nadir Shuh. The country is
highly diverfificd ; confifting of moun-
tains covered with fnow, hills of mode-
rate height, rich plains, itntely forefh,
and innumerable dreams. It produces
every article necelfary for human life,
with the moft delicate fruits and flowers.
It is fometimes called Zabuliftan, from
Zabul, one of the names of Ghizni,
which was the ancient capital of the
country.

Cabult the capital of the province of
Cabul, and of the dominions of the fui-
tan of the Afghans, leatcd near the foot
of the Hindoo-ko, on the river Attock.
It carries on acondderahle trade, and is
contidered as the gate of India toward
Tartary. In 1739, Nadir Shah took it
by ftorm, and plundered it of great
treafures. It is 170 m ne Candahar.
Lon. 68 33 E, lat. 34 30 n.

Cacaca, a town of the kingdom of
Fez, with a fort upon a ro'k, 16 m s
Melilla.

Cacelloy a town of Portugal, on the
SE coaft of Algarva, 6 m f. by N Tavira,
and 8 wsw Caftro Marim.

Caceres^ a town of Spain, in Eftre-
madura, feated on the Sabrot, 22 m se
Alcantara.

CacereSf a town of the ifland of Lu-
conia, capital of the province of Cama-
rines, and a biihop's fee. Lon. 124 o
E, lat. 14 33 -V.

Cachan, or Cajhariy a city of Peifia,
in Irak, which has a confiderable
trade in filks, carpets, and copper ware.
Here are many Chriftians, and Guebres,
or worfliippers of fire. It is feated in
a ftony plain, 106 m n by w Ifpahan.
Lon. 51 20 E, lat. a 55 N.

Cachaot or Kecho, the capital of the
kingdom of Tonquin. It contains
20,000 houf«s, whofe walls are of mud,
and the roofs covered with thatch ; a
few are built with brick, and roofed
with pantiles. The principal ftreets are
very wide, and paved with fmall Itones.
The king has three palaces here, fuch
as they are ; and near them arc ftables
for his horfes and elephants. The houfe
of the Englilh htXnxy is the htft in the
city; and the faftories purchafe filks
and lackered ware, as in China. It is
feated on the river Hoti, 80 m from the
gulf ot Tonquin. Lon- 105 11 £, lat.

41 10 N.

Cacheo, a town of the kingdom of

CAD

Cumbo, Oil the river Cachco, or St.
Domingo, 59 ».? from its mouth. It
is fubjeft to the Poriu^jucfe, who have
three forls, and carry on a great trade
in wax and flaves. Lon. 14 55 e, lat-

12 6 N.

Cac/ioeira, a town of Brafil, in the go-
vernment of All Saints Bay. It is the
mart for the northern gold mines, and
ftands on a fmall river, 43 m nvv St.
Salvador.

Cacongo, a town of the kingdom of
Loango, feated near the mouth of a ri-
ver, 40 m ssE Loango.

Cacorla, a town of Spain, in Anda-
lufia, on the rivulet Vega, between two
mountains, 40 m enf. Jaen.

Cadfnac, a town of Fr.ince, in the de-
partment of Lot, on the river Lot, 27 m
ESE Cahors.

Cadeneli a town of France, in the de-
partment of Months of the ithonc, 28
m SE Avignon.

Coder Idrisy a mountain of VV'ales,
in Meiionethlhire, to the s of Delgeliy.
The perpendicular height is 2914 feet
above the level of the fca. Oa the i'um-
mit are the remains of a fortrefs ; and
it has feveral lake."!, abounding with

C'adiar, a town of Spain, in Granada,
28 m SE Granada.

Cadtllaci a town of France, in the de-
partment of Gironde, with a caille,
feated on the Garonne, 15 m se Bour-
deaux.

Cadiz, a fortified city of Spain, in
Andalufia, and a bifliop's fee, with a
good harbour. It is feated at ihe n ex-
tremity of a poninrula, which is 10 m
long and fcarcely 3 broad in any part;
forming a harbour of more than the
fame length, between it and the main-
land, from 6 to 8 m in breadth. The
3 fide of thi city is inacceffible by fea,
being edged with crag^-y rocks ; on the
w fide is fort St. Seballian, and on the
E fort St. Philip ; and the paiTage into
the harbour is tornmaruted by two op-
pofite (brts, Matagorda on the con-
tinent near Porto Real, and St. Lorenzo
on tlie peninfula ; which two fovts are
alfo called the Puntals. Cadiz was
built by the Phoenicians, and was after-
ward a Roman town : and there art
ftill feveral remains of Roman antiqui-
ties. It is ciolely built ; the ftreets arc
in general narrow, l)Ut kept rt-markably
cl"an, and the houfes are high, with
flat roolV. The fituation prevents itg
further extenfion ; and in 1799 it con-
tained 75,000 inhabitants, who have
every neceffiiry of life in plenty, except
water for drinking^ which they oie ob-

m

1

C A i:

ligod to obtain fiotn fprings on the
coafl, near St. Maria. Thi" cnthfdriti
is an ancient ftrnt^line, with niapniriccnt
tlccorations ; antlancwont' was bf gun to
be creftcd in 172s. I)ut will ftill rccinire
many years to complftr. Here is alio
a commodious obft-rvatory, a national
theatre, and n large culton\honre, but
not an exchange. This port is the
centre of the Spanifh commerce to the
\V Indies and America. There are
linen manura»5turc8 in the neighbour-
hood, but that of fait is the chief
branch of indultry. This city was taken
by the Englith in 159b ; but being at-
tempted again in 1702, they had not
the like fuccefs. In 18 12, after a land
blockade of fome years by the French,
they abandoned their works, having
previoufly fct them on fire. Cadiz is
53 m ssw Seville, and 60 www Gibral-
tar. Lon. 6 16 w, lat. 36 32 n.

Cadoni, a town of Italy, capital of
the diftrift of Cadorino, and the birth-
place of Titian, the painter. It isieated
on the Piave, 15 m n Belluno. Lon.
12 o K, lat. 46 28 N.

Cadorino, a diftrift of Italy, lately
fi'bjed to Venice ; bounded on the e
by Friuli, s and w by Belluneli?, and
N by the principality of Rrixen. It is a
mountainous country, and the chief
town is Cadora.

Cadfand, or CaJJand, an idand of
Holland, on the n coaft of Flanders, at
the mouth of the Scheldt. The land is
fertile, and the inhabitants make a large
quantity of excellent cheefe. It is de-
fended by feveral forts. The chief town
is CafTandria.

Caen, a city of France, capital of the
department of Calvados, with a ce-
lebrated univerfity, and a callle with
four towers, built by the Knglifh. The
abbey of St Stephen was founded by
William i, who was buiied in it. The
river Orne runs through the city, to
which the tide brings up large vcflels.
It is 65 m w by s Rouen, and 125 w
Paris. Lon.o 22 w, lat. 49 11 n.

Caer. For fome pl.ices that often
begin thus, as Cacrdifl, fee under Car.

Caerhutif a village of Wales, in Car-
narvonfhire, on the river Conway, 5 m
s Aberconway. A Roman hypocaull
and other antiquities have been dif-
covercd here; and it is deemed to be
the fite of the ancient Conovium.

Caerleon, a town in Monmouthfliire,
with a market on Thurfday. Many
lloman antiquities have been found
here ; and it has the ruins of a caftle.
It is fealed on the Uik, 19 m sw Mon-
mouth, and 146 w by N London.

c \v

CtxerphiUtj, a town of Wilci, in C\\-^[-
morganlhirc, with a mark^'t on 1 hun*-
day, and a woollen manuf.iiflure. Thti
ruins of its celcSrated caflle more rc-
(i-mble that of a city than a fingle edifice.
Jt is ftated between the Taafe and
Rumncy, 7 m N Cardiff, and 160 w
London.

Caer<iuent, a village in Monmouth-
iliite, 4 m sw (hcpftow. It is the
Venta Silurum of the Uomans, once
crowded with palaces and temples ;
but now the buildings within its ruined
walls are only a church and a few feat-
tered houfes, the reft of the aita being
laid out in fields and orchards, where a
teflelated pavement and other antiqui-
ties hiive been difcovered.

Caeravj/s, a town of Wales, in Flint-
fhire. It had a market, which has bi en
difcontinued fincethal; at Holywell w;is
eftablilhed ; and the alfizetj were held
here before their removal to .Mold. It
is 5 m w Flint, and 212 nw London.

Caffa, or Theodofiay the largelt town
of Crimea, with an excellent road
and harbour. It was taken, in 1266,
by the Genoefe, who made it one of
the moft flourifliing towns in Afia. It
was taken from them by the Venetians,
in 1297, but foon recovered ; however,
ill 1474, the Tartars, aflifted by the
Turks, finally expelled them. It waa
the laft poll in Crimea of which the
Genoefe retained the fovereignty. CafTa
was the Theodofia of the ancients ; a
name which has been reftored to it by
the Ruffians, who became pofroiFed of
Crimea in 1791. It then contained
about 20,000 inhabitants, was well gar-
rifoned, and a place of great commerce ;
but it has fincefuftcred great devaftation
from the Ruffians, who have plundered
or deniolilhed the minarets, niofques,
baths, &c. and laid moft of the hoiifco
in ruins. The tradii confifts in wax,
furs, lamb-lkins, leather, horfes, at.d
female flaves, moft of the latter broughr
from Circaffia. Caffa is feated on a bay
of the Black fea, at the foot of fom^;
high mountains, 65 m e by n Symphe-
ropol, and 130 SE Precop. Lon. 'i,$z<i
E, lat. 45 o N.

Caffreria, a large region of Africa.
extending along the Indian ocean, frnni
the mouth of the Coavo, in lat. 8 ^5,
to thai of the Great Filh river, in lai
30 30 s. The firft river divides it from
Zanguebar, the laft from the country
of the Hottentots, and the other in-
terior boundaries are not afcertained.
On the coaft it includes Mofambique,
Mocoranga, Sofala, Sabia, Inhambane,
and Natal, and other countries in the

interior. The
of all the tribe
confift in an ext
Tarying exceedir
tions of Africa,
ftrongcr, and bcl
Ikin is brown, a
woolly. They 1
and prominent 1
the thick lips ol
high cheek-bon(
The clothing of
ned with fome :
cloth. The men
animals tied rour
low the knees ; f
hair, and large
arms ; they arc a
hair of lions, an<
their heads, with
ornaments. The
and have great
which pay the ir
to their voice. 1
ing, fighting, or d;
pert in throwin
other arms are ff
very large oval (hii
of oxen. The won
modeft in their
covered with cU
face, arras, and 1
form, much fmal
They are employi
of their gardens a
meftic occupation
vegetables, which
ihe country, as tc
kidneybeans, and
are higher and mc
thofe of the Hottt
more fertile; butt
all tt.eir animals,
Both men and
bodies red with a ,
iron ruft, and the
fat ; which opera
third or fourth da
tattooed on the br
but not on the face
in a Supreme Beir
World; but he is n
18 he reprefented
or fought in any th
garny is allowed ;
period of unclean
purification ; and
cumcifed when tw
are addicted 10 the
believe in prognof
have a kind of m
greatly revere. T
alphabetical chara
have fome ideas

C A F

interior. The univerlal charadleriftics
of all the tribes of this great nation
confill in an external form and figure,
▼aryinp fxceedingly from the othor na-
tions of Africa. They are much taller,
ftrongcr, and belter proportioned ; their
lliin is brown, anc* their hair black and "
woolly- They have the high forehead
and prominent nofe of the Europeans,
the thick lips of the Negros, and the
high chtck-bonca of the Hottentots.
The clothing of both fexes is (kins, tan-
ned with fome (kill, and as pliant as
cloth. The men wear tails of different
animals lied round their loins anu be-
low the knees ; pieces of brafs in their
hair, and large ivory rings on their
arms ; they arc adorned alfo with the
hair of lions, and feathers fadened on
their heads, with many other fantaftical
ornaments. They are fond of dogs ;
and have great pride in their cattle,
which pay the moft perfedt obedience
to their voice. Their exercife is hunt-
ing, fighting, or dancing. They are ex-
pert in throwing lances; and their
other arms are fpears, bludgeons, and
very large oval (hields made bf the hides
of oxen. The women are handfome, and
modeft in their behaviour; they are
covered with clothing, except their
face, arms, and legs, and of a flender
form, much fmaller than the men.
They are employed in the cultivation
of their gardens and corn, and in do-
meftic occupations. They raife feveral
vegetables, which are not indigenous to
the country, as tobacco, watermelons,
kidneybeans, and hemp. Their huts
are higher and more commodious than
thofe of the Hottentots, and their lands
more fertile ; but their oxen, and almoft
all tticir animals, are much fmaller.
Both men and Women colour their
bodies red with a fort of earth, or with
iron ruft, and then fmear it over with
fat ; which operation is renewed every
third or fourth day. Some of them are
tattooed on the bread, back, and arms,
but not on the face. The CafFres believe
in a Supreme Being, who created the
world ; but he isnotworlhippcd, neither
is he reprefented by any kind jf image,
or fought in any thing terreftiial. Poly-
gamy is allowed ; feveral adls caufo a
period of uncleannefs, followed by its
purification ; and the youths are cir-
cumcifed when twelve years old. Thcv
are addidted to the grofleft fuperftition,
believe in prognoftics and omens, and
have a kind of magicians whom they
greatly revere. They have no kind of
alphabetical charadtei s ; but appear to
have fomc ideas of drawing. The

C A I

CafTrcsc. ifift of a:,'reat numberof tribes,
each gov ned by its own kin^, which
dijriiity is reditary; but examples of
ufurpers arc not rare. Thiir internal
wars, not (»nly of owe iribc aj^'ainft an-
other, but of rebcHifiis captains agaiiiit
their prince;), dilturb their ([uiet con-
tinually, and prevent their making
much progrefs in civilization.

<''rjijli, a town of Italy, in the duchy
of Urbino, at the foot of the Apennines,
30 m 9 Urbino.

Cagliari, a fortified city and feaport
of Sardinia, capital of the ifland, and an
archbifliop's lee, with a univerlity and
A caftle- Here are five churches, befide
the cathedral, three of which are colle-
giate. It ftands on the a part of the
ifland, at the bottom of a gulf of the
lame name, which forms a large and
fecure harbour. Lou. »; 26 i'., lat. 39
30 N.

Ctignete, Canete, or Giiarco, a town
of Peru, capital of a diftridl of the lame
name, extending above 70 m along the
feacoafl;. It is fituate near the fea, 80
m SB Lima. Lon. 76 16 w, lat. 1.3 10 s.
Cahir, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Tipperary, with a cadle, fi-
tuate on the Suir, urns Calhel.

Cahir, a town of Ireland, in the coun-
ty of Kerry, on an inlet of Dingl.' bay,
32 m sw 'Iralee.

C'a/iorst a city of France, capital of
the department of Lot, and a bifhop's
fee, with a univcrfity. It ia featcd on a
penlnfula made by the river Lot, and
built partly on a craggy rock- There
are three bridges over the river. The
cathedral is a Gothic ftrudure, and has
a large fquare fteeple. The town has a
mannfa(5ture of fine cloths and ratteens,
and furuillies excellent wine. It was
taken by aflault in 1580, by Henry iv,
by means of petards, which were firit
employed here. In one of the fuburbs
are the remains of a Roman amphithea-
cre. Cahors is 60 m n Touloufe, and
287 s Paris. Lon. i 26 e, lat. 44 i? ^f
Cajaneborg, a town of Sweden, in E
Bothnia, fituate on a lake where the
river Pytia forms a tremendous cafcade.
It contains but few inhabitants, and is
125 m E Uleaborg. Lon. j.7 45 e, lat.
65 13 N.

Cajazzo, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Lavoro, fituate on a hill, by the river
Volturno, 22 m nr Naples-

Caicos, a cluflier of iflands in the W
Indies, to the n of St. Domingo, which
take their name from the principal one
Lon. 71 30 w, lat. 21 40 n.

Cai-fong, a city of China, capital of
the province of Ho-nan. It is I' Mate on

■, I;

kf '

'.i

■■'■ 0

C Al

a plain 6 m from the river Iloan-ho,
wliicli is higher than the plain, and
kept in by raited dikes that extend above
<)o m. When the city was ln-ficged by
the rebels, in i6;a, they cut the dikes
of the fiver, wnich drownod 300,000
of the inhnhitaiits Some of the ruins
ftiil remains, which (how that its prefent
Ibte is far inferior to its former magni-
ficence. Its jurifditflion comprehends
four cities of the fecond clafs and thirty
of the third. It is .315 m ssw Peking.
Lon. 114 a8 E, lat. 3^5$ n.

Caifa, i\ IVaport of Syria, in Palcftine,
tlefeiuled by walls and a citadel. It
ftands on the s fide of the bay of Acre,
8 m sw Acre.

('alman, three fmall idandsof theW
Indiis, to che \ w of Jamaica, bet\ en
Hi and 06 w Ion. The inhabitaniu of
JamaiLia come hither to catch tortoif.s.

Cairabad, a town of Hindootlan, ca-
pital of a circar in the province nf Oude,
44 m N by w Lucknow, and 96 nw
Fyzahad.

Cairn., a village of Scotland, in Wig-
tonthire, with an excellent harbour, on
the E fide of Loch Ryan, 9 m n Stran-
ravver.

Cairntrorm, a mountain of Scotland,
between the counties of Banff and El-
gin. It rifes in a conical form 1750 feet
above the level of a fmall lake near its
bafe, which is the fource of the Avon,
and 4050 feet above the level of the fea ;
its fides clothed with firs, and its top
generally covered with fnow. It is fa-
mous for beautiful rock cryftals, much
tfteemcd by hpidaries

Cah-Of or Grand Cairo, a large city,
capital of Egypt. It confifts of three
towns, about a mile apart ; Old Cairo,
New Cairo, and the port termed Bulac
The population is eftimatcd at 300,000.
Old Cairo is reduced to a fmall place,
thouph the harbourfor boatsthat come
from Upper Egypt. Somr of the beys
have country houle-< here, to which they
retire when the country is overflowed
by the Nile. New Cairo is a mile from
the river, and 7 m in circumfe-
rence. The ftreets are narrow ; and
liie fined houfes are built round a court,
in which they make the bcft appearance,
having few or no windows next the
fir* et. The caftle (lands on a fteep rock,
and is furrounded by thick walls, on
which arc ftrong towers. Jofcph's
Well, made by a vizier of that name
ubout the year 1 100, is the moft curious
part of the callle : it is funk in the rock
2\io fee^deep and 40 in circumference,
with a ftaircafe carried round ; and a
afachine, turned by oxen, raifes the

(• A I

wati r (which come.i from the Nile) into
a refervoir, whence it in ag.iiii riiftd t>y
a fimilar machine. There ,ire many
other relirrvoirs for water; anduumeroiu
bazars, where each trade has its allotted
quarter. There are fcvcral public Iw,;-
nio», very handfome witl'", and iifco
as places of relVethment and diverlion,
cfpecially for the women, who ^ro there
twice a week ; but the wives of greif
men have baths at home. The wo n; n
have greater liberty here than in any
part of .he Turkifli empire ; and 011
Friday a mofque without the w.d!s is
frequented by them as a pilgrimaj-^e (if
plcafure. The Calith, a canal which
conveys the waters of the Nile into the
city, is ao feet broad, and has houfes on
each fide of it. As foon as the watn-
begins 10 rife, the mouth of the canal
is clofed witli earth, and a mark placed
to fiiow the time when this and all other
canals in the kingdom are to be opened,
which is done with great folemnity.
There are not lefs than 300 mofques in
Cairo, the lofty minarets jf which pre-
fent a very pidurcfque appearance. Ir.
was a place of very great trade before
thedifcovery oftheCapeof Good Hope;
and is ftill the centre of that of caltera
Africa. The chief manufa<Jlur(fs are
fugar, fal ammoniac, glafs, lamps, fait-
petre, gunpowder, red and yellow lea-
ther, and linen made of the fine Egyp-
tian flax. This city was taken by the
French, under Bunaparte, in 1798. It
ftands on the right bank of the Nile, 100
m s of its mouth. Lon. 31 18 e, lat. 30

3 ^^

Caironn, a tovrn of the kingdom of
Tunis, and next to the city of Tunis for
trade and number of inhabitants. Its
commercial intercourfe is carried on
with Sfax and Sufa ; and the chief com-
modities are corn, dates, oil, wool,
hides, and Ikins. It is fituate near a
fandy defert, where are found many
veftiges of former magnificence, no ra
s by E Tunis. Lon. 10 a6 e, lat. 35 5 n.

Caijior, a town in Lincolnfhire, with
a market on Monday. Near it are the
remains of a monaftcry, and many Ro-
man veftiges. It is li m sw Grimlby,
and 156 N London.

Caitlmefs, a northern county of Scot-
land, 35 m long and 20 broad ; bound-
ed on the N by Pentland frith, e and
SE by the German ocean, and why
Sutherlandfliire. The s angle is oc-
cupied by mountains; and a vaft ridge
of hills forms the sw boundary, ending
in a promontory called the Ord of
C'aithnefs, which runs out into the fea.
The reft of the country may be deemed

Nilt:) into
r-iii'tii by
,ire many

it»all(»ti((l
ublic Iwi;-

anil nfcu
diver lion,
in ^ro tlK'ie
<» <)'.' grmt
he no n; n
lan in any
! ; ciiul on
lie vv;<lls is
grima,n;e of
mal whicli
lie into tliL'
R houfos oii
s the watt')
f the cana!
lark placed
lid all otlit'r
be opened,

folennnity.
moftiues ill
which pre-
;iirance. It
rade before
jOodHope;
It of caltera
fa(5\ur(f8 are
lamps, falt-

yeUow lea-
e fine Egyp-
akcn by the
in 1798. It
he Nile, 100

18 E, lat. 30

anty of Scot-
3ad ; bound-
frith, E and
I, and why
angle is oc-
3 a vaft ridge
idary, ending
the Ord of
into the fea.
ly be deemed

C A L

an iimit'nff mMjfs iiilrrfperfed witli
fomc fniitful (pots, pro.Iucinp oats and
barl y, or affaidiiiR pifturc (or flif(.p
and breves. Tl'c otlitr chief proiluds
arc butter, chccO', yarn, (kins, fpathrrs,
and kelp. Thi* lunnber of inhahitantJ
waH ia,6o9 '" 1801, and 2.^,419 in i8i i.
It fviicJH a member to parliament alter-
nately with Butf Ihirc. I'.nglilh is chief-
ly Cpoki'n (»n the cualt, but in the high-
lands ihu Gaelic prevails. Wick is the
capital.

Caket, a town of Pcrfia, near Mount
Caucal'us. Its trade confifts chiefly in
lilk. Lon 46 15 E, lat. 33 o N.
Cala ; fee CalU.

Calabar, a town of the kingdom of
Benin, capital of a country of the fame
name. 'J'he Dutch have a fa\flory here.
It is 140 m 8SE Benin. Lon. 7 is e>
ht. ^ 4» N.

Cei.'abrzo, a town of Terra Firma, in
the province of Caracas, on a river of
the fame inme, 120 m s Leon.

' 'alaliria, a country of Naples, divided
I'm- the provinces of Calabria Citra and
Calabria Ultra, or Hither and Further
Calabria. The firft is bounded on the
I by Calabria Ultra, N by Bafdicata,
and w and e by the Mediterranean.
Cofenza is the capital. Calabria Ultra
iswaflied hv the Mediterranean on the
K, s, and w, and bounded by Calabria
Citra on the n. Catanzaro is the capi-
tal, 'i'his country abounds in excellent
fruit, corn, wine, oil, filk, cotton, and
wool. In 1783, a great part of Cala-
bria Ultra, as well as of Sicily, was
ilcftruytd by one of the moft terrible
earthquakes on record ; befide the de-
ilruftion of many towns, villages, and
farms, above 40,000 people perifhed by
this calamity.

Calahaxra, a city of Spain, in Old
Caftiie, and a bii'iop'a fee ; featcd on
the fide of a hill, ivhich extends to the
Kbro, 70 m E Burgos- Lon. a 7 w,

lat. 42 J2K.

Calais, a feaport of France, in the
department of Pas de Calais, with a cita-
del. It was taken by Edward 111 of
Kngland, in 1347, after a liege of more
than 1 1 months, which has j;iven rife to
fomehiftorical aswell as dramatic fi<ftion.
^1 15571 it was retaken by the duke of
Guife. It was bombarded by the En-
jlifli in 1696, without receiving much
injury. The fortifications are good ;
but its greatefl: ftrength is its fituation
among the marflies, which may be over-
flowed at the approach of an enemy.
In time of peace there are packet-boats,
which go twice a week between Dover
MQd Calais. It is 41 m kss Dover, aod

C AL

15a N by w Paris. Lon. 1511, lat.

Calais, St. a town of France, in the
department of Sarte, 24 m i-^e Alans.

(\i!amata, a town of European Tur-
key, in Vlorei. It has a great iiadc in
dried fi;.:3, and is feated on the Spi-
nazza, 16 m wsw Mifitra.

Calatnianes, a clurter of idands, the
mod svcflerly of the Philippines, and to
the N of Borneo. They are 1 7 in number,
and mountainous ; but produce great
quantities of wax, honey, and edible
bird nerts. The principal ifland is Pa-
ragoa.

Calata^^irone, a town of Sicily, in Val
di Noto, with handfome ftreets, pa-
laces, and other public edifices. It it
featcd on a hill, 40 m nw Noto.

Calataxibeta, a town of Sicily, in Val
di Noto, with many fine buildings, and
manufaJlnrts of coarl'c cloth and muf-
lins. It is 4-1 m wnw Catania.

Ca/atayud, a city of Spain, in Ara-
gan, with a caftlc on a rock. Tlic
chief commerce is in hemp, produced
in the vicinity ; and great quantities of
ibap are fent into Caftiie. It (lands ax
the foot of a hill, on the rirer Xalon, at
the influx of the Xiloca, 44 in sw Sara-
gofla. Lon. i 33 w, lat. 41 28 n.

Calatrava, a town of Spain, in New
Caftiie, the chief place of the. military
order of the knights of Calatrava. It ia
feated near the Guadiana, 63 m SSE
Toledo Lon. 3 10 w, lat. 39 4 N.

Calavrita, a town of European Tur-
key, in Mor«^a, celebrated for the hard
cheefcs and filkworms produced in ita
vicinity. It is 25 m w by s Corinth, and
30 SE Patras.

Calie, a town of Lower Saxony, ia
the duchy of Magdeburg, on the riv«r
Saal, 16 m s by E Magdeburg.

Calient a town of Brandenburg, in
the Old mark, with a caftle, 7 m sw
Stendel.

Calberjfa, a town of Hindooftan, ia
Golconda, formerly a vaft city, and the
refidence of the fovereigns of the Dec-
can. It is 8< m w by n Hydrabad,
and no £ Viiiapour. Lon. 77 ao «j
lat. 17 as N.

Calcar, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the duchy of Cleve ; feated near the
Rhine, 8 m SE Cleve.

Calcliagua, a province of Chili, ex-
tending from the Andes to the ocean,
45 m in breadth, between the rivera
Cachapoal and Teno. It is fertile ia
grain, wine, and fruit, and^produce*
much gold. The capital ia,,St. Fer-*
dituodo.

' i in

t" i^-i"
ili.

^f!?!"

■> '

*«!

C AL

Ciilcinatu, .1 town of Italy, in Brcf-
ciaiio, where a vidnry was gaiiud ovr r
the Auftrians. by the French, in ijo6.
It is 8 m sK Uril'ijia.

Cnlcuttn, a city of Hircloon,»n, anil
the cnfiporiiim of Bengal, fitiiati- on tht^
left bank of the Hoogly, or wcftern arm
of the Ganges, loo m frona its mouth,
In the bay of Bengal. It rofe on the
fitc of the village of Oovindpour, about
1700, and extends from the w point of
Fort William, along the banlts of the
river, almod to the village of Cofiipoor,
4 m and a half; the breadth, in many
parts, inconfulcrable. Generally fpeak-
ing, the defcription of one Indian city
18 a defcription of all; being all built
on one plan, with very narrow and
crooked ftreets, interfpcrfed with nu-
jmcrous refervoirs, ponds, and gardens.
A fewof the ftreets are paved with brick.
The houfes are varioudy built ; fome
with brick, ethers with mud, and a
greater proportion with bamboos and
mats : thefe different kinds of fabrics,
intermixed with each other, form a
motley appearance. Thofe of the latt«r
kinds are invariably of one ftory, and
covered with thatch; thofe of brick
feldom exceed two floors, and have flat
terraced roofs ; but thefe are fo thinly
fcattered, that fires, which often happen,
do not, fometimes, meet with the ob-
ftrurtion of a brick houfe through a
whole ftreet. But Calcutta is, in part,
an exception to this rule of building;
for there, the quarter inhabited by the
Englilh is compofed entirely of brick
buildings, many of which have the ap-
pearance of palaces. The line of build-
ings that furround two fides of the ef-

f>1anade of the fort is magnificent ; and
t adds greatly to the fuperb nppearance,
that the houfes are detached from each
other, and infulated in a great fpace.
The buildings are all on a large fcale,
from the neceflity of having a free cir-
culation of air in a climate, the heat of
which is extreme. The general approach
to the houfes is by a flight of fteps, with
great projeding porticos, or fiirrounded
by colonades or arcades, which give
themthe appearance of Grecian temples.
But the remainder or the city, and by
much the greateft part, is built as be-
fore defcribed. Calcutta has been won-
derfully improved both in appearance
and in the falubrity of the air ; for the
ftreets have been properly drained, and
the ponds filled up. It is fuppofed to
contain at leaft 700,000 inhabitants. In
this fplendid city, the head of a mighty
Chriftian empire, there is only one
church of the eftabiifhmcnt cf the ino<

C AL

thcr country, and that by no means
confpictious for fize or ornam«nt : it \\
alfo rcmark.iblf, that all Britilh India
docs not afford one cpifcopal fee, while
that advantage has been granted to
Canada. The mixture of I'.uropran and
Afiatic manners that may be obfcrvcd
here is curious : coaches, phaetons,
chAifes.with thcpal.uikeens and hackiT-
ien of the natlveu, the pafilng c<'rcmonit"j
of the Hindoos, andthodiffi'rcnt appear-
ances of the fakirs, form a fight more
extraordinary th.in perhaps any other
city can prcfi-nt. The hackery here men-
tioncd is a fmall covered Ciirri.ige upon
two wheels, drawn by bnllocks, and
ufed ^generally for the female part of
the family. The Ganges is navigable
up to the town for the largcft fliipi that
vifit India. The exports are confiiler-
able in fait, fogar, rice, opium, filks,
muflins, calicos, &c. Calcutta is the
feat of the governor-general and council
of Bengal, who have a control over the
prefidencies of Madras, Bombay, and
Bencoolen. Here is likewile a fupremf
court of judicature, in which juftice is
difpenfed, according to the laws of Eng-
land, by a chief juftice and three puii'nc
judges. In 1 756, Calcutta was taken by
the foubah of Bengal, who forced the
feeble garrifon, to the ahiount of 146
perfons, into a fmall prifon called the
Black Mole, out of which only 93 came
elive the next morning. It was retaken
the next year; the viftory of Plafley
followed ; and the inhuman foubah was
depofed, and put to death by his fuc-
celfor. Immediately after this vi6lory,
the ere(5tion of Fort William commenc-
ed, which is fuperior to any fortrefs
in India- In 1801, a noble college was
founded here, in which are profclTors
of Englilh, Mohamedan, and Hindoo
laws, iiillory, &c. Calcutta is 1030 m
NNE Madras. Lon. 88 39 e, lat. ::
35 N.

Caldas, atown of Spain, in Catalonia,
famous for its hot baths, and feated
amid mountains, almoft covered with
olives, IS m N Barcelona.

Caldecot, a village, in Monmouthftiire,
feated in a plain, i m sw Chepftow,
and noted for the maflive remains ol'
its caftle.

Colder i a river that riles on the vr
borders of Yorkfhire, flows by Halifax
to Wakefield, and 8 m below joins the
Aire. It is navigable the greater part
of its courfe.

Caldolzburg, a town of Franconia, in I
the principality of Anfpach, with aj
caftle, 18 m NE Anfpach.

Cakdtnia, a feaport of Tena FirmaJ

1 menni
nt: ith
ilh India
ire, while
anted to
)pfan and

(ibfervcd
phaetons,
id haclit'r-
••rcmonit'i
nt appear,
ight more
any other
I here men-
riapi' upon
locks, and
>le part of
% navigable
I fl\ipi that
c confuler-
liiim, filks,
:utta is the
and council
rol over the
imbay, and
le a fupremt"
ich juflice is
law8of Eng.
three puiine
was taken Ity
0 forced the
lount of 146
n called the
only 13 came
; was retaken
y of Plafley
n foubah wai
h by his fuc-

this victory,
im commenc-

any fortrefs
le college was
are profcfTors

and Hindoo
tta ia 1030 m
29 E, lat. s:

, in Catalonia,
and ftatcd
:overed with

iS

[onmouthfliirc,
sw Chepftovv,
ivc remains ol'

•ifes on the vr
ows by Halifax
below joins the
he greater pait

of Franconia, in
ilpach, with a

h.

of Tena Firma,

C AL

on the NE coaft of the ifthmus of Da-
rien, foiimU'd by Ibnar Siotih families
in 1699, but has lon^; Ucni in the hands
of the Spaniards It is 150 m sE Porto
Bello. Lon. 77 56 w, laf. 8 30 N.

i^aMnuiii .Vt-qy, an ifla- d in the Pa-
cific ocfaii. dilcovered by Conk, in 1774.
Il is if'o m long and 70 broad. The
inhabitants are Itrong, aftivc, and well
made ; their hair is black and much
frizzled, but not w.xilly ; their be.irds
arecrilp and thick ; they bcfmi'ar ihi-ir
faces with black pittmcnt; and their
only coveiin^' is a wrapper, made from
the bark of a tree or of leaves Their
houfes are circular like a bee-hive;
formed of fmall fpars and re<'d«, covered
witli long coarfe grafs, and thf floor laid
with dry grafs. They dtpofit their dead
in the gf )Uiid, and decorate the grave
of their chiefs with Ipcars, darts, pad-
dles, &c. They are of a p icific dil'po-
fition, and thdr women charter than
thole of the more e tfttrn idanda They
cultivate the foil with fome art and in-
duftry, but fubfift chiefly on roots and
fiih. Plantains and fiigar canes are not
plentiful, bread-fru't is (carce, and
cocoa-nut trees arc but thinly planted ;
but yams and taras are in great abund-
ance. The cape at the s end, called
Queen Charlotte Foreland, is in Ion-
167 12 K, lat. 2% IS s.

Ca/enberjf, a principility of Lower
Saxony, which conftitutes a part of the
duchy of Briinlwick- It is divided into
two parts, and the principal towns are
Hanover and Gottingen. It takes its
name from an ancientcadle now io 1 uins,
feated on the Leinc, 17 ms Hanover.
Cal/tuco, a town on the coast of Chili,
inhabited by Spaniards, Meftees, and
Indians, 180 m s Valdivia. Lon. 73
37 w, lat. 4a 40 s.

Call, a city of New Granada, in the
province of Popayan, in a valley of the
Ihme name, on the river Caiica. The
governor of the province generally
refides here. It is 90 ni e Bonaven-
tura, and 200 w St. Fc. Lon. 77
5 w, lat. 3 15 N.

Calicut, a city of Hindooftan, capital
of the province of Malabar It was the
first Indian port vifiled by European
fliipping ; being difcovered by the Por-
tuguefe, in 1498. Here is a manufadture
of plain cotton goods ; and much ialtis
made by the natural evaporation of the
fea water. The principal exports are
cocoa and betel nuts, black pepper,
g'nger, and turmeric. It is feated at the
mouth of a river, no m sw Serin-
gapatam, dud 130 ssEMangalore. Lon.
75 5^ B, lat. II izN.

C AL

California, a peninlula of N America^
in the Pacific ocean ; (iparatcd from the
w coal! of America by the Vermillion
fea, ur gulf ol California, and extending
NW from lat. 23 to ^ j N. It was dil-
covered by Cortes, in i S36 ; and is fuid
to have been vifiled by fir Francis Drake,
in 1578. The peninllilu is cciual to
England in extent oi territory, out the
P 'puLilion is not fo great as the town
of Ipl'wich. A chain of mountains
extends its whr)'e leiiij;th, of which the
moft c'evated, the Cerro de la Oiganta,
is from 4600 to 5000 feet, and appears
to be of volcanic oriuin. The moun-
tains are inhabited by a ("pecies of goat»
called berendos, "^hich leap, like the
ibex, with the head downwanl, and,
like the chamois, have ilie horns curved
backward. The Iky here is conOantly
fcrenc, and of a det p blue, md rately
any clouds; but the earth, unfortu-
nately, is not fo b-autiful. The foil is
landy and arid, vegetation is at a Itand,
and rain is very nnrrerjuent. J'here
are ftfw fprings, fome of which iflTue
from naked rocks ; '.>ut where Iprings
and earth happen to be together, the
fertility of tl»e (oil is immenli*. In thefe
points, of which the number is inconfi-
derable, the jefuits, toward theclofe of
the ryth century, eftabliflied their firlt
miflions. Maize vegetates vigoroufly,
and the vine yields an excellent grape,
of which the wine refembles that of the
Canary iflands ; but the general nature
of the Ibil will never be able to fupport
a great population. Ttie jtfuits in a
very few years built fixtecn villages In
the interior ; and in 1750 the Spanifli
fettlements were very confiderable.
Since the expulfion of the jefuits, in
1767, the guvernment of the peninlula
has been confided to the Dominican
monks of the city of Mexico, who
have been unfiiccefsful in their eftablifli-
ments. The villages of the mifliuns are
now reduced to IJxteen, in whiih there
are not above 5000 native cultivators;
and the number of favages, difperfed iti
other parts, Icarcely amounts to 4000.
The pearl fifliery on the coaft is valua-
ble ; but it has no mines of a promif-
ing appearance. The principal place is
Loreio.

Calitoor, a fortrefs of the ifland of
Ceylon, at the mouth of a river of the
fame name, 28 m s Columbo.

Calix, a town of hweden, in W Both-
nia, on a river of the fame name, near
its entrance into the gulf of Bothnia, iz
m w Tornea.

Callah, a town of Algiers, in the pro-
vince of Mafcara, which has a cor.fider-

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i

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■ft,\

fl 'i

* ;^'^*I^^^

fl

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I ' , \)M\ iiSjn

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CAL

tbie tradcf K' d thcgr at ft mirket for
carpets ill the country. It is 40 m r.
Or.in.

CtiilanJer, » town of ScDtl.inil, In
rcrthihin?, with a crinfulfralile in.inii-
fadhiro of miiilin ; Icatnloii botii i'uWn
of the IVith, over which \» a briiljii-,
JO m wsw I'crth.

Callanorff a town of Ilindoorian, in
the province of Lahore, ^o m f. I/ihorc.

Caltnoy a fiaport ot Peru, with ii guod
hirbour, nnd a large and late ro.id de-
fciidtd by the iflamls Cailao and St.
Laurence. In the port cvi*ry ctimmo-
dity is to be procured that vellelii may
be III need of. The town was totally
dcftroyed by an earthtpiake, in 1746,
but has been rebuilt a little further from
the Tea. It is feated 011 a river of the
lame name, 5 m w Lima, of which it
ii the port. Lon. 76 54 w, lat. 11 as.

t'alle, or Cala, a town of Algiers, in
tlic province of Conftantina, furrounded
by a wall that has three gatci. Here is
a coral filhery, and a trade in pmin,
wool, leather, and wax. In the vicinity
ire woods of excellent oak. It Hands
on .1 rock, almoft furrounded by the lija,
36 m n by n Bona-

ValUn, a borough of Ireland, in the
County of Kilkenny, lom sw Kilkenny.

CalUanee, a town of Hindoodan, 111
Dowlatabad ; the houfes built of roll*
wood, and covered with thatch. It is
(eatcd near the Kaknah, 74 m w Btder,
and 150 ssE Aurungabad.

Cailini^ton, a boroup:h in Cornwall,
with a market on Wedncfday, and a
manufadure of cloth ; lituate on the
Lynher, la m s Launceftnn, and 216
w by s London.

Calloma, a town of Peru, celebrated
fur its filver mines, 70 m n by e Arc-
quipa, and 170 s Cufco.

CaUoo, a fortrefs of the Netherlands,
in the territory of Wats, on the Scheldt,
5 m IV Antwerp.

(Jalmart a leaport of Sweden, in
Smoland, capital of adiftridtofitsname.
It is celebrated as the place where the
deputies of Sweden, DenniarK', and
Norway were appointed to aflTemble for
the election of a king, according to the
Union of Calmar. On an eminence,
near the town, is the ancient c.iftle,
now converted into a diflillery. The
chief exports are planks, alum, and
hemp. It is {eated near the Haltic, 40
ir N^ E Carllcrona, and 190 ssw Stock-
holm. Lon. 16 22 E, lat. 56 38 N.

CalminOi an ifland of the Archipe-
lago, near the coaft of Afia, 7 m
Mw Stanchio. Lon. 26 46 e, lat.
36 156 N.

CAM

Citint,, a borotigh in Wiltlhire, with
a miikct nn'l'uclday The chief nianu-
iaciturc in cloth, and in the vicinity are
many fulling and corn mills. It i» leatrd
on a river ot" ihc liime name, i', m ■
Urillol, ami 8H w London.

('altura, a town on the w coall of
Ceylon, with a fort. A j-'icit quantity
of arrack is made here, ami oilier manu-
fadiin-s carrieil on. It UaniN at the
mouth of a large branch of ilie Muli.
waddy, 28 in s by e Columbo. Lon.
795ft e, lat. 6 44 N.

( iilvados, a department of France,
including part of the bite province of
Normandy. It is lb called from a ridge
of rockn of the lame name extending n
m,near the coall of what was heretofore
calh'd Normandy. Caen is the capital,

Valvi, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Lavoro, 8 m N Capua.

iUilvi, a town of Corfica, on a craggy
mountain and gulf of the liime name,
with a Itronp fortrels and a good har.
bour. It was taken by the Knglilh in
1794. It is 38 m Wflw Baftia.

< W/tzv, a town of Suabia, in the duchy
of Wirtembilrg, with a porcelain ma-
nufaif^ure, and a great trade in llufi>,.
It in 2o m sw Stutgard.

Ccilzada, a town of Spain, in Old
CalUle, formerly the (i^c of a bifliop.
united to Calahorra. It is 45 m w
Calahorra.

Cam, a river that rills in Hertford-
Ihire, flows by Cambridge into the ille
of Ely, and there joins the Oufe, to
which river it is navigable from Cam-
bridge.

Cattmna, a town of Peru, capital of
a jurifdidlion. It is filuate on a river
of the fame name, near the Pacific
ocean, 70 m w Arequipa.

C'amarun, an ifland of Arabia, in the
Red lea, where there is a fifliery for
white coral and pearl oyfters. Lon. 42

21 b, lat. 15 6 N.

Camaret, a town of France, in the
department of Finifterre. In an ex|!i'-
dition againft Breft, in 1694. the Englifti
landed here, and loft a great number
of men. It Hands on a bay of the fame
name, 8ms Breft.

Camargue, an ifland, or cluftcr of
illands, of France, in the moutl'.s of
the Rhone, leparatcd by canals, and
fortified. The whole contain Bo Iqune
m ; the land is fertile, but the air n
unwholefome.

C'am/uit, the fonthernmoft province
of Abyffinia, inhabited by a people caii-
ed Seb-a-adja. who are a mixture of|
pagans, Chriftians, and Mohamcdani.
It is abundant in fruits.

Camhaif, a (
dooftan, in the
Aandson a gul
was the Camaii
tlirec bi/.ar*, a
capable of fiip
with water in
drought. Itiipr
are confidcrah
aboundh in cor
cornelian and a
its rivers. The
forenibfoidery.
of which it ii tl
lat. 2j 17 N.

Camberf^, a t(
county of NalTa
rn K by s NalTa
i'ainbletown \
Cambodiat or
Afia, bounded
Cochinchinaancj
fea, and w by S
/ftos by therii
dia, which annij;
try in the rain]
and Odiober. Iti
the fame with t
tween the tropi
fiibftance ftyled
Camboja gum,
tint. Though a
the inhabitants a
jion is idolatry,
neral well made,
yellow complex]
long and large J
women is Ihorte]
handfome, but
Fiufacfture very
needlework is
country about
the prefent cent!
Cochinchina. \
(Cambodia, or|
the kingdom of L
river Mecon, orl
its mouth. Lonl
Cambravf a fcf
npital of the]
with a citadel a|
an archiepilcopj
bilhopric. Thel
cambric, lace, ij
featedonthcScIf
I-on. 3 14 E, laj

25 "1 in length ;]
« hy Hainault,
Artois. It is nc
partment of Nol
Cambridge^ IhJ
Oiire, andliiatof

CAM

Cambaif, a confiderablc city of Ilin-
dooftan, in thcproviiicc of" Gu/erat. It
ft;»iid8 on a gult of the f;imf nami*, and
was tlu' Ciinane* of I'tolptny. IliToan*
tlirt'c hr/.an, and four public cillcrns,
rap.ibli- of Cupplyiiig thi; whole town
with water in tiinfs of the Rrcittfl
drought. ItiprodudUand otinufatiluri's
arc confidc'rab!*! ; for the country
aboiindit in corn, cattle, and lilk ; and
cornelian and agate floncs arc found in
its rivcrH. The inhabitants ar«; noted
fort-nibtoidfry. It is 50 m s Amcilabad,
uf which it it the port. Lon. 72 34 v.,

lat. 32 17 N.

Camberf[, a town of Germany, in the
county of Naflau, fituatc on a hill, 17
rn K by s NaflTau.

I'ambletoiun ; fee Campbeltoivn.

(Jambodia, or Camboja, a kingdom of
Afia, bounded on the N by Lao, e by
CochinchinaandCiampa, shy the China
Tea, and w by Siam. It is divid<'d from
^ to s by the river Mecon, or Cambo-
dia, which annually overflows thecoun-
try in the rainy lealbn, between June
and Odlobei'. Its produdlioni arc much
the fame with thole ufually found be-
iwpen the tropics; and that peculiar
fubftauce ftylcd gamboge, or ratht-r
Camboja gum, yielding- a fint- yellow
tint. Though a country rich l-y nature,
the inhabitants are few; and their rdi-
jion is idolatry. The men are in ge.
neral well made, with long hair, and a
yellow complexion ; their drci's is a
long and large robe : the drefs of the
women is fliorter and clofer ; they arc
handfome, but immodcft. Tlicy ma-
nufadlure very fine cloth, and their
needlework is much elleemed. This
country about the commencement of
the prefent century became I'ubjeft to
Cochinchina.

Cambodia, or Levek, the capital of
the kingdom of Cambodia, feate d on the
river Mecon, or Cambodia, 230 m from
itsmouth. Lon. 104 50 e, lat. 13 on.

Cambray, a fortified city of France,
capital of the department of Nord,
with a citadel and fort. It was lately
an archicpifcopal (ee, but is now onh a
bilhopric. The chief manufa*Jture9 are
cambric, lace, Ibap, and leather. It is
feated on the Scheldt, loa m nne Paris.
Lon. 3 14 E, lat. 50 II N.

Cambrefis, a late province of France,
25 m in length ; bounded on the n and
Js by Hainault, s by Picardy, and w by
Artois. It is now included in the de-
partment of Nord.

Cambridge^ the capital of Cambridge-
Oiire, and Icat of a celebrated uniTcrfity.

CAM

It ii a borough, governed by a mayor,
and has a market on VVcdiicfd.iy and
Saturday. The townh.dl and Ihire-
houfe arc the only buildings of not«
that do not belong to the univiTlity.
The county gaol u the g.itehoule of an
ancient caftir, built by William f. In
the market place, which e^nliUt of two
Ipacious oblong li^uaren, uiiiltd to-
gether, is Ilolifon conduit, which is
coiidantly running. Mere are i4parilli
churches, three diflVnting mi-eting>
houfcH, and a fynagogue. The num-
ber of inhabitants was lo.oH; in iKoi|
and ii,jo8 in 1S13, The trideconiifli
chiefly in oil, iron, and corn. The uui-
vctliiyiH fuppolird tohavebtTU fianidcJ
during the heptarchy. It contains t a
colleges, and four halls, which have
equal privileges with the colleges. The
colleges are, Peterhoufe. Corpus Chrifti,
or Renet, Gouville and Caius, Kings,
(Queens, Jedis, Chrift, St- John, Mag-
dalen, Trinity, Kmanuel, and Sidney-
Suflt-'X. The halls are Clare, Pembroke,
Trinity, and Catherine. Of the colleges,
Peterhoufe is the mod ancient, being
founded in 1257. Kings college is the
noblelt foundation in Kurope, and the
chapel one of the finelt pitcesof G 'thic
archiletfturc in the world. The library,
chapel, &c. of Truiity college juftly
place it in the firft rank. The other
ftruiJtures beloiijiing to the univerlity
are the fenatc houli', which, with St.
Mary's church, the Ichools, theuniver-
fity library, and other buildings, form a
noble fquare. Here i.s alio a botanical
garden, and a general hofpital, called
Addenbrookc, from the name of the
founder. In a field 2 m ne of the town,
and under the juvildidtion of the uui-
verfity, is hold an annual fair, called
Stourbridge or Sturbich Fair, which
commences on the 7th of S»;ptcmber,
and continues a fortnight. Cambridge
is feated on the river Cam, 17 ms Ely,
and 51 M by E Loudon. Lon. o 4 e,
lat. 52 12 N.

CambrUget a town of Msflachufcts,
in Micidlefex county, with a handibnie
court-houle, and a feminary, called
Harvard Univerfity, one of the firll lite-
rary inftitutlons in America. It Itands
on Charles river, over which is a bridge
to the s; and 4 m to the w is another,
by which it is connected with Bolton.

Cambridge^ a fortified town of S Ca-
rolina, capital of the diltrift of Ninety-
fix, with a court-houfe and a college.
Near this place, then called Ninety-fix,
the Britilh troops were defeated by the
Americans in 178 1. It is 60 m w by k

M ♦<

I , :i1

i; :'. yiu.

r V'».; '■■

Jr

h'lj

;\

"' '-if-

C A M

Columbia, and 140 nw Ch.irli'fton

Lod' Hi ,v> w> I'lt- 34 V "

Cambri'ijff, n town of Miryland,
chlrfoi nou'hcltrr county, fitii.ur on
tli<> Cli()pt ink, t.< in from its ntoiith in
Chcf.ipiMk bny, and 6.^ n Ki' ion. Lon.
76 10 w. lat. .|H |8 N.

i'(tmhriJ\felhire, a county ..'.ngl.ind,
hoiiiul>'d|oii tilt Nw by LiiiL.ii 'iiirc, nk
l>y Norfolk, c. I»y Suffolk, s by KlIinHnd
Ili-rtforMlliire. .tuI w by ibt* counties of
lliintiiir^don, Hollord, and Northamp-
ton- It i« 50 m long and as b'oul.con-
tiiiii 4^),o4^ acres; in diviJrd into 15
liiindredH, .ind 161 pirilhc ; li.i« a city,
a tiniveriity, and U markot-towus ; and
O'lids fix uu'mbcrs to parlianntit The
iiutnbcr of inhatiitants wa!« 89,^46 in
1801, and lot, 107 in iBij- T' e prin-
cipal rivf rH art' tht; Onle, Nen, and Cam.
The foiithi rn and caftcrn parts an* plea-
i'.int and hcaltliy ; but the nothtrn part,
called the file of Ely, is low and fenny,
from the conflui'nce of many riven. All
tho waters of the middle part of Eng-
land, which do not flow into the
Tliamrs or the Trent, run in'o thrle
fens ; and in the latter part of the year,
thfy are fometimes overflowed by water,
or appear covered with fogs. Sec Bed-
ford t^ctiel.

Catfi6ri//a, or Cambrilles, a town of
Spain, in Catalonia, furroundcd by a
wall, and feated near the fca. 14 m w
by s Tarragona.

Camden^ adiftri(ft of S Carolina, com-
prehending the counties of Fairfiold,
Richland, Clarcmlon, Claremont, Ker-
fhaw, Salem, and Lancafter. It pro-
duces corn, tobacco, and cotton.

Camden, a town of S Carolina, in
Kerfliaw county, capital of Camden
diftridt. It was the fcenc of two battles
in the American war ; one in 1780, be-
tween lord Cornwallis and general
Gates, and the other in 17P1, between
lord Rawdon and ucneral Greene. It
ftands on the river Wateree, or Cataw-
ba, by means of which the inhabitants
carry on a trade with the back country.
It is 35 m NE Columbia. Lon. 8054
w, lat. 34 la N,

Camden^ a town of the diftridl of
Maine, in Lincoln county, on the w
fide of Penobfcot bay, 36 m ene Wif-
caiTet. Lon. 69 20 w, lat- 44 to n.

Camel, a river in Cornwall, which
rifeij 1 m K of Camelford, flows s al-
moft ic Bodmin, and then kw to Pad-
ftow, where it enters f.ie Briftol chan-
nel. Its banks were the fcene of fome
bloGviy battles between the Britons and
Saxons.

CAM

Cnmelhri, a borough In Cornw ill,
eovi rni'd Ity a mayor, wtih a market on
Friday A great (lu.nility ot yarn ii
rpiiM in Ihiit pl.i('i' and iti« iirit<hbourh< >od.
It \\ ieatrd on th«- C.imel, 14 m w
Latinctlton, and 1:8 w by 1 London.

('nnifrhio, a town of Ititly, in the
maiipiilate of Arcona, and an arch-
bilhop's ft'c. It in fcat'd on a moun-
tain, near the rivir Chiento, 17 ni hw
Anona. Lon. 13 o ». Itt 4.5 15 n.

i'amitt, a (♦•aport of Further Pomc«
rania, and onci* a bifhop'n ffe, which
was freulari/ed at the \>yAi:f of Weft,
phali.ii but it dill han a tine cathe-
dral and a chapter. Hh navigation and
commi'ree .it'- very exlenfivc, and it
has a Kreat trade in beer. It ftand.s on
the Diwtnow, or i-. month of the Odcri
oppofifc the ifle of Wolliii, 25 ni n
Stettin. Lon. 14 m v., lat. 5.) 54 n.

('(ntiiiil'.n, A town of Portugal, in En.
tre Douro e Mmho, with a fort ; feated
at the mouth of the Miitho, i> m n<
Vijna.

Campii}(nn, or Campania, a town of
N.iples, III Principato Citra, 40 \n *%
Naples.

Campaj^na di Rcma, anciently La.
tium, a province of Italy, in the Lcclc-
fialtical State, extending 60 m st along
the Mediterranean, to the frontiers of
Naples. I'oimerly the bed peopled
and beft cultivated fpot in the world,
few villages, litde cultivation, and
fcarcely any inhabitants (except in the
capital and its neighbourhood) are now
to be feeii ; nothing, in (hort, but the
fcattered ruins of temples and tombs,
which prefent the idea of a country de-
populated by pellilence. Rome is the
capital.

Campfie/toKvrtt or Cambleto^un, a bo.
rough and fcaport of Scotland, in Ar-
gylefhire, fituate on a bay toward the s
extremity of the peninfula of Cantyre.
It has a con fidcrable trade in coal and the
diflillation of whilky, befide being the
general rendezvous of the finiing vtf-
fels that annually vifit the w coaft. The
number of inhabitants was 7093 ii>
1801, and 7807 in 1811. It is 65 m
ssw Inverary. Lon. 5 3* w, lat. 55
26 N.

Campden, a corporate town in Glou-
ceftirfliire, with a market on Wednef-
day, 22 m NE Glouccfter, and 90 wnw
London.

Campeachy, a town of New Spain,
in Jucatan, on the w coaft of the bay
of Campeachy, defended by ftrong
forts. The port is large, but (hallow;
and the chief exports are logwood and

W.1V. It WAR taken b/ the CngllDi In
16.V). I»y the liuco;)ncr*r!«in lAjMi^ndhy
tlic .ii'ebduliTii f)fSt. D(>minj{^J "' '^H^.
It ii<>H ni Nvv Mcrkl.i. I.on yo ji W,
lit. 19 51 s.

i'amft<n, a town of ifollanil, in Over-
yHVI, with a ii»a»l«'l, and n port .iltnolt
thnkiil lip. It \i fiMtfd nrar tlw mouth
of* the Ynll, on the Zuider Zee, 8 m

WNW '/Wuli.

( 'timprrtU.n, n town of Sn.iin, In Cata-
Intiia, at the foot of the ryiem-en. and
on the liver T«t, 45 m n IJircelona.
Lon. a I ft \v, |,it. 44 o v.

Ctim/to Riij/o, a town of Naplea, In
the coiiniy of Molifc. In iUo<i it fnf-
fered greatly hy an «Mrth<|u.iki', and mod
of the InhahitantB wcrcdi'ftroyi'd. It has
a confukTahic traije in article* of cut-
lery, and iH 13 m s Molife.

Campo i'otniio, a town of Italy, In
Friiili, when* a treaty of ()e.ict' was
concluded hetw<'en the Aultrians and
Trench in 1797. It i« 2 m swUdina.

Camfio May Oft a fortified town of Por-
tugal, in Alt iitejo. It lurrcndercd to the
French in 181 1. It i» 14 m n hy k Elvas.

Campo St. Pfitro, a town and e iftle
of Italy, in Padnaiio, un the liver Men-
fon, 12 m N Padua.

Campe/it a town of Naples, in
Ahruz/o Ultra, 2,] m n hy k Aquila.

Ceimpjie, a village of Scotland, on the
s confine!) of Stirlinglhire, 9 in n Glaf-
gow. It has fomc exienllvc print-fieldg,
and other manufadlurcs.

Canaan, a town of Connedicut, in
Lichfield county, fituaie on the Ilou/k-
tonic, 30 m nw Hartford.

Canaan, a town of the diflrift of
Maine, in Lincoln county, fituatc on
the Kcnncbeck, 60 m n Wifcalfet.

Canada, a large country of N Ame-
rica, hounded on the n hy New Hritain,
E by Labrador and the gulf of St. Law-
rence, s by New Hrunfwick and the
United States, and w by unknown lands.
It was difcovercd by John and Sebadian
Cabot, father and fon, in 1497 ; and
was fettled by the French in 1608. The
fummer here is very hot, and winter
continues for fix months very fevcrc;
but the fudden tranfitions from heat to
cold, fo common in the United States,
are not known in Canada, and the fea-
ibns are nrwre regular. The unculti-
vated parts are a continued wood, in
which are many kinds of trees unknown
in Europe ; hut the land that is cleared
is fertile, and the progrcfs of vegetation
fo rapid, that wheat fowed in May is
reaped in Auguft. Of all the animals,
the beaver is the mod ufeful and cu-
fious. Canada turpentine is greatly

CAN

eftecmedfor it.ib;dfaniic()U4l!tte«. Thi<
Country abounds with roal, and neat
Quebec is .t flue leul mine The dil-
ti-reut trilict of Indians, or original na-
tives, in Canada, arc .tImoA inniiniPr*
able I but they have been obfcrved to
ili'creafc in popiil.uion where the Eu-
nipcani are nioft numerous, owini;
chiefly to their immodcratf ufe of fpl-
ritui>u» liijuorx Canada w.ii conoucr.
ed by the EiiKlifh In 1759, and confirm-
ed to them by the Fnnch at the pc.ice
of 1761. In 1791, this country was di-
vided into two provinces, (fpper and
Lower Cinada, which have fiiice m.ide
great progn fn in population and agri-
culture. Upper Canada is dc«med the
garden of America, and not fubjeil to
the extreme heat or cold of the lower
province. The chief prodiidts for ex-
portation are flour, wheat, pofalh, oak
and pine timber, maftx, Itavrs, planks,
ami firewood. The principal inconve-
niences to which this province is fubjed
arc the fills and rapids of the St. Law-
rence, which impede the navigation be-
tween Kingflon and Montreal. Lower
Canada is tree from fuch impediments ;
and to the export articles above enu-
merated may be added pea<, barley,
malt, cured hfli.and furs. York in the
upper province, and Ciucbcc in the
lower, are the chief townn.

Canajohary, a town of New York,
in Montgonncry county. Its vicinity
abounds with apple-trees, planted by
the Mohawk Indi.ins, from which is
made cider of an excellent cpiality. It
Itands on a creek of the fame name, on
Mohawk river, 35 m n e Cooperftovvn,
and 56 WNW Albany.

Canal, Duke of Dridgeiuater's, in
England, the firft grand work of the
kind in the kingdom, begun in 1758.
It commenced at Wordey, 7 m from
Manchefler, where, at the foot of a
mountain compofed of coal, a bafin is
cut, containing a great body of water,
which ferves as a refervoir 10 the navi-
gation. The canal runs under a hill
from this bafin, about 1 300 yards, to the
coal works. At Barton bridge, 3 nifrom
the bafin, is an aquedudt, which, for up-
ward of aoo yards, conveys the canal
acrofsthe riverlrwell ; it has threearchcs
over the river, and the middle one will
admit the largeft barges to pafs through
with mafts and fails flanding At Long-
ford bridge, the canal turns to the right,
and crofTing the iMerfey, pafTes near Al-
tringham, Dunham, Grapcnhall, Kaul-
ton, into the tide way of the Mcrfey, at
Runcom Gap, when? barges can come
into the canal from Liverpool, at lovr

M if- '

NiU ', I

w

:\

^i ',',

fi *'

II

t !

C \S

water. ThU n«vip.itinti ii mnr<> ihAn
•9 m in IrnKth i atnl it i« now rx'rnilfti
J m fnrtlifc, frum Wotfl" y i«» I.' Ik'i.

('ttitnl, Orand, nr lml>i-ti(tl. In Oin.i,
■ ftiipcniliiiit work, which «xtniil« from
M to 1 tipwAttl of 41.) m. from the
river Kn ho, n little n of 'long tchAiis,
in ClianyiunKi to ll.inc'i tchoii, la
Trlii'-lki.ing. Ill thii coiirfr it riiti .it
right ii.^kI'^ frvrr.ii river* from the w,
th«? (inai\*r rtrc.im* of which trrml
noting in itt iiffonl .t conllint ftipply of
witcr I unil tht thrfe i^rt'M rivi-n, ilie
I'll ho to ihi! north, »lii' llih.in ho about
tiK mttlJlc, ;intl the Kiin-kii tnw.»ril
the font h, InterlV^ling the c.umI, cirry
llio I'liprriluiiUH w^t^•r to the f«M M.my
iliiVuiiltir* mull hive avilrn in .itvom-
motlating the ffriicr.il level of tlic c tiiii
to the i'ever,il Irveli of thi* ftctling
ftrramij for it has lien: foiirul ncci'lfiry
in many pl.ic»;», to cut lo the tiopth of
60 cr ;o icct l>cl i\v liu* (urface ; anvi in
others to raifc motiiulK of c.irth upon
bkei, fw.imps, and n-.trlhy griuirds,
of ^nwi liMigth and m,ij;iiitui!e. Thcl'i.*
gigantic einhankmeiiti arc c'.irried
through lakes of iVvcral milcA in di«
inuter, bflwccn which the watrr is
ktpt to a heiRlit conliilir.thly above
th.it uf the lake ; niul in fiicli fituations
tliii c'lionnous aquediK'l fometimeii
i;liditt along at the latc of tbicc miles
an h>'Ur. Few parts of it .ir<.> level : in
fomc places it has liitle or no currnit ;
in 01 hers it feti to the n and s altei'-
natcly at thi? rate of one, two, or three
miles an hour. The balancing of tht*
level is cffc(Jk'd by ilood-g.ites thrown
iicrofs at certain tliltarces to elevate or
dcprrfs the height of tlie water a few
inches, as appears neciirary, and by
fluicco on the fides of ihf embank-
ments, through which the fuporfluoiis
water is let out i:ito tin* lakes iind
fwMinps. The lloodi;ate8 are fimply
planks Hiding in jrooves that arc cut
into the lidcs of two Hone piers, which
in thcfc places contradl the canal to the
width of about 30 feet ; and at each is a
guard-houfe, with foldicrs to draw up
and let down the planks as occafion re-
quires. From the Ilulun-ho to the
Kian-ku the cr.untry abounds in lakes
and marlby ground, and the canal is
carried in fomo parts 20 I'eet above the
level of the country, 200 ftct in width.
There is not a lock, nor, except the
floodgate.s, a finj^le interruption to the
whole navigation.

Canal, Grand JunSiion, in England,
a work th it Joins feveral other canals in
the centre of the country, which thence
^rm a communication between the

CAM

riven Th«mri, flcvrrn, Merfcf, iitd
Trent, and, confecpu-nity, an InUmt
n>ivi|{;iiii»ti to the four piineip.il fr^*
ports, London, HriHol, Liverpool, ami
lliill This eatial eomnicnce* at Mraun*
fton, on the w bonier* of N>>rth.-*.mp<
tntilhirc, pairrs by I).iv>nlry ti> Slonf
Stratford \n UiK'kiiit(h.i'»lhirr> tbrncR
on the ootilbii'i of Ucibordlbire, w of
Liinhtoii Uii/./.ird, to TiiiiK, McrUham.
(ted, and Ki> kininfworlh, in tlcrtforc|.
(hire, iind throiiftb Miiliilefen by UX'
bridge to Hniitlord, where it enters
the Th.irnfi, 1: m by th.U riirer aliovn
London. It is* upw.ird of 90 m in
UnRth.

C'litt/il, (hand Tn4ui, in Knglan<l, $
wor\ di.u fiirmi a eommiinio.ition be-
twien the river* MeiiVy and Trent,
anil, in courfc, between the Irilh l«;i
nml the (rn nun OiCin. It* Icngili
is ()i m tVoi) the duke of I)riilge<
water'H canal, it Pielton ini the Hill, in
t'he(birc. to VViUlonferty, in I)<rby-
(hire, where it communicates wiib thff
Trent. 'Fhc canal is carried over the
river D'lve, in :iii aqucduOt of i\ archc.i,
and over the Trent by an a<|tiedu«.'t of
lix arches. At I'reltoii on the Hill, it

?i.iiri"i under giotind 12)1 yanh ; nt
iarton aiul in the neighbourhood it
has two fubteiraiieoiiM paHajje* ; an(l
at llarecallle-hill, in StAHbrdlliire, it it
conveyed under gtoiind i'AHo yarda.
From the neighbourhood of Stallord, a
branch in maile from this canal, to run
near Wolverhampton, and to join the
Severn near Hewdley : iVoin this again
other branches croU VV.irwicklhire to
Braiinilon, where commences the (Jrand
Jundion canal to the Thames at DiliU*
find.

Canal, Girnt, in Scotland, a work that
forms a juiit!)ion between the I'orth and
Clyde. Its length is j/; tn, from the in-
flux of the Cirron, at Grangemouth, to
the juinflion with the Clyde, ft m above
Dumbarton. In the conrfe of this navi-
gation, the vcflels are railed to the height
of 14 1 feet above the level of the fea, and
palling afterward upon the fumniit of
the country, for 18 m, Ihey then dc-
feend into tiic river Clyde, and thence
have free accels to llu* Atlantic ocean.
This canal i.s carried over 36 rivers and
rivulets, and two great roads, by 38
aquedndts of hewn ftone. In iome
places it p.ifTes through mofTy ground,
and ill others through foliil rock. 'Ihe
road from Edinburg to Glalgow paflti
under it near Falkirk, and over it, by
means of a drawbridge, 6 m from Glaf-
gow. In the courfe of this inland navi-
gation are many itriking Icenes ; parii-

ananore, a town

CAN

ntUrlf lhc< rnm.iiitic ntiMiion of tht ftii*
pi riitiiud rti|iiiilud of I'lHir Nrcbff« o«»y

tlic Ki'lviii, ruMr OMlgnw, 410 frrt In
Inigth, carrying 4 ifrcit artiflci.!! river
o*rr » nntur.il one, where vcflrli ol 9)
(on* fill at the hti({Ht of 6j trrt alxivit
the IkiI of the rivrr \,v\ow. T^il* coin-
ntiiiiiratioii lutwixt) the (}crm.ui iiml
Ail.iiilic iKT.inn, i»i Ihi' ftmimcu"' of
(h iI ttrit.iir) 4ru| lirl.inti, to Norw.iy,
hwi'iUii, and ihc IViltii:. Oiorteiu the
niiiiic.tl itill.incc ill lii.ric iiiU4itc<'i Boo|
iii>l in (itlxTi ID o mili't.

( <j' .</ l{ot/,i/, or ( 'ttnai of Langufiloc,
\.\ Fr Mii-«*. .1 work th.it cft'cOtit an iiil.iiul
I' xtimiinicitioii hctwet'O the Mrttitcr'
riiii'.ui .Mill Atl.iniK:. I'loin the port of
L'cttf, ill lh«' Mcilittrraiie.iit, it crotren
i!ie I tke of IV' 11 \ and, htlow T"iiioiirc,
it comrryed '.>y fhrit,' lliiicii into Iho
(iiri)iini'. At St. I'Vrreol, iH'.ir Ki-vi'l,
between two rocky hills, ii .1 f,XM\i\
balitii .ihovc 1000 iVct in di.tmetcr, into
wliicli th<- rivulet L.iudot it received ;
and hence three lirge cockiof cafl hrnf*
(iptn and dilch.irnc the water, which
then ^ocH under tho nam»' of the river
Uttdot, and contiiuieit iti couric to
llic cin.il callfd Uittoli; do l.i I'l.iino.
Thence it is conveyed to another ri Ici*
voir nr.ir N.uirouiV, out of which ii is
cor.Tt'ycd by lluioen, hoth to the Mcdi-
ii'rt.uie.ui .ind Atlantic, an tin. '-anal rc-
i;iiir<'i» It i this hfin^ th«; hi^^hclt point
hitween the two iVa)). Neai JJfziers
ail' right Unices, which form a regular
jiij grand cifcadc, 916 fe«'t long and 66
tctt high, hy which vcnV'ls croii the
liver ()rbe,ai)d conlinnetheir voyage on
ihfcan.il. Above it, lu-tween Hi'/ici-*
Jiul Capeihin, is the Mal-l'an, wlitn? the
aniil is conveyed, for liic Icngtli of 720
I'rct, under a niotmtain. At i\^\^Q is a
iMitid lluicf, with three opening*, ihree
(lilicnnt depths of the water inctlinK
hrt;; and the gates are Ii) conirivi-d,
thil vi'ir.lH may pal'> through hy open-
ing which Ihiicethenviftcr pieafciJ. The
ciiial has ,^7 .Kpiedutfls, and its length
from Toiiloiile to Uc/iers, where it
joins tJK' river Orbe, is 152 in.

CimtiHihi/iun, A town tjt New York,
chict' ot Ontario comity, fuiiate on the
^ end of a lake of the lame name, at
itf outlet into Canandaqua crei'k, wliich
I runs t; into Seiiecu rivir. .'I'lie l.ikifis
:o m long and j bro.ul. 1 he town
itiiiilson a pleaiant rife from the lake,
l«j m tsK Niagara, and 130 w by n
|Co(ipprilown.

^'aiiattore, :\. town of Ilinilooflan, in
iMalabar, defended by a fortrel-s with
ntlicr works after the Europ'.au fidhion.

CAN

It ii the hf4J(|iiuier« of iht prnviiicf»
hat fevtral very ko<hI hmit«» ami •
noiirilhing irmti'. |( lt.itiil* on a Inidl
biy, on** of thf Ih II on (he co.ili. v* "*
HMw Calicut. l<on. 75 jo i, lilt.

t'tin/trat a province on the w cmll in
lliiidoollMi, lati ly InSji t'l to the x'lient
ot MyAne, on whole dctiat .iiid «l«aiht
in iroc), ii C'tnii? Into the hand* ot th«
Rritiih. It ii iH:) in in Un^th, betvveen
the Concin and M il I'.or, «iid irom 49
to II) in l)r<'adth. 'lln* loil is fcrdtci
and It produoMahnnd.inci'Ot rice, hctiU
niitx, .ind wild nutim-^i. 'I'Uv pmici*
p.il poit i< M ina.(tiir<-.

( iiniirhi, or lirtinit <'<f <!»■//. thr« priii'
cipal of the Canary ill.in>l<, winch ((ivc*
n«mc to the whole, ami ii Ihc I't.it vi
government. It is 40 m lon^ and 20
broid i th'.* midilie pot very nunintalii.
own, In that oiii' lide i» lomttimei Itormy,
whik' the other is (piitc calm- The nir
Is ti-mpt*iate, the water plentiful and
good, and it has abundance of herb^i and
delicious fiiiit.K II(*re are two whi*.-ir
harvells, in IMiriiary and May ( and the
corn m.ik< 9 bread as white ai I'now. A
greil (piantity of lig if in niiiL* hirr ;
and of thi.' wine c.iilcil Sick, which is
hence often ti-rrned Canary. Tlwre are
great plenty of hoincil cittlc poultry,

t)ig-,ons, niul paitruli^M ; .uiil Caiiair
) rilx, with lom«! oilurs of (he fime
fi/i', Icldom vitit any of the Caiiaiics,
except tiiis ill iiul and Ferro, which an*
the moll foiitluMly. Th'j chici town is
Canary.

('(inuriett or Vannri/ Ijiar.ht anciently
c lied die Fortunate Ml iiidH,aic thirteen
in number, lying in the i\ Atl.intic
ocean, near the continent of Afiica*
Seven of th' m are conlideralile, namely,
Palma, F^iro, (lomera, TenerilT, Ca-
iiari'i, i'ortevt ntiira, and Lar.cirota ;
the other fix itc very Imall, Oraciof;!,
Roccn, Allegranza, St. Clare, Inferno,
and Lobos. They I elong to the Spani-
ards, and produce corn, filk, tobacco,
(ugar-canes, and fxcellcnt wine.

t'anutt/, or l*al»ios, the capital of
the idand of Canaria, antl a biiliop's ftf,
with a caille on a hill. It is 3 m in cir-
cumference, and the relidciice of the go-
vernor and liivereigii council of the C.i-
naries. Lon. 15 41 w, lat. 2S 4 n.

Canrii/c, a town of France, in the de-
partmf;nt of Mo and Vilaiiie, I'eattd ou
a bay of its n.inie, and celebranil for
oyllers. The Ennlilh l.iiuK'd here in
1758, and proceeded by lanil to burn
the Ihips at St. Malo. It i^ 9 lu t Si.
Malo, .Tiid 40 NNW Rciincs.

4

M-

['■■*

M

i

lit

t I

ft

■ .i« .f J.; .

' ,T

M

CAN

Cundahar, a countiy of Afia, between
the river Indus .iiid Perlia, bounded on
the N by Cabul, e by Lahorr, se by
Moiiltan, and w by Scgill.in. Tlu' do-
minions of the fultan of this country,
extend wftward to the neighbourhood
of thccityof TcrfhiOi ; including Cabul,
Pcifhore, Ghiani, Gaur, S«'giftan, and
Chorafan ; a XxAti not Itfs than 650
m in length, its breadth unknown ;
and, on the ; fide of the Indur., he pof-
fcflcs the territory of Cafhmcre, and
fome didriifts N or tin >.ity of Attock.
Thefe countries are all called by the
general uanii' of the Country of the
AlxhilH. Aiimiil Aiulalla, tlie founder
of this kingdom, was originally the
chief of an Algiian tribe, named Abdal
(wiicncc the winic Ahdalli) who was
ftript of his comiiry l)y N.idir Shah, in
i73t;. On tlie death of Nadir, he fud-
denly appeared among his former fub-
jecls, and creded a confiderabie king-
dom if the caftern part of Perlia, add-
ing to it mofl: of the provinces to the w
of the Indus, which had liecn ceded by
the great mogul to Nadir Shah, toge-
ther with Cafhmere on the e of that
liver. See Afghanijlan.

Candahar, a city and the capital of
the country of the faire name. It is
furrounded by walls and ditches, and
has a confiderabie trade. While the
Perfian and Mogul empires were each
entire, it was the frontier fortrtfs to-
ward Perfia. It is feated on the Har-
mend, which divides it in two pans, 145
mssw Cabul. Lon.65 2a e, lat. 33 o n.

Candeijh, a province ot the Deccon
of Hindooftan, fuLije(5l to the Poonah
Mahrattas ; bounded on the n by
Malwa, E by Berar, s by Dowlatabad,
and w by Baglana. The foil is fertile,
though mountainous, and produces
abundance of cotton. Burhanpour is
the capital.

Candes, a town of France, in the de-
jjartment of Indre and Loire, at the
conflux of the Vienne with the Loire,
30 m wsw Tours.

Candia, an ifland in the Mediterra-
nean, formerly Crete, lying to the s of
the Archipelago. It is i8» m long and
50 broaa^ and pervaded by a chain of
mountains. The foil is fertile ; and it
abounds in fine cattle, fheep, fwine,
poultry, game, corn, wine, oil, filk, and
honey. It was taken by the Turks, in
1669, after a war of 25 years. It was
attempted to be retaken by the Vene-
tians, in 1692, without effe<a. Mount
Ida, fo fam )U8 in htftory> is in the mid-
dle of this ifland.

CAN

Candia, the capital of the Ifland of
the fame name, and the fee of a Greek
archbiihop. Thoirgh populous former-
ly, little of it remains befide the walls
and the market place ; and the harbour
ik now fit for nothing but boat.^. It is
feated on the n fide of the ifland, 500
m .nsvv C'oiiilantinople. Lon, 15 18 e,
lat. ,^5 fQ N.

Vnndlemas J/esy two iflands in the
Southern oeeau, near Sandwich Land.
Lon. 27 13 w, lat. 57 10 s.

Candy, a kingdom of Ceylon, con-
taining about a fourth of the illand. It
occupies the middle pait of the ifland,
and nowhere extends to the feacoall,
« jxept about jo m on the eafiern nioit'.
The country is mountainous ; very
woody on the frontiers, ;>nd diflficult of
aceel's. The central part confills of
mountains cultivated to their fiimmits,
intcr'ptrfed with villages, rivulets, and
cattle; well trodden foot p.iths in all
tliredioDs ; fruitful vallics, with grovfs
of areka, jacca, cocoa-nut, limef,
orang(;s, iVc. with fine villages, and
fields of paddy and other grain, well
watered by the ftrcams pouung down
from the mountains. In many parts of
the interior, volcanos have burit forth
at difFennt times ; and the hills feemto
pofiefs the principle of thofe eruptions.
Iron and other ores are to be met with;
but the Candians, for years pad, have
paid no attention to difcovering or
working any of the veins. The air is
fubjedt to heavy fo^s and dews at night,
fucceeded by e::eeirively hot and fuitry
weather by day ; rain and thunder are
alfo frequent and violent. The inha-
bitants ui'e fire-arms, and bows and a>-
rows for weaponc of offence. The king
is abfolute ; and he is clothed in all the
Ibte and fplendour of other Afiatic
princes; but with the peculiar diftinc-
tion of a crown, which he flatters him-
felf no other monarch is eatitled to
wear. See Ceylon.

Candy, the capital of a kingdom of |
the fame name, in the ifland of Ceylon.
It was often burnt by the Poriugutfej i
when they were mafters of thefe coafts. |
It is more regularly built than moft In-
dian towns. The principal ftreet is I
about a m long, and very broad ; and
though the houfes in general have
but one ftory, they appear to have two,
from the number of Heps running iipj
fidewife and clofe to the wall of the!
houfe, fo that the door is at lead thel
height of a flory from the ftreet. This!
manner of building is to avoid the mif-j
chiefs which the elephant-fights, cele-f

bratcd in this
jetty's ainufemi
tothehoult's. I
out on both Hi.
of no great len|
terminates the
Ihcct ; it is a fc;
built of a kin(
white, with ft
was ent(!red b
Feb. ifloj, the I
bitants tiaving pi
the perfidy of
unhealthiner; o:
pewits, they cap
in June, but on t
all mafTacrcd. '
the centre of t
of a fteep hill, (
Lon. 80 53 E, la'
Canea, a ftronj
Candia, with a
environs are adc
vineyards, gardcr
d with myrtio at
taken by theTt.T
fence of two moi
tors lofl 25,000 :
the N coalt of thi
Candia. Lon. 24
Canete ; fee Ca,
Caneto, a town
feveral times takJ
French and Auft
Uglio, ao m w i\J
Carja, a towr
f'o'.^'o, on the
•*5t. Salvador. Loi
Caugitino, a tov
cipato Citra, 40 r
^'angoxima, a ft
on the moft fout
ofXimo, with a
At the entrance o
lioufe, on a lofty
of the rock is ;
ihipping. Here
oils magazines, bi
ror, fome of whi
fire. Lon. 133 j
Caniaderagoy a
lork, in Otfego l
JJtfego, and 9 m li
Oaks Creek iflue
mto the Sufqueha
. 'anina, a town

'nAit>ania,neartl
of Venice, 8 m n
^anifrha, a fti
Hungry. It wal
fne Turks, who ,
'twas taken by 1
Wockade of two

inovis ; very

CAN

brated in this great (Ireot for his ma-
jcily's amnfcirifiit, would otherwife do
to the hollies. Many ItflerltrcitB branch
out on both fides the main Areet, but
of no great length. The king's p vlace
ttrminatea the upper end of the great
llrtct ; it is a fquare of immcnfc extent,
built of a kind of cement, perfeiJtIy
white, with (lone gateways. Cau'iy
w;i» entered by the Britiih troops in
Fel). ifloj, the king and principal inha-
bitants having previouflyfled ; but from
the perfidy of the Candians, and the
unhealthinefti of the climate to Kuro-
pe.ui8, they capitulated to evacuate it
in June, but on the third day after were
all mafTacrcd. The town is fcatedncar
the centre of the ifland, on the top
of a deep hill, 9-) m e by n Columbo.
Loii. 80 j2 E, lat. 7 15 N,

Canea, a ftrong town of the illand of
Candia, with a good harbour. The
environs are adorned with olive trees,
vineyards, gardens, and brooks, border-
ed with myrtic and laurel roles. It was
taken by theTijrks, in 1645, after a de-
fence of two mouths, in which the vic-
tors loft 25,000 men. It is feated on
the N coaft of the ifland, 63 m vv by n
Candia. Lon. 24 7 e, lat- 35 27 n.

Canete ; fee Cagnete.

Vanelo, a town of Italy, in Mantuan,
feveral times taken and retaken by the
French and Auftrians ; fcated on the
Uglio, ;io m w Mantua.

Carga, a town of the kingdom of
Co'.j,'o, on the river Zaire, a8o m nk
^t. Salvador. Lon. 17 lo e, lat. ; 10 s.

Caugianoi a town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato Citra, 40 m u by s Salerno.

Cangoxima, a ftrong le.iport()f .Japan,
on the moft fouthern verge of the ifle
of Ximo, with a commodious harbour.
At the entrance of the haven is a light-
houfe, on a lofty rock ; and at the foot
of the rock is a convenient road for
ihipping. Here are large and fumptu-
ous magazines, belonging to the empr -
ror, fome of which are ^j.oof againft
fire. Lon. 133 15 e, hit. 32 10 n.

CaniaderagOi a narrow lake of New
Vork, in Otfego county, 6 m w of Lake
Otfego, and 9 m long. A ftream called
Oaks Creek iffues from it, and flows
into the Sufquehana.

('Oninat a *own of European Turkey,
in Albania, near the entrance of the gulf
of Venice, 8 m n Vaiona.

Canifiha, a ftrong town of Lower
Hungary. It was taken, in 1600, by
the Turks, who held it tifl 1690, when
it was taken by the Auftrians, after a
blockade of two years, and ceded to

CAN
ilie rmperor hy the peace of Carlowitz.
It is I15 m sbw Raab. Lon. 17 10 e,
lat 46 30 N.

('anna, one of the Hebrides of Scot-
land, fw of the ifle of Skye. It is 4 m
long and a mile broad ; the high parts
producing excellent p tftnre for cattle,
and the low is tolenlily fertile. Here
are many bafaltic columns ; and Com-
PtCs hill is remarkable for its effetit on
the magnetic needle. On the se fide
of Canna is Sand ifland, fcparated by a
narrow channel, and between ihem is »
well-frequented harbour. Lon. 6 38
w, lat. 57 13 N.

Cnno ; fee Ghana-

Vamhtai a town of Italy, in Mila-
nefe, on the lake Alaggiore, 35 m nnw
Milan.

Canoge, a town of Hindooftan, in thr
province of Agra. It is faid to have
been th(=< capital of all Hindooftan,
unucr the piedeccfTor of Porus, who
fought againft Alexander; and that in
the 6th century it contained 30,000
fhops, in which betel-nut was fold. It
is now reduced to the fize of a middling
town, and feated on the Calini, near its
conflux with the Ganges, 1 10 m E by s
Agra- Lon. 80 13 e, lat. 27 3 n.

Canon/htirg, a town of Pennfylvania,
in Wafliington ccmty, on the w branch
of Chartier creek, 4 m above Morganza,
and 15 ssw Pittfijurg.

Canofa, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Bari, which ftands on part of the
fitp of the ancient Canufium, one of the
moft magnificent cities of Italy. Be-
tween Canola and the river Ofanto are
ftill fome traces of the ancient town of
Canna:, in the plain of which was fought
the celebrated battle between Hannibal
and the Romans, wherein the latter loft
45,000 men. Canofa is 4 m w by n
Irani.

Canouly a town of Hindooftan, in
Golconda, capital of a circar of the
fame name. It is no m ssw Hydrabad.
Lon. 78 7 E, lat. 15 48 N.

Canourgue, a town of France, in the
department of Lozerc, with a trade in
cattle and woollen ftufFs ; fcated near
the Lot, 13 m sw Mende.

Canfo, an ifland at the se extremity
of Nova Scotia, with a cape, town, and
port of the fame name. The port is
three leagues in length, formed by many-
other fmall iflands and the mainland.
To the NW of the ifland is a narrow
ftrait, called the Gut of Canfo, which
feparates Cape Breton from Nova Scotia.
Lon. 60 55 w, lat. 45 20 n.

Canjladti a town of Suabia^ ia the

M

f'lf

i.t

CAN*

duchy of Wirtemberg, with a maniifiic-
tuif ()t'|)iiiitod coituns. In the lu-iglibour-
Jii. (I arc iimc medicinal i'prings. It is
le.iti'd on thf Ncckar, ^ in n'k Stutgard.

('ar.tal, a department of France, in-
cluding part of the late province of
Auvrrgne. It ii> lb called from a moiin-
Viiii, ntnr tho centre of the department,
wholi; fiimmit ic always covered with
j'now. The capital is St. Flour.

('anfnzaro, a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Citra, mar the fea, ;6 m sw St.
.St'vcrino.

Vanterbury, a city in Kenh, capital of
the county, and the fee of an arch-
bilhop, who is primate of all F'ngland.
It was the Liuu.wriuim of the Romans,
atid founded before the Chrillian era.
The cathednd, a large flnnJturc, was
onco famous U^r the Ihrine of Thoinaa
Ikckct, a turbulent pried, who was
murdered htre in 1170, and afterward
made a faint. In this cathedral are in-
terred Henry iv and Edward the black
prince. The city has likewiR" 14 parilli
churches; the remains of many Roman
anticjuitie? ; an ancittnt caftle with walls
and a deep ditch; and a graminar-fchool
founded by Ileiiry viii. It is a county
of ilfelf, poveined by a mayor; poflcfles
» fhare of the filk aud cotton manufac-
tures ; and is noted fvjr excellent brawn.
The adjacent country produces abund-
:uice of hops. The number of inhabit-
ants was 9, coo in 1801, and io,sco in
j8ti. It hasamaikcr on W ednefday
and Saturday, and is leatcd on the
Stour, 55 m ESE London. Lon. 1 5 k.
lat.51 i8 N.

Cinitirbury, a town of Connciflicut,
in \Vindhaui county, on the k. fide of
the Quinabang, 11 in u by s Windham.

i'anth, a town of Siiefia, on the river
Weillritz, 15 m sw Bredau-

Cautillajut, a town of Spain, in An-
dahifia, on the Guadalquiver, 35 m nne
Seville.

Cantiii, Cape, a promontory of the
Atlantic ocean, on the coalt of Mo-
rocco. Lon. 9 5 w, lat 32 49 n-

Canton, a city and f aport of China,
capital oTtlie province of Quang-tong,
fcatcd on one of the fin. (I rivers in the
empire. It confifts of thice towns, di-
vided by high walls, but fo conjoined
as to form almnli a regular kiuare.
The flreetsare long and tlriight, paved
with tlag.ftones, and adorned with tri-
umphal arche:. The hnufts arc only
a ground floor, built of earth, and co-
vi'red with tiles. The better clafs of
people a>e can icd about in cnuirs ; but
the common ibrt walk l)arefooted and

C \P

bareheaded. Thry have manufatflurei
of their own, efpecially of filk AulFs ;
and their gocnl^ are carried by porters,
for they havo IK) wagons. At tl.c end
of every llnri is a barrier, which is (hut
every evening, as well as the gates of
the city. The river is covered witli
barks, wliich have apartments in them
for famllicf., where many refidc and
have no other habitation. The num-
ber of inhabit.ints is fuppoled to be
1,500,0, o. The immenli.' quantity of
money which foreign velTirls bring to
this city, draws hither a crowd of mer-
chants from all the provinces ; that its
warchoufes contain the rarell produc-
tions of (the foil, and the moft valuable
of the Chineft: manufadures. It is iioo
m s Peking. Lon. 1 13 :o R, lat. 13 6 n.

Cantyrey a peninl'ida of Scotland, in
Argylelhire, 35 m long and 7 broad,
connedted on the n by an ifthnius,
fcarce a mile broad, to the mountainous
dillridt of Knapilale. To the s it ter-
minates in a promontory, called the
Mull of Caniyre, on which is a light-
houfe. Lon. 5 42 w, lat. 55 \f> n.

Cauy, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Seine, fituate in a
country which produces great quantities
of corn and flax, 26 m nw Rouct.

Caorlo, a Imall illand in the gulf of
Venice, on the coaft of Friuli. It has a
town of tl;e lame name, 20 m sw Aqui-
leia. Lon. 1 2 30 e, lat. 45 42 n.

Capaccio, a town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato Citra, the refidence of the billiop
and canons of Pasftum, the majeftic
ruins of which city are in the vicinity.
It is 20 m SE Salerno.

Cape, and Cape-toivn ; fee Good Hofie,
Cape of.

Cape Breton \ fee Breton, Cape : and
other Capes, in like manner, fee under
their rcipetflivc names.

Cape Fear Hiuer ; fee Fear, Cape-

Cape/If, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Aifne, 10 m NE Guiefe.

Capejian, a town of France, in the
department of Ilerault, near the river
Aude and the canal of Languedoc, 6 m
w Beziers.

Capijlano, a town of Naples, in Cals-
bria Ultra, 20 m n e Squilluce.

Ca/ntatiata, a province of Naples,
bounded on the n by the gulf of Ve-
nice, E by Terra diBari, sby Bafilicata
and Principato Ultra, and w by Molife
and Abruzzo. It is a level country,
with(.ut trees; has a fandy foil, and a
hot air ; but the land near the rivers ii
fertile in paftnies. Luccrais the capital.

Capo Fifio, a barren rock in the tcf^

ritor/ of Gen
ralter.i peak,
fame name, 13

56 K, hli 44 2(

Capo d' Iflr'u
of lltria, and :
on a fm dl ifla
connedted with
way, which ii
The principal i
and fdt. it is
o K, lat. 4'; 40 J
Cappel, a to
duchy of SleAvi
NE Sk-rwlck.

^'appoqnin, a

county of Wa

feated on the 1

Dungarvon, an(

Capraja, an

ranean.to the n

cumfcrence. It

name, with a g(

by a caflle. Lc

Capri, an iflar

at the entrance (

nearly oppofite

long and a bro

acc(;ffible only ii

the retreat of e

here fpent the 1

in luxurious debi

'ity of quails cc

and the tenth

forms a great pa

bifhop, who is h

of Quails.

Capri, the caj:
fame name, and
caftlc. It was o
embellilhed witi
which were der
of Tiberius. Itl
Lon. 14 loE, la(
Capua^ a ftrol
Terra di Lavor/
fee, with a citadj
ancient Capua,
its ruins. No L
Rome, containsi
ancient infcriptic
much by an eart|
of cavalry were
of their barrackfl
of a mountain,
20 m N Naples.

7N.

Cava, a river .
from the N extrcl
tains, and flows!
koi, in the Arcti
boundary betwed
»hc fpace of aboil

^aratatay, a

CAR

ritor/ of Genoa, with a cadle on ili
Mltt;rii peak. Near it is ;i p'jrt of tlie
fame nimc, 13 m kse Genoa. Lon. 8

56 K. I.li 44 20 N.

Cflpo d' JJlria, a town ofltcily, cipital
of lltiia, and a bifliop's fee. It rtinds
on a frtuli ifland in the enlf of Tried,
coiinedlt'd with the continent by a canfe-
way, which is defended by a callli*.
Tht; principal reviTMie conlilts in wini;
and f,dt. It is 8 m s Tricft. Lon. 14
o K, lat. 4', 40 N.

('/7/>/>f/, a t(<wn of Denmark, in the
duchy of Siefwick, on the e coalt, 16 ni
NK Sit- (wick.

('appofjuin, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Waterford, with a caftle ;
feated on the Hlackwater, 13 m wnw
Dungarvon, and 18 fsw Cionmel.

Capraja, an idand in the Mediter-
ranean,to the NE of Corfica,i5m in cir-
cumference. It has a town of the fame
name, with a good harbour, defendtid
by a caftle. I^on. 9 56 k, lat. 43 5 n.

Capri, an idand in the Mediterranean,
at the entrance of the gulf of Naples,
nearly oppofitc Sorcnto. It is 5 m
long and z broad, with fteep (bores,
accclfible only in two places ; and was
the retreat of emperor Tiberius, who
here fpcnt the laft ten years of his life
in luxurious debauchery- A vaft qnan-
♦ity of quails come here every year ;
and the tenth of what are caustht,
forms a great part of the revenue of the
bifhop, who is hence called the filihop
of. Quails.

Capri, the capital of the ifland of the
fame name, and a bifhop's fee, with a
caftle. It was once » delightful place,
embelliftied with magnificent works,
which were demoliflied after the death
of Tiberius. It is a; m ssw Naples.
Lon. 14 ICE, lat. 40 32 if.

Capua, a ftrong city of Naples, in
Terra di Lavoro, and an archbilhop's
fee, with a citadel. It is a m from the
ancient Capua, and was built out of
its ruins. No city in Italy, except
Rome, contains a greater number of
ancient infcriptions. In 1803 it fufiered
much by an earthquake, and a number
of cavalry were buried under the ruins
of their barracks. It ftands at the foot
of a mountain, on the river Volturno,
20 m N Naples. Lon. 14 19 £, kt. 41

7 N.

Cara, a river of Ruflia, which ifTues
from the n extremity of the Ural moun-
tains, and flows into the gulf of Karf-
koi, in the Arctic ocean ; forming the
boundary between Europe and Afia, for
»hc fpace of about 149 m.

^aracatay, a large country of Afia,

CAR

extending from the great wall of Chini
to the country of theMonguls; bound-
ed on the w by the Imaus, and on the b
by the fea and China.

Carncas, a province of Terra Firm.i,
bounded on the n by the gulf of Mex-
ico, K by ('umana, s by New Granada,
and w by Venezuela. Tiic btft cocoa-
nuts, next to thofe of Giiitimala, are
produced in the rich pliins of this pro-
vince. Tiie other produ(flH are cotton,
C()fil'e, indigo, (u;,'ar, and tobacco.
Leon, or Caracas, is the capital.

CaraliijJ'ar, a town of Aliatic Turkey,
in Roum, with u fort on the fummit
of a high rockj'.i'ound which tlie houfci
are built on the declivity. It is a piac;
of gre:it trade, and the principal manu-
facture is carpets. It ftands among hills,
in a fruitful valley, watered by the Min-
dra, 95 m e by n Tocat.

Caranianii:, a province of Afiatic
Turkey, to the e of N.itolia, and w of
Uoum. It comprehends the ancient
Pamphilia, and a great part of Cilicia,
Pifidia, aud Cappadoeia It contains
feveral lakes, which abound with tifh,
and furnifh great q'lanlities ot f^lt.
Cogni is the capital.

Caramanta, a diitriift of Terra Firma,
included in the s part of the province of
Carthagena ; bounded on the w by Da-
rien, s byPopayan, and k by New Gra-
nada. IL is a valley furroundcd bf high
mountains, and there are waters whencu;
the natives get lalt. The capital, of the
fame name, is feated on the Cauca, 240
m NNE Popayan. Lon. 75 13 w, lat.
5 18 N.

Caransras, a town of Peru, capital of
a diftriit which contains valuable iilver
mines, and feeds a great number of
cattle. Jt is 45 m w Potofi.

Carara, a town of Italy, in the prin-
cipality of MafTiA, celebrated for its
qunrries of marble of various colours.
It is 5 m NNK Maila.

Cara/ui, a like of European Turkey,
in Bulgaria, >;<; m in circumference,
containing leveral iflands. It is formed
by a branch of the Danube, not lar from
its entrance into the Black fea-

Caravaca, a town of .Spain, in Murcia,
feated among mountains, 46 m WNW
Murcia.

Caravaya, a town of Ptru, capital of
a jurifdidion of the lame name. It is
160 m SE Cufco. Lon. 69 36 w, lyt. 14
40 s.

Carcajfone, a city of France, capital
of the dt-partment of Aude, and a bi-
fli'ip'sfee. It is divided into the upper
and lower town by the Aude, ov<;r
which iii a ftoue bridge. In the upper

(,

i ♦

1' ,.i "i

:S " ^1

m

CAR

town, called the ciiy, ar«* a ftronfrcaftle
and the cathedral. The lower town ii
fqiiiU'f, regularly built, and kept very
neat, by meanu of an aquediid, which
brings the wavr of the Aude to difForent
fountains Hi rf are manuf.idnreH of all
Ibrts of cloth. It h ,^5 m w N.iibonne,
and 50 se Touluufe Lon. 2 15 £, lat.

43 M N.

Carcu/la, a town of Hindooftan, in
Canara, chiefly inhabited by (liopkoop.
era. In an open temple here is the
image of a naked man, 3K leet in height
by 10 in thickncfn, made of one piece
of granite. Much ricf,gin},'er, turmtric,
and betel-nut is railed in the vicinity.
It is feated between two laki-s, or tanks,
which give fource to two rivers, ;6 m
N by E Mangalore.

Cardiff^ a b rough of Wales, capital
of Glamorganlhire, with a market on
Widnefday and Saturday. It is feated
on the Taff, and has a confiderable
tradr with Briltol, for veflels of fmall
burden may come to the bridge. Its
caftle wa:. an elegant Gothic ftrudtiire,
but has lately undergone a motley re-
pair. The town was formerly encom-
paflld by a wall, and veftiges of its
four gates yet remain. The fteward or
conftable of ihe callle is the chief ma-
giftrate, who is called mayor. The
numberof inhabitants was 1870 in 1801,
and 2457 in 181 1. Near the town are
fome iron-works, and a canal extend-
ing 25 m to the great iron-works at
Merthyr Tudfyl. In the caftle died
Robert duke of Normandy, eldeft Ion
of William t,after having bee? Minded,
and confined 28 years, by his brother
Henry 1 . Cardiff is 42 m s Brecknock,
and 160 w London. Lon. 3 12 w, lat.

51 28 N.

Cardigan, a borough of Wales, the
county-town of Cardiganfhire, with a
market on Saturday. The walls and
caftle are gone to ruin- It is governed
by a mayor. The number of inhabit-
ants was 1911 in iBoi, and 2129 in
181 1. It ftands on the Tyvy, near a
bay to which it gives name, 33 m ne
St. David, and 240 wnw London. Lon.
4 38 w, lat. 52 10 N.

(Jardiganjhiret a county of Wales,
boanded on the n by Merionethfhire
and Montgomeryfhire, e by Radnorfliire
and Brecknockfhire, s by Carmarthen-
fhire and Pembrokefhire, and w by Car-
digan bay. It is 42 m long and 20 broad,
containing 464,640 acres ; is divided in-
to five hundreds, and 65 pariflies ; has fix
market-towns ; and fends two members
to parliament. The number of inhabit-
ants was 42,956 in i8oi> and 50,260 in

CAR

18 1 1. To the s and w are pluns fruitful
in corn ; but the n and v. pirtsare ncon-
tiniitd ridge of mountains } yet, in the
wor (1: parts, there an' pa(liire« which feed
numerousflieep and cattle. Near tht* ri-
vers are a gre;it number of otters ; and in
thf valleys are feveral lakes. The moun-
tains aboimd with veins of lead and liiver
ore; and the mines have been worked
to great advantige. The principal ti-
vrrn are the Tyvy, Rydal, and Iftwith.

Cnrdonm, a town nf Spain, in Cata-
loniu, with a caftle. Near it is a moiin-
lam of folid rock fait, of which are
made vafes, fnuif-boxes, and trinkets;
and there are vineyards that produce
excflleut wine. It is feated on the
Cardoncro, 36 m n'nw Barcelona.

Carelia, or litijjian J'inland ; fee W7-
burg .

('arentan, a town of France, in the
department of Manche, with an ancient
caltle, 8 m from the {i-a, and 21 w
Bayeux.

Cures, or K^ircij, a town of European
Turkey, in Macedonia, fituate on
Mount Athos, 17 m se Salonica.

t'areiu, a village of Wales, 4 m e by
N Pembroke, noted for the noble and
extenfive remains of its caftle, fituate
on a gentle fwell above an arm of Mil-
ford haven.

Carfagnano'y fee Cajiel Nuovo di
Carfagnano.

Carhaix, a town of France, in the
department of Finifterre, on the river
Yer, 19 ms Morlaix.

Carham, a village in Northumber-
land, 5 m E Kelfo. Near it was a
battlr between the Englifli and Danes,
in which 1 1 bifhops and two Englifh
counts were among the llain ; another
between the Englifli and Scots, in loi'!,
in which the latter were vidlorious;
and in 1370, fir John Lilburne wa«
defeated near this place, and taken pri-
foner by the Scots.

Cariati, a town of Naples, in Calabria
Citra, near the gulf of Taranto, 25 m
N St. Scverino.

Caribean Sea, that part of the At-
lantic ocean lying between the illands
of Jamaica, St. Domingo, and Porto
Rico, on the n, and the continent of
Terra Firma on the s..

Caribe Ijlands, the mofl caflern if-
lands of the W Indies, ext«ndine in a
(emicircle from Porto Rico to Trinidad,
and divided into Windward and Lee-
ward iflanda. See Indies, Weft.

Cartcal, a town of Hindooftan, in tht
Carnatic, where the French had a fettle-
ment, which was taken by the Biitifli
in I ; 60. It ftands at the mouth of a

C A It

bnnch of the Cavory, 8 m s Trart-
gufljar.

('orignan, a tovti of France, in llic
depart inctit of Ardt-nncs. It was for-
merly cdled Ivoix, mid belonged to
Luxerid)iirg ; but was cr-dod to Loiiis
XIV, who cliariKcd the name. It is
featt'd on the Cliiors, 8 m kse Sedan.

('(irigtiau, a town of Piedmont, in a
diftri<5t of the fame n;.m«;, with a cafkle,
featcd on the river Po, 12 m s by w
Turin.

Caraman Java, a chifter of idands to
the N of Jiva, at ih»' principaf of which
Ihips touch for refrelhment, in their
Toy.igeto Borneo. Lon. no 12 e, lat.

5 56 9-

Carhiacou, the chief of the Granndiila
idands, in the W Indies, 1 6 m n n k Gra-
nada. It produces much cotton, has a
good harbour, and a town called Hills-
borough. Lon. 61 2a w, lat. 12 28 n.

Carinola, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Lavoro, feated near Mount Maflico,
25 m Nw Naples.

Carhithia, a duchy of ermany, in
the circle of Auftria; bounde<l on the
N by Auftria, e by Stiria, s by C'arniola
and Friuli, and w by Tyrol and Salz-
burg. It is mountainous and woody,
but yields good pafturage, and abounds
in excellent iron and lead. In 1809,
the w part of this country was iranl-
fer-ed to France. Clagenfurt is the
Auftrian capital.

C'arijbr k^ a village in Hampfliire, a
mile s Newport, in the ifle of Wight,
remarkable for its caftle and church,
which are both very ancient. The
church had once a convent of monks
annexed, part of which is now a farm-
houier ftill retaining the name of the
priory. The caftle Hands on an emi-
nence, and was the prifon of Charles
I, in 1647, before he was delivered to
the parliament forces. It is now the
feat of the governor of the ifle of Wight,
and has a ftrong garrifon.

Carijh, or CajM Rqfo, an epifcopal
town of Greece, at the s extremity of
the ifland of Negropont. Lon. 24 35 k,
lat. 38 4 N.

Caritenay a town of European Tur-
key, in Morea, on the fide of a moun-
tain, by a river of its name, 24 m uw
Tripolizza.

Carlentini ; fee Lentini-

Carlingford, a borough and fcaport
of Ireland, in the county of Lowth,
with a caltle on a rock. It is noted for
excellent oyllers, and featcd on Car-
lingford bay, 21 m N Drogheda. Lon.

6 0 w, lat. 54 1 1 N.
Carlhigvjcirk ; (c>i Cafik D oughts.

C ATI

Carlljlf, a city and the capital of
Curfibcrland, governed by a mayor, with
a market on Wcdnd'day and batuiday.
It is wailed roi r.J, and litu.ite above a
rich trad of meadows, bordcririjj the
Eden, Petteril, and Caude, which here
unite their fticams. The gat s of tlu4
city are called the Eiiglilli. Irtili, and
Scotch ; and it has a caftle at the nw
angle, by which the Pi(fls wall palFes.
Tlie cathedral is a ftately ftrudure,
formerly very fpacious, but the nave
was deftroyed in the civil wars ; belide
this there are two other churches, and
feyeral meeting-houfes. The number
of inhabitants was 10,2:1 in iRoi, and
1 2, S3 1 in igij. Carlide has conlider-
able manufadures of coarfc linens, cot-
tons, calicos, muflins, whips, and fifh-
hooks. In 1645 it furrendered^ through
famine, to the parliamentary forces,
after a blockade oteii^ht months. It wa»
taken by the rebi;l8 in 1745, but retaken
by the duke of Cumberland. It is 60 m
8 Edinburg, and 301 nnw London.
Lon. a 53 w, lat. 5 |. 46 n.

Carlijle, a town of Pennfylvania, ca^
pital of Cumberland county, with a
college, and four edifices for public
worlhip. It is fituate on a fine plain,
near the s bank of Conedogwinct creek,
u water of the Sulquehana, 120 m \r
by N Philadelphia. Lon. 77 30 w,
lat. 40 10 N.

Carlobago, a town of Morlachia, at
the foot of a craggy rock, near the
channel that feparates the ille of Pago
from the continent. The commerce con-
fifts chiefly of wood. It is 46 m sk
Buccari. Lon. 15 13 e, lat 44 53 i^.

Carlos, St. a town of New Spain,
in the province of Nicaragua, on the
river St. Juan, 65 m e by s of the town
St. Juan. Lon. 83 45 w, lat. 11 o n.

Carlos, St. a town of Terra Firma, in
the province of Caracas. It was very
much injured by the great earthquake
in 1812. It is 85 msw Loon.

Carlos, St. a town on tlic N fide of
Cuba, and near the w lido of the bay of
Matanzas, 54 m e Havana.

Carlotta, a town of Spain, in Anda-
lufia, built in 1769 for German and Ita-
lian emigrants, 15 ms Cordova.

Carlozv, or Catherlotigh, a county of
Ireland, iu the province of Lcinfler,
28 m long and 8 broad; bounded,
on the E by Wicklow and Wexford, w
by Q»*^tMi county and Kilkenny, and
N by Kildare. It is divided into 50
parilhes, cotuains about 44,000 inha-
bitants, and fends three members to
parliament. The chief rivers arc the
Barrow and S!dnt;y.

M'.l

i).

i ^ :'i.

Vk

!■!

I

C A II

Crirlow, aborotij;li ollrclan'', cnpU.il
ttf t!it> c'niinty ')t' thf (arric name- Ft
lends onr miMnbcr to parliament. Thr
cilllc is :i fine ruin, overlianpinp tli»'
rivrr, and its ancient namt' was CatluT-
lagh. It is (Vat<cl en the H'.rrow, 20
m NK KilliiMiny, an.l 4i ssw Dublin.
Lon. 7 14 w, lit. r,2 4« N.

(\jrhj-M'itT, a town of Scl.'.vonia, whfrc
a pc.ico wa*? (oiicliukd between the
Turks I'.nd Germans in I'ifig. It is fcat-
cJ on tlic Danube, .iflm^iw Ik'Iprade.

('r.rljlnd, a town of Bnhetnia, in the
circle of Saat?., celebrated for its hot
Ivi.tlis, difeovcrcd by <'inperiir Charles
IV, as he was hunting. Jt is leated "U
the Topel, near its eonflux with the
ligra, J 4 in knk; Etrra.

('ar/jhtrrr, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Kriinon. on tlie river
Geellc, at the moutli t)f t!>e Well^r, 30
in N by w Bremen. Lon. S 45 i',, lat.
53 -TJ N.

I'firf/hirji^, a city of Trun/ylvania
See ft\i^'f/;ljiir^'

(■arlj'croria, or Cnr/'iroo>i, a city and
fl'aport of Sweden, in Ulekingen. It
WHS founded in 16H0 by Charles xi,
who removed tlie lieet from Stockholm
to this place, on account of its centrical
litintion, and the fnperiority of its har-
bour, the entrance of which is defended
by two (trong forts. The greateft part
of the town is built of wood, and ftands
upon a i'mall rocky ifland, which rifes
gently in a buy of the Baltic. The fub-
urbs extend over another fmall rock,
and along the mole, clofe to the bafin
where the fleet is moored ; and are for-
tified, toward the land, by a ftone wall.
Here are excellent docks for the repair-
ing and building of fliips, founderies
for cannon, and manufa<5>ures of gun-
powder, ropes, fail?, &c. The inhabit-
ants are eltimated at 15,000, but were
more numerous before the great fire, in
179c, which confumed above two thirds
of the town. It is 2jo m s^-w Stock-
b.olm. Lon. 15 26 e, lat. 56 7 .v.

Cnrljhamn, a town of Sweden, in
Rlekingen, with a woollen mamifafture,
a foige for copper, and a timber yard;
leated on the Baltic, 21 in w Carlfcrona.

('arlfuhc a town of Suabia, in the
margravate of Baden, where the prince
has a palace, 2 m nw Donrlaeh.

(.'nrljlnd, the capital of the French

pait of Croatia, wi'h a fortrcf-. ; itaied

en the Kulpa, at th<' irilhix of the Co-

oiia, 185 m s by w Vienna. Lon. 15

cX E, lat. 45 33 N.

Carljhid, a town of Sweden, capital
of W-ermeland, and a biinop's lee. It
ftands on Xht k fute ot the lake Wcnner,

CAR

»nd on the ifland of Tingwall.i, which
is formed by two branches of the Cl.ira.
The houfed are built of wood and paint-
cd; the epifcopal p.ilace is n!fo of wood,
and hag an extenlive front. Tlie in-
habitants carry on a tr.u'.e in copper,
iron, and wood acrofs the Like. It i«
175 mw Stockholm. Lon. 13 43 i:,
lat. _^() 21 N.

i'arljlaJ, a town of Franconi.-u in the
principality of Wiutzbur;;, ft ited on
the Maine, 13 in n by w Wurlzburp.

('arhike, a village of Scotland, near
the river Clyde. .1; m nw Lnnerk. It
iias a cotton manufadure, and is fainoiii
for apples and pears.

( V/r/w/jq-Wrt, a fortified town of Pied-
mont, with a citadel, featcd on a fmii'.l
river, which runs into the Po, 14 m s
Turin.

Carmarthen, a borough of Wale'),c)|.
pital of Carmarthcnihire, with a market
on Wcdnefday and Saturdiy. It is feat-
ed on the Towy, near its entrance into
'"armarthen bay, and fmall vedels may
come up to the bridge. It was fortifiL'd
with a wall and a caftle now in ruins ;
and what remains of the latter is con-
verted into a county gaol. C'lofetotlip
N of the town are the remains of 1
Roman prctorium ; and on the f. fidr
near the river arc the extenfive remain,
of a monafticbuilding. Carmarthen it
a county of itfelf, governed by a mayor.
The number of inhabitants was 5548 is
1801, and 7275 in 181 1. There arc
iron and tin mines in the neighbour-
hood. It is 24 m SE Cardigan, and
220 w by s London. Lon. 4 73 w, lat.

52 I2N.

(Jar»iartlicuJ}}'ire, a county of Wales,
bounded on the n by Cardiganfliire, i
by Brecknockfliire and Glamorganlhire,
s by the Briftol channel, and w by
Pembrokeftiire. It 1535 "^ '"f'? '*'''' ^°
broad, containing 592,640 acres; is di-
vided into eight hundreds and ,ao pa-
liflies ; has fix market-towns ; and fenilu
two members to parliament. The num-
ber of inhabitants was 67,317 in 1801,
and 77,217 in 1811. It is fruitful in
corn and gmfs, has plenty of wood,
coal, lead, and lime, and is not fo
mountainous as the other counties of
W;i!es. The principal rivers are the
Towy, Tyvy, and Taff.

Carmely a mount.iin of Syria, in Pa-
leltine, noted for having been the retreat
of the prophet Elias, and for a moiiaf-
tery of Carmelites. It is 50 m n Je-
rufalem.

C'armona, a town of Italy, in Friuii,
on a mountain near the river Iiidri, 7 m
Kw Coritz.

Carmona, a t(

lufia, with ma

walls, infcrlptio

ward Seville is c

dinary pieces of

anditscafile, no

ly of imnicnfeex

high hill, 36 ml

Carnarvon, a

Wales, capital o;

a market on VVec

ft is leated on a 1

Menai, near its

narvon bay, :ir)i\

able trade with L

pool, and Ireland.

cnftle, built by E(

(■'in, Edward ir,

Wales was born.

rd by the conftabl

IS always mayor.

habitants was ^cr

iM water baths, i

cold baths, which

during the feafon

Bingor, and 244

4 20 w, lat. 53 8 N

CanuD-^onJhiret
bounded on a smj
Merioneihfliirc, on
Aire, and on all ot
being Separated frc
Urait Menai. It is
broad, containing 4
tided into 10 hundn
MS one city and five
lunds two members
number of inhabit!
i,8oi, and 49,336 i,
cipal rivers are the
This county being
fri(5t of N Wales!
iheBritiflj Alps. Ji
cupied by the fam
jwprofpeds around
in the higheft degret
J 'mixture of beau

Imenfionsofthevalea
I J wood, water, and
Ifteep, and goats,
rural riches. Theft
l"i.e fummer, very h
pins, tended by th
Imany rare vegetable
I" the moft elevated
|opper mines have
F10U8 parts of thefe
f'wd; blue nates, of
F got in abundance
Fie, excellent for h
powdonj to the
r'ch the rich vale «
F ms a pleafing coi
pnufa,aure is woolle

which
' Cl^ra.
\ paint.

f wood,
'lie \n-

. U it
5 4 3 '»

1, in the
itcd oil
r.biirp.
id. lu-ar
i.-rk. It
3 fiimoui

of Pic<l-
n u fmull
), M m »

a market
It is fcat-
rancf into
L^flcls m.17
19 ibrlit'ied
in ruins ;
tn" is con-
lofctothe
nriiiis of i.
the V. Mr
ve rrmain .
marthcn ii
|y a mayor,
as 5548 in
There arc
neighbour-

Jig an

and

^ 53W,lat.

of Wales,
ranfliiie, b
forpiinlhirc,
and w by
long and 20
Icres ; is cU-
|and .5 0 p^-
; and lentl»
The num-
|i7 in 1 80 1 1
truiifol in
of wood,
is not fo
Icouiities of
.•rs are the

yria, in Ta-
li the retrcaj:
lor a monaf-
150 m Nje-

Iv, in FriuVu
I'r Indri, : ux

CAR

Carmona, a town nf Spainj !n Andn-
lufia, with many rcmaini of ancient
walls, infcriptions, &c. The gate to-
ward Seville is one of the moft extraor-
dinary piccps of antiquity in all Spain ;
and its caflle, now in ruins, was formtr-
ly of immcnlo extent. It is leated on a
high hill, 36 m NE Seville.

Carnarvon, a horough and feaport of
Wales, capital of Carnarvonfhire, with
a market on Wcdneiday and Saturday.
It is leated on a Hrait of the fea, called
Menai, near its entrance into Car-
narvon bay, and carries on a confider-
able trade with London, Briftol, Liver-
pool, and Iri?land. Here is a celebrated
caftle, built by Edward i, m which his
fon, Edward 11, the firft prince of
Wales was born. Carnarvon is govern-
rj by ihe couftablc of the caftle, who
is always mayor. The number of in-
habitants was "4595 in 181 1. Here are
fait water baths, and elegant hot and
cold baths, which arc much frequented
during the feafon It is 7 m sw
Bingor, and 244 nw London. Lon.
420 w, Lit. 53 8 N.

Canuii-vonjbiret a county of Wales,
bounded on a small part of the s by
Merioncihfliire, on the k by Denbigh-
fhirc, and on all other parts by the iea,
being Separated from Anglefea by the
llrait Menai. It is 50 m long and 13
broad, containing 496,000 .icres ; is di-
vided into 10 hundreds, and 72 pariflics;
has one city and five market-towns ; and
tends two members to parliament. The
number of inhabitants w.i8 41,521 in
1801, and 49,336 in 1811. The prin-
cipal rivers are the Conway and Scint.
This county being the moft rugged
diftridt of N Wales, may be truly called
the Britifh Alps. Its central part is oc-
cupied by the famed Snowdon ; and
the profpeds around are rude and favage
in the higheft degree j but not without
J mixture of beauty, when the di-
menfions of the vales .idmit the varieties
of wood, water, and meadows. Cattle,
flieep, and goats, are almoft its fole
rural riches. Thefe are fed, during
the fummer, very high on the moun-
tains, tended by their owners j and
many rare vegetables, met with only
on the moft elevated fpots, grow here.
[Copper mines have been worked in
arious parts of thefe mountains, as well
lead; blue dates, of a iuperior quality,
te got in abundance ; and quantities of
one, excellent for hones, are dug near
inowdon ; to the dreary region of
hicb the rich vale of Conway below
fms a pleafing cuntraft. The chief
iQufa^ure is woollea cloth.

CAR

(\irnattct a country of the peninfula
of Ilindooftan, extending from thrOun-
toor Circar, alon}<; the whole coaft of
Coromandol.toCapc Comorin; includ-
ing its appt'ndages, which are Tanjorct
Maravar, Trichinopoly, Maduni, and
Tincveily. U is 570 m from n to i*
but no where more than i ao, and com-
monly 75 m wide. The annual reve-
nue of its fovcreign, the nabob of Arcotf
is 1,500,0001. out nf which he pays u
fubfidy of i6o,oool. to the Englifh E
India Company, toward the cxpcnfe of
their military eftablilhment. The Bri«
tifli poncfllons here are confined chiefly
to the diftrift called the J.iphire. The
Carnatic is rich, fertile, and populous,
and contains an incredible number of
forlrcfles : public monuments too, the
unequivocal marks of civilization and
opulence, are more common here than
in the n parts of India. The principal
rivers are the Pennar, Pali.ir, and Ca-
very. In 1787, the Ii India Company
took the .idminiftration of the Carnatic,
and the collection of the nabob's reve-
nues, into their own hands. Arcot it
the capital.

Carnativ/f a town of Hindooftan, io
the province of Delhi. Here, in 1739,
Kouli Khan gained a viiflory over the
army of the great mogul; and in 1761,
the Seiks, under Abdalla, defeated the
Mahrattas. It is 80 m nw Delhi-

Carnefville, a town of the ftatc of
Georgia, chief of Franklin county, 100
m NW Augufta, and 115 nnw Louif-
ville.

Carniola, a late duchy of Germany,
in the circle of Auftria ; bounded on
the N by Carinthia and Stiria, e by
Croatia, s by Morlachia and Iftria, and
w by Friuli. It is diverfified with moun-
tainous paits, having mines of iron and
mercury ; and others fertile and well
cultivated, producing corn, wine, and
oil. In 1809, this country was trans-
ferred to France. Luubach is the ca-
pital.

Carnavat/i, a town of Scetland, in
Lanerklhire, ii m E Lanerk, and 23 sw
Edinburg.

Caroiai/i, a town of Silefia, capital of
a prii;cipality of the fame name, fetited
on the Oder, 14 m nw Glogau.

Carolina, a town of Spain, in Anda-
lufia, the chief of a new colony of the
fame name, in the Sierra Morena. It
ftands on a hill, towering above the
whole fettlement, ao m nb Anduxar.

Carolina^ North, one of the United
States of America; bounded on the n
by Virginia, e by the Atlantic, s by S
Carolina, and w by Teneflee. It is 40*

II

i\

» '1 "*i ti- T^

■pf

1 !'*•

I)'

1 ■'.■"

H;;

ir .1

n- if

It ^^

ir

#

C A R

m l( n^ and 160 bruad, and div'ulrd
Into e\f\\t diftridj; namely, Edciii«>n,
Newljcrn, Wilmington, Tayi'tti', HiiM-
borough, H.ilif.\x, Morgin, and S.ilif-
bury ; and thefc are fun divided inlo
5H coiinlieH. TIil* chief riviTS are the
Chowafi, Uo.iiioakf, Tar, Ncua, and
Cape Fenr. The country, in its wholt*
width, for 60 in from the Tea, i» a dead
level, of winch a great part lies in forelt
»nd \% l)ai ren ; but more inland it riles
into hills and mountains. Wheat, rye,
barley, oat», tobacco, and flax grow
well in till.' hilly iti(lrii5\s ; mai/e and
pu!fe of all kinds, in all parts. Cotton
and herrip are alfo cultivated. The
mod remarkable of its iieesisthe pitch-
pin.' ; it affords pitch, tar, turpentine,
and various kinds of lumber, which,
tcfether, conftitute half the cxportu of
she ftatc. No country produces finer
V'\.'\c and red oak fo» ftavcs } and the
iv, I .py parts abound with cyprcfs and
bay. Among the mcdicit.al hcrbit and
roots, this country abounos with gin-
fcng, Virginia and Seneca fnakeroot,
and lionftieart. In 18 to the number of
inhabitants was r,Ci,si6. The largeft
town is Ncwbern, but the capital ig
Ralegh.

Carolina, South, one of the United
States of America ; bounded on the n
by N Carolina, se by the Atlantic, and
sw and w by Georgia. It is :oo m
long and 125 broad, and divided into
nine diftridls; namtl)r,CharIeflon, Beau-
fort, Gergetown, Nmety-fix, Wafliiiig-
ton, Pinckney, Camden, Orangeburg,
and Chcraw » and thefe are fubdividcd
into 35 counties. The principal rivers
are the Santee, Savanna, Edifto, and
Pedee. This country abounds with pre-
cious ores, and there are likewife found
pellucid ftones of different hues. Bcfide
maize, wheat, rice, &c. for home con-
iumption, large quantities of tobacco,
and fome cotton, indigo, wheat, and
rice are railed for exportatit)n. There
are alfo a variety of medicinal herbs and
roots. In 1810 the number of inhabit-
ants was 414,935. Charlefton and Co-
lumbia are the chief towns.

Caroline Ijlands, a range of iflands in
the N Pacific ocean, difcovered in 16S6
by the Spaniards, in the reign of Charles
II. They lie to the e of the Philip-
pines, between 138 and 154 e Ion. and
8 and 1 1 n lat. They are about 30 in
number, and populous ; the natives re-
fembling thofe of the Philippines. The
tnofl confiderable ifland is Hogoleu^
about 90 m long and 40 broad ; the next
is Yap, at the w extremity of this chain,
btu not above a third part of that iize.

CAR

They htrc been littlo vifited by recent
navigators

('aroma, a town on the k coaft of
Sicily, in Val dl Demona, with a caltli-
The fottfl of its name is by far the
l.tr)(c(l in Sicily, extending 14 m in
Itnpth, and in fome places 6 in breadth,
and produces large qnaiitities of excel*
lent timhtr. The ttjwn Hands on a
lofty hill, a4 m wsw Paiti.

Caroor ; lee Cururu-

Ciirpatliian Mountains, a grand cliaiii
which divides Hungary and Traiil'yl-
vania from Poland, extending about 500
mili-s.

( 'ar^entnria, a Urge bay on the N coaft
of New Holland, dilcovered, in i6i8,
by a Dutch captain nami d Carpentrr.
That part of the country which borderi
on the R fide of the bay is alio cnlltd
Carpentaria.

Cnrfentrai, a town of France, in ihf
department of Vaucluli*. It wai for-
merly the capil d of Venaiffin, and a
bilhop's fee. It is leatcd on the Aufon,
at the foot of a mountain, 14 m nb
Avignon. Lou. 5 6 e, lat. 44 8 v.

Carpi, a town of Italy, in Modcnefe,
w ith a fortified caRle .ind a good trade.
It ftauds on a canal to the Sccchia, 8 m
N Mudena.

Carpi, a town of Italy, in Veronefe,
where a viftory was gained by the Auf.
Irians over the French, in 1701. It
is feated on the Adige, 24 m se Ve-
rona.

Carraza, a town of Spain, in Anda-
lufia, on the e fide of the harbour of
Cadiz. Here are docks for building
(hips, magazines of naval (lores, and i
college for the marines. It is 9 m esk
Cadiz.

Carrick on Shanntn,:!L town of Ireland,
capital of the county of Leitrim. It ii j
a (mall place, with little trade or manu-
fa^ure, feated on the Shannon, 88 m j
www Dublin. Lon. 8 3» w, lat. ij|

Carrick »n Suir, a town of Ireland, I
in Tipperary, famous for its woollen
cloth, called ratteen. It is feated 011 1
the Suir, 22 m se Calhel.

Carrickfergus, a feaport of Ireland, I
a county of itlelf, and the chief town of j
the county of Antrim, with a caftle. It|
fends one member to parliament, and iil
feated on a bay of its name, in the Irilhl
channel, 85 m n by K Dublin. Lon. 6|
14 w, lat. 5448 K.

Carrie kmacrofs, a town of Irelandi in
the county of Monaghan, 19 ui tsf
Monaghan.

Carrion, a town of Spain, in LeonI
with ten pariih churches ten conventti

^i^i

by recent

r coaft of
h 3 cnftK-
)y far the
14 m ill
n br»'.ulth,

•« «)f CXCtl'

ands on a

tr.ind cliaiii
(1 Trail I'yl-
g about 500

n the N coaft
(•d. in 16181
I Carpenter,
hich borderi
5 alio calltii

lancc, in the
It was for-
lailHn, and 1
)n the Aufon,
lin, 14"^*"

in Modcnefe,

a good trade.

5 Sccchia, 8 m

(A R

and fwo hofpitulft ; fralcd on thff river
C.irrion, iH m n Palcntia, and 40 w
Itiiri;o8.

CWrrewi* river of Scotland, in Stirlinpf-
Ihire, which rifes on the s lidc of the
Campff y hills, and flovvi into the frith
of Forth, below Falkirk. Two m from
iti foiirco, it forrn^ a fine cafcade, called
the Fall of Aut'hinlilly; atul nc>r Its
mouth commenci'fl tht? Hrcat Canal
from the Forth to the Clyde.

Carron, n village of Scotland, in Stir.
Iiii|?lhir(*, on ih« river Carron, s m N
Falkirk, Cflcbr.tted fort^c greatrft iron-
work* in F.uro»)e. Tht'Cc wcirku employ
about 1600 men ; and, on an aterapc,
tile weekly Hoc tons of coal, 4ootoniicf
iroiiftone, and 100 tons of liT.cflonc.
All forts of iron j^ood.s are made lierr,
from the mod triflinK article to the
hrgcft cannon ; and the Ihort pioc»' of
ordnance, called a carronadr, hrncc 1 r-
cfivcd \U name. The trade ":. coke and
lime is alfo confiderable. Thi'fc wot ks
were credted in 1 761, and are carried on
by a chartered company.

Cart, two rivers of Scotland, in Rt-n-
frcwihirc. diftinguilhcd hy the apptrlla-
!!oin of Black and White. The Black
Cirt iffues from the lake Lochwinnoch ;
ihe White Cart defcends from the nk

in Veronefe, ■ jngle of the county ; and they both

ed by the Auf-
in 1701. It
m seVc-

into the Oryfe, a ffw miles before
itsconfl'ix with the Clyde.

Cartago, a city of New Spain, capi-
U of Cofio Rico, and a Wifliop's fee.
Htreare fomc rich merchants. It (lands
on a river of the fame name, 70 m from
its month in the Pacific ocean. Loii.
84iaw, lat. 10 15 N.

i'artama, a town of Spain, in Gra-
nida, at the foot of a mountain, near
tke river Guadala Medina, 8 m nw
Malaga.

Carteret I/Iand, an ifland in the Pa-
ific ocean, feen by capt.iin Carteret in
^767. It is 18 m long from e to w.

n. 159 14 E, lat. 8 a6 s.

Carter/viUe, a town of Virginia, in
'owhatan county, feated on James ri-

T,4o m WNw Richmond.

L... . ^Carthajjey Cape, a promontory on the

port of Ireland.Bcoaft of the kingdom of Tunia, near

le chief town oMiJch ftood the famous city of Car-

with a caftle'^it^ge, razed by the Romans, and fame

cniive ruins are to be feen on the

ft The E point i« 16 m ene Tunis.

n lo JO E, lat. 36 50 N.

^arthagena, a ftrojig city and fi'aport

ipain, in Murcia, built by Afdrubal,

flhagcnian general, and named after

city of Carthage. It is the lee of a
'P> and a great mart for merchandifc.

14

pain, in Anda-
he harbour of
s for building
al ftores, and ii
It is 9 m ESE

own of Ireland,
Leitrim. It i«
trade or manu-
Shannon, 88 m
, 31 w, lat. SJ 1

)wn of Ireland,
"or its woollen
It is feated 011

arliament,andi»,
name, in the mfc,

Dublin. Lon.6
wn of Ireland, in
'han, «9 >n ^5'

Spa"'"' '" ^?.l
e$, ten convenul

CAR

It has the belt harbour in Spain ; itlfo
the molt conruler.d)lc dockn and maga«
y.ine*. The principal crops of builU
are produced in it» vicinity \ and a flim
rcil earth, rallfd nlmagra, ufed in po-
liftiing mirn.r*, and pre[).iriiig toh.icco
f(vr limlV. Carlliagena was taken by fir
John I.'aki- in 1706, but the dnke of
Iliimfw'ick rttot.k it. It is fr.itcd on a
gulf of tlic iinie name, a; m 1 Murcia.
Lon. low, l;it. ■^^ ,^7 N.

Carthiiy^enn, a proviice of Terra ' r«
mn, Innindrd on tin; w by the ifthrMia
of Parieii, N hy tlie Caril)can fea, k by
Si. Mirtha, and 8 by Popayan. It ii .n
mountainous country, but has many
wcll-wntercd and fntile villicj; yet,
being thinly peopled, it is ill cultivated.
It pKHlnccs a varn.'iy of vain able tlriign,
an<l fomo prccous llones, particularly
emeraMn.

Ciirtlinfi;fna, a ff.iport of Terra Fir-
ma, capital of the province of the fame
name, a- * one of the molt populous
opulei;'! .-.nt' Seautiful cilien in S Ame-
rica. It, h: our is the fafcft and bcft
fortifi' ■ in ft .Sp.inilh American domi-
nions. It wan the port in which the
galleons firl\; begun to trade, on flieir
airivil 0 -m Fnrape ; ;md to which they
returned to prepare for their voyage
ho; -ward. This circumdance railed
its . iportance, which now muft be af-
Feiftrd by the change in the Si)nni(}i
lyllem of trade with An't»rica. Th<«
city is nearly furrounded by the fca; on
the K it communicates by means of a
wooden bridi/e with a large fuburb,
built on an illand, which communicrttea
with the continent by another bridge,
it was taken by the En;.;li(h in i5M5,and
by the French in ift<;7, who found a
great booty : but admiral Vernon, in
1 74 1, though he had taken the forts,
was obliged to abandon the iiege. Lon.
7543 w, la^ 10 25 N.

Cartmfl, a town in Lancafln're, with
a market on Monday. It has a fpacious
old church, with a curious tower, being
a fquare within a fquare, the upper part
fet diagonally within the lower. It is
feated among the hills called Cartmel
Fell^, not far from the fea, 14 m N by
vv Lancaftcr, and a^o nnw Lonilort.

Caruru, or Caroor, a town of Hindoo*
ftan, in the province of Coimbetore,
with a neat fort, in which is a largo
temple. Much fugar-cane is raifed iti
the vicinity. It is feated on the Ama-
rawati, 8 m above its conflux. with the
Cavery, and 37 ne Daraporam.

Varivar, a town of Ilindooftan, in
tbc province of Canara, and a BritiiK

l'^.

W . \

CAS

felllftDfrt. It it f«*atc<l nnr llif moulh
of till' Aliga, 50 m «kK (;>m Lon. 74
14 *■* lat. 14 5a N.

( 'tiryj/ort, or Murrfr/Jin, a horotish
of It(l4nil. ill the county of Wickl(»w.
lltTf in a fr«ifchool foiiiidctl by Cli.irKi
I. It it 14 m Hw VVicklow, and {4 1
Dnhlin.

(\i/'ae, or T/ir/ir, a country in tlit* do>
minion* of Ptrlia, on tlic fruiiticm of
Aimt'nij, povtrncd by jjrincrn of ill
own, nominally liibjrO't to IVrtia. 'I'hi*
inhabit4nli an-di-fccndcd from the Cof-
facst and reprcfcntcd as a nidf and bar-
baron* people. Ciif.ic, or Lore, it the
t-apitai, ^5 m nnw Liivan. Lon. 4434
t, lat- 40 50 V.

Caja,ijranJe, a town of New Spain, in
the V p.irt of 8onf)ra. llvtr are the
ruins ot an Aztrc city j in the midit of
which i* an imm<Mifc edificis fuppofcd
to have been built by the ancient Mexi-
can! for a fortrefi), confilling of three
Hoorg, with a terrace -bovc them ; and
tliP entrance i« at the fecond floor, that
a rcaling- ladder wn> neceffary. It is
tituate in a vail plain, on the left bank
of the Gila, 230 m nw Arifpe. Lon.
Ill o w, lat. 3.1 35 K.

Cajiil, a town of Piedmont, lately the
capital of Montferrat, and a bifhop'x fee.
Iti caflle, citadel, and ^ll its fortifica-
tions have been demolilhed. It is feat-
ed on the river Po. 37 m ne Turin.
Lon. 8 z^ E, Kit. 45 18 N.

('tiji! Maffgiore, a town of Italy, in
the duchy of Milan, on the river Fo, 10
ni t-^K Cremona.

Caj'al Nucva, a town of Naples, in
Calabria Ultra. An earthquake hap-
pened here in 1783, by which upward
of 4000 inhabitants loft their lives. It
Hands near the lea, 11 in n by w Op*
pido.

Ca/biti, or Caf'uin, a city of Terfia,
in Irak Agemi, where fevcral of the
kings of Perfin have relided. Nadir Shah
built a palace here, enclofed by a wall
a mile and a half in circumferciioe ; and
the town is furrounded by anotiicr 4 m
in circuit. Although the greater part
of the city is in ruitis, it is ytt very po-
pulous, and carries on a great trade
with Ghiian. It is feated in a fine
plain, 80 m NNW Teheran. Lon. 49 40
c, lat. 36 12 N.

Cafcantt', a town of Spain, in Na-
varre, on the boi lers of Arjgon, 6 m N
Tarazona, and 8 s Tudela.

Cafcaisf a town of Portugal, in Eftre-
madura, at the mouth of theTitjo, 17 m
w Lifbon.

Gajihau ; fee Cajhvia.

CAS

i'rt'cn B/>'/, a I'^y of MalT.ichiifitt,
in tl-r diltriet of M.iinr, bctwtiti Capr
I'.lilnl.eth O'l the «w, .iiul C.ipe Small
Point on the nk,. Within thefc pomli,
which iire about 40 m Rpatt, Nie about
300 finall iflantU, fitmecif them iiihahit-
vd, .'iiid lit ally all more or Icfit cnlti-
v.ited. The luy extend* fcveial arriii
or crcekn into the coimtry. and receivci
the watitsof feveral rivern.

Ca/htrt, » town of Naples, in Tcrri
»li Lavoro. Here is a royal palace, (.fa
quadrangular form, whii.h is one ot tht
nohU'ft in Europe for magnitude, (leva,
tion, and teKnbtiiy i and it is fiippiicd
with water brought acrofs a valley iiy*
grai.d aquedutJl, which in Irnijtii -id
elevation iurpiilei all limilar edific( -. of
ntodcrn conllrudinn. The town wji
grcitly damaged by an e.irth(|uakt; iy
ifio3. It is 15 m N N.iplcL..

t'ajhan \ Ice t'acfian.

CW/ii^/, a city of Ireland, in the county
of Tipperary, and an archbilhop's fer
It had formerly a wall ; and part of twu
gatHB .ire ^ill remaining. The nncicnt
cathedral, now in ruins, is fuppulultit
have been th." firft ftone edifice in Ire-
land. A fynod wan held here by llmf
I, in iijfl, by which the kingdom ui
Ireland was confirmed to him. The
modern cathcdi jl, which ferves alfoforj
A parifli church, is a large and hind
fome ediHce. The city is well inhabiUd
for its Cue, but has no tr.ide. It lends
member to parliament, and is 86 m s
Dublin. Lon- 8 10 w, lat. 51 26 ^'.

i.'ajhpfur, or Little Bokhariu, .• coun'
try of Ulbec Tartary , which commenci
on the M and ne of Calhmere, in Hi
dooftan (from which it is feparat
by the Ilimmaleh mountains) and t\
tend.4 to 40 N lat. Great part of it is
faniiy defcrt ; the othti parts are popi
lous and fertile. Here are mines of go
and filver, which the natives do n
vvork,becaii(e they arc employed wholl
in feeding cattle. The raufli ar.imi
arc found in this country. It likew
produces diamonds and feveral olli
precious (tones. Irekcn is the c.ipit.il

CaJ}j}(ur, a cit y of Ufbec Tattary, t
merly the capital of the country of tj
fame name. It has a good trade w
the neighbouring countries, and (l.i[
ai the foot of the Himmaleh mountai
urns Ireken. Lou. 73 15 e, l^ii-

30 K.

Cajhmere<, a province of Hindo"!
fubjcCt to the king of Candahar, <ir
tan of the Afghans; bounded 011 tti
by the Indus, n by Mount Himmaj
and )t and s by Lahore It is an

[T.ich>iftt«,
vccn Cap^
:.»pc %n\»\\
iffe poiiil«.
, Kit- ahoiit
tn\ iiihiihit-
Icf* cuUi-

iikI rtcctvti

M. ^n Tern
1 palace, of »
\$ ni\r ot «h«

il U ftH)plici»
a viilley l>Y »
n Ifoijtli -111
lar eilifict > of
lie lovvn wa»
Mrl\»(ivukc ill

, in the county
chhUhop's fc
ind part of Wo
. The ancient
, is fuppoluliJ
r edifice in lf«
A here by Ufnry
he kinmlom oi

to hiin. Tilt

:h fcivcs alfi) f"

.irge and h\nd

is wcU inhab\lcJ

trade. U li^n^i'

and is 86 mv
Ut. sii^f*'
oiharin, .' coun'
vhich commence

:alhm»:ri'. in Hi
it is foparat'
juntains) and f:
reat part of it is
n part8 are pop
•are mines "fg"
e natives do n
e employed wholl
'he rouikar.im:

nury. li f'l
and feveval oti
Vi-n is the capi"'
j(bc-cTaitary,t(
the country otq
a good trade w
juntries, and ^
mmuleh roounti'i

n. 73-5 f' '*'
J of Hindo il

lUce
■u

f C.indahar, <ir
r bounded on ih
Mount Himmi]
luUorc. Itw»"

CAS

filed vjitlev, 90 m lung and 5* broad,
iurroundcil by (lerp motintaini, which
towrer above »hi' r»'jji')iu of fnow. The
periodical rainst, which jlmoft drhiKC
the red of Indi 1. Arc Ihtit out of C.iOi-
mer«' by the hfight of the n^ountulni,
that only liprht (howrr» fall hen- ; but
Ihili' flr<' liirticirntly abundant to f«'f«l
hundreds of calcad«"s, which are pre-
fipitatid into the valley. Thi? (oil it
rhc richeft that can he conceived, and
itii produrtions thofe of the temprrate
/nnc. Th<* ninnerous (lream!t, from all
quartern of the valley , bring thrir tribute
to the Chelurn, a large Havi)^able river)
and many fmalt lakis an- Iprvad over
the fiirfare, fomc of which contain
floating idands. Rut the country is
lul)je«fl to earthquakes; and. to guard
jg.iinft the moft trrrible ifrci^'ls, all the
huuft's arr built of wood. Among
other curious manufadlurcs of Calli-
mcre, is that of (hawls; and the delicatt;
wool >)f which the fined are made is
the produtt of a (pecies of goat of this
country, or of the adjoining Tibet.
Here .^re bred 11 fpccies of (hecp, called
Hundiu), which are ennployed in car-
rying burdens. The Calhrncicaus arc
(tiRiUnd well made ; but th«-ir features
iitcn coarfe and broad t-ven the women
ire of a dci'p brown complexion; but
ihcy are gay and lively, and fond of
panics of pleafurc on their beautiful
Likti. They have a Ianguij;c of their
own, faid to be anterior to that of the
S^nfcrit ; and a religion too, it is thought
dlfftrent from that of the Hindoos. The
fupcrftilion of the inhabitants has mul-
tiplied the places of worlhip of Maha*
dco, Brel'chan, and Br.<ma : all dlh-
mere is holy land, and miraculous foun-
tains aboiuid.

Ca/hniire, a city of Hindooftan, capi-
tal or the province of Calhmere. Here
are many fountains, refervoirs, and tem-
ples. The ftrccts arc narrow and dirty.
The houfes, m.iny of them two and
three ftorics high, are (lightly built of
brick and mortar, with a large inter-
mixture of timber ; and on the roofs is
laid A covering of fine earth, which is
planted with a variety of flowers. This
city is without walls, and teated on both
tides of the Chelum, 285 m k by s
Cabul. I, on. 73 n e, lai. 33 49 n.

CajPe, a town of Spain, in Aragon,
where Ferdinand i v w.is elefted king of
Anigon. It ft nds at the conflux of the
Gaudalouptj and Ebro, 35 m s Bal-
lallro, and 44 se Saragofla.

Cajpitin Sea, a great lake of Afia ;
bounded on the n by the country pf the

CAS

Kalrnucs, 1 by a tribe of the Tiirca-
nnns. s by Pcrfl/i, and vv by Georgia and
L'lrcalli.i. Il I.. A8o m in length, from
Ouricf to Mi-dlhctifir, .md in no p.irt
more than 160 in bre.idth. It cont.iina
fevrral ill-indx, but none of any note 1
and on account of fie(|uent fho.d^. it is
not navigibic for v< lli'li drawing moru
th.m 10 feet water, though in fonie parts
.1 line of 45 J fathom* will not reach the
bottom. It has no tides, but violent g.«k-S
raufc Itrong currents j and thr wat«T
is br,u:kilh. but n-jt fait. Th.> filhcry is
a mirlt-ry for f.iilors. The IJr.dian Cof-
faca «rijoy the right of filhing on the
cold 47 m on each fide of the river
Ur.il ; and the inhabitants of Adracan
have an exilufive privilege on the re-
maining Ihon-s belonging to Kuflia.
The roes of the diirgeon and belug.i
fupply large qmntiiies of caviare i and
the fifli, which arc chiclly falted and
dried, form a confiderable article of con-
fiiinption in the Uufllin empire. The
falmoii is remarkal>ly fine, and herring!
are in great numbers.

Caj/'aHiiriii, a town of Holland, on
the hw fide of the iilaml of Cadfand,
of which it is the capital. It ftaiids at
the mo.ith of the Zwin, j m n Sluys.

Lon. 3 24 K, hit. St 22 N.

I'lijitno, a town of Italy, in Milanefe,
with a cadlc. Heir prince Kiigenc,
in 1705, was checked in attt-mpting
to force the pair^gc of the Adila ; and
in 1799 the French w^re dcl'eated by
the Audrians. It is I'cAtcd on the Adda,
15 m Nt Milan.

i-'ajjano, a town of Naples, in Cala*
bria Citr I, 14 m nw KolVaiio, and 50
ESK Policadro.

Ciijjai/, or Meckhy, a country of
Afi.i, bounded on thi* w by Bengal, n
by Aniiin, E and sk hy Birmah,aiid sw
by Aracin. The iuhabitanis are called
Muggaloos, a tribe of rude mountain-
eers little known. It is now fubje(5t to
the Birmans. Munnypour is the capital.

Cqjfclt^ city of Germany, capital of
Lower lIclFe. It is divided into the Old
Town, Lower New Town, and Upper
New Town ; the former two are chiefly-
built in the ancient dyle, but the lad is
very rcgul.ir ami handfome. The inha-
bitants are ellimated at 25,000, and
they have manuf i6tures of linen, cloth,
hats, porcel.iin, itc. Here is a college,
founded by the landgrnvc in 1709. The
cadle, or palace, the g-iidtns, the arfe-
nal, the fouudery, iin? llie cabinet of
curiofities, deferve the at'cntiou of -la-
vellers. It was taken by tiie Frenc.i in
1760, and reftored at the peace in 1763.

1.4

•♦fi

M* t

(«I

I'"

1

I'

f.fV,. !'

■ > V

< . :.: f ■ 1.11

It (• ftatrJ 01) tlif Ftil<l4, 40 m II
Padcrborii. I.on. <> i< n, lit< 51 '9 "•

t'a/fel, » ftiong j«)wn of Ocnntny,
fituate on ilic Rhine, oppontr Mciit/,
with which it hjt « cominunicitiori liy
4 briJK«-' nl boati. It w.i» uken by the
FrencU in i?.;*, ami rttAken by the
I*runiaii« in 17*13. 1" *"<'''* ^^ ^•'^'
trankfcrred to France

Cii/tt, a town i)f France, in the it«-
partment of Nord, will* a fottifirtl taf-
tlc I fcatid on a muuiit.iin, 10 m nk
8t. Omcr.

' \i//i»i>iHn ixtcnfivif empire In NfRro-
land, to tl)e w of Uurnou. It refcmblci
Uomoti III climatet foil, and n.itiir.il
pKiduCtionii, and in the culuiir, |;cniiii,
rtlii(ion,andKov<'rnmcnt of thr people
'I'iic raiiu ate indeed Wh violent; and
iu muiikicii iiui parrots (Icldom fccn in
buriiou) arc iiumcrou«t and of v.iriotri
Ipecii't- A thouland towni and villages
iire faiil to be included in thii empire.

i'iijifia, the capital of the rmnire of
the lame name. The chief trade i'. in
fcnu, Kold-duft| (lavei, cotton clotlii
goat (kins, ox and buffalo hidcn, and
civet. It ill 750 m wsw Bornou. Lon.
11 j5 r, lat. 1540N.

Caj/i', a town of Francei In the d**-
parlnient of Months of the Rhone, with
a finall port on the Meditcnaneani 9 m
flti M.iriViiles.

Caffovia, or Cafchaut a ftrong town
of Hungary, with a fine arfenal, (catcd
near the Hurat, 8j m v. by v Schemnitz.
Lon. ao 55 t, lat- 48 40 k.

Ca/lagnolii, a town of Piedmont, on
th«' river Po, 8 rn s Turin.

Cajianiftin, or Knllutnoni, a town of
Afiaiic Turki^y, in Nalolia, formerly u
large city, but now much reduced in
fi/c and inai^niticence. It is 240 m
K Conftantinuple. Lon. ,^4 21 e, lat.
44 4 J N.

Caj}el Aragonefe^ a fortified feaport
of Sardinia, and a bifhop's ffe. It was
the firib place taken in this idand, at the
end of the thirteenth ci-ntury, by the
Araj^ontf*-, whence its iiam<'; but in
1767. the king ordered it to bn called
Callel Sardo. It ftandson the Nw coift,
to m NE Saffari. Lon. 9 i k, lat.
40 56 N.

(Jajlel Baldot a town of Italy, in Pa-
duan, on the river Adige, 40 m sw
Padtia.

Cajt'.l Braucn, a flrong town of Por-
tugral, in li.lia, with a cafllf and two
ch'jrv-hes. In 1761, it was taken by the
Spa.iiaai-s. Ic it. 6» m se Coimbra. Lon.
7 22 w, lat 39 52 N.
Cajlel Polit, a town of Spain, in Ca-

V, An

UUm\», on an rmiitrncc near th« rivff
Fitlvia. M m w ()(>riM)«.

*'n/ht irttnto, X town of Italy, !■
Tr«*tiiano, n m w Trevifo.

i'ajlrl GonJtl/o, a town of Italy, in
Campngna di Rom.i, nearth* Ukr Al-
bano. N'ar thii pl.ite is the vilU R«r.
barini, where an* thr niiiii of an itn.
mcnfe palace, built by emperor Duini*
tian. it U 10 m s by I Rom*.

Cafll Jnloux, a town of Prance, In
the department of Lot and Oarittiiir,
with a conlidvrable trjdc in wiiir,
honey, and cattle \ featedon thr Avanc*-,
ao m K by a Bazai, and ja w by n
Agrn.

('iifUl n Mnrt, \ town on the N coaft
of 8icil)r, in V al di Ma/ara, fcatid on a
bay of Its name, »^ m w by » Palermn

( Vi/Zi"/ a Miitf JtUn BruiCiit a town of
Naples, in Piincipito Citra, near tiie
I'eacoalt, 18 m w by n Pulicaltro.

Cajlel a Mart M Slabiii, a town of
Naples, in Principato Citra, where tint
Ihipi of the royal navy are built. It
ftands on the lite of the ancient Stabi],
at the foot of a woody mountain on
the bay of Naples, ij m ssr Naples.

Cajiti Niiaiio, a town of Dalmatij,
on the gulf of Cataro, 12 m n by w
Cataro.

(■0jiel Nuovo, a town of Sicily, in
Val di Mazara. feated on a hill, 34 m
» by R Palermo.

CajM Nuovo di Carfagnana, a (own
of Italy, in Modenelc, with a ftronj;
fort ; feated in the valley of CartaKnana, |
on the river Serchio, 18 m N Lucci, |
and .^7 »sw Modcna.

Cftjlf/de la Plana, a town of Spain. I
in Valencia, near the fcueoait, 46 m{
NNE Valencia.

('ujiti HoJrigo, .1 town of Portugal,]
in Bi-ira, 1 1 m n Pinhel.

Ca/lel Rnjjo, an ifland in the Mali-
tcrranean, near the coalt of Caramani<i,|
90 ni p. Rhodes. It ii 2 m lon^', andliail
a fccure road and harbour. Lon. 29 :i[
E, lat. 36 7 N.

('ajlel Sara/in, a town of France, inl
the department of Upper Garonne, m
in wNvv Touloufc.

Cnjiel Tonifjf, a town of luiropc.inj
Turkey, in Morea, filu ite on a c ipc utl
the Mediterranean, between tic ilUndr
Zante and Cifaloma. The callle (I i:,il^
on a confidi-rable eminence; iuul tli
I'urks maintain a g.iriifon here. It i^
30 m u\v Pairas, and 66 nw Tripoliz/.ij
Lon. 21 5 K, l,it. j'; 58 N.

Ca/lel y^ftgre, a town of Naples, i:l
Calabria Ultrj, 33 m s Squillace. J

C/iJlel yetrano, a town of Sicily, i^

Val di Matar

which !•« tohl

•rmour. It h

Alenlcjo, H Ml
(■'tt/lflauft, II
depnlmiiitof I
of Germany, in
It U at III iitw
Ca/l///„tt/, n
(le|>jrtm»nt of i
al.iltfprinK,fro
ill Inch abiindan
the very (ourc»
Verdon, ill a h
Dixne.

^'ajltllnHUta,
Terra d'Oiranii
^'ttjl^llarm, a •
luan, (, m nk M
<'>iJleflo)tt a to
l')nia, at the inoi
of Rofea, H m w
' ttjlflnnudaryt
the dep.iitinptit
n'tice, at the fooi
b.ilinofthe Canal
Carca/lonc.

^'ajltr, a town
partmcnt of Roei
m the duchy of J
fi»«'r Erlt, «} m i J
}-'aJlig/tmo, a t(
Siennele, <m a Ijk
which couimunici
produce* much f 1
MalTa. '

(ojiiglione, a fil

in Mdfituan, wit]

lakcai bjr the Aul

the French defcal

''06, and again inl

Mantua. Lon. lof

^ajHU, the prill

lent of the kingdJ

was formerly divl

tlie two provinces f

tile ; the former ij

^rom the Moors

latter.

CajWle, Old, a I
'90 in long and
on the 3 by New
and Navarre, n h\
* I w by Leon.

^ajHU, NerM, ,
of Spam, 200 m ,
bounded on the nI
Aragon and ValenI
Andalulia, and wf
"divided into thif
•Je N, Mancha \A
^\}' Madrid isl
^afltUifn^ a fowl

C A«

V«l cli ^f«llra. Here ii « paUc**, In
which II « i'onnitrr.ibli> coIIi'^idii of olJ
■riniuir, It ii N m f n». M4;cir4.

Cajitl Ji I'ti//,^ uiwrii of I'ortiifAt, in
Al("t''i», II Ml *.m VnrlAltgrv,

C,4/itltiuH, ii tuwti <>l' France, in the
Jepnimriit t)l' Kliiticaiul Mi)<illc Litrly
«)f Germ my , in (hr CDuiity ut tfputihclm-
Itii aj iiiii«w Coblfntz-

i'ajle//,in/, n town of Prance, in the
(Icjiurtmtnt of Lower Alp» Nr ir it i»
I Ijlt rprint;,t'rom which the wati-r ilTue*
ill I'lich .ibiiiidAncr, at to turn i mill at
the vt'ry lourcc It ii (rated on thr
Vt-rdon, in u liilly country, ao m kK
Dignc.

CajleHtiHttta, a town of Nanles in
Terra d'Otranto, k; m wnw Tnranto.

i'aj/^llara, a town ot Italy, in Man*
tuan. i> in nk M.mtua.

i'tijh//o>f, i\ town of S^ain, In Cata-
lonia, at tlwmouthof a iivrr in thegulf
uf Koffi, H in w l)y « Rofi*!.

i'aj}eliiaudar^t •> town of France, in
the dfp.iitinfti't ol' Auilr, on an cmi-
nrnce, at Ihf foot of which i« the grnnd
b.itiii of the Canal Royal. It is 15 m w
Cji'canbne.

i'lijitr, a town of France, in the de-
partmcnt of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the duchy of Julirm ; fcatcd on the
rivfr Eril, >4 m 1 Julicrs.

t'ajli^/tmo, a town vi' Tufcany, in
SieniiL'le, on a lake of the lamu name,
which communicat)':) with the fea, and
produces much filt. It is is m s by e
Mjfla.

(all iglione, a fortified town uf Italy,
in M<tntuan, with a caltlc< It was
tukcni by the Auftrians in 1701 ; and
the French defeated them near it in
Mo6,and again in i796> ItistomNw
1 of Portugal, I Mantua. Lon. 10 3: k, lat. 45 13 m.

Cajli/e, the principal and molt opu-
lent of the kingdoms into which Spain
was formerly divided. It now forms
the two provinces of Old and New Caf-
tile; the I'ormiT having been ncovcrcd
from the Moors fome time before the
latter.

CaJliU, Old, a province of Spain,
190 m long and no broad; bounded
on the 3 by New Caftile, e by Aragon
and Navarre, N by BilLay and Afturias,
ii vl w l)y L«'on. Burgos is the capital.

Ca/liU, New, or 'I'olede, a province
of Spain, 200 m long and iRo broad ;
bounded on the n by Old Caftile, e by
Aragon and Valencia, s by Murcia and
Andalulia, and w by liftrcmadura. It
is divided into three parts ; Argaria to
;he N, Mancha to ihe s, and Sierra to
the B. Madrid is the capital.

Cajiillati, a town of France, in the

r A«

(tepartmrnt of Girondr, frated on the

Doi'duKnc. l^ m ». R<Mirdi'4itx

Cii/iiHft* towiiof ih)-di(tti^l t)f Maine,
chici of ilanctick cotiniy. It i» fitiMie
on Prnobfcot hay, 6j m wtw Mtichiii
Lor. A* 0 w, tat. 44 t^ n.

C4tjlU f'ftr_^, a town in Somerli^tfhlre,
with a market on t'uefday, la in il
Wills, and 1 m w by % London.

C/i/i/t Dott^lai, a town of Scotland,
in Kirkciidliriglnlhire, with a confldcr-
abli* manulaw'tuic of cotton. It was
formerly cilltil Carlinwark. and is Uatcd
ni'ar thi? n corner of 4 lake of that
name, 7 m NR Kirkcudltiight.

(■'(ijllt liijing, a bort)u^li in Norfolk,
governed by a miyor. The market ii
now dit'urcd, its harbour cluiked up,
and the oal^le, whence it has Its name,
ii in rtiiiiii It Is 7 m Vk. Lynn, .ind loj
NNr. Loiuloii.

i'ujlUhar, a town of Ireliiiid, the moft
conlidi'iahU* in the county of Mayo-
The alli/ri arc heUI here. It has .1 great
linrn trade, -ind is ja m Nw Tu.im.
Lon. 9 44 w, lat. 534'' n.

Ciiiilteomtr, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Kilkenny, near which arc ex-
tenllvo coal-mines. It i« 10 ni n Kit*
kenny.

Cti/l/fd^rmot, Mown o{ TreUnd, in the
county of Kildarr, formerly a walled
town, and the relidence of the Irilh
kings who bore the n.ime of Dcrmut.
It iii 7 ni SB Athy.

('tiJJMiaven, a town of Irelantl. in the
coumy of Cork, with a calUe, fituate on
n bay to which it gives name, 6 m

NK Baltimoie.

('njlleknock, a
the county of
formeily a ftronii

town of Irelanfl, in
Dublin. Here waa
cattle and an ahbiy ;
the former is in tuins, and the latter is
now the parilh churcli. Il is j m NW
Dublin.

^'ajHelyons, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Cork, with confulerable re-
mains of a monadery; fituaie near the
river Bride, ao m kne Cork.

CajUemain, u town of Ireland, in the
county of Kerry, fituatc on the river
Mang, which flows into Calllemain
harbour, being thehe.id of Dingle bay.
It is 6 m s Tralcc, and a8 e Dingle.

CajUemartyr, a borough of Ireland^
in thi* county of Cork, 20 m b Cork.

(■'njllepollard, a town of Ireland, in
W Meath, 11 m N Mullingar

CajUereagfi, a town of ' land, in
the county of Kofcummon r m ww
Kofcommon.

Caftltton, a town in Lancaiahe,confi-
derable for its trade and manufactures.
Tl'e inhabitant! w^re $460 in iSoiy

liv"

' ^'

aad 672.^ in
Rochdale.

CAS

18 1 1. It is

J m .1 by w

M

m

-■^ #!'

<'aJr!eton, a village in the peak of
Dcrhyihirc, 5 m n Tidtfwell It h fitu-
ate at the foot of a rock above 150 ffct
high, on which are the n'main^i of .1
caftle, afcribcd to William Pcverel,
natural fon of VVilliam i. Three of
the fcven wonders of the peak arc in its
neighboiirhoitd ; the Devil's Cave, Mam
Tor, and Eldcn lloie. Tht; firll is a
cavern in the rock abovementioncd,
whofi' arched eninmce is 42 feet high
and ijovvide. whi h becomes narrower
as it piooceds, ano ..he roof defccnds to
within tv,") tect of the fiirface of a
brook ; this bei:tg palTed over, anoMier
large cavern lurcceds, with feveral high
openir^gs in thi' roof, which defceiids
again to a It'cond brook ; after which is
athirdcavnn culled Roger R.iin'sHoufe,
becaule of the perpetual dropping : the
length of the whole cavern is 617 yards.
Matn Tor, a mile w of the village, is a
mountain, 1300 feet above the level of
the valley, on the top and (ides of which
is a camp, fuppofed to be Roman : it
overtops the whole Peak country ; and
the vulgar ilory is that this hill is con-
tinually crumbling, without being di-
mioilhed Elden H'!e, a mile s of Mam
Tor, is a perpendicular gulf or chafm
in a limeftone rock, the depth of which
is unfathomable, its fides being fo very
fhelving and irregular ; it has been
piu'iibed from 192 to 295 yards, 40 of
whiv!. feemed to be in water

Cajileioxvn, th? capital of the ille of
Man, near the s coaft, with a rocky and
fhallow harbour, which checks its com-
merce, and renders it inferior to Dou-
glas in mod rcfpe<fls. In the centre of
the tov'ii, nn a high ruck, is Cuftle Ru-
fhen, a magnificent pile, bui!t of free-
ftone in 960, by Gultred, a prince of
the Danilh lint, who lies buried in the
edifice. It is occupied by the governor
of thv fland, aiid on one hilo of it are
the ciiinceiy offices, and good l»a« racks.
Near the to>^ n is a fine quarry of black
marble, wiicuct the (leps ol St. Paul's
church, in London, were taken. Lon.
438 w, lat. 53 SS ^'"

Cajlhtowrif a town of Scotland, in
Rcxbuiglhire, feated on the Liddel,at
the iii.Hux of the Hermitui^c, 30 m ssw
Jedburg.

Cajitetnillan, a town of Ireland, in
the county of Down, on a fmall lake,
to which it gives name, ifi m ene
Newry.

Caftres, a city of France, capital of
the departmer.t of Tarn, and lately an
<pifcopal fee. In the reiga of Lewis

C A S

xni it was a kind of proteftant re-
public; but in 1629, its fortifications
were di'moliflud. It is the birthplace
of Rapin Tiioyras and M. D.icier, lug
agoodtiude, and contains 100.000 in-
habitants. In the vicinity turkois ftones
have been found It is iValed in a line
valley, on the Aguut, ,56 m h Toulouli;,
and 73 sbE Caliori). Lou. 2 14 i'., lat.

+-^ '^^ ^'- . «,

Hajlri, a town of European Turkey,

on the sK coaft of Morta. It fland« oti

part of the fite of the ancient Hcrmione,

whofe ruins are found on a long m cl- of

land, Itretching from the town into tlie

fea. ihe town is entirely modern, and

45 m s.'^t ("orinth.

Cajlries, Boy of, a bay on the nc
coall of C'hineft' Tartary, in the Unit
of Saghalien, vifited by iVroui'e. Loi,.
142 I K, lat. 51 29 N.

t'ajiro, a town of Italy, in the patri-
mony of St. Peter, capital of a ducliy
of its name. It is 56 m Nw Rome.
Lon. II 54 E, lat. 42 23 N.

Vajlro, a town ot Naples, in Terra
dOrranto, 6 m .'■svvr Otranto.

Cajiro, the capital of the ifiind of
C'hiloe, with a cattle. The houfes arr
buiit of wood ; and the iuhabitinits, who
an- not numerous, ufually live upon
their own poflt:fliuns. 'ihe city lland«
on the E coaft, on an arm of the lea,
220 m s Valdivia. Lon. 72 20 w, lat.
42 40 s.

Cajiro, the ancient Mytilene, a fea-
port and capital of the illand of Me-
telin, with Uvo harbours, one of which
will iidmit huge veflels- There are two
caftlei5, one ancie .;., the other modern,
in each of which is a Turkifii governor
and commander, t.oiifidcrable veftiges
ftill remain of its ftnnier grandeur and
magnificence. The chief trade is fhip-
building. It is 30 m sw Adramiti.
Lon. 26 39 E. lat. 39 14 N-

Cajiro Giavanni, a town of Sicily,
in Val di Demona, with a fortrefs It
was the ancient Enna, famous for the
wotfbip of Ceres and Profer|jine. It
ftands on Mount Enna, in the centre of
Sicily, and io ftrong by nature and art,
that no fortrels in Europe has a greater
claim to be deemed impregnable. It is

46 m w Cutana.

CaJlro Mnrinit a ftrong town of Por-
tugal, in Algarve, near the mouth of
the Guadiana, 15 m ene Tavira, and 62
s by E Beja. Lon. 7 20 vv, lat. 37 12 .n.

CaJlro yerdey a town of Portugal, in
Alentejo, featcd on the Corbes, i8m
ssw Brja.

(Cajiro Firegnot a town of Peru, in
the province of Guamanga} noted for

tint r€-
tications
irthpl.icc
cier, hai
o.ooo iii-
jis ftones
. in A fine
['ouloijlCi
■ 4 I'-, lat.

th«' putri-
sw Rome.

I, ia Teru

m of Sicily,
tortrels It
nous for the
>feri)irie. It
the centre of
turc and art,
has a greater
riiable. Itii

town of Por-
he mouth of
'avira, and 6i

lat. 37 i*'^'
_ Portugal, in

Corbea, 18 m

of Peru, in
ja, noted for

CAT

good tobacco and Rm; wool. It Is u^
m 8K LitriH. Lon. 74 45 w, lat. iz
50 s.

Cajfro de l-rdiales, a town of Spain,
in Bilcay, vviin a calllc ai;-' an arloiial,
oiithf kac*).»tt, 2i in nw Hilboa.

(Jajlropy a tow.i of Wfllphali.i, in
the coiiuiy ol MaiL, 7 m vv Doit,-
inund.

i'ajlrol'oU a town of Spain, in Af-
turiaa, 14 m nk IVIondoncdo.
('nfv'ui , Ice ( ajbhi-
(.'at ijiaiid ; fee Guanohani':.
CataLu'iVf a town of S Carolina, be-
longing to the ' atubaws, the only In-
('iaii nation m thai (Htt^. it is Icat.d on
llic river Catahaw, or Witarce, on the
lionndary line between N and S Caroli-
na, iH m s Chailotti".

CatnloKia, a province of Spain, 140
m lung and iio broail ; bountied on
tl.e N by the Pyrcnet-'S, k and s by the
Mediterranean, and v\ by Aragon and
Valencia. It is full of mountains, co-
veted with fortit and fruit trees ;
abounds in wine, corn, and pulfe ;
lias quarries of marble, anil mines of
Icjii iron, and coal. Harcdona is the
• I ital.

i'atania, a city of Sicily, in Val di
^ nto, and a hilh.ip's fee, with a cele-
brated univcrfity. The cathedral is the
laigcft in Si'.ily ; the principal (Ireets
are wide, and well paved with lava ;
iind all the public and private edifices
luive an air of grandeur. Here is a
niagiiiticcnt convent, and a bountiful
mufcum of natural hiltory and an-
tiques; alio large remains of a Roman
ampliitheatre, and many monuments of
ancient I'plendour liy an eruption of
Etna, in 1669, it was almoft totally de-
ftroycd ; and, in 1693, it was entirely
fwiillowed up by an earthquake, \»rhich
buried 18,000 people in tlie ruins. The
pR'i 'nt population iseftimatttd at above
!(j,ooo Ibuis, who carry on a flourifli-
\n^, tnanufadure of lilk, and a trade in
corn, lulpluir, (inla, amber, wine, and
oil. It is leated oii-a gulf of its name,
at the influx; of the Indicelle, 60 m sw
Medina Lon. 15 17 k, lat- 57 a8 n.

Catanzaro, a city of Naples, capital
of Calabria Ultra, and the leu of a
biliiop. The chief manufacture is filks
of various kinds, and thcfe, with corn
and oil, are the principal articles of
trade. It is i'eated on a moun.ain,
near the gulf of Squdiace, 4s m se 00-
Icnza. Lon 16 46 i-, lai .^,g o ^.

(^ataro, a town of Dalmatia, with a
caftle leated on a gulf of its name,
which fornas three cxten^ve and fegure

CAT

harbourg. The town \s built at the fnc-
tremify of the inner biiiin, lurround;d
by roclv^, rnul ftiongly lortifn:d. It is
24 m sbE K.igulj. Lou. lit 50 F, lat. 4z
3H s.

i'ataivejfy, or Ihi^^licjhurv;, a town
of IVnnJyIvania, in Northumberland
county, 111 uate at the monlh of Cata-
wi'fly creek, on the r. brniich of the
Siifqu'hana, 1^ m kne Sunbnry, and
100 Nw rh'l.uU'lphia.

Cateaw, fee i'/iftt('au (Viaml/rfjis.

t'ute^i^nt, a gulf of the German ocean,
between Swedenand Denmark, through
which the Baltic fia is entered by three
iti.iits, c.dled the Sound, the Great
Belt, and the Little I'.elt.

Cat/iarinbuiir, a town of Silirria, ca-
pital of a province ol the fame name,
in the government of Tobollk. The
chief gold mine.', of Siberia arc in its
vicinity, and above 100 founderies,
chiefly for copper and iron. It is featcd
near the fource of the Ifei, 310 m wsv/
Tobollk. Lon. 61 25 k, lat 56 45 n.

(Catharine, St- an ifli id on the coaft
of Key, the molt fuuihern province of
Braiil. It it 50 m long, and from 9
to 4 broad. The clim ite '\* healthy, and
provilioiKs of all defcriptions, with fruit
of various kinds, are abundant and
che.ip. The channel betwei 11 the illand
aiid the continent, about aoo fathoms
wide, forms a good haibour, and is de-
fended by ftveral forto. The chief
plice is the town of !^t. Catharine, on
the svv fule of the ifland. at the foot
of a conlidtrable hill. Lon. 47 48 w,
lat. 27 35 s.

i'atharii:et!jlaf, A government of the
Rullian empire, divided into two pro-
▼inces ; namely, Catharinenfl.if, which
includes the late government of Albph,
and New Rnfria,or Little Tavtary; and
Taurida, which includes Crimea, or
Crim Tartary.

Catburinnijlafy a town of RufTia, ca-
pital of a government of the fame name.
it was built by Catharine i:. and is feat-
ed on the right bank of the Dnieper,
near the iiillux of the Kikzin and
Samara, 140 m b;iw Charkow . Lon. 54
58 1'., lat. 48 20 N.

Vatharinograd, a town of RuiTia, in
the province ot Caucalia, of which it
was the capital till the province was
ereded into a government. It is the
Ihongell lortrtfson the Cancafian iiii..,
filuate on the brow of a lolty hill, by
the river Malka, near iis conflux with
the Terek jo m sr Georgiewlk. Lon-
44 30 E, lat. 4,^ 40 N.

Caiher!ou^/j ; Ice CctrloW'

*

^1'

n

^' 'm

i

li:. ■^■,

Jf

ijSI

If.

^r

8:4 ^: n

C A V

Vatmandu, the capital of the country
of Napaiil, anil once the capital of an
independent kingdom. It has numtr-
oiis wooden temrlcs, and iirvenil grjiid
oneseonllrudtcd of brick The ftrc'cts
are very narrov*, and dirty. The hoiifes
are of two, three, «nd four ftories, but
of a mean appearance ; even the rajah's
palace claiming no particular notice.
The population of the city is cftimated
at 5«,coo, exclufive of its dependent
villages. It (lands on the e fide of the
Bifhnmuttv, immediately above its con-
flux with the Hogmutty, 1 75 m n Patvia,
and44j; E Delhi. Lon. 85 16 (•:, lat. 28
10 N.

Cnioche, Cape^ the ne promontory
of Jucatan, v/here the Englifli adven-
turers from Jamaica firft attempted to
cut logwood. Lon. 86 30 w, lat. n
10 V.

Catrine, a village of Scotland, on the
river Ayr, 14 m e Ayr. Here is a
flonrifhing cotton manufadturc.

Cattackt a city of Hindooflan, capi-
tal of OrifTa, and a port of confequence,
being on the only road between Bengal
and the Englifli Circare. It is fur-
rounded by walls, and (lands on an
idand in the Mahanada, 320 m sv Cal-
cutta. Lon. 86 I E, lat. 20 31 n.

Cattaio, a town of Italy, in Faduan,
5ms Padua.

Catteric, a village in N Yorkfliire,
with a bridge over the river Swale, 5
m SE Richmond. It was the famous
Cattaiaftonium of the Remans, and has
the foundations of walls, and great
banks ftill remaining.

Catiwycky a village of S Holland, on
the German ocean, near which the ri-
ver Rhine is loft in the fanda. It is 6 m
N by w Leyden,

CatzeiicUe72hc2tn, a town and caflle
of Germany, in the circle of Upper
Rhine, which gives name to a county.
The river Maine ^iid late cledlorate of
Mentz divide the county into Upper
and Lower ; the former has Darniftadt
for its capital, and tlie latter St. G'>ar.
The town has an iron- mine near it, and
is 10 m NE St. Goar.

('ai'a, a town of Naplei, in Princi-
pato Citra, with manutadtures of filk
and linen ; f'eated at the foot of Mount
Matelian, 5 m nw Salerno.

Cavail/a, a town ot European Tur-
key, in Albania, noted as a mart for
Albajiian woe d ; ftatcd on the Aods,
near its entrance into the gulf of Venice,
36 ms by t Durazzo.

('avai/lon, a town of France, in the
department of Vauclufe ; lately an epif-

C ALT

eopal fee, and fiibjtdl to the pope. It
is feated on the Durance, 20 m se
Avignon.

favaltri. An idnnd in the Archipelago,
between the ivv point of the ifland of
Negropont and the continent of Greece.
Lon. 24 17 K, lat- 38 7 N.

C'avan, a county of Ireland, in the
province of Ulftcr, 47 m long and
23 broad ; bounded on the w by Lei-
trim, N by Fermanagh and Monaghan,
K by the latter county and Louth, and
fl by Longford, W Meath, and E Mcath.
It lends two memberj to parliament,
is divided into 30 pariflies, and contains
about 81,570 inhabitants. The linen
manufacture is carried on here to a great
extent.

Cavan, a borough of Ireland, capital
of the county of Cavan. Here is a free-
I'chool founded by Charles i. It is 68
m NW Dublin Lom. 7 23 w, lat. 54

Caub, ^ \ovfv\ of Germany, in the
circle of Lower Rhine, with a citadel;
feated on the Rhine, 2 m n by k Ba-
charach.

Caucafia, a government of Afiatic
Ruflia, divided into two provinces, Af-
tracan and Caucafia. The province of
Caucafia comprififs Cuban Tartary, and
all that diflridt to the e and s, now in
the pofTeffion of Ruflia, between the
rivers Don and Cuban, and between the
Black feaand the Cafpian, extending as
far as the confines A Georgia. The
capital is Georgiewfk.

Caucafusy a chain of mountains, the
higheft in Afia, extending from the
mouth of the Cuban, in the Black fea,
to the mouth of the Kur,ln the Cafpian.
The Caucafus apparently forms two
par. Jlel chains, the higheft covered with
Ihow, and the lower or northern, which
is commonly called the Black Moun-
tains. The loftieft of the fnowy chain
is Elbrus, deemed equal in elevation to
Mont Blanc, and from its n fide ifTues
■Jie river Cuban. The lower parts ol
thefe mountains abound in honey, gom,
corn, wine, fruit, hogs, and horned
cattle. The Caucafian mountains are
inhabited by fevendidindt nations, each
f'peaking a different language ; namely,
the Turcomans, the Abkhas, the Cir-
cafTians, the OfTi, the Kifti, the Lefguis,
and the Georgians. See Circaffia- \

Caudebec, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Seine, furround-
ed by walls, at the foot of a mountain,
near the Seine, 18 m nw Rouen.

Caudliullyt a town of Hindooflan, in
the province of Coimbetore. It ia the

firfl place r
and a prin(
the counlr)
niountain.s.
traders. J|
('nvcrifiai
in the Carn

l^'uyiilCC ot QllitI

, ^aijtnne, a rici
t'"' coaft of GiiJ

le. It
m 8E

pilago,
land of
Qrcecc.

, in thff
ng »ncl
by Lei-
naghan,
th, and
; Mcaih.
li.inrK'nt,
contains
he linen
,0 a great

3f Afiati:.
?inccs, Af-
fovince of
irtary, and
s, now in
tween the
etween the
^tending as
rgia. The

ntains, the
from the
Black fea,
heCafpian.
forms two
ivcred with
icrn, which
ack Mouu-
nowy chain
elevation to
K fide iiTuts
/cr parts of
loney, gom,
and horned
juntains art;
ations.each
ge ; namely*
las, the Cir-
the Lefguis,
yircalfia-
ancc, in the
He, furround-
a mountain,
louen.
indooftan, in
re. It in the

CAY

firft place of any note above the Gauta,
and a principal thoroughfare betwe«Ti
the country below and that uhovcthofr
mountains. Tlif inhubitauts are chiefly
traders. It is 60 msR Soringapatam.

(-nverif>al)iani, a town of liindooftan,
in the Carnatic, featcd on tin* Pennar,
So m wsw Arcot.

(Vjry;//, a confiderable river of Min-
(looiian, which lifi'J.nmong the wlI^mii
GautP, flows by Scringapatam, IJhawa-
nikudal, and Tritchinopoly, and enters
the bay of Bengal, by a wide delta of
mouths, which cmbracct the province
of Tanjon*.

Ciivete, a fraport on the w coaft of
llie ifl.-nd of Luconia. Sec Mauilla.

Caita. lary, a town of Ilindooftan, in
Ik'ngal, 30 m Nvv Dacca, and 146 nk
Calcutta.

Caviana, an ifland of S America, at
the mouth of the river Amazon, 120
m in clrcumfrrence, and of a triangular
form, with its bafe to the ocean, and
the 8 fide under the equinoctial line, in
Ion. 50 20 w.

Caunet a town of France, in the de-
partment of Tarn, 20 m kn e Caflrefl.

Cautem, a vill.ii,'e of France, in the
department of Upper Pyrenees, noted
for its mineral water, j 8 m 8W Dagneres.

Cai'jood, a town in W Yorkfliire, on
the river Oufe, with a market on Wed-
nelday. Here are tin? ruins of a very
ancient caftle, a manufadurc of hop-
bagging, and a good ferry over tiie
river. It is 1 a m s York, and 187 n by
w London.

i'ltxamnrca, a tow n of Peru, capital
of a territory of its name. Here the
Spanifli general Pizarro, in 1532, per-
'dioiifly ((Mzed the inca, Atahuslpha,
and the next year, after a mock trial,
caull'd !)im to be publicly executed. ]t
is; m NK Tiiixillo. Lon. 78 20 w,
Kit. 7 32 s.

i'axton, a town in Cambridgcfiiire,
wltli a mai ket (ni Tuefday, 10 m w by s
Cambridge, and 49 n liondon.

t iit/ahaga, or ( utjiv^n^ a river of the
HaU' of Ohio, whicti runs N into Lake
Kiic, in lon. 8i 20 w, and has an Indian
town of the lame name on its banks. It
is deep enough to receive large floops
Irom the lake ; ynd is navigable for
boats to its Iburce, vvjienee there is
only a portage of a mile to the Tuf-
carawa branch of the Mufkingum,
which is alio navigable, and runs i into
llie Ohio, at Marietta.

iMijantba, a town of Peru, in the
province of (Juito, 30 m nk Quito.

(~'ai/£nne, a rich town and ifiaiid on
tlie coaft of Gnayaiia, bounded on the

C K I'

w by the colony of Suruiam. Tli«
ifland is about 50 m in circ nnference,
leparated from the continent by a nar-
row channel. The furface is low and
marfliy, and covered with forclts.
Cayenne pepper, fugar, coffee, and the
fingularlyclaftic gum called CaontchouB,
arc the principal commodities. Tlu:
French fettled here in 1625, but left it
■in 1654, and it was fucceffireljr in the
polTeflion of the linglilh, French, and
Dutch ; but the latter v/ere expelh d by
the French in 1^)77. In i8oy, it was
attacked by the Engliniand Portuguefe,
and furrendertd to the latter. Lon. jj.
15 vv, lat. 456 N.

('ai/Iei/, a town of Brazil, in the go-
vernmeni of Para, near the mouth of
the Cataypera, 105 m NtPara. Lon.
48 12 vv, lat. o 56 .s.

Cayuga, a lake of New York, in
Onandago county, 15 m long and »
broad. It lies 9 m k Seneca lake, and
empties, at its n end, into Seneca river.

(■'ayiiga, a town of New York, in
Onandago county, on the E fide of the
like of the fame name, 60 m ssw
Olwcgo. Lon. 76 4» w, lat. 42 30 n.

Cazinilr, a town of Little i'i>land, in
the palatinate of Lublin, leated on the
VifUila, 80 m E Zarnaw. Lon. 22 3
j;, lat. 51 o N'.

Cedar Cnck, a \vater of James river,
in Virginia, in the county of Rock-
bridge ; remarkable for its natural
biidge, on the afcent of a hill, whicli
leems to have been cloven through it^
length by iomc great eonvuifion. The
fillnre at the bridj;(' is 250 feet deep,
45 wide at the bottom, and 90 at tiie
top. The bridge Kivcs name to tlir
county, and aflords a commodious paf-
liige over a valley, which cannot be
crofTed elliiwhere for a confiderable
dilbiiice.

Cedar Pohit, a feaport of Maryland ,
in Charles county. The exports arc
chiefly tobacco and maize. It is fcated
on the Potomac, i : m below Port To-
bacco, and 40 s by k Wafhington.

Cedogna, a town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato Ultra, at tlie for)tofthe Apen-
ninis, 20 m xNNe Conzi.

Cefaloma, an ifland in the Mediter-
ranean, on the coalt of Livadia, oppo-
fite tlie g'llfof Lepaiito. It is 40 jn
long and trom jo to : ^ broad, fertile
in oil and mufeadine vvin('. It forms ;i
part of the republic of Seven Jflands.
The capital is of t!ic fame name, on
the SK eoart. Lon. 20 56 t:, lat. 38 12 N.

Cffulu, a leaporl of Sicily, in Val di
Deir.ona, and a bifliop's li-e, with a
caftle. It is icated on a promontory,

vr ■ ■■:>}^

Ip.i

■s

lf

■f

p

m ■ 'M-i

1-- 'iSi:

I

CEN
and rirrcmulfd by a wall, with towrrs,
40 n» K by s Palermo. Lon 14 iK k,
lit. 38 5 N.

Ce/anO' a town of Naples, in Abniz-
ro Ultra, near a lake of the fame name,
30 m ill circumference It is 15 m''
Aquila.

(-'i/el/rj, or MacnJJ'nr, an ifland in
tl;e Indian ocean, to the e of Hornco.
It is 560 m from n to s, and divided
into various portions by Iprjjc bays,
that the breadth is commonly not above
fio m. The F. fiile of the ifl ind is fomc-
time- culled Ctlcbes, and tin- w Ma-
cafftr ; but in i cncral the former name
19 given to the whole idand. It lies
under the line ; but the heat is modera-
ted by the N winds, and the rains,
which cnrftantly fall five days htfore
and aftt r the full moon, and during the
two tnonthc that the fim is nearly
vertical. The products are maize,
rice, fago, cocoa nuts, pnmpions, 1 lack
pepper, c.illivances or beans, melons,
plaiaains, maniocs, oranges, lemons,
pines, &c. Theie ar«; alio numerous
poifonous trees ai:d plants; and with
the juice of the notorious upas, the
natives often poil()n their lances and
arrows. It is will ftockctl with horfes,
buifalOF, cattle, deer, flu^ep, goats,
hogb, c;as, and monkies. Cotton grows
in great abundance- In the middle of
the ifland arc mountains, almoft in-
acceflilile. in which are quarries of
excellent ftone and marble* and mines
of gold, copper, and tin. The inha-
l)itants are Malays, confiding of fiveral
nations or tribes, and the bt ft foldicrs
in thcfe parts. They aie Ihortand thick
jet, have a flaitiiu i iCe, but not thick
lips, nd their cm!' , r is of a reddifli
yellow. They are frequently called
BugalTi 5, and have fomething free and
flignificd in their mavuitr fuperior to
other Malays, and arc remarkably in-
eluih ibus. The Dutch have fome fettle-
menls on the coafts, of which the chief
is M.TC-iflar; and, in 18 10, the Englidi
f)b\iiiied polllflion of Gorontano, and
Manado.

(>//, or Marten Celle, a town of
Stiiia, with a ceiebnted abbey, ieated
on the Siilt/a, 17 m nne Bruck.

Ceacda, a town of Italy, in Trevi-
fano, iS'm n Trevifo.

Cents, a mountpin of the Maritime
Alps, «)n the borders of Pi"dmont and
Savoy, which is a noted paflnge between
the two countries. On its fummit,
amid the rigours of eternal winter, is a
monaftery, where the benumbed, wea-
ried, or lickly traveller is benevolently
relieved.

^entrvilU, a town of Marvhud,
chief ot C^iiern / on ")unty. I' . .ndi
between the forks of Corfica c . .!c,
wiiiclj h'i'i- t( Cliefter river, 14 ni ? \,j
vr Chcfler, and 5 sw Ph.;.iueiphia.
Lon. ;/i II w, la . ^^9 4 n.

(\ray7i^ an iliauM, one of the Moluc-
cis, 180 -p lonp and c;o broad. It is
mountainous and woody ; and theljgo
tree forms a conlideiable articit? of
export. It is fubjed to th • fultan of
Bachiin. Along the coaft the Dutch
have had influence ami power to deilroy
the clove-trees. Lon. 127 to 130 e,
hit. J s.

Cerefajjna, h country on the Pyre-
nees, partly in Spain, in the province
ot Catalonia, and partly in France,
in the department of Eaftern Pyre-
nees. Puycerda is the capital of the
Spanifli part, and Mount Louis of the
Trench.

Ct're, St. a town of France, in the
(Up.irtn)ent of Lot, 37 m ne Cahors,
and 75 ssK Limoges.

('eretiza, a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Citta, (eated oi' a rock, 10 m n
by w Severino.

('errt. a town of France, in the dc-
partn. nl of Eallern Pyrenees, with a
niagnih ent bridge of one arch ovt-r the
Tct. Here the commiflioners of France
and Spain met, in 1660, to fettle the
limits of the two kingdoms. In 1794,
t!ie French defeat( d the Spaniards near
this \o\\n. It is 14 m wsw Perpigiian,

Vfi-ignoUti a town of Naples, in C.i-
pitarial; , celebrated by Horace for iti
exc( llcnt bread. Near this town is the
ancient Salapia, the ruins of which arc
ftill called Salpe. It is aom s Man-
fredonia.

i'erigo, an ifland in the Mediterranean
fea, to the s of Morta, formerly known
by the name of Cythera. It is 45 m in
circumference, full of mountain,"-, and
forms part of the republic of Seven
Iflands. It has a town of the fame
name, with a callle on a fharp rock,
and a fmall harbour. Lon. 2 a ^4 e,
lat. 36 14 N.

('erillyi a town of France, in the de-
partment of All'er, 7 m w Moulins,
and 1 1 s Bourges.

('erines, a feaport of Cyprus, and a
Greek bi/hop's fee, with a caftle on an
immenfe rock. The chief exports are
barley, filk, cotton, oil, and carob beans.
It is ;o ni Nw NicoQa. Lon. 32 55 e>

lat 35 45 f*-

('eme Abbey, a tO""n in DorftUh '",
with a market on Wednefda ' it "s
fur rounded by high chalk hills and c!i
the fide of one of them is cut tht rr^uxe

«ra man, il
club iu his :
thj jiiicr.
abbey, and
converted in
fcated on tl
Dorchefter,
Cer . 'tz , a
canton of Gr
ieated on th)
Cerrito, a
di Lavoro,
legiatechurc
Certosa, a
with a celeb;
5 m N Pavia
_ Cervera, ;i
ni.i, with a
m N by w Ta
borders of I
nean, 8 m n
CW-via, a t
fcated near t
eatiala are cu
which much
»K Kavenna.
Cervi>ia7a,
cipato Ultra,
Ccjhria, on
the capital of
by Herod, in
and in the fp
from an obfci
nificent city c
harbour mac
Here St. Pau
years, and .
which made
was at firft
became a R
pafian, and
Many revolut
1264, when
it to the Tu
frequently re
rapidly decl:
without a hui
ous temples
Scattered on
its port not
remains of
have long bet
whenever b'
quired at Act
on the feacoa

Cefena, a
feated at the
coveied wit!
has a ro.Tiant
and an anci
arches over
Ravenna.
Cfjinatkt,

C E S

•fa man, iHo ffct in height, holding a
dab ill his -n h*: hand, and extending
tho jiiier. ilcrc was formerly a (lately
abbey, and part of its ri !n;iins is now
«onvcrted into a houfe and barn. It is
feated on the river Ccrne, 7 m nnv
Dorchefter, .u.d lao vv by .< Londc^n.
CVr . -tz, a town oi Svv'iircrl.md, in the
canton of Griluns, witli a mineral fprir]^ ;
Icated on the Inn, 24 m se Coire.

Cerrito, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Lavoro, with a catheilral and col-
legiate church, 5 m NNE Teli-fa.

C'ertosa, a town of Italy, in Mihncfe,
with a celebrated Carthufian inonaltery,
5 m N Pavia.

Cfrvera, a town of Spain, in Citalo-
ni.i, with a cehbrated univerfity, 34
m N by w Tarragona — Another, on the
borders of France and the Mediterra-
nean, 8 m N Rofes.

Cer-via, a town of Italy, in Romagna,
feated near tliegiilfof Venice, whence
eatiala are cut to admit fva water, from
which much lalt is made. It is 10 m
»K Ravenna.

Crrvina7a, a town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato Ultra, i» m sw Bt-ncvcnto.

Ccjhria, once a feaport of Syria, and
the capital of Palefline. It was fo called
by Herod, in honour of Augullus Cel'ar,
and in the fpace of ten years becuqae,
from an obfcure fortrefs, the moft mag-
nificent city of all Syria, with a noble
harbour made at immtufe expenfe.
Here St. Paul was a prifoner above two
years, and fpoke that eloquent appeal,
which made Felix to tremble. The city
was at firft governed by kings ; but it
became a Roman colony, under Vef-
pafian, and changed itb name to Flavia.
Many revolutions fucceeded to the year
1264, when the Chriftians finally ceded
it to the Turks ; but from difafters fo
frequently renewed, its former fplendor
rapidly di'cr.)ed. For ages it has been
without a human inhabitant ; its gorge-
ous temples, palaces, theatres, &:c.
fcattered on the gionn(i ; and the fite of
its port not to be diftinguilhed. The
remains of this city, yet confiderable,
have long been reforted to as a quarry,
whenever building materials were re-
quired at Acre. Its extenfive ruins are
on thefeacoaft, 18 m ssw Acre.

Cefina, a town of Italy, in Romagna,
feated at the foot of a ridge of hills,
covered with villas and convents. It
has a romantic caftle on an eminence,
and an ancient bridge of three vail
arches over the Savio, i8 m s by e
Ravenna.
Cejenati(9, a feaport of Italy, in Ro-

CE Y

m.ijrn.T. In 1800, the inhabitantn havin^ir
arrefted a mefenger with d'fpatches, the
Englilh ft-t firf to thi.* mules of the
h:rbour, and detboyed i6 v«'irelh. V.
is featf i on the gulf of Venice, 16 m
^!- rnv( I na.

Ce.fifux^ a t ^wn of Fraiu*; , in the
department of Here, 27 m esk Lyon.

Cttte, a feiport of France, in tlir; .Ir-
partmcnt of Herault, feated at the p'lcc
where the canal of Langucioc f li-
natcs i'l ihe Mcd'.terraiiean ft a, n
ssw Montpellier. Lon. 3 4* i.it.
43 24 N.

(Jeva^ a town of Piedmont, with a
fort. It was taken by the Fivncli in
1796, and retaken by the Piedinontck
peafants in 1799. It (lands on the
Tanaro, 8 m sk Mondovi.

Ce-veunes, a late territory of France,
in the province of Languedoc. It is a
mountainous country, and now forms
the department of Card.

Ceuta, a fortified feaport of the king-
dom of Fez, and a bilhop's fee. It be-
long* to Spain, and on the land fide is
capable of rcfifting every attack, nnlefs
aided by fome naval force. In 18 10, a
Britini force was admitted into the
garrifon to protedt it from the French.
It (lands at the extremity of a peninfula,
on the (Irait of Gibraltar, so m sse
Gibraltar, and azNNK Tetuan. Lon.
5 13 w, lat. 35 50 N.

Ceylon, an illand in the Indian ocean,
feparated from the se point of Hin-
dooftan, by Palk ftrait and the gi if of
Manaar. It is a8o m long and 140
in its greateft breadth nearly ref<*ra-
bling a ham in Ihape, .i:'»nar-n\ part
to the N ; and hence ih penin 'la of
Jafnapatam was called ' .nlbc ' by the
Dutch. The flat tr . ; on U-e coaft,
covered with rich fie.' Is of rice, ai"c
bounded by groves of ''j. coanut trees,
and the proi'ped ufually cc 1. n ited by-
woods, which cover the fidi . c'. moun-
tains. The K coaft is i.aid and rocky,
and the n part is every where indented
with inlets of the fta. The interior
parts abound with fteep and lofty nioun-
tains, covered with thick forclls, and
full of alnioft impenetrable jungles ; but
there are tVriilc vallies. The woods
and mountaiiis completeiy fnrround ih^
dominions of the king of Candy, and
are a natural barrier ii^'ainft his foreign
enemies. The moil lotty r^nge of
mountains divide the iOand nearly into
two parts, and ternmiate compfetely
the eflecfls of the monluons, winch Oit
in periodically from oppolite fides of
them. Ths feafons are more regulatf^d

is..; J,'

i

I

m.

by tli^ '•aonfoons tliaii ihecoitrff of th«?
fun ; for llic rouK-ft fenli)n is iluriiig tlic
fiiinnitr folfticc. while the wi (Utii moii-
toon prevails. Spring commences in
OdtohiT, and the hoUcIt fciifon is from
J.inti;iry to the bc^'inning of April- Tlu;
■ climHte, on tht? co.iR, in mor^ tt-mprtatc
th.m on the confiiicut of Ifiiulooftan;
but in the inferior of thr country the
heat is many dcgrtcs greater, and often
rxtrrmcly fnltry and unhealthy. The
moft eonfid'^rable mountain is called
Uamaiell, or Adam'a Peak, and is of a
pyiamidical form, nrar the mii'.dli' of
thi' illand. On its top is a lurgr flat
ftone, with an impreJFion on it in the
<hape of a man's foot, but confidcr.'ibly
longer. The Cingalefe have a tradition
that Budha, the great author of their
religion, left the print of his foot on
this ftonc when he afcendcd into hea-
ven. Moll of the rivers in the ifland
take their rife in the middle range of
mountains, and the two largcft are the
Malivagonga and the MuIivAdcly. The
rivers, although fmootli at their out-
lets into the fea, are fcidom navigable
to any great diftance, for on entering
the mountains they become rocky and
rapid. Bcfide the rivers, with which
the iUnnd abounds, there .ire many lakes
and canals commimicating with them.
In fome places there are rich mines,
whence are procured rubic?, fipphires,
topazes, and other ...ones of lels value ;
aifo iron, copper, ;ind black lesd. It is
remarkable fir- abundance of -cinnamon ;
ami in the kingdom of Candy i« plenty
of very large cardamons. The pepper
here i lb good, that it fells dearer than
that of other places. Two fpecies of
fhe bread-fruit tree are indigenous to
:h:s ifland ; one of which is uli.d by the
Cir'ralife as bread, ;!nd, in t:mes of
fcarcity, inftcad of rice. One of flie
molt remarkable trees in Ceylon is the
wllipot, which grows flraiglit and tail,
jnd is as big as the maft of a thip : the
leaves an; fo large as to cover 1 5 men ;
when dried, they are round, and fold up
like a fan. The natives wear a piece
uf the leaf on their head when they
travel, tofhade them from the Ibn, and
','iey arc fo tough that they are not
eafily torn. Every foldicr carries one,
and it ferves for his tent. Of the ani-
mal tribes, this ifland is famous for its
elephants, which are more cfteemed
than any others in the Indif?s ; and it
abounds with buffalos, goats, hogs, detr,
hares, dogs, jackals, monkies. tigers,
and bears. It h?s a great variety of
Kirds, fome of which are not to be met

vv.r

with in other places; aifo Tcry if,ingcf-
OU3 (erpcnts, fom'' of them faid to be of
a prodif^ions lize, and ants which do a
great deal of mifchicf. The aborigines
of Ceylon conlill uftwoclalfrs of peo-
ple, the Cingalele and the Vaddahs.
The latter arc flill in the rud<'ft ftage of
focial life; they live embofomed in tht
woods, or in the hollows of the moun-
tains ; hunting their fole employment,
and providing for the day thtir only
care. Some of them acknowleilge the
authority of the kinp of Candy; ancl
exch.iiige with the Cmj^'alefc elephants
te«'th and deer flefh, for arrows, cloth,
itc but this practice \a not general, for
two-thirds of them hold no communi-
cation with the Cingalele, and have an
utter antipathy to ftrangers. They
worfhip A particular god ; and their re-
ligious do*5trine fccms to confift of
Ibme indiflinft notions of the funda-
mfnt.al principles of the Braminical
fai;Ij. In ibmc places they have creft-
ed temples ; but for the mofl part they
perform worihip at an altar conftru»5ted
of bamboos, under the fhadc nf a ban-
yan-tree. The Cingalef" are the fub-
jeds of the king of Candy, and appear
to have been, beyond time of memory,
a rice of Hindoos, inflrudted in all the
arts of civil life, nearly in as high a
degree as the nations of the neighbour-
ing continent. They are pagans; and,
though they acknowledge a fupreme
God, they worfhip only the inferior
deities, among which they reckon the
fun and moon. In their temples arc
images, well executed, though their
figures are raopftrouK ; fome are of iil-
ver, copper, &c. The different forts
of gods have various priefts, who h;ive
all fome privileges. Their houfcs arc
fmall and low, with walls madeof hur-
dles, fmoothly covered with clay, an(<
the roofs thatched. They have no chim-
nics, and their furniture is only a few
earthen vcfTels, with two copper bafins,
and'two or three llools ; none but the
king being iillowed to lit in a chair.
Their food is generally rice, and their
common drink is water, which they pour
into their mouths out of a vefTel like a
tea-pot, through the fpout, never touch-
ing It with their lips. There are fome
infcriptiona on the rocks, which muft
be very ancient, for they are not under-
ftood by any of the prefent inhabit.tnts.
The Poriugucfe were the firft Euro-
peans who fettled on this ifland ; but
the Dutch foon drove them away, and
cftablifhed themfclves on all the princi-
pal places along the coall' In 1796,

r '!

13 liigh a

CII A

Coliimboi the Dutch cnpital, furrt-u-
ileieil to the I'n^lidi, who coiitimie
pofliifccl of a'l tht ftttU'ini-nta on thu
coafts, the princi,)al ol which are Co-
lumho It'll Trincotmle. Stc C,inJi/.

C/uthlah, a feitih' province of Savoy,
boundtd on the n by thelakcof O-jneva,
I by Vallais, s !)y F.iui'i^Miy, and w by
Cenevoi». '1 honon is the capital.

Chablis, a town ot' France, in the df-
partnu'iit of Yonnc, celebrated for its*
excellent white wine. It i« i; m t by
N Anxt'irr.

Chacao, the only A'aport of the ifland
of Chiloe, from which the whole com-
merce of this and the adjacent idandft
is carried on. The harbour has good
anchorage, but the entrance is very dif-
ficult. U ftands on the n coaft, nearly
in the middle of the channel thit fepu-
ratPs the illand from Chili, 170 m s
Valdivia. Lon. 71 ao w, lat. 4a o s.

Chacafttyas, a town of Peru, in the
province of Truxillo, capital of a dif-
triJl lying e of the Andes. It is feated
on a river, 160 m nne Truxillo. Lon.
77 30 w, lat. 6 ao ».

(Jhac9i a province of S America,
lying w of the river Paraquay, between
the provinces of Paraquay and Tucu-
man, and in the viceroyalty of Buenos
Ayres. It is reckoned 600 m long and
.!i5o broad, and to he inhabited by many
Indian nations; bul it is little known.

Chagaingt a city of Birmah, with a
fmall fort. It is the principal empo-
rium for cotton, which is brought from
ail parts of the country, and embarked
here for the China market. Here alfo
is the only miniufadture of marble idols,
whence the whole liirman empire is
fupplied ; none being allowed to be
made in any other place. It is fituate
on a bend of the Irrawaddy, by which
it is feparatcd on the s from Ava, the
deferted capital, and on the !■: from
Ummerapoora, the prefent capital.

(Ihagrey a town and fort of Terra
Firma, in the province of Darien, at
the mouth of a river of its name, to the
"!w of Porto Bcllo. The fort was taken
by admiral Vernon in 1740. Lon. 80 17

W, lat. 9 ID N.

Qiaii Dieuy a town of France, in the
department of Upper Loire, with a
celebrated Benedi<ftine abbey, 1 a m e
Brioude.

Chalco, a town of New Spain, in the
province of Mexico, on the t bank of
a lake of the fame name, aj m se
Mexico.

Chaleur Bay, a vaft inlet on the w
fide of the gulf of St. Lawrence, pt^nc-
tuting many leagues bciween Lower

CII A

Canada and Ni w Brimfwick. It re-
ceive? (evcral rivers, the principal of
which is the Riltigouche, at its head.
Along the coaftn ari* numerous inhabit-
■ints, wh<<fe occupation h ftlhiiig and
lliip-buildiug.

Chalford, a village in Gloncefteifhire.
1 m 3. Stroud- It ftands on the Stroud
canal, and has a coniidcrable manufac-
ture of broad cloth.

(^Italians, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Vendee, ai m N Sables
d'Olonne.

t'hulonsfur Marnet a city of France,
cipital of^the department of Marne,
nod lately an epifcopal fi^e- It contains
16,000 inhabitants, who carry on a con-
fidcrable trade in (balloons and other
woollen ftuffs. Here is an academy of
the fcicnces, arts, and belles-lettres.
Chalons is feat(!d on the rivers Marne,
Mau, and Nan, fj m k Paris. Lon. 4
SI E, lat. 48 57 N.

Clutlons fur Saone, a city of France,
in the department of Saone and Loire,
with a citadel, and lately an epifcopal
fee. It is the ftaplc of iron for Lyoa
and St. Etirnne, and of the wines for
exportation. Here arc various indica-
tions of Roman magnificence, parti-
cularly the ruins of an amphitheatre.
The city contains the old town, the
new town, aod the fuburb of St. Law-
rence. In tin- firil is the court of jul-
tice, and the cathedral- Chalons i..i
feated on the Saone, 33 m F. by s Au-
tun. Lon. 4 51 e, lat. 46 47 n.

(■/lalus, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Vienne, with a
callle. Richard i of England, whilr
preparing to befiege ihi^ place, received
a wound in his fliouldcr, by an arrow,
which proved mortal. It is 15 m wsw
Limoges.

C/iutn, a town of Bavaria, fe.ited ou
the rive.- Cham, .Tt its conflux with the
Regen, 27 m Nii Ratifbon.

Chamhtrjhurgy a town of Pcnnfyl-
vania, chief of Franklin ccunty, with
two prefbyterian churches. It is fituate
in a ri( ! country, on Conogocheague
creek, -a \vAf:ir of the Potomac, 28 m
ssw Carlifle, and 70 n by w Walhing-
ton. Lon. 77 40 w, lat. c^y 57 n.

Chamberyy the capital of Savoy, with
a caflle, and a ducal palace It is for-
tified by walls and ditches, and water-
ed by many Itreains, which run through
feveral of the ftreets. There 'ire piazzas
under moft of the houfes, .vhere peo-

Fie may walk dry in the wodt weather,
t has large and handfome faburbs ; and
in the neighbourhood are fome baths,
much frequented in funmer- In r7.4a

r \ >■

^■^- ;>

1 iS '•;'■■

'■I

■

ti

i ■ f

en A

tlie Sp;ui*in«l» nv.nU- thcn.filven maftnn
of thiH ftpitil, hut it W.IH rtrtortil l)y
the pi-aci' uf 174S. It WU9 takni in
17Q» hv thi* pMnch, wlio were ilifpof
It Hid of it in 1799. but rr).;t'iu'({ it 'ii
iPuo. It iH fcitid at the cnnlliix of the
Li'de ami Orluiu-, a? m Nt (iiniulilc,
and 8 NW I'uriri. Lon. 5 50 t, lat.

45 ,^J ^•

( /itimift/, n fort of Lowrr C.in;i(fa.
Dti the nvtr Ch mdiiy, or Sort'l ; and a
li'flc higfitr on the f mc rivi r i» ih«' fort
ofSt.lolin. Fort Cliambly was taken
by thf Anericans in 1775, and rtt kui
by the Ivngliflj in 1776. It ia 18 m tsE
Mo. freal.

( /lamoiijf St. a town of France, in
the di'p ittincnt of Rhone, vvitli a c.illle
on the river Cie/, 1? m .■» Ly^n.

Cfiiifn/'ajine, .1 late province of France,
162 na li>n); and 1 12 broad ; boiindid on
the V by Ilainault and Lnxembiirg, K
by Lf»rr. ill aid FrinLlu Comte, s by
Biirpi'ndy, and \v by the Iflf of France
and Soin'oiiiiois. It now forms the de-
patmoiits of Ardinnt:*, Aiibc, Matnc,
and Upper M irni*.

i7iiinif>/ain, a lake of N Anurica,
which dividis the ne part of the (fate of
Kew York from that ( t V-tmont. It is
Ho m lonp, 18 wlint.' broadefb, and the
nic.tn widdi abont 6. It contains many
inands, the jMincIpal nf which, calhd
North Hero, is 24 ni long, and from a
to 4 wide ; bnt in ore part it is not
more than 50 ft et wide, where ferry
boats are frcqiuiitly hanltd over to
fliorten their pall'ige. Thin lake receives
the wall rs of La^a» George from the
s by South river, and fends its own
waters a s' conife, through SortI river,
into the St I,;twrtiice. To the f. of its
outlet a branch extends northward,
crt'Ied Miflifqni bay, the jireatelt part
of which lies in Canada. Both fides of
the lake are lined with woods and moun-
tains, but along its fliores are many
well-cultivated farms. In 1 7 7 7, a naval
engagement was fuujiht on this lake be-
tween the Britidi under general Carl-
ton, and the Americans under genet al
Arnold, in which the latter were totally
defeated.

C!ha)7iplain, a town of New York, in
Clii.ton county, fituatc on Lake Cham-
plain, near its NW extremity, 70 m n
Crown Paint.

Champkrnyy a town of France, in the
dcpntment of Nievre, near the fource
of the Nii-vrc, 25 m nne Ncvers.

Chamtco, a river of the country of
the Hottentots, whicli flows s, and en-
ters the ocean 60 ni n e of Algoa bay. It
w»s originally the s boundary of Natal,

r II A

and ftill fcpai.itc* two very different
coiinirie* in rcfpeft to climate .md fer.
tility. The ftrt.im It broad, and In
foine parts foidable at low water.

<'/mn^,i, .1 town of Ilindooltan, In
Bcrar, (eated «)n .1 I'r^nch of the fJod-
avtry, 78 m « Nagpour. Lon. '.954
t, lat. ao a N.

('hfludcreft a town of Hindonflan,
capital of a dilhic^ in the Malwa cnuii*
try, near the river Bcfwha. It is the
ttfidenee of a r.ijah, and 170 m s Agr;i.
Lon. 7}! 4j E, lat. j.j 48 n.

( hcindi rna\;ovc, a town of Ilindnofl.in,
in Bengal. It was the principd French
(ittlcment in the E Indies, and had a
flronp fort, which wjih deftroycd by the
Ftiplilhin 1757 ; and in i7»;^,they agaiii
difpfill'i (led the I'rench of this fellle-
nicnt. It is featcil on the w fulc of the
llooply, T5 m N Calcutta.

(Iia>ii')r, a town of Hindoollan, ia
the country of Biglana, taken by tlie
Englifb in 18:4. It is 90 m wnw Au«
run;:id)aii. Lon. 74 3B i^ lat, 20 8 n.

f.7uint/rit(ruti, a town of Hindoollan.
in Myfore, wiih a fort on a hipili pealred
hill. The vicinity produces (hndal wood
of a go(jil ([iKiIity. it is feated near the
Varada, on the conftneiof the country,
4 2 ni N Nigara.

t'liou^-liai, a town of China, in the
province of Kiang-nan. In this town,
and the villages dependent on it, are
more than 200,000 weavcrfl of cotton
cloth. It i:t 18 m .se Song-kiang.

('han)7iaimhigt a city of Tibet, which
has been the refidcncc of the grand
lama. It is 130 m w LalFa. Lon. S9
45 I", lat. 31 0 K.

Citar.onri/ ; fee PortroCe-

ilian-f, »)ne of the fmalleft provinces
of China, bordering on the great wall.
It ia full of mountains, fome of which
are uninhabited, and have a wild and
frightful appearance; but the reft arc
cultivated with care, and cut into ter-
races from top to bottom. It cont;tins
five cities of the firll chfs, and 85 of the
fecond and third. The capital is Tai-
yuen.

t'ltantUly, a town of France, in the
department of Oife. Htrc is a great
pottery ; aU'o a fine foreft and magnifi-
cent hunting-feat, which lately belong-
ed to tlie prince of Cond«i. It is 17
m N by K Paris.

Lluiniotigy a province of China, on
the eaftern coaft. It contains fix cities
of the firft rlafs, and 1 14 of the fecond
and third ; bcfide which there are along
the coaft fevcral forts and villages of
confiderable note on account of their
commerce, and tkDucabrroffmalliflundt;

lh<? grenlcr ]

eonvenleiil \

h.ij Urye ma

kind of nuff«

Chln.v If ii

canal. The c

^ 'hao-fiin/f, j

»lnce of Tchi

cities of the tl

di(flion. It is

Lon. fao 18 e

^'hao-tcheot

province of (

tween twona

bra ted for a m(

its neighbourl

Canton. Ion.

Cha^a/a, a la

province of Q

.i«d 16 broad.

St. Jago. On 1

the fame name,

Tibet, fc'ated ot
the Ganges, 90
like Manfaroar,
/l:ppofed to tak
xvE Sirinagur.
10 V.

Ojapellhli^ a
I" Orange coun
frtabli/lied by th(
an eminence, by
creek, which flov
Cape Fear river,
Lon. 79 a w, lat
yhupel in It f V
"lire, with a mar
ed on the confir
Jt Mancheftei, ai
(^har abort, a fe
t-'f Jav;i, in a c(
mtjch rice, fugar
ton, 3fc. which t
» low rate. It
Lon. 109 4 s, lat.
^harafm, a fer
Tartary, bounded
ft^n, E byBokhai
*v hy the Cafpia.
amoii,;^ fcveral 1
whom one take* t

'1 degree of pre- en
J.hiva is the capi

fidenceofthekha.

'"g the fummer, h

«n the banks of th
^harboroufrh, a

6 m ssE Blandforc
Y gentleman s feat
Jwhere the plan of

jHonof ,688wasc(
'-nircas, an audi

i{

diflVrcnt
.incl for-
, ;iu(l in
icr.

loftan, in
the CJocl-
m. '.-.) 54

jft provinces
e great wall,
lie of which
;\ wild and
the reft nrc
cut into I'-T-
It cont;iins
and 85 of the
ipita\ isTui-

■e

ranee, in tlir
is a gn;at
and maRuih-
ately belong-
de. It is 17

of Cliina, on
.ain8 fix cities
of the fecoiid
here are along
,d villages of
ount of their
ffmalliflundi,

cn A

Ihe greater part of which h.ire very
convenient li;irhoiir«. Thin province
has Urge manufa<*liirei of iillt, and a
kind of nufft prculiAr to ihii' part of
China. It ii traverfrd by tite Imperial
canal. The capital U Tfl-nan.

i'hao-hinf^, a city of China, In th^ pro-
vince of Tchr-kiang. which has cijcht
citiei of the third rank under itn jiiril-
di^ion. It !i 730 nrt m hy v. Peking.
Lon. no 18 E, lat. 30 10 n'.

Cha»-lthtc% a city of China, in the
province of Q^iang; ton^', (liiiatc be-
tween two' n.ivijiiahlc riven, and celc-
hrated for a monalitry of the bronzes in
it* neighboiuluxid. It in 140 m n
Canton. I. on, iij 10 k, lai. 250 n.

Chapala% a l.ikcof New Spain, in the
province of Ouadalaxara, 60 m long
asd 16 broad. Its outlet is the river
St. J.ago. On the n lide is a village of
the fame name, 45 m .se Guadalax.ira.

Cluifiaranxt or Dfaftronx, a city of
Tibet, ((.*atcd on the Ibiithern head of
the Ganges, 90 m wcftward from the
like Ma 11 iaroar, whence that branch u»
fi:ppofed to uke itn rife- It is i6om
KNK Sirinagur. Lon. 79 at e, lat. 33

10 V.

Qmpel Ilillf a town of N Carolina,
ill Orange county, with a univerfity
(•ilablinitd by the Hate. It is fratcd on
an eminence, by a branch of Ncwhopc
creek, which flows to the NW branch of
Cape Fear river, la m ssb Hilfborough.
Lon. 79 a w, lat. 35 56 n.

dhapel in It Frith, a town in Dcrby-
(hire, with a market on Thurfday ; fcat-
ed on the confines of the Peak, 17 m
St Manchcfter, and 167 nnw London.

Charabon, a feaport on the n coaft
of Javii, in a country that produces
much rice, fugar, coffee, pepper, cot-
ton, Sf.c. which the Dutch purchafe at
1 low rate. It is 130 m Esil Batavia.
Lun. 109 4 s, lat. 6 50 s.

C/iarafm, a fertile country of U(bec
Tartary, bounded on the n by Turke-
ftAn, E byBokharia, sby Chorafan, and
w by the Cafpian fea. It is divided
amoti|7 fcveral Tartarian princes, of
whom one takes the title of khan, with
a degree of pre-eminence over the reft.
Khiva is the capital, and the ufual re«
lidence of the khan in winter, but dur-
ing the fummer, he generally encamps
on the hanks of the Amu.

C/iari)oroii/rfi, a village in Dorfetlhire,

1 6 m ssE Blandfovd. In the grounds of

a gentleman* feat here, is the houfe

Iwhere the plan of the glorious revolu-

|tion of i68« was concerted.

CUrcas,in audience of Peru, includ-

I. ;

C U A

ing fevrral provincrR, in which are the
ffrirft niver mines in the world. Plata
is the capital. Sc- l*otij!.

('Aiiiti, .1 town in StHiHTfe.tfliirr, with
a lu.trket on Monday. It (luitU pre-
eminent overall the country between
the two fi.iH ; :ind haf a c> pioux ilrcam,
which might be eaGly cc nduAed in a
direitiun oppofttc that which it now
takes It IN i: m H8I Taunton and
ij(; w hy s London.

t'/mrf»tf, ;t depiutmcnt of France,
incliuliiiK the late province of Angou-
mois. It \i named from a river, which
rifes in riiitofln, and run* by Angou-
lefme and Saintes into the bay or BH-
cay. An>';()>ilefme is the capital.

C/iarente, I'Oiver, a department of
France, conlifting of the two late pro-
vinces of Aunis and Saintongc. Saintcs
is the capital.

Charentotiy a town of France, in the
department of Paris, once famous for
its protcftant church. It Hands on th..
river Seine, 4ms Paris.

*'harite, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Nievre, with manufaiftureB
of woollen and hardware Here is a
priory of Benedidine Cluniftcs, which
once, in a feafon of fcarcity, fubfifted
the whole town by its bounty ; and
hence it derives its name. It is fcaied
on the Loire, 15 tn n by w Ncvers.

Hharkatu, a town of Rullia, capital
of a governmaat of the fame name, for-
merlycalled the govemnn^nt of Ukrania-
Slovodlkaia. Hen: is a univerlity found-
ed by the preltnt emperor Alexander.
It is fcated in an extenfive plain, partly
on an eminence between the rivers
Charkowa and Lopan, 400 m s by w
Mofoow. Lon. 35 54 K, lat. 50 10 n.

Charhmont, a borough and garrifon
i.">wn of Ireland, in the county of
Armagh, on the river Blackwatcr, 6 in
8 Dungaanon.

C'//ar/^»io«/,afortified town of France,
in the department of Ardennes, on a
craggy mountain, by the river Mtufc,
ao m N E Rocroy.

Charleroy, a town of the Nether-
lands, in the county of Namur. It has
been often tstken, the laft time by the
French in tf94- It is feated on the
Sambre, 18 m w Namur.

Charles, Cape, the N cape of Virginia,
at the entrance of Chefapeak bay, 14 m
MNB of cape Henry. Lon. 75 50 w, lat.

37 12 N.

C/iarlest Cape, a promontory forming
the E extremity of Labrador, and the »
point of the entrance of the ftrait of
BelleiOe. Lon. 55 a^ w, lat. ;a a; n.

?• *

,,/v

u:

^

I

'-i

n.

ril A

Charles, Ca^e, a promontory on the
«w p.irt of the (irait entering into llud*
foil l).iy. Loii 7( If w, lat. ^>. 40 m.

C'Aarltt, St. A town ot l.ouili.uu, on
tlic liTi hiiiik of the MiU'ixirt, n n<
nhovc it« curfliix with the Milliflippi,
nnd .14 w by N St. I.ouii.

Charhjhn, a brae dlftrl^ of 8 C;iro.
lina, which lict b^twft'n H.ittle<* .iml
Combahre rivtri. The city of Char'c-
noil is thecnpiiAl.

C'fyarl*/hn, u fortiricd city and (canort
of S Caroliii J, (leemt-d the cipital ol tlur
ftate, though the feat of government it
at Culumbi.t. It ia a place of good
trade t and hau an exchange^ a public
library, an armoury, an^l i\ fdiln.c» for
public worHtip. It Aindu on a tongue
of land between the river 1 Alhlry and
Cooper, the former of which is navigu*
))le for /hips of burden 20 m above tne
town. The inhabitants areedimated at
i7,ooo- It is 100 m siE Coliimbi'>.
Lon. 80 2 w, lat- 32 48 n.

CharUjlon, a town of Maryland, in
Cecil county, near the head of Chef-
aprak bay, 6 m k by s Havre dc Grace,
and 60 sw Philadelphia.

Charlefloriy a town of New Hamp*
ftiire, chief of C hefhire county It it
fituate on the Connciflicut, 84 m wnw
Portlmouth, and 105 nw Bodon. Lori.
71 23 w,Ui. 43 ,6 N.

C/iarlf/hrif a town of MafTachufetii,
chief of Nliddlefex county. It is lituatc
under the celebrated Breeds Hill, on a
peniufnJa formed by M yftic river on the
K, and a bay fetting up from ('harlcs
river on the w ; and is connedled on the
I, by C harlcs River Bridge, with Bof-
ton.

Charlt/hn, a town of the ftate of
Rhode Ifland, in Wafhington county,
19 rn NW Newport.

Charlejhn, a town of Scotland, in
Aberdeenniire, much frequented by
invalids for the benefit of goats whey.
It is feated neur the Oce, a8 m w by s
Aberdeen.

(JharUville, a borough of Inland, in
the county of Cork, 34 m n by w Cork,
and 39 wsw Cafhel.

Charlevil/e, a town of France, in the
department of Ardennes. Here is a
inagninLcnt Iquare, and in the centre a
handlome fountain. It h icaled on the
Meufe, oppofite Mczieres, 25 m wnw
Sedan.

Charlotte^ a town of N Carolina,
tthicf of Mecklenburg county, fituate on
Steel creek, 44 m ssw Salifbury. Lon.
to 45 w, lat. 35 12 N.

Charlottenburg, a town of Branden-

( yiarldtte'tonvn, the capital of the iilf
of St. John, in lli' gulf of St. I.awrrncr,

rn A

burg, in the MIddIr mark, with a royal
paUce, and magnificent girdenn. ft
wJi built by Sopliia ( hnrlotte, thr fliil
quwn of I'rutTla, on the river J<pree, 4
m w Brrlin.

^'hmrlolltfvilU, a town of Virginia,
chief «)f Albemarle loiinty, fituate near
lt)e brad of thrRivinna, 80 m wnw
Richmond, and 8a « '■ Fredniclhurf.
he cauital of
julf ofSt.I.a
iitMatc on the w coalt, on the river IIIK-
burg. l.on. 62 ?o w, lat. 46 5 w.

Cfiarht'etoivH, the eapital of Domi-
nica, formerly called Holcau. In t8c6
it vv;»s nearly drftroyetl by a hurricunc
If (lands on .1 no'.rit !)f land, on the nv
lide of the ir.ii.i' which fornn iwo
bays; and is 2: in »' of I'liiicc Rupiu
bay. Lon. 61 s8 w, iat. 15 iH N.

C/iiirnifi, .■\ town of France, In tlir
department of Vofges, feated on the
Mofelle, 8 m K Mirecourt.

C/uirollrs, a town of France, in thf
deprtment of Saone and Loire, with t
ruinous caftle ; feated on the Rccoiicc,
a4m WNw Macon.

Chart)/}, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Indrc, feated on the Arnon,
6 m NB Id'oudun.

('harrouxy a town of Fran* c, in the
department of Vicnne, 15 m s Poiiicr*.

(Viartres, a city of France, capital of
the department ofEurrand Lou, .m\
lately an epifcopal fee. The cathnlral
is one of the nncft in France, and its
lleeple much admired. The principal
trade confifts in corn. It is feated un
the Eure, over which is a bridge, the
work of the celebrated Vauban, 45 m
sw Paris. Lon. i 30 e, lat. 48 37 v.

Chart/biiis. RfdmouH whirlpool, in the
ftrait of MefTina, on the coaft of Sicily,
oppeQte the celebrated Scylla, in Italy.
According to the theme of ancient
poets, it was very formidable to ma-
riners; but it is faid to have been en*
tirely removed by the great carthiiuake
ill 1783.

(hatahouchee, a rapid river of the dale
of Georgia, which rifes in tht Apah-
thian mountains, and runs s for 300 m
to F, Florida, where it is joined by the I
Flint, and their united ftream takes thej
name of Apalachicola.

Chataigneraye, a town of France, is I
the department of Vendee, 12 m n Fon«
ten ay le Compfe.

i'hateau Briant, a town of France, inl
the department of Lower Loire, wilhanj
old caille, 24 m s Hennes.

Chateau Catnlre/isy a town of Francfij
in the d«f)artnient of Kord, with

palace

bray.

\t\ !«.,

and Ph

the Neil

the dep
derabic
near the

N Ni've

' 'ftatt

Pit'«Iit)(it

in w by

Chaiic

the depj

fiegc of [

»hnt, i

••K Man

' 'he tea

the dep.i

9 file, a I

'ineni J f{

KW Ange
^ ha I ear
1" tlic dci
with an A
hi". ,10 m
Chateau
'n the dtp,
cient caftle
. Chateau
in the depa
Rethel.
, Chateau
in the depi

!<> m NE T
Chateau .
the departi
tenfivf fjilt
Chateau '.
• n the (Icp
^'aftlc on nil
place of tilt
feaied on
Paris. Lon
Oiateau /
the departn
m ^y Cinnm
Chair audu
department
caille built
Dunois; fea
the Loir, \o
Chateau/in
department
derable trai
Au/.on, 12 m

Chateuunei
the depiiriii
Bourge.i,

Chateauneu
the departmJ
ra NW Chartr

^hateauneu

of France, m

C H A

pftl.ic* belonging to tht blfliop of Cim.
bray. A trc4fy was concliulctl hcu*,
in 1^59, hrtwitn llcnry tt of Krarnr
and Pliilip II of Spain It in fcatcd on
thc^'cilll•, 14 m III Camliuy.

VhatfUH t'Ainou, n town of Prance, In
the <Iep.«rtmcnt of Nic»rc, with a ouiD-
der«bl( n>aniif.ianrf nf cloth \ ri»atnl
near thr fmirce of the Yonnc, j6 m » by

(■'hnteau I'iauphin, a Hrniig onlllf of
Pirdiimnt. near the foiircc of the I'.*, 16
in vv by N Sahi/./.o.

C/ialtau (lu Loir, a town of France, in
th»* tit'partmcnl «)f Sartr, fainoii. for a
fifgc ul fi ven y«?.ira againll tlie count of
Mann. It ii fcatcd on ilic Loir, aa m
••K Mam.

Chateau (lonliettn town of Franrr,in
the dt'p,irtmi ut of Maycnne, wjih a
caftic, a mincr.ll fprinjr, and a Iradr in
lini ns ; fcatod on the Maycnne, aa m
*w Angci<;.

Chateau LanJon, a town of France,
in the dcp.irtment of Sfint- and M.iriic,
with an Augndino abbry, fcalcd on a
hill, 30 m .s Mcluii.

Chateau Meil/ant, a town of France,
in the department of Cher, wiih an an-
cient caftie, it m s Bituigrs.

Chateau Portien, a town of France,
in the department of Ardennes, 6 m w
Rethd.

Chateau Utgnaud, a town of France,
in the department of Indre and Loire,
16 m NE Tours.

Chateau Salins, a town nf France, in
\Uc department of Mcurtlir, with ex..
tenfivc fait works, 16 m n 1. Nancy.

Chateau Thinrri/, a town of France,
in the department of Aifne, with a
caftie on an eminence. It is the birtli-
place of the celebrated Fontaine, and
ll'ated on the river Marne, ^7 m rst
Paris. Lon. ] 33 k, lat. 49 a n.

Chateau I'Uain, a town of Francf, in
the department of Upper Manie, 16
m w Chaumont.

Chaff auduft, a town of France, in the
department of Enre and Loir, with a
callle built by the famous count of
Dunois ; feati^d on an eminence, near
the Loir, 30 m n Bloi"^

Chateaiilin, a town o^ France, in the
department of FiniHeire, with a confi-
derable trade in (latei ; feated on the
Au/on, 12 m N Quimper.

Chateuuneuft a town of France, in
the depiirimcnt of Cher, 16 m s
Bourges.

Chateauneuf, a town of France, in
the department of Euro and Loir, 16
III Nw Chattre*.
Chateauneuf, a town of France, in

( ri A

the department of Maynneand Loiie,
felled on thr Sartr, 14 m m Angcri.

C/ntl^'iiirohx, i town of I'rancr, c,»«
pit il of lh».' clepartmcnt of Indre, witli
a caftie. It ha<( a minufatfturc of cloth,
anil it A'atcd on a pleafjiit pl.iiii, on th»!
In«lrf, t5 m kw • H,,iirgfi, antl 14H
n hy w l».uu. Lon. 1 51 R, lat. 46

C.h.itJ, a town of Prancr, in-thede.
pirtmint of VoIk^, (itatcd on the Mo.
ftlle, 8 III V Fpiiial.

Chatcl Chnlont a town of France, in
the dep.ntmi'iit of Jura, aj m fcNi
hoi\n If Sunnier.

ChaieUtrnult, a town of France, in
the dip.irtmeiii of Vienne, noted for its
cntli ry. watchmaking, and the rutting
of fiilfcdiamoniU \ feated on the Vimnr,
a2 m KK Poiticri

Chntfnoy, a town of France, in the
departm»*ril of Vofge^, 6 m SB Neuf-
cliatciii.

Chatham, a lown in K^nt, feated on
the Midway, ailjoinintj .he E pa|t of
Kndicftcr. It in one oj* tht principal
ftationi of the royal navy j ti j its laryc
dock-yard, containinj,' immenfe maga-
zines fiirnillieil with all Ibrts of naval
ftores, is dirnud the firft arfenal in the
worhl. Here arc alio an ordnance
wharf, a viiftuallins-oflice, and two liof-
pitals for decayed mariners and (liip-
wriglits. In 1 667, the Dutch failed up
to this town, and burnt feveral men of
war : but the eii.raiice into the Med
v/ay is now defended by Sheerncfs and
other forts, and additional fortifications
here. ( hatham lias a mark-t on Satnr-
d.«y, a church, n chapel of cafe, and a
iliip uled as a church by the failorH. In
I do I, the number of iidiabitants waii
10,505 : sec liochijier.

Chatham, a town of Maftachufcti,
in Barnftable county, fituate on the ex-
terior extremity of the elbow of Cape
Co(' It has about 40Teircls employed
in the filheiy, and is 70 m SR Bofton.
Lon. 70 5 w, lat. 41 44 n-

C/iiitham, i town of Coniieflicut, in
Middlcfex county, on the ri\4T Connec-
ticut, oppofite Middleton.

Chatham, a town of S Carolina, chief
of Chelterik'ld county. It is fituate in
a rich country, at the head of the Pedce,
90 m NK Columbia, and no n by w
Georgetown. Lon. 79 40 w, lat. 34

40 N.

Chotiilon lei Dombciy a town of
France, in the department of Ain, lam
w Bourp.

Chatillonfur Indre, a town of France,
in the dcpariment of Indre, \% m sij
Lochei.

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Sciences
Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. MS 80

(716) 872-4503

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ChatlUonfur Marnt, a town of France,
in the department of Marne, 17 in s
llheims.

(Jhatillon fur Se'tnet a town of France,
in the department of C6te d'Or, divided
into two by the river Seine. It has iron-
works in the neighbo irhood, and is 40
m Nw Dijon. Lon. 4 35 1, lat. 47

42 N.

Chatonnayt a town of France, in the
department of Iferc, 15 m b Vienne,
and 12 SB Lyon.

ChatrakaU a fort and diftria: of My-
forc. See Chitteldroofr.

C/iaire, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Indre, with a woollen ma-
imfadlure; feated on the Indre, ai m
SSB C'hatcauruux.

C/iatfiwortht a yWhgc in the peak of
Derbyihire, near the river Derwent, 6
m w C better field. Here is a magnifi-
cent feat of the dukes of Devon/hire,
which, for its fine fituation, park, gar-
dcn«, fountains, &c. is juflly deemed
one of the wonders of the peak. In its
firtt age it was the prifon of Mary queen
of Scots, for 17 years-

Cbatterpoun a town of Hindooftan*
in the province of Allahabad, capital of
the circar of Bundelcund* It is 130 m
wiw AlIalM^ad. Lon. 79 56 e, lat. 25
o Mr.

Chaixan, a town of Hindooftan, in
the proTioce of Moultanf 90 m w
Moultan.

Chaveit a town of Portugal, in Tra
I08 Montest with two fuburbs, and two
forti. Between the town and the fuburb
Magdalena u a Roman ftone bridge. It
ftands near the confines of Spam, on the
river Tamega» 46 m w Braganza.

C/iaumont, a town of France, capital
of the department of Upper Mame.
Here il a manufaAure of woollen cloth,
and a trade in deer and goat fkins. It
is ftated «n a mountain, i.v*ar the river
Mame, j6 m b by s Tro;t t:. Lon. 5 9
u, lat. 48 8 N.

Chaumeat, a town of France, in the
department of Oiie, 16 m ssw Beauvats.

Chauny, a town of France, in the de-
partment uf Aifne, on the river Oife, 20
m B Noyon.

Chaux de FonJi a village of Swifler-
land, in the principality of Neuchatel.
The inhabitant!, about 3000, make nu-
merous watches and clocks; and the
women are employed in the lace manu-
iaAure. It is feated in a fertile valley,
9 m NNw Neuchatel.

C/ieadUt a town in Stafford (hire, with
a market on Saturday. Here is a large
tape manufadure, and in the vidnity
are feveral copper and brafg works.

CHE

Four m se are the ruins of Croxdee
abbey. It is feated in the molt fertile
part of the moorland, la m nnb Staf-
ford, and 146 NW London.

ChebuSlo, a bay and harbour on the
S8E coaft of Nova Scotia. The bay is
large ciough to (belter 1000 men of
war ; and near the head, on the w fide,
ftands the city of Halifax.

ChcdabuSlo, a bay at the e end of
Nova Scotia, between the ifland and
gut of Canfo. Salmon river enters thiH
bay from the w, and is remarkable for
one of the greatcft filheries in the world.

C/iedderf a village in Somcrfeilhirer.
feated under Mendip hills, a m se Ax-
bridge. It is famous for excellent chcefe ;.
and its cliffs conftitute one of the finefk
pieces of rock fcenery in England.

Cheduba, an ifland in the bay of Ben-
gal, on the coaft of Birmah, 45 m long
and 10 broad. It yields abundance of
rice, and the moft weftern point is in
lon. 93 35 E, lat. 18 56 N.

Cfieego Muddu a town of Hindooftan,
in the country of Cutch, at the mouth
of the Caggar, 23 m 3W Boopeboogc.

Cheitore, a town of Hindooftan, in the
territory of Oudipour. It was the ca-
pital of the rana, or chief prince, of the
Rajpoots, in the days of his greatnefs ;.
and was a fortrefs and city of great ex-
tent, fituate on a mountain : but It has
been in ruins fince the time oT Aurung-
zebe, in 1 68 1. It is 46 m nne Oudi-
' pour, and 88 ssw Agimere-

Chelm, a town of Poland, in Red Ruf-
fia, capital of a palatinate of its name,
and a biftiop's fee. In 17941 the Poles
were defeated by the Pruffians near this
town. It is 100 m ese Warlaw. Lon.
23 29 E, lat. 51 20 N.

Chelmer, a river in ElTex, which rifcs
near Thaxted, and flows by Dunmow
and Chelmsford to Maiden, where it
joins the Blackwater.

Chelmsford, the county town of Eflex,
with a market on Friday. Here is a
ftately church, a magnificent ftiire-houfe,
an excellent conduit, and a iireefchool
founded by Edward vi. It ia fituate at
the conflux of the Can with the Chel-
mer, 29 m ENE London. Lon. o 33 e,
lat. 51 44 N.

Chelmsford, a town of Maflachufets,
in Middlefex county, near the s bank
of the Merimac, over which is a cu-
rious bridge, at Patucket Falls, which
conneifts this town with Dracut. It is
28 m NNW Boilon.

Chelfea, a village in Middlefex, on the
Thames, a mile w Wcftminfter. Here
is a magnificent hofpital for the invalids
of the army, begun by Charles ix ; a

xdeB

ertilc
Staf-

n the
bay ii
en of

! fidCy

ind of
d and
rs th'iH
ble for
world*
jUhire,.

3E AX-

:heefe ;
e fineft
i.

of Ben-
m long
lance of
nt is in

iooftan,
a mouth
booge.
m, in the
8 the ca-
e, of the
reatnefs ;
great ex-
)ut it hat
Aurung-
E Oudi-

RedRuf-

ts name,
he Poles
near this
A*. Lon.

I of Eflex,
lere is a

[re-houfe,
reefchool

Jfituatc at

Ithe Chel-
o 33 E,

[achufets,
|e s bank

ia a cu-
tis, which

It. It is

tx, on the
fr. Here
[e invalids
lea II j a

CHE

rsyal military afylum for indigent bnys;
and an excellent phytic garden, given to
^be compHny of apothecaries, in i;tt,
by fir HansSloane.

Cbelttnhamt a town in Olouccfter-
ihire, with a market on Thurfday.
Here is a mineral fpring, celebrated for
itsfalubrity ; and 2 m k of the town is
anothtr of the fame kind. Hence it is
become a place of public refort, and in
1788 was honoured with the reRdence
of the royal family. The number of
inhabitants was 3076 in i8oi> and 8315
in 181 1. It is 9 m ne Glouccfterf and
94 w by N Lon.^jn.

Cheium, or Behaty a river of Afiai the
wefternmolt of th« five eaftern branches
of the Indus, it rifes above Caflimere,
flows through the province of that name,
into that of Lahore, and joins the Chu-
naub, 16 m below KooHiaub. This river
is the Hydafpes of Alexander.

Chelyt St. a town of France, in the
department of Lozere, 18 m n by w
Mende, and 30 sw Puy.

C/iemrtitZt a town of Upper Saxony,
:n Mifnia, furrounded by walls and
ditches. It has four fuburbs, and a
caftle about a mile from the town.
Great quantities of cottons end other
fine ftuffs are made here; and the
bleaching buHnefs is confiderable. It is
fituate on a river of the fame name, 36
m sw Drefden. Lon. iz 57 b, lat. 50

Chenangoy a town of New York, in
Tioga county, where the judicial courts
are held in May. It is fituate nrar the
river Jhenango, which flows into the
Sufquehana, 32 m ne Union, and 60 sw
Cooperftown. Lon. 760 w, lat. 42 n n.

Chenapatam, a town of Hindooftan,
in Myfore, near which is a handlbme
ftonefort. It has manufaduresof fugar,
glafs, and excellent muPic wire, and a
great trade in the produce of the palm-
gardens in its vicinity. Il is 40 m ene
Seringapatam.

ChencouTt or Chemkotty a town of Ar-
menia, on the frontiers of Georgia, with
a beautiful caftle, grand caravanferas,
and feveral mofques. it is 160 m ne
Erivan.

Chen-Jitont of the mod extenfive pro-
vinces of China, bordering on the great
wall, which terminates here, and is but
rudely conftrudted of turf or hardened
clay. It is divided into two parts, the
eaftern and weftern, and contains eight
cities of the firft rank, and 160 of the
iecond and third. It is fertile, com-
mercial, and rich, but fubjeft to long
droughts ; and clouds of locufts fome-
timei deftroy every thing that grows in

CHB

the fields : thefe infe<<ls the inhabitants
eat boiled. In Chen-fi are rich gold
mines, which are not allowed to be
opened. Sin.gan is the capital.

t'hen-yang^ Or Moug-den, a city of
Eaftern Tartary, capital of a province
of the fame name, otherwife called
Leao-tong. The walls are 10 m in
circuit ; and it is ornamented with fe-
veral public edifices, and provided with
arfenals and ftorehoufes. It is 350 m
ENE Peking. Lon. 1245 e, 'at- 41 55 n.

Chepelloi an iOand in the ha<' of Pa-
nama, 3 m from the city of . <nama,
which it fupplies with provifions and
fruit.

Chepftow, a town in Monmouthfhire*
with a market on Saturday. It is felt-
ed on the fide of a hill, on the Vf^ft
near its conflux with the SevB.ti., and
veflTels of 700 tons come up to the
bridge. It was furrounded by a waitt
traces of which are obfervable ; and oo
a perpendicular rock are the remains of
a large caftle. Here was alfo a priory,
part of which is converted into a
church. The tide rifes here firom 30 to
60 feet, and in 1768 it flowed 70 feet, to
the great damage of the bridge. The
principal exports aic timber, bark, iron,
and cider. It is 18 m n Briftol, and 135
w London. Lon. a 36 w, lat. 51 5a n.

C'/itr, a department of France, includ-
ing part of the late province of Berry.
It receives its name from a river which
riles in Auvergne, and flows into the
Loire, below Tours. Bourges is the
capital.

Cherafcot a fortified town of Pied-
mont, capital of a fertile territory of the
fame name, with a ftrong citadel. It is
feated on a mountain, at the conflux of
the Stura wiih the Tanaro, 34 m se
Turin. Lon 7 58 e, lat. 44 45 n.

Chciuiuy a diftridt or S Carolina, com-
prehending the counties of Darlington,
Cheftcrfield, and Marlborough. It is
well cultivated, and watcreti by the
Great Pedee and a number of fm^ler
ftreams. The capital is Greenville.

Cherburg, a feaport of France, in the
department of Manche, with an Au-
gulUne abbey. Here was a feafight be-
tween the Englifh and French in 1692,
when the latter were beat, and upward
of twenty of their men of war burnt
near Cape la Hogue. The Englifli
landed here in 1758, took the town,
with the fhips in the bafin, demolifhed
the fortifications, and ruined the works
for improving the harbour. Thefe
works were refum«d on a ftupendout
fcale, by Lewis x vi j but their progrefi
was interrupted by the revolutiva.

" * i

|<%|ii^''' >>il!i

\f

im

i

m

i

.-?<-'': til

f . ; "^ :\- *<\

CHE

Cherburg is 60 m Nvr Caen. Lon. i 37
w, ht. 49 39 s.

C/icriLon } fee Charahnrt'

Cherkest a town of Aliatic Turkey,
in Natoiin, liirroundal by a wall, and
fituate in a plain. 66 m e BoH.

Cheronifo, a town of European Tur-
key, on the NE coaft of the illand of
Negropont, 1,5 m B Ntjjropont.

Cheroy, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Yonne, 10 m w Sens.

Cherry Valiey, a town of New York,
in Otfego county, at the head of a
creek of its name, on the e fide of Ot-
fego iake, la m ME Cooperftown, and
45 w by N Albany.

Cherfo, an ifland in the gulf of Ve-
nice, between the coafls of Idria and
Croatia. On the s it is fcpi;rated from
Ofcro by a very narrow channel, and
the two iflandu are united by a bridge.
The foil is (tony ; but it abounds in
cattle, wine, oil, and honey. It has a
town of the (ame name, with a good
harbour. Lon. 14 4; E, lat. 45 10 N.

Cherfon, the capital of New Rufliai
in the government of Catharinenllaf,
creftcd by Catharine 11, on the n bank
of the Dnieper, lo m below the influx
of the Ingulec Here is a dock, from
xvhich feveral men of war and merchant
(hips have been launched ; but owing
to fome fand banks in the river, the
naval cftablifhment has been transferred
hence to Nicolayef. The church and
many of the houles are built of ftone ;
but the town is finking into decay-
In 1787, the emprefs made a triumphal
journey to this capital, and here met
emperor Jofeph 11. At this place, in
i7<5o, the philanthropic Howard fell a
vi(flim to his tndifatigable humanity ; he
was interred near the adjacent village of
Dauphigny, and a monument eredted
to his memory by the Ruflian admiral.
Cherlbn is 50 m E Oczakof. Lon. 3 1 a6
E, lat. 46 37 N.

Chertfey, a town in Siury, with a
market on Wednefday. Here was for-
merly an abbey, of which only a part of
the walls now remain; it was the firit
burial place of Henry vi, who was af-
terward removed to Windfor. It is
leated hear the 1 hames, over which is
a handfome bridge, ao m w by s London.

Che/apeak, the largcft and fafeft bay
\n the United States. Its entrance is
14 miles wide, between cape Charles in
Maryland and cape Henry in Virginia.
It extends 270 m to the n, is from 10
to 40 m broad, and generally nine
fathoms deep ; containing feveral idands
and many commodious harbours. It
receives the Sufquebana^PQtomaC} Rap-

CHE

pahnnnoc, York, and James riverii
which are all large and navigable.

Citfjham, a town in BuckinghamfliirCt
with a market on Wednefday, and ma-
nufadlures of lace and wooden ware;
featcd in a vale, 27 m nw London.

Chejhire, a county palatiae of Eng-
land, bounded on the n by Lancalhire,
NE by Yorkshire, e by Derby Ihire, SK
by Staflbrdfliire, s by Shroplhire, w by
Denbighlhirc and Flintlhirc, and nw
by the Irilh fea, into which projerts a
peninfula, la m long and 6 broad,
formed by the mouths of the Merfey
and the Dee. This county extends 33
m from n to s, and 42 from e to w,
without including the peninfula jult
mentioned on the w, or a narrow traft
of land, which ftrelches, between Lan-
cafhire and Derbylhire, to Yorklhire,
on the NE. It contains 650^880 acres ;
is divided into (even hundreds, and 88
parifiies; has a city and iz market-
towns, and fends four members to par-
liament. The number of inhabitants
was 191,751 in 1801, and 227,031 in
18 1 1. The principal rivers are the
Rlerfey, Weevcr, and Dec ; and it has
feveral fmall lakes. It is rich in paf-
ture and corn land ; but there are
feveral heaths, upon which horfes and
Hieep feed, amqng which are the exten-
five foreils of Alaccle&field and Dela-
mere. The country is generally level ;
the higheft hills in it are about Frod-
(ham ; and its extenfive paftures feed a
great number of cows, from whofe milk
is made excellent cheefe, of which vaft
quantities are fent to London, Briftol,
York, Scotland, Ireland, &c. This
county is iikewife famous for its fait
f'prings at Namptwich, Middlewich,
Northwich, and Winsford ; and, at
Northwich, there are va(t pits of folid
i'alt rock.

Chejievt a c'ty and the capital of
Chelhirc, and a bifhop's fee, with a
market on Wednefday and Saturday.
It is governed by a mayor; and the
walls are nearly 2 m in circuit, in
which are four gates, toward the car-
dinal points. It has a ftrong cadle
(in which is the fliire-hr.ll) and nine
churches, befide the cathedral. The
main ftreets have a fort of covered por-
tico running out from houfe to houfe,
which are called rows, and afford a
ftieltered walk for the foot paflrengcr&.
The number of inhabitants was 15,05;
in 1801, and 16,140 in 181 1. It has a
conftant communication with Ireland ;
this and Holyhead being the prin-
cipal places for taking fliipping for
Dublin. Cbefter has a fmall ihare of

rWeri.

nd ma-
ware ;
on.

)f Eng-
caihirc,
lire, iK

;nd NW

ojefts a

t uroad»

: Merfey

tends 33
E to w,

ifula jult

ri)W iraft

een ^--an-

^orklhire,

l8o acres ;

18, and 88

I market-

•xi to par-

nhabitantJ

127,031 in

rs are the
and it has

ich in paf-
there are

horfeB and
the extcn-
and Dela-

^•rally letcl ;

ibout Frod-

lurea feed a
whofe milk
f which vaft

don, Briftol,

&c. Thin

for its fait

4iddlewich,

|d; and, at
pits of folid

CHE

foreign trad*", a manufatflure of gloves,
a conHderable traffic of (hop goodi into
N Walei, and two annual fairs, the
mod noted in England, cfpecially for
the fale of Irifh linen. It is feated near
the Dee, over which is a bridge of la
arches, 38 m sw Manchcfter, and iSo
Nw London. Lon. 3 3 w» lat- 53 i z n.
Cliejhr, a town of Pennfylvania, ca-
pital of Delaware county. It is the re-
Ibrt of much company during the fum-
mer months, and feated on the Dela-
ware, IS m sw Philadelphia.

ChefliTt a town of Maryland, capital
of Kent county. Here is Wafliington
college, which with St. John college at
Annapolis conftitute one univcrfuy,
called the Univerfity of Maryland. It is
feated on a river of the fame name, 15
m from its mouth in Chcfapeak bay,
and 81 sw Philadelphia. Lon. 76 10 w,
lat. 39 la N.

Chejler^ a town of S Carolina, chUf
of Chefter county. It is feated on
Broad river, 60 m nw Columbia.

Chefter^ a town of New Hampfliire,
in Rockingham county, on a lake thit
fends its waters into the MerriThac, irt
m w Exeter, and 34 w by s Portrm6uth.
Chejier, a town of Virginia, in Shan-
nandoah • ounty, on the point of land
formed by the juniflion of the North and
South river, which form the Shannan-
do:th, ao m_.s by w Winchefter, and 70
w Wafhington.

Chejier^ TVe/f, a town of Pennfylvania,
chief of Chefter county. Much bar-
iron h made in the vicinity. It is 25 m
w by s Philadelphia.

C/uJliTt Wejii a town of T^ew York,
chief of a county of the fsmc name.
It is feattd at the mouth of the Bronx,
15 m NE New York.

CheJler le Street, a village m the
county of Durham, on the w fide of
the river Wear, 6 m n Durham. The
church is collegiate, and was formerly
the fee of a bi/hop, till removed, with
the body of St. Cuthbcrt, to Durham.
Roman coins are ftill found here.

Chejierjieid, a town in Dirbyfhirc,
governed by a mayor, with a market on
Saturday. It has a church with a re-
markable curved fpiro, and a freefchool
founded by queen Elifabeth. Here are
manufaftures of ftockings, carpets, and
brown earthen ware ; alfo iron founde-
ries, the ore and coal for the fupply of
which are dug in the vicinity. Large
quantities of lead are fent hence, by a
canal to the Trent, which it joins below
Gainfborough. Chefterfield is feated
on a hill, between the rivulets Ibber
and Ruther) 24 m n Derby and 150

CIH

MNw London. Lu 1. 1 a; w, lat. 53
18 N.

iVieJlerfield, a town of New Hamp-
fliire, in Chelhire '.ounty; on the g bink *
of the Conneilici.t, 25 m s Charlefton,
and 7S w by s Exeter.

Cheviot Hills, a ridge of mountains
in England, extending from n to ^
through Northumberland and Cumber-
land, and famous fur its frc(; chace, for-
merly much ufed by the Engiiih atid
Scots gentry. Thele hills are now chiefly
wild and open ihccp-walks ; goats alfo
are fed among them, and fome Bne cat-
tle. Near their borders many an obfti-
nate battle has b( en fought between the
Englifh and Scots, before the two king-
doms were united ; among which may
be numbered the encounter, near Otter-
burn, between the earls Percy and Dou-
glas, celebrated in the ancient ballad of
Chevy ('hace.

Chiametlattt a town of New Spain, in
the audience of Guadalaxara, und the
capital' of a maritime province of the
fame name, which is fertile, and con-
tains many filvcr mines. On the coaft
are a clufter of fmall iflands. The town
is feated on a river of its name, 150 m
NW Guadalaxara. Lon. 10.5 45 w, lat.
22 ao N.

thiapa, a province of New Spain,
in the audience of Guatemala; boundecl
on the N by Tobalco, ti by Jucatan and
Vera Paz, s by Guatemala and Sonufco,
and w by Guaxaca. It has no mines of
fil ver or gold, but abounds in woodt aro-

^•c gums, balfums, cocoa, corUi &c.
anu its horfes are in high eftimation.

Qiiapot a city of New Spain, capital
of the province of Chiapa, and a bi-
fhop's fee. It has feveral monafteriea
and an elegant cathedral. The chief
trade is in cocoa, cotton, and cochineal
It is feated on the Grixalva, aoo m e
Guaxaca, and 215 nw Guatemala. Lon.
91 45 w, lat. 1641 N.

Chiaramonte^ a town of Sicily, in Val
di Noto, and county of Modica ; feated
on the top of a mountain, 13 m w
Medica.

Chiarenza, a town of European Tur-
key, in Morea, on the river Sillus, near
the Mediterranean, 10 m nb Caftel
Tornefe, and 2* sw Patras.

Chiari, a town of Italy, in Brefaiano,
where the Auftrians defeated the French
in 1 70 1. It is 15 m NNsCrema.

Chiavenna, the capital of a county of
its name, lately fubjedt to the Grifons,
but now annexed to the kingdom of
Italy. It is a trading place, efpecially in
wine and fruit, being the principal com-
munication between MiUnefe and Ger*

ifliM)' '{

t «''>'.V:,lllWiVs1-1

%^V

tl it ■; *l

C H I

many. Thcchiirtlie.s are magnlticfnt }
and the inhabitants arc Roman c.ithoiic».
Here arc thr rui"» of a once ctli-brattd
fortrc(i»i on thtHuminit of a rock, nn.l
clofc to thf town is a rock of afbrftos.
It is ft-atcil beiwttfn liigli riilj^fH of
mountaioR, near a I'mall lakt; of its
name, 38 m s Coiru. Lon- i, ay e,
Jat. 46 15 N.

C/iickacotta, a fortified town of Dor)-
tan, on the s frontier, frcqiitntly i;ikt'a
and rclinqiiilhcd by th<- Britilh Ini!i.t
troops, in the war with the Bontcras in
1772. It is 84 in ( by e Taflaludon.
Lon. 8935 E, lat. 26 5 J N.

Chichejter, a city and the capital of
Suflcx, and a county of itfeif, govfined
hy a mayor, with a market on Wediicl-
day and Saturday- (t is a bifhop's (ec,
and has feven churches bcfulc the ca-
thediui. The city is walled round, and
had formerly four gates. It exports
corn, malt, ice. has fome foreign com-
merce, and a manuf^dliire of needles.
The haven affords line lobfters. The
rumberof inhabitants was 4744 in 1801,
and642.i;in iSii. It isfcatedin a plain,
on the river Levant, near its entrance
into an arm of the Engliih channel, 61
m dW London. Lon. 0 48 w, lat.
50 50 N.

Chiclana, a town of Spain, in Anda-
luiia, much frequented by the mer-
chants of Cadiz in the fpring months.
The hills in its vicinity abound with
mineral fprings. Near this place, on
the heights of Barrofa; the Englilh and
Portuguefe gained a fignal viilory over
the French in 18 11. It is 16 m ssb
Cadiz.

Cliielefa, a town of European Tur-
key, in Morea, near the gulf of Co-
ron, 14 m w Colocythia.

Chtemfee, a Jake of Bavaria, .^5 m in
circumference. In the midft of ii are
twoiflandsi on one of them is a con-
vent of Benedidtine nuns, and on the
other an Auguftine mcnaflery. It lies
x% m wNvv Salzburg.

Chieri, a town of Piedmont, fur-
rounded by an ancient wall, in which
are fix gates. It has four grand fquares,
many churches and religious houfes,
and confiderable manufa£lures of cloth
and filk. It is 7 m E Turin.

Chieti ; fee Civita di ChUti.

Chigivell, a village in Eflex, 10 m
NE London. It is noted for a free-
fchool, founded by archbiihop Harfnett,
who had been vicar of this place, and
lies buried in the church.

Chihuahua, a city of New Spain, in
New Bifcay, and the refidence of a cap-
tain-general. The inhabitants are efti-

cn I

mated at 1 1,600. and the principal
cliurch is a fuperb cdilice, withdi-coij-
tioni immcniely rich. In the vicinity
arc conltderabic mines. It it 310 mM
by w Dur^ngo. Lon. 10428 w, lat.
j8 30 N.

( hili, or Chile, a country of 8 Ame-
rica, extending on the coaft of the Pacific
ocean, tioai la'. 15 to 42 s, from thcdc-
tert ot Alacamn 10 tlic illand of L'hiloe.
ItsliP^ch ii 1190 m, but it varies iu
bicaillii from 140 to ,')4(j to it& eaflern
boiindaiy, wliieh is the great range of
mount. tins called the Andes- This
CDUntiy w.ih difcovered by Diego
d'AI;iiagro in 152.^. The mountainous
part of It is poljl'llcd by the Puelcht-s,
Arauco^, and other tribes of its ori^'inal
inhabitants, who are flill fonnid.ible
neighbours to the Spaniards. That
part of Chili, therefore, which may be
properly deemed a Spanifh province, is
a narrow diilri^, exltnding along the
coaft, from the a5th to the ^yih decree
of latitude, about 840 m. The Indian
country to the s of this, fiom th»; river
Biobio to the ifland of Chiloe, is inha-
bited by three diflin(5t nations, the
Auracaneans, the Cunches, <\nA the
Huilliches ; but the Spaniards here pof-
fefs the town and diftridt of Valdivia.
The Spanilh part ia divided into 13
provinces, which, commencing on the
fide of Peru, are Copcapo, Coquimbo,
Quillota, Aconcagua, Mclipilla, St.
Jago, Rancagua, Calchagua, Maule,
Itata, Chilian, Puchiicay, and Huilqui*
lemu ; but they are imperfedtly de-
fignated, and fome of them fix times
larger th.in others. Chili, ihough
bord.-: ing 011 the torrid zone, never feeli
the extremity of heat, being fcreened on
the F. by the Andes, and refrelhed from
the w by cooling fea breezes. The fer-
tility of the foil correlponda with the
benignity of the climate, and is wonder-
fully accommodated to European pro-
dudtions. The mofl valuable of thefe,
corn, wine, and oil, abound in Chili, u
if they had been native in the country.
Here all the fruits imported from £u*
rope attain to full maturity ; and the
animals not only multiply, hut improve.
The horned cattle aie ot laigcr fize
than thofe of Spain ; and its horfes excel
in beauty and fpirit the famous Auda-
lufian race, from which they fprung.
Nature, too, has enriched Chili with
valuable mines of gold, filver, copper,
iron, tin, and lead; alfo with fait fprings,
and mineral waters. Yet, in all this
extent of country there arc not above
80,000 white inhabitants, and 240,000
blacks ana people of a mixed race-

• principal
ilh dfcoia-
he vicinity
IB 310 m v
. 18 w, lat.

' of 8 Anit-
f tlic Pacific
from the «le-
il of Chiloe.
it varieti in
t) itb eaftcrn
:at range of
iile». This
l»y picgo
nountitinous
»e Piitlcht'8,
)f its original
I fortnid'iblc
*rd8. That
/hich may be
I province, is
ng along the
e 37ih»itjrpe
The Indian
ionrt the river
liloKf i» iniia-
nations, the
iCHi and the
ards here pof-
t of Valdivia.
vidtd into 13
L'ncinp on the
ij, Coqiiimboi
Mclipilla. St.
igua. Maule,
, and Huilqui*
^perfedtly de-
them fix timet
:hili, ihough
ine, never feeli
ng fcretMied on
refreiheil from
r/A'8. Thefer-
jndo with the
and !8 wondtr-
European pro-
luable of thefe.
ind in Chili, an
in ihe country,
jrted from Eu-
urity ; and the
y, l)ut improve.
ot laigcr fize
its horfes excel
famous Auda-
. they fprung.
hed Chili with
filver, copper,
/uhfaltfprinps,
Yet, in all this
I are not above
18, and 340,000
a mixed race

C If I

Thi'i country it not infcflcd by any
kind of infcdt except the chi^u.ij or
pricker, nor by any poifonouH reptile ;
«nd although in the woods and fields
feme I'nakeiare to be found, their t)ite
ii not dangerous ; nor duet any fivagu
or ferocious \)*:,ii\ excite terror in its

Einins. The chief rivers arc the* Mautr,
iobio, Cauten, Toltt-n, Valdivia,
Chaivin, Kiobueno, and Sinfondo,
which, with many ithcrs, rift: in the
Andes and lluw w into the occau. St.
Jago is tlic capital.

L'hilka, a lake in the Deccan of Hiii-
dooltaii, whici) boundii the five I'ircars
on the N. It lies on the coafl of the
bay of Bengal, and leems the effed of
the breach of the fea over a flat landy
furface, whofe trlevation was ibmething
above the level of the country within.
It communicates with the lea by a very
narrow but deep opening, and is (hal-
low within. It is 40 m long and 14
broad, with a narrow flip of ground be-
tween it and the fea. It contains many
iuhabited iflands. On the nw it is
bounded by a ridge of mountai.is, a
continuation of that which extends
from the Mahaniuldy to the Godavcry
river, and fhuts up the Circars toward
the continent.

Chilian, the capital of an inland pro-
vince of tt>e fame name, in Chili. The
whole diftri^t is a plain, favorable to the
raifirg offheep, whole wool is highly
efteemed ; grain and fruit are alfo pro-
duced in abundance. The city was
deftroyed by an earthquake in 1751,
and the next year transferred to a more
convenient fite. It !a well peopled,
and (lands on the river Chilian, 80 m
»» Conception. Lon. 71 5 w, lat.

Vhilleirott a town of Portugal, in
Eifaram«idura, 13 m nw Lifbon.

ChillitotAe, the capital of the ftate of
Ohio, though at prelcnt a ImaH place.
It Itands on the right bank of the Scioto,
130 m NE Frankfort, and 180 sw
Pittlburg. Lon. 83 8 vv, lat. 39 14 n.

ChilloH, a town of Swiflerland, in the
canton of Berne, near the lake of Ge-
neva. On a rock in the lake is an an-
cient callle, which has lately been ufed
as a ftate prifon. It is 5 m ese Vcvay.

Chilocf an ifland at the s extremity of
Chili, 140 m long and 30 broad. It
produces all necefl'ary refrefhments and
provifions, except wine ; alfb much
ambergrile and honey. AlFes die in a
(hort time after they a^e brought hither,
that there is not a mule to be found.
The animals in greateft abundance arc
(heep and hogs> in which the inhabitants

cm

carry on a great trade ; ilomcftic fow!*»
ai well art wild, are alio pr(>i!ticed in
great numberu. The only port ih Chacao,
iiiid th(^ principal town iti Cadro.

t'hi/paii/ifif{o, a town of New Spain, in
the province of Mexico, fcated in a fer«
tile country, 5s "' **^*- Acapnico.

i'hiltfrn, a chain of chalky hills in
England, pafling from li to w through
the middle of Buckinfjhamlhire, and
coven «l, in various parts, with woods.
This diltiiet b. longs to the crown, and
for time inimenioiial ha» had the no-
minal ofTicc of Steward of the Chilterii
Hundreds, by the acceptance of which
a commoner vacates his feat in parlia-
ment.

('himay, a town of France, in thr^e-
partmeiit of Nord. Near it are mines
of iron, with fonndories and forges. It
is ((.Mted on the Blanche, ao m enc
Cambrjy.

C/iimborazo, a mountain of the king-
dom of Quito, the loflielt of the Andes
and in the known world. It is continu-
ally covered with iiiow, and the top
terminates in a truncated cone. Many
rivers ilFue from this mountain, and the
wirm llreams that flow from its n fide
-..arrant the idea of a volcano within.
In 1 797 it was vifitv'd by Humboldt, who
with his party afcendcd the £ fide till
they were ftoppcd by a chafm 500 feet
wide. Here they planted their inftru-
mentson a narrow ledge of porphyritic
rock, which projected from a vaft field
of unfathomcd liiow. The air was re-
duced to half its nfual denfity, and in-
tenfely cold ; refpiration was difficult,
and blood ooztd from their eyes, lips,
and gums. They flood on the higheft
fpot ever trod by man, which was aiicer-
tained from barometrical obfervationa
to be 19,300 feet above the level of the
fea. From this extreme ftation, the top
of Chimborazo was found, by trigo-
nometrical meafurcmcnt, to be 2140
feet higher, which makes its whole
height to be 21,440 feet.

Chlmeray a town of European Tur-
key, in Albania, with a fort, feated on
a rock, at the entrance of the gulf of
Venice, 44 ms Velona.

China, an extenfive country in Afia,
between 98 and 123 e lon. and ax and
42 N lat. It is 1330 m from n to s,
and 1030 from e to w ; bouni*ed on,
the E by the Yellow and the China fea,
s by the latter fea and the kingdoms of
Tonquin, Lao, and Birmah, w by Ti-
bet, and N by Tartary, from wliich it i»
feparatcd by a great wall. Ths ftu-
pendouB wall exceeds every thing of
human art and induitry that is read of

<

<M

f '. t if

m

'■ »; . »i
''.,:■ lie I J

1 ' J^i::'!i'

t; i

• ' i,t,

iir'

' , 1 ■'
- it

■ .1',

m

i :|

,1 v

:-li

■*' !' S*J|

1 K i '■ -Rkcm

ill

iji;:,;|a

ill

%

•(',1; :' '"1

''' " "' \hi

I'l-.i

m hiHory ; and ii (nld to have bf mi liiiilt
about thf yc.ir 1160, lc» prevrnt the
frcqiirnt incurlioni ot Ihr Mon|{uli. It
extendi alnnff a hillv iiirtjce ijootnin
length ; the breadth, in many parts,
iH upwiird of I j feet at the tup ( and
it is flanked with towers at the didancv
of ioo feet : the materials of which the
whole is compofcd tin: In tlofr and folid,
that it is yet alinolt entire. China is
divided into 15 provinces, which are
Petchc-U, Kiang-nan, Ki mg-fi, Fo-kieiii
Tche-kiang, Hoii-qiiang, I lo-ii;m, Chan-
tong,( hin.n.CIhfn-fiiSe-tchui'n.^iiiang-
toiig, Qiiang-fl, Yun-nan, .ind Koei-
tfheou. Thefc provinces contain 4402
walled cities, divided into two clafTes,
the civii claii containing 3045, and the
military aj57. The civil ciafs is again
divided into three other claflcB ; the
firft are called yiM, the licond telieou,
and the third jNn. According to the
l^tcment of the population of China,
delivered to lord Macartnty, in 179.3,
by n Chinefe mandarin, the number of
inhabitants wasnotlcfsthan 333,000,000}
but from the calculations in ?a'u-
hofT's travels the population is about
a3o,oco,ooo. The climate and foil arc
various, as the different provinces are
nearer to, or remote from, the s ; fcvere
cold being felt at Peking, while the
Ibuthern provinces are expofed to ex-
ceflive heat. Here are feveral large
lakes; the principal of them are the
Po-yang, in Kiang-fi, 3^0 m in cir-
cumference ; the Tong-ting, In Hou-
quang, above 2*0 m in circumference ;
the Tai, part of which extends into
Kiang-nan ; the Hong-tfe, and the
Kao-yeou, in the province of Kiang-
nan. The chief rivers a^e the Kian-ku
and the Hoan-ho ; befide which there
<ixz an infinitude of great and fmall rivers,
at^d fine can;tls, one of which, called
the Grand Canal, lurpafTes any thing
of the kind in the world. By thir canal,
."nd fome rivers, there is a communica-
tion by water between Peking and Can-
ton, the two extremes of the empire,
except the interruption of a day's
journey, by a mountain in the province
of Kiang-fi. This inland navigation,
upward of 1400 m, is effedtcd from
Peking by pafling down the Pei-ho to
the influx of the Eu ho, then up that
river to the entrance of the Grand canal,
and along that canal to the Kian-ku :
then up that river into the Po-yang lake,
and thence up the river that runs
through Kiang fi ; then over the moun-
tain before mentioned, and down the
river of Canton. The manufa^ures of
China embrace almuft every article

c n 1

of induflry ; but the moft note<l arc

f»()rcrlain, filk, .'otton, and paper. The
iiti-rnal coinmerce of the country ii
immenle, but the t-xtcrnnl trade U un-
important ; the rhiff export is that of
tea, which is fent to England. In (i*.
vcral of the provinces, the land yields
two crops a year ; y»*t though the huf-
handman cidtivatfs it with luch care as
not to lofe the fmallell port ion of ground,
the country h.is been often dcfbuted by
famine. One great eaufe of thefcarcity
of grain is the prodigious conliimption
occaliontd by ih«- compoiition of wines,
and of a fpirituous liquor called rack.
The numerous mountains of China
(which are chirfly in the n and w parts)
contain mines of iron, tutena^, copper,
qiiicklilver, golii, and filver : but tfiofe
of gold and nlver are little worked, ihat
the ppopi ? may attend to the more ufcful
labours of agricuiture. Quarries of
marble, coal, lapis lazuli, jafper, rock
crydals, granite, and a kind ot fcnorotis
floncs of which muOcal inilruments are
compofi'd, are abundant ; and here ii
potters earth of fuch varioui* and fupe-
rior kinder, that the fine porcehiin nf
China is unrivalled. Befide the fruits
peculiar to the country, it produces the
greater part of thofe of Em'ope; but
(except the grapes and pomegrunatei)
they arc much inferior. Oranges were
firft brought us from China. Here are
alfo lemons, citrons, the ife-tfe, n kind
of fig peculiar to China; the li-tchi, of
the lize of a date, its flone covered with
a foft juicy pulp, of nn exquiHte tafte,
but dangerous when eaten to cxcefs;
the long-yen, or dragonfeye, its pulp
white, tart, and juicy, not fo agreeable
to the tafle, but more wholefnme than
the li-tchi. The Chincfc excel in the
art of managing kitchengardens, and
have a number of vegetables unknown
to us. They cultivate even the bottom
of their waters ; the beds of their lakes,
p:>nds, and rivulets, producing crops
unknown to us, particularly the pitfi,
or water cheftnut, the fruit of which
(found in a cover formed by its root) is
exceedingly wholefome, and of a very
delicate tafle. Among the trees peculiar
to China is the tallow-tree, the fruit of
which is white, of the fize of a fmall
walnut, and the pulp has the properties
of tallow; the wax tree, producing a
kind of white wax, almoft equal to that
made by bees ; the tfi-chu, or varnifn
tree, which produces the admirable
Chinefe varnilh ; the ti-Iy-mou, or iron
wood, the wood of which is fo nard and
heavy, that it links in water, and the an-
chors of tl:e Chinefe fhips are made of

cm

'm the cnmphire-tr«c ( the bamboo
icetli* which gruw to the height and
file of A large tree, and befuic being
ufcd ni natural pipei tn convL-y water,
jrf •■mployed for numberlefi other pur-
pofckj the tea-plant, N:c. with toiton,
Ixtfl.and lobacco. 'I'he flowering (hriib'<,
AowrrKi h«'rhs, und medicinal plant*,
are too numerous to Ix; rrcitrd. In
the mountains and fort-ftrt are wild ani-
milii of every liucirs \ hut that valuahle
quadiupfJ, the mulkdccr, i* peculiar
tu this country. Ofitsbitdn, the moll
iK.mtiful in China, nnd perhaps, in the
wurlJ, i« ihi* kili-lii, or golden fowl.
llie compli'xioii of the C/'hinoff is a
iirt (if tawny, and they have large forc-
Uiii, fmall eyes, (hot t nofi'S, large ears,
jiing hcaidn, and black hair ; and thole
arc thouglit to be the mofl handfjme
vhoaro the moft bulky. The women
ill;t!l a gnat deal of iuodefty, and arc
rciiWrkohle for their little ii-v*. The
men endeavour to make a pompoM"
appearance when they go abroad } and
Kt their houfes are mean and low, con*
filing only of a ground floor. Their
towns arc lb mui;h alike, that tho.";* who
know one are acquainted with all.
karning, with the arts and fciences in
peralfis much cultivated in this coun-
try. Their /riling is very particular ;
for every letter is a word, and confe-
quentiy they have as many letters, or
charadters, as worda in their language.
Their ritligion is paganifm. They allow
polygamy, and k:ep their wives pretty
dole. Burials arc not permitted in ciiiea
or towns, and their fepulchres are com-
monly on barren hills and mountains.
They pretend to have a great /eneration
for their anccftorsj .and fome " eep
images of them in thrir houfes, to which
ihey pay a fort < f adoration. They
have laws which regulate the civilities
and ceremonious falutations they pay
to each other, for which reafun they
alwiiys appear to be extremely good-
natured i and yet they are as deceitful
asanypcople in the world. The govern-
ment is ablblute, and the emperor has
the privilege of naming his fuccelTor ,
but the chief mandarin has pcrmi.Tion
to tell him of his faults. He looks upon
his fubje^s as his children, and pro«
fcfles to govern them with paternal af-
feflion. The Chinefe empire is very
ancient; they pretend that it cxidcd
many thouland years before Noah'g
flood, but it is generally allowed to have
commenced 2500 yi.-ars before the biith
ofChrift. It now includes Tibet, the
jrcateft part of Tartavy, Corea, and
lumerous iflands on the a and e coafti

cm

of China, the principal of which are
Lieu-kieu, Formofi, und Hainan. The
annual revcnui-s of the crown, accord-
ing to Hr George StiunioM, are liiid to
be 66,ooo,oool. (lerling ; and the army
in the pay of ('hina, including Tartars,
amount to 1,030,000 infantry, aiid
600,000 civalry. I'cking is the capital.

i'hinca, a fe^port of Peru, feated on
a river, in a valley ot its name, 90 m i
Lima. I. on. 76 ij w,l:it. \^ ip s.

('f)i»c/ii//a, a town of Spam, in Mur-
cia, featrd on an eminence, ^^7 m w
Alman/a, and (>7 nnw Murcii.

Chinrlii ; lee Quin-nonif-

('hinoti, a town ot France, in the de-
partment of Indre and Loire, with «.
itrong ciiUe, in which Henry 11 of
England expired. Chinon it the birth-
place of Kabelais and of Quillet. It is
leated on the Vienne, i8 m wsw Tours.

Chinrayapatanat i town of Hindoo-
ftan, i. Myfoi >, with a fort well built 'if
ftone, ^f m N by w Seringapatnm.

Chinfuta, a town of Ilindooftan, In
Bengal, with a fortrefs ; feated on tht
Hoogly, 17 m N Calcutta.

Chinj, a town of the Netherlands,
in Luxemburg, on the river Semoy, 40
m w by M Luxemburg.

Chio ; fee Scio.

Chiourlic, a town of European Tur-
key, in Romania, the fee o^ a Greek
biltinp, re..tcd on a river of the fume
name, 47 m wnw Conftantinopte.

Chiazzo, a town and ifland of Italy,
in the gulf of Venice. Much fait is
made here The town is built on piles,
and has a harbour, defended by a for%
i8 m s Venice.

Chlpiona, a town of Spain, in Anda-
lufia, (ituate on a rock near the fca, $
m wsw St. Lucar doBarameda-

Chippenham^ a borough in Wiltshire,
with a maiket on Saturday, and a ma-
nufacture of fine woollen cloth ; feat-
ed on the Avon, over which is a bridge,
ai m E Briftol,and 93 w London.

t'hirequi, a town o* New Spain, in
Veragna, on a river of the fame name,
12 m .M of it? month, in the Pacific
ocean, and iso w St. Jago. Lon. 83 s8
w, lat. 8 30 N.

Chirk, a village of Wales, in Den-
bighlhire, on the top of a hill, near
Wrexham. It had formerly two cafllcs,
one of which Is a cuniplete ruin, and
the other, from its walls and tow^rs,
fecms to have been a magnificent ftruc-
ture.

Chi/me, a feaport of Afiatic Turkey,
in Natolia, on the ft >tit that parts the
continent from the idc of ^cio It was
anciently called Cyfuis, was celebrated

>*v.

V, i.

t ..' ! i

CHO

for thr grot * iAtory which thff Romani

flilned lirri* nver (hr fleet of Antiuchutp
n lot 0('; aiicl h«> bcrn tiiltiiiguiOicd
l>7 ihtf tleftriietion of the Turkilh fleet
by the Kudiaiin in 1770. It ia 40 ir w
Smyrna. Lun. 26 16 K,lat 3814 N.

Cfti/wiii, a vilhifff '" MittOlef**!! on
thr rlvrr Th.imeii |j m w by • London.
Hrrc ia a celRb'itru villa of the duke of
Dcvoulhire ; and in the churchyiitd it
a monument to Hug.irth.

Cfiit^our, n town of IlindooAan, in
Gu/erat, celebrated for itittnanufa^ure
of chintzcRt 60 m n n r Amcdabad.

C'/iitre, a town of European Turkey,
In Macedonia, on the bay of Salonichi.
Here th*> mother, wife, and Ton of Alex-
andiT wcrn murdered by Caflander. It
ia .)6 m s>c lidc-na.

Chitltldroojf, ur Chatraiai, a ftrong
fort and town of Hindooilan, capital of
the NK di(lri(!t of Myfore. 'I'lie plain
of Chitteldroog ia 10 m long and 4
broad, furrounded by rocky hilUt on
one of which Itanda the fort. The town
formerly occupied a great portion of
the plain, and ia ftill a confidcrablc
place, but now confined entirely within
the walls which are near the foot of
the rock. Hydcr, who obtained pof-
fcnion of thia pl.ice by treachery,
ftrengthenedthc walls; and other worka
have bt>i-n fince added ua to render it
totally impregnable againft any neigh-
bouring power. Since the fiual deteat
of Tippoo, in 1799* it belonga to the
rajati of Myfore ; and the Knglifh keep
a garrifon here. It is 48 m nw Sera,
and 117 N by w Seringapatum* Lon.
76 26 B, lat. 146 N.

Cliittlgong, a province of Alia, lying
bt?tweeii the bay wf Bengal ^nd Aracan.
It waH conquered from Aracan by Au-
runs/cbe, in 1666, and now belongs to
theKnglilli £ India Company. lUama-
bad is the chief town.

Chittoor, a town of Hindooftan, in
the Carnatic, 28 m n w Arcot, and 70 w
Madras.

Chi'vast or C/iivazzo, a fortified town
of Piedmont, oti the river Po, 1% m
KNE Turin,

Chiufa, a ftrong town of Italy, in
Veronefe, on the river Adige, ia a nar-
row pafs, 14 m NNW Verona.

Chiuji, a town of Tufcany, in Sicn-
nefe, on the river Chiano, 33 m 3£
Sienna.

C/imiel/iii, a town of Poland, in Po-
doliu, on an ifland formed by the river
Bo)ir, 80 m NE Kaminieck. Lon. 27 50
Ci lat. 49 44 N.

Chobar't fee Churbar.

CAtcxim, a town of European Tur«

CHO

key, in Moldavia, furround«d by w«l||.
It waa taken hv the Kufllansand Auf!
trlana in 1711, out reftored at ihv (ui^.
fequeat peace. It ia frated on thf
Dnielter, iiom nmw JaflTf. Lon. j^
35 w, lat. 48 46 M.

ChufttJ, a town of Prance, in th^
department of Upper Mame, la m ni
Langrea.

ChoUet, a town of FrAnc«, in thr d?.
partmeat of Mayeonr and Loire, witk
acaftie, a7m atw Anuera.

Cfiolm, a town of Kufiia, in the go.
Ternment of Ptkov, on the river Lo»«,
180 m a Petersburg. Lon. ji 14 ifUt.

CfioHadt an epifcopal town of Hun.
Riry, feated on the Maroaf 15 m 1
Segedin.

C'/ro/ti/tf, a town of New Spain, in
TIafcala. In th« time of Cortez it wai
a large city, famed for ita jewellers and
potters, and the multitude of ita tern.
plea. Ilcrc ia a great pyramid, the fidci
of whofe bafe are 1423 feet each, ani
exactly in thediredionof themeridiani
and parallcla ; it conflfta of four Aagei,
and Ita prrfent perpendicular elevatioa
is only 177 feet ; the platform has a fur.
face of 4j,io8 i<]uare feet, and in the
midft is a church, I'urroundcd with cy.
prefs, in which mafa is faid every morn'
mg by an Indian prielt, whofe nabituil
abode iathefummitof thia extraordinary
monument : from a perforation made
in the n fide, ita exterior appears to be
conftru^ted of alternate ftrata of brick
and clay. The length of ita bafe far
exceeds that of all the edificea of the
kind yet found, and ia almoft the double
of the greateft pyramid in Egypt.
Cholula contains 16,000 inhabitants,
and is feated amid beautiful plantatiuni
of agave, 17 m w Puebla de los An*
geles.

C/iora/an, or Korafan, a province of
Perfia, bounded on the n by C'haralin
and the country of the Ufbec Tartars,
E by Bukharia and Balk, s by Segeftan
and Kerm:in, and w by Irak, Mczan-
dcran, and the C'afpian lea. It is about
450 m in length and 420 in breadth.
Thia extenlive territory is little known
tothe Europeans i but it ia reprcfentedto
be a level country, interfedled with
fandy deferta and irregular ridges of
mountains; and the foil, in general,
excellent, producing wine, fruit, corn,
rice, and filk, in the greateft abundance
and of the beft quality. The king of
Perlia'a authority extends only over the
cities of Melched, Nifapour,: Terlliiz,
and Tabas, with their dependencies.
The SB parta, including the city of

\nAf>i\ hy w«IU,
nUni and Auf-
red ut ihf (iitt.
('rated on ihf
aflff. Lon. \t

'raacei in th^
arnci it m ni

mcc, in thf dt-

nd Loire, with

ra.

ifiia, in the ro.

Jie river Lout,

«n. 31 i4>ilat

town of Hun*
i«rot| a j m I

New Spain, in
uf Cortex it wai
ita jeweller! iind
tuue of it! tcm<
^ramidi thefidei
) feet each, anj
of the meridiani
ta of four ftagei,
dicular elvTatioi
atform has a fuN
feet, and in the
ounded with cy-
faid every morn'
, vvhofe nabitual
hia extraordinary
erfuratiun made
|ior appeari to be
le ftrala of brick
h of its bafe far
edifices of the
Imoft the double
mid in Egypt.
000 inhabitants,
tiful plantationi
ebia de los An-

\n, a province of
lie N by C^haralm
Ufbec Tartars,
Ilk, 8 by Scgcftan
Iby I rale, Nlczan-

iea. It is about
J 420 in breadth.
|y is little known
It is reprefentedto
linterfeiJted with

egular ridges of
|foil, in general,

/ine, fruit, corn,

hateft abundance
The king of

ids only over the

Ifapour, Terilnz.

tir dependencies.

ling the city of

run

jf.r.it. are pofTcllid hy the AfKhan«,
jul ihnlV on III** » and w hy thr lMb<r
Tirtiri and Turcuinani. I'lic capital it
MjCJikI.

t'fiorjffi, ^ town of France, in thf ilf-

putmf-nt of Upper Alp«, 10 m a (J.tp.

Chorlty, a town in L.iiicalhire, with

I market on Tiicfiliiy, and conrHlrr.iblf

ntnitfaiflures of cotton. In the nei((h-

iKiurliood ore (piirrirs of nihler, (tapt,

jnd milldone 1 and mine* of coal, lead,

tiiJ alum. The number of inhabitant!

tit 43 1 6 in 1801, and 51H) in iHcr

li it feutrd near the Liverpool and

LcfJi and tht? Laiicaftcr can.ilH, 6 m

111 Frcfton, and 108 nw London.

Chotxin, the chief town of the Rnf-

lin part of Moldavia, ao m sw Ka-

umieck, and 100 nnw JalFy. Lon.

itiS c.lat. 4f> 46 N.

( Wr. a town of Hindooflin, on the

lit of Concan, v ith a harbour for

all velT.ls which is fortificJ. It be-

gito Portugal, and is 34 m s Bom-

y'

t'u'ijlburff, a town of W Pruflia,

ithac.iflle on a hill, fitu.itc on the

irff, r5 m »K M.iticnbnrg.

ikrijhhui(/i, a borougli in Il.implhirc,

mrned by a mayor, with a market on

(fflday, and a confiderable tradf in

lit fiik ftockings and watch-llrings.

lertare the remains uf a cafllc and a

1107 i and the church is a large and

iKrclting ilrudkurc. It it fcated on the

iTun, oppoflte the influx of the Stour,

m s Salifbury, and 100 sw London.

(mjHarta, a town of Delaware, in

bcilllc county. It (lands on a na<

ible cretk of its name, and ii the

jitft carrying place between the na-

ble waters of the Delaware and

icfjpeak, which arc here only 13 m

ader. It ia 4 m sw Newcaftlc

hrijiianat St. the principal ifland of

Marquefas. See Marqiujas*

^Mjiianburg, a town or Virginia,

' of Montgomery county. It is

iteon the w Ode of the Allegany

intains, near a branch of the Kan-

y, 170 m wsw Richmond. Lon.

|0W, lat. 375 K.

Mjiianburg, a fort of Guinea, on

Oold coall, fubjeA to the Danes.

'55 E. lat. 4 10 N.

nftianftld, a town of Denmark,

fi duchy of SIcfwick, built by a

y of Moravians, under the protec-

of Chriftian vii. All articles

ifaflured here areof excel lent qua-

It is 8 m N Haderncben.

rijliartia, the" capital of Norway,

11 epifcopal fee, in the government

CIIR

nf Aitgcrhuysi Atnate at th<> extrrmiif
of» fvrtite vjllry, i'lirming .1 I'l'micircuUr
brnd along Ihr (1ii>reof ihfb.iy of Iliiir*
ning, which formi the n rxtrrmily of
thi? gulf of Chriiliani.i. It ii divided
into the city, the fubnrim of \Vat<;r«
landt, IVterwigcn, and Fierdtn^cn. th«
fo'ireftof Aggrrhuys, and th«' old town
of Opfloe. The rity wa« rebuilt in its
prrffnt ntnatlon by ChrlRi.m tv,a('fir
a plan dcfignrd hy inmfVIt f he lioiili-a
ure built ol' Aonr ; and thir (\rccts are
cirried at right angles to e.ich other,
and uniformly 40 feet broad |r covers
M conndrrnblf extent ot ground, bi.t hat
not more than 10,000 inh.ibilants. The
cadle of Aggrrhtiys it built on a rocky
eminence on the w iide of thi* bay, .tt a
fmull diftance from the city Opllot^
was the fite of tin* old city, burnt in
i6aA : it contains the epifcopal palace,
('hriftiania hat an excellent harbour, and
itt princip;d exports are de.ilt, tar, foap,
iron, copper, and alum It is v'^ ni
from the open fca, and ai)o n liy w
Copenhagen. Lon. 1045 k, lat. 59 <<>«.

i!hrijfiana(>Ut a ftrong feaport of
Sweden, in filckingrn. icatcd on the
lialtic, ij m NK C'arlfcrona. Lon. 15
47 R, Int. *,b 30 K.

i^lirijllanf'tndt a ftaport of Norway,
in the government of Bergen, and ca-
pital of a provinc<* of the fame name,
which is famous for iron mine?. The
harbour is fp.U'iouM, and many (hips are
built here. It is feated at the mouth
of the TorrifdaU, oppofite the ifle
of FIcckeren, loj m UK Stavanger, and
150 ssw Ckrilliania. Lon. 8 17 b, lat.

ChrijUanfladt a fortified town of Swe-
den, in Schonen, built by Chriftian iv
of Denmark, when the country was in
tbepowerofth.it crown. The chief
trade is in alum, pitch, and tnr ; and it
has manufaAures of gloves, cloth, and
Tilken (lufTa. The town is feated in
a marlhy plain, on the river Helgea,
which is navigable only for ftnall craft,
44 m NE Lund. Lon. 14 lo £, lat. 56

Chripanfuni, a town of Norway, in
the ifland of FofTcn, with a commodious
harbour and wharf. The chief trade ia
in timber. It is 36 m nw Drontheim.

Chrijline/iamt a town of Sweden, in
Wermeland, at the ne end of the lake
Wenner, ao m ese Carlltad.

Chriftinejiad, a feaport of Sweden,
in £ Bothnia, at the mouth of a river,
on the gulf of Bothnia, 155 m n i)y W
Abo. Lon. at a8 e, lat. 62 40 n*

Cfirifimas JjJand, an ifland in the Pa-

'm.

Sfkv'j'. f**!

If

r.

If; I'' I

S,,y^,);lli,!''

V ' ft

m

m:m-^:

I

li

n^ ■■-

,' r .:

'^k hi

H , a

; / f nil

CHIJ

Unilrd lirrr on Chriftni.i»-<l4y 1777-
It in 4^ m in circiimfrrrncr, un*nh4t>it-
cd, and lirOitutr of frrfli wjirr \ but
ha* 4biMutiincc of flnr turtle. Lon. 137

JO w. Int. I f Q N.

Vhrijimai Stun^l, n h.iy on the i
coAll of Terra drl Fiirvo, To namrd
byCuoli, M'hnherrpAn'r<tl'hriAm.t:i-<l'ty
t7?4. Thf country !• barren, and thr
riYrdhmfnii to He got ar«; chiefly wild
fowl- Lon. 70 .t w, lat. 55 a: k.

Lhrijlo^ht Jt Lmguiia, St th<* ca-
pital of ihc id.ind u( TcnrrifT. Hrri*
thccniirli of jiiflicr nrc hrld, and th»«

fiovernor luit a palace, but hr common*
y rciUtci at 8t- t'ru/. It nAn«i« on :iii
eminence, in an rxtenflve fertile plain,
and hai fcvcrni fountain* fupolicd with
water from thr niighbuuriiiK lu-ighti by
tin a<|U)-du^t. The lake from which it
hat been fuppolid to take iti name !•
now a vrry incoiilidcrabic piece of water.
Lon. 16 18 w, lat. aH 19 N.

(.'/iri/h/i/ier, St- or St. Kittj, one of
the LcewMfd iflandrf, in thf W Indiri,
60 m w Antif^ua. It wan f«)rmerly
iiiliahiti-d by the French and En^lilh ;
but, in 1 7 1 1, it wai ceded to ihe latter.
It in t|; m long and 4 broad, with
hi^h mountaini in thu midJIf, whence
rivuletHflow. Dctvvecn the mountains
are dreadful rocks, horrid precipicei,
and thick woodi; and in the tw parti
hot fulphtirou!! I'prings at the foot of
them. The produce it chiefly i'ugar,
cotton, ghi;;cr, indigo, and the tropical
fruits. It W.1A taket) by the French in
17Hz, but nllored the next year. hiC-
fcti-rre is the capital,

C/inuliw, u town of Bohemij, capital
of a circle of the fame name, which it
remarkable for a great number of fifti-
punds, and nn excHlfnt breed of horfci*.
It (landH on the river Chrudimka, 46
ni V.SK. Pi-aguc- Lot). 15 4a e, lat. 49
53 ".

Chuctiito, a town of Peru, in the dio-
cefe of I'a/. on the w fide of Lake Ti-
ticaca, called alio tlieLakeof Chucuito,
150 m Nw I'az. Lon. 70 a6 w, lat- i(
ao 9.

ChudUif^h, a town in Dcvonfliire, with
a market «hi Saturdiy. Thi* neighbour-
hood is famous for cider, and for a ftu-
pcddnus rock of bhiifh limenone, called
Chudicigh marble, in which is a large
cavern- This town was almoil entire-
ly dellroyed by fur in 1807. It is fcated
near the T^ign, 9 m sw Exeter, and 185
w by 3 London.

(f/tugan/l'riai, a town of Hindooftan,
in the province uf Cabuh on a livtr of

ill!

CIA

llie f!ime name, lo m 1 ('Abul. L
70 « K, lat. u 51 «.

i'hki9t/ii/a, a provlnc«> of Sitxru
and thr nu>(i rancily of the domitiiim
of Ku III a It rxtrndi from 1 ^^ to
k Ion. anil from 4.1 to 7 ^ n lat

('humlti](ht a town In Divorii!.
with a market on Thurfday, icatrd
the river Taw, 11 m Nw Kacicr, .
194 w by a Londnn.

C/tunur, a fortrcfi of IllndnoO.tn,
Allahabad, built on a rock, fortifici 1
round by a wall and lower*. |t \
iinl'ucccfsfully attempted by tlic Fri;
ill i7^>4| but in 177a it w.it ccJh
th«m by thr nabtdi of Oude. |(
(rated on the tiitht bank of the (}an,(c
ij m » Henarei, and 140 w hy
Paina. Lon. Mi to K, lat. aj 10 v.

Chunaub, a river of Ada, the clii
the itve rnltern branchci of the Indu
It rife* in thr Tibcti.ii) mountaiim, m
througli CaOimrrc uiid Lahore, mid joi
the Indui io m below Moultan. Ti
river is the Acrline* of Alrxamlrr.

VhuH-te, a city of China, in I'.-tchi
li, with nine cities of the third n
under its jurifdt^lion. It it :co
NNW Peking. Lon. 114 ao a, Ut.

5 »*•

Chup.'dh, a town of IIind(p(l;in,
Bahar, on the left bank of the Gangi
aK m WNW Patna-

Vhuprah, a town of Hindoolljn,
Candcilh, on the river Goul, io m
Burhampour.

Cliuquifnca \ fee Plata*

C/iuri fee i'oire.

C/iuriar, or (Jhobar, a fr-aport
Pcrlia, in Mekran, with a mud ff
It Hands on the v. flde of a bay ot
name, Uo m siw Kidge. Lon. 60 :
lat. a5 10 K.

Church Stretton, a town in Sliropllii
with a market on Thurfday, 14
Shrewfbury, and 158 wnw London,

Chum, a river that rifcs in Cloui
terftiire, near the village of Cobbtrl
4 m $ Cheltenham, from a
whence ifTues fcven fprings, in Ihf c
pafa of thirty feet, called iieven W
and Thames Head. It Viom s
Cirenceftcr into Wiltlhirc, and
meets the Ifis from the w, a m.i1
Cricklade, where their united An
forms the river Thames.

Chu/an, an ifland on the z coa
China, with a town called Tinf-hai.
a much frequented harbour. Lon
o E, lat. 30 o N.

Chujljian ; fee KuJiJIan.

Ciampa, or Tjlampa, a coiintr
Afiai bouod«4 en the » by C

Z

It) w

CV«,

ty> a towi^

inc<* "f Siti(ri.ti
i( the iluminionl
from nftto I ij
^ ^ N Ui

in Dcvonllurf
irftUy. teainlc
xw Luicr, 4:

)r Uin(lnoft4n,|
rock, fortifioUJ
tiiwcr*. Ii vi
i«-a l»y t»>c F.ii;

it WiU CCilfl 'I

of Omlc. li
nk of the ll»n<J
ami 140 ^ *'y|
f,, l.»t. »5 10"
I' AHa, »h«clio

che* i)f t^< '"'H
I) mountiiiiii.tuj

i\I,ahon',iiinlM
w NiouUan. T'uj
„f Alrx.«mlcr.
t'hina, in l'>'>lij
,)f the third id
on. It i» :«
I. 114 10 «i Ul.

I of HinJo"'^'".!
lank of the CanJ

rt of llinJ""'^*"'
iver Goul» 60 m|

Plata.

ubar, a f«PO'«J
wiih a muJ t1

I'jdr of A bay "f|

jge. Lon- 60

towninShropftiJ
. Thurfday. 14
eB wNW London. J
hat rifc» in ClouJ
iUage of Cobberl

iham, ffO"".*i
fpring9.»"%1
callea iJevenNN^

ad. It flo«*;]

Wilti>i»f«» and 11
)mthew,»J««
their united ftr^
lamcs.
•nd on the t CO '
,n called Tinfb»
:d harbour. Lon.

KuJiflaH.

on tbc « by C

coiintri

CM N

china. «R by the China fci, w and nvf
by CiimlKKli.1 ( from whicli \»h it la
fcparated by mount4in«, inh.ibiti>d liy a
ft«iiye pcu|»lf. The furf^cc i« ntorr
rtcvAtnl that (ambottitf, but not fu fcr-
Ilk t havInK trni\t of fjnit interreiflrtl
with rockit The priMliKMiona are c<)t<
ton. ind)K<>i '"d iilk | and thr inhabit*
anti .iirmui'h rmptoyrd In ftOilnv. It
li %uh\ci\ to Cochinchiua. Fcneri U the
capital.

('itacott, a town of llindoonan, ca«
pital of onr of ihi< Engiilh circ.ui. It
11 fio'm NK H.ijamun«lry, aud \oH
f.MR Hydrulud. Lon. 84 8 K, bt. i*
16 N.

Cielut, a frnniier town of Dalmatia,
on a rockv hill on the w bmk of the
Narenta. It wai Cikeii from thr Turki,
by the Vcn<'lian«, In 1694, and U ft m
iw Narrnta. Lon- iH at R, lat. 43

S4M.

Ci7//y, n town of G«Tm.iny, in Sii-
riai capi(.il of a circle of th«' (iime name.
It hai a conliderahle tradi* in mi'rchan-
(life going to and from Vienna and
Trielt ; and in feated on the Sun, where
it recrivei' the Koding and becomes
navigable. jB m ■ by w Oratz. Lun.

15 19 R, Itlt. 44 21 N.

Cimbnjham% a town of Sweden, In
8chonen,rcated on the Baltic, 36 m csr
Lund.

Qnaloa, a province of New Spain,
in the audience of Guadalax.ira ; bound-
ed on the N by Sonora. v. by New Hif-
cay. 1 by Culiacan, and w by the gnlf
of California, t producei abundance
of maize, legumes, fruits, and cotton,
and abounda in rich mines.

Cinalou, a town of New Spalui capi-
tal of the province of its name. The
inhabitants are ellimated at 9J00. It
ftands on the river (inaloa, 35 m from
iti mouth in the gulf of California, and
100 Nw Culiacan. Lon. ic6 38 w, lat.

tintinnati, a town of the (late of
Ohio, capital of Hamilton county. It
ftands on the river Ohio; and a m
'bove, oppoftte the influx of Licking
river, is Fort Wofhington. Cincinnati
has two edifices for public worfhip,
and i» the emporium of^the trade of the
ftatp. In the vicinity many relics of
great antiquity have been found. It is
!jm NNK Frankfort, and i^)o w by s
Marietta. Lon. 84 1 1 w, lat. 38 42 ^f.

Cinefi, a town of Sicily, in Val di
Maz^tra, in the neighbourhood of which
excellent manna is collefted. It is ao
n w Pa'ermo.

Cinejf, a town of tbc^ctherlands, in

CIR

th<* ttrritorv of Llcgr, 17 m st N«muf»
and .)7 iw Llrge.

<.V«fM# Mtin, a ihwn of France, In
the drpartment of Indrc *n4 Loire» 10
m WW Tours.

C/MMT /'or/i, c<nrtain port* on the
s co4ll of England, oppollte France, (o
called on aeettunt of thrir beitiK five ui
numlier, whm their Aril charter was
granted by Wdlium 1. In 107 ?• 'Fheft
wen. Dover, llallinKi, llithe, Rotntuy,
and Siuulwich \ to which were afterward
added Winchelb'a. Seaford. and Rye.
That king appointed a conllable of Do-
ver caftic (who Is now chilled Lord War-
den of the Cinqur Ports) and invcded
him with thr command of thvle ports,
who(ie inhabitants had cunllderable pri*
vileges and immunities, for which ther
were to liipply the government wiin
57 ihipt, at 40 days notice, and to pay
their crews during ij days- At that
period, the opulent tr.iders of London
were (lyled b;iron» ; a privilege that
was emoyed likewile by the merchant!
of the(e ports, whofc rcpre(i;ntatives,to
this day. arc ftylcd Uarons of the Cinque
Port*.

i'in^iu rUliij, a town of Portugal, in
Beira, 6 m nk Almeida.

Cintra, a town of Portugal, in Edre.
m.idura, fituate between the mountains
of Cintra, on the n Tide of the entrance
of the Tajo. Here was a palace bmlt
by the Moors, which was (feflroyed by
an earth(|U'ike in i6<;5, and rebuilt by
king Jofeph. It is 11 m NW Lifbon.

Ciotalt a feaport of France, in the
department of Mouths of the Rhone,
defended by a (Irong fort. It is famous
for murcadine wine, und feated on the
bay of Laquee, 14 m sK Marfeillcs.
Lon. 5 41 R. lat. 43 la N.

Circatj, five prr)vinces of the Dec-
can uf Hindoodan, on the bay of Ben-
gal. They w<!re originally denominat-
ed Northern from their polition in re-
fpctfl to the Carnatic Of thclc circars,
Guntoor belon^si to t!ie nizam of the
Deccan ; und Condapilly, Llllare, Raja-
mundry, and Citacole, arc in the poflef-
fion of the Eiit^lilh. 'i'he laft four ex-
tend from the n bank of the rivet Kift-
na to the lake Cliilka ; forming a nar-
row flip of country 350 m long, and
from a6to 75; broad, bounded by moun-
tains and extenfivc forefts on the fide
oppofUe the fea. The Englifli circars
had been ceded to the I'lench, by the
nizam of the Deccan, in 1753 ; but
they were conquered by the Engiilh
in 1759.

Circujiaf one of the fcven Caucafian

I \

>?

iU i.

m

CIR

nations, between the Black fo.i and the
Cafpian ; bounded by the government
of Caucafia on the n, and by Georgia
and Mingrelia on the s, being fcparateil
from RijflTu by the river Ctiban. It
contains the dillriv^ ofGroat Kabaidab,
Little Kabardah, Bcllen/rcmirgoi, Aba-
(bch, Dftduch, H;itukai, and Bfliani.
This nation, from their extraordinary
courage and military gcnins, might be
formidable where they united nnder one
chief, but as they fubfift by raTing cat-
tle, aiid arc therefore forced to rcfide on
the banks of rivers, for the fake of w-ter
and pafturage, they become divided
into lepavate and hoftile ^.nbcs. From
this diiunioii the Circafiians of the Cu-
ban poflcfs fo little power a.; to be
fcarcely known even to Ruflfians, but by
the general appellation of Cuban Tar-
tars, in which tiicy are confounded with
the Abkhaa and Nogays, their neigh-
boors. The Ilrtbardian CircaflTians, ceil-
ed Tfcherkedi by the Uuflians, are the
moft powe-ful people of the n fide
of Caucafus ; and this fnperiority has
introduced among their neighboura fuch
a general imitation of their manners.,
that from the defcription of thefean idci
maybe formed of all the reft. They are
divided into three clafFes ; the princes,
the ufdens or nobles, and the vaflals or

?)eafants. A certain number of pea-
ants is allcittcd to each princely family.
In each of thefe, the eldeft individual
is confidered as chief of the family, and
as judge, prote(Jlor, and father of all
the vaflals attached to ic. No prince
can be a landholder; he has no other
property than his arms, horfes, flaves,
and the tribute he can extort from the
neighbouring nations. The perfon of
every prince is facred ; but this is the
only diftindtion of birth when unaccom-
panied by perfonal merit ; the greateft
honour a prince can acquire is that of
being the firft of the nation to charge
the enemy. The princes are not to be
diftii»guiftied in time of peace from the
noble?, or even from the peafants ; their
food and drefs are the fame, and their
houff"? little better. The nobles are
chofen by the princes from the inferior
clafs ; they are the officers of the prince,
and the executors of the laws, and are
employed in the general aflemblies of
the nation to gain the aflent of the peo-
ple to the meafures prnpofcd by the
princes. The vaflals, as well as the
ufderts, arc proprietors of lands. The
Circaflians do not appear to have ever
had any written laws, iji.t are governed
by a kind of common law, or coUeAion

CIR

of ancient ufages. Thry have few fttt«
nufatflures; and their agriculture pro*,
duces barely Aiflicient for their own
fublif^ence. Sheep and horfei are the
principal articles of their comnerce,
particularly the latter, which fell at a
high price ; but the balance of trade
would be confiderably againit them,
were it not for the llaves which they
make in their predatory rxcurfioni. At
the birth of a prince, fome ufden, or
fomc'times the prince of another family
is chofen as his preceptor, to whofecare
he is committed on the third day, and
the father never fees his fon again till his
marriage. ,The fon of an ufden remains
under the parental roof till four years
old, and is then configned to a preceptor,
who need not be of the fame rank, by
whom he is taught to ride, to ufe arms,
and to fteal ; and does not return to his
father's houfe, until his cunning, add pefs,
and ftrcngth, are fuppofed tobeperfeft.
The preceptor is recompenfed by ninc-
tentli i of the booty made by his pupil
while under this tuition. This mode of
education is perfevered in, with a view
to prevent the bad effects of paternal in-
dulgence, and is fuppofed to be peculiar
to the Circaflians ; but the objeft of
education is the fame among all the
mountaineers of Caucafus, whouniver*
fally fubfift by robbery. Girls are
brought up by the mother; they learn
to embroider, to make their own drefp,
and that of their future hufbands. The
daughters of flaves receive the fame
education ; thefe are principally Geor-
gians, and are fold according to their
beauty, from ao to lool. Their raufical
inftruments are a long flute with only
three flops, a fpecies of mandoline, and
a tambour in. Their dances have Ijttlc
gayety orexpreffion ; the fteps diflRcult,
bijit not graceful. The habitation of a
Circaflian is compnfed of tv-o huts;
one allotted to the huiband, . .d to the
reception of ftrangers ; the other to the
wife and family : the court which fe-
paratea them is furroundcd by palifadei.
Their food is fimpIe,confi{tingof a little
meat, fome pafte made of gom or millet,
and a kind of beer, compofed of the
fame grain fermented. Whatever may
have been the original religion of this
people, they have been fuccefiively con-
verted to Chriftianity and Mahomed-
anifm, and have now no religion or
worftiip among thcin. They break,
without fcruple, fuch oaths as they
have taken on the bible and the koran ;
but there are certain forms of oaths,and
certain places in the neighbourhood of

their i
thrift},
fidelity
letters (

icuUute pro-
)T their own
orfet are the
Ir commerce,
hich fell at a
ance of trade
againtt them,
•■ which thpy
•xcnrfioni. At
,me ufden, or
another family
, towhofecare
third day, and
on again till hi»
1 iifden remains
till four years
I to a preceptor,
; fame rank, by
3e, to ufe arms,
)ot return to his
;unnjni!,addjef8,
fedtobeperfed.
ipenfed by nine-
ade by \m pupil
I. This mode of
1 in, with a view
!ls of paternal in-
fed to be peculiar
lUt the objeft of
; among all the
»fus, whounivcr-
-ery. Girls are
ither -, they learn
; their own drcff,
•e huftands. The
receive the fame
principally Gcor-
.ccording to their
,ol. Their mufical
ig flute with only
of mandoline, and
■ dances have little
, the fteps difficult,
ie habitation of a
ed of tv-o huts;
(band, . d to the
; the other to the
e court which fe«
iinded by palirades.
confiitingofahttie
e of gom or millet,
_, compofed of the
1. Whatever may
nal religion of this
enfuccefiivelyccn-
ity and Mahomed-
ow no religion or
m. They break,
uch oaths as they
ibleand thekoran;
.forms of oaths.and
e neighbourhood ot

CIT

their ruins (fuppofed to be remains of
t'hriftian churches) which infure thcir
fidelity. The CircafTians have not any
letters of their own ; tliofe amonp; them
who write their language make ufe
of Arabian charafters.

CJrella, a town of Naple«, in Calabria
Citra, near the fea, la m se Scai.i
Cirencf/Ier, a borough in Gloucefter-
lire, with a market on Monday and
Friday. The ruins of the walls are yet
vifibic * it had alfo a cattle and an
&bbey, and here the Roman roads croflT-
ed each other. It is one of the greateft
marts in England for wool ; and has a
manufadture of curriers knives, highly
valued. It is featcd on the Churm, i8
m SE Gloucefter, and 89 w London.
Lon. I 38 w, Int. 51 43 N.

Cirie, a town or Pitrdmont, fcated on
the Doria, near the foot of the Alps,
8 m NNw Turin.
Cirknitz', fee Cziniitz.
Cifmar, a town of Lower Saxony, in
Holttein, feated near the Baltic, 17 m n
Travemunde. '

GVrazo, a town of Naples, in Calabria
Citra, near the coaft of the Mediter-
ranean fea, 3c m nw Cofenza.

Citta di (Jsjiello, a city of Italy, in
the duchy ot Urbino, with a caftle ;
feated on the Tiber, ^^ m sw Urbino.
Lon. 12 1 8 E, lat. 43 28 n.

Qua Nuovot a town of Italy, in the
marquifate of Ancona, on the gulf of
Venice, 1 0 m s Loretto.

Citta Nuovot a feaport of Illria, and
a bifhop's fee, feated on an ifthmus, at
the mouth of the Queto, which forms
a good harbour, 26 m ssw Capo d'lilria.
L^n. 13 47 B, lat. 45 32 s.

Citta Fecc/iiat a fortified city of Malta,
formerly the capital of the ifland, and
ftill the feat of the bifhopric. The moft
remarkable edifices are the palace of
the grand matter, and the cathedral.
Here are extenfive catacombs, about 1 5
feet below the furface of the rock in
which they are cut ; they contain Itreets
formed with fuch regularity, that the
title of Subterraneous City has been
given to this place. Near the city is
the Grotto of St. Paul, divided into
three parts by iron grates ; in the fur-
thefl part is an altar, and (tatue of the
faint, in white marble. This old city
was confiderably larger than at pfefent ;
for thi? new city, Valetta, being more
conveniently feaied, has drawn away
the greater number of its inhabitants.
It (lands on a hill, in the interior of the
ifland, 6 m w by s Valetta.

Cittadelhi a feaport and the capital
of Minorca, furroynded by walU aud

C IV

b.iftions. It contains about 3000 inha-
bitants, and is the principal rcfidence
of the old nobility of the ifland. The
trade is inconfiderable, but it has a
good harbour at the w end of the
in.and. Lon. 3 34 e, lat- 39 58 n.

Cittade/Iu, a town of Italy, in Pnduan,
on the river Brenta, 20 m nw Padua.

Citj Point ; lee Bermuda Hundred.

Ciudad Realt a town of Spain, in New
Caftile, capif ' of Mancha. Here are
three chur( $ and (even convents.
Tlie inhabit mts are noted for drefling
Irather for gloves. It is 2 m from the
Guadiann, and 98 s Madrid. Lon. 3 57
w, lat. 39 > N-

Ciudad Itodiiffo, a city of Spain, in
Leon, and a bilhop's fee, with a ftrong
fort. In 1812, the Britifli took it by
ilorm, from the French. It Hands in an
extenfive plain, on the Aguada, 50 m sw
Salamane^. Lon. 6 25 w, lat- 40 53 n.

Civita Cajiellana, a town of Italy, in
the patrimony of St. Peter, with a cita-
del. It ftands on a high rock, at the
foot of which ij a river that Hows into
the Tiber, 25 m n Rome.

Civita di Chieti^ a city of Naples,
capital of Abruzzo Citra, and an arch-
biihop's fee. It contains four churches
and nine convents, and ftands on a
mountain, near the river Pefcara, a8 m
E Aquila, and 96 n Naples. Lon. 142a
E, lat. 42 24 N.

Civita Ducale, a town of Naples,
in Abruzzo Ultra, on the river Vclino,

10 m w Aquila.

Civita di Friuli, a town of Italy, in
Friuli, feated on the Natifona, 10 lu r
Udina.

Civita Mandonia, a town of Naples,
in Calabria Citra, near which are the
ruins of the famous city of Sibaris. It
is feated on the gulf of Tarento, at
the influx of the Crati, 31m n by £
Cofenza.

Civita diPcnna, a town of Naples,
in Abruzzo Ultra, near the river Sa-
lino, 25 m NE Aquila.

Civita delta Pieve^ a town of Italy,
in Perugino, 23 m W3W Perugia.

Civita Vecc/iia, a ftrong li>aport of
Italy, in the patrimony of St. Peter,
with nn arfenal. The chief exports arc
puz'<.olana, and a fuperior kind of alum^
prepared at Tolfa. Here the pope's
gallies ufed to be ftationed. It was
taken by the French in 1798, and re-
taken by the Auftrians and Ruflians
in 1799. It >8 35 m Nw Rome. Lon.

11 46 K, lat. 42 5 N.

Civite/lot a town of Naples, is Otran-
to, 5 m M Taranto.
Civrcff; See Sivraj,
M

t ' I Hi/'"'' .■ ; i, ' ' ■ i

r 41

■m; '.4 •■-/►■■«■ ^

I, <V..

i S*?*

t!>M

CL A

Clacimanan, a borough of Scotland,
and the county-town of ClacUrnauan-
(hire, with a harbour formed by the
Devon, at Us conflux with the Forth.
On the top of a hill is a fquare tower,
which derives its name from the iiluf-
Irions Robert Bruce, whole great fword
and caJque arc here prcfcrved. The
number of inhabitants was 2961 in i8ci>
and 3605 in ittii- It is 29 m wNW
Edinburg. l.on. 3 38 w, hit. 56 5 n.

Clackmananjhlrej a county of Scot-
land, only 10 m long and % broad ;
bounded on the sw by the Forth,
whicii divides it from Stirlin^ifhire, and
on all other (ides by Perthfliirc. It
produces good corn and paftiiie, and
plenty of coal and I'alt. The number
of inhabitants was 10,858 in 1801, and
ia,oio in 181 1- This Ihire, with Kin-
rols, fends one member to parliament.
Clackmanan is tlic county town, but
Alloa is the largcd.

Clagenfurti a town of Germany, ca-
pital of C'arinthia. It has a llrong wall,
fix churches, three convents, and ma-«
jiufa<fturcs of cloth and white lead.
This town was taken by the French
in 1797. It (tands on the river Glan,
140 m sw Vienna. Lon. 14 7 e, lat.
46 4t ^•

Clair, St. a lake of N America, be-
tween the lakes Huron and Erie, 90
m in circumference. It receives the
waters of the lakes Superior, Michi*
£an, and Huron, and difcharges them,
through the ftrait called Detroit, into
the lake Erie.

Qairacf a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lot and Garonne. Corn
and tobacco are cultivated, and a great
deal of wine and brandy made here. It
is feated in a valley, on the river Dort,
13 m Mw Agen.

Clanifmyy a town of France, in the
depart'ncnt of Nievre. Before the late
revolution, the chapel of an hofpital in
the fu'curb was the provifion for the
bishop of Bethlehem, who was fixed
here in 1180, after the Chriftians hud
been driven from the Holy Land. Cla-
nicncy is feated at the conflux of the
Buevron with th» Yonne, 35 ni nne
Ncvers. Lon. 3 36 e, lat. 47 a8 n.

Claphamt a village in Surry, 3 m ssw
London, noted for many bandlbme vil-
las, which chiefly furround a beautiful
common.

Clara, St. a fmall ifland of Peru, in
the bay of Guayaquil, 70 m sw Guay-
aquil. Lon. 82 20 w, lat. 2 20 s.

Claret a town in Suffolk, wiln ? mar-
ket on Tuefday. It is f. mous for the
sreat men who have born the title of

CLA

ear! and duke of it. Lionel, third fon
of Edward 11 1, becoming pnireffed uf
the honour of Clare, by marriage, was
created duke of Clarence; and that
title has ever fince belonged to u br.mch
of the royal family. Here Hre the ruins
of a caftle; alfo of a priory, the lioufe
()f which is now occupied by a f.irnier,
and the chapel is a bnrn. Ciare has a
m.inufaflure of kiys, and is (i-ated near
the Stour, 15 ms Hury St. Edmund,
and 56 NE London.

Clare, a county of Ireland, 'n the
province of Munfter, 55 m lone and
33 broad ; bounded on the w by the
Atlantic, N by Galway, and R and s by
the Shannon, which feparates it from
Tipperary, Limerick, and Kerry. It is
divided into 79 parilhes, has two mar-
ket towns, and fends three members to
parliament- The inhabitants are about
96,000. It breeds more horfes than
any other county in Ireland, befide a
great number of cattle and fheep. En*
nis is the capital.

Clare, a village of Ireland, in the
county of Clare, feated on the Fergus,
near its entrance into the f lannon, a m
ssE Ennis. It was once the capital uf
the county, and has a cadle on an
ifland in the Fergus, over which is an
excellent modern bridge.

Claremont, a town of New Harap-
(hire, in Chefhire county, lituate on
Sugar river, at its conflux with the
Conncdl'.cnt, 27 m s Hanover, and 90
WNW Portfmouth.

Clarendon, a village in Wiltfliire,
3 m E Salifbury. Here was once a
royal palace, in which the parliament
w ».s feveral times convened ; the firft
time by Henry ir, in 1164, who en-
adted the laws called the Conflitutions
of Clarendon, by which the power of
the clergy was reftraineo.

Claritza, a town of European Tur-
key, in Janna, at the mouth of the
Penco, in the gulf of Salonica, 26 m e
Larifla.

Clarkjliurp;, a town of Virginia, chitf
of Harriibn county. It is lituate on tlic
Monongahela, 40 m sw MorgantowU'
Lon. 80 40 w, lat. 39 1$ v.

Clarkjlofwn, a town of New York,
in Orange county, a m w of the Tup-
pan lea, and 29 n by w New York.

Clari/ville, a town of Tenn-.-flee.
chief of^Robertfon county. It is fiUi;ite
on Cumberland river, at the influx of
Red river, 45 m nw Nalhville. Lon .87
23 w, lat. 3625 N.

Claude, St. a town of France, in the
department of Jura, and lately a bifhop's
fee. It owci its origin to a celebrated

third fon
iMTed of
iage, wai
and that

u branch

Ihe ruins
the hmiic

;i farmer,
'.are has a
i-ated ntiu

Edmund.

id, 'n the

lone and

vv by the
F. and s by
es it from
erry. U is
} two tnur-
nenibcra to
8 are about
lorfes than
J, bcfide a
fheep. Eu«

and, in the
the Fergus,
)annon, 2 m
he capital of
aftle on an
which 13 an

New Hamp-
r, fituate on
jx with the
over, and 90

in Wiltdiire,
was once a
ic parliament
ed; the firft
64, who en-
Conftitutions
the power of

uropean Tur-
nouth of the
anica, a6 m e

Virginia, chief

B fituate on tiif

Morgantowu

of New Yorlc,
w of die Tap-
^ew York,
of Tcnni:flec.
ty. It is fiUiiite
t the influx of
hville. Lon.87

Fiance, in the
lately a liiihops
to a celebrate*

C !. E

abbey, which w;i» fccularized in 1742.
The c.ithcdrai i;i exircmely elegant ; and
hen; are many yuhlic fnunrains wlih
large bafins. It is /i-iitcd lietwf «n three
high mountains, on the river I.ifon, 35
mNw(icneva. I.on.6i8 i", int. 4624N.

('/avrrac, a town of New York, in
Cnhimhi.i county, with a Dutch church
and a court-houll- , f.-atod in a large
plain, near a creek of its name, a m e
Iludfon.

('laufen, a town of C/i-rmany, in Ty-
rol, with a caille. The ailjaccnt coun-
try produces a line red wine. It /lands
near the river Eifick. 8 m sw Brixcn.

ClaufeiiLur<j, or ColoJ'war, a town of
Tranfylvania, where the dates of thu
province generally animble. On one
of the uates is an infcription in honour
of Trajan. It is fc.ited on the Simos,
60 ni NNW Ilertnaiiltadt. Lon. 23 z*
E, lat. 46 i;5 N.

Claujlhnl, a town nf Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Brunfwick, Here is a
mint for coining money; and near it
are fome ricli filver mints. It ftinds in
the Hartz mountains, 14 m psw Collar.

(lay, a village in Norfolk, feated on
an arm of the fea, 4 m n nvv Holt. It
has fome large falt-works.

Clear, Cape, the foutherii promon-
tory of a little iflaud called Clare, on
the s coaft of Ireland. Lon. 9 50 w, lat.

Cleeve, Old, a vi!la,.e in Somerfetfhire,
2 m sw Watchet. Here are confidera-
ble remains of a monaftery, fome parts
of which are converted into a granary,
(tables, &c. for an adjoining farm-hoiife.

Cleobury, a town in Shropfliire, with
a market on Thurfday; feated on the
liver Rea, 28 m sse Shrewfbury, and
137 NW London.

Clerac, or Chirac, a town of France,
in the department of Lot and Ga-
ronne, on the river Lot, 10 m nw
Agcn.

Clerke Ijles, two iflands near the en-
trance of Beering (trait, between the
coafts of Kjmfchatk^ and N America.
They were fecn by Cook in 1778, and
fo named in honour of captaiii'Clei"ke,
his fecond in command. They were
both inhabited, and not unknown to
the Ruffians. Lon. 169 30 w, lat. 63

JSN.

Clermont, a city of France, capital of
[ the department of Puy de Dome, and a
bifliop'oi fee. It is feated on an eminence,
and fomctimes called Clermont Ferrand,
fince the town of Moutfirrand, about a
mile diftance to the n e, was united un-
der the name of a fuburb- The cathe-
Idral, public fquares^ and walks are very

CLI

fine ; but the (Ireetg arc narrow, and
the houfcs built of ftoues of a gloomy
In the neighbourhood are fome

ue.

h

mineral fprings ; and that of the Aiburb
St. Allyrc has formed a natural bridge*
«*ver the brook into which it falls, fo
that carria^'cs can pali» over. Clermont
is the birthplace of the celebrated
Palcal, and has manufadtures of rat-
teens, druggets, ftrges, and leather. It
i.s 86 m s Nevtrs. Lon. 3 5 E, lat. 45
47 N.

Clermont, a town of France, in the
department of Herault, with manufac-
tures of cloth and hats; feated on an
eminence near the Logue, 10 m ssi
Lodcve, and %\ w Montpellie .

C/ermont, a town of France, in the
department of Mcufe, on an eminence
by the river Ayr, i z m w by s Verdun.
CLrmont,a. town of France, In the
department of Oife, on an eminence
near theBrefche, 37 m n Paris.

CJerviont, A town of New York, in
Columbia county, 15 m s Hudlbn, and
117 N New York.

Cleri/, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Loiret, once famous for
the pilgrimatres to our lady of Clery.
Here is the tomb of that monfter Lewis
XI, who appears in white marble, as
t he faint and the patriot king. It is 9 m
ssw Orleans.

C/eve, a duchy of Weftphalia, for-
merly divided into two parts by the
Rhine, but the part on the w of that
river was ceded to France in 1800- It
is a fine country, variegated with hills,
woods, field;?, towns, and villages; and
the chief rivers are the Rhine, Lippe*
and Roer. The capital is Wefel.

Cleve, a city of France, in the depart-
ment of Roer, lately of Germany, and
the capital of the duchy of Cleve. It ii
feated on the eaftem fide of three hills, %
m w t f the Rhine ; and has a caftle,
built in the time of Julius Ccfar. It »«
70 m NNw Cologne. Lon. 6 la E, lat,
51 48N.

Cli^, a town in Northamptonfhire,
with a market on Tuefday, 30 m nk
Northampton, and 88 nnw London.

Clijja, a fort of Dalmatia, taken from
the Turks by the Venetians, in 1684.
It is feated on a craggy mountain, 6 m
N Spalatto.

tliJfoTty a town of France, in the de«
partment of Lower Loii'e, on the river
Sevrr, 12 m 8 Nantes.

C/it/ieroe, a borough in Lancafhire,
with a market on Saturday. Here are
the remains of an ancient caftle, feveral
extenlive cotton nnanufadlures, and a
trade in lim«. It i» featsd near Pcadil
M»

1^. \%

'I'- 1..

.1! ' ,'5^

y'(f»

1i^:

1 k %m

'^'m

'■!W

ill

;| ^,M

'■» ■ i"

fli

CLO

hill and the river Kibble, tt m ie Lan*
cafter, and ai; nnw London.

CVo/fA,a town of Ireland, in the county
of Down, near the head of Dundrum
bay, 6 m 8W Downpatrirk.

CJog/ier, a town of Ireland, in Ty-
rone, and a bifliop's lee. It wasalmoft
laid wade by a fire in i6io, and iit now
much fmaller than formerly. The ca-
thedral is a modern AriK^ure, and ferves
as the parifli church. It is fituate on
the Launy, 15 m nw Monughan, and
19 wsw Dungannon.

C/onaAi/ty, a borough of Ireland, in
the county of Cork, on a bay of its
name, 28 m sw Cork.

Clonardt a town of Ireland, in Mcath,
on the river Boyne, 3a m w by N Dub-
lin.

Clonegali a town of Ireland, in the
county of Wexford, 1 1 m nnw Ferns.

Clones^ a town of Ireland^ in the
county of Monaghan, la m wsw Mo-
naghan.

Clon/ert, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Galway, and a biftiop's fee
united with Kilmacduagh. The cathe-
dral ferves as a parilh church. It is
ntuate near the Shannon, 43 m E Gal-
way. Lon. 8 a6 w, lat. 53 10 n.

QoHmtunotst a village of Ireland, in
W Meath, feated on the Shannon, 10 m
s Athlone. It is celebrated for the
large remains of an abbey, which was
amazingly rich and uncommonly ex-
tenfive.

Clonmel, a borough of Ireland, capi-
tal of the county of Tipperary, feated
on the river Suir. The caftles "and for-
tifications were demolifhed by Crom-
well. It has a confiderable woollen
trade, and over the river is a bridge of
ao arches, divided into two parts by a
fmall ifland, on which houfcs are built.
Clonmel fends one member to parlia-
ment, and is the birthplace of the cele-
brated Lawrence Hterne. It is ij m
S8E Cafhel, and 34 sw Kilkenny. Lon.
f aw, lat. 53 15 N.

Cionmines, a borough of Ireland, in
the county of Wexford, at the head of
Bannow bay, j6 m wsw Wexford.

Cloppenburgt a town of Weflphalia,
in the pnncipality of Muiifter, 3a m ne
liingen.

Clojier Neuburg, a town of Auftria,
with an AuguAine convent of regular
canons. It has a yard for iliip building,
and is feated on the Danube, 7 m nnw
Vienna.

Clojier Sevttii a town of Lower Sax-
ony, Ml the duchy of Bremen, memora-
ble for a convention "ntered into be-
twetn the duke of Cumberland* and

CO A

the duke of Richeiirvi, commander of
the French armies, in 058, by which
38,000 Hanoverians laid down their
itrms and were difperfed. It is 19 m 1
Stade.

Cloud, St, a town of France, in the
d(;partment of Seine and Oife, with a
magnificent pulace ; feated on the Seine,
it m w Paris.

C/ovelly, a village in Devonfliire, 3 m
ENE Haitland. It is built on the iid«
of a fleep rock, to whi^h the houfcs
fcem fixed like pig»'on-huts ; and ithai
a good pier in the Briftol channel.

Clojfe, or C/oij, a town of France, in
the department of £urc and Loir, 5 ra
8W Chateaudun.

Clot/nf, a town of Ireland, in tlic
county of Cork, and a hilltop's fee.
The cathedral is alio ihe parifli churcli.
It is 18 m E by sCork.

Clundert, a town and fortrefs of S
Holland, near an arm of the fea, called
Hollands Diep. In 1793 it was taken
by the French, who were obliged to
evacuate it foon after j but it furren,. :r.
ed to them in 1793. It is 9 m sb WIN
liamfladt.

Clunift a town of France, in the de-
partment of Saone and Loire, with a
famous Benedictine abbey, feated on thr
Grofne, 10 m nw Macon.

Cluji, a town of Savoy, in Fancigny,
feated on the Arve, aa msE Geneva.

Cluvyd, a river of Wales, which iiai
its whole courfe through a fertile vale
of the fame name. It rifes on the s
border of Denbighfhire, crofTcs the
middle of that county, by Ruthin, into
Flintfhire, and there flows by St. Afapb
to Rhuddlan, where it enters the Irifli
fea.

Cltfdey a river of Scotland, which
riles in the s part of Lanerkfhire, paflei
by Lanerk, Hamilton, Glafgow, Ren-
frew, Dunbarton, and Port Glafgow to
Greenock, where it enters "an arm of
the fea, called the Frith of Clyde. This
river runs for feveral miles between
high rocks, and in its courfe formsfeve-
ral catarafts. At Glafgow it becomej
navigable, und 6 m below that city It
is joined by the Great canal from the
Forth.

Clythnefs, a cape of Scotland, on the
6£ coaft of Calthnefs. Lon. 3 3 w, lat.
58 16 N.

Coanzo, a river of Africa, which rifei :
in the interior, crofTcs the kingdoms of
Matamba and Angola, and enters the [
Atlantic in ht. 9 a? s.

Coaji Cajilf, Cape, the principal fet-
tlement of the Englifli on the coaft of I
Guinea, with a Itrong citadel. It i< 10 1

m ENi St.

ii,/at. 5o^

Coavo, a

in the unki

rates Zangu

'era the Indi,

CoAan; Ik

Co6Ae, the

Darfoor, con

m$. It Is

♦8 8 K. lat. ,'
Coi/tam, a
''er Mole, 7
ftvcrai handf
rpnngs, and ;

lander of
by wluch
wn their
U 19 "* *

e, »n

the

ff, w'Hh a
the Seine,

nfliire, 31"
on the fide
the houfc«
J and it hai
annei-
f France, iu
d Loir, 5 ra

:.nd, in tli«
Viiijop's fee.
irim church.

fortrefs of S
he tea, called
it was taken
e oi>liged to
iiitfurven..:r-
sgm sbWiI-

ce, in the de-
Loire, with a
'.fcatcdonthr

1.

,, in Fauagny,
SE Geneva.
1-6, which hai
a fertile vale
the*
the

rifes on

crofTcs
w Ruthin, into
vshySt-Afaph
enters the IrilB

coc

m ENt St. George del Mina. Lon.o i
K, lat. 5 ON.

Coavo, a river of Africa, vhich rifes
in the unknown intfrlnr rct^ions, fepa-
ratei Zanguebar from Caffreria. and en*
tera the Indian ocean In lat. 8 35 s.
Cohan 5 lirr yitra Pax.
(Jobbe, the C'ipital of the kingdom of
Darfoor, containing about 6000 inhubit-
.ints. It Is 350 m wsw Scnnar. Lon.
:8 8 B.iat. 14 11 n.

Cohliam, a viihgc in Surry, on the rl-
▼er Mole, 7 m sw Kingfton. It ha«
fevcrai handfome villas, two mpdlcinal
fprings, and a manufaAure of iron and
eopper.

Hobi, a defart part of Tartary, called
Chamo by the Chinefe ; bounded on the
N by the country of the Kaika^, k by
the Moguls and Chinffe T.ntary, s by
China, and w by Cahnuc TartJiry-

Cobijat a town of Peru, in the audi-
ence of Charcas, with a good harbour
for vefll'ls carrying the metal from the
the neighbouring mines. It is 250 m s
.Arica. Lon. 34 44 w, lat. 22 20 s.

Coblentz, a city of France, capital of
the department of Rhine and Molelle,
lately of Germany, in the electorate of
Treves, it was the refidence of the
eledlor, who built a new palace here ;
the old one being on the oppoUte fide
of ihe Rhine, in the vale of Ehrenbreit-
ftcin. Here are a great number of fine
churches and convents, and a college.
Coblentz was taken by the French in
1794. It is feated at the conflux of the
MofcUe with the Rhine, 50 .n ne I'reves.

Lon 7 38 E, lat. 50 22 N

Coburg, a town of Upper Saxony,
capital of a principality uf the fame
name, with a college, a fort, and a caf-
tle. Here are manufaftures of porce-
lain, and alio of petrified wood, with
which the country abounds. It is feat-
cdon the Itch, 22 m n by e Bamberg.
Lon. II 12B, lat. 50 17 N.

Coca, a town of Spain, in Old Cailile,
with a ilrong callle for ftate prifoners ;
l(ated among mountains, or^ the river
Ercfma, a8 m Nw Segovia.

Cochabamba, or Oropefa, a town of
Peru, capital of the province of Cocha-
bamba, in the audience of Charcas .
The chief trade is in corn and fruit, o
whici' great quantities are produced in
f • «»hii!h rife« H'**^ ^^Wey of Cochabamba. It is 1 20 m
thfk^g^lo'"^ of W^^ Plata. Lon. 67 25 w, lat. 18 «o s.
A X^oxi the H ^ocheim, a town of France, in the de-
, and enu martnient of Rhine and Mofellr, lately
u- «r-,ncioal fet- mf Gei'many, in the eleftorate of Treves ;
I the coaft of l^Kdoa the Mofelle, 25 msw Coblentz.
1 ""j 1 It u loP ^ochtHt a province on the w coaft of
I cuadci. a,^ peninfula of Hindooftan, lying be-

■Gotland, which
nerklhire, pafTe*
Glafgow, Ren-
ortGlafgowto

ters-an arm of
of Clyde. This
miles between
lutfe forms feve-
cow it become!
^ow that city It
canal from the

Scotland, on the
Lon. 3 3 W''*^'

COC

tween thofeof Malabar and Travancnre,
80 m lt)ng and 70 broad. It is govern*
ed by a rdjah, who is tributary to the
Knelilli.

C'or/iin, a fortified fcaport of Ilindoo-
ftan, in the province of the fime name.
It was a Dutch fettlement, but takca
by the Enc;li(h in 1795. It is iia m s
by P. Calicut. Lon. 76 5 li, lat. 9 56 n.

Cochinchina, a kingdom of Afia, jjoo
m long and 120 broad, lK>unded on the
E by the China fea, m by Tonqnin
(from which it is feparated by moun-
tains and a flrong wall) w by Cambodia,
and s by Ciampa. The climate is
healthy, thcfummer heat being temper-
ed by regular breezes from the fea.
Septembei, Odlobcr, and November it
the rainy ieufon. when the low lands
are fuddenly overflowed by torrents of
water from the mountains : the inun-
dations happen generally once a fort-
night, and continue three or four days.
In the following three months there are
frequent rains, brought by cold north-
erly winds, which diRinguilh this coun-
try with a winter different from .iny
other in the eaft- The inundations
render the land fruitful, many parts
producing three crops of grain in the
year. Gold is alraoft taken pure from
the mines, and there are rich filver
mines. The country is interfeded by
rjvers, which are well calculated for
promoting inland commerce, yet not
Urge enough to admit veflels of great
burden ; but there are commodious har-
bours on the coaft, particularly that of
Turon. The aborigines of Cochin-
china are called Moys, and they inhabit
the chain of mountains which feparate
it from Cambodia. To thefe ftrong
holds they were driven, about the be-
ginning of the 15th cejitury, by the
prefent pofleiTors of the country. They
are a favage people, very black, and in
features refemble the CafTree'. 'J 'he pre-
fent inhabitants bear evident marks of
being derived from the fime ftock as
the Chinefe y their religion is alfo the
fame, and moft of their manners and
cuftomti. They are a courteous, affa-
ble, inofFenliTe race, rather inclined to
indolence. The women are by far the
molt .i(^Ive fex, and merchan>s often
employ them as their fadors and bro-
kers. The cUics and towns have gates
at the end ot each ftreet, which are
(hut every night. Thehoijfes are moft-
ly of bamboo, covered with rufhes or
the ftraw of rice, and Hand in groves of
oranges, limes, plantains, and cocoa
trees. Here is plenty of fugar, pepper,
rice; yams, fweet potatoes, pumpkins,

.< L

■7 '-.W r

t ;'i' ( ti

r-t •

1^

coo

and me1on«; alfo ivory, mu(k, honpy,
and fillc : und the tdi'ole bird-nefts if-
tecmed a luxury in China, are chiefly
found here ; they are as white a« (iiow,
formed by a fprcie of Iwaliows from
fume unknown vilcuuB rubAance. and
great number* arc exported. Tht king
of this country conlummatt'd a great
revolution about tlie brpinninp of the
preffnt century; and alio acquired the
adjoining kingdom^ of Tonquin, Cam-
bodia, Lao, and Ciampn ; that his do-
minions, united, now form one gr.at
empiur. Thi; {^ovrrnrrent is a delpot-
ilrn, upon the model uf that of China.
The capital ia Hue

Cocker, a river t!'.-*t rifcd in the a of
Cumberland, flows ihrougli the lakes of
Buttermere.Cinmack-water.andl owcH-
water, and joins ihc Derwent, below
Cockcrmouih.

CockernifiHth, a bornugh in Cumber-
land, with a market on Monday. It
^atids on the Cocker, at its connnx
with the Derwent, and between two
hills, on one of which is a haiidiome
church, and on the oth» ' the remains of
a ilately cattle. It has manufadures of
ihallnons, coarfe linen and woohen
cloths, leather, and hats. It is 36 m sw
Carlifle, and 305 nnw London. Lon.
3 15 w,lat 543a N.

Cockermouth, a town of New Hamp-
fhirc, in Grafton county, la in ne Han-
over, and 80 NW Portlmouth

Coconatoy a town of Piedmont, the
birthplace of Columbus, ao m e Turin.

Codt Cape, a cape .ind peninfula of
the ftate of Maflachufels. The penin-
fula extends in a femicircle, e and v,
70 m in length and from 3 to 9 in
breadth. The cape is thf extremity,
and forms the se point of MaflTachulets
bay. Lon. 70 14 w, lat. 42 4 n.

Codogno, a town of Italy, in Lodefan,
rear the conflux of the Adda with
the Po, J 3 m ssE Lodi.

Codomudi, a town of Hindooftan, in
Coimbetore, featcd near the Cavery, a
little above the influx of the Noyelar,
ej m ssE Bhawanikudal.

Cv/, a town of Hindooftan, in the
country of Delhi, 33 m n Agra, and 6k
5E Delhi.

Coesfeld, a town of Wffcphalia, .in
the principality of Munftcr, nerj- the
fourcc of the Burkel, 18 m w M'lnfter.

Coevorden, a fori.ified town of Hol-
land, in Overyflel, and one of the ftrong-
cft places in the whole couiu y. It
ftands in a morafs, on the river A a, 33
m s by E Groningen. Lon 6 44 e, lat.
524**".

C»ggejhal, a town in EiTexi with a

CO I

mnrketon Saturday, and a manufadlure
of bayn ; feated on the Blackwatcr, 7 m
w Cokhelter, and 44 kne London.

Cognac, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Charente, with a caftie,
where Francis 1 was born. It is cele-
brated for excellent brandy, and feated
on the Charente, 17 m w Angoulefme.

Cogne, a (own oi-' Piedmont, in u val-
ley and on a river of the ame name. The
mountain.! vhich I'utroiind it are rich in
mincx of iron and copper. It is 6 m s
Aoda.

Cognit or Konidi, a city of AfiaMc
Turkey, capital of Caramania, and tlic
fee of a Greek archbifhop 'i ho walls
have io8 fqiiarc towers, nt 40 puces
d ftant from each other ; and it has two
large fuburbs, itito one of w liich the ca-
ravans and ftrai^gcrs retire li is a place
of great trade, and feated in a country
abounding in corn, truit, pulfc, and
cattle, 150 m sk Kiutaja. Lon. 3* j*
E, lat.;t7 5aN "^

Cohaliiiila, a province of New Spain,
in the audience of Mexico ; bounded
on the N by a country unknown, E by
Texas and New Leon, and s and w by
New 1 ifcay. It is little known. Men.
clova is the "apital.

Coinihetore, '. province of the penin-
fula of Ilindooltnn, lying s of \iyfore,
to which it w, 8 lately fulij''cl, but crded
to the E'.gl'lli on the final defeat of Tip.
poo in 1799- It is 1 10 m long and 70
broad, and divided by the river Noytlar
into two di(lri«its, Aorth and South, of
which Bhawanikudal und Daraporam
are the chief towns.

Coimbetore, a town of Hindooftin,
the ancient capital of tlie province of
the fame name. It was taken by the
Englilh in 1790, and retaken in 1791 by
Tippoo, who foon after deftroyed the
fort. It contains 1006 houfes, an exte'i-
five mud palace, and a tolerable mofqiie,
built by Tippoo, who fmretimes rciiJcd
here ; but it has no large temple. The
palace now ferves as a barrack for a re-
giment of Britilh cavalry. The chief
manufadures are mullms and cotton
cloths ; and thefe, with cotton wool and
thread, tobacco, fugar, and betel-leaf,
are the principal articles of trade. It is
100 m s by I. Scringapatam. Lon. 776

B, lat. HON.

Coimbra, a city of Portugal, capital
of Beira, and a bifiiop's fee, with a ce-
lebrated univerfity. The cathedral is
magnificent, befide which there are nine
churches, and eight con.ents. It flanils
on a mountain, by the river Mondego,
100 m NE Liibon. Lon. 8 20 w, Iat<
40 35 N,

Cjtre, 0
capital of
hi 'hop'*

anufaflure
water, 7 in
indon.
, in il>e do-
h a caftie,

It Is c«'le-
, and foaicd
igoulefmc
lit, in a val-

namc. Tiic
I art! rich in

It is 6 m s

\f of AfllMC

tnia, and tlic
'1 ho walls
at 4u paces
11(1 it h.»a two
jvliith the ca-
ll is a place
in 11 country
t, pulfei and

Lon.

3» 3^

►fNew Spain,
CO i bounded
rtknown, e by
,d 8 and w by
mown- Mon»

of the penin-

e s of N I yfore,

|.-c^, butctded

detVat of Tip.

long and 70

river Noytlar

uid South* of

v\ Daiapr.ram

:if Hindooftm,
lie province of
IS talccn by the
lUciiin 1791 by
dtftroyed the
lulcrt, an t'Xtc'i-
erable mofciiie,
retimes reiiJtd
;? temple' I he
larracU for a re-
y. The chitt
r-.s and cotton
otton wool and
and betel-k'af.
i of trade. It is
tarn. Lon. 776

>ortugal, capital
5 fee, with a ce-
rhe cathedral is
ch there are nine
,,ents. Itftamts
river Mondego,
an. 8 ao w, lat-

COL

Cjifw, or Chur, a town of SwifTerland,
capital of tlu; canton of Orifons, and a
bi'hop'n 'ce. It is fnrroundcd by an-
cient brick waiit, with fqn re and
round towcri, and civided into two

ftartit, the load of wl:!ch is of the catlio*
ic religion, ind the greatcft of the pro-
tellant. The French furprifed and de-
feated the Audrian army at this place
in 1799. It is feated between two
mountains, on the rivtr PklTur, near
the Rhine, 15 m bse Olaris. Lon. 932
B, Ut. 46 48 N.

Cokenhaufertt a ftrong town of RuflTia,
in the government of Livonia, on the
river Dwina, jo n» sk Riga.

Ct-king, a city of China, of the firft
rank, in the province of Yu-nan. It is
.160 m ssw ."eking. Lon. 100 a e, lat.

Coli one of the Hebrides of Scotland,
lying to the w N w of that of Mull. It is
;4 m long and above 1 broad. The
furfacc is rocky, and the ^reateft part
covered with heath ; but it produces
fome corn and padure, and has fcveral
fmall lakes rcph^nilhcd with filh. Goats,
fheep, horfes, and beeves arc fed here.
Tiie callle of Col is a ftrong Iquare-
biiilt ftrudturc, and iUU iu tolerable re-
pair.

Color t a town of Hindooftan, 1.. My-
fore, with a large mud fort, and the re-
mains of a hill-fort. It is the birthplace
of Ilydcr Aly, who erected htn; a hand-
fomc maufoleum for his father ; and
near it is a mofque, and a college of
Mooft-lmin prieits. The chief manu-
fadlures are cotton cloths and muflins.
It is 40 m ENE Bangalore, and 140 w
Madras. Lon. j'S 9 k, lat. 13 9 n.

Co/benef a town of Tripoli, on the sw
part of the gulf of Sidra, 90 m sse Mef-
furata.

Colberg, a fortified feaport of Further
Pcmerania, wit!i a collegiate church,
good linen manufadlures, and confuier-
ahle falt-works. The Ruffians laid fiege
to this town in 1758 and 1760, without
fuccefs ; but it furrendered to them after
i long fiege in 1761 , and was reftored at
the fubfequent peace. It is feated at
the mouth of the Perfant on the Baltic,
60 m NE Stettin. Lon. 15 36 e, lat.

54 9 N.

Colcbejiert a borough in Efiex, go-
verned By a mayor, with a market on
Wednefday and Saturday. It is feated
on an eminence by the Coin, which is
navigable to a place c?lled Hithe, where
the cuftomhoufe is fituate. The town
was furrounded by a wall, now demo-
I lilhed ; and to the e are the remains of
in old caftle. Here were fornerly 16

COL

churches, hut now only laarc ufed ;
and moft of them w«re danviged in
1^48, whin the towti rinrendett'd to tl;r
army of the parliameiil, after a meiniii-
able fiege. The town is funous for
oyftcrs and cringo-roots, and has a large
manuf;i(.'liire of baize, 'i'he number of
inh.ibitants was 11, 5:0 in iHoi, and
ia,544 in iHi i. It is 2a m sw Ipfwich,
and 51 hNF. Londor Lon. o 58 e, lat-
5« 53 N.

('o/c/if/lert a town of Virginia, in
Fairfax county, on Ocquoquam i:reck,
.^ mfrom its confiux with the Potomac,
and 16 6W Alexandria.

(■olcliefler^ a town of Conneflicut, in
New London county, ao m nw Nevr
London.

C'olc/iejhr, a town of Vermont, in
Chittenden county, on a bay of Luke
C harapliiin, jvt the influx of the Onion,
14 m N by E Burlington.

ColJing, a town of Denmark, in Jut-
land, formerly the relidcncr of many
Danilh kings, who adorned it with fc-
veral edifices. The harbour is choked
up, and its commerce ncarlv annihi-
lated. It is feated on the Thucths, near
its entrance into a bay of the Little
Belt, 30 m ENE Ripen. Lon. 9 35 k,

•i»t. 55 33 N.

Coldingham, a town of Scotland, in
Berwicklhirc, anciently noted for a
nunnery, built by Edgar, king of Scot-
land. Ebba one of the abbofles, re-
nowned in tradition for her chaftity,
gave name to the neighbouring pro-
montory called St. Abb Head. It is 9 m
NNw Berwick.

Colditz, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Miliiia, with manufafturcs of linen and
ftuffs, I'cated on the Mulda, 22 m se
Lcipzic

Coldjlreamt a town of Scotland, in
Borwicklhire. Htie general Monk firft
railed the Coldftream regiment of
guards, with which he marched into
England to reftore Charles n. It is
feated on the Tweed, over which is a
handfome bridge, 13 m sw Berwick.

Ctkagara, a town of Hindooftan, in
the province of Coimbetore. It has
two large temples, and is a confiderable
mart for the traders between Seringa-
patam and the country below the eafl:-
ern Gauts. It is 34 m sb Seringapa-
tarn.

Colebrooi, a town of Connedlicut, in
Lichfield county, with iron -works on
Still river, a branch of the FarmingtoD,
26 m NW Hartford.

CoUbrook DaUf a village in Shrop-
ihire, on the banks of the Severn, xmsi
by B Brofeley. It ftands in a windins

'M-'i

-.r-

COL

vale, between two vaft hillif which are
coviTfd with hanging wmu) i. Il'-re «re
nuiiy kiliit fur burning tim«(lone ; the
mod confiderabli.* irun-worki in Eng-
Iind ; a bridg', over the Severn, con.
Aructod of cilt iron ( i Ipring of fodil
tar, or potioientn , and .1 work for oh>
t.iining a limilar kind :•( tar, front tlto
condiMifel fmoke of coal.

Celenitt i'afttt .1 capo of tlie ifland of
New Ctledonia, in the I'acific ocean.
Lon. \f)\ t,ft v-tVAi. ^o2,o f^.

(■olerain, a borough of I/eland, in the
county of Londonderry. It fends a
member to parliament, hai a good fal-
mon iifhcry, and a noted manufadlure
of linen. It ii foated on the river Baiin,
j| m from the fea. urd st ene London-
derry.

Co/erain, a town of the ftale of Geor-
gia, in Camden county. A treaty was
concluded here, in 1796. between the
United States and the Creek Indians.
It is foatcd on St. Mary river, 35 m w
by N of the port oCSt. Mary, and 140 8
by v- Louifville.

CoUJhill, a town in Warwick (hi re,
with a market on Wednclday, feated
on a hill, by thi.* river Cole, 10 m «
Birmingham, and 105 nw Londoii.

Cblford, a tovm in Giouccftenhire,
with a market on Tuefday, 5 m ese
Monmouth, and 124W by n London.

C'olima, a town of New Spain, in
Guadalaxara, feated in a fertile valley,
on the river Neqnalapa, 145 m » by w
Guadalaxara. Lon. io3iovv,lat. 18 53 it.
Collabang, a. town of Hindooftan, in
Malwa, near the river Sindc, jo m w
Chanderee.

ColUi a tovirn of Tufcany, on a hill

near the river lilza, 10 m nvw Sienna.

CoUeda, a town of Upper Saxony, in

Thuringia* feated on the Unftrut, 19 m

N by w Weimar.

Colliourt, a town of France, in the
department of Eadcrn Pyreneeti, with a
caftle. It was taken by the Spaniards
in 1793, but retaken the next year. It
has a fmall port on the Mediterranean,
16 m ssE Perpignan.

CoUumptorti a town in Devonihire,
with a market on Saturday, and a con-
(iderable trade in woollen cloth ; feated
on the river Culm, 12 m mne Exeter,
and 160 w London.

Colmar, a town of France, capital of
the department of Upper Rhine. It is
furrounded by a wall, flanked with
towers, near the river III, 4s m s by w
Strafburg. Lon. 7 12 e, lat. 48 5 e.

Colmar Sf a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower AIps^ ao oa £me
SDigne.

COL

Co/ff, a river that rife* ne.ir Clare
in Sutfolk, pafll's by Halftrad and
Cnlchtfter in Efli-x, and enters the
Crcrm.m ocean, at the k en<l of Merfi-y
ifland. In the inlets and pools at the
mouth of this river are bred the famous
Colchffter oyfters. There are fevrral
fmall rivers of the fame name in Eng.
land-

Colnlruok, a town in Buckingham-
fliire,onthciivcrColn, 17 mw London.
Colne, a town in Lancalhire, with a
market on Wednofday, and a trade iu
flialloons, calamancos, tammies, cali-
cos, and dimitiea. The number of in-
habitants was 3616 in 1801, and 533(1
in 181 1. It is feated on a hill, near the
Leeds canal, 36 m !>e Lancaflcr, and
118 NKW London.

Cohcylhla, a town of Euiopcan Tur-
key, in Morea, on the nw part of a
bay, to which it gives name, 36 m s
Mifltra. Lon aj 34 e, lat 36 38 n.

Coloeza, a town of Hungary, and an
archbiOiop's fee. It is fltuatc on the
Danube, 57 m s Buda. Lon- 18 29 e,
lat. 46 38 ft.

Cologna, a town of Italy, in Paduan,
j6 m w Padua.

Colcgne, a late archbiflioprlc and
eleAorate of Germany, in the circle of
Lower Rhine ; bounded on the n by the
duchy ofCleve and Gelderland, e by
the duchy of Berg, s by the archbilhop-
ric of Treves, and w by the duch/ of
Juliers. Some detached parts of thit
territory lie on the e fide of the Rhine,
and in 1800 were given as indemnities
to the neighbouring German princes;
but the principal part, lying w of the
Rhine, now belongs to France, and it
included in the department of Roei .

Cologne, a fortified city of France, in
the department of Roer, with a univcr-
flty. It was lately an imperial city of
Germany, capital of the eledorate of
Cologne, and an archbifliop's fee. It
contains 10 collegiate and 19 parochial
churches, . id many otbtr religious
foundations; all of which ?,re famous for
their fine paintings, their treafures, or
their reii(5t8. Cologne is ihe birthplace
of the great Rubens ; and ^was once ce-
brated for its commerce, which is now
dwindled to the manufadlurc of a few
ribands, (lockings, and fome tobacco.
It owes its decay to perfecution ; to the
expulfion of the Jews in 1485, and of
the proteftants in 16 18. Two-thirda of j
this city have f..ice fallen into ruins,
and ftreets and fquares are converted
into kitchengardens and vineyards. It
is feated on the RhinC) 17 m & Julieri>
Lon. 6 J5 B,lat. 50 55 n.

Ctlimitr,
depart men
mar. Mcai
Colongod
Malabar, \
tuns of c<
mountains
tore, and 5
Colonna,
nadi f'oma

Colon/a,
to the w of
< from Ore
which being
be conlidert
long and a b
«»ncc, and gi
exported.

Coloor, a (
«ircar of Gu
mond mine.
oftheKi/tna

Colorado,
which rifcs a
N border of
a W8W courfi
pif of Calif
lcnp-*h of its
of which ^oc
rigged vefTeh
banks are cnti
Colorno a N
of Parma, fea
Parma.
Colofujuar j
Colouri, 01 I
ropean Turk«
ftparated fron
by two narrov
circumference
vancesfarinia
ancient city o
the chief towr
w by s Athena
Colller<worth
on the With;
lear which, o
&moi!8 for be
Ifaac Newton.
Columb, St. .
a market on T
*6 m NNw
London,,

Columbia, a
^ America, w
Some of its h
municate with
but the main
further to the ^
M, where 860
^cwls and Clai
to the Pacific
°y a mouth abo
f6w, lat, 46x9

ear Clire
tfad and
ntrrt the
>f Merf.-y
oU at the
he famoii*
are fevrral
ne in Eng.

ickingham-
w London,
irc, with a
a trade in
imies. cali-
mbcr of in-
i.and 533'^
,iU, near the
icafttT, and

jifliopric and
n the circle of
m the N by the
derland, e by
he archbifliop-
the duch/ of
parts of Ihii
of the Rhine,
as indemnities
irman princes ;
lying w of the
France, and ii
jentofRoei.
;y of France, in
, with a univer-
mpcrial city of
^e cleftorate oi
•iftiop's fee. It
nd 19 parochial
lotb'cT religious
?,rc famous for
;iv treafures, or
is ihe birthplace
[nd ,wa8 once ce-
|e, which is now
Ifafturc of a few
fome tobacco,
fecution ; to the
in 1485. anio

Two- thirds ol ,
illen into ruins,!
'8 are converted
d vineyards. U
, i7mi JuUe"'

M.

COL

CtlimUn, a town of Fnnce, in the
department of Seine and Marne, 18
msK MeaiiK, and 40 e Paris.

Colonffodu,^ town (if Hindoodan, in
Malabar, with coiilidfrablu manufac*
tuns of cotton ; featcd at the foot of
mountains on the s, ^^ m sw Cuimbe-
tore, and 53 k l)y « P.iniaiiy.

Celonna, a town of Italy, ' Campag*
na di r^omu, iH n s. Rome.

Co/on/a, a fertile ifland in Scotland,
to the w of Jura. It is feparatcd on the
s from Oronla, by a narrow channel,
which being dry at low water, thty may
be cunlidi-rcd as one illand, about i \ m
long and a broad Rabbits are in abund*
ancc, and great numbers of beevet are
exported.

Cohort a town of Ilindooftan, in the
«ircur of Ountoor, nrar which is a dia-
mond mine- It is rituate on the s (ide
of the Kiftnah, 13 m nw Coudavir.

Colorado, a river of M' America,
which rifcs among the mountains on the
N border of New Mexico, uud taking
a W8W courfe, enters the n part of the
gulf of California in lat. 33 N. The
lcn^*h of its coiirfc is about 1000 m,
of which 300 are navigable for fquurc-
rigged veflels; and the whole of its
banks are entirely dellitut(> uf timber.

Colorno. a 'own of Italy, in the duchy
of Parma, featcd near the Po, 10 m n
Parma.
Coh/iuar ; fee Claufenburt-
Colouri, 01 Salamis, an in.uid of Eu-
ropean Turkey, in the gulf of Engia,
feparated from the province of Livadia,
by two narrow channels. It is x6 m in
circumference, including a bay that ad-
vances far inland. Little is vifible of the
ancient city of Salamis ; and Colouri,
the chief town, ftands on the bay, j 8 m
w by 8 Athens.

Col/ierworth, a village in Lincolnfhire,
on the Witham, 8ms Grantham ;
near which, on the w, is Woolthorp,
bmouD for lieing the birtliplace of fir
Ifaac Newton.

Columb, St. a town in Cornwall, with
a market on Thurfday, feated on a hill,
16 m NNW Penryn, and 449 wsw
London..

Columbia, a river in the nvv part of
N America, whofe foutce is unknown.
Some of its head waters nearly com-
municate with thofe of the MifTouri ;
but the main llream is confiderably
further to the n. In 1805 it was enter-
ed, where 860 yards wide, by captains
Lewis and Clark, who paifed down it
to the PaciBc ocean, which it enters,
by a mouth above 3 m wide, in Ion. 1 24
f 6 w, lat. 46 Z9 N ; but their defccnt in

COL

loaded cii>o<!t was interrupts! by twcf
L.«d rapids, which ciiifcd .1 portage of
4 in on the tight hank. The Hpani-
ard* call it Entrada de Crta, after thA
commandtTof th? vcflcl, who is (aid to
b»* the firft difcoverer, but it wat not
entered by him.

Cotumiiat a territory of the United
Slaten of America, Curroundcd by Vir-
gini.'^and Maryland. It in part belonged
to each of thofir two ftates, and was
ceded by them, in ij'^a, to the United
Statct). who named it Columbia, andor«
dained it to be the fu*' of the federal
city. Thin irrritory, in 1810, contained
44,023 inhabitants. See fVa/hinxton.

Columbia, a city of S Carolina, ca-
pital of Kerfliaw county, and the feat
if government df the: n.ite ; but a
bra? h of each of the public otHces are
retai.itd iii Charlefton. It is fituaie on
an eminence, near the Congaree, juft
below the influx of the Saluda, 1 10 m
NNW Charlefton, and 170 »w Ralegh.
Loll, (li 5 w. lat. ^s 58 ^•

Colii.nbia, A town of Virginia, in
Goochland county, fituate on Jamea
river, at the influx of the Rivanna, 45
m above Richmond, and 100 sw Alex-
andria.

Columbia, a town of Pennfylvania.
in LancaUer county, fituate on the Suf-
quehana, at Wright's ferry, la m w
Lancader, and 70 w by N Philadelphia.
Columbia, a town of the' diftri^ of
Maine, in Wuihington county, fituate
on Pleafant river, near the Atlantic, 15
m \vsw Mjchias.

Columbia, 'A town of the ftate of Ohio,
in Hamilton county, (cated on the Ohio»
juft bcluw the influx of the Little Mia-
mi, 10 m k by s Cincinnati.

Columbo,i)\t Britifh capital of Ceylon.
It was built in 1638 by the Portuguefe,
who, in 1658, were expclleil by the
Dutch, and the latter furrcndered it to
the Englifh in 1796. The fort, upward
of a mile in circumference, ftands on
the extremity of a pcninlUIa, and is
ftrong both by nature and art. The
town is built more in the European
ftyle than any other garrifon in India,
and nearly divided into tour equal
quarters by two principal ftieets, to
which Ihialler ones run parallel, with
conne<fling lanes be»Wvc»! tliem. The
iiaMves live in the old town, without the
walls of the new. The inhabitants
amount to above ^500,000. Here is a
fchool for the propap''"-'nn of the Chrif-
tian religion, and .1 ootani..! garden.
The harbour is nothing laore than an
open load, affording lafe anchorag<' only
from December to April. Notwithftand-

^m

Jl

"mil''- \i

i

■1. 1

t (

■ '.,'",'>' ■.',.,■

■' ' .'it '■ i" ^'
'■^%1. . ,.4.

■Ml ' ■ •]

'1^. 4,1.

^ .. ■ i;

COM

Ing thlif C«»l.imbo it the chirf plrcc for
the ftapic tra'%' of Ifw illinJ. I li«« arti-
clrn exported are cinn.im'Jii, pcppt r, ar.
ruck, .111(1 coya-ropc <>r cortl.igc j mKo i
number of inferior article), ,i% beteMe.«r,
nreki-niit, jApgerjr (x loit <)M)licliilh
iugar) cocoa iititi unit oil, wax, honey,
c.irtlatnom. coral, ivory, fruit, Arc. Co-
Iiimlio iti (Unite in a rich dillritit on thr
w C(Mll,ti)w.ird tho s part of the ilhitid,
90 m w by s Candy. Lon. 79 49 k, lat.
7 4 w.

t't/umna, 3 town of Kiifll.1, in the gn«
vernmi'nt of Molcow, and an archol-
fhop's (ce, .150 m 4K Molcow. Lon- j8

aj «. -I' 55 5 N

t'o/.vrj; (\:v ('otouti.

('oil/ton, a town in Dcvnnfhire, with
A market on 'rininday, T att-d on the
Cole, at its conlliix with \\w Ax.l; m E
I'ixetiT, .itid 151 vv by s Loi. Ion.

Com, a town of IVifia, in Irac, with
feveral beantdul mol(|u«>a, and fomc
xrand (epiilchrcs. The trade is coii-
tidcrable ; and the chief articles are
fruit both frclh and dry, the bcU (oap
in Perfia, excellent tWotd-bladcs, white
porcelain, (ilSo, and velvctti. It is fcated
near the foot of a mountain, and on u
river in u fine plain, 1 10 ni nnf. Ifpahan.
Lon. 51 20 E, lat. 34 30 s.

Comac/iio, a town of Italy, in Fcna-
tcCct feated in a lake of the lame name,
lying between two monihi of the river
Pt), i] m BSE Fcrrara- Lon. 118 r., lat.

4442 N.

(Jomana ; fee Cuinana.

Comuuagotta ,\\.ovi\\ of Terra F'rm.i,
in the province of Cumana, 10 m w
Cumuna.

Comnijaf^ua, or fa/lacIolU, a city of
New Spain, capital of Honduras, and a
bilhop's ice. It is leated on the Chamu-
lucon, 280 m E Guatimala. Lon. 88 20
w, Lit. 14 35 N.

CotfiA Martin, a town in Hevondiirc,
with a m.irket on Tuclday ; li-ated on
an inlet of the Brillol channel, fur-
rounded by lodes of iron and le.id, the
produce from which is fhipptd for
Wales and Brillol. It is 6 m e Ilfra-
comb, and :oa w London.

t'ombant, a town of Ilindooflan, in
tiic country of Cuddapa, 65 m n Cud-
dapa.

t'ombamet, a town of Hindooftan, in
the country of Golconda, 68 m e Hy-
drabiid.

Comiila/t, a town of Hindooftan, in
Bengal, and chief place of the country
of lipera. It is leated on a river that
floWi. w into the Bnrrampootcr, 58 m
hSE Dacca, and jSB hUE Calcutta.
Lor. 91 20 E, lat. 23 «5 n.

CO M

Com'iHfit • town of the Nethfrlandi,
in Flanderi, on the river Lii| 8 m nh
Yprei.

C«mij0, n town of Sicily, in Val di
Noto, mmK co'inty of Modict \ featcd in
a fruitful plain, 17 m wnw Noto.

('omuitnJo,nr ('ommnni,!i kinydnm of
Oum«M, i^n til r Golit coift, formerly a
part of th^ kingdom of Fetu. The n.i.
tiv " ''a warlike dilpolition, and f«
nt that the king it faid to be

ab!c It* r.'ifi* nn army of ao,oQo men.
The capital id Oraiui Commendo or
OufTo i 4 tn to 'the H of which, on the
feaco.ift, ii Little Commendo, where
the Kn)(li(h and Dutch have forts. Lon.
o 34 a, lat. 4 54 M.

i'ommerej, * town of France, In the
department of Menle, with a caftir,
fe.ittd Oil the M<ule, 16 m SK liar
le Duo.

Cnmmotan, .1 town of Dohcmia, in the
circle of Saat/. Iti alum-pitn, and thf
frreit (piantities of fiiiit and vegetables
roiled here are the principal part of iti
trade. It is 5H m nw IVaguc. Loii i^
30 K, lat. .so 17 N.

i'omo, a town of Italy, in Milaticfc,
and a bKhop's lee. It is furruundcd
by a w.ill, l)ark(.d by a conical emi-
nence, on which are the rnin.'t of a caftle.
The cathtdral h a handfome edifice of
whilA marble, hewn from the neigh*
bouring quarries. The inhabitant') have
nrinufadures of cotton and iilk, and
cany on Ibnu' ti.ide with the C.Irifbni.
riiny was born here ; and, in his Let-
ters, Ipeaks of the delightful (ccncry of
its environs. It Hands at the sw end of
the lake of Como, 20 m nnw Milan,
and (;o ME Turin. Lon. 9 7 k, lat. 45
44 N.

Como, Lake of, or Laris, a lake of
Italy, in Milanele, extending 40 m from
N to s, but not above 6 wide in any
part. Toward the middle, on the E fide,
a branch extends to Lecco, and at the
.1 extremity ftands the town of Como.
The river Adda runs s through this lake,
by Lecco. The nujuntains that border
the lake have their lower regions cover-
ed with olives, vines, orchards, ?rid
Tome well-cultivated plains ; and higher
up arc groves of chelnut, pine, and fir.
they alio contain mines of iror., lead,
and copper, and quarries of beautiful
marble.

Comoro I/lands, five iflands in the
Indian ocean, between the coaft of Zan-
guebar, and the N part of the iflandof
Madagafcar. They are called Hinzuan,
Mayotta, Mohilla, Angezeia, and Co-
mora. See Hinzuan.
Comorin, Copt, the moft fouthcrn

|M)int of II
; .0 I* .

Comtrn,
capital of i
In 1711, it

earthquake

in the ifle u

Lon. iv I-,

< '•mfiejfn

depaitinc'nt

in wliich %h

'■'ded. The

priioner her

•n exttnhvf

ni MK I'ari*.

Comptjlth

and an arcl

vcrfity. 'Ji,

churches .-..«.•

great numbn

It is pretcfM

Jumrs, the p

here; «iul f

ini.ige, which

of the catlic(

military orili 1

It is te.tted ill

the rivfrs T

w by ir Leoi

5a M.

Compn/lelUtt
in Giiad'alaxar
Xalifco. 'I'h
lilvcr in itn n
11 w Guiidal;

Comrie, a to
Ihire, with a r.
yarn .iiid whil
at the influx
Perth.

Cancan i a Io\
w coall of the
between 13 an
traa rifcs abru
of mountains
fubjed to the I

Cotuanienu,
department of
feated on a fir
ro St Qnimper.
Conception, a
province of Pu
'«. The old c
wrthqtiake in
fuins are vifibic
J»y. near the
ihe new «ity
tJie old one, „
a beautiful p|,
"e N bank of
"'^out 15,000 in

thfrlariili,
I, 8 m NH

in Val di
I fc.itcil in
4oto.

lingdnm of
formerly a
. The na.
ion, and l«
Aiid 10 be
o,oof> men.
imciulo or
liilj, on tht
u\o, where
forts- Lon.

inoc, in the

th a caftlr,

in AR Har

crola. in the
litH, sii)d th«:
i vegetable!
I part of iti
ac. Lo» li

in Milanefci
Curroundcd
conical cmi-
nnoia caftle.
mc edifice of
n the iitigh*
abitanti have
uul IJlk, and
the (JrUbns.
I, in his Let-
fill Iccncry of
he sw end of
'nnw Milan,
7 K, lat. 45

pis, a lake of

ig 40 m trow

\vid<! in any

on the E fide,

J, and at the

|wn of Como.

jugh this lake,

Ins that border

regions cover-

jrchards, ^nd

[3 ; and higher

Ipine, and fir.

lof irot., lead,

|s of beautiful

Inands in the

coaftofZan-

)f the illand of

illed Hinzuan,

Izeia, and Co-

10ft fouthcrn

r 4) N

{M)irit of llindkioll.in. Luii. 78 ^ K, lat>

; 5« •••
t'om0rH, a ftroiig town ol Hungary,

capital uf a tcriitnry of ihr f.imif nuniC'

In i7lit it wtia n«Mrly dclUoyrtl Ly .m

r^rthquake. It in (catrd on the Danuin-,

III thi; ineofScliiit, •( •; m *.%>■ i'reftiiirg.

Lon. I It I -^ », l.it 47 \f> N.

Ctm^itjfn*, a town of France, in the
dcpaitiiicnt of Oik. Kera i« a palaco,
ill wliich thi! king of trainee olttii re<
tided. The Miid of Orle.tnK w<is taken
priloncr hrrc in 14.S0 It ii Ictiied near
an extciilivf foicft, on the rivci Oile, 45
m NK I'ariii. Lon. i jo », l.it. 49 ij n.

i ompejieila, or Si- Jaifo dt <.'o/«/>o/-
ttlla, a city <ii' Spain, capital of Galicia,
and an arclibilhop'B ice, with a iini-
vcrlity. 'riic public kpuren and thn
churches :'.>c ina^'iiiticent ) jind it liuit a

frcat nunilu'r of convents for both (irxi'9.
t is pretended that the body of St.
Jumrs, the pitron of Sp;iin, was bin led
here ; und piigriins vifu his wooden
image, wliicfi itaiids on the great ultar
of the cathedral. From thia city the
military order of St. Jayoliad it» origin.
It is letted ill a beautiful plain between
the rivers Tambra and Lflla, i<;5 m

Lun. 8 27 w, lat. 41

w by N Leon.

saw.

t'ompo/leHa, a town of New Spain,
in Giiadulaxara, capital of the diftrict of
Xalifco. Then.' an: tevetul niineb of
lilvcr in its neitrhbourhood. It is 110
m w Guadalaxara. Lun. 104 36 w,
lat. ai 13 N.

('omrie, a town of Scotl.ind, in Pcrth-
(hire, with ii conrKU'rahle trade in linen
yarn and whilky ; featcd oi\ the £riie»
at the influx of the Ruchil, 34 m w
Perth.

Coucan, a low trac't of country, on ihe
w colli of the Dcccan of Hiudoolt.in,
between 15 and ze N lat. From this
inid rifes abruptly that Itupendous wall
uf mountains called the Gauts. It is
fubjecl to the MahrattaR.

Conrarnrnu. a town of France, in the
department of Finifterrt, with a caltlc ;
feated on a fmall inlet of the Tea, 16
rast Quimper.

Conctptiont a fcaport of Chili, in tho
province of Fuchacay, and a bilhop's
lee. The old city was deftroyed by an
earthquake in 1751, and part uf its
ruins are vifibic, «)n the se fide of the
bay, near the town of Talcaguana.
The new aity is 0 m from the fitc of
the old one, and 3 from the Tea, in
a beautifnl plain, called Morha, on
the N bank of ihe I'iiobio, and contains
about 15,000 inhabitav's. The bay of

CON

C inception la one of tho moft cnmmo*
dioiit narbours in the world, and Ihel*
lered from the ocan by the fertilt
idand uf Q^iiirioiiina, which form* twrt
rniranccs into tfie bay. Thi* city it of
great extnit, and has a piUce for Ihe
prelident of the roy.il audience of St.
Jagu, who is obliged to rclide here for
llx months. The chief export! art
hides, tallow, dried borf, wheat, and
Hour. It irt no m n Valtlivia, and i6*
ksw St. Jago. Lon. 73 9 w, lat. J*
47 S.

C§»c*ptioHf a town of Terra Firma,
in the pruvinci? of Cumana, litu it* at
the Ibnice ot the Pao, in a mod fertile
country, 91 m « by w liurceluna. Lon.
6j 10 w, lit. H 4) N.

Lonerftio/i, a town of New Spain,
in the province of Ver.igna ; liMted near
the Caribean fei, on the river Veragua,
3.) m NKw St. Jago. Lull. Vi 40 w, lat.

14 48 N.

U$ncobtlla, a town of Guinea, in An*
7.iko, the refidetice of" a piiiice | featcd
on the river Zaire and boriiers of Congo,
15') m »w Munlol. Lon. 15 54 fc, lat.
a js-

Concord, a town of New Ilampdiire,
in Kockingham county. The legifla-
turc frequently hoid iheir (« flions here ;
iind it has much of the tr.ule of the
upper country. It is feared on the
Merrimac, over which is a liandlome
bridge, 54 m wnw Poctftnouth, >d
58. 'K Hanover. Lon. 71 .^i w, lal 43
la N.

('oftc0rdt^ town of MalTachufets, in
Mii!(ll«;frx county, with a handfomn
court-houfe, and three briilges over the
river Concord. This town was the U'at
of the provincial congrefs in 1774, and
the Ipot where the firll oppofition v^as
made to the Britilh troops in 1775. It
is iH m NNw Bolton.

Concordia, a town of Italy, in Mo-
denefe, on the river Sechia, 5 m w Mi-
randolu.

CoHcordf/i, a own of Italy, in Frlull,
28 m ssw Udira.

Candantrct » town of Ilindooftan, ia
Gulconda, 24 m t Adoni.

Condapilly, a town of Hindooftan,
capital of one of the Lnglilh Circars.
\ is fituate on the Kiftna, 80m ssk Ra-
jamundry. Lon. 80 30 e, lat. 16 ^y n.

Condapourt a town of Hindoodan, in
Golconda, ao m s by w Hydrab ad.

Condavir, a town of Ilindooftan, and
the principal port of t!ie Guntoor Cir-
car. It is ftrongly iituate on a moun-
tain, 30 m sw Condapilly, and 65 nnr
OngoTt. Lon. Ha 19 w^lat. 16 aa n.

If

■ I

II

I )

'%\'

r«

fl

CON

<'««iV/, a ftront mwn of Francfi In
(he (trpurtmriilolNurcliWithAforirrri.
It ftirii-nilrrrd tn the ulliri, .iltrrrnttur*
IhK thr rifuuit nt' tJininc, i)i 179.(1 l**'^
Wiw rctrfkrti in i7'H> 'nd onlctrti by thr
COiivrmiori |i) h;tvr it! niini?chilii)(ril in
t hit of Noril l.ilire. Cord*' 11 fraiiHl
on thr iiclirldtt at the influx of thi>
ILiifiiP, 7 m N by B Valcnciciuifi, and
%t t» Lillc.

Cvnd^^ I town nf Francci in tlir clc*
nartmntt of Calvadoi, fiMteil on the
N«TC.4ii, iH m ««twCani.

( 'onJ*€nio^ .1 c.ipr ot New .S|uini in
Juc4tan, luo m w Mcrid.1. Lun. 91 17
w, l.u. to J 1 K.

l.'otiJ//ui/nJi a town of IVru, capital
of a diOn^t, in whirh ii g.itlirri-{| a
fpccicK nf wiUI cochineal that furmi .1

5rrat article of tr.ide- It i» 83 in nnw
irecjuipa
('nndonit a town of Fr.incc, in the de-

t>artnwni of Orit, latrly .m I'pil'cnpal
er. It ia (entrd on the Blnifc, a6 m
NNW Aiich. I.un o 14 n, lat. 4^ 57 n.

i'ondort, a fertile illaiid in the Chin.i
feai near the coafl of Cambodia. It la
in the form of a crefcent. 9 m long iiiid
1 where bro.ulcd ; and is lurrounded
by levera' illrlM. Butl'aloi, lio^rs, veget-
ables, and water are to be had liert* .
The inhabitants arc fmall in ftaturr,
well Ihapi-d, and uf a dark olivi> com-
plexion. They ha;o a little idol tem-
ple, built of wood, and thatched lit<e
their houlci, which are very mean.
The Englifli had a lettlement here in
170:; but the fadlnrs falling out with
the natives, moft of them were mur-
derfd.and the reft driven thrnce in 1 705 .
It liag a fpacious bay on the e fide. Loii.
107 20 R. lat. ft 40 N.

Condritu, a town of France, in the
deparinicnt of KhonCi celebrated for
excellent wine ; feated near the Rhonei
18 m s Lyon.

Con/lans^ a town of Savoy, near the
conflux of the Ifere and Doron, 18 m
B Chamberry.

ConJIans, a town of France, in tlic
t'epartment of Upper Saone, la m n
Vefoal.

Confolentt a town of France, in the
department of Charente, on the river
Vienne, 30 m ne Angoulcfme.

Conjf, a village of Ireland, in the
county of Mayo, 24 m a Caftlebar. It
wan formerly the refidence of the kings
of Connaught ; and the ruins of iirveral
churches and religious houfes are yet
vifible.

CongletoHt a town in Cheshire, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market on

c: o N

^aturifiy. T' hai manufi^urri of to*
thff an«i colloii, and .1 larg'« hik<mil|,
It Itaiidson the rivrr Dran, 7ms Mac«
ilr«firl<(. and 161 kw London.

i'ttnt^o, a country on dia w coiill of
Alric.i, lictwcrri 4 and 15 degrees of •
ht, ciHitaininglhe kingdoms ut f.oanfo,
( on^u, Atit((>ta, M.itamba, and Ren*
ginU. It W4I difcttvered by thr I'or*
tu^ucfe in I »Ni , and is bounded un
the N liy (ininea, • by pails unknown,
i by IWrnlia, and w bV the Atl.mtic.
It is fomrtiiiii't lulled Lower Ouima |
and iiir I'ortugurfr have m^ny U-ttle*
menu on the c;)4fU as well as in the
inlanti country. 'I here are many defcrt
places within lanfl, in which ate cIp<
phanti, tifrrs, leopards, inonkics, and
monllroui fi'rpentst but ni-ar the coall
the Ciil is more fertih*; and there are
fruits of many kindu, h'lidr palm-trees,
from which wine and oil are mad^.
The grenteft part of the inhabitants go
almolt naked : ihcy worihip the fun,
moon, liars, and animali of difTerent
kinds ; but the Portugurfe have made
many converti: they are (kilful in
weaving cotton cloth \ and trade in
flaves, ivory, calfta, and tamarind*.
Congo, properly fo calli-d, is only 150
m brond along the coaft, but i» 370
inlan^ . From March to September is
called the winter (ealbn, when it rains
alinolt every day; and the fummcr is
from OAobcr to March, when the wr.i.
ther is very hot. The principal riven
are the Zaire and Coan/a. The ca«
pital is St. Salvador.

Congortt a town of IVrfla, in Lariftan.
It has a market for pearls, brought from
Bihrin, and an excellent road i.i the
Perlian gulf. It h 76 m si Lar. Lon.
54 30 K, lat. 16 40 N.

t'oni, a fortified town of Piedmont,
capital of a territory of its name, with
a mong citadel. The trade here is con-
fiderable, it being the n-pofitory for :i!l
the merchandilhfrom Turin and Nice,
which is intended foi Lombardy, Swif-
fcrland, and Germany. It i;> fo ftrong
by nature and art, that though fre-
quently befieged by the French, they
never could take it. In 1 796 it was de-
livered up to the French, after their
victory at Mondovi, ai a hoftag'; for the
performance of a treaty t and it fur-
rendeiedtothe Auftfiaiisin 1799* ^' '*
feated on a rock, at the conflux of the
Grefle and Sfure, .15 ml Turin. Lon.
7 44 E, lat 44 24 W.

Conjeverantt a town of Hindooftan,
in the Carnatic. The ftreets are tole-
rably wide } and on each fide is a row

m a Mm-

\

grc«* •( *

)l I.oango,

ami B«n.
/ thr I'oT.
lundcil on

unknown,
r Atlmtic
•r ()uini'4 i
lAiiy letlle-
I ai in thr
lUny d«fcrt
lU aic clr-
mkifa, and
,«r Ihe ciMll
(1 thore are

palnvtri'ej,

4r« mad'-
ubitnnta go
\\\p the fun,

of diireretit
B have made
(• (kitful in
iiul trade in
1 tamarinds.
, is only I JO
, but i» 370
September it
wlicn it raini
\c rumm<r ii

hen the wm-

incipal r\ur%

/,a. The ca.

J, in Lariftan.
brought from
road i.i the
,t Lar. Lon.

of Piedmont,
tnamei with
e here iicon-
ofttory for .ill
rin and Nice,
mbardy, Swil-
It ijfoftrong
though fre-
French, they
796 it was de-
h, after their
oftagf; for the
^ and it fur-

|ini799' ,\V»

Iconflux of the

Turin. Lon.

Lf Hindooftan,

Veets are tole-

fide is a ro^

CON

of cucoa nut iree« The InhaWlanti
arc moll ut thrm Hr.imlni IwlonKinK to
iwolargttcmpkai therriialfo 4 Inult
in()rt)iir of vrry Htat wnrkmanlliip. It
It Iraifil ncjr iHr P.tlf-4r, a« ni K Arcot,

an I 44 Miiw Mudr.U.

( oHiglionf, 4 town of Sicily » In V'«| di
M.tx.ir.i, a » m » I'.ilcrmn.

I'oHil, A town <if >>pain, in Anil.«lii(lii,
on A (uy to whict) it k'^*'* n^mc Tlic
iiihahitanli arr iDUihiUKtRed in Alhii<i;,
cfpccialty for liinnic* i iirid hr.uitiinl
tryllallixed fulphur i« found here. It

II iH m »>K L'jdi/.

i''i»iH, A town of Poland, in the pa*
l4tin.ttfof Kdifch. leairdun the Warui,
iH nt -I by k (inrfcn.

CaHinxini, !\ town of Suahb, capital

III .1 ( «>(! ty uf ihe liiiie name, xq m n
Conllance.

i'oninjftoH, a vill.tt(e in Iluntrngdon-
iliirr, near Stilton. It hiii the ruinn of
4 1'ilitc I and i« fruted ut the hcitd of
the river which forma Ugmere, Brick-
mere, and Wittlefi-y-mere.
Ctuiibtrg ; lice KoHgjbtrjt,
CuHi/brough, a vilbge In W York-
ihire, 5 m aw Donc.iltcr. It uaa foi-
mrrly a place of note, and has lurgi; iv-
mains of an iincicnt c.iUle.

(Jtmjiofmertt a t.ike in LancaOtire,
6 m long and nearly orttf broad. Nt-ar
the hfitf of it, on the n w lidc, in the vil-
lage of Conidon, 3 m w by Hlluwkllicad.
Connaught,^ province of Ircl.ind, 1,^0
m loHK and K4 broad , bounded on the
I by Leinltcr and MtinlUr, » by the
Utter province, w and n by the At-
l.<ritlc, and nk by Ullicr. It contains
thecounticaof Galway. Lcitrim, Mayo,
Rofcommon, and Sligo. The chief
town is Oalway.

Cunntilicut, one of the United States
of America, 100 m long and 60 broad ;
bounded on the n by Mairuchufcts, v.
by Khode Ifland, w by New York, and
sby the Sound, which divides it from
Longldand. This country is the mod
populous, in proportion to its extent,
of any of the United States, and pro-
duces the necelTaries and conviiiicnces
of life in ahundauci'. The chief ex-
ports ar** horfes, mules, oxen, maize,
potdih, pcarladi, beef. porli,timbi'r, and
lumhcr. The principal rivers are the
Connedllcut, Houlhtonic, and Thames.
It contains the counties of Hartford,
Newhavcn, New London, Fairfnld,
Windham, Lichfield. Middkliix, and
TolUnd. In i8ia the numhcr of in-
habitants was 26i,(;4i. Hartford and
Newhaven arc the chief towns.

Connecticut, a river of New England,
which rifes in a Iw.ttnp on the n con-

CON

fines of Vermont 4n«l New IIsmp(1ilrr»
and taking a loiilhctly (torCSoti, ru^\»
Into I.tnig llhnd loiind llrlwrru WaU
pole and VVeftminnerarnltcfriMl falls,
over whichisa bridge. iA<^lert in length.
From its fuurce to il» mouth it t* up-
ward of (00 m k anil is navigable fiir
latge vcdi Is up to Hartford.

I'tiHor, a town of In-ltind, in ihe
county of Antrim, and. iinirrd lo Down,
a bilhop's Iriv The caih« dral was dr«
ftroyt'd in the rebel lion of iftai.but a

fiart is now ufrd as (he panlh church.
t IS A in N Antrim.
( «»fwr/, II town of I'r.tncr, In the de>

Eartmrnt ol rinifterrr, with a good bar*
our and road. It Is 1 a m w hrcit.

i'o^j/.uUt a town of Sil< lit, in the
principality of Orli, 21 m .vk ilrieg.

Vonjhnri, a forlifii^d city of Siiabiti
and lately a bithop's fee t (r'.itrd tin iht
!• lidi' of thr Rhine, betwerti the upper
and lower lakes of CoiilUncc. Though
once Hourifhing In commrrre, and ce-
lebrnted in hillory, it now li-.irccly con-
taint 4000 inhabitants. Ctnitance ii
famoni for a council, in tji4. which
caul'ed John Ilufs and Jerome of Prague
to be burnt ; and lih'wlfc condemned
the dot'lrinc of Wlcklil", and «)rderrd
hlH bones to be burned 40 years after he
wan dead. In 1787, about .^ro omi-
grantH from (»»mi.'va w. re f«*ttled herr,
by cmptTiir Jofcph 11, who grinted
the'n the fccularizi-d convent of the
Uuminicaus, t' na manuf i^lurc of print-
ed linens. The French took podVllion
of this cityin i?t)6; and in 180;, it u.is
ccd»;d, by the treaty of Prelburjf, to the
elfeUor of Baden. It is 35 m nkZo ch.
Lon. 97 k, lat. 47 38 V.

i'onlinnce. Lake tift the moft con •
nderablc lake of SwiHtrlaiul, which «l
fcparates from Siubiu, that pat ex-
cepted where the city of C'onfUnce is
r.?ated on its s lule. It is divided into
three p.^rts. The upper and large ft part
is called Boden Sei- ; the middle p.u t it
named Biidni-r See ; and the lower part
Unt<T See, Zi .l-r Sef, or the lake of
Zell The upper lake is 37 m louf; and
1 5 in its grcatell breadth. Through thic
lake the Rhine flows, and then enters
the Zcller See, which is 16 m • igand
I (J in its grcatell bn adth. Li^e all the
lakes in Swillcrland, thin i» dc'<'pcr in
lumnu'r than in winter ; which is owing
to the fnft melting of the Inow from tt?
adjnccnt mountains.

Caujlanthhi, a town of Spain, in An-
daluiia, with a cattle on a m >untain, 40
m N K Seville.

Con/iantina, the eaftern province of
the kingdom of Algiers, and the largrft

V

i ^'1

1.1

'i.

<■%

'■ 5i

CON

■nd richf ft of the four, i is governed
by a bey, who pays an anminl tribute
I to the dey of Algiers. The greatcft
part along the coalt in mou.itainous. In
th(* mountnini dwell frco Arabian and
Mooiifli tribes, of whom thr Cabyl^ iire
deemed the moil turbulent and crntl.
As thefo frre ninuntiiineers poffVfs a
fuperfliiily of oil, funp, dried fige, and
timber; the {government of Alj^ierp,
which fliuulH in need of thefe articles,
is olj|ig*-d in many thinpa lo (how in-
duljrencc to thoic tribes. See 7.nab.

i'onfiantina, a city of the kingdom
of Algiers, capita) of the province of the
lame name. It is fiated at die top of
a high hill, and entered toward the
N over a ftupcndons lloman bridge,
having three rows of lofty aiches. Ffere
are many Roman Antiquities, particu-
larly a triumphal arch ; and in tin- vi-
cinity are numerous remains of ihir
ancient Cirta. Next to Alf:iers, this
city is the niofl: populous in the king-
dom. The chief articles for trade arc
corn, wax, hidcH, fine wool, camels
hair, oflricli feathers, tallow, goat a\id
flicep fliins, beeves, fliecp, horfes, and
mules. It is feated on the Rummtl,
J90 m £ bys Algiers. Lon. 6 24 e, lat.
36 7,4 N.

CotiJhi/iti>io/>/r, one of the largtd ci-
ties in Europe, and the capital of the
Turkifli empire. It is of a triangular
form ; and featc' between the Bhick Tea
and the Archipelago, on a neck of land
that advances toward Natolia, from
which it is feparatcd by a flrait a mile
in breadth. The fea of Marmora waflies
its walls on the s, and a gulfof the ftrait
of Conflaritinople does the fame on the
NE. It was anciently called Byzantium,
but the name was changed by Con.
ftantine the great, who made it the feat
of the Roman empire in the eaft. It
was taken, in 1-^5.3, by the Turks, who
have kept pofleflion of it ever fince.
The grand fignior's palace, called the
Seraglio, is on the fcafide, furrounded
by walls flanked with towers, and fe-
parated from the city by canals. It
ilands on the fite of ancient Byzan-
tium, the E point of the prefent city,
and is 3 m in circumference, con-
fining of an afTcmblage of palaces
and apartments placed by the fide of
one another, without fymmetry and
without order. The principal entrance
of this palace is of marble, and is calh'd
Capi, that h, the Port (or gate) a name
ufed frequently to exprefs the couit, or
the empire. The cattle of Seven Tow-
ers is a itate prifon, and ftands near the
fea of Marmora, at the w point of the

CON

city from the feraglio; and .it the nw
point, wit^out the walls, is the imperial
palace of Aijnb, with a vilhge of the
fame name. The number of houfes in
Conftanfinople is prodigious ; hut, in
g( neral, they are mean, and all of them
conflrufted of wood, and the roofs co-
vend with hollow tiles. The public
edifices alone are built in mafonry in
a viry (iilid manneT. The flreets arc
narrow, badly pav-d, and dirty; and
the people ;irc infeiiod vviih the plague
alinoft tv(ry ye;ir. The inhnbifant;),
eftimatfd at 520,000, are half Turks,
two thirds of the other half Greeks and
Armenians, and the reft Jows and Franks.
Iferrarea^reat number of ancient morni.
mentfi ftill remaining; parUcuUrly the
fiiperb temple of St. Sopiiia, built in
the fixth century, which is converted
Into a mofque, and will contain ioo,coo
perfons conveniently. Between the two
in<)f(]urs of fult^n Snlyman and B-JJ-izit
is the old fenglio, in which are Hiut up
the wives of the deceafed fultans, and
alfo fuch women as have difpleafed ti:e
grand lignior. The baz.nrs refemble a
row of booths in a fair, and others a
ftreet of (hop?!, which are feverally alloS
ted to particular trades ar^' merchandife.
The bt/efleins are large fquuK buildings,
covered with domes, fiipported by ar-
cades, and contain all forts of goods,
which are there expofed to fale. There
is a market for flaves of both fexes ; and
the Jews are the principal merchants,
who bring them here for fale. A great
number of girls are brought from Hun-
gary, Greece, Candia, Circaflia, MIii-
grelia, and Georgia, and fold to the
Turks. The great fquare, near the
mofque of fidtan Bajazet, is the place
for public cuverfions. The fountains and
public baths are numerous. The gulf
on the NH of the city, called the Golden
Horn, is the harbour, which runs up
tVom the point of the fsrnglio to the
village of Aijub, about 4 m in length
and half a mile where broadtft. Aijub
may .^e reckoned one of the fuburbs,
and has a mofque, in which is the tomb
of fultan Othman, the founder of the
empire. The fuburbs of Galata and
Pera are on the other fide of the harbour.
The former extends along theentunce
of the harbour, and is chiefly occupied
by merchants; and adjoining it on the
E is an arfenal and cannon foundery,
called Tophara. Per?, ftands behind
thele (m an eminence, and, having fre-
quently fuffered by fire, is now chiefly
built with (tone. It is the place where
the foreign ambafladors rcfide; and
here, as well as in Galata, are fevcral

houfes wher
and even 1
loxicate th<
HOW allowcc
not even the
and it is u\,l\
the city, to
j.ii'iiriry, ill (
circurnfeienc
i4 vv'ith the
they are built
dually, there
town from t
rounded by v
tliere mixed
by iso towei
lix on the lane
the harbour
mofques, bag
arc many of
700 m s E Viei
41 I N.

^onjiantinopi
the Thracian
the communic
pontis or fea
Eiixine or Blac
Md a mile ;
broadeft ; and f
between Europ
trance on the w
tinople, and on t
i!s banks are lin
are feen fome
'imoft entirely
rioully painted :
. Turks are in \
the Greeks, An
"f a blackifli bi
allowed to em
Moofelmins. j.
Black fea are tw
other, to defend

Podolia, on the
Chmielnik, and ;

volhinia, on the
I'^Lucko. Lon

inj"/"'^''^* ate
I'^^Wp. Hm se
(^ontejh, a feap
l«y. Ill Macedo
Isanic, at the infli
lf«.l'y N Salon
l^antinople. Lon
J Untrcs, a totvr
iP^tment of Loir
■Slois.

I ^onty, a town

ImmentofSomra
|!t m ssw Amiena

prradjBari, ^

I

at the NW

he imppri!^!

ige of the

f'honfi'8 in

s ; hot, in

all of them

le roofs co-

Thf p"hlic

mafonry in

: nrccts are

dirty; ami

, the plague

inhabitant'',

half Tnrks,

i Greeks and

8 and Franks.

iiciontmonii-

♦.icuUrly the

nia, built in

is converted

ntain 100,000

ween the two

I and B.t.j^zi.t

:h are iliut up

\ fnltans, and

difpleaf'^'l the

;r8 rofemble a
and others a

feveral'y aVmt-

' merchandife.

uuu bnildings,

sported by ar-

Drti of goods,

ofale. There

oth fexes ; and
lal merchants,
fale. A great

Uht from lliin-
ircaflia, Min-

id fold to the
lare, near the

•t, is the place

|e fountains and
;)us. The gulf
jled the Golden
which runs up
fevaglio to the
4 m in length
•oadcft. A'jub
,f the fuburbs,
,ich 13 the tomb
[founder of the
of Galata and
of the harbour.
,,g theennance
Ihiefly occupied
bining it on the
mon foundery,
ftands behind
,nd, having fre-
is now chiefly
he place where
Irs rcfide; and
lata, are feveral

CON

houft'9 where European failors, Greeks,
and even Turks, go to drink and in-
toxicate theniltlves. Isio foreigner is
now allowed to rcfule 111 the city itfcif,
notevfiu the minilter of a friendly nation;
and it is abfolutcly nciceflTary, in viliting
the city, to procure the* protcilion of a
jaiiiiniry, in order to prevent infult. The
circumference of thij city is 12 m, and
;4 with the fubuihs included; and as
they arc built 011 ground which riles gra-
dually, there is a viev/ of the whohi
town from the fen. The city is fur-
rounded by walls of freeftone, here and
there mixed with bricks, and 11. inked
by 450 towers; it has alfb 22 g itcs,
lixon the landiide and the reft toward
the harbour and fea. The palaces,
mofques, bagnios, and caravaufarics,
arc many of them magnificent. It is
700 m sE Vienna. Lon. 28 5/; e, lat.

41 I N.

Confiantinoplet Strait of, anciently
the Thraclan Bofphorus, and forming
the communication between the Pro-
pontis or fea of Marmora, and the
Eiixine or Black fea. It is 20 m long
and a mile and a quarter where
broadeft ; and forms the feparation here
between Europe and Afia. At its en-
irance on the w fide is fituate Conftan-
tinople, and on the other, Scutari. Both
its banks are lined with villages, where
are feen fome very handli)me houfes,
jimoft entirely built of wood and va-
riouily painted : thofe belonging to the
Turks are in white or red; thofe of
the Greeks, Armenians, and Jews, are
of a blackifli brown, for they are not
allowed to employ the colours of the
Moofelmins. At its termin-ition in the
Black fea are two forts, oppofite each
other, to defend the pafiage.

Conjiantinoivt a town of Poland, in
Podolia, on the river Bog, 8 m sw
Chmielnik, and 73 ne Kaminieck.

Conjfantinow, a town of Poland, in

Volhinia, on the river Selucza, no m

lELucko. Lon. 27 20 H, lat. 49 58 n.

Confuej^ra, a town of Spain, in New

Caftile, 34 m SE Toledo.

ConteJ/'a, a fcaport of European Tur-
key, ill Macedonia, on a gulf of its
tame, at the influx of the Strimon, 60
m B liy N Salonichi, and 240 w Con-
hntinople. Lon. 24 8 e, lat. 40 52 n'.
^ontres, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Loir and Cher, 10 m se
3lois.
Qonty, a town of France, in the de-
jattmentof Somme, feated ontheSeille,
\t, m ssw Amicna.
Converfano, a town of Naples, in
terra di fiari, 1 2 m sb Bari.

COP

Cunwai/, a river of Wales, which
ifTues from a lake in Mcrlonethftiire,
flows through a fertile vale of the fame
name, along the whole eaflirn border
of Carnarvonfliirc, and ciitora the Irifli
fea at Abercoiiway.

Con- n, a town of N.iple,"?, in Princt-
pato Ultra, and an archliilh^p's fee.
It was I'o rre.^tly ruined by an tarth-
qwakc in 1694. that the plarc where the
catiiedrrd itood is hardly known. Its
principal commerce is in r.i.irble. ft is
52 m E Naples. Lou 15 ,35 E, l.-xt.
40 50 N.

('oot fnfet, an extrnfivf' nrm of the
fea, on the iiw coaft of Amcrici, dif-
cov(fred, in 1778, l)y c.ipt;iin Cook,
\v!io tr.iced it 70 leagues northward from
its entrance, in Ion. ts2 w. It was
further explored, in \79\, by captain
Vancouver, who found it* termination
to be in lon. t48 43 \*', lal 61 29 w.
Tlie Rullians have formed fome fettle-
ments on the w and n coaOs.

(Jof)i l^trait, a li:r.iit dividing the two
iflands of which New Zci.land iscom-
pofed ; it is about four kagu^s broad.

Cooperjioivn, a town of New York,
chief of Otli'go county. It isfiiuate at
the sw end and the outlet of Lake
Olftgo, 7.^ m w by n Albany. Lon.
74 .58 w, iat. 42 36 N.

Coos, an ifland in the Archipelago,
56 m to the Nw of Rhodes, fubjcit to
the Turks. Lon. 27 44 e, lat. 37 i w.

V/'ooj Bey liar, a town of Hindooftan,
in Bengal. Its diftritt, on the confines
ofBootan, exhibits a melancholy proof
of two fads frequently united ; the
great facility of obtaining food, and the
wretched indigence of the lower order
of inhabitants. It is fituate on the
Toorflia, 160 m nne Moorlhedabad.
Lon. 8g 34 E, lat. 26 18 N'.

Coo/aiuatc/iif, a town of S Carolina,
capital of Beaufort diftrid. It is feated
on the Coofa, over which is a bridge, 20
m Nw Beaufort, and 60 WbW Charlefton.
Lon. 80 30 w, lat. 32 45 n.

Co/'fn/ia^en, the capital of Denmark,
with a univerii* ;. It is the beft built
city of the non , ; and owes its princi-
pal beauty to a five ill 1728, and an-
otlicr in 1794. At th'i latter, the royal
palace of Chriftianburg, built by Chrif-
tian VI, one of the mod commodious
and mod fumptuouOy futnilhed in Eu-
rope, was dellrnyed. The new parts
of the town, raifcd by Frederic v, con-
filt of an oiflagoii, containing four uni-
form palaces, with two pavilio is to
each, occupied by the royal family;
and of four broad ftreets, leading to it
in oppofite diredions : in the middle of

nit ' A

(■• ,'.

f' i 'r.§

f

'1 ' j-u-

ml }Um

COP

the area is an cqueftrian ftatue of ihat
king in bronze- The new royal market
is the largcft fquare in the city, and al-
moft entirely compofed of (lately build-
ings ; as, the academy of painting and
fcuipture, the theatre, the great hotel,
the artillery houfe, &c. and in the
centre is a marble equeftrian ftatiie of
Chriftian v. The grcaieft part of the
buildings arc of brick ; and a few are
of freeftone. The palaces of the nobi-
lity are in general fplendid, and orna-
mented in the Jfalian ftyle of architec-
ture. Here are manuf-idtiires of beau-
tiful porcebin, fugnr, flik, cotton,
woollen cloth, canvas, and leather. The
haven is always crowded with Ihips ;
and the Itreets arc interfecHetl by canals,
which bring the mcrchandifc clofe to
the warehoull'S that line the quays.
Contiguous to the harbour arc leveral
iJland8,dtuominated Holms, upon which
are dock-yards, containing every thing
necp/rary for the building and equip-
ment of fliips of war. The citadel is a
regular fortificaiinn, with five baftions,
n double ditch full of water, and feverai
advanced works. The round tower,
built by Chriftian iv for an obfcrvatory,
is a lofty ftru^ure ; and the greatcflt
part of its afcerit is, by a fpiral road,
near 14 feet wide, that a carriage can
go up and down. In the n fuburbs is
a. large obelifk of reddilh (tone, ercdtcd
in tv93 by the city, to the honour of
Chriftian vii, on his abolifhing valTal-
ago; and around its pedeftal are four
female figures of white marble. Four
m to the Nw is Fredericfburg, the
molt con fiderablecaftle belonging to the
royal family, with a fuperb chapel, in
which the kings are crowned. Copen-
hagen at the end of the year 1799 con-
tained 83,618 inhabitants. In 1807 a
Britiih fleet arrived here, and required
the lunendcr of the fliips of war in its
harbour, to prevent the French getting
pofiVffiun of them ; not being given up,
the city was bombarded till it fnrrender-
ed ; and nil the velTels and ftores being
fcnt ofFfor England, thecitywasabandon-
cd by the Britilli. Copenhagen is 5
m in circumference, feated on the E
(hore of the ifle of Zealand, 340 m sw
Stockholm, and 500 ne London. Lon.
X3, 35 E, lat. 55 41 N. See Amak.

Lr,/,t, A town of Mifigrelia fituate on
the Black fca, at the mouth of a river of
the fame name, 50 m s;jvi Ruki.

(Jopinpo, a leaport of Chili, capital of
a province abounding in mines of gold,
copper, fuiphur, and fodile (all. The
town is regularly built, and Itands on the
4 fide of the Franclfco, at its entrance
\

COR

into the Pacific ocean, aoo m n by b
Coquimbo Lon. 70 13 w, lat. 27 k; s.

(Jopllowuatz, a town of European
Turkey, in Buit,aria. Lon 36 35 e,
lat. 46 40 N.

Cof)oria, a town of Ruflia, in Tngria,
at the mouth of a river of the fame
name, 50 m w Peterfburg.

Coppenbruffe, a town of Wedphalia,
in the county of Spigelberg, 10 m e by
N Hamelin.

Coppett a town of SwifTerland, with
acaftle, on the lake of Geneva, 10 m
N Geneva.

Coqutti a river of England, which
rifes on the borders of Scotland, croHcg
the Centre of Northumberland, and en-
ters the German ocean, at Wark worth.
Oppofite its mouth is a fmall ifland of
the lame name.

Coquimbo y or Serena^ a feaport of
Chili, capital of the province of Co-
quimbo, rich in corn, wine, and fniit,
and mines of gold and filver. The (Irefti
are (liaded with fig-trees, palms, oranges,
olives, &c. always green. It ftaiids
near the mouth of the river Coquimbo,
260 m N by E Valparayfo. Lon. 71 14
w, lat. 30 1 s. /

Coracihie; fee Cretchey.

Corah, a town of Hindooftan, in Al-
lahabad, on a river that flows into the
Jumna, 98 m nw Allahabad. Lon.

80 45 K, lut. 26 7 N.

Coram, a town of New York, in
Suffolk county, Long ifland, 10 m s
Smithtown.

Corbaclh a town of Germany, capital
of the county of Waldeck. It is divid-
ed into the old and new town, and near
it, on a mountain, is the caftle of Eifen-
berg. The Hanoverians were defeated
here by the French in 1760. It is feated
on the Itter, 22 m w CalTel. Lon. 9 i
E, lat. 51 16 N.

Corbeck, a town of the Netherlands,
in Brabant, 3ms Louvain.

Corbeil, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Seine and Oife, feated on
the Seine, at the influx of the Juine, 17
m s Paris.

Corbie, a town of France, in the oc-
partment of Somme, with a celebrated
Bencdidtine abbey, fcate-' on the Somme,
10 m F Amiens.

Corbieres, a town of Swi(rerland, in
the canton of Friburg, 10 m « Friburg-

Corbigny, a town of France, in the
department of Nievre, near the river
Gonne, 30 m N e Ncvers.

Corby, a town in Lincolnfhire* with
market on Thurfday, 13 m u Stamford
and loa n by w London

Corcan ; fee Jorjan.

^ordillt

fia, and a

Romans b

circumfcre

many orch

walls. Tl

h'gious ho,

the cathed

when the

and ft ill eel

The fquare,

fu Hounded

ai'e piazzas

wi'^f'f (illc, ;

con(icIfrable

boiirlio )d ar

and lemon tr

hor^e^ in Sp;

the Guadalq

old bridgi'j j

3SW Madrid.

TlafcaJ.1, and

many fugar a

<liices abunda

"car the Blar

lakoof Alvarac
and 73 E by s

Cordova, ar
J^an* with fo
convent. It \
Buenos Ayres,
"> Potofi. It
Eftero. Lon. (
^ortot a pen
between China
thcNbyEafter
»nd ifles of Jai
1}Y the Yel
(ne principal p
ginfehg, gold,
Mftor and fabh
Jiioll equal to
imd of paper tr
hers of whales
"le coaft toward
^■■c well made,
tradable. They
™"fiG, and fliow
quiring the fdcn
to with ardour,
fliftinguiffr ^ fro
P'umesof. ^he
[""eii-caps. The
"'"ting, drefs, re
iff .of their cuftc
l/'ie'r women ai
I ''o'e in China, ,■
PPcanng in cor

ffr children w
N'nCorea,thej

)0 m N by B
, lat. a7 II) s.
>f European
•n 36 35 B,

na, in InRria,
of the fame

F Weflphalia,
•g, 10 m E by

flerland, with
Geneva, 10 m

gland,

whidi
o'lland, croH'fJ
viand, and en-
It Warkwovth.
finall ifland of

, a feaport of
ovince of Co«
pine, and frait,
ler. Theftreeti
palms, oranges,
>en. It ftaiich
iver Coquimbo,
fo. Lon. 7 1 14
/

ndooftan, in Al-
It flows into the
lahabad. Lon.

New York, in
ifland, 10 m £

Jermany, capital
eck. It is divid-
r town, and near
lecaftleofEifen-
ns were defeated
760. Itisfeated
:aflcl. Lon. 9 i

the Netherlands,

uvain.

ranee, inthede-
Oife, feated on
ofthejuine, 17

.ranee, intheiiC-
with a celebrated
tc-' in the Somrae,

of Swiflerland, in|
lomsFriburg.
of France, in the
near the nverj

incolnfhire,with .
13 m N Stamford^
don

COR

Cordilleras ; fee Andes.
C'trdova, a ci'y of Spain, in Andalu-
fia, and a bilhop'n fee, known 1 > the
Romans by (he name o! Conluba. The
circumftrenee is larpe, but there .nre
many orchards and gard tm within the
walls. The palaces, churches, and re-
ligious houf«'8 are fuperb, p.irticiii.irly
the cathedral, which was a nKdqijc,
when the Moors poirrlled the town,
and ftlll retains the nauu* of Me/quita.
The fquare, called the Plaza Mnjor, ij
furroundcd by fii.o houfcs, under which
are piazzas. The trade confills in
wine, (ilk, and leather; l)Ut is not fo
confidcrablc as formerly. In the neifh-
boiirlio id arp a v.ifl: nuiTi'icr of oraiij'e
and lemon trees ; and lure are the bd):
horfcs in Spain. Cordova is feated i;n
the Guadalquiver, over which is a fine
old bridg''. He? m Nt; Seville, and 190
3SW Madrid. Lon. 4 34 w, lat. 37 51 n.
Cordova, a town of New Sp.iin, in
TIafcala, and a bifliop's fee. Here are
many fugar mills, and the vicinity pro-
ducts abund.incc of tobacco. It ftands
near the Blanco, which flows to the
iakfiof Alvarado, 45 m wsw Vera Cruz,
and 73 E by s Puebla.

Cordova, an epilcopal town of Tueu-
man, with Tome monaftcries, and a
convent. It has a great trade with
Buenos Ayres, and fends cotton cloth
to Potofi. It is a6o m s St. Jago del
Eftero. Lon. 65 15 w, lat. 3a lo s.

Coreat a peninfula of Afia, extending
between China and Japan ; bounded on
the N by Eaftern Tartary, e by the fea
2nd ifles of Japan, s by the ocean, and
w by the Yellow fea and Leao tong.
The principal produdls are wheat, rice,
ginfchg, gold, filver, iron, foffil, fait,
caftor and fable Ikins, a yellow virnifh
alraoll: equal to gilding, and a p culiar
kind of paper made of cotton- Num-
bers of whales are annually found on
the coaft toward the nr. The Corcans
ire well made, ingenious, brave, and
traitable. They are fond of dancing and
muflG, and fliow great aptnels for ac
I quiring the fciences, which they apply
I to with ardour. Men of learning arc
|diftinguiftr-< from other people by two
I plumes of . »hcr8, which they wear in
llheircaps. They have borrowed their
Iwriting, drefs, religion, and the greater
jpartoftheireuftoms, from the Chinefe.
jThelr women are lefs confined than
Ithofe in China, and have the liberty of
Ijppcaring in company with the o tr
I'M; In CI ina, parents often marry
llheir children without their confent ;
Iwtin Corea, they choofe for themfelves.

C (J 11 M

They never bury their dead ti|| thre«
years after their deccafc, bur keep them
in coffins f ^r that timi" The kingdom
of Corea is commonly reckoned aoo
leagues from n to s, and 100 from e to
vv. The kins '>^8 abiblute authority
over his fiilje'ls, but is himfcif tribu-
tary to China. It is divided into eight
province.^, which contain 93 cities of
llir firit rank, 58 of the fecund, and 70
of the tl'ird. Kiang-hi-tau is the capi-
tal. Lon. 1164a K, i.it. ,^738 Nf.

Conllti, a town of Spiin, in Na"arre,
on the Alhami, u m w Tudela, and
44 ii P,in»plori,i.

Cfnfj CfiJ/ld, a borough in Dorfetfliire,
with a market on Thurfday. It is fcat-
•<i in a peninfula called the Ide of Pur-
beck, on a liver between two hi-lls, on
one of which Hands the cadle, where
king Edward the martyr was (tabbed at
the inftigation of his mother-in-law. It
has a large church, which ia a royal pe-
culiar, not liable to any cpifcopal jurif-
dii!lion. Great quantities of tine clay
and (lone are (hipped here. The town
is governed by a mayor, and every al-
derman that has ferved the office has the
title of baron. It is 21 m £ Dorcheftcr,
and 116 w by s London. Lor. a 4 w,
lat. 5036 N.

Corfu, an ifland in the Mediterranean,
near the coaft of Albaiiia, lately fubjedt
to the Venetians, and the moft import-
ant place they had in thefe parts. Here
is made a great quantity of fait ; and it
abounds with vineyards, lemons, and
olives. It was taken by the French in
1797, and by the Turkilh and Rudian
fleet in 1799. It now conftitutes a part
of the republic of Seven Iflands. The
capital is of the fame name, on the K
coaft, with a handlbme metropolitan
church of the Greeks, a ftrong caftlc,
and a good harbu'.ir. Lon. 19 50 e,
lat. 39 36 N.

Corga, a country of Hindooftan,
fltuate among the weftern Gauts, be-
tween Canari and My fore. It is go-
verned by a rajah, and the inhabitanti
are a divifion of the Nayrs.

Coriut acity of Spain, inEftremadura,
anl a bifhop's fee. In the vicinity are
medicinal fpringo. It is feated on the
Alagon, lao m wsw Madrid. Lon.
6 16 vv, lat. 39 56 N.

Carta, a town of Spain, inAndalufia,
feated on the Guadalquiver, 10 m savtr
Seville.

Corinth, or Corantho, a town of Eu-
ropean Turkey, in Morea, and a Greek
archbiihop's fee, with a caftle. It was
one of the moft important cities in
N

'.i::

l.,<,"tl

mi'&m

I 'i^ ' (

mm

COR

Crcecp, on account of its filuaiton on
the ifthmiis inti) Morc.i ; its caftle on
the top of an almoft iriacLcfTtblc' rock ;
its li.trboiirs on thf gnlfs of I rpanto
and Engiii ; its riches, ,\m\ its nrchlti'«5t8,
fcniptors, and painters. It once be-
lont',t'd to the Venetians, but the Turks
hecanK" maftcrs of h in 1715- It is
now greatly decayed ; for the houfes
arc not contiguous, but intermixed
with fields and pardcns, wliich m;ikc
it look like a village. It is 60 m w
Athens. Lon. 2a 5+ r., lat. 38 3 w.

Corinth, Ijihmus of, a neck of land
which joins Morea to Livadia, and
reaches from the gulf of Lepanto to
that of Engia. Vhe narroweft part of it
is 6 m over ; and on a mount here, called
Oncius, were formerly celebrated the
Ifthmian games. There are ftill the
ruins of a town upon it, and of the
temples dedi''atcd to the Sun, Pluto,
Diana, Neptune, Ceres, and Bacchus.
Julius Cefar, Caligula, and Nero, in
vain attempted to cut a channel through
the iUhmut ; they therefore built a wall
acntfs it, culled Hexamilium, becaufe
it was 6 m in length. This was de-
moliflied by Amurath 11, rebuilt by the
Venetians, and levelled a fccond time
by Mohamcd 11.

Corita, a town of Spain> in Lejn, 23
m E Salamanca.

Cork, a county of Ireland, in the pro-
vince of Munfter, 80 m long and 50
broad ; bounded on the w by Kerry
and the Atlantic, n by Limerick, b by
Waterford, and s by St. George chan-
nel. It fends eight members to parlia-
ment, is divided into 232 parifhes, and
has about 416,000 inhabitants. It is
very fertile, and has two confiderable
rivers, the Blackwater and Lee.

Cor/i, a city of Ireland, capital of the
county of Cork, and a bifliop's fee
united with Rcfs. It ftands on an ifland
in the rivor Lee, over which are two
ftone bridge's. Veflels of 120 tons may
come up to the quays, but thof»- of
heavier burden unload at Weft P.iflage,
6 m below ; and the largeft veflels
generally anchor a few miles lower in
a fafe and commodious harbour called
the Cove, which is defended by a ftrong
fort. The cathedral was built, between
1725 and 1735, by the produce of a
duty on coal ; and tliere are fix other
parish churches. It fends two members
to parliament, and the inhabitants are
eftimated .^t near ico,ooo. Cork fur-
paffes all the towns in Ireland for trade,
except Dublin. The exports confift
chiefly of beef, pork, bidesi 'tallow^

COR

and butter. It was taken by the earl of
M.irlborough in 1690. It is 14 m from
St. George channti, and 150 sw Dub-
lin. Lon. 8 at w, Ut. 51 54 n-

( 'or/in, a tovn of Further Ponierania,
with a caftle, and confiderable wnollcn
manufacHures ; featcd on the Pcriant,
10 m ."IK Col berg.

Cormantin, a town of Guinea, on the
Gold coaft, large and populous. Here
tlic Dutch have a foit. Lon. o 15 w,
lat. <; 30 N.

Cormery, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Indre and Loire, with a
Bonedidine abbey, fcated bn the Indre,
8 m St. Tours.

Corna, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
Inik, feated at the angle formed by the
jundion of thcTigris with the Euphrates,
35 m wNW BafTora.

Cometo, a town of Italy, in the patri-
mony of St. Peter, feated on the Marta,
3 m E of the sea, and 10 n Civita
Vecchia.

Cornhlll, a town of the county of
Durham, in Norhamfliire, feated near
the Tweed, over which it has a large
bridge to Coldftream, in Scotland. It
is la m sw Berwick, and ^'^'h nijw
London.

Cornigliano, a town of Italy, in Mi-
lanefe, 15 m k Milan.

Cormual/, a county that forms the
sw extremity of England, bounded on
the E by Devonfliire, s by.the Englifli
channel, and nw by St. George chan-
nel. Its length from e to w is 80 m ;
its breadth next to Devonihire is 48,
but it foon contratfls, and at Falmouth
does not exceed 14 ; it then fprcads a
little to the s and sw, and terminates
in two pointSs one of which is called the
Lizard, and the other the LandB-end.
It contains 900,480 acres; is divided
into nine hundreds, and 213 parifhes; hat
37 market-towns; and fends 44memberi
to parliament. The number of inhabit-
ants was 188,269 in 1801, and 216,667
in i8ii. The vicinity of the fea exempli
it from hard frofts, and fnow neve • lies
long on the ground. The foil is not very
fruitful, efpecially in the centre on the
hilly parts ; the valleys yield plenty of
grals, and the lands near the lea produce
corn. It has plenty of fea-herbs, and
fbme other plants peculiar to its infuiar
fituation. The piincipal rivers are the
Tam.ir and Camel. It derives its chief
importance from its minerals. The
mines of tin and copper are numerous,
and in general v-rry rich in ore ; and
there are Ibme of lead. With the me- |
talline ores are intermixed large quan-

tities of

forts of

p.trticiil.i

both in

vvlien po

ft'I than

many cavi

found trai

diamonds

duke of

vcmie, not

to the due

and coppei

town, but

Cornwat

Nova Scoti

64 15 W, I;

Coro ; /('(

Coroniaui

coaft of th(

'•xtending I

There is n(

the whole c(

ftndy count

pal town.

Coron, a
key, in Mor
to which it
was cannoua
a great part i
E Modon. I
Coronation,
ofNewCalec
Lon. 167 8 K
Corregio, a
dcnefe, with ,
^orrexe, a
containing the
^t takes its n;
flows by Tu
Vezere. Tu
Corrientes,
a fort, fcatec
rana, at the
490 m N Bucn
iat. 27 30 s.

^orj/jam, a i_
market on VV
derable wooJIc
mf-NK Bath,
Corf.ca, an
"nean, feparat
pn the s, by t
's '50 m from
50 in breadth,
ancient Greeks
and Cyrnus, .in
Pi-cfent appella
many excellent
taiiious, but fr
'Peried ; and ft
"vers. In the .
I lamous for its A
"luces vaft quan

the earl of
1 4 vn from
o sw Dub-

Poincrani.i,
[)lc wtiollcn
he Perlaiit,

inca, on the
Ions. Ikrc
on. 015 w,

:e, in lh<* tlc-
nirt", with a
un the Indre,

c Turkey, in
ixvcwA by the
he Euphrates,

, in the pntri-

o» the Marta,

10 N Civita

he county of

e, teatt'cl near

it has a large

Scotland. It

and 333 Nn^v

)f Italy, in Mi-

that fornrts the

id, bounded on

by,the Englifii

George chan-

. to w is 80 m ;

ivonlbire i» 4^*

fnd at Falmouth

then rpreads a

and terminates

lich is called the

the Lands-end.

cres; is divided

ki3parifties;ha»

'nds 44memberi

imber of inhabit-

[01, and 216,667

(fthefea exempt!

1 fnow neve' lies

,'he foil is not very

he centre on the

} yield plenty of

ir the lea produce

bf fea-herbs, and
[liar to its infular
pal rivers are the
' derives its chiet
, minerals. The
Lr are numerous,
rich in ore ; and
With the me-
iixed large quan-

COR

titles of miindic and arfioic Many
Inrls of ftones arc alio found licrc,
pMificiiIarly nK)f)rn-oiie, which is iifcd
both in buililin};.. and for millllonc!) :
when poliflicd it appears more beauti-
ful than any v,f (he marbUr kind. In
many cavernous parts of the rocks are
found tranlpariMit cryftala, called Coriiilh
diamond;). Thr king's eldcft fon is born
duke of Cornwall, and derives a re-
venue, not only from lands npptrtaining
to the duchy, InU from the miinsoftin
and copp<;r. Liiinctllon is the county
town, but Falmouth is the largcft.

(Jornivollis, a town on the w coafl of
Nova Scotia, 41 m nw Halifax. Lun.
64 15 vv, lat. 45 10 N.
Coro ; (i'c 1'cntx.uela.
Coroniaitde!, Conji of, the eaflern
coaft of the peiiiiifuli of Hindooflaii,
extending between 10 and ifi n lat.
There is not a port for larjic fliips on
the whole coall, whicli is an even, low,
faiidy country. Madras is the princi-
pal town.

Corortf a feaport of European Tur-
key, in Morea, on the w fide of a bay
to which it gives name. In 1770 it
was cannonaded by the Ruffians, and
a great part is Hill in ruins. It is 15 m
E Modon. Lon. at 46 e, lat. 36 /i^ n.
Coronation, Cape, a cape of Hic iflaud
of New Caledonia, in the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 167 8 E, lat. zz 5 s.

Corregioi a town of Italy, in Mo-
denefe, with a caftle, 9 m nne Rcggio.
Correze, a department cf France,
containing the late province of Limofin.
It takes its name from a river, which
flows by Tulles and Brives. into the
Vezere. Tulles is the capital.

Corrientesy a town of Paraguay, with
a fort, feated on the e fide of the Pa-
rana, at the influx of the Paraguay,
490 m N Buenos Ayres. Lon. 59 0 w,
lut. 27 30 s.

Corjlmm, a town'in Wiltdiire, with a
market on Wednefday, and a conli-
derable woollen manufadluie. It is 9
m F.NE Bath, and 97 w London.

Corfxa, an ifland in the Mediter-
ranean, feparated from that of Sardinia,
on the 8, by the ftrait of Bonifacio. It
is 150 m from N to s, and from 40 to
50 in breadth. It was known to the
ancient Greeks by the names of Catllfta,
and Cyrnus, and to the Romans by itii
prefent appellation. On the coaft ar^
many excellent harbours. It ii moun-
tainous, but fruitful valleys are inter-
fperled ; and it has fome fine lakes and
rivers. In the earlieft times it has been
famous for its fwarms of bees, and pro-
duces vaft quantities of honey, which,

COR

however, is rcclsoned bitter, on arcount
of the box ..lid yew with which the
country abounds. The mountains arc
rich in lead, iron, copper, and fiber ;
and there are alfo mines of alum and
faltpetrc. The granite of Corlica is
nearly equal to the oritntil ; pmphy*
ries, jtfper, talc, amianthcs, emOralds,
and other precious ftones, arc found
feattertd in the mountains ; and i\w s
coaft al)onnds with bcjiutiful coral.
This ifland was, fV)r fome centuries,
mider the dominion of the Oenoefe,
whofe tyranny was fuch, that the Cor-
licans were almofl in a perpetual ft itc
of inCurrd'tion. In 1736, a German ad-
venturer, Theodore baron NcwhotK,
brought fome aflillance to them, and
on Ihs nfTiiranees of more powerful aid,
they el-xMed him king ; but, as he c<»u!d
not fubllantiite his promifes, he was
obliged \o leave the ifland. Tlie
Geiioefe, tired of the contcft, fold the
fovertignty to France, in 1767 ; and
the celebrated Paoli, who had been
cleded to the chit f command in 1755,
was obliged to abandon the ifland in
1769. After I lie French revolution, in
1789, Corfica was admitted as an eighty-
third department of France, at the par-
ticular requeft of a deputation, of which
Paoli was at the head. In confe(|uenc(;
of fome events which followed the re-
volution of 1792, Paoli revolted; the
French, by the afTiflancc of the Englifii,
^verc expelled from the ifland ; and
Corfica, in 1794, was declared anneyd
to the crown of Great Britain. In 1 796,
however, the Englifli found it expe-
dient to cvacua> ; the ifland ; the French
immediately took pofTeflion, and divid-
ed|it into two departments, Golo and
Liamone. of which Baf^ia and Ajaccio
are the chief towns.

Corjier, a town of Denmark, in the
ifle ot Zealand, on a peninfnia, in the
Great Belt, with a good harbour for
light veflTcls. It is defended by a caftle,
which f'ervea alfo as ;; magazine for
corn; and is 54 m wsw Copenhagen
Lon. II 12 K, lat. 55 12 N.

Cortc, a town of Corfica. fituate in
the centre of the ifland, on the fide and
foot of a rock, at the conflux of the
Tavignano and Reflonica. On the
point of a rock, rifing above thi' reft, is
the caftle, to which there is but one
winding paflage that will .idmit only
two pc lions abrcaft. While the ifland
was in the poflcffion of the Englifli,
Corte was made the feat of the viceroy ;
and it has been enlarged and fortified
by the French. It is 27 m ne Ajaccio,
and4oswBaftia. Lon. g53E,Ut.42 6ir«

f\

■ ■ i
.1. ',

, : i

i" ;■ ,

■r I

\ .■!!

I! i ,

m

ill-

1r

,1 1

IT''' '■:

:-i\ I,

r,l;ll

* ,

• t

I

fil

1

COS

t'orttmipjia^ a town of PiCilmont, in
Mot'tfcrrat, fltuatc on the fiermid.w i6
m K Clurafco.

Cortona. a city of Tufcany, in
Florfntiii.', and a hilliop's ffc, with a
famous tjadcmy. It is (iippofcil tu be
the mod uiicicit city in Italy, and nncc
the capita! of I !u uria, and prtfervcs fome
lenjnniit of its waiU, the only vcftigf of
iti early magnificunce- It (lands on the
lidc of a moimtain, near the fr(»ntier8 of
the Eccielialticai State, 32m e Sienna,
and 50 SK Florence. Lon. 11 51 w,
lat. 43 ao N.

Cornieif, a town and fmall principality
of Wt'fVphalia, with a jelt;bratcd abbi-y ;
lituate on thi; WcA.t, 27 m u by n Pader-
born. Lon. 9 34 k, lat. 51 46 k.

Cermna, a feaport of Spain, in Ga^
licia, with a large and faf(* harbour,
called the Groyne, defended by two
caftles. Tho town is of a circular
form ; but the poverty of the furrotmd-
ing country affords few refourccs for
trade. It is ao m sw Ferrol, and 35 m
by c Compoftella. Lon. 8 19 w, lat.

43 *3 N.

Corvo, the rmalli-ft and moft norther-
ly ifland of the Azores, fo called from
the abundance of crows foui.d upon it.
The inhabitants ctdtivate wheat and
feed hogs. Lon. 31 6 w, lat. 3942 n>

Cortuen, a town of Wales, in Merio-
nethlhire, with a market on Tuefday ;
fituatc near the river Dee, 9 m n t Bala,
and 202 Nw London.

Coryvrekan^ a dangerous whirlpool
oil the w coaft of Scotland, between
the iflc" of Scarba and the n point of
that of Jura. It is fo named from a
young Daniih prince, who perilhsd in
this place : its vortex extends above a
mile in circuit.

toj ; fee Stanchio.

Cqfier, a town of Egypt, on the Red
fea, and the chief place of trade, acrol's
that fea. between Uiis country and Ara-
bia. It is 280 m s by E Suez. Lon.
33 50 E, lilt. 26 8 E.

L'ofenzay a city of Naples, capital of
Calabria Citra, and an archbiihop's fee,
with a ftrorg" calllc. Tiie environs
produce abundance of corn, fruit, oil,
■wine, and filk. It is iituate on fcveral
finall hills, at the foot of the Apennines
and by the river Cr ni, 1 55 m se Naples.
Lon. 16 20 li, lat. 39 ao tt.

Coflin., a town of Further Pomerania,
with good woollen manufa^^tnrea, feated
on the Nefchaoh, 18 m e Colberg.

Cefnci a town of France, in the de-
partment of Nievre. Anchors for (hips
are forged here ; and Its cutlery and
gloves are much cfteemed. It is feated

COS

on the Loire, at the influx of ihe No.nin,
34 m N by w Ncvcrs, and 100 s by 1.
Paris.

(■'ojpour, a town of the kingdom of
Affam, 376 m k Patna. Lon. 92 57 E,
lat. 24 56 N.

Col/'acs, a people inhabiting ihe con-
fines of Poland, Ruflla, Tartary, and
Turkey. They are divided into t\\t
Kofakki-fii-Parovi, the Kofakki-Donfki,
and ihe Uialinn Coirics. Th*- men arr
lar^je and well made, have blue eyes,
brown hair, and aqueline nofes ; thr
womt?n are liandlbmc, well fh:tpcd, and
complaifant to ftrangcrs. The Uralian
ColTitcu dwell in villages, ulong the
banks of the Ural. The country which
the Kofak-ki-fa-Paroviinhabit is called
the Ukraine; and their towns arebuilt of
wood, after the manntr of the Kullians.
The Kofakki-Donlki dwell on both
fides of the Don, ari- under the proit-c-
tion of Rnflia, and profrfs the fame re-
ligion. See Ukraine^ Uralian Cojiia,
and Tfcherkajk.

Cojfimbaxur, a river of Ilindooftati,
in Bengal, the mod wed* rii arm of the
Can[Tes, from which it fi paratcs ^■,
m below Rajemnl. It palVea by Moor-
Ihi'dabad, CoHimbrizar, &c. to NudcUa,
where it is joined by the Jcllinghy,
another arm of tlic Ganges, and their
united ftrcam forms the Hoogly.

Cojjimbazart a town of Iltndooftan,
v.i iicngal, the refidtnce of the difFcreiit
European fadtors, and the centre of
their trade. It is feated on the river of
the fame name, by which it is furround-
ed, 7 ni s Moorfliedabad, and io<; n
Calcutta.

Co£imiotta, a town of Hindooftan,
in the circar of Cicacole, on a river that
flows into the bay of Bengal, 74 m svr
Cicacole. Lon. 83 7 e, lat. 17 42 v.

(Joffipourt a town and fortrefa of
Hindooftan, in Delhi, on the ne border
of the province, 100 m ene Delhi.
Lon. 79 18 E, lat. 29 14 ^'^

Coffonay, a town of SwilTerland, in
the canton of Bern, on the river Vcnog,
JO m N Laufanne.

Coftaricay a province of New Spain,
bounded on the n e by the gulf of Mex
ico. sw by the Pacific ocean, Nw liy
Nicaragua, and se by Veragua. It has
rich mines of gold and filver, but in
other refpeds is mountainous and bar-
ren. Cartago is the capital.

Coftainttza, a town of Croatia, on
the river Udda, and borders of Bofnia,
^f m ESS Carlftadt. Lon. 17 8 Ei lat-
45 20 N.

Co/hvici, a town of Upper Saxony,
in the priucipality of Anhalt, with a

ihcNonin,
100 » by ».

ingdom of
n. fji 57 ^>

iij^ the con-
artary, and
d into thr
kki-Donfki,
[*h«* men arr
c blue cyet,

nofc«; thr
Hh.»pod, and
Tlic Uralian
, along the
)Utitry which
ibit 18 called
nsarcbiiiltof

the Kuirians.
rell on both
ex the proiic-
, the fame rr:-
(tliiVi Cojfaci,

,f Ilindouftaii,

1 rii arm «f lh«.'
I f( pirates 3;
UVe3 by Moor-
cc. to Nuddta,
the Jcllinghy.
iges, and their

Hoogly.

af Hindooltan,

of the different

the centre of

on the river of

. it is iurrounil-

ad, and 105 ^

of Hindooftan,
, on a river that
engal, 74ms\t
at. 174a Ji- .
nd fortrefs of
nthcNEborckr
ni ENR Delhi.

N. , .

Swiflevland, w
the river Vcnog,

, of New Spain.
the gulf of Mex-
ocean, nw liy
Veragua. It has
id fiWer, but in
itainou3 and bar-

ipital.

, of Croatia, on
orders of Bofnu,
Lon. 17 8 '^J^"'

,f Upper Saxony,
f Anhalt, wit»» «

eov

Mftitf, fituatc on the Elbe, 10 m w by n
Witlt'hlniri;.

<'ct'>mfA town ;irid difVridl of Lower
Liil'.iti.i, lato'y ftibifi't to the KinK of
I'mlFui. Till" iMfHc (lands oil an tmi-
iii'iico Oil th'' K full' of the town. Here
arc a prfat number of French pr'-tcft-
.intSi who have introduced ihcir manu-
laJluren-, and it is noted for cxccllci't
hrer, pitch, and flax. It is O-atrd on
tb** river Spn-c, 60 m f. by s Wittoii-
biire. Lon. 14 i\ R, lat. |i 46 n.

i oti' d' Or, n department of Franco,
which has itb name from a mountain,
lituate to the s of Dijon- U contains
part of the lati- province of Burgundy.
Dijon is the capital.

Cotes /hi NonU a departnumt of
France, fo named from its northern nia-
ruimepofition. It contains part of the
late pr()viiiceof Hretagne. St. Brieuc is
thr capital.

i 'itt-Jkvrilil, a long traifl of high ground
in the r. |j:iit of Gloucellerihiie. It
altbrds in many places a fine Jhort
gra/a for the ft'cd of Hiecp ; and others
arc tkvotcd to the growth of corn.
The fides of this long range are beau-
tiful .13 they fink into the vale, fram
the hills of Stinohcomb and Nibley in
tlie 3 to that of Bredon in the M, wnich
has been celebrated in ancient rhyme.

Cothen, a town of Upper Saxony, ca-
pital of the principality of Anhalt-
('otlien, with a caftle- It is 12 m sw
DcfTaii. Lon. 12 9 s, lat. 5 1 48 n.

Coiignac, a town of France, in the
department of Var, on the river Argens,
3i m NNE Toulon.

Cotignola, a fortified town of Italy,
in Fcrrart'le, 25 m ssk Fcrrara.

Votopaxi, a mountain of the kingdom
of Quito, one of the higheft of the
Andes. It is i ft, 890 feet abi;ve the level
of the Tea ; and at its Aiminit, which is
perpetually covered with fnow, is a
volcano that has at various times caufed
terrible devaftation-

Cetrone ; fee Cretona.

Cottiy, a town of St. Domingo, feated
in a rich and extenfive valley, on the
Camu, at its conflux with the Yuna, 35
m wsw Samana.

Coucy, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Aifne, on the river Oife, 9
m N Soifon*?.

Coventry, a city in Warwickfliire,
which, united to Lichfield, is a bilhop's
fee. The market is on Friday. It is a
county of itself, governed by a mayor,
and has three pariih-churchcs, one of
which, St. Michael, is faid to have the
moft beautiful fteeple in Europe. The
houfes being moftly old, with ftories

COW

proji(*ling over each otiier, make a
mean appiMiance. The number of in-
habitants wa:i 16.0,14 bi ifloi, and
17,913111 iHii. Tilt.' principal in imu.
fadtiirc is filk nhiinls ; but (bme gau/».'%
camblctB. and ladings, are uKo made.
It ha« a communication with the Siaf-
furdlhire Grank Trunk, liy a canal to
Fradlcy ; and by another, which joins
the Oxford canal at UraunAon, it has a
commiinic.itioii witl>the Thames. Co-
ventry ii 15 m NNK Warwick, and 91
Nw London. Lon. i jj w, Ku. 52

24 N.

Coveripcntm, a town and fortrcfs of
Hindooftan, in Myforc, on the right
bank of the C'avery, 60 m se Myfore.
Lon. 77 38 R, lat. II 51 N.

Covil/iam, a town of Portu(»aI, ia
Bcira, with a inanufa«5ture of woolica
cloth, 18 m sw (Juarda.

Coulan, a feaport of Hindooftan, in
Travancore, with a good harbour and a
navigable rivtr. It ftands on a penin-
fula, 60 m NW Travancore. Lon. 76
34 fc, lat. 8 51 N.

Covoerden', lee CoevorJen-

Courlandy a duchy of Europe, 250 ra
long and 40 broad ; bounded on the w
and N by the Baltic, e by Livonia, and s
by Poland. It is divided into Courland
Proper and Semigallia. The country
fwells into gentle hills, and is fertile in
corn, hemp, and flax. It is moftly
open; but in fome parts there are
forefts of pine and fir, and groves of
oak. It was formerly a feudatory pro-
•vince of Poland, but was annexed to
the dominions of Kuflia, in 1795, ^y
an aft of the ftates. Mittau is the ca-
pital.

Courferans, a late province of France,
lying along the river Satat, and now
forming, with Foix, the department of
Arriege.

Courtray, atown of the Netherlands,
in Flanders, celebrated for its manu-
fadlures of table linen and woollen
cloths; feated on both fides the river
Lis, 1 2 m E Ypres.

Coutances, a feaport of France, capital
of the department of Manche, and a
bifliop's fee, with a fine cathedral. It
is 37 m sw Bayeux, and 185 w Paris.
Lon. 1 27 E, lat. 49 3 N.

Contrast a town of France, in the de-
partment of Gironde, at the conHiix of
the lUe and Dronnc, 25 m ne Bour-
deanx.

Coivbridge, a corporate town of
Wales, in Glamorganfliire, with a mar-
ket on Tuc(day. It is called by the
Welfh, Pont-faeii, from theftone bridge
over the river Daw, which ibon after

1.1

(r •

■I ■

-I'

c a A

entcri the Briftol cli.niml. Nonr it an*
the ri'niiii)!! of Llniibitt: m caille, of
which ;i m.iirivi- giicway in now am-
vertcil into a barn ; ami a')i)ut a miU-

•T

"''.'tlii;!

c n A

lurrouniled by brick walls ami old
towfrii which form u kind of cuadfl.
Adjoiriiiiy id the c.ithi'dr.il, within the
walls o\ thir cit.idel, in which uidII uf
<^i(l.int, on a lufty hill, aic the ruin" of tin- fovcieigiu tif I'oland are interred.

Pcnlinc c.iftlc. Cowbiidgo is lam w
C'ardilV and 173 London.

C'ccr.j, a fi'ipoit of II impOiIre, in the
\(\l- oI Wi>;hl, on the w li.lc of the
month of thi- Mniina or Cowei. On
till' opprfitc fitlc is the village of E i(t
Cowcs, and at each placf ia a fort built
by Henry viii.for thi- Iccnrity of the
Uland and road. Cowcs h ih an excel-
lent haibuur, which \i much frequented
by Ihip'i to repair dam i^cs fiiflaini'd at
(ca, and to water; and alfoa jiood trade
in provifiona. &<;. for th(! ufi; of the
lliipping. During the /'ummcr it is nuich
fre(|uented for th<,' purpofc of C-i-bath-
inp ; and lu-re are a niindicr of genteel
lodgiiif;-li"iiii-«> •'^"d an allembly room.
A mail packet lails from this pkice
every d^y at noon for Southampton.
It is 1 2 m 3 by k Southampton, i z wsw
I'oitI'moulh, and 86 sw London. Lon.
j^ 17 w, lat. 50 46 N.

L'oylan j ice Quilo/:.

(.'oivUurga, a town of Ilindooftan, in
!Myloro, with a ftrong liill fort. It is
fnrrounded by hills and forcfts, and
ftands 12ms Nagara.

Ccjzuniel, ixn ifland on the k coaft of
Jucatan, where Cortes landed, and re-
frelhed his troops, before he attempted
the c(.'nqiiclt oi Mixiro It abounds
■with fruit, pulfe, cattle, and fowls.
The ordinal natives poflefs this iHand,
hut areUiljeft to Spain. Lon. 87 19 w,
lat. i(j 40 N.

Crab Ijland ; fee BoriqiUK.

Cracatoa, the fouthcrmoO: of a cluf-
ttr of illands in the entrance of theltrait
of Suiida. It con lifts ofehvatcd land,
gradually riling on all fides from the lea,
and is covered with trees, except a lew
fpots, which have been cleared by ihc
natives for the purpofe of forming rice
fields ; and its cora! reefs afford fmall
turtles in abundance. The inhabitants
arc not confiderabic ; and their chief,
like thoff of the other illands in the
ftrait, is fubjeft to the king of Bantam.
Lon 105 56 t i lat. 8 6 s.

Cracow, a city of Poland, capital of
a palatinate of the fame name, and a
bilhop's fee, with a univerfity. It was
formeily xhe capital of Poland, when-
the kini,'S were eledted and crowned,
and nearly in the centre of the Poliih
dominions; but, fince the partition of
Poland, it is become a frontier town,
and belongs to Auftria. On a rock near
the Viiluh is the ancient n^yal palace,

Though the city and fuburln occupy a
vail trail of ground, they (i.:arcvly c\»n-
tain 24,003 iidnbitants. 'I he f;rc.»t
fqiiare iti I'p iciou>* and well buitl, and
many of the ltrect:i.!re broad and liand.
fomv ; but almoft «'very bnildinjc Wr.'n
the mark of mint d grandeur. '1 hiR de-
vallaiii)i\ w.is be^Mii by iln' Swcrden in
1 701, when it was taken by Ciiarlts xii ;
but it has lince experienced greater cala-
miticH, having been taken and retaken
by the Uuffi.ins and the cuuledtratei.
On the general infurrcL^lion, in 1794,
againll the I'rulliati and Ruflian nfiirpeis
of the I'olilh territory, Kofciuiko, the
chief of the patriotic inl'iii;^,'t iiifi, ex-
pelled thi! KnUian garnfm troiii this
city; but having marched, in the
fequel, to the protec'tioii of Warfaw,
Cracow futreiulL-red to tlie Prullimn.
It is fealcd on the Vilhila, i,^o m ssw
VVarfaw. Lon. 19 50 k, lat. 49 59 n.

Crail, a borough of Scotland, in Fife-
(hire, with an ancient church, and fomc
remains of a caftle in which David i
frequently relided. It is feated on the
frith of Torth, 7 m se St. Andrew.

Cralnburg, a town of Germany, in
Carniola, with a# caftle, on the river
Save, 18 m Nw Laubach.

Cramond, a village of Scotland, 5 m
WNw lidinburg, at the mouth of the
Amond, in the frith of Forth. It \\?% a
commodious harbour, and confiderable
iron- works.

Cranberry, a town of New Jerfcy, in
Middlefex county, 16 m siw Brunl-
wick, and 20 ene Trenton.

Cranbourn, a town in Dorfetfhire,
with a market on Wcdncfday, feated
near a fine chafe, which extends almoll
to Salifbury, 38 m ne Dorchefter, and
93 w London.

Cninbrook, a town in Kent, with a
market on Saturday. Here was eredid
the firft woollen manufadure, by thofe
Flcmirgs who l«ttled through the en-
couragement of Edward iii; and here
is a free grammar-fchool, endowed by
queen Elifabeth. It is 13 m s Maid-
ft'iie, a" ' I) .'5K London.

Crane ,g, a town of France, in the
department of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the duchy of Cleve } feated on a hill,
5 m w Cleve.

Crr./iganore, a town and fort of Hin-
ddoit in, on the coaft of Cochin. It was
taken from the Portuguefe in 1662 by
the Dutch, who fold it in 1789 to the

rajah of

I the moiil

chin. L

' ran/ii
depart fn«
itH minrr;

(■'nio»,
p.irtnjent
Oudcn, I

Crato,
tejo, Wit
onki (if

river Cri
Here are I
and a mati
^'rccy, t
in the ilep
i<I for the
••d by IMw
Nw Amien
Crediton
a market (
able maniif
is a nobh* {
cathedral.
dt''.royed h
between tw
iBo w by N
Cree, a ri
in the north
VVigtoii an(
bouiiilary h
head of Wl,
Creito'wn
of Scotlan
Here fevera
ployed in t
on Wigton
Cree, aj m

Creglin^t)

the principi

the Taiiber

30 Nw Anfi

Creily a t(

partment of

m f Sonlis.

Creiljhnm

theprincipa

Jaxt, az m s

Crema,

pital of Crc

it is well bu

on the Serio

9 50 t, lat 4

Cremafco,

in the s part

mafco. It if

duchy of M

wine, flax,

capital.

Cremiu, a
partment of
tain, near th

a

ion, 111 1 7941

CRE

rajah of Tuviincore. It U foatpd nt
I thr month dI' a rivrr, ,30 m n hy w Co-
chin. Lot)' 71; )H K, lilt. 10 1) N.

('ran/lac, a village of France, in thr
d«*p irtmrnt of Avnnin, rclchratt'd tor
itH mineral w.i'rrn, ij rii n\v Klioclt*/.

Cruoftf a town of I'>:inccr, in thf d<'-
partnu'tit of Mtyinni',' nc.ir the river
Oudcn, 17 ni s l»y w Laval.

('rata, .1 lovvii of l>iirtn{;al, in Alen-
tcjo, with a prioty bclnnKinj,' to llic
order of Malta. 14 tti w Porlalqjrr.

r>Yj^/or</, a village in Kviit, on the
river Cny, a m w by n Dartft)rd.
Here are ftimc calico printing grounds,
and a mannhuHnrc of iron hoopo.

(■rect/,or Crejjy,^. villa.t^cof France,
in the ili^partinfut of Somnie, cfkhtat-
1(1 for the vi,;^(»ry over the French, Kain-
ed hy Fdward m, in 1346. It is j) in
Nvv Aiiiiciis.

Crediton, a town in Dcvonfliire, with
a market on Saturday, and a conlider-
ablf? mannf^idurc of fcrgcs. 'Flic church
is a nobI<; l\rut^tiirr, and was formerly u
cathedral. 'Vhi'. town was almoft all
dt'.royed by fire in 1769. It is featcd
between two hills, 12 m n w Exeter, and
180 w by N London.

CVi-c, a river of Scotland, which rifcs
In the northern part of the counties of
Wigt 111 and Kirkcudbright, forms the
bomulary bel ween them, and enters the
head of Wigton hay.

tWetotun, or I'errytoivriy a fmall port
of Scotland, in Kirkcudbrightlhirc*.
Here fevcral floopi are conftantly en.
ployed in the coafting trade. It Hands
on Wigton bay, near the influx of the
Cree, aa m w Kirkcudbright.

Creglin^en^ a town of Fraiiconia, in
the principality of Anfpach, f^ated on
the Tauber, aam s Wurtzburg, and
30 Nw Anfpach.

Creilt a town of France, in the de-
partment of Oife, on the river Oife, 5
m E Scniis.

C'reilJ/jfi/f!, a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Anfpach, on the river
Jaxt, aa m sw Anfpach.

Crema, a fortified town of Italy, ca-
pital of Cremafco, and a bilhop's fee.
It is well built and populous, and leatcd
on the Serio, 30 m s Bergamo. Lon.
9 50 t, lat 45 35 N.

CremafcOi a Imall territory of Italy,
in the s part of the province of Berga-
mafco. it is nearly furrounded by the
duchy of Milan, and fertile in corn,
wine, flax, and hemp. Crema is the
capital.

Cremiu, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Ifere.at the foot of a moun-
tain, near the Rhone, 29 m ne Vienna.

c II r.

CrtmnitTf a town of ITpper Hungary,
notfd for it» gold mine.s, 17 m n
Scheniiiilz

Crtninnitt a eiiy of Italy, capital of
Cr< inotu'li. , and a hilhop's fet', with
n caltie .iiid a univtility. The ftrcet*
are broad and ftrai^;ht, adorned with
fome liniU fqiurcn, .Tiid many nohli:
eililicca. 'i'he ratheih.il contains ft. vr-
ral bcantil'iil aitiirt and ftnc piintingu ;
and one chapel iit fet apart for the
relict* of th^' piiniitive martyiH, which
arc pr. lervcd in urns aiid laieopli,i);i.
Ilerear" alfo 40 parilh churches., and 43
convents of li.,i|j fexes. It Haiuhi in a
di'li>,'tufiil plain, watered by the Oyrlio,
anil near tin- Fi, over which is a bnilge
of Ito.it s defended by a fort. A iiiiai
pafTes ihrough the town, and tonus a
communication between the two rivers.
Cremona has luen iiiveral timiR tai^eii ;
the laft tinif hy the Fitiich in irtoo. It
is jo m NW Parma. Lon. 9 58 k, lat.
45 8 N.

Vremnneli, a territory of Italy, in the
duchy of Milan, hounded on the K by
Mantua, N bylhtfciano, w by Cif-maf-
co, and s by Fauna. It ia fertile in
wine and fruits. Cremona if; the capital.

C/vw(//>r, a town of Moravia, with
a fine caiHe and a convent, fcaltd on
the river Marfch, jS m ssk Olmntz.

iJrefcenthio, a fortified town of Fii-d.
mont, on the river Po, ao m Nt Tin in.

(^refpy, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Oife, 17 ms Compiegnc.

CreJJ'y ; f<j»' Crecy.

Crejl, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Drome, on the river Drome,
16 m ssE Valence.

i'revecoeur, a town of France, in the
department of Nord, feated on the
Scheldt, 5ms Cambray.

I'revecoeur, a town and fort of S Hol-
land, at the conflux of the Dommel
with the Maefc, 4 m nw Bois le Due.

Crevelt, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the eleftoraie of Cologne. Near this .
place the French were defeated by the
Hanoverians in 1758. ItissamNNW
Cologne.

Creuftt a department of France, fo
named from a river, which crofles it and
flows into the Vienne. It contains the
late province of Marche. Gueret is the
capital.

Creufen, a town of Franconia, in the
principality of Bayrciuh,; m e Bayreuth.

Creutzburg, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Brieg, with a caflle. It
has a great trade in honey, wax, leather,
and flax ; and is featcd on the Brinnitz,
35 m E by N Brieg.

»-■•♦■■.-

■tilt J-' a;

1

»

■ I

. h'i i' ^ ^ I

ill

1

l' ■^1

iM

CRT

CrntiKnnicht% lown of France, In the

dfp«rtmcnt of Nioiit Tonnrn-. Litrly <if
Gfrm.iny, in the cirric of Upper Khmc
It hai a trxtle in winr. fiit, corn, wool,
and to»MCCO. On lire », i;9<i. thit
town wim taken tltrn- timr» ; firft hy
the Piri,ch, then by the Auftriant. and
B}:ain by »hr loinrnr. It i« fcatrd on tho
N«hci %s m »^ M«nt/.

Crt<ivkfrnt, a towti in 8<»nirr(rt(hiT,
with .1 in.irkit on Saturdty. and m.inii
fidtureK of ftocUinga, innvafi, and dow-
lafii. It in li'.iit'd n««ir a lir.inch of the
Parrel, 15 m s Wtllti and \^\i wbw
London.

CrUarth, or Cricktith, a rorpnr;ite
town of Walen. in CiimHilhi nfli'ri',
with a markft on Wednrfdiy. The
ancient c.tdli* ii now in mini. It id
fitliatr nrar St O^nrgc chmnd, 18 m
•SR Carmitrthcn, and a,)4 n\v I.ondon

Crlekhoivfl, a town of W,ile«, In
Brecknocklhiir, with a market on
Thnrfday. Ni'.ir it are the mint of an
ancient caftlc o^ a high nionnt It is
featfd on t'u- Ufk, 10 m se Ba-cknock,
and 157 w |>y N London.

Cricklade, a borough In Wil'fl)in«,
with a market on Saturday ; I'l itfd r« ar
the Thaincii, 15 in w by s Oxford, and
84 w by N London.

Criejf', a town «'f Scot) ind, in Perth-
{hire, with nnanufa<5ture8 of pnpti ;<nd
thin linen ; feated on the Lrne, 18 m w
Perth, and 14 nke Stirling.

Crim^ a town of Crimea, fiippofcd
to be on the fite of an ancient city that
once gave its name of Crim Tartary, or
Crimea, to the whnk pcninfnh ; after
having, under the nanfe of Cimmcrium,
been the capital of a famous penpli- w !io
gave lawstJi the greateft partofEurnpo.
The modern town, called Kfltl Krirn
[Old Crim] by the Tartars, is now in.
liabited by Armenians, but the Mo-
hamedan ruins are extenfive, and the
neighbouring peafants are Tartars It
is featcd at the foot of an Infulated
mountain, 10 m wCafTa.

Cnmea, or Taurida, the ancient Tau-
rica CherfonefuK, a peninfula of Europe;
bounded on the s and w by the Black
fea, N by the province of Catharinenflaf,
with which it communicates by the
ifthmus of Prekop, and E by the fea of
Afoph and the ftrait of Taman. To-
ward the end of the i ith century, the
Genocle fettled in this coimtry ; but
they were expdled by the Crim Tartars
in 14/4. See Cq^a- Thefe Tartars
had been fettled in Crimea above two
centuries before the expulfion of the
Genoefe. They were fubjefts of Ratu
Khan, grandfon of Zingis ; and their

Thi? .1 part is
vallt ys art- allo-
,it)d the climate
the ixc-liifiot) of

CRO

cnnnueft was annrxi'd to the ktngdnm
of Kaian, till the <lcatl» of Tamerl.ini!
in 140 , when Hilr^ai Khan, nn olficcr
nJ that prince, tiu»k ptifTt flion of it.
and wni liucicdrd l,y Outlet Chrrai, irt
whi>ftf.imily t'.ic f«»verf«vnty rontinutd
till the iBlh ccntnry. The Khani, h"w.
rvtr were vail Mk, nr tril>ut.iry to the
Turks, till the year 1774. whf-n their
ind< pcndencf was ll'pulatrd in tin- trea-
ty of Ca'nar^i. In 178?, thf Hiifnaii»
look polUnion of thi- country with an
arniyj tin. tolhtwnin year it wi< cctUd
to tilt m hy th«' Tuiki ; and the peace*
aMt pofUnion of ihi- vvl..ilf wa> licur«'d
In thirm in i7«;i, by ihe ifll'i u of the
ftMtr«'l» of ()c/ «l<of CrinttM i» dividi d
into two parts hy the rivi'r Sali;ir,
whifh mint from w to *. Thi* n di.
vifion \> Hat, poor, ami lit for pillur-
a»j:i" only It h:u miilni me nor hit.
lock ; liilt l.ikr<t, and do. k** of llii'rp,arc
its Kitati (I ricluH Thin ililliiit is l)leak
aiul cold in winter, and lultry and
(i-orchiin' in rnninxM.
muuntaiii')tiN, but ilu-
niflnnxly prodiniivc,
cxtrcmi'y mdd, fn»in
iholi' violi.iit winils liy wliicli the n di-
vifjon is rni|i.t'nilv incommoded- The
Inwrr hills txteiiding from C lOa to the
K ixtremi'y « f the country, iiri- piiiici*
pady ulcd in ^ar.'eiint);, and produce
txccllcnt fiiiit. ntTid<* the p'>rt of
Kertch, the r-ad olCafla, and the har-
bour orHilacl.ivathi re is, ntarSi bafto-
poi, t.iie of tin.' tiiifft harbours in the
world. Tlurprincip.d articles of export
art; corn, Jiilt, homy, wax, bnlier,
liorles, female flaveH, hid'-s, and fiim,
efpecially the tauric laml>ikins, which
are in high cAeem. Crimea now forms
one of the two provinces of the go-
vernment of Catharinciillaf, under the
nan e of Taurida. Symphcropol is the
capitil

Crimmit/i/iau, a town of Upper Sar-
ony, in Milnia, with mnnufa<ifurca of
ftuffs and linens, feated on the Pleife, 10
m ssw Altenberg.

C'rinaut Lor/i, a fmall arm of the fea
on the w coaft of Scotland, in Argyle.
(liire, which branches out k from the
found of Jura, nearly oppofite the ne
end of the idaiid of Jura. It is con-
x)t6ied with Loch Fyne by a canal, c.ill-
cd the Crinan Canal.

Crifna ; fee KiJIna.

Croagli Patrick, a mountain in Ire-
land, in the county of Mayo, near the s
fide of Clew bav, 4 m sw Newport.
It is in the form of n fugarloaf, 3666
feet above the level of the fea, and
deemed the highcll mountain in the

^IBIJjH.

Vtngdom
'atnrrl.mrt
nn officer
Kin ut it»
Clirrni, in

CMIIlttlUIld

i.ini, h"w-
iry lo the
vhrn their
in \\\r trc»-

ll< Ittlfl't.tK*

ry wttli liM

\fn» cciUil
the pcacf

iVi .n of the
;\ i» ilivii\> d
ivcr S.iIrii",
Thi* *^ t^i*
(or iJ.irtur-
r«o n<»" hil«
(,r iliicp.arc
tiitJl is lilcik
liiltry anil
(nr » part is
lyH ar«' al\o'
ihv climate
cxtliiiioi* of
lich the N dU
;iuKk«l. The
uCin'ii to the
;y, iirf \)rinci-
^\^^\ prmluCC
tlic p<«rt of
ana the har-
j marSib.ifto-
rbours in the
cics of fxport
v\ax, bulier,
ifs, and furs,
.(liins, which
loa now forms
8 «if the go-
Jal, under the
hcropol is the

If Uppei' Sax-

lniita«iture3 of

the Pleile, lo

Inn of the fca
lid, in Argyle-
It R from the
Lol'itetheNE
1. It is con-
r a canal, call-

IniUain in Irc-

Wo, near the s

|bw Newport.

igarloaf, a 666

the i"w> and

iniain i" the

rno

rouiitiry. It oiitiincd iti name from
St lUtiicki who fitted hire during
I.rnt I And hcncr, «ccordin«{ to ti.(«
tlitiiMi. he drove ,ill the vcnonrion* crc**
turr* in the kingdom into thi' i°c<(.

(>o<i/i<i, I country ot Kuropc, Itourd*
ril on the n by iiiingary. K by ScUvo*
nia And Hofnia, i by Dnhnalii, antt w
l,y C'jrniol I ami Sfiri.i. It hel tn>(ft| to
the houli-of Aullria«rxcrut a finill put
I, of thf rivir l/niiHi lid)iev.M t> the
Turk* t but. m iXcy, tlic Andritn p.ut
5 of th»! liver Save was tranlVrrtd to
FrJtii-e. Carlfladt in tlie capital of tht:
frrt'ch p.iit, and A^;»am <.f the Aullrian.
I'r/ifn, .1 town «»t I uropf an Toi' i y,
in Albania, li iti«l near the j;iiJf ot Vt -
iiici". t,\ in N K I)iir«r./,o.

(.r;(/.f, or ^'roijil. i« town of rnnr-*,
in the dipaitnunt <'t' F.owrr I.o'ic,
lifted oil the l':'y cil" II fciy, I'-lvvtrn
the month') of tlie I.oiri! and VilaiMr,
^•, m w' Nanlcs. Lou. a 3X w, hit-

47 18 N.

I'luixt St. a river of N America,
which forinH the nk boiiml.iry (.f iIk'
Hiiitcd StatiH, and rnnu into tlic bay of
l',iiramaquo(.l(!y.

<T#/.v, Si. one of thp Carlbi r idand?,
30 m long and 8 wlu ic bni.idtll, lying
49 m s by K of St Th inaii. It pro-
duces nuicit fugpr. and belongs to the
D.nu'8. The chirf town is Cliri(lii!i-
ftadt, on ih(? N conll, with a liiie iir.r-
lioiir, defended by n forluU. f.-i'i. 65
;8 w, lat. 17 45 N.

Cromacff(ivuter,.< ' ' c in Cumberland,
between liuttcrnuic- water and l.owcd-
water, receiving the forirer at its s end,
hy the river Cocker, and the l-ittrr at
its N (Mid. It is 4 m long and half a
mile over ; with three fmall illts, one
of them a rock, and tlu' other Cjver^d
with wood. Half a mile from tie »w
eail is a waterfall, called Scale fiirct, be-
tween the mountains of M«.!''reik and
Blfa-craKg- At the ne corner is a ftonc
I'rijgr over its outlet, the Cocker. It
ujonnds with char and red trout.

Cromarty^ a fcaport ot Scotland, ca-
pital of Cromaityfliire. The harbour ir
(me of the fincll in Great Britain, and
j has a commodious quay. Here is a rua-
I nufailure of hempen cloth, and a coaft-
ing trade in corn, thread, yarn,filh, and
ikiiis of various Ibits. The nuinl)er of
inhabitants in 1811 was 241.^. It (lands
Ut the mouth of the frith of Cromarty,
16 m NE luvernel's. Lon. 3 50 w, lat.

i'romartyJlAre, a coimty of Scotland,
1 16 m long and 6 broad, comprehend-
ing psrt ofa peninl'ula on the s Qde of a

V u o

frith to which it Kivr» name On the •
and w it Ik honndrd hy KoUlldir It U
divided into Ave paiiniv*, which con-
tained 41HA inhabitantM in iRoi, and
5»Hi in iHm. The hiKil liiidi ar«-
heathy, but on the coill' it i« firtile
and w< II ci:!)iv4ted. It lendu a miin-
ber to parliament, ali matcly with
Nairnlhu'-.

i'romit', a town In N< rfolk, with a
m.irktt «in .SaturJay. It formerly had
two iliiin Ins, one of which, with ii-
vrral lioni- s, wn* twallowiil up i y tho
f«a The i.iliabitiDti. art thielly filher-
mill I and th<' bed lob(l<rs. un thin
t>iit of the «• ifl, are taken here. Il 13
Ujtrd on til <.irrm.iii 1 cean, ai n\ M
tiorwich, and H'lM- l.omlon

< romfnr,!, \ \ illajT in Pei bydiire, on
thr» river l)«i wi i»t, a m n VVirklwoitli.
IFeri' Mr. (al'T'" w.rd lir Rich ntl) Ark-
w right created t.unc of th" new cotton
mtllr, a capnai lutprovtmt^nt ol'mrcliik*
nifin due li> hi n \ ami h' ru nil" hcbuiU
a noliic leat. and acLurcb. Tiicrc >» a
canal hence to Nottinjjham.

('ton(u/i, a town of I<'i.tnc( nia, in the
princip.il.ty of nanihcrj:, near which it
H nionntain-loniifs ealUd Kofeiibrrg.
It is l< ated near ihc rtvcr Cronacb, 11
m N Cidmb.ith.

Crouborg, a Hrong Trrtrcfi of Den-
r-nrl , oti the iHc of ','«'.alan<.l, ncir El-
linofc, which {jiiari!. tlu- p.dia-e of the
Sound. It llands on tht point of a
pi iiinliilar promonioiy, opp'-li'f Ilei-
(ii'gbiirg in S\vedet\, little norc than a
m diffant. in 1658. it was taken by
the king of .Svvcdin, and rcll -red in
i66o. In tliis toitrtf. is a pal.ice, where
fl'.ueii Matilda wan i.nprifotud tdl ihe
\v;is pcrnilitcd to rcliri' lo '/ell. Not
r.ir from his is Ilamlrt Garden, laid to
be thtr (pot where the murder of hiu
father was perpetrate. I.

i rontnberg, or hronbfrf^, a town of
Germany, in the late deflorate of
Mcnfz, liMtcd on a mountain, 9 m nw
Fr.inkrorl.

C/onJliu/t, a loiport and fortrefs of
Ruflia, on the illanil of Rctufari, in the
pii.f of Finland. Tin' harbour is the
ciiief ftation of the Uu'lian Jliet. Here
are great magazines of naval llorea,
clocks and yards for building ihips, a
foiindcry fur cannon balls, and an ex-
tfiilive maraic liol'pital. The Man of
War's Mule is enclolid by a ftrong
rampart, built of granite, in the lea.
Peter's Canal, lined with mafonry, \i
1050 fathoms long, of which ,58 ftrctch
into the lea ; it is 60 fathoms broad at
the bottom and loo at the top, and is

4' >i

!r!

"Hiti

•« ':■

CRO

t4 f4lhomt dtrp. At the fnit of the
canal ore tw«i pyr.imiit«t < •>tuiiint, with
inicriptioni ri?l4itvc tn ihii gri'4( wurk.
Thi* town tK'ciipifi tht* »; part of the
inandi anil thi* inhnbitrfnti arc i*|li mated
lit 60(0v)o> It it ai ni w Petri lbur((.
Lun. 19 a6 K, Lit. 5-; 56 n,
iroH/frtdtt a town o» Tran(ylv.itii.i.

('r«om, i\ town of Irrl.iiul, In the
couiiiy ol Linf>crU:li, on th«- 1 ivrr Maig,
ij m »»w I.nirrick.

Cropitni, A (own of Naptt.i, hi C*«
labri.i Ulira, i) m »m-. Ht. Scvcrino.

< '/•«/«/, .1 town of Pul.irul, in the p.il.i'
ttii.itcot LriiihriK, iio in wnw l.«'mhcr^'.

f-'rojfen, .1 tc(\\ri (»f llrjiidcnhing. m
the N«-w iD.nk, r.ipit.il of .1 duchy of
the lamr n.iiiir, with a llroni; cilllc.
ll i« le.iii.ll .iri the fromirriof Sili-iij,
niMr th.' conlhix of the Hober with the
Oder, in .1 otiniry ahoiindiii); with
wine and liiiit, :i m ^r. 1'i.irikfort.
Lon. IS I r, y. Lit. .^i 7 •'«-

Cro/'j •/((//, a mrxiiitain iiiCttmhcrland,
8 m fciii. Kirkofwold. Itn rxtrcmf al>
titiido is a^oi ft«'t. At dillcrt'iit el«v
vatiOiiH there aw two cxti-itfivi- plains;
and a tliiid on the rninmitcotitaiiiB dv-
ral hutidrcd acrcai covered with niolii
and other vegetable prodii^tioim. The
virwfrom tl.ihlu'ij^ht compichtiidfiijrcat

J J lit ui fix coiiiiticu. A ffw yanli. be-
ow thi: I'ummit ib a fpring called the
Gentlcmaiii Well.

Cretc/ic^, or i'orachie, a town of
HindooUaii, and the only good fcaport
ill Sindy. It llands at the head uf a
bay. which . .ib a narrow and Ihrllow
entronce, dcfondcd by a caftle ; but
vcIlrU of 400 tons may enter the har-
bour at high wattr. The inhabitants
are efllmated at 8000, the majority of
whom are Hindoos . It has a confiderable
trade* being vifitcdby the interior cara-
vans ; and the c; iet exports arc rice,
glue, hides, (altpettL>, potaih, afafactida,
Tatta-cloth, indigo, frankincfiifi*, and
coaric cloths. It is 60 m w by n Tatta.
Lon. 67 16 t:, lat. 24 51 n.

(-'rotenay, a town of France, in the
department of Jura, 6 m sk Poligny.

Crotona, a feaport of Naples, in Ca-
labria Ultra, and a bilhop's lee, with
a citadt'l. It has a trade in (:rain, chctfe,
oiI,andfilk,and is ii;m se St.Severino.
Lon. 17 a; k, lat. 39 9 n.

Crotoy, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Somme, on the e fide of
the mouth of the Somme, 35 m nw
Amii-ns.

Crouch^ a river in KflTex, which rifcs
near Horndon, and enters the German

rn IT

nenn bttwi-m llinih^m and Pniiln«>rt
idjiid. The W.ilfKct and Ilurnh4m
oylU'fi arc the pioducit of lit crcvka
and piti>

('r»M/l«H4tt a town in LlncolnOiirp,
with a markt't on *<tlurday. tirrr W4i
formerly nn abbry of great note, Mtui
U,<ue (l.itrly mini yet irmain. The
louti cotihltw of four ftrertt, which
are frpar.ued by waterctiurii*, and cnn.
nested by 1 curioui trLingiiiar brid|[f
for f<»»»t palliiinim. The chief it.ide i»
in fllli ttiitl Milil ducki, which arr plm.
tifiil in ihc .Mj icriit pooU iiid murllic)
It la 1 1 in N I'ctcrborough, and 93 n by
w London.

(-'ra.i!e, a town in Liiicobilhire, with
a m.irkct on Monday, teiitd in ^hi- ille
«.f Axhnlm. near Un- river Dun', iHm
I. (iaiiilborough, .uid 167 nnw Lon-
don

Crown I'oinl, a fort and town of
New York, in Clinton county. The
birt W.I' erciird by the Freo' li, in 1731,
on a point th.it runn n into Lake Cli.iin.
plain. It waft reduced by lh«! I'.nglilh
in i759.t.iken by ih ■ Americaniin 1775,
retaken by the Fn^lilh the year after,
and it now in a ruinoiit (late It ii ip
m N .Albany. Lun. 73 ai w, lat. 43
56 N.

Croydon, a town in Surry, with .i
ni.irket on Saturday. It has an lioloi-
t.'il and frecichool, found<-d by arch*
bilhop VVhitgift ; and in the church are
fornc monuments of the aichbilhopi of
Canterbury, who h.id here iin ancient
palace, which was alienated from the
lee in 17H0: the building, and adjoin-
ing premifes, 'are now occupied by
fome cotton inanufa<Jhires. The num-
ber of 'iihabitantH was 5743 in 1801,
and 7801 in 181 1. The Uimmer alTizei
arc held here and at Guildford alter-
nately. Croydon is feated near the
fource of the Wandle, 10 ms London.
Lon. o 6 w, lat. 51 aa n.

Crozen, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Finiitirre, 16 m nw Ch.i-
teaulin.

l'rum/a<w, or Crumati, a town of Bo-
htmia, in the circle of Hechin, wiih a i
cadle, feated on the Muldau, i : m s by j
w Hudweig.

Crumlaw, a town of Moravia, in thfi j
circle of Znaim, with a caftle, 10 mj
NNE Znaim.

Cruz, St. or Agadur, a feaport ofj
Morocco, in the kingdom of Sus. Thcj
Portugucfe had a fortrefs here, whichi
was taken from them by the Moors ml
1536 ; and the emperor cauled it to bej
dcftroycd in 1 773. The harbour is liif^

Jnd enmm
of ihf Ati
Lon. 9 10

Crus., S
Teiirrirt", 4
the govfri
well hiiilr
tended by
\*>n 16 1 1

*'ri4t, at
4 JuriMieii
«■«', and a
'« woody ,

t'lWII (t.iii.l,

f'v> r * Ju ip
*>i \S W,l4l
_ Ciiit, Sf
^'"1>.|, with
"t the bay*)
L'*M. Hi J w
' Vw* dt .1
*'iil>a, th<
'•I'll' K, lyiiijj
li-im.i in iiiilii
^roAii, .itid \
liim. in I \i)i
tircly m.i(lcr
the native* ;
•|'id the war
I'mall portion
wiiods .ire fot
'■•'•If cedars ,
♦•iricty and r
of the t)tli«'r i
*n(l cattle, (h
oijj. Tj„.,.j.
"kI copper m
'u'-ifts full o
'■xccllfiit fug,
^-'I'fia, wild cii
nul aloe*, 'i'
mi'Mle of til.
Iroiii K to vv
Hid la gcntT.i
cu flow from
Havana i.s the
yubn, a tov
''JO. 3'^ ni s b
, ^'ubai^ua, a
"ca, between
Tt'rra Fir ma.
'509, eftabldh
""■' banks dif,
'"■^nd is barrel
'0 w, lat. ,0 ^
Uiban, a riv
"^^cofthcmoi
oftheCaiicalii-
'"i? Circaffia frc
enters, by i^v
'lack fca and tl
tile fouthern I
<'npire in this

lint) Foti'rt'ft
tut UuriihAm
vi kt« cr»rki

Llncolt»n»irf,
y. tlrrtwai

[fat nutf , niid

|\n'it«, which

i- clii«f '• >•'< '^
which .itr i)l<ii.
It nul miirlhci
;h. »na 9J N by

ucohifhirf. with
Mt»d in th>' illc
ivcr Dun, »H m
^ff-j NNW Lon-

t ami town of

I county. The

l?rtiiil>,i" i73«»
into I.aWc Chun.

I by th«' lM>Klilh
mnicaniin 1775,
h the year alter,
isftatc It i»')«
•fj ai w, Ut. 43

in Suriy, with a
It h.i« a» holDi-
|ound'-t» by aich.
in ihe chuich are
^lic ai«;hbinu)piof
[l here an ancient
icnatcd Irom the ]
:dn>g, and adjoin.
now occupied by
turen. Thennm-

as 5743 >" ';°''
:\\e tunnrntr aluzei
[t GuiUllovil alttr-
fcated near the

.,10ms London.

, France, in the <k-
re, 16 rrtNwCU.

Lm, a town of Bo-
of »5tchin. wiih a
luldau, lamsby

, of Moravia, in the
jilh a c.\ftlf, 10 "*!

L«r, a feaport of

IgdomofSus. The

Irtrefa here, which
Im by the Moors m

Iror cauled it to bd
[The harbour i»W

Cl?B

sni! commM<!i"tin ff ii ffitfil on nhxy
1)1 (he Att.Hiiic, i,|u rn w<«« Muruccu.
I.oii. 9 to W| Ut. .10 aH N.

('rut, St. i (cAport on thr tn f!ilr of
Tciirntt, AHi[ the ^rii< r4l kAiIcucc tif
the govrruor of thr illuid. It h.ti «
writ hinit pier ,i>ut '{Uiy, ;uiil i« <ti'<
tended by l«v«'rKl t'otl* ttnd hatierlei.
Um 16 14 w, |,it. iH an N.

i'rht. Si, It town oi HiTM, Cipii.d «»f
.1 |tirildidlioii, ill the /indiriu'i? ut ( h>ii.
t'li, and .1 Itilhvip'it A'c 'i'h<' eoiiniry
It wodtly .iimI iuiitiii(aitu)Ui<| but the
town ttiiidi III a tcrtilc v.illi'y, near the
rivLT ^iU'iniix, 161) III NN'k IM.itu. Luii.
6j 15 w.Ui. 17 a6 ».

Ciiitt St a town on the n fid** of
('nl).i, with II t(o«)d haiboui at th«' head
lit the b.iy of M itui/.n, fto m »■ 11 ivana.
I. XI). Hi 5 w, lat. a 11 n.
<'>iu. ii(f Mil I/O, St. \ I'l'c (iuitlvis.
Cuba, the I until illaiid i>l Hie W
Iiulii*, lyin^ K of V. l'l>iridj and th<- Id-
h.itn.i in.indH. it m 700 m li)ii>; and ilo
bri).id, .itid was difcovvrnl l>y Coluin-
bu». in I y}i. Tlie Spanianli .ire en-
tirely mjlltTH ol it, hiviny? cxtirpat«d
the natives t but from their la/inef^t,
And the w.mt of handn, only a very
fmall portiiiii of land iH cU-.utd. In the
woodd <ir<' Ui'AM valuable trecu, particu-
hrly cedars o'" i l.irge lize ; and bird* in
v.iriety and number, tiiort' than in any
of the other illandM. I'he foil infertile;
and cattle, Iheip, and hoj;a .irr numcr.
mi. I'here are many warm fprings,
xnd copper miiicit in the mountaiim. and
i'onlts full of game. The produce is
excellent fug.ir, ginger, lon^; pepper,
ciina, wild cinnamon, maltic, tob-icco,
.iiul alueii. The hills run throu^'h the
miildle of the illand, its whole kngth,
troni K to w, but near the coall die
liud Hi generally level ; ai'd many rivu-
lets flow from the hills to the n and s.
llivana is the capital-

Cuba, a town of I'crtugal, in Alen-
tcjo, 7^(i m s by K Evora.

Cubaj^ua, a Imall illand of S Ame-
rica, between tliat of Magaretta and
Terra Firma. Here the Spaniards, in
1509, eflahldhed a lilhcry of pearl ; but
the banks difappc-ared iii 1514. The
illand is barren and nitrous. Lon. 64
10 w, lai. 10 56 N.

Cuban, a river that iflucs from the n
fide of the mountain Elbrus, the lofiieft
of the Caucalus, flows Nwaiid w, divid-
ing Circaflia from part of Taurica, and
enters, by levcral mouths, into the
Black fea and the fca of Afoph. It forms
the fouthern boundary of the Ruflfian
empire in tliis part i and on its right

bank »t* fefcfit ut ihcir rcdoulita uni
furtielles.

< 'itkfiH, or CtiSaH Tartarif, a eoiintry
of All.1, III the Ruin.in provuice of T.iu*
ricn I buuiiiled on the w by the Ira uf
Atoph, N by the river Don, which Irp.t*
ritrt It ft urn Europf, r. by the delert
of Alir«can, and • by the rtfcr Cuban,
whieb divides it from Circania.

i'luH/itU, a town in Huirex, with a
market on Friday, ij m nw Lewei, and
y) « by w London.

iiUditlort, a town of llindooflani
tm the coaU 01 the Cumtic, nc.ir the
til.ice where Fort St. D.ivid oi)c<- flood
it wai taken by the French in 1758*
and a^.tin in lyfli. It ii 2} m »kw
I'ondicheriy. Lon. 79 5^ f, lat. 11
AS w.

('luUttpii, a town of limdoodan, ca*

!)iial of a circar of the fame n.ime, ceded
)y Tipp )o, lit i7i>j, to tiu" iii/.am of
the Dcccaii. It im ij) m NW Madras,
Lon. 7H 57 »;, lat. 14 *j s.

('luir.f'ti, a 'own .iiid bailiwic of Swif-
ferl.ind, 111 the cautun ot Hum, :i m w
Uerii.

('ti*n n, a city of Spain, In New
Caltite, uiul a bilhop'a fet? { feated on «
high and craggy lull, near the river
Xiicar, t)o m i. l)y h M.idrid. Lon. i ij
w, lat. 40 10 N.

i'luniM, a town and jurifdi^ion of
Peru, in ilic province ot Quito. The
town is |)()pulou!i, and llluate at the
foot of the Cotdiilera mountains, on
one of the (Iturces of the Amu/on, 170
m 8 by w Quito. Lon. 78 30 w, Ut. %
56 s.

t'utrnavoca, a town of New Spain,
in the province of Mexico, leated in a
fertile ceuntry, .^5 in s Mexico.

Cujaviii, a province of Poland, on
the tclt bank of the VilhiU, including
the two palatinates of Wladillaw and
Brzeic. Wludiflaw is the capital.

('utlli/, a town of Swili'.-rl.md, in the
cantt)n of Bern, on the nk fide of the
lake of Geneva, U m Esr. Lauf.inne.

(■'uUuburvr, a town of Holland, in
Geldcrland, on the liviTLcck, 12 m sse
Utrecht.

CuUacan, a province of New Spain,
in the audience of Guadal.ixata ; bound-
ed on the n by Cinaloa, e by New Bif-
cay, s by Guadalaxara, and w by the
^ulf of California. It abounds with all
lorts of fruits, has many fait ponds, and
fevcral rich mines.

(Juliacan, a town of New Spain,
capital of the province of the lame
name. The population is eflimated at
10,800. It it) feated on the river Culia*

C U M

340 m Nw CuaJ:\(axani.

I. on.

can

IC6 iC! ^» , l;(t- 2.|. 56 N

(.'«.7<.'f, a boroufrfi of Scotland, in
B.<nfnii!rc, at the rnoiitli oi" the river
Cul'fii. It li'i'? ni.iiiiil:i(^tiires of ftock-
iiijiS, I'licn, an*' darjnlk, ami a trade in
frti'h and d\U-'\ fiih. N'ar it arc Hen
tlucc Idly fpiriiij; rocl-ii, ft-rnicd of
rirty nuifiVs, callfJ the 'I'hu'f Kipj's of
Ciilkii. Jt is ij ra vv by « Uanll", and
as i.xi. Kiglii.

i'ldlcn, a town of Irclriiid, in liic
coiDiiy (if Limerick. 18 u\ ki-. Limt-
rick, i.iid i3 w C.idici.

Cu'lcrat a town of Sp, In, in Valencia,
at tin: mouth of ilic Xucar, 21 in 8 Va-
leitoi.i.

('/.//oor, a town of Ilindooftan, in
Golroiuia, ctli l.i.i'ctt (vv ils diamutul
iriinct'.. n/5 :a is ilydia'j.ul. Lon. 80 j7

K, ]^t. 17 I-, N.

t'ulvi, a ci'.y of PrlunJ, cpiial of .1
pal.itinatr of the fame name, and a bi-
fl'.cjp'p ft e, with a catholic; uiiivciliiy.
It is <'ea:<'d on t)"; Viflula, 60 \n s D.uit-
zic. I.on J'' ,^0 n, .1 It. 5;i 24 n.

Cu.';vi>i-ic'<. a town vA' JManc. nia, for-
rtitrly tl.t. capi'a! of ,\ ma-^rava'c o'' Jie
lltHic i.'rimt-. N^af ill <"' a luoiintain,
Itand^ Llic fort-tfs of [*ialii'nl)i;vt:,uiiv'rc
thii archives of i\w princii-a'.ty were
prc^ri-.-ui, but they were raii,.vid to
"ayrcuth in r;?^. From its diilrid
llie whole ir.argravate wa;; formerly
calicd BraiuJ'-iibnvgCulaibach; !)Ut in
1736, IJM^ gcivcir.niint devolved into
another line, aaJ fince tliat time it has
been cnilid i-'rardtnbun'-llayrenth.
Culmbaeh is feated on tlie Maine, 13 m
NN wlijyvciith. Lon, 1 1 36 E,lat- ^oyN.
Cu!}/iorc, :\ town of Ireland, in the
county oi' L(ir.do:ule;Ty, with a fort at
tl;e w jjoint of Lonj^h Foyle, 5 m n by
E Lon;',ondeny.

Culrofs, a bjiOur;h of Scotland, in
Pertliniire, in a diftrift alniolt detached
by the Ihircs of Fife and CiacUmannan.
Here ib a prineciy abbey, linilt in 1590.
It is fitnate on the tide oia ii:ttTi hiil, by
the frith of F(;rth, ao i.i s l\;rlh, and zi
w:<\\ Edinbur^'.

Cumana., a province in the NT part
of Terra Firmu, in the goveinmciit of
Caraca'S ; bonndtd on the n and v. by
the lia, 8 by Paria, and w by Caracas.
The chief prodndts are cocoa and to-
bacco, bnt it is gifted with every variety
of territorial produdlion. The interior
is crowned by lofty mountains, and the
hijiiitft, Tumerccjuiri, is 5600 feet above
the level of ihe fea. In ti:is monntain
is the eavtrnof Guachaio, famed among
the Indians ; it is immcnte, and feivea

as a retreat (o tlionfnidu of noAurnal
birds, TvI;ofe fat yields the famous oil
of (Juacharo.

( ',v/.v<;;;a, the capital of the province
of the lume name, with a fortrefa on an
■mintncp. The inhabitants arc elli-
mated at 30,000, and noted for Ciini.
mcrcial activity and cnterprile. The
tifheri< s ;iie plmtiiul, and ialt being
C')nv<Mii('nt, great qnantities of tifh are
cnrrd, and feiit to the neighbouririvv
portf. and ill nids, which is the princi-
pd biar.ch of trade. This town w,n
nearly uelboyed by the great parth(|uakc
in liUi. It is fituate on the Man/.i-
narcb, nf.ir the entrance of liie g;ilf()t
C aiaeo, ilij in e Leon. Lon. 6.\ 34
w, Lit. 10 1?, N.

(Juumnagcii-i, a town of Terra Firn;!,
in the piDvincc of Ciiniana, at the
moulh oi the Ncvery, 60 m wby s Cu-
mana.

Vunibaria, an idand of the E Indie.s
bt^twten Lombock and Flores, 180 m
long and from :o to 40 broad. On the
V r.de, toward the w end, is a town of
the faiiie name. Lon. 116 58 B, lat. 8
37 s.

i'tmiljrLmdt ^ county of England,
bounded on the N by Scotland, e by
Northumberland, Durham, and Weft.
nv^rland, s by Lancaihire, and w by the
Irdh Ita and Solway frith. It is j8 m
. long and 30 broad, containing 958,089
acres ; is divided into five wards, .ind
IP3 pa; iihes ; has a city and 10 market,
towns; and fends fix members to par-
li.;ment. The number of inhabitant!
was 117,130 in j8oi, and i33>744 in
iDii. The mountains feed large flocks
Oi theep, and the valleys produce corn,
h:c. Tha; traifls of level land are neither
numerous nor extenfive, being chiefly
confined to the borders of the rivers and
towaid the N coaft. There are mines
of coal, lead, copper, iron, lapis caU-
minariH, and wad, or black-lead; the
latter are near Borrowdale, and almolt
peculi.ir to this county. The principal
marmiiclnres are cotton and canvas,
and tbtre are fonie iron-work?. Skid-
daw, Saddleback, and Crofs-fell are the
principal nujuntains. The chief rivers
are the Eden and Dtivvent ; and its ce-
lebrated lakes are Derwent- water, Baf-
icnthwaite-watcr, Butttrmere, Cro-
mack-water, Lowes-water, Ulls-water,
Watt-water, Ennerdale-vvater, _ and
Leathcs-water. Carlifle is the capital.
Cumbcrlav.dy a river of the United
States, which ifll'ues from the Cumber-
land mountains, on the borders of Vir-
ginia, Hows svv through Kentucky into

H St.
o.v.

Qimbo, a ki
Africa, s of

Portuguefc hi

cheo.

Cumhray,
'Hands of Scoi
the frith of C
of Bute. The
ference, hasex
ind the ruins
to St. Columb
tothesofthe
iouli;. Lon. ,

Cumiana, a
sw' 1'urin.

Cumly, a foi

ftanj in Canara

»"8 at their e

'*ke, *hich is

alpitoffand.

the s river, is i

fo which it w

''%e. It is

,^"par, a bo

P'UlofFife/hin

coar/e linens an

t'f inhabitants

\ri^in 18 u.

''Xi on the n

of noftvunal
c famous oil

the provinc*
tbrtrcfs on .in
iuts arc cS\.[-
)tcd for oni-
crprile. Tlic
id lalt JK'ing
ics of fiih arc

neighbouring;

JB the priuci-
['hia towu WMS
eat rarthtpiakc
,n the M;ui/..i-

of ihe p-.ilfot
in. Lon. 64 i+

)f Ti-rra Firii :i,
iinianai at the
) in why a Cu-

jf the E Indies,
, Florcs, 180 m
broad. Ontho
nd, is a town of
,1658 E, lat. 8

ity of England,
■ Scotland, e by
ham, andWcft-
irc, and w by the
lith. It 13 58 m
ntaining 958,080
five wards, and
y and 10 market'
members to par-
of inhabilaiiti

and i33>744 >"
ifced large flocks

ys produce corn,
:\ lai\d are neither
ve, being chiefly
s of the rivers and
There are mines
iron, lapis caU-
black-lead; the
dale, and almolt
The principal
tton and canvas,
■on-works. Skid-
Crols-fell are the
The chief rivers
went ; and its ce-
rwent- water, Bal-
uttermere, Cro-
vater, UHs-wattr.
dale-water, , and
fie is the capital-
er of the United
from the Cumber-
h« borders of Vir-
,gh Kentucky uito

V

CUP

the ftate of TcnnelTec, wiicro It pafTes by
Nafljville; it then takes a NWcoinii.',
rt'-i'nteri Kentucky, and joins the Ohio
about la m above the inHux of the
TennefTec It i.s navigable for hi(;«
vcflels to Nadivillc, and its v-liole
length is cftimated to be above ^^,0 m.

Lumber landy a town and fort of New
Brunlwick, in a county of the lam*
name, noted for cn;il mines. The f(irt
i'l fituate at the head of the bay of
Fundy, on the e fide of its northern
branch. Lon. 64 10 w, lat. 45 45 n.

Cumberland, <i town of Maryland,
chief of Allc^'aiiy county. It It.nids on
both fides of Wills creek, at its entrance
into the Potomac, 95 tn wmw Waflj-
ington. Lon. 78 46 w, lat. 39 36 n.

Cumberland, an iflarid on the coaft of
Georgia, thr mcft routhcru territory of
the United States on the Atlantic ocean.
It is 15 m long and a brodd. Oppofite
its s extremity is the iHand Amelia, and
between them is the entrance of St.
Mary river.

Cumberland^ a bay on the sr coaft of
Cuba, formerly called Guantanamo. In
J 741, it was vifited by admir.sl Vernon,
v;ho built a fort, and gave it this name ;
and the river that enters the harbour he
named Augufta. The port is one of the
bed in Americ , and capable of Ihelter-
ing any number 01 veffels. It is 50 m
t St. Jago. Lon. 73 i» w, lat. 20

oN.

Cumio, a kingdom on the w coaft of
Africa, « of the river Gambia. The
Portuguefe have a fettlement at Ca-
cheo.

Cumbrat/, Great and Little, two
iflands of Scotland, at the entrance of
the frith of Clyde, to t>.e se of the ille
of Bute. The former is 6 m in circum-
ference, has excellent freeftone quarries,
and the ruins of a cathedral dcdicatecl
to St. Columba. I'he latter lies a little
to the s of the other, and on it is a light-
houie. Lon. 4 47 vv, lat. 55 45 n.

Cumiana, a. town of Piedmont, 13 m
sw Turin.

Cumlt/, a fort and town of Hindoo-
ftan, in Cunara, feated between two ri-
vers at their entrance into a fait water
like, vhich is feparated from the Tea by
afpit of fand. On the oppofite fide of
the s river, is the town of Kanyapura,
to vi/hich it was formerly joined by a
bridge. It is 15 m s by f. Mangalore.

Cupar, a borough of Scotland, ca-
pital of Fifelhire, with manufaftures of
coarfe linens and leather. The number
of inhabitants was 3150 in tSoi, and
4fs8 in 1 8 u . It is feated in a rich val-
Ityi on the n fide of the £dcn, S m w

CITS

by s St.'Andresv, and no nne Edln-
bun?. Lon. a "ii w, Ut. 56 16 N.

Cupar, a town <>' •Scotland, in Forfar-
flii'.e, w'th a con TkIi.- ruble linen manii-
fa.5turc ami a taiinnry. It h fr.ated on
a rivulet thnt flows into the Illfi, ii m
N\v Dun(!e'.-,aiiil 12 nnik Perth.

Curaga:j, an iil.uid in the Caribean
Tea, 45 m from the co.ift of Tfrni
l'.'*-m>i. It is j5 m long hhJ la bread ;
pi!) bices f!i^iir,colicc, .uiJ cott(>i] ; has
numi 10113 w.trchoufe^, always full uf the
commodities of liurope and the eaft ;
and carries on a great trade, wliciher in
peace or in war. In 1800, fome French
having fettled on part of the ifland, and
bi'oming at variance with the Dutch,
the lutcr i'urrendered the ifland to a
finglc Biitiih frigate. It wa-, reftored
to r.ie Dutch by the peace of 1802, and
tak^Mi iwwn them by three Britifh fri-
gates in 1807. The principal town is
St. Peter, at the ne extremity of the
illand, with a good harbijur defended
by a fort and batteries. Lon. 69 15 w,
lat. la 21 N.

Curia Maria, an ifland on the coaft
of Arabia Felix, oppofite the moulh of
the Prim. Lon. ^$ 25 k, lat. 17 o n.

Curifch ila[f, a lake or bay of Pruffia,
lying along "the Baltic, 70 m in length-
It is wide toward the s, but narrow to
the N, where it communicates with the
Baltic, at Memel.

Citrrah, a town of Hindooftan, in
Allahabad, on the right bank of the
Ganges, 36 m nw Allahabad.

Currucdea, a town of Hindooftan,
in Bengal, on the river Adji, 100 m nw
Calcutta. Lon. 86 ao e, lat. 24 25 Nf.

Currucpoiir, a town of Hindooftan,
in Bengal, feated in a mount.'iinous di-
ftri(5l, 127 m nw Moorfhedabud. Lon.
86 43 E, lat. ac r n.

Curupa, a town of Brafil, in the go-
vernment of Para, feated on the cftuary
of the Amazon, 350 m w Para. Lon.
53 TO vv, lat. 1 50 s.

Curzola, an ifland in the gulf of Ve-
nice, on the coaft of Dalmatia, about a6
m long. It abounds in wood, proper
for building (hips, and produces good
wine. At the e end is a lortified town
of the fame name, with a good harbour.
Lon. 17 10 E, lat. 43 6 n.

Cufco, a city of Peru, and a biftiop's
fee, formerly the capital of tlie incas.
The Spaniards, under Pizarro, took
poffeflion of it in 1534- On a mou* -
tain contiguous to the N part of the
city are the ruins of a foit and palace of
the incas, the ftones of which are of an
enormous magnitude. Cufco is built
in a fquarc form, in the middle of which

-OilV

III

e::

>■ I-

i i'\

C YP

18 the bed market in all Amorica : four
large flrcets wliicli :ire pcrfecftly ftrsipht,
terminate in thcfqiiarc. It contaiin nine
churches, bcRde the cathedral, ivliich \h
a noble ftriidure. The number of in-
habitants is about 10.000. of which
three- fourths are original Americans.
Streams of water run through the town,
which arc a great convcniency in a
country where it fi-idom rains. It is
350 m B by s Lima. Lon. 71 47 w, lat.
13 o s.

Cujhaiy a river of N Carolina, which
runs into Albemarle Ibund-

^ujjifl, a townjof France, in the de-
partment of Allier, 37 m « by e Mou-
!ins.

Cujhin, a fortified town of Branden-
burg, capital of the New m:iik, with a
caftle. In 1760, it was bombarded and
almoft deftroytd by the Riiflians. It is
ieated amid moraflVs, at the conflux
of the "'. arta with the Oder, 4('i m e
by N Berlin. Lou. 14 52 e, lat. '%
38 N.

Cutais, or Aotntis, the chief town of
Imcritia, lurrounded by a thick wall with
Itrong towers. Here is a palace for the
prince, and the remains of a fine cathe-
dral. In 1770 it was taken by the Ruf-
fians. It is I'eated in a fertile plain, on
the river Rioni, loo m www Teflis.
Lon. 43 5 E, lat. 4z 3a N.

Cutaj/ Malalaiuadi, a town of Hin-
dooftan, in Myfore, with a large mud
fort, 47 m w Seringapatam.

(^utclh a country of Hindooftan, go-
verned by a rajah. It lies on the se of
Sindy : the e branch of the Indus fepa-
rating the two countries, extends alonjr
the N coaft of the gulf of Cutch, and
is feparated from Guzerat by tlie river
Puddar. It abounds with hills, woods,
and fandy wilds. The capital is Booge-
booge.

CuA'haven, a feaport of Lower Sax-
ony, ill the duchy of Bremen, at the
mouth of the Elbe. Here are only a
few hovels and a windmill ; but it was
lately the port for the Englilh packets
to Hamburg ; and paflengers, while on
(hore, v/ere accommodated at Ritzen-
buttle, half a mile diftant. Cuxhaven
is 60 m Nw Hamburg. Lon. 8 40 e,
lat. Si 50 N'

Cuyck, a town of Dntcii Brabant, in
a fmail territory of the fame name, 6 m
BSE Grave.

Cyprus, an ifland in the Mediterra-
nean, near the coaft of Syria. It was
taken by the Turks from the Venetians
in 1570. It is 160 m in length, and
70 at its greatcft breadth ; pervaded by
a chain of mountains, the higheft of

CZ R

which ii called Olympus. The foil f»
.Ml excellent fertile clay ; and if the jro-
vi.rument would jjivc cncouragenif nf to
ilie natives to beindullrioiis, they tnii^ht
mike it a paradifc; i»r the monntaiiis
arc covered with hyacinths, ammonits,
and other beautiful flowers. Thechiit"
prodiiL^sare apricots, oranges, filk, cut-
ton, vyine, honey, turpentine, and tim-
her. There is one archbifliop and three
bilhops. The priefts are exiremcly \^.
norant, and they iiibmittothe molt ftr-
vile employment to get money. The
collume of the Cyprian lidies confip-s of
a hoaddrcfs modelled after the kind of
calathm roprclented upon the I'iicni-
ciiii idols of the country. Their hair,
died of a fine brown colour by means of
a plant called Kcuna, hangs behind in
numerous Ion;,' llraight braids; and in
fome rini;l(tr.,difpo(ed near the f.ice, are
faftened hloffoms of the jafmine, (Irung
togetlicr in a pleafing manner. Some
poflcfs the (t?cret of giving a brown co-
lour to the whiti'ft locks, and alfo tinge
their eyebrows of the fame hue. The
upper robe is of fcarlet, crimfon, or
green filk, etnbroidered with gold.
Like other Greek women they wear
fcarlet pantaloons, faficoed round the
ankle, and yellow boots, with flippers
of the fame colour. About their waifts
they have a broad belt or zone, faftened
in front by a large clafp of poliflied brals
or mother-of-pearl. They expoie the
bofom ; and around the neck, and from
the head, arc fufpcnded a profufion of
gold coins, chains, and other trinkets.
Notwithftanding the pains they ufe in
disfiguring their natural beauty by ill-
leleifted ornaments, the women of Cy-
prus are taller and handfomcr than
thole of anyotherGrecian ifland. Hence
were poflibly derived thofe celebrated
models of female beauty, confpicuous
in the works of Grecian artifts ; models
feledled from the throng of Cyprian vir-
gins, who, as priefteflels of Venus, offi-
ciated at the Paphian Ihrinc. Nicofia is
the capital.

Cyr, St. a village of France, 2 m from
Veriailles, celebrated for an abbey found-
ed by madame de Maintenon, who was
the abbefs till her death in 17 19.

Czajlau, a town of Bohemia, cnpital
of a circle of the fame name The
church has the higheft tower in Bohe-
mia. Near this place the king of Prtif-
fia gained a vidory over the Auftrians
in 1742. It is feated on the Crudenka,
40 m ESE Prague. Lon. 15 24 e, lat.
4950N.

Czen/Joioiv, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Cracow, with a fortified

convent or
Waria, 50

Daier, a tow
in a cirJe of it!
gard.

Dabul, a tow
coaft of Concan,
andialt; feated
;5 m s by s Bo
'«. 17 50 N.

l^acca, a city
gal, to the Eof 1
Ifie Ganges, bu
communicates w
It was once the
I defended by a /
mains of which
Irade in muflins,
"loft delicate one
[ 'n Europe, from

The foil if*
nd if the pf>-
irapenuiit to
I, they ini'^Mu
e mountains
I, ancmoiufs,
I. The chill"
ges, filkjcut-
nc, and tim-
lop and tliree
cxiiemcly i^;-
ithe moil fcr-
moncy. 'Iht-
lies con fiP- sol'
r the kind of
n the Pheni-
Their hair,
ir by means of
ngs behind in
jruids ; and in
\r the fici', are
almine, ftrung
lAnntT. Some
ig a brown co-
and alfo tinge
ime hue Tht;
t, crimfon, or
d with gold,
len they wear
ned round the
i, with nippers
out their waifts
r zone, faftened
if polifhed brafs
hey expol'e the
neck, and from
a prof n lion of
other trinkets,
lina they ufe in
1 beauty by ill-
women of Cy-
andfomcr than
n ifland. Hence
lofe celebrated
ty, confpicuous
artifts; models
of Cyprian vir-
of Venus, offl-
ine. Nicofiais

ranee, a m from
an abbey found-
tenon, who was

in i7i9«
lohemia, cnpital
ne name- The
tower in Bohe-
,he king of Pruf-
er the Auftrians
n the Crudenka,
15 24 F., lat.

3f Poland, in the
with a fortified

D AC

convtnt on a mountain, by the river
Warta, /-o m n by w Cracow.

(zercnffi, a town of Ruin.i, In the
Ukraine, with a cafth', fcaled near the
Dnieper, 85 m ^>E Kiof. Lon. 32 ^ t,
lal- 49 o N.

Cztrne/z, a town of European Tur-
key, in Walachia, near the Duuibc, 1 10
m w Bucliorell- Lon. 29 44 E.-lai. 41
aj N.

Czernikott, a town of Uiiflia, capital
of a duchy of the f.imu name, with a
c »ftU'. It is feated on the Del'na, 70 m
N by E Kiof.

29 N.

Lon. 31 53 E, lat. 51

Czerjkf a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Mnfovia, fcated on the
Viftula, 30 m sse Warfaw.

(Jzernveniza, a town of Upper Hun-
gary, famous for mines of opal, a noble
gem not yet difcoveied in any other
region of the globe. It is 15 m n Caf-
fovia.

CzirnitZt a town of Carniol.i, remark-
able for its lake, which produces grafs
and corn every year. The lake is fiir-
rounded by mountains, and in dry fea-
fons is from ao *o 25 m in circumfer-
ence ; but when full it is 40 m round,
and contains feveral iflands, on the
largeft of which is a village. When the
water fubfides, buckwheat is fown on
the dry parts, and becomes ready for
the fickle in fix weeks ; and the paftur-
age is not hurt by the water if it docs
not ftay too long. The town is fituate
on the Nw part of the lake, co m s by
wLaubach.

Czongrodty a town of Hungary, at
the conflux of the Ttifie and Kerea, 13
m N Segedin.

D.

Daber, a town of Hither Pomerania,
in a cirJe of its name, 16 m n ^f e Star-
gard.

Dabul, a town of Hindooftan, on the
coaft of Concan, with a trade in pepper
and fait ; feated at the mouth of a river,
75 m s by E Bombay. Lon. 73 53 b,
lat. 17 50 N.

Dacca, a city of Hindooftan, in Ben-
gal, to the E of the principal ftream of
the Ganges, but on a branch which
communicates with the Burrampooter.
It was once the capital of IJengal, and
defended by a ftrong fortref-;, the re-
mains of which appear. It has a vaft
trade in mufiins, and manufafturcs the
nod delicate ones, lo much fought aficr
[in Europe, from the cotton produced

D A H

In the province. The country round
Dacca lies low, and is always covtreil
with verdure during the dry months. It
i^ 150 in NE Calcutta. Lon. 90 32 e,
lut. IT, 42 .V.

Dachau, a town of !^ivaria, witl) a
palace ; feated on a hill, near the
river Amber, 10 m knw Munich.

Dachjhnclif a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Iiayreuth, 22 m 8
Haml/erg.

Dachjiein, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Rhine, with a
palace that belonged to the fee of .Straf-
burg; fituate on the Bieuch,tJm wStral-
burg.

Dn/ar, or Dofar,!i feapott of Arabia
Felix, governed by a Iheik, who is a
Ibvereign prince. It is feated on a bay
of the fame name, on the se coaft. Lon.

54 10 K, lat. 17 20 N.

Dagliejian, a province of Afia, bound-
ed on the .N by Caucafia, t by the Caf-
pian fea, s by Schirvan, and w by
Georgia. It Is almoll entirely moun-
tainous, inhabited chiefly by Tartars,
and lubjed to Ruflia. Derbend is the
capital.

Dagno, a town of European Turkey,
in Albania, near the conflux of the
Drino and Nero, 13 m se Scutari.

Dagoy or Dagao, an ifland in the
Baltic, on the coaft of Livonia, 7 m n of
the ifle of Oefel. It Is ao h* in circum-
ference, and has two caftles, called Da-
gerwort and Paden. Lon. sa 56 e, lat.
58 44 N.

iJagJborough, a town of Delaware, in
Sufltx county, on a branch of Indian
river, which enters the ocean to the s of
Delaware bay. It is 50 m s by k Dover.

Dahl, a river of Sweden, which flows
through Dalecarlla and on the s confines
of Geftrlcia, and enters the gulf of
Bothnia, to the se of Gefle. It is a con-
fiderable Itream, but fometimes expands
into lakes, and in general too (hallow
for the purpofes of navigation. Near
Efcarleby, not far from its mouth, it
forms a celebrated cataradt, little infe-
rior to that of the Rhine at LaufFen.

Daliomy, a kingdom of Guinea, to
the N of Whidah, fuppofed to reach
180 m inland, though no European
has penetrated above lialf the diftancc.
The country is fertile, yielding a plen-
tiful lupply of farinaceous vegetables
and tropical fruits ; alfomdigo, cotton,
fugar-cane, tobacco, pa'm oil, and a
variety of fpices. The religion of Da-
homy confifts of a jumbh- of fupcifti-
tious ctrcmonjcs, ol which It is impof.
Able to convey any fatisfadtory idea.
The government is perhaps the moft

HI

m

i

\' \ A

•r ' s ■: ?

W {\

•'■^m-

DAL

perfc(Jl" defpotifm in tlio worlil ; for the
policy ;i(JmifM oi no inter ncdi.itt tl<(iric
of lubordination bftwfen king and (lave,
at le.ifl in tin* royal prcfencc, whcro the
prime minil>(T proOralcs liimlclf with as
niufli Ah}i'd\ tiibmiilion as tin.- nicanvft
fiibii(5t. Tlif i*in>i ni.iiniaiiis a conli-
Jrrablo ftandinjj aiiiiy, conii;',andv.'d by
an ngaow, or jicncral, ;uul otlicr fiibor.
dinatc oiilccvs, who nnift hold them-
fclvcs in readincfs to takt the field, at
the command ot the fovcicipn. On ex-
traordinary otcifioits, all the mahs able
to bear arms art oblig'-d to repair to
the general's Onndard ; every c iboecer
marching at the luadof his own people.
Sometimes the king takes the tiel(i at
the head of iiis tioeps ; r.iid- on vtry
great emergencies, at the h( .id of hij
women. In the diffiient royai palnces,
in Dahomy, are immured nol h Is than
3000 women ; leveral hundreds of
whom are trained to arms, under a
female general, and other oflicers. 1 lie
general chira(5ter of the Daliomans ia
marked by a mixinr*^ of ferocity and
politenclB : the i\)rm<.'r appears in the
treatment of their enemies ; the latter
they jioflcis far above the African r>a-
tions with whom iinropeaus have hi-
therto had any interconrle. The capital*
Aboir.y, (lands in Ion. c 5 e, lat. 8 5 n.

Dalaca, or Dnhala, an ifland in the
Red iea, ner.r the coaft of Abyflinia, 40
m long and 6 broad. It is fertile, popu-
lous, and remarkable for a pearl fijhery.
The inhabitants are blacks, and great
enemies to the Mohamedans. Lon. 40
10 E, lat. 15 44 N.

Daiaj!;oa ; lee Delagoa-

Dalbeattie, a village of Scotland, la m
E by N Kirkcudbright. It (lands near
the mouth of the Orr in Solway frith,
and has a convenient harbour for fmall
vefTelfi.

Dalby, a village of Scotland, in Ayr-
fhire, 7 ns nnw Irvine. It has a cotton
manufadlure, and near it are coal mines,
and a fulphureous fpring.

Daleburgy a town of Sweden, capital
of Dalia, fituate on the sw (ide of Lake
VVcnner, 60 m n by E Gothcburg.
Lon. II 59 E, lat. 58 35 N.

Dalecar/ia, a province of Sweden, in
the divifion of Sweden Proper, between
Nordland and the mountain.? of Nor-
way. It is 270 m long and from 40 to
120 broad. The principal pmdniftions
are corn and hemp ; and it contains
many foreds, mountains, dales, and
lakes, with numerous mines of filver,
copper, and iron, and ibme quarries of
porphyry. The capital is Fahlun

DaUm, a town of the iSetherlands,

DAM

in the duchy of Limburg, capital of t
territory of the failie name. It is fituate
on the Bervine, 15 m Nw Limburg.

Dalen, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Hoc lately of Germany,
ill the duchy of Julirrii ; fituate on the
Bervint, 15 m nnw Jnliers.

Dalia, a province of Sweden, in
Gotliland, to the w of Wermcland and
Lake Wenner. It is 85 m long and 40
broad. The n part is full of mountains,
fortlh, and lakes ; but to the a ii pro-
duces corn fnflicient for the inhabitantii.
Cattle, fi(h, butter, and chetlc are the
chief articles. The capital in Daleburg.
Dn'.kiith, a town of Scotland, in
Edinbuigihire, with a great market on
Thnrfday, for corn and oatmeal. Here
is Dalkeith -houfe, the magnificent feat
of the dnkt of Buccleugh ; and a little
to the s is Ncwbottle-abbcy, an elegant
feat of tlie marquis of Lothian, erefled
on the file of the ancient abbey. Dal-
keith is leatt-d on a ftripof land, between
the N and S F(k, 6 ni sk Kdinburg.

fhilmatia, a conntry of Europe, for-
merly a kingdom ; bounded on the ne
by Bofnia and Servia, se by Albania,
sw b)r the gulf of Venice, and nw by
Croatia. It is divided into Venetian,
Turkifli, Ragufan, and Hungarian Dal-
matlai and the capitals are Spalatro,
Herzegovina, Ragufa, and Segna. The
Venetian and Hungarian parts, by the
treaty of Prefburg, were annexed to
the kingdom of Italy ; the Ragufan ter-
ritory was afterward added ; and in
1809 they were transferred to France.
See Morlachia-

Dalftotif a village in Cumberland,
6 m s by w Carlifle. It (lands on the
Caldew,and has various branches of the
cotton manufa6lnre.

Da/ton, a town in Lancalhire, with
A market on Saturday. Here are the
remains of an ancient caftle, and near it
are the magnificent ruinj of Furnei's
abbey. It is feated in a champaign
country, not far from the fea, 6 m sw
Ulverfton, and 265 nnw London.

Damanhtir, a town of Egypt, near the
canal of Alexandria, 3» m ese Alex-
andria.

Damar, a town of Arabia, in Yemen,
with a univerfity, 60 m s by b Sana.

Damafcus, or Shamy a city of Syria,
capital of a Tuvkidi pachalic, and the
fee of 3 Greek archbi(hop. The form
is an exad fquare, each fide being a mile
and a half ; and is fuppofed to contain
180,000 inhabitants, among whom are j
great numbers of Chriftians and Jews. It
had three walls, now almoft entirely,ruin-
edj and of the feveral fuburba which it

formerly

^vhich 18 ]

flow acroi

f"9. whicl

P'y the pt

T" d info <

IJiii/t of Wt

ivhcre (he,

""PIC are o

iii'ides are

'fmarkalrJe

/iirics, xvhic

/iipp.,rr(.cl I

ronndiiig ^

nftle ly \i\if^

'wn ftreef, ^

Damafcus ft,

Pzine. Tin

«"• about ;o,

t.'ic mo/l ftat,

t'an church.

''"^ city and r,

Mch fide of w

iorts of rich m

wal manufadt

among which )

"as been mail f

f'W Barada, j,

■io s Aleppo.

jo K.

J^afnatm,arc

Ife conntry of I

f 'Jie gulf of ,

^ "fged it, aboiJ

andiry, with an

™/.'''egarrifon,

?""^camp guaJ

/"'wffied thofel

pM, (hat they tj

m trampled to

'"«^"'>jec5l to t\

'°;,Surat. Lon.

In /"{'<?•««. or [

P'ia.inMazandi

r P'ajn, famoul

. ^^dir Shah ovi
'J'Aflerab4d,af

fraiiia, with a cl
/■Jn''s. r8 m w
\'i?'»'ano, St. a I
Montferrat, i8j
JW/a.a tov,J
F'f archbiihop'3

fcNile. It ha J
™« grand mofquel
li'^'th marble. ^
fr ^9'" Egypt,

^"ft"ff»,fiiks,faf
L^^/iie Chriftiar
Pafcu, carry o„ ♦
^^"rka being i„d

pUM of «
t is fitvute
iburg.
in il«« de-
Germany,
late on the

weden, ill
mcland and
loni? and 40
mountains,

lie 8 ii P»o-
inhabitants.

etle are the
iflDaleburg.
icotland, m
Lt market on
meal. Here
gnificent feat
• and a Vitlle
!y, an elegant
thian. erefted
abbey. Dal-
land, between

Kdinburg.
f Europe, for-
ced on thvi Ne
E by Albania,
e, and nw by
into Venetian,
iungarian Dal-
8 arc Spalatro,
ndSegna. The
n parts, by the

re annexed to
heRagufanter-

ddcd i and m
[rred to France.

Cumberland,
It ftands on the
branches of the

ancafhire, with

Here are the

ftle, and near it

ina of Furnels

in a champaign

he fea, 6 m bW

, London.

I, SVsE Alex-

formerly had, there remnlns only one,
which is ,1 m in h'ni^th. Si veral llreams
flow acrofs the fertile plain f»f Datnaf-
CU3, v\hicli water all the gardens, fup-
ply the pul)lic fountains, and arc car-
rird into every hi)ufe. The houfis are
hiiilt of wood, with iheir fronts inward,
where there is a conrt ; in the (tret 1 3
there are only wall . to be fcciu hiiu the
infides are richly adorned. The moll
cemarkahle buiklinjrs are the caravaii-
firics, which coiifift of loiij; galleries
iupptirted by marble piihrti, and i\\v-
rounding a large f(|uare court. The
caftle ill like a little town, having its
own ftrccts and houlen; and the famous
Damafcus fteel was kept here in .1 m i-
pzinc. The mofijuca, of which there
arc abont 200, arc iiandfome edifices
the moft (lately of which was a Chrif-
tian church. One ftrcet runs aerofs
the city and fuburb in a diredl line, on
each fide of which arc (hops, where all
forts of rich merchandife are fold. Se-
veral manufactures are carried on here,
jmong which that of liibres and knives
has been molt famous. It (lands on the
river Baiuda, 20 m nnb Jerufalem, and
150 s Aleppo. Lon. 36 40 e, lat. ^^

Damaun, a fcaport of Hindooftan, in

I tlie country of Baglana, at the entrance
of the gulf of Cambay. Aurungzehe

I I fieged it, alxiut the middle of the i^th
lantury, with an army of 40,000 men ;

kttlie garrifon Tallying out on a part
jst hid camp guarded by 200 elephants,
liuterrified thofe animals by their fire-
lams, that they turned on their mailers,
juid trampled to death half his army.

'tis fulyedl to the Portuguefe, and 60

Lon.

7247

n, lat. 2o 18 N.

Ids Sural.

l^imegan, or Diimgariy a town of

iPi.fu, in Mazanderan, fituate in a fpaci-

ps plain, famous for a victory gained

|j Nadir Shah over the Afghans, 50 m

iw Adcrabad, and 90 e Sari.

Damgarth:, a town of Hither Po-

braiiia, with a caftle, feated on the

ficknils, 18 m w Stralfund.

\Jiamiano, St. a town of Piedmont,

fMontferrat, i8m w by n Vercelli.

Wamietta, a town of Egypt, and a

peek archbilhop's fee, with a good

ybour,"at one of the eaftern mouths

[tlie Nile. It has feveral fquares, va-

m grand mofques, and public baths

itd with marble. The rice mezelaoui,

Hneft of Egypt, is cultivated in the

^hbouring plains. Here arc likewife

an (lufTs, lilks, fal ammoniac, wheat.

The Chriftians of Aleppo and

^^,j^ ^ „ . . Bafcus carry on the principal trade ;

fuburba which »t HiTurks being indolent, and content-

Irabia, in Yemen,

s by B Sana.
,,acityofSym,

lachalic, and^t^^
lop. The form
■fide being a mile
^ofed to contain

fmong w^"«^f,';
\ian8andjcws.lt

\oftentirely.ruin;

DAN

inij ihcmftlvts with occafional extor-
tiniit. It is (jo in NNC Cairo. Lon. 31
4i K, lat. 31 %<> s.

Durum, a town of Further Pomera-
nia, with a eoiiiiderable trade In (leel
manuCaiftuits ; fc'ted on the Oder, 8 m
u-;k Stettin.

Diii,ii>;e, a town of the N(?tlierlaiids,
in Flaiidrrs, (cated on the canal be-
twein Sluy:i and llruijes, 5 m n by E
I5riiges.

IhiNinte, a town nf Holland, in Gro-
niiig'i), f.att'd on the Damfter, 14 m
Nt Groningcn.

Datmctz ; fee Doatlz.

J^nitburi/, a town of ConneiSlicnt, in
Fairfn-ld county, with two cliuichei.
On its (mail (i:rcai?is are iron-works,
and (t:ver.il mills. This town, v'th a
large quantity of military ftore.*, vv:is
burnt by flic Pritiih in 1777. It is co
m S'NW Faii field, and 65 nnk Nt;vv
\otk.

Davhinyt a village in EflH x, 5 m p:
Clielmsford, a-.d 16 w of the fa. It
ftands on tht. highcft ground in the
county, a\ il ihe fpire of the church
ferves as a feamark.

Danatlif a country in the e part of
AbylTinia. The ("oil is unproJuvftive ;
and its chief riches confift in fulfil fait
and honey. It is governed by a prince
nominally tributary to the negus, or
emperor of Abyffiuia. Bailur is llic
principal town.

Daugala \ fee Dongo/a.

Danger, IjUs of, three ill mds in the
Pacific ocean, feen by Hyron in 1765,
but fo furrounded by rocks and break-
ers, that it ' -.s unf.ife to attempt to
land. The commodore (iippoftd them
to be the iflands llvn by Qiiiros, in
the beginning of the 17th century, and
named Soluinon Ifiands. Lon. 169 i8
w, lat. 10 15 s.

LXaunaya.ka, a town of Hindooftan,
in the province of Coimbetore, with a
large fort, tcated on the Bhawiiri, a
little above the influx of the Mayar, 33
mN ('oimbctore, and 42 w Bhawani-
kudal.

Danntherg, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, in the duchy of Luneburg, ca-
pital of a diftri(5^ of the fame name, it
is fcatcd on the Jetze, near the J^lbe, 30
ni u by s Luneburg. Lon. ii lo £, lat.
53 10 N.

Dant%ic, ont of the richeft cities of
Europe, lately the capital of WPruflia.
It is encompafied by a wall, and fortifi*
cations of great extent. The inhabitants
are eftimated at 36,000. It has a very
good harbour, and wants nothing but
depth. The houfes are of fix or leyen

i

'I it

'<(, ••III

'ki> r

'm , I

*t4 I

n A R

florics ; and tlif granarifn liave ftill
int IV, to whicli thf (liipn I'e cIoCc, inil
take in their lading. Hen* are iz
Luthcnn chuichcs, two f«:r Calvinifls,
nnd one for R()m<in c.itholiCH ; and a
collrgt; provided wiili very Itariud pro-
fi fTniH. It carries on a j:riattradi', par-
liciilaily in corn, tallow, It-aihcr, wool,
timber, and naval Oorcs. In 1709, up-
ward of 24,000 ptrfons difd of the
plague. It waaafrtehaiik-atic town, un-
dct the prott^dliun of Poland ; but, in
179.3, it iiibmitled to the kiii}jof PriilUa,
who forcibly ufiirpcd the fovcreipiity,
in a fecond partition of the PoliOi do-
minions. In 1807 it Airrcnrlercd to the
French, after being bombarded a month ;
and by the treaty of Tilfit, it wa3 rtftor-
ed to its foinier independence, under
the proteflion of Pruflia and Saxony.
It is feated on the w branch of the \"\l-
tula, near its entrance into the Baltic,
85 m w&w Konigfbcrg, and 170 nw
Warfaw. Lon. it 38 e, lat. 54 ti n.

Danube, the iargeft river in Europe,
called Ifter by the ancients. It riies at
Donauelchingeii, in Suabi «, and flows
NE byUlm; tlven i through Bavaria
and Auilria, by Ratifbon, PafTau, Kns,
and Vienna ; it then enters Hungary,
and runs SE by Prefljurg, Buda, and
Belgrade; after which it divides Bulga-
ria from Walachia, Moldavia, and Bef-
farbia, and then enters by five channels
into the Black fea. It begins to be
navigable for boats at Ulm, and is ib
deep between Buda and Belgrade, iliat
the Turks and Germans have had fliips
of war upon it ; yet it is not navigable
to the Black fca, on account of the ca-
taraAs. From its fourcc to the Black
fea, it traverfes a courfe of above
1300 m.

Danvert, a town of MafTachufets, in
Eflcx county, adjoining Salem on the
NW. It has many workfliops of me-
chanics, and manufadlures of coarfe
earthen ware.

DanviJlt, a town of Kentucky, in
Mercer county, fiiuate in a fertile plain,
on Dick river, 35 m »sw Lexington, and
70 SI Louifville.

Darabjerdi a town of Perfia, in Far-
fiftan. It is large, but not populous ;
and has a manufacture of glafs. It is
furrounded with groves of or;inge and
Icmon-trees, and the vicinity produces
immenfe quantities of the fineft tobac-
co. It flands on an rxtenfive plain, 140
m ESE bhiras. Lon. 54 56 k, lat. 28
56 N.

Darah, or Dras, a country mi Bar-
bary ; bounded on the n by bus, e by
Tafilet, 1 by Zahara, and w hj the At*

D A R

lantic. A river of the fame name fluwi
thr'jugh if, which fiitrrs the A'laiiiit
on the • fide of Capf Non. The prii .
cipal produce In ii digo anddateH. The
iiih ibitaiits are Arahs and Mohain^-
dan» ; and fomr of the c'iftri- of the
country are di pendent on M ;. occo.

l)tirti/>oram, a town of Ilind^x ftan,
cnpil il of the s part of Coimbetore. Jt
has a lirge mud fort, and ftraight and
wide fticets. Much c(>tlonainl lohacco
arc cultivati'd in the vicinity, and the
gardm and lice grounds are confuler.
able. It i-^ feated near the Amarawati,
4^ m E 'K ( oimbctore, anil 106 w Tan-
joie. Lon. 77 40 K, lat. 1047 N.

Dai.'n, a town and fort of Lowfr
Hungary, built by the Turks in i6fi«,
and taken by the Auftrians the next
ye:ir. It is feated near the Dravc, at
the end of the bridge of F.flck, 8 tn s
Uaruny.

DarJnnellfSy twocaftlcsof Tin key,
the one, called Seftos, feated in Ko.
mania j the other, culled Abydo?, in
Natolia. They command the middle 1
and uarrowelt part of the ftrait of Ga|.
lipoli. At the latter, the cargoes of all
fliips failing from ConOantinople are]
fearched. Lon. 26 26 c, lat. 40 i« n.

Darempoury , a town of HinciooftanJ
in Myfore, 98 m ise Seringiipatam.
Lon. 78 24. E, lat. 12 6 N.

Darfoor, a kingdom of Africa, on thff
borders of Nubia and Negro I mil, go<|
vcrned by a chief who calls himkif j'ulT
tan, and aflumes the moft exiravaganJ
titles. The wild animals are lionsJ
leopard.s, hyxnns, wolves, and buffaiosj
the domeftic are camels, goats, IheepJ
and beeves. Confiderable quantities ol
grain of different forti are niilVd, atiif
after the tropical rains the fertility il
fudden and gnat. The people arc verj
barbarous ; confifting of native iribfJ
of a deep black comph-xion and woolll
hair, though with features difftrcif
from thofe of the Negros, and ot Aran
of -various tribes. Polygamy is ncj
only eftabliflied, but the intercoiirfei
the fexes is totally deftitute of dectncj
The labours of the field arc left toll]
women ; and the houfes, which a
of clay covered with thin boards, a|
chiefly built by them. Salt is theg|
neral medium of commerce hrrr,
gold duft is ill many other places
Africa. Caravans travel between tH
country and Egypt. Cobbe is the
pital

Darieuy or Terra Flrma Proper}^
province of Terra Firma, lying on
coaflsof the Atlantic and Pacific occ3|
and particularly didinguiflicd by

name of 1
by /bm«' \»

m.i. In tl

.ibovc son

m in the fi

b.iy of p.iii

V liy the gi

mil gulf ol

llie Pacific-

"cean and

which unite

Ami rica, is

lofty mount,

whole «'xt-ni

fiflolidity l\j,

iif two opp,

tiiiis are cov(

'iccr/lible.

!c'imate, win

'lliirds of the

I ii'len ovt-rfltn'

i'l "'any place

Itra's, to be ,

V

■^•mi

le name flowi
I the Arlautit.
n. Tlicrti--
idtUtfH. The
,h\ Muham'-
^iftri' •'" the
„ M ,. occo.
i)t' HimUu.ftaii,
oiniliftorr- U
iu\ flraipht and
on ami lobicco
cinity, and the
d» arc conlukr-
th« AiTiarawati.
ami loGwTan.

it. 10 47 N;

1 fort of I-ovvcr

• Turks in 16P.6.

uftrians the ntxt

ar thf Dravc. at

of Efl'cW, b m!

I) A U

name "f th** KUimiis of Darlcn, and,
bv Ibm"' ^v»itclll. ihc Irthrniib of Pari.i-
nii. In thi* narrowi'ft part it Ih not
ibovc 50 m brond ; and It extends ,360
the form of a crtfcent, round the

pt.

Cobbe IS the

rra Firma Prefer
^ lying on'

ti Firma

and Pacific occa'

mm

b,»y of I'.inama ; being hounded on the
N liy ihr j;nlf of Mexico, K by the river
,ind pulf ol Darien, s by Pnpayan and
[he Pacific ocean, and w l»y the famt*
ocean and Virapuii. This ifHiniiis,
which unitett the loiuinents of N nnd S
Amrrica, is ftren^rthrnrd by a cliain of
lofty moiintainn, Itretching through its
whole «'xt> nt, which rendt-r it a barritr
of lolidity fiifllci>.nt to refifl the impuifi-
of two oppolitf occiins Thi? nioiui-
uins .ire covered with forcfls alrriwft iii-
icctiribie. The valleys in thi« inoift
c'imate. where it vainif' during two-
thirds of the year, am marfliy, and fo
cftcn overflowed, that the inhahitantK,
ill many places, build their houfcs upon
tM'8, to be elevated from the damp
foil, and the odious reptiles engendered
inihe putrid waters. The natives go
tiakeil ; and the men have a filver plate
fiftined to their nofe, which hangs over
fair mouths, in the Ihapo of a half-
moon: the women have a ring hanginjj
iown in the fame manner; and they
lavealfo feveral chains of teeth, (liells,
bds, and the like, hanging from thi;
jfdto the pit of the (lomach. Their
loufes are moftly thin and feattered,
jnil always by the fide of a river, with
plantations lying about them. The
M clear the plantations, and the
somen cultivate them. The girls are
fliploytd in picking and fpinning cot-^
loii, which the women weave, and the
tloths are chiefly ufed for hammocks.
Ills the bufinefs of the men to make
hIketB, which they do very neatly with
canes, reed.9, or palmeto leaves died of
larious colours. Each man has li:veral
[mes, who live together in great har-
mony. They are fond of dancing to
pe found of a pipe and drum, and play
[ircat many antic tricks. When they
lout to hunt, the women carry in
ilitivbalkets plantains, ban;'.nas, yams,
liatofs, and caflTava-roots ready roaft-
They have no diftindlion of days or
teks, but reckon tlieir time by the
urfeof the moon. The animals mc
lefame as in other countries of the
e climate. The principal towns are
'anama and Porto Bello.
iiarien, a river and gulf of Terra
nna, which divide the provinces of
'iiienand Carthage na.
^ar'uti. a town of the ftate of Geor-
in Liberty county, feated on the
branch of the Alatamaha, nut far

DA II

from its mouth, and 47 m sw Savanna.
Lon. 81 17 w, lat. \\ z), n.

Diirlinjftnn, .\ town in the County of
Diiih.ini.' with a market on Monday.
Here are manufactures of huckabacks,
camlet.s, (mall w.ireH of the Manchellcr
kind, and leutlier ; a!l\) a curious water
machine lor grinding optical i^lalTes,
and another for fpinning Imcn yarn, tht;
invention of a native. The number of
iiihahitantH was 4670 in iHoi, and 5059
in 181 1. It is Itated on the Skerne, 19
TO » Duihani, and a + i N by w London,
l-on. I a; w, lat. 54 3a N.

DeirmjJntIt, a town of Germany,
capital of the upper county <if Cat7.cn-
<;llcnhoptn, with a cadle, where the
prince of HclVr Darmftadt generally re-
fidcK. It has handfome fuhurbs, and a
good college. It is feated on a river
of the lame name, 30 m nnw Hcidcl-
burg. Lon. 8 38 e, lat. 4(; 53 N.^

J)arney, a town of France, in the
department of Vofges, ai m wsw
Kpinal.

Daroca, a town of Sp<'iin,in Aragon,
with feven parifh churches, one of
which is collegiate. It Itands between
two hills, on the Xiloca, 48 m sw Sara-
gofla.

Darore, a town of Hindooftan, in
Dowlalabad, 80 m NW Beder, and 98
E by 3 Amednagur. Lon. 76 43 e, lat.
18 44 N.

Durratvay, a town of Hindocftan, in
the country of Tatta, at the mouth of
a river of the fame name, a branch of
the Indus, 74 m wsw Tatta. Lon. 66
31 E, lat. 24 3 a N.

Dart, a river in Devonfhire, which
rifes at the foot of Dartmoor hills,
crolFcs Dartmoor to Alhburton and
Totnefs, where it is navigable for fmall
viflels, and enters the En^lilh channel
at Dartmouth.

Dartford, a town in Kent, with a
marktt on Saturday. Here are the re-
mains of a nunnt-ry founded by Edward
III. At the dilTolution it was converted
into a royal palace ; but it was alien-
ated by James 1. The rebellion of Wat
Tyler, in the rei;.'n of Richard 11, began
in litis town. The lirft paper-mill in
England was eredled hire; and in the
neighbourhood are fomc gunpowder
mills. It isfi-atedon the Darent,not far
from itsentraice into the Thames, 15 m
E by s London.

Dartmooj-, a forcft in Devonfliirc,
bounded on the n by bleak hills, and
extending 20 m s through the centre of
the county to the lea. It contain*
about ao.ooo acres, and iis watered by
the river Dart- Many fheep are Lrcd
Oa

.i_h:.:^S»'

It (I

D A V

here, hut nf a rmnll kind, and beevcR,
which tlirivc will on the coarlc hcrba^^e.

Dartmouth, .i bor. ugh .ind (i'aport iu
Dcvoiifhirct poMrmd by a miiycir, with
a market on Friday. It Ratid'< on the
fide of a craggy hill, by the livir Dart,
near ita entrance into the !'», and has a
fpacious bay dcfindcd by a caltle and
ftrorg battery. The; dock-yards and
quay project into the river, and the
rocks on each fide arc compolid of a
purple coloured flatc. Tlu- town con-
tains three churches, .nnd has a confi-
derable trade to the s of Europe and to
Newft)Uiulland, as well as a (hare in the
coafting traffic. It is 30 ni ssw Exeter,
and 203 w by s London. Lon. 3 45 vv,
lat. 50 a I N.

Dartmouth, ^ feaport of Ma(rach\i(i'ti<,
In Briftol county, fituateon the Accufh-
nct, 50 m s Bofton. Lon. 70 5z vv, lat.
4« .i7 N.

Dariuar, a fortrefs of IlindnoAan, in
the country of Sanore, taken from Tip-
poo by the Brililh in 1791, and after-
ward reftored to the Mahraitas. It is
45 m wNw Sanore. Lon. 75 9 e, lat.
16 5 N.

Dajjel, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Brunfwick, 15 m nnw
Gottingen.

Davanagir'h a town of Hindooftan,
in My fore, with a fmall fort. Here
are manufadlures of coaril; cotton cloths ;
and alfo of cumlies, a kind of blankets
rcfcmbling Engliih camblets, which are
in high repute. Many merchants rtfide
here, and carry on a confiderable trade.
It is 36 m Nw Chitteldroog.

Daventry,i town in Noithampton-
ftiire, governed by a mayor, with a
market on Wednefday, and a manufac-
ture of whips. It ftands on the Roman
highway called Watlinglbtct, on the
fide of a hill, 10 m w Northampton,
and 7a NW London.

David, St. a city of Wales, in Pern-
brokefhire, with a market on Wednef-
day. It was once a confiderable place,
and had walls, which are now ciemolifli-
ed. The cathedral is only the ruins of
its former i'plendour, and it contains
the tomb of the celebrated Ciiraldus
Cambrenfis. From the adjacent cape
called St. David head is a view into
Ireland; and the whole neighbourhood
abounds with remains of druidical mo-
numents. The city is feated in a bar-
ren foil, on the river Hen, 44 m nw
Pembroke, and 273 w by n London.
Lon. 5 15 w, lat. 51 56N.

David, St. a village of Scotland, in
Fifefliire, with a harbour in Inverkeith-
ing bay. It haa a confiderable manu-

DF. A

fa(5lure of fait, and expoits fln Immenfr
quai\titvof coal.

David, h'ort St. an Englifli fort, on
the- coalt of Cortimandtl, which wii
tak< n and dcftioycd by the French in
1758, and has not yet been rebuilt. It
is one mile m Cuddaloie

Davit Strait, an arm of the (ea, bf.
twten Greenland and N Am.:rici, dif.
covered by captain Davi.s, in i^jj;,
when he attempted to find a nw paf-
(age.

Davos, a town of SwifTerland, i;i
the canton of Grif()nn, capital of a
dillritfl in which are mines of copper,
lead, and filver. It ii 14 m e Coire.

Dauphin, I art, a fort biiilt by tlif
French, on the 1: coaft of Madagafcar.
Lon. 45 10 li, lat. 34 <,s ^'

Dauphiny, a late province of France,
130 m long aid 115 broad; bounded
on the w by the Rhone, N by the Klunipi
and Savoy, s by Provence, and k by the
Alps. From this province, the heirap
parent of the kings of France was call
ed the Dauphin. Two thirds of Dau.
phiny are interfeded by mountains,
vyhich afford good pafturage ; plenty ol
timl)er, fir-trees in particular, for th(
building of fliips ; and very (carce fim
pics. In thcii; mountains, which an
branches of the Alps, are bears, chamoiji
marmots, eagles, hawks, &c. and min^
of iron, copper, and lead. Tlie vailtyi
afford wheat, and the hills, in the vjcij
nity of the Klioiie, excellent wine;
olives, and filk. The principal rive
are the Rhone, Durance, Here, am
Drome. It now forms the departmenl
of Drome, Iferc, and Upper Alps.

Dax, or D»cqs, a town of France, \
the department of Landes, and laid
a bilhop's lee. Here are fome famoi
hot baths, the fpring of which d
charges 543 cubic feet of water in
minutes. It is furrounded by wall
flanked with towers, and leated ontl
Adour, «4 m N E Bayonne. Lon. 1 3
lat. 43 42 N.

Dead Sea, a lake or inland fea
Palcftine, into which the river Jordi
runs. It is 6» m long and 15 bro
enclofed on the e and w by high moul
tains. Many fabulous opinions haj
for ages been affixed to the extreme U
nefs and other qualities of its wat
but it is now known to fwarm w{
flfhes, that fliells abound on its (hoi
and that certain birds make it their
culiar refort. Mines of foffil fait
found in the fides of the mountai
which fupply the neighbouring Ar. , " —

and the city of Jerufalem; alfo wCVf i^^""*"^*^
ments of fulphur and bitumen, whB ^' ^t- Edmun

f'^«w. a town „
«P.tal of a dift

\^e Arabs cr
of commerce
like Alphalt
\.u been den
lion is more t
-le water bro
DfadniOHj
•ojft of Enj^li,
jl. Maws .111(1

Ofal, a towi

wThurfday,

•Vmd S Pore 1,1

le cinque port

ijra mayor. J^

« here, and it

M'rtoffcafarin

Nr, but the fi?.

[lif Godwin San<

nenilly a /ecup

«y ufually ride

tering the riyci

defended by

ilmercaftle to

'f to the N . a

WJ- Deal is t

Irated Eliftbe

Jf t Sandwich,

«■ Lon. I z^ E

mn, a foreft ir

'H that part (

wtween the 8c\

imouth and l\

» four market

I"; 19 fertile in

"f^n fine „

I" of iron and

'"ned the chief

"^vy; but is

^f^ oni:mn^^ a

f of cultivation

continue to run

/oreft of Dean,

F'amename, a

produce great

y^owr, a tov
';""f adiftri(5b i
'?"• It is fit,
from Delhi to
*^"fp, 80 m SI
^ ^^^oultan.

V.

H a river in Si
'^fbenham, anc
where it cxr
;\arm of the
jotheNofHarv
'"ham, a town _
°n Friday, feal

Oi

ts an Imtncnlic

:\^\\i\\ fort, on
\, wluch wn
ihf I'rcnch in
:on rt-built. It

of th«' U'a, bf-
I An'.ericH, ilif-
i;ivi^, in 1585.
find a Nw p;if-

Swtflerlanil, in
n, capital of i
lines of copper.
i^mB^oirt".
ort built by thr
k of Madagafcar.

"5^' cr ■
:ivuiceof Iranci-.l

broad} buumlcJl

DEB

;he Arahi convert into trining artic1f«
of commerce. This lake, called allii
Like AlphaltitcH, has no oiith't ; and it
iis been domonftratcd, that erapDta-
tion is more than fiiflfjcient to carry off
■:ic water broiiL'ht in by the riven.
Df(t(t»ta>tJ lltad, a cipe on tl>c s
ojfl: ot England, in Cornwall, botwct-n
it, Maws and Fowry.

Deal, a town in Kent, with a market
fflThurfday. It is ft-ated bctwci-n the
N',incl S Foreland, and is a member of
•lie cinque port of Sandwich, govcrnrd
lya mayor. No manufaiJlurr is carried
inhere, and it chiefly di'pcn^.jon the
Uirt of fcafaring men. It has no har-
Lr, but the f(;a between the Ihon; and
lilmGcKlwin Sands, called iheDown^, is
ncr.<lly a fifcurc* road for fhips, where
c, N by the Uhnnr^ey ufually ride upon their leaving or
rnce,and »■■ by tk^ttring the river Thames. The port
defended by two calllcs, Deal or
ilmer caftle to the s, and Sandowu
Ic to the N ; and alio by feveral bat-
its. Deal is the birthplace of the
Itbratcd Elifabeth Carter. It is 7 m
by k Sandwich, and 74 e by s Lon-

Lon. I 24 E, lat. 51 i-^ N.
Dfa», a foreft in Gloucefterfhire, in-
ing that part of the county which
between the Severn and the Ihires of
mouth and Hereford. It con-
four marktt-towni and 23 pa-
1; is fertile in pafture and tillage,
very fine oaks, and has rich
in of iron and coal. It was once
oned the cliief Pjpport of the En-
navy; but is now thinned by fre-
icy of felling, and narrowed by in-
fe of cultivation, though a few deer
continue to run wild in its receflea.
foreft of Dean, and the rich vale
lefame name, abound in orch.M'ds,
produce great plenty ot excellent

vince, the heir apJ
f France wascall-l
wo thirds of D;mJ
•d by mountains J
afturageipl'T.tyol
particular, for M
iiid very icarce fim]
.uniains, which ard
i,arebear8,cham(mj
,wk8, &c. andmintJ
lead. The valkyj

e hills, in the M
excellent wind
*bc principal riveil
urance. Here, aiij
ms the department

.d Upper A'P^'
a town of France, I

^ Landes, and la-.ell
ere are fomc famoi
ring of which (If
feet of water in _
rrounded by wa]
9,andieatedont]
ayonne. Lon. nf

tke or inland fe;
tich the rtver Jord

long and ,15 H
andwbyh.ghmou

lulous opinions hi
Id to the extreme a
jaVities of its wat^
,iown to fwarm w
abound on Its J r

iirdsmakeitthe

Vmes of foflil aU

•8 of the mountai

t" neighbouring AraP

Jcrufalem; alfo j{

'and bitumen. «''

^thalpourt a town of Hindooftan,
1 of a diftrift in the province of
Mm. It is fituate on the great
! from Delhi to Moultan, near the
JiSetlege, 80 m sE Lahore, and 170
IN Moultan. Lon. 73 32 e, lat.

Wf», a river in Suffolk, which riles

[Debenham, and flows to Wood-

|(> where it expands into a long

arm of the German ocean, a

[to the N of Harwich.

mhaniy a town in Suffolk, with a

t on Friday, feated on the fide of

Uear the fource of the Deben, 24

[Btiry St. Edmund, and 83 nb Lon-

wuzin, a town of Upper Hun-
I capital of a diftridt of the fame

D ED

name. It \?n8 taken by the Turks ia
1684. and tiir Au(trian<i n-took it the
fame year. It is 107 m t Uuda. Lon.
at .)H R, lat. 47 .U N-

Di'ctnn, an extenfivc tra<f\ in Hindoo-
flan, which, from the fignification of
its name [South], has been Cuppoicd
to include the whole region s of Hin-
dooftan Proper. H'lt in its mare ac«
ceptcd fenfe, it contains only th«' coun-
tries lying between Hindooftan Proper,
and what is termed the Peninfulai
namely, the provinces of Candeifh,
Dowlatabad, Vifiapour, the n part of
Golconda, Berar, OrifTa, and the Cir-
cars. It is bounded on the N by the
river Nerbudda, by Bengal, and by
Baliar ; and the river Kiftna forms ita
ftparation on the s from the pcninfula
of Hindooftan. All this vaR. country
was once the fonthcrn province of the
Monguls, who did not pafs the Kiftna
till a recent period. Candeifli, Vifia-
pour, and a partof Dowlatabad, Berar,
and OrilTi an? fubjetSl to the Mahrattas.
'i'he Englifh have part of Oriffa and of
the Circars. The dominions of the
nizam of the Dcccan comprife Gol-
conda, the principal part of Dow-
latabad, and the weilern part of l^erar.
His territories are bounded on the Nvir
by the Poouah Mahr^ttas, k by the Be-
rar Mahrattas, e by the Circars, and •
by the Carnatic and Mylbre. By fa-
mily fucceffion, in 1780, the nizam be-
came pofTefTcd of the diflrids of Adoni
and Tachore, and of the Guntoor Cir-
car ; and by the peace of 1 792 and par-
tition of 1799 ^^ had a fhare of the
countries belonging to Tippoo Sultan,
including Kopaul, Cuddapa, Gange-
colla, Gooty, and Gurrumconda. Hii
dominions (without including the cef-
fions) are fuppofed to be 430 m from
NW to SB, by 300 wide. The capital is
Hydrabad.

Decizf, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Nievre, feaicd in an ifland,
at the conflux of the Airon with the
Loire, 16 m SE Nevers.

Deckendorfy a town of Lower Ba-
varia, feated on the Danube, a; m nw
PafTuu.

Deddingtorii a town in Oxfordfhlre,
with a market on Saturday, 16 m n Ox-
ford, and 69 wNw London.

Dedham, a town of MafTachufeti,
chief of Norfolk county. It has a wire
manufadure for filh-hooks and cards,
and is feated on Charles river, n m sw
Bofton.

Dedham, a town in EfTex, with a
market on Tuefday, and a manufac-
ture of baize. It has an ancient large

\\

: I

DEI.

•hurch, with .i cuiionn Areplr, ;ind a
frcf grainmar-fchoDl cndowpci by qiiron
Elili»l)cth. It iti f<'.\t. (I (III tht: ^toiir, H
m NNt. Coli'liclld'. aiul s0 '^K Lontloi).
Ihe, II liviT ot VV.ili St, hclil in grr,it
Tftu'raliori by tlic nucicnt Biitdiih, .uid
the tliciiic ol many .1 pmt niicc It
id'iKit tioin thf \.\\n «)f l'i.il.*, Ill Mriio-
iiptlifhirc, whrnce it flows llutniptli a
fine vair hltdIh thi' s p.iri ut' Drtii'igh-
ihirctothc Nvv p.irt oCShtopiliirc, vilitu
the w boid( r ot Clwlhiir, palle* on to
( hf ft« t', aiul fliiws thriicc to Uur liilli
feu, making a br(/:ul oftuary, wliicti ft.-

Earat«'HChf(hiif fiom Fliiitftiirc. 'I he
Ice is ni\ij;.tbic' from near lillffm^ ii*,
in Shioplhiri', to Chcder, where tho
continuity of the navi^jation i« broktn
by a Inlge ot° rocks, running acrol's tho
river; Unl liy emb.uili.iiciits made here,
much land haA iaeii gained from the
tide , and a narrow c'l'inial, rttttr lor
navigation, haii U'cii turmcd trom ( hcf-
tcr li.ilf way to tlic (i a.

Dff, a river of S'jolland, whicli tlfea
on th«' w border ot A'li. nltenlhire, aniid
the mountains ot Mar foreft, and (lows
E through ."» wild c<Mintry till it reaches
the fertile vale of IJiae mar, whence it
proceed* to Aberdeen, below which it
enters the Ceru.aii ocean.

Dect a. river of Scotland, which rifcs
in the w part of Kirkcudhriphtlhire,
receives the Ken, beloiv New Galloway,
and ent'*r8 the irilh fca, 5 m below Kirk-
cudbright.

J)fepinjr, or Market Deephifr, a town
inLincolnfnircwith a i»;irkct on Thurf-
day ; fcited on the WtlLind. in a fen-
ny country, 6 m v. Stamford, and 9a n
London.

Deery a village of Scotland, in Aher-
decnihire, on a river of its name, 10
m w Peterhead. It h.is a trade in fine
yarn, and ric:»r it are the remains of the
abbey of Deer.

Deerjield^ a town of M.ifT^chufets, in
Hampmire county, with an academy ;
feated on the C()nne<flicut. near the in-
flux of the river Dcerficid, 17 m nne
Northampton, and 90 w by n Boflon.

Deerhurjl, a villt^c in Glouccfter-
fhire, 3 in s Tcwkrfbnry, liibjcdt to
frequent inundations from the Severn.
Here was a celebrated monaftery, which
was afterward made a cell to 'I'ewkcf-
bury abbey.

Deinjc^ or Deynfe^ a town of the
Netherlands, in Flanders, feated on the
Lis, B tn sw Ghent-

Deizahad, a town of Pcrfia, in Irak,
00 m N Ifpahan.

De/agoa, a bay on the s coaft of
Africa, at the n end of the country of

n V. I.

Natal Cattle uiid pouli , may tx; pur.
chafed here lor a trifli. ; and ii ii fre<
(iiienily vifitcd by vcflTcI* eniploycd in
the wh;

a6o t.

lie tilhery. i.on. ji 0 r., I,

it.

Drltnvitr, a town of Virginia, in
King William county, feated on the
broad penin(\i!;» lormed by the conflux
of the l*amunky .md M.ittapony. whole 1
united Ibcam hence alUimcH the ii.ime
of York River. It it 20 m n bywj
Williamfburtf, and 45 w KiihnioiK!.

Dilaauare, or*' ot the Unittd St.itcil
of America, 9: ut long .md 24 iiro.iilj
b.niiidrd on the n by lVnnlylv,iiii,i, ^
by Ddaw.ire river and l.iy , and s .nui^
by Maiylaiid. In many part* n in mh
healthy, being feated in a pciiiMtn!
where the land i.-* gener.dly low, whicii
occafions the waters to llagiiate ItiJ
divided into three coiintirM, Nrvvcalllil
Kent, and SidlVx. In isio th(| nunibij
of inhabitanto was 72,6:4. 'i lie
tal \h Dovt.

Delaiuarg, a rivet of tl;c UiiitcJ
Stites, foniied b> two If n. .htm in 1(1
ftate of Ni'w Yoik. In it« c iirli it
parates Pennlylvania from N>nv Yoij
and Nrw Jerfey ; and, a few ttnliH bi
low Philadelptiia, the Itate of Deiauaj
from New .lerfey, till it enter ilu- !■
of Delaware buy, a few miles hvV
Sulcm At I'liiladclphia it h;iii a I'll
ficient depth of water for a 74 A
lhi|); iu tiavi,rable thence fur nuoj
up to thi tails at IVeiUon ; aiu!||
boats, that carry eight or ten tori8,|
m higher.

Delaware Hay, a bay of the \}wi
StatcN, bctw< en the (lates of DchwJ
and New Jerfey. It is 60 in loj
from Cape llenlopcn to the cntraiic
the nvet Delaware at Bombay-ho
and from 10 10 30 broad It opens il
the Atlantic, b'-twcen Cape Ht;nli|
on the s. andCipcMay on the n,\v1|
arc so m apart On the former '
lighth^iife. Lon. 75 9 w, lat. 38 4|
Dt'lebio, a town of Swiflreriaiid
Valteli'v , on a fmall river that runs j
the Adda, 5 m Nw Morbegno.

Delft, a town of S Holland,
built, with canals in the Itreets, phi
on each fide with trees- Htre aref
cnurches, in one of which is thi't|
of William 1, prince of Orange,
was afTaflinated. It has a fine aril
and a corliderable manufa^url
earthen ware. Delft is the birtlif
of the renowned Grotius. It is fl
ontheSchie, 8 m nw Rotterdam!
Delft/haven, a fortified townf
Holland, jn the n fide of the iM
with a canal to Delft. It is bel(

DP. L

RottfnI.im and Schiedam, n tt $ m
from iMoh.

Dlftuifl, h town Htul forfrofi of IIoU
land, til (ironiiiK'* ti, with a ^'xxl !i,ir-
hour. 1 1 i.i UMtrd on the DimfN-r, at
itBininncr iniofhc clhiaiy .iMlic l'!in«,
urn *v hy s Jiind'M. h m 6 0 a,
lat. (H iH N.

lielhi, A pi*i»vini'i* nf fliiuli) .fttti,
bt»mi'h''l on 'he n >.v hy I/i|| ,rf, ni. hy
Si"in:iKiif, h hv the K-liilhi coiiniry, »
by <\Kn, ind ^ hy Moii'tan Hiving;
been H>i' fi'if of cnnriiuiil w;ir* for
jliovt ^10 y«'ars. it i* ihioit ihp ipiil.u-
f(l : and i traiJl of coiintiy itut pof-
fefl* « «'\.ry alymMgi' that can hede-
riv. d Irirn U'tnrf, coiitjiin ihc nio(k
mil'''rd)lf of iiihaUiiaiiU. It ix now all
ih.it rrmiins to the gn-ai mogul uf his
once ••x'nilivc empire.

Uflhi^ thi- cMpital of the province of
the Tunc nami'. Ft Is ihr nominal ci-
pii^l oi .ill Ilindooft.iii, and wal:i6tii-
ally li) iluiinx the >freat«!fl part of the
tiinr li ci' thf Mohameilan onqiiilt.
In 17.18, whi-n Nulir ShiU iiivailcd
Hinduoitan, hi- entrrcil Dflhi, and
dii'.idtul w»if the iivillUcrcs and famine
thit tollowcil : 100,000 of the inhabit-
ants p.rifh'il by ih«' fword; and plnn-
dtT to till' iiinoiint of ^^, 000, cool, (ler-
ling was faid to In c llci^fd. The f.ime
ciinmiiies wcrf cndiirtd in 1761, on the
inv.ilion of Ahdalla, king of Canilaliar.
Ill iH\i, the Mahrattas, aided by the
French, ^ni poflTi'lTion of this place ; but
thry w re a'terward defeated here by
lener.d Lak--, and the aped Shah Au-
um, emperor of Ilndoolbn, was re-
Ion d to his throne. Delhi may be
aid to be n.iw in ruin'j ; but there are
many fplendid remains of palaces with
baths ot" marlile. The grand moftjue is
amagnificrnt edifice of murble and red
frcefione, with high minarets, and
domes richly gilt. It is feated on the
Jumna, 350 m Nvr Allahabad. Lon.
7740 K, lat. a8 37 N.

De/itz, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Mifnia, withaconfiderable manufacture
of worfted ftockings, 15 m n by E
Lcipzic.

Tiellamcottn, a fortrefti of the country
of Hootan, which commands the piin-
cipal pafs over the mountains. It was
taken by ftorin in 1773, by a detach-
ment under captain John Jones. It is
iSm sswTafTafudon, and aoo n Moor-
Ihedabad. Lon. 8H 46 1^:, lat. 17 a n.

Delmenhorjii a town of Weftphalia,
fapitil of a diftri<5t, in the duchy of
Oldenburg. It is feated on the Oelm,
»car the Wefer, 8 m sw Bremen.

Delosi or Dili, an ifland of the Archi-

DEM

pMrtgn, formerly ctlelifated for the tern,
pie* of Diai.aand Apollo, whofc birth*
pl.icr it ii laid to bf. It it « m in
circumference, hut now htllc nior«
ih.ui a defrrt rock, covered vviih riiiiu,
and uninhabited. Lon. 15 la r, l.nt.
37 «H N.

i),,'/t/ii, or Dtlphoi, .1 town of Euro-
pean Turkey, in lavadia. once fam )Ui
tor tile nr.icic of Ap.tllo, wl ich pc»pl<*
c.ime fioin all parts to conlult It i«
fe.itrd in a valli y, mar Mount Parn.d-
fuK, iH m w>w Livailn.

Dr/jk-rif. a toA-n ol' SwilHrland. in
the late liilhopiic <if Uifel, on the river
Uiii«, 10 m Nw Solcure,

Df/tti. a pirt of f.ow.rEt?ypt, onclor.
eil t>rtwrcM Ihr iMiMittts of the Nile and
the Melilerriiiean ; Co called from its
triangular form, rtlvnd>lmg the Oreck
letter of that name. The lame term ii
fre(|iMMit y applied to the mouths of the
CJaiii^je'j, the Indus, and other large
nveri.

Ih /I'/uo, n town of luiropean Turkey,
in A!h.iiiia, withacillie. It is th«- rc-
HdiiiLe of a p.ichi; under that of
Janina, and Hand:' on an eminence, fur*
rounded by advantagcoua military lta«
tions, 24 in wnw Janina.

lyembea, a C(udider;ible lake of Abyf*
finia, in a province of the (aivv name,
in the w part of the empire. It is fup-
pcfcd to be 4io in in circumference,
and contains many iflands, one of which
is a place of confinement fur Itate prU
foneri.

Demerarat a Dutch fettlement in
Guayana, on a river of the fame name,
contiguous to IlFequibo. The river it
a m wide at its mouth, defended by
a fort oil the ic bank, and navigable
upward of aoo m. The countiy pro-
ducts coffee, fiigarcanes, and tht fiiieft
kinds of wood. It v' as taken by the
Knglith in ij^t, rcdored in i8oa. and
taken again in i8«3. This fettlement
and that of Iflequibo form one govern-
ment, and the capital is Starbrock.

Ddmiaujkoi, a town of Siberia, in
the government 1 f Tobolflc, leated on
the Irtydi, at the influx of the Demian*
ka, 100 m NNE Tobolfk

Demniin, a town of Hither Pomer.i-
nia, lituate among morsfTes, on the
rivt-r Feene, 16 m .'^w Gripfwald.

Demona, ;; town and f»Tt of Pied-
mont, on the river Store. 10 m sw Coni.

Demotica, or Dimotuc, a town of
European Turkey, in Romania, where
a Greek archbilhoprefidcs. It was the
relidence of Charles xii for fome years;
andisfituate near the Marittlh, nm
8 Adriauople.

1 1

il

i^'i.

4, J

^i''i|::t«i

1.^

' I' -.

M^'i

H/Haiii, a vill«KC ut' l-Mncci in the
ilcp.irtm( lit of Noril, wlirre a victory
W.4* |t.iinevl over prince KagciPi by
m.ir(li.il Villari, l.» 171 J l« •» fp*teJ
on ihf Srfultlt. <J m »w V.iUncifiiiu*.

lif'thi^h, .ib'tr.JiiKhol VVatei, capital
of I)«*iibi^'inii»e, with a marlni on W. il-
nt'iJay .-nut Saturd.iy. It* ruinrd canir,
with it« v.ifl cnclol'urc crowning the top
olllifhill, rormi.ilhikin,i;i)i)jf«?l. Dcu-
lii^h li.ii ;« <«)nlidirrai»Ic ni.inuf.K*liirc of
xlovfd and lh<xs. Thr numlwr of in-
luliit.uUi \\,\\\ i\q\ in iK'^i, and 1714
in ittii. It il litu.ite on tiie fide of a
tocliy hill, above tht v.ilo of Clywd, on
a brand) of tlic river of that n.imci 27
m w Chcllcr, .md xro nw London.
Lon. _^ <5 w, l.it. 5,1 1 1 N.

l)cHbli(li/hirt, a connty of VValfJ,
boundcil on the n by the IriOi fea. nk
by Flintiliirclr. by ShropHiirr, » by
Mi'ri()iicthn»ire anil Monigomerylliirc,
and w by Carn.irvonfhirf. It Ih 48
m lung and 20 in its brontled put, con*
tainit 467,840 .lorei ; it divided into llx
hiindrcdii, and 59 pAriOics \ h.is thrfi;
market -towns; nnd (<-ndii two members
to parliament. The number of inha-
Litanti was ^0,3 /;} in i8or. and 64,140
in iHii. It* principal rivers are the
Clywd, KIwy, Dec, and Conway. The
fjjl is various ; the vale of Clywd beinp
extremely fcrtilf, wliich is notthecah*
with thr K part of the country ; and the
w is, in a manner, barren. The pro-
duds arc corn, clieefe, cuttle, lead, and
co.il. The afii/rs arc held at Ruthin,
and the l.trgcft town i' Wrexham.

Dnidur^ a rivt r of the Netherlands,
whicli nl'cH in Ilainaidt, iluws l)y Lru/e,
Ath.LeirniPS, Grummont, Ninovc, and
Alull, and juinithe Scheldt, at Dender-
mond.

Dendt-ra, a town of Egypt, the refi-
dcncc of an Arabian princr, who talces
tht title of Emir. It was .mciently
called Tetityra, and from the ruins that
are fecn appears to have been a large
city. This place fupplies mod part of
Egypt with charcoal. It is featcd near
the left banli of the Nile, a6o m s by e
Cairo. Lon. 31 58 »., hit. 26 15 N.

Dendermond, a fortified town of the
Netherlands, in Flanders, with a ftrong
citadel. It was taken by the allies in
X706, and the Dutch put a garril'un into
it as one of tht barrier towns. The
French took it in 1745, and again in
1794 It is furrounded by marlhcs and
fine meadows, which can be covered
with water, and fcated at the con-
flux of the Dcnder with the Scheldt,
li m. w Mechlin. Lon- 4 11 £> lat.

URN

l'>tmrt% A ftaport uf Hp4in, In VaI
oil. The entrance into the harbour It
ditTiculi, and the chitf trade I* in corn,
.dmonits, and railins. It (lands at thn

foot of a mountain, 47 m nk Alicmt.
Lon. o 1 »:, Lit. .jH ',0 **'

Drnmark, a kingtlom of Kurope;
bounded on thf x by the Hdtic iica, w
aiul H by the iut.uj, and s by Ocrm.iny.
Thi'fountry i» gcnrraliy fl.if, ami the
Ibil lUndy. The air is ren<lercd fogKy
by the ni'i)rhbourhond of thi* ie.is and
lake*, of whii-h it i^ full ( but it lias no
conlidrralilc river. Dfrtm irk, properly
fo called, eonfill* ot Jutland and tlit;
iil.indt of Zealand and I'uncn, with the
little illi's about them | but the kin*! of
Dtnm.irk's don\iniont contain alfo Nor.
w.iy, the ducliy ol Ilolftcin, Iceland,
arui the Frroc ill.uuN. In tlir \'. Indies
he pofTrlles Tr.tuqucbar on the coaft of
Corom.indcl, and the Nicobar illao'li;
in the W Indies, the illandu olSt. Tho.
mas, St. Croix, and.'^t. John ; Chridian.
bing on the coad of Guinra; and a
rm.iTl part of Greenland : but Inme have
belli taken in th<- prefcnt war. Denmark
was once a limited and ciciftivr mo*
narchy; but, in 1660, it was made ab-
foluto and hereditary, by a revolution
almotf unparalleled in hiftory ; a free
people voluntarily teligniiig their liber-
ties into the hands of their fovercign.
The inhabit.^nts arc protcAants lincc*
the year 1512, when they embraced the
conteflTton of Augfburg. The manners
and ciidoms of the fuperior clafles dif-
fer little from thofe in other parts of
Europ'*; but the pealantry continue in
a date of vafTalagc, except tholi; of the
crown, and confequently arc idle, dirty,
and difpiritcd. The number of foul:?
in the inands of Denmark and Jutland
isedimatid at 850,000; in the duchy
of Slefwick or 8 Jutland 250,0m ; to
which if we add Norway, the duchy of
Holdein, and Iceland, the whole num-
ber will be rather more than a, 140,000.
The revenues, which arifc from the
crown and «luties, are computed at
i,S:o,osol. a year. The h.irbours of
Dennink are well calculated for trade;
and commercial companies are edablilh-
ed to the E Indies, W indies, and
Africa. The produce of Denmark, be-
fide fir and other timber, is beeves,
horfes, butter, tallow, hides, pitch, tar,
fi(h, oil, andiron. Copenhagen is the
capital.

Denton, a town of Maryland, chief of
Caroline county. It is fituatc on the
Choptank, 37 m SSE Cheder.

Denys, St- a town of France, in the
department of Paris. 'I'hc abbey of the

nencJi^Jn
Irs rife, hai

church, in
m.iny of t
triMfiiry, a
• words of
Orlems, ,1
ii>aK"e. Il
royally, ih,
wi-re all dejl
'own was c
ifated on 1

Vine, t, in I

nr, (brmiTJ
0 ^ m N N « I

al»l<' for Its fi
yard and do
calln! Deptf
wich. It i,
lid Lower I
riih ehiirchn
i' an hi'lpit,
vin, called'
.Strond. Th
Houfe hohl
'lofpital, an^
times, to rnc(
fx'fpital cont.i
modern druol
Trinity Hoiu
tlnll' arc for «
i)t /hips, or tl
^i^iiidfome nu
'"I'd, in tKoi
bitants ! i'vr (
pfrbend, tl
'^'itli a fort o
3"d a haven
'lands on the I
•ind is (urrouii
The inhabitai
Tartars, and
tijs. (ince i;^
thcRufTian!.
'"'I I do K Tc:
4i 5 ^■.

^^oby, a b(

^<.il»yfliire, j:o

'market on I'r

D'Twent, over

•I'lilabrook rut

'ier leveral don

canal (o the Tr<

of which All S,

w its beautifi

machine was m

Lorn be for the

tlif model of w

Ja'y J and it w,

f"Kland. Deri

'fable oianufai

, In WikWn*
hailt(i\ir it
: It iit corn,
;.»mU i»t Ihn
IK AUcant.

if Europe.

[\\\\C (<A, W

ly (k-rminy.
lit, .\m\ ihc
.Ictcil fogKV
Ihr IcU atul
but U hai nu
trk, properly
.»ikI iind Itu!
<cn, with III*"
It the kinr of
tain alfo Nor.
cin, IiM'l.ind.
tin' U Iiulie*
I) the co;»(l of
:()bAr inai''l»t
il«uiSt. Tho.
hn ; Chrifti.m-
iirm*-* J a"d a
but lome havi"
var. Denmark
I olctHivr mO'
. was mail«* .}b-
ly a revolution
hiftory ; a free
ling their liber-
hi-ir lovercign.
otcflante linci*
y emhraccclthe
The mannfri
irior claflei ilii-
other parts of
itry contin\ie in
pt thoU" of tl>c
arc idle, dirty,
lumbrr of fouls
k and Jutland
} in the duchy
[id 150,00-5 i to
,. the duchy of
lie whole num-
[than a,i40.o""'
arifc from the
. computed at
he harbours of
latcdforttado;
its arc eftabliih-
fw In<lie«» ai'^l
f Denmnrk, be-
iber, is beeves,
jidcR, pitch, tar>
pcnhagen is the

DRR

Il<>ncdi6in(i, to which the town ow(*ii
Iti rife, hai thi* ippMraocc of a pnUcr.
llfH' ii An iitcifnt and maRnlrtcrnt
church, in whicli wtro llu* lomln of
in.iny of the I'ltiuh kiti|p ; .irul in the
iriMriiry, «miMii; «ithcr curioliiii-i th<*
iworda of 8t. I.mxii und the M.iid of
Oilcm*, and the foeptn; of ("harle-
iii.it;nc. In 179 1, >ilt«*r the abolition of
loyally, ilir roy.il tomhi in the church
were all dt'droyed \ untl the ii.im<* of the
rown w.i« ch.in);«'d to iMMiiciadr. it la
icated on the river i rould, near the
Seiiip, s in N l*ari«.

Dft/ftir, .itownof IlindooOan, in Re-
r^r, ftnmirly thr iTlidcncc <»f a r.y.ih,
05 m NN»\ N.H;pour.

iiff>tfoi',l, .1 town in Kent, confider-
ablc tor Its line dock*, and for tho kiii)(H-
yard niul Iton-houfes. It wan anciently
calh'd Dtptforil Strond, or Well Ort-ni-
vvii'h. It in now divided into Upp<T
.,iid Lower Det)ifor«l, and h.n two p.i-
rilh cliurchcit, but not a market. Here
\i an h>>lpit.il, incorporated by Ilriiry
VIM, calltdM'riiiity ilourc of Ueptfonl
Strond. Tlie brcthii-n of the Trinity
Houfe lioKl their corporation by this
hofpital, and ar« obligrd, at certain
times, to meet hen; for btilinerii. This
hofpital contains 2 1 hoiifcti ; and a more
modern AruCturo, and a finer one, called
Trinity Hofpital, ciintains .^8. Both
thili* are for decayed piloib. or readers
of Ihips, or their widows, who have a
liandlome nunithly allowancf. Dept-
lord, in iKoi, contained 17,540 inha*
bitaiits: i'vv iireen<wich-

Ihrbendf the capital of Daghfftan,
with a fort on the fummit of a rock,
jiul a haven on the Cafpi«n fca. It
kaiuli on the litt? of the ancuiit Albania,
and is furruuiidcd by high brick walk.
The inhabitantH arc chiefly RullianH,
Tartars, and Armenians. TIiIh town
has, (iiu;*? 1796, been in pofTefHon of
the UufTian;. It is 120 m n Schamachi,
Jiid ifio K Teflis. Lon. 48 ao k, lat.

i^oby, a borough and the capital of
Dcihyfliire, governed by a mayor, with
a market on Friday- It is featcd on the
Di rwent, over which is a (lone bridge ;
Hill a brook runs through the town, un-
der tcveral (lone bridges. Here isalfoa
canal to the Trent. It hs3 five churches,
of which All Saints is the chief, noted
for its beautiful tower. In 1734, a
machine was oreded here by lir Thomas
Lombe for the manufaduring of filk,
Ihf model of which was brought from
Italy ; and it was the firft of the kind in
England. Derby polFefTes alfo a confi-
'!erablc tnanufatture of cotton, und fine

1) r. u

wnrftetl ilrKlilngs \ and ha« a fabric of
An^ porcelain. ScTeral hands nrr em-
ployed in the lapidary and JeMrcltcry
liranch-s \ mul Dcrbyllnre marbles,
(pars, andciyltili. arc wioiiktht into 1
variety of ornameiilal articles. The
malting trulcit likcwife carried on here.
The iiiiinlier of in!) ibitaots was icK^t
in iH I, aiitl I ),o4f ill ilii. Thfl
rcbeli c.imf a^ fir as this town in 1745*
aiiil then returned to Scotlaiul- lti«
16 m w Nattingliam, and 116 nnw
London. Lon. 1 X', vv, Ut. <;i 5H n.

Ihrhy, a town of Conint'ticut, in
Nftwhaven count), felted un the IIou*
fitonic, which it nav^.ihle hence to
the fea, 14 tn nw Newh.iveii.

/). r///, a town of l\iiiifylv.ini.i, in
Dauphin county. Here is a cave divid-
ed intofcviral .ip.irtments and Mdorn*
ed with ll.ilc»:lites. It i;i lliiiatf on the
Swater.i, 1 m above its conflux with
the Suliiueh.iii.i, and 1 ) sK H.iriifburg.

Dfrhus/iin; a county of Liigland,
bonndc(l on ihe n b/ Yiirklliire, k by
Nottinghainlhire, ii by Leiceiterihire
and Warwicklhire, w by Slallordlhire,
and NW by Chefliire. It txtenils 59
m from n to s, and .^4 where broad-
ell, but in the s part it ii not above 6.
I' contains '189,180 acres; is divided
iiilo fix hundreds, and iiS parilln h ;
has 1 1 market-town;! ; and f iuIh four
members to parlianioiit. The number
of inhabitants was i^ii,t4z in iBot, and
185,487 In iHii. The s and ^ parts are
pleafant and fertile, producing: mod
kinds of grain, particularly barley.
Even the NW part, calhd the Peak, id
abundantly rich ; lor tlie mountains
abound in tniiierais, and the intermcliatii
valleys are tVuiituI in gnls. The barytes,
or ponderou.4 cirlli, i^ here fuind in
great quantities. The prineip.il iiver<
arc Ihe Derwent, Dove, ErwaOi, and
Trent. Sec l>,ai.

l^creham, \ town in Norfolk, with
a market on i'lidiy. The churcli is
a very ancient (truc^birc, with four
chapels, and a curious ilone font. It is
16 mw Norwich, and 101 nnk London,

Jifrenburi^f a town ol Lower S ixoiiy,
in the pi incipality of llalberdadt, 6 tn
wsw H.ili)er(tadt.

Derkus, a town of Europcin Turkey,
in Romania, on the coall of the Ulack
fea, 30m NNW Conllantinople.

Dfrnoy a leaport of Barbary, capital
of Barca, and the relideiice of a fangiac,
with a caftle. It is feated in a fertile
country, on the w fide of a bay of the
Mediterranean, which afi'ords good
anchorage for the largeft veirds, but is
expofed to the ke winds. ^During the

i

I

irfmorsble cnnipaii'ii in Epypt. the
Brit'ili fli »t nrfivnl Ciipplifs from this
place. Lon. ,2t /i6 k, lat. 3246 n.

De-rnis, or Derni/c/i, a town and for-
tnlij of D^ilmutia, en a mountain, near
the riv«r Ktrka. |H rn n Scbcnico.

Deroir^ u town of Egypt, with a
grand H'mple. on an ific formed by the
c^nal from Cairo 10 Rofctta, 50m nnw
Cairo.

J>V/// , fee Dorpt

Hcrry \ fee Londonderry,

iJer-iuent, a river in Derbyfhire, which
iifcsin the Peak, flows s th > a^^h thi*
middle of the county, by D« rl>y, and
joins the Trent, on the burtleis of Lei-
cefttrlhire.

Der-vcnt, a river in Yorkfliire, which
rlfes in the n riding, flow* by Mahon,
and joins the Oiife, near H iwden.

Derivent, u river in Durh.im, which
forms, for Ibme fpace, the boundary
between that county and Northumber-
land, and joins the Tync, ..hove New.
caftle.

Derivent, a river n Cumberland,
which flows N through tlu; lakes of
Dcrwcnt-water and Bairenthwaite '."a-
ter, and then runs w by Cockermouth,
into tiic IriOi feu, near Workington.

D<^au<■«^<U'''"■<'r,alakeinCunlbtrlanc',
T!»?ar to Keiwitk, nf an oval form, 3
m long and a mile and a half wide. It
IB furrounded by rocky mountains,
broken into many *,:(!taftic liapes.
The precipices feldom ovri.ang the
water, but are arraij^ed at fume dif-
tance; andthe (hores fwel' w-»h woody
eminences, or fink into grctr, p^ftoral
margins. The lake contains five iflands;
one of which, near the centre, is famous
for having been the rcfidence of St.
Herbert, the ruins of whose hermitage
are yet remaining. ThK river Dcrwent
flows throujjh this bke-

Defaguadero, a river of New Spain.
See Juan, St-

Defagtuidert, a town of Chili, feated
on a lake of the lame name, a6o m e
Valdivia. Lon. 67 30 w, lat. 40 5 s.

Defeada, one of the Caribee illands,
in the W Indies- It is 10 m long and
5 broad, and generally the firftland that
is made in failing to the W Indies.
Lon. 61 JO w, lat. 16 40 n.

Defeada^ or Cape De/ire, the sw
point ot Patagonia, at the entrance of
the ftrait of Magellan, from the South
fea. Lon. 74 18 w, lat. 53 4 s.

Defna, a river of Ruffia, which be-
comes navigable at Brianfk, flows thence
by Niznei Novogorod and Czernikou,
and enters the Dnieper, above Kiof.

Dejfauf a ftroDg town of Upper Sax-

D E V

ony, capital of the principality of A«-
iiali Drjlaii. It has manufadures of
cloth, fti'ckings, and hats; and is feated
on the Miilda. at its coii.lux with the
Elbe, 37 in N Leipzic. Lon. la 25 u,
lat. 51 52 N.

Detmo/d, a town of Weftphalia, in
the county of Lippe, with a fortified
caftle; felted on the Wchera, 17 m
NNW Pailerborn.

Detroit, a town of the United States,
capital of Michigan, with a Itrong fori
ItH trade confifts in a barter of coarf'j
European goods with the Indians fr -
furs, deer fltins, tallow, &c. The fo t
liir eiidcred to the Hiitilli in 181 a. It 's
fituate on the w fide of the ftrait, o-
river, that forms the communication
between the lakes St. Clair autl Erie,
18 m N of the latter. Lon. 8a 56 w,
lat. 4: 40 N.

Dcttelbach, a town of Franconia, in
the prim ipality of Wurtzlnirg, feated
on the Maine, 8 m k V\ urtzburg.

DettinfTftt, a village of Germany,
in ilie teriitory of Hanau, 4 m .sb
Hnnau. Here George 11 gained a vic-
tory over the French in 1743.

Deva, atown of Spain, iuGiiipufcoa,
on the bay of Bilcay, 15 m sk Bilboa.

Dfy/e/to, or Zagoria, a town of l^u-
ropean Turkey, in Bulgaria, the fee of
a Greek archbilhop ; fituate on the Pa-
n'za, near the Bl i^-k fea, 58 m ne
Adrianople, and 106 nnw Conftantino-
pie. Lon. 27 aa e, lat. 4a 25 n.

Deventer, a city of Holland, the ca-
pital of Overyflel, with a college. It is
lorrounded by ftrong walls, and feated
oa the Yflcl, 50 m b Amfterdam. Lon.
6 10 E lat. 5a 17 N.

Devertn, a river of Scotland, which
rifes In the se of B.infflhire, and enter*
the ocean at Banff. It forms the boun-
dary between the counties of Aberdeen
and Banff for many miles.

Devizes, a borough in Wiltfhire, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market on
Thurfday, and a maniifatturc of ferges
and other woollen ftuffs. It has two
churches i and on a hill within the town
are the remains of a caflle, originally a
Roman work. It is 34 m nw Salifbury,
and 89 w London.

Devon, a river of Scotland, which
rifes in the se of Perthfhire, and, after a
courfe of 40 m, enters the Forth at
Clackmannan, only 8 m diftant from its
fource In Perthfhire it forms fome lO-
mantic waterfalls, called the DeviU-
mil!, the Rumbling-bridge, and the Cal-
dron-linn.

Devonjlnre, a county of England,
bounded on the n w and n by the firif-

^^^

-jati

DEZ

tol channel, e by Somcrfctrt)iie and
Dorftftfliire, se and s by the EiigliHi
channi'l, and w l)y Coriiw:ilI. It is 40
m long and 64 broid, containing
'•5')-»3»o acres; is divided into 32
hundreds, and 465 pirilhes; lias a city
and •^j inaikct-tDwiis ; and lends z6
nifuibers to parliameet. Tlir number
of inlMbitaiit^ vviS ?t<.oo4 in 1801, and
383,30^ lit 181 1. The air in lb mdd in
the valleys, that the myitlt jjrows un-
flu-Iteied ; but it is cold and bU*ak on
the moiintiins. The foil is various, for
the lower (grounds are naturally I'eiiile,
and tlie hills are very barren. In the
ealli rn pait there is pleniy of good
corn, and fi ,e paltur.igi; for Iheep,
wlKie ihe grounds arc dry anti chalky.
The fouihern part is remarkably fer-
tile; ;ind fruii-tiees are pltrnfiful, cl'pe-
cially apples, from which a great quin-
tity of cider is made On the cond is
found a peculiar rich fand, of fingular
fervice to luifbandmcn The middle
pirt is occupied by tht f red o. Dart-
ino >r. The weftern par- abounds with
game, efpccially har^s, ph^.afttits, and
woodcocks; and here in a hit d fo very
fmall, that it is reputn'. a hiimmin;j;-
bird, and like that conftniifls its ncft Oii
the extreme branches of trees. Devon-
fliirc was formerly more celebrated for
its m" les than oven Cornwall ; and al-
though the latter has nearly monopo-
lized the trade, the ftannary laws in
fome degree re:nain in force. Here aie
veins of loadftone ; likewife quarries of
good ftoiic add (late, great quantities of
whieii are exported. In the sw parts
arc much marble, and in many places
marble rocks are the bafis of the high
road. The principil rivers are the
Tamar, Taw.'lorridgc, Ex, Teign,and
Dart. Exeter is thccipital.

L)euprag, a town of Tibet, in the
country of Siniagur, feated at the con-
flux of the Allaknandara with the Gan-
ges, 23ms Sirinagur.

Deux Fonts, or Z<wfybrucken, a late
duchy o» Germany, in the palatinate of
the Rhine. The country is mountain-
ous, but celebrated for mines of quick-
lllver, and yields abundance of corn,
wood, and wine. It now belongs to
France, and is included in the depart-
mexu of .MontTonnerre.

Dfux Ponts, a town of France, in
the department of Mont Tonnerre, late-
ly the capital of the duchy of the fame
name, with a magnificent palace. It it
feated on the Erbaiih, 40 in nnw Straf-
burg, and 50 sw Mentz. Lon. 7 38 e,
Jat. 49 15 N.
Dtzfoul, a town of Perfia, in Kufi*

DI R

flan, on the river Abz il, over vv fhlgai
elegant biid|jr of twciity-twoarchts, ,3a
m N by w Txfler.

O'uiflin, a Njwn of Turkiftj Armenia,
with af 'itaiid towers; fuated on thi- v.
branrh of the Euphrates, near itsfource,
25 m w Hayazid, and 155 E:>t Erzc-
rum-

Diarbek, or Diarbelir, a province of
A(i:itic Turkey, between the Tigris and
Euphrates; iHnimled on the n by Ar-
menia, Eby Kurdiftan, s by Irak, and \v
by Syria and Roiirn. It wa» the ancient
Mcfopot.imia, and is fometimen called
Al(;e/,ira. The country is exeeedingly
mountainous; but is intctfpci fed with
fcriile vallies, whicli yield corn, wine,
oil, fruit, .inu all the neccflaries of life
in abundance.

D'tarbekir, a cityof Afiatic Turkey,
capital of the province of Diarbek. It
is the ancient Amida. and furrounded by
a prodigious wall of bi ick ftonc, built
by the Romans. T'he callle is alfo fur-
rounded by a (trong wall, including
many handfone buildings, where the
pacha and his ollicers refide. The
Turks are more aff.tble here than in
other pUces, with rtgard to the Chrifti-
ans, who are ab.^ve 20,000 in number.
It has a urc It trade iu red Turkey lea-
ther, and maiiutaftures of cotton, filk,
copper, and iron. It is feated on the
Tigris, 180 m ne Aleppo. Lon. 39 $z
E, lat. 3756 N.

Die, a town of France, in the depart-
ment of Drome, latc'y an epifcopal fee.
It is feated on the river Drome, 24 m se
Valence.

Dieburg, a town of Germany, in the
late eledorate of Mentz, 10 m aw .Nf-
chatfenburg.

Oiego, St. a town on the coaft of
New Albion, capital of a jurifdidlion
of its name. The European olive flou-
riflics in its vicinity, from which good
oil is made. The port affords excel-
lent anchorage. Lon. 117 j8 w, lat.

32 40 N.

Ditkircli, a town of the Netherlands,
in the duchy of Luxemburg, fituate on
the Semoy, 18 m n Luxemburg.

DiepholtZi a town and caftle of
Weftphalia, capital of a county of the
fame name. It has maniitadtures of
coarfe woollen and linen cloth, and
ftands on the river Hunte, near the
lake Dummer, 30 m nw Minden. Lon.
8 28 E, lat. 52 36 N.

Dieppe, a feaport of France, in the
department of Lower Seine, with a
good harbour formed by the mouth of
the river Arques, an old caftle, and two
piers. The principal trade confiftsJ i «

DIJ

fifh, ivory, toys, and laccfl. It was
bombarded by the Englifli in 1694, and
is not fo confidcrable as formerly. It is
30 m N Roufn, and 13a nw Paris. Lon.
I 4 K, lat. 49 56 N.

liierdorf, a town of Weftphalia. ca-
pital of the upp»;r conniy of Wied,
with a caille. It is fltuaie on the Wied«
bach, 10 m nnw Coblcntz.

Diernjlein, a town of Auftria, with
an Auguftine convent, and the ruins of
a caftle, in which Richard i of England
was imprifoned. It is leated on the-
Danube, 7 m ne St Polten.

Die/en, a town of Bavaria, on the w
fide of the lake Ammerfee, 10 m 8e
Landfbrrg.

Drrfenhofent a town of SwiflTerland,
in TIjurgau, feated on the RhinC) 5 m
s SchaJThaufen.

Diefty a town of the Netherlands, in
Brabant, with confiderable manufac-
tures of cloth, Rockings, &c. feated on
the Domer, 16 m ne Louvain.

JJietz, a town of Germany, in Weft-
erwald, capital of a county of the fame
name, with a ftrong cattle. It is fubjedt
to the prince of NalTau-Dietz, and leat-
ed on the Lahn, 24 tn wsw Wctzlar.
Lon. 7 53 E, lat. 50 20 N.

Dieuze, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Meurthe, with wells of wa-
ter that produce much fait. It is feated
on the Seille, 22 m ne Nancy.

-0/V«, St. a town of France, in the
department of Vofges- It had lately a
celebrated chapter, whole canons were
obliged to produce proofs of nobility.
It is feated qu the Meurthe, 30 m sb
Luneville.

J^ijs^/iton, a. town of Maflachufets, in
Briftol county, fituate near Taunton
river, 7 m ssw Taunton.

Dignant, a town of Iftria, 3 m from
the ^nlf or Venice, and 45 s Triefte.

Digne, a town of France, capital of
the department of Lower Alps, and a
bifliop's ll-e. It is famous for its hot
baths, and icatca on the Kleone, 30 m
3 by w i^mbrun. Lon. 6 16 e, lat. 44
10 N.

Dijon, a city of France, lately an
archhifliipvic, but now a hifhopric, and
capit il of the de;jartment of Cote d'Or.
'i'iu' publi(! ftrudiiros, and particularly
the chuichi^s, are vtry. fine. In front
of the Palace Royalc, is the ancient
palace of the dukes of ISurgundy ; and
at the K'ftes of Dijon is a ch.utreufe, in
whiciiiomeofthofc princes are interred.
Dijon is leated in a plealant plain, which
produces excellent wine, between two
fmall rivers, 48 m ne Autun. Lon. 5 a
E> ht. 47 19 N.

DI N

Dill •, fee Dclos.

Dillm, a mountain of Hindooftan, on
the coatt of Tellicherry, ao m n by w
Tellicherry.

Dillrtnburfr, a town of Germany, in
Wi'fterwald, c.»pi;al of a county of the
fame name, rich in mines of copper and
iron, it has a fortrefs, on a mountain,
the, ulual refidcncc of the prince of
NaflauDillenburg; and is feated on
the Dillen, 14 m nnw Wetzlar. Lon.
ft 'y i:, Idt JO 42 N.

DiUengen, a town of Suabia, with a
catholic unirerfity, feated on the Da-
nube, 17 m nw Augfburg.

Dimotuc, a town of European Tur-
key, in Romania, and a Greek arch-
bifhop's fee ; feated on a mountain, fur-
rounded by the Meriza, 12 m sw
Adrianople.

Dinagepour, a town of Hindooftan,
capital of a diftridt in Bengal; feated
near the w branch of the Teefta, 102 m
N by E Moorfliedabad. Lou. 88 45 e,
lat. 2536 N.

Dinant, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Cores du Nord, feated on
a craggy mountain) by the river Hance>
20 m s St. Malo.

Dinant, a town of the Netherlands,
in the territory of Liege, with a caftle,
and eight churches. The chief trade is
in leather, and in the vicinity are quar-
ries of marble and mines of iron. It is
feated near the Meufe, 15 m ssE Na«
mur> and 44 sw Liege.

Dinafmouthy, a town of Wales, in
Merioneihlhire, governed by a mayor,
with a market on Saturday. It ftands
at the foot of a high precipice, on the
river Dyii, 18 m s by w Bala, and 196
NW London.

Dindigulf a province of the peninfula
of Hindoottan, 86 m long and 40 broad,
lying between Coimbetore and Travan-
core, and chiefly fertile in rice. On the
defeat of Tippoo in 1 799 it became liib-
je<a to the Britifh.

Dindigul, a town of Hindooftan, ca-
pital of the province of the fame name,
with a fortrcfs on a rock. It is 40 m
NNW Madura, and 77 se Coimbetore.
Lon. 78 2 E, lat. 10 24N.

Dingeljingi a town of Bavaria, feated
on the Ifer, 20 m ene Landfchut.

Dingle, a feaport and borough of Ire-
land, in the county of Kerry. The
chief exports are butter, beef, corn, and
linen. It is feated at the head of an
inlet, on the n fide of Dingle bay, 28
m wsw Tralee. Lon. 10 38 w, lat. 51
58N.

Dingivall, a borough of Scotland, in
Rofsfiiire. Some linen yarn is manu

tftan, OB
N by w

lany, in
jr of the
jpcr and
oiintain,
rince of
ated on
r. Lon.

I, with a
ihe Da-

;an Tur-
ek arch-
:ain, lur-
i m sw

idooilan,
1; feated
tai I02 m
88 45 E>

n the de-
feated on
er Kance,

therlandSf
I a caftie,
•f trade is
larc quar-
on. It is
ssE Na«

Vates, in

mayor,

t ftands

on the

and 196

penlnfula
.0 broad,
Travan-
Onthc

:ame lub-

oftan, ca*
•ne name,
is 40 m
imbetorc

■la,

feated
mt.

gh of Ire-
?y. The
corn, and
;ad of an
bay, 28
, lat. 51

)tland, in
is manu

DIX

fadured here ; and there is a lintmlll in
the nt'ighhourhood, and a produ(5live
falnion fiftitry in the river Coitan. It is
leatfd at the heaci of the frith of Cro-
njarty, 18 m wsw Tain, and 18 nw In-
VL'rni'f3. Lon. 4 14 vv.lat. 5744 n.

Dinkelfftlt a town of Snabi.i, with a

foundation of Teutonic knights, ami a

.trade in cloth and reaping-hooks ; f(?at-

ed on the Wcrnitz, 18 m nnw Hor-

lingen.

Dirfchau, a fortified town of W
Pruflla, feated on the Viftula, 9 m w
Marienburg.

Difentii, a town of Swiflerland, in
the canton of Grifons, with an abbey
founded in the feventh century ; fitua'e
near the fourccs of the Rhine, 10 m ssw
Ilantz.

Dijhley, a village in Leicefterfhlre,
a m NW Loughborongh, rendered fa-
mous by a native grazier and farmer,
Robert Bake well (who died in 1795)
from his fuccefsful experiments and
pradices in the improvement of live
ftock.

Difmal Swamp, a marfliy tra«5t of the
United States, on the coaft of N Caro-
lina, 50 m long and 30 broad, entirely
covered with trees, brufliwood, and
reeds. It occupies the whole country
between Albemarle found and Famlico
iound.

Dt/s, a town in Norfolk, with a mar-
ket on Friday, and ir.anuf;S(Jtures of
canvas and hole ; feated on the fide of
a hill, by the river Waveney, 19 m s
Norwich, and 86 nne London.

DjIJen, or TiJ/et:, a town of Weft-
phalia, in the principality of Ofuaburg,
noted for falt-works, 16 m se Olha-
burg.

Diftington, a village in Cumberland,
4 m N by E Whitehaven A great
quantity of lime is burni here, and fcnt
to Harrington and Whitehaven for ex-
portation.

Diui an ifland of Hindooftan, 3 m
long and a mile broad, making the s
point of Guzerat, at the entrance .if
the gulf of Cambay, On it is a fortified
town of the fame name, built of free-
ftone and marble ; and it contains fome
fine churches, ere<5ted by the Portu-
guefe, about the time they took poflef-
fion of the ifland in 1515. The trnde
of the town, once lo important, isalmoft
entirely removed to Surat. It is 1 80 m
w by s Surat, and 300 nw Bombay.
Lon. 70 5 E, lat. lo 45 V.

DtjeaNt a town of Abyfliinia, in Tigre,
feated on the top of a conical hill, and
inhabited by Moors and Chriftians.

DOG

Their chief trade is ftcaling c. Ulren,
and carrying them to a market ' Ma-
lliah, whence they arc Omt to Ar liii or
India. It is 34 m s Maluah.

OixiJiuele,^ fortified town of the Ne-
therlands, in Flandtrs, celebrated tor ita
excelU'iitcheefe and bnttrr. It is feaied
on the Ypcr, 13 m n Ypres.

Dixwr^ St. a town of France, in the
department of Upper Manic, feated on
the Marne, 13 m nnk, Joinvilli-.

Dnieper^ anciently the Boriftiiciics,
a large river of RulFia, which rifes in thf
government of Tver, pafles by Snio-
lenflc, Mohilcf, Rohaczow, Kiof, Kry-
low, and Cherfm, and enters the Black
fea near Oczakof ; but its fandy elluary
willfeldnm admit large vefleis. I'lirougli
its whole courfe, of above hoo m, its na-
vigation is only once interruptetl by a
feries of cataradts, which bigin below
the influx of the Samara, and continne
for above 40 m ; but thefe have been fo
much reduced, that they can at all times
be paflTi'd by loaded barka, except in fea-
fons of grcAt drought.

Dniejhr, a riv<'r, the ancient Tyras,
which rifns in Galicia, in Auftrian Po-
land, and flows to Chockzim, dividing
Podolia from Moldavia ; it then pafles
by Bender, feparating Bcflarbia from
the Ruflian government of Catharincn-
flaf, and enters the Black fea, at Aker-
man.

Dobeliriy a town of Courland, ao m
sw Mittau.

Dobrzin, a town of Poland,- in the
palatinate of Ploczko, feated on a rock,
near the Viftula, 14 m nw Ploczko

liockum, a town of Holland, in W
Friefland, rear the mouth of the rivtr
Ee, 10 m NE Lewarden.

Dodbrookt a town in Dovonfliire,
with a market every third Wednefday.
and noted as being the firlt place where
white ale was brewed. It ftands on the
Salcomb, by which it is parted from
Kinglbridge, 208 m wsw London.

Doel, a town of the Netherlands, in
Flanders, on the river Scheldt, op[)ofitc
Lillo, 7 m NW Antwerp.

Doejhurg, a town of Holland, in Gel-
derland. Ij; has been often taken ; and
the rcdudlion of it, in 1586, was the firll
exploit of the Englifn forces Tent by
queen Elifabtth to the afl:(bince of the
Dutch. It is feated on the Yflel, 10 m
bswZutphcn.

Dofar ; fee Dafar.

Dogadty a province of Italy, in th.-?
duchy of Venice, in which is the capital .
It is bounded en the e by the gulf of
Venice, s by tolcfino, w by Paduano,

'»' (i I

■C M

M '■ -. t

t'fe

w

'fV5'

DOM

and N by Trevii",<iH.. It cnmprthends
many Im.ill ill;irnlb near it, c.ilKil the
Lapunes of I rnicf.

l)ol, a K)wr» ' t France, in the depart-
n^ent oflUc and Vilann'. lately an epif-
cop.il fcf ; firuair in n mor.ifs, 5 in from
tlie leu and ai 3l St. iM;il(».

Dolcf Aqua, 1 town of Piedmont,
with a caftk', featcd 011 the Ncrvia, 5 m
X Vintiniiglia.

l)olci\(no^ a town of Kurnpean Tur-
key, in Albania, and abillmp's fft, with
a good harbour and a citadel ; feated on
the Drino, 40 in sv. Scutari. Lon. 19 34

K, lat. 42 12 N.

Dole, a town o^ '"•.vincc, in the de-
partment of Jura, on tlie river Doubs,
«5 m wsw Uff-iDtjon.

Dolgelly, a town «if Wales, the larpeft
in Merioiifthfliire, with a market on
Tuctdny an<l Saturday, and a manufac-
ture of coaife woollen clolli, undicd,
called webbing. The niimbir of in-
liabitants was 2949 in 1801, and 3064
in 18 1 1. It \« leated on the river
\Vnion, at the foot of th.- mountain
Cad^r Idris, la m SE Hdrlech, and aia
Nw Lordon.

DcHart Bay, a bay or lake ftparaling
E Frn Hand. \v. Germany, iVom Gronin-
cen, ill lloHaiid. It was formed by an
iiuindatioti of the fca in 1277, when ^t^
villajios arc faid to have been deftroycd.

Dolores, a town of New Spain, in
Meclioaciin, in the middle of the mining
JiftridlolGuanaxuato, 20 m Nw of that
city.

Doma'-.dizi; a town of Bohemia, in
tbe circle ot Piiii.11, on the rivulet Cad-
buzz, 17 m b Pillcn.

Do».}/aco, a fmall ifland near the coaft
of Birmah, in the bay of Bengal. Lou.

')A y'j r- lat 17 32 ^■•

Dcmbc^i a late principality and fraall
countiy of Franc?, in I'nrgundy, of
which Trtvoux was the capital It is
now part of the depirtment of Ain.

DombroTjaz, a town of Poland, in
the p.i;atinate of Leinbcrg, 60 m sw

Domfrout, a town of France, in the
dep.irtriicnt of Otne, feated on a craggy
rock, by the river Vaieniie, o^^ m Nw
Ahi *;■ n.

Doniii'go, St- or Ilifpaniola, one of
the rithelt iflands in the VV Indies, 370
m in length and from 60 to 120 in
brcadtl!, except at the vv part where it
divides into two peninfulas about 25 m
broad; tiiat to the 3 being tlie longell,
and extending 150 m. It was difcover-
ed by Columbus, in 1492, who called it
Ilifpaniola ; but building a city to which
he gave the name of St. Domingo, the

DOM

ifland it now more frequently called by
that name than Ilifpaniola. 'I he na-
tives call it H-«yti, or highland, for luch
it prefenis itfelf, particularly to the n.
The ifland is iiirrounded by craggy
rocks and dangerous flioals. The heat
10 the N and sr would be infupportab'e
for fix months of the year, if not quali-
fied by the eafterly winds, and frequent
r.iins; but the lattet fnon fpoil the
flclh. t)read, and fruits. It has mines
of gold, talc, and cryftal; cxtenfive and
rich vallies ; ami immenfe verdant p'ains
whire numerous herds pafturc in com-
mon. The chief rivers are the Artt-
bonite. St. Jagi>, Ncyba, Yuna, Ozama,
and Nifao. The Spaniard!) hud poflef-
fiori of the whole ifland for 120 years ; in
the Prft fifteen of which they reduced
at lead a million of inh litanis to
^10,000. They were afterv... /d forced
to divide the ifland with the French,
who had the w part, but not equal to
one third ; and the Spaniards retained
the E, which is the nioft fruitful. This
joint pofleflinn continued till 1795,
when the S^janiards ceded their part to
the French Since the revolution in
France this ifland has been fubjedt to
great calamities. In 1791 an infurrcc-
tion began in the French part, and in a
Hiort time not lefs than ioo,coo blacks
were in arms ; the manufaiJlures and
plantations appeared as one general con-
flagration, and the plains and moun-
tains were covered with carnage and
blood. An African by birth, named
Touflaiiit, was afterward inverted with
the command of the blacks and mu-
lattos. In 1802 the French fcnt an ad-
ditional force, and after fcveral encoun-
ters the negro chief was induced to ac-
cept of apparently favorable terms ; but
foitn after he was perfidioufly feized,
and fent in irons to France, where he
perifliid in a dunpeon. Two other
blat'l^ chiefs, Deflalines and Chriftophe,
faved themfelves by flight ; the natives
again flew to arms; and the French
troops fell vidims to the climate. Def-
falines fucceeded to the authority of
TouflTaint, and in 1804 cauled hirnfclf
to be proclaimed emperor of Hayti. In
1806 the chiefs begun to war againft
each other, and the black emperor was
killed. Chrinophe was eleded chief in
his place; and in iKii was crowned
king of Hayti. He is in poflcfllon of
the town and harbour of .S:. Nicholas,
and has long been in a (late ot warfare
with other chiefs, particulaily Pethion,
who is poflefled of Port au Prince. In
1809, the Spaniards, aided by the Bri-
tiib> finally expelled the French from

ed it in
forces,
at 23,000
were far
w, lat. i5
Domini
Caribee
lies abou
loupe anc
and 13 I
Englifii ii
by the j
took it in
and in 17
attempt,
landed w
foners.
t rem en do
foil is thii
rearing
fides of
the VV In
plied wit
t^harlotte

Domini
of the Fac
fas. Lon

Hiinin^

U O M

the h part of this idjind, and roiaincd
tlu'ir ancient capital. St. Doniinjjo lies
hftwceii J.im lica to the w, and Porto
Rico to the i.

Domingo, St, the capital of the f.
part of thi iflaiid of Si. Domingo, and
itn archbifliop's let' It is of a qua-
drangular form, above 2 m in circuit,
with the K fide to the river O/ama, and
the s to the fea; and is dcfenv^ed by
forts and butteries. The ramparts that
fiuTound the city, and the walls of the
hoiifes, an* formed of a glutinous red
carlh mixed with lime, u-hich acquires
a hardnefs and durability rqn;il to
ftoiie. 'I'he cathedral is a large ftruc-
ture, foiming the s fide of the main
Iquare, and in it is prcferved the firft
crofs Columbus planted in the idand.
On the right of the high altar, for many
years, n lied the remains of that great
man, brought from Seville in a brafs
coffin ; but, on the idand being ceded
to the French, they were removed to
Havana in i7()6. The convents and
nunnerifjs are I'pacious bu . .igs , and
the palace is a good p'ain editicc- Here
are barracks for 2000 men, and a fine
arfenal. The houfes are built in a
fquare form, with flat roofs, and have a
court in the middle. I he harbour was
formerly good, but is now choked up
with fand and mud, that its commcirt
has been long cxtin<5t. 'Ihis city was*
the laft principal place in the idand
retained by the Fr«'nch, who fiirrcnder-
ed it in 1809 to thr BritHh and Spanilh
forces. '1 he inhabitants are tftiinatid
at 22,000, but before the laic calamities
were far more numerous. Lon. 69 50
w, lat. 18 28 N.

Dominica, one of the Wirdward
Caribee idands in the W Indies. It
lies about half-way between Guada-
loupe and Martinico, and is 2K m long
and 13 broad. It was taken by the
Engliih in 1761, and confirmed to them
by the peace of 1763. The French
took it ill 1778, but reftored it in 17H3 ;
and in 1795 they made rn unfuccefsful
attempt, for all the Frenchmen that
landed were either killed or taken pri-
foners. It fuftered great damage by a
tremendous hunicane in 1806. The
foil is thin, and better adapted to the
rearing of coftee than fugar ; but the
fides of the hills bear the hnelt trees in
the W Indies, and the idand is well fup-
plied with rivulets. The capital is
Charlotte-town.

Dominica, the largeft of the idands
of the Facific ocean, called the Marque-
fas. Lon. 139 4 w, lat. 941s.
Damlrut il>t. one of the Tremiti

DON

id.inds.inthe prnlf of Venice, 15 mfrona
the coaft of Naples.

Domltz, a town of Lower Saxony,
in .M«'cklciiburg-Schwerin, with a foit,
feated at the conllux of the Elve and
Elbe, 25 m sSchwerin.

Dommel, a river of Dutch Hrabant,
which receives the Aa below Bois le
Due, and then dows intf>the Meufe.

noma d'OjJola, or Ojjolu, a town of
Italy, in Milanele, with a ciftle ; featcd
on the Tofa, in the txtcnlive and de-
lightful valli y of Oiri)la, which is from 2
to 7 m wide, atid clofcd at ih< n end by
the mountain Scm[>ionc. The town in
much frequented by Milanefe and Swift
merchants. It is 45 m nnw Novara.
Lon. 14 36 r., lat. 45 56 n.

Domptiire, a town of France, in the
department of Vofges, 10 m WNW
Epinal.

Domrenuji a tovn of Frnnce, in the
dcpartineni (.f Miiife, the birthplice of
the cekbnitetl Joan of Arc, the Maid
of Orleain. It ifl li'ated on the Meufe,
5 m N Nenfchatrau.

Domvillers, a town of France, in the
department of Menle, 14 m N Ver<Iun.
Don, a river of Rudi i, which tepa-
rates the sk part of Europe from Ada.
It iflue* from the lake St. John, in the
government of Tula, and dows into the
fea of Afoph, by fevcnd mouths. Thit
river has fo many windings, and Ibch
numerous ihoals, as to be Icarcely na-
vigable, except in the fpring, on the
melting of the fnows ; and fiat-boi-
tomed boats only, except in the fame
feafon, can pafs into the fea of Afoph.
Its whole coutfe is cftimated to bi- 66(»
m ; and in the fpring it rifes abov«
fixteen ieet, and inundates the adjacent
^^lains.

Don, a river of Scotland, which rifes
in the w part of Aberdeenfliire, receive.*
th^ Urie-water at Inverary, pafles by
Kintore, and enters the German ocean,
at Old Aberdeen.

Don, a river in Yoikftiire, which rifes
on tlie borders of Chefhire, dows by
Penillone, Shefl'ield, Rolherham, Don-
cader, and Thorn, and joins the Oufc
near its termination in the Humber.

Donaghadee, a fmall feaport of Ire-
land, in the county of Down, 20 m
wsw Port Patrick, in Scotland, be-
tween which two places are regular
packet-boats. At the entrance of the
harbour is a lighthoufe, which with
that at Port Patrick renders the padage
convenient in the darkefl night. It is
15 m Eby N Belfafl.

Donauefchingen, or Donffchingen, a
town of Suabi3> in the principality of

\y I •%

;i J

DON

Furftcnlnirg. It is tin- chief rcfijrncc
of the piince; in tlic coiirt-yanl of
wlioic palace arc li)inc fprinnH, collt'jSt-
ed in a nritvoii aboiil jo ftt*i fquan*,
which has lh«? honour of beiiiK called
the head of the Daiiiibc. It is i j m
NNw Scaflhaiifen.

.I)o>m<iotrt, ii Itmii); town of Bavaria,
fcatnl on tlic D.iiiuht, at the influx of
the W'erniix, 2^ m n by w Aii};(burg.

Dj'unjler, a town in W Yorkfliirc,
governed by a mayor, with a market
on Saturday. It had a cadle, now in
ruins ; and has manufadures of (lock-
ings, waidcoutu, andglovcs. The ho\)lcs
are well built, and many genteel fami-
lies refide here, who have their aflem-
blics, concerts, Sec 'I'he number of in-
habitants was 5697 in 1801. and ^)93S in
181 1- It is feated on the river Don, 37
m s York, and 158 n by w London.
Lon. 1 i; w, lat. 53 33 n.

Doncherry, a town of France, in the
department of Ardennes, leated on the
Alenfe, 3 m w Sedan.

Donefral, a county of Ireland, in the
province of Ulller, 68 m long and 44
broad ; bounded on the w and n by
the ocean, e by Londonderry and Ty-
rone, and s by Fermanagh and the bay
of Donegal. It contains about 140,000
inhabitants, is divided into 45 parilhes,
and lends two members to parliament.
It is, in general, a champaign country,
has extenfive linen manufadures, and
abounds with harbours. Lifibrd is the
capital.

Donegal, a town of Ireland, in the
county of the lame name, with a fine
old caftlc. It Hands at the extremity
of a large bay, to which it gives name,
at the influx of the Ealk, jo m n by e
B-llylhannon, and 28 sw Lifibrd. Lon.
;'47 w, lat. 5436 N.

Doneraile, a boroupli of Ireland, in
the county of Cork. Near it are quar-
ries of varieg itejd marble. It is fituate
on the Awheg, 23 m n by w Cork, and
34 f> Limerick.

Donetz, or J}anaftx, a river of RulTia,
v-fhich riles near Bielgorod, and flou-s sk
to the Don, which it enters 46 m above
Tfcherkhaflc, the capital of the Cof-
ficks. The ColFacks and Tartais en-
tertain a notion that it leaves the Don
again, and they give the name of Da-
naetz to the molt northern branch of
the Don.

Dofjgola, or Dungala, a town of
Nubia, capital of a kingdom of the
fame name- It contuins 10,000 houfes
of wood, and is feated on the Nile,
among mountains, 500 m n by w Sen-
nar. Lon. 3a 5 e, lat. 19 25 n

Donjon, a tiHvn of France, In the de-
partment of Allier, 24 ni sv. Moulins.

J)onniu_\;t'jH, a town in Lincolnlhire,
with a n\arlut on S.ihirday. Much
hemp is cultivittd in the nci^hbour-
hoiid. It ii }i in Wkw Boflon, and io6
N London.

Donti/. a town of France, in the de-
partment (»fNicvre, 2jm N Nevcrs.

Dooab, a fertilt; tra«5t of HindooOan,
between the Ganges and Jumna, near
the approxim ition of ihoff two rivers.
The principal p'art of it is fubje^l to the
nabob t»f Oude.

Doon, a river of Scotland, which iflucs
from a lake of the fame name in Ayr-
Ihire, and enters the frith of Clyde, 2 m
s Ayr.

Tioi/hak ; fee '/•ctrang.
Dorak, or I'elalii, a town of Perfia,
in Kuliftan, fituate on a branch of the
Jtrahi, ;> few miles below the ruins of
the ancient city of Dorak. It is fur-
rounded by a mud wall a m in circuit,
flanked with round towers. The palace
of the flieik covers a large fpace, but ig
a mifeiable llriidure ; *and the ma-
jority of the people prefer living in the
fuburbs, under the Ihade of dale-trees.
It is r,6 tn Sib. Tofter.

Doruri, a town of Arabia, in Yemen,
on the fide of a mountain, 28 m s Sana.
i^orat, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Vienne, feated on
the Abran, near its jundion with the
Sevrc, 25 m N Limoges .

■l)orc/ieJ?er, a borough and the county-
town of" Dorfetfliire, governed by a
mayor, with a market on Wednelday
and Saturday. It was formerly much
larger, ami the ruins of thy walls are
(till to be fecn in fome places. It has
three churches ; and a fine terrace-w.ilk,
planted with t.-ees, almoft furiound;.
the town, which has no manufattuies,
but is famous for excellent ale. The
number of inliabitints was 2402 in
1801, and 2546 in i8u. Alittletothe
s is a Roman amphitheatre, conftruded
of chalk and turf, luppoled to be the
moll perfed in the kingdom. A mile
to the sw is Maiden caftle, another
work of the Romans; there are three
ramparts and ditches, nearly oval, and
the whole area is 115 acres. Dor-
chefter is feated on the river Frome, 53
m E Exeter, and 120 w by s London.
Lcm. 2 26 w, lat. 50 43 n.

Dorch'-Jhr, a town in Oxfordfliire,
which was a ftation of the Romans,
and ruined in the wars with the Danes.
It was a bilhop's fee, till 1086, when
William the conqueror tranOated it to
Lincoln; and it had Hve churches,

■^M-

, In tilt' dc'
MoiitinR-

liiiculnlhirc,

ay. MiK'h
nt'ij^hbour-

otit and 106

t, in the do-

I Nevcrs.
Hiiulooflan,
mnna, near
two rivers.
ul)jc£l to the

iwliich ifTucs
amc ill AyT-
f I'iydc, z m

jn of Porfin,
ir.mch of the
' the ruins ol'
;. It is fur-

m in circuit,
. The palace

fp:ice, but is
iind the ma-
r living in the
of dalctrccs.

ia, tn Yenncn,
, a8 m s Sana,
ce, in the de-
ne, fcated on
lion with the

id the county- '
")vcrned by a
n Wednelday
Dnnerly much
i\vi walls are
Dlaccs. Itbab
: terrace-walk,
lofl: iurroundi.
manufattures,
lent ale. The
was 240a in
A little to the
■e, coni\ru<fted
lilcd to be the
.lorn. A mile
■aftle, another
ere are three
uly oval, and
acres- Dor-
ver Frome, 53
by s London.

Oxford lliire,
the Romans,
jith the Danes.
Ill 1086, when
Iranflated it to
Kve churches,

DOR

though now but one, which was the
cathedral. It is featcd on the Tame,
JO m SI'. Oxford, and 49 wnw London.

Dorche/Icr, a town of Mairachulets,
In Norfolk county, the next in fize to
Bodon. ft has munufaAurfs of paper,
chocolate, fnufT, leather, and fiioes, and
(lands on a bay of Bolton harbour, 3 m
s Bofton.

Dordogntt ^ department of France,
which includes the late province of Pc-
rigord. It receives its name from a
river, which rifcs in the mountains of
Auvtrgne, and joins the Garonne, near
Bourdeaux. The capital is Perigueux.

Dorejho ; lee Silijiria.

Doriinjj, a town in Surry, with a
market on Thurfday, and a great trade
in lime, flour, and fine poultry i featcd
near the river Mole, 1 1 m E Guilford,
and 23 8SW Loudon.

Dorn, a village in a detached part of
WoiceAcrniire, 3 m sii Camden in
Gloucencrfliire- The Roman foflway
runs through it, and abundance of coin,
both Roman and Britifli, have been
found here.

Dornburgt a town of Upper Saxdny,
in the principality of Weimar, with a
caftlej fituate on a hill, by the river
Saal, 14 m E Weimar.

Dornoch, a borough of Scotland, ca-
pital of Sutherlandfliire, at the entrance
of a frith of the fame name, over which
it has a ferry to Tain. It is much de-
cayed, but was formerly the refidence
of the bifhops of Caithncfs, and part of
the cathedral is kept up as the parifh
church. The number of inhabitants was
2362 in iSoi, and 2681 in 1811. It is 40
m sNE Invernefs. Lon. 3 48 w, lat. 57

Dorogol/uz, a town of RufTia, in the

{overnment of Smolenlk. The French

1 on their retreat hence toward Doulr-

bovftzina were defeated near the river

Vop, in iSiz- It is feated on the

JDnirper, 45 m ene Smolenfk.

Dor/iti or Dorpdt, a town of RuflTia,
in the government of Riga, with a uni-
I wfity. h is feated on the Ember, be-
tween the iahes Wofero and Pepas, f>o
[ms Narva. Lon. 47 5* E, bt. 58 18 n.

Dorfet/lirt; a county of England,

Ibounded on the n by Somerfetfhire and

Wiltfliire, B by Hampfhire, s by the

Englilh channel, and w by Devonfhire

|»nd Somerfetlhire. It is 50 m long and

!5 broad, containing 722,660 acre3; is

I divided into nine hundreds, and 465

[parilhes; has a+ market-towns; and

teds ao members to parliament- The

Inumber of inhabita 'Is wag » 15,3 19 u-.

DOU

1801, and ii4>69.) in 181 r. TnerdlU
generally rich and fertile, though in
fomc parts veiy findy; the northern
part, which is divid<'d by a range of
chalk hills from the fouthern, affordt
good padurage for cattk ; while the
louthern part chielly cculifts of fine
downs, and feeds itfcrcdibic numbers of
(hetp. The chalk hilts, which run
through every county from the se part
of the kingdom tlius far, terminate at
the further extremity of this ; but on
the coaft, chalk cliirs extend beyond it
intoDevonfljiie, 10 m w of Lyme. Front
tht? Il.impfliire border to the neigh-
bourhood of filandford a heathy com-
mon extends, which caules an excep-
tion to the general charad-.T of fertility
which this county merits ; but the rich
valei to the sw make ample amends.
The principal rivers are the Stour and
Frome. Here is plenty of poultry of alt
forts, fvvans, woodcocks, pheafantgj
partridges, fieldfares, &c. The*pro-
du(Jt8 are corn, wool, hemp, fine ftone,
and fome marble. This county is dif-
tinguifhed for its woollen manpfac-
tures, and its fine ale and beer. Dor-
chefter is the county-town, but Poole
is the largeft. See 2^ort/and md Pur-
beck.

Dorjieriy a fortified town of Weft-
phalia, in the county o*^ Recklinghau-
fen, feated on the Lippc, 15 m e by K
Wefcl.

Dort, or Dordrecht, a town of S Hol-
land, on an illand formed by the Meufe,
which is here called the Merwe. It is
famous for a protcftant fynod held in
1618, which condemned the tenets of
Armenius. Here are feveral Lutheran
and Calvinift churches, a fine council-
houfe, an excellent academy, and the
mint of S Holland. It has a good har-
bour, and a great trade in corn, wiae,
and timber ; of the latter immenfe rafts
are floated hither from Andernach, in
Germany. Its natural fituation is fuch,
that it has never been taktn by an ene-
my ; but it furrendcred to the French
in 1795- It is 10 in SE RoUerdam. Lon.
4 45 K,lat. 5! 51 N.

Dortmund, a (Irong toAVn of Weft-
phalia, in the county of Marck. It was
lately imperial, and is feated on the
Emlter, 15 m svv Ham. Lon. 7 aS e,
lat- 5 31 N.

Dotekonii a town of Holland, in Gel-
derland, with a foundery for bombs and
cannon-balls ; feated on the Yflel, 10
ni SE Doefburg.

Douarngnezy a town of France, in the
department of Finifterre, feated on a

DOV

bsy of the hmc nime, at the f ntrince
of the Englirti channel, « m nw Quiin-
per.

Douaif, a city of France, capital of
the department of Nord. with a fine
arfcnal, a t'oundery for cannon, a mill-
tary fchooli a citadeli and thre<? famous
oolleget. It wa> taiten by the duke uf
Marluorough in 1710. and retaken hy
the French, in 17 1 a, after the fufpenlion
of arms. It is ieated on the Scurpe,
whence there is a canal to the Deuir,
15 m NW Cambray. Lon. 3 5 i^i lat.

|0 S2 N.

Doubs, a department of Fiance, in-
cluding part of the late province of
Tranche Comt<;. It is fo named from a
river which flows into the Saone, below
Verdun. Befan9on is the capital.

Doiut a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mayenne and Loire, with
a confiderable manufaAure of druggets
and tammies. Near it is a vafl Roman
amplfitheatre, cut out of the folid rock.
It is 9 m sw Saumur.

Dove, a river in Derbylhire, which
rifes in the Peak, near Buxton, parts the
county from Stafibrdlhire, and joins the
Trent, 4 m below Burton.

Dovetf a feaport in Kent, governed
by a mayor, with a market on Wcdncf-
day and Saturday. It is fituate be-
tween two high cliffs, and on that e
from the town is an ancient caftle, in
which there are barracks for 3000 men.
The town is alio defended by Icveral
batteries. It was once walled round,
and had 10 gates, but there now re-
main only three, and thofe much out of
yvpatr; alfo feven churches, which are
How reduced to two in the town and
one in the caftle. The number of in-
habitants was 14*845 in 1801, and 9,074
in i8ii. It was formerly deemed jhe
key of the idand, and is the principal of
the cinque ports. It is the ftation of
the packet-boats that, in time of peace,
pafs between Dover and Calais, from
which it is diftant only 21 m. The
harbour is made by a gap in the cliffs,
which are of great height ; and hence,
in fine weather, is a proTpe^ of the coaft
of France. Dover is 15 m se Canter-
bury and 72 London. Lon. 1 18 e, lat.
51 8 N.

Dover, the capital of the ftatc of De-
laware, in Kent county. a he chief
trade is in corn and flour. It ftands on
Jones creek, 4 m tirom its mouth in De-
laware bay, and 66 ssw Philadelphia.
Lon. 75 34 w, lat. 39 10 n.

Dtnnr, a town of New Hampihire,
chief of Stafford county ) fUiMte on the

DOW

Cochfcho, 4 m above its jiin£>ion with
Salmon Fall river, which tojfc ther form
the Pilcutaqua. It is 14 in mw I'ortf-
mouth.

Douflast a town o^ Scotland, in La-
ne rkfhire, on a river of the fame name,
which joins thr Clyde, above Laiierk.
Here is Douglas caftlci a modern build-
ing, ereAed on the fite and in imitation
oMhe ancient caAlc. It is 40 m sw
I'ldinburg.

Douglas, a I'caport of the ille of Man,
nearly at the fitmc diftance from the
Englid), Scotch, and Irifli (horec, with
thj beft harbour in the ifland, which
^renders it the principal mart of trade.
A packet-boat (ails hence weekly to
Whitehaven. The town rifes near the
8 point of the bay in a triangular form,
and the refidcnce of the Englifli ii
chiefly confined to this fpot. Near the
mouth of the harbour is an ancient fort,
and a modern lighthoufe. Lon. 4 28 w,
lat. 54 5 N-

DouL'/as, Cape, a promontory on the
w coait of America, the w point of the
entrance of Cook inlet. Its fummit
forms two very high mountains. Lon.
15? 30 w, lat. 58 56 N.

Douihovjlzine, n town of Ruflia, in
the government of Smolenlk, 30 m Nfc
Smolenfk.

Doulaincourt, a town of France, in
the department of Upper Marnt, lo
m sw Joinville.

Doulens, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Somme, with two citadels;
ftated on the Autie, 15 .m n Amiens.

Dounet a town of Scotland, in Perth-
fliire, with the ruin of a huge fquare
caftle, whofe tower is yet full 80 feet in
height. Here is a manufaAure ofpif-
tols, and an extenfive cotton-mill. It
is feated on the Teith, 8 m nw Stirlitig, |
and 32 sw Perth.

DourdoH, a town of France, in the!
department of Seine and Oife, with a {
manufadure of filk and worded ftock*
ings; feated on the Orge, 25 m sw|
Paris.

Douro, a river that rifes in Spain,]
in the mountains of Urbion, on the ei
borders of Old Caftile, and flows wj
through that province and Leon to tt!f j
NE point of Portugal j it then turns s,"
and having feparated Leon from Tra
los Montes, again takes a w courfeJ
crofling Portugal to Oporto, where i^
enters the Atlantic ocean.

Dtwlatabady fornnerly called Amedj
nagur, a province of the Deccan of Hin j
dooftan ; bounded on the n by Candeif
and Malway, w by tht Gauti, > by Vi|

o)fcther form
in "w I'orlf-

(tlanJ» in L'-
c fame name,
ihote Lanerk.
modern bnild-
id in imitatii)n
t is 40 m 8W

heilleof Man,
mce fritm Uie
\[\ ftioreu, willj
; illand, which

mart of iradc.
ence weekly 10
/n rifes near the
triangular fonn,

the Englifli ii
fpot. Near the
I an ancient fort,
fe. Lon. 4 a8 w,

romontory on the
ic w point of the
let. Its fummit
iiountains. Lon.

own of RuiTia, in
nolcnlk, 30 m Ni

wn of France, iu
Ipper Marnt, \o

France, i» the de-
with two citadels;
, i5.m N Amiens.
kotland, ill Perth-
of a huge fquarc
5 yet full 80 feet in

r»anufaaure ofpij-
/e cotton-mill- U
1, 8 m Nw Stirling)

of France, in the
. and Oife, with a |
and worfted ftock-
c Orge, as m sv/j

hat rifes in Spain,
Urbion, on the e|
ftile, and flow* w
ice and Leon to m\
^al } it then turns sJ
ed Leon from Traf
' takes a w courlej
.0 Oporto, where iq

ocean. ,j

rmcrly called Amfdj

ftheDeccanotHiM

ontheNbyCandejM

lh«Gauti, «byVi|

DRA

flapnur und Colconda, and f. by Berar.
Aurungnbad it the capital

Donulataba/lt .1 l:irg>f fortrLTa of Hin-
doudan, which rIvch name to the pro-
vince. It iii built on a rock, almoft pcr-
pcndicntar on every lide, aritt riling 410
ti'ct ab'>vc tlitf plain. It iit 10 m nw
Aurungabad.

Ihion, A county of Ireland, in thr
province. of UKttr, .ji m long .tiiil ^4
broad ; houndt'd on thr r. by tic Irilh
if. I, w by Armagh, nw l»y Antrim,
ami 8 by Carlimjford bay and the ocean.
It is divided into 7a parillicR, f»*nds four
members to parliament, and contains
about 204,500 inhabitantH- It \h in ge-
neral ftrtile, has numerous bleach -
greens, and in the rough parts many
iiorfci are bred. The chief rivers arc
the Lagan and Ntury.

Down, or DonvHpatrick, a borough
of Ireland, capital of the county of
Down and a bifhop'.s fee united with
Connor. The cathedral is a new edi-
fice, not yet completed. It fends one
member to parliament, and Annds on
the sw branch of Strangford. Luugh,
74 m N by E Dublin. Lon. 5 4) w, fat.

54 29 K.

Doavfiham, a town in Norfolk, with
a market on Saturday, feated on the
fide of a hill, by the river Oufe. Every
IMonday is brought hither, to the river
fide, a prodigious quantity of butter,
which is fent up in boats to Cambridge,
and thence conveyed in wagons to
London, under the name of Cambridge
butter. It is 1 1 m s Lynn^ and 86 n by
B London.

lionvnitif^ton, or Downings, a town of
Pennfylvania, in Chefter county, on the
E fide of Brandywine creek, 33 m w by
ir Philadelphia.

Ot<wm, a famous road for (hipping,
on the E coaft of Kent, between the N
and S Foreland. See Godiuin Sands.

Doivnton, a borough in Wiltfliire,
which has now no market, leated on
the Avon, 6 m se Salifbury, and 83
wgw London.

Draaburgt a town of Germany, in
Carluthia, on the river Drave, la m e
Lavamund.

Drackenfelst a town of Germany, in
the late electorate of Cologne, with a
citadel, 7 m nnw Lintz.

Dracuti a town of Maflachufets, in
Middlefex county, on the n bank of the
Merrimac, at Patucket-falls, ?8 m sw
Exeter, and 30 nnw Bofton.

Dradate, a town of Nubia, with a
harbour on the Red fea, and wells of
good water in the vicinity. It is 36 m
»Nw Suakem.

ORE

l)ra,^omfJlra, a town of Eiiiopean
Turkey, ill' I.ivadia, on the k bank ut
the ancient Achclous 31 m nnw Le-

p.llltO.

Drnguii^nant a town of France, in th«
dep.ntnulil of Var, 10 m nw l-rt-jns.

Dminfii.i-ir, a town of br.md«;iiburg,
in the Now mark, (rated on the Dujjc,
2j tn K l)y N New St.irg..id.

Diiij ; fci' Daruh-

Dnvi'e, a liver that rifes In Germany,
at Imiiila'n in Tyrol, llowb through
Ciriiitlii.i and Stiria, tlien along the
coiitiiuM of .Sclavoiiia and Lower liun-
|s'ary, panin^i by LU'ek, and a little after
joiiH the Damihc.

D^aytan, a town in Sliropiliire, with
a market on Wedncfday, liMted on the
river Tern, 17 m ne Shrew (bury, and
151 N w London.

I)rc)itelbur\^, a town of Germany, in
Lower HelTe, j8 m nnw (Jaflcl.

DrefdiHt a city of Germany, and the
capital of Saxony. ♦*. .,i divided by the
Elbe into the old and new town, which
are united by a grand briMpe, and liir-
rountlcd by llrong foitifications. It has
a caltle, an ac.idOmy of painting and
fciilpture, and a magnificent church for
the Roman catholics. I'he hnules aie
built of frccflone, ainiod all ot the fame
height ; and though the palaces are
few, it is deemed the handfomeft cHy in
Germany- The palaces of I lolland and
Japan arc full of curiofilies from that
country rtud China ; and the piihuc gal-
lery may claim precedence over every
individual gallery in Italy. The city
and fuburbs are eltimated to contain
50,000 inhabitants, near 5000 of whom
are catholics, and there are about 8o«
Jews. Here are naanufaiflures of gold
and filver lace, jewelry, porcelain, pa
per- hangings, and wind-inftruments of
mufic- Drcldcn wan taken by the king
of Pruflia in 1745, but was foon re-
llored ; again taken by him in 1756,
but retaken in 1759; and it was bom-
barded by him in 1760, for nine days,
whcfn he was obliged to raife the fiege.
In 1813, it was occupied ')y the French
eai;ly in May ; in Auguft, ihe allies made
nn unfuccefsful attempt to take it by
Itorm ; in September, the French army,
with Bonaparte and the kir.g of Saxony,
retired to Leipzic ; in October, after
the battle of Leipzic, ii was reoccupied
by a remnant of the French army,
which, in November, furrendcrcd to the
allies. Drelden is 80 m nnw Prague.
Lon. 13 50 E,lat. 51 6 N.

DreuXt a town of France, in the de-
partment of Eure and Loir, with n. con-
liderabU manufadure of cloth for the
P3

I

» ,

il

I) RO

army It ia fcatcd on ilif* river Bliiff.
at the foot of a mountain, 4ti nt w by t
Hari*. Lon. i ai k, Int. 4H 44 n.

Drir/n, i town of HraniKiiliurj;, in
th.' N< vv mark, on tlif river W.irta, jo
in 1: l.:\fu\(bcii.

liriJJtfU, a town In E YorkOiirc,
with l\ inaikct on Tiuirlilay, and .1 con-
rulcr.iltlf trade in corn, by a canal lothe
river Hull. It Ih aU in k by n York,
and 196 N London.

I>iinnnuan/,A town of EiiropfMnTur-
k('y« in Scrvia, on a fmall illand formed
by the Drino, on the confuicH nf Uofnia.

Ihifio, a river of Europi-an Turkoy,
which hau its foiiro- on the E frontiers
of Albania, where it foon fornns th« lake
Ochrida, and flowu thence by libla to
Ah'fTio, below which it divides into (cve-
ral branches and inters tho bay of Drino,
in the ^ulf of Vcnict?.

Drij/ii,a town of KiifTIa, in the go-
vernnieiit of Polotfk, at the conflux of
the Drifla with the Dwina, 44 tn Nw
Polotlk.

Dri/lra \ fee Siliftria.

l^roghedut a feaport and borough of
Ireland, a county of itfelf, and capital
of the county of Louth ; but the affizcs
are held at Dundalk. It is furrourided
by a wall with four ^ates, and divided
by the river Boync into two parifhcs,
each of which has a church ; that on
the s fide of the river being in the
county of Mrath. It fends one mem-
ber to parliament. Near this place was
the celebrated battle of the Boyne, in
which William iii gained a complete
viAory over the army of James ii.
Drogheda has a good harbour, and car>
ries on an extenfive commerce, parti-
cularly in corn and ftron^ fheeting. It
is feated 5 m w of the Irifh fea, and a6
N Dublin. Lon. 6 iV vv, lat. 53 43 n.

Droitavic/i, a borough in Worccfter-
fliire, with a market on Friday. Here
are famous fait fprings from which is
made much fine white fait. It is feated
on the Salwarp, 7 m nne Worcefter,
and 116 WNW London.

Drome, a department of France, in-
cluding part of the late province of Dau-
pbiny. It is fo called from a vivcr which
crofles it, and joins the Rhone btlow
Valence, the capital of the department.

Drtmore, a town of Ireland, in tha
county of Down, and the fee of a bi-
(liop. The cathedral is fmall, but the
palace is handfome and convenient. It
is feated on the Laggan, 16 m ssw Bel-
faft, and ao mne Newry.

Dr»nero, a town of Piedmont. ».t the
f«ut of the Alps, on the riTcr Macra» 14
«i tisw Saluaz9.

/>/ «;<y1r///, .1 town in Dfrbyfliire, which
had a market on TliurUiay, but from its
vicinity to Chrtlerfic Id find Sheffirld is
now dif'iifipd. Two in from it arc the
mini of Bcanchu'f abbey. It is 6 m N
Chcnerfield,and i;6 nnw London.

Drontfifim, '^ 'ty of Norway, capital
of a (j;<)Vornmcni th*; f'lnir namr, and
a biflidp'H fi'e, u > .1 good harbour. It
was the rclidrnce 01 the ancient kings of
Norw.-iy. Of its celebrated cathedral
tliv choir alone remainH entire. The
inhabitnntii, citimatcd at S.^oOf have
fomc commerce in wood, filh, tallow,
ami copper. It is almofl furrounded by
the lia .iiul tlie river Piddel ; and is ijo
m NK DiTgeii Lon. lo ai r, lat. 63 24 n.

Drrjjiutlorf, a town of Auflria, with
an ancient caflle, feated on the Teya,
10 in N Horn.

Dro/I'cn, a town of Urandenburg, ia
the New mark, 14 m UR Cullrin.

Drufettheim, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Rhine, Icated on
the Mottcr, near the Rkine, 5 m sk
Ilaguenau.

Dru/es, n people of Syria, on tlic
mountains of Libunus and Antilibanus.
and to the k ae far an Balbcc. Their lan-
guage is the Arabic ; and they appear
to have little religion of any kind, but
pray indifferently in ChrilUan churches
or Turkifh mofques. They are warlike,
inured to labour, and great enemies ot
the Turks, and have their particular
princes, called Emiri. Bairout is their
capital.

Dub/in, a county of Ireland, in the
province of l.einfter, 37 m long and
1 7 broad ; bounded on the b by tht-
Irifli sea, n by E Meath, w by the fame
and Kildare, and 8 by Wicklow. It h
divided into 1C7 parifhes, has one city
and four market-towns, fends five mem.
bcrs to parliament, and contains abob:
iob,ooo inhabitants. The country is in
general flat, except toward the s, where
it io hilly and rocky. The principal
river is the Liffey.

Dublin, the metropolis of Ireland, in
a county of the fame name, and an arcli-
bifhop's fee, with a unlvcrlity. Its form
is that of a fquare, 2 m and a half ou
each fide, and contains about 22,000
houfes, whofe inhabitants are eflimated
at 1 50,000. The flreets have been lately
improved in regard both to convenience
and embcllifhmetit ; and there are fevc-
ral magnificent fquares, the largeft of
which is St. '^iephrn-green, nearly a mile
in circuit, it has a cathedral and a col*
legiate church, 18 parifh churches, eight
chapels, 16 Roman catholic chapeli,
numerous mccting-boufcs for diflenters

of varf(
fliuicli*
thf prii
c.iftle(ti
nationfll
of jurtic
tomhoiii
hnm fnr
r.icki, t
Eflirx-bri
the fix 1
hofpitals
tions arc
theatres,
end of t
7 m In (
berni.in ft
of the vie
fccret.iry,
hattcry of
ammunitii
cuion. J\
'ocky hill,
civil ifovcr
hy a lord r
34 ^ilderm
formed of
cnrporatioi
l'»*rs to par
one. Befj(j
t"n mrtnuf;
burbs,othei
ture are eflj
the metrop
coiifiderab!(
fnoded by
prevent vei
goin^ over 1
4 m in leng
extremity, ;
<ory oppofit
Three in be
fd the Pi^^c
dock; and I
land their pa
the city almc
has fpacioug
fides. Twc
''7 ; the for
0^0 m tot
3 branch is
toward the
northern on
great river ii
3ndbyalater
navigation,
of a fpacloui
fea, 60 w I
300 WNW Lc
Si 21 N.

^.^ubiiH, a

Philadelphia
"eiphia.

^uck Creek

lire, which
lilt from itt
iht'ffirlil U
) it are the
It in 6 m N
,ouilon.
vay, capital
• nam*', an'l
iuirbour. It
icnt kitignol
d cathedral
ntirc The
8^00* have
mil, tallow,
rrounded hy
1 ; and ii ayo
.,lat.63a4'''
Auftiia. with
)n the Tcya,

lulcnburg, i«
:u(lriii.
l-raiicc. in tl't
inr, Icatcd nn
Uinc, 5 »» ''^

Syria, on tin*
id Antilibanus.
3CC. Their Ian-
id thc^ appear
■ any kind, but
ilUan churches
u'Y arc warlike,
rcat enomiea ot
:hcir particulai
Bairout is then-

Ireland, in the
17 m long and
I the B by tin-
,wby the fame
Vicklow- It 13
8, has one city
fends five mem-
contains abou:
he country is in
■ard the a, wher^-
The principal

Dn c

of varloui denominitioni, four foreign
(hutchfi, and a fynngoKit*'. Arnun){
tli«* princip.il public buildin){« nre the
Ciiftk (thf- r«fliltnc«' of the viceroy), the
niitional biiik, 'i'rii)ity colleRC, thr hall
of Jufticc. the royal txclungf, the ciil-
tomhouU-,tl)e royal hofpital oi Kitmain-
hnm for invalids, th<* linen hall, the bar-
r.icki, th«» tolKi'tl or townhouJc, and
liU'cx-hriil^ic and Sarah-bridg'-. two of
the (ix briilxi-n ovrr the LilUy. The
holpitala and other charitable inditu-
tiona arc numerous ( and ii hat two
theatres. The Plicnix park, at thr w
end of th« city, !» a royjl cnclofure.
7 m in circuit ( and, brfnle the Hi-
bernian fchool, is adorned with the villa
of the vic«Toy, the Aat of the principal
Iccrttary, and a ffw others; alio a (iilutf
battery of n pieces of cannon, and thr
ammunition magazine, a ftronit fortifi-
cuion. An oblcrvatory in prciikcd on a
rocky hill, about 4 m Nwof the city. The
civil government of Dublin is rxecutrd
by a lord mayor, rccordi r, two (hcritTH,
24 aldermen, and a common council,
formed of rcprdtntativcs from the 25
corporations. The city fend two mem-
hfrsto parliament, and Trinity coilcgR
one. Bilidc the filk, woollen, and cot-
ton mrmufatftures carri<'d on in the fu-
burbfl, other branchct) of nfeful manufac-
ture arc eftablilhlng iti different partu of
tlie metropolis; .md its foreign trade h
conliderable. The harbour is incom-
moded by two banks of fand, which
prevent veflTiU of lanje burden from
goin^ over the bar ; it has a mole nearly
4 m tn length, with a lighthoufe at the
txlremity, and .mother on the promon-
tory oppofite, called the hill of Ilowth.
Three m below the city, .it a place call-
ed the Pigeon-houfc, is a commodious
dock; and here the packets receive and
land their paflcngers. The Liffey divides
the city almoft into two equal parts, and
has t'pacious and noble quays on both
fides. Two canals pafs from the Lif-
fey ; the fouthern one extends upward
of 40 m to the Barrov/ navigation, and
a branch is carried in a w direction
toward the Shannon, at Clonfert ; the
northern one communicates with that
gre.it river in the county of Longford,
and by a lateral cut uniteswith theBoyne
navigation. Dublin is ii;ated at the end
of a fpacious bay, 7 m from the Irilh
fca, 60 w Holyhead, in Wales, and
300 wNW London, Lon. 6 15 w, lat.
53 21 N.

Dub/in, a town of Pennfylvania, in
Philadelphia county, 10 m ne Phila-
delphia.
Duci Creek ; Tee Satijbury.

DHL

DuHtrJfiittt, a tow- .,f Lower Saxony,
in the territory of KichleUI. I( Ii.h 4
tnule in beer and tobacco, and ii« lentcd
on the Whipper, i)J m ►- Oottinpcn.

liudUy, n town in a di tnchcd part of
^Vorccl^er^ure, futroundul by StaH'onl-
fliirc, with a market on S.iturd.iy. It
has conliderable maiuifudtures ot naiU
aiul hardware ) and in the vicinity aii*
cxtenlive coal-mines. Thcie ii 4 church
at each end of the longed flreet ; and
the venerable remnants of its callle art-
worthy of notice. The number ol in-
habitants was 10,107 '*> iHot. mid
I), (^25 in iKii. It is to m w by n
Biimingham, and 136 NW London.

DuercH \ (»•«• Duren.

Duero ; fee Douro-

J)iier/lf(U, or ITiii Dnfr/Jei/i', a for-
tified town of Holland, in Utrecht, feat,
cd on the Leek, where it branches oft
frum the Rhine, la in aE Utrecht.

Duinn \ lire l)<ivi>ui.

Duke o/Tork IjUinJ, an illand in the
Pacific ocean, dilcovered by commodore •
Byron In 1763, lying n of the Friendly
iflands. Lon. 171 ^q w, lat. 7 56 s.

Duke oJ'Yurk Ijland^ an illanil in ih«*
Pacific ocean, lymg between New Bri-
tain and New Ireland, fo named by
captain Carteret, in 1767. The natives
go entirely naked ; are (lout, well made,
and of a light copper colour : their hair
is woolly, but they drefs it with greal'e
and powder, and make it h.-ing ftraight.
Their huts are made chiefly of bamboo,
and placed under the (liade of cocoa-
nut trees, with a fence before them,
within which the plantain, banana, yam,
fugar-cane, &c. are cultivated. The
ifland produces, betide the plants above-
mentioned, betle-nuts, mangos, bread-
fruit, and guavas. Here are alfo dogs,
hogs, poultry, and fome fpices. The
nutmeg was feen by captain Hunter,
who anchored in Port Hunter bay, in
this ifland, in 1791. Lon. 151 20 b,
lat. 479-

Dulas, a village of Wales, in the ifle
of Anglefcy, i» m nw Beatmiaris. It
Ibnds on the river Dulas, which flows
into a bay to which it gives name, on
the Irifh fea ; and is much frequented
on account of the corn and butter trade,
and for fern-afhes and kelp.

Dulcignoy a town of European Tur-
key, in Albania, with a good harbour,
on the gulf of Venice, 16 m ssw Scu-
tari.

Duleekt a borough of Ireland, in
Meath, formerly the fee of a bifhop,
but now a mean place, 9 m nn w Drog-
heda.

Dulmen, a town of Weftphalia, in

ij

r^ h

1;

■>' '^lI'Mrl

- r '

(' !

5i

I'd

i

Dr.M

the principality ol l^luiiftrri 14 m iw
Mtiiin«r.

Uulftrton, .1 town in Sonirri.tihirr,
with 4 nurki I on S.iiiikUv. iml manu*
faAuitfa of ciMr|(* W(K)ltrn cl'*ihi arul
blAiikrti. In the vicinity nrc miii«'» of
• xi-rlli'iit Ic4il It ii lr.itr<l on thr
It.irlc. near iti cotinux with tli» V.x, to
III N MiiU'head. and 16^ w hy » I<uiivloii.

Duiwifft, a vill.ige in Huiiy. 5 m a
T<(HMlon. It ii f^mou* (or .1 rollctfi
fotinilrct hy Kilw.ixt AMiyn, « coini*
ilian, r.ilUil thr (nllr)(«of (incl 1 Oitl.

Duptnrhiq, % town <tf the iflaiitl of
liornMs on (lie v. coaH. Lou. 117 jo
k, lat 1 10 N.

hHmlntrintitA boroiiffh of SfOtlintI,
(.1pit.1l ol Dunihjirtunihitr, fr.itttl on
th«' LtVMi, iif.ir it* fotiiliix witli thr
(lytic- Till' princiii.Tl ni.iiitil.KMiirc ih
Ulafii hux in. my Ii;iiiil8 ar*' employed in
thr piinl AcUit )'ii tiki- li.iiik« ot'tlic I<c<
vcn I'he niiinlicr iiC iiih.ibitantk w,it)
1.^41 i'> iHui. lid <i2i in igii. The*
(mAIc, which it^.irriloni'd, lland^ at the
junction of the two nvfru, on a vaU
rock, with two topt of 1u1cqu.1l height,
fl«.'< p on cviiy fjd'' If i» 1 s in wnw
GUt'gow, and 58 w Edinlniig. Lou. 4
3H w, lal sS 59 "■

Hum/arton/tire. ancinuly cillcd Lrn-
finxt .1 f<uinly ofSi-otlard, boiiiulcil •in
the N by rcrthlhirr, nk and •■ by Siir-
iinglhirci s by the conntii-n of Luiirric
and H.nfrcw, and w by Argylefliirc-
The jTtiitift Icnplh is .so m, the breadth
not above 12. It is divided into 11 pa-
rilhcs, which cont.iint'il 10,710 inhabit-
ants in lAoi, aiid 241189 iri 1811. '1 Ite
w part of this county abounds with
giiMt inoi.idi'!! ; hilt near the rivers it is
ftriili; ill torn, bee f.omon/i, l.«cli.

Dumhlane, a town of Scotland, in
Pertiithiic, formerly the lee of a bilhop.
Part of tlie cathedral ii< w ftrves for a
parifh church. Near this place, un a
heath called Shrrift-muii, a bloody but
uiidecilive b.it.tlf was fought, between
the duke of Aijiyie and the rebel tail of
Mar, in 17 15. it ikftatcd on the Allan,
6 m .N Stirling, and 2I !>w Perth.

Dumbon^ a town of Ncgiolaiid, in
Bornou, a little lothe w of a lake of the
fame name, which produces abundance
of lalt. It is 170 m NNW Bornou. l.on.

21 ,'^0 K, lit. 22 2 N.

Dum/thj, ii town of Virg'ni.i, chief
of^PririCL* Wiliiaiji county. It is Jitiiate
on the N fidr of Quaiitico crc^k, 4 tn
above its entrance into the Potomac,
and io sw Aicxaiuhia. Lon. 77 30 w,
^at. ,:^8 30 N.

J.htmfrifs, a borough of Scotland,
capital of Diimfrieslhire, icatcd on thi;

rivr Niih, II m from its month in SoN
w.iy Iriih It it a legular wcll-bnill
town I but h4i no connd<'r.iL>ii' ir.ide,
iMM m.iiiut.tt'lurr, Ihouifh almon every
branch of commercial mul mechanical
indiiftry 1« pr.u'lifrd. The iiunib«r nf
iiihalniai>l» w.u 7 >Hfl in iHoi, .md ij:6&
in iHi i. The .iiniiUnifnu ot liie lowiii
and it* hi.tlihy ritiiilioii.allurr iiiany of
the gentry tioiii the iitMahbouriiiK couu*
i>k. It i« \u m ^^ Nvv ('.iiiille. .tiid 71s
by w Ediiibiiig Lon. .) J19 w, Lit 55

9 "•

nHHtfriftjhir*, a county of .^cotlind,
boiindttl on the n by the (hire* of (.a-
netk am! ."icble*, i- by ihofe of Selhirlr
and Uoxburg, H by .'^olway fiith,antl vv
by the ( iiundei if Knt.udbright and
Ayr It iit ;so in hin>( .nnl }6 broad, and
divided into 4a parillietf. Th<- luiin-
ber ot I'lli :iliitaiit« W.1I 54*547 in itiji,
MMil 6i.(/)( in lUii. It c>)iitain<i a l.irKe
nioraU, i-..llc<l l.nchtr .M.if* ; .ind tiie
princip.il iivcrii arc the Fik, Annan, and
Nith. .\ great part of Mic county it
mount liiKiiis .md heathy, but the val-
leys iiie extremely fertile. It hat* abund-
ance ot t'lfi (tone and liinelloiic,and rich
mint! of lead and coal.

Dun, .1 town of France, in the d«j>art-
inont of Meiik-, on tlie river Mvuk, 1^
in NNw Verdun.

Dun I. Hoi, a town of France, In the
department of Cher, on the river Auron,
15 ms Hourges.

Duiia ; ((Lf Divina

l)un4tburf(, a town of HnfTin, in thr

fovtinnien". if I'olotlk, with a Ibrtrefs.
t w.ii t.ikcn by the French in iHi j. It
ib fe.ited on the Dwina, 90 m .nw I'o-
lolfk, and 1 10 :u. Kig.i.

Diwumonfif a town of Ruflla. in the
govcriiineni of Riga. It formerly he-
longed to the duchf of Courland, but
\\:\h taken by the Swedes in iheir wars
with the i'oleR. In 1700 it wan taken
by the TulcH, and iit.iktn the next yc.ir,
by l'!h.irlt8 xii. In 1710 it was t.ii<eii
by I'elrr the great. It h fituale at the
month of the Dwina, ij m wnw Ri^M,
and 2* N Mittaii,

Dunbart a borough of Scotland, in
Ilidingtoiithire, li.aitd on a b.iy of the
C/crnian ocean- It has a finall liaibour.
of dilficult accefs, defended by j bat-
tery; alfo A dry dock and a rupewoik.
The principal trade is the 1 xiiorl.ition
of corn. Here was anciently a caftK-,
now in ruin«, which flood on a iccf ol
rocks, and was deemed impregnable
In the lock are two natural arches,
through which the tide flows } and be-
tween the harbour and the caftle is '*■_
Aiatuin of Tall bafaltic columns. Du;.-

l>ar ii ti

tor a vii
ih«(kTol
ndiiihiii
Ihmk
*>R Co.ilt
rivrr (it
cicnt ca(
I ir'd, an<
to m iw

l)Ullt4i

frrland,
Watirloi
It is 4 n
Kofi.

Iffland,
alii /e II fo
and it It
It haamai
and it.ind
t ) in N C

54 '» N
Dundee

the largrf
an excelle
in the mid
m.ignificei
♦he lath c
arn neat,
hut ihe n
elegant,
was a6,o8,
Hero arc
linen, can
ram, and Ic
It is feat<'<
II w F„rf.ii
DunJoHi
Ayrlhire, :
tenfive cot
ii the reii
Dundonali
Dundrui
county of
llrontf ca(
r.imc namt
Dunfern
»nd the
* good tr
'iurat*lure
di-ipers.
palace, in
and the
George i.
m.'ignificcn
of which n
In this abb
his, queen
narchs. D
habitants
It 8 15 m
Perth. U

c,intb«'(l»part-
livcr Mvufe, 15

I) (IN

twir It i«marti.ibl« fur the ilcfrnt of John
U4I10I by carl Warriiinr, in ttt)6\ ami
tor a vk'liirx ((.lincii by Cromwell over
ilirlk'uti, ill ifi^o. li ii aV m I by n
niliiibtir^- l.on. ) iR w.lat <6 • w.

l)unh*mlh%A town uf S<:utl4iiii|i)n tbc
^n ciMit t)i L'«ithnp(i, at (he mouth ul 4
rivt-r tit the l.imr name. It b.i« 4t) an-
cirnt calllc litiiitc «>n a narrow neck ot'
l.iruit and ii an excellent ItthinK lUliun,
10 m aw Wick, and ,^5 «i Dornoch.

l)uu(itnH'}H, a foitrrfa and villdxr uf
Ireland, in thf> county oi Wcilord, on
Watirlord litrtiourt which it <':f»'ndi.
It ii 4 m w Feathardiand 15 » New
Kol*.

Ihtni/iili, a ie.ipoit and borough ot'
lifl.ind, in the county of Lowtli. 'i'ho
<Ui/.c« for the county are held here |
4iid it lend* a m*Mnb^r to parliament-
It haamanut'a^hirei of linen and inuilin,
and It.md* on a buy of the I'^nic name,
«) m N Drogheda. Lon. 6 to w, Ut.
54 la M.

DunJet, a borough of Scot hind, 'iiid
the l;ir)(e(i town in Forfarlhirc, with
an excellent harbour. Tbo lofty tower
in the middle of the town, ii part uf a
m.ignificent conrccratcd edilicr, built in
^he lath century. Molt of the lireeta
arr neat, and the huuiek w( II built ;
but Ihe new llreeta are fpacioui :ind
elegant. The numbf-r uf inhal)itanta
was a6,oH4in 1801, and ao,6i6 m t8i t.
Here arc manufadures of glafN, coarfc
linen, canvna, coidage, thread, buck*
r.im,and leather ; and alio a (ugar-houle.
It i« foatcd on the frith of Tay, 13 rn
liw Forf.ir. Lon. 3 j vv, lat. 56 a8 n.

liundonaldy a viliago of Scotland, in
Ayrihire, a m d Irvine. It hai an ex-
tenlive cotton mnnufaiitnre, and near it
\\ the remains of the royal caftle of
Dundonaid.

Dundrum, a village of Ireland, in the
county of Down, with the ruin of a
llrnni; caftle ; fe.iicd on a bay of the
f.imc name, 7 m sw Downpatrick.

Dun/ernilin, a borough of Scotland,
and tiic largelt town in Fifclhire, with
a good trade, and a conliderable ma-
iiiit'adure of linen };i)od8, particularly
diapers. Here i" the ruin of a royal
palace, in which Charlcn t wat born,
and the princei'i* Elifubeth, wife to
George i. Adjoining to this wai a
miiicnificent abl)ey, part of the remains
of which now iLrve for a paiiih church.
In this abbey were buried Malcolm and
his, queen and feven other Scotiih mo-
nurchs. Dunfermliu contained 9980 in-
habitants in 1801. and 11,649 '" 'Su-
it a 15 m NW Edinburg, and 22 s by w
iPerth. Lon. 3 ao w, lat. 56 { n.

DV N

l)u^tiitH0i, a borough of Ireland,
capital of Tyrone i but the .tlli/.ei arc
htilj at Onugh It findi 4 mrmiier to
ptrlijtnrtii. ilere 14 a freeichoul found*
rd by Charka 1. and in the vivtnity art
Icnral coal niinei. It i« feated on 4 hill,
14 m NfNw Armagh. Lon 0 5) w, lat.
i* .\o tt.

Uumtaryn, a Teaport and borough of
Ireland, in the cuuniy of Watrrlurd,
with a caltlc. The town i« fnpplied
with frclh water by an .iiiucduCi from
the river IMiinllk. It iendt a member
to parliament, and iilVatedun Duiiijar*
von bay, a; m iw VVatcrfurd. Lon.
7 5'' w,|it. 51 5H w.

Dunx*Hf/u a cape on the ■ coaft uf
Kent, on which ii a fort and a light*
houli', 8 m It by w Now Uomnry. Lun.

O .VJ », Ut. 50 M N.

Dun)(jbtii ntiiJ, a promcnitory of
Scotland, in the county of Cailhneli,
which ia the n e exticmity of Grrat Bri<
tain. Here ia the lite of John o' Groat'a
Houfi , famoua for its local litu.ition at
the northern corner of the kingdom (
and on the higheft part of the head,
near the edge of Hk* precipice, is the
foundatiun uf a building luppufed tu
have been a watch-tower. Lon. a j j w,
lat. 58 40 N.

DunhtlJ, a *own of Scotland, in
Pcrlhlhire, lituate amid vail rucks, part-
ly naked and partly wooded, through
which flows the river Tay. Its romantic
lituation, and the benetit of drinking
goats whey, render this place the retort
oC much genteel company in fummer.
It is the market-town of thi Highlands
on that iide, and carries on a manufac-
turf of linen and yarn. The duke of
Athol has a fine iirat here, Ikreencd b/
the Grampian mountains ; and near it is
the ruin of a cstthedral, part of wiiich is
now the parilh church. Dunkcld is it
m NW Perth.

Dunkirk, a feaport of France, in (he
department of Nord- It was taken
from the Spaniards by the EnglilU and
French in 1658, and put into the hands
of the Engliih, but fold to the French
by Charles 11, in 1662. Lewis xiv
made it one of the bed foriiticd porta
in the kingdom; but all the works were
demolilhed, and the bafins filled up, in
confequence of the treaty of Utrecht,
in 17 13. The French afterward re-
fumed their works ; but they were or-
dered to l)e demolifhcd by the peace of
1763. They continued thus till the
peace of 17II3, when the works were
again relumed; and the next year it
was dealar«d a fret port. The £ngUfli

Dr N

attempted to bcfi'g.tl»i8 placf in 179.3,
but w re cbligcd to rtnirc. Dunkirk i>
dirided into tht; old and new town;
and the inhabit.'inis, eftimated at 80,000,
had a gi'Mt deti) of commerce. By
means ol ;i flnicc, 4a Tcet wult*, the ba-
fin within the town will hold 40 fliips
of the liiu; aiwa/s floating. It is ai
m sw Olltiid. L.)n. a ?.a 1., lat. 5 1 » n.

DunUer, a borouRh of Ireland, in the
county 01 X.owtli, 8 m nnw Drogheda.

Dunmannivny, a town of Ireland, in
the county of Coik, with a dourifhiiig
lincti maniifadur*', fituatc on the IJan-
don, 32 m wsw Cork.

Dunmort, A town <>i Ireland, in the
county of Galway, 8 m nne Tuam,
and 25 w Roleommon.

Dtmmow, a corporate town in Eficx,
with a market on Saturday, and a ma-
nufacture of bays, featcd on a hill, 13 m
XNW Ciielmsford, and 38 ne London.

Dunmow, Little, h. village 2 m from
Dunmov'. It bad once a monaftery,
and part of the priory now forms the
parish church. This place id famous
tor the tenure of its manor; namely,
that whatever married couple will goto
the priory, and Iwear tliey have not re-
pented of their marriage, within a year
and a day after it took place, mail
yeceive a flitch of bacon.

Dunnet Head, an extenfive promon-
tory of Scotland, on the n coaft of
Caithnefs. Its n extremity, in the Pent-
land frith, is the moft northern point of
Great, Britain. Lon. 3 9 w, lat. 58 43 n.

Dunnofe, a cape in the Englilh chan-
nel, on the SE fide of the ifle of Wight.
L'»n. I 16 ^v, lat. 50 34 N.

Dunfe, a town of Scotland, the largeft
in Berwickfhire, with a woollen manu-
facture and a large brewery. The num-
ber of inhabitants was 3157 in 1801,
and 308a in 181 1 Near it is a cele-
brated mineral well, fimilar to that of
Tunbridge in England. It is fituate at
the foot of a hill, near the river White-
adder, 14 m w Berwick, and 40 ese
Edinburg. Lon. a 18 w, lat ^s 47 n.

Diinfiahle, a town in Bedfordfliire,
with a market on Wednefday. It is of
yreat antiquity, having been ruined by
the Danes, and reilorcd by Henry i,
*who made it a borough, but no mem-
bers were ever fent to parliament. The
church is the remainder of a priory, and
oppofiie to it i^ a farm houfe, once a
iroyal palace. Dunftable has four ftrects,
in the direiftion of the four cardinal
points ; and is famous for hats, bafkets,
Ire. .iiade of ftraw. It is feated on a
chalky hill, 17 ms Bedford, and 33 nw
London.

DUR

Dunjlajfnage^ a caftle of Scotland, in
ArgyleOuie, one of the firft feats of the
Piitifh and Scotifh monarchs. Here
was long preferved the famous ftone,
uii-d as the coronation feat of the Scot-
ifli monarchs, which was removed to
Scone by Keneih ir, and thence by
Edward i, in 1296, to Welbninfter ab-
bey, where it now is an appendage to
the coronation chair. Some of the an-
cient regalia ftill continue in the caftle;
and near it is a fmall rooflefs chapel, of
elegant .T'f'hitnOturc, where feveral of
the kings 01 ocot.land arc faid to be in-
terred. It ftands on a promontory, al-
moft infulated, at the entrance of Loch
Etive, 24 m nw Invcrary.

Dunjier, a town in Somcrfelfliire,
with a market on Friday. It hai a
caftle on a ftyep knoll ; and at one cor-
ner of the terrace is an ancient turret,
fuppofcd to be part of the original caf-
tle, built in the time of William i. A
priory ftood on the nw fide of the caftle,
part of which now ferves for the parfli-
church. It ftands on the edge of a
vale, near the Briftol channel, %o m Nw
Taunton, and t6i w London.

Dunivich, a borough in Suffolk, which
has now no market, nor place .'f public
worlhip. It was formerly a 'jilhop'j
fee, and had many churches, which
have been fwal' wed up by the fea.
The remains of t ..o churcheg and a pa-
lace arc the only marks left of its for-
mer grcatnefs. It is feated at the top
of a loofe cliff, 44 m s Yarmouth, and
100 N London.

Duquella, a province of Morocco,
ab»ut 80 m long and 60 broad, exceed-
ingly fertile in corn and pafture.

Durance, a river of France, which is
formed of the rivulets Dure and Ance,
near Briangon, and flows by Embrun,
Tallard, Sifteron, Monofque, CaivaiU
lon, and Avignon, into the Rhone.

Dttrango, a town of Spain, in Bifcay,
17 m !E Bilboa.

Durango, a city of New Spain, ca-
pital of New Bifcay, and an archbifliop's
fee. The inhabitants are eftimated at
14,000. It ftands in the sw part of the
province, in a fertile diftriit, 170 m nw
'^*cate»;as. I-on. 103 36 w, lat. z\ 25 n.

Durazzo, a feaport of European Tur-
key, the chief town in the n part of
Albania, and a Greek arcnbifhop'! fee.
It has a ruined fortrefs,and a good har-
bour on the gulf of Venice, 96 m sse
R.igufa. Lon. 19 a8 e, lat 41 40 n.

Durbtmga, a town of Hindooflan, in
Bahar, near the river Gogary, 50 m ne
Patna.

Durbuy, a town of the Netherlands)

..M^iA;

Scotland, in

[ feats of the
rchs. Here
imou8 ftone,
; of the Scot-
removed to
d thence by
cllminlter nb-
appeiidage to
me of the an-
io the caftle;
lei's chapel, of
pre feveral of
laid to be in-
omontory, aU
rance of Loch

Somerfeiflare,
ay. It has t
iiid at one cor-
ancient turret,
le original caf-
William i- A
Ju of the caftle,
i for the parfli-
the edge of a
innel, ao m nw
indon.

n Suffolk, which
place .f public
lerly u 'jilhop'j
huiches, which
up by the fea.
tirchea and a pa-
i left of its for-
ated at the top
Yarmouth, and

of Morocco,
broad, exceed-
pafture.

ranee, which is
Dure and Ance,

)ws by Embrun,

nofque, Caivail-

the Rhone.

Spain, in Blfcay,

New Spain, ca-
an archbilliop's
are eftimated at
le sw part of the
ftrift, 170 mNW
6 w.lat. 24 25^'
)f European Tur-
in the N part of
archbifhop'i fee.
, and a good har-
'^enice, 96 m ssE
, lat 41 40 N.
f Hindooftan, in
iogary, 50 m ne

DUR

in Luxemburg, fcatcd on the Ourthe,
30 m 8 by w LieRe.

Durertt a fortified town of France, in
the d'"partment of Rocr, lately of Ger-
many, in the duchy of Julicrs ; featcd
on the river Rocr, n m s Juliers.

Durham, aconntyof England, bound-
ed on the N by Northuml)cri;r d, e by
the German oce:iii, s and sw by York-
liiirc, and w by VV'eftmorland and Cum-
berland. It is ufually called the Bifliup-
ricof Dnrli im, from the lovrrei^npowtr
formerly poireffed by the bifliops, who
yet enjoy great privilfjjcs. ' It is 47 tn
long ami 37 hioad, containing 665,600
acres; is divided into fix wards, and 74
parilhes ; has one city and nine market-
towns ; and ftiuis four niembers to p.ir-
liam<nr. Two of the above fix divilion',
called Norh;unfliiic and Jflandlhire, arc
a detached part, filiuitc n i)f Northum-
berland, .md includes Holy Idand. The
town of Berwick and its diftricl, on the
N fide of the Tweed, is alfo in the jurif-
didlion of this count y. The number of
inhabitants was 160,591 in 1801, and
177,625 in tSii, exclulive of Berwick.
The foil is very various; the w fide being
mountainous and barren, while the e
and s confift of beautiful meadows,
woods, and corn-fields. Here are rich
mines of coal, lead, and iron, and
quarries of marble, flati^ millftone,
fireftone, grindftone, limeftone, and
freeftone. The principal rivers are the
Wear, Tees, Tyne, and Derwent.

I^i'rham, a city and the capita i of the
cf^unty of Durham, and a bilhop's lee,
with a market on Saturday. It iscom-
pa(5tly built on a hill, on a bend of
the Wear, over which are three ftone
bridjjes, and furroun Jed by the remains
of its wall. The cathedral, which is a
magnificent edificf, and the caftle, now
the biftiop's palace, ftand on the higheft
part of the hill: in tlic former are de-
pofited the remains of St. Cuthbert and
the venerable Bede. The city is go-
verned by a mayor, and contains Wk
parifh churches. Jt has a rnanufatilure
of ftufFs and carpets, and around it are
grown large quantities of the beft mul-
tard. The number of inhabitants was
7530 in 1801, and 6763 in 181 1- In a
deep vale near the river are the ruins of
Finchal! abbey; and on the w of the
city is Nevil Crofs, ereded in memory
of the vidtory obtained hy queen
Philippa, in 1346, over David Bruce,
king of Scotland, who was taken pri-
foner. Durham is 14 m s Newcaftle,
and 259 N by w London. Lon. r 15

W, lat.

54 44 N.

the Nctherlandij ■ Durham, a town of New Hamplhirc,

DUX

in Strafford county. Near it is a rock,
computed to weigh 60 tons, fo cxadly
polled on another rock as to be moved
with a finger. It ftandson Oyfter river,
near jts jun(flion with the Pifcataqua>
16 m w Portlrnouth.

Duri/ieim, a town of France, in the
department of Mont Tonnerre, lately
of Germany, in the palatinate of the
Rhine; feated on the rive. Hardt, 17
m sw Worms.

Durkhfimt or Turkheim, a town of
France, in the department of Upper
Rhine, when; the French gained a vic-
tory over the Auftrians in 1675. It is
4 m NW Colmar.

Durlarht a town of Suabia, capital of
Lower Baden, with a caftle. Here are
mai.ufadlures of porcelain, cloth, and
ftuflfs. It is feated on the GiefTen, 15"
m NNE Baden. Lon. Si 35 e, lat,
48 <8 N.

Durnefs, a town of Scotland, on the
N coaft of Suthcrlandftiire, at the head
of a bay and influx of a river of the fame
name. To the n of the bay is a rich
peninl'ula, which terminates on the N
ilia point called Farout Head. Durnefs
is 42 m NNw Dornoch.

Durrow, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Kilkenny, but infulated, with
its diftritft, in Queen county. Here is
a magnificent Icat called Caftle Dur-
row. It is 14 m s by w Maryborough,
and 16 NNw Kikenny.

Durjlei/, a corporate town in Gloii-
cefterlhire, with a market on Thurlday,
and a confiderablt traffic in broad cloth,
and cards for clothiers. Here are the
remains of a caftle. It is feated near
the Severn, 13 m sw Glouccftei, and
107 w London.

Durtal, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mayenne and Loire. The
chief trade is tanning. It is 16 m ne
An>;ers.

Dujlcy Eai/, a bay on the sw coaft of
New Zealand, in the Pacific ocean.
The country I.ere is fteep, and the hills
near the feafide are covered with intri-
cate and impenetrable forefts. Abund-
ance of excellent refrelhmeuts are found
here ; and it contains feveral coves and
harbours. Lon. 166 18 k, lat. 45 47 s.

DuJ'eldorf, a ftrong city of Weft-
phalia, capital of the duchy of Berg.
Contiguous to the palace is a celebrated
gallery of paintings. Dufleldorf was
taken by the French in 1795- It ftands
on the river DuflTel, near the Rhine,
25 m s Wcfel. Lon 6 40 e, lat. 51 12 n.

Duxbofugh, a town of M ilTachnfets,
in Plymouth county, with a harbour
for fmall vcflels^ and a lighthoufe at the

I

J[i:V

T

H ■! ''^

1

W-

i

I'Sil

ru

I fe

EAR

« fy'remity of the bencli. It is fituatc
s by ••: Plymoutli, 3 m acrofs Ply-
irioiith bay.

Duyjhurg, a fortified town of VVeft-
phalia, in the <!uchy of Ci»-vr, witn a
Calvinift univtrfity. It has a cciifKltT-
ablc traile with Holland, and is leattd
on the Roer, near the Rhine, iz m s
by 9. Wck'l.

DiiytxyA town of Wcftphalia, in the
duchy of B< rg, with a Bent di(5tine ab-
bey. It is inhabited chiefly by Jews,
and featcd on the Rhine, oppolile Co-
logne.

Duyvelnnd^ one of the iflands of
Zealind, in Holland, E of Schoweii,
frum which it is feparated by a narrow
channel.

Divlna, a river of RufHa, which runs
from rf to N into the White fca, at
Archangel.

Dwiiid, or Dana, a river of Lithuania,
wliich divides Lo'otiia from Courland,
and runs into tiic Baltic, btlow Riga,
at Dunamond.

J)y/f, a n;w ilepartment of France,
including the Ibuthern psrt of Rral)ant.
It has its nami ttoin a rivtr which rifes
on its s border, flows n through the
miilcVIe of the country, .lud joins the
Scheldt a little above Rupehnonde.
The capital is BrufTels.

Dynapour, a town and fort of Hin-
dooltan, in Bah;u, nrar which is a dia-
mond mine. It is fcated on the Ganges,
10 m w Patna.

T)yfart, a borough of Scotland, in
Fifilnire, with a good harbour. It h is
a confidcrable trade in coal and fait, a
manufadturc of chocks, and fome em-
ploy in (hip -building. It is feated on
the frith of Forth, 14 m n by e
Edinburg.

E.

EagkJIjamt a village of Scotland, in
RenfrewJhire, 9 m sw Glafijow. It
has bleaching grounds, and a conlider-
able cotton manufacture.

Eaooive, one of the Friendly in;tnds,
in the Pacific oci an, difcovcred by TaC-
man, in 1645, and by him named Mid-
dleburg. The land gently rifes to a con-
fiderable height, prefenting a prolpe(ft
of extenfive meadows, adorned with
tufts of trees, and intermixed with plan-
tations. Lon- 17430 w, lat. 21 24 s.

Earljlon, a town of Scotland, in Ber-
wickfliire, feated on the e fide of the
Leader, at the foot of ?• hill. On the
oppofite bank of the river iTands Cow-

E A S
denknowc, an old building, now fome-
what modcrni/cd ; and on the adjacent
knolls may be (een the remains of iti
hroom lo renowned in Scotifh ditty.
Earlftoii is the birtlipbce of fir Thomas
Learmont, commonly called Thomai
the Rhymtr, the earlieft poet of Scot-
land. It is 39 in fiE r.dinburg.

Knrn ; fee Erne-

Eofiaht a fmall ifland of Scotland,
near the coaft of Argyleftiirc, to the se
of Mull, celebrated for its (late quarri<j.

Eajinf^old, a town in N Yorkfhire,
with a market on Friday, and a great
trade in bacon and butter. It is 15
m VNW York, and ao8 n by w London.

/•'«/? tV7/>c, the moft eaftern extremity
of Afia, on the w fide of Beering ftrait,
nearly oppofite Prince of Wales cape,
on the continent of America. Lon.
169 30 w, lat. 66 o N.

Eajl Looe. Sec Looe, Eajl ; and fo
with otiicr places that have the fame
name of pofition.

Eajlbounty a town in SufTcx, noted
for plenty of the birds called wheatears,
and as a place of rcfort for lira-bathing.
Near it is a chalybeate fpring, and on
the beach a ftroiig circular fort. In
1707 a teflelated pavement and a Roman
bath were dilcovcred here. It is feated
near th'> Engliih channel, 15 m ese
Lewes, and 61 sse London.

Eafier Ijlnnd, an ille in the Pacific
ocean, 40 m in circuit. It has a hilly
and ftony furface, is naturally barren,
and atFordi. neither iafe anchorage
frcdi watir, nor wood for fuel. Rati
are the only quadrupeds, and there arr
but few birds. The natives are induf-
triou?, and plant paper mulberries and
bananas, with regwlar fields of potatoes
and yams. This ifland was l(?en by
Davis in 1686; it was-vifited byRogge-
wiii in 1722, and by Cook in 1774.
Lon. 1C9 47 w, lat. 27 6 s.

Eafthanit a town of MaflachufctS, in
Barnftable county, fituatc near the fca,
18 m NE Barnftable.

Eajlhampton, a town of New York,
in Suffolk county, on the se coaft of
Long Ifland. It is a half Ihire-town ;
and contains Clinton academy. It is
12 m ENE Southampton.

Eajion, a town of Pennfylvania, ca-
pital of Northampton county. It ftands
at the conflux of the Leigh, with the
Delaware, 50 m n Philadelphia. Lon.
75 9 w, lat. 40 41 N.

Eafton, a town of Maryland, capital
of Talbot county. It is feated near the
forks of the Treadhaven, 34 m knvt
Vienna, and 30 s Cheller.

Eaftony a town of Maflachufets, in

Briflol coti

iron and ft

Raynhim 1

and 26 s Ji

EajlonHej

molf cafteri

and (he N p

Eauje, a

partme;;f <.\

Ebeltoft,

land, with ;

theCategat,

J^ienezer,

Georgia, c,i

It is fituatc c

rich in con

WNW Savan

32 28 N.

Ebenfurth
river Leyta,
Eberbac/i,
circle of Low
abbey; ffatc
by N Heidelh
Eberherg, ;
in the depir
lately of Ger
the Rhine ; f
Alfcn with the
I'^bermanjlc
in the princij
VV'ifent, 13 m
Ebern, a tc
principality o
nach, 12 m N
Eberflein, i
bia, 8 m SE I
Eberville, i
department o
BenediAineal
« m N E Riom
J^bher, a to
a river of tl
Cafbin.

Eh'ingen, a

diichy of W

cheefe, 7 m s

Ehro, a riv

t!ie mountain:

fines of Old (

lahorra, Tudt

toiii into the iN

Ebjhny a to

Liinf-burg, ce

m s Luneburg

Ecclesfechan

DurntMt'sihire,

montiily marl

Annan, and i

With a market
«f Lichfield
''ere. It is fe

•"NvvStafTorc

, now fomc-
the adjacent
mains of iti
cotifti ditty,
if fir Thomas
led Tlioma»
)oet of Scot-
)urg.

of Scotland,
ire, to tlie se
Hate qviarri'i.
N Yorklhire,
, nnd a great
tcr. It ia 13
by w London,
iprn extremity
Bceriiig ftrait,
f Wall-scape,
nerica. Lon.

liajl ; and fo
uve the fame

SufTcx, noted
lied wheatears,
for lea-bathing,
fpring, and en
cular fort. In
lit and a Roman
re. It 18 featcd
lel, 15 m ESE
don.

ill the Pacific
. It has a hilly
aturally barren,
afe anchorage
for fuel. Rat*
s, and there arc
itives are indiii-
mulberries and
elds of potatoes
id was leen by
ifitedbyRogge-
Cook in 1774-
7 6 s.

Maflachnfets, m
ate near the lea,

. of New York,
the SE coaft of
half Ihire-town ;
academy. It i»

n.

•ennfyWania, ca-
:ounty. Itftands
Leigh, with the
iladelphia. Lon.

Maryland, capital
is feated near the
ven, a4 m hnvt

Iter. , .

Maflachufets, m

E c: c

Brlflol county, with manufaifliire.i of
iron Mid ftecl ; fi.;ttfci near lii ■ h<M(l of
Raynhim riv.- 10 in nnw Tauntoo,
and .16 s Jofton.

Kajhnnefsy a cape of England, the
molf e.iftcrly one on the coaft of Suffolk,
and I he N poinr -. ' South wold bay.

EauJ'e, a town 01" Francf, in the de-
paitme::^ ^^f Gcrs, 17 m sw Condom.
Ebeltoft, a town of Di-'nmark, in Jut-
land, with a good harbour, on a bay of
the Categat. 16 m n& Aarhus.

Eienezer, a town of the ftate of
Georgia, capital of EfTuigham county.
Itisfituate on tht; Savanna, in a country
rich in corn, fruit, .uid cattle, 25 m
>jNW Savanna. Lon. 81 18 w, lat.
ji 28 N.

El/t-nfurt/i, a town of Auftria, on the
river Leyta, sa m s Vienna.

Eberbac/ifjn. town olCfrmany, in the
circle of Lower Rhine, with a Ciftctcian
abbey ; featcd on the Necker, ii m k
by N Hcidclburg.

Eberberg, a town and caftle of France,
in the department of Mont Tonnere,
lately of Germany, in the palatinate of
the Rhine ; feated at the conflux ^f the
Alfen with the Nahe, 8 m sw Creutznach.
Ebermanjladt, a town of Franconia,
in the principality of Bamberg, on the
VVifent, 13 m sse Bamberg.

Eberrt, a town of Franconia, in the
principality of Wurtzburg, on the Ban-
nach, 12 m NNw Bamberg.

Eberflein, a town and ca (tie ofSua-
bia, 8 m se Baden.

Eberville, a town of France, in the
department of Puy de Dome, with a
Benedidinc abbey, feated on the Scioule,
8 m NE Riom.

Ebher, a town of Perfia, in Irak, on
a river of the fame name, 40 m w
Cafbin.

Ebingen, a town of Suabia, in the
diichy of Wirtemberg, noted for its
chet'fe, 7ms Hohenzollern.

Ebro, a river of Spain, which rifes in
the mountains of Afturias on tlie con-
finej* of Old Caftilc, and flows by Ca-
lahorra, Tudella, Saragofla, and Tor-
tolii into the Mediterranean.

Ebjhft, a town of Lower Saxony, in
Lun«-l)urg, celebrated for its honey, 13
in s Liineburg.

Ecclesfechaiiy a town of Scotland, in
Dumtiii'slhire, noted for its great
moiitiily market for cattle, 6 m n
Annan, and 15 e by s Dumfrifs.

Ecclejhalli a town in Staffordfliire.
with a market on Friday. The biftiop
of Lichfield and Coventry has ,1 cattle
here. It is feated on the riv(T Sow, 7
;n Nvv Stafford and 148 London.

KCl

Ectlefia/i'tcal State, or Popedom , a
country of Italy ; bounded on the n by
Roniagna, ne by the gulf of Venice, se
by the kingdom of Naples, sw by the
Mediterranean, and w by Tulcany. It
is 120 m long, and from 8o to loo
broad, divided into the following pro-
vinces; Campagnadi Roma, Patrimony
of St. Peter, Sabino, Spoleto, Ancona,
Perugino, and Urbino. All thefe pro-
vinces are badly cultivated and thinly
inhabited ; trade and manufailures are
but little encouraged ; and were it not
for dates, figs, almonds, olives, and
other fruits, which grow fpoiitaneoufly,
the indolence of the inhabitants is lUch,
that they would be abfolutely ftarved.
The pope, according to the ancient
canon law, is the fupreme, univerCal,
and independant head of the church,
and invefted with foverclgnty over all
Chriltian fovereigns, communities, and
individuals. He has the title of Holy
Father and Holinefi ; and is eleiJted, at
every vacancy, from among the cardi-
nals, each of whom is ftyled His Emi-
nence. Befide the Ecclefiaftical State,
and previous to the late revolutions,
the pope was pofleflcd of the duchy
of Benevento, in the kingdom of Naples;
and the territories of Avignon and
Venaiflbn in France. He had alfo the
three legations of Romagna, Bolognefe,
and Ferrarefe annexed to his dominions
till 1797, when the French made them
a part of their Cilalpine republic. In
1798 this ftate was taken pofleflion of
by the French, who ercdled it into a
republic, ftyled the Roman Republic,
under the dircvftion of five confuls.
They obliged the pope, Pius vi, to re-
move into Tulcany, and afterward into
France, where he died at Valence, in
1799. A few months after a conclave
was permitted to be held at Venice, and
in 1800, cardinal Chiaramonti wa«
eleded to the papal chair, who took the
title of Pius VII, and refumed the
fovercignty of the Eccleiiaftical State.
This power \va.s held till 1809, when
the pope was deprived by Napoleon of
his temporal fovereignty, and reduced
to the condition of biihop of Rome ;
and his ftate was decreed to be a part
of the French empire. The pope was
kept Ibine time a ftate prifoner at Sa-
vona, and removed thence to the for-
trefs of Tortona. Rome is the capital.
Echternacht a town of the Nether-
lands, in Luxemburg, on the river Sour,
furroundcd by mountains, 18 m ne
Luxemburg.

Ecija^ a town of Spain, in Andalufia,
with manufa(Jture8 of leather and (hoes,

%A

%

'liii'

!«^'.^

■W ! i

i '!■ i

,• !■

r£'^ ■

} i

m

E I) E

and -x trade in wool and hemp, f ng-
mcnti of marble pillars, trunks of fla-
tucM, and ftnncs with iiilcriptions, attcft
its ancirnt fplcndor. It is fcated on the
Xcnil, 62m E\K Seville. Lon. 457 w,

lat. H7 33 ''•

Eckardjlerf^t a town and caftic of
Upper Saxony, in Thiiringia, 10 m
wsw Naumburg.

llckrenfcrde, a leaport of Denmark,
in S Jutland, on a bay of the Baltic.
Near the town is a Frefh-water lake,
which is connected with the bay. It is
14 m NW Kiel in Holflcin. Lon. 10 i
w, lat. 54 33 N-

F.elam, a town of N Holland, famous
for its red-rind chcefes ; feated Oii the
Ey, near the Zuidcr zee, 11 m nne
Amfterdam.

F.ddi/f.ine, the name of fomc rocks
in the Englifli channel, lying 14 m ssw
from the middle of Plymouth found.
On the principal rock (for the reft are
underwater) Mr. Winft.uilybuiltalight-
houfe in 1700, which was deftroyed by a
ftorm in 1 703, and the projeftor perifhed
in it. In \iz(), another, built :>f wood,
waaeredlcd by Mr. Riidyard, which was
coiiftunod by tire in 1755. Within four
years after, one was built by Mr. Smea-
ton, which alfo was burnt down in 1770;
and another, of (lone, was completed by
him in 1774, which has hitherto with-
Itood the fury of the elements. The
building, to the height of :3,^ feet from
the foundation, is a folid offtones, en-
grafted into each other; above this are
four rooms, one over the other, and at
the top a gallery and lantern. It is
nearly {lo feet high ; and its diftance
from the Ram Head, the nearcft point
of land, is \% m. Lon. 4 24 w, lat.
50 R N.

Edetii a river of Scotland, which
rifes in Perthfliire, on the confines of
Fifefhire, and flows through the latter
county, by Coupar, into the German
ocean, at the bay of St. Andrew.

Eden, a river that rifes in Weft-
morland, on the confines of Yorklhirc,
runs N, by Appleby, into Cumberland,
and there flows by Kirkofwald and Car-
lide into Solway frith.

Edenburg, or Sopron, a town of Hun-
gary, on the frontiers of Auftria, inha-
bited by Germans, whofe principal ma-
nufacture is cloth. Many oxen and pigs
are fent hence weekly into Germany.
It is 40 m s by E Vienna. Lon. 164* e,
lat. 47 38 N.

Edenderry, a town of Ireland, in King
county, and formerly a ftrong place;
filuate near the river Boyne, 9 m e by
N Philiptown.

EDI

EdentoHt 1 maritime diflridlof N Ca-
rolina, comprehending the counties of
Chowan, Pa((iuotank,Prrquimas,Gatci,
Hertford, HcitiejandTyfeJ. It abounds
with pine, oak, cyprefs, and junipt-r.

Edenton, a town of N Carolina, in
Chowan county, and capital of Edtn-
ton diftiidt. It ii fituaie on Albemarle
found at the mouth of the Chowan, 7.5
m NNE Ni:wbern, and no e by n K.i-
legh. Lon. 76 52 w, lat. 3^ 6 n.

EdeJJ'a, a town of European Turkey,
in Macedonia, once the refidcncc of th*!
Macedonian kings. It i.i feated ncnr
the Viftricza, 44 m wnw Salonica. Lon.
22 •? E, lat. 40 50 N.

Edgarton, a leaport of Maflachufcts,
chief town of Duke county. It is fituate
on the E fide of the ifland of Marthas
Vineyard, 20 m se Falmoutii, on the
continent. Lnn. 70 30 w, lat. 41 25 n.

Edghill, a village in Warwicklhiie,
14 m s Warwick, memor.Tble for the
firft battle fought between Charles i and
tht'parliament, in 1642.

Edg/iitt a town of Hindooftan, in
Golconda, feated near the Beemah, jult
above its conlUix with the Kiftnah, 95
m bw Hydrabad. Lon. 77 45 E, lat.
1645N.

Edgivnrc, a town in Middlefex, with
a market on Thurfday ; feated on the
Roman road, leading to St. Alban, 8m
NW London.

Edgworthtoivn, a town of Ireland,
in the county of Longford, 9 m e by s
Longford, and 6-» wnw Dublin.

Edinburgh the metropolis of SccMand,
in a county of the fame name, feated
on three hills that run from e to w, in
a diredlion almoft parallel, and about
7 m in circuit. On the middle ridfjc,
which is narrow and fteep, ftands the
Old Town ; the North Town is leatcd
on an elevated plain, gently floping on
every fide ; and the South Town ftands
alfo on a fimilar floping eminence. The
form of the Old Town refembles that
of a turtle; the caftle being the head;
the High-ftreet, the ridge of the back ;
the narrow lanes (here called clofes)
the fhelving fides ; and Holyrood-houfe,
the tail. On each fide of this hill was
once a lake. The s valley, drained of its
waters, is occupied by Cowgate-ftreet.
The N valley is alfo drained; but a mo-
rafs remains, called the North Lech
The ancient caftle is feated on a high,
craggy, and precipitous rock, with a
drawbridgeon the only fide that is accefli-
ble : hereislhown thcapartment in which
was born James vi of Scotland, after-
ward James i of England. In the High-
ftreet is the collegiate church of St.

Ilia of N Ci-
c coiinliea ot
juiinas.Gatc-.,
•fl. ItabouiuU
lid juniper.
i Carolina, In
jilal of Eckn-
on Albemarle
le Chowan, 71;
10 E by N R.i.
36 6 N.

jpcAW Tiulu-y,
«'fidcncc of th'!
h fi'ated near
Salouica. Lon,

f Maflacliufcts,
ty. It isfitu.ite
md of Marthas
moutli, on the
w, lat. 41 J5 N-
Warwicklhiie,
(lornble for thi-
:n Charles i and

Hindooftan, in
:he Becmah.jiift

the Kiftnah, 95
1. 77 45 ^t lat.

MiddU'ltx, with
■ ; I'eated on the
1) St. Alban, 8m

own of Ireland,
brd, 9 m E by s
V Dublin,
polls of SccMand,
ne name, feated
from E to w, in
rallel, and about
le middle ridne,
fteep, ftands the
\ Town 13 ibated
gently Doping on
mth Town ftands
[ eminence. The
rn refembles that
being the head ;
idge of the back ;
re called clofes)
Holyrood-houfe,
e of this hill was
ley, drained of its
y Cowgate-ftreet.
ained; but a mo-
the North Loch.
"eated on a high,
)us rock, with a
fide that isaccefli-
partment in which
f Scotland, after-
ind. IntheHigh-
tc church of St.

E T) I

Oiles, .1 fine Gothic ftrudurc, which
his four places of public vvorftiip under
its roof. Near this is the building in
which ihf Scotch parliament were uuial-
ly convened . it is now occupied by the
courts of juUice; and has a magnificent
lofty hall. The palace of Holyrood-
liouft forma a grand quadrangle, with
a court in the CfiUre furrounded by
piazzas : the nw towers were built by
James v, and the whole was completed
111 tlie reign of Charles n. A fpacious
^rall'ry here in hung with the pictures of
III inonarchs, from Fergus i to James
VI, the greatcft part of them imaginary.
In the NW tower is fliown the room
where c[\u'vn Mary fat at fuppe'-, when
Riz'/io was dragged from her fide and
murdered by Kuthven. Adjoining are
the magnificent ruins of an abbey,
founded by David i, and converted by
Cliailes ir into a royal chapel. The
communication between the n and s
parts of ihe city is by two noble
bridges, the North bridge and the South
bridge. The North Town has inany
new fquares and ftreets, adorned with
uniform and elegant houfes. The build-
ings of the South Town are likewife
cjigant and extenfive, and the new
college forms a very ftriking objefl".
The univerfity, founded by James vi
in 15H1, is celebrated throughout the
world ; and its medical fchool, in par-
ticular, is entitled to the firft rank.
The high fchool of Edinburg has alfo
been long famous fur the fcholars it has
produced. Of the other buildings a
lew only can be noticed : the royal ex-
change, the regifter- office, the phy-
Ikianshall, Heriot hofpital for the edu-
cation of 140 poor boys, Watfon hof-
pital for the fupport of the fons of de-
cayed merchants, the royal infirmary,
the public difpenfary, and fome other
public charities. The churches, both
prelbyterian and epifcopal, and other
places of worfliip, of various denomi-
nations, are numerous. The public
places of amufement are, the affembly
rooms, the concert hall, the hall for the
royal archers, the theatre royal, and the
equeltri;in circus. Edinburg has numer-
ous manufadlures} and particularly of
fine linen and cambric. The number of
inhabit:uit8, exclufi e of Leith, was
^67,288 in 1801, and 84,624 in i6it.
Si h IS fupplied with water conveyed in
iron-pipes, from Comifton, 4 m to the
w. It is governed by a lora provoft, a
ilean of guild, a guild council, and 25
common council. Here are x4 incorpo-
rated trades, each having a right to eledt
» deacoi, who becomes a member of

EGM

council. On the t fide of the city is
Salifbury cruig, a remarkable rock that
prefents a fteep front, in the form of an
amphitheatre, 550 feet high; being part
of the hill called Arthur's feat. Two m
to the s is the remain of CraigmilUr
caftle, the refidence of James v during
his minority, and of queen Mary after
her return from France in 1561. Edin-
burg 18 a m ssw Lcith (which in its
port) and 377 n by w London. Lon.
3 I a vv, lat. 55 58 N.

Kdmburgjl'tre, or Mid Lothian^ a
county of l?!cotland, 27 m long and
from 6 to 16 broad ; bound :d on the n
by the frith of Forth, e by the ihiresof
liadington, Berwick, and Roxburg, s
by thofe of Selkirk, Peebles, and La-
nerk, and w by Linlithgowftiire. It is
divided into 41 parifties, which contain-
ed 122,954 inhabitants in 1801, and
148,607 in 181 1. The foilia fertile, and
product.'s corn of all forts, with plenty
of gral's ; alio <- il, iron, limeftone, and
black marble. The principal rivers are
the Elk, Lcith, Amond, and Gala.

E/ferdiuj^, a town of Auftria, with a
caftle, feated near the Danube, 1 2 m w
Lintz.

Effingham^ a village in Surry, 12 m
NE Guildford. It was once a much
larger place ; for wells, and cavities like
cellars, have been frequently found in
the neighbouring fields and woods ; and
in the church are fome ancient ftalls and
monuments. j

Egehh a town and caftle of Germany,
in the duchy of Magdeburg, on the
river Bode, 16 m ssw Magdeburg.

Egenburgy a town of Auftria, noted
for good wine, 13 m sw Znaim.

Egina ; fee Engina.

E^ipten, a town of the duchy of
Courland, 100 m se Mittau. Lon 26
40 E, lat. 56 % N.

Eglingen, a town of Suabia, capital
of a Icrdfliip of the fame name, 6 m
N Dillengcn.

Eglifau, a town and caftle of Swifler-
land, in the canton of Zurich, feated
on the Rhine, 13 m n Zurich.

Egmorit op den H»ef, a village of N
Holland, 3 m w by s Alcmaer. It ap-
pears to have been a confiderabletown,
but was deftroyed, in 1573, by the en-
raged Spaniards, after their failuiebefore
Alcmaer. It now exhibits extenfive
and piifturefque ruins, perhaps the only
ruins in all Holland. Near it are two
other village 3; Egmont op Zee, a mile
to the w, on the fcacoaft ; and Egmont
Binnen, nearly 2 m to the s, where a
bloody and undecifive battle was
fought, in 1799, between the allied

I '"?■)

'.'■,ll7f 'WKl

'■^ €

P. G Y

Engliih ami Rufn.ni army and the f rencM
and Dutch.

Ej(ra^ or I'-f^tr, a fortified towji of
Hdhemia, in the circle ot S.iatz, with ;i
cidlle and a collij^e. It was taken by
the French in i74a> but they were forced
to evacuate it th« next year, through
famine. Here are manuf.idurcs of h-a-
thcr, hats, clothi, and Aiif^'n; nnd its
mineral wattrs are famous. It is leatcd
on the F.gra, 90 m w by n Pra^suc
Lon. ij J7 E, lat. 50 5 N.

Ej^rfntout^ a town iti Cumberland,
with a market on Saturday. On the w
fide is an urtiiicial mount, with the ruins
of a callle ; and -^ m to the kK, in the
wooded vale of the Calder, are the re-
mains of Calder abbey. Egremont is
featod near the Irilh lea, on the river
Eben, 5 m sse Whitehaven, and 189 nw
London.

l^ripo ; fee Negrtpont.
Kgypt, a country of Africa, 500 m
in length, ami 250 where broadeft ;
bounded on the n by the Mediterra-
nean, E by the Kcd fea and the ifthmus
of Suez, s by Nnbia, and w by the de-
icrts to the k; of Fczzan. The broadelt
part is from Alexandria to Damietta,
and thence it gradually growfi narrower,
till it approathcB Nubia. This coun-
try, lo famous in hiftory for its fertility,
iins not that extent of cultivation as in
ancient tim:>8 ; many lake!) and canals
being now filled up, and, with the lands
they watered, are become delisrts, the
lands of which annually accumulate.
Egypt is divided into the Upper, Mid-
dle, and Lower, which lall compre-
hends the Delta ; and though the air is
naturally hot, and not very wholefome,
it enjoys fo many other advantages,
that it has been always extremely popu-
lous. The ancient kings governed
Egypt, till C.^mbyles became mafter of
it, 525 years B. C. and in their time all
thofe wonderful ftruftures were raifod,
and works perfcifted, which we cannot
behold without aftonifhment. Thefe
^re the pyratnidsi, the labyrinth, the
immenfe grottos in Thcbaid ; the obe-
liflcs, temples, and pompous palaces ;
the lake Mceris, and the valt canals,
which fcrved both for trade, and to
render the land fruitful. After this
conqueiljCambyfcs demoliflied the tem-
ples, and perfecuted the priefts. Tliis
country continued under the Perfian
yoke, till the time of Alexander the
freat, who, having conquered Perfia,
built the city of Alexandria. He was
fucceeded by Ptolemy, the fon of Lagos,
324 years B. C Ten kings of that
name fucceeded each other, till Cleo-

T':(t Y

patra, the ftftcr .)f the laft Ptolemy,
afctndetl the thione; when Egypt be-
came a Roman province, and continued
16 till the rtign of Otnar, the fccond
califf of the fucct ir<>rs of Moh.imed,
who drove out the Komaiis aft'-r it had
been in their haniis 700 years. When
the- power of the caliHs declined, Sa-
ladin let up the empire of the Mam*
louku, which became fo powerful in
timf, that they extended thiir domi-
nions over a jreat part of Africa, Syria,
and Arabia. Lalt of all, Sc!iin,aTurk*
ilit einpert)r, conquered Egypt. The
prefent population of Egypt is com-
puted at 2,500,000, which is not one
half of the number it contained when
fubjcdl to the Romans. The inhabil-
.•mts are compofed (»f four different
races of people ; the 'I'urks, who arc
now mailers of the country ; the Arabs,
who were conquered by the Turks;
the CoptH, who are delcendcd from the
firft Euyutians, ihat beca.^^e Chrirtians ;
and the Mamlouks, who weu onginally
C'ircaflian or Mmgrelian ll.ives, and for
a long time the only military force in
the country. Egypt has been, for many
ytars, diitraded by the civil wavs be-
tween the difierent contending beys, by
which its 24 provinces were governed.
The famous Hafll-n All, the Turkiflj
admiral, gained leveral vititeries over
them in 17H6 ; but though he rcpreirni,
he could not totally fubdue them. The
French invaded this country in 1798,
under general Bonaparte, who defeated
the Mamlonks in leveral engagementii;
but after the depirture <jf lionaparte,
and a ftrong Britiih force arriving to
aid the country, the French were ex-
pelled in 1 80 1. The Turks have fince
kept an army here. lu iB 1 1, the Turk-
ifh general having received information
of a conlpiracy formed by the beys, he,
imder a folemn feat, induced 800 of the
chief Mamlouks to join in the procef-
fion to the citadel of Cairo ; wherethey
were entrapped between the outward
and inward wall, many of them (hot,
and the reft beheaded. The like num-
ber were afterward killed in the neigh-
bouring towns and villages, and their
maflacre purlued to diftant parts; thai
the raceof Mamlouks is now extirpated,
or wholly fubdued. Egypt carried on
a confiderable trade in E India com-
modities, till the Portuguefe difcovered
the way round the Cape of Good Hope.
However, the merchants of Europe vifit
the harbours in the Mediterranean, and I
import and export feveral forts of
raerchandife ; and from other parts
the natives procure elephants teeth,]

•ft riches
mu/k, ci
and drug
which th
'ec. fcni
moniac,
aloes, oj
wheat, fl;
cloth, S(_
Egyptla-i
arc genet
andthclui
in their pc
thing all ,
tobacco, a
M"t, proi
vain. Bui
P'^ople, an
From Mar
to an Eu
ahle; but
temperate,
at intervali
of May, at
fonous wii
deferts : fh
and aridity
pofed to it
lluence; at
generally la
TJie fands s
trate into tl
nets which
probably tl
fo very coi
feldom in li
fiipplied by
nual inund;
the water 0
ground is c(
corn is ham
lowing Mar<
harveA. Bi
low, and yi(
particularjy
fowing and
fintly, wJier
can be qbtj
Supplied wi
refervoirs.
world better
fift.fugar,fi
ftuft; and
lemons, figs,
Plaritains, ar<
fentils form
rood to thai
who rarely
and onions, 1
Pureft white,
o'et among ;
^gypt are .
"pes, beeves
"Tocodilcs, t

lit

lift Plolcmy,
i»;n Egypt be-
ind cuniiriUL'il
r, till' fccond
if Mohamed,
IIS aft»-r it hud
years. When
ilcclincd, Sa-
of thr Manw
J powerful in
d thiir domi-
f Atrica, Syria,
St li in, a Turk-
Ejiypt. The
p.gypt is com-
ich is not one
ontaintd when
The inhabi'.-
four tlift'creui
i'urks, who arc
(try ; the Arabs,
by iho Turks;
:ended fiom the
'». ■•e Chrirtians ;
o weu onginally
n Hives, and for
irilitary force in
isbecn, fovmany
,c civil wavs be-
itending beys, by
were governed.
Ui, the Turkilb
III vid\orit8 over
,uKb be rcprelfed.
bduetbem. The
:oiMitry in J 7 98*
lie, who defeated
ral eniTiigenu'Utii;
ire oi bonapartc,
force arriving to
Vrtiith were ex-
Turks have fincc
,» , 8 n, the Turk-
eived information
id by the beys, he,
fiduced 800 of the
oin in the procel-
tairo; where they
,ecn the outward
iny of them (hot,
The like num-
iUed in the neigh-
[iUages, and their
Viftant parts; thai
I is now extirpated,
EeVPt carried on
I in E India com-
liuguefe difcovered
Ipe of Good Hope.
Ints of Europe viht
Mediterranean, and
J feveral forts 0
Ifrom other parU
■ elephants teeth,

EGY

•ftrichci fc-athers, ebony, gold-dud,
tnufli:, civet, ambergris, ccTee, gums,
and drugs. The principal cummtKlitirn
which the merchants purchalc. are cof-
fee, fenna, caflia, rhubarb, fal am-
moniac, myrrh, lallVon, f.iltpctre,
aloes, opium, indigo, fugar, rice,
wheat, flax, fundalwood, dates, cotton,
cloth, SiC. The complexion of the
Egyptia'a is of a dufky brown. They
are generally indolent and cowardly ;
andthc lower clafs aredif'i^udingly filthy
in their perlons : the richir fori do no-
thing all day but drink coffee, fmoke
tobacco, and fleep ; ard they are igno-
rant, proud, hanglity, and ridiculouUy
vain. Uut the Copts are an ingenioui
people, and have };reat (kill in bnlinel's.
From March to November, the heat,
to an European, is almolt infupport-
able; but the other months arc more
temperate. The s winds, which occur
at intervals from February till the end
of May, are by the natives called poi-
fonous winds, or the hot winds of the
deferts : they are of fuch extreme heat
and aridity, that no animated body ex-
pofed to it can withftand its fatal in-
tluence ; and for the three days that it
generally lads, the ft; sets are dcferted.
The fands arefofubi..- that they pene-
trate into the clofets, chcfts, and cabi-
nets, which, with the hot winds, are
probably the caufe of fore eyes being
10 very common here. It rains very
feldom in Kgypt; but that want is fully
fiipplied by nightly dews and the an-
nual inundation of the Nile. When
the water of the river retires, all the
ground is covered with mud ; then the
corn is harrowed into it, and in the fol-
lowing March there is ufually a plentiful
harveil. But fome lands are never fal-
low, and yield three harvefts annually ;
particularly in Lower Egypt, where
fowiog and reaping are going on incei-
&ntly, wherever the water of the river
can be obtained. The rice fields are
fupplied with water from canals and
refervoirs. There (is no place in the
world better furnilhed with corn, flelh,
fifh, fugar, fruit, and all forts of garden-
ftuff; and in Lower Egypt oranges,
lemons, figs, dates, almonds, caflia, and
plantains, are produced in great plenty.
Lentils form a confiderable article of

EIM

melion, the ceiaftes, or horned viper,
and a kind ot rat c.dled ichneumon)
e;ti(K'fl, hawks, pelic.ms, watcrfftwls of
all kindij, and the ilvs. which refcmbU't
a tluck, and was deiHed by thr ancient
Egyptians, on accnint of its dcdroying

ferpcnts; and noxious inC.cits. The
pyr.imids t>f E^ypt, foiinrrly account-
ed one of the fcven womUrs of the
world, are all built on rocky and landy
plains ; the Urgfft, which \% mar Oizf h, ,
i.*; 500 feel in perpendieul.ir hei^jht, the
length of the bafc it ;«o fi'i-t, anil it
lakes up eleven acres of nioiind. Mere
are alfo cavcruii, containing innmmieH,
or embalmed dead hodies, which atr
found in coflins let uprijjht in niches of
the walls, and have contiuiitd there ftt
Icaft 4oeo year?. The principil city is
Cairo.

Elunfrrn, a town of Siiabia, nfr
which the Aufttiins \ri're defeated by
the French in iBo';. It iii Itattd on tlie
Danube, 12 \\\ sw Ulni.

Ehingetiy a town of Suabia, leated on
the Neckar, oppolile Uottnberg, 6 ni
w by s Tubingen.

lihrenhrtitjidn, a fortrefs of Ger-
many, in the circle of Lower Rhine, on
the river Rhine, oppolitc Coblentz. It
Hands on the furnmit of a ftupendons
rock, not lefs than S .0 feet above the
level of the river, and is deemed to b"
impregnable. It has a comtnunication
with Coblentz, by a iiibtcrrancous paf-
fage, cut out of the iolid rock, and i«
plentifully fupplied with water I'r nn a
well 280 feet deep. In the vale of
Ehrenbreitftein is an old palace, which
belonged to the elector of Treves. This
fortrefs furrendcred, through famine, to
the French, in 1799, after a blockade of
above ao months.

Ehrtnfels, a fortrefs of BHv:\ria, in
the duchy of Neubuiy, which j^vci
name to a lordfliip. It is 13 in n \v I\u-
tifbon.

Eichfild, a territory of Lower Sax-
ony, furrouiided by Br'tnfwick, Thn-
ringia, and Hefle. It pioduc-es much
flax and tobacco. Ilciligenftadt is thi?
capital.

ii'i^^-, an ifland of Scotland, one of
the Hebrides, to the s of Sieve, 5 m

long and 1 broad. It is p:ut!y (lat, and
partly hilly and rocky, with fomc bafal-

food to the inhabitants of Upper Egypt, tic pillars. The low grounds are fertile.

who rarely enjoy thrf luxury of rice ; hil Loch ; fee Linnhe^ Loch.

and onions, remarkably mild and of the EUenburg, a town of Upper Saxony.

pureft white, continue to be a favourite in Mifnia, fituate on the Mulda, i x in

diet among all clafles. The animals of
Egypt are tigers, hyenas, antelopes,
apes, beeves, fine horfes, large afles,
orocodilcs, the hippopotamus, the c%-

NE Leipzic.

Eimeo, one of the Society idea, in the
Pacific ocean, lying i a m w of Ota-
heite. The produifls of the two iilands,

I'
hi

m m

I i,

.1 u^^'ll

1:

'I

'ft-: (

K T. B

and the manneri of the proplt?, ue
nuich the (hmc Kimro has ftccp ii!^».

f;<-d hillH, rutnitig in different dirr^tioni,
raving l.iigi* vallrys and gently liftng
ground al>oiit thrir fulffi. The hills,
though rocky, are generally covered
with trees aiiuort to the topH. On its
N fide IS the harbrar Taloo. Lon. 150
9 w, lat. 17 30 fl.

Einbeck^ a fortifipd town of Lower
Saxony, capita! of the principality of
Cirubenhagen. It has m.mufadturei of
clot!t and all kinds of (luffH; and in the
mountain near it are mincu of filver,
iron, copper, and lead. It i» litu;itc on
the lime, 17 m n Ciottingcn. Lun. 10
4 w, lat. ji 45 »'•

Kifenacltt a town of Upp 1 5'axotiy,
in Thuiingia, capital '" ;; priicipality
of the fame name, v '■ ' c biated
college. The duke re ' > s ii <. caltle
within the town; andthei. i.unot/- ' on
a mountain out of it, called Warti. <;,
vhich,in 1511, was for fomc time the
afylum of Luther. It is fcated on the
Ncfle, at its conflux with the Horlbl, 16
m iv Ootha. Lon. 10 21 e, lat. 51 o n.

Eifenartzt or EifenitZt a town of
Germany, in Stiria, famous for its iron
mines, 34 m nnw Gratz.

Eijl'itjladt, a town of Hungary, with
a magnificent palace, 5 m NwEdenburg.

EijUben^ a town of Upper Saxony,
capital of the county of Mansfcld, with
.1 decayed caftle. The celebrated Lu-
ther was born and died here. In the
churches of St. Andrew and St. Ann
are the fuperb burial-places of the an-
cient counts of Mansfcld. Eiflebcn
contains many breweriei. and derives
much profit from the neighbouring iron
mines. It is 28 m nnw Nauraburg.
Lon II 47 E, lat. 51 3a N.

Eifsfeld, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Thuringia, with a caftle. It has manu-
fadtures of indigo and vitriol, and ftands
on the Werra, near its fource, 7 m e
Hildburghaufen.

Ekanas, a town of Sweden, in Ny-
land, on a bay in the gulf of Finland,
50 m SE Abo.

I'lkf/io^ a town of Sweden, in Smo-
land, 28 m e»e Jonkoping.

Elbat an ifland in the Mediterranean,
near the coafl: of Tufcany, 15 m long
and 4 broad. It contains mines of ex-
cellent iron, and quarries of marble, in
the hilly parts ; die valleys and narrow
plains yield excellent grapes, oranges,
lemons, and other fruit ; but the Toil is
Tory ftiallovv, with few places level
enough for corn. It has two good har-
bours, Porto Longone and Porto. Fcr-
rajo. It was lately fubjctit to the prince

K L E

of Piombino, and now belongs to the
French.

ElkojfitHOt a town of European Tur.
key, in AltMni,-i,45 m hk Uura/zo.

Elbe, a river of Germany, which
rifeg in the (iiant nnniniainH hetwcei)
Bohemia and Silcliit ; IIowh by Koningf.
erst/, Leutmcrit/, Dreldon, UcfTau,
Aleiflen, Wittenberg, Mn^delmrjr,
llatrdiurg, and Glocktiadt, and enters
the German, o ean at Cuxhavcn. It is
n;!vigablc for ihips to Hamburg, which
is 70 m trt>m the lea ; a cciurie of na-
vif:,ntion longer than that of any odier
river in Europe.

Elhrrton, .1 town of the (lute of
Georgia, chief of Elbert roimty. It is
feated near the Tiig«'lo, 73 m nw Au-
gull.i. Lon. 82 ,15 w, lat. n 55 n.

Elhrtou, a town of the ftste of
Georgia, in Eflinj;him county, feateil
on die 0>,'i »'Ci'e»', 36 m w hbtnezcr.
Lon. 82 2 w, lat. .;: 31 n.

Elbiuf, a town jf I'rancc, in the de-
partment of Lower Seine, with a ma-
nufa».*ture of clotii ; feated on the Seine,
lo m s Rouen, and 65 nw V.xxU.

Elbhig, a ftrong town of W Pniflia,
in the palatinate of Maiienburg, with a
conliderablt trade in butter, cheefe, and
corn ; feated on a river of the fame
name, near its entrance into the Frifch
Hafl', ^o m Lsi: Dantzic Lon. 19 30 e,
lat. ^4 18 n.

Elbogen, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Saat/, with a citadel ; feated
on a mountain, by the river Egra, 16 m
N fc Egra.

Eiburj^, a town of Holland, in Gel-
derland, on the e coall of the Zuider
zee, 10 in NE Ilarderwick.

EL/u; a town of Spain, in Valencia,
fuppofed, from the magnificent remains
found in and near it, to be the ancient
Ilici. It is 10 m sw Alicant.

Elephant a, an ifland on the w coaft
of Hindooftan, 5 m from Bombay. It
contains one of the moil inexplicable
antiquities in the world. The figure of
an elephant, of the natural fize, cut
coarlely in ftom*, appears on the land-
ing-place, near the foot of a mountain.
An eufy flope then leads to a fubtcr-
ranean temple, hewn out of the folid
rock, 80 feet long and 40 broad, the
roots fupported by rows of pillars 10
feet high. At the further end are three
gigantic figures, which were mutilated
by the abfurd zeal of the Portuguefc,
when this ifland was in their pofleflion.
Elephanta wan ceded to the Englilh by
the Mahrattas.

EletiZj a town of RuiTia, in the go-
vernment of Orel, deftroycd liy fire in

»T4S «i

C"''i, ho

a lufiy m
fio m Kti

J'/i'Hf/l

i'-l-uth
to the N\
concincre
Chii-a. i

^lf>bu,
Oothl.nul
'ca, 4 ni .s

Upland, t
httic abov
It is 4H ,„

IHfulai,
rarlii, not
porpJijiy,
'•ns, and o

70 in NNW

Eli^iit, a

P'f.il of El

c.illed iVIot,

hi'hop. H,

'ngs ercc*te(l

dral was o:

ftrii^Jliires i

fuins are a

ti^ the NK, I

'.'"? palace 01

lidencc of tl

rooms are ft

to the 3W, A

'""■Re rem.iii

' 't,'iii ftands

P^'ft at Lofl

tolerable har

fxportetl.

ri
i(
c

ong«

to the

lopcan Tiir.
ura/zo-
i;iny, which
i»n» hctwc* u
by Kouingf-

, ami enters
luvtn. It is
ibvnp. which
:(Hirl'c of nn-
, of any oihcr

the tVite of
county. It is
^^ m NW Au-

the ftstc of
comity, li-atcd
1 w Lbttiewr.

1,'cc, in the lie-
nc, with a ma-
id on the Heine,
w ?ari^.
, of W Pniflia,
iiiilmrg, with a
ttcv, chccfe, and
ci- of the fame
into the Frifcli
Lon. 19 30 ">

L

,()hcmia, m the

citadel; featcd

river Eura, 16 m

iloUand, «n Gel-
h. of the Z-uider

);iin, in Valencia,
fcnificent remains
[o be the ancient
llicant.
I on the w coaa
,m Bombay. It
^oll inexphcahle
I. The figure ot
latural fize, cut
ears on the land-
rit of a mountain.
td3 to a fubtcr-
Tout of the folid
[id 40 broad, the
lows of pilla" "^
Iher end arc three
[h were mutilated
V the Portuguefe,
[n their poffeffion.
Ito the Englilh by

,luffia, in the go-
[ftroyed Vrf fir« >«»

KLI

774*, and (Ince ivhiiilt. lien* arc a
liuml cr 01 t'o>)(CH, and .1 trade in cattlci
Co'fi, hoii^Vi .ind leather. It Ibindnoii
a ltit",y aiid ii<»';) hill, by therivcrEUt/,
Bo in Ksf. ()r»'.

I.li-iith.'ra \ 111- ^''thaflut'
I'U,-uths, .1 kinjfdo n "'' T.irt<ry. lyinjj
to the Nw of Cfi.ni'fr FirMry. Ii w.i!i
conc|iicrc«l, in 1751), by the ciupernr of
Chii'a. Set Knhnucs-

I'Ufthurx, a town of Sweden, in VV
Guthi.iiid, with a Orong ciitle near the
lea, 4 in :.w (iDthfburg.

l'UfiC(i>lchi/, a town of Sweden, in
Upland, on the riv.T Dalil, which a
little above forms a b'-awtilul catara^it.
It is 4« rn N by w UplM.

El/sdal, a town ol Sweden, in Dale-
curlia, noted for curionn iju^irries of
porphyry, of which tablt'8, vaf.'S, mor-
tars, and otln-r articles arc made. Il is
70 m NNw Tahlun.

J'/jfiii, a borough of Scotland, c.t-
pit.d of Elf,'iii!hite. It wai fonnerly
called Moray, and tht-n was tin- Ice of a
hidiop. Here arc many large old build-
ings eretffed ov^.r pia/zas. The cathe-
dral was one of the moft magnilicent
ftrn^itwrcs in Scotland ; of which its
ruins are u fufficient proof. Two in
to tliR NE, on the a bank of a lake, U
the palace of Spynie, formerly the rc-
tidenct of the bilhop, of which Ibme
rooms are (till pretty entire ; and 6 m
to the 3W, on the river LofTie, are the
large remains of Plulcarden priory.
I Igiii (lands on the Loflie, 5 m from its
part at Loilicmouth, where there is a
tolerable harbour, whence much corn is
exported. The number of inhabitants
was 4345 in I Ho I. and 4602 in 1811. It
is 38 m K N E Invtrnefs, and 163 n
Edinburg. Lon. ^ 20 w, lat. 57 36 n.

Klg'mjhire, or Morayjhiret a county of
Scotland, 40 m long and 30 broad ;
bounded on the N by the Moray frith,
R by Ban(rHhiic, s by the (hires of Aber-
deen and Invernefs, and w' by the latter
uk! Nairndiire. It is divided into 18
parilhes, which contained z6,705inhabit-
wisin 1801, and s8,ioU in 181 1. The
s part is mountainous, and occupied by
forefts ; but the greateft part is rich,
.md produces wheat, barley, oats, and
flix. The chief rivers are the Spey,
Findhorn, and Lo(}ie.

Elinge, a village in IIamp(hire, at
tlie htad of Southampton bay, 5 m w
Southampton. Hereare docks for build-
ing and repairing fliips, and (lorehoufes
for merchandife and corn, in which laft
it carries on a confiderable trade.

iUtfabeth Ijlandsy fmall iflands near
thecoaft of Maffachufcts, bearing nw

ELL

of Marthas Vim-yard, and helonging fo
Dnkc county. Tin y are about i() in
number j the chief of u-hich arc Nalh-
awn. Pafcjui, N.ill awi-nna. i'infquc(e,
ami Ch ifaliunk. Nalhawn. tlie lar|^i'fl,
Inpports .1 confidcnible nundier of cat-
tle anil (hc'cp, uiid is I'lmous lorrxccl-
ItDt clnt-le and wool It is 1 m from
thf coniiiivnt, and the n point 6 tn wsw
I'.ilm Mith. 1,011. 70 38 w, Lit. 41 34 N.
I'.lijabtthtoiun, a town of New Jirl'ey,
in riiiirx eonnty, with a haiidlbinc prel^
liytirian ciiiiich, an tpil'eopal church*
and an teadi-my ; (itiiate on a cr«ek ot
Newark bay, lo n» "isw Ntvvaik, and
40 NK Trenton.

Elifahftlttowii, a town t<f N Carolina,
chi<.f of lialdi II county. It A.inds on
the NW brtnch of Cape Fear river, 36
m :i by w I'ayettcville, and 48 nw Wil-
mington

tUijhbttlito'Wtt. or llii^riir/hivn, A town
of Maryland, ciiii'f of Waffiington coun-
ty. It has .tconfKkrable trade with c
wefttrn country, and the iR'ighb<i *•-
hood pt'uluces the fineft Oiooiiuk" to-
bacco. It is lituatc in a valley, 7.. in
wNw Baltimore, and 80 nnw vVafli-
ington.

lUkridfre, a town of Maryland, in
Ann Arundel county, famous 'or the
bright tobacco callcd.Kites-foot Vakd
on the Patapfco, 19 m nw Annapolis.

Elkton, a town of Maryland, chief of
Cecil county, with a confiderable trade,
particularly in whtat. It is fuuate at
the conflux of the head branches of the
Elk, 13 m from its mouth inChcfapeak
bay, and 47 sw Philadelphia. Lon. 75
55 \y, lat. 39 40 N.

ElUholm, a town of Sweden, in Blek-
ingen, featcd on the Baltic, 10 m w
Carlifcroon.

{•Jllefmere, a town in Shrop(hire, with
a market on Tuefday, and a confider-
able trade in malt. It has a canal from
Shrewlbury, which pades hence, by
Wrexham and Chefter, to the eftuary of
the Merley. The town is feated on a
large mere, 16 m nnw Shrewfbury, and
178 NW London.

Ellic/ipour, a town of Hindooltan, in
Berar, capital of a circar of the fame
name, fubjed to t!ie ni/am of the Dec-
can. It was formerly the capital of
Berar, and is 144 m me Aurungabad.
Lon. 78 5 E, lat. ai la n.

E/lon, a town of Scotland, in Aber-
decnlhire, feated on the n fide of the
Ythan, which is navigable here for large
boats, and has a valuable falir.un fi(h«r/.
It is 18 m N Aberdeen.

EUore, a town of Ilindooftan, capital
of one of the circars, on the bay af
Q

t,' \-

i

i'ii

! i«

■ : H

|H

\ %

(wQ

'( ,,

f ''^BIN

..t f

^JH^Bfl

t '^-A

rflS

i 'I

vnf^K

kJ

IS

Rii

lijp

ELS

IkniHl. It U ,)a m N M.rnlipitam.
* 'in. 8 1 15 K| lat. 16 4) n.

i'.lriii, u town <»l' Riitrii, In ll\«? j^o-
Vfritfiurit <>t Arcliaitnil, on ;i nvvr of
the I'litu- ti.imi') iiritr irn cm iIhk wiili
t))r I'ctL-hoM, tiotn k Mi/«,it. Lou. 53
.(^ K. lit. 65 20 H.

/•.V«;i, /'>/•/ .SV. a iiirlrrf'» of Vr.Uice,
in llu- di-paitincnt ul Ivillcni Pvniitcit-
It w.iutiiktn hy thv Spaui.ii\l« in i79,{.
but ri'triki-ti the next >< ir. It ft<iud»on
I he liver Tit, 5 in x Colioiin*.

l'UnLo\(fit, 4 town of U«iliii)ii,i, r.tpit.il
of a tfiritoiy in th« ciio't- •)f S.nt/,
with .1 caft'i- on -i r«)ck, liy the rivi-r
I^isrj, ,)R m wnw b.i;ii/.. Loii. 1 1 jo >'i
lat. ,>;'J 10 N.

lUtitt^ t(i*vn of I'laiM'f, in the lU*-
|».irtmtnt < f li ilUrii I'jrriu'CH, fomn r!y
the f' f of a l)illi()i>. It lulf'uiii };r.;itly
in liu' civil wau duiiti;; ihc rri^'ii of
Liui:i XI, anil is U ni •< by i-- Pcrpign.m.

I'.lora, a town of lliiuluodaii, in
Dowl.iuliad, cc!tbr.ttal lur its [j ijjoii i«,
cut txit of tilt.' iMtiir.il locU. It i;i I )
in N Aiiiiinj;aliaki.

/•'//'/'v';/. ,1 town oflrtliiiil, in the
foun'y of KolcoTmiiou, aiul the He of a
lulliop. 'i he cithrdi.il ii ftrill, ,uul,
Icrvcs ;i') tlu; pariih cliuich. li >:« 17 tii
»f Kol'comnum.

E.'riih, a town of Upper Six»)'iy, in
Thill ingia, c.ipital ol ilio t-diiaty <,f
ll"htn(ti;in. It Itnids 011 t'c river
Zorgf, 1: m NNw Nordhiufcu. Lon.
JO 4^ y ^ lat. 3 I sii ^'

iUjinLiir^', 1"< c IL! 'n'^Lmy,.

r.tjmores a town ot' L)ciiin;irk, fcaM'd
on the Sound, in tht* ille of Zvahnid.
Ii i» the moll coitinicrci.d placi.' in Den-
mark, next to Copenhagen, btiti),' the
refidence of a coiilidti.ililc nnn.bcr of
foreign nit-rchants, and tlie cniiluis of
tile piiiieipal nations trading to the
Baltic. A little 10 the 1 is the fortrcfu
«)f Cro'ihorg, wliich guards the Sound.
Kvtry vellel, as it piilVcs, pays a toll ;it
' KKinore, in return for which the crown
takes the charge of conftrutfling light-
lioufes, and eretSling lij^iuls 10 innrk the
tliouls and rcx:k8, troi.i tli*' Categat 10
the entrance irito tlie B.iliic. Thice
in from the town ia a coniideraKlr ina-
rufaituie of arms, which fuppl'ts the
vhole Daiii)h army. Elfiiunr has no
harbour, but a good nnd fdli; ro.id, and
ia 22 m V Copenhagen. Lon. 13 j5 f,
lat. .?6 o N. See ^ronborf^.

ElJJ'teth, a town of Wcftpbalia, at
the conflux of the Hunt with the Wefer,
13 m i;ne Oldenburg.

Eljier-werda, a town and caftie of
Upper Saxony, in Mifnia, on the rivi
,Elfttr, 24 m N by w Drefden.

F M T)

Elilhtm, A town in Kcnt| witi) « mar*
k'-t on Mond.iy. Ilrre are the rtm«ioi
of A pil4i'«', in which I'.tlward 11 oUrn
r(rK!ed,.ind hi* fon, Johi of Elthaai,
w.i« horn , it i* now in part convnttd
into I f.irm-hoiife, and tli« (latrly hall
fkiiiiiH the birn. It 1.1 H in •* I.nndun.

i-.7i/./i,a Ur.-rij: frontier rii y of For.
tn^al, in Alrnti !•>• and a biihop'a fcr»
w'lh M i-a(ll«'. Here i« a cincrn that
will hold w.itiT ••nous.h for the town for
(ix inontlii. The water i« bum^lit hy
a Moorilh aqneduif), 4 in in hn^jth,
which in limie placis is fiippurted hy
fi'vernl l*orie* ot uiche^. On th: fide
of it i« A I'oreft of olive«ireei, ^ m long,
aiitong wtiich are wdki .ind fine f<>nn<
tain*. l!lvai wa-i b mtbardcd by {he
Frrnch in 1706. A royal acadimy for
young gentlemen wai founded hrre in
i;..^.). It is :{M in lnk Kvora. and iilt
K i/i.Tjon. Lon. 6 ';6 w, Lit. .^H 49 w.

I'.liv^ngen, a town of Silabia, with 4
cillle on a inoiintain ; fcatrd un the
J.ixt. 14 m s'*' Notdliiigen.

/'.7y, a city in C.iriiltridgeUiiro, aiid j
bilhop'H lee, with a in.irket on S.itur.
d.iy. Ii is feated on thr Onl'e ( which is
n.ivigible hence to Lynn) in the fenuy
liaa, cilled flic Ifle ot Lly, It is ,i
county of itlilf, including the territory
aioiii.d it. and hau a diltini^t civil aiul
1-1 1'liinal jurilcli iioii, of which the t)i>
Hiop is the head. It h.H u tine catiiiv
di.d, but h otherwiii; a mcin pl.ici-, aud
conlaiiK'd 4249 inhabitants in itli i. It
i'i 1 7 in N C.I iibridge, and 67 N by K
London. I. on. o 9 k, lit. 51 24 ^^

/."/y, a ^ownof Sc(.lland, In Fiitfliiic,
With a gov'd harbon--, on the Iritii nf
Fo'th, and much li f|uenfed for fca-
bathiiig. It it 1 1 in s iic. Andrew.

EIze, a town ot Lower .Saxony, in
the principality of Iliidelbrim, liated
on tlic Lciii.i. 10 in sw Ijildellieim.

Emboly, a town of Euiopcan Tur-
key, ill Macedonia, and a Greek arcli-
Liliiop'^ (i-e. It is the ancient An lii*
poli^; and is fometimen called Chrifto-
pobs. It is ftatcd on tli>- Stromona, 40
in NK Salonica. Luu. 23 55 fc, lat. 40

59N-

I'nihrun, a city of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Alps, and lately the
lee of a bifliop. It ha« a fortriis built
by Lewis .\i v, and is feafed on a craggy
rock, near the river Durance, 17 ml
Oatj. Lon. 6 29 k, l.it. 44 54 n.

r.mdtn, .f ftrong town of Weftph.illa,
c.ipital of M Fricflund. It has a good
harbour and a fafe road, at the mouth
of the Ems; and conTiderable manu-
fuiflures of (lockings, foap, leather, and
cotton. The grcatcil part of the inlu-

wUIi a mar-
ihe riniaim

of £lih.int.
ft con*rit'd
e ftntfly lull
5 London.

c'k V "^ ^"'"

hilhop'n fee,

tiUctn th»t

r the town for

m m litigth,
fiiliportfd V'y

On ill 5 Itilc
•es, ^ m long,
nd t'uitf fi-'in*
)ardcd l>y '''«
a acucUmy for
iijnilcd In re m
ivora. and n»
lit. .»8 49 N-
8»ubu, with *

fcated o» Ihe

id^-rUtirc, and a
irkc't on S.«tuv-

iwi) in the fciuiy
i,f Liy. li >8 a
i„jj the territory
Jiltii>et civil .ml
,f vvl>ich ilic bi-
|,,n u tine catlu-
mc.in pl:>c<-. aud
aiitn in iBii. It
, and 67 N by R
ht. 5X iv"- .
;uul, ".n iM.diinc,
on tbe I'ritli >'f
(ViinU'd fur lea-
st. Atidrcw.
.)vv<'i- Saxonyi m
iUlrlhti'". I'^tef^
. ilildellicim.
If En,<>lJcan Tur
)il .-^ Greek arcii-
ancient An 1''"
;es called Chnfto-
tlir Stromona, 4°
13 55 ^» ^^^- *°

Iprance, in the de-
Ilp3.andl^t<:lyt|i«
las a fortrcis built
If.-atcdonacraggy

1 Durance, 17 •"•

lit. 44 54 '*■
Iwn of VVeaphala,
\ It has a good
tad, at the moutlv
Luriderable mann-
[foap. leather* and

^ part of the ibI»»-

EN I^
bitanti .nreCdtinifti, and'thrrcire tome
Luthennn, pipit*, and Jcwi. It ii la
in rNiGroningen,iind 47 wnw OlJen-
bur|. (.on. 7 M », lit. j.) to n.

i.mly, a vilLige of Ireland, In the
county of Tipptrary, I m vv bv 1 Tip-
per iry. It w.i» ;i vrry ancir nf hllhoptic,
and haa Itill .1 ch-tptcr, but the lie w.it
united. In I ^<.8, to th«' fcf of C.ilhcl.

J'.mmfHJini(ffi, \ town of Sunbhi, in
RiilK.iu, and chi<-f town in t^^e marqui-
late of llochherg J Icittd on the river
F.na. lo \i\ N by v\ Priburj!:.

fimmerick, a llronj town of CJrr-
miny, In thedwchy of Clevr. It h.i» a
confidernble tr.utc with IloHunil, and it
leatrd on the Khin«*, . i tn nw WtlV.

J'mmit/hurjf, a town of Miryland. in
Frederic county, beiwern the w he.id
watfis of th<" Mt)n(H-i>ry, 34 tn unk
Frrdciic, and 50 in nw Baltimore

Emou^, or Hinmrn, ,\n illird of
China, lyinjj off tfic loaft of the pro-
vince of Fokien. It ban a port i^> ex-
tfiifive, that it can contjin thonl^nda of
vilicU i luid lii drcp, th;it the Inr j;cft
lliip» may lie clofc li> the ihow without
ilanj^cr. It was furmerly much frf-
iiucnled by European vcdcls ; but now
all the trade ih carried on ;it Canton.
This iflvitl is particularly celtbratfd on
accoii it of the tnagniricencc of its prin-
cipal p.igod, dedicated to their god Fa-
LoM. 1 16 27 t:, lat. 34 \ I.

Kmpol'h .1 town ot Tnfeany, featcd
on the Arno, 17 m !<w Florence.

Ems, a river of Wrftphalia, which
rilH in the principality of Padcrliorn,
ind flows, ut Kmden, into the Dollart, a
biy of ih** Ot-rm;m ocean.

Ems, a town of Germany, In Tyrol,
I mr which are fume baths impn guated
[ witlil'ilphnr. It is 10 m s Bit-gcnz.

Enchuyfen, a lown of N Holland, on

Itl'c Zuider zee. The harbour being

now obftru(5^ed by fand, it haa loft its

(ormtr copfcquencc. It was taken by

ihf Knglilh in 1799. It is 27 m kk

Umflerdam.

I'Uideavour Strait, a ftrait of the S
iPiciHc ocean, which fcparatt'b New
iGiiiiira from New Holland. Itrectiv-
N its name from captain Cook, who
jfsplorcd it in i77o. Its length ia lo
]!^'gues, and its br( adlh about 5, ex-
jcept at the ne entrance, where it i3
Icontraftcd to lefs than a m, by the
Inlands called Prince of Wales Iflands.
Endian, a town of Perfia, in Far-
Han, which has a trade with BafFora
I Behaban. It is feated on both/ fides
||i(Tab, 16 m from its mouth in the
7(rlian gulf, and 140 w by N Sbirai.
Ion, 50 4B, lat. |o 18 w.

ENG

F.HJlngfHt a town of Suabia, In Orir*

tau. nr.tr the Khinc» 7 m mnk Oli
iriluch.

t'.njUld, a town in Middlrfcx, with •
market on Saturday. It wai onir fa*
moui for an extcnlUi* roy d chal**, dll«
forcfted in 17701 and h.id a roy.d p««
hce. of which little now um.ii.ii. the
Iront having been taken dv)wn, in 179;^
and itit lite occupied by lome houlvi. ll
is 10 m N London.

I'.nfitlJ, X town of Connetfl'cut, in
llanford county, on the * liaiik of ihe
i oiuieiticut, iftfn N by k Hartford.

EnifaJiH, or Itthal, a diflri.Jt of Swif-
fcrland, in the canton of OriCons. ex*
trndinp along thtr bank* of the river
Inn. ti(>m itH fi>urc<> to Tyiol. It i*
divided into Upper and Lovwrr | th«
chief town* Zuiz and Ci'mct/..

tnsf'bfrx^ a v.illty of Swin'erland, in
thr canton of Uinlcrw.ilden, 10 m loiijj,
luirouiuKd by mr)unt.iin«. It is lubjcdt
to the iibb>.'t of a BenediClinemonallerv
of the fame natr^e, whofe rrvenues arlla
princip.illy fiot^ a comrncr<e in cheefes.
riie country roiitain* extcnflvr glaciers,
on the lide of tVttili* mountaiud ; fine
bl.ick n arbte, %^liit ' vtiiied ; fiTiall ciyf*
t.tU, cuilid Swifi di miotuli ; filvcr, and
vitriol. Thf abbey Ih m m >>w Altdorf.

En^ell.olm, .1 iVaport of Sweden, in
Schoticn, on u biy ol tht- Caieg it, witfk
good anchoia^'c. In 167K, it was taken
by the D.tnt'S after an (^bllinatf defence.
It is 44 ni N by w Lund. Lon. la 57 b,
|jt.^6 \i N.

J^n^rn, a town nf Suabia, in the prin-
cipality of Furik-nburg, ao m tsE Furf.
tenluirg.

Eni^ffj, a town of Germany, in Wef-
terwald, capital ofa county of it!) name.
It is feated near the Rhine, ao m wnw
Dic'tz.

Eitffhein, a town of the Netherlands,
in Hainault, 15 m sw Briidtls.

Engia, or Ejfhia, an ifland of Euro-
pean Turkey, in tl:f jiulf of Engia, be-
tween Livadia and Morcu- It is of a
triangular form, 36 m in circuit, fur-
rotinded by rocks, and lias no harbour.
The chief town is of ihc fame name, 34
m ssw Athens. Lon. 23 59 B, lat. 37-

45 N.

England, the I'outhern part of the
illand of Great Britain, bounded on th«
N by JScotland, ne ahd e by the Ger-
man ocean, 8 by the Englilh channel,
and w by St. George channel, the pfin*
cipality of Wales, and the Irifli fea.
It is of a triangular form : and from the
S Foreland in Kent, which may be
termed the e point of the triangle, to
Birwick upoQ Tweed, which it the Wt

-III.

•^ ■ #i

i

' '1

'1

;. •■

Jil

i( < ■

r. iN ti

iu Irc'li I* ,«s mi from tli.ii point
to ibc L^iuliriitl ill Coriiw ill, which
m th« «v, It U 4ti • •iixl <!•(' brciidth
th*'iicrto thcSfurrlnnil is 440. It coit-
t.tiiii jo.tio fiiUJtrc milrt. or t>«o04t4O0
utrm.Thctiiimhfrof rfllilciii itih^tiiMntt

wa» H,<ji.4U'" I'lfi. •"''• '>»V»*»'»7»
ill iNii I to thrif .1 thirtii-tli p4it tnav
b« *d«lc«l for tfu* .irmy anil ii.ivy, which
will r:iiic ihf l.ift tiuimcMtiDii to
o,fi6,foo- The Cwf t)f till- coiiiitry af-
loriliallthit li^iiitifiil v.irirty which cin
b< t'liuiid In thr molt fxtcnliv** tradu of
thr kIoIh' I not, however, without r«>«
m.iniici and cvcti tiri.iry fc-ciKii, hifty
mountttintf cn^rijy rockii, hi u k harren
moortf atui wutc iinriiliiv.itcd hruhti
and yt't, few i-oimtrir* h.ivr ,\ lm.illi-r
ptoportion of Ltud .iblolutcty Ocriir and
mcipihlc of cultirt', 'Ihi* riclirll puitH
zrf, in (tcni.'ral, the midland and iouth*
ern. Toward ihc N it partikf* of the
harrcnncfsof the neighbonrin>; Scoilaiu!.
The K coaft iitjn many pirli, Tandy and
marihy- A range uf rude and elevated
J:ind, lometimea rifing into lolty moun-
tain*, tittendi from the borderit of Scot-
land, to thi very heart of England, form-
ing a natural divifion between the E
and w fiilta of the kinpdom. Cornwall
is (lib a rou{;h hilly tra6 } ind a fimilir
character prevailti in p.irt of th<' adjacent
countieii- Thcfe mountainoii* tra<iU
abound with various miner.il trealurc*.
Th» rivcrn are numeroui; and the moft
conlideMhle of them are the Thames,
Severn. Hnmber, Merfey, Mrdway,
Trent, Ou(i', Tyne, Teri, Eden, Avon,
and Dee. The lakes are neither numer-
ous nor rxttnfive, and are chielly in
the NW counties: thofe of Weftmor-
lund and Cumberland, in particular, ex-
hibit fuch varieties of beautiful Icencry,
as to l)econie the object of fiimmcr cx-
curfions from every part of the coun-
try. With rcfpcft to climate, Kngland
is fituatc in the n part of the temperate
zone. f<) that it enjoys but a li:anty
fharc (if the genial influence of the liin.
Its atmofphere Ih inclined to chilncfs
and moifture, rubjcfl to frequent and
fudden changes ; and is more f<ivornble
to the growth, than to thi- ripening of
the products of the earth. No country
18 clothed with fo beautiful and lading
a verdure ; but the harvefts, efpeciaiiy
in the northern pirts, frequently lufl'cr
from unlealbn.ible rains. The rigours
of winter, however, and the heats of
iummcr, are felt here in a much lefs
degree than in parallel climates on the
coiuinenl ; a circumAancc common to
all ifl^nd^ The whole country, fomc
particular fpots excepted, is iufiiciently

1: N O

hf4!lhy I and ihr Umgrvily of ii« inli.i-
biiant* is equal to that of 4lm*)n any
region. All it« moll valuable prutluc
lions, both animal and vegrlabfi', have
b«'fn importcil from lorciiKn countries,
and have (x-eii kept up and improveil
by conftant .ttteniion, Etii(liiid lu«
now no oiher wild quadrupeds that)
foine of the fmalkr kintU 1 as the fox,
ba«lKPr, marfn, ott«r, hare, rabbit,
Uiuirrel, 5{C On the other hand, every
kii d of dumrllic animal, imported from
nbi> ad, has been reared to the greairlt
tli->;rec of perfertl«m. The horic lui
been trained up fur all the varioU< pur-
polifs of nrength nnd IwiftMrls, fo m tit
txcel in thole qualities the fame animal
in every other country. The hoiiu'd
rattle have been brought to the lar^'i It
li/e and grcateft julliuli of Ihape. 'i'lif
different races of Ihecp are varionlly
diltir.gniftiecl, either for uncommon I'lzr,
goodiicf* of (Iclh, and plenty or tinenrli
of wool. The <leer ot its parks, which
are originally a foreign breed, are lupr ■
rior in beauty of ikin und delicacy ut
fltlb to thofe of moft countries. Even
the fever^l kind* of do,i;s have beer
trained to degrees uf courage, ftren){th,
and fagaeity, rarely to be met with i lie-
where. The improvement in the vcge^
table pruiUiAs of this illand is not left
Itriking than in the animal. Nut:*,
acorns, crabs, and a few wild berrien,
were almoft all the varii-ty of vegetalile
food which iti woods could boafl. Tu
other Countries, and to the efforts v(
culture, it is indebted fur c«)rn,elculciic
roots, and plants, and all its (•ardeii
fruil i. The rivers and feas of Enj^l.inJ
are ilockcd with a ^rcat vaiicty uf lilh,
which yield a plentiful article uf provi-
fioii to all ranks of people. The ma-
nufatfturcs and commerce uf this coun-
try are vail, extenlive, and various 111
the woollen, linen, cotton, and hard-
ware manufa^ircs in particular, it h.u
long maintained a pre-eminence; nor
mult the recent one of elegant earthen-
ware be (iinilted ; and though nature
has denied it the rich ftuitH of uilui
countries, yet the manufadlure, if it
may be fo called, of home-made wiin-i",
in imitation of all the varieties v( the
foreign, hay been brought to an uncom-
mon degree of perfection. The goverif
mcnt of England is a limited monarchy; 1
the legiflative power rcliding in the kiiigi
lords, and commons; and the executive
in the king, the great olHcers of (late,
the judges, and the inferior gradationJ
of m:igi(lracy. The civil divifion of thef
country is into Hx circuits, and 4ocuiin-
ties : thcfe Uft arc iubdividtd into wa-

t

r of ii« iiiti>-
r Almoft my
^b\e prUiUtc

irnl Improvcil

ilrupciW »•'*'»

1 1 a* the lox,

hari*, rabbit,

cr hivnd, every

itrpDrlct) from

to Ibc Ktciiifll

I'he boric Ini

ic varioii. pur-

iftnelii, fo ""* III

he fame ;«itim:>l

. The boim-il

t to tb« l.irK' It

of Ib.ipc. 'I'he

p aic v.uiuiilly

iincomm"" r»z«*,

Iciity or rtiunrli

it« parkn, which

breed, arc lupe-

ami ib'licacy ot

:oimlrici. Kvcti

d(»gn hav beer

oura^c, ftnnj^th,

b«r n>«rt with i ll<-

nriit ill the vcge-

ill.ind i» not lelt

anim:il. Nutn,

few wild b<'irif»,

rU;ty of v.getahle

could boaft. To

lo llic ctforts vi

for cnrn.elculciit

1(1 all its naidiii

nl k.H of EiirIihJ

cat vaiiety of lillt.

^il article of piovi.

xople- 'Ilu- '"»•

crci' of this coun-

|j, and various ; in

[cotton, and juud-

particular, it h.«

ire-eniinciicc ', nor

[)f fk'gunt eavlheit-

i(d thouvjb nature

.Cb fl uitH of OlJKV

in;iiiufa<aurc, d" it

homc-nnade wiin'».

|h«; varieties of the

(Ugbt to an uncom-
;tiou. The govtin-

.limited monarchy,
rclidinginthcking.
i and the executive

[at olWcers of ftate,
. inferior gradationi

■ civil divilionotthe|
rcuits, and4oco«n•
[ubdivided into wa-

F. N N

prntaVrt, or huiidr*^d«, und p;«r(ni<>i. fn

each of the circuit*, inr ihi* iiiof) p4rt,

iM-o of ihe Jiulgf^ admiiiiltrr jiillic^,

twric a yr.ir Ihry «re, r Thr llomr

Circuir. which roiitain* thr ctuiniira of

Mcrtford, KD'OC, K**fii, Surry, And Muf<

(t*. % The Norfolk, C(itil-nnin(( lliick-

iiitfhiim, l(i-t|lonl, HiintiDndon, C4in-

hridK'-, Riiirolk, «iiit Norfiilk. n.'Viw

Oxioiit, coutainiiiK Oxford, Hrrk*,

tHoiicrllfr, Wiirctdcr, Monmouih,

llrrrlord, Sali'p, and Stafloril. 4 'Ihe

.Vldland, coniaininK Warwick. I.< i-

cfUcri Di'rby, Nottingham, Lincoln,

Kutlaiui, and Noitliamptoii. 5. The

Northern, containiii}^ York, Diiili.un,

NorthiiinlK'tland, Lancdlter, WcHiii'm-

l\nd, and C'liinhcrland. 6. The Well-

i-rn, containing ll.uiti, Wiltl, Dorii-t,

Nimeili't, Devon, and Cornwall. Two

other coiintitft, Middlrfcx and Chcfler,

irr not included in any circuit. The

Itablilhed religion, an contained in the

Article* of the Church of Kngl.uid, ii

Olvinifm ; but tliefu artickvi uie iriier*

preted, by the clergy in general, nc«

Duling to the more liberal principled

ot Arminiui : and all oth«r relij^ions arr

tiiltratcd. The eccleliaflical clivilion of

Kngland in into twoarchbiliiopiicii. call-

((I the provincrN of Canterbury and

Vork. I'hat of Canterbury ccitaiuH

the «lioccle» of London, Winchelli-r,

lUth and Wells Bridol, Chichcltir,

Kly, Exeter, Gloucefter, Hereforvl,

Lichfield and Coventry . Lincoln, N -r-

wich, Oxford, Peterborough, Uochc' ;pr,

S,illfbiiry, and Worccftcr, bcfulc the

tour Wellh bilhoprits of St. David,

B,inpor, LandafT, and St. Aliiph. The

province of York contains the vHocefes

of Durham, Chcfler, and Catiinc, and

ih.it of Sodor and Man. Every prelate

of the li'cs enumerated, that of Sodor

nil Man excepted, has a feat in the

hotifc of lords. London in the capital,

j:J thr mctropulis aU'o of the whole

Britilh pmpiir.

Kniflaud, ytiv, a country of N Ame-
riailMMinded on the N byCa, ada, fc by
I New Biunfwick and the AtlanMc, s by
(hit ocean, and vv by New York. It is
hhc moll populous part of the I'uited
States, and the inhabitants are moftly
deli:endcd from the natives of England.
It contains the ftates of Vermont, New
Uampfhire, MallachulctB, Rhode Illand,
|uid t onneSticui.

Enhoping, a town of Sweden, in Up-
llind, htuate at the end of a creek of the
|l»lie Maeler, 31 m sw Upfal-

EnntrdaU-<water, a lake in Cumber-
|l»nd, 7 m Eof Whitehaven. It is z m and
lihajf in length, and nearly three-quarters

K NT

of a mile In hrratith i furroimdrd, f icr pt
4t Iht* w end. with wilil and cr.u'sy
lu-ightM, which uie almofk Impadtltle.
It .«(foril« a v.iricty nl mouniam, lyivan,
and p.4ltoral fcrncii. Tb* river Eden
runit through it.

l\HMii, a borough of Irelind, c.ipit.d
of the county nl CUre. It li nd« «
memUr t«» p.irli.imriit, has n couflder-
aliN- ii .dc, iiml ftaniN on the Fergus,
which ii n.ivlg il.lr for large bottt from
the Shannon. Two ni *->%. i* the vilKii^;*'
ol Ci.iri', one • the < apil.d of the coiinry.
Miiniii Ii IX m wNw Limerick, and 1 18
w '.w Dublin. Loo 9)1 w, Int. 5* 44 n.

i'ntitl'iQrllitf, .i borough of Ireland, in
the County ot Wexford, with a llrong
c.illlc. IK re it a manulai^iire of coarle
woollen cloth and lotnc iron-works.
It ii lUuate on the Sl.tury, clolV under
Vincgarhill, u m N Wtxford, and iy
Nk Watcrford.

hlnni/kUltn, .1 borough of Ireland,
capital of the county of l\ rnian.tgh.
It It fi-aicd <iii an illaiul in I.;. ugh Eriu'i
where th.it lake is contradcd tor about
6 m to the width ot an tndinary river,
and \\M a Anuig fort, it being a p.if. ot
threat importance U-tween the n and 1
of Ircl.ind. In i59'n, it made an oblU*
nate defence againlt the .irmy of (|ii(!e4t
Ellfahclh, and again in 16H0, .ig.iinfl
James 11. It finds a incnibe r to p.ir*
liamtiit, and ii Mo m nw Dublin. Lon.
6 5e> w, lat. 54 15 s.

i'lnnijleafje ; fee Inijlioge.

lino, or I'^noj, a town of European
Turkey, in Romania, and a Greek arch*
bilhop 8 fee. It l\.indB near a gulf of the
Arcliipelago, at the influx of the Ma-
rifl'a, 90 m s by w Adriaiioplc. Lon. a6
15 K,lat. 40 46 N.

Ens, a town of Auftria, on a river of
the fame name, at its conflux with the
Danube, izrn ese Lint/.

En/ffie, a town of Egypt, on the R
fide of the Nile. Here are confiderable
ruins of the ancient Antinoc. It is lao
m H 'v airo. Lon. 30 54 e, lat. a8 5 n.

linJijMm, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Rhine, on the
river III, lomsColmar.

I'lnjkirktn, a town of France, in the
department of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the duchy of JuHers, 15 m sw Co-
logne.

Enjlorfy a town of the palatinate of
Bavaria, 22 m N Ratifbon.

Entlibuc/i, a town of Swiflerland, in
the canton of Luccrn, 14 m wsw Lu>
cern.

Entre Douro c Minho, a province of
Portugal, lying on the leacoaft between
the rivers Douro and Minhojand bound'

ii'

I,

I

EPl

ed on the e by Tra lor. Montei. It is
very populous, and didinguifhed by its
well-condiKil* 1 agricullure- Braga is
thi' capital.

Entxirjlorf, a town of Auftria, with
a c-iftli* liirroiindt'd by walla and ditchce,
on the left bank of the Danube, la m
E8F Vienna.

Eper'ttiy a town of Upper Hiinpary,
capital of the county of Saros, cele-
brated for its mints of fait. It is ftat» d v
on theTatza, ao m ne Caflbvia. Lon.
• IMF., lat. 48 so N.

Eptrnatf, a tov/n of France, in the
dtpaitrritnt of M.irnc. It was taken by
Henry iv in 151; 2, when n*arflial Hiton
was killed while the king's hand was on
h;.! flioulder. Xhc wines produced rn
its ntijrhboiirhooo are excellent. It is
17 m Nw Chalons.

F.pernon, a town of France, in the
department of Eure and Loir, 15 m
jJNfc Chartrts.

Ephtfus, a village of Afiatic Turkey,
in Natolia, anciently one of the moft
fplendid cities of Aiia Minor, and the
moft frequented empo'iii.n of thnt con-
tinent. Of its formtr IpKndour there
is noihinp to be feen but heaps of mar-
ble, overturied walls, columns, capi-
tals, and pieces of ftatues. The for-
trefs, which is on an eminence, iiiems
to have been the work of the Gieek
emperors; and alio the aqurcludt, pait
of which is yet flanding, fapported by
pillars of fine marble. Tie ealtern
gate has three baflb-relievos, taken from
fome ancient monuments: that in the
middle was conftrufted by the Romans.
The moft rtmaik.ibic ftruflure w.is the
Temple of Diana, deemed one of the
ftvcn wonders of the world, and which
the primitive Chriftians converted into
a church ; but it is now fo entirely
ruined, that it is not eafy to find the
groundplot. Ephefus is (tatid nrar the
mouth ')f the Cayfter, wliicli formerly
affordtd a pood harbour for fliips, but
is now almoft chcV.cd with (iind. The
prefeiit inhabitants are Greek peafauts,
who live in ivreichednt Ih iind infenfibi-
lity. It is 3c m sst Sinynia. i^-n. 27
J3 E,1at. j8 8 N.

Eplirataj or Tunkerjlown, a town of
Pennlylvania, in La.icaller courty, anu
the principal fellltment of a ^ciX called
Tunkcrs [Dippers], who are of Ger-
man extra(^lion. It is u m nne Lan-
cafter.

Epidaurus, a village of European
Turkiy, in Morea ; formcviy a city,
famous for the precindl of Efculaptus ;
and his facred territory is \v its vicinity.
It is now proiiouRced Pidavro by the

ERF

natives, and ftands in a peninfula, on
the R coaft, 24n) sE Corinth.

Epitx., a town of France, in the de-

f)artment of Loiret, 18 m w by n Or-
eans.

KpHa, a town of Spain, in Arajron,
on the Xiloca, 20 m w by s SiiragoflTa.

Ep'tnal, a town of France, capital of
the department of Vofges It is famous
for paper-mills, and Halid on the river
Mofelle, near the mountains of the
Volges, ij^ m SE Nancy. Lon. 6 31 e,
lat. 4H » N.

J-ppitigt a town in EfTcx, with a mar-
ket on Friday, famous for excellent but-
ter ; featrd at the N end of a foreft of
the lame numei 17 m nne London.

Eppi):gen, a town of Germany, in the
late palatinate of the Rhine, feated on
the Elf.its, 10 m ene Philipfburg.

Epfnm, a town in Surry, which ha;,
from the number of opulent people re-
Jiding in and near it, a daily market.
It is celebrated for its mineral waters
and falts ; and on its neighbouring
downs are annual horleract 8. It is 15
ni ssw London.

Epijoorth, a town in Lincolnlhire, in
the ifle of Axholm, with a market on
Friday, and a manufa»5luie of facking.
John Wt-ncy, the founder of the Arnie-
nian ftdt of mtthodifts, was horn here.
It is 1 1 m N Gainfborough, and i6«
NNw London.

Erbach, a town of Franconia, capita!
of a county of the fame name, with a
caftle. It is 22 m w by & Werthtim,
and 35 ssE Frankfort.

Erbiile, or Erbila ; fee Arb'tl-

Erekli, A feaport of Afiatic Turkey,
in Natolia, on a bay of the Black ki,
140 m EN£ Burla. Lon. 32 35 k, lat.
40 50 N'.

Erckli, anciently Ileraclea, a town of
European Turkey, in Romania, in which
art the ruins of an amphitheatre, built
by empeior Severus. It is feated on
the lea of Marmora, 48 m w Conflan-
linople.

Erfurt, a city of Upper Saxony,
commonly accounted the capital of
Thuiingia, with a univerfity and two
ftrong forts. The principal magift'.ate
In foirt-times a proteftant and fometimfi
a papift ; hu" the f,'reateft p;irt of the
burglit rs are proteftants. It has three
fine libraries, one of which belongs to
th'- papifts, another to the univerfity,
.Tiid a third to the prnteftant minifters.
'1 h° inhabitants are computed at 15,000.
A <ire happened bore in 1736, which
burnt down 180 houfes, and feveral
churches. In 1806, it was taken by the
Frtncii. It is feated in a fertile country,

[craclea, a town of

Romania, in which

aniphithcatrc, built

It is fcated on

48 m w Conftau-

EllI

on the river Gem, 58 m bse Lcipric
Lon. 1 1 9 K, lat. 5t a N.

Erihol, Loch, in Scotland an arm of
tlic f(*ii, on the n road of Sulherliind-
lliiif, caprible of aftbidinj!; a (kfe retreat
to the largeft vcfTcU. It receipt n fovcral
ftreams, particularly that which Hows
from Loch Hope ; and muc!> .kdp is
made on its co ifls.

F.r'tce'tra,A town of Poitiigal. in Ertrr-
madura, on the fcacoall, at m nnw
Lifbon.

Ericht, Lochy a lake of Scotlanc'. lying
in the counties uf Invernf is Til P( rtli.
It is 44 m long »nd a mile bitnd, lur-
roundtd by lofty mountains ami rujjp[td
cliffi, and its banks covered with heath
and a few draggling bi'chts and alders.
Its outlet, at thesoxirmiity, is the river
Ericht, which flows Into Loch Wannork.
/tV/V, Fnrt, a ftrof.g fortification of
Upper Canada, fiiuate near the t end
of Lake Eric, and on the w liank of
the river Niagara, 24 m s by E Fort Ni-
agara. Lon. 78 59 w Irti. 42 54 ^f.

Erie, Lake, in N America, lies be-
tween 79 and 84 w Ion. an'^ 4' and 4,^
V lat. Its length is jSo m, its inc
dliim breadth, and npA'ar-i ^ 700 in
circumfertnc". Jt is navigable ior fliips
cf any burden, and the coaft on both
lides is generally favorable for balteaux
and canons ; yet in fome places, ctiitR}'
on the s lide, there are rocks that run
feveral itsi'es in length. Some of ihefe,
near the month of the Cayahaga, rife 40
or 50 feet above the water, and projed
'jvtr the lake fo as to infpire dread inio
tl : bo.dell bread, when they are ap-
proached : tiie Indians, when they pafs
this impending danger, offer a facrifice
of tobacco to the water. Theiflandsand
b.inks towarO its w end are inftdcd
with rattlefnakes ; but on other parts
of the coaft are fine meadows, and
woods abounding with game. '1 his
lake, at its nw end, receives the water*
of 1; veral large lakes by th.e river De-
troit, and diicharges thim by the river
Niagara, at its Nt end, into Lake On-
tario.

Erijkay, a fmall idand of the Hebrides
of Scotland, at the s ei.d of S Uid ;
noted for being ihe fird place upon
which Charles Stewart landed, in his
attempt to obtain the Britifh crown.

Erith, a village in Kent, feated on
the Thames, 5 m e by s Woolwich.
Great quantities of corn and wood are
fhipped hence, and here the Eaft India
fliips, in their pafTage np the river, ge-
nerally difcharge a part of their cargoes.
Erivan, the capital of Perfiau Ar-
menia, in a province of the fame name.

E R 11

and the feat of an Armenian patriarch.
The city is defended by a fortrefs, in
which is the go.cinor's palace, and by
a caffle, on tl.e river Zviengui, which
foon joins the Aras. The Meidan is an
open i(|uare, 4*0 pacts over, in which
are Very line trees. The baths and
caravmiaries have their beauties; but
the cl)urelic« of the chridians are Imall,
and halt under)?' ound. Thecity hnfihecn
often taken by the Turks and Perfiant",
but the latter has continued in polH (rioH
fince the peace of Nadir Shall in 1748.
In i8-)8 it fiiflained m liege of \iear fix
months by the kuflians- It i:. j8o m nw
Tabriz, and 200 K Erzcrum. Lon. 44

48 f, lat. 40 10 N.

Erke/tns, a town of Frnnce, in the
depaitmerit of Roer, lately of Germany,
inthoduohy of J u Hers ; feated on tl;e
Roer, 10 m Nw Juliers.

Er/ac/i, n town and baillwic ofSwiT-
ferland, in the canton «if Bern, with a
cad'e, on the lakeof Ricl, 10 m sw Bie'

ErlaHgffi, a town of Fraiiconia, in
the priicipality of Bayrcuth, with a
univerfity, and 'j palace belonging to
the prince. Ic it> divided into the old
and new town ; the latter one cf t!i<?
hundlbmed in Germany. The prin-
cipal manufaduresaiT hatw, gloves, and
dockings. It is fer.ted on the Regnit/..
la m N Nuremburg. Lon. 11 a li, lat.

49 ."^8 N.

£r>.-e, a river of Scotland, which
iflues from a lake of the fame name,
in Perthfhire, flows by Crietl", and join*
the Tay, a little below Abcrncthy.

Ernet a river of Ireland, which iffues
from a fmall lake on tiie n border of the
county of Longford, Hows n through
that of Cavan, -"nd nw through Fer-
managh into Donegal bay. In the latter
couniy it forms a hike, called Lough
Erne, 30 m long, containing feveial
iflands ; and nn one in the middle part,
where the lake is very narrow, dands
the town oi Eiuiifkillen.

Enije, a town of Fiance, in the de-
partiiient of Muyne, on a river of the
fame name, i ;; m nnw Laval.

Erodii, or Eroad, a town of Hind 00-
ftan, in the province of Coimbetore,
with a large mud fort. IMuch coarfe
cotton cloth is made here and in the
vicinity. It i.s feated on a canal from
the IJhawaui, and near the C'avery, fi m
s Bhawanikudal.

Errcl, a town of Scotland, in Perih-
diirc, fit'jate on an eminence on tlie n
fide of ihe Tay. Large quantiticii of
grain ?ie expo.ted, and a paffage-bbat
goes nence to Newburg, on the op-
pofite fhore, every tid«. It is 9 m t-Peiih.

•'■^'i

- 'ft

i

,;'f;;i v

■m

■J t

- 'M'

g^^Ik

ESC

l^rrotnqnjjiet otic of the New Hebrides,
ill the Pacific ocean, 70 m in circiim-
ferencc, with low fliores. On the w lidc
M a promontory th.ir ft'parstf.^ two bays,
and captain Cook, from the tivachcroiis
behaviour of the iiihubitants, named it
Traitjra Head. Lon. 169 iq t, lat. 18

47 »•

F.rvy, a town of Franco, in the de-
partment of Aube, 17 m s iiy wTroycs.

Erzeriim, or Arzroum, the capital of
Turiiifh Armenia, with Armenian and
Greek epifcopal Itfca, and a caftlc It is
furroundcd by double walls, defendi-d
by fquare towers, and cflimuted to con-
tain above 270,000 inhabitants. The
houfes are in general built of (tone,
with rafters of wood, and terraced roofs,
on which grafs giovvs and (hecp feed.
There arc fcveral bazars, 16 baths, and
joo mofqiies ; but many remains of
rnoiques and other ancient ftrudlmrs
()rove the city to have been ftill more
<;onliderabI«', The Turks are all jani-
i'lries ; but moft of them are tradefmen,
and receive no pay. The Armenians
have two churches, the Greeks but one ;
the latter are moflly brafiers, and live in
thefubiirbs, A great trade is carried on in
furs, Perlian lilks, cottons, calicos, and
drupsi. This city is a thoroughfare, and
a reltinp-place, for tne caravans to Per-
lia and Hindoofbin. It is fituate on a
riling ground, at the foot of a chain of
mountains, 104111 sETrebiibnd,and 300
w Erivan. Lon. 40 56 e, lat. 39 57 n.

Efcalonp, a town of Spain, in Old
Caftile, 14 m NKESagovia.

Efcalona, a town of Spain, in New
Caltile, furrounded by wails. It is
lituate on an eminence, in a fertile
country, near the Albreche, 20 m nw
Toledo, and 3a sw Madrid.

ly'chwef^eti, a town and caflle of Ger-
inany, in thelandgravateof Hefle-Cancl,
ibated on the Werra, -25 m i se CafTcl.

i'jt'/jweiler, a town of France, iti the
department of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the duchy of Juliers, 10 rn s Juliers.

Efcurial, a village of Spain, in New
Caftile, feattd on the Guadara, 15 m
NW Madrid. Jt takes its name from
a noble ftrudture, founded by Fhiiip 11,
in memory of the vidtory gained over
the French near St. Queiitin, in 1.557.
Thii: edifice confifts ot a royal palate, a
church, a monaftery, a college, a libra-
ry, Ihops of diifereiit artiiis, apartments
for a great number of people, beautiful
walks, large alleys, an exienlive park,
and fine gardens. It is built of gray
\£0!ie9,found in the neighbourhood, and
in the form of a gridiron ; becaule St.
Lawrehce, on whofc day the victory

ESN
was gained, fuflered martyrdom by be-
ing broiled on fuch an iiiflroinent. Il
is a lung f(|u;irc of 74a feet by 5^0, and
f«Hii ftories hi<;h, wth a tower at each
angle loo fert high ; and the palace
fo.ms the handlr ol tluH ituaiLjinary grid-
iron. The moll remarkable part is the
arched chapel ; in which is a magnifi-
cent fepnichre, called the Pantlienn,
being built in imitation of that edifice
at Rome, and is the burying-place of
the kings and queens of Spain.

J'sfirahi, A town of P< rfia, in Cho-
rafin, 90 ni v. Aftrabad. i-on. 41 23 e,
lat. ^if^ 48 N.

I'lj\ruet/ra, or Efguerla, a town of
P(,rtugal, ill Reira, 8 m s Aveiro.

I'\(hn'f\ ke Ajlraf.

Ijk, a river that rifes in Scotland, in
the NK part of Dumfriesfliire, and flows
SK through a dale to which it gives
name, to the edge of the county. It
there receives the Liddel from Roxburi;-
fliire, and enters (-'umberland, flowii.j,
s by Longtown into the ne extremity
of Solway Frith.

I'.Jk, a river of Scotland, in Edinburg-
fliire, formed by the juiidtion of two
ilreams called N and S Efk. They
almoft encircle the town of Dalkeith,
pafTing (in each fide o the eminence on
whicb it ftands, and unite a little below
the town. The riyer enters the frith of
Forth, at Muflelburg.

Ejkt North and South, two rivers of
Scotland, in Forfarfliire, which defcend
from the hills called the Braes ot Angus.
The former divides the county from
Kincardinefhire for feveral miles, and
reaches the ocean, a little to the n of
Montrofe ; the latter, after traverfing
the whole breadth of the county, enters
the bay, on the w of the fame town.

Efiiljimia, a town of Sweden, in Su-
dermania, founded by Charles x, and
enlarged by Guftavus 111, whence it is
alfo called Carl Guftavadft. Here are
manufactures of fwords, fabres, fcifTors,
&c. It is feated on the rive between
the lakes Hielmer and Aiaeler, 52 m w
Stockholm.

F.Jkijbehr, a town of Afiatic Turkey,
in Naiolia, on the river Sakaria, 80 m
Kst Burfa. Lon. 31 18 e, lat. 39 48 v\.

Efrie, Afr.a, or Ej'nay, a town of
Egypt, fuppofed to be the ancient LAto-
polis. Here is an ancient tempie, wiih
walls on three fides, and in the front 24
columns, well prtferved : within it are
three ftories of hieroglyphics, of inen
about three feet high; and the ceiling
is adorned with animals, painted in
beautiful colours. On the a (\(\t of the
town is another teinplc> riclily carved

yrdom by be«
lliuinent. It
t by 51)0, and
ti>wcr at each
ul the police
na^inary g;id-
bli- put is the

i8 a mafiiiifi-
:he Paiitiicnii,
of that edilk(i
iryiiig-place of
ipain.
?. rlia, in Cho-

Lon. 41 23 E,

la, a town of
! Avtiro.

in Scotlantl, in
(lilie, :ind flows

which it gives
he county. It

from Roxburir-
)erland, flowiLj,
e NK extremity

id, in Edinburg-
un<nion of two
S Elk. They
^vn of Dalkeith,
the eminence on
ite a httle below
nlfrs the frith of

t/i, two rivers of
;, which defcend
: Braes ot Angus.
lie county from
cral miles, and
little to the n of
after travcrfinp
lie county, enters
lie fame town.
Sweden, in Su-
Charles x, and
|iii, whtincc it is
adft. l-b;i-t; 'lie
, fabrcs, fcifibrs,
lie rive between
Maeler, 53 m w

Afiatk; Turkey,
n- Sakaria, 80 m

E, lat. 39 4B v\.
[rni/, a town of
the ancient Lato-
jcnt tempic, with
lid in the front 24
Td : within it are
(lyphics, of men
and the ceiling
liald, painted in
Ithe N fide of the
Ic richly carved

ESS
with hieroglyphics, crocodile*, iVc. and
a mile to the s itt the monaitcry of
St. Helen, which contains many m.'ipni-
ficerii tomlis. Efne H indson the Nile,
3Joni H Cairo. I.on. ^3 10 k, lat. 25 on.
J'-,'o/>us ; fee Kimrjion.
I'/fia/iott, a tow4> of Francp, in the
department of Avciron, on the river
Lot, IX m NNK Riiodez.

J-/ibarn_e;uera, a town of Spain, iu
Catalonia, fc.ited on tlie Lohtegat, 16
m Nw I'arcclona.

lifpinlial, a town of Portui^al, in Bci-
ra, 21 tn .-k Coimhra.

Eipolhidn, a i'.aport of Portugal, in
Entre Donro c Miiiho, at th^* moutl. of
tlieCavado, 22 ni N Oporto. Lon. 8 •!
w, bt. 4132 .V.

T-fifitimaKX, a people of N i\ merica,
chiefly inhabiting Labrador. Tl'^-y have
n ) fixed abode, hut rove from place to
place, and fometimes come aa far as
Newfoundland. They are of a different
race from the other native Americans;
for the other tribes have no beards, but
thefe have them fo thick and laijje, that
it is difficult to difcover any feature of
their faces : they are likewife the only
favages that eat their food in a raw ftate.
They are of a middling ftature, gene-
rally robuft, lufly, and of a brown co-
lour. Their head is large, and their
face round and flat ; they have thick
lipj, a flat nofe, fmall eyes, curly hair
of a black or cheflnut colour, large
ftioiilders, and uncommonly fm-ll feet.
They are always well clothed, for there
\^ nothing to be Ren but part of their
faces 'and their hands. They have a
fort of ihirt, made «»f the guts of fiih.,
with a coat of hear or bird fkir i, and a
cap on their head. They have likcwile
breeches made of fkins, with the hair
within, and covered with furs wit out ;
alfo two pair of boots, one over another,
of the fatne fort of (kins. In fummcr,
they have nothing to cover them in the
night; and in winter, they ledge in
tents made of hide's, or in caves. The
drefs of the women is nearly the iame as
that of the men. Their chief em ploy ment
is hunting and fifliing. Tlity are favjige,
covetous, faithlefs, and ever difpoled
to mifchief; and on this account, and
from the little commerce carried on
with them, few particulars of them are
known.

I^fquimaux Bay, a hay on the coaft
of Labrador, and in the N part of the
gulf of St. Lawrence. A river of the
fame name enters the head of the bay ;
andEfquimaux iflands extend acrofs its
mouth. Lon. ^^ 30 w, lat. 5 1 30 n.
i^-lf^k^ or Efxtki a trading town of

RSS

Sclavoni.i, with a ftrong c^ft'e. It lia»
a wooden bridge over th? Drave and
the marlhes, S m long and 80 feet broad,
with tower.s at a quarter of a mile dif-
tant from each other. It is a difficult
pal's, and feveral battles have been
fought here between the Turks and
Germans. KfT^k w >8 taken from the
Turks in 16R7, (ince which time it has
continued in the hands of the houfe of
Aultria. It is ii;-?ted on the Drave, i«o
m WNW Belgrade, and 136 s Budu.
Lon. 19 16 K, lat. 45 3c N.

EiJen, a town of Weftphalia, In the
duchy of Bers, lately fubjecM to the
abbcis of ElTen, who was a princefs of
the empire. Here are feveral catholic
churches and convents, but the inha-
bitants are chiefly Lutherans. It is S
m E Duyfburg.

E[fens, A town of Weftphalia, in E
Friell.uid, near the German ocean, ao m
NNr Emden.

F.jj'efjUi'bo \ fee JJJequibo.
Ejfex, a county ot England, bounded
on the N by Cambridgefliire and Suffolk,
K by the German ocean, s by Kent, and
w by Hertfordfliire and Middlelex. It
is 54 m long and 4S broad, containing
976,000 acres ; is<livided into 20 hun-
dred.s, and 406 pariflies ; has 27 market-
towns ; and fends eight meml^rs to
parliainent. The number of inhabitants
was 226,437 in 1801, and 2n2,473 in
1811. It pofrcflcs a variety of toil and
face of country. The sw part is oc-
cupied principally by the two forelts of
Kpping and Hainault ; and is noted for
its butter, which takes the name of
Epping butter. The nw part, from
Saffron- Walden to Cambrid !e, is fa-
mous for the growth of faffron ; and
for a kind of triple crop of coiiander,
carraway, and tea/ie, which are all town
together, but come to maturity at dif-
ferent periods. The middle part is a
fine corn country, varied with gentle in-
eq-ulities of furface, and fprinkled with
xsoods. The part bordering on the
Thames and the fea confifts chiefly of
maifliy grounds, which afford excellent
parturage. yet are dceineJ unwhole-
fume and aguilh. The principal rivers
arc the Thames, Biackwater, Coin,
Chelmer, Stour, Crouch, and Roding.
Bclide vafl quHntities of corn of all
kinds, abundance of calves are fent to
the London market ; alfo wild fowls and
oy Iters. The chief manufafture is baize
and ftufFs. Chelmsford is the county-
town.

Ejjl'ingen, a town of Suabia, lately
imperial, in the duchy of Wirtemburg.
Here are feveral convents, but the in-

l!

', .,^i'

a m

ira

I'll

if:

U'J

EST

habitants «rf chii fly Lutherans. It ha*
thrre cxttnfivc iiib'irbs, and its diftrift
yields good Nctkir wine, (t is feated
on tlje Neckar, " .n se Stutgard.

lift, in, ? town '>f Friincp, in ihe de-
pa»'*nunt of M<'«<e j; ni knr Vf-rdiin.

Ji/hxar, a town ol Ptrlia, in Farfif-
lan, CMpiial of a diftiiiJ't of the lame
name. Near it ;i'^e tlic magnificent
ruins of ancient IVrfepolis. It is 50 m
NE Sliiras. Lon. 5.5 40 t, lat. 305 n.

Ejhnzia 'hi Rei, the capital of the
province of .'liiilqiiilemii, in Chili. It
IS fitnatc near the- Hiobio, 35 m k by s
Coi ccption. L un 71 50 w, lat. 36 50 s.

Jyhvai/er, a t wn and hailiwic of
Swilli-iland, in tht canton of Fribiirg,
with a fin'' ciifllc ; featcd on the lake of
Nenchalel, r.^ m w Fribiirg.

J£jle, a town of Italy, in Padnnn, on
the river Ha. chiglione, 15 m sw Piidua.

Kjiella, a town of Spain, in Na»arn ,
with a ciftle a'ld 1 iiuivcrfity ; ftatcd
on the Eua, 15 m w Pamplona. Lon.
a a vv, lat. 42 ,^8 n.

Ellepa, a town of Sp.iin, In Anda-
lufn, with an ancient CHllie on a moun-
tain, 18 m s Ecijn, aiul r,r! e Sevilit.

Fjlcpnna, a t(;wn of Spain, in Gra-
Bad.?, ncartlir coaft,47 m " .'<\v .Malaga.

F.jierchad ; lit- Ajhrahad.

]'J}s'va>2 de .Iconui, St- fee Acoma.

l.jiho'y!ia, or l{ei<J, a government of
the Kuflian empire, bounded on the w
by the BJtic, n by the gulf of Finlantl,
t by Ingria, and 8 by Livonia. After
having been long an objed of bloody
contention between the Rnflians, Poles,
and Swedes, it wa<! confirmed to the
latter by the peace ( f Oiiva in 1660;
but it was fiibdtied bv Peter t!.e >;reat
in 1710, and finally ct-led to Rufiia in
1721. Revel is the capital.

Ej}h'iv<iite'iwater, a laite in I-anciHure,
between H;iwkfliead and Windern.cre-
water. It i? 2 m and a half long, and
half a mile bro.id, intcrfeded by a pen-
infula from each fide, jutting ;ar into
the lake. On the banks are villages
and fcattered houfes, fituate under
woods and hanging grounds clothed
with verdure, all heightened by the
ftrong background of rocky moun-
tains. No char is found in this lake,
'hough it is conneded with Winder-
mere-wate*"

Ejlremadura^ a province of S^in,
17-5 m long and too broad ^ bounded
on th^ »T by Leon, K by 01<^ and New
C; "ilfs ■. i y Ardalulia, ana w by Por-
tu^:ai.. It abouiids with corn, wine,
and fruit ; but the air is bad for fo-
reisrers, 0.1 acciunt of exceflive heat.
Cattle and fine wool are the chief ar-

ETI

tirles of fr.ide ; and great herr^s of '• 'ick
fwine arc fed on the hill ., which .ire co-
vcrcd with oaks. Dadajo, i« the oa^iita'.

Ejirtniadura, a pronnce of * o U-^j ;,
150 m long and from a/; to 7^ brrni ;
bounded on the n by Bei a, * aiid ^ \\yr
Altntfjo, and w by the AtIan''o oceaii.
It abounds with t;xcel!ciu wmc, oil,
honey, and oiangcs. Here the oranges
were firft planted t)iai were brought
from China, ard which are known by
the name of China oranges. Lifbon is
the capital.

Ejiremoz, a town of Portugal, in
Alentejo, and one of the ftrongeft in
the kingdom, being lurrouiidcd hy ten
baflions. An earthen ware is m.ide
here, greatly eftcemed for its beauty
and fine fmell; and in the vicinity are
quarries of beautiful marble. It is 18
m w Elvas, and 100 f. Lifbon. Lon. 7
J3 w, lat. 38 .t7 N.

Ejkeki "r Efzfg ; fee Ejfrk.

ttampes, a town of Fr.mcc, in ihe
department of Seine and Oife, feated
on the river Loet or Etampes, 15 ml
Chartres.

Etnplfs, a town of France, in the de-
partment «f Pas de Calais, fituate on tl.e
Englifl) channel, near the mouth n, iijc
Canchc, 13 m s Boulogne.

Etayn, a town of Ilindooftan, in the
province of Agra, fituate on the let:
bank of the Jumna, which is here 69
feet high. Ow tin' to;*, neni llie riv^r,
aie the remainiot a fint Jt is (j. m sR
Agra. Lcn. 79 16 i , lai. 26 45 v.

Ethiopia, a name liy which a vaft re«
gion of Africa Ins been diliinguifhed
t)y foinc geographers, who divided it
in'c J, .er and Lower Ftniopia. The
fit«"i in. 'uded Nubia, Abyffinii, and
part of Ouinea ; the lecond all the
countries .s of the equinodial line, at
Congo, Monoemugi, Mocaranga, &c.

Eiit/me, St. a town of France, in the
dcpaitment of Loire. Befidc the ma-
nut'adiirci of arms, hardware, and cut.
lery (the moll confiderabic in Frince)
the weaving of ribands forms a confider-
ab!e article of commerce, ("oal is found
in the neighbourhood, and alio a foft
ftone fit for gnndftont&. It is 20 m se
Montbriion, .Old 3a .«;w Lyon. Lon. 4
24 E, lat. <i5 25 N.

Eti-ve, Loch, a navigable inlet of the
fea on the w coaft ot Scotland, in Ar-
gylefhire. It is 20 m in length, but of
very unequal breadth, and its ()anks
are indented with creeks, which afibrd
fafe anchorage- About 7 m from the
entrance it contracts into a narrow
channel, called Connel, where a ridge
of rocks occafion, at particular times

tlfff

lierf^s of * 'ick
which .\rc co-

:eot to Uio •»

; to ;:; brnd ;
a, t aiitl ^ b''

;.u wine, oil,
re thf oranges
were brouj^ht
jre known by
Ijcb. Liibou is

f Portugal, in
he itrnngeft in
■ouiidttl by ten
ware is made
for its beauty
the vicinity are
larblc. It is 1 8
Lifbon. Lon. 7

■ Fr.incc, in the
nd Oiff. featcd
itampes, 15 m e

ranee, in the tlc-
iis,fiiu<«te on'J.c
tlie mouth o, iDe
'ne-

LincUiC'flan, h\ the
u^te oil the let:
ich is here 69
near the rivfr,
It is 6i msB
int. 26 45 f'-
wliicli .1 vaft re-
en tViilir.^ii'fbt'd
vulio divided it
Finiopia. The
Abyflinvn, ;ind
lecond all the
noflial line. a»
(locaran^a, &c.
of France, in the
Befidc the ha-
rdware, and cut-
rahlc in Fi'uice)
. forms a confider-
ce. ('oal is found
, and alio a foft
.s. it is 20 m St
m» lyori. I-'Oii- ^

gable inlet of the

Scotland, in Ar-

in length, but of

1, and its banks

;eks, which atiord

Hit 7 m from the

ii into a narrow

\\, where a ridge

particular times

ETR

•f the ♦ '*, a violent currppt. A-ou
3 ni \.A< <•" i* thr .iicient caftlc ofDun*
ftaffna^ '

"■'. \ A volcano of Sicily, and the
moft celebrated mountain in Hurope.
It is 63 m in circumference at th'* bale,
and 10,954 feet in hcijjht. Thr Sicili-
ans divide it into three parts or re-
gions : the lower cnniains vineyards,
corn-fields, and pafturca, and many
towns, villages, and convents ; the le-
cond is covered with forefts of o.»k,
choftnut, afh, Br, and pine, anti with an
infinite nnmbet of aromatic plants ; the
third and molt elevated is entirely de-
ftitute of vegetation, and always co-
vered with ice and Ihow, except here
and there a thick layer of black allies.
In many parts on the fides of this moun-
tain there arc prifmatic columns of ba-
falt. The firft eruption of Etna, on
record, is ihat mciuiotied by Diodonis
Siculus, without fixing the period when
it happened ; but the fecond, recorded
by Thucydidcs, was in the year 734
h.C. From this period to the year 1447*
ihere were i8 more eruptions. After
this it ceafed to emit fire near 90 years,
the next eruption beinj; in 1536; other
Conliderablc ones followed in 1554,
1567, 1603, 1669, 1682, and 1693,
winch Lift was attended with an earlh-
quakf that overturned the town of Ca-
tania. Several fmallcr eruptions have
happened fince. From the great crater
*t the top iflues continually a lUlphu-
reous I'moke ; but eruption.s hence are
very rare, as the lava generally breaks
out on Ibme fide before it ri/es to that
height. Btfide the fruits, \\hich are
the finell in the in;;nd, and the wood
for luel. which Etna afijids, the itih,i-
bitiints likevvife dcriv.' a profit from its
luovv, which id of greater requell than
ice, becaiife it aft'ords a more cooling
beverage. Tin; iale of this article, in
a fmall diftrid only, yields a yearly re-
venue of 23,000 livres to the bilhop of
Catania. The mounLiiii is 10 r.i n of
the town of Catania.

Eton, a town in Buckinghamniire,
frali'd on the Thames, over which is a
bridge to Windfor. Jt is famous for a
fchoo^ and college, founded by Henry
VI ; and Kings college in Cambridge
admits no other ftudents for fellows but
what have been brought up here. It is
22 m w London.

I'Aonda, a town of Napaul, and .T
place of (ome c< ■ru m-.v-o, leated on the
K'^p i, 4^ m sC'tmaJHlu.

j^truna, a nis.ie l.-'uly given to Tuf-
cany, which ijK .udws the greater pait

EUL

of ancient F.truria, of which the pre-
feiif Cottona was the capital.

Etrurlat a vilhgr in Sfifrordflrfe,
near Newcaftie. 't "" t'.i- prin^.pal
'cat of the potterieiiin this county, .I'd
here ihe molt elegant vafrs and othir
articles are made. Jofuh Wedgewood
was the founder, who died here in

Ltten/ieim, a town of Siiabia, in the
duchy of Baden, near wiiich is the Bc-
nedi(5tine convent of Ettenmunlter. It
is ij m N Fribuvg.

F.itHn^fns a town of Suabia, in the
duchy ot Baden, on the river Alb*;, 4 m
ssw Durlach.

/';/, a town of Franc*, in the depart-
ment of Lower Seine, with a lining
caftle, and a harbour for fmall vcllelb at
Trcport. The principal trade iu in
forges and lace. It Ih featcd on the
river Brelle. near the Englilh channel,
15 m Nii Dieppe.

E'vanjham, a town of Vir;r,;;iia, chicF
of Wythe county. It llaiidt* on Reedy
creek, which run? into the Kudiaway,
1 80 m wsw Richmond. Lou. 81 sow,
lat. 36 56 N.

EvauXy a town of France, in the de-
partment nf Cnuli", ni'ar which arc a
mineral Ipring and baths. It is 25 m b
Gueret.

L\'vcr/i'intr ', fi-e I\fferdi>i^,

Ei'crffld, a town of Weftphalia, in
the duchy of Berg, near the river Wip-
per, i8 mi', Dufl'cldorf.

i-t'fr//>r,?-, a town and caftle of the
duchy ot Weftphalia, on a monotaia
near the river Rocr, 10 mwswBvilion.

i'.'vejhum, a borough in Worccltcr*
fliire, governed by a mayor, with a
market on Ivlonday, and a manufadure
of /'locking?' Here are three churches,
anti it had formerly an abbey, of which
(ome remains ate llill vifihie. A 'lattle
was fought here in 1265, between
prince Edward, afterward Edward i,
and Simon de Montford, r-arl of Lei-
ct fter, iii which the earl and moft ofhi<»
adherents were flain. Eveliiam is kated
in a f( rtile vale, on a gradual alcent
from the Avon, 14 m SE Worcefter,
and 100 Nw London.

lUipmin, St. a town of Naples, in
Caia'oria Ultra, on a gnlf of the Medi-
terranean, to which it gives name, 27
m s by I'. Cofenza.

Evian, a town of the territory of Ge-
neva, relbrted to in the fumme for itn
mineral waters, featcd on the s fide of
the lake of Geneva, 22 m ne Geneva.

Ev'tzo ; fee Ivica-

Eule, a town of Bohemia, in the cir«

MJ^

i: tJ u

cle of Kaurzim, with a gol<l mine, i «
m s hy E Prague.

J'^-vo/l, a town of Napks, in Piiiicl-
pato Citnt i.s m kse Salerno.

Evora, a fortified c'ny of Portugal,
capital of Alciitejo, and tin- fee of an
arc.Iibilliop, witli a univtrrlity. Some
remains of the ancient Roman wall are
vifihlr; part of a temple of Diana, of
which there are Teven entire pillars
Handing, is now convcrtrd into Initchers
(hambles; and tho famous itqiicdudt
built by Sertoriii* ftill convey* a no!)!e
ftream of water to the city. Evora is
featcd in a plealant country, furronnded
on all liilfs liy mountaii'bi, 65 m K by s
Lifbon. Lon. 7 40 w, |,ii. 3S 28 n.

Evoramtnie, a town o(; Portugal, in
Alentcjo, fituate on a rock, b m wsw
Elhcmoz, an«l 13 nnk Evora.

Eu-lio, or Pr«'cious-river, a river of
China, in Pe-tcht-li, which flows nr
into the Pei-ho, at Tien-fing. Much
grain i.s conveyed by thi.s rivir for P*;-
Ifiiig, and it is alio important (or its
connexion with the n extremity of the
Grand canal.

Enpatoria, or Kojlof, a town of Ruf-
fia, in the government (<fTaurida,fituate
tiear the w lide of a fait lake, and on the
Black fiea, 68 in s by w Precop. Lon.
31 16 E, lat. 45 J2 N.

V.upen ; fte (>(pen.

Euphrates^ 'w I'lirat, the principal
river of Turkey in /' (ia, which has its
rife injArmenia, from two fources, called
theKaftaid Wiftl^hrat. Th- former
rifes near Diabin, and flows w ; the
latter iflTucs from thf mountains to the
■w of EVzerum, and .^low.-^ .'^ to Kebban,
where it joins the other branch, and the
united ftrcam is then called th./ Euphra-
tes, or the Phrat. At this jundion it be-
gins to be navigable for boats ; but the
channel is ib roeky, that the navigation
is not fafe I( fiilt divides Aimenia and
Dial bek, from Roinn and Syria; after
which it runf 'lirough Irak Aiabi, and
receives thi '' ipris )t Corna, on the
confines of inc Perfiui j. \ r»vince of Ku-
fiflan ; it iluii flows by B. >Tora, and 35
m behjw enters the pi» f of Perfia. It
is alfo the nl boundary rf the great
defert of Arabia. 1 he Euphrates, after
rtceiving the Tigris, is Ibmetimes call-
ed the Shut al Arab.

Eure, ■'. .lepartment if France, which
include', part of the laie province of
NormanJy. It is fo named from a
river, which rilta in the foteft ofLogny,
in the department of Eure and Loir,
and crfciflTr- thi.s department to its con-
flux with the Seine, above Pont d'Arche.
Evreux is the capital.

K U R

I'nre and Loir, a department of
I'lance, fo called from two rivers by
which it is watered. It contains the
late province of lieauce, and iis capital
is Chartrcs.

E.vnux, a town of France, capital of
the department of Eure, and a bilhop'i
fee. The eathedr.il is a handl()me
flrn(5turc. The trade confiftg in corn,
linen, and woollen cloth ; and it has
maniifadures of cotton velvfis and tick.
It is feated on the Iton, 35 m s Kouen,

Lon.

» 9

lat. 49

aiiu 55 Nw Paris.

2 N.'

EUIiOPE, one of the four grand
divilionsof the world ; bounded onlhc
N by the Frozen ocean, e by Afi.i, s by
the Mediterranean fea, and w by the
Atlantic ocean. Its extent from Cap(!
St. Vincent to the mouth of the Cana,
is near 3400 m ; and from Cape Mata-
pan in Morea to the North C.ipe in Lap-
land, about 2300. It is much lefs than
either Alia or Africa, but liirpafils them
in many particulars. It is entirely within
the temperate zone, except a fmall part
of Norway and Rtiflla ; fo thr.t there is
neither the exceffive heat, nor the in-
fiipportable cold, of the other parts of
the continent. It is much more popu-
lous, and better cultivated, than either
Afia or Africa; is fuller of villages,
towns, and cities; and the buildings
are ftro :;er, more elegant and commo-
dious, i'he inhabitants, eftimated at
I <;o millions, are all whites, and forthe
moft part much better made than the
Africans, or even t'lc Aiiatics. With
refped to their fkill and improvements
in arts, fciences, trade, navigation, and
war, there can be no ccmiparifon. Eu-
rope contains Not way, Sweden. Den-
mark, Great Britain, Ireland, France,
Germany, Pruffia, Poland, Spain, Italy,
Portugal, Hungary, Swiifcrland, and
part of Ruflia and Turkey, befide fe-
vtral ifiandb in the Mediterranean, and
other feas. The languages are the Ita-
lian, French, Spanilh, and Portuguele,
which are dialeds of the Latin ; the
German, Flemifli, Dutch, Swedifh,Da-
nifii, andEnglifh, derived from the old
Teutonic ; the Sclavonian, which pre-
vails, mixed with others, in Poland,
Rufiia, Bohemia, and a great part of
Turlcey ; the Celtic, of which there are
dialeds in Wales, the Highlands of
Scotland, Irelarid, Bretagne in France,
Bifcay in Spain, and Lapland ; the mo-
dern Greei<, and feveral others. The
Tjrincipal rivers are, the Danube, Dnie-
fter, Dnieper, Viftula, Volga, Dwina,
Bog, Don, Scheldt, Rhine, Elb^ Oder,
Po, Rhone, Seine, Loire, C onn«.

epartment of

wo rivers hy

contains the

ind iitt capital

rt'«', capital of
and a liilhop's

a haiidlbme
.ififti in corn,
I) : and it has
Ivi'U and lick.
15 m s Konen,

I 9 K, lat. 49

^c fonr grand
oundtd on ihe
i by Afi.i, 3 by
and w by the
nt from C'apt;
h of tlie Cana,
m Ciipe Mata-
h C.ipe in Lap-
much lefs than
(iirpanisthem
entirely within
i-pt a fmall part
li) lh."t there is
at, nor the in-
r other parts of
ch more popu-
ed, than either
ler of villages,
the buildings
nt and commo-
s, eftimuted at
tes, and for the
made than the
Viiatics. With
improvements
navigation, and
mparifon. Eu-
Sweden. Dcn-
reland, France,
id, Spain, Italy,
wilTcrland, and
1 key, befidc fe-
iterranean, and
^'es are the Ita-
nid Portuguefe,
the Latin ; the
. Swedilh.Da-
edfrom the old
ian, which pre-
trs, in Poland,

great part of | \ v / ■» .» .v\

which there are
Highlands of
agne in France,
pland ; the mo-
d others. The
Danube, Dnie-
Volga, Dwina,
ine.Elbp Oder,
oire, C onn*.

It'

- I

,lfc

Wfl

/k i

I'o 1.'/ y^> J

1

1 *

%

1

\ i

Douro»

vein. 'I

t iiii»«r«
r«nrc|.

flli, and
art* ^Jfo
Moh linn

ili'p.irfiii.

St. DiAM

Jepirtnu?
in ilii-tliK

Tc Wan.1
m Nvr o

nioiinf;iin

Wlir)ftf tof:

i^ the m./l

JV'bacci)

ihf viry (ii

^itM, and

Kfcaf aliiin

by the Kii

tat'Cti by t

the Dutch

by thi Un

or I lie ftti]

Lon. 6] f

dits, luar I

1 -■ i— ^4 ---"^ i,iitnf,"'^»i...«.. _!-.. . ._u.au.—'

^_5 ;,,, *fniit. ,-; .?

T'. X F,

Douroi T.ijo, i;i)rO| Thitmei, .inti S**-
vcrn. Th<* principal Uket Arc thofeof
I'lMiftmiCtr, O'-iif ».i, LiiiCiniif*, Wrnnrr,
I. 'itij^,.!, Niiil OiK'ija. Tl»«' chief miiiin-
i liiiNiire (lie Alp*« Apeiuiinc*, 4ii<l Hy-
rfiifci Tlie pn vailing re' ,;ion it the
Cliriltian, «tivi(l«ii into ihe Oneli, Horn-
iitu .iiid prot) ll.dit ch'jrolic*. Thfr"*
aro ilfn Jew* in cvrry coiiniry, 4n«l
iMohiinriUtiiim i* the cl\.4blillicd r«;-
liKJun (it tlic 'I'lirki.

LuruilU, 4 town of FrancCi ia the
cirpsrtiiii-nt of Upper Mime, 5 m sR
8t. pi/i«

Hiijiitc/iin, .1 town of Fr!inrc» In the
depirtmi'ht ufliu.r, l.ittly of Orrmiiiiy,
in III)' diitliy ot Jtilirr^ a t m Hk Julicru.
Euiialia, St, oMC of Ihc leaft of the
I.trcw.iul lil.irult, id the VV Iiidiei, 10
m Nvr ui' St. Chrinuphir. It it 1
m<>iint;iiti in tin* foiin ot' .1 rii^;ir-loil,
wliofc top i>» li'dlow; yri lor itH fi/c, U
i". the mi(l VHliMbIc of ail thv CiribtcM.
TL'bacoo is ( iiltiv.itrd on its Hdcs, to
thf vfry I'uinmit ; and hoj<n, kids, r.ili-
bitR, and ;4ll kinds of poiiltiy au' in
Kfcat abuiiduDCf. Tliis ill(tiid was l.iken
by the Kiiglilh in i7>m, but ibon alter
takvri by tlio French, and n-ftored to
tl: Iiiifch in 1 ;8j. It wa» u^a'm taken
by tlic Knf;li(h in lUij. It iia-j 4 town
of Uic fame name, with a good fort.
Lon. 6.1 i w, lat. 1731 w.

Eutam, i fmall ifl.ind of tlic VV In-
dies, nt-.ir the v. coalk of Porto Rico-
Lun. 64 41 w, lat. 18 18 N.

I'luthii a town of Lowt-r Saxony, in
HoKh'in, near the fide of a lake, ao ni
NNW Lubtc.

E-uiell, a town in Surry, with a mir-
ket on Thuriday, 6 ir. w Croydon, and
13 ssw I<ondon.

Ex, a river which rlft's in the forcft
ofExmoor, ia Somi'rfeifhirc andleav-
iiig that county, below Dulverton, runs
through Devonlhirc, by Tiverton, Exe-
ter, and TopHi.im, whence it forms an
eltii.iry to the Englilh ch innel, at Ex-
it, jutti.

Exitgr, a city and the capital of De-
vonlhire, on the river Ex, wiih a mar-
ket on Wediiefday and Friday. It was
formerly the feat of the W Saxon kings,
who refidtd in the caltle, called Rouge-
moiit, from the colour of the hill on
which it is built. The city was cn-
compalTed by walls, and had four gales
two of which now remain. With the
fiibiirbs it contains 19 churches, belide
the cathedral, which is a m.igniticent
f.il)ric. It is jroverned by a mayor, and
has 13 companies oftradcfmen. The
niimbir of inhabitants was 20,^05 in
itioi, and ib,^i)6 in liii. Ships of

F. Y R

burden formerly canu* up in the city i
hut Iti port U now At Toplham. $ m
Itrhiw, whence ihrri* \i a c-tnal hy
which velM* of 1 jo toni come up to %

t;ood ()tl.tv» formed n< -tr the citv walU.
t lia« a conlUlerablr m inut.i<:inre uf
ferKi'i and other w(M>llcn ((ooiN, a lari^e
iolion m.iniifartiMv. .md an extcnftve
I'ireiitn .md tlomellic com<nerce It it
7I m »w Hriftol, and i7> w by ■
London. L<>n. ^ 34 w. lat. fo 11 *•

i'-Jtettr, a town of New Himpniirc,
in Rockinf^hatn county, with a ^oku\
h.irbour, on Exeier river, a branch of
th'- Pilcai.'tqua. It hai iVvcral maiui'
fadtureH, and thr liiddlery buliueli \%
carrii-d on to a gn-at extent. Som«^
vt'deU ;<re bin It here, the livvr beinj?
cai>able of floating down thole of '-.O'j
tons. The public editice^ .110 twocon-
gregatioii.il churchc:*, a cel<.'i)rated aca-
demy, and a capac'oun court-houlir- if
ix If, m II w Portlnioiith, and 54 v
fiollon. Lon. 71 ow, lit. 4i 56 n.

i'.xfler, a town of N Carolina, in
New II inovercounly. on ihr nk branch
uf C.ipe Fe.ir river, 30 in w Wilmington.

Exiitfiiil, a town of Fr.ince, in the
depirtineiit «)f Dordopne, ao m nl
Perii^neux, and 3a s Liino^'ci.

Lxilut, a llrong town of Picilmoiit,
with a fortified caltle on a mountain,
which guards one of the psillls intw the
country. It is feated on the nver Doire.
37 m WNW Turin.

Exmotr, a forefk in the nw corner of
Somtvfetlhire, extending thence into
Devonihire. It if» a black Iknle rej^'ion.

Exmouth, a villajje in Urvondiire, on
the B lide of the mouth of tne Ex, n
m ssB Excler. It is much frefjuented
for the benefit of feu-baihing

EifbcnJ'rhitz, a town of Moravia, in
the circle of Znaim, on the river OF
lawa, I X m 8W Brunn
•■ Eydfr, A river and canal that ll'pa-
ratca Germany from Dcnrnark. The
river rilJ's in Holftein, ami Hows vv bf^
Reiifburg, Fredcrii rtadt, and Tonnin-
gcn into thf Cierm.iii ocean. The canal
pafFes K from Reiifburg »o a b'y of
the Baltic, a litile n of Kiel. Tbefc
jointly aflford a lafe inlnid nivij.Mtioii
ac'.'fi. the country, between the Baltic
fea and German ocean.

Eyf^ a boron^li in Suffolk, with a
market on Saiurday. IIer<' arc thi?
ruins of a calUe and a Beiuditffine ab-
bey. The women are eniploye<l in
making bonela^'e. It is ao m n Ipfwich,
and 89 vp, London

Eyf^ a river of Scotland, which rlfei*
in the nw part ol Herwickfhui', and
eiiteri the ocean, at Eycmuuib.

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Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716)873-4503

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F A I

T.iffmtuih, » town of Scotland, in
Berwickfliirc, with a harbour for veirdi
of fmall burden, and a trade in com
imdkelp; fcatt'd at the mouth of the
Eye, 8 m N by w Berwick.

■t'jj/Iau, Dutch, a town of PridFia, in
the province of Obtrland, at the a end
of a lake, 47 m K by N Culm, and 90
ssw Konig/birg.

I'-t//(tu, Prufllan, a town of Prufli.i,
in the province of Natanpen. In 1807,
a mod Lloody brittle w \8 f<jiif;ht here he-
twccn thf French and Ilnflianti, which
termiriatnl in favour of the (oimtr. It
is 24. in s by E Konigfberfr.

I''r//»ou{:en, a town of France, in the

dcpirtment of Upper Vienne, with a

confideiable trade in ikins, leather, and

/rags; feattd on ibe Vicnne, 20 m m

L'mogcs,

Eyndhovcn, a tovn of Dutch Bra-
bant, at the cot flux ol the Eynds with
the Donitntl, 13 rn »E Boi« ie Due.

J\i/ivanoiultzy a town of Moravia, in
the "circle of Oiinutz, 23 m ssw Ol-
miitz.

F.

Faahorg, a tnwn of Denmark, on the
s coaft of the ifland of Funen, 17 ms
Oilcnfce.

Fabriano, a tovi'n of Italy, in the
marquilatc of Ancona, famous for its
excellent paper. It is 25 m nk Foligno.

Facnza, a city of Italy, in Romagna,
and a bifliop's fee, with an old fortrefs.
The cathedral ftands in the great fquare,
and has a fteeple five (lories high, with
baUirt'adts. In 1796, it was taken by
the French ; and afterward taken by
tiie troops of the pope. In 1797 the
pope's troops were defeated and ex-
pelled. Fatrza is famous for fine
earih<nware. It Hand oilheAmona,
20 m V sw Ravenna

Fa/i/un, a town of Sweden, capital of
Dalecarlia. Here are two churches, one
of vvhich is covered with copper. Near
it is a large and rich copper niit.e, deem-
ed the oldeft in Swedtn ; afo a manu-
fadure of preen and blue vitriol. It is
fituate in the midft of rocks and hills,
between ihe lakes R»m and Warpen,
1 10 m Nvv Stockholm. Lon. 15 50 w,
lat' 60 40 N.

Fa'tfo, a town of Cochinchina, and a
place of great trade ; fitunte on a river
that Hows into the bay of Turon) 30
m sE Turon.

Fa'irfitld, a town of Connedicut,
chief of a county of the fams name. It

FAL

was burnt by a party of lories and Briti/k
in 1777. It has a confiderable trade to
the VV Indies, and is iltuate on Mill
Run, near its entrance into Long
Ifland fjund, 50 m ne New York.
Lon. 73 y,o w, lat. 41 12 n.

Fnirpcld, .1 village in Lancafhire, 4
m K Manchcfter. It is a fettlement of
the Moravians, who have a large chapel,
with an organ, &c. The mtn profecntc
various branchea of the cotton bufint fs,
and the women execute tambour and
fine needlework.

Fail-ford, a town in Gloncefterlhire,
with a market on Thurlday. The
church was founded in 1493, by John
Tame, a merchant of London, puipoli •
ly for the reception of fome glaf', tak«n
by one of his velfJs, in a Hiip going to
Rome: it has 28 windows, beautiliiliy
painttd with fubjefls chiefly fcriptiiral,
defigned by the famous Albert Durer.
It is feated near the Coin, 25 m se
Gloucefter, and 80 w by n London.

Fair Ijle, a fmall ifland in the North-
ern ocean, between the Shetland and
Oikneys, from both which its high
towering rocks are vifible. On the e
fide, the duke of Medina Sidonia, ad-
miral of the SpaniHi armada, wa* wreck-
ed in 1588.

FairUy, a village of Scotland, on the
coaft ot Ayrftiire, 12 m sr/ Irvine,
It has a fmall harbour \ and the ftrait in
the frith of Clyde, formed by the coaft
and the Cumbray ifles, is called Fairh 7
Road.

Fulfans^ a fmall ifland in the river
Bidaflba, which feparates France from
Spain. It is alio called the Ifle of C'on-
fcitnce, becaufe Lewis xiv and Philip
IV here fwore to oblerve the peace of
the Pyrenees, in 1660, after 24 confcr-
t nccs between their minifters. It is con-
fidtrcd as a reutral p'tce, and fiiuate
between Andaye and Fontarubia.

Fakenham, a town in Norfolk, with a
market on Thnrfday, fituate on a hill,
by the river Yare, 20 m Nw Norwich,
and 113 NSK London.

Falaijf, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Calvados, with a caftle,
and one of the fincft towers in France.
It is the birthplace of William i of
England, and has a good trade in fer-
ges, linen, and lace. It ftands on the
river Ant^, 20 m se Caen, and 115 w
Paris.

Fiile, a river in Cornwall, which flows
by Grampound and Tregony to Fal-
mouth, where it forms a fine haven in
the Englifti channel.

Falkenau, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of SaaU» with manufai^lures of

r'ics and Briti/k
:rab)e trade to
tuatc on Mill
:e into Lon(;
E New York.

2 N.

Lancafhire. 4
i letllcment of
: a large chapel,
: men profccute
:otton bufirufs,
t: tambour and

jloucfftcrlhirp,
mrlday. The

i493» by John
ndon, puipofi-
meglal't taktn
1 a (hip Koing to
)W«, bcaiitilnliy
liefly fcriptnral,

Albert Diuer.
;:oln, 25 m SE
y N Lonilon.
d in the Norlh-
e Shetland and
which its high
ble. On the e
na Sidonia, ad-
ada, wa» wreck-
Scotland, on the

m NO' Irvinci

and the ftrait in
ned by the coaft

is called Fairhy

nd in the river
.tea France from
the Iflc of Con-
XIV and Philip
ve the peace of
after 24 confcr-
lifters. it is con-
ice, and fiiuatc
ontarabia.
Norfolk, with a
ituate on a hill,
m Nw Norwich,

ranee, in the de-
with a caftle,

ovvcrs in France.

of William i of

)od trade in far-
It ftands on the
aen, and 115 ^

wall, which flows
Tregony to Fal-
8 a fine haven in

f Bohemia, in the
manufailures of

F AL

alum, fulphur, and vitriol ; Tested on
the river £gra, 1 1 m n Kgra.

Falktnbcrg, a town of Sweden, In
Hallnnd, at thi; mouth of the Athran,
on the Categat, 17 m NW Halmltidt.

Fulkenb'rgt a town of Brandenburg,
in the New mark, with a callle. feated
on the Drage, 3* m a by n New Star-
gard.

J^'alienbrrg, i\ town of Silcfia, in the
principnlity of Opptln, with a caftle,
14 m s by p. Hrieg.

luilkunjifin, a tcwn of France, in the
d^'p-trtnient <if Mom Tonntrr'.-, Ittcly
of Gtnnany, iri the county of F^lken-
fteirj. It itands a little to the n of Win-
weilcr, and 24 m w by s Wornig.

falkirk, a lown of Scotland, in Stir-
linglhire, famous tor its tryfts, he!<l
thrice a year; at which 60,000 head of
beeves have been lold Jit one try ft, be-
lide a grear number of (liee]) and horfes.
It is feated near the C'arron and the
Great canal. 12 miles SSE Stirling, and
24 w by N EJinbiirg.

Falklands a corporate town of Scot-
land, in Fiftihire, with Ibme linen ma-
nufaAures. Here are the ruins of a
royal palace, fome apartments of which
are ftill inhabited. It is 24 ni N Edin-
burg.

Falkland J/lanJs, two large idnnds,
fiirrounded by agreat number oCfmaller,
lying in the Atlantic ocean, to the e of
the ftrait of Magellan. The fmaller of
the two large iflands lies k of the other,
from which it is feparated by a channel
called Falkland Sound- Thefe iflands
were probably feen by Magellan, but
Davis is deemed the difcoverer of them,
in 1591. They were vifited by fir
Richard Hawkins in 1594; and in 1765,
commod';re Byron made a lettlemtnt
here; but in 1770 the Spaniards for-
cibly difpoflefTed the Englifh : this affair
was fetthd by a convention, and the
Englifti regained pnireflion ; bnt in 1774,
it was abandoned, and the iflands ceded
ttt Spnin. See Port Egmont.

Falkoping, a town of Sweden, in W
Gothland, 15 m s by £ Skuru, and 6B
list Gotheburg.

Falmouth, a fcaport and the largeft
town in Cornwall, governed by a mayor,
with a market on Thurfday. It has a
noble and extenlive harbour, commu-
nicating with a number of navigable
creeks, and its entrance is defended by
tbecaftles of St. Mawes and Pendcnnis.
It is a place of great traffic, much im-
proved by its being the ftation of the
packets to the s of Europe,and America.
The number of inhabitants was 3684 in
^91, and 3933 ia 181 1. It ftands on

FAN

the F.ile, at its entrance in the EngliiH
channel, 10 m s Truro, and 269 wsvr
London. Lon. j 2 w, Int. ^o 8 n.

Falmouth, a feapcit of M.illachufetl,
in Barntlable county. In 1775, this
town was burned by the Britilk, for
denying them the provifions they de-
manded. It is lituate on the w tide of
u fmull bay, 28 m wsw Barnftable.
Lon. 70 35 w, lat. 41 ^x n.

Falmouth, A town of Virginia, in Staf-
ford county, on the river Rappahannoc,
nearly oppoHte Fredericfburg, and 40
m HW Ali'Ximdria.

Fahnoulh, a town of the ifland of Ja-
maica, on the N coafl,and on the s iidc
of Martha Hrae harbour. Lon 77 i;^ w,
Ut. 1 S 3 I N.

Falmouth, a town of the ifliml of
Antigua, on the s coaft, with a fortified
har!)()ur. Lon. 6i o w, lat. 16 55 N.

FalJ'e Bay, a buy between the Cape
of Good Hope and Cape Fulfe, fre-
quented duri'iR the prevalence of the
NW winds in May. Lon. 18 33 e, lat.

34 'o ^•

Falj>, Cape, n promontory e of t!ie
Cape of Good Hope: Lon. 18 44 v., lat.

34 '/> s.

Faljhr, a fertile id »nd of Denmark,
60 m in circumference, near the en-
trance of the Baltic, lying EofLaland.
Nykoping is the capital.

FaljJerho, a town of Sweden, in Scho*
nen, chiefly known for a li./hthLMile and
its herring Klhery, 22 m s.sw Lund.
Lon. 12 ^8 E, lat. 55 22 n.

Fama^ujia, a town in the ifl md of
Cyprus, and a Greek blfliop's lee, with
a harbour, defended by two forts- It
was taken by the Turk.-, in 1570, after
a ficpe of 10 months, when they flayed
the Venetian governor alive, and mur-
dered the inhabitant!, though they fur-
rendered on honourable terms. It is 63
m NE Nicolia. Lon 35 51; e, lat. 35 10 n.

Famars, a town of France, in the
department of Nord ; near which the
French were defeated by the allies in
1793. It is 3 m s Valenciennes.

Faitano, a town of Italy, in Modencfc,

35 m s Modena. •>
Fanjeaux, a town of France, in the

department of Aude, 14 m w Carcaf-
foue.

Fa?io, a fortified town of Italy, in the
duchy of Urbino, and a bifliop's fee.
Here are an ancient triumphal arch,
handfome churches, and fine palaces.
It is feated on the gulf of Venice, 18 m
£ Urbino.

Fantin, a kingdom of Guinea, on thj
Gold coaft, where the EngliQi and
Dutch have fgrts- Its palm-wine is

H

n'M

)7^ »;7

f

i' «

'•i I'

:E,*-«ai1

li^

PAR

much better and ftronger than that on
other parts of the coaft. The villages
are iiumero js, and the capital is of tlie
fame name, abuut i i m up the country.
The Enj;li(h fort called Anncmabo is at
the month of a river. Lon. o lo k,
lat. 5 5N.

J'aoua ; fe»* Foue.

Faoiiet, a town of France» in the de-
partment of Morbihan, 21 m n by w
Orient.

Fartbam, a town in Hampfhire, with
a market on Wcdnelday. Sloops and
fmnlliT veflcls are built here, and it has
a confiderable trade in coal, corn, can-
va8, and ropes. It ia feated at the nw
point of Porlfmouth harbour, 5 m nnw
Go(port, and 73 \v by s London.

Farfweliy ('ofiet the moft fouthcrly
point of Greenland, at the entrance of
Davis ftrait. Lon. 44 42 w, lat. 59 8 n.

Fareive//, t'o/>f, a promontory of the
idand of New Zealand. Lou. 17241 E|
lat- 40 37 s.

Fargeau, St. a town of France, in the
department of Yonne, with a caftle, 10
m 9JJ Atixerrc.

Farim, a country of Africa, to the s
of the river Gambia. It has a town of
the fime nj"me, on the river St. Do-
mingo. Lon. 14 30 w, lat. \% 10 n.

Farmltigton, a town of Coimcdicut,
in Hartford county, with a large con-
gregational churi.h ; fituatc on the river
Farmington, which below the town re-
ceives the Cambridge, and then acquires
the name of Windlbr river. It is 10
m wsw Hartford, and 34 k Lichlield.

Farnliam, a town in Surry, with a
market on Thurfday. It has a caltle,
iituatcon an eminence, belonging to the
bifliop of Winchefter ; and a royal mili-
tary college, where young officers are
inllruded ir) mathematics, fortiBcatiou,
&c. Farnham is celebrated for its
plantations of hops, and has a great
trade in corn and Welch hole. It is
leated on the Wye, 12 m w Guildford,
and 38 wsw London.

Faro, ai) ifland of Sweden, near the
ifland of Gothland, about 30 m in
circumference, populous and fertile.
The principal town has the fame name,
and is fiiuate on the sfc. coaft. Lon. 19
7 E, lat. 37 50 N.

Faroy a city of Portugal, capital of
Algarva, and a bifbop's fee. In 1596
it was plundered and burnt by the £n-
glifli. It has the greater part of the
trade of the province, and is feated on
the gulf of Cadiz, 103 m « by w Evora.
Lon. 8 o vv', lat. 37 4 n.

Faroer ijlands ; fee Feroe Ijlands.

Faro of MfJ/iuOi the ftrait between

I AY

Italy and Sicily, remarkable for having
the tide ebb and flow every fix hourg,
though but 7 m over. It is fo named,
from the faro, or lighthoufe, on Cape
Faro, and its vicinity to Meffina.

Farr, a town of Scotland, on the n
coait of ."^ulherlandlhire, at the head of
a bay of its name, and the mouth of the
river Navcr, in which is a good filmon
filhery. On the promontory ot Farr
Head is the ruin of a fort. It is 54 ni
N by w Dornoch.

Farrini^don, a town in Berklliire, with
a market on Tueiilay, lc.itcd on an enii-
ncnce. 15 m w Abingdon, and 68 w
by ^f London.

Far/jian, or Farst a province of
Perlia, boimded on the M by Irak, e by
Kerman, s by I.ariftaii, and w by the
Perfian gulf and Kufidan. It is very
fertile in the ctritre ; moumainous on
the N, where are a great number of
wildfwinc; and the hnd fo landy on
the s as to produce little ello than palm-
tne.s. In the forells is a tree from which
maftic is gathered ; and enif raids arc
common. Shiras is the capii'd.

Fartdcl; a town of Arabia Felix, in
H:idrainant, at the foot of a cape of the
fame name, 1 so m e Shibam. Lon.
J I ^o E. lat. 15 30 N.

Fattipour, a town of Hindooftan, in
the province of Agra.. Here the empe-
rors of Hindooftan, when in the zenith
of their power, had a palace ; and on a
hill is a grand mofque, built by empe-
ror Acbar. It is ai m w by s Agra.

Faucigny, a town and caftle of Savoy,
in a dillrid of the lame name ; leated
on tiie Arve, 14 m se Geneva.

Faverucy, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Saone, 8 m n
Velcjul.

Fa'voffnana, an ifland on the w fide
of Sicily. 7 m long and z broad, abound-
ing in good water and frelh provifions.
Several hundred convidts are always
kept here ; and on one part that is ex-
tremely high, there is a ftrong caltle in
which ftate pi-ifoners are confined. Both
fides of the illand afford excellent an-
ch(jrage, and on the n fide is a town.
Lon. 12 25 E, lat. 38 16 N.

Fauquemont ; fee Valkenburg-

Fayal, one of the Azores, or Weftern
ifiands, which fuffcred greatly by an
earthquake, in 1764. The chief town
is Villa de Horta.

Fayence, a town of France, in the de-
partment ox Var, celebrated for its ma-
nufadure of earthen ware; feated near
the Biafon, 10 m w Graire.

Fai/ette,n diftiift of N Carolina, com-
prehending the counties of Moore,

lie for having
:ry fix hours,
, 18 fo n.imed,
nife, on Cape
ItlTina.
111(1, on the N
It the head of
; mouth of the
a good fdmon
mlory ot Far*
•t. It is 51 ni

BeiUlhii-e, with
itcil oil an «'mi-
on, and 68 w

a province of
N by Irak, b by

and w by the
Un. It is very
r\ouiiiai"ous on
nal mimber of
iiid lo I'.indy on
f elfo than palm-

Wie from which
id enit-raldsi are

capii >1-

Arabia Felix, in
: «»f a cape of the
; Shibam. Lon.

if Hiiulooftan, in
. Here the cnnpe-
hen in the /t^nith
palact? ; and on a
built by tmpe-
w by s Agra,
caftle of Savoy,
e name; fcated
Geneva.

France, in the
r Saone, 8 m n

md on the w fide
1 2 broad, abound-
d tVelh provifion!.
ivias are always
le part that is ex-
is a ftrong calUe m
are confined. Both
Ford excellent an-
M fide is a town.

16 N-
'alkenburg-
\zores, or Weftern
ed greatly by an
The chief town

f France, in the de-
lebrated for its ma-
ware; featednear

GralTc.

,f N Carolina, com-

)untie8 of ^00^*='

K1

TEA

(^umberlind, S,»mpfon, Richmond, Ro-
bcfi'ii, and Anfon.

r.iifettr-'ville, A town of N Cuolin.i,
\r\ Cumhtrlauil county, capital of the
diftrl<'.t of Fayette. Its trade with VVil.
minjrtnn is v« ry confi»lrrai)le, to which
it fends tobacco, wlitat, liemp, cotton,
lumber, ftavcs, naval (Ioks, icc. and has
returns of European and ludi in goods.
It is fitnaie on Cri)fB crt-ek, which foon
enters thi- Nwbranch of Cape Fear rivt-r,
50 m s by w Kaicgh, anJ 90 nw VViI-
niiiij(;ton. Li)n. 79 10 w.lat. 35 5 n.

I'ayoum, <>r Fium, a town of K^'Vpt*
capit.il of a pr^ivinct' of the fame name.
It has a trade in Hax, linen, mats, railins,
and figs ; and is fcatt-d on a canal, which
communii'ates with thf Nile, 49 m asAf
Cairo. I.on. .^o ^9 h , lat. :,9 27 n.

hi, St. a town of Spain, in thf pro-
vince of Granuia, built by Ferdinand
dining the liege of Granada. It fnffercd
greatly by an earthquake in iS'^g, and
ftind^ in a fertile plain, near the nvcr
Xinil, 6 in w by n Oran-ida.

/•>, 4V. a city of P,»ragu.iy, in the pro-
vince of Buenos Ayrcs 1 lif environs
abound in filk.corn, wine, fruit, game,
and cattle. It is ft'attd on the Parana,
at the influx of the Salado, 140 m nnw
Buenos Ayres. Lou. 61 10 w, Lit. 31

30 8.

Fe, Sf. *he capit.il of New Mfxico,
and a bi (hop's fee, with a fortri-ls. The
population is eftimated at 4i5co Ibiils,
exclufive of the garrifon. In the cen-
tre is the public Iquare ; on the n tid«
of which is the governor's palace, guard-
lioul'-s, Sec The houfps are genenlly
one ftory high, with flat roofs, anil
have a mean appearance on the out fide,
but fome arc richly furni/Vd Iht
manufaC:fili*C9 in its vicinity arc leathtr,
cotton, coAWe woollen cloth«, blankets,
toh:icco> pottery, and copper vellVls.
It (lands on a river, which 27 m b( low
enters the Rio del Noitt, and is 5 10 n
N CliihuahUa. Lon. 104 53 w, lat. 36

UN.

I'e, St. or St' Fe de Biigota, the capi-
tal of New Granada, and an archbifhop's
fiv, with a univcrfity. It is the feat of
a vice-royalty, the jurifdidtion of which
includesthe kingdoms of New Granada
and Quito, and the whole of Terra
Pinna. The country abounds in corn
and fruit, and in the vicinity are mints
of filver and gold. It is fituate on the
Kiti, which flows to the Madalena, 450
m NE Quito. Lon, 7330 w, lat. 4 6 n«

Feart Ca/>f, a cape of N Carolina,
where there is a dangerous flioal, called,
from its form, the Frying Pah, lying at
the entrance of Cape Fear river. This

FEJ

river is formed by twv> branchei, called
the NW and SK branches, which unite
a^ove Wilmington ; and it enters the
.\'l.uitic below Drunf.vicic. Luii. ;8 10
w, Ut. 33 51 N.

Ftatliurtl, a borough of Ireland, in
the county of Wexford, on the w iide
of the entrance of B.innow bay, aa m
«w Wexford.

Fecatnp. a town of France, in the de-
pirtmeni of Lower Seine, with a trade
in linen, fergcs, lace, leather, and hats ;
n-.iti(| near the Englilh channel, 24 m
NE Havre de Grace.

Fejeest or Fgjee Ijlands, a cluftcr of
iflands :ind rei'fs in the 8 Pacific ocean,
lying I JO leagues Nwof the Friendly
lllands. The lorthctn part of thi»
numerous group, in lat. 15 33 s, was
dil'covi'red by'IafmAU in 1643, and by
him wcrenam-'d Prince William Iflands.
Ciptain l>ligh, in lylj^ fell in with the
molt f.iltern of the FcjeCs in lon. 178
w ; and on hib return from Ot dvite, in
1792, doubled the fouUim,)(k iQand in
lon. 178 E, lat. 19 15 s. He landed net
wherr", a.'id the inanJera in vain iittcmpt-
ed to overtake the Jhip with iht- ir cances,
apparently with hoflile intentions. Cap-
tain Barber, in /;'g4, on his paflagefrom
Port Jackfon to the nw toad of Ame-
rica, diliioviind the weftern p'lrt of the
group; ind faw fix of the iflands. the
largeft in Ion. 175 15 e, lat. 17 30 «.
He anchored iti a bay on its w fid', and
fome natives, who crimc off in a qanoe*
wfre reluiStant to come aboard, and
Iccmpd u'naccuftomed to" trade. The
next day a numb.r of can.ies attacked
••le fliif>, wbund^^d two o\ the crev^

V their arrows, and attc-rhp'ted to

borird ; but the fkvages were repulfed
by the fhips fwivels and f.riall afmi.
The principal iflaiid' is called Fejee;
this md the other large ones appear to
be fertile, and variegated «rirh hills and
vallies. They f>-em to be under the go-
vernment of different chiefs, behl^ fre-
quently at war with each other. The
• ivigation of this extenftvc group, on
every fide, is intricate and dangerous..
Tlie natives are a diftinft race from
thofc of the Friendly idinds ; they
fpeak a difFerent language, and, befide
fpears and clubs, make ufe of bow4
and arrows in batthv, their ftature ii
fupcrior, their complexion darker, and
their hair appro?i-he8 to wool ; they
moreover retain the praiftice of eatint^
the flclh of enemies whom they hav.2
killed, and even maflfacre their prifon^
ers for that purpole. The intercourfij
of Fciee with Xongataboo is becoming
mii^i; frequciU ; The natives df the laltrt
R

H

w^

\^

^f

1

Hp'

V

H

p

;|f

1

Vl

&

;fi

f

'tki

H

li

ilJI

m

JL

y

lip

n

1

i

u

FER

rrfiard \he F< jfcann in fnntrior to tficm-
ft Ivci in milit;try prnwcin and mechani-
cal iii^jf niiif y ; th^-ir weapons and cloth-
ing belli)? Iictter wrought, nnd fom«
ninnnfa(fltireii, efpeclally that of earthen
TefTf l«, hfinn carried on at Fejee, which
•I? not attempted at TongitAbno.

Feira, a town ov PortiifnU in Beira,
10 m «E Oporto, and ,^o N by 1 A»eiro.

Fcluhi\ fee Dorak.

VflcUhchf a town of Gcrmanyi in
Tyrol, capital of a county of tin;
ftme name. It is feated on the III, near
its entrance into the Rhine, iq m s Bre-
ger.x. Lon. 94.) B, lat. 47 10 n.

FeUfhurg, a town and caftle of Au-
ftria, with a fine palace« feated on the
Teya. iR m E Laab.

Feliruda, one of the Lipari Idandsi in
the M«'diterranean, »8 m w Lipari.

Felix, St. an ifland in the Pacific
ocean, lying nnw of Juan Fernandez.
Lon. low, lat. a6s.

Felletin, i town of France, in the de-
partment of Creufe, with a manufacture
of tapeftry, 2* m ssw Evaux, and 21
8tE Oucret.

Fel/in. a town of Ruflia, in Livonia,
on the river Pernau, 6a m »t Revel.

Fe//berff, a town of Germany, in
HeflTe-CtfTel, with .*n ancient caftle on a
rook. 1 2 m s Caffel.

Ftltrit a town of Italy, cipital of
Feltrino, and a bifliop's fee. It is forti-
ffed, and feated on the Afona, 30 m Nw
Trcvifo. Lon. 11 551, lat. 463 s.

Fehr'mt, a diftriA of Italy, lying be-
tween Belunefe, Trrvifano, Vicentino,
and the principality of Trent. It abounds
In mountains, in which are iron mines.
Feltri is the only place of note.

Ftmerttt a fertile idand of Denmaik,
in the Baltic* 10 m long and ^ broad,
feparated from the coaft of Holftein, by
a narrow channel, called the Femern
Sound. Borg is the chief town.

Fenejirange, a town of France, in the
department of Meurte, on the river
Sarte, 40 m E by n Nancy.

Feneflrelltt a town and fort of Pied-
mont, feated on the Clufon, it m w
Turin.

Ftraiad, a town of Pcrfia, in Mazan-
deran. The environs produce fugar,
rice, and filk. It is feated on a river,
near its mouth in the Cafpian fea, 20 m
KNE Sari.

Ftrah, a walled town of Perfia, in
Scgiflan, (ituate in a fertile valley, on a
river of the fame name, which flows into
the lake Zereh, 120 m wnw Candahar,
and 160 NE Zarang.

Firealay or Ftrcula^ a town of the
k'Rgdom of TaBlet, and the principal

FER

place of a diftrifl. It i^ jo m w Suguf-
mcfla. Lon. 430 w. lat ^^i 40 m.

Ferdinandot *>• the capital of the
province of Calcbagua, in Chili. It
was built in i74»» in a beautiful coun-
try, not far from the 'ringuitirics, 9*
m s by w St, Jago. Lon. 70 a6 w, lat.

34 40 s.

Fere, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Aifne, famous for its pow-
drr-mill and fchool of artillery. Near
it is the caftle of St. Gobin, in which is
a manufacture of fine plate-glafs. Fere
is fcalfd at the conflux of the Scrre
anil Oifr, 20 m N Soilfons, and 75 n«
Paris. Lon. 3 aj i, lat. 49 29 k.

Ferenlinot OV Fiorento, a town of Italy,
in Campagna di Roma, 3 m k Alatri.

Ferette, a town of France, in the de-

fiartmeiit of Upper Rhine, on the river
11, near its iburce, 40 m s Colmar.
Fermanagh, a county of Ireland, in
the province of Ulfter, 38 m long and 2|
broad; bounded on the n by Donegal
and Tyrone, e by Tyrone and Monag-
haii, 8 by Cavan and Leitrim, and w by
Leitrim. It contains about 72,000 in-
habitants, is divided into 19 parifhes,
and fends three members to parliament.
The linen manufacture, and the railing
of cattle and hemp, are the chief em-
ploy of the inhabitants. The county ii
navigable throughout by means of
Lough Erne; but the uneven surface,
and numerous bogs, render it difficult
for travelling. Enniikillcn is the capi.
tal.

Fermo, a town of Italy, in the mar-

Jjuifate of Ancona, and an archbifliop's
ee. It has a harbour on the gulf of
Venice, and is 17 m SE Macerata. Lon.
«3 so E. lat. 43 7 N.

Fermoy, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Cork, on the river Black-
wa'er, 70 m NNsCork.

FernambucQ, a province on the K coaft
of Brafil, having Tamarica on the n and
Sergippy on the s. It produces cotton,
fugar, and brafil wood, and Itsimmenfc
plain feeds a great number of cattle.

Femambucot a town of Brafil, capital
of the province of the fame name, and
a biihop's fee. In 1630 it was taken by
the Dutch, who called it Olinda ; but
it was retaken by the Portuguefe. It
has a fiTiall inconvenient harbour. Lon.

35 20 w, lat. 8 13 s.

Fernan Nuntiez^ a town of Spain, iii
Andalufi.i, 15 m SSI Cordova.

Fernando Noronha, an ifland, 100
leairues from the coaft of Brafil, fubjeft
to tht Poriuguef<;. Lon. 32 i^ w, lat
3 56 «•

Ftrnando Pof an ifland of Africa, on

o m w Sugul-

^ I 40 N .

■apital of the
in Chili. It
fautiful coun-
ingiiiiirica, 9*
I. 70 *6 w, lat.

ce, in the de*
us for it5 pow-
rtillery. Near
liin, in which it
^te-glafs. Fere
X or the Serre
'on«, and 75 ***
, 49 29 K.
a town of Italy,
3 tn K Alatri.
ance, in the de-
ine, on the river
[» s Colnrtar.
y of Ireland, In
38 m long and n
le N by Donegal
sne and Monag-
eitrim, and w by
about 71,000 in-
into 19 pariflies,
Ers to parliament,
e, and the raifing
arc the chief em-
u The county ii
t by means of
: uneven surface*
render it difficult
Ikillen is the capi-

Italy* in the mar-
id an archbilhop's
ur on the gulf of
E Macerata. Lon.

of Ireland, in the
the river Black-
rk. ^

vince on the b coaft
narica or the N and
t produces cotton,
d. and itsimmenfe
umber of cattli*.
»n of Brafil, capital
he fame name, aiul
630 it was taken by
led it Olinda ; but
he Portuguefr. It
tent harbour. Lon.

\ town of Spain, in
I Cordova.
ha, an ifla"''- .'°^
aft of Brafil, fubjeft
Lon. 31 33 w. lat

ifland of Africa, on

TER

the coaft uF Benin, .^o m long and ao
broad, i^un. 3 3 r, lat. 3 6 n.

Frrnj, a town of IreLtnd, in the
countv of Wfxford, and a bilhop's fee
united to Lciglin. The c.ttlieilral iti
fmall. and Icrvrs for the parifti church.
It is ('catrd on the Uann, ne>ir it* con-
flux with thcS|»nc-y, 18 m s Wexford,
and ^3 >»w Wicklow.

Feroe Ijlands, a cluftor of i j fmall and
lofty iflands in the Northern occ^n, lu--
tween ^ and 8 vv Ion. and 61 .md 6} N
lat. fiihjedt to Denmark. Sevfntccn are
habitable, each tliviJed from the othtTii
by deep and r.ipid currents. Some of
them are deeply indented with Arcure
harbours, .all of them fteep, and moft of
them faced with tremendous precipices.
They produce agntc, jalpcr, and beauti-
ful zeolites. The furface contifts of a
Ihallow foil of remarkable fertility;
yielding plenty of barley, and fine grala
for ihecp. No trees above the fizc of a
juniper, or rtiintfd willow, will grow
here; and the only quadrupeds are
iheep. Vaft quantities of feafowl fre-
quent the rocks, and the taking of them
furnifhes a perilous employment for
the inhabitants. The exporiH are iidted
mutton, tallow, goofc-quills, feathers,
eider-down, knit woollen waiftcoats,
caps, and ftockings. To the s of thefe
iflands is a condderable whirlpool. The
chief idand is Stromoe.

Ferozaiadt a city of Perfia, in Farfi-
ftan, formerly of confiderable repute,
and yet contains a number of fine
tombs, gardens, and buildings. It is
feated in a fertile country, 60 m s by w
Shiras. Lon. 53 o b, lat. 28 50 k.

Ferrarot a city of Italy, capital of a
duchy of the fame name* and an arch-
bilhop's fee, with a ftrong citadel, and
a univerfity. Its broad ftreets, and
number of fine buildings, evince that it
was formerly a flouriftiing place, but
the prefent in^ubitants are few in pro-
portion to its extent. In the middle of
the city is a palace, furroundcd by
walls flanked with towers and ditches.
The cathedral is remarkable for its an-
tiquity. Ferrara was taken by the French
in 1796 ; in 1799 it was retaken by the
Auftrians, but Ihortly after furrendcred
to the French. It isleated near the Po,
25 m NB Bologna. Lon. 11 36 k, lat.
4450N.

Ferrara, or Ferrarefe^ a duchy of
Italy, bounded on the n by Polefino di
Rovigno, w by Maiituan, s by Bulog-
nefeaiid Romagna,and e by the gulf of
Venice. It had its own dukes till 1597,
when Clement viii united it to the
apoftolic chamber ; but in 1797, it was

F K V

feizcd by th« French, anil is now a part
of the kingdom of Itily. The air it iin-
wholciimic, on account of the m.trihi'*,
and the iuhibitantn an- too few to
drain them. Ferr.ira Ih the rapitil.

Frrreiidiua, a town ni' N iplcs, in Ha-
filiciia, ne.ir the river lialianto, 15 msw
M itcra.

i'erro, or Jliero, the moft wcflwnrd
of the ( anaiy illandi, alv.ut 18 m in
circumference. It is not fertil<s but

f>roduce8 fome corn, liiKai", fruit, an<l
et'umes. The inhabitants make nfe of
water collcfled in cifterns during the
r.iiny feafon, for there is no i'pring in
the idind. Voyagers fpeak of a foun-
tain trc«; in the middle of the idandt
and that in the night much water dif-
tils from its lave*. Some geograpliers
take their firft meridian from the w ex-
tremity of this ifland. Lon. 17 ja vv,
lat. i; 47 N.

Ferrot, a feaport of Spain, in Galicia,
on a bay of the Atlantic. Its harbour
is one of the belt in Europe, and here
the Spanilh fquadrons frequently ren-
dezvous in time of war. The town is
furrounded on three fides by the fea,
and Itrongly fortified on the other. In
1800. the Englilh made an unfuccefsfnt
attempt on this place; and in 1809 it
1" rendered to the French. It is jo m
NK Curunna, and 65 w Kivades. Lon.
8 4 w, lat. 43 a8 N.

Ferrybridge^ a town in W Yorkfhire,
with a noble bridge over the river Aire,
which is the principal pafs into the
north. Itis 31 m s by w York, and 174
N by w London.

terryporty a village of Scotland, in
Fifelhire, on the frith of Tay, 4 m below
Dundee, and 9 nnw St 4ndrew. It
has aconfiderable manufacture of brown
linens ; and a ffrry over the Tay, well
frequented before the bridge at Perth
was built.

Ferrytotun ; fee Creetoiun.

Ferte fur Aube, a town of France, in
the department of Upper Marne, frated
on the Aube. 22 m w by s Chaumont,
and 33 USB Troycs.

Ferte Ala'tfe, a town of France, in the
department of Seine and Oife, 23 m s
Paris.

Ferte Bernard, a town of France, in
the depariment of Sarte, feated on the
Huifne, 23 m ne Mans.

Fejienberg, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of OeU, 14 m mw Wartrn-
burg.

Fethard, a borough of Ireland, in the
county of Tippcrary, 9 m esb Cafliel,
and II NKE Clonmel.

Feverjham, a town in Kentj on a creek
Ra

i

ii ■ '

i,> i'

r «' -X

FEZ

»»( I he M (Iw.iy, much frrqucntftl b/
liit^ll vcn< h. It in a metitbir of tbc pnt
itf DtiVi.r, govniKil l»y a m.iyor, in«i
Imi» u in uktt (in Wt dncfday and S uiir.
day. Here i* t itoMe cliurch in the
forn» of a crofb ; a free grammir-rdioul
loiiiidid by (|uci'ii Elifabi-th ; and the
K-m.Mnh ot .1 I) (ttrly alibey, built by king
Mcphi'n, who was buried in it, witii hix
(|iKcn *m\ fun. It iH famous for ihi- bcli
«»yftcr» for laying in (b-wi ; ard has
fivt'ial ^cnnpowdi-r miilH in itH nii>;h-
bnurhoiid. J.imcs ii embarked here for
France in dili-niff, alter the IucciIh of
the prince of Oraiijrr ; but the vtflM
was del. lint d by the populace, and the
king convi ytd back lo London. Fevfr-
Iham in i) ni w Cantcibury, and 47 k
by s London.

I'euri, a town of FrancPi in the de-
partment of Loire, on iho river Loire,
13 m KNE Monthrifon.

J'ei/Jiriiz, a town and caftic of Gcr-
roany, in Stiriu, on a river of the iamc
name, 17 m nnk Cilley.

Fez, a kingdom of Darbary, 125 m
King, and 120 broad ; bounded on the w
by the Atlantic, n by the Mediterra-
nean, F. by Ajj^itrs, and s by Morocco
.tnd Tafilet. It is divided into nine pro-
vinces, and forms purt (,f tlie empire uf
Morocco. Tlie country ib full of moun-
tains, particularly to the w and r, where
it Mount Atlas; hut it produces citrons,
lemon.s oranges. datCH, almond«, olives,
fip, railins, honey, wax, cotton, flax,
pitch, and coin in abundance. 'I'he
inhabitants arc numerous, and breed
camels, beeves, (beep, and the fineft
horics in Barbary.

Fez, the capital of the kingdom of
Fez, and one of the largeft cities in
Afiica. It is coinpofed of two towns,
Old Fez and New Fez, which contain
about 3X0,000 inhabitants. Old Fez it
the moft conliderable, and New Fez
is pvincipally inhabited by Jews, who
trade with the Moorb, notwithtlandin^
the contempt with which they are
tre.fed Ly litem. The imperial ^alace
is an immenle pile of buildings, enclof-
td by a ftronj,' wall and a deep ditch ;
and there aie liumtrons mofques, one
of which, cilied Cavubin, is one of the
fintil: edificts in the empire. The houfes
are built of brick or flone, with flat
roofs, ai.d adorned with molaic work :
tholt; of brick arc ornamented with
gl r/.ing and colours like Dutch tiles,
and the wood-work and ceilings are
carved, painted, and gilt. Every houfc
lias a court, in which is a fquare mar-
I le bafin ; and the gardens are full of
;iil kinds of fragrant flowers and (hrubs.

F RZ

IlTe are two cnllrgei for (ludcnM,
finely built of marble and adorned witit
painting*. The hofpituli and public
baths are numerous many of whicli
are Uatcly ftri>'*lurcs. The diflerent
trades live in a fepvutr part of thn
city i and the exchange, full of all forts
of rich merchandife, is as large as a
Cmall town. The Mo»)rs of Fez are
clothed like the Tuikii, and. thou(:h
more nolilhed ihun their countrymen,
are vun, fnptrftitious, and intolerant.
Tiic f.iints, whom they pretend to have
bc( n buried in the city, Icrvc them for
a pretext to forbid its entrance to Jewsi
and Chriflians ; and an order from the
emperor is neceflary to gain adinillion.
Arahic is better fpoken here than in
other parts of the empire ; and the rich
Moors find their childien to the fdioolb
•tt F( /, where they gain more inllrue-
tioii than they could do ellcwhere. Fez
is the centre v( the trade of thi.< empire;
and hence caravans go 10 Mecca, carry-
ing ready-made garments, leather, in-
digo, cochineal, and oftriches feathers;
for which they bring in return hlks,
mnnins, and drugs. Caravans alfo go
to roinl)U*;to(), and other parts of the
river Nigi r : th;:y travt 1 over Inch dry
barren dclerts, ihat every other camel
carries water ; and the commodities
are fait, cowries, wrought filk, Britifli
cloth, and the woollen manufactures of
Barbary. Fez is li-ated in a valley wa-
tered by the Scboo, and furrounded by
hills, 240 m Nk Morocco. Lon. 5 35 w,
lat. 33 40 N.

I'tza, a town of Perfia, in Farfiftar.,
where the cultivation of the finefi to-
bacco is carried to a great extent. It is
86 m SE bhirab.

Fezzan, a kingdom of Africa, having
Tripoli on tin- n, and CafTina on the s.
It is ai: extenlive plain, encompafled by
mountains, except tothe w ; and to the
influence of thefe heights it may be
owing, that here, as well as in Upper
Egypt, no rain is ever known. Though
the character of the furface (which, ia
general, is a light fand) and the want
of rain, may feem to announce fterility,
yet the fprings are fo abundant, that
few regions in the n of Africa exhibit a
richer vegetation. The greateft extent
of the cultivated part is about 300 m
from N to s, and aoo from E to w.
From wells of 10 or 15 feet deep, with
which every garden and field is furnilh-
ed, the huibandman waters the produc-
tions of his land ; among thel'e are the
date tree, the olive, lime, apricot, pome-
granate, fg, maize, barley, wheat,
pompions or calabalh, carrots, cucum-

jriitd witl»
nil puhllc

of wUtcli
c ditlereiit
;,rt of thr
of all f«"l«
liirjje M *
[>f Fez are
,il, lholl^•h
(luntrymetif

intolerant.
Lind to have
ve ihrm for
incc to Jews
JtT from the
in acliniflion.
^er<; than in
and the rich
othelc'»oi)lu
Tiore inUruc-
fcwheri'. I'*./.
f ihii empire ;
Vlicca, carry -
, leather, in-
thea feather* }

return hll4»»
•avana alfo go
r parts of the
over inch dry
y other cancel
. commodities
ht filk. Britilh
iianufaiturcs of
n a valley wa-
lurroundtd by
Lon. 5 15 w,

inFarfiftar.,
Tihe fincfi to-
it extent. It »»

Africa, having
afliiu on the s.
inconipafled by
■w; and to the
his it may be
;U as in Upper
lown. Though
■ace (which, in
and the want
lounce fteriliiy,
I abundant, that
Africa exhibit a
I greateft extent
[is about 300 m
from s to w.
feet deep, with
ji field is furnifti-
[ters the produc-
Ug thcle are the
L apricot, pome-
barley, wheat,
carrots, cuwUiu-

riA

ber<, rntoni, and garlic Among the
lame .ininula arc tlic (herp, cow, go,«t,
camel, nfa, iind a rpeclea of the dn>
mrftic fiiwl of Europe. The wild ani-
mals .ir** thr odrich, and antclnnet of
T.irion« kin«l«. A mullitndf of mix-
ioiM aninn.4l!i infed thccDinifrv : addni,
fnakeK, fcorpioni, .hhI londi fw.trm in
thtf firldi, gardent, and hoiilrH ( the air
i« crowded with nioAjiii'toi { and per-
iona <if tviry r;«nk are* ovcrru'i with
vfrmin. The hr.u of tiie flirji;iti' in
fummfT i^ intrnir, and the < wind ia
A'arcely fnpportahle tvcn by the ii.i-
tivrs ; aiiil in winter a pern'tr.itiiip n
wind prrvaill, which t!riv<'8 to the fire
evrn th»* natives «>t a northern connry.
Tompcftiof wind arc freqnmt, which
whirl iipthe fand and dull fo a9 topive
a yellow tini;f to the atmofph'-rf The
tcvvn^ a'echiefly iiihabited by hnfbaiid-
nnn and Jhepherch ; tor tlioijjrh tlwy
aifo contain merchants and arlificcrn,
yet agiiculture and piftnr.igc art* thf

gr'iitipal occnpationi. Tlu- honfrs are
uiltotclay, with a flnt mof, Cdinpnlid
of b )Ughs of trees, on wliicli a qiiai'tity
of earth is laid. The natives ar • of a
(livp I'warthy complexion ; their hair
a fliort curly black, their lips thick,
their nofes flat and broad, and their
Ikin em'tU a '-tid < fniivi:»; the'y are tall,
ami well-fhaped, but weakly, indolent,
and inat^ive. Their drefn is fimilar to
that of the Moors of Barhary. In theit
common interconrle, all diftindioni of
I nnk feem forgotten ; the fhereef [go-
I vernor] and the lowcft plflxian, the rich
laiu! the po^r, the malter .md the I'er-
vjnt, converfe tainiliMrly, and eat ;ind
drink together. Geiirrous ard hofpi-
tiblc, let his fire be fcanty or abund;;'it,
llhe Fezzaner is dcfnous that others
illiDuld partake of it; and it" jo pjrl'ons
jwcre unexpedcdiy ttj vifit his i)w»-llinjr,
Ithfy mult all participate as far as it
|»ill go. When they ftrttle their money
llnmraftionnjthi'y f(ju,Kupt>n thegrmind,
Inil having levelled a ipot with their
jhiuls, make dots as they reckon : if
J'ii'y arc v.ron^T. they fiviooth the fpot
Iwn, and repent the c ilculation. Gold
ri.(l conllitntcs the chief medium of
Ipiymcnt ; and vnlue in that medium is
lilwnys exprcfTed byweiglit. In religion
l*ty are rigid, but not intolerant Moha-
pcians. The government is monar-
|A' il ; and its powers are adminiftcred
l»ith fuch a temperate hand, that the
|<opIe are ardently attached to their
Wreign. Mourzouk is the capital.
i'iano, a town of Italy, in the patri-
mony of St. Peter, feated on the Tiber,
im N Rome.

Fir.

TlnHona, a town of iftr'ai en Ihc *#

coa(», 17 m N IV. 1 1.

iiflfctne, a town of fi.i'y, ni 'he pi-
trimony of St Peter, nolrd for fine muJ-
culine wine i feated on a mount tin near
LiLe Holfena, i»m nv* Vitvrho.

i'ichrrulolot a fortified town of Italy,
in Ferrarcfc, feated on the Ho. la m w
Ferrara.

I'li/itflbfrjf, a mo\uifaiM in Francot,i«,
one oi the highefl in rjtr.naiiy. Ifi
riilge ertends from ne ir Beru'li to
K^er, in Bohemia, about 16 m, and it
itt covered with pines and other trcci.

Fii'/r-<wier, an illand near the w coift
ot Norway, am long and 4 br«>jd,
with a town of ihe lame name, 4H m
WNw D.ontheim. Lou. 10 ^o r, l.ir.
6j 44 N.

I'irranztiolo, a town of Italy, in Par*
mcftn, fo m se Piacen/.a.

J'ifu'nli, a town of Tnloiny, in FIj*
rentino, fmini ly a cclehr.ited city, it
flill retains its cpifcopil honours, and
(lands on ;lic fummii of ;i hill, ^ in Nii
Florence.

J'i/r/ibire, a county of Scotl.'iid, ,? ; m
long and 16 in its greatefl breadth ;
bounded on the n by the frith of Tay, K
by the ocean, i by the frith of Forth, and
w by the counties of PvTlh andKinrof^.
It is dU'ided into 6^ parifhes, which
CO tained 9.^743 iniiahit.inta in 1801,
and 101,272111 18 II. Il IS watered by
feveial (Ireams, bjt nonr d^ferve the
name of rivers except the liden and
Leveii. The foil is fertile ; it abounds
In cattle, coi'l, iron, lime, andfi\*eftoue ;
axl has many Houiilhing manufr.cHures.
The number of towns is alinoll iinparal-
lel'tl in an ecpiul tr.iilt of coall ; for
from Culrofi to Criil. about 50 m.isoun
continued chain of towns and villages,
(^ipar is the county-town, and Dun-
lerfulin the largeft.

Fij^riri, a town of Corfica, at the
mouth of a river of the lame name, a*
m WNW B,)iiiracio.

l'\i^nruoIo, an illand in the gulf of
Venice, near the <:oa(t of litria. Lou. 13
47 y, lat. 45 18 w.

I'f^cac, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lot, with a Rcncdi(fline ab-
bey ; feated on the Sclle, 22 m e Gahors.

J'ii^hi.Jt a town of Barbary, in Bile-
dulgerid. The inhabitants carry on a
great trade with the merchants of Mo-
rocco and Fez, and with the Nogroo.
It is 240 m ESE Mequinez. Lon. 1 5 w,
l.it. 32 20 N.

Figueras, a town of Sp.iiti, in Cata-
lonia, near which, on an eminence, is a
ftrong citadel. It fnrrendered to th«
French in 1794) without firing a fliot.

r I'l f '• ■'"

riN

In »Hii,ihc French, by Irf.nhfty.wrre
driven luit of it h> the Hp.ini«iili, who,
aftrr a rigorous lilocliadc, ucrr nhligcd
l«> Currciic'cr it .igaiii to the French. It
U 14 in w Knfii.

Fivuern Jut t'inhni, n town of Portu*
gall in KnrciMmlura, celfhiatcd for itx
winr ; (c itiil Minon;; mr>iint<iinii, ite^r
ihr river Zizrjo, n m n Turnar.

h'iltei, u town of Jliingaiy, in t1i<;
county of Nov'^iMiI, fcatcd on ihe Ipult
as m www Ai:ria.

l-inalt. a i<';<|)()it of 0«*noa, witli a
fliniig cifailcl, two I'mli, and 1 c.lftle>
It wui the cnpiial of .1 mar(|>iiritr, an-
nrxt;d to the duchy of Milan in \(^o^,
but fold ti) thcG' nocfi' in 171 \. In 17461
it wai taltcn hy thi* Idn^; (J Sudinia,
nnd rcftoicd in r74fl. It U .40 m ftW
Genoa. Lon. H 10 i- . hi. 44 14 n.

I'inale, \ town of Ii.dy . in Modem fci
na«n illand formed hy the river Panaro,
3i m N K Modena.

i'incajlUt a tuwn of Virginia, chief of
Bftctuurt county. It i.. fitiiatc on Ca-
tabaw crcd:, which flows into James
jivir, ;^6 m bw Lexington, and 140 w
Kichmnnd.

Findhorn, .1 rivfr of Scotland, which
lifeH in Invernt-fbihire, crolFffS the nw
part of F.Iginfhirc, forms a lake ntnr
Ft)rri(», anil then enters the frilli of
Meray, at Findhorn.

Findhorn, a village of Scotland, in
Clkfiuniiir, at the mouth of a river of
the fame n.inu', 4 m Nw Forri'r. It is
the port of Forrei, and the harbour has
a fhilting bar, which prevnts fhips of
great burdm from entering.

I'ini/lcrret L'apft the mod wcft< rn
cape of Spain. It wasi thought by the
ancients t:> have no cuuntiy beyond it,
and therefore they gave it a name whic)i
fit^nifits the Lands-end. Lon. 9 i; w,
lat. 4% 54 N-

Finijltire, a dfparimcnt of France,
which includes part of the late province
of Brctagne. It is ihe mod wefterly
part of France, and bounded on three
fides by the fea. Quimper is the capital.

Finland^ one of uie five general divi-
fions of Swede." ; bounded on the n by
Swedifh Lapland, k by W'burg, s by
the gulf of Finland, and w by that of
Bothnia. It contiiins the provinces of
Finland Proper Fail Bothnia, Tavaft-
land, Nyiand, an(4 Savolax, and a part
ofKexholm. In 1808, this divifion was
invaded by Rufii.i ; and the Swedes.
afte«* various battles, were neceffitated
to give it up by a convention. In 1809.
a treaty of peace was concluded be-
tween the two powers, and the whole
of the country, with the fea of Aland,

and all iilands at an ti\\n\ di(Vflnc<* frnm
AUiid and Finland, were ceded, to
Hiidi^. But ihiscefTion, diiriiiK the pre*
lent un(<:tilcd Ibie of territory, awaiis a
ir.oie general peace.

Ftnlnnd l'rofer,% province of Sweden,
in the •<» part of the divilion of Fin-
l.ind, having the gutt of Finl.uid on the
s, and that of Bothnia on the w. It in
i6e m long and 90 broad, and the foil
fertile, with fc •era! tine lakes and iiv<r«.
On p:<rt of the cujil i<. ,1 rich pearl Hlh.
cry { and the principal con.mrrce ii in
corn, cattle, talc, linen, and yarn Itock*
ii.gs. .\boU the capital.

Finland, Hujffian \ fee tfihiirt^-

Fintnark, the w part ot Dandli Lap.
lainl. in the government of Wardhuy^.

Finowt a town of Brandenburg, in
the Ucker mark, with a canal, by which
the Oder and Havel are united. It is 28
m NW Cultrin.

Fionda, a town of Afiaiic Turkey, in
Natolia. and a billK^p's fee, on the gulf
of Satalia, 35 m >*w hatalia.

Fiorenzo\ fee Fertntino-

Fioifuxo, St- a icaportof Cnrflca, df.
fendid by walls and a tower. It was la-
ktn by the FngliOi and ('orficans, from
the French, ill 1794. It is; m w BalUa.

Firoji/iour, a town of Ilindooftan, in
Mouli..n. fcatcd on the Setlege, at the
inllux of the Bey ah, 20 m w Debalpour,
and i/io K by n Moultan.

FtJ^ Ui-ver, drfot, a river of Africn,
which rifes in the unknown interior re-
gions, divides Caffrena from the coun-
try of the Hottentots, and enters the In-
dian ocean, in lat. 33 24 s.

Fi/herro<w, a town of Scotland, 4 m e
Edinburgh, on the w fide of the Elk,
oppofltc MuHelburg, to which it is con-
nected by a bridge.

Fi/ien Ij/and, in Long illand found,
oppolite to Stonington harbour in Con-
nedlicut. It is 10 m long and 2 broad,
with a fertile foil, and annexed to the
town'fhipof S6uthold, in Long Illand.

Fifhguard, a feaport of Wales, in
Pembrokefhire, with a market on Thurf-
day. Here is a fmall fort and a good
pier, with every convenience for (hip-
building, and a trade in herrings, corn,
and butter. In 1807, fome French fri-
gates landed about i aoo men here, but
without field-pieces, and they were all
taken priibncrs. It is fituatc on a deep
clifF. on a bay of St. George channel, at
the inRux of the Gwayn^ 16 m nk St.
David, and 257 w by n London.

Fijhaufen, a town of Pruflia, with a
royal caftle, feated on the Frifch Haff,
ai m w Konigfberg.

Fijhkill, a town of New York, in

Duch(
name,
Nl.jr.

Long inand found,
ton harbour in Con-
n long and a broad,
and annexed to the
Id, in Long Ifland.
aport of Wales, in
h a market on Thurl-
nail fort and a good
onvenicnce for Ihip-
de in herrings, corn,
Jo7,fomc French fn-
t I aoo men here, but
:8, and they were all
[t is fituatc on a ftcep
,t.G«orge channel, at
Gwayn, 16 m NEbt.
by N London,
vn of Pruffia. with a
i on the Frifch Haft,

FLA

Duchef^ county, on a creek nf the rtnie
name, 5 m from iludlori livcr, and y>
M l.y » Hfw York.
tij/atti, » fi-apori of R,irh«ry, in the

(iroviiicvuf Tripoli, go m nw Trip •.
«r»n, 11 10 r, Ut n no M.

Fi/if/irt, a furliHrd town of M')rocc«»,
which h^iagrrat trade in fiiieg.irments.
It ii 1)5 m NK MkMUccu l.un 5 35 k,
lit 4» »7 N

I'ltchburg. a town of Mafr.icliiiftts,
in Worctdtr c«>uiity, 17 m w Wur-
ccflcr, aiiti .18 NW Bolton.
Fium \ Ire h'aifoum.
Fiunie, or St. yi-it, a fi'tpnrt of Iftria,
with A c.iftif, ami many nnc chuichm
and c 'nvent It i» noted for wine,
|ood ft)t*. and other friiitt \ and ha^ a
Ing.ir ictiiH'iy, and a wax in.iiuit'iiiliire-
Th< hailtonr in tornn-d hy tlu; river
Fiuma ,1, wiiic I rntem ih • bay of C^r-
ntro. Ir m 47 m E Capo d'ldria. I.on. 14
IS •-, Lit. 4S iH N.

Fiuntecino. a riviT of It^ly, in Ro
migna. fiirmrd of thff Firuti-llo, Hii-
fonr, and Hurco, uhich flow between
Crfena and Savignano, and foon after
unitf; the Fiumciino ihcn flown nb,
and enters the gulf of Venice, 14 m to
the Nw j)f Rimini. Thi8 river ii the an-
cient Rubicon, which was the bound-
ary betwe<*n Cifalpine Oaul and Italy.
Here Julius Csefar palTed, on his re-
turn from Gaul, and caft the die that
g»ve him thi; command of the Roman
empire.

rladjirand, a fcaport of Denmark, in
N Jutland, with a harbour defended by
three forts. It is 30 m nni:: Alburg.
Lon. 10 19 e, lat. 57 33 v.

Flamborough, a fa<ilory of the Hudfon
Bay Company, on Hayes river, ;• m
from its mouth, on the w Gde of Hud-
fon hay. Lon 90 5 w, lut. 36 8 n.

t'lamhorough lleadt a lofty promon-
tory on the coaft of Yorkfhire, whofe
fnow-white cliffs are fcen far out at fea,
and afford fhelter to innumerable multi-
tudes of feafowli. The lower parts con-
tain vaft caverns, and on the fummit is
alighthoufe, 5 m ene Burlington. Lon.
0 II v., lat. 54 8 N.

FlanderSf a country of the Nether~
lands, io m long and 50 broad ; bound-
ed on the N by the German ocean and
Holland, E by Brabant, s by Hainault
and Artois, and w by Artois and the
German ocean. The principal rivers
are the Scheldt, Lys, and Dender. It is
a level country, fertile in grain and paf-
ture, and very populous. The chief
manufactures are beautiful table linen
and fine lace. It was divided into
Dutch, Auftrian, aud French Flanders;

VIA

thi* litter WIS compieherided in ihr At-
|)4rtin< nt of Nord, on the new ttiviiion
oi France in 1791 ; the other two htvr
llnee b'-i n annexed to ih^l CiMiniry, and
conUitutc the new itcpartnivntt ot Lyi
and Scheldt.

I'lalbujh, a lown of New York, chief
of Kmg county, Long llbml Here is
a Dutch church, a eourt-liituie, und
Kntfrnui hall, the moft (lourilhin); Aca-
demy in the (Ute. The Arnericanii wfic
defeated near thii place by the Untilb
in 1776. It ii (\tuate aniiit garden-
groiiuds, 5 in % by r. New Vork

I'laHrrt/, iUifit, on «ln« w cojU ttf N
Aineiica, fo named by ( uok in 1778,
heeaule it promifrd at a difLince wh.tt
it denied on a nearer approach. Lon.
laa JO w, lit 4H 10 N.

i'lavi; »ff% a town of Francf", in the
dep.irtmiiit of C6tc d'Or, with a D»;«
ncdiCline albey ; fe.ited on a mountain,
by tlie river ()/,.r.iin, 27 m wnw Dijon.

I'ltuhf, ii ti(wn ot Fi.mee, in the dr-
p.irimcnt of .Sirte Here wa« a nol»le
colltge, liuill by Henry iv ; the centre
is now converted into. vtownhoufe, and
one of the wings rebuilt us a fcminary
for youth. It is fentcd on the Loire, aa
m saw Ma 1, Lon. 0 3 v» , lat. 47 39 w.

Fltckerot, or Flnkeren, an illaril in
the North fea, near the coaft of Norway,
Between the ifland and the cont'iient is
a mofl excellent harbour, detVnded by a
fortrel's. Lon. 8 18 k, lat. jH ^ N.

Fleet, a river of Scotland, in Kirk-
cudbrightfhire, which iffues from a fmall
lake of the fame name, and enters Wig-
ton bay, below Gatehoule. On its w
fide are the velliget of a camp, a druid-
ical circle, and a vitrified fort.

Flenjburg, a feaport of Denmark, in
the duchy of Sleiwick, with a flrong
citadel, and a harbour on a bay of the
Baltic It is a place of great commerce)
15 m MNW Slefwick. Lon. 9 47 E| lat.
54 54 N.

FUurance, a town of France, in the
department of Gers, on the river Gers*
13 m N Auch.

Fleurui, a village of the Netherlands,
in Namur, 6 m ne Charleroy. Here,
in 1690, a victory was gained by the
French over the allies; and in 1794,
the Aufh-ians were defeated in a general
attack of the French pofls.

Flie, or Vlieland, an iHand on the
coafl of Holland, at the middle of the
entrance of the Zuider zee.

Flinty a river of the f\ate of Georgia,
which riles in the country of the Creek
Indians, runs sw, and joining the Ca-
tahouchee, at its entrance into £ Flori-
da, forms the Apalachicola.

i

• 'If

?L0

Wl»»^ » SorrtUfh of VViIei. In FltnN
fttirr, t*hl»h |{tvr» n»mf to thr toiinty,
though now .1 Irriitt pi k'.', .ind witlwxit
a m:irllf>t. Ir h4<« till* roitnty.yittl, hut

th.' afli/r* arf hrUI .•» Mi. Id Hire nrt
th*- rcm.iint of a roy.il cllUr, in which
Riw:h.ird II took lh»'l'ft on nrriving from
IrfUnd i but nn invlnff It he Wiia tie*
Iivcrfil into th* hin«l« of niii rlv.iK nftrr.
w»f<\ llrnry iv it ft'indionn rock cl'/e
loth« Ic.ifindii i;'»v'rn. dhy .1 confliMi',
who ii nll>) nniyor ol »hr town. The
niimhi-r of inli.-ibii4iit 1 wjg 11A9 in
I (to I, .tnd 14) t in iXri. It 14 ttMt''d
on ihf f flii»ry of thi- Dev, ij n» tv liy M
CttPlWr, and 19? wvv London. I.on. j
• w, l.n. <j 1^ N,

Flinl >irf, ,1 county of W.df*, J9 m
long and i> wlirrr l>rr)i«lrft ; houndid
on thr N by thi» liHh Icii, hh .ir»d r. hy
the riviT Dee, which diviilcn it from
Cheftiirr, :ind » ami iw by DndxRhOiiM*.
A d« t^clicd p.iit alfo rxtrndi on the K
fide of the Di'f, about 9 m bftwtfn
Chtlliire And Shroplhire. The county
coutain* !()■;, jftn acreii ; I1 divided into
fivi'hundtedi. and 11 pirifliem hina city
Mnd three market towns ; and lctuUt«o
members to parli.iment. The nnmbi r
of Inhabil^infn wan ^9,612 in iH.ti. ainl
46, '^ 1 8 in iHii. A lofty ran)j<* ol mcMic-
tains rifcs on the w, and fomn a l)old
frontier. The vrdlryi are f<rtile. ard
contain coal and fr«elh)nc ; thr hil! 1
■ro penerally b.irrcn on the fiuf.u-r, but
abound in Icid, cat.iminc, and lime-
ftone. The detached part if m«'(Hy a
level country. The princip-d tndc is
mining and Imeltinp It produces pood
butter, cheef**, and honey, of which l,i(l
the natives make a wholcfou)'' bevcr.<i;«
calb'd Mftheglin Theprincipal rivns
are tho Clwyd. Wheeh r, Pee, St vion,
£lwy, and Allin. The ani/c are held
at Mold, and the largcfl town is Holy-
Avell.

F/ix, a town of Spain, In Citdonia,
flrong both by n.irurt and an. It Itiiuls
on a peninfula formed by the Fbio, <nd
the fide where the riv. r «loes not p «fs
Is covered by mountains, ?n\ delendcd
by a caftle- It ib i^) m n Tortoli.

i7(7</^o«, a village in Northumbfrlai'd,
1; m NNw Wooler. Ncdr this place a
battle was fought between the rjiglifli
and Scots, in 1513. in which James ir
was killed, with many of his nobility and
10,000 men.

florae,^ town of Fr-ince, in the de-
partment ol Lozcrc, 1.3 m s Mendc, and
13 Nw Alais.

Florence^ a city of Italy, capital of
Tufcjny, and an aichbifhop's fee, with
a citadel) and a univerfity. The cir-

?L<)

ciimf^re nee !• »hoiii A m, furTonn.!<»i| \\j
% wdl nnd .1 ditch, with two or Ihrro
fnrti th4t comm intl a pirt of the town.
It U itividrd into two iittiqu.d paili, by
the river Arno, over which are four
h.tndfome bridg*»«, The onayi, the
buildings on each (Ide, and ih'* briilvr',
render the part throush which the liver
run. by far the Hncrl j but there %%p
fevrrjl f.|uarr«, and mmy churches «»i<l
piUres. Thecithedial is«)f gr<'iit mag*
niiude, and adorned with ihe works of
the mo(^fr«inellf fculptorsand p-itnteri;
but it« prinoip tl ghiry ii its dome, built
prior to that of .St Peter's at Rome,
and little inferior ti) it In I'iinern niN.
This noble fabric Oood for fomc time
nni(|Uilled. and now claims the fecond
honours Theoihtr churchis coui.iin
r'ch paintings and fculptureu; ;ind firar
that of St. Lorenzo it the Mtdiii-an
ch iprl.oneot thenui|\ exp.*n(i\c ulifiies
that ever wa» tcired f r the ile id, beiii|j
included with pr«» ions lloms, hirnilli.
ed with (arcophigi t f pnrphyty, ;ind
a<!>.rni'd by thi- woi kni.billiip of the b' (I
modern fcidptors. ^om^; of thv Hf-
reniine merchants, lormerly, were nun
of grcit wealth . aiul one of them, in
the 13th crnttiry, built th.it n.bic
r.d»ric, wltich, from thr rarne of its
founder, is Itill ctlUd the P-da/zo Pitti.
It 'Aas afferw ird pun liaicd by the Mt*.
dici tamily, who ni xle f mi' ndarjce.
mints; and it ihinn briMoie the riTi.
(lincc of the crand dukes of Tiifcuiy.
The Palazzo Vec»;hi> coiilains a room
i7i!tit hing and 70 wide, for public
entertainments. 'J'hc litauties ami
nrheH ot theli' palacci, in archit<«(Jhirt,
literature, painting, and (i nlptnre, have
been oltm difctibed ; but belme tlir
year iSo;j, all defeiiptio-i fell fliort nf
their contcnla. 'ihe cehbraicil Vcmu
of Medici, the ftand ird of feuiaic
beauty, (food in a roo.n railed the Tri-
bune; but this with 60 '.thiT inaftri-
piccenof fculpture were, by a-voil-timtil
priCautii n, conveyed to P.dcrmo ; and
many others were afterward, by the
French, tr,»n(ported to P.iris: the niaf-
tcrpiects of painting alio fhared tlie
lame fate ; but many excellent flatuc*
and paintings flill rcttiain. The other
n.oms arc indicau-d by their ct-nteiit- ;
as the cabinet of arts, (<f aflronoiny,
natural hiftory, med ds, portraits, nor*
celaiii, antiquities, &c. H-fide the Ale-
dictan library, t)cgun by Julim de Me-
dici, atid greatly augnunted by d'llte
Cofmo I, thTe are fevt-ialo*hcr copious
librarie*!, cfpecially thofc in tlie two
Iknedidllne and Carmelite convcn's.
The riorcntine Academy :ind the Aca-

"^^ -^^Z^-SJl^H^

tirmla delU ('rtik'4 wtre iiinUutc*! lo
enrich the liUraturr iml impritve lhi>
UngtMirr of TuJcany, Tht Mulciim
ot' ii.itiir^l hift If* i« onr of thr mud
complt-tenl the kmil|4riit iirm'xrtl lo it
i* .1 t. ibirut rir.rMl'iitiicat pfrpiriilioii*,
ilffmrd thr fUn ill F.urnptf, 1 hr m%-
niif.u'tiitfn of I'liiencr .in- chiiMv liiki,
Mtitii, I, I'M and lilvri 'lutlkitiHt il;«n>.ilk
t>l)!rcioth< i atii! it .u* m contidrr idlr
tr.uli ill frii||int»tixc«ll«'i,t wihft. 'I he
iiili.ibiftnf* 4rc cftimUfd ui <ij|CO > » and
Ihr fiivifMhi an* ricli in riiril b«iiiity,
;iii<l V ry populoiM. Fiflfi 0 m to t|i«
Ki Iruhdi'imcd in th»' Ap«'nnin*'« aliovc
the val'mf Arnt*, i» III* f.imcd iKI>f y nf
V.illdiTi^iort, which from iti wild .i.'ut
riim.iiitii; (ornery In fiippulrd t'l have
tiiinilli -d Mittun with thr nriKin il of
liiit l».ir,'dire. In lyi^y, th'* French
iKinp", then in pofli-lh.n nf ihi^ liiy,
wtri" iliivrii out liy Iheinhihit.mfi; bm
llify ri'-int«re<l it in iHof>. and Ij^-viiinp
ni llm of all Tiircitiv. Flor'-ticc in 4^
m H I)<)ln);n.i, utid ij"; nnw Rome.
1,011 1 1 ^ h, i.it 41 .j6 N.

I'/orntt, St. ,1 town «/f Frnnc, in tl'c
i!i-p:irtmt'nt»)f M.iynmr and I.oii»', with
a Uiiitili'.'Hnr .ibl cy ; Uatcd ci the
L'lif, ;o n» w«w Aii^crH.

t'/ori-niint, St. n town of Fnnce, hi
the dtpiitmcnt ofYinm*, at the con-
flux of flic AimanCf ;ind Arm.ui(;')n,
ij m NK AiixciTi', ind Ho m. Piris.

l/orf/tlino, one of the thn:r provinces
of Tiifc.iny ; bounded on tin- w by the
republic of Liicca and Modctu'lr, n
by the Aponnint's, e by the diicliy of
Urbino, and » by Sictincfi.'. It is well
watered, and very fertile. Florence ia
the dpitai.

I'lorfs, an ifland of the E Tndiei, 180
ni lun|,' and 45 bro.«d, lying to the K of
that of Ciimban.i. On the s fide, near
the li end, is a town named Larautuca.
Lon. Ill 56 t, Lt. 8 ao ^.

i'lorej, a fcrlilt.! illand, one of thr
Aziii's, lo c.illed from the .ibiinlantTof
flt.weiH foiiTiil upon it. Likens is the
moll popiiloiia town, but bt. Cru/. in
the capit>.l. Luu. 3 t o w, lat, 2,() 4.5 N.
I'iorida, a ciuntry of N y\merica, 500
tn lonjj and i,?o broad; Innindtif on
the M by the United St.itcs, R bv the
Atlantic ocean, s by the gull'ot"Mf.\ico,
and w by the territory of Orleans. It
isdiviilid into liaft and Welt Florida;
St. Aunnftin tht- capital of the former,
and I'cnliicola of the latter. The country
about St. Anguftin is the moft unfruit-
hil ; yit, eviMi htre, two crops of maize
ar« annually produced : the banks of the
rivers are of a lupcrior quality, and well
»daptcd to the culture gf rice and corH.

Fon

I'ht Interior country, wtilch U hiltf,
alMiiintlt with wiHid of aimofl •■vrty
kiiitt { p.trticuUrly while and nd tnik,
piMc, hk'i^ory, cyprrfx, red and wliitit
cctUr. Th»» lnt<'rv«l* l)r»w»'n tdc iiit'y
pjrl* prthlni't' fpont.in^oiinv ihr truiit
common lo (} orirla and the C.irolin4i |
4(id the whi'lt* country U v.ilii.thl<>, in
a pirtlculir nunn*-r, for ila cxtri.rtvM
ran,;r< tin t ril.' FIhiuU W4« difco*
vcred by SilLiOian < .itnit, iii I497>
ll.tving uftrii cha'Vid m«ikrr«, brhinK*
inn Tltrrnattly l<» lli« Frmch iiid Hfii-
ni irdi. It wa« Vi\\(n\ by tin- lall»-r lo the
Kiii^l.lh \<. 1761 1 in whuic hn. iii it con*
tinii'd till i/Hif «hcn it wa4 tikrn by
the '^(i.tniiirdtt anii ceded to ihcin ui

Hotxt a town of Upper -Saxony, in the
principtlity of Anh.«lt, ft tn nw Z* riiit.

i'iotzt a town of U'lli- hli, leitfd on
the Ociiitt^, near itt cunllux with Hie
Danube.

I'.our, St. t city of rrmcp, capit d of
thi* department of Can'.al.and a bniiop h
ice. Good kiiivcH arc mule here, aiul
it has aconliklcrabletrade in cor*). |iij
tiratcd on a mountain, 5,) m ■ Clerm )nt.
Lon. ) 6 r., lat 4s a n.

i7ii/f)i/ti^, a llrong fciport of Dutch
Z mI ind, ill the ifl ind ot Walchcren on
the N full.' of the VVcdern Sch<ldt, the
intrancc of which it deftndi*. It has a
^'ood harbour, anil a canal ruiid throiiyth
the town, «leip enou^jh to admit loaded
vcfleU. The ftadllioulc Im a fiipcrb
building, after the model of t lat at
Amllerdam. Flulh nx furrendcred to
the French in irv,; and in iH.u), it
was taken by the Kn^liih, whodel|;ioy«
t'd the fort, it i:i 4 tn >*-'^ Middlebury.
l.ou- ? ,^4 K,|at. s I j6 n,

iliijhinjf, a town of New Yor!(, in
Queen county. Lorn: 111 itid, fituate on
the n lldc i ! Hell- gate, 7 m K by n Nrw
York.

loc/uibtrs, a tnwn of Scotland, bf-
lon^iinj; lo l.'.li.;iii(hirc, though letted on
the 1. tide of the 1 ivcr Spi'y, over whii li
is a brid>;c of tour arches. Here ate
inaiuif.uiliireH of ihieid, calicos, aiul
worlh-d (tocUinj^s, anil a valuable iiib
moil Hlhcry. It in 8 ma by n Elgin,
and iz vv by s Banil.

focliia, a llaport of Afialic Turkey,
in Natoli.i, with a calllc. I'he Vene-
tians beat the Turktlh fleet near thii
place, in 1 6-0. It IS feated on the jrnif
of S 'yrna,atthe influx of the Hernius,
a8 tn .^w Smyrna. Lon. a6 39 e, lat. 3H

44 f^-

i''od<war, .T town of Hungary, feated
on the Danube, oppofite t\)locz.i.

i^ogarai, a town audcalUe of Tran-

'\H

• ti

FOL

fylvania, on the river Alauta, 30 m ne
Herman lladt.

Fojfgia, a town of Naples, !n Capi-
tanata. It is a ftaple for corn and wooit
and feated near ihe Cerbero, ao nr> sw
ManfreJonia

Fuif/iat a river of Italy, which rifes on
the confinrs of Tufcaiiy, crofles the
duchy of Urbipo, and enters the vjul'of
Venice, at Fefaro.

Fogiij/b, a town of Piedmont, 5 m nw
Chivah, and 13 w Crefcentino.

FoffO't fee r'uejfo.

Fohr, or fora, an ifland of Derir.ark,
about I am in circiimfsrence, near the
coaft of Slcfwick. Lon. b 31 e, lai. 54

44 N'-

Foix, a late province of France, ad-
joining the Pyrenfts. It now forms,
with Coufcrans, the department of Ar-
ricRC.

Foix, a tow.i of France, capital of the
department of Arriege. Ht-re is a ma-
nufa(!ture of courfe woollen cloths, and
fome copp.r-mills. It is feated on the
Arriege> 43 m s by e Touloufe. Lon.
I 35 E, lat. 43 o N.

Fo-iien, a province of China, bounded
on the N by fche-kiang, w by Kiang fi,
s by Quang-tong, and e by the China
fea. The clinwte is warm ; and yet the
air is fo pure, that no contagious difeafes
ever prevail. It produces mufk in
abundance, prxious ftones, quickdtver,
iron, and tin ; alfo gold and filver, but
it is forbidden to dig for thefe. It has
fine plains; and induflry fertilizes even
the mountains, the greater part of which
are cut into terraces, riltng above each
other. Its valleys are watered by fprings
and riven from the mountains, which
the hufb^ndman dillributes, with great
ikrll, to refrefh his rice : he has even
the art to raife his water to the tops of
the mountains, and to convey it from
one fide to another, by pipts made of
bamboo. The people Ipeak a different
language in motl of the cities, each of
which has its particular dialcdt. The
language of the mandarins ii that which
is fpoken every where ; but few under-
ftand it in this province : however, it
produces a great number of literati. It
contains nine cities of the firft, and 60
of the third clafs. Fou-tcheou is the ca-
pital.

Foligno, a town of Italy, in the duchy
of Spoleto, famous for its fweftmeats,
paper-milli, and filk manufactures. It
is feated at the foot of the Apennines, in
a delightful valley watc^-d by the Cli-
tumnus, it m vmw Spoleto.

Folk'ngham, a town in Lincolnfhire,
with H market oa Thurfday. Here are

1- O N

the ruins of an ancient caftle. It ii
feated on a rifing ground, 18 m wsw
Bofton. and 106 n London.

Folk/hnff a town in Kent, with a
market on Thuriday. It had five
churches, of which four have been dc-
(Iroyed by the incurfions of the fia. It
is a membtr of the port of Dover, go-
verned hy a mayor, and the inhabitHntt
are chiifly employed in fifhing. Dr.
Harvey, the difcovertr of the circuU-
tion of the blood, was born he'.e. A
little to the v is Sandgate cattle, built
by Henry \ in. It is feated on the
Kn^i;liih channel, 8 m sw Dover, and 71
K by b London.

Fondi, .1 town of Naples, in Terra di
Lavoro, feated in a fertile plain, near \
lake of its name, S m n Gaeta, and 4%
wvw Capua.

Fong-tjiangi a city of China, in the
province of Chen-fi. Its diftridt con-
tains eight cities of the fccond and third
clafs. It is 560 m sw Peking. Lun.
106 j7 E, lat. 34 36 N.

Fong-yangy a city of China, in the
province of Kiang- nan. It enclofes with-
in its wall feveral fertile little hills ; .tnd
its jurifdi(ftion comprehends five cities
of the fecond and 13 of the third daft.
It is feated on a mountain, which hangs
over the Yellow river, 70 m ne Nan-
king. Lon. 116 58 E, lat. 32 S3 N.

Ftnsy a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lot, 5 m Nw Figeac.

FontainbUau, a townof France, in the
department of Seine and Marne, cele-
brated for its fine palace, a hunting feat
of the late kings of France- It Aandi
in the midfl of a foretl, 35 m sse Paris.

Fontaine l*Evequf» a town of the
Netherlands, in the territory of Liege,
6 m w Charleroy.

Fontanetto, a town of Piedmont, 7 m
E Crefcentino.

Fontarabioi a city and ft port of
Spain, in Bifcay, on the frontiers of
France, from which it is feparated by
the river Hidairoa, which forms a har-
bour at its mouth, in the bay of Bifcay-
It ftands on a peninfula, at the foot of
the Pyrenean mountains, and is fo
ftrong both by nature uiid art as to be
accounted the key of Spain on that fide ;
but it opened its gates to the French,
in 1794. It is 12 m sw Bayonne, and
62 K by N Bilboa. Lon. i 56 w, lat 43

23 K.

Fontello, a town of Portugal, in Beira,
6 m N E Lamego.

Fontenay le Comte, a town of France,
capital of the department of Vendee.
It has a woollen manufacture, and its
fairs are famous for cattle. It is feated

faplcB, in Terra di

:rtilr pluin, near \

N Gaeta, and 42

of Piedmont, 7 ra

FOR

on the Vendee, 25 m ne Rochelte, and
55 w by s Poitiers. Lon. o 54 w, lat.
46 30N.

fontcnoff, a village of tlie Nether-
lands, in Hainault, 4 m sr Tournay. It
is ci'lebratcd for a battle between the
allies and th(.' French in 1745, in which
the former were worlted.

'^ontevraud, a town of France, in the
dcpaitment of Mayennr and Loire.
Hi-re 18 a ftimons abbey, in the cluirch
of which fevenil kings and qucein of
Francf lie interred- It is 7 m se Saunier.

i'07fl, an idand of Denmark, on the
w coail of S Jntlnnd, bp.tween th>>fe of
Sylt and Nordllrand. It is of an oval
form, ZQ m in circumference, and" the
chief place is Utevfen. Lon. 8 30 t, lat.

iZ 48 N-

J'orcalgiiier,^ town rf France, in the
department of Lower Alps, Oated on a
hill, by the river Laye, 30 m ne Aix.

I'ttcheim, a ftrong town of Franconia,
in the principality of Bamberg, with a
fine arfenal. It furrtndered to the
French in 1796, but the Auftrianp com-
pelled them to abandon it f 'on after-
ward. It is feated at the conflux of the
Wifcnt and Rednitz, 16 m sse Bam-
berg.

I'ordingbridgey a town in Hampfliire,
with a marke^ (<.< Saturday, and a ma-
nufadture of chi-cks and bed- ticks;
feated on the Avon, 10 m s Salifbury,
and 88 w by 8 London.

Vore, a borough of Ireland, in W
Meath, now a poor place, la m n Mul-
lengar.

Forelandf North, a promontory of
Kent, the k pointof theifleof Thanet.
It is the moft fouthern part of the port
of London ; and a line thence extended
N, to the point called the Nafe, in
Eflex, forms the mouth of the Thames.
Here is a round brick tower, near 80
feet high, ereftod by the Trinity-houfc
for a feamark. Lon. i 29 e, lat. 51

22 K.

Foreland, South, a promontory of
Kent, forming the se point of England.
It is called South, in rel"p('(fl to its bear-
ing from the other Foreland, which is
13 m to the N. Between thefe two
capes is the noted road, calkd the
Downs.

Foreft Towns, four towns of Suabia,
in Brilgau, fituate on the Rhine and the
confines of SwiflTerland, at the entrance
of the Black Foreft. Their names are
Waldfchut, LaufFenburjj, Scckingen,
and Rheinfelden.

Forets, a new department of France,
containing the late duchy of Luxem-
burg, except the n w part, which is in-

FOR

eluded in the department of Sambreand
Mcufe. The capital is Luxemburg.

Forez, a late province of France,
hounded on the w by Auvergne, s by
Velay and Vivsrais, h by Lyonois, and
N by Burgundy. It is watered by the
Loire, and feveral other ftreami, and
has feveral mines of coal and iron. It
now fi)rm8 the department of Loire.

Forfar, a borough of Scotland, ca-
pital of Forf/p'^iire. It contains many
neat modern ' ifes, and has manufac-
turos of coan.; linens and ihocs. The
ilumber of inhabitants was 5165 in
1801. and 5652 in iRii. Itisntuatein
an extenfive plain, 14 m nne Dundee.
Lon. 2 52 w, lat. 56 37 N.

Forfarjhire, or Angupjhire, a county
of Scotland, 48 m long and 42 broad ;
bounded on the n by Aberdeen (hi re, ne
by Kincardinefliirc, se by the German
ocean, s by the frith of Tay, and w by
Perthiliire. it contains about 593,920
acres, and is divided into 53 pariihes.
The number of inhabitants was 99,117
in 1801, and 1.37,264 in 181 1. It has
many lakes .ind hills, but is fruitful in
corn and paltiire- Marl is found in
moft of the lakes, freeftone abounds in
many parts, and there are feveral lime-
ftone quarries- The principal rivers are
the North and South Elk. The largeft
town is Dundee.

Forges, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Seine, celebrated
for its mineral waters. It is 24 m n e
Rouen.

Forl't, a town of Italy, in Romagna,
with a caftle, 10 churches, and many
convents; leated in a fertile country',
near the river Rones, 1 1 m ssw Ravenna.

Formofa, an ifland in the China fea,
lying between 119 and 122 c lon. and
a a and 25 n lat. and feparatcd from the
province of Fo-kien, in China, by a
channel about 80 m where narroweft.
It is 280 m from n to s, and 70 in its
broadefl: part, but is j;ready contraAed
at the 3 extremity. It is fubjedt to
the ChineiV, who, notwithftanding its
proximity and fize, did not know of
its exiftence till the year 1430. A
chain of mountains, running its whole
length, divides it into two parts, the
E and w. The Dutch built the fort of
Zealand, in the w part, in 1634.
They were driven thence, in 1661, by
a Chinefe pirate, who made himfelf
mafter of all the w part. In 1682,
the whole iiland fubmitted to the em-
peror of China. It contains extenfive
and fertile plains, watered by a great
number of rivulets from the mountains.
It produces abundance of corn and

l(;

i II''' ■ T^ .;r

"■ n'l- ^ t ffl^i r^'H ■; ■ ,1..

FOR

rice, moil of the Indian fruits, many
of thole of Europe, tobacco, fugar,
pepper, camphire, and cinnamon.
Wholelbme water is the only thing
wanting in Formofa ; and it is f.iid,
that every kind of watrt in it i« perni-
cious to ftrangcrs. The inhabitants
rt'ir a ^reat number of oxen, which
they uli? for ridinj,', from a want of
horles. In 1782, thii fine idand was
overwhdmed, and almoll totally de-
flroyed, by a furious hurricane and
dreadful inundition ot the fta. Tai-
ouang is the capital.

Forriellfi, a town of N.iplcfl, in the
county of Molife, 17 m w Molife

Foriiovot a town of It.ilvi in P;iimelan.
near which, in i4c^5» Charles viii of
France obtained a vidovy over the
princes of Italy. It is 8 m wsw Parma.
Form, a borough of Scotlmd, in
Flt;infliire, neatly liuilt on an emint-nce,
near the E fide of the Findhorn. Tlie
rivtr here expands into a lakf, and foon
after enters the frith of Moray, at the
village of Findhorn, which is the port of
Forres. Here are manuf^dures of linen
a lid thi ead, and a valuable ialmon fifliery.
A little w of the town is a column, called
Sweno's Stone, covered with antique
fculpture ; ftid to h-ivc betn ercdsd in
memory of a vi^ory obtained over tin*
Danes, in ico8. Forres i<5 lom e by n
I^'iiiin, and 16 vv by s Elgin- Lon. 30
45 w» 'at. 57 34 N-

ForJJa, a town of Lufatia, with a
caftle. It has manufadures ofwoolltn
.ind linen cloths and carpets, and fiands
Of) a little ifland in the NtilFa, 15 m ssw
Guben.

I'orteventurat one of the Canary
if] lul"', 65 rn in length and of a very
iru'jjtilar breadth, confilting of two
periititijJaM, joined by an ifthmus 12 m
in bif'JiHth. It prodi;ces plenty of wheat,
barley, beevep, and jroats. The w point
iti in loii. 14 ; I w, lat a8 4 n.

Forth, .-> river of Scotland, which
ri(os in the inonntain Benlomond, in
Dumbartonfhire, flows v. in a finunus
courfeby Stirling ?.nd Alloa, and meets
the German oceiin a little below AUoa,
where it forms a noble eftuary, called
the Frith of Forth. I'he Forth is nnvi-
gable for vefTels of 80 tons, as far as
^tirUng bridne, and for merchant veflels
of any btirdi.'n as far as Grangemouth,
where there is a communication be-
tween this river and the Clyde, by a
canal. See Canal, Great.

FoHrofc, a borough of Scotland, in
Rofslhirv-, fitnate on the Moray riiih,
nearly oppofitc Fort George, to which
there is a regular ferry. It is coropofed

FOU

of two towrnn, Rofcmarkie and Chan-
onry ; the former a very ancient bo«
rough, and the latter once a bilhop's
fee. Two fmall parts of the ancient ca-
thedral remain, one ufcd as a burial-
place, the other as a court-houfe and
prifon. It is 9 m sw Cromarty.

Fortroi/nlt the capital of Martinico,
oil the w fide of the illand, with one of
the bell harbours in the W Indies, dc-
feniled by a ftrong citadel. Lon. 61 9
w, lat. 14 ^ft N.

Fortrayal, the capital of the ifliad of
Granida. See George, St.

Vojfano, a town of Piedmont, with a
citadel, featcd on the Sturc, 10 m me
Coni.

Foff% a town of the Netherlands, In
Namiir, fituatc between the S.imbrcand
Meiile, 7 m 8w N.imiir.

FoJJombrone, a town of Italy, in the
duchy of Url)ino, with a caftle on a
mountain, near the river Metro, 10 m
»P. Urbino.

FoJJ'um, a town of Norway, In the
govtrnment of i^ggerhuys, noted for
rich mines of cobalt. 35 m w Chriftiania.
Fotheringai/t a village in Northamp-
tonfhire, «near the river Ncn, 3 m w
Oundle. Here are the ruins of a caftle
In which Richard 11 1 was born, and
Mary queen of Scots beheaded. In the
church are inttrrtd two dukes of York;
Fdward, killed at Agincourt in France,
and Richard, flain at Wiikefield.

Foue, ." town of Lower Egypt, feated
on the vv branch of the Nile, 25 m se
Rofetto.

Fougt-rej, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Ille and Vilaine, with an
ancient caftle. In 1202, it was taken
by John, king of Engl^uid. It is feated
on the Cocfnom, 25 m ne Rennes, and
150 w by s Palis.
Foula, or Foiv.'a ; fee Fula.
Fouli, or Plioley, « country of Africa,
extending on the fides of the river Sene-
gal about 500 m from f. to w ; the
boundaries from N to s aie unknown.
It is populous and fertile. The Foulnhg
are, in general, of a tawny complexion,
though many of them are entirely black.
Some lead a wai.deriiig life, and roam
about the country with l.irge droves of
cows, flicep, goats, and horfea : others
are dextrous at hunting wild beafts ; the
teeth of elephants, and the (kins of lions,
leopards, and tigers, being articles of
trade. Their arms are bows and arrows,
lances, fwovds, daggers, andoccalionally
a kind of fmall fiiiee. They are praifed
by tnvellers for their hofpit-^lity ; nor
is their humanity in other refpeds lels
commendable; for, if one of their coun-

lie and Chan-
ry ancient bo«
mcc a bl(hop*8
the ancient ca-
ll as a huriaU
ouTt-houfe and
omariy.

of Martinico,
1(1, with one of

W Indies, de-
el. Lon. 6i 9

oftheiflaiid of
St.

cdmont, with a
ilnrc, lo m NE

■Nci'icrlands, in
I ihc S.nnbvc and

of Italy, in the
h a caftie on a
XT Metro, lo n^

Norway, in the
inys, noted for
, m w Chriftiania.
re ill Northamp.
sr Nen, 3 "^ n
e ruins of a caftle
was born I and
ehcaded. In the
0 dukes of Yorlt;
icourt in Trance,
iTiikt-rield.
^er Egypt, feated
le l^ile, 25 ^ ^b

ranee, in thede-
Vil;<ine, with an

., it was taken
,.id. It is feated

NE Rennes, and

ee Fula-

jountry of Africa,
of the river Sfne-
m F. to w ; ihe
9 ave unknown,
e. The Foulahs
vvny complexion,
are f/ntirt'ly black.
!ig life, and roam
h l.irpe droves of
,d horfes : others
, wild beafts ; the
the Ikins of lions,
being articles of
bows and arrows,
.Hudoccafionally
They arepraifed
hofpit-'lity ; nor
jlher refpedlslels
one of their coun-

FOX

trymen hate the misfortune to fall into
llavery, the relt join lluck to redeem
him. The king of this country is call-
ed the Siratick ; and tliough he fridom
appears with the baiitieu of majelty, h«
his great authority, and is as much re-
I'pedlcd us any one on the co-ift.

l'»ulnej's, a Ihiall ill «nd on the be
coaft of ElTcx, feparateci by a narrow
channel from the w part of the county,
it has a village, with a church, 8 m E
by N Rochford.

Vouljham, a town in Norfolk, with a
market on Tiirfd.iy, 16 m nw Norwich,
and III NC London.

I'our Cantonsy Lake of tlit ; fee
Waldjia titer See.

h'ourmatix Ijland, a fmall illand in
IthePacitic ocean. Lon. 143 2 w, lat.
1; I s.

feu-tcheou, a city of China, in Fo-

i kieii, and the molt conAdc-rable in that

province, on account of its trade, the

convenience of its rivers artd port, and

Ithc number of its literati. It is the

Irefidence of a viceroy, and has under

lilt jurifdiw^ion nine cities of the third

Iclafs. It is 360 m NE Canton, and 8:0

|i Peking. Lon. 1194 e, lat. 26 4 n.

Fou-tc/uou, a city of China, in Kiang.

li, formerly one of the moll beautiful

Icities in Cfhina, but almoft ruined by

Itlie inv.ifion of the Tartars. It is 735

Ins Peking, Lon. 115 «i6 e, lat. a;

lis"-

Fowey, or Faiut/, a rl- erin Cornwall,
[which rifes 4 m to the be of Camelford,
Ipafles by Leftwithiel, and enters ihe
lEngiifli channel, at Fowey.

h<ivet/t a borough and feaport in

ICornwall, governed by a mayor, w ith a

Iinarket on Saturday, and a confulerable

llrade in the pilchard fifliery. The har-

Itiour.is defended by St. Catherine fort,

|nithe liimmit of a fteep pile of rocks,

Ian adjoining battery. The ftreets

bn fo narrow and with fuch fudden

[iimings, that no wheeled carriage can

cadmittcd. It is feated at the month

[liihe Fowey, 33 m sw Launcclton,

W»39 w by s London. Lon. 4 37 w,

pt 50 19 N.

Jox Ijlandst a group ot iflands in the

Porthfrn Archipelago. They are 16

iDumber, lying neur the extremity of

ppeninfula of Alalka, on the w coaft

'America, between 52 and 55 n lat.

^- largeft ifiand is called Oonamak,

JBileach has a peculiar name; but this

iiicral nam.; is given to the whole group,

'account of the great number of black,

pT) and red foxes, with which they

«und. The drefs of the inhabitants

tfilli of a cap, and a fyr coat that

FR A

reaches down to their knees : fome wear
acapofapafLy-colotircd biid-ikiii, upon
which is left pirt of th<» wings and t.iii.
On the lorcp.;,t ot their hunting and fiJh-
ing caps they placo a fmall hoird, like a
Ikrren, adorned with the jawl»one« of
feab;'ar«, and ornamented with glafs
beads, which they receive in barter
from the RnlFians. They feed upon tHe
flelh of all forts of lea animaK, ind
generally eat it raw. The provifi n
intended for kerping is dri«'d without
flit, in the open air. Their weapons
are bows, arrows, and darts ; and, for
deft lice, thry ufe wooden (hields. The
inoft. pertV-dt equality reigns among
them : iht^y have neither chiefs nor fu-
periorj, neither laws nor puniflin L-nts.
I'hcy live tojfether in families, and fo-
civties o! fcveral families united, which
form what they rail a race, who, in
cafe (if attack or defence, inutu ally ;iid
each other. They have a good (hare of
plain natural fenfe, but arc rather flow
of uiidei Handing ; and fecm cold and
inditferent in moft of their adlious :
yet, if an injury, or even a merR fufpi-
cion, ronfe them from this phlegmatic
flute, they become furious and revenge-
ful. The Ruflians call thcfe iflands the
Lyflie Odrova.

Foxford, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Mayo, on the river .VI oy,
8 m N Caltlebar.

Foy, St- a town of France, in thr de-
partment of Oironde, on the river Dor*
dogne, 38 m e Bordeaux.

layers, or Fyers, a river of Scotland,
in the county of Invernefs, which rifes
a few m e of Fort Angnflus, and flovva
it<io Loch Ncfs. About a m before its
entrance into the lake is the Fall of
Foyers, one of the higheft in the world,
being 107 feet in one unbroken ftream.

J'ot/le, a river of Ireland, formed by
the jundlion of theFin and the Mourne,
at Liflfonl, in t'le county of Donegal.
It palles by St. johnftown and London-
derry, and at Cubnore expands into a
bay, called Lough Foyle, of an oval
form, 14 m long and 8 broad, which
communicates with the ocean by a (hort
and narrow rtrait.

Foz, a town of Portugal, in Alentejo,
fituate at the conflux of the Zaras with
the Tnjo, 24 m NK Lifbon.

Foz, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Var, 4 ni nk Barjols.

Fraga, a town of Spain, in Aragon,
ftrong by fltuation, having the river
Cinca before it, whofe high banks are
difficult of accefs, and at its back a hill,
which cannot eafily be approached with
cannon. Alphonfo vii, king of Afa-

f IM

ii

>.;k

5."

u

mm

I. j

V

I

II

FIl A

font waa killrd here by the Moors, in
1134, when hr be Urged this town. It
IB 6j m BSE SangoilA. Lon. o 24 b,
lat. 41 2S N.

Fragnino, a town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato Ultra, 8 m n Rencvento.

Fragoas, a town of Portugal, in Ef-
tremailura, 7 m Nvr Snntarcn.

Framlingham, a town in Suffolk,
with a market on Saturday. It has the
remains of a cadle. To this place the
princrlii Mary retired, when lady Jane
Grey was proclaimed queen ; and here
ilie found that powerful fupport, which
foon feuted heron the thtonu. It is 30
m K Bury, and 87 n'e London.

Francatilla, a town of Naples, in
Terra de Otranto, with a trade in oil,
cotton, (lockings, and fnuff, 15 m eke
Tarcnto,

Francavilla, a town of Naples, in Ba-
filicata, on the river Sino, 30 m wsw
Turfi.

I'rancft a country of Europe, bound-
ed on the n by the Englilh channel and
the Netherlands, e by Germany, Swif-
ferland, and Italy, s by the Mediter-
ranean lea and Spain, and w by the At-
lantic ocean. From the Pyrenees in
the s, to Dunkirk in the n, its extent is
625 m ; and fomcthing more from the
mod eaftcrly part of Alface to the moft
weftern point of Bretagnc, which pro-
vince, it muft be obferved, extends
above 100 m further into the ocean
than any other part of the country.
The climate is temperate; and the foil
produdlive of a'l the neceflaries of life,
and, among its luxuries, of the molt ex-
cellent wines. The principal rivers are
the Seine, Loire, Rhone, and Gironde ;
and there arc many others, which give
name to the departments in the new
divifion of this country. The moft con-
fiderable mountains are the Alps, Py-
renees, Ceveimts, and Vofgcs. France
was an abfolute monarchy go'ienied by
kings, from the time of Clovis, in 486,
to the death of Lewis XVI, in 1793. It
was divided into fcveral military govern-
ments or provinces; namely, Alface, An-
goumois, Anjou, Armagnac, Artois,
Aunis, Auvergne, Barrois, Bafques,
Beam, Berry, Bigorre, Blafois, Boulon-
noig, Bourbonnois, BrcflTc, Bretagne,
Burgundy, Cambrcfis, Champagne,
Couferans, Dauphiny, Forez, Foix,
Franche Compt^, French Flanders, Gaf-
cony, Gevaudan, Guienne, French
Hainault, Ifle of France, Languedoc,
Limjlin, Lotrain, Lyonois, Marche,
Main, Marfan, Navarre, Nivernois,
Normandy, Orleanois, Perche,Perigord,
Picardy, Poitou, Provence, Quercy,

FR A

Rouergue, RouHllon, Suintongc, Soif-
fonnoia, Touraine, Velay, and Vcrman-
dois. Thefe varied much from each
other in point of extent and importance,
and there were others of ftill inferior
conlideralion. The cflabJinied religion
was the Roman catholic ; and the ecclc-
flaflical divifion of the country was into
18 archbilhopricsand ti^epii'copal firit,
txclufive of Avignon, Carpentras, C.ii-
vaillon, and Vailbn, which belonged to
the pope. But in 1789, a wonderful r«».
volution took place. The deraigmd
ft.ate of the finances of the country, in-
duced Lewis XVI to convoke the (iites
general, which had not been alTemhli',!
fince 16 14. They confifted of thrre
orders ; the nobility, the clergy, and the
commons; and being alFembled in May.
at Verfailles, they ntlumed the title of
the National Aflembly. On theremovnl
of the popular minider, M. Neckar, in
July, an infurret^ion enfued in Paris ;
the military refufed to fire upon the pio-
pie ; the Baftile was taken by the citi-
zens, and the governor and fome others
were beheaded. The national afltmbly
now proceeded to the moft extraordi-
nary meafures : they diverted monarchy
of its formidable prerogatives ; abolilhed
nobility, and the whole feudal fydem ;
confifcated the pofleflions of the clergy,
rendering them dependent on a pultiic
allowance ; and fuppreflfed all the religi-
ous houfes. In OAober, in conlbquenct
of a riot at Verfailles, the royal family |
and the national aflembly rcinovcd 10 1
Paris. The king was now, in fait, a
ftate prifoner, and he attempted to elhpe
in June 1791, with the queen, his fifter,
the dauphin, and his daughter ; but they
were arrefted at Varennes, and conduft-|
ed back to Paris, where the national af-
fembly admitted the king's apologeticall
explanation of his conduft. In Aprilj
1793, the king propofrd to the naiionalj
aflembly, to declare war againft the kingi
of Hungary and Bohemia, and war wajj
accordingly declared ; but the king wasT
fufpe<5ted ofadingin concert wiihthej
enemy; and in Auguft, the mayor of
Paris appeared before the national afj
fembly, and demanded the depofUion
of the king. Before they could deliberaid
on this demand, another infurre(flion enJ
fucd ; the Tuilleries (the royal refideiicej
was attacked ; the Swifs guards werj
malTacred; and the king and roynlfamil][
took refuge in the national aflembly
That body inftantly decreed the fufpcn|
fion of royalty, and the convocation i
a national convention. The kinganf
hia family were conveyed to the Tea
pie, and kept in clofe confinenicn|

th

-f=' '^-

utntonge, Soif-
, and Vcrman-
ich from each
ind importance,
of ftiil inferior
ibiiflu'd rclin'.oii
; aiidtheecclc-
onntry wr\9 \nu\
i3cpifcop:il It^es,
;:;arpcntra8, ^ai-
nich belonged to
, a wonilertiil rc-
The dcvaignul
the country, iii-
nnvokc the Ititc^i
iibeen alTcmblL'.l
,nlifted of three
^c clergy, and the
,lTemblod in May.
imed the titU- oi
r. On therenioval
-r, M- Neckar, in
enfued in Paris;
> five upon the pio-
taken by the ciu-
or and fome others
e national afltmbly
he moft extraordi-
divefted monarchy
•ogatives ; abolilheil
|,o1e feudal fyftem;
■flions of the clergy.
,endent on a puWic
preffedallthereligi-
rber, in conl'equence
s, the royal family
ifembly removed to
was now, m ta«, a
e attempted to clcape

the queen, bis filter,
is daughter; but they
ircnnes, and conduft-
,here the national al-
,e kings apologetica

conduft. In Apn ,
•pofrd to the national
e war againft the king
ohemia, and war wmI
ed ; but the king wj
e in concert with th
'uguft, the mayor o
cfore the national af
andcd the deppfitioi
■e they could deiiberaii

notherinfurrcaione>v,
es (the royal refideuce^

Swils gu«'^<l» ^'i!
.V king and royalfatn

rhe national afi^m^!^
tlv decreed the m^
indthe convocation
ention. The k.ng
conireyed totheTc

in dofe conftneiD«

F'R A

The convention met in September, and
inftantly decreed the formation of a re-
public. In December, they decreed,
that the kin;; ihoiild he tried lict'ore
them ; and this tribunal condemned the
unfortunate monarch, who wuh be-
headed in January 1793. All Europe
exclaimed ak;nin(l this proce'ding ; and
tlie new republic, in ;tddition to the
arms of Auliria, Pruflla, Sardinia, and
the empire, had to encounter the com-
bination of Great Britain, Spain, and
Holland. The queen being tried and
condemned by the rcvolutionr.ry tribu-
nal, VMS executed in Ocflober ; and the
king's fifter was alfo beheaded in May
following. The dauphin and his fifter
remained in confinement ; where the
former became difeafcd with I'wellings,
and died in June 1795 ; andtheprincefs
was taken in December to the confines
of Germany, where (he was exchanged
tor fome French deputies. Various
faftions fuccelTively feized the helm of
government ; the prifons were crowded
in every part of the republic; the
fcaffolds ftreamed, almoft inceflantly,
with blood ; and many of the moll
popular patriots, and of thofe who
bad voted for the death of the king,
perifhed on the fcafTold, or in exile and
mifery ; while infurredtions, profcrip-
tions, and maflacres, became, in a
manner, only common occurrences. By
the conclufion, however, of the year
1794, this reign of defpotifm and terror
gave place to a more moderate fyftem :
and although, at one period, the fhut-
ting up of churches, ard the forma-
tion of a new calendar (by which the
year was divided into decades inftead
of weeks) indicated open hoftility to
the chriftian religion ; the convention
found it neceflary, at laft, to declare
publicly their acknowledgment of a Su-
preme Being, and of the immortality of
the foul, and to permit again the exer-
cife of religious worlhip. With refpedl
to the war, it may be fufficient to ftate,
in general, that after four campaigns, in
which great reverfes of fortune were
experienced, the French nation before
the conclufion of 1795, were in the en-
tire pofleffion of Savoy, and the Ne-
therlands ; and had made fuch progrcfs
[!(i Holland, Spain, Italy, and Germany,
«to procure a peace with Pruflia and
ppain, and form an alliance with Hol-
Iwd. Their commerce, however, was
niined; and their finances were fup-
jported by a vafl: emiflion of compulfive
wr currency, and by plunder and
[confifcation : their armies nevcrthcleft
|bght with ardour, and ia 1796, under

KR A

general Bonaparte, fubdued the whole
of Lombardy; and, after the capture
of Mantua, penetrated through th»? Ty-
rol, and threatened the city of Vienna,
that the emperor commenced a nego-
f.i.ntion for peace. In the mean time
the French turned (heir arms againft
Venice, which government they revo-
lutionized ; and at the conclufion of
the treaty of peace with the emperor
of Germany, at Campo Formio in 17^7,
they ceded the city and the greater part
of the territory to Auftrii. In 1 798, the
French obtained poireflion of Mentz,
forced Ehrcnbreitftcin to furrcndcr by a
blockade, and fent general Honaparte
with a f()rmid;ible army into Egypt ; the
emperor of Germany formed an alliance
with RuHia; the Turks declared againft
France, on account of the invafi n of
Egypt ; and the flames of war which had
been for a time fuppreffed, burft forth
with redoubled fury. In 1799. the
French entered Germany, under general
Jourdan, in March ; and hoftilitieswere
at the fame time commenced by the
French troops in the Grifon country,
where they gained feveral advantages ;
but in a few days the army under Jourdan
was defeated by the archduke Charles,
near Stockach, and compelled to re-
crofs the Rhine- The Ruflian troops,
under general Suwnrrow, foon after
joined the Auftrian army in Italy, of
which that general took the command.
The fuccefs of the allied armies wajj fo
great, that by the end of Auguft the
French were almoft entirely driven out
both of Italy and Swifierland. But in
the latter a reverfe of fortune took
place ; for the republican armies having
been greatly reinforced, general Maflena,
at Zurich, totally defeated the Anftro-
Ruffian army, under general Hotze,
who was killed : general Suwarrow,
who had entered the country from
Italy, finding it impoflible to join his
defeated allies, retreated over the moun-
tains into Germany; and foon after-
ward the Ruflian troops were ordered
home. The affairs of the republic in
Egypt were not profperons, and general
Bonaparte, having found means to efcape
thence, arrived at Paris in Odober. He
found the authority of the dircdtory was
greatly weakened; and this one man,
aided by the bayonets of a few foldicrs,
effcfted another revolution in November,
by which ihediredlory was abolifhed,
and three confuls appointed to govern the
republic. A new conftitution was af-
terward formed, in which the whole
of the executive and almoft all other
power was vefted in the firft conful,

ti upM

0:

,"-VVv!i,'l

V R A

pcnenl Ponapaii*'. In April t«oo, the
i'lmpai^ti ill Italy loinint'iicocl, ntnl Jor
thi' molt p.irt with Ids ti) tho I'rrnch
till thf aiiiv.il of noii.ip.irtf, wlu> gained
a vi^oiy over the Aiillri<in<i, at M.i-
n-iigo. which rtinlhttctl them in the full
poiiirflion of tli.it count r/. The war in
Gcrm.iny wa« profi'cuicil with vigour
hy the French, who piiitiicd their liic-
cflliH into the tcrritorifg of Aiiftri.i,
whnetlity C' nchulcd ,iii .umilHcc with
the emperor; .and a treaty of pe.ice
W.1S lij^iiid c.irly in iXoi, at Ltinevilie.
France now ciu!c<iv{<nied to in'potiatc a
peace with frrcat liritaiii, the prelitiii-
narie« of which wtre fettled in London,
and the treaty was (igiu'd at Amii'nfl in
March iHoa : hut tHn treaty lu'ld little
more than a year, the Fieiich deeming
it violated liy the Kn)i!i(h lefiifing to
evacuate M«lta. ljona[)arte was now
appoigted confiil for lite, with power
to nomin.it- his ujcccdor^ but his am-
hition alpiiid to the throne, and in
May J 804, iit the r«qnc(l of the fenate,
he aliiimftl the title of Emperor of
the French: and he was Ihortly after-
ward crowned by the lOpe, who was
ordered »o repair to Pans for that pur-
pofc. War in Germany was again re-
newed in 1805, and the grand army of
the French, he.ided by the emperor.
Napoleon, croflTed the Rhine in Odtober.
His luccclii and rapid prngrefs were (iich,
that .nfter the; b'iUie of Ai'fteriitz, in
December the emperor of Germany
was neceffitited to negociate for pence,
and a treaty between the two emperors
V, as bgned at Pri^fborg. In 1806, fe-
veral of the Germjin princes entered
into an alliance with France, and a
ticaty, called the Coiifeder.aion of the
Rhinr, under the protection of Bom-
parte, vvs\? finned at Paris. Soon after
the king of Prnffia took the field ngainlt
France and thefe princes; the oppoling
armies met near Jena, and the I'rtnch
were victorious. A Ruffian army ad-
vanced to aflifl the Pruffiane, but, in
1807, their united foiccs were defe.ited
at Fricdland, which battle waa decifive,
and a treaty of peace was ligned at Tilfit.
From i«c8 to 18 1 2, France carried on
war in Portugal and Spun with variable
iiiccefs ; but in 1813, after the battle ot
the Pyrenees, the French were driven
back into thifir own country : they were
followed, in Odober, by the allied forces
under lord Wellington, who rtmained
eltabliftied in the neighbourhood of Bay-
onne at the end of the year. 7or the
fatal campaigns of Bonap.-jrte in 181a
and 1813, in Ruflia at^d Germ?.»iy, thofe
countries may be referred to i and at the

r II .\

beginning of December, tiie nrml^i of
Kiilli.i, Auftria, and Paiflia CfulVed the
Rhiiit into Fr.*nce, hcided by their fo-
veriij^ns, who commenced their np.
proaches toward the capital, in dilkr-
eiit diret^lions. [On March 31.18';,
Pariii fnrrendered by capitulation ; thii
was immcdi.itely followcl by the abiii.
cation and extle of lionaparte, it d th»»
reOoratioii of the B»)urbon family.] It 1^
now proper to go back ^ml notice othv r
P'irticularR of this country. The Roman
caihiilic religion was n-ellabliHied iii
France, by a convention helwctn tin;
pope and the lirft conful, in iHoi ; and
the eccleftadical divifion of the countr/
ia into 10 arclibilhopiics and i;o bininp.
ric8. The prr.teflant reli^,ion is ako
ttJleratf'd ; and the new calendar w;n
aboli(h(;d at the clofe of the yeir
180.1;. The political diviliin of' the
country is into 84 departments, nearly
equal in extent, indead of the ani iuit
military provinces; and thele depart-
ments are fubdivided into diftrifls, can-
tons, and municipalities. The nan:es
«>f the departments arc Avp, Aifne, Al-
licr, Alps Upper, Alps Lower, Ardeche,
Ardennes, Arriege. Aube, Aude, Avei-
ron, Calvados, Cantal, Ctiaventc, Chn.
rente Lower, Cher, Corrcz^, *. ftte d'Or,
CAtes du u^ord, Creufei Dordognr,
Douba, Drome, F^tire, liure and Loir,
Finifterre, Gard, Garonne Upper, Gere,
Giroiiiic, ilcraiiit, Indre, indre and
Loiie, J fere, lile and Vilaine, Jura,
Laiide>. Loir and Cher,Loirc, Loire Up-
per, Loire Lower, Lr,i ret, Lot, Lot and
G.ironne, l^ozere, Mayenre, Mayinnc
.■nd Loire, Mmchc, Marne, Marne
Upper, Mt'urte. Meufe', Morbibnn, Mo-
ftile, Notd, Nievre, Oile, Orne, Paris,
Pas de Calais,. Puy de Dome, Pyrenees
Upper, PyreneoK Lower, Pyrenees Eall-
ei II, Rhine Upper, Rhine Lower, Rhone,
Rhone (Mouths of thej, ^aonc Upper,
Saone and Loire, Sarte, Seine and Oil*',
Seine Lower, Seine ami Marne, Sevres
(Two), Somme, Tarn, Tarn and Gn-
ronne, Var, Vendee, Viennc, Vieiine
Upper, Vofges, and Vonnc. AP thefc
departments appear in this work; and
the account of the late provinces .lie
ftill retained. They conltitute the oil- j
gina! territory of France, and the pcpu- 1
lation of them is 27,900,000. The
countries that the ambition of the go-
vernment has liiice annexed to its for-
mer territory are Corllca, Savoy, Pied-
mont, Parmefan, the w part «f Milancfe, I
the bilhopric of Balil, the country ofl
Valais, the territories of Avignon and I
Geneva, the counties of Vcnaiflin andj
Nice, the Netherlands^and all the Get*

the arnil^i nf
Ti;i crolVi'd \\\e
ert by Uicir f»-
icctl their .t,j.
pit;il, in diHtr.
atch 31. 18' *.i
)itiU:\tio« 1 t'pn
tl by tlu; iihiii-

KipiUtC, 11 <i tl"*

imf.»mily-l •' '^
r<iul tioticc oth>r
vy. Tlu' Komiiv
ri.clUbliflicd in
on liHwten till!
il, in i«oi ; and
n of ihccciiiitr;

;8 aiul so l;i'l»"P-
reUi;,i')n «« i»ll*J
•vv c.iUnid.n- v,m
)fi' of Ihc y.-ar
I clivili 'H of the
pariments. nearly
ad of tliP «"* '^ "^
uid thclt d»'p-"t-
into dirtri6ts, can-
U08. The nan.es

re Avp. A'''"f» ^'"
nLowir, ArdechP,

\ubc, Audc, Avei-
al, C>>aventc, Clw-
orrc/ii. «^ ftte d'Or.
:reulev Dovdognc,
re, hurc and Loir,
ronni'Uppf*, Ciers,
Indro. Indre and
nnd Vd,une, Jura,
pr.Loirc.LoireUp-
.r.iret.Lot, Lotaml
Vlayennc, Mayinnc
c, Marne, Marne
life, Morbihan.Mo-
■, Oife, Orr<', Pans,
dc Dome, Pyrenees
•wer, Pyrenees Ball-
Lhine Lower, Rhone,
the), ^-aonc Uppfr.
arte, Seine and Oile,
• and Marno,Sfvre3
am, Tarn and G.>
ec, Vicnne, Vicnr^
rt Yonnc. Al' ihefe
,r in this work ; ami
e late provinces aie
CY conititiUe tlie ovi-
rince.andthepopu-
-27,900,000. 1'"^

ambition of the cf>-
-e annexed tons for-

Corfica. Savoy. PieJ;
hew part efMiUincfe,

BalU, the country 0
,rifs of Avignon and

Uies of Vetiatffin a 1
ands, and all the Get-

FR A

man territory weftw.ird of the Rhine.
Ther-.' countricii arc divid«*d into 37 dc-

EartmenUj name)*'% Alps (Maritime),
•yle, Porets, Oolo, Jcmap|)e, Ivn-a,
Leman, Liamonr, LicM.tiengo, Mtui'e
Lower, Mont BUnc, Mf-nt Toi iierro,
Ncthct (Two), Ourthc, Po, khino and
Mofrlle. Roer, Sambie and Menll-,
Sarre, Scheldt, Selia, iiin^pion, 8tui.i,
Taniro, Taro, and Vaucljfe. Thi»
acquifition of territory matccs an addi-
tion to the above population of France
of 7 , 1 50,000- Parit il the metropolis.

Fraiicff Ijle of, a late province of
France, fo called from licing hounded
hy the rlvcri Seine, Marne, Oilir, Aifnt",
and Ourque. It new forms the depart-
ments of Oifo, Seine and Oifc, Seine
aad Marne, and Parii.

France, Ijle of, ox Mauritius, an ifland
in the Indian ocean, 400 m e of Mada-
gafcar. It was difcoveted by the Por-
tiignrle; but t'l" firft fcttlcri were the
Dutch,ini598. Theycalleditlklnuritins,
in honour of prince Maurice, ihe>> ftadt-
holder ; but, on their acquilition of the
Cape of Good Hope, they delV^rted it ;
:'.nd it cnntln.:ed unsettled till the French
landed in 1710, and gave it the name of
one of the fineft provinces in France.
In 18 10, it was taken from them by the
Englilh. The ifland is 150 m in circum-
ference, and the climate healthy, hut
the foil not very fertile. There ar»:
many mountains, Ibme of which have
their tops covered with fcow; but they
produce the beft ebony in the world.
The valleys .ire well watered by rivers,
and made very produftive by culti-
vation, of which coflTee and indigo are
the principal obiefts. The town and
harhour, called Port Louis, are ftrong-
ly fortified ; but in thehui-ricane months
the harbour cunnot afford (belter for
more than eight velTcls. Here are large
ftonhoufes, and every thing neceflary
lor the eciuipment of fleets. Lon. 57 28
z, lat. 20 10 s.

Franche Compte, a late province of
France, bounded #0 the n by Lorrain,
I by Allace and Swiflerland, w by Bur-
gundy, and s by Brefle. It ii 125 m
long and 80 broad, and abounds in corn,
wine, cattle, horfes, iron, copper, an»l
Iwd. It now forma the three depart-
I Bents of Doubs, Jura, and Upper Saone.
Franchemont, a town of the Nether-
linds, in the territory of Liege, i a m s e
Liege.

Francis, St. a river of Brafil, which

[inns NE and then se till it enters the

Atlantic in iat. 11 20 s. It has anum«

wof towns and fcttlements, chiefly on

Htihead waters.

FU A

Vrancifco, St- a town on the coaft of
New Albion, caiit^l of a jurildii'tien of
itHname, with a citadel, and a fine har-
bour. It it the muil northern fetilc-
m<Mit belonging ti) the Spiniardi on thi^
continent. Lon. 121 ^7 w. Iat. 37 48 s.

J'liincois, (uipe, a city and I'caport,
lately the capital of the w part of Hif-
pantnla. Beforo the drcadi'ul c immo-
tions that tnfued ait; 1 the French revo-
lution, it cftntaiiiL'd 8000 iiih.ibitants,
whites, people of colour, and Haves ;
but in ijQj. the Negros. fupportcd by
the Mulattos, entered the town and mat-
facredall the white people. It ftands on
the N fide of the illand, 150 m NW St.
Domingo. Lon. 7a 18 w, lit. 1946 ^'

Franconia, a circle of Germany,
bounded on the n by Upper Saxony, k
by Bohemia and the palatinate of Ba-
varia, .t by Suabia, and w by the circle*
of the Rhine The middle is fertile in
corn, wine, and fruit ; but the borders
are full of woods and barren moun-
tains. This country was overrun by
the French in 1796^ and again in 1800.
The Franks, whii conquered France*
came from this province, and gave their
name to that country.

h'raneker, a town of Holland, in
Friefland, with a caftle and a univerflty.
The public buildings and palaces are
magnificent, and it has two navigable
canals. It is 9 m w Lewarden.

Frankenau, a tov*n of Germany, in
Upper HelTe, 26 m sw CafT'el.

Frankcnburrr, a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in Mifnia, nith a confiderablema-
nufadure of woollen ftufTs, 7 m nnb
Chemnitz.

Irankenhal, a town of France, in the
department of Mont Tonnerre, lately
of Germany, in the palatinate of the
Rhine. It has rich roanafadtures of
fluffs, nikK, cloths, &:c. and a canal to
the liver Rhine. It was taken by the
Frei\Lh in )7<)3, and retaken by the
allies in 1794. ^^ isfeatcd 2 m W of the
Rhine, and 7 s Worms.

Fratiktnhaujen, a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in Thuringia, with fomc extenfive
fult-works ; fituate on a branch of the
Wipper, a6 m n Erfurt.

Frankenftein, a town of France, in
the department of Mont Tonnerre,
lately of Germany, in the palatinate of
the Rhine, 9 m se Kayrerdautern.

Fran ken fiein, a town of Silcfia, in the
principality of Munftei berg, on the river
Bautze, la m wsw Munfterberg.

Fratikfort, the capital of the ftate of
Kentucky, and in Franklin county. It
is regularly laid out, and ftands on the
right bank of the Kentucky^ (o m from

fit A

»ti conHiix with th<' Ohio, t% i^w Ciii.
("inn.iti, ami 4.10 w hy s W.illiington.
Ia)ii. O4 4) w,l,tt .17 57 N.

/•'ranijhrt, a town ol Vir^ihiii, capital
of Pnullfloh I'cMinty. It ft.»iuli on the
H branch of th: I'utomac, ijj n> nw
Kichmotid.

Frnn^fort, a town of Peni'fylvania, in
/'hiladrlphia coiiril", t,;i ;tn arm of th«!
river D«*liwaie, 4 n» ki- l*hil.ulc!!>I\ia.

{■'rtinifurt on the Mni»f, a fortJltd
ciiv «'f Ufrnuny, in VV<'tftravi,i. on tho
confines of Franconia. It is divided hy
till- river Maine into two parts, whii h
oninunicitvi by nni'ts of a Hoik-
bridj-c; th« lirj^cr purt on ihc tt lide,
iH Ci'li-d Fr.inkfoil, and the lnia!Icr
Swhit'nhnnnn. It containy fevfral pa-
l:ni;« and courtd belonging to princes
4tul counts; and here the kin^; of ilic
Romans is elerted and crowned. The
thi* f ftruflnre is the townhouf**, in
M'liicli is prefervcd the gulden btill, the
origin of the fundamental laws of the
ctnpirc. All reliKiona are tolerated at
Frankfort, under certain r'fftri(aions ;
but F-iither»nifm is lln' tftablilhcd faith ;
tluniph the principal ctnirch is in the
poflclTion of the Roman catholics. The
icw3 live together in a long narrow
llrei t, feparated from the other citizens
by a high wall. Frankfort is one of
the moft commei-cial places in Europe,
and has two great fairs every year. It
WA^ taken, in 1759, by the French, who
evacuated it in 1763; and it has been
feveral times taken and retaken by the
French and Auftvians, in the late wars.
It is 18 m BNE Ment7, and 3. "jo wnv/
Vienna. Lon. 8 32 e, lat. 50 7 N.

I'rankftrt on the OJtr, a town of
Krandcnburg, in the Middle niark, with
a famous univerfity and a noble aca-
demy. It has three great fairs, and the
<xclufive right of navigaiiwn up the
Oder to Breflau. Here are two fuburbs,
called Lebus and Guben, and a bridge
over the Oder. In 1759, it was taken
by the RufTuins and Auflrians, and in
fXc6, it fell into the hands of the French.
It is 45 m E by 8 Berlin, and 73 s Stet-
tin.^ Lon. 1439 E, lat. 52 23 N.

Fiankland tjland!, a clufter of idands
in the Pacific ocean, on the ne coailof
New Holland Lon. 1460 », lat. 17125.

FraHiiin, Fort, a fort of Pennlylvania,
in Allegany county, ere^ed in 1787 on
the river Allegany, oppolltc the influx
of French creek, 65 m N Pittfburg.
Lon. 80 4 w, lat. 41 45 w.

Frankjionvttt a town of Pennfylvania,
in Huntingdoa county, luuate on the
Frankftown branch of the Juniatta> 40
m w bjr s Huntingdon.

1' U R

FruHtjufwoHt, .. t'jwn of France, In
the department of Upper Uhm**, j.itcly
otSwillerland, in thebilhopricot Ualcl ;
liated (>n the DoubH, 16 m n Ncuchatel,
and 17 s by w I'orcntru.

I'ntHxburg, a town of Hither Potne-
rania, 14 m ftsw StralAnul-

Frnfiiiti, x town of Italy, In Cam-
pogna di Korna, fcated on the fide of a
woody mountain. it is a bilhop's (i>r,
always poUVlli'd by one of the fix elded
(Midin.tU ; and in its neighbourhood arc
lomc of the moll magnificent villas in
Italy. The ancient city of Tutculum
ll(K)d on the fnmtnit of the mou.jtain,
where itb feattered ruiiib of white ftone
a,< intermingled with fhrubiandbulhcs.
Between thefe ruins and Frafcati wai
the Tulculanum of Cicero ; and St.
h'llus, a Greek monk, in the i ith cen.
tiiry, built .1 convent on the lite of hit
vill I, which it now an abbey of Greek
monks.and called Grottu Ferrata. Fraf-
cati is n ni SE Rome.

Fraferburg, a town of Scotland, in
Aberdeenlliire, with a good harbowr for
coafting vefTels, and a manufadlurc of
linen yarn. It is feat'-d on the German
ocean, .1 little s of the point of Kio-
naird Head, and 4a m n Aberdeen.
Lon. I 47 w, lat. 57 28 n.

Ftauenbrun, a town of SwilTerland, in
the canton of Uern, which takes its name
from a celebrated munaftery, 7 m n Bern.

Frauenburg, a town of W Pruflia, in
the paLitinatc of Maiienburg, on the
Frifch HafT, 14 m nk Elbing.

Frauenfeld', a town of Swiflcrland,
capital of the canton of Thurgau, with
a good caflle. It is fcated on an emi-
nence, by the river Murg, 19 m ne Zu-
rich. Lon. 8 52 vv, lat. 47 ^i N-

Frauenftein% a town of Upper Sax',.'y,
in Miliiia, on the river Boberifch, 20 lu
ssw Drelden.

Frnujladt a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Polcn, which h-ts a great
trade in wool and oxtn. Near this 1
town a battle was gained by the Svvedt! 1
over the Ji'-xons, in 1 706. It ftands on |
the frontiers of Silelia, r.o m ww Glo-
gau, and 35 ssw Pofen.

FrcJelurgt a town of the duchy of I
Wcltphalia, on the river Wcnnc , 23 m I
SSB Arenfberg.

jFrr</cr/Vj, a fortified town ofthellatel
of Georgia, in Glynn couniy, and on
the w fide of St. Simon i.land, with al
fafe and commodious harbour, 70 mswj
Savanna. Lon. 81 34 w, lat. 31 14 J'-

Fredericjhurg. a town of Further Fo-j
mcrania, 23 m N Stargard, and 33 sswf
Colberg. [

Fredericjbwrgt a town of Denmark,!

..i.

jf France I In

>uric ot UjIcI .

I N Ncuthalel,

Hither Pome-
Ill.

luly, 'n Cam-
jn t»ie lick of a
I a bWhop's lee,
of the fix eldelt
^hhou'-hooil arc
uRceiit vWlas in
ly olTulculum
,f the mou.Uain,
iih of white (lone

ind i-'rafcati wai
Cicero ; und ^t.
in the I ith cen.
on lh«' lite of hn
n a\»bcy of Greek
ittiiFerrata. Fraf-

n of Scotland, in
I Bood harhour for
a manufaflure of
^i\ on the German
the point of Kin-
a m N Aberdeen.

i8 N. , . .

mofSwifTerland.m

vhich takes its name

pnaftery,7mNBern.

vnofW Pruffia.in

Muvienburg, on ine

KElbing.

,^.n of Swiffcrlaiid,

,nofThurgau, with

,s fcated on an mi-

, lat. 47 33 N-

^n of Upper Sar.'),

iver Boberifch, »o m

„ of Poland, in the
n, which h^s a gr-^^i
; oKt-n. Ne»rtb..
tainedbytheSwedn
f,7o6. Itftandson

^wt of the duchy o£|
le river Wcnue,i3'n

,,fiedtownofthellatc
}»ynn county, ana
Simon inand, >v^hj
ioui harbour, 70 »"»*

a town of Furt'»'=;

a town

of Dcnmaiki

V H K

in »fi»* iflo of Zd'aiul, with a caftic and
|mIii'', in lU'Mvk Ci)priili;i|{rn

FnJiriijOurff, a Jt)k* 11 «tl' Vir){ini,i, ca-
pital of SpitHylviiii.i county, anil a
pi. ■•€; ofconlidir.ihlf tradi-. It iilitiian-
on tlif U ippih.iiiiioc, 44 in i^nk Kich-
inoiKl. I.on 77 i^ w, I, It. <X aa n.

iVf<Arir/i/<n^, .1 I.) milli fori, on the
Gold coali oCGuMKM. nc.tr Ci|)e I hr<v-
poMttH, 6j in wsw C.tp<' Cu.»f> ^'.illli:
Lon. I 5 v. lat. 4 TO s

i'rfilfiicjhaU, .1 (rapo/t of Norw.iy,
in the province nrAx^fritiuys, liiuatf at
thi' inoitth of the river TilU-, in a bay
called tltf S^iiicrtind. I'lic h-irtiotir it
r.ife 'ti\d coiniitodioiis ; hut thr lar.,'e
quantity on'aw-dull brounlil down lite
five;- from tli<.' diUcrtint fAW.millii, oc-
caiions .tn anr ual expi-nfc to clear it
away On tlic oppuiiic lidc ol" the
rivcf is tli»; hitherto imprcRiialili.' for-
ircl"* of Ficdrricllcin ; at tin- lifge of
wliicli. in 171S, Chaiict) xii ufSwedrn
w.is killed by a initlket hail. It is 60
m ssK Chridiania. Lua. ji 25 »:, lat.

59 7 w-

I'Vederie/ham^ a town and fortrdk of

Runia, in Can>lla. It is neatly built,

the llrerts going off like radii from a

centre. Here, in 1783, an interview

was held between the cmprefi* of RiiflTu

jiid the king of Sweden. Ic ia liatcd

near the gul*^ 'if Finland, 68 m wsw

Wiluirg. Lon. \8 iB K, lat. 60 36 n.

VrtJcriiJlad, a town of Norway, in

the province of Aggerhuys, und the

moll regular fortrcCs in this part of

Norway. It has a conliderable trade

ill ded timber, and is fcaied on the

Glomme, 15 m wmw Frcdcriclh.tid.

Vrtdericjiadt a town of Deiiin.irk, in
S Jutland, at the conflux of the Tren
with the Eyder, 17 m sw Slefwick.

I'ledericfvorrit a town of Norway, in
theprounce of Aggerhuys, on the Ica-
coaft, 5 m s by w Laurvig.

Vrederidowny a town of Maryland,
capital of Frederic coiitity, with fou/
edifices for ptiblic worlhip, and an ele-
Sant court-houfe- It has a conlider-
able trade with the back country, and
is fitu,ite near the Monocacy, 36 m
>>Nw Wafliington, and 38 w by n Bal-
limortf. Lon. 77 is w, lat. 39 aa n.

^'rederiiioivn, ' the capital of New
Bri'nfwick, on the river St. John, which
iithus far navigable for Hoops. It is 90
p. above the city of St. John. Lon. 66
jjow, lai. 46 20 N.

I Freehold, or Monmouth, a town of
New Jerfey, chief of Monmouth coun-
ty. Herein 1778, general Walhington
Jltacked fir Henry Clinton on his retreat
fiom Philadelphia, and the latter loft

F R E

3^)0 rnrn. (t i« aum >». Brutifivick, and
JO ^■ Trciitoi..

Frr />3it, a town of the diltii>J> of
M.irii, III Cuinhorlantl county, at the
hi.ul ot ('ali.'o biy. 10 m nk Porll.ind.

t'leitawn, a feaport of Otiinra, ca«
pit.il of the colony of Siena Leone.
Tlie h II hour hat three wh.irfit. and la
prote^leil by a b.ttiery. h Hands on
the s fidf of the nur Sierra Leone,
near itieiitiaiKC into llic Atl.iiJtic ocean.
Lou I a 56 w, lit. b 30 N.

I're/if/, a cipe of France, in the de-
p.irtineiit of Ctites dii Nord, 13 m to
the w of Si. M.ilo. Loll, a 15 w, lat-
4ii 41 N.

I'Vrjui, a town of France, in the d<f-
partnient <'f Vir. By the Konians it
wad c tiled Fiinnii Jiilii , and had then
a p')rt on tin; Medileir.kucm, from
which it is now two miie.i. It is the
birlhpix of that great Komnn gcnvral
and philolophrr Agricoia ; and near it
fome fine rem.tinit of antiquity are itill
vifible. It is lcate«l near the river Ar-
gciis, in a morale, 40 m nk Tculon-
Lon. 6 44 f., lat. 43 26 n.

I'renaii U Kiiomte, a town of France,
in the iiep..rtm'.nt of Sartc, 9 in tisw
Aleiu;on.

Fn/fiillo, a town of New Spain, in
the province 'of Zacatccas, 3a m nnw
Zacatecas.

I'teitdtnbergt a town of Francnnia, on
the river Maine, 3 m w VVfrtheim.

J'Wudeni/urg, aiowD of Wtftphalia, in
the county of Hoya, i3mbby w Bremen.

I'WiuIenjIad, a Urong town of Suabia,
in the Black forelt, built to defend the
pairtij- i"lo that forert. In 1796,11 was
taken by the French. It is z^ m SSK
Baden.

Freiidenthalt a town of Silcfia, in the-
principality of Troppau, ceh'bratcd for
its breed of hoilVs, and manufadure of
tine linen ; leatcd near the Mohra, 24 m
w Troppau.

Fnybergy a town of Upper Saxony,
in Milhia, with a caltlc. in the environs
are mines of copper, tin, lead, and fil-
ver. Here is the ufual burying-placs
of the princes of the houfe of Saxony.
It is filuate on a branch of the Mulda,
15 m sw Drefdon. Lon. 13 2a w, lat.

50 56 N.

Freyberg, a town of Moravia, in the
ci»-"'e of Olmutz, 16 m sw Tefchen>
and 48 f: Olmutz.

Vreyburg, a town of Silefia, near the
river FoUhitz, 7 m nw Schweidnitz.

Freyenfliviy a town of Brandenburg,
in the mark of Pregnitz, on the fron-
tiers of Mecklenburg, 2; m nk Perl«*
berg.

Sa

■+/*'-i

Fni

Frffffiwtif'tf,* town of Bran<!«ihttr|r,
in the MkuIIp mark, ncjr wh'cli ^re
minenl fpringt and CMicnfl'C aliire
worki It i» r«atc(l on the CXter, j6 m
nt. nvrlin.

h're!^i»/(0»> ■ town of \^^y^r\i, ca-
pital of .1 prini-ipalitv Hitr liifhoprio)
of the f.ime niim**. The iMthrilr^l and
paLier iirr br.iniiful ftrii^liii«*i. It v^aii
taken by th»« French in i7^[6. It in finted
ona mountnin, near the Her, lo m nni
Munich. Ton ii 50 >,lai 48 at n.

I'rttfflndtt a town t»f Germany, In
the cdinity of ( at/rni'lliMiboKcn, near
the Rhine. lA m wnw |).irm(tiiclt.

Vrtyjlfldt^ a town of {Iiin)(.try, wifh
K ciftlc fiMtcd on th*> Waa(!t uppufiie
Leopold n.idt.

Irtyjindt, a town of Moravin, In the
princip ili(y «>f Tefchen, with a cadle,
on the rivrr Ella, 8 m nnw Tclchtn.

Frejfjlat, a town of Silefla, in the
principality of Ologau, with an ancient
caftle, 14 m NP. Sagan.

Freyjlat, a town of Auftria, which

bap a cicat trade in worded, 17 m u \'.n^.

Friojt a town of Sp:>in, in Old C.il-

tilet (eated on a hill, near the river Ebro,

3i m KNK Burgos.

tViburffy one of the cantonR of Swif-
fcrlanii, furrounded by the canton of
Bern, h h ffrtile in corn, fruiti .nut
pafture ; and the checic made in tins
canton i« deemed the belt in 8wifi-r-
land- The inhabitants are papills.

Friburjf, a fortified town of Swilfer-
land, capital of the canton of the (lime
name. It is Seated in a hilly diftri^t,
on the river Saneni which divides it
into two parts; that on the w fide
Handing on plain ground, and the other
among rocks and hills. The public
buildings, efpccially the cathedral, are
▼ery handfome ; and the bilhop of Lau-
fanne refidcs here. Three m from this
town i8 a celebrated hermitage, cut in
a rock, faid to be the work of one
wan, with his fervant, who performed
It in 25 years. Friburg was taken by
the French in 179R. It is iB m sw
Bern, and 30 ne Laufanne. Lon. 7 15
X, lat. 46 43 N.

Friburjr, a town of Suabia, capital of
Brifgau. The Iteeple of its great church
is the fined in Germany ; and here is
a univcrfity, a college formerly belong-
ing to the jel'uits, and feveral convents.
The inhabitants are famous for polifh-
ing cryAal and precious ftones. It has
been often taken ; the laft time by the
French, iiv 1796. It is fcated on the
Trifer, 53 m s by w Buden. Lon. 7 58
t, lat. 48 3 M.
Friburg, a town of Upper Saxony,

rri I

In Th\\T\r\%H, %\x\\ a cadle on a iiimin<
tiin, fituatc on the UiiArul» j m mmw
Naiimburg.

Fritrnii, a town of Nitplei, In Prfn-
eipato Ulii I. HI ar the livci 'I'ripaitu, »<,
m KH nrnrvi nto.

Fr'nIuH, a t )wn of Germany, in Stiria,
on tliff river Uiave, tj m Kik March*
burg.

lri(itit% » town of Moravia, in tlie
circle of i'tfchrn, on the river Oder, u
' Tekhen

i njftnt a town of Suabia, on the
D.»nnl)f, )o m sw Ulm.

Ftietlbtrgt a tov n of Germany, in
Wrttcravia, lately imperial ; leatcd (in
a mountain, by the river Uibach, ij m
N by K Frankfort.

irieJbera;, a frontier town of Davaria,
with acinU', fitnate on the Lecltfeld, 0
m ». Augfburg, and 30 nw Munich.

FiitJberx, a town of Silcfia, in the
principality of Schweidnitat. A little n
of the town ;> battle was gained by (he
king of Pruflla, over the AuHriani*, in
171^. It is 7 m NW Schwridiiiix.

iritdburjf, a town of Germany, in
fttiria, on the river Pink and froiititrs ot
Hungary, .^3 m ni Grat/.

FrifJburj^, a town of Weftphili.i, In
£Fricnaiid,witha callle, aj m » Kmdei).

FriedUindt a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Oppelcn, on the livtr
Steina, 11 m k Ntifle.

Friedland, a town of Lower Saxony,
in Mecklenburg, Icatrd in a fMnmpf
country, on thcfronticiBof Pomtranu,
16 m ssw Anclam.

Frifdiand, a town of Hohemia, on the
confines of Lufitia, 7 m y.sv. Zittau.

Friedland, a town of Pruflla, whrre
the French, under Bonaparte, gained a |
complete vitflory over the Itufli.m.i in ,
1807. It is leatcd on the Alia, a8 msij
Konigfberg.

Friendly Tjlands, a group of iflaniiil
in the S iHacific oce;m, fo named by|
Cook, in 1773, on account of the friend-
(hip that appeared to liibfld among thej
inhabitants, and their courteouo be*
haviour to ftrangers. Tafman, a Dutclil
navigtitor, firft touched here in i64'>|
and gave the names of Amftcrdam^
Rotterdam, and Middlcburg, to thrrcj
of the principal iflands. Cook expIor.[
ed the whole clufter, which he found
to confilt of more than ao iflands, th'j
principal of which are Tongatabno, oq
Amfterdam ; Eaoowe, or Middlcburg ;
Annamooka, or Rotterdam; HapaeeJ
and Lefooga. The firft, which is th(
largeft, lies in 174 46 w Jon. and 11 9!
lat. The general appearance of theid
iiland* conveys an idea o£ the mol

Si^

of Surtbia, on the

nof Hohcmta.onthe
I, 7 m FSK ZittaiJ.
,M> of Piufl'u, whfre
■ Bonaparte, gained a
over the Uuffi.ins in
ontheAUa, aSmsil

a group of iflandi
ocean, fo named b)r|
account of the fi lend- i
1 to lubfift among the
their courteous bc-l
■rs. Tafman.aDutch
ouchcd here in 164'.
lames of AmfterdamJ
Middkburg, to thrr:
nands. Cook explorj
iftor, which he found
re than ao iflands, tti.
ch are Tongataboo, ofl
oowe, or Middleburg

Rotterdam; Hapa«j
The firft, which '8 thj
,446 w Ion. and II 9^
al appearance of M

an Idea o£ the r^4

FRI

«iin>»fTant fcrtiliiy y the rurr«cr, at t
^irtiiici-. frfmi entirely cictthrd with
tree* of varioui (Ixci, (time uf which
»ix very br{;r. p.irtlriil:irty the till
«(icoa p.ilm, and 4 Iprcim of f\g with
narrow pointed le'ivcti. On cKifcr rxa-
tnination, tlicv Mt jlinolt wholly laid
out in pljnNtioni, In which are fume
*>f the riclirft prodni**ion4 i>( n.iture;
inch «« brr.id-frnit ami cocoa niit tic<'«i

f>lantain*, yamft, fuKur^cmri, and a fruit
ike a ne<?tuin«!. The (lork of qua*
drupedi W.11 fcanty; hnt th<>y received
from Cook, fomr vjhublc .ulditioni,
both tu the animal and vr^rt ibh* king-
dom. Their domt-Hic fuwU are aa
larg«> at thnfr of Europe. Among the
bird< are parrot* and p.irroqiKtu of va-
doui forti, which furnilh the nul lea-
ther! fo much eftcemt'd in tli- Society
illet. T^:. numerous rcel'd and (ho.iU
ariTord (Itelicr for an i-ndiclii variety of
fhellfilb. Thofr iflandi are all inha-
bited by a race uf people, who cultivatr
the earth with great nutndry ; and na-
ture, afTided by a little art. |.ippeari no
where in greater Iplendour. A{]ricul*
ture, archite«^urc, boat-building, atid
filhing, are the errpluymcnt of the
men; to the women is confined the
manufa^urc of cloth-

Friefach, a town of Germany, in
Carinthia, with a ftrong caftle on a
mountain ; featcd on the Metnit/, ij m
MNi: Clagenfurt.

Friefland, one of the province* of
Holland, bounded on the n by the
German ocean, w by the Zuider zee,
8 by the fame and Overyflel, and e by
Overyfll'l and Groningcn. This coun-
try much relcmbtcB the province of
Holland in its foil, canals, and dikes.
Lewarden is the capital.

Friejlandt Fti/i, a principality of
Wedphalia, fo called from its fituation
with refped to the Dutch province of
Friefland. It is 45 m long and 42 broad ;
bounded on the n by the German
ocean, E by Oldenburg, s by Mnnltcr,
and w bjr Groningcn and the German
ocean. The country, being level and
low, is obliged to be fecurcd again ft
inundations by expcnfive dikes. The
land is fertile ; and the paflures feed
horned cattle, horfes, and (beep, of an
extraordinary Cze. On the death of
prince Charles Edward, in 1744, it be-
came fubjcft to the king of Pruflia,
who refigned it by the treaty of Tiilit
in 1807, and it has fince been arnexcd
to Holland. £mden is thecapital.

Friefland, ^eflt that part of Holland,
«ore ufually called North Holland.

Friof Cape, a promontory of J^rafil*

FRO

In the province uf Kin Junefro. Lon.
41 ji w, Ut. ai u ••

Pnjch Uaff, a Mk« or bay of Prudia.
from s to 9 ni broad, nnd ritPtidinn ;«
in length alutig the Hjltic fca, with
which it cominnntcatct by a narrow
palPage, at Pillau.

Frltzlart a fortift^-d town of Ger-
many, in Lower llin"*, with two col-
letfrt an<| a convent, IcatcJ un the lulcr,
ao m Rw c.incl.

Ffiuli, \ province of Italy, hounded
on the N by t arinthia, a by C irni »l«
and the gnit of Tiieft, « l»y ihegnlf of
Venice, and w by Trevilano and liel-
lunelc. It ii rich in timber, catth-, Alk,
wine, and fruit. (Jdma In the capital.

FriuU, or 0'//<i di Friuli, a town of
Italy, in Friuli, with a collegiate church,
and hvc convents. It (\andsat the foot
of tiie mountains which t'eparate Friuli
from Cirniula, on the river N.itii'une, 1^
m NK Udina.

Frodlinjfh0m, a town in F. York (hire,
with a market on Thurfday, ^4 m 1
York, and 194 N London.

FruJjhum, a town in Che(hire, with
a market un Wednefday. Here is a
graving dock and yaid for building and
repairing veirels. It is feated on the
We; ver, near its entrance into th^ ef-
tiiai7 of the Mcrfey, 11 m nk Chtfter,
and 192 NKw London.

Frome, a river which rifes in the vn

Cart of Dorfetlhire, near Werfliot, flowa
y Frampton, Dorchefter, and Ware-
ham, and enters the bay that furn he
harbour of Poole

Frame, a town in Somerfetfhire, with
a market on Wedneiday. It had for-
merly a nsnnaftery, pait of which, con-
verted into tenements for poor families,
may be feen in that part of the town
called Lower Keytoid. The iimnber
of inhabitants was H748 in i8ot. und
949 J in iHit. Here arc conlideiatdft
m inutaiilures of broad cloths ami ker-
feymeres. It is lieated on a rivir of the
lame name, which enters the Avon
above Bath, i: m !i Baih, and 130 w by
s London.

Fionfac, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Cironde, i'cated on the
Dordogne, aa m n t Boiirdeaux.

Fronteira, a town of Portugal, ifi
Alentejo, 17 m ne Eftremos.

Frontenac ; fee Kingjion, in Canada.

Fronti^nan, a town of France, in the
department of Hcrault, celebrated for
its mufcadine wine, generally called
Frontigniac- It is feated on the lake
Maguleone, la m asw Montpellier-

Froyen, an illand in the North fea«
near the coaft of JNorwayy about n a

"'f^ '

f^i

mi

i\ '<■

,:/q-t

ii

it
If

m
m

pi;''

Tin.

In drcumrrrcnce. Loii. 9 o c. I«t 6j

Frutinjffm, M tn«rn </ Swiffi rlnntti In
the caitfon of llrii), 41 m «k Frititirv.

Fiy/hurjf, a iiiwn of thr ililln^t itf
Mmii'*. i'l York cotmiy^, witit a (iourilh
inc lead' my ( Tiutcd ne ir the h brttich
•r thr onipri*. ft

w

York.

) m w by
Lou 70 51 »v, ht 4.» 157 N.

Fufjfi, tme of i\\v Ciipe Vrr«l inuuti,
in thr Atiuitic ttrr^iw and n volcjno,
which htirni rontiiiii.illy It ii much
hi<hrr th.in awj of thr rrft, 4111'. iV^nu
to be n iiiigle niouni.iin xt fra, bur on
tht Add there arc do p v.tll*7«. It h.m
no river, ami iialmoft «l«-ftttuti' of frrili
wntrr ; hut I* frrtilt- in nui/.c, gotiidR,
wild figi, nrangci, and applcn, .itid ha*
n grc^t niimlKT of wild goali. Luir 34

JCW, 1.11. 14 S4 N-

• fuen-lchtiu, a city of Chin.i, in the
pri»vinc»* of Chan (i. Il^rc an- hot
trithSi which attrai5t a great tiiinibrt of
Itr.ingerA. IiHdi(trii5l coiit.tini one city
of the iVcond and fevcn of ilw thin!
cl.iN. It i« li'.iu'd on thr livrr I'ucn,
iKo m sw Peking. Lon. in :o i', l.it.

t'Utulf Duenna, a town of Sp^in, in
NewCallilt', ic.ittd on ih«' Taj**, J5 m
»t M.idiiv'.

1'iient,' (iitmlJo, a town of Spain, in
EllriMiiaJiir.1. In 17.34 it wai takrn and
phindcrcd hy the Pi'ftugiule. It is i6
III Nw Coria.

Fueiite Ovcjuna, a town of Spain, in
Andalulia, near thr Ibiiicc of the Oua*
diato, ^4 in nw Coriiov.i.

Fuarre, a (own of New Spain, in
Cin.iloa, on llic livvr Incite, 70 m n Ly
w Cinalua.

Fufj/en, a town of Siiahi.i, in tlur
principality of A»ij;fbiir»r, with an an-
cient calllc, aiid a lufit(li«niiic abbey.

It commands the pais into H.ivaiia and "Mf, lat. ^i ^8 N

TVS

Icgr, ami a uiilvirtity It U iciitfti on
thr PiiIcIji, 51 m * Ciiirel l.on 9 4I I,

Ut. i,n 14 ^>

Fnlhnm, ^ «itltti;r i' Miiltl'ifrx, 4 m
w hy l.otiilort, ff .t'd oti thr Th.mi t%
ovt r whiv'h i* « WOiHlrri Un k, to
I'li'n-'y. It hrt» Iwfti th- <!• i»t ii» of
the tiiOiop* of !.• iidoii (vrr linee the
c >n(|urll h> ir ib<'V have < pil "'e | and
in the chiiuhv trd are tht torn >« uf
((•vet.il of ihe prcUtf*.

FulluHt (I coiiit'ry In th»* inirrior of
Atiic.i, ^ o' ihf kiinTiJo-n r»f Cilllna.
The hunndari«'»h,»vv M'lt b«en )fcert4in>
ed, nor hm thr »i«iv of th« country heen
i|c''crllM»|. The dreU of the native*
rrfi-mbU!* the plaulu ol thr Scotch high.
I.itidert.

Vulnek, a tnwn andcjflh* of Mor ivi.i,
on the frontim of uilefia, 26 m knr
I'rer.iii

I'lindial, the c.ipital 'of Madrira,
fthialc ro'tnd a bay, mi tlw jj'-nlle afcrnt
of fume hill<i. .\n old c.«nie, which
L'oniniands the road, f\an<lM on the tu|>
of .1 flerp bl.K k roci<, tailed the I.ou
Kock, fiirronnded l)y the tea at high
water \ till re are alf 1 thre«' 01 her foiti,
and Icvcrd hatterit*. The ftr'et-> are
naiiow and diriy, thnuxh Areami uf
water run thrfnign them. I he honli-i
arc Iniilt of rreedonc, «ir brick* | but
they are d.irk, and only a few «)t the
bell arc provided with glafn wiiidovvs;
Ihe otiicii have a kind uf lattice work
in their (lead, which hangn on hingeit.
The l)e.imi and roof of the cathetlr.il
are of cetlar. The chief curiofity hrrc
iH .1 clianilier in the Francifcan convent,
which han the walls and cicling covcud
with liiim.in fkulls and thigh-boncg, laid
to \w. the leiics of holy men who have
died on the iHaiid. The town contains
alniiit 11,000 inhabitantCi. Lon. 17 6

Tyrol, and is fcaied on tiit L<'ch, t,o m
s yVugfburg. Lon- 104'; r, I it. 47 .'?4 n-
Fiilii, or Fuu/if, the moll wrdern of
the Slietland ill.mds, ^ in loii^ and hilf
as much broad. It .TirortU palliiraKc for
fliccp. Tlic only laiidin,^; pl.icc, called
Ham, is on the r. luie. Lon. i 37 w,

lilt. 60 29 N.

/•'«/</</, a principality (late bifliopric; of
Germany, in the circle of Upprr Khitie ;
lidundid on tin; k liy Thiiriii^jia ;iiid
Wurtzbuig, and on the other lldcs iiy
Wetleravia and Ihflc. It contains 760
Apiare m, and is very bleak and moun-
tainoui).

Fulda, a town of Ccrmrrny, capital
of the principality of the fame name.
Here are m.my fine buildings, particti-
Jitrly the palace, three churches, a coU

Fuudy, a biy of N America, between
livw En(;l.ind and Nov.i Scotia, remark-
able for it8 titles, which rife from the
hc!;,'ht of ,}0 to (<o feet, and llow rapidly.
It extends about aoo m in a n e direc-
tion ; .ind at the upper part is divided
into two arms, by a peninfnla of Nov.i
Scotia, the w point of which is called
tape Shcgneto. In the bafui of Minas,
the K arm of the bay, the tidei rife 40
feet ; and in Shegneto channel, the ne
arm, they rife (>o feet. The latter
liranth, with V< it b^y, which pulhei
into the l-iiid in i ^w diredtion from
Northiimbi rland ftrait, form an ifthmui
of only urn wide, which unites Nova
Scotia to New Brunfwick.

FuneK,.\n ifland of Denmark, 150 m
in circuraterencc ; feparatcd from Jut-

Fir ft

Rffl hy a ftrtit, caII^cI thr f.ittlr* n< It,
And frotii /•■nUiiil, l)y ih) (triMt ||<-lt
1l U fvrtlU in pafturr unit jt'Jiiri, :iiicl rx.
port! (o N»rw4y, b^rl^'y, imU, rye, <tii<l
pcJ*. O.lfiilir u Ihrr.ipiii^l

VuHfk'irthtn, Of ht%<t ( hurrfiftt^n tplf.
copal town of l|iM)(.iry. Dniatr in «
frrtile foiintty, )>«itvi-vn ih^ Drave uiiJ
the D^niil)**, Hs m «<w Hiula. Lun. il
i.t ■• lAt 4t> I a N

/•W/y, a town of Napira, in Abruxxo
Citr.i, it m %*i H'tlmon't.

i'urnfi, * lowii 1)1 lilt NrdirrlAiitii, in
Fl initi-rt, Ir.itrd ii> i' tlir Grrm^ititcciii,
on ilir caiitt from nru)(c» Iw Onnliirk.
Il WM one of thi- lMiri(>r towtm t liit, in
I?"'! <mp»'ror J.tdph ii rxpillecl Ih^
Dutch K.irrilt)n. |i waa luktMi Ity tl>e
French in 1791,4^1 i« it in » Otitiliiili.

I'un itkiihatltA town of Hiniloo(l.in,
in thf tfiritDry «»<" Rohilciinil, tMpltal of
a rm.iH (lillri(5), .iltotit )o in long, on tlic
right \\A\\V (if thr OaiiKr*. wliirh he-
longa to a t iiirf of the t'atan Kohilij
tribe. It ii I'cited on the Oangrs 70 nf\
R Agr.i,4iul 76 Nw I.ucknow, Lon 79
30 *v, Ul. 17 18 N.

l-'u/linuu, .1 town of W'fflphali.i. in
the princip.ility of Oinabiirg, ij m kw
Quakenbmg.

I'urjltHift^, .1 principality of Suiltia,
bftwern the Ml.ick foted ami tiitr prin*
cipality of Ct>nlt-tnctf. In this ft;ttc the
river D.iiiiilm bin iti rile.

I'urj/fnbfrjf, a town of Sii:ibia, in tin-
principality of the (vnt name, with an
ancient calUf on a mountain, near the
Danobe, 17 m s by w RolhwcH l.oii.
t ;,5 E, l.tt. 47 5.J N.

I'ur^Unberif, A town of IJpprr Sax-
ony, in Luiatia, on ihc river Oder, 1 1
m s by V. I'rankfort.

FurjUnl)rri(, a town of Lower Saxony,
in Mecklenburg Strelit'Z, on the rivor
Havel, 10 m s Strclitz.

i'urjhnfeldt a town of Germany, in
Siiria, with a cadic, on tht: river Aiift-
nitz, JO m 8 Oratz.

FurJitnivalJ, a town of Brandrnlmrg,
in the Middle mark, li-ated on the Spree,
lam BSi-: Berlin.

yurjfeniutrdtr, a town of Branden-
burg, in the Ucker mark, 11 m nw
Prenzlo.

Furtfi, a town and c.nftle of Lower
Bavaria, on the river Cham, 10 m nc
Cham.

Furth, a town of Franconia, in the
principality of Anfpach, feated on the
Kednit/, 5 m nw Nuremburg.

fut.ipourt a town of Hi; dooftan, in
Allahabad, .14 m ess Corah, and 66
WW Allahabad.

fujbini, * town of Pf rfia, ia Chora-

O AD

fjtn, rflfhriffef »or th# ^eallly of Uie
cyprrft-iieft in iti vicinity It U filutU'
Oh ihff tlv»liu«)d, fo m Kw lltr.tt.

/>»>/, one of Iht At'itd*, or Wf(l»m
illiiulti It i« \vi II CI iiivNi«<d. and ha*
alitind.inci* of chrftiutt. bffchc, nivi -
tick, iiid itpc-fi». Tl'e <;o»tflgit of thff
rommtti prof,|i» urr builf of r\\v,
th.»tchi'^ with Itr.iw , anJ Atr fnull, b> t
thinly .iinl rot -I The molt umfid.j'
able placi* iic.ilird VdU dr lloria. l.on.
ii y> w, tat. ,tfl )a N.

IWrj I Ice I'.ij^ert.

Ij>if, l.nih in .Srotlmd, an Inlet nf
thr AiUn'ic, ill Ai|ryt«'lbirc, nmrl)' 40
m luiij{. It rTCivfk iiiid rriiirnt a tiilu
on e.cli lid of the 'flc of Atih, wl,i h
is oppoliu* lit entrance II i« in*
dented with bay* ( .itui in the hrriii.g
(vafon il the rcluri «>f Mintrroua findi g

VclVrll.

I'tftthiiit, a rlfy of lliii'loorian, in live
territory ot Oudr, ol wlicn it wa^ once
the cipital. Here arc the lemaini i»t a
vafl p.ilacc of »hc lite naboln. Tbo
ciiy i;! populoim ; btit lince the removal
of the Cnwrt of Olid*' to [.iiiknow. it
hak ilecliiifd in wi alth. It it leaird on
the Go^ra, 70 m t l.ucknu>v. Lun. ba
26 R, lut. i(t 46 N.

G.

(uihnrtt, a town of France, in the »lr.
partnu-nt ofGrr*, leated on thr Oi-lille,
16 ni w Co ilom.

(itibft, a fortified town of Bohemia,
whicli comm nida the paft into Luiatia.
It in 8 m • Zittau.

(iabtit or i-iabs ; fee Cubej.

i'mbintit a villa^^c of France, in the
department of Her.iult, y m nw Beziers.
It Iu4 a mineral i'pring ( and nei- it is
a ro<"k from which ifriies petroleum.

dabin, a town of Poland, in the pa*
latinatc of Rava, 50 m nw Warlaw.
Lon. 19 45 E, lat. 3 J a6 n.

Gabun, a country of Guinea, bounded
on he N by Majomho, K by Anziko, s
by Loango, and w by the Atlantic. It
has u river of the fame name, which
enters the Atlantic a little n of the
cqninodi.il line. The chief town is
Sette.

GaJfbujt/i, a town of Lower Saxony,
in Meckknbiirg.near which the Swedei
di'lVatril the Danes and •'^axons in 171s.
It ir» 16 m NNW Schwnin.

GuJemh, or GadunitSy a town of Dar-
bary, in Biicdulgerid, capital of a coun-
try of the fame name. Caravans travel
hence to Bornou and Tumbu^tuo, and

',, - I iU'ii'

GAL

it U a place of confidcrable t ade. It ii
170 m sw Tripoli. Lon > 40 e, lat.

30 40 N.

Gaeta, a ftro'.^ town of Nnplci, in
Terra di Lavoro, '•vith a f »rt, a citadiM,
and a hirbour. Oppolilc the great por-
tal of the cathedral is an am. que
column, marked with tho u.ime ot iht?
winds in Oieck and Lnlm. Ntai tl.is
town WiU the Formian villa of Cicer<; ;
and tradition pomtBout its fite, md the
>'er3r Ipot vvht-re he was butchered.
Gaeta uas takon hy the Aultririnb in
1707, by the bpaniaids in 17.^4. and by
the French in j8o6. It ii (caied at th<'
foot of a mountain, on the gulf of
Cacta, 30 m wNw Capua. Lon. 13 47
u, lat. 5 1 30 N.

Gago, a town of Negroland, capital
of a conntry of the fame name, which
abounds in rice, corn, and mirics of
gold. It is 309 m ssB Tombudoo.
Lon. 3 30 E, lat. II ION.

Gaildorf, a town of Franconia, in
the lordftiip of Limburg> with a caftle,
near the river Kocher, 13 m w El wan-
gen.

Gail/ac, a to'vn of Fiance, in the de-
partment of Tarn, celebrated for its
wine. It is feated on the Tarn, which
is here navigable, 10 m sw Alby.

Gaillorit a town of France, in the de-
partment of Eure* with a magnificent
palace, belunging to the aichbiihop of
Rouen. It is n m t]E Eurcux, and 22
ssE Roum.

Gainjborvu^h, a .own of Lincoln fli ire,
with a market on Tuei'day, feated on
the Trent, over which is a handfoire
ftone bridge. It is a river-port of fojne
confequence, being acccflible to veffels
of fufficient fize tr. navigate the fea \
and feives a? a place of export and im-
port for the N part ol the couniy, and
for Nottinghamfhire. It is 17 m nw
lJncohi,and 149 N by w London. Lon.
o 36 E, lat. 53 %% N.

Gairlochi a large bay of Scotland, on
the w coaft of Rofslhire, which gives
name to a tradt of land near it. The
fifliing of cod, and other white fifli, is
here very confide»'ab!e.

GalacZf or Galufit a town of Euro-
pean Turkey, in Moldavia. In 1790,
it was taken by the Ruflians, after a
bloody battle. It is feated on a lake,
near the conflux of the Pruth with tiie
Danube, 55 m w Ifmael, and 120 saw
Bender^ JLon. z8 24 e, lat. 45 24 n.

Galapagos, a number of ifl/inds in
the Pacific ocean, difcovcred by the
Spaniards, and fo named from the great
labundance of tortoifes found among

GAL

them. They lie under the equator, ofF
the coaft i,r Peru, between lat. 8«} and
92 w There are on,ly nine of them of
any oonfidnable fi/e ; but the whole
are harrcn, and uninhabited.

Gfilajhieht a town of Scotl.md, in
?clkirk(h'ie, with a manufadnre of
woollen cloth, ki.nwn by the name of
OahfliieU Gr.iy. It is feated on the
Gala, nti' its conflux with the Tweed,
5 m N Selkirk.

Gdhyh, a river of N^^plcs, in Otranto,
which rifes nt-ar Oria, and runs into the
gulf of T-irento.

Galbnlly, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Limei Ick. Wixe are the ruins
of a confiderablc monaltery. It is 10
m ssw Tipperary, and 27 se Limerick.

Galitia, a country in the sw part of
Poland, which extends 320 n. from k to
w, and 290 in breadth. It comprifca
Little Poland, the greateft part ot Red
RufTia, and a flip of PodoHa to the w
of tlic river Bog. This territory was
forcibly fcizcd by the Auflrians in 177*
and 1795, and incorporated into the
Auflrian dominions, under the appella-
tion of the kingdom of Galicia and
Lodomeria. The mountainous parts
produce fine paflure ; the plains are
moflly Tandy, but abound in forefts.and
are feriilc in corn. The principal arti-
cles of traffic are cattle, hides, wax,
and hc;;cy ; and thefe countries contain
mines nf copper, lead, iron, and fait, of
which the latter are the mofl valuable.
This country Is divided into Eaft Gali-
cia and Wefl Galicia, of which the ca-
pitals are Lcmbnrg and Cracow. In
1B09, Weft Galicia was ceded to Sax-
ony, and part of Eaft Gaiicia to RiifTia.

Galicim, a province of Spain, bounded
on the N and w by the Atlantic, s by
Portugal, Av.l. E by Afturias and Leon.
The air is 'emperate along the coaft,
bui in other places cold and moift. It
is thin of people. The produce is wine,
flax, and citrons. Here alio are copper,
tin, and lead ; and the forefts yield
wood for buildmg fliips. Compolteila
is the r apital.

Galicm, Nciu ; fee Guadalaxara.

Calipia, a town on the e coaft of
Tunis, with a oaftle that commands the
beach, 56 m v- Tunis.

Galijiio, a town of Spain, in Eft."e-
madura, 10 m nw Placentia.

Calitfch, a town of RufTia, in the
government of Koftroma, on the s fide
of a lake of its name, 56 m ene Kof-
troma. Lon. 22 54 E, lat. 57 56 N.

Gall, St- a new canton of SwifTerland,
boidering on the lake of Conftance, be-

f ^

Vt^-

cciuator, off
n lat. 8() and
ic of them of
It the wholu
d.

Scotl.ind, in
nufa^ure of
f the name of
eatcil on the
h the Tweed,

8, in Otranto»
I runs into the

reland, in the
•e are the ruins
tcry. It is lo
7 SE Limerick,
he sw part of
ao n. from k to
It comprifca
eft part ot Ked
dolia to the w
I territory was
uftrians in 177*
orated into the
\tr the appclia-
of Galicia and
intainous parta
the plains are
(1 in forefts, and
e principal arti-
le, hides, wax,
Duntries contain
iron, and fait, of
E moft valuable.
I into Eaft Gali-
)i" which the ca-
id Cracow. In
3 ceded to Sax-
laiicia to Ruflia.
•Spain, bounded
le Atlantic, s by
urias and Leon,
along thecoaft,
d and moift. It
produce is wine,
: alio are copper,
he forefts yield
IS. Compoltella

uadalaxara-

\ the B coaft of

it commands the

Spain, in Eft-e-
:entia.

Ruflia, in the
Tia, on the s fide
56 m ENE Kof-
lat. 5756N.
mofbwiflerland,
)f Conftancc, bc-

G AL

twcen the cantons of Tliurgau and Ap-
penzel. It contains th(> tirritories of
Toggenburg and Rheinthal.

Gall, St. or St. Gallen, a town of
Swin>rland, capital of ilu- canton of St.
Gall. It has a rich abbey, whoio ;'.bbot
formerly ponilled the loviMcigiity ot the
town, but hia territory is now diUindt.
The town is entirely piotfftaiit; and
the Aibje<il3 of tin; abbot aie ninllly
catholics. Thr town 'tas an extcrlivc
trade, arifing chieHy from its liiuii ma-
nulactures and bli-achin^' grounds. It
is feated in a narrow valley, on two
linall ftreams, 35 m t Zurich. Lon. 9
18 E, lat. 47 21 N.

Gallaniy a town of Ncgroland, ca-
pital of a kingdom of the fame name,
on the river Senegal. The French built
a fort here, which was ceded to t!u.'
Englifli in 1 763. During the American
war it was taken by the French, but
rellored in 1783. Lon. 10 o w, lat. 14
35N.

Gallardon, a town of France, m the
department of- Eure and Loir, la m
NE Chartres.

Galle, or Point de Galle, a feaport on
the s coaft of Ceylon, in a rich and
beautiful diftrid, with a ftrong fort,
and a iccure harbour. It is populous,
and in point of trade ranks next to
Columbo. The chief branch of its
iraflRc confifts in the exportation of fifh
to the continent ; but a great part of the
produdlsof the ifland are alio fliipped
here for Europe. It is 85 m s by e
Columbo. Lon. 80 10 e, lat. 6 o n.

Galliapolis, a town of the Itate of
Ohio, on the river Ohio, nearly oppolite
the influx of the Great K.uihaway, i ^o
mu by s Cincinnati, and J90 v^\\ Pitif-
burg. I,on. 82 9 w, lat. 38 .^j^ n.

Gallipoli, a ftrait between European
and Afiatic Turkey, the ancient Hellef-
pont, which forms the communication
between the Archipelago and the fea of
Marmora. It h defended at the sw
entrance, which is 2 m over, by two
caftles ; and 18 m higher, at a narrower
part, by two other caftles. See Dartla-
iielles.

Gallipoli, a feaport of European Tur-
kef, in Romania, the relidence of a
pacha, and the fee of a Gvec k bilhop.
it contains about 8oco Turks, 4000
Greeks, and 3000 Jews. Ii is built on
apeninfula that forms two harbours,
which frequently receive the imperial
flfets; and behind the town are Ibme
perpendicular rocks, which are fortified
»nd furmounted by an old caftle. It
liands on the ftrait of the fame name,
>t its broad entrance from the kw of

CJ AM

Marmora, 100 m sw Conlcantinoplc
Lon. 26 59 B, lat. 40 26 N.

GaUljipli, a feaport of Naples, iri
Teira d'Otranto, and a bHliop's (i-e.
Th's placi: i". a great mart for olive oil,
and has a munufadure of mullin.s. It
is feated on a rocky iflind, on the s
Ihorc of the b.\y of Tor into, anil joined
to the mainhmd by a bridge, proteded
by a Tort, 23 m w Otranto. Lon. 185
K, l,it. 40 20 N .

Gallo, an ifland in the P.icific ocpan,
near the coaft of I'cru ; the firft place
pofTcfled by the Spaniards, when they
attempted the conqueft of Peru. Lon.
800 w,lat. 2 ;>o N.

Gutlonvaift a diftritfl of Scotland, now
divided into Eall and Weft Galloway,
or KirkcuJbrightjhiret and Higtonjhlri:-
It was famous tor a particular breed of
fma'.l horfes, called galloways.

Galloiuayt New, a borough of Scot-
land, inKirkcudbrightfliire, neatly built,
and fituatc in a ricli vale, on the river
Ken, 14 m N Kirkcudbright.

Calmier, St. a town of France, in the
department of Loire, with a niedieinal
fpring of a vinous talte, 18 m 1: Mor.t-
brifon.

Galnuay, a county of Ireland, in the
province of Connaught, 82 m long and
43 broad ; bounded on the w by the
Atlantic, n by Mayo and Rofcommon,
E by Rofcommon, King county, and
Tipperary, and s by Clare and Galway
bay. It is divided into 116 pariilies,
and contains about 142,000 inhabitants.
The greater part is very fertile ; but to-
ward the N and w the Ibil is conrfe.
The river Shaimon wnlhes the sk fron-
tier, and forms a lake feveral m iu
length. It fends three membtri to par-
liament-

Gnlivay, a borough and feaport of
Ireland, cnpital of the county of tlie
fiime name. It is furrounded by Ihonj:;
walls, theftreetsaie large and ftrai^:!lr,
and the houfes are generally well bm't
offtone. The harbour is defended hy
a fort. It fends a member to parlia-
ment, has a linen manufafture, and a
conliderable tr 'de in kelp. The falmcn
and herring lii ery is alio conliderable.
It ftands on a buy of the fame name,
on the j^tlantic ocean, 47 m nnw Li-
merick, and 120 w Dublin. Lon. 9 jo
w, lat. /;.3 II N.

Gambia, a river of Africa, which is
fuppufed to rife in the mountains on
the Nw borders of Guinea, and, flowing
Nw and w, enters the Atlantic ocean at
Cape St. Mary. It inundates thf! coun-
try cininully, and is navigable for floops
600 m from ita mouth. The country

:k

5?J

1?':

"<*j

ill ii

'5 fc

1/* .'

I %.

i

1

I.

I-

I

fcl"

IB '(' '''

'iff

G A NT

on its banki was ceded to England by
the peace of 1783.

Cambarnon ; fee Gembren-

Gana, Ganara ; fee Ghana, Ghanara.

Ga/tatt, a town of the empire of Caf-
fina, 2K0 m N by e Agades. Lon. 1430
£, lat. 24 40 N.

GaHd ; fee Ghent-

Ganeicr/heim, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, in the duchy of Brunfwick-Wol-
fenbuttle, wUh a celebrated convent, 1 7
rr ''w Goflar.

Gand'uiy a town of Spain, in Valcnci.ii
w\th a fmall univerfity; featcil on the
Alcoy, near its cntnnce into »br piilf of
Valencia, 32 m s by E Valencia, an J
48 » by E Allcant.

Gaudicotta, .1 town and fortrcls of
Hindooftan, in the circar ofCuddap-,
near which is a diamond mine. It is
feattd on a lofty mountain, by the river
Pennar, 33 m wnw Cuddnpa.

Gandbia, a town of Italy, in Berga-
mafco, 10 m ne Bergaoio.

Gat7^irapatnflm, a town of Hindooftan,
in the Carnatic, at the mcnth of the
Pennar, 94 m n Madras. Lon. 80 iz
u, lat. 14 24 K.

Gangeot or Gaf:ja, a town of Pcrfia,
in the province of Erivan, 105 m s by
E Teflis. Lon. 4550 E, lat. 41 10 n.
Gangelt, n town of France, in the
department of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the duchy of Juliers, 16 m NW
Juliers.

Ganges, a celebrated river of Afia,
which has its fource in two fprings, on
the w fide of Mount Kentaiffc, in Tibet.
The two ftreams take a w diredtion
for 3Com, when meeting tho ridge of
Himmaleh, they turn s, unite their
waters, and form what is properly call-
ed the Ganges, from the Hindoo word
Ganga, which fignifies a river; a term
given it by way of eminence. This
great body of water now forces a paf-
fage thrpugh the ridge of Himmaleh, at
thediflnnceof 400 m below the place
of its firft approach, and, rufliing
through a cavern, precipitates itfclf into
a vaft bafin, at the hither foot of the
mountain. The Ganges thus appears,
to incurious fpeftators, to hnve its
fource from this chain of mountains.
Superftition has jiivcn to the mouth of
the caTein the form of the hc.idofa
cw ; an animal held by the Hindoos in
great veneration ; and it is therefore
called the Gangotri, or the Cow's
Mouth. From this place it takes a sE
diredtion through tlie country of Sirina-
gur, until, at Htirci var, it final!) efcapes
from this mountainous tradt in which it
has wandered 800 m. From Hurdwar,

G A n

where it gtiflies tiirough an opening in
tlio mountains, and enters Hindooftan,
it flows I zoo m with a fmooth navi-
gable llream, through delightful plains,
to the bay of I Cngal, which it enters
by fcvcnl mouths that form an ex-
tcnfivo delta. In its courfc through
titefi; plains, it leceivcs 1 1 rivers, fomc
of them larger ,m<l none fmaller than
the Thanie.^, bofidR many of inferior
tiote. In tlie annual inundation of thia
river, which on an average rifcs 31
feet, the country is ovcvflovvcd to the
extent of more tlian 100 ni in width.
Tne Ganges is, in every rcfpc"*!, one
of the ni')ft beneficial rivers in tlic
world ; diffufing plenty ii.imedi,itcly
by means of its living proiludions,
and It'condarily by enriching the lands,
aftbrding an eafy conveyance for the
piodudtion of its borders, and giving
employment to many thoufand boat-
men. It it no wonder, therefore, that
the Hindoos regard this river as a kind
of deity, that they hold its waters in
high veneration, and that it is vifited
annually by a prodigious number of pil-
grims from all parts of Hindooftan.

Gangotri, a town of the country of
Sirinagur, feated on the Ganges, where
that river ruflies through a cavern of
the Himmaleh mountains, 170 m
NNw Sirinagur. Lon- 76 35 e, lat.

33 8 N-

Gangpour, a town of Hi..Jooftan, in
Orifla, capital of a circar of its name.
It is .50 m NNE Sumbulpour, and 169
NwCattack. Lon. 84 10 e, lat. 32 2 n.

Ganjam, a town of Hindooftan, in
the circar of Cicacole, on the bay of
Bengal, at the mouth of a river, which
is rarely navigable, no m ne Cicacole.
Lon. 85 20 K, lat. 19.22 N.

Gannat, a town of Prance, in the de-
partment of Allitr, 30 m s'lNIoulins.

Gap, a town of France, capital of the
department of Upper Alps, and lately a
bifhop's fee. It has a fort called Puy-
more, and ftands on the rivulet Bene,
at the foot of a mountain, in which
fome mineral waters are found, 47 m
8SE Grenoble. Lon. i 5 f., lat. 44 34N'

Gapfal, H town of Ruflia, in the go
vernment of Revel, on a fmall gulf of
the Baltic, 36 m wsw Revel.

Garak-y fee Karek.

Gard, a department of France, in-
cluding part of the late province of
Languedoc It has its name from a
rapid river, which rifes in the depart-
ment of Lozerre, flows se through this
department, and enters theRhone, above
Beaucaire. Nifmes is the capital.

Cardat a town of Italy, in Veroneffj

;h an opening in
itcro Hindooftan,
\ a fmooth navi-
dcliphtful plains,
, which it enters
nt form an vx-
j courfc through
cs 1 1 rivers, feme
one fmaller than
many *f inferior
inundation of thi»
average vifcs 31
over flowed to the
loo m in width.
;vcry rcfpe'1, one
:ial rivers in tlie
Icnty immediately
ving proiUnJtions,
iriching thf lanils,
)nveyance for the
orders, and giving
ay thoufand boat-
er, therefore, that
this river as a kind
hold ii8 waters i«
d that it is vifited
;iou» number of pil-
of Hindooftan.
I of the country of
the Ganges, where
I rough a cavern of
lountains, 170 m
.on. 76 35 E, lat.

n ofHi.uOoftan, in

circar of its name.

mbulpour, and 169

84 10 E, lat. 32 2V.

of Hindooftan, in

:ole, on the bay of

th of a river, which

no m NE Cicacole.

ig '2 2 N •

if Prance, in the it-
30 m s'Mouhns.
?'ranoc, capital of the
er Alps, and lately a
IS a fort called Puy
n the rivulet Bene,
[Tionntain, in which
[■rs are found, 47 ^
r\.6s^> lat. 4434 N-
3f Ruffia, in the go
1, on a fmall gult ot
sw Revel.

ment of France, m-
he late province 0.
las its name fron\ a
■« rifes in the depart-
I0W8SE through this
itcrstheRhone, above
es is the capital.
[of Italy, in Veroneff,

GAS

on the R Hioj T of a lake of its nam* , 1 7
m Nw Verona.

Canln, Lake nf, the largeft i.i^^e in
Italy, lying between the territori -s of
Verona ami Hiflcia. It is 30 m ling
and 10 where btoadelt, but not above
4 toward its northern extremity, which
enters the principality of Trent.

(•arili-fiin, or Guaitlcfui, a cape In the
Indian ocean, the moll eaftt-rly point of
Africa. Lnn. 51 lo i'. lat. 11 40 n.

Gardfhben, a town of Brandenburg,
in t!\e Old inirlc, with rnannfaftures of
clotii, and a tiade in hf)ps and excellent
lii'tr; i'eated on the river Bcile, 15 m
IV Steiulal.

GarliiUiino, a river of Naples, which
riles near the lake of Celann. and flows
by Sora and Aquino into the gulf of
Gaeta.

OarHfjIon-i a town of Scotland, in
Wigtoniliire, with an excellent harbour
for coalliiip veflt'ls ; feaicd around the
head of a bay to which it gives name,
6ms Wigton.

Garmauths a town of {>cf>t!and, in
Elginlhire, at t!;c mouth of the Spey,
with a good harbour. Great quantities
of fhip-timbcr are noatotl dnwn the
river to the town, and many imall vtf-
fels are built here. Wool is alfo a con-
fiderablc article of commerce. It is
II m ENE Elgin. Lon. 3 9 w, lat.

57 41 f*-

Garonne, a river of France, winch
rifes in the Pyrenees, and flows nw by
Touloufe and Uourdeaux, below which
it is joined by the Dordogne, and their
united Itream forms the Gironde.

Garonne, Upper, a department of
France, containing part of the late pro-
vince of Languedoc. Touloufe is the
capital.

Garrifon, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Fermanagh, near Lough Mel-
vin, 19 m w Ennilkillen.

Garjis, a town of tlie kingdoin of
Fez, liirrouiidcd by walls, and th';
houies built with black ftone. It ftands
in a fertile country, on the river Muiu,
36m AE Melilia.

Garjian^, a corporate town in Lin-
rafliirw, with a market on Thurfday.
Here are the ruins of Grcenbaugh
Cflftle ; ci Mn the neighbourhood are
ftveral C(,. )n-works. It is foated on
theWyre, 10 m s Lancaflier, and 229
NNw London.

Gartz, a town of Hiiner Pomerani.i,
i'eated on the Oder, T3 m s by w Stettin .

Gafcony, a late province of prince,
bounded on the w by the bay of I- "cay,
"by Guic me, e by Languedoc, and s
liy the Pyrenees. The inhabitants are

G A U

of a lively dirpoHtion, famous for boa(l<
ing of their exploits, which has occa-
ftoned the name of Gafconndc to be
given to all bragging ftories. This pro-
vince, and Arm.ignac, now form the
department of Cers.

Ga/lcin, a town of Bavari«, in the
duchy of Sal/.burg, celebrated for its
warm bathn, and mines of lead, iron,
and gold. It is 4.'; m s S.il/bnrg.

Gajiouna, a town of European Tur-
key, in Morea, govern'-d by a bey. The
country around abounds in corn, filk,
cotton, and fruit; and a conliderablc
quantity ofcheefe is made from the milk
ofewcb. It is 33 m mrw Patras, and
60 NW Tripolizza.

Gata, Cape, a promontory of Spain,
on the coaft of Granada, conlifting of
an enormous rock of a Angular nature
and appearance, s4 m in circuit. Lon.
2 22 w, lat. ^6 43 .^'.

Gatchou/e, a town of Scotland, in
Kirkcudbright (hire, near the mouth of
the river Fleet, which forms a good
harbour. Many branches of commerce
thrive here. It is 13 m w by m Kirkcud-
bright, and 40 wsw Dumfries.

Gatefl:eadi a town in the county of
Durham, feated on the Tyne, over
which is a handfome bridge to New-
caftle. It is celebrated for iti grind-
ftones, which are exported to all parts
of the world; and nnrit, on the river
Team, is an iron manuiadture, in repute
for good anchors. The number of in-
habitants was 8597 in 1801, and 878*
in 181 1. It is 13 m N Durham, and 169
N by w London.

GattoH, a borough in Surry, which
has neither market nor fair, a m n«
Rypgate, and 19 s by w London.

Gaudens, St. a town of France, in the
department of Upper Garonne, feated
on the Gartmne, 13 tn ene St. Bertrand.

Gaveren, or IVavcj'en, a town of the
Netherlands, in Flanders, feated on the
Scheldt, b m sse Ghent.

Gavi, a town and forlrefs ©f the terri-
tory of Genoa, formerly an important
frontier p)lacc toward Montferrat and
Mil,uicf"e ; feated on the Lemo, ao m
NW Genoa.

Gaur, or Zouf, a city of Ufbec Tar-
t^ry, capital of the province of Gaur.
It is feated on the Zouf, 120 m s by vv
Balk. Lon. 64 40 w, lat. 35 5 v.

Gaukarna, a town of Hindooftan. in
Canara, of great note among the Bra-
mins, for a celebrated image of Siva,
and many ancient infcriptions on ftone.
It enjoys fome commerce, and fland.s in
a well cultivated plain, near the mouth
of a river, 7am knw Kundapura.

l-^

i

'^y

'it

i ;i

;*1i

m

GEL

Gauts, ftuprndous mountains of ITin-
doodiii, extending .iljng the k and vf
coafts of llwr Peniiifiila. The w ridge,
called by tlic n.itivei the mountains of
Siilcheiri, cxtendsfroin cape Comorin to
tlie river T.ipty, at the diftanceof from
40 to 70 tn from the fhor«: ; except a
gap, oppofitc Paniariy. about 16 m iii
brradth, chiefly occupied by a fon*ft.
They rife abruptly from the low coun-
try, fupporting, in the nature of a
terrace, .1 vaft extent of fci tile and popu-
lous plains, whirh are lb elevated as to
renderthe air cool and plealant. Gaut,
according to the orijjinal import of the
word, fignifies a pafs through or over
mountains ; and, by un extended fcnfc,
is applied to the mountains thomfelvcs.
Oaza, a town of Syria, in Paleftine,
2 m from the Mediterranean, with a
harbour and a eaftle. It is now very
Imill; but from the appearance of tht.;
ruins, it w.u formerly a conliderable
place. Here arc man nfadlures of cot-
ton ; but the principal commerce is
furnifhed by the caravans liet ween Egypt
and Syria. It ftands in a fertile country,
50 m sw Jerulalem. Lon. 34 45 e,
lat. 31 j8 w.

Cazyjiour, a town of Hindooftan, in
Allahabad, on the left bank of the Gau-
ges, 42 m BNK Benan's.

Gearon, or Jaron, a town ofPe.fia,
in Farfillan, in whole tenit<iry the beft
dates of Perfia arc produced. It is fio
m s by E Shiras. Lon. 51 17 e, lat.
a8 15 N.

Ce/te, a fcaport of Sweden, capital of
Gc'rtricia, feated on an arm of the gulf
of Bothnia, which divides the town,
and forms two iflands. The council
houfe is a beautiful edifice, and many
of the houfes arc built of a red faiid-
ftoiie. The exports are principall/
iron, pitch, tar, and planks. It is 56
m NNw Uplal. Lou. 17 20 e, lat.
60 40 V.

Crf/jol, a town of Chinefe Tartary,
with a large palace, and a magnificent
tcmph? of Budna. Here the emperor
of China received the Britilh embafly in
1795. It is 136 m N Peking.

CieiJca/sirchen, a town of France, in
the dep.irtnient of Roer, lately of Ger-
many, in the duchy of Jfuliers; featcd
on theciver Wovm, 10 m wnw Juliers.
OeijUKge»t a town of Suabia, on
tlie rivuiet kohrach, ii m nw Ulm.

CeifmoTy a (own of Germany, in the
principality of Htfle, 14 «i n Caflel.

Geifsi a town of Germany, in the

principality of Fulda, i6m ve Fulda.

Geiderlandt one of tJie provinces of

HolIa«d| and the lar^cft of them all. It

GEM

li« brtween the Zuider zee, tlie pro-
viiices of Holland, Utrecht, and Over-
yfll'l, the principality of Munfter, the
fate duchy of CIcve, and Dutch Bra-
bant ; and is divided into three quarters
or countieii. called Nimegnen, Arn-
hrim, and Zutphen, from the principal
towns. It is fertile in fruit and corn ;
and. in many purtH, abounds in wood.

Ihlderland, lTf>per, a territory of the
Netherlands, lying in detached parti,
on both fides the river Meufe ; lately
divided into Autlrian, Dutch, and Pruf.
fian Gelderland. The Auflrian part
included Ruremonde, and its depen-
dencies; the Dutch comprehended the
lordfhips of Velno and Stevenfwert ;
and the Pruffian contained the capital,
Gclders, and its diftridt, which was
reckoned as a part of the circle of Weft,
phalia. Thele diftrids have beer, re-
cently annexed to France ; the Auftrian
and Dntcii part included in the depart-
mcnt of Lower Meule, and the Prufliaa
in that of Roer.

Gclderst a town of France, in the de-
partment of Roer, lately the capital of
Pruflian Gelderland. Here is a palace,
the rcfidcnce ofthi; former dukts. It
was taken in 1702, by the king of Pruf-
fia, and in 17x3, the town and its dif-
iritJt was ceded by France to that prince
in exchange for the principality of
Orange. In 1757 it furrendered to the
French, who rcltored it in i764,af^er
demolifhing the fortifications. It again
furrendered to them in 1794 ; and was
afterward, with its diftrid>, annexed to
Franco. It is 2« m dSE Cleve. Lon. 6
16 K, lat. 51 31 N.

Gelnkaujen^ a town of Germany, In
Wetteravia, with a caftie, feated on the
Kintzig, 18 m nk Hanau.

Gemhlourt, a town of the Netlier-
lands, in Brabant, with an ancient abbey,
/cated <n\ the Oriveau, 22 m se Bruifels.

Geningtn, a town ot France, in the
department of Rhini' and Molelle, late-
!y of Germany, in the palatinate of the
Rhine i featcd on the Simmern, 34 m
s Coblentz.

Geminiano, St. a town of Tufcany, in
Florentino, leated on a mountain, in
which is a mine of vitriol, 25 m ssw
Florence.

Gemotia, a town of Italy, in Frinii,
near the river Tagliamcnto, 20 m wnw
Friuli.

GemuttJ, a town of Suabia, featcd oa
the Rcms, 30 m nnw Ulm.

Gemund^ a town of France, in the de-
partment of Roer, 'utely of Germany,
in the duchy of Juliers i featcd on t^
Eoer, 24 m 3W Cologne.

GEN

GemunJ, a town of Germany, in Ca-
rinthia, with nuniifadturcs of iron and
Ib'fl, i6 m Nw Villach.

Cemunden, a town of Franconia, in
the principaliiy of \\'nrtzl)nrg, on the
river Maine, 22 m n Wurt/hiirg.

Grmunden, a town of Auftria. famoiin
for its liilt-wdrlts (cated at the n rnd
of a lake of the lame name, at itn outlet,
the river Traun, 20 m ssw IJntz.

Genap, a town of ihe Nethi rlands, in
Brabant, with an ancient caftle, ieated
on the Dyle, ijj m re BrufRis.

GenfJJ'eet a river that riles on the N
border of Pennlyirania, in the higliefl
ground of that ftatf.aud runs loom nn e
through the ftate of New York into Lake
Ontario. It has three falls, which fur-
nifli exct-ilcnt mill-feat'! ; and on its
borders are the famous Gcneffee flats,
20 m lon^ and 4 broad, the foil rich and
cleat of trees.

Geneva, a town of New York, in
Onondago county, at the nw corner of
;, .'neca lake, 24 m s.se Canandaqua, and
106 w Cooperftovvn.

Geneva^ a fortified city, capital of a
territory of the lame name, fiuTonnded
by tht ciuchy of Savoy, of which it wai
formerly a part, and the fee of a bi-
ftiop, now refidcnt at Annccy. In 1584,
GeneVa concluded an alliance with Zu-
rich and Bern, by which it was an al-
fociate of Swiflerland. During the
greater part of the iSth century, there
were frequent contefls between the arif-
tncratic and the popular parties; and
the years 1761, 17R2, 17S9, and 1794,
were diftinguilhed by great revolutions.
The laft was efFi-dted entirely by the
influence of the French ; and not long
after, this city and its territory was
made a department of France, under
the name of Leman. Rut in 1813, the
French garrifon abandoned the city on
the appearance of an Auftr'an force,
to whom the inhabitants opened their
gates. Geneva, which ftands partly on
a plain at the w end of the lake, and
partly on a gentle afcent, is irregularly
built. It has a good arfenal, and a
nniverfity founded in 1368. The houfes
are lofty, and many in the trading part
of the city have arcades of wood, which
are raifed even to the upper ftories.
The inhabitants, eftimated at a6,ooo,
carry on a great trade, and among
others the watch-making bufinefs is
particularly flouriftiing. Geneva is 40
m NE Chambery, and 135 nw Turin.
Lon. 6 o E, lat. 46 12 n.

Geneva, Lake of, a large expanfe of
water, between Savoy and Swiflerland,
ia avalley^which feparates the Alps from

O K X

Mount Jur!j. lis Icn^^th, from Vilte-
ntiivc to the city of Geutva, is 54 »" ♦
and the breadth, in the wideft p^irt, it
1 2. The water near G'*nev;i i ' fli dl<»w {
in oth'T partH the deptli in various j tht-
grealeft, yet found by founding, it 160
fathoms. The river Rhone runs through
it from P. to w.

Gettf^enbacli, .1 town of Suabia, in
Brilgiu, with a BcnediiJtine abix-y ; li'at-
ed on a rivulet of the lhmi> namr. which
flows into the Kintzig. 20 m n Fribu»-g.

Genjjoux tie Royal , St a town of
France, in the deparimL'nt nf Saone and
Loire, celebrated for iih excellent wine;
feated at the foot of a mountain, 1 7 m
5w Chalons.

Genies, St. a town of France, in the de-
partment of Aveiron, 24 m nk Rhodcz.

Gt-nlis, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Aifne, 12 ms St. Qiientin.

Gennefi, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the duchy of Clevc ; feated on the
Niers, 8 m ssw Cleve.

Geno/j, or Liguria, a republic of Italy*
extending 150 m along that part of the
Mediterranean called the gulf of Ge-
noa, but the breadth is only from 8 to
12. Where the country is not boun<led
by the fca, it is bordered from w to K
by Piedmont, Milan, Parma, and Tuf-
cany. It is populous, well cultivated,
and fertile near the lea ; but the inner
parts are mountainous 'ind barren in
ii:veral places. The corn grown is in-
liifficient for its own confumption ; but
there are abundance of cxcelk-nt truitt
and vigetables ; and its mulberry and
olive trees are innumerable. The go-
vernment of the republic was arifto-
cratic, from the year 1520 till 1798,
when the Frcnc 1 form was chofen, or
rather enforced, and the new ftyle af-
fumer*. of the Ligurian Republic.

Genotty n city and feaport, capital of
the republic of the fame name, and an
archbilliop't fee. It is 6 m in circum-
ference, and full of marble churches and
palaces ; whence it hat the name of
Genoa the Proud. The dojre's palace
has an immcnfe front, both in length
and elevation, and is richly fitted up
with decorations and furniture. Gknoa
on the land fide is defended by a dou-
ble rampart ; one enclofes the town
only, and the other, extending along
the hills that command the city, makes
a circuit of 13 m. The harbour is pro-
tedled by two forts, one of which has
its top formed of ftrong glafs, and is
illuminated at night by great lamps ;
and it has a mole 560 paces in length,
13 ia breadth, and 15 f<:ct above the

I I

'■•; m

CJ EO
FcTcl of the water. The inhabitants
are compiUcd at flu.ooo- It has maiiu-
fa^turtR of velvets, datnaflci, gold and
iilver tiflfuc!), and paper , and the bank-
ing huiincfN Ih a very profitable art'clu
of commerce. Hfrt- are the public
ttore-houresifrom which the inhabitants
arc obiigcf* to purchale vine, oil, bread,
and woo(' ; and only the principal mer-
chants are allowed, npon piiyinp ,i fum
of money, to procure their articles
abroad. The ftrfets are kept clean, but
moft of them arc narrow and iincvrn
t^'enoa was taken, in 1746, by the Aul-
trians, whofe oppreflTiou ot tin' inhabit-
•tilts was fiich, that the latter fuddcnly
rofrand cxpelleil their conquerdrs, who
again berttged the city, the next year,
but without etFodt. In 1,98, tin French
became matters of this city. In 1800
it fuftaincd a fiege by a Britifh Ikct and
AuRrian army till literally ftarved, and
was evacuated by capitulation ; but
foon aiterward it was again delivered
tip to the French, on their vi(Jtory at
Marengo. Genoa is 62 m i's Turin,
and 120 wNw Florence. Lon. 8 ^6 t,
lat. 44 2; N .

Oentiah, a town of the kingdom of
Airam, 370 m E Patna. Lon. 9a 10 u,
lat. aj to N.

George, Fort, a fortrefs of Scotland,
in Invernefsfhire, which has ieveral
handfome ftrects of barracks, and is
the molt regular foitification in Great
Britain. It is leated on the point of a
peninfula, running into the Moray frith,
and completely commands the entrance
into the harbour of Invernefs. It is 10 m
NE Invernefs.

Georfre, Fort St. fee Madras.

Georget Laie, in the ilate of New
York, lies to the sw of I-ake Champ-
lain; and its waters are about leo feet
higher. It is 36 m long, and from i
to 7 broad, cnclofing more than 2co
iflands, the greateft part little better
than barren rocks. On each lide it is
fkirted by mountains, from which large
quantities of red cedar are obtained for
ihip timber. The remains of Fort George
are at the s end of the lake, and of the
fort of Ticonderoga at the n end, at its
outlet into Lake Champlain.

George, St. the capital of the ifland
of Granada, formerly called Fortroyal,
which name the fort ftill retains. It is
fituate on the w coaft, not far from the
a end of the ifland, and has a fafe and
commodious harbour. Lon. 61 45 w,
lat. II 50 N.

George, St. one of the Azores, which
produces much wheat. In iCoS a vol-
cano broke out here, y^faich deftroyed

a E o

the town of Urfulina, fevcr.1I farm-
houfen, &:c. The chief town iit Vellas.
Lon a8 o w, lat. 3S 39 n.

George, St- a fm.dl iiland in the gulf
of Venice, to thr .s of Vt nice to sviicli
!t i* liibic^l Men- ib a Ueucdii'tii .• mo-
n3ftery,whoie church is oneot thelinell
ill Italy.

George, St. the l.ugeft ifland of the
DermuilaH. It i» in the t'onu of a hook,
aoout ao m long, but (t'id<»in i broad.
It has a town of the fame u.ime,
containing 500 houfis built of free-
Itone and wafhcd wifli liine. winch h
the capital of alt the id.uuls. Lon. 64 \o
w, lat. 3a UN.

George, St. an ifland in the gulf of
Mexico, op[><)fitc the month of tlw Ap-
palachicola. I. on. 84 50 w, lat. 29 p n.

George del M'nta, St. a fort of (> union,
on the Goltl coaft, and the piincipal
feiilement of the Dutch in thofe parts.
The town under it,calleil by the natives
Oddcna, has the houfes built of ftone,
which is uncommon, for in'other pl;tcc«
they are tompofcd only of clay and
wood. It Ih 10 m wsw Cape Coaft CaC-
tie. Lon. o 8 w, lat. 456 n.

George Key. St. a liuall ifiand in flif
bay of Honduras, on the e coatl of
Jucatan. It is likewife called Cafina,
or ('ayo Cafigo. By a convention in
1786, the Englifli logwood-cutters were
permitted, under certain rtftrictions,to
occupy this ifland. Lon. 88 35 vv, lat.

17 40 N.

Georgetown, a town of S Carolina,
capital of a diftridt of the fame name.
The public buildings are three chuiche;;,
a court-houfc, and an academy. It
flands near the jun(5tion of a number of
rivers, which here form a bafin called
"VVinyaw bay ; but a bar at its entrance
will not admit vtlfels drawing above 1 1
feet. It is J a m from the fea, and 5 5 n
by Ediarlefton. Lon- 79 6 w, lat 33 27 n.

Georgetown, a town of Delaware,
chief of Siiirex county. It is 16 m wsw
Lewesj and 103 8 by vv Philadelphia.

Georgetown, a town of Maryl.ind,
in Kent county, feated on the SaflalVas,
9 m from its mouth in Chefapcak bay,
and 58 s Elkton.

Georgetown, a town of Pennfylvania,
in Fayette county, where many boats
are built for the trade and emigration
to the weft country. It is fituate on the
Monongaela, at the influx of George
creek, 15 m sw Union, and 70 w by s
Bedford.

Geergetown, a town of the territory
of Columbia, with a college for the pro-
motion of general literature, founded
by the Roman catholics. It is fituate v»

o

u, fcveral farm-
ief town iit Vcllns.

illand in tlu- gulf
" Vriiice to vv'\icli
a Hciietlii'lii .' mn-

iS UDCOt tlK*lUK-ll

gcft iflAiul of tl'L
10 fi)i ill ijf ;i hook,
It leidoin i bro.ul.
thi! f.irne n.imc,
"cH btiilt of ficf-
itli lime, uliich is
Kliiuls. Lon. 64 \o

iiid ill tlie p»lf of

mouth ol til'' Ap-
50 w, lat. 21; ,]0 M.
/. a fort of (/UiruM,

and the piincipal
Itch in thoff parts,
jlled by the natives
nfcs l/uilt of ftone.
I for iii'other pl;tcc«

only of clay and
;w Cipo Coaft Caf-
.456 N.

fmall ifiand m tlip
[)U the E coat\ of
ivife called Cafina,
5y a convention in
f wood-cutters were
rtain reftrictioiis,to

Lou. B3 35 w, lat.

wn of S Carolina,
of the fame namo.
are three churches,

an academy. It
ion of a number of
orm a balin called

bur at its entrance
s drawing above 1 1
n the fea, and 55 N

79 6w,lat. 33 27 N.
own of Delaware,
ty. It is 16 m wsw

w Philadelphia.

own of Maryland,

cd on the SaflaiVas,

in Chefapcak bay,

kvn of Pennfylvania,
where many boats
ide and emigration
It is fituate on the
: influx of George
on, and 70 w by s

)wn of the territory
college for the pro-
literature, foundeil
)Ucs. It is fituate vi\

(1 E O

thePotom.K, and leparatt'd from Wafh-
iuKtori by Kockcrctk, 3 in wnw uf the
cnpitol.

Geor^elonvH, a town of the diftri<5l of
Main, in Linccln county. It is the (put
where the llnnIKIi fnft attimpted to
coiuni/e New lilnglaiid. in 1607, and
ftandHncar the mouth of the Kennebec,
15 m Si by w Wifcalllt.

Ctforxetow'i, a town of the ftatt' o.
Gcor^'i.i, in Ojjiethorpe county, iitu.ite
on the ()gecch»f, 24 m nnw Louifvillc.
(ieorgia, a country of Aha, called by
the IVrti-usCJurgiftan, and by the Turks
Curtlhi- It comprehf ndi the ancient
Iberia, and is bounded on the n by tar-
cailia, K by Daghr-llan and Schirvan, s
by Perfnn Armenia, and \v by Iineiitia.
The Kill (riv^ning king ceded this coun-
try to KdfTia un his death, which hiip<
pened in 1800; and in |yo.^, it w.is
made . UuflTiuii government. Tlic hills
of Georgia are covered with forefls of
o^k, aOi, beech, cheltnut, walnut, and
elm, encircled with vines, growing per-
fedly wild, but producinj^ v;;ll (juan-
titii'iiof grapes, from which much wine
and brandy are made. Cotton grow3
fpontaneouny, as well i>s tiie iinclt Lu-
ropean fruit-trees. Rice, wheat, mil-
let, hemp, and flax, arc railed on the
plains, almoft without culture. The
valleys afford the fincfl: pallurage, the
rivers are full of filh, the mountains
abound in minerals, and the climate is
healthy. The riveri of Georgia, being
fed by mountain torrents, are always
either too rapid or too fliallow for the
purpofes of navigation. The Georgians
are Chrillians of the Greek communion,
and appear to have received their uime
from their attachment to St. George,
the tutelary faint of thelb countrii-s.
Their drefs nearly refen.hks tliat of the
("oflacs ; but men of rank frequently
wear the habit of Perfia, They uliially
die their hair, beards, and nails with
red. The women employ the fame
colour to (lain the palmsof their hands.
On their head they wear a cap or fillet,
under which their black hair falls on
their forehead ; behind, it is braidtu
into feveral trelFes : their eyebrows are
painted with black, in fuch a manner as
to furin one entire line, and t'le lace is
coated with white and red. They are
ceiehr^ted for their beauty, but their
air and manners are extremely voluptu-
ou . The Georgians have great Ikiil in
the if,' j)l the bow, and are deemed
exi- il'fiit f Idn To: but the men have no
virtue, exc<- pt courage; fathers fell their
childr;;n, and fometimes their wives.
Both icxes are adui^cd to drunkennefs^

GEO

and are particularly 'fond of brandy.
The other inhabitant* of Georgia arc
Tatlars, OIH, and .Armenians. Thefc
till arc found all over Gejigia, fomc-
tim'eii mixed with the natives, and lurnc*
timm in villages of their own. They
I'pcak amon^; ihemfclvcs their own Ian-
guajre, but all underltmd and can talk
the Georgian. Bclide thtfe, there are
a conliderable number of Jew*, lume
having villages of their own, and others
mi.ted with the Georgian, Armenian,
and Tartar inha'jitanti), but never with
the Ollj. The Chrillians of the country
in part follow the rites of the Armenian,
and in part that of the Greek church ;
and they are riprefeuted as the myft
tradfabic Clniftians in the eaft. Tellis
is the capital. Sec hnerltia,

('•.'orgiii, the moll fouthern of the
United States of America, 4:50 m long
and 250 broad ; bounded on the n by
Tt-nntfrce, WE and e by S Carolina, sis
by tiie A'.lantic, a by Florida, and w by
the territory of MifTiffippi. It isdivided
info 34Countic8,n,ifnely,Canideu,Glyn,
Liberty, Chatham, Bryan, Macintolh,
l:fRiiljham, Scriven, Burke, Richmond,
Wilkes, Wafliingtoii, Greene, Franklin,
Montgomery, Hancock, Oglethorpe,
Fll)ert,Lincoln,Warren,Jefrerlbn,Jack-
fon. Bullock, and Columbia. The prin-
cipal rivers are the Savuima, Ogccchee,
Alatamaha, Turtle river, Little Sitilla,
Great Siiilla, Crooked river, St. Marr,
and Apalachicola. The winter* m
Georgia are very mild and pleafant;
fnow is Ccldoin or never feen. The
foil and its fertility are various, accord*
inji to lituation and diflferent improrc-
ments. By culture are produced rice,
cotton, tobacco, indigo, fago, maize,
potatoes, orangej, figs, pomegranate!,
6ic. The who c coaft of Georgia is
bordered with iflinds, the principal of
which are Skidaway, Waff-tw, Oflahaw,
St. Catherine, Sjpelo, St. Simon, Jekyl,
Cumberland, and Amelia. In 1810 the
number of inhabitants was 252,433.
The capital is 'ouifvillc.

Georxia, or South Georgia, an illand
in tht Pacific ocean, 64 m long a^id 3*
in its greatell breadih, vifiied by Cook
in 1775. It iermy to abound with baya
and harbours, which the vaft quantities
of ice render inacceflible the greateft
part of the year. Two rocky iflands
are fituate at the n end ; one of which,
from the dilcoverer, was named Willis
111 ind : the other received the name of
Bird 111 ind from the innumerable flocks
of birds that were feen near it. Here
are perpendicular ice cliffs, of con-
fiderable height, like thofe at Spitz-

•,i

w

mm 1

ll

i-

1

.if* .

ill

iv;'i

r. K R

berprn { from which pit ceo were con*
tinuaily breakinfc oH and floating out to
(••a. The tinU-yn wer« covered with
fiiow ; and the (>nly veir<*trli.in oblrrved
wan hhdeJ gralii, wild unmet, and a
plant like mofn, which fprung from the
rucka. Not a fircam offrrfh water was
to Ixr ffon on the whole coaft. A
promontory at its m end was nam*-d
Queen Cliarlolte C'ape. Lon. 36 1 1 w,
lat. 54 ,11 8.

i'forxia, Gulf of , a gulf of the N Pa-
cific ocean, between the continent of N
Amwica and Qiiudra and Vancouver
ifland; about 120 m k>n^ and from 6 to
20 l)ro.id. It contains tVveral cluflcrs
of iflands. and branches ( ft" into a grr at
number of canalsi moft of which were
examined by Vancouver ,tJ hih offlcers.

G(orf^'ir>v</kt a town of KHflia, capital
of the govf rnmcnt of Caucari.i. It has
a fortrefs on au eminence, ftr cp on two
fidei, and is imprpgnablf ag.iinft any at-
tack of the mountainrers TIip town is
built in a rej;ular manner, but the houfes
in general an; only of flight boarding.
It (lands on the left bank of ih(! Pod-
kuma, 160 m knw Tcfliit and 3R0 se
Afoph. Lon. 4,^ So E, lat. 44 15 n.

Gera, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Voigtiand It has a c irtle, called Of-
terftcin, about a mile from the town,
on a mountain in .1 wood. Here is a con-
ftdcrable manufa^ure of Bnu ftufTs ; and
its great trade and handfome houfei
have procured it the name of Little
Leipzic It is featcd on the Elfter, 3am
ssw Leipzic. Lon. 147 p., lat. 50 55 N.

Gerau, a town of Germany, in Hefle-
Darmftadt, 10 m wnw Darmftadt.

Gerberoy, a town of France, in the
department of Oife, is m nw Bcauvois.

OerbevilUry a town of France, in the
department of Meuvte, fcated on the
Agen, 5ms Lunevilk'.

Gtr//', an iflund in the Mediterranean,
on the coaft of Tripoli. It bears much
barley ; and has large quantities of figs,
olives, and grapes, which, when dried,
form the principal trade. Lon. n ao e,
lat. 33 56 N.

Gerbjiad, a town of Upper Saxony,
ID the county of Mansfeld, 7 m ne
Mansfeld.

Gerdaven, a town of Pruffia, defend-
ed by two caftles, and feated on the
Omet, neara confiderable lake, jo m se
Konigfberg.

Germain, St. a borough in Cornwall,
governed by a mayor, with a market
on Friday. It wai once the largeft
town in the county, and a bifhop's fee,
but now confifts chiifly of fifhermen's
cottasci. What remains of the cathc-

(Sral Is ufcd as thi; parilh-church ; .nnd
noar it is the priory. It JtantU near the
fea. )• m w Plymouth, and aal w by u
London.

Germain, St. a tf)wn of Prance, in
the drpartmeiu of Seine an.l Oife. with
a magnihccnt palace, in which Lcwir*
XIV was born. Hen* Jamrs 11 of l^ng-
1 iiul found an afylum, when In- lied to
France. It is lc:ite<l on the Seine, near
a fine foreft, ro m nw Paris.

Germain, St. a town of France, in
the department of Loire, celebrated for
its exccllL'nt win*f, 18 ms Roanne.

Germano, St. a »own of Piedmont, on
the river Navi^^lio, 9 m w Vcrcdli.

Germnno, St. a town of Naples, in
Terra di Lavora, at tht foot of AJontc
CifTino, 17 m .ssr. Sora.

Germantoivn, a town of Pennfylv.ini;i,
in Phil.idi'Iphia county. Stockings of
cotton, thread, and worfted, are manu.
fadlurcd here to a great extent. In 1777,
here was a battle between the Britilh
and the Americans, in which the latter
retreated, but the former fufiercd fe-
verely. It is 7 m u Philadelphia.

Germanto<wn, a town of N Carolina,
chief of Stokei cotinty. It i« fituate
ncai a branch of the Dan, jo m w by n
Hidfborough, and 85 .\ by w Ralegh.

GermatitomjH, Ne<w, a town of New
Jerley, in Hunterdon county, 28 m nw
lirunl'wxk.

Germant/, a country of Europe, 600
m long and 500 broad, bounded on the
E by Hungary and Poland, N by the
Biltic fea and Denmark, w by the Ne-
therlands and France, und s by Swif-
ferland and Italy. All parts do not en-
joy the fame mildnofs of temperature,
nor the fame fertility of foil ; but in
(oneral the air is wholefome, and it pro-
duces abundance of all kinds of grain.
The furface is tolerably level, but it con-
tains fome mountains and large forefts ;
the white mulberry-tree is very com-
mon, olives grow in fevcral places, and
cheftnut8,oaks, beeches, iirs, and fruit-
trees. Hemp, flax, hops, anife, cum-
min, tobacco, madder, woad, iaffron,
&c are cultivated; and the wines of
this country are in high efteem. Salt-
fprings arc very numerous, alfo medi-
cinal fprings and baths, both hot and
cold. The chief rivers are the Danube,
Rhine, Elbe, Wefer, Maine, and Oder.
Germany <■ '^ntains a great many fovc-
reign pri. who are independent of
each other ; and lately there was a
number of imperial towns, which were
fo many little republics ; but the whole
of them formed a great confederacy,
governed by political laws, at the bead

IM

h-diurch ; am!

tl.imlA nrar the

and at w by 8

I of France, In
an.l Oifc. witli
n wliicli Ltwi't
amm ii of Eng-
vihen lu' IIhI to
the Seine, near
Parii.

n of France, in
e, celebrated for
1 » Ro.inne.
of Piedmont, on
w Vcrci'lli-
n of Naplffl, in
It foot of Monte

I.

lofPcnnfj^lvnnia,
y. Stockings of
orftcd, are nnanii-
: extent. To i777.
ween the Britilh
I which the latter
rmer lufTered fe-
'hiladelphia.
i-n of N CaroHn.i,
ity. It it Titnate
5an, 70 m w by N

s by w Ralegh.
, a town of New

county, a8 m nw

•y of Europe, 600
\f bounded on the
Poland, N by the
irk, w by the Ne-
', and 8 by Swif-

parts do not en-
s of temperature,
r of foil ; but in
efomc, and it pro-
all kind8 of grain.
ly level, but itcon-
and large forefts ;
•tree is very con^-
evcral places, and
les. firs, and fruit-
hops, anile, cum-
er, woad, fsffron,
and the wines of
igh efteem. Salt-
lerous, alfo medi-
ths, both hot and
rs are the Danube,

Maine, and Oder.

great many fovc-
;re independent of
itely there was a
owns, which were

ics; but the whole
great confederacy.
I laws, at the head

of whiih wa« an nnpfror, whofe power
in tie colleOlive body, or diet, wa« not
dirci5)ive, but executive* The wtftern
Koinan empire which had terminated
in the year ^7^, in the perfon of Auguf-
tulut, thf iait Roman emperor, and
which was luccecdcd by the reign of
the Iluna, the onrocothi, and the I^um-
bards, was revived hy Charlemagne,
king of France, on Chriftmas day, in
the year «oo. This prince being then
at Home, pope Leo 111 crowned him
fmpt'mr, in St. Pcter'i church ; and
Nicephorus, who was then emperor
of the end, confented to ihif> corona-
tion. After the death of Charlemagne,
and of Louis !e Debonnaiir, his fon and
fucceffur, the empire was divided be-
twcen the four /bn« of the latter. Lo-
thario, the firft, was emperor ; Pepin
was king of Aqnitaine; Lewis, king uf
(iermany ; and Charles icChauve, king
of France. This pirtition was the fourcc
■ of inccflant feuds. The French kept the
empire under eight emperors, till the
year 912, when Lewis 11 1, the lad prince
of the line of Chuilemagne.died without
iffiie mile. Conrad, count of Fran-
conia, the fon-in-law of Lewis, was
then elcited emperor. Thus the em-
pire went to the Germans, and became
eleflive ; for it had been hereditary
under the French emperors. The em-
peror was cholen by the princes, the
lards, and the deputies of cities, till
the year 1139, when the number of the
elcilors was reduced to feven ; one
more was added in 1649, and another
in 1692: thefe nine electors continued
to the year 1798, when, in conl'eqnence
of the alterations made in the conftitu-
tion of the empire, under the influence
of France and RufTja, they became ten
in number ; namely, the ele<Stor and
archbi(hop of Ratifbon, the eleAor and
king of Bohemia (the then emperor) the
tleftor of Bavaria, the elector of Saxony,
the eledor of Brandenburg Cking of
Priiffia) the eledtor of Hanover (king of
England) the eleftorof Wurtzburg (Tate
grand duke of Tufcauy) the elector of
Wirtemburg, the elector of Baden, and
ttie eleftor of Hefie. Rodolphus, count
of Hapiburg, was elected emperor in
1:73. He is the head of the houfe of
Auftria, which is del<:ended from the
ftme ftock ae the houfe of Lorrain, re-
united to it in the perfon of Francis i,
father of the two late emperors, Jofeph
and Leopold. On the death of Charlei
VI of Auftria, in 1740, an emperor was
cbofen from the houfe of Bavaria, by
I the name of Charles vii. On the death
I ^ this prince> in 1745) the abovemen*

Cl E it

tloiied FrnncU, grand dnke ofTufcanf,
was elected emperor i whofe grandfon,
Francis 11, enjoyed the dignity of em*
peror of Germany till iflo6, when ht
fornlally refigned that title and offlcr,
and Ayied himfelf empernr of Auftria.
At the ^'-^fr of the Saxon race, in 1014,
the prerogatives of the emperor of Ger-
many were very confiderablr ; but, in
1437, they were reduced to the right of
conferring all dignities and titles, except
the priviltM^e uf being a (late of the
empire; of granting diTpenfations with
refpeA to the age of majority ; of ereA-
in^ cities, and conferin^ the privilege of
coming money ; of callmg the liieetingi
of the diet, and prefiding in them But,
after all, there was not afoot of land an*
nexed to this title ; f«r, ever fince the
reign of Charles iv, the emperors de-
pended entirely on their hereditary do*
minions, as the only fource of their
power, and even of^ their fubliftence.
To prevent the calamities of a contcfted
ele(!tion, a king of the Romans was often
choien in the lifetime of the emperor,
on whofe death he fucceeded totht im-
perial dignity of^ourfe. The emperor
(always cle<!ted and crowned at Frank-
fort on the Maine) afTumed the title of
auguft, and pretended to be fucceOur to
the emperors of Rome. Although he
was chief of the empire, the fupfemc
authority reflded in the diet, which was
compofed of three colleges ; the college
of eledtors, the college of princes, and
the college of imperial towns. The diet
^' \ the power of making peace or war,
01 fettling general impofit ions, and of
regulating all the important affairs of
the empire ; but the decifiohs had not
the force of law till the emperAr gave
his confent. When a war was deter-
mined on, every prince contributed his
quota of men and money, as valued in
the matriculation roll; though as an
eledlor or prince he might efpoUfe a dif-
ferent fide iVom that of the diet. All
the fovereigns of Germany had an abfo-
lute authority In their own dominions,
and could lay taxes, levy troops, and
make alliances, provided they did not
prejudice the empire. They determined
all civil caufes defitiiiively, unlefs io
fomc particular cafes, in which an ap-
peal might be made. Thefe appeals
were to two courts, called the Imperial
Chamber, at Wetzlar, and the AuHc
Couiicil, at Vienna. Germany is divid-
ed into nine circles, namely, Auftria,
Bavaria, Suabia, Franconia, Upper and
Lower Rhine, Weftphalia» and Up^
and Lower Saxony : each of thefe in-
cludes feveral other ftates } and fiohe-

Ff

( 1

91

irV'tBi.

; "1 I

51 I

4.

r, R 11

mill Mors»i«i I.iiru'ta, .iml 8ilel1.i «re
not c ir.njrilf'il in On- c'ucIim. <*cr-
mtiiy Litily contninul fix arc'hl»i(hnp.
rk» .»nil .^8 bidiKpricM but lhi« hier-
archy w.i» thrown into CiinliifiDn by
the fcc'il.iri/.itifiiu in i7yH, aiui is mdI
yrt rcllcni'ii to oriUr : the archbiUiop
uf Katiibon h prin\.itc anil iDc-tropoliian
of all Ocrinany ; tl.c 0 c of M«nt/, luv.
Ing liccn movcil lo U,iii(b«)n. M^ny
other transfer* an 1 cxchanncuof tiriiio-
riei !uvc fincc takt'n place, from the
tlifaftrous coiifi qinncfs of tho w;ir with
France ; the kin^s of Kn^l-iiKl and Prul-
lia havi' been lUprivfil ol all their trrri-
torics in thi« country, iuul mw kintti
anil piinccH have l>cen crcatiil by '5o-
lupartc, which makes thii eountryf At
prcfcnt, a labyiinth of geograpliy ; l)nt
the loilowinjt transfer mull h«'u; be no-
ticed us the principal. In iboi, ihofe
putsof the iirclciof ITpprr and I.ower
llhiiif, and VVrlVphilia, lying on the
" left bank of thi- Rhino, were cidcd lo
France, by the treaty of Lnncvillc; and
are now annexed to that country, form-
ing the ('.'partmcnts of MontTcmncrrr,
Sarre, llhine and Mofdle, and Roer.
The remainder of Germany, in i8o6,
ccafcd to be united as an empire ; for a
treaty, ftyled the Confedcratiotj of the
Rhine, was figncd at Paris in July, by
France on one part, and by Itavaria.
Wirtemburg, Baden, Sec on the other,
in which the latter renounced their con-
ne(5tion with the empire ; and. in con-
fequencc, Franciu ii, in Augult, publilh-
c'd at Vienna his refignation of the of-
fice of emperor of Germany, which dif-
folvedtha >ncientcon(litution. In iBii,
the French again entered this country
under Bonaparte, who required the con-
federates to raif« their war quotas ;
and he then proceeded, with an army
of 300,000 men, on an invalion of Rut-
fia. Of this mighty hoft, not more
than 50,000 returned, and in a milerable
flate, which t'lcir chief foon after aban-
doned, and fied in difguife to France.
In 1813, the Rudians and Swedes en-
tered Germ.'.ny, and were foon joined
by I'rufTia • thefe allies were oppoft-d
by Ijonapirte and fome German ad-
herents, but with little fuccefs- An
armiflice was agreed upon, and terms
of peace offered to the French chief,
which being rejedlcd by him, Auftriu
(who had remained neuter) declared in
favour of the allies. The battles of
Leipzic and Hanau enfued, from both
of which Bonaparte fletl : he was fol-
lowed hj the fovereigns of RufTia, Auf-
tria, and Pruflda, who with their armies

ft Eft

plnnW»<^ of Dpcemhtr, and thrtc con«
tinued a nrofpcrou* wartarr. The Ian*
ffUAfv or Orrmari)r is a dialrft of th«
Teutonic, which liiccpfjb'd th.it called
the Celtic, 'the tlirre principal rrliKiont
are, tlie Uomni e.itholic, the Lutheran,
iMut thr Calvinilt ; but Chrifliant of nil
(Irnominations are tolerited, .ind ll>ert
arc a multitu«le of JewN in all the greul
town* N'ienna i« the prmeip^l city.

Cttnifr/hrhn. a town of Fr;incf , m the
d( partinent of Mont 'I'onnerrc, la«»'ly of
(»■ rmany,in tlie palatin.ite (/f the Uliirie,
li uate i»n the Rhine, 7 m "fw >»pire.

iiermt,A town of Aulhia, »a m w:iw
Horn.

Gfriijhflm^ a town of Germany, in
the late palatinate of the Rhine, with \
eanie ; leatcd on the Rhine, 10 m hw
Darmlhdt.

(leroUjIfin, a town of France, in the
department of Sarre, lately of Germany,
in the clcdloratr of Treves; fituate on
the Kill, J4 m n Trrvcs.

Cerona, a city of Spain, in Catalonia,
and a hilltop's llrr. It i« buili on the
fide of hills, which to the aallward an^
defended by fome redoubts. The ca-
thedral, one of the iineit monuments ot
Gothic .irchitcdtnrc, is the only building
that Hands on a hciii;ht. This city was
taken by the French in 1809, after en-
during a long and ardin)U>) ficge. It is
feated on the Ter, jo m from its entrance
into the Mediterranean, and j6 ne Uar-
celotia. Lon. 240 k, lat 42 5 n.

Gers, a department of France, which
includes the late provinces of Gafcony
und Armagnac. It has its name from a
river that flows by Auch and Lc^ourc,
and joins the Garotme, above Agen.
Auch is the capital.

Oerfatt, a town of SwiflTcrland, on the
lake of Schweitz, at the foot of the
Rigi, 12 m sw Schweitz.

Gertrudenbur/^, a fortified town of S
Holland, with a good harbour and faU
mon filhery on a large lake, called Bie<
Bofch. It has been often taken, the
laft time by the French in 1795 It is
8 m N by E Breda. Lon. 4 5a £, lat. |
5144N.

Gerumenha, a town of Portugal, m I
Alentcjo, with a ftrong caftle; ientcd
on a hill, near the river Guadiana, 18 m [
below Badajoz.

Gefeke, a town of Germany, in the I
duchy of Weftphalia, leated on thi|
Weyck, 11 m wsw Paderborn-

GeJJefJay ; fee Sanen.

Grj^riiia. a. province of Sweden, the!
s part of Nordland, between D ilecarliaj
on the w and the gulf of Bothnia on the!

trofled the Rhine into France, the be- a. It ia^o m long and 10 broad, diver*

ml Ihfie con*

larf . Thv \»n-

tliatrdt of tht

incipal rr liK>"n«
:, x\\f l.uthrran,
Chrif\i.»nn of nil

* in all iJif Ri'e.A
rincipsl city.
of France. '" ttir

Doncrrc, iaHy «>f
Kite (,f the Hliiiu-,

irtria, 41 mwsw

of Citrmany, in

Iho Ul)in<'. with .t

Rhine, 10 m »w

of Trance, in the
at«'ly ot Germany,
prcvci ; ftluate on

vcd. , .

pain, in Catalonia.
It iri »»uili on the
o thtr flail ward ar-t
:clonbt9. The ca-
inell r^onumunts oi
islhconly bniWiiiR
ht. Tl»i« city wai
h in 1809, after en-
•iliious fic>{C. It iJ

m from its entrance
.■an, and 56 nk Bat-
K,lat 41 5 N.
nt of France, which
•ovincps of Cafcony

las its name from a
Auch and Lcfloure,
onne, above Agen.

F Swiflerland, on the
at the foot of the
wtitz.
fortified town of 8
od harbour ami fal-
rgo lake, called Bie»
en ofti^n taken, tht
rench in 179S '| '^ !
, Lon. 4 5» ^* '^'1

own of Portugal, in
ftronp caftle; leated
riverGuadiana, i8ml

of Germany, in lji«
lalia, leated on the
Iw Paderborn.

\anen. ,

(vince of Sweden, the
Id. between Diltcarlia
rulf of Bothnia t)i|tM'
- and 10 broad, diver-

(t n R

fifi< J hy forcfti, umkt, hilli.d itcii,lAke«,
.mil r'veri ; .mil h.i« numeroii* minci
and (nr^vi. Oi flf it thr eipital.

Orttt/iiurtf, ,\ town of I'lMinfylvani.i,
in York county, at thi; head t)f K<tt It
creek, one of the lourcMof the Moiio-
cocy, 40 m w |»y s York.

(irvimJiin, .1 late trrrito'-y of Fr.invx,
in I.mjriii'doc, houndi-d on the n by
AiiviTgne, w by Koii<r^'ue, s by C ■
vcnnei. md r by Vivarc/.. It now lormu
the di'partmeiit of I,ii/,>re.

Cii-x, .1 town «if Frince, in the depart*
mcnt of Ain, noted for excellent chcef«'|
fiMted at the fool of Mount St Cl.iud*',
iMtwti 11 the Rhone, the lak«'of (Jcneva,
Mn\ SwifTcrUrid, 10 m nw Geneva.

6Vv/"i, a idwii of Germany, in the
princip ility of Fold 1, feated on the Ul-
llcr, 17 m N^ Fuld.i.

(irziin, or li/irtnn, a feaport of Ara-
hia Felix, which has aconliiU'rable trade
in (inm and coflVe ; feited on the Rid
fe-i, 90 m Nvr Lohcia. Lon. 4: 15 i'., lat.

16 iH N.

Or dm, a town of Allatic Turkey,
capital of a pach.dic. in Diarbek. The
whole province of Diarbck is alfo called
AIGe/ira- It ItandH on an ill and formed
by the Tijjria, 70 m nw Mol'ul- Lon.
40 50 E, lat. 36 j6 N.

(lezu/a,i\ province of Morocco, which
is very fertile, and coiiiains mines of
iron and copper. The inhahitanls are
numerous, and confidered ai the mod
ancient people of Africa :»they live in
ttnti, and are lb independent that they
are rather the allies than the liibjcds of
the emperor of Morocco.

il/iann, or C'uwj.acity of Ncproland,
capital of a country of the IJinu- name,
governed by a fultan. It ftaiids on the
» fide of a large lake, at its outlet,
which feparates the city Into two parts,
ind l()on after joins the river Niger,
■vhich is her>' called Neel il Abeed, or
iMic of the Negros. It is ijo m k by i
CalTm;!. Lon. 13 25 e, lat. 16 ij; N.

(j/uinnra, a city ot' Negroland, capital
of the country of Wangara. The arti-
cle! of trade are gold, fciina, and Haves.
ltlt,iiidH on a branch of the Nig'T, a<Jo
msRtaflina. Lon. i <; 40 k, lat. 1340N.

0/icnt, or Cciifl, a city of th«? Ncther-

linds, lately th« capital of Aullrian

Flinders, now the capital of the de-

Pmment of Scheldt, and a bilhop's fee.

It contains !;8,ooo inhabitants; but is

[lot populous in proportion to its extent.

I Ihe city is cut by many canals, which

plivide it into i6 ifles.and over the canals

are 300 bridgi'.i. It has alio two navi-

pfcle canals J the one to Sas van Ghent,

ihc other to Bruges and Oftend. Hera

(; IT o

•re fevcra! Ilncn and woollen manufiic*
riirei, ail it h.ii .1 gri.u ir4dc in cfrn.
The c.ithi'tlral of St. Huvon, and the
abbey of St. Peter, .irr ntigniliccnt fill.
Hcci; in whieh, at .itl'o in tlie churchck*
are fome ctpit.d piinting«. l^h.irlct v
w.iN born here ( but the iidiabitantt
hive n>i rt';ifon to rcfpciJl his memory |
for he repeatedly loaded them with
he.ivy (X.iOttoni«, and built ' citadel tci
awe thcin. line, in 1576. w.ix con*
cliidfd till' f.i;n.iui treaty, called the
P.icirtcati(»n of (Jlient, ihe firfl com-
rnenccmcnt of ihe l'cpirati>in of (even
province* frotn thi' fi. venteeii which then
formed the N iheiland^. Ghent h m
lii'cti often taken • the I ill timo by the
French, in i;q4. It is feitcd mi ihu
Scheldt, at the iiifliix of the Lis, Lievu,
anil Moe/e, z(, m nw Hrullel*. Lon. 3
44 ".lat. 5i.< V.

a/ifrjfonjf, a city and the capital of th«
kingdom of AHiim. It i< fenced with
b.imbooH, and has four gates conllrudt-
ed of (lone and earth. The r.ija, or
king, has a Iplendid palace, furrounded
by a ditch lull of water. It is T ated
on the Degoo, near its conflux with tht
Hurrampooter, 400 m Nn Calcutta. Lou.
93 .36 v., tat. a6 25 N.

G/ieriafit a Icaport of Hindoodan, on
thf coad of Concan. It was the capital
of Angria, a famous piratical prince,
whole fort here was taki-n, and his whole
lleet deftroyed, in i7.s^', by the Englilh
and Mahrattas. It is i6j m s by e Bom-
bay. Lon. 73 8 k, lat. 16 45 N.

iUtixa ; fee l>iz</i.

Ghiddore, a town of Hindoodan, In
liengal, 011 the confines of Bahar, 84 m
sK Patna.

Chiltni, a province of Perfia, bounded
on the K by the ('afpian fea and Mazan*
deran, sby Irak, w and n by Adcrbijan.
On tlicwfulcare hig!» mountains, which
arc covered with many forts of trees,
and vines that grow w"'d. It pioducea
abundance of fruit, oil, wine, rice, to*
bacco, and cxci'llent filk. This province
was ceded to RuHia, in 17J4, but not
pofll'ired by Ruflia till 1780, and was
rcdored in 1797. Relht !< the capital.

(ihihtn, St. a town of France, in the
department of Nord, feated on the
Ilaina, 5 m w Mons.

Chizm, or Gaz/ui, a town of the coun-
try of Cabul, once thecapital of a power-
ful empire of the fame nam»*. It is
called the f'Cond Medina, from the
great number of illudrious perfons who
have been interred here. It is 54 m s
Cabul. Lon. 68 20 k, Ut. 38 40 n.

Ghourbond, a town of the country of
Cabul, 4a m nw Cabul.
Ta

■i^l

i

■i

H

I

■J:

(2 1 n

CJflt, or 6'V«'' • *♦'«"' ^' Ruffi«i (m
Ihe gofvtiimi'iit of Mui>-ow, wtth nu-
iiirriMu citiirch' •, »ml m-inafa^turtt of
liiKii cliih On ^ni«irb(r i, lAit, it
wm entered l)y the lr»'iKh. v ho foun.l
ttt'^mNg-ixiiiftjiiKl hriilt;r« iMitol. I( i«
lltiiiiic on « riviT itt I he (A\}\t ninr.
wliich i« iia%igjblr to the NVolgj, 90 m
w hv • Mofi"\v.

inb'-llo, A »o\vn of lt«I», i" P^rmtfan,
on thi- rifiT Po, 16 m ^^v I'^rmS'

CiitrnUon, a town of Spjin, In And4«
tiida. with 4 harbour for lm.itl craftt uf)
lh»' rivjT DdicI, 51 m w Seville.

(idraltar, A town of S|)4in. in Aiula-
lufi.i. near .1 mount. lin of the (iimenamr.
fornu-rly called Ci'pe. which, with
Abyl;i» on the oppiil'uf (h )re of Afnci,
wi.TC calU'd the I'illari of |{(tt:ulci.
Tjrick, a general of thr Mi»or«, hudt a
fnrtrtfn here, which hr c.illed Oibel-
Tarick, thai ii, Mount T^rick. Slno!
that timi- .' town lias been built at the
toot of this look, which i* ftrongly for-
liHfd. It can Ik; appronchttl only by .1
narrow pan*.4pe l)ctwcen the mountain
and thf Iim, acroln which the Spaniard!
have drawn a line, and fortiHed it, to
prevrnt the garrifon from having any
tor..municatioii with the coiiiitry. The
rock .ibnunds in partridges ; and on the
rift fide, amid the broken ptccipkOt it
a ftraiiiin of bonrs, belonging to various
arimali. rnchafed in a teddith calcareoiii
ftnne. Gibraltar was taken from the
Moors in 1461 1 *nd in 1704 it fell into
the hands of the Englifh. The Spaniards
altemptiHl to retake it the following
yi>ar{ and thry bcflrgcd it a^ain, in
17:7, with a* little fucccfi- It fiidained
a fiege from July 1779 to February 1783,
mhtn the fiege was finally raifed, on
advice being received that the prelimi-
rariei of peace were figned ; but it may
be conndercd ai terminated in Sep-
tember 1 7^2, on the failure of a grand
attacli made by the Spaniard*, whole
floating batteriei wcredeftroyed by red-
hot ihot, from the '.arrifon. The num-
ber and ftrength of the military works,
and the vaft galleries opened in the cal-
careous rock, excite admiration ; and
the fortrel's, in tne opinion of molt en-
gineers, iiabfolutejy impreirniiblc. The
garrifon here is cooped up in a -very
narrow compafs, and in a war with
Spain has no provifion.^, but whit are
brought from Barbary and Eiij^H.ind.
The ftraitof Gibraltar l» 24 m long and
15 broad, and a ftrong upper current
always runs through it trom the At-
lantic into the Mediterranean. G.b al-
tar is 6:: m SK Cadiz Lon. 5 as w, Ut.

CI II.

Ciitaltar, a town of IVrrn Fiim<, In
Vfnetui'li, defended by fomc furttfica*
(itin*. I he Air It iinhrilthful in ih*
raiiiv fc.ilop, that the merchant* md
plintei* c^nrnlly retire at thtt time to
M juca, ho. The • nvtron* puKlut e the
bcfV ctK'OA in the province, ^nd nn n-
cel'ent kind of tolneoo. It lUndi on
the SI eoiO of the lake MaracnylHi, u«
m siR M.iraciybo. Lon. 70 45 w, Ui.
• mm.

Cim, a town of Frsnce, In the de-
partment of Loirct, U'Aled on the Loin ,
j4 m K«r. Orleans.

f>'i/«^<<r, a town of Atiabia, on the
river Brent/, ill m nni Lflm.

f'fVttftcr, A town of liaibary, in Tii<
pdii, 10 m » Tr poll,

Ciera.t, a town of N.ipIcK, in Cal.ibiii
Ultra, (eated on .1 mountain, near the
fea. u rn r.Ni Uefrcio.

tiifjJentA fcrtifltd town of Germ.my,
in Upper HflFe, wilh a eit uUI and .1
univcrllfy. It l)eK»ngs to the houle of
Darmftadt, and is the leat of its lenien-
cy for Upper IleOi;. In 17^9 itwi«
taken by the Trench, and it furrendirtcl
to them ill i7gA, but was foon aflir
taken by ffc Aurtriann. It ii feakd om
the L.din, \ft lit w.>w Mjiburg. Lun I
41 K, lat.50 ,i5 N.

(■hgat a fm til iiland, one of the II< •
liiidei, lying on the w cnafl of the pen
Inriili of Cantyie, and included in A;-
gylediire. The inhabitants < xport corn,
med, and ke'p.

f»/if//o, a fniall id.ind on the coaft of
Tiifcany, with a cattle, 15 m wsw Or-
bitillo.

Oignac, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Ilcrault, on the river \U-
raiilt, 14 m w Mon'pellicr.

(jihon \ fee Amu-

Ciiofi, or Cj/on, a feaport of Sp.iiti,
In Aftur..is, with an ancient caftle; irtt-
eil «)n thr bay of Difciy, 14 m Kt Ovie-
do. Lon. 5 56 w, lat. 4^^ 34 n.

(•elUi, St. a town ot France, in tif
department of Vendee, on the rivrr
\"\e, near its mouth, i(t m NNwSabln
d'(^lonne.

(ii/for/i, a town of Ireland, in the
county of ])own, on the river Bann, n
m N Newry.

(Silolo, an ifland, the larjjefl of the
Moluccas. It \H ijo m from s to s, but
ii intcrfided by feveral large luyj, 1
that the Ireadlh of any lim') ftltlom
esc«'cds 'lo m. The Ihores are in gi;-
heral low, and the interior riles in li);li
peaks. It does n(»t produce any fii"!
fp'cca, but has a great deal of rice, and
abounds with oxen, buffaloft, goats,!
deer, and wild liOjfS. The fu!tan» 9f|

IVrrn FJtmi. h»

lomc furtlf\M-

iilthfiil In ili«

> At thu nmr (0

'on»priHluie tilt

, It Pttltit oil

M.uacaylH), ii«
i)». 70 4S '^ » '••'•

led on the Loltt ,

,f HiubU, on the
iiUlm.
biibary, In Tii-

>I.«p1«»,lnC.i1abiii
ount.»i«i» «K»r l^''

own of Oirminy,
h .1 cit uUl nml .»
jr« to tlic houlf of
,c ivA of it« »ij:cii'

s. In I7.S9 " ^^"
,and it riirf<'nc'.ir..l
tmt wa« f«»«)n ^fttr
,nn. It M fe.itcil OM
<v Miiburg. Lun I

\u\, one of the II •

w coafldf the p«ii

»od tncUuloil in A' •

bitanti rxport corn,

uul on the coaft of
ftlf, ij m wHw Or-

f France, in thci!'-
t. on the river lie-
peUicr.

ir

;k fi^port of Sp.iiii,
aucit'iitCAftle; if.»t-
cjy, 14 rnKK Ovie-

Ut. ^ 34 >»• . ,
vn ot France, in ttf

ndcc, on the rivrr
ih, i^ rrt NNwSabI»i

n of Irelanil, in tlic
on the river Baun, ij

:I, ih«* larj^L'ft of the
jomfvo'.n N to s, but
U-vfral l.irgc hiy't
i)f any liin'i ftUlum
lie Ibort'S are in |;<;-
l<; interior riles in l.i;;li
ItK^t proiUiCf any tii"-
treat deal of rice, a™
<cn, buffalop, goats,
ioiiS. The fultani of]

cm

Tirnitr anJ Tklore >li4rr ih!i tflanJ
txtwi^vn Ihrin. Tlh* n4tivt't urn in*
diiArinut, particularly in wiuvlng. Oni<
ol Ihr Lhivf lowiii It Tdany, oil a
riiull proin<>(|iory uf the lutUrn liuil),
«ntl only tcectlibic by Lddtfi. Ltiu.
119 o K, lat o 14 M.

iiimoHi, .t t tvMi t)f Pr«nc>«, In the de-
partment of (ici«, 11 m ^ Aueli.

Gifij^ft, A town of liiiwtc)<t(t til, ill
ihi* ('MfO.ttic, Uroti^ both liy n iiurt* mid
.irt, bi'ixg fiMte.l on a niouniiin, whof/
t>>p i« divided intti three po iitii on each
of witirh ii a caOh*. In ijs->* 't mmi
liken by the Freiuh. It i» jt in sw
Ponditheny Loii;.; m h. lit. i: i.^w.
Ci»i(itti, an imeiior itrxd tin of Afri-
ca, ninatctu the n of Abyin.tia.rfnd w
Mirhidai.

(iiorjfitv, « town of I'nropran Tiir-
keyi in Walachii, noar whirhthc Unf-
fi.niH gained a ((irul vii^'.ury tivi r the
Tniki in 1771. It ii fiMt<<l uii the Da-
iiiihe, 46 m hW Diichort'll

Ciiov.-ntixxo, a town of Naplcii in
Tirr4 di Hiri. with a cadle. It ha«
hi)(h houfeiand tower*, buill of polilb-
cd (lone, with flat niofi, which give
it a lingular appearance. U ii lealed
ncartKc lea, to m nw Baii.

(.Vr.y/, a lown of Perl'u* in Kormin«
witli a trade in wlieal and da^ei) too m
I ly N Goiiibron.

i'ir^f, aiovvn of Egypt, the capital
of Said, and lefidence of the b«'y of
Upper F.gypt. 1 1 ii iibout ,) m in cir*
ciiiifcrrnce, and co'itains ftvcril inol-
ijtK's ba/.irs, and I'iiiuks, but no mar-
ble bnildings, or remains of .tncient
ilruiitureK. It ftand» near the left b.ink
|>I' the Nile, 130 m nnw El'ne, and i+o
<C4iro. Lon 31 52 E, lat. 36 .40 n.

(iiif^enti, a fciport of Sicily, in Valdi
Miz.ira, and a bilbup's fee, with a call'.e.
It it p.trt of the ancii'iit Ai;rtt(t-ntii:n,
wliii the vicinity are numerous reinainsi
of temples, &c. The cathedral is a
magiiiticcnt pile, and there ait- 15 coii-
vnt», and an eccleliaflical ll-ininary.
Thi; harbour, at thf monih of tlic river
3t. Blaife, is formed by a tine mole, con-
Aruiti'd in 175 a, and was capable of re-
ceiving large velFels ; but from iiegii-
((ence there is now only 1 a feet <»f water
on tht! bar. The chi»^f exports aie
corn and fiilphnr; but itu trade and
papulation is ^iroatly decreafi-d. It
iundi on A hill, near the river, 61 m :>
Palermo Lon. 13 42 h, lat. 37 :o n.

OiromU, a river of France, formed
by the union of the Garonne and Dor-
<!ugne, 12 m N of Rourdeanx, which
™ii» into the bay of Uifcay after a wsw

fl\7.

rourlc of about «> in At iti m'liitli
i< a t «mou« lower and li^bth'tufe, ealh d
Ctirijun Ml, htuit<<oii a itK'k in lh> fi.i,
t>^ m N > \« Uituidetux. I.«>n 1 1^ w, bt.

15 i» f*-

i'lrtnde, a t'cparttnent of Franc,
which Incliidci p trt of thr I ate province
of Otiir' III', it l!«?4 on both Adc* of
ihf (; rohiiv, and b.ii it» nini' riorti
til- l.i..ir pift of that river, which it
C4ll«d the (iitondf. lluurdcaux it the
capiul.

(»/«•/'-•'•.•, Si, .1 town of France, in the
dt'patinunt of .Kriiigc, un the Sai.it, 4
in « by > ><t. l.ixit'r

(iirv*n a town of Scotland, in Ayr*
(hire, Mt t!u' iiioiith of the river Giiv.ni,
which fotini a loln.tble harbour. The
inhabit iiitflarechit'lly weavers of cotton
and woollen cloths. It is 16 m ^ by w
Ayr.

Gifliorotigh, a town in N Yorklhire,
with a market on .Monday. It is ceic*
brated for heiiig the flrf\ pLice whire
alum wan made, ai it wat fornurly fiir
itHfinf.tlibey It i« lam'wHW Wliitby,
and 247 N by w London.

Oi/ori, J lown of France, In thi* di*-
parimcnt uf Hnie, (Vaied on the Ept,
tt m it Kouen

(•it^lftin, a town of Uoticmia, whidi
futleicd greatly duriiij; thi.- long w.ir of
the 8\vede<i in Gern.any. It iit S2 m nw
Konin(;fgiatZ.

Gii'ft, .1 f(»rti{iid town of Franc**, in
the depariuicnt of Ardennes, divided
by the MeulV into two parts, («ivct
Saint Ililuiie and Givet Notre D.iinf,
the forinci lituate at tli<* foot of a inoun-
t (in clofc by Cliarleniont. and thr other
(III the oppoftte Itdu of the river. It it
:o m Nf. KotToy.

Giiilit, a [\rot\g town of Upper Hun-
g try, on ihe frontiers of Tranfylvania
iind t!if rivir Kerrlblan, 30 m s>w Great
Waradin. Lon. 2^ 40 c, lat 46 40 s.

Git/la \uovu, a town of Naple'*, in
Abiuz/u Uluj, near the gulf of V(nicet
13 m N Airi.

CiuHanu, a town of Sicily, in Val di
Mi/.ara, on a craggy rocic, 12 m knk
Xacci.

Giu/ijnJrl, a town of European Tiir-
ki:y, in Macedonia, and a CJrt'ck arch-
bilbop's lee; iVatcd near Laki' Ochrida,
60 m .SB Duru/z ). Lon. ao ,^6 e, lat.
41 40 N.

Giztr/hor Chezr, -a fortifird town of
Egypt, with a paKico, H.vctal niofi|iit.'H,
u cannon foundcry, arul a nvmufadlnre
of coarlc earthen pots and tiles. Six u\
to the SK are the largt ft pyramids in the
country. Gi/A-h waa taken tVo u the

II

M

'v f

m

ft

.1

c; T. A

French by the Riitilli in iflor. It ft.\ni!s
on the Ii-lt bank of tin- Nil.', ne.irlv op.
pofitc ('aim.

liludbr.ch, -I ^own of France, in the
(Icpattnirnr of Rotr, lately of Gcrnviny,
in tlu* diu'hy of Jiihtia, w^th a Hcnc-
tliJtiiie .ihhcy. It hag m.miifaf^turcs of
fine (Iroiig linen, and is I'ealed uii the
Nor, i6 m n Julitra.

(.Untli-nhiichf a town of G rmany, in
Uppei lli'iri', 12 m N Cicfl'en.

GUtmniis, a town of Scotland, in
Forfnr(hirc, with nrtnuf.idiires of yarn
and linrii clotli. Mi'ur it, on the banic
of thr Dean, ia Gl immiucaltU', a large
edifice, in which Malcolm ii was mur-
dtrcd. It is 4 m s\v Forfar.

Ghimorynnjbirc, a county of Wales,
bounded on the n by Carmarthenfliire
and BieckiuiwI-fhirf, t by Monmonth-
fliirc, and s and w by the Hiiltol chan-
nel. It is 48 m long and z(s broad,
containing 526,080 acres; i;; divided into
10 hundreds, and i55parilhe8 ; has one
City and five market- towns ; and fends
two members to parliament. The nnm-
ber of inhabitants wa:? 71.525 in iHoi,
and 85,067 in iBii- On the s' fide it is
motmtainoiii ; but on the s it bears larj^e
crops ofeoin, and very Iweel grafs. Cat-
tle abound in all part ^,, there being valleys
am:ing the mountains that yii Id good
pafture. The other commodities are
lead, coal, iron, and limeflone. The
piincipal rivers are the Riimney, TafF,
Elwy, Neath, and Tawy. Cnrdiif is the
county-town, and Swunfla the largelt ;
but the aflizesare held at Cowbridge.

G/ande/a^h, a village of Ireland, in
the county of Wexford, on the river
OvDca, II m w Wexford. It was for-
merly a city, and is now celebrated for
its Seven Churches and other monallic
remains.

Glmifordhr'ulf^e, or Br[^, a town in
Lincolnfhire, with a market on Thurf-
^lay, and a good trade in corn, coal, and
timber. It is feated on the Ancholm,
which is navigable for floops to the
Humber, 33 m n Lincoln, and 156 N by
w London.

Glaniuorth, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Cork, on the river Funcheon,
23 m N by E Cork.

Glaris. or GJarus-, a canton of Svvif-
ferland, bounded on the n' by the river
Linth, E by the canton of Grifons, and
s by the liime and the cantons of Uri
and Schweitz. It is a mountainous
country ; and the chief trade is in cat-
tle, cheefe, and butter. The inhabit-
ants, eftimated at 20,000, are partly
proteftants and partly catholics ; and
both ftdls live together in the greateft

GL A

harmony. Glarus is furroundcd by the
Alp'i, except toward.the n ; and there
itt no other entrance but thrcnigh this
openinj,', which lies between the lake
of W.illenitadt, and the mountains
(^pirating this canton from that of
Schwcit/.

('•laiis, a town of SwiHliland, ca-
pital of a canton of the f.uue nanie. It
haw maiiufadures of cloth, .md a trade
in cattle, hoi lis, chief*', ll.ites, aiid
wooden waic In 1799. tlu- kuniuia
tinder marliial Suwarrosv advanced as
far ar. this place, and d, feated the
French ; but, in confeciueiice of general
Ilot/e'b defc'.it near Zurich, reliitd into
the Grili)ns. Claris is i'urrouiuled by
mountains, ami feated on the rivir
I/nith, 32 m su Zurich. Lon 9 7 k, l-<t.
4655N.

iUafirow, a city of Scoiland, m La-
ncrklhire, leaied on the ■- lide of the
Clyd", over which are two biidgen.
From its extent, and the btaiity and
rCiTularity of its buildings, it is dt-enied
the fccond city in Scotland. The lt)iir
principal flrccis, which interfi-fl eiich
other at right angles, divide the city
nearly into lour equal patts. Glalgow
was once an architpifcop^l fee. The
cathedral, or hijdi church, is u magni-
hecnt gothic Itnitlure, and divided into
twt) places of vvoilhip. There are fix
otl r churches, three chaptls of taf ,
and many places of wurlhip for dif-
ferent denominations. Here is a cele-
brated univerfity, founded in 1450, iV.^.
iingle college belonging to which is an
elegant building : the library contains
a large and valuable colle»5tion of books;
thr obfervatory is fitted up with the
molt improved inftruments ; and in the
garden is an elegant building that con-
tains the important collection of books,
manufcripts. medals, coins, and anato-
mical preparations, bequeathed by the
late Dr. Wm. Hunter. The academi-
cal inllitution is a handfome edifice,
where a regtdar coiirfe of inftnidion is
given to thofe who do not intend to
enter any univerfity. The towiihoufc is
an elegant building with a piazza in
front ; and oppofite it is the exchange,
a fqiiare building, with an equeftrian
ftatuc of William 111 in the centre.
The toll-booth, the guildhall, and the
theatre, are alfo worthy of notice.
There are feveral charitable eftahlilli-
ments; particularly the Merchant's hol-
pital and that of the town, and a royal
infirmary. Glalgow has a confider-
able foreign trade; andits numerous ma-
nufadures, particularly of muflin, cot-
ton, calico, coarfe woollen cloth, por-

1^ Wfi

L

urroundcdby the
the N ; ;\iul th cio
hilt thriuigli this
)tt\v(.'en the l.vkc
, the moiintain»
jii from that of

p SwinVil.iiid, ca-
ll.- r.une nanii.'. It
L:!oth, .ind a traJi;
i.cl'.', Il.itfs, and
799, thi- Riiffiuis
now :,dvanccd as
\m\ d-featcd tlie
cquiMicc of general
Zurich, rc-lirid into
is i'urroundcd hy
ited on the livir
;h. Lon 9 7 K,l.tt.

•f Scotland, in La-
thi- •■ lide of the
are two biidjris.
lid the btaiity and
UiiiitT'^i it is drfnieil
coil'and. The tour
hich iiitfrfcet each
Ifs, divide liie city
i;d paits. Glal^ow
tpii'copil fee. The
;hurch, is u ma^ni-
1I-, and divided into
hip. There aiv fix
te chaptls of chIi ,
(f vvorHiip for dif-
19. Here is a cele-
)imded in i45o> th*^
ging to which is an
lie library contains
coUcdtiou of books;
fiittd up with the
iiments ; and in the
t building that con-
coUcdiou of books,
s, coins, and anato-
bequeathed by the
;er. The academi-
handfoine edifice,
ixrfe of inftnidtion is
o do not intend to
Thetownlioufc is
g with a piazza in
it i? the exchange,
with an equcftrian
III in the centre.
2 puildhall, and the
worthy of notice,
charitable eftahlilli;
the Merchant's hol-
: town, and a royal
iw has a confider-
and its numerous ma-
darly of mnllin, cot-
wooUen cloth, por-

•ela'm, glafs, the rffming of fngar, and
the tanning of leather, ai-r G.irried on
to .1 great extent. The CImIo i^ navi-
gable for vcflels of eipht let t witrr as far
as the bri(!(,'e ; but l,ir»xer vcHVIs lloj) at
Port Glafgow, or Gaenock, to uido;id;
it has alfn the idvaiit 1 -e of two cainls,
befide the (ii ■ t canal th.it joins the
Clytlc to tiie I'.ir'.h. The number of
iniiabitinta was 46,779 In 1801, and
58,^^4. in t8ii, or with the ftd)Urb3
100.749- It is 4j tn w hy s Edinbuig.
Lon. 4 rB w, hit 5? 51 N.

(^'ylonbunj, a town in Somerfetfliirc,
povcriie.'l by .1 mayor, with a market on
Tui'lday. It is feaied near ?. high hill,
callid the Tor, and famous for an ab-
bey, that oconpied an ana of 60 acres,
of whii h I m* cvwiliderable ruins ftiU
remain ; piiii,:ul.irly tlie kitchen, which
is of \ very n. iiriial contrivance. The
Ge»)rge mn wa-.formeily an hofpital for
the accr.nimotlatioii of pilgrims who
came to the .ibbey, and to fee the holy
thorn, which, it was pretended, was
planted by Jofcph of Arimathea, ,ind
bloiFomed on Chriftmafi eve. It was
alio pretended, that the body of Jofeph,
of king Arthur, and of Edward the con-
feflbr, were buried here. The laft ab-
bot of this place was hanged on the top
of the 'lor, by order of Henry viir,
for not acknowledging his fuprcmacy ;
,ind on this hdl is a tower, which ferves
as a leamark. Glaftonbury has two
churches, and a manufa(5lure of wor-
fted (lockings. It is fcated on the river
Brue, 6 m sw Wells, and 124 w by s
London.

iilajhnbury^ a town of Connedlicut,
in Hartford county, on the e IiJe of
Connecticut river, 9 m s by e Hart-
ford.

Glatz, a fovereign county of Ger-
many, lying between Silefia, Bohemia,
and Moravia, furrounded by mountains.
It is 40 m long and 25 broad, has mines
of coal, copper, and iron, quarries of
marble and Itone, and fprings of mine-
ral waters. In 1742, it was ceded to
the king of Pruflia, by the queen of
Hungary, and is now deemed a part of
Silelia.

(ilatz, a ftrong town of Silefia, capi-
tal of the county of Glatz, feated on the
fide of a hill, by the river Ncifle. On
the top of the hill is an ancient caftle,
and a new citadel. In 1742 the Pruflians
took the town by capitulation ; and in
1760, the Auftrians took it by ftorm, but
reftored it in 1763. It is 48 m ssE
Breflau, and 82 ene Prague. Lon. 16
3* E.lat. 50 18 N.

Glauc/iau, a town of Upper Saxony^

a 1. 0

In Mifnia, with con ider;«ble manufac-
tures of Ihifts ; fe.Utd on the Muldau,
9 m N Zwickau.

iUcnvitz, a town of Silrfii, noted for
the culture of hops and the weaving of
cloth, 34 in sh Oppelen.

(•Uitattut a town of In-'and, in the
county of A-'trim, with a caftle; fealcd
near a biy of its name, 20 m nnw Car-
rickfergu"?.

C'leucaplf^ a town of Scotland, in
i^umfricslhire, where much buliiiefs is
tr^'ilatfted in the coafting tr.ide. It is
ieat d on the Nith, near its mouth, 5 m
3 Di'.mlVies.

iU:)ilucs, a town of Scotland, in Wlpr-
tonlhire, with a h irbour for Imall veHels.
Nem- it is the ruin of an abbey. It is feat-
ed on the river Luce, iie:ir its entrance
into Luce bay, \h in w Wigton.

(J/ogaii, a town of Silelia, capit.il of
a principality of the fame name, which
is very fertile, and produces wine.
The town is well fortified, and for-
merly ftood clofe by the Oder, which
has fince changed its courfe, and now
flows about a mile from it. Hefide the
pipifts, there is a great number of pio-
tefiants and Jiws. It was taken by
the king of Pruflia in 1741. After the
peace in 1742, that king fettled the
i'upremc court of juftice here ; it being,
next to Breflau, the moll populous
place in Silefia. It is 50 m n vv Breflau.
Lon. 16 14 E, lat. 5 I 38 N.

G/ogau, Little, a town of Silefia, with
a collegiate church and mlnorite con-
vent, 23 m 3 Oppelen.

Glomme, a river of Norway, in the
province of Aggerhuys, which flows
into the North lea, at Fredericftadt. It
receives the river Worme, which iflucs
from the lake Mios. and is not navigable
in any part of its courfe from this lake
to Fredericftadf, the dream being in-
tercepted by 'jch frequent catarafls
and flioals, as 'n fome places to render
it necelfary to drag the trees, which are
floated down, over the ground. At
leaft 50,000 trees are annually floated
by this river to Fredericftadt.

Gloucejiery a city and the capital of
Gloucelterfhire, with a market on Wed-
nefday and Saturday. T- is a county of
itfclf, governed by a mayor, and feated
on the E fide of the Severn, where, by
two ftreams, it makes the ifle of Alney.
It was fortified with a wall, which
Charles ti, after the reftoration, order-
ed to be demolilhed. The four prin-
cipal ftrcets have their jun<*lion in .ne
centre of the town. It once contamed
1 1 churches, but now has only five,
befide the cathedral, in which arc a

TH !

,?,l|

m

GLO

large cloifter, a whifpering gallery, and
the tombs of RolKit duke of Nor-
mandy and Edward 1 1. it has five hof.
pitalti two frecfchools, aiid a county
gaol. The numbtr of inhabitanta was
7579in i8oi, and 8z8o in i8ii' Great
quantities of pins are mnde here ; and
thero are i a incorporated trading com-
panicd. Ships come up by the Stvern
to the bridge; but the navigation being
circuitous and diiBcnlt, a canal \» made
hence to Rerlteley, at the head «)f which
is abafin fit for the reception of loo vef-
fcl«. The city and neighbourhood con-
tains many remains of abliey 8 ; and thoTe
of Lantopy abbey, in the s fubiirb, are
converted into outhoufes belonging to
adjacent farms. Glouceller is 24 m
NE Briftol, and 104 w by n London,
Lon. a 16 »', lit. 51 .50 N

Gloucfjier, a fcaport of MalTachufcts,
in Eflex county, and on the peninfula
of Cape Ann, which forms the n fide
of Maff i;hufct8 bay. The harbour is
acccflible for large (hipa, and deicnded
by a battery and citadel. It is one of
the mod confidtrable fiihing-towns in
the United States, and 15 mN k Salem.
Lon. 70 40 w, lat. 42 36 n.

Gloucejler^ a town of Virginia, cbi -f
of a fertile county of the fame name.
It (lands on a point of land on the n
fide of the mouth of York rivrr, 17 m
KB York-town, and 70 e by s Rich-
mond-

GUucefier, a town of New Jerfey, in
the county of the fame name, of which
it was formerly the capital. It (lands on
the river Delaware, 5ms Philadelphia.

Gloucefter, AVw, a town of the dif-
\.\\St of Maine, in Cumberland county,
«7 m N Portland.

Gloucejierjhiret a county of England,
bounded on the w by Herefordfhire and
Moninouthfhire, n by Worcefterfhire,
B by Warwickfhirc and Oxford/hire,
and s by Wiltftiire and Soinerfetfiiire.
It is 60 m long and 26 broad, con-
taining 7i8}08o acres; is divided into
%\i hundreds, and 338 parifiiee; has
two cities and 25 market- towns; and
fends 10 members to parliament. The
number of inhabitants was 250,809 in
.1801, and 285,514 in 18 ii- The air is
fharp in the e, or hilly part, called the
CotejkvolJi but very mild in the rich
Tale that occupies the ceiitre, through
^ivhich the rirer Severn flows. The w
part, which is the fmalleft diftrift, is va-
ried by hill and dale, and is chit^fly occu-
pied by the foreft of Dean. The ftaple
commodities of the county are its wool-
.lens and cbeefe. The principal rivers
arc. the Severn, Warwickfhirc Avon,

GOA

Lower Avon, Wye, Thanaes,Coln, and
Lech

Gkuji, a town of Lithuania, in the
paUtin.ilc of Novogrodeck, fituate on
tiic Pe/yca, 44 m ksk Sioulk.

Gliickjwdtt a ffaport of Lower Sax-
ony, capit.il of the duchy of Holftein,
with a llrong cadle- It hac a confulcr-
alile foreign trade, the principal branch
of which is the whale fiihery. In 1813
the fortiefa, after fix days he.ivy bom-
bardment, liirrendered to a lititifli and
Swedifh force. It is fcated on the
elciiaiy oi the Kibe, 28 m nw Ham-
burg. Lon. 9 28 E, lat. 53 51 n.

Clurrm, a town of Germany, in the
county rf Tyrol, on the river Adige,
2^ m w Ijy N Meran.

Gne/gti, or Gnejha, the capital of
Great Poland, and an archbifhops fre,
whole prrlatc was primate of i'oland.
The cathedral contains a v.ill trcal'ure
of cofily veficls and vettments ; and its
gaie.s, of Corinthian brafs curiously
wrought, belonged formerly to a Greek
monaftery in Taurica Cherfonefus. It
was the firfl town built in the king-
dom, and formerly more confiderable
than at prefent- It is 90 m n by r.
Breflau, and 1 25 w by n Warfaw. Lon.
17 40 E, lat. 52 28 N.

Gon, a city of Hindcofian, in the
Concan, and the capital of the Portu-
guefe fettiemcnts in India. It ftandson
the N fide of an ifland, 2% m long and 6
broad, formed by the river Mandova,
which is capable of receiving the largeft
ftiips. The viceroy's palace is a noble
building, at a fmali didance from the
river. Here are a great number of
handfome churches and convents, and
a {lately hofpital. The Louies are large,
and make a fine appearance, but are
poorly furniftied. The market-place
takes up an acre of ground ; and in
the (hops about it may be had the pro-
duce of Europe, China, Bengal, and
other countries. The inhabitants are
contented with greens, fruits, and roots,
which, with a little bread, rice, and fifh,
is their principal diet, though they have
bogs and fowls in plenty. Their religion
is the Roman catholic, and the clergy
are numerous and illiterate. Only
one of the churches has glafs windows;
for they make ufe of clear oyfter-fhelU
inftead of glafs, and all their fine houfes
have the fame. Goa has few manufac-
tures or productions, the bed. trade
being in arrack, which is diftilleu from
the fap of the cocoa-nut tree. The har-
bour* is defended by feveral forts ^nd
batteries. It is 250 m s by E Bombay.
Lon. 73 45 e, lat. 15 j I M.

lamettColiiianU

lindcoftan, in the
sital of the Portu-
ndia. It ftandson
d, 21 m long and 6
le river Mandova,
eceiving the iargeft
s palace is a noble
diftance from the
great number of
and convents, and
heLoufesare large,
jpearance, but are
The market-place
f ground ; and in
lay be had the pro-
'hina, Bengal, and
'he inhabitants are
13, fruits, and roots,
)read, rice, and fifti,
t, though they have
;nty. Their religion
)lic, and the clergy
I illiterate. Only
has glafs windows)
if clear oyfter-flielU
all their fine houfei
la has few manufac-

GOD

Gcttlbara, a town of Hindoodan, in
Bengal, where the Europeans have fac-
tors, who carry on a great trade with
Aflam, Bootan, Tibet, &c. It ftandi
on the loft bank of the Burrumpootcr,
3H m E Kangamaity.

Otar, St. a fortified town of France.
in the department of Rhine and Mo-
fclK", lately of Germany, and the c.i-

fiital of the lower county of Caizenel-
enbogen. It is feated on the Rhine,
under the ftupendous rrx:k and cnftle of
Rheinfols, with which it furrcndered to
the French in J 794. It haB a confider-
able trade in wines and hiden, and is 17
m 8K Coblentz.

Ooarjhuuferit St. a town of Germany,
in the circle of Upper Rhine, and lower
county of Catzencllenbogen. On a
mountain near it is a ftrong c»flle called
Catze. It is feafed on the Rhine, op-
pofite Rheinfels, 10 m sw NalTau.

Ooavff Grnnd, a feaport of St. Do-
minjfo, with a harbour capable of con-
taining many ihips. The environs con-
tain plantations of fugar, coffee, indigo,
and cotton. It is 10 rn ssw Leogane.
Gcavt, Petit, a feaport of St. Do-
mingo, with a good harbour defended
by a caftle. It is 20 m sw Leogane.
Oobin, St ; fee Fere.
Goc/i, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the duchy of Cleve ; Icatcd on the
Niers, 8ms Cleve.

Goclifljeim, or Gochfen, a town of Sua-
bia, in the duchy of Wirtemburg, 16 m
I Heidelberg.

Gociano, a town of Sardinia, capital
of a county of the fame name, with a
caftle feated on the Thurfo, 25 m e
Algher.

Godalmitiff, a town in Surry, with a
market on Saturday, and manufadtures
of ftockings, and coarfe woollen cloths ;
feated oit the Wcy, where it divides
into feveral ftreams, 4 m sw Guildford
and 34 London.

Godavery, a river of Hindooftan,
which has its fources in the Sukhien
mountains, 70 m to the ne of Bombay.
In the upper part of its courfc it is cf-
teemed a facred river by the Hindoos,
who called it Gonga, a term for a river
in general. After crofling Dowlatabad
and Golconda, from w to e, it turns
to the sE, and • receiving the Bain
about 90 m from the fea, divides into
two principal channels at Rajamun-
dry; and thefe fubdividing again,
form feveral tide harbours, for veflcls
of moderate burden, at its different
wpuths in the bay of Bengal. lis courfe
»» cliimated to be above 700 mj and

G O G

exlenlivc forefls of ttal; border on ita
banks, within the mountains.

(wderviUe, a town of France, in the
department of Lowtr Suine, 9 m ni
Montivilliert.

GeJinjf, a town of Moravia, with a
fine cattle, feated «>n .. biauch ot the
Marche, 38 n^ sk Urunn.

Codmanrh filer, a corporate town in
Huntingdonihire, parted from Hun*
tingdoii by tho river Oufe It is fi-atcd
in a rich foil, wh'ch yields great pit nty
of corn. When James I came through
it from Scotland, the inhabitants met
him with 70 ploughs, drawn by as many
teams of horfes ; for which novel light
he granted ihem a charter. Here is a
fchool called the free grammar-(chool
of qui'en Elifabcth. It is 59 m n by w
London.

* ('odra, a town of Hindooftan, in
Guzerat, 55 m R Amedabad. Lon.
73 40 R, lat. 22 50 N.

Godivin Sands, findbanks off the E
coaft of Kent, in England, between the
N and S Foreland. They run parallel
with the coaft for 10 m, at aUout 7 m
diftant, and add to the fecurity of the
capacious road, the Downs. Theie
fands occupy the fpace that was formerly
a large trat^ of giound belonging to
Godwin earl of Kent, father of king
Harold ; and which being afterward
given to the monaltory of St. Auguftin,
at Canterbury, the abbot negleding to
keep in repair the wall that defended it
from the fea, the whole traft was
drowned in the year 1 100, leaving thefe
fands, upon which many fhips have
been wrecked.

Goes, or Ter Goes, a ftrong town of
Holland, in Zealand, capital of the
ifland of S Bevcland. It has a con-
fiderable trade, particularly in fait and
corn. The great church was burnt
down in 16 . 8, and another was built,
which is a handfome ftrnflure- It com-
municates vvitli the Scheldt by a canal,
and is ao m E Middleburg. Lon. 3 50
E, lat. 51 33 N.

Gofrard, a town of Sweden, in E
Gothland, 23 m nnw Linkioping.

Gogo, a town of Hindooftan, in Gn>
zerat, with a good tide harbour, at the
mouth of a river, in the gulf of Cam-
bay, 100 m ssw Amcdibad. Lon.

71 53 E, lat. 21 45 N.

Gogra, or Soorjeiv, a river that iffuea
from LakeLankee in Tibet, anti forcing
its way through Mount Himmaleh^
pervades the province of Oude, in
Hindooftan, where it takes a se di>
reftion, and joins the Ganges, above
Chuprah, in the province of Bahar.

.1,

I L

■k r

'J: I ) '

it

fJOL

Oohud, a town of Hiiidooftan, capital
of a circar of the liituc name, in the
proviiico t)f A),'ra, 6j m ssE Agra.
Lon. 78 44 L', iat. 16 2V N.

lioito, a town ot' Italy, in Mantuan,
on the liver Mincio, ln'twccn the lalvc
of Mantua and ihut of Garda, 15 m nw
Maiitiu.

Golcontla, a cmititry of thr Dcccan of
IliiKlooflaii, hciwccn th'! low. r parts
of tin; rivt rs Kiftna and Ciodavcry, and
tht; principil part of Dowl.Ualtad. It
tv.-ts fornu-rly called Tcllingana, or
Tilling, and is ftihjeifl to the nizani of
tlie Dectan. Here are diamond mines,
thi- iiiolV conlidcrabl(; in the world ;
alfi) n)ines of fait, fine iron, plenty of
viiie«, and curious calicos and chinlles.
llydiabid is the capital.

(.loUondu, a Ibrtrcfs of llindooflan, in
the country of the fame name, 6 m
w NW Hydrabad, and joined to that city
by a wall of communication. It occu-
pies the liimmit ot a conical hill, and
is deemed impregnable. When Aurung-
zebe conquered the kingdom of Gol-
conda, in 1687, this fortrcfs was taken
poflTeflion of by treachery.

Gold (.'oajU a maritime country of
Guinea, where the Europeans have (e-
veral forts and fettlements. It is aliout
4ZO m from w to k, between the rivers
Ancobar and Volta ; and includes feve-
ral diftridls, in which arc two or three
towns or villages on the fealhore.
Seven of the diftridts are dignified with
the title of kingdoms, though they con-
tain but a fmall extent of land along the
coaft. The natives are generally very
rich, as they carry on a great trade with
the Europeans for gold ; and many of
them are employed in fifhing, and culti-
vating rice, which grows in incredible
quantities. This they exchange with
others for maize, yams, potatoes, and
palm oil. Mod of the inhabitants go
naked ; and thofe who are beft clothed
have only 'bme yards of ftufF wrapped
about their middle.

Goldbergs a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Lignitz, with manu-
fadures of woollen and linen ; feated
at the foot of a mountain, on the river
Katzbach, 11 m sw Lignitz.

Golden Ijland, a fmall ifland at the

' entrance of the gulf of Darien, where

the Scots attempted to make a fettle-

mentin 1698. Lon. 77 10 w, Iat. 90 w.

Goldin^n, a town of the duchy of
Courland, with a caftle, formerly the
refidence of the dukes. It is feated on
the Windau, 56 m wnw Mittau. Lon.
22 21 E, Iat. 56 48 N.

Goldjhorough, a town of the diftrift

(JON

of Maine, in Hancock county, on an
iidit of the fea, 47 m e Caftine. Lon.
68 10 w, Iat. 44 18 N.

Golettti, a fortrei's of Tunis, on a
narrow channel between the lake ot
Tuiiis and the ft-a. In 15,^6, it was
taken by Charhrs v when he atttinptccl
the fuge of Tunis, and kept by the
Spaniards till 1574, when ii was taken
from them by beinu 11. It it 35 m n
Tunis.

Go/lins^j a town of Germany, in the
duchy of Sal/burg, 14 m "-sk Salzburg.

Goliio^.v, A town of Hither Pomcra-
nia, ftatcd on the Una, 11 m Nt Stettin.

Colo, a new department of Franic,
including the n part of Corfica. It \n%
its name from a river, which rile* near
the centre of the idand, and runs into
the fea, la m to the s of Baltia, the
chief town.

Golp/jhigtoth '1 town of the ftatc of
Geor^'ia, chief of Wafhington county.
It is htuatc near the head of the Ogee-
chee, 37 m wsw Augufta, and 50 nnw
Louifviile.

Golub, a town of W Pruflia, in the
diftrid of Culm, on the river Dribenz,
13 m NE Thorn.

Gomhron, or Gamboroon, a feaport of
Perfia, in Lariftan, called by the natives
Bender Abaffi. The beft houfes are
built of brick, flat at the top, with a
fqnare turret ; but the common people
have huts, made with the boughs of
palm-trees, and covered with leaves.
It was formerly much frequented by
people of feveral nations. The adjacent
foil is barren, but provifions brought
from other countries are plentiful. It
is fortified with double walls, and feated
on a bay of the ftrait of Ormus, 180 m
£ by s Lar. Lon. 56 12 e, Iat. 27 18 n.

Gomera, one of the Canary idands,
between Ferro and TenerifF, »o m long
and 10 broad. Here is corn fufficient
to fupport the inhabitants, a fugar
work, and great plenty of wine and
fruit. It has a town of the fame name,
with an excellent harbour, where the
Spanifh (hips often takeinrefreflimenls.
Lon. 17 8 w, Iat. 28 6 N.

Gommern, a town of Upper Saxony,
with a caftle, fituate rear the Elbe, 8
m s E Magdeburg.

Corns, a town of Swiflerland, in
Valais, 33 m E Sion.

Gonaivesy a feaport of St. Domingo,
with an excellent harbour. Here is a
medicinal fpring, with baths and accom-
modations for vifitors. It is fituate at
the head of a bay of its name, 30 m se
St. Nicholas. Lon. 72 4« ^* l^*'
19 27 N.

iboroon, a feaportof
;alled by the natives
le bell lioufes are
at the top, with a
he common people
riih the bougli8 of
ivered with leaves,
uch frequented by
ions. The adjacent
provifions brought
!8 are plentiful. It
)le wallH, and ft-ated
it of Ormus, i8om
6 12 E, lat. a; i8 n.
the Canary iflands,
TenerifF, »o m long
re is corn fufficient
habitants, a fugar
»lenty of wine and
n of the fame name,
larbour, where the
takeinrefreflimenls.
t8 6 N.

n of Upper Saxony,
:e rear the Elbe, 8

of Swifferland, in

0 O 0

(ionavft :^n ifluiil in the W Indifs,
34 m loni: and 3 bro.-ul, Ijin^; bit ween
the ♦wDptiiinluUs ot St Ddiiiii (5 t. At
its 81. coriici , rt[)ir:iUAl tiy a cii.iinii'i ^
m wide, is Liitli; Giiiavc, ^in ilktalxjui
2 n\ c icii way. 'ilii* k cihI oI Cioiuivu
lb 40 ni \v.\w Poit au I'riuco I^oii. 71
40 w, lat. iH 44 s.

(jottdat , the nutropolis ofAbyflinia,
ntii.iti on a hill of coniiderable height.
Tlif p.ilacf eif the ni'pn/, or l.iiiK. ia at
the W' end, flat kid with lijiiare towers.
Tlie hoiiL's arccluclly of I lay , the ruol's
tliatchcil in the foi tn «>f cones. Thi,*
inhabit. iKts aie tllimated at 40,000.
Tiny h.ive no fliops ; but can y on tluir
trad<-' ill a lai^^j i(|iiari', vnIich; they
fxpofc their merehandiie upon mats.
Gi>kl and rock filt are ihi.' oti'.y mom-y
ufcd : each Inr of fait Is a foot in
length, and ihiy brcik oiV as much as
they .fgP'- for in tin puichafc of fmall
warts. ThiMu are about j o churches,
and the patriarch rli pciuls on that of
Alexandria. It is iKo m st Soiinar.
Lon. 37 33 K, lat. 1 1 ^4 n.

('onJe-gamn, or Goridlacomma, a river
of lliiidoolt all, which rifts lu-ir Com-
bani, forms the n <miiial bouiulary of
the t'arnaiic on the n, and enters the
bay of Bengal, at Moi'tapilly.

Goudftcourt, a town of France, in the
department <^f Meufe, feaied on the
Orney, 20 in s St. Michnel.

OondrevUlf, a town of Fi ancci in the
department of Meurte, with a caflle,
and a magnificent hofpital ; ("rated on a
hill, by the river M'jfelle, 8 111 w Nancy,

GoneJJet a town of Fr.uice, in the de-
partment of Seine and Oife, foaled on
the Crould, lo m ne Paris.

Goufuoda ; fee Cunfuda-

Conga, a town of European Turkey,
in Romania, near the fea of Marmora,
37 m NE Gallipoli. Lon. 37 31 e, lat.
40 5,i N.

Gonja/i, a kingdom of Africa, be-
tween the coall of Guinea on the s, and
Tornbudoo on the n. Gonjah, the ca-
pital, is 870 m w by s Cuflina. Lon.
6 10 w, Ut. 13 20 N.

Gonieht a town of Afiatic Turkey,
capital of Guriel, with a caftlc. Jt is
furroundcd by a wall, in which are two
gates, and was formerly of fome dif-
tindtion, but is now a poor place, chiefly
inhabiied by feamen. It is fituate on
the right bank of a river, which flows
into the Black fea, 90 m ene Trcbifond.
Lon. 41 li; E, lat. 41 25 N.

Good Hope, Gape of , the sw extremity
of Africa, difcovcred by the Portuguefe
in 14^9, and made a Dutch fettlemcnt
in 1660. Here is a nedt town called

G 0 O

C ipc-town, rifitig in the niidd of .1 dr-
iirrt, furroundcd by black and dreary
mountains. To the .sk of the town arc
foine vinty.irds, wliicli yield the famous
wine called Coiiftamia. The Itoro-
houfci of the Di»;ch V. India Company
are titiia'e next the water, and the pri-
vate bnialiiigs lie beyomi tlum, on a
getitleafceiit toward the mountains. The
Caltlc, or principal fort, which com-
muids the road, is on ihe K fiJc; and
Ainlterdam Fort is on the w fide. The
Itrteis are broad and vej;ular; and thw
honfes, in general, are built of ilone, and
whitewalhed. Mere are two chnrches ;
one for the C'alvinills, the eflabiilhed
religion, the other for the Lutherans.
The Haves are lod;^ed and boarded in a
fpicious houle, where they are likcwife
kept at work : thefe Haves, a few Hot-
tentots excepted, were all originally
brought from the E Indies, rtiid princi-
pally from Malacca. Another great
building lerves as sai hofpital for the
lailors tx'longing to the Dutch £ India
(hips which touch here : it i.i liluate
clofe to ths Company's ^'ardcns, . to
Which thi, convalefcenls have free ac-
ccfs. The inhabitants, though (lout
and athletic, have not all that phlegm
about them which is the charaiteriftic
of the Dutch in general. The ladies are
lively, goodnaturcd, familiar, and gay.
The heavy draught-work hero is chiefly
performed by oxen, which are brought
to an uncommon degree of docility and
ufefulnels. The inliabitanis, in go-
ner:.!, travel in a kind of covered wa-
gons, drawn by oxen, which better I'uit
the roughnefb of the country than niore
elegant vehicles ; but fome of the prin-
cipal r opic keep coaches, which are
drawn by horfes. The mountains be-
hind Cape-town arc, the Table Moun-
tain, the Sugar-loaf, the Lions Head,
Charles Mount, and James Mount, or
the Lions Rump. From thefe moun-
tains defcend feveral rivulets which flow
into the different bays, as Table Bay,
Falfe Bay, &c. Among thcle mountains,
along the valleys and rivulets, are a great
number of plantations. This fine Dutch
fcttlement (with its extenfivo colony)
lurrendered by capitulation to the Britifh
in 1795, wasreftoredin i8ja by the treaty
of Amiens, and again fnrrendered to the
Britilh in 1806. Cape-town (lands on
the w fide of Table bay. Lon. iK 23 e,
lat. 33 56 3. See Hottentots, Country

Goomty, a river of Hindoodan, which
rifes in the Rohilla country, flows sb
by Lucknovv and J linpour, and enters
the GaiigeS) a little below Benares.

I ii'

j.f-iy

„ ■' ii'!

M il

I h 'i'Ij

m f

I. « '

'I' . .t

I' * V
'l

i-A:

CJOK

GiMraffour^ a town of HindooBarii
!n the country of Oudct 6j ni k Fyza-
bad- Lon. 8^ 35 n, Ut. ?A 4; m.

Gvoty, a town and fortrelii nf Hin-
dooftati, capital of a didriA of the fame
name, on the n fide of the Peniiar, for*
merly lubjcft to the regptit of Myibre,
but ceded to the niz.im of the Deccan
in i7q6- It i« 46 m ssw Caiioiii. Lou.
77 48 E, lat. 15 15 N.

Oo(>f>iHffen. a town of Sual)ia. in tlie
duchy of Wirtemburj;, with a c.iftic, a
woollen manufacture, and a celebrated
medicinal fpring ; featcd on the rivulet
Vils, 2j m SE Stutgard.

(ioragot, a town of liindooAan, in
Bengal) 94 m nb Moorniedak)au. Lon.
89 21 K, iat. 35 14 N.

Cioreum, or Gor'tchem, a town of S
Holland, with a conliderable trade in
corn, cheefe, and butter ; feated i»n the
Linghc, at its junction with the Wahal,
12 m E Dort, and 3K s Amderdam.

Gore f/lanJ, an idand in tiie Pacific
ocean, fo named by Cook, who dif-
covered it in 1778. It is 30 m long,
and appeared to bo barren and uninhabit-
ed. Tlie SE extremity is named Cipe
Upright. Lon. 172 50 w, lat. 60 ^^o n.

Goree, a fmall ifland of Africa, near
Cape Verd, of great import.mce on ac-
count of its gO(;d trade, and defended
by two forto. The French iurrendercd
it to the Britifli in i8co; it was retaken
in 1804, by the French, but they were
foon compelled to furrender it again.
Lon. 17 25 w, lat. 14 40 n.

Goree, a town of Holland, capital nf
an ifland of the lame name, at the
fouthern mouth of the Made. It is 1 3
m bswCriel. Lon. 4 ^o e, lat. 51 44 n.

Gorey, in Ireland ; 'fee Nenviorough.

Corgona, a fmall ifland of Italy, 16
ra from the coaft of Tufcany, near
which large quantities of anchovies arc
taken. Lon. 10 o k, iat. 43 aa n.

Gorgona, an ifland in the Pacific
ocean, 18 m from tbe coaft of Popayan.
It is high land) very woody, and about
lomincircuit. Lon. 77 50 w,lat. 3 6 n,

Gcriiz, or Goritia, a town of Ger-
' many, in Carniola, capital of a county
of its name, with a caftlc. Here are
confideraWc manufaftures of leather,
and the environs produce wine, fruit,
corn, and (ilk. In 1797, it was taken
by the French. It (lands oa the Lifonzo,
on the frontiers^: of Friuti^ ra m ne
Falma, and 40 yi Laubach. Lon. 13 38
i, lat. 46 5 N.

Goritaifii town of Brattdenbnr£, in
tllfrfNew mark, oa the rifer Odie^, 8 m
s.CMftrih. .i

Cork»hj a country of Ada, to the w

r, OS

of Nspant, and n of Oude. The ei*'
pital is of the fame name, on the river
Diirrunidee, 35 m wnw C'atmnndn,
and i6j kb Fyzabad. Lon. 84 j6 e,
lat. aH 25 N.

Gorlitz, a (Iron;? town of Hppr ..ii.
fatia, witii a celcbr.itfd .ic.idemy. The
inhabitants are above 12,000, and c.irry
on a confulerabte trade in linen and
woollen cloth. It is leated on the Neil-
la, 5H m E by Jr Drefden. Laii. 15 1 1 e,
ht. 51 9 N.

Gorontano, or Gorontelli), a town of
Celebes, and .1 Dutch ftttkment, in the
bay of Tommine, on the nf. part of the
ifland. It has a fort, and three bitteries
at tlie entr.r oe of the harbour. Thin
fcttlement w.is vefted by the Dutch in
the hands of the fultan and hi.-* two Ions,
who fiirrcndercd it to the Engiilh in
lUio.

Gort, a town of Ireland, in tlie county
of Galway, lo m ssl; Galway, and 36
wsw Cloniert.

Corze, a town of Fr.ince, in the de.
pnrtment of Molclle, feated on a hill, S
m sw Mttz.

Gorzic, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Magdeburg, 24 m e by
N Magdeburg.

Gofcluitz, a town of Silefia, with a
caftlc, 14 m N Ocls.

Gojhen, a town of New York, chief of
Oiangc county. It has a ciunch, court-
houfe, and aciidemy, and is 56 m N
New York.

Gojhm, a town of Connedicut, in
Lichfield county, lamous. ft)r excellent
chtefe, 7 m NNw Lichfield.

Gojlar, a city of Lower Saxony, in
the territory of BrunlVvick. It derives
its principal fubfilUnce from the neigh-
bourinj; iron mines, manufactures of
brafs and copper, and brewing. Here
the art of making gunpowder is faid to
have been difcovered by a monk. It is
fcate<l on the riVer Gofe, at the foot of a
mountain, called Rammelberg, 28 m s
Brunfwick. Lon. fo 31 fi, lat. 51 57 n.

Gojport, a fortified town in Hamp-
fliire. on the w fide of the harbour of
Portfmoutb, over which is a ferry. It
has a market on Saturday, and a con-
fiderable trade, efpecially in times of
war, from its contiguity to the naval
arfenal at Portfmouth. The number of
inhabitants wan 11,395 in 1801, and
ia,2i2 in 181 1. Here are feveral brew-
eries, an extenfive iron foundery, and a
royal hofpital, called Haflur Hofpital,
for the fick and wounded of the royal
navy. It is i j m St Southampton, and
75 sw London.

Gofwiinjlti/it or Gqfmn/^eiit, a town

f Silefia, with a

f ; o T

of Franconln, in the principalitT ofBam-
bcrL',i>n the Futlnch, lom tinf. Uamberij.
Gojlyntn, i)r C/7jhiviH, 4 town uf I*o-
land, ill the palaliiiato tif Mav.i, with a
caflic on a rock, 36 m Ne Kava. Luii.
•o 40 t , l.it. ji 54 "•

Cotha, a tovn of Uppr r Saxony, ca-
pital ot' a (liichy of the (.ime namr, it)
Thuiinpia. Ii is the relidcnce of the
tiitkc uf ^axK-Gotha, whufe pal.ice coit*
tiling a fine library and a rich cabinet
of coinR. Near it it the dtical ohfcrva*
tory of Sccberge, the moft beautiful and
ufeful ill Ocrinany. Gotha has a found*
cry for cannon, a porcelain manufac-
ttire, and a CDnfidfrabK; trade in wool-
lens, wood, and beer. It is feated on
tile Li-ine, 16 m w by s Erfurt. Loii.
10 48 »:,lat. r^u e^\ N.

Gotha. a iivtr of Sweden, which if-
fiics from the sw rxtremity of the lake
WeniKT, flown by Tro!h;itta (where it
forms a catarail) to lUhus, and there
tlividct into two branches that enter
tlie N part of the Caitgat, the principal
one at Gotheburg

Gotlmrd, AV. a Ci'lcbratcd n-onntain of
S»viflerland, in th(! canton of Uri. It is
907 ? feet above the li-a, and ii in tot lie
i of Altorf. Though not the highcft
inoijiitain, it is dt'i'mcd the principal
fummii of the Helvetian Alps, for in its
vicinity rife the rivers Tefino, Aar,
Utnfs, and Rhine, which tlow hence in
different dirttJlions.

(iotheburgt or Gothenborg, » city of
Sweden, capital of W Gothland, and a
bifhop'b fee. It {lands at the mouth of
the Gotha, which forms the bed har-
bour for foreign trade of any in the
kingdom, as it lies on theCategat. Here
is a confidcrable herring fifheiy ; and a
freat trade in fait, iron, and fir-planks;
and from this port the Swcdifh £ India
Company's (hips take their departure.
Tiie inhabitants arecomputed at 25 ,000.
The environs prefent a uniform fcene
of barren rocks, on the fides of which
part of the fuburbs are built ; and in
the city are feveral canals with rows of
trees along their margin. In 1802 nearly
a fv)urth part of the city was confumed
by a fire. It is 180 m sw Orcbro. Lon»

>'59

e:, lat.

57 '.a N.

Gothlandt one of the five general di •
vifions of Sweden ; bounded on the n
by Sweden Proper, e and s by the Bal-
tic, and w by the Sound) the German
ocean, and Norway. This country is
inhabited by a nation, celebrated for
their excurfions and invafions of other
conntriest which had its origin from the
Gctas, or Tartars of Crimea. The
Hoiks bad kings of their own till 1 1 j a,

ftnarf^ftn, a town

Goir

when thr|f were united to Sweden, ft
include* nine prnvmces and the ifles of
GothUiid and (Eland.

Gothland, an illancVof Sweden, in the
Ualtiv, 70 in front n to s, <ind i^ in ita
l^rcatitft breadth. From its form »\A
lituatiuD it lias obtained the name of th«
Eye of the liallic. The foil is fertile,
and remarkable for an excellent breed
of ftieup. Here are fine woods of oak
and piptfi <]uarries of excellent (lone,
and very good limefione. VVifby is the
capital.

Gothland, I'eijf, a province of Swcdeny
in the divifioo of Gotitland, between
the Baltic 011 llie r, and Lake Wetter on
the w, Uo m long and 70 broad. The
foil produces abuiid.ince of all lorts of
grain. It has line orchards, pafturcb,
lakes, and rivers, foreds of oak and
biich, and quarries of alum, ftone, and
maible. The chief town isNordkoping.

Gothland, H'eji, a province of Sweden,
in the divjfion of Gc»thland, between the
lakes Wetter and Wcnncr, i.^o m long
and from i$ to 70 broad. The foil and
produce are iimiiar to E Gothland. The
chief town is Golhcburg.

Gottf/lurg, a town of Silefia, where
great i|iiaiilititB of worllcdflockingsare
knit, 16 m sw Schwcidnitz.

Goiioi^en, a city of Lower Saxony,
ill the duchy of lirunfwick. Here
Gcori,'e 1 1 of Great Britain founded a
uniyerfity, whith has acquin d a very
diftiiiguidied reputation ; and it con-
tains one of the moft capital libraries in
Europe. There are alio many other
literary inftitutions, and a commandery
of the Teutonic order. The woollen
nianufadlurcs are the principal fupport
of the inhabitants. It is fiaied on the
Leinc, 58 m s Hanover. Lon. 9 53 e,
lat. u 32 N.

Goitirigtut New^ a town of the flate
of Georgia, in Burke county, on the \f
bank of the Savanna, 18 m e Waynci-
borough.

Gettleube, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, on a river of the fani(;,nanie,
18 m ssE Drefden.

Gottorty a town of Denmark, in the
duchy or Slefwick, with an old palace,
formerly the ducal refidence. It is ieat-
ed at the extr«nnily of an arm of the
fca, called the Sley, t m wsw Slefwidk,
to which it is joined by a tiiw of trees. •

Gottfrheey ditown of Germany, in Car*
niola, withacaftle, 17 m NNE Fiume.

Govent a town of Scotland, in T^p«
frewfliire, near the river Clyde, 5 ra w'
Glalgow, and 6 k by s Renfrew.

Cauda, or Terif4Ki/i a ^ftrOfig t6wt
of S Holland, celebrated for iti no^

4^

i

•1;

I •:

'i II

:'■• 4

(J n A

cliuicl), ami piinfi'tl pl.ifs uliulow*,
fiippcftil to l»i' ilif fit j'fl in Fiiiopr.
Cluat (|i. inliiits (if y.irii a'ul tow arc
nl ul<* hill', .iH'i) jr Hitl rluifi' aii<l t'l-
bnrco pi'v •!. If is fVntcil on tht Y(TI 1,
at tttf influx i)f tilt CfDw, lo m nk Kot-
tent I m.

(i'</Tcr/;o/o, a town "f It ily, ill Mnn-
tnnn, fcatcci on the Miiiciu, i,i in av.
M intii.1.

Hoiir.i. or Cttrn, a towTi of Pdl.ind.
Ill thi' p.il itina'<' of M.tluvia, on the Vi('
tula, 14 ni SK W.iifiw.

i'oiiroirtrotirtt a town of Francr, in
the dtp iitmcniot Mciifc, 15 m N r. Ver-
dun

(toui(li)iu a town of Fr.incr, in the
dt'puttmrit of I,ot, ; ^ m N Cahors.

('onrtini/- a town ot I'r.tncc, in tlic de-
pnrtiiHit (if J-owcr Seine, fcated on the
I'.l.tt*, 2 ni I- Hi>in.';i.

(ioiirock, a town of Scotland, in Rcn-
fitwlhiie, on a hiy of the frith of Clyde,
a m w Ori'i nock.

('•rnivnni, a lioro'.i^ih of Tnlanr?, in
the ciuiniy ot Kilkenny, 9 in E ly s Kil-
kenny.

do i, or Go':fj, an ifland in the Me-
dit< rraiu.;m, the ancient Clnuda. iindrr
which St. I'aiil failed on iiis voy.igf to
Uome. It is z.\ m tVoni the ^w coaft
tif Candia, and vellVIa often put in here
for w;iter and proviiions. Lon. aj 46
E, lat. 34 50 V.

(•ozo, a fDrtifuil iOand of the Mi di-
terraiKMn, 5 ni to the nw of M dta, and
belonging to the knights of that iilmd.
It is 8 m long <Tr.d 4 broad, and more
cqinlly fcitiifthan Malta.

Cruhoiv, a lown of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of IMccKlenbuig, with a
caftle, fcattd on the lllda, 24 m s by e
Srhwevln.

i'l'-aciasa Dioj, a town of New Spain,
in tl'c proviiK<* cf Hondiirns, 100 m
\v by s Valhuiolid. Lon. «9 40 w, lit.

14. 30 N.

(■•niciojh, onn of the Azores, 10 m
long and 8 biorid,fi'rtik'in wheat, wine,
butter, and cheele. The principal place
is Plata. Lon. 27 ,r3 w, lat. 39 2 n.

CJnidrjca, n foiiiticd town of Sclavo-
nia, on the frontiers of Croatia, feated
on the Save, 20 m sw Pofega. Lon. 18
39 t, lat. 45 ai N.

Orndij'ca, a lirong town of Friuli, on
the confines of Carinthia, capital of a
county united with Goritz, and a bi-
fhop's ffc. It is leated on ihe Lifonzo,
6 m sw Goritz. Lon 13 32 v., lat 46 2 n,

i-'rado, a town of Italy, in a fmall
idand of the fame n.tnne, on the coaft of
Fiiuli, jii m E by N Venice. Lon. 13
10 E, Lit. 45 46 N.

(ill A

'"^irnftoH, a town of New Il.impfliirf,
ill the county of ltd name, 16 in hv,
II. mover.

(•rnin Coo/I, n Country of Giiinta,
cxt' ititing along the .\tl.intic ali >nt 300
m betwri'ii the Sierra Leone country on
the w .111(1 the Ivory coall on the P.
The piculudtionu are peas, lieann,
gi'Urdu, lemons, oranges, d.ites, and
p.ilin wine ; but the chief article is the
aluiiidance of Gtiine.i pepper, or grains
ol p.iradifc, which draws a gre.nt in-
teiior and i xport tr.ide. Cows, hogs,
flitep, and g'lais are numerous. The
Piirtii^riiefe had formerly the whole
comtneice of this coaft, but it has long
been chi( dy in the hands of the lingliilt
and Dutch.

(>raltiifi/, or (iretnn ('rrfti, a village
of ^'cotliinl, in Dutnfrieslhire, near tlii,
head of ilie J'olway frith, and the bor-
ders of Cumberland, 9 m nnw Carlille.
It was loHf; famous for the ••efoit of
fugitive minors from England to get
married ; Init this improper practice is
now aholdhtd.

Cimitz, .ir Greits., a town of Upper
Saxony, in Voigtland, with acallle on a
rocky ni;iinitaiii, and another in the
town. It has manuf n^ures of ftuff, and
is (itii.ite on the Elller, l.etwem moun-
tains and woods, 10 ni n Plauen.

Gr.imnt, a t<iwn of France, in the
department of Lot, 22 m nne Cahors.

(Jramnioiit, a town of Flanders, feat-
ed on both tides of the Dender, 18 m
Nr Tournay.

Gravipinn Hills, a chain of hills in
Scotlmd, which extends, in a NKt'irec-
tion, from the se border of Argylefli ire,
through the counties of Dumbartun,
Perth, Fo; far, and Kincardine, to Aber-
dceri ; and thcnco, in a nw direction,
through the counties of Aberdten,
Banff", and Elgin, to the b -rders of in-
verncfs The Grampians vary in height
from 1400 to 3500 feet, but Benlomond
and fevcral others are elevated ftiil
higher. Tliey tnke their name from a
lingle hill, the Mons Grampiusof 'laci-
tus, where Galgacus waited the ap-
proach of Agricola, and where the bat-
tle was fought io fatal to the brave Ca-
ledonians.

Crampmindt a borough in Cornwall,
governtd by a mayor, with a market
on Saturday, and a manufa(5lurc of
gloves; feated on the Fal, 40 m sw
Launcefton, and 244 w by s London.

Gran, a town of Lower Hungary,
and an archbifhop's fee ; leated near the
conflux of the Gran with the Danube,
50 m ese Prt£burg. Lon. 18 16 b, lat.
47 46 N-

vv llimpniirc,
uc, 1 6 in »»'.

y of flllilK.l,

[itic all 'lit ^no
iiu* coiitilry on
)all "i> »'^<-' f.
pra8, bcanfl,
•s, (lilted, iiiul
■f article i-* iHc
pprr, or grains
va a Hicat in-

imirons. The

rly tin- whole

but it hns !""«

s ot the lingliih

Crrfn, n vlHapc
L'slhirc, near tlu;
th, and the bor-
n\ NNW Carlille.
,)r the "tlbrt of
F.nglinil to CS^
oper practice is

town of Upper
with acullle on a
1 another iu the
lures of ft\iff, and
, bet worn moim-
I N Vlaiien.
f France, in the
|i m N N E Cahors.
of Flanilers, feat-

e Dender, 18 m

chain of hills in
ids, in a NEc'irec
kr of Argylefliire,
) of Dumbarti'H,
icardlne, to Aber-
a NW diredtion,
of Aberdeen,
U' b'^rdersoi in-
ans vary in height
•t,but Bonlumond
,re flevated ftiil
heir name from a
Srampinsof 'I'aci-
3 waited the ap-
^nd where the bat-
\ to the brave Ca-

ough in Cornwall,
r, with a market
a manufadlurc of
jie Fal, 40 m sw
fw by s London.

Lower Hungary,
pe ; leated near the
[with the Danube,

Lon. 18 i6B,la^«

;8

(iRA
(>ra», « fo.ipoit of Arahij, in the pr.>-
viiice t)f Bihriii, it the NW ciul ct the
Killf of Pi-rli I, irul on the burders of
Irak Arab), 40 m I Dalloru. Lon. 47 45
1:, la». :.<! •/) N.

Cmna.ia, a province (formerly a
kingdom) oF Sp.iin, fjmetiines cailod
Upper And.ihilij. It is i^j; tn long and
7'; bi(»id ( b()',i'id''d on the w and N 1)/
Andaluti I, b by Murcia and the Me-
ditcrrinean, and » by tlie fame lea.
Though a moniitainou* country, tin-
toil ii< good ; but it has not been w<-ll
cultivated finee the Moors were expell-
ed in i4<)i. However, it pri>diiee3t«)rn,
wine, oil, fuK-ir, Max, h*-inp. excellent
fruit, ho'iey, wax, and mulberry-trees,
which feed a threat n>'iil)er of lilk-
worme. The forcfts produce gall-nuts,
palm trees, and oaks.

Oranaiiiit a city of Spain, capital of
the province of Granail 1, and an arch-
bilhop's fee. It ia divided into four
parts, and was formerly one of the
finrft cities in the world. In one part
is the cathedral, containing the tombs
of Ferdinand and Ifabella, who took this
place from the Moors in 1491. In an-
other is a palace built by Charles v, and
an ancient palace of the Mooriih king;*,
called the Alhambra, which contains lb
many rooms that it is like a labyrinth.
In the third is the univeriity ; the
fourth has nothing conliderable ; but all
the public buildings arc magnificent ;
and the cathedral and convents contain
excellent pi«fture8 by Spanifli mafters.
The walls and gates, and the aqueduvSts,
are moftly deftroyed ; and its trade is
feebly carried on, without encourage-
ment or protedion. The inhabitants
are not more than 80,000, and half of
them are lawyers, ecclefiaftics, and
mendicants. It is leated on both fides
of the Darro, at its conflux with the
Xenil, 70 m st. Cordova. Lon. 3 38 vv,
lat. 37 8 N.

Granatta, an ifland of the W Indies,
the laft of the Windward Caribees, and
30 leagues nw of Tobago. It is 20 m
long and 13 broad, finely wooded, and
the foil fuited to produce fugar, to-
bacco, and indigo. It was taken from
the French in 1762, confirmed to the
Engliih in- 1763, taken by the French in
1779, '*nd reftored to the Engliih in
1783. In 1795, the French landed fome
troops, and caulcd an infurreftion,
which was not quelled till 1796. St.
George is the capital.

Granada, a city of New Spain, in the
province of Nicaragua. It was taken
twice by the French buccaneers, and

(iRA

pilKig.'d. Tl!« inhabitant* carry on ;i
^I'.a tr.id'- by inruis <>f the lake Nici-
i.iitni, oil Mliieli it in iVated, 6a ni 9b
L'-on I.on. »6 <6 w, lat. u 5 w.

(ha''/h/ii, Af;y, .1 1 cx^iilive country
ill S Atiu-rci, dcnomiii lied by the Sp;i.
Ill u lb till' ne V kin rdom of (iruiidi.
1 1 in bou'ult.'d on the •< by V<-n\, vv !<y tlie
I'.icitie ocean, n by Terra Firm 1, ami k
by a country tli«t lire chi'i alonp: this
binks of tlie Oronokn, and ii little*
known. New G'.iiiidi w la C(<n(|ii;re(l
by the Spmlards in 1516 Ii ib li) far
iltvatcd ;ib(>v»'thc lcvi-1 ot the Hm, that,
though it a'lproach's alinofl to the
cqo.itor, tin- climate is rein.nl.ahly tem-
perate The fertility of tlie .vil! ya ii
not inferior to that of the richell dil-
triiJt^ ill America ; and the higher
grounds yield gold and preciom llonc*
of virions kinds. The towiM ari! pipu-
lousaiid llourilliing; and the capital is
St. Fe.

Gran.i(lillas,orCranadi>tts, .T clniii of
iflands iu the \V Indies, depcii'K'Ut ou
Granada, and exteinline n fiom that
ifland to St. Vincent. 'Ihcy an? 2} in
number, inofl: of tin;m fertile, and cipa«
ble of producing cotton, cofice, indigo,
and fugar. The moft conflderablc is
Cariiiacou.

Granard, a borough of Irelmd, in
the county of Longford, 16 m khe
Longford.

Grnnby, a Irnall town of S Carolina,
fcated on the Congaree, on the contrary
lide to Columbia, about a mile below
that city. It is noted for a curioui
biidgf, vvhofe centre arch is 100 feet
wide, to give palTige for large trees that
are brought down by the fl.'ods.

(jrandcourt, a town of Swilllrland,
in the canton of Bern, near the lake of
Neuchatel, 7 m nw Fribiirg.

GrandmoHty a town c>f France, in the
department of Upper Vitnne. Near it
was a celebrated abbey, liipprefled in
1769, after the death of the then pro-
feiled members. It is 15 m nns Li-
moges.

Grandpre, a towii of France, in the
department of Ardennes, leated on the
Ayre, 32 m e Rhcims.

Grange, di. town of Sweden, in Dale-
carlia, lurrounded by great and curious
mines, 40 m sw Fahlun.

Grangemouth, a town of Scotland, in
Stirlinglhij-e, at the angle formed by the
jun«5tion of the Great canal with the
river Carron. Upward of 40,000 tons
are annually entered here, belonging
either to the foreign or coailing trade.
It is 4 m N£ Falkirk, and 10 si<. Stirling.

™

111

GRA

(iranfff, >\ town nf Unnilciihiirg, Id
thf IVIicltlU nnrk, 30 m nnw Utrliri.

iiranjon, a town ui Swiircrl.iiul, in
P.iyrt ilf V.iiwl, r.ipit;il of .1 l>.»ilivvic of
the i.imi.' n.imc, with .iciHIc. It lUritii
on the lake ut Ncticluttrl, 16 m wsw
NeucJiali I.

(hii'iit'iiiM, A l)ort>iigli in Lincoln'-
fliirc, witli 4 n\ ii'kct on 8.'ituiil.iy. The
cluiivli II .tn I'legiini llriu'hirc, with a
very lofty I'pin.'. A coiaI pallci licncc
to the Irmt, .it Notiin^'ham. ()r.iM-
ilum is IcMtt'd on tin; VV'ith.ini, :o m »
hy w Lincoln, and 1 10 k by w London.

Loll. O .-(ft W, l.lt. .^ J 5g N.

(trnnlon, a town ut Scotianil, in El*
ginlhirc. neatly built and with l1ouri(h«
ing minufi^hin-.i. A little to the nk is
CixMit (irjiit, thi; fU'sant fi'at of the
r.irl of SiMfifld. It ii leatcd on the left
bank of the Spcy, over which is a
bridge. j8 m ssti Forrct, And aa ssvr

(■•ranvillf, u town nf FrancCi in the
<1»"partment of Manche, ft-ated on the
Lnglilh channel, partly on a rock, and
partly on a plain, 15 m s by w Cou-
tanccs.

GraflitXt a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Saaz, famous for its manufac-
tures of brafi, ij m NW Elhogen-

Grafmerewater, a (mall lake of
Wc-n (norland, to the w of Amblefide.
Its mar).fin is hollowed into fmall buys*
with bohl tminenres ; Ibme of rock,
fome of turf, th.n halt conceal and vary
the ti|;urt* of the lake. A low promon-
tory pmjf(f>6 far into the water ; and on
it ftands a while village.

Grafofi. an illandin the gulf of Both-
nia, near the coall of Sweden, 15 m
long and x bruad. Lon. 18 so E, lat. 60

J 2 N.

Grajfe, .1 town of France, in the de-
partment of Var, and lately a bilhop's
r>.-e. It has a trade in dry fruit, oil,
perfumes, and tanned leather, and is
jeated on an tinintrice, 14 m WNW An-
tibes, and zi w by & Nice.

CrtijJ'e, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Audc, on the river Othieu,
at the foot of a mountain, 18 ni SE
CarrHfTuiine.

Gnitz, a fortified town of Germany,
capital of Lower Stiria. and a bilhop's
lee. HiTc are many palaces, a univt-r-
lity, and a fine arfenal. The caille
ftands on a rock, and is a flrui'.g place.
Giatz is i'eated on the w lide uf the
Muer, over which is a bridge to an ex-
teniive fuburb. The inhabitants are
eftimated at 35,ooo< In 17971 >^ ^'^^
taken by the French. It is 83 m ssw
Vienna- Lon. 15 26 e, lat. 4; 4 v.

c n A

CrrtUiltHK, a town of W Pinftli, In
the palutinan' of Culm, with a citail. I,
lifted on the Villula, 1 5 m >• liy e Culm.

f'tuvf, a ftrong tiiwn of Dutch Hr.^.
b.tnt, on the lett bank of tlie Martr,
li'yond which there is a fott. It has
Iwen oflcn takt-n j the lalt time by tlir
Frrnth, in 1794. It is R m sw Nj.
mcjtuen

CravtJtntt, a town of Italy, in M!-
lanefe, on thi* ww tide of the lakf of
Como, »8 m N Como.

Urave/ifitJf •* ftrr»nj{ fcsport of Frame,
in the drpartment of Nord, (rated at
the mouth of the As, defended by Foit
I'hilip, 11 m I Calais- Lou. s 6 k.
lat. 50 .59 w.

Graveiiau, a town uf B.iv.irUt in the
priticipality of Paflau, on the river Sag,
16 m N Palfau.

Crtrvenmackeren \ (ctOrevtnmacheren .

Gravtnwertt a town of Bavaria, in the
upper palatinate, 17 m n Ambers.

GraveJ'andtt a town of 8 lUilland,
where tne ancient counts nf Holland
redded. It is about 4 m from tbe fea,
and 6 w by s Delft.

Graveftnds a town in Kent, with a
market on Wedncfday and Saturday
It ftands on the Thames, and is the
common landing-place for feamen and
ftrangers in their paflage to London (
and here all outward bound veflTels (lop
to be examined by the cuftomhoufe of-
ficers, and to receive their clearance!;.
A great part of it was burnt down, with
the church, in i7ay : the latter was re-
built as one of the 50 new churches.
It is called the corporation of Gravefcnd
and Milton, thefe two places being
united under tht'government of a mayor.
The latter place is a mile e of the othe r«
and has a biockhoufe over ngainft TiU
bury fort. They were incorporated by
queen Elifabeth ; hut, long before,
Kich.ird 11 had granted them the exclu-
five privfletje of conveying paflengers to
London in boats. Gravefeud is famous
for afparagus ; and the chief employ-
ment of the labouring people is the
fpinning of hemp, to make nets and
ropts. It aa m ese London.

Gravina, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Rari, 33 m sw Bari.

Graii/ift, a town of France, in the
department of Tarn, la m nw Cadres.

Grfly, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Saone, with a trade
in iron ; fcated on the Saone, 35 m Nt
Dijon.

Gray, a town of the diftriftof Maine,
in Cumberland county, 15 m n by wt
Portland.

Grat/j T/iurroci, AiovininEfttt, witk

f W riiifTli, In
with 4 citati* l>

m >• liy nCiilm.

\ of Dutch H»A.
of tlir Marir,
,1 fort. It h.ti

|.ill lime by tlir

I R m «'w M-

of Iialyi '" M'-
■ of the lake ol

i-aport of Fraiut',
Nord. lii.ilcd ^t
Jtfendtdby Foit
i. Loii. s 6 K,

if Ditv.irU, in the
on the rivtr Sag,

Orn'tnniaeherfn
lof Bavitria.intlie
I M AmbcTg.
n of 8 Holland,
)Unti nf Holland
4 m from tb«: fej.

In Kent, wUh *
ay and Saturday
amet, and la the
ce for fcamen and
lage to London I
bound vefTcU (lop
e cuftomhoufe of-
' their clearances,
burnt down, with
the latter was re-
50 new churches,
itionof Oravefcnd
two placea being
■nmcntofamayor.
nile E of the other,
; over ngainft 'I'il-
Tv incorporated by
lUt, long before,
ed them the exclu-
eyingpanengcrsto
ravel'eud is famoui
the chief employ-
ing people is ihc
to maUc nets and
London,
f Naples, in Terra

)f France, in the
izmNW Cadres.

'ranee, in the de-
,ione, with a trade

je Saone, as "* ***

,e diftridt of Maine,
ity, 15 m N by vr

towninEflex.witli

GUC

I rh.irkct on Thiiifd.iy, fiAied on the
I'h.iincK, at m t. London.

OrtbtnjhiH, n town of Oi-rmany, In
LowiT Hi'lTe, on the river IlriU.', 10 m

hnW ( ,»(VcI

Ortrtt, the .inci'-nl n;imc of that pirt
of Turkey in Ktiropc which coiti.iint
Macedonia, Mlutiia, Tht-fTily, l.ivmlia,
Mori-a, thr Archipelago, and Cindia.

lirffHt a town of tlii-tlidiidt of Maine,
in FJiuoln county, ntuatf on the An-
droltroijgin, y6 m ."« l*oitl nul

(Jretn, a livtr of Kentucky, which
rili'H in McrccT county, and flowt w and
K into the Ohio, where iti, mouth is aor>
yards wid«'. It iH n.ivitr.ihli' i ^ , m; and
near it arc a number of Tilt fprinys, and
three pmuls of bitumen. V.ift quanti-
ties «»f nitre arc found in the caves on
h« binkg ; and many of tlic Icttlcri
m.ik(! Kunpnwdcr.

lirteneajUf, a town of Pennfylvania,
in rranldin county, 'i i m s by w Ch.im-
berfburg, .ind 1 17 w by h Philadelphia.
Greenfield, a town ttf Mallacliuli'ts,
in II implhirc county, on th<' w bank of
the Connetllicut, 2 3 \\\ nnu Northamp-
ton, .ind 94 WNW UilltOM.

Greenla>iJ,nu cxtenfivc region ftrctch-
injj toward the north pole, which,
whether continental or infiilar, is re-
garded as belonging to N America.
Tins country wasdifcovered in the tenth
century by the Norwegians, who pl.-vnt-
ed a colony on the caftern coafl ; and
the intercourfc between thh colony,
Iceland, and Denmark was continued
till the beginning of the fifteenth cen-
tury. In that century, by the gradual
increafi? of the arctic ice, the colony
became completely imprilbned by the
frozen ocean ; while on the w a range
of muiuitains and plains, covered with
perpetual ice, precluded all accefs. This
iHtlement contained fevcral cluircht-s
and monallcries, and is laid to have ex-
tended about too m in the sv, extremi-
ty. In more lecent times the wcftern
coaft W.18 chielly explored by Davis,
and other Englifh navigators ; but there
was no attempt to fettle .1 colony. In
172 1, a Norwegian clerjiyman, named
F.;.;ede, proceeded to this dreary coun-
try, where he continued till 1735,
preaching to the natives ; and his bene-
volent example has been fince follovvcJ
by leveral niiflionarles. The country
is faid to be inhabited as far as 76 n lat.
but the Danifli and Moravian fettlcmcnts
are chiefly in the sw extremity. The
Ihort fummer is very warm, but foggy ;
and the northern lights divcrfify the
■gloom of winter, which is very feverc.
From them we learn, that the nw coaft

C H K

of OrefnIan<l I1 (rp,«t,if«cl from Amerlra
by anirruw Arait . ih.)t thenativciofthc
two countries have fomc intcrrourfei
anci th^t the F.f()uimAux of Amcrici per*
fetftlyrclemble the (Jrcenhuulcr* in th> ir
nfpcdl, ilrrft, mode of living, and Ian-
>rii.ige. The <|M.-idrupr(U are «lecr, bears,
foxes, harm, and liime dog* rrfirntbling
wolves Cape I'arewtll, the sw point,
ir in Ion. 41 41 u , lat. 59 ,^8 n.

ilrrffitnw, a town of Scotland, ci-
pita! of Mcrwirklhire, t uiugh a fmaU
plare. TJie nimiher tif inhat)'tant« was
1770 ill liioi, and I 260 in iHi 1. Ilert
are the rrmaiiu of two rclinioin houfei.
It is fc.ittil on the Ill.u-kadder, tt m
8W Dunfe. and \(t m< Edinbnrg.

Greenock, a fe.»port of Scotland, in
Renfrrwthirc, at the mouth of the
Clyde, with a fniall lort for the defence
of the harbour Here arc (irveial dry
dockR, and the building and riffging of
lliipn is much followed ; but thr manu-
fitittirsan: fmall, compared with the
fi/e <-f the town. It has a great trade ;
and the filhcrieii, particnlarly for her-
rings, and the Newfoundland filhery,
.itccurieJ on to a great extent. The
nuud)cr of inhabitants was I7,4j8 in
iHoi, and 19,0^2 in i8ir. It is 14 m w
by N Glafgow. Lon.4 AS w, fat. 5^ fs; w.
Greenjlerongh, a town of the Itate of
Georgia, chietof Oieen county, one of
the mod fertile in the (late. It is 60 m
NNW Louifvillc. Lon. Hj 15 w, hit. 33
15N.

Greenjlurff, a town of Pennfylvania,
chief of Weftmorland county. It has
a trade in flour, and in fcatcd on a hill,
30 m K by s Piitfburg. Lon. 7^ 45 w,
lat. 40 8 N.

GreertJleJ, a village in Eflex, a mile
w Ong.ir. It is remarkable for a little
churcii (built prior to the Conqueft)
the w.iILh of which are formed of the
trunks of trees.

Greeni'ilUt a Liwn of S Carolina, in
Darlington county, capital of Cheraw
diftrlct. It is lituate on the w fide of
Great Pedec river, 85 m ne Columbia.
Lon. 7g 5,5 w, lat. ^4 30 v.

Greenville-, a town of N C.irolina,
chief of Pitt county, with a (eminary,
called Pitt Academy. It is fealed on thw
river Tar, 2,5 m sf. Tarborough, and
•jS F. by s Ralegh.

Greenville., a town of TennelTce, in
Greene county. Five m s by w of it is
Greenville college. It is feated on th«
N E branch of the Nolachucky, 65 m b
Knoxville.

Greenville^ a town and fort of thi
ftate of Ohio. The fort was built by
general Wayne, who here concluded a
U

Mt„liir

m ,

i^m

^- Ui

(ill t;

treaty of price with the Intfian rwi(!on«
ill i7>>5 It 1^ fiMtcii fin till* Nw br^iit'li
iif ine <'tnit Miimi, 70 m nAty w Ciii*
ciiin;iti. l.on. H5 5^. lit. <•> )ll N.

CtftH'iuifh, A town ill Kent, with n
nurk<-t Dti WcdncrUay iiii<( Saturday.
Jt ii famoiit fur un hoinitjl for ilcciy il
fetmriwthouultttobctlii-iiiKlk ilruCturt
(tf tlic kiiul in the wntUI 1 .tiul I'nr riii
i>l)rctv.-)tory hiiill liy CH irlci iii <»i tlii-
iiimmit of it liill,r.illi<i l'liimUi-.t(l liilt,
from the urcit allronuincr of th.it luinc,
who was ncr»!thc rtrft adronomcr royal ;
sitiii the Kii;;tini computo tho loiigitiiJv
ft'uii) the nurivli.in ot thi« place IIrr«!
W4» once .1 royal p il.tcCt in which I'M-
w.ird »i tlirti, .mil (|U('cn M:iry ;iiu|
«liK'«.'n I'.lif.iiicth wcri' hum ; it In-* l"' 11
i>>ng piilird down, .iiul on p.irt of it!
lite now lliiidn the hoiifc belonging to
thu rani^cr of the park. IIcic in a coU
liK*'i c.illi'd thi' Duke of Norfolk CoU
jtjte, f«)rthc m.iintfn.Hiceof :o duMycJ
hourekec^x'm t and another c'.U'd Qitcen
Elifabcth Collcpf ; alio a royal inval
afyltim for looo childmi. In ^^7^)^ the
chap<>l of till- holpital, the dining; h.ill,
anil riglit w.irds were dfftroyt'dhy tirej
but the whole wan foon n-hnilt. Green-
wich in !8-)i contiiurd \\%\\') inh.i-
bitantxi and in iHii, including L)ept-
ford, which adjoinii it on the w, th«*
niind)er was 16,780. It is li-atcd un the
Til imc8, 5 m tsb London. I. on. o, l.it.
51 29 N.

lireeniuicht a town of Rhode Ill.ind,
chief of Kent county. It is noted for
good cider, carries on the filln'rics to
advantage, and fends lonii' vcHcIs lo the
VV Indies. It ftaiids on the n w part of
Narr.iganfet bay, 16 m s Providence,
and 2i NNW Newport.

Greenivichy a town of Nciv Jt-rfi'y, in
Cumberland county, on the nw bank
«f Cohanzy creek, j m from its mouth
in Delaware? b.ay, and 15 m »k Salem.

Gregorio, St. a town of Quito, in the
province of Guayaquil, tcated in a
fruitful plain, 80 m nnw Guayaquil.

Creiffen, a town of SwifR-riind, on a
fmall lake of its name, 9 m • st Zurich.

Grei^en/jergfn. town of I'lamlonbutg,
in the UcUcr mark, en the river Sir-
nitz, 13 m ssE Prcnxlo, and 48 nne
Berlin.

Gre'ifftnberg, a town of Siltfia, in the
principality of Jauer, with a forivels on
a mountain. It is celebrated for its
linen manufactures, and fcati d on the
Qut'is, 28 m wsw Lignitt.

Greiffenbergf a town of Further Po-
tnerania, on the rifer Rcga, 16 in a
C'amin.

am

Ortl/f*MfiiHffH, • town of Fyrthrr Po«
nicr.iiiu, on the river Oder. 1 » m • 8Ut*
tin.

(lrf\fiwaU« I fee OrltfwaM.

(«Wm»»« town of Aullria, on the Da*
nulte, tn m k l.intx.

Greilz i fee Grtiitt-

(irtHHito a town nf Frimce, In the de*
n.irtm'*ni of Upper Garonnr, 17 in nw
i'ouloiilr.

(!>fHHa, a town of Swrdi-n, in !^mo«
I ind, with the rrni.iiii» of .1 itrong caUle
on the top of a hill. It f> ukU near the
bkrWcticr, iH in mm. Jonkoping.

Girnob/f, a city of Fraiii->', capital of
the (Uparimcnt of lli-rc, An<l a bifhop'a
fic, with a foftifii'd caftl.-. I he h athi r
anil glovft th.it are tiMth' here are t i^h"
ly rlteemed. It Hindi on tbr lierr, over
which are two bridge* to pafu into that
part cilli'd Perritre, n larjje flnet on
the iidi' of thir river. It i^ 37 m :>
C lumlicrry. I.<»n. 5 44 t., \:\t. 45 11 N,

Grrtna \ fee Graitney

Grtvenbrtirh, a town orrr.incr, in the
dep.irtmeniot Koer, litely of Germany,
in the duchy of Julicr.i ; (if.ited on thr
river l.rfl, 10 m ksk J u Iter .

Gr*vfntnachtren% a town of the Ne«
theilandi, in Luxi mhur^s on the rivir
Molelle, in a country proiUuing excel-
lent wine. 14 m 1- .vk Lnxctnliurg.

Vni4i/ent a town of Upper Saxony,
ill Tliuiiiigia, on the river llelbe, 15 m
N Krfiiit.

Griwatid, a town of France, in the
dcp'titmeni of Var, u m »w Frrjui.

Grimhetgen, a town of the Nether,
lands, in Brabant, with an abbey and a
calHe, 6 m N Drun'elH.

Grimiiiat a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, with a trade in wool, linen,
tiiread, and llaiind ; leati;d on t!>e Mul-
da, 14 m «K Leipr.ic-

Grimmcut a town of Hither Pomira-
nia, 14 m !« StralluntI

Grini/ierg, a town of France, In the
dcpartmei'i of Sarre, latt-Iy of Germany,
ill the eleClorate of Trtrvts, 17 m sE
I'revps.

GriiKjly, a boroiigfi in T.incoIiif!iire,
i^'overned hy a maycr, with a market
on Wedneld ly. It h is a larpe chiiicli,
like a cathedral, and a good ir.ide in
coal and fait. The harbour, at ilie
mouth <if the Hnmber, haMHcn in)i)rov-
ed. It id 35 m ke Lincoln, and 168 w
London.

Grinaiv, a town of Swiircil mil, in
the canton of Glaris, on thrri^cr Lnith,
at its entrance into the lake of Zuriciii
14 m NNW Glaris.

Crindtn^ulii, a town of 5wifltrlaiid,

I'urUirr ?o»
, I » m ■ SUt*

i«, on the Da*

iicc, In the lie*
WW, 17 m MW

;tj«n, In '^tno-
t llroiig cai\l«
l» iikU ne;ir the
J(inko|)li<K

anil « l>in»<ip'i
.. ThchMthir
. hen' are Msh'
I thr Iierr, over
o p«f)» into lint
l.iitjc Urift on
It in a7 m »

B, Ut. 45 «»•*•

nfrrancp.intlic
tlyofClerniany,

; le.it«d on the
ilier>i.

(jwu of the No-
rg, on the rivir
KoiUicinn excel-
,»ixi.'ml»nrg.

Upper Saxony,
ver llelbe, 15 m

r I'runce, in the
in itw I'trjiia-
of the Nethcr-
\ .in abluy and a

■ Upp«'>" Saxony,
,. ill wodI, liiit'n,
Luil oil ll»e Mul-

If Hither Poimia-

}r Fram-e, In the
jtcly ot G»'rmany,

"nvts '7 •" "^

in Linoohidiire,
[, with A niiiiki't
Is a larj'.e cl\iiit.Ii»
|;i good iradc in
liiirbour, at itiC
li.ii'lHCuiniprcv-

icolii, and 16B W

If Swiircilind, in
III thf liver l.MiH'.
Ic like of Zniicli,

a of SwifltrU"^^

a n (I

In thr cniiioti of U«rn, ftfAKtl Amnnfr
inouiiliiint, nt the fuot of a cclcbrutcd
Uhckr, »5 HI n Thun.

iinndo'i, .1 vilU,(v ill that part of
DiirlMtn C4llcd Norhiinlhiri?, A m iw
ii»rwlc!c To ih.' » ot it, at 4 place
I atlctl Oriiuioii HiiriTi Mr<> lour upright
ftone pillars, fii ri^l m»riiimrnti of iIh*
( tiii'lt.iini lliln in a viclnry ^.iinrtl In ri>
ovri ihu Scot*, In Mj'l. by the < url of
N'orllium!icttirul and lui brother.

(iriifjlfiulf Ktt/f, a l>orounh In SnfT'cXi
*vith a nurliet on Thurf.Liy. lleit ii
^lckvillc c )lleKe. i hu^" U-nn- buildinit
l')iind>'d by the duke of Uortct.ln 1616,
i;ir a4 .igcd perloiit of both lixet. It i'.
fejted on n hill, i.n m N Lvwci, and %<)
>> by I. London.

(iripjio.'m, .1 town of Swt'den, in
Snderinani 1, with an ancient roy.il c.if-
tie, in whifli are nunnToiiH poriraiti iff
empi-ron, I<inj{i, and l«)vrrei.;n princes,
Nc.«r it ii .\ Ci)nfi<leiAblc bi.mdy dil-
tillcry, and a c.uiiioii toiiiidtiy. Jt ik
le.ited near the lil.e .Mju kr, m in w liy
» Stockholm.

Grif<jkunlil, a flronp town of Ililln-r
Ponn'rani.i, vvi»h .1 jjood h.irboiu, and ,\
univerfity. It in Icatcil on the river Kik,
which is navi)(.iblc to the Haitic. 14 iii
w VVolijart. Lon. 1 j 3H k, Lit 54 4 n.

(Jri/0»j, a new canton of SwilTcrl.ind,
l)Oun ltd (.n the % by Milan and Vtnic,
K and N by Tyrol, and w hy the can-
ton* of Gi.iris, IJri, ,uid Tvllin. Tiic
Valteline, and the couiitiC!) of ( liiavLiN
in ami llorniio, l.itcly fiilijed to tlic
Onlbna, in)w coiiditutc p.iit of ilic
kiii^'doiii of It.ily. 1 lie conntry was
formcriy d viikd into lluee K;,igues,
namely, the On y League, the Lr;ij;ue
if Uod't* Hoult', and the l.eaijne of tlic
Ti-n JmifdiCtioiis ; each of tti.ru li.id a
(lillinit internal government, and tht-y
were coniu(ttt(l ;i i on- rcpnl:lic by an
;iriiiii,il «lia htM alti rnatcly jit the
t'iwiii of Coirc, lhiit/,,'in(i U.'»v«)s. Uflt
ill iHoj, the C'jii/titntion was chaiiircd
hytl.t' Ficncii, anil the country mi'.dc
i\\ ad(!ilional can'oii of Swilli rlaiul.
llii; inli.ibituiitfi, aniuunting to aluiit
'.jo.ctio, aw partly Cdviiiiils ami partly
iMtholics; but ll t; former .irr iiiolk nii
iiUT.in:.. Tin; principal ruldKUnee of
tlif p> aiiinlry is hy bn-cding oxtii, inulf
111 which arc lent to .Milan. The cipital
is Coiie.

(jrijjei/, a town on ilie roall of Java,
ill till- I: pirt of th<! illmd. Lon. n j 48

lat.

r. .S.

(<>///7, a town (if Terra Firma, in the
province of Vniezuela, 50 in ssw
Mirida.

(•rodno, the principal town, though

(i rt 0

nut the CApiul, of Ltthnanln. It hat
thc«pp«arAnc«of aclccaytd town 1 con*
i..lriln)( a mixture of wietc'nd h«>vrU,
falling hoiif 4, «rid mined pdicct, with
maK'iiAccnt g.itewaynt uinamt of It*
ancient iplcruiour. A fevr hattiiatiun^
in k'ood rv.'.iir make ihf contralt mnrr
Itrikiii2{. Ibreii .1 eolli'ge .tlul t'lyltc
Itirdeii. In the n<'w pilicc, built by
Auxnituit III, tllF diet* wi-r«* t'>metiriieil
held ( particularly the Itfl, in I79,<,
which W.11 co'iipi III* I, at ihe point of
the biyoiiet. to oniVnt i(» the Ueomt
pirtilion of I'liland i ami h>'r'*, in 171151
tttamlhuit III furimilly nfumd hi*
rroAH. Crudno is now (iibJiCt \* Uiif*
Ii'.. It i» feal''tl p.kitly in a ptiin, 011
till' rivir Niv.'nicti, and p.iiily on a
mountain, ii,^ m NU VV'arlaw. Lun. 34
tH v., iai. 5.) iM N.

(IrthniU, a lown of Lower Saxony,
in the liiichy «if iliuiilwick Near it iii
4 moiHiiiunt of lti)nr, creeled in rnemo«
ly of a bitilf l'oi^;lit lure in i-ui It ii
leitui on tilt* WeUr, 9 nt v ll.iinJln.

Hull, a Itron^; town of ItolUnd, in
GeldiTlan.l. A «luiy ia collf'ted liere
on all mi ichanilile p.iding through iC
for Germuiy. It is ( ahd on ttic Jilin-
yhe, ij in k hy :> Zntphui.

iirtnhigau one <»f the province* of
Holland, bonndvd om the v. by K Fricf-
la , w i»y Fiii'll.ind, N iiy the (Iirnun
< ' cm, and a by Oveiydcl. It \s divid-
ed into two p.irts, called Croniiigru
and Oitu'landii. The cKCt Uency of iliis
country conlifts in palbire, wliivii tt edo
a grcit numbi r of large liorlcB.

lirtni/t;:;tnt a city ot lloliaiid. capital
of the province of the lame name, wiili
a cttadrl and a univcility. ll is iVated
on the rivers liuiKu aid Aa, and has x
communication, l>y u canal, with a bay
of tlie German ocean, at ilic dillance of
10 m. Tfie inli;ibitaiit.H are compuied
at aoj'-.oo. It I'l 90 m Nt Amllcidini.

Lon. 6 ;5 I

lat.

i.^ <»

N.

Cro/^'ti, an ill nid in ilie i',ulf of Ve-
nice, near the c<>ilt ol Dalmatia, 35 m
long iiml 2. broad. Lon. 15 7 E, lat.
44 18 N.

UrojJ'ttlo, a town of Tufcany, in Sion-
iici'e, uith a ciillt.-, I'uuatc near the fca*
30 m sw ^i^.•nll.l.

OinjMiiiijHt 01 llayuy a lown of Up-
P'.r ^.ixony, in Miliii;i, wiih manufao-
tuies of cotton and woollen clotlis,
letted on the Kodt r, 8 m n MeiilVn.

Crott^ait, a lown uf Sih lia, capital of
a circle of its name. The toicfta round
this town are the joint propeity of ;iil
the inhabitant.'!, it is 19 m NNt- NcilTe.
Jv>ii. 17 a 8 K, lat. ro .\\^ n.

Grotkiiut a town of tJerviy, where the
U 1

- «l

fi

i'i

m

u

ii ■

] /

;V

? ■«!

1 f '■

.1 ' ,

\ ^

iif

^,

■ i

K'fl

■■'4'

V

iM

'Pf

f ' tl

O U A

Tuikb ''crLMtod the Germans in 17*5.
It is 15 ni s UcI);r.nrlo.

Grotcn. n town of Cfnn.'if^icut, in
Nl'vv Lomion roiinty, 5 m w Nrw F.on-
don city. ()• vlitr ii;ink of* the* Thames,
jippniitc t!u? city, ii foit Orifw.ild, m«'-
mi)rahle f'l r hi'iiij,' RcMnu'd, in rrSi.by
i^Mifdii^l ArnoKi after iu: had bccoim- a
tinitor to 1,1-^ country. Tlie tuwri was
burnt at tlie fan'c time.

(irni/nr ; ftrc ( oritinia.

UrubcniKigcri, a town arrl cnftle of
l.iv'cr ^' txoiiy, which gives name to a
prill ipi'iiyjii the duchy of Brnnt'wick.
Tlie ctlile \i now in luinp. It is 7 m
• sw Fiiibock, 111- cnpitiil of l-.e princi-
pality.

Crunhcrj^t a town of Ofrrr.any, in
Upper Ileife. whire tlic kinj;s of the
Morovinpijn race and Charlcm.ifrne held
their conrt. It is 10 m E Giflcn.

Gnmbng, a town of Siitlia, in th"
principality of Clojraii, fnrronnded with
vineyards. Here is a maniifadtnro of
cloth, and a trade in vine-rar and dried
fruits. It is 30 m nw G: ;;!;au.

Grundft a town of Lovtr Saxony, \n
the duchy of Brunlv.-ok, frated in the
Hartz mountains, 4 m w CIauft!>al.

Urutihoijn, a town of Upper S;i;:ony.
in Mifnia, with a trade in copper and
lead, 16 m s by w Chemnitz.

Grunin^fti, a town of Lower Say on y,
in the principalit/ of Ilalberftadt, on
the river Bode, 7 m enk Halbsrftadt.

Gruninjjen, a town and bailiwic of
Swiflerland, in the criton of Zurich,
with a callle on an elcv stcd lOck, lo m
SE Zurich.

Grunjiadt, a town of Fropce. m the
department of Mont Tonneij, luttiy of
Germany, in the circle of Upper Rhine,
32 ni N Nw Spire, and 28 s Ment/..

Gruyireii a town and bailiwick of
SwilTt riand, in the canton of Friburp,
with a caltle on a hil'. It has a great
trade in cheefe, and is 1 5 m sw Fribing.

Gryfe, a river of Scotland, which
rifes in the sw angle of Renfrewfliire,
runs over ll'veral precipices into the
lower country, and, after rtctiving the
Black Cart aiid Wliite Cart, enters the
' Clyde, aljoot a mile below Renfrew.

Guacara, a town of Terra Firma, in
the province of Cancas, near the lake
Tocaripiia, 12 m nne Valencia.

GuadaLi'viar, a river of Spain, which
riff s on the confines of Aragon, cron'es
the province of Valencia, and enters the
Mediterranean, below Valencia.

Gitadalaxara, one of tfic three audi-
ences of New Spam, and a province,
bounded on the n by Culiacan and
I>!4w Bifcay, s by Zacatccas and Me-

GCT A

clioacan, and s and w by the Pacific
ocean. It i« celebrated for its fertility,
and the richnefs of its filvcr mines. The
northern parts are mountainous, and
toward the s is the g.cat lake of Cha-
pala, whofe outlet is the r'^er St. Jago.

Gtuidalnxara, a city of New Spain,
capital of the province and audience of
Guadalaxara, and an archbUhop's Ice.
It coiitaitis eight fquares, two colleges,
fev( ral convents, and 1 9,500 inhabitants.
It Hands on the left hank of the St.
J Ago, 120 m WNw Mexico. Lon. loj j
w, lat. 21 q M.

Guadalaxara, a town of Spain, ir.
New Caftile, which has a royal main -
fa'*^ture of fuperfine cloth and oih r
wo( lien ftnflTs. It is feated on the II;-
nares, 30 m ne Madrid.

CuaduLanal, a town of Spniii, in
Eftremi'dnra, at the foot of the Morcna
mountains and the Borders of A ndalu-
li;j, 10 m •>»■: Lerena.

Quadulttle, a river of Spain, which
riles on the confines of Granada, croflei
Andalnfi.i, by Arcot, and enters the
bay of C idiz by two mouths, one nt
Port St. Mary, and the other (called St.
Peter river) a little to the n of Porto
Real.

. G ludtdoupe, a town of Spain, in Ef-
tremadura, with a celebrated convent ;
feated on a rivulet of the fame name,
34 m E by N Truxillo.

Gundaloupf, one o'" the Leeward Ca-
ribiiec iflands in the W Indies, between
Antigua and Dominica. It is divided
into 'wo parts by a llrait, called the
Salt River. At this place the land on
each fide is not above 4 m broad, and
by this llrait the fea on the nw commu-
nicates with that on the sg. The sw
part is 60 m long and 24 broad ; and the
NE part Is much the fame. The foil is
exceedingly good, and well watered
near the lea, by rivulets which fall from
the mountains. On this ifland is a vol-
cano, called the Mountain of Sulphur;
and on the E Hde are two mouths, which
opf n into a pit of Tulphur : the blacks
who fell brimftonc fetch it from this
pit. The Frencli fettled on this iflaini
in 1 6^' a. It was taken by the Engiilh
in 1759. 1794, and 1810; and it wai
reded by them to Sweden in 18 ij-
BafTeterre is the capital.

Guadalfjuiver, a river of Spain, which
rifes in Mancha, flows through Anda*
lufia, by Andujar, (Cordova, and Seville,
and enters the l.>ay of Cadiz.

Guadarama, a town of Spain, in Old
Caftile, with a great trade in cheefe;
feated on the Guadarama, 25 ni nv-'
Madrid.

ilL. a-r .r-.;.,^^

/n of Spain, in Ef-
eli'brated conv»'nt ;
of the lame name,
lo.

"■ tlie Leeward Ca-
W Indies, between
lica. It is dividi-rt
a llrait, called the
place the land on
)ve 4 m broad, and
on the Nw commu-
1 the SK. The bW
id 24 broad ; and the
e fame. The foil is

and well watered
ilet8 which fall from
n this ifland is a vol-
[)imtain of Sulphur;
; two mouths, which
ulphur : the blacks
: fetch it from this
ettlcd on this inaml
ukcn by the Engliih

i8io; and it wai
o Sweden in iSij-
pital.

river of Spnin, which
lows tlirou},'h Anda-
"ordova, and Seville)

of Cadiz.

awnof Sp;iin, in Old
eat trade in cheefn
jadarama, a.>; m Nv.'

OUA

Gttadlanay a riTcr that rife* in Spain,
from fonif lakes in Mancha,to the n of
Alcarez , Urn\ after it is loll in the earth,
and fprings up again at fevoral openings,
called the Eyes of theGiiadian.i; it tlicu
flows w by Cilatrava, Merida, and Ha-
dajoz, into Portugal, where il takes a s
dirciition, and fiparatiiip Al,i,'arve from
Andaiulia, enters ihe b,iy of Cadiz.

O-adi.v, a city of Sj)ain, in Oraiiada,
■od a biOmp'B f«*c. It contains tlirce
pariflies and iix convents, and is fituale
in a rich country, on a river of il-.e lame
name, 36 m enb Granada. Lan. 3 o w,
lat. .^7 atJ N.

Guii.lramiro, a town of Spain, in
Leon, 33 in w.sw Salamanca.

Gua/Jo, a town of Italy, in Ancona,
which waaalmoft dellroyed by an earth-
quake in 175;. It is 8 m nw Nocera.

Guulqui, the capital of the pr>ivince
of Puchacay, in Chili ; lituate on the ^
bank of the Biobio, la m sk Conce-p-
tion. Loi). 7* 5 w, lat. 36 50 s.

Guam, the chief of the Ladrone
jriands, in the Pacific ocean, 100 m
in circumference. The Spaniards have
a garril()n here ; but the inhabitants are
al.ifioft ail natives of the country, and
reputed to be Ikilful in building boats.
It abounds with excellent fruit, and
has feveral good harbours. Umata is
the capital, Lon. 143 15 e. lat. 13 10 N.

Gitamant^a, a city of Peru, capital of
a province of the lame name, and a
bilhop's iee, with a univcrfity. It is
famous for fweetmeats; and near it are
mines of gold, filver, iron, fulphur, and
quickfilvcr. It is iHo m ese Lima.
Lon. 74 5 w, lat. 13 ao s.

Guanahami, or Cat IjlamU one of the
Bahama iflands, the firlt land of Ame-
rica difcovered by Columbus, in 1491,
and named by him St. Salvador. It is
above 50 m long, but very narrow, and
has a harbour at the swend called Port
Howe. Lon. 75 40 w, lat. %.\ ao n'.

Guanaxuato, a city of New Spain, in
Mcchoacan, and the capital of a large
diitrid, the molt fertile and populous
in all the country. It received the pri-
vilege of a city in 1741, and now ranks
next to iM xico, containing upward of
70,000 inhabiti-nts, and many fump-
tuous edifices. In the vicinity are le-
yeral rich tnines. It is 180 m nw Mex-
ico. Lon. 100 55 w, lat. 21 0 n.

Giianare, a town of Terra Firma, in
the p'-ovince of 'Venezuela, 40 m sii
Truxillo.

Guanuco, a town of Peru, capital of
a fruitful diftiitft of the fame name.
Several kinds of fweetmeats and jellies
art made here, and lent to other pro-

G U A

vinces. It is 17a m turn. Lima. Lon.
75 a5 w, lat.9 55 s.

Giiafizat/t/ica, a town of Peru, in ihp
province of Guamanga, famous for its
rich mine of quickfilver, 36 m NW
Guamanga, and j6o kse Lima.

Guara, a town of Peru, near which
are many remains of the cilifices of the
incai*. It is fe.itcd near the mouth of
the river Guara, 100 m nnw Lima.
Lon. 77 o w, lat. to 58 a.

I'Uarco ; He Cajruitf.

GiinrJa, a city tu' Portugal, in Reira,
and a billiop's fee. It is ftrong by nature
and art, and has a Uatcly cathedral,
138 m NK Lifbon. Lon. 6 37 w, lat.

40 22 N.

Guardafui ; lee GarJefan,

Giiardawar, a town of Spain, in Va-
lentia, at the mouth of the Scguara.
The chief trade confilts in lalt, whicli is
made in the vicinity. It is aim ssw
Allcant. Lon. o 3« w, lat. 38 7 N.

Guardia. a town of Spain, in Bifcay,
16 m ssK Vituria.

Gttardia Alftres, a town of Naples,
in the county of Molife, aa m ne Molife,

Ciiardia Girando, a town of Naples,
in the county >>rMolife, aa mNwMolife.

Guarmot/, a town of Peru, with a har-
bour, 170 m N N w Lima. Lon. 77 43 w,
lat. 10 15 s.

Gua/ial/a, a fortified town of Italy,
capital of a Imall duchy, included in
that of Parma, with an ancient decayed
caftle. It is fcated near the river Po, 14
m NE Parma.

Guajleca ; fee Panuco.

Giiajhi or f ajio, a town of Naples, in
Abruzzo Cilra, on the gulf of Venice,
15 m SE Lanciano.

Guatimala, one . of the three audi-
ences of New Spain ; bounded on the
Kw by the audience of Mexico, ne by
the gulf of iMcxico, be by the ifthmu*
of Darien, and sw by the Pacific ocean.
It is 750m lone; and 450 broad, and fub-
divided into the provinces of Guati-
mala Proper, Vera Paz, Honduras, Ni-
caragua, Colia Rica, and Veragua. The
indigo of this country is luperior in
quality to that of any other in America,
and is cultivated to a confidcrable extent.

('uaiimiila, a city of New Spain, ca-
pital of the audience and province of
Guatimala, and a billiop's fee, with a
univerfity. Ic Hands not far from the
fite of St. Jago, the former capital,
which was totally dellroyed by an earth,
quake in 1773, when Bo, 000 perlbna
periflied. Guatimala is 600 m sw Mex-
ico. Lon. 9a aa w, lat. 13 40 n.

Guaxaca, or Oaxaca^ a province of
New Spaia« bounded on the k by Tlal*

!ii

I

iti-iili

m

'Hi

■. il

I ';

G U A

cala and \ho. ^ulf oK Mexico, e by Ta-
bufco and Chi.ipa, s 1 y Soccnuico and
the Pacific (.ctan, ami w by Tiaicala.
It is mountainous, but fiTlilc in maize,
fruit, cochint-al, and caffia ; and kh-
tains mines of gold, filver, and ciydal.
Ctinxaca, or ^'inti'ifurrn, a city of
Ni'vv Spam, Ci.pil;d ot llie proviiicf of
Gii.ixaca, and a biliiop's ffe. It exports
excfllt'nt wood, perfumes, and clioco-
latf ; and ha8 a noble cathedral and
many rich convents, 'i'he inhabitaiits
art* cftimatcd at 24,000. It (lands on a
hill and along thi" Mt bank of the Kio
Vi'rdc 90 m from the Pacific ocean,
and I -,6 ssE Puebla. Lon.97 is w, liit.
16 SI N«

IhuiytJfjn, a country of S America, on
the coalt of the Atlantic, between the
rivcru Oroonoko and Amazon, and to
the N of Am.izonia. 'liie Portuguefe
poficl's the part atljoining the river Ama-
zon, and the 'mall colony of Cayenne ;
tlu' lMi(;lini, Surinani, Berbice, Deme-
rara a ul Ifllquibo, recently taken from
the Dutch ; and ll.e Spaniards, tiie part
lit xt the Oroonoko. The preateft heat
takes place in Odober, and continues
to M.irch : this is fiiccccdtd by violent
uninrevruptedraintill June, when parch-
ing hirat again tak<s place till July, which
is again followed by inceflant vain till
Oduber. Dutch Gnayana is every
where level, and fo low, that, during
the rainy leafons, it is uftially rovcretl
with water near two feet in height. This
renders the foil fo rich, that, on the
furface, for 12 inches in depth, it is a
ftiatuin of perfed manure, and, as inch,
has he( n trarfportcd to Barbados. The
irteii-r parts of the country are in-
h.'.biied by biaeks, who have different
languages .ind eultoms ; and fome of
them build thtir houfcs on trees, to be
ftctire from the inundations of the ri-
vers- Si'e St- 'l'/io>7!as, Cayenne, &c.

Gufjyaqii.l, a city and feaport of Qin"-
to, capi-al of a jurildidio)) (;f the fame
name It is defended by three ftrong
forts, and fiiuate on the river Guaya-
quil, near its tntrance into the bay c*^
Guayaquil. This place is famous for
a (hellfiili, called Tui bine, no larger than
a nut, which produces a purple reckon-
ed to exceed all others in the world ;
and with it the threads of cotton,
ribands, laces, &c. are died. The com-
merce of this city is confiderable. It is
140 m ss\v Quito. Lou. 79 46 w, lat.
I 40 s.

Cuaytnas, a town of New Spain, in
Sonera, with a fmall port, at the mouth
of the river Sonora, on the gulf of Cali-

G U G

fornia, 260 m sw Arifpe. Lon, iii 44
w, lat. 47 42 N.

Cmnyta. a fortified town of Terra
Firnia, in Caracas, and the port of
Leon. The trade isoiifuierablj, though
tiie harbour is only a n>ad, ftcun-d by a
mole. By th<' ^reat earthcpi 'kt* in itii2
fome lU'ighboui in^: rocks and motnitains
were I'plit and rolled into the valley,
and the town was marly iK tlroyed. It
is 12 m NNvv Leon. Lon. ^7 5 w, lat.
la ij N.

(hihen, a town of Lnfatia, capitr.l of
.t cireit ''I'i'F n.Tine. \.h!ch yields great
qu.mlities of exceilcnt red \vi'<-. ft is
felled on the Luhbe, near its conllux
wiih the Neida, 24 m Nt Cotbus. Lon.
14 52 K, l.;l. 51 58 n.

iiubi., a tov II (;f llindoollm, in My-
lure. li \i a fniali place, but has a con-
fiderable trade in tlie produce of tlie
country for 30 m round, and ib alfo an
in'ermediate mart f t the goods paffing
through tin- pcninlula. It is 38 m sse
Sira, and 40 w by n Ka-galore.

ihiblo, a town of Italy, in the duchy
of Urbino, 32 in s. Urhino.

Giidoijber^r, a tow.i of G' rmany, in
Lower Ikde, 10 m ssvv Caflel.

Giti-rnnd', A town of France, in the
departiiietit of Lower Loin-, with a
cor.fulerable trade in fait. It is 3 m from
tile .Atlantic, and 40 w by n Nantes

Guerclie, a town of I'laiict- , in tlit de-
pavtmont oflllcand Vilaine, 7,0 in tsE
Kenncs.

Cusret, a town of Fiance, capital of
the depaitm.cnt (>,f Creufe. It in featud
on the Gartampe, 35 m ne LitiTges,
and 170 H Pari*. Lon. i 56 e, lat. 46 10 n.

Cutrgeh, a town of Barbavy, in Bile-
dulgeiid, 100 in ss\v Tuggurt, and 290
w by N Gadeinis. Lon. 4 50 e, lat.

31 '5 N.

Gurnfey, an illand off the N coaft of
France, fubji iX to England. U is of a
round form, ^6 m in eircuniftrence,
and naiuially ftrong, being furrounded
by high rocks. The foil is verdant,
though hilly ; and is remarkable for its
fmail breed of cattle. The inhabitants
are ellimated at 15,000. I'hc ifland was
formerly a part of Normandy, and is
ftill governed by the Norman laws.
Port St. Pierre is the only town. Lon.
2 47 w, lat. 49 30 N.

GuetOt or Jiueta, a town of Spain, in
New C«Itile, 5a m e by s Madrid. Lon.
2 54 ^v, lat 40 20 N.

Gucvetlan ; fee Soconufco.

GugUngen, a tqwn of Snabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemberg, fituate on the
■ Zaber, 18 m N Stutgard.

. Lon. Ill 44

town of Terra
(i t!ie port of
Jcviiblw', though
u\, ftciiri\l by a
;ti(|U 'kf ill itii z
s aiui mountains
iito ilie v.illt-y,
y ilillroyoil. It
oil. (.7 5 w, bt.

iflitiu, capitr.l of
ich yields great
vod wire. It is
near its conllux
I E Cotbus. Lon.

iloollm, in My-
e, Lul lias a con-

procinci* of the
d. and ib alfo an
he jrnods puffing
It is 3B m S3E
Id- galore,
dy, in the duchy
iImo.

of G' rmany, in
,v Cr.m.
if France, in the
r Liiiri', with a
dt. Ii is 3 mfrom
■ by N Nantes

'laiice, in llu. de-

ilainc, 20 m tsR

'ranee, capital of
iifo. It h fcatcd
in NE Lini'.ges,
I 56 K,lut.46 10 N.
f Barbavy, in Bile-
fupgiirt, and 290
Lon. 4 50 E, lat.

off the N coaft of
igland. U is of a
in circiiniftri'iice,
being furronnded
e foil is verdant,
remarkable for its
Tiie inhabitants
r-;. I'hc id and was
S'^orrnandy, and is
le Ni>vman laws,
only town. Lon.

town of Spain, in
jy s Madrid. Lon.

comifco-
of Suabia, in the
rg, fUuate on the
ard.

GUI

Gutenne, a late province of France,
160 m long and 85 broad, on the .sw
coaft, of which Hordcaux wa« thcr capi-
tal. It now form the drpartmcnta of
Gironde, and Lot and Garonne.

CtulUfnr,!t a borough in Suny, go.
verned by a mayor, with a market on
Saturday. It in fcatcd on the Wcy, on
the lidc of a hill, and h;'d a caftle and a
p ilaee, now in rnins ; hero is al(b piirt
of a monaflery, whicli ii Hill occupied.
The fiunmcr afll/.t'.s are alternately held
here and at Croydon ; but the c!e(5lion
of members for tlie county is always
held here- It has two churches, and
an elegant town-hall. The luimber of
inhabitants was 26.34 '" 1801, and 2974
in 1811. The Wey is navigable to the
Thames, and the trade in timber and
corn is confidcrablc It. is 23 m usw
Croydon, and 2(; sw London. Lon.
o 'H) w, lit. 51 15 N.

Guildford, a town of Connciflicut, in
Newhaven county, fitnate on a bay in
Long idand found, 18 m e by s New-
haven.

Guilli^re,n town and caftle of France,
in the department of Upper Alps, 9 m
KE Embrun.

Gu'tmaraens, a town of Portugal, in
Entre Douro c Minho, which has for-
merly been the rtfidence of its kings.
It is divided into the old and new town,
the former fituate on an eminence, fur-
rounded by walls. Here is a manufac-
ture of linen in high eftimation. The
public buildings are magnificent, and
the collegiate church is faid to be found-
ed on the ruins of a temple of Ceres.
It is 10 m sE Braga. Lon. 8 21 w, Ira.

41 .15 N"-

Guinea, a large region of Africa, of
which little is known except the coaft.
It lies in the Torrid Zone, between 14
w and 20 E lon. and is divided into
Upper and Lower Guinea. The firft
comprehends Sierra Leone, the Grain-
coaft, the Tooth coaft, the Gold-coaft,
theSlave-coaft (which includes Whidah,
Dahomy, and Ardrah) Benin, Biafara,
Majombo, Gabon, and Anziko. Lower
Guinea is commonly called Congo. It
is very unhealihy for Europeans. The
natives in general go almoft naked, and
there f emu to be little religion or ho-
nefty among thom. The commodities
purchafed here, are gum feneca, at
Sene^'al; rice and maize, on the Grait>
coaft ; elephants teeth, on the Tooth-
coaft ; the greateft plenty of gold, on
the Gold-coaft ; and all, in general, fup-
ply Haves, a trade which commenced in
i5i7» but abandoned by the EngUfh in

GUI

1807. There are many little Kites,
wliofe chiefs are often at war wit! ach
other, when tl\,e pcoph- tiikin, 011 (4h
fides, are fold for flavc.s ; and it if; not
uncommon for the nenrell of kin to feir
<Mch other. 'I'he l'',n>Tlilii, Dutch, Por-
tugnta.', D.ints, and French, have fac-
tories upon this) co.ift.

Guinea, iSeiv. or Papua, an ifland of
the S Pacific oce.in, to the N of New
Holland, from which it is feparaied by
Endeavour Rrail. It is next in fize to
New Ho'.l.iiul, extending si-: from the
equatiir to 12 s lat- and from 131 to
iij^ r. lon. a length of more than 1200
m, by a medial breadth of perhaps
30c; but the coafts of thecnftern part
are far from boing completely invrfti-
gated. The noitiiern part is faid to
have been difcovtred by the Spaniards,
in 1528, who had fai'od from New Spain
to explore t lie Spice idands. The coafts
are generally lofty ; ami in the interior,
mountain rifes above nunmtain ; bnt
the whole appears covered wilii (iich
luxuriance of wood and herbai^e, as
can fcarcely be conceived. Thecdcoa,
fago, bread-fruit, and plantain tree, be-
fide moft of the trees, (hrubn, and
plantfi, common to the iflmds in the S
Pacific ocean, are found here in great
perfedlion. This ifland is the chofen re-
lidence of the fingular birds of para-
dife, which breed here during the wet
monfoon, and in the dry migrate in
flocks weftward, to the fmaller illands,
particularly Arroo. Here are alfo ele-
gant parrots; and pigeons that almoft
equal a turkey in lize. The inhabitants
of the northern part are called Papons;
whe-nce the name of the country. They
feem to have the true Malay complex-
ion and features ; but in general of
horrible appearance, and great ferocity.
Their language and habitations refera-
ble thofe of Borneo, &c. on the weft.
The women feem the moft induftrious
in making mats, and pots of clay, which
they afterward burn with dry grafs or
brufhwood ; and they even wield the
ax, while the men are indolent, or en-
gaged in the chace of wild hogs. In
the interior is a race called Haraforas,
who live in trees, which they afcend by
a notched pole, drawing it after them
to prevent I'urprife. On this cxtenfive
territory, fo favoured by nature, there
is no European fettlcneut. The chief
commerce is with the Chinefe, from
whom they purchafe inftruments and
utenfils. Their returns are ambergris,
tortoife fhell, fmall pearls, birds of pa-
radife, and other birds, which the Pa-

in '

',', ■ i

mr

IS '

GUN

pous dry with great fkill. Some flavcs
9r«f alfo exported, probably CHplivL-B
tnkcn ill inti lliiie wara.

Cithij^fim/), a town of Fnnce, in the
departuiL-nt of Cotes <lu Nord, fcated
on the Tiieii, 13 m s Trcguicr.

Gidjif, a town t)t' Fraiici*, in the de-
partment of i^.iliie, with a eaflle, fc;ited
on the Oife. 25 ni e St. Q^intin, and
95 N I'. Parlit.

Guijicihu St. a town of the Nethcr-
InndHiiu Haitiauitileatcdin marlhylaiid,
on the nv<;r Haine. 0 m w Mona.

Guiti'vh, or .SV. Cruz dt Mut/o^ a
town of New Spain, in vSoiiora, with a
fmall port, at *'• m mih of the Mayo,
in the gulf of California. Betwifii tliis
port and that of Lo:eto, on the other
fide of the gulf, is tiic pafT.ige of the
pubh'c courier hetwetn New Spain and
California It is 90 m ne Loreto, 90
Nw Cinaioa. ami 270 ssw Arifpe. JLon.
no 34 w, lat. s6 8 N.

Gujuiiat, a town of Hindooitan, in
Lahore, 60 n\ n by w L;ihoie.

CnlamerUi } lee JiilatKerik.

Gn/paijj^Uf a town of PerHa, in Irak,
90 in NW lip'ihan.

Giitrtiimun, a town of Priiflia, capital
of the Lit'nnn>an depajtincii.t. It h^s
rn;iniirH(^urcs (^f cl-'th, nrd iW^-atedoa
the TiHa, 75 m e Isy s Koiuglbeig.
Lcn. 2 J 40 K, lat. 54 34 .V.

Gioulilfjiqen, a town of Bavaria,
fUiiate on the Breriz, near the Danube,
17 ni wsw Doiiawcrt.

Gu'.fucla, or Gonfcodti, a fo.iport of
Arabia, on the Red fea. All velTcis car-
rying coftVe to Jidda anchor here, and
E\y a duty. It is 180 m s by e Mecca,
on. 40 r,o E, lat. 19 7 N.

GuKtoor, one of the five circars on
the NF coaJl of Hindooftan. It is alfo
called M(-.rtina7agur and Condavir, and
occupief? the fpace between Condapilly,
the foiithermoft of the four Englilh
circars, and the x part of the Carnatic;
extendinj;C more than 30 m along the
bay of Bengal. The maritime parts of
this circar are flat and open, but the in-
terior parts contain fome very ftroog
fortreffes and pelts. It is fnhjedt to the
nizam of the Deccan, and has its name
from a firong fortrei's, 13 ;n h Condavir,
the chief town.

GuKixbur^, a town ofSuabia, capital
of tl)e man;r3tfate of Burgau, with a
eaftle. It (bands 00 the river Guntz,
near ;its conflux with the Danube, 6 m
w Burg.iii, and j^ i: Ulm. Lon. 10 14
r, lat. 43 24 N.

Gni:ix.aiiuwft:i, a town of Fr.mconia,
in the principality of Anfpiich, leat?d

G U Z

on tbr Altmul, near z. forefti i6in ssi

Anfpaeh.

Gurau, a town of SihTia, in the prin-
cipaliiy of Gio^au, with good cloth
rr.aiiufadurts, and a great trade in corn.
In 1759 ii was reduced to aflies by the
Kuni.ins. It Hands on an eminence, bf
the river Bartch, 19 m t Glogau.

Gtirci, a town of Germany, in Ca-
ririthia, and lately a bilhop's fee; feattd
on the river Gurck, ao m n by w Cia-
genfnrt.

Gitrckftldt a town of Gerni.Ty. in
Carniola, with a eaftle on a hill, fituatc
on the Save, 18 m se C illey,

Gurgijlan ; fee Geors^'ta.

Giiriif, a town of KulTia, in the go-
vernment of Aftracan, with a good
hr.rbour; feated near th- Cal'pian lea,
btlwetn the months of ie Ural, a 10
m E by N Aftracan. Luii. ji 56 K|
lat. 47 37 N.

Guricl, a fmall kingdom of Alia,
bounded on the n by Mingrelia, from
which it is feparated by the Rioni, e by
Imeiethi, se and s by Turkilh Armenia,
and w by the Black lea. It is governed
by a prince, who is dependent on Tui'-
key. Gonieh is the capital.

GuriftuMi, a town of Hindooftan, in
the Carnatic, with a mud fort. Four
m w i? Statghadam, or the feven caftlej,
on a rocky hill, at the font of which
i,'. the village, and near it the nabob
has an t xtenfive garden, noted for the
beft oranges in the Carnatic. Gurietum
is feated on both fides the Camundahi,
which flows into the Paliar, 33 in w by
N Arcot.

Guna/if a town of Hindooftan, in the
province of Allahabad, near the river
Nerbuddah, i68 m S3w Allahabad.
Lon. 80 23 E, lafc. 33 () n.

Gurramcoiida, a town of Hindooftan,
lately fubjedt to the regent of Myfore,
but ceded to the nizani of the Dcccan
in 1799. It is 73 m nk Bungalore, and
112 wNW Madras. Lon. 78 36 e, lat.

13 47 »'• c. .

Guftroiv, a city of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Mecklenburg Schwerin.
'J he chief courts of judicature for the
duchy are held here ; and it has an ele-
gant ducal palace. It is fituate on the
Nebel, 35 m ene Schwerin. Lon.
12 13 F.,'lat. Si 47 N.

Gntta, a town of Hungary, feated on
the Danube, in the ifiand of Schut, lo
m K Comorn.

Glitzkow, a town of Hither Pomcra-
nia, in a county of the fame name,
Icatcd onthePeenc, 9 m ssw Gripfwakl.

Gu'^erati a province of Hincjocftaii,

oreft, 1 6m «se

•fia, in the prin-
itU good cloth
•at traiU' in corn.
I to a(hc8 by the
an eminence, by
E Glogau.
icrmany, in Ca-
mp's H'*?; feaitd
I m N by w Cla-

of Gcrn.rny. in
on a hill, fituatt
Lillpy.
s;ia.

tufiia, in the go-

1, with ii good

th" Calpiaii lea,

of ie Ural, aio

Loi). 51 56 B,

ingdom of Afia,
■ Mingrclia, trom
y the Rioni, E by
Turkifh Armenia,
a. It is governed
•pendent on Tuv-
apital.

of Hindooftan, in
nrjud fort. Four
r tht» fevcn talUci,
:he foot of which
ear it the nabob
en, noted for the
rnatic Gurietum
? the Camundala,
Paliar, 33 >" w by

Hindooftan, in the

id, near the river

S3W Allahabad.

^ ') "• . , n
wn of Hindooftan,

regent of Myfore,

\n\ of the Dcccan

JK Bungalore, and

Lon. 78 36 E, lat.

Lower Saxony, in

Icnburg Schwerin.

judicalnve for the

and it has an ele-

t is fituate on the

Schwerin. Lon.

«f.

lungary, featodon
flandof Schut, 10

of Hither Pomcnt-
the fame name,
im ssw Gripfvvakl.
cc of HiiK|ocaati,

II A C

Iffhich is a pcninfula, 200 m long and
140 broad, formed by the Arabian fta
and the gulfs of Cambay and Cutch.
The w part is mountainous and woody,
and inhabited by a wild hardy race, go-
verned by rajahs of their owti ; but t.hi?
largeft and fined par* is inclutlcd within
the cxtcnfive empire of the Mahrattas.
Amcdabad is the capita].

G<wa/iorf a fortrefn of Hindooftan, in
the province of Gohud, fituate on a
I'ock about 4 m long, but narrow, and
nearly flat on the top, with fides alinoft
perpendicular, from joo to 300 feet
above the furrounding plain. The
rampart conforms to the edge of the
precipice all around ; and the only en-
trance is by fteps running up the fide
of the rock, defended on the fide next
the country by a wall and baftions.
The area within ia full of noble build-
ings, r»'(ervoir3 of water, wells, and
cultivated land ; fo that it is a little dif-
tridl within if icif. At the nw foot of a
mountain ia the town, which is well
built. This fortrefs ia c "dercd as
the Gibraltar of the ead; but, \n 17H0,
major Popham took it by an unexpedl-
ed nod'turnul efcalade. It is 80 m a
Agia. Lon. 78 aH e, lat. a6 15 n.

Gyfhorn, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Luneburg, feated at the
jundtion of the Ifer with the Aller, -H
m N Brunfwick.

Ctfon \ fee GijoH'

PI.

Ilaap^, a town of B.ivaria, capital of
a county of the fame name. It is leat-
cd on a hill, 26 m e by n Munich. Lon.
ij 15 E, lat. 48 7 N.

Uabtljlliiverd, a town of Silefia, in
the county of Glatz, on the river Neifle,
9ms Glatz.

Ifac/ia ; fee Rio de la Ilacha.

llachenhiirg, a tov.Mi of Germany, in
the county of Sayn, with a caftle, 18
m N Coblentz.

Uacketjha-jn, a town of Ireland, in
the county of Carlow, 16 m k Carlow.

ilacketjlo-MHy a town of Ni'W Jerft'y,
in SuHex county, f(;;ited ort the Muf-
conecuuk, 15 m n by w Mcrriftown.

llackinfac, a town of New Jeiliy,
chief of Bergen county, with a Dutch
and an epifcopal church. It is fituate
on a river of the fame name, 10 m nw
New York.

llackniy, a populous village in Mid-
dlelfix, I n\ NE London, which contains
many elegant Tillag.

H A n

Tladnmar, a town of Gi^rmany, iji
Wetteravia, neur the river Elfs, la na
NW Meiitz.

Ifnddain, a town of Connecftlciit, ia
Middlefcx county, near thr- river Con-
nedicut, 10 m s by e Middicton, and
18 N by E Saybrook.

llndcrjUbrn, a town of Denmark, in
Slefwick, with a citiu'el, on a imail
ifiand, in a narrow bay of the Baltic, zj
m K Ripen.

fftidi>{j;toii, a borough of Scotland,
capital of the county of the fame name.
It confifts of fiiur principal ftreets,
which interfetfl each other at nearly
ri^hl angles, and has a confidcrible ma-
nufadture of coat fe woollen cloih. Part
of a monartery here is occupied aa a
pirifti ahurch ; and in the town is an
elegant tpifcopalian chapel. In the fub-
urb of Gifibt dgate is fliown the houii? in
which it is faid the celebrated John
Knox was born ; and in that of Nun-
gate, are the ruins of a nunnery. Had-
ington cimtained 4049 inh;ibitanls in
1 83 1, and 4370 in i8ri. It is ftated on
the Tyne, 16 m tc Edinburg. Lon.
a 48 w, lat. 55 57 N.

Hadin^srtonjhire, or Eajl Lot/iiati, a
county of Scotland, 35 m long and ij
where broadeft; bounded on the n by
the frith of Forth, e by the German
ocean, s by Berwickihire, atid w by
Edinbnrgfitire. It is divided into 24
parilhes. The number of inhabitants
was 29,986 in 1801, and 3 1,164 in, j Hi i.
The foil is, in many placer., doubly
productive ; rich crops are raifed on the
liirface, and the mines of coal are in-
exhanftible. The fouthern part is
mountainous, comprehending the n fide
of Lam-nermnir hills; but thefe high
tround« feed many flieep. It is inter-
fidted by numerous ftreams, but the
ptincipal viver is the Tyne.

Hadit, or Iladice, a town of Syria, '
fea.ed on the Euphrates, 130 m w
Ba^'dad.

Iladlej/, a town in Saffol'f, with a
market on Monday. Large quatitiiiea
of yarn are fpun here for the Norwich
weavers. It is feated on the Bret, 20
m se Bury, and 64 ne London.
' Uadlcy, a village in Efll'X, 5 m sw
Rochfoid. Hero are fome rnins of a
caftle, on the brow of a hill, by .1
channel of the Thames between Canvey
ifland and the (liore-

Ihidley, a town of Miinachufet?, in
Hamplhire county, on the E fide of the
Connecfticut, 78 m w by N Bolton.

Hadramaut, a province of Arabia
Felix, on the feacoaft, between Yemen
on the w and Oman on the e. Some

"I

:M

' hit'

II A I

parts lire i]vy and tlffcrfi others ex-
tremely fertile witli wtll-vvatered val-
leys. Till' chief prodiids arc franliiii-
cenfc,giim .'irabic,iIragonfbhjod,myrih,
mid aloeti. Shibiiii i<) the capital.

Ifii^!rin/lo-u>i ; fee F.li/dfj.t/itOWH-

Hi'if^iii, a town of Wtftphalia, in the
county oi Mark, with iniiufajjturcs of
cloth; kated on the Voline, ij in s
Dorimiind.

Jlai^(n/u7i/h a town of France, in the
departmciil of Lower Riiine.< 12 m sse
Landau.

Tlas^euhitrs;, a town of Wcftphalia, in
the cour.ly 01 Schaucnburg, 15 n\ w by
N IlanovLr.

lltif^iar, a town of Arabia Dtferta, 87
m N Aledina. Lon. ,v; z(, k. Kit. 25 30 n.

Ilnj^ue, a town of S Ilolland, which
may compare witli the handfomeft cities
in Enrope, in the magnificence of its
palaces, the beauty of its flreets, the
pleafantntfs of its fitualion, and the
politencfs of ilH inhabitants, who are
eRimated at above 36,000. It is feated
a m from the ieav and has a pavement
acrofs the fand hills, with trees on each
fide, which leads to SchcvcHng on the
leafhoro. The ancient counts of Hol-
land rtfidcd here ; and it is the court,
though net the capital, of Ilolland.
The French took poffeflion of II;igue in
1^95, and retained it till 1S13. It is lo
m NW Rotterdam, and 30 sw Amfter-
dam. Lon. 4 17 e, lat. 52 4 n.

Uaguenati, afortifiedtown of France,
in the department of Lower Rhine,
with a citadel ; feated on the Motler,
J5 m N Strafburg.

Hailjham, a town in Sufl^ex, with a
market on Wednefday, 12 m e Lewes,
and 59 s by E London.

Ilaimbur^i a town of Auflria, with a
caftle on a mountain, near the Danube,
27 m E by s Vienna.

Hainan, a town of St. Domingo, on
a bay and river of its name ; but the en-
trance of the latter is obftruded by a
bar of fand. Here are abundance of
land crabs of an immcnfe fize, and on
the E fide of the bay is a fort. It is 12
m sw St. Domingo.

Ilai-nan, an ifland in the China fea,
to the N of the gulf of Cochinchina, and
to the s of the province of Quang-
tong, from which it is 12 m diltant.
It is 400 m in circumference. The foil
of the N part is level ; but in the s and
B are mountains, among which are val-
leys that produce two crops of rice
every year. There are mines of gold
and lapis lazuli, which laft is carried
to Canton, to paint the porcelain. It
produces the fame fruits as China^

HAL

bcfide fiipar, tobacco, cotton, and In-
digo. Among the animals is a great
black ape, with features rtfembling
tliofc ot the human face ; but the com-
ninu (bit of apes arc gray, and very
ugly, 'i'lie inhabitants are moftly a
wild fort of people, (liort and deform-
ed, and of a copper colour : they arc
clothed from the waift downward only,
and paint their f iccs like other favages.
Kiun-tchvdU is the capital.

J/iihmuli, n province of the Nether-
lands ; bounded on the N by Biabaiit,
NW by Flanders, w by Artois, « by
Cambrofis, Picardy, and Champargnc,
and K by the territories of Liege and
Namnr. It was divid<.'d into Auftrian
and French Hainaiilt; the latter was in-
cluded in the department of Nord, on
the new divifion of France in 1791;
the former h.is fince been annexed to
that, country, and conttitutes the dc-
parlm^nt of /cmappc.

Uainbttrgy a town of the palatinate of
Bavaria, 20 m wsw Ambcrg.

Jfaingen, a town of Suahia, on the
rivulet Lauter, 12 m n Buchau.

Hajypour, a town of Hindooftan, in
Baliar; on the left bank of the Ganges,
oppofite Patna,

llalberjladt, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, capital of a principality of the
fame name, which was formerly a hi-
fliopric. The cathedral is a fupetl)
ftrudure ; and here are three regular
abbies, and two nunneries. The Jews
are toltrated, and carry on a great
trade ; and the inhabitants brew ex-
cellent beer. It is feated on the Ho-
theim, 32 m se Brunfwick. Lon. 11 17
E, lat. 51 .^6 N.

Ualdenf.eien, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, in the duchy of Magdeburg, on
the river Ohra, la m N Magdeburg.

IlaldenJ}ein, a town of SwiflTt riand,
in the canton of Grifcns, feated near
the Rhine, 4 m n Coire.

llalen, a town of the Netherlands, in
Brabant, on the river Geet, 17 m ene
Louvain.

Hales, a village in Gloucefterfliire,
a m N E Winchcomb ; noted for the re-
mains of its abbey, which formerly was
very magnificent, and had great pri-
vileges.

Halesonuen, a town in Shropfhlre,
environed by Worceftorfhire, with a
warket on Monday, and a manufaflure
of nails. The poet Shenftone was born
and buried here ; and near it is the
much admired feat of Leafowes, in the
decoration of which his whole fortune
was fpent. It is 10 m ne Kiddcr-
minfter, and 124 i^w London.

cotton, and in-
nuils is a j?n-at
irca icfombUng
• ; hut tho com-
giay, and very
9 are moftly a
ort and deform-
:olour : they are
downward only,
ke other favagfs.

Mtal.

■e of thfi Ncthtn .
l,c N by Biabar.t,
by Artois, R b/
ind Champ.irsnc,
ies of Liege and
il(.-d into Auflrian

the laltcr was in-
tnenl of "Nord, on

France in ny;

been annexed to
;onIlituie8 the dc-

•

of the pdatlnatc of

Amberg.

of Sua\na, on the
^ N Buchau.
1 of Hindooftan, in
sank of the GangcJ,

,wn of Lower Sax-
principaVity of tlie
wns formerly a bi-
hedral is a lupeil>
e are three regular
mneries. The Jews
carry on a great
Ihabitants brew ex-
i fcatcd on the Ho-
,nfwick. Lon. II 17

[own of Lower Sax-
\ of Magdeburg, on
m N Magdeburg,
iown of Swifftrland,
[Orifons, featcd near

ICoire. , . .

If the Netherlands, m
|ver Geet, i7mENE

- in Gloucefterftiire,
bb ; noted for the re-
which formerly was
and had great pn-

Itown in Shroplhire,
trceflcrfhire, w>th J
ly, and a manufafture
it Shenftone was born
I and near it is Je
It of Ltalowes, m tne
Kb bis wholefprtuue
Is 10 m NE Kidder-
uw tiOt.don.

H A L

fliilefiutrt/i, a town in Suflollv, with
a mauct on Tueldiy, and a trade in
linen yarn and eaiivas. Noar lix- tnvn
isMil'..da gr> at dcil of hemp. Ii lias
a canal Id S(imI1i'\ olil, mid is liatul
jicar the rivei iUyili, iiJ m n b Ipfwicli
and 10 1 Londiiii.

Ihtliljut IjUmd, an iflriul in t!ic Pa-
ciilc oc'i an, fo naimd by Cook on ac-
count of the nunilv r of filh of that nami;
eaiij;ht here. It is z:-, m in ciniiin-
few lice, and very low und barren. Lon.
164 IS w, lat. r,4 ,(8 N.

Uniifaw an^til.Mid didiia of N Ca-
rolina. (Miiipielieai'iMj; the C(Uiiiti>Sof
Noithiippion, llal'Lix, Martin. E«ig-
coml) W.iriH'n, FranMin, and N.illi.

lloUfax, a town ui' N (arolini, ca-
pital ot tiu» dillridt and cminty nf its
name. It is lituate on the Ko.-'nokc, in
a rich country, 70 m nk Ualegh. Lon.
77 ^?> w, l;it. 36 16 N.

ilulifax, a town of Virginia, chief of
a county of the lame name I' is 15 m
w Mecklenburg. Lon. 79 17 w, lat.
36 4^ N.

Ilulifax, a city and the capital of
Nova Seotia, fettled by the i ritilh in
1749 It ft.tnds nn the w lidcofClio-
biidtf, bay, on the lower part of a hill,
whole fummit is 2.56 feet above the lev< l
of the fea. The town has an entrcncli-
metit, and is ftrengtba-ned with forts of
timber. The ftrceis are parallel ; and
at (he N extremity is the king's yard,
fiippllcd with (tores of every kinil for
the royal navy. Thi' inhabitants are
eftimated at above i;; oco. It is 783
m NE New York. Lon. 6j 30 w,
lat. 44 4o N.

Ilalifitx, a town in W Yorklhire,
with a market on Satmday. Its paiifli
h very txtenfive, indudinjx 24 other
townlhips and a population (in iHi i) of
73,415 inhabitants, who are principally
e!nployed in woollen mannfadiircs.
Halifax is the great mart for broad ai d
narrow cloths, tammies, Iballoons, cala-
mancns, everlaftings, &c. It ha" u
market-hoult;, called the P ece Hall,
and varions others for particular goods.
The chii'chis a vem-rable building, and
containsvTfia'.y indent monuments. The
number of inhabitants was 8H86in j8oi,
and 9159 in iSii. It is f' ated in a
hilly country, near a branch of the
Cakler, 40 m wsw York, and 197 n by
w London. Lon. i 45 w, lat. 534 ^n.
Halitz, a town of Poland, in the pa-
latinate of Lemberg, with a caltle ;
fcated on the Dniefter, 60 m ssR Lem-
berg. Lon. 25 19 1;, lat. 49 20 N.
aalkirkf atownofScotlaod, inCaith<

HAL

nefs feated n ar the Tliurib, ovtr
which is a bridge, 16 m wnw Wick.

Ilttlkltii a villa(;e of Wahs, in Flint-
(hiie, 4 I.I ssK Holyw.ll On the fum-
mit of a hi!l is a fir- n>; Hritilh lortrefSf
fiirr Miidi'd hy .1 !;rc it fol's and dike.

IhillanJ, a pioviiice of Sv\'(din, on
the w coall of Gothland. It is 60 m
al(>n^' the coall, but not above 1 2 in
breadth ; and is in gt ncral mountainoiiii,
with coiiliderabie woods of oak and
bin'h. II ilmltadi is tin- capital.

Ilalla'on, a town in Lticellerfliirc.
with a maiktt on 'I'hurld ay, i3mE.>F.
Leici'der, and yi N by h London.

llalUs a tovvii of Lower Saxony, in
thednehy of M.iirdehiirg, with a famous
univL'ili'y. It h.is large lalt-works, and
munil'idtiires of Itareh, linen, and flan-
lul. It i.- feated on the Saal, iBmtvSvv
Leip/ic, and 46 ssk Magdeburg. Lon.
I 2 13 v., lat. 5 I 32 N.

Halle, a town of Snabia, noted for
its liiit-pit;, and the f.mous proteltant
leajiuc concluded here in 1610. It ir.
feated on tlw Ki)chtr, among rockl and
mountains', 37 m n'k Stutgard.

UtilU, a town of Germmy, in Tyrol,
famous for its fait mine; feated on the
Inn, 6 m i'.nk Inlprnek.

llallf, a town t)f the Netherlands, in
Hainanlt, feated on tht? Senne, 8 m saw
Biulfels.

Halhin, a town of Havana, in the
duchy of Salzburj,', (eated on the Salza,
atnong mountains that abound in mines
of fait, H m s by t. .S.il/biiig. ^

llaUerypniifr, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, in the piincipality of Calenberg,
at the fourceofthe Hallcr, 14 m ssw
Hanover.

Halloiv^'//, a town of the diflrift of
Main, capital of Lincoln county, with
a court-hnufe and a well endowed aca-
demy. It }9 litnate near the head of the
tide waters, on t'-e w fide of the Ken-
nebec, 70 m NE Portland. Lon. 69 50
w, lat. 44 16 N.

Halmjiadt, a feaport of Sweden, ca-
pital of Halhnd. Here are flourifliing
woollen manufadurts, and a profitable
fnlinon filhi-ry. It Itands at the mouth
of the Nill'a, on a bay of the Categat,
70 m ssb Gotheburg. Lun. 12 48 E,
lat. 56 ,39 N.

Haljltad, a town in Eflex, with a
market on Friday, and a manufafture
of bays and fays ; feated on the fide of
a hill, by the river Coin, 16 m N Chelms-
ford, and 46 Nt London.

lialtercn, a town of Weftphalia, in
the principality of Munfter, feated on
theLippe, aj m sw Munllcr.

I'tftl

'«;'T

■::f^' i

HAM

jTalloH, a town in Chrfhire, with a
market on Saturday. It had .1 llately
Ciftle, which m.iintaircd a larycjiirif-
dieiion round it, by the name ul Hal-
ton Ft'Pi but all that rcniaini iit now 4
piifon. It '\<^ fcatcd near the M<'rfcy,
13 m VKChi'Iter, and i<h nnw London.

Ilaltiuhijile, a tt>wn in Nortliaml.tr-
land, with a market on Thurlllay. Icat-
fd on a hill, by Ibc s braiuh of the
'I'ync, 3,s tn w Ncwcadlc, and iCj n
by w Loudon.

Ildlia, a town of the kingdom of
Fc/, fealtd on the Ccbu, 8 in s Vc/..

Ham, altroni,' tnwn of VVcllph.-iIia,
capital of the county of Mai !:. It 1.* a

f)Iace of good trade, and has cxtenlivc
ilcacliing-grounds. In 1761, the I'lcnch
wtTc defeated near ihib placo by the
troops of Brunlwiclc. It is fr.ited on
the Lippe. 20 m w Lipftadt. Lcii. 757
t, lat. 51 40 N.

lltiKiy a town of France, in the de-
partment ofSomme, vvithaftrongcaftle;
fcated on the Somme, 48 m N Paris.
Lon. 3 6 E, lat. 49 45 n.

Uanutdiaiy a eity of Perfia, in Irak.
The walls and the citadel wirededroyed
by order of the late kin)?, Aga Moliamcd
Khan, and neither haw lincc been rebuilt.
It is famed for 1 ii)annf;<(^ture of le .Ihcr,
and is a marl ut Made bttwet-n Ifp dian,
Teheran, and B^jidad- Thf- Jews have
licre a iyn:ig ■■;<.■, i" sLic!' tJH-y Hiow
the tomb «' fiirdivai .ukI Liil^r It
is fituate in a n.odfUir.cus d;dnil, 180
m wsw Tth« ran. '"'' • 4^ o K, lat

34 53 N-

fiamrh a town of Syria, the rtfi-

denct o' the fcheik, unh the title of
emir. Tlie befl h iilis, ilic nrcfques
and the caftle, are buiit of hi, efc and
white Itones. The river Afli, f. rmerly
call d OronteB, runs ciofe by the caftle,
and fills its ditches, which are cut deep
into the folid rock. The inhabitanta
have a trade in linen of their own ma-
jiufaiflure. It*isfeatcd among hills, 7«m
•w Aleppo. Lon. 34 55 E.lat. 36 15 n.
llumamet. a town on the e coafl of
Tunis, wliich hasa conli.lerable trade in
torn, wool, and oil. It ftands on a gulf
ofthe fame name, 37 ms Tunis. Lon.
10 6 K, lat. 36 13 N.

Ilaman, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Calvados, i? m ssw Caen.
IJnmhadi, a town of France, in the
department of Roer, lately of Gtrm-'ny,
in the duchy of Jiiliers; feated on 'he
liver Rur, 5 m sl Juliers.

llambleJoni a town in Hampfliire,
with a market on Monday, 15 m sE
Winchefler, and 64 wsw London.
ihimbitrgi a city of Lower Saxony, in

II A IM

the duchy of HoUUin, conftftinpr ofthe
old and the new town ; both nearly of aa
e(|Ual li/.c. .Molt of the hoiileh are built
after tlu, manner of the Dutch, and
richly furnilhed within, 'i'hc principal
flrects have lontj .i,ul broad c.iiiaK%,
which are lillcd by tlu" tide; the other*
are narrow anl ill paved. It ii li-ated
on the livers lilbe and Alder; and the
hilter, before it enters the town by
(luiees, tnrms a fine b.ifin. Hamburg
is well fortified, and on the rampari?
arc handloiiie walks, planted with rows
of trees. The town, from its fituation,
haa all p.^ible advnntuffes for loniyn
and donicllic trade; particnl.irly froni
its communic.ition, by the F.Ihe, with
fbmeof tiic principal navigable rivers of
(Germany; and hence it iioneofthemoft
cornmerei.d places in the world, though
not coiifpicuous for manufactures,
litre is a celebr ited college, an arfcnal,
a bank, an exchange (in which is a li-
brary) a German theatre, and a found-
ling hofpital. The inhabitants are efti-
mated at iio,oeo, and nearly ii,oooof
them are Jews, who tranlinfl much buii-
nels. The religion is Lutheran, and
none but the Fnglifli have the liberty of
performing divine Icrvice in a chapel oF
their own. Other religionsare tolerated
at Altuna, a large town near the harbour
of Himbnrg, except the Jews, who
have no lynagoguc. Befide the five prin-
cipal chincheH, there are 11 finalleronei
for particular occafions, fome of which
btrk/ng to hoCpitals. The cathedral of
Oui La('y is a very fine flrmfture ; and
tliechuich of St. Michael is celebrated
for a tcwer 390 ic t high, on which
many aflronomieal and phyiical experi-
ments h.ivc been made. Hamburg was
occupied in 1806 by the French, who
confillcatcd all Englilh property found
here, and laid heavy contributions on
the inhabitants. ' In \^\^, ii was occu-
pied by the Ruffians, then by the Danes,
who lufFered it to be regained by the
French. It is 55 m se of the mouth
of the l^lbe in the German ocean, and
J5 Nfc Bremen. Lon. 10 1 e, lat. 5,^ 33 n.

Hamburg, a town of Penufylvania,
in Burke county, on the v. fide ofthe
Schuylkill, 14 ni n by w Reading, and
60 NNW Pjiiladelphia.

llamburgt a town of New Jerfey, in
SufTexcoimty, 20 m ne Newtown, and
60 Nw Newark.

llamelburgt a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Fulda, feated on the
Saal, 15 m wNw Schweinfurt.

Hamelin, a Itrong town of lower
Saxony, at the extremity of the duchy
of fiiuiifwickj of which it is the key>

onftftinp: of the

lolh nearly ot an

lioiiU'h an- built

;c Dutch, and
'I'hc principal
broiul ciiiah,

tiiJc-, thcnlln'i*

oil. It ii l<-'«t''^i

Alftcr ; ai'J »''«

s the town by

j.ifiii. Hamburg!

(in the ranip:uii

liiutid vvitl^ rows

fromii^ I'ltuation,

luRi'S tor lorciuiu

particularly from

I the Kibe, with

n;ivigablc rivers of

Uiiomolthcmult

the world, thoui;h

o: nianufaituios.

:oUcge. an arfcnal,

. (in which is a »-

:atre, and a found-
inhabitants are cUi-

nd nearly i i>oao ot

tranfaa much bull-
is Luthtvan, and

n have the bberty ot

.rvico in a chapel o

eligionsarptolcraitd

,wn near the havbonr

^pt th(^ J^wa, who

Bffide the five pnn-

areiit'maller»)ne$

\xom, fome of which

a. The cathedral ot
fincamfturei and
lichael is celebrated
c. I high, on which
and phyfical oxpcri-
padf. llamhnrgwas
hvthe French, who
gl.lh properly found
vy contributions oa
n 1S13, iiwasoccu-
8, then by the Danes,

be regained by the
m 6E of the mouth
German ocean, ana
Ml. loiEilal-S.i.^^N-
wn of Fcnnfylvania,
on the K lide ot the
by w Reading, and

vnofNewJerfey, in
mNE Newtown, and

pwnofrranconia,i«

fFulda, fcated on the

■Schweitifuft.

fong town of rower

lueUy.of the du^Jj
UUicb it w thektv

HAM

Here arc nianufa<;tiircii of ItnfTi, filks,
and lbuMn^'«. The fortrcls fiirrrndtTed
to the French in iHq6. It is litiiatcilthe
conflux of the Ilamel willi i.ie VVell-r,
aj m 9w Hanover. Lon. 9 Z] t, lat.
52 ,<; N. _

lla-mi, a province of Wtflcrn Tar*
tary, rnrrouinled by (ipferts, y«'t nc-
coiintrd one of the moft c|i'lij»htful
countries in the world. U* rice and
fruite, pirticularly the nich^rs :\vt\ dried
raifins, are in high t I'.eeio in China. It
i« tributary to that country ; and the ca-
pital )■< of tlu' lame itatm', 1040 m w by
N IMiin>!;. Lon. 9? 44 v., lat. 42 55 n.
UnniUtmt, a d'ltiitn: of the flats of
Tcnnenie, oompn htndiug the countien
orKnoXjJefterfon, Sevifr.Ciaiiijri.'r, and
Biotint. The chief town is Knoxville,
the c.ipit il of till' (l.'ite.

lldmilton, a town and fort of the ft it«;
of Ohio, in II,\miltoii coui\iy. It has a
good trade M if I» the fetileis cf the b ick
rouiitry, and fl.indi on tlie Great Mia-
mi. IS m N Cincinniiti.

luimilton, a town of New York, in
Alluny county, with a notctl manufac-
ture of pl.afs, 10 m WNw Albnny.

Ilainilton, a town of Scotland, in La-
nerkihlif, with a noble (i'at belonging
to the duke of that name. The prin-
cipal maiiiifinflnres are linen, cabinet
work, and Ihocs. It io fe.ited on the
Avon, near its condiiX witli the Clyde,
10 m .'!E Gla(j,'ow',{ind ^8 wsw Edinbuig.
Hifmma, a town of the kingdom of
Tunis, celebrated for its baths, la m w
Cabes.

Iiammam, a tovtn of the kingdom of
Tunis, wiih a celebrated hot bath, feated
near a mountain rich in lead ore, 16 m
8 Tunis.

HAM

Including the illand it containn 9lt,ia«
.acres ; is divided into 10 hundredit
and \\\ parifhe* i h u one city an«I ao
Bi.uket tovrnx; and ferds 26 nii'inber*
to parliament. The niim'ier of in-
habitant was 119,6^6 in 1831, and
145,08.1 in i3u. Tliis lounty has a
grt-.it variety off'ils, but the principal
purl is ch.ilk. The Oorfttlhiie boriirr
hai large tr.K'ts'f lie.tth ; and toward the
fea ai.' great qiiiiititits of mjrfh land,
but v.-ry fcTti'e ; and all tlie remainder
is excclifnt land. It is one of the molt
fertile and populous counties in F.ng-
I.ind. On thi' downs> of which a ridgi;
runs dmoft acrofs the county, ate fed
plenty of lhi\p : but the Itock is coiifi-
diT.ibly decieali'd, owinir to enclofurcs.
Hi il(ii 3 whc.it, b:ii ley, and hops, il ib fa-
mous for bacon, honey, ami limber;
thi.' I.ift in particular, on account of its
prcit vvood.^, of which the principal are
the New Torell ami the forelt of B.re.
Tlic priii(ij)al tivLTS are the Avon,T«(t,
Ite'irn, ,ind Sunir. S<MifIianipton is the
n>nnty-t(iwn, bi;t the afTi/i-a are held at
Wmohdler. Sce.Vf.u; Forry/.and nif^ht.
IhiDt! pure, New, one if the United
States of America, bounded on the H
byCinada, i; by the rfiftiid of Maine
and the Atlantic, .s by Mad'achuiets,
and w by the river Connrdi>.ut, which
fepar.ites it from Vermont. It is divid« .1
into five counties, Kockingham, Staf-
ford, Ililfborongh, Ch 'fhive, and Oaf-
ton : liie iail licH to the n, and coirpie-
hends nearly as much territory as all
the other four counties. The land near
the fea is generally low, but, advancini;
into the country, it rifes into hills.
From the vicinity of Ibme mountains,
whole furnmits are covered with fnow

t

IJa.fimfr, a town of Norway, in the rnoft of the year, this counti^ is in

government of Aggerhuys, 60 m nne
Chriftiania.

llatnwfrfriiith, a large village in Mid-
rflcfex, ieated on the Thames, 4 m w
London. Here is a nunnery eftabliflied
originally as a boarding-fchool for young
ladies of the Roman catholic perfnafion ;
and towar<ls the river are a number of
hand(bme le.its and villas.

JIammerjHn, a forirels of Germany,
in the late eleiflorate of Treves, feated
on the Rhine, oppofite Coblent/-

llamonty a town of the Netherlands,
in the late biftiopiic of Liege, 15 m w
by N Ruremonde.

llampjhire, a county of r.n!»land,
bounded on the n by Berkfhire, e by
Surry and Suflex, s by the Englifh chan-
nel, and w by Dorfetfliire and Wiltfliire.

tenfely cold in winter. In fumi^ier the
heat is great, but of fliort duration. In
18 to the number of inhabita;its wa»
214,41.1. The capital is Portfmoii'h.

Jlamfijlcad, a town of New York, in
Queen county, Long ifland, fituate in a
large plain, which feeds numerous cat-
tle, 23 m E by s New Yor';.

Uampjiead, a village in MiddkTex, 4
m NNw London, formerly famous for
its medicinal w.iterp. It is feated on the
fide of a hill, on the top of which is a
fine heath that commands a delightful
profpedt ; and in the vicinity are many
clepnnt fi'ats and villas.

Hampton, or Minching Hampton, a
town in Glqucefterihire, with a market
on Tuefday, and extenfive cloth manu-
fadurts ; feated near the Stroud canal.

I!

Itextendsjcxclufiveoftheine of Wight, 14 m s (iloucefter, and 99 w London.
4J na from n to |; and gi from k to vr . Hampton, a town of Virginia, aapital

'i. I

, it

'•Mi

> I'f

SI

II AN

•f I'lir.ilifth county. It li.if .i tntJc in
Ki<(iiii litntlur, f\.tVL-H, .Vo. jnut (1 iiulii ut
tlu' hcai) <)t° a hay, m-Ar tin- luoutli of
J.iini u rivir, Ko m nn. KiLlitnutul. I.uii.
76 iH « , lat. .»7 J w.

Ii,inif>lnn, 1 liivvn of New ll.i'iip.
iliiri-. III Uockini'.li.iin county, im a tivcr
ot it* II iir.i , tu'ir llir H-.i- It Ins a
cm il lo lli>' Mrrriiiiac, at S.ilifbury )
aiul ia 14 m H hy vv Puril'iiiouth.

Ilinyiptoii, ;t villii^;!. in Miililkd x, on
tlir liver Th imi':;, 11 m sw I.dihIdh. It
\\ fiiitous fir a royal pal.ictf, ialU-d
Hamilton ('(uirt, i rijjin.illy an*| maniii-
tic inly biiilt l)y canlinal VVoHi-y, wiio
gavf il 10 Ilfiiry viii What remains
of (III old p il.nT art' only fonif tif the tlo-
mcllic oiru'cB, >lic- pi.iicipal pait Wxnf,
taken do^vn in i6(;n« and the pufint
pahicc nctitrd hy William 111. The
l)niMin);fl, ^aniciiH, and paiks are 4 m
III i.ircnmtr!v.'iKi'.

llitHtiu, a llionj: town of f J' rmany,
ill Wct'tiavia, capital of a ffrtiic coun-
ty ot tlic fatnc nanc. It is divided into
tlif old and new town, aiul in the for-
mer in a iiiagnifie'i lit calllc. 1 1 h.i.s nia-
'iiifaOihiien ot woollen Itiili's, lloeljiigs,
porcelain, and toliaceo ; and a trade in
irorii, iron, and timber. Mere, on Ocio-
bfr 30, 1813, Uonapartc rtciivtd his
lalt tiefeat in Oeriiiany,.niid fled during
the liattic fur Trance. It ia feaUd on
the Kint/.iii, near its conllnx witii the
Maine, 18 in Nh Darnill.idt. Lon. 8 58 "
K, lat. 50 10 N.

Ilaucork, a town of Maryland, in
Walliipgt'Ui coniitv, leitcd on tlic Po-
tomac, 70 111 Nw Raliimore.

Ihoif^-tihcoH, a city o'i China, of the
firil clalii, cjpital oi the province of
Tche-ki.irr;. It is li m in circuni-
ft-reiu'e, exclnlivc of itii inhiirlis, con-
tains more than a million of inhabitants,
and i^ the general enipinium tor ail ar-
tides that pafs between the northern
and fouilu'rn provinces. Here are ex-
tcnfive Ihops and warehoiifes; and it
has a [.'veat tiadc in died cottons and
iiaiikiiiH, filks, riee, and utlur grain. It
is rt';a(.d bciwcen a laij-c baiin that
fornv* the .s exlrtmity of the grand
canal, and a fniall lake called See-hoii,
700 m s by I:. Peking. Lou. 120 it v.,

lat. JOZD .N.

llaKO-vrr, a lale cledoraic of Ger-
many, in the circle of Lo\v<*r Saxony II
contains the dncliies of Z'li, S.iJm;-
Lautnburg, Brnni-n, Line'ciirg, and tl'e
principalities of Vcrdcn, Uf.hciie.atren,
and Overwald. Geor;^e 1 < ♦ Ci>eai Bri-
tain was the tirft who f'n'dul poflellion
of all ihefc ftite*?, which lie r.i'ift-- be-
tween the rivers Wulci ar.d Elbe, and

II A N

rxtciul aoo m in leti^th ( but the brcadlli
H viiioiiiit bi.'ing in fonir pl.ictii 1,50m,
.iiid in ollu'ri hut 50 Thiir produee
in tinibrr. citth-. \\i>^», ituiiii, bicr, and
baciMi ; .1 liiilc lilve., copper lead, iron.
Vitriol, biintllune, quicklilver, ami
c ppt r.i». Ill iH 3, the FmiicIi nbiain-
td p )Hi(rMi. (/. -M tluifc tirriioriei j hut
on November I 81 (, thcciowii piincc
oi Sweden cnti *i this territory, and
hi»t HiitJiiiiic in.j.ny'n govtrnmtiit wai
louii ivillablilhed.

llauoi'tr, A fortifird city rf Lo\v,t
Sixoiiy, c.ipii:il of iln: late ihilorate u'i
tin- f line name. In ilu iieijjhbourhood
arc the pal.icc and tli*;.;.int g;iidcim«>i
licienhauri II. ilaiiover it well built,
c mi liiis upwaid of i.«;,ooo inhahitant.s,
and hai in ii.ul.ieMures of lace, fhtff,
(loekin^i., rib.inilj, and le.nher. The
I'leneh toi.k it in 17P, but were footi
.liter <xpelled. T( cy took it aKain i;i
l«c>3, and werea^iain txpelltil in i8i,j.
It ih (iated on boih fides of the Lcine,
.,« Ill w by N ikuhfvMck. Lon. 948 t,
lat. t,z i.t N.

Hiiiiuvcr^ a 'ounof New H.'inpdiire,
in CJraiton county, on the v b.ink of
Cuniiee'tieni. Three in s of it, and nr.ir
the l.ime river, ia Dartmouth college,
one of the moll celebrated feminarici of
education in the Uni'ed Slates. Hano-
ver in .^x in N ( harlAon, and 80 wnw
PiTtfinouth. I.ciii. 7a 5 w, lat. 4j 46 n,
Hiiroirr, a town ot Peiiniylvania, in
York county, 14 in w-w York, and
94 w by ^ Philadelphia.

JJaHo-vtr, a town of Vir^^inia, in a
county of the fame name, with an aca-
demy ; litnate on the Pamuiiky, tlu* s
branch of Yoik river, :o in nnk Uicli-
mond.

tianor'crt Ne-iv, a lar,^e illand in the
S pjcific ocean, oppofile the nw extre-
mity of N< w heland. It is hij.h, and
covircd wiih tieest, among vviiieh are
iTiaiiy luMUtiful plantations.

//<j« /liN. See 'J)irofi.
^ Jlnnjtitch, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle if lailmcritz, wiih in innlattuics
of cotton, thread, and paper, i j m N
Kamnitz.

Jldinjlhlen, a town of Germany, in
Stiria, 8 m nnw Judciibtirg.

llun-tchong, a city of China, of the
fiid clals, 111 the province of ( htnfi, on
the liver Han, fut rounded by moun-
tains and forells. The chief articles of
trade arc honey, wax, miiik, and ciir
nabar. It is 6a' ni sw i' king. Lon.
106 35 H, la". 32 5« N.

llanuye, a town of the Nedurkinds,
in Brabant, on the fronviei* of Litgc
and Namur, 25 m nnk Namur.

i but the breadth

\r pl.lCiH 150 m,

'I'liui proilukc

ITUtin, bk.IT, rtll'l

)pj)tr. kiuli irim.

IC I'lllK-ll (ibl.llll-

e icrriioriei ; but
the ci own piincc
ia territory, ami
, ^ovtriuntnt was

[\ city r.( Lov.T
l.itc ili <!lor.ite of
.li uiinhbouihoiK!
li'^;.ii\t 1,'ttivlcnH ot
;cr u well built,
i;,ooo iiiluiliilaiilH,
^s of lace, lU'.fV,
id UMihcr. Tlu'
7, but were fiHiii
■ tool; it a^:i\i» i;i
txpclltil ill i8i,<.
ich's of the Lcitic,
icU. Lon. »;4l> »•-»

f Nfw Il.'-.nplliirt',
on the H li.ink of
in s (if it, auil nc"^'
favtmoulli college,
)ratcil feminarici of
i'td Slates, liaiio-
11, ,n, :iiul 80 WNW
, 5 Wjlat. 4.1 46 N;
.)i IVmn'ylvatiia, in
I \v..w York, and

lin.

I of Vii'i;ini.i, in a
niiini', with ail aca-
le Tamuiiky, tlu* s
r, :o m nnk Rich-

larj^e illand in the

ofite the Nw extre-

It is liij:h, and

ainoii;,' wliich arc

atioUH.

run ■

of Bohemia, in the

wiih nianufav^tincs

\iid paper, 12 m N

wn of Germany, in

iltiibnrg.

y of China, of the

vinceof fhtnfi.on

roiindt'd by nnonn-
licchicf articU'5 of
X, mnlk, and cin-
j sw P kins. L""'

'6*

N.

of the Neihirlands,
frontieiJs of Licgc
INK Namur.

UAH

HiOhyaHjjt i city nf China, of th(*
tirft clafi. iu tlic provinic of lion-
«|tiHn); It ii ff.itcd at the conflux of
thr Han with ih>* Kitn-ku, jttf nt \v
I'ekirif;. I.oii. irj 4^ K, hit. ,4) .t't s.

ilnfiiiee, the iiamf of four «)f thi*
Triciidly iiltiuU, in the Pacific otc.in.
They arc of hiuilar height Hud u^)pcar*
ancc, and conneifled by a reef ot coral
rocks, dry at low water. The planta<
tloni ail* iiuni'-rouH and rxtfiinvr. Tliel'e
illaiuli extend from n to .s idxiul 19 ni.

ltuf>jiU, A town of Kuflij, ill the ^o-
vcinmcut of Kevel, h. itcd 011 the Hal'
tic, oppofitc the illand of Dagu, 5 m svv
Kcv.l.

Jlii/>/luri(t an ancient calUe of Swif-
fcrlaiul, un a h>fty emiiw iic<*, near
Schiutziuch. VVh.it i;i left of it in now
inhabited by tlie faiiiily of a pealiiiit.
This cadic was the cr.ulle, x.i it wtre,
of the houfc of AuRri.i, whole anceftors
may bt; iraeed back to the be^imiiiig of
the i,{th ct iitiiry, when Kodolph count
of liapfburg w.ir elevated to the empire
of Germany and archduchy of Aultria.

Uarhoroui^h, a town in I.eicedt rlhire,
with a nvirket on 'I'ln-ld.iy, and manu-
fadtures of tammies, Ihalloonv, and lalt-
iiig» } feated on the Wclland, 15 m m
U'ict ftcr, and 8j n by w I.ondon.

lliirburjft a town of L(»vvcr Saxony,
in the duchy of Luneburp, wiih a
ftrong caftle. It h^s manufatflurea of
lilk, ltockinf;8, wax, and tobacco ; and
a great trade in timber with IloIIaiuI.
In 1757 it was taken by the i'lvncli,
but iL'iaktii the lame year by the llano-
vcri nis. It h llratcd on the Secv<r, at iti
conflux with the LIbe, opp' -fue Ham-
hurij, 37 m NW Luncburg. Lon. 10 5 k,
Ut. ,i;.j i8 N.

I liircourt, a town of France, in th'jde-
partini'iit of Eure, i j m wmv Kvieux.

lliircourt, a town of rraiic-.-, in tlic
department of Calvados, la in s by w
Caen.

IhirdberfT, a town of Germany, in
Stiria, ii m ssw Friedb' rg.

Ihr/Uf^jht, a town of lower Saxony,
in ihe duchy of lirunfwick, with a con-
ruJeruhic manuladure >f leather, 10 m
Kw Gottin^ren.

ilariLnberg, a town of Vv'eflphali 1,
in till.' duchy of Berg, 13 m kn i: DuHtl-
dorp

liartlenbur^, a town of Holland, in
Overvd'cl, fituate on the Vecht, 10 m
swCovoerdrn.

ilarilrr-wi/rk, a fortified town of Hol-
land, in Gclderlanil, with a univeriity.
It has a trade in corn and wood, and is
Icau'd on the Zuider zee, 24 m nnk
Arnheim. Lon. ij B e, lat- 5; ao n.

ir A u

/ftir.t-;v!itf n town of ilie Aatc of
Gtorjn, feittd on the CVrechtc, 16 m
froiii Its inontli, and |S w |>y >.\iv;uiiii.

//.»r.' jy.;<;,/, a viHag in VV Yorklhirc,
on ilir river Wliarf, 8 m m Lec«l«.
Ilcie .ire tl)c tnnainH of an ancient cil*
tic } and in thi* church in the munumcnt
of lir VVillia:n Gafcoyne, wlio com-
mitted Ilrnry prince of Wales to pri*
Ion, I -r alfrontiiiK him while Iu fit ad*
minillcrini^ jufticc. Near it ii H.iic
W004I houIe,ihc noble feat of lord Hare-
wood.

Iliii/lLur, a town of Fr.uicc, in the
dep.irimciit of I.ower Seiiu-. Its fortiri*
c.itions have been long drniohtluil, .md
its harbour nearly choki'd up. It ftin.tj
on a finall river, near the mouth of this
Seine, ](> m NW Rou<*n. Luii. o 19 !■,
lat. 49 ,V) N.

Hiir/urJ, a town of Mary! 'id, in .t
county «)f th^ iiunr nam?, Iltu.ite on
llulli river, 25 m r.sk Haliimor •.

/Iini/iiim, a town ol Ilindo iftaii, in
Myforc, with a fort, in which is n cele-
brated temple. It ftamls on t!ie f. fulc
of the Tunga-bhadr.t, whieh here fepi.
r.ites .Myibre from the ountvyof the
Maiirattat*. In the vicinity mucli cot-
ton wool in cleaned, mid Ipuii into
thread. It is 6.[ m ni, Na;:ar.i.

Harlehecky a town of the Nether-
lands, in Flandcr.s, on the river Lis, ^ m
Ni; Courtray.

Ilut/fc/i, or llar/tfi^/i, ,t town of
Wat. s, capital of MeriuiKthdiire, with
a market on Saturday. It is governeil
by a mayor, and ha j a caftle, built by
Eflw.ird I, almod entire, on ;i rock pio-
jeeH'ug into St. G''orgi' channel. It i-^
a fmall place, j6 m sk Carnarvon, and
2 i I NNvv London. Lnn. .\. 6 w, lat. 5?,
54 N-

Uarlr-ni, a fortified city of S iloll.ind,
memorable for the lii;ge it held out
aj!;aint1: tht; Spaniard, in i«7j, for tcrj
months, bclurc it capitul ite I. It has
broad re.nilar Itrci-ts, aii.l many canals j
and ia noted for itM velvets, damaiks,
wmlbjd ftiiffs, and bleachiii(;f'round3.
The inhabitants arecompiite.l at 40,01:0.
Tlie great cliureh, wlmii i'S tiie hrj^i.ll
ia Holland, h.is the grande.'l orj^an in Jai-
ropc ; it contains 8coo pipcb, and 6d
llops. Harlem ia feated near ji lake of
tile fame name, li m w Anii'lcrdam,
Lon. 4 37 K, lat. 52 aa n.

Uiuhjlrjn, a town in Norfolk, with a
market on Wcdncld ly, leated on the
VN'avi nay, 16 m s Norwich, and 99 nk
London.

tlurlhi^, a town in Noifolk, with a
market on Tuefday, 24 m in Norwich,
»".:(! 89 NE London.

Il

il

|f

■tV

'I h:

II Hi

1 '

M

II A U

llii.HnjffH, n fortiflril fcaport of Mot-
Unci, in l-'rii'Oimt, of which, next to
Li'WurtUri, It ii Ihr l.-irBrA .iitd nuttX pn-
puloutt it h.M noiirifhitiK m.iiittf>iftiirr«
of p.ipcr niitl ('.itu.ii, .itui I* ti'utcd on
thi» Ziiit!cr ue, i., rti w Lcw^nlcti.
Lon. 5 aj K, Lit. vi i> ^^

itiirlo:i', » town in I'.fTfX, 7 m nw
OiiK'i'. ()o n common, } m I'ram ihc
town, U ,1 f.iinoii* f.iir on ihr ntli of
Sfpt'iiiliiT, c.tHdl li.irlow Hiin* t'lir,
littictt urortfd to by the riiighUuUiing
gi'itry.

Utirmonj/, a town of P^nnfylvani;!,
In I.ii/rrnc county, on the n lule of
8t;iriicc,i cn-rk, ;i water of thr k br.iiicli
of tlir NiifiiU' Imo.i. Between this place
niul Stock <)i,rt, on Di l.tw-irr river, ilil-
tnnt itt m to the k^u, ihcreita nortane.
It h I 10 Ml NW N.'w Yorli, and no n
by w i'hil.id«.l^hi.i. Lon. 75 «;o w, Int.
41 'i N.

ILirn, ;i town of Spain, in O'd Caf-
llIcf'Mted on the I'lifi'. ; : m ni MurKOi

Hitrpen/telJ,A town tit Niw Yoik, in
Otfejio county, aS m st. Coopeillown,
Itid .1', w lhuif>in.

l!nr(>oftfl:i/t si town of Ilindnofl.in,
CTj'if.il of a iliftritft in Myforc At the
partili<)n of thin country, in 1799, Har-

fioiu'ily >v.i!i cideti to the Mahraitai.
t i! 76 m NNt Nagara. Lon. 7j j8 e,
lat. 14 40 ^■

Jltimvt, a town of Afiatic Turkey,
in Dill Ink, known in icripturr hs the
country of Labaii, .ind l>y the Uoinans
c ilji'd CharKr. It ii fituatc in a plain,
f imouiJ fur the defeat of CrafTus by the
Pan lii.'ms, 15 m r. by » Orfa.

Ihrrinjrir.n, a fiiuill port in Cumher-
laiul, on a crttk of the Irilh fea, w!iicli
admits velfcl'i of 1 20 tons burden up to
the hfiufis. Ct)al, lime, iron-Rone, and
fire el >y, are lint hcinc to Irt'l .nd and
Scotland. It is 6 m n Whitehaven, and
I wsw Cof-kermouth.

IItir>ifiXtoii, a town of the diftrivft of
M^int', ill IJiicuin couiity, on tiie w
fide of tiK K< n;iebec, which will here
t 'mit vt (Ills of 100 toiir. It ftaiids 3 m
«hovc Il.iHowell, ti[ which till 1797 it
was a P'lft, 'tiid known by the name of
Fori Wcilcrii. The judlcinl courts for
the couMty are held allnii.itcly in this
town aiul at Po',vna'bi)i-oui;h. It carries
on a biifk tra*lewit!^ the back toiuitry,
and ii :o ni n rownalborouph.

}l,iniiorp'jiir., a to '■ n of Hiiulooftan,
in Orilla, i-ptal »)t the diftri(5t of Mo-
l)Uibiiii;.;e. it i"; jc8 m NNI-. Cattack,
and no W'sw Calcutta. Lon. a6 46 e,
lat. J I "^^ N.

llarriorf'our, a town of Napaul, in the

lU tt

diflri^ of IVIocaumpour, on the river
li«>t(inutiy, «7 m ^«ii Muc4umpuur.

lltirrh I fi'C l.t'Uih.

Uorri/lurjf, n town of Pennfylvanli,
rapit.d of Dniphin inunty. It ii liiii.iii
on thr Nufiiuehaii.t, H6 m wkw HhiU.
d«l|)h:.i. Lon. 7A ^5 w, bit. 40 16 s.

llittriffu^i'H, * horouith ol liclaiid, in
the county of Kild.trr, la m r. b]f » Ki|.
d,ir««,

lliirrodlhurjf, a town of Kentucky,
chief of Mererr cciuiily. It ILiikU «t
I he head of Malt river, )o m » by 1
I'r.inkfort.

ftoToiu. a village in Mi'Mlefcx, on
the hi, dull hill in the couniy, 10 ni
WN(v LondiHi. It has a n(.ted chureli
and a ccli.-brited fieflchool.

//iirrrw^utf, a Mlla,{e in W York-
(hire, ( m w KnaitfboioU({h. It it la-
moiu ^or nu'dicin.il fpringi, one of
which is the ftronK«-U fulphiir-w iter in
fJnat Uritain. Ili-rr are fevcnl l.ir.'c
buil.lingj, with a theatre, See. for liir
accommodation of the tuimeroui vitit*
antH in the tummcr. It is an m n jty
w London.

llitrteiijlfin, a town and caftle of
Upper Sjxony, in Milnia, 6 m m.
Zwickau.

Hartford, a city of Conneiflicut, ei-
pital of n county of itj name, and rim
place where the half-ye.irly air< nibly of
the Aate is held in May. ft (lands un
the w fide of the Connedlicut, 50 m
from its mouth ; and thus far the lid*
(lowo. It has three churches and an
tlej!.mt ftate-houfc Here arc nunieroin
rrianufadtures ; and on the oppolitc lidir
oi' the CoiimCliviit is the town of liait
Hartford, where are iron and y.h\i
woiI;». The city is divided by a fnull
ftrcani, cilled Little River, with higli
roinanlic banka, over which in a brid^'e ;
and the ftreeta interfciJl cacli otlur .it
right annlcH. It is 38 m nk Newhavci),
and 80 w sw Iiullon. Lon. 7230 1., lal.
41 40 N,

Huvtfuril, Nfiu, a town of Coniirdti-
cut, in Liclifield county, 14 m m. Licli-
tidd.

ILiitliiiul, 0 town in Di vonfliirc,
will) a iivirkct on liaturd.iy. Near it i<
Hartland abbey, which includes ilie
file and Ibme portion of tiie ancicit
abbey. It is liateil near the BrilUil
chauiitl, and a promontory called li.irt-
land- point, 28 m WjW iiarnftapic, ami
214 w by s London.

Hurtle l>ool, a l(M,)ort in the county of j
Durham, jrov* riiej by a mayor, with i
market on Monday, in the vicinity arc
fijvcral coal mines, and a large Hour raa-

I

ur, on the tlvW
1uC4umpuur.

of PtM>nfyl».1nlii
nty. It ik liiit.ili
') m wNw VU\\a-
w. I;»t. 4'* !'• N.
iijjh ol Iribnd, in
u m r. »»y • Kil-

yn of Kentucky,
iiy. It llouN .it
ir, }o in • by ■

in Mi«t»<1«'f«x. OH

\n' CKiiii'yi "> "'

lai ft tX'trd cluirclt

Ichool.

ila^i. ill W York.

boioiinh. ItUU-

fpritiRi, oiu« t.f
I fiilphiirw :H«i ill
e arir Ifvcril l"fr
ratre, &c. fur tlir
the iuitn»rc>ii» vi'it-

It is an m N by

jvvn and cnftic "f
1 Miliii.>» (> m ""k

of Conned^iciit, ci-
if iti tiami'. and tlifl
If.yi'.irly all'i nibly of
May. It iUndi on
Connecticut, 30 m
lid thus far the till*
»• churches and an
Here arc nunurons
on the oppolitc liJe
: IK the townof i:;iit
aio iron and k^-i'*
is divided by a I'nuil
c River, with hig'.i
ftr whichUabriiit;"';
erfcil each otlur .il
3«m NK NcwhavLii.
Lon.71 J*"»'''^-

a town of Coniifcn'f
uunty, i + mNb Lidi-

own in Dtvoniliin;,
^aturd.iy. Neurit 1'
which includes uie
„lion of the anocit
ted near tlic Bv.iU.1
,„iontory cMkd Hart-
woW U,irnft.>plc, ami

.''port in the county of

J by it mayor, witli 1

fcv. In the vicinity we

*,, and a large Hour raa-

s

It AS

TtufAAurp. It U Iritnl nn lh« Orrmon
otrAll, p.irlly liirruiinded by locki i«iid
hilli, 16 miiNk Uurhnm.and ij8 •* by w
London. Lnn. o 14 w, lal ^4 41 N

llarlUy, \ town rhNor(hiitntHrl.4iid,<t
littlr Nw nf Tymmoillh A hivoi |m4
been conllriu'lrd hrrc. whrnee co.d il
Hiipprd to London \ and iicaii.tl U cut
throujfh :i n tk lo the harttoiir licrc
are dt'o f.dt, coppms, and gla(« w<<f|«.

Iliirf ffiroilt, A lowii ot llp|)<T Sax-
ony,In the prineipahtv "f Anhilt Mcrn-
bcre. Htuair nr.ir the ilirlr. nwttintain*,
whi'h contain mines ot iilvrr, copper,
1<Md. in(! Iron. It han a »niiKorticc
and I cadi'*, and it i.t m <*vv Ueriibcrg.
^ Hiitivirfi, 11 fratjort and lioruiiKh In
rnVx, j'ovcrnrd by a mayor, with a
mark' t o" 'l'ii»(d ly. It h.ii .1 capatiou*
hirboiir, .111(1 » coiiv«nicnt dock lor the
building ol" mrii «)f war. Muc!i com*

!)anv ri'liirt hither for tlir purpole of
i'a-bithln^, and it is the prineipil place
uf cmburk.ition lor Ilnliand and (Ger-
many. I he entrance into the harbour
is defended by a bittery and I. (miliar J
i'ort. The town is fratcd on a tongue
of land, oppolite thf unittd mouths ot'
the Stour and Orwell, 4; m k by n
('heimsford, aiul 71 knk Loiiduii. l.uu.
I M K, ht. 51 56 K.

Ilnrtsjieh, u town of MalTichufcts,
in Rarnlhple county, on the n lide of
the pcninlula of Cape Cod- The rtviriii'-
bufineiii is chiefly in the ftlhery, and it
is 12 fi. Ni Uarnftaplc

Ifnrtiuint^tnn, a town of Connctflicuf,
in Lichfield county, 8 m E Lichfield,
and it) w Hartford.

llnjina, a fort and town of Ilindoo-
lUii, ill My fore, with a central battery
thaf Icrves as a cit.idcl. Il is 47 m nw
Seringapatam.

Ilajkmert, a borough in Surry, with
am.nktt on Tuefday, ij m sw Guil-
ford and 4? London.

HdjUn^irden, a town in Lancalhire,
with a market on Wcdnefday, and con-
fiderablc manufa^ures of linen, wool-
len, and cotton. The number of in-
habitants was 4040 in 1801, and sxtf'xn
181 1. It is 16 m N by w Manchcfter,
and 204 NNw London-

llnjan Cain, a town of Turkifh Ar-
menia, which has Ceveial hot fprings. It
il fituate around a hill, on the fummit
of which io an old fortification, la m E
Erzeruni.

llajelt, a fortified town of Holland,
in OveryfTcl, feated on ths Vccht, 6 m
» Zwoll.

Ilafe/t, a town of the Netherlands,
in the territory of Liege, fcatcd on the
Demcr, 14 m nw Maeftricht.

II AT

H.tf'i/'urt, « tuwn uf Franconia, In
the priiuipality uf Wurt7.biir|r, on the
liver Mjinr, tt m k ^'chwelnfurl.

IfaJ/ath, A tuwn of 8uabi4» in Drlf*
jrau, oil the river Kintiigt i4 >n •»>
()cnKciib4ch.

liifltidtik, ft tuwn of I^ower .S ixony.
In the Uitchy uf llriinfivick, neir whi' It
(he French g4iiud a vi^Ii>ry over the
duke uf Cumberland^ in i;;;- It is
5 tn IK lijmeliii,

H<i/fift'(t, a boiouifh in SulTex, gu«
virncd bv a mayor, wit!i a mirket on
Wcdnefday and '^atunl.iy. It i» one of
the CiiKjue l»ortN, .nul hid oiiceaciftle,
now ill ruins. The harbour, foiuu-rly
of much coiiliqiitnce, is now only an
iiidillerint road for fm.ill viH;U. The
(own i« commaiidetl by a Ar<iii^' fort*
ii IS tsvo cliiuclics, ind is a lalhioiiable
watering pl.ice- In 1066, a iiloody
battle «vas fought near this pl.icc, be-
tween II.iniM II of Unglind and
VVilli.im duke of Nor .lamly, in whicli
the forncr htft his life and kingdom;
William, hence funcmcd the Con-
nueror, was liion afitr crownetl king of
England, and iiitroddod a inenior.tblc
epoch in the aiiiialH of tlie country.
HallinKS is re.ited between a hi^li cliff
tovv.ird the (ea, and a high hill toward
the land lide, 14 m K Liwi s, and (>.\
!iii Loiidiin. Lon. o 41 k. lat- 50 52 n.

llntfieU, a town of -MafTachiifets, in
Ilamplhiie county, on the w lide of the
ConneClicut, nearly oppolite Iladh y, to
which place there is a ferry. It is 5 ni
N Northampton.

Untfirid, a town iii Ilcrlfordlh're,
with a market on Thurlday It for-
merly belonged to the biihop of Kly, in
who frp.;lice I'llifabeth relided, and
was thence conduifted, on the «lratlj f)f
Mary, to al(:cnd the throne She pro-
cured the alienation of this nunor •. '.nd
James I exchanged it with ?ir llohcrt
Cecil, afterward carl of Salifliury, for
Theobalds ; and on the lite of the epil-
copal palace, that nobleman built the
m.ignilicent feat called Hatfteld-houfc
It is fcaicd on the river Lea, ao m nn w
London.

llatlurUy, a corporate town in De-
vonlhire, with a market on Fiiday, and
a woollen mauufaclurc ; ieated near the
river Okc, 26 m nw Exeter, and aoi w
by s Lcmdon.

Uattem, a town of Holland, in Od-
derland, feated on the Yflel, 4 m s\v
Zwoll.

//«//^rflj, acapeof N America, which
extends far into the ocean, from the
coafl of N Carolina, in lat. 35 15 n-

Uattingtrtt a town of Weilphalia, in

m

I

flu

■■' I

^1:

t

k

h. rM

'^^

1 '■>

U A V

(lie Count" cf M.rk, featcd on the
Kocr, 17 n« rnb r/uflcMorp.

Hainan, a town and fort of Upper
IIuHf^^ry. fcated on u inuuntaiii, ^8 m
EKK Buda

Uatkfihi. A tiivvn and caftlt^ of Ger-
innny, in Upper Hiirc, capital of a
county of its name It is frated en the
luitr, j; m NNw Mavburp.

llavaiuu acily and Icaport on the
Nw part cf Cuba, 2 m in circum-
fcrencf, I'ld tlic capital of the ifland.
The ho'ifcsare cit'jiant. built of ftone,
and tlic churches are rich and rnngn<fi-
cont- The harbour is capable of con-
taining upward of 100& veHelst and the
tntrancc, fo narrow that only one fhip
can enter at a time, is defended by two
ftrong forts, called the Moro and the
Puntal ; there are alfo many other
forts and platforms, well furniflied with
artillery. Here all the (hips that come
from the Spnnilh fettlcments rendezvous
on their return to Spain. This city
was taken by the Englifti in 176a, but
reftored to the Spaniards in 176,^. In
18 10, it fuffered much damage by a hur-
ricane, followed by an earthquake. It
is leatcd on the w fide of the harbour,
and watered by two branches of the
river Lagida. Lon.Ba z^ w,lat. 23 9 n.

Unvcint, a town in Hampfhire, with
ani.irketon Saturday, 7 m ne Portf-
mouth, and 66 w by s London.

llavelber^, a town of Brandenburg,
in the mark of Pregnitz, leated on the
H.ivel, near its conilux with the Elbe.
Many vcflels for the navigation of the
Kibe arc built here, and great quantities
of wood fent hence to Hamburg. It is
37 m Nw Brandenburg.

HavrfordwejU a borough of Wales,
:md tbo largoit town in Pembrokefhire,
tvitb a market ou Tuefday and Satur-
day. It is a cotinty of itfelf, govern-
ed by a mayor, an^'. has a confiderablc
trade. The aflizc s and county gaol are
kept here ; and it had once a wall and
caftle, now dcmoliilied. The number
cf inhabitants was 2880 in 180 -, and
3093 in 181 1. It is feated on the
I)ougledy> which foon after enters a
creek of Milford haven, 15 m ese St.
David, and 253 w by n London. Lon.
, 5 o w, lat. 51 ;?o N.

Ha'ucrliill, a town of New Hamp-
fhire, chief of Grafton county. It is
fituate on the Connedticut, 33 m n Ha-
nover, and 100 NW Portfmouth. Lon.
7a ^ w, lat. 44 8 N-,

HaverhU'n a town of Maflachufets,
in Eflex county, with two churches,
and -^ bridge over the Merrimac. Some
Teflels are built herej »nd fevcrai are

HAW

employed in the W India trade. It hai
alfo a confiderable inland trade, and a
manufacture of canvas. It is la m w
Newbury Port, at the mouth of the
river, and ?2 N Bofton.

IJaverliill, a town in Suffolk, with a
market on Wednefday, and a manufac-
ture of checks, cottons, and fnnians. It
is 16 m svv Bury, and 59 nu London.

IJaverJlraiu, a town of New York, in
Orange county, on the w fide of Hud-
fon liver, 38 m n New York.

Havre de Grace, a feaport of France,
in the department of Lower Seine, with
a ftrong ciiulcl, a good arfenal, and
ftorehoules for the conftrudtion and
arming of lliips- It is furrounded by
lofty walls, and large ditches filled with
water. The harbour has particular
advantages above all others on the
coaft ; for the water does not begin to
ebb till ne.'.r three hours after the full
tide. This town was bombarded by
the Englifli in 1694 and 1759. It is
fcated at the mouth of the Seine, 45
m w Rouen, and 112 nw Paris. Lon.
o 6 E, lat. 49 29 N.

Havre de Grace, a town of Mary-
land, in Harford county, on the w fide
of the Suliquehana, at the head of Chcfa-
peak bay, 37 m ne Baltimore.

Hattfdn, a town of Suabia, c ip tal of a
lordfliip of the fame name, :n the princi-
pality of Furfleiiburg ; fcated on the
Kintzig, 16 m N Friburg.

Hauterive, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Garonne, fcated
on the Arriege, 10 m b Touloufe.

Hautviliiers, a town of France, in the
department of Marne, with ,1 late rich
abbey, feated on the Marne, 16 m s by
E Khcims.

IJanvarden, a town of Wales, in
Flintfliire, with a market on Saturday,
a confiderable manufatfture of earthen-
ware, and a foundery for cannon. On
a conical eminence between the town
and the river Dee, are the remains of an
ancient cattle. It is 10 m se Flint, and
196 N\v London.

Hawick, a burgage town of Scotland,
in Roxburghfliire, with manufadures
of carpeting, woollen ftockings, and
tape; feated on the Tiviot, 21 m ssw
Kelio, ?,id 47 ssE Edinburg.

Hawkjlmy, a town of New S Wales,
with a fchool and chapel where divine
fervice is performed. It ftands on a river
of the fame name, which annually inun-
dates the adjacent foil, 30 mwNW Syd-
ney.

llavjkjljead, a town in Lancafliirc,
wiLli a market on Monday. Here is a
neat townhoufe, and an excellent fret.

J

ta trade- It hai
nd trade, and a
. It is 12 m w
; mouth of the

I Suffolk, with a
, and a manufac-
, and fuftians. It
CO NU London.
ofNt;w York, in
le w fide of Hud-
I York.

eaport of France,
.owcr Seine, with
50od arfenal, i>nd
conftruftion and
is furrounded by
ditches filled with
ir has particular
U others on the
does not begin to
ours after the full
as bombarded by

and 1759- ^^ '*
, of the Seine, 45
I NW Paris. Lon.

a town of Mary-
mty, on the vv fide
: the head of Chcfa*
i3altimore.
Suabia,cip talofa
name, :n the princi-
ig ; fcated on the
riburg. .

of France, m the
er Garonne, fcated
1 s Touloufe.
vn of France, in the
le, with a late rich
e Manic, 16 m shy

3wn of Wales, in
.arket on Saturday,
Lifa<n:ure of earthen-
y for cannon. On
'between the town
re the remains of an
i lom SE Flint, and

re town of Scotland,
with manufadures
lien ftockings, and
e Tiviot, 21 m bsw
TEdinburg.
Tvn of New S Wales,

;hapcl where divine
, It ftands on a river
fvhich annually inun-
foil, 3omwNwSya-

lown in Lancaihirc,
Monday. Here is a
Indaaacellentfret.

II Ei\

fjiool founded by archliifliop Sandys, 11
native of this place. It i^ 14 m nnvv
Lancaftrr and 267 London.

Jlaiv^-ivatert a laltc in Weftmorland,
3 of Prnrlth, 3 ni lone and half a niilo
ovpi- in lomc pl.iccs. It i.* almoll divid-
ed in the niiddU; by a promontory of
epclofnres, that it confifts of two Ihoets
of water.

//tvy, a town of Wales, in Urcvk-
nocl;(hirc, with a market on Thiirfday,
•ind a manufatflurt; of flannel. It had a
fine caflle, tu)\v dcmolinied ; and about
2 m below is the ruin of Clifford cat-
tle, wh**re fair Rofamond vvas born,
llay is fixated on the Wye, 15 m nu
Brecknock, and 156 w by "^ London.

Haye, a town of France, in the dc-
pirtment of Inch"e and Loire. It is the
birthplace of Dcfcaites, and featcd on
the Creufe, 25 ni b Tours.
Hatjii ; fee (irtj/shayn-
Jlayti ; fee Domingo, St-
Ilazehrouch , a town of France, in the
department ofNord, 18 m w Lille, and
J9 s Dunkirk.

Head/or J, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Galway, 12 m N Galway.

Ilean, a town of Tonquin, ou the
liver Hoti, 20 m sk Cachao, and 6» nw
of the gulf of Tonquin.

Heapt a town in Lancafhire, with
eonfiderable manufaflures. The in-
habitants were 4283 in 180 1, and 5148
ill 18 1 1. It is 2 m sK Bury.

Heaton N$rris, a town in Lancafhire,
noted for its trade and manufadtup's.
The inii.rbitants were 3768 in i8»,, and
523", in 181 1. It is feated on the iNler-
!ey, oppofite Stockport, and 6 m :;se
Mancheflcr.

IhbrideSi or IVeJlern !jlands, a name
?iven to a great number of idands lying
otTdie w coaft of Scotland, and txicnd-
i:ig from the northern extremity of
Lewis, in lat. j8 34., to the finall iiland
ofSanda, on the sf, coaft of Cantyrc, in
lat. 55 2 2. Amoig than are fcvcral
large iflands ; and all of th .*m are al-
lotted to three ftiires on the vv fide of
Scotland : of thefe *hc chief are Lewis,
and its fmaller iflands, which belong to
Rofslhire, except the diftri<5l of Harri^!,
which with N and S Uill, Benbecula,
St. Kilda, Bara, Skye, Raaza, and Eigg,
are attached to Inverncfafliire ; and
Canna, Uum, Muck, ('oll,Tirey, Mull,
Jura, Ifin, and Sanda, belong to Argy'e-
1 Ihire.

Hebrides, Neiv, iflands in the Pacific

ocean, lying between 14 29 and 20 4 s

j lat. and 166 41 and 170 21 ulon. They

Were difcovcrcd by Quiros in i6o6,

Md confidered as part of a fouthcrn

HEI

continent, under the namr of Tierra
Aultralia del Hi'piritti Santo. Bou-
gainville vilittd I hem in 1768, and found
that the land was not connected, but
compofcd of i.'lands, which ht; called
the Great Cyclades. Cook, in 1774,
.nfocrtainvd lin- ciwtpnt aui) fituation of
tli(? whole group, and gave thein the
naniff lliey now b<^ar The princpal
iflands ai>; Tierra del F.fpiritu Santo and
Malllcollo, bcfide levcral of lefi note,
fotMc of which arc fn.m 18 to a ^ leagues
in circuit. In general thfy are high and
mountaiiioua, abounding with wood,
water, and the ul'ual produt*tior.s of Oie
tropical iflands. The inhabitanfs are
of very different appearances at different
iflands ; and are chiefly of a flendcr
make and dark colour, and moftof them
have frizzled hair. Their canoes and
h'»uie8 arc Im-ill, and poorly conltru(SV-
cd ; and, except their arms, they have
Icarccly any manufae'turf, not cvt, tor
clothing. They are, however, hofpita-
ble and goodnaturcd, when not prompt-
ed to a contrary conduift by the jea-
loufylwhich the unufual appearance of
i-nropean vilitors may be fuppofcd to
excit(?.

Ilfbroitt a town of Syria, in Paleftine,
with a Chriftian church, laid to contain
the_ tombs of Abraham and Sarah, to
which the Mohainedans, as well as
Chriftians, come on pilgrimage. Con-
ftantine built a church here, the walla
of which are ftill Handing. It is ij m sw
Jerulidem.

Hebron, a town of the diftridt of
l\Iaine, in Cumberland county, fituatc
on the Little Androl'coggin, 35 ra N by
w Portland.

li^clmgeft, a town .and caftle of
Snabia, which gives name to a branch
of the family of Hohenzollcrn, and is
the refidence of the prince. It is I'cated
on the Starzel, 4 m n Hohenzollern.

HechoJ'oa, a town of New Spain, in
Sonora, feated on the Hiaqui, 25 m from
its mouth in the gulf of Caiiforniai and
44 Nw Guitivii,.

Haloy Mount; fee Iceland.

Jledemora, a town of Sweden, in Da-
lecarlia, with a manufadurc of gun-
powder ; fcated on the Dahl, 30 m sse
iahlun.

Hedon, a borough in E Yorklhire, go-
v::rned by a mayor, with a market on
Thurfday ; feat< d on a creek of the
Humbcr, 6 na e Hull, and 182 n by w
Londoji.

iherennjeen, a town of Holland, in
Friefland, 17 ms by e Lt-wnrden.

Hddelbergt a city of Germany, in
the circle of Lower Rhine, with a ccJe-

mm

li

MEl

Vated univerfity. It has mamifadlures
of woollen ftiiffa, carpets, filk (lockings,
relvci, and foap. It was the capital of
the palatinate, and celebrated for a
great tun, which held 800 hogfheads ;
biit it has undergone fo many calamities
by war and Are, that it is not To large
as formerly. The protcftant electoral
houfe becomingextindt in 169')) a bloody
war enfued, in which the caille was
ruined, and the eleflor removed his re-
iidence to Manheim. The French took
pofll'flion of thin town in i8oo, and in
1803 it wj(8 given lo the eledlor of
Baden. It is leated on the Neckar,
ov«'r which is a bridge, ij m se Man-
hfim, and 5z s Frankfort. Lon. H 38
t, lat. 49 21 N.

Heideibergy a town of Pennfyivania,
in Dauphine county, with two German
churches, 7,^ m e by n Harrifburg,
jind 74 WNW Philadelphia.

Heila, a town of W Pruffia, oppofite
the mouth of the Viftula, on a headland
that projc^s into the Baltic, 26 m N
Dnntzic.

Heilbron, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemburg. It is a hand*
lome place, fituate in a country yield-
ing good wine, and derives great advan-
tages from its baths. It ftands on the
Neckar, 25 m n Stutgacd.

Heilbrunn, a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Anfpach, with a me-
dicinal fpring, 10 m ENE Anfpach.

Heilgolandf or Heiligeland, an ifland
in the German ocean, 9 m in circuit,
ne^irly oppofite the mouths of theEyder,
Elbe, and Wefer, belonging to Den-
mark. It has one of the mod important
lighthoufes in Europe, and pilots are
taken on board here by velTels going up
either of the three rivers. The inhabit-
ants, not lefs than 2ooo,fubfi(l chiefly on
fifli and vegetable food/ The houfes arc
built in parallel ftreets, the afcent from
the lower to the upper being effected
by a wooden ftaircafe of 191 fteps.
Thcfe fteps arc fo formed that a cow
can be driven up ordown them, but not
a carriage of any fort is ufed. In iRo/
this ifland was feized by Ihe Britiih.
Lon. 8 25 I, lat. 54 8 n.

He'tligenbeiU a town of Prullia, in the
province of Natangen, famous for fine
beer and white bread ; feated on a fmall
river, which foon after enters the Frifch
HaflF, 3a m sw Konigfl>erg.

Heil'tgenbergi a town of Suabia, in the
principality of Furftenburg, 12 m nne
Conitance.

Heiligenhafeny a town of Lower Saxony,

in Holfi^ein, feated on the Baltic, oppo-

ttstbciflaodof Femeren»4omN Lube«

II EL

lleiligenfladti 1 town of Lower Sax-
ony, capital of the territory of Eichfeld,
with a caftlc and a college. It is feated
at the conflux of the Geifland with the
Leina, 17 m se Gottingen. Lon. 10 i*

K, lat. 51 22 N.

Ueiljbergt a town of Pruflia, in the
province of Ermeland. In 1703, Char ki
XM of Sweden fixed here his head
qiinrrers. It is feated on the Alia, 45
m s Koniglberg. Lon. 20 30 u, lat. 54
4 N.

fielder, a town of N Holland, w., h a
ftrdiig fort that defends the entrance of
the Texel. In 1799 the fort was taken
by the Englifli, and the whole of the
Dutch fleet lying in the Texel fur-
rtn Jered to them, for the fervicc of the
prince of Orange; the Englilh aban-
doned the fort loon afterward. It it;
fituate on the n w point of the province,
oppofite the w end of Texel ifland, J4

Si

m N Alcmaer. Lon. 4 34 e, lat.

o N.

Helena, St. an ifland in the Atlantic
ocean, 37 m in circuit, belonging to the
Engliih E India company. Jt lies be.
tween the continents of Africa and S
America, about 1200 m w of the former,
and 1800 E of the latter ; and was dif.
covered by the Portuguefe, in 1502,011
St. Helena day. Afterward, the Dutch
were in pofleflion of it till 1600, when
they were expelled by the Englifh. In
1673, the Dutch retook it by furprife;
but it was foon after recovered. It has
fome high mountains, particularly one
called Diana Peak, which is covered
with wo<«d to the very top. There are
other hills alfo, which bear evident
marks of a volcanic origin ; and foms
have huge rocks of lava and a kind of
half vitrified flags. The chief incon-
venience to which the ifland is fubjeA
is want of rain ; but it is far from being
barren, the interior valleys and little
hills being covered with verdure, and
interfperfed with gardens, orchards, and
various plantations. There are alfo
many paftures, filled with cattle and
flieep; goats and poultry are likewife
numerous. The inhabitants do not ex-
ceed 3000, including 500 foldiers and
1600 blacks, who are fupplied with
corn and manufactures by the com-
pany's fliipe, in return for refreftimenti.
The town, called Jameftown, is fituate
at the bottom of a bay on the s fide of the
ifland, between two deep mountains}
and is well defended by forts and bat»
tcries. Lon. 5 49 w, lat. 15 55 s.

JlfleMy St. a village in Hampfliire, at
the E end of the ifle of Wight, a m ne
Brading. It has a bay or road of con-

wn of Lower Sax-
rritory of Eiclifcld,
ollege. It is feated
Geifland with the
ingen. Lon. to i*

of PrulTi.i, in the

d. In i703,Chark'i

ed here his hcail

ted on the Alia, 4^

<on. 20 30 E, lat. 54

N Holland, wl,.h a
:nd8 the entrance of
i) the fort was taken
d the whole of the

in the Tcxel fur-
or the fervicc of the
the Englifh aban-
)n afterward. It h
oint of the province,

of Ttxel idand, 14
on. 4 34 E, lat. 5j

land in the Atlantic
:uit, belonging to the
impany. It lies be-
nts of Africa and S

00 m w of the former,
latter ; and was dif'
rtuguefe, in 1502,00
Afterward, the Dutch
of it till 1600, when
d by the Englilh. In
retook it by furprifej
ter recovered. It hat
lins. particularly one
ik| which is covered
verj' top. There are

which bear evident
nic origin; and foms
of lava and a kind of
I. The chief incon-

1 the idand is ful)jedt
lut it is far fronn being
lor valleys and little
ed with verdure, and
l^ardens, orchards, and
ns. There are alfo
illed with cattle and
: poultry are likewife
inhabitants do not ex-
ding 500 foldiers and
10 arc fupplied with
adturcs by the com-
iturn for refrcfhmenti.
i Jameftown, is fituate
bay on the s fide of the
two fteep mountains}
ided by forts and bat-
5 w, lat. 15 55 s.
lage in Hamplhire, «t
ne of Wight, amNS
I a bay or road of con-

HEL

flderable note as a rendezvous for (hips
that are outward bound and kept oack
by wefterly winds.

HeUnst St. a village in Lancafhire, 3
m NE Prefcot. Ii> and near it are a
variety of manufadures ; particularly an
extenlive copper work, and a ftill larger
one, at Raveiihead, for catling platc-
glafs. The Sankey canal begins at the
(Toal mines here, and takes a circuitous
courfe by Newton to the Merfcy, below
Warrington.

Ueiter, St. the capital of the idand of
Jcrfey, with a caftle, harbour, .^nd ftrong
pier, in the bay of St. Aubin. The town
ilands at the e extremity of a long and
rocky hill, and is neatly built. It has a
commodious and elegant market, lately
erected; and at the top of the old mar-
ket-place, now the fquarc, is the ftatue
of George 11. In the church, where
prayers aie read alternately in Englifh
and French, is a public monument to
the memory of major Picrfon, who fell
here in the mo.iieni of vidory: fee Jcr'
fey. In the bay, a little e ot the town,
is the fma'l iUe of St. Hclier. which
took its name from Elerius, or Helier, a
holy man who lived here, and wao flain
by the pagan Normans. His cell, with
the ftone bed, is ftil! (hown among the
rocks; and in memory of him a noble
abbey was founded. On th^. fite of this
abbey now ftands Elifabeih caftle, the
rcfidence of the governor and garrifon
of Jcrfey. It occupies the whole idand,
which is near a mile in circuit, and is
furroundod by the fea at every half flood ;
and hence, at low water, is a palTage to
the town, called the Bridge, half a mile
long, formed of fand and ftones. The
town of St. Hclier contains about 800
houfes, moftly diops, and above 4000 in-
habitants. It has manufadures of woollen
ftockings and caps, and a confiderable
tradein the Newfoundland tidiery. Lon.

4 10 W, lat. 49 II N.

Heliopolis, or Materea, a village of
,^Eypti 4 m E N E Cairo, where the French
gained a decifive vidlory over the Turks
in 1800. Here is a celebrated fpring of
frefli water, faid to be the only one in
Egypt ; and, according to tradition, the
Holy Family came here on their flight
from Herod, and bathed the child Jefus
in this fountain.

HelUhi or lUllaht a town of Afiatic
Turkey, in Irak, fituate on both fldes
of the Euphrates, with a bridge of com-
munication. It is fuppofed to ftand on
partofthe fite of the ancient Babylon, of
which the ruins extend feveral miles
around. The vicinity is fo covered with
fruit trees, particularly palmi, that the

II EL

town appears ai if ieated in a wood. It
is 70 m t Hagdad.

JffJ/xate, a llrait near the w end of
Long idand found,8 m to.the n n e of New
York. It is narrow and crooked, with
a bed of rocks extending quite acrofs,
which caufe whirlpools and a iremend-
ous roaring at certain times of the tide i
but, at proper times of the tide, ihip!> of
any b^irdcn may be conducted ihrungh
thU ftrait by a fkilful pilot.

Ilelmerjhaujin, a town of Germany,
in Lower HelFe, on the river Diemcl, ao
m N Cadel.

llelmont, a town of Dutch Brabant,
with a ftrong cattle, ft-ated on the Aa,
17 m SE Bois le Due.

Utlmjdaley a river of Scotland, which
ifl'ues from feveral mountain-lakes in
Sutherlanddiire, and rolls over its rocky
bottom to the Oril of Caithnels. At ita
mouth in the German ocean is a good
i'almon (ifhery.

Helmjlet/, a town in N Yorkthire,
with a market on Saturday. It has the
rem.iins of u caftle, and is llaied on the
Rye, ao m N York, and ai8 .v by w
London.

Helmjladt, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Brunl'wick, with a uni-
verfity, aa m ne Brunfwick.

Helfingburg, a town of Sweden, in
Schonen, feated on the Sound, nearly
oppttfite Elfinore, to which there is a
ferry. Here an; mmufadureo of ri-
bands, hat6, and boots ; and in the vici-
nity is the only coal mine in Sweden.
It is 5 m NK Elfinore, and 3a nw Lund.
Lon. I a 40 E, lat. 56 3 n.

Helftngfors, a feaport of Sweden, in
Finland, and the chief town in the pro-
vince of Nyland. It his a commodious
harbour in the gulf of Finland, and an
immcnfe fortrels called Svcaborg, built
on leven Imall idands, three of which
communicate by bridges. It is 1 10 m
ESE Abo. Lon. as 6 e, lat. 60 10 n.

llelfingiat or Hel/mgland, a province
ofSwedcn.inNordlunci,: 10 m in length,
between Dalecarlia and the gulf of Both-
nia, and from 50 to 80 iu breadth. It
has extenfive forells and many iron
mines. The chief articles of trade are
iron, flax, linen, tallow, butter, tar,
deal, and timber. Ttie principal town
is Hudwickfwald.

lleljlont a borough in Cornwall, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market on
Monday. It ftands on the river Loe,
near its entrance into Mount b^y, anr
is one of the towr.s appointed for th«
coinage of tin. A little below it is a
harbour, where veflels take in their
lading. It is 1 1 m sw Falmcuth, and

ill* ' HI

■MBi

h-

»74 w by s London. Lon. 5 15 t, lat.
50 a •-'.'

Jlel'.'ftia; fee Swifferland-

lleivtetjluj/h it itr>ng ff.iport of S
Holland, on tlic idind of Voorn. Hen;
Ibinc of the Dutch mf-n of war an* laid
up in ordinary ; and it if th>' ^ciu'ral
port for the Knglilli packits from Har-
wich. It is 7 m s by w Uriel. Lon. 4

O K, lat. 5 I 4i N.

Hemmenduvf, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, in the duchy of Brunfwick, litunte
on the Saal, 12 m R Hamelin.

HempjUad. or Hemel Hemjled, a cor-
porate town in Hi rtfordihire, with a
market on Thurl'day ; fcated anion},'
hills, on the river Gadc-, iK ra w Hert-
ford, and 23 NW London.

Hems, a city ofSyrii, furroundfd by
Walls 3 m in circuit ; but the prefcnt
buildings only take up about a quarter
of the area in the nw quarter. To the
s ot the town '.< a Kirgc ruined caftle, on
a high round mount, faced with ftoni>.
It is fcatfd on a fmall river, which runs
into the Orontcs, 95 m s Akppo. Lon.
37 70 E, lat. 34 25 N.

Ueniir-tcheou, a city of China, I'f the
firft rank, in the province ofHou quang.
Thft chief manufadlurc ia paper. It is
feated on the river lieng, 840 ra ssw
Peking. Lon. 1 1 1 40 e, lat. a6 30 n.

llenlei/t a town in Oxfordlhue, go-
verneil by a ii-iyor, with a market on
Wcdnefdciy, Friday, and Saturday. The
church is a large ancient building, but
the houfes arc modern and the ftrccts
fpacious. Tlie principal trade is in corn,
flour, malt, and beech wood. It is
feated on the Thames, over which is a
ftone bridge, 24 m sl Oxford, and 35
w London.

Uenleyy or Henley in Arden, a town in
Warwickihire, with a market on Tuef-
day ; feated on the Abe, 15 m .s by k
Birmingham, and loi www London.

Henneberg, a town of Upper Saxony,
in i. county of the fame name. Some
ruins of the caftic of its ancient counts
are yet to be feen . It is 4 m .ss w Mein-
ungen.

Ileanebon, a town of France, in the
department of MorLihan, with a great
trade in corn, iron, honey, &c. It is
feated on the Blavet, 22 m j^jw Vannes.

Uenrichemonty a town of France, in
the department of Cher, feattd on the
Saudre, 15 m nne Bonrges.

Henry, Cape, the s cape of Virginia,
at the entrance of Chefapeak bay, 14 m
to the ssw of Cape Charles. Lon. 76 o
w,lat.37 I N.

Heppenheim, a town of Germany, in

HER

till! circle of Lf>wer Rhine, fitur.tc on
th- Li/b,ich, J 2 m v. Heidelberg.

Ilfmkit ; fee Erekli

Herat, a city of IVrlin, the largrft in
Chorjfan, of which it was formerly the
capital. It covcis an area of 4 liju-ne
miles, is encomp.ini-d by a lotty wall
and wet ditch, and h.i6 a ilrong citadel.
The governor is an Afgan prince, who
p.iys a tiibute to the king of Perlia.
The ci»y h:i3 littl* |:round unoccupied,
and is ellim.iti'd to contain 100,000 iii-
hal)iiantt;. The itaple commodities are
fillc, fafrp.jn, and afi^ldetida, which ore
fcnL to Ilindooflan ; and it is the empo-
rium c>f the trade earried on between
Cabul, Bokharia, IIindo(;ltan, and iVr-
fla. The environs produce excelli nt
fruit ; and rolirs arc in inch plenty, tlist
it is called Surgult/ar, or the City ot
Rnfea. It is fituate on the Herirood, at
the s extremity of a rich and extcnlive
plain, 300 m st Mcfchcd. Lon. 60 50
F., lat. 34 20 N.

Heratilt, a department of France, fo
named from a river which runs into the
gulf of Lyon. It includes part of the
late province of Languedoc ; and the
capital is Montpellier.

lierbemont, a. town of the Nether-
lands, in Luxemburg, with a caftle on a
mountain, near the river Scmoy, 3 m
WNW Chiny.

Herborn, a town of Germany, in the
circle of Upper Rhine, with a celebrated
Calvinift academy, and manufactures of
iron i ii?atcd on the Dillc, R m sse Dil-
lenburg.

Herculanettm, an ancient city of V^-
pies, totally overwhelmed by an erup-
tion of Mount Vefuvius, in the begin-
ning of the reign ot emperor Titus. In
J 689 and 171 1, fomething of this city
was diftovcied ; and from 1738 to the
prcfent time, n learches being frequent-
ly made by digging, a great number of
manuicripts, paintings, ftatues, bufts,
domclbc utenfils, inftruments of huf-
bandry, &c. have been found. The
village of Portici now ftands on part of
its fite.

Hereford, the capital of Hereford-
fhire, and a bifliop's fee, with a market
on Wcdneiday, Friday, and Saturday.
The city is governed by a mayor, and
its chief manufacture is gloves. The
caftle, part of the walls, and three of
the lix gates arc deitroyed- It has fuiir
churches bcfidc the cathedral, fevcral
me eting-houfei for diflenters, and a free-
fchool endowed with fome exhibitio.ns
at each of the univerfities. In I786>
the w tower of the cathedral fell dowri}

R

Rhine, fitur.ttoii
ilcidclbcrg.
■//

erli.i, tbe larprft In

it was formerly the

in nrea of 4 rqiMH'

cd by a lolty wall

h.iii a ftrorig citailcl.

Afgan prince, who

lie king of Pcrlia.

round unoccupied,

contain 100,000 in-

le commoditifR are

iluetida, wliich are

and it is the empo-

arried on hctwoen

iidocltan, and Pcr-

produce cxcollnit

in iuch plenty, tlist

/ar, or the City of

OP the Hcrirood, ;it

rich and extenlive

fchcd. Lon. 60 50

tment of France, fo
which runs into the
ncludcs part of the
angufdoc ; and the
cr.

wn of the Nether-
g, with a caftle on a
: river Scmoy, 3 m

of Germany, in the
ne, with a celebrated
and manufa^^tures of
: Dille, R m ssEDiU

ancient city of Ni-
helmed by an erup-
Livius, in the begin-
cmperor Titus. In
nething of this city
id from 1738 to the
chcs being frequrnt-
',, a great number of
ngs, ftatues, bufts,
inftrumcnts of huf-
been found. The
)w ftands on part of

ipitai of Hereford-
s fee, with a market
iday, and SaLurday.
:d by a mayor, and
ure is gloves. The
walls, and three of
Itroyed. It has four
le cathedral, fevcral
liflenters, and a free-
th feme exhibitions
verfities. In I786>
cathedral fell dowp,

HER

but It has been rebuilt The number of
inhabitants was 6ti:H in tSoi, and 7306
in 18 i I. It is feated on the Wye, over
whicli is an ancient ftone bridge, 24 m
Wbw Worccfter,and 1.35 www London.
Lon. a .15 w, lat- 5* 4 n.

llerefordjhirey A county of England,
bounded on tiie u by Gloucfdcrfliire
and Worccfterfliirc, n by Shroplhire,
w by Uadnorftiirc and Brecknockfhire,
and 8 by Monmouthfhire. It i8 40 m
long and 35 broad, containing 611,440
acres; is divided into 11 hundreds, and
aso parilhes ; has one city and fcven
market-town» ; and lt;nds eight members
to parliament. The number of inhabit-
ants was 89,191 in iKoi, and 94,073 in
j8i !■ The foil is exceedingly lich, pro-
ducing excellent corn, hops, and fruit,
as is evident from the Lcominftcr brc.ul,
Weobly ale, and Herefordlhire cider.
The apples producing the cider grow
in greater abundance here than in any
other county, being plentiful even in
the hedge-rows, rhe cattle of Herc-
fordftiire are deemed thefupcrior bn;cd
in this illand. The fliecp are fmall, af-
fording a fine filky wool. The principal
rivers are the Wye, Munnow, and Lug.

Herencia, a town of Spain, in New
Caftile, 48 m sk Toledo.

//<Tf«Ma/j, a town of the Netherlands,
in Brabant, on the river Nethc, 20 m nc
Lou vain.

Herford, or Herforden, a town r^
Weftphalia, in the county of Ravenl-
berg, with a nunnery, belonging to the
proteftants of the confeflion of Augf-
burg. It has a trade in ale and linen,
and 13 feated on the Werra, at the in-
flux of the Aa, jo m sw Minden.

Ueri, an ifland in the Indian ocean,
a m N Nw Ternate- It is not more than
* m in circumference, but very fertile
and well inhabited.

Jlericour, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Saone, 11 m se
Lure, and 23 e Vefoul.

Heri/au, a town of Swiflferland, in the
canton of Appenzel, with manufactures
of fine linen and muflin, la m nw Ap-
penzel.

lierijiali a town of the Netherlands,
in the territory of Liege, with a caftle,
feated on the Meul'e, 3 m n Liege.

Heriuru, a town of Hindooftan, in
Myfore, feated on the Vedawati, aa m
WNW Sera.

lleri, a town of the Netherlands, in
the territory of Liege> en a river of the
fanne name, near its conflux with the
Demer, a m w Maeftricht.

Heriemer, a town of New York, chief
•f a county of the fame Dame. It is

H ER

fituatc on the n fide of Mohawk river,
ao m PK Whiteftown, and 80 wnw
Albany.

UermanJJadtt 3 ftrong city, capital of
Tranl'ylvania, and a bilhop's fee. It has
a large church, built by Maria Thcrefa,
with .1 globe and fteeple not eafily
defcribed. In the great fquare is the
houfe of the governor, in the beft Ger-
man ftyle, containing many good pic-
tures. It is feated on the Cebcn, 230 m
KSE Buda. Lon. 34 ?6 k, lat. 45 43 n.

Hnrmbach, a town of France, in the
department of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the duchy of Juliera, 17 ms Juliers.

Uermjladtt a town of Silefia, in the
principality of VVoIau, on the river
Bartch, lo m nw Trachenbcrg.

Herngrundy a town of Upper Hun-
gary, feated among mountains, with rich
mines of copper, 58 m n byK Schcmnitz,

Jiern/iut/i, a village in Luiatia, 6 m
NNw Zittau. It wjs founded in 1723,
by iome perfccuted Moravian brethren
in the fields '"^longing to count Zin-
zendorf, who ihey confidcred as their
biihop and father ; and they were for
fome time called Hernhuthers, as this
place continued their principal nurfcry,

ilernoj'andy a leaport of Sweden, ca-
pital of Angermania, and a bifhop's fee*
The principal trade is in linen. It ig
fituate on an ifland in the gulf of Both-
nia, which is joined to the continent by
a bridge, 240 m n by w Stockholm.
Lon. 17 53 E, lat. 6a 38 N.

Heroldjbtrfr^ a town of Franconia, in
the territory of Nuremberg, 7 m nne
Nuremberg.

Herrieden, a town of Franconia, in the
principality of Aichftadt, with a col-
legiate church, fituute on the Altmuhl, 5
m sw Anfpach.

Herjhruci, a town of Franconia, ia
the territory of Nuremberg, noted for
excellent hops and ftrong beer ; Icated
on the Pregnitz, 16 m li Nuremberg.

Hntford, a town of N Carolina, chief
of Gates county. It ftands on the w
fide of the Perquimons, a water of Al-
bemarle found, 14 m ne Edenton, and
ab ESE Winton.

Hertfordj or Hartford, a borough and
the capital of Hertfordfhire, with a mar-
ket on Saturday. It is feated on the Lea,
which is navigable for barges, as it wag
once for.fliips. In 879, the Danes ereit-
ed two forts here, for the fecurity of
their Ihips ; but Alfred turned the courfe
of the river, io that their veflels were left
on dry ground. Edward, the eldeft fon
of Alfred, built a caftle here, yvhich has
been often a royal refidence. The town
is 'governed by a mayors and had for-

l;f

1 1

■^: : i

1111

■

'''«

r /SiB

r 'Sm

' 'i' ;i

m

' ' 'M

' !i^ H

ti; ;'-pial

Kmi

^'^"mmm

:^'pH

' ilf ImW'

' ' i^'IH

L:«|

IKm^h

Si <^ ^SskM^^^^^^^^H

|>^'^ 1'^ jH^^^H

■ ' * Tlil^^^B

Ki^M^H

II K S

mctly five diurche^. but now only ivvo.
Ilcrt' is a fine hofpital belonging to
Child's hofpital m London; alfoa no-
ble fliire hall, and a large county jjaol.
'J'lie numbcT of inhabitants was ^5360 in
iRoi, aixl 39or> in 1811. About a mile
to the K is a bafin of water called Chad-
well, whiuh is th« head fpring of the
New Kivcr. Hertford is ai m N Lou-
don. Loll. 01 1:, lat. 51 50 N.

Ilertfonijhirf, a county of Knpland,
bounded on th«.' nw by Bcdfordfliiro, n
by Cimbiicli,'efliir»', k by Kflex, s by
Middlc'd'X, and w by Bnckinghamlhire.
It is j,6 m long and i8 broad, contain
ing 385,280 acres; is divided into eight
hundreds, and 134 parifbcs ; has 19
market-towns ; and fends fix mi'mliers
to parliamrnl. The number of inhabit-
ants wan 97»577 in iSoi.and 1 1 1,654 iii
18 r I. Tlie N part is hilly, forming a
fcattfrcd part of the chalky ridge which
oxKMuls acrofs the kingdom in this di-
redion, A numl)tr of clear ftrcams take
tlieir rile from this fide. Flint ftones
are foattered in great profulion over the
face of tills county } and beds of chalk
:iro frequently to be met witb. The
foil, luiwcver, with the aid of proper
culturf. is favorable to wheat and bar-
ley, wliich come to as great pcrfodtion
berc as in any part of the kingdom.
The w pnrt is, in general, a tolerable
lich foil, and under excellent cultivation.
The principal rivers are, the Lea, Stort,
and Coin, and the artificial one called
the New River.

IlertxlhT^, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the principality of Grubenhagen,
with mannfaiflures of arms and iron
tools ; feated near the Hartz mountain,
J 7 m ssw Gofl;ir.

llertzberg, a town of the duchy of
Saxony, with a trade in faltpetre, wool,
and cloths; leated on the Elfter, 14 m
NNE Torg.HU.

Ilerve, a town of theNetherhnds, in
the duchy of Limburg, 9 m wnw Lim-
burg.

Jltrxgovina^ a fortified town of Turk-
ifh Dilmatin, capita', of a duchy of the
fame name, anrl the refideuce of .iTurk-
ifh governor. It is 80 m ssw Belgrade.
Ilrfdif!, a ftroiig town of Frsncp, in
the departirent of Pas de ("alnis, feated
on the Canche, la m s£ Mon'ircuil.

il.-Jfd^ a country of Germany, in the
circle < t Upper Rhine; bouirlcd on the
N liy llie principality of P<)derboni and
duchy of B>unfwick, i'. by Thuiirgia, s
by Fiildaaud VVetteravia.anii v. by V\ < ft-
erwald, the dueiiy of VVtdphalia. and
county of Waldeck- It is divided into
Upper and Lower Ileflc : the latter,

HIE

which ic the northern part, lies on the
rivers Werra, Fulda, »Schwalm. Dieme),
and Wefrr, and is fubjcd to lleiro-Caf-
sel ; and the former, or fouthern part,
lies on the Lahn, awd belongs prin-
cipally to I Lfft'Darmftudr 'Itielif are
the two principal branches of ihe hoiili?
of Heire, and each otthem has thi: title
of landgrave. This country is fur-
lounded by woods and mountains, in
which are mines of iron and copper. In
the middle are fine plains, fertile in
corn and pallure ; and there Is plenty of
honey and all forts of fruit. Hops are
likewife cultivated, which fcrve to make
excellent beer ; and birch-trees are very
common, from the fap of which a deal
of wine is made.

Iltiikeluni, or I/oeke/un, a town of S
Holland, feated on the Linghe, 5 m nk
Gorcum.

Ueufden, a (Irong town of S Holland,
feated on the Meuff, with a cuftlc. It
is 8 m NW Hois le Due.

Jhx/invt, <itovin in Northumo rland,
with a market on Tuclday, and a trade
in tanned leather, fhoes, and gloves. It
had formerly a famous abbey, fomc
parts of which yet remain. Near this
place, in 1463, was a buttle between the
houfeb of York and Lancaftcr, in which
the latter was defeated. Hexham is
feated on the river Tyne, 22 m w New-
calUe, and 285 nnw London.

lleijdetiheimt a (own of Suabta, in the
duchy of Wirtemburg, with a caftle on
the river Brenz, 16 m nne Ulm.

Ueyd'm^ifddi a town of Franconia, on
the river Maine, 3ms Wurtzburg.

Heymertfen, a town of France, in the
department of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the eledorate of Cologne. j fituateon
the ErfFt, II m s Cologne.

Heytfjluryy a borough in Wiltfliirc,
which has now no market, feated on the
Willy, ao m WNW Salifbury, and 91 w
by s London.

Jliantev. ; fee Emouy.

ii'tdeljheimt a town of France, in the
department of Sarre, lately of Germany,
in the eledlorate of Treves. It has a
fortified caftle and convent, and is feated
on the Eiffel, 38 m n Treves.

lliehncr^ a lake of Sweden, lying be-
tween the lakes Wenner and Maelar.
It is 36 m long, and 8 broad in the mid-
dle, but in general is much narrower, its
outlet at the e end flows by FfkilHuna
and Torfhalla to the lake Maeler.

lliera, a town of France, in the de-
partmt nt of Var, feated near the Medi-
terranean fca ; but its harbour being
choked up, it is now much decayed.
IL is 14 m K T0UI09.

part, lies on the
cluvalm, Dit-mel,
jc(it to IleircCaf.
or fouthcrn part,
»>.l belones prin-
ftiidt. 'I heir are
;iche« of tlx' hoiifh
Ihcm has tht: title

country is fur-
nd mountains, in
>ii and copper. In

plains, icrtile in
J ther«'is ulcniy of

fruit. Hops are
hich fcrve to make
irch-trces are very
ip of which a deal

elun^ a towti of S
e Linghe, 5 m nb

awn of S Holland,
, with a caftlc. It
ic.

Northumu rland,
leUluy, and a trade
les, and gloves. It
10U8 abbey, Ibme
emain. Near thii
buttle between the
l.anca(ler, in which
ated. Hexham is
^ne, a» m w New-
London.

n of Snabia, in the
g, with a caftle on
n NNE Ulm.
vnofFranconia,on
s Wurtzburg.
n of France, in the
lately of Germany,
olognc; fituateon
ogne.

ugh in Wiltfliirc,
irket, feated on the
alifbury, and 92 w

uy.

of France, in the
ately of Germany,
Treves. It has a
nvent, and is feated
Treves.

Sweden, lying be-
enner and Maelar.
t{ broad in the mid-
iich narrower. Its
lows by Eikilfluna
lake Maeler.
France, in the d«-
ed near the Medi-
its harbour being
w much decayed.

IlIL

Wtereu a cluftci of iflands in the Me-
diterranean, on the coaft of Fance, op-
polite the town of Ilieres. The four

t)rincipal ones are called Potqucrollo'i,
'ortcrosi, Bagueau, and Titan, which
lalt is the lirgcft. Between thefe iflands
and the continent is thf road of Ilieres,
which is lb capacious and excellent that
it has afforded flielter for large fqua-
drons. It is defended by three forts.
li'wro ; fee I'erro.

Iliejmejy a town of I'rance, in the de-
partment of Ornc, feated on a barren
mouniain, 10 m from Seez, and 90 w
I'aris.

JJifj/iam /vrr^rj, a borough in North-
amptonflitre, gov«-rncd by a mayor, with
a market on Saturday. It had formerly
a cadle, now in ruins ; and is feated on
the lide of a hill, by the river Nen, 25 m
ESK Coventry, and 6j nnw London.

lligligatey a village in Middlcfcx, feat-
ed on a hill, 4 m n by w London. Here
lord chief baron Cholmondely built a
frecfchool in 1562, which was enlarged,
in 1570, by Sandys, bilhop of London,
who alfo added a chapel.

Highiuorth, a town in Wiltlhire, go-
▼erned by a mayor, with a market on
Wednefday ; feated ( n a hill, in a rich
plain, 36 m N Salilbi 7, and 77 V' Lon-
don.

Higuey, a town of St. Domingo, with
a handfome and rich church, in which
is the fhrine of a miraculous virgin,
much vifited in pilgrimage. It is fituate
near the mouth of a river of the iame
name, 90 m e by n St. Domingo. Lon.
6H 30 w, lat. 18 30 N.

Uilburghaufen, a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in the principality of Coburg- The
dukeofSaxe-Hilburghaufen hasapahce
here. It is feated on the Werra, 18 m
NNW Cobnrg.

Hilde/heimt a city of Lower Saxony,
capital of a principality of the fame
name. It was lately an imperial city,
and a bilhop's fee It is divided into
the old and new town, and feated on
the Irnefte, 17 m sse Hanover. Lon.
10 3 E, lat. 5a 9 N.
Uillahi keJIelleh.
Hiljborought an inland diftriifl of N
Carolina, comprehending the counties
of Granville, Pearfon, Cafwell, Orange,
Wake, Chatham, and KanJulph.

Hiljboroughy a town of N Carolina, in
Orange county, capital of the diftridt of
its name. It (tands on the n fide of the
£no, which unites with the Little and
Flat rivers, and forms the Neus, 17 m
below the town. It is 35 m nvv Ralegh.
Lon. 79 15 w, lat. 36 a n.
Biljhoroughy a borough of Ireland, in

IIIN

the county of Down, with a manii*
failure of muflins, 24 m nne Newry.

Ilinifnale/i, a chain of mountains in
Afia, which extends from Cabul along
the N of Hindooftan, and is the general
boundury of Tibet, through the whole
extent from the Ganges to the river
Tefta ; enclofing between it and Hin-
dooftan, a trait of country from ico to
iKo u\ ill breidth, divided into a num-
ber of finall (\ate8, which are undcrftood
to be either tributaries or feudatories of
Tibet; fiich as Sirinagur, Napaul, &:c.
This ridge is precilely that defigned by
the ancients, under the names of Imaus
and the Indian Caiicafiis. The natives
call it Hindoo- ko (the Indian mountains)
as well as Himmaleh ; which laR is a
Sanfcrit word, fignifying fnoruiy; its
fummit being covered with fnow.

Mine hlnbr 00k Ijle, one of the New
Hebrides, in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
16IJ 38 E, lat. 17 25 s.

Ilinckleyy a town in Leicefterflure,
governed by a mayor, with a market on
Monday. It has a large church, with a
lofty fpire; and had formerly a caftle
and walls, traces of which are Hill tu be
feen. Here is a confiderable manufac-
ture of common ftocklngs. The num-
ber of inhabitants was 5070 in 1801, and
5386 in iBti- It is feated on an emi-
nence, 12 m sw Lcicefttr, and 99 nnw
London.

liinrielopfn, a town of Holland, in
Friefland, ioated on the Zuiderzee, ai
m ssw Lewarden.

Hindia, a town of Hindooftan, capi-
tal of a country of the fame name, in
Candeifh. It is fituate on the Ner-
hudda, 90m NNE Burhanpour. Lon.
77 10 R, lat. 22 .15 N.

llinloperiy Cape, a capeofN America,
on the s fule ot the mouth of the Dela-
ware- Lon. 75 2 v\ , lal. 38 47 n.

JhndoihA b(n-ough in Wiltlhire, with
a market on Thurfday, 20 m w Salif-
bury, and 97 w by s London.
ilindoo-kt ; fi;e Uimmaleh'
Uindcnftant or Indian a region of Afia,
which cuinprifes all the countiies be-
tween the mountons of Tartary and

Tibet on the
Cafi'iy oil the

Baotan, AITim, and
the Indian ocean on

the s, and ihe lanie ocean and Perfia on
t'le w. Biit this countiy muft hv con-
fidered uiiJer the- three grand divifions
of Hindooftan Pnper, the Dccc-in, and
the Peiiiiiiula. Hiiidonft.in Piupcr in-
cludes the provinces of Bengal, Baha,
and all thofe th.it lie to the \m>\0\ .;f the
river Nerbii^M.i; the principal of winch
are Agmeie, .A;:r.i, Ai .i''alnd, C ih-
meie, Delhi, Guztrai, L.iliore, Mal'f.^,

. r:J

)\

Ijt »'l

Y-

#1

MoulUii, Oiiitc, Kohilciind, Siiuly.
'J'lic Dcccaii lus bofii cxtnid»-d to tl i*
whole ti'gion s of Hiiiilond.Mi Prujx i ;
but in itit iiiofl rLllritfk'd lend; it mriiiia
only the ('onntrii'K litii.itc between llin-
• loiillaii Piopcr and ihe river Kiltn.i;
tlirri; an- Candcilli, DowUt.il),ul, Ucrar.
Orilfj, the CiriMm, the chirt" part of
(iDlcMhda, \'iiiapoi r, and Concaii. Tliu
tradt « ot thfff, or the rivt-r Killnu, is
gciirrally called the Pcnindila; although
>t» form di)t's not authori/r that appel-
lation : it incliideB a Ima!! part ot Gol-
coiid.i, Mylorc, and the Carnatic, with
Madura, and other Imaller diltrietH ; the
wco;ift being called that of Malabar, and
the t that ot Coromandci. 'I'lie princi-
pal rivers oi this extenlive region pre the
GangfH, Bnrrampooter, Indiif, imma,
I'udda, NeibiKltla, T. ' GoiiaTcry.
Kidna, Ptnnar.andCa. J , cliicf

mountiiitvs art thole of .. ima tt and
the Gauts. To give an uea ox ♦' »
modern revolutions in the empire ; .
Hindooflan, it is proper to obferve, that
from a pure Hindoo government, it be-
came, at Uft, a Mohamedan ftate, and
continued to be fo, under varioii- dy-
nafties, till the beginning of the iHth
century. The firft irruption of the
MohamcdanB was in the year tooo.
From this period tin? provinces of Hin-
doollan were held rather as tributary
kingdoms, than as provinces of the
iamc empire ; and the conquefl of the
Dcccan, in particular, was for ages an
objed of conliderable importance to
the emperors. In IJ89, the Mongul
Tartars, under the condud of Timur,
or Tamerlane, invaded Hindooftan; but
the conj^ueft of the country was not ef-
fedled till 1525, by lultan B.iber, one of
his defcendants, who, from this circuni-
ftance, was the founder of the Mongul
dynally ; and hence Hindooflan has
been called the Mongul empire, and its
chief, thf Great Mogul. The illiif-
trious Ac bar, his fon, failed in his at-
tack upon the Deccan ; an attempt in
which many of his fucceflbrs were equal-
ly unfortunate, and which tended, in
the fequel, to the decline and diflblu-
tion of the empire. In 1615, emperor
Jehanguir, his fon, received fir Thomas
Roe, as the firft Englifli ami)anador ;
and the Portuguefe had, by this time,
acquired confiderable fcttlements in
Bengal and Guzcrat. In the reign of
his grandfon Aurungzebe, which lafted
from 1660 to 1707, the empire attained
its full extent : his authority reached
from 10 to 35 degrees in lat. and nearly
as much in Ion. and his revenue exceed-
ed 32,ooo;Oool. fterling. But in th6

ni N

courfe of 50 years after his death, a AiC'
crlfion of weak prnices ami wicked mi-
niftt'ia reduced thi:) aftunilK'ug eiiipitp
to very nairow hmitn, and deprived it
of all its power and Iplendor. In con-
f(.''|uencc of the intii^nesuf the ni/am
of the Dcccan, Na«lir Shah, the Perfiuii
uUirpcr, invaded Hindooflan in 1738.
The weak cmper«»r, Molianied Shah,
threw hinif.'lf on the clemency of the
invader, who entered Delhi, and de-
manded thirty niillii;ni4 lb;rling by way
of 'aiiloni. Nadir, afterward, evacii.
atecl Delhi, and left the nizam in polli-f-
lion of the whole remaining; power of
the rrnpirc, which he faciificed to his
own views in the Deccan, where he
ellablilhed an independent kingdom.
Mohamcd Shah died in 1747, having
fecn the Carnatic and Bengal become
likevvife independent, under their ro-
I'peetivi; nabobs; an independent ftate
too formed by tl. : RohillasU tribe from
the mountains betveen India and Perfia)
on the E of the G. nges, wilhin 80 m
of Delhi ; and the kingdom of Can-
dahar ere(*led by Abdalla, one of the
generals of Nadir Shah. Ahir.ed Shah,
the ion of Mchamed, fuccecdcd ; in
whofe reign the entire divifion of tiic
empire took place ; nothing remaining
to the houfc of Tamerlane but the city
and fmall territory of Delhi. The laft
imperial army was defeated by the Ro-
hillas, in i74(;. The Jats, a Hindoo
tribe, founded a ftate in Agra ; Oude
was leized by Mohamcd Kooli ; and
the Mahrattas, belide their ancient
domains in the Deccan, obtained great
part of Malwa, Guzerat, Berar, and
Orilla. The .M( iigul empire was now
become merely nominal ; and the em-
perors, from this period, muft be re-
garded as of no political confequence,
otherwift. than as their names and per-
lons were made ufe of, by different par-
ties, to promote their own views j for
the name and pcrfon of the emperor
retains a confiderable degree of venera-
tion among the bulk of the people in
Hindooftan. Ahmed was depoled in
1753, and his fuccefTor was depofed
and murdered in 1760. He was fuc-
ceeded, however, by his fon Shah Ah-
lum, who was alternately dependent on
the contending powers, and more parti-
cularly upon the Englifh, who obtained
from him a grant of the provinces of
Bengal, Bahar, Orifla, and the Circars.
This prince died in 1806, and was liic-
ceeded by his fecond Ion, Ackber Shah.
Hindooftan now confifts of five princi-
pal ftates, which hold as tributaries, or
fcudatorieS) fome numerous inferior

' Itis death, a AlC*
i ami wickcil mi-
luniiK'iiy cii.pin-
, jiul drprivctl it
)iciiiior. Ill con-
iica of llic ni/.am
Sli.ili, thi- Pcrl'iaii
idoollan in 17,58.
Moliaraed Sluih,
clemency of thf
I Dcll>i, and dc-
is lltrling by way
iftcrwiud, cvai;u-
c nizan\ in polVt-f-
nainin^j power of
: faciiticed to liis
)iccan, wlurc he
iiiidcnl kingdom.
1 in 1747* having
d BtMiKal become
;, under their rc-
iiidependcnt ftaie
ihillasutrihi'froin
;n India and I'crha)
igc8, wiiliiii 80 m
kingdom of Can-
jdalla, one of the
ah. Ahtr.ed Sh.ih,
:d, fuccceded ; in
in; divilion of tnc
nothing remaining
icrlanc but the city
f Delhi. The lad
efeatid l)y the Ro-
ic Jats, a Hindoo
;c in Agra; Oudc
amcd Kooli ; and
ide their ancient
an, obtained great
zerat, Bcrar, and
il empire was now
iual ; and the em-
eriod, mud be re-
itical conlequencc,
cir names and pcr-
jf, by different par-
;ir own views; for
M\ of the emperor
c degree of venera-
k of ihe people in
d wab depoled in
eflbr was depofed
760. He was fuc-
his fon Shah Ah-
.ately dependent on
ers, and more parti-
glilh, who obtained
[ii the provinces of
Fa, and the Circars.
1B06, and wasiuc-
J ion, Ackber Shah,
nfifts of five princi-
ild as tributaries, or
numerous inferior

ft.itf*. Thcff five ftafes ^re, the Britiili,
tht; Pooii.ii. M.ihr.itt.iH, thr Dcr.ii N'ah-
rattai, the niz.ini ot tlie Dcccan, and the
Sfiki : fi)'-, wli.ii'/vcr vcrlv.l diltiniilions
may he m ulc.acomptiltivc alliance ii hi
leaik adeprn.lent, ifniii a iilh Ljpylitua-
lion. Tile Hiifiih poUMlinns ate licn;,'al,
Bahar, UanHTc^, the CIrc.:r«.the Jaghiir,
Uonilny, i^aliltie, tlic diftiid of Mid-
tiapour Ml Orillai and lome others in
Myforc. The allici oMltc llrit'lli. w!m)
m.<y l)e con(idcre(l as drp -ndent upi r\
them, arc tl\c nabibs of Oiul'* and
the Cari),itic, and ihc lajahi of Myiort,
Travancore, und Taiijore For tiic
other principal ftates, iVe their n-fpcc-
live nameti ; and for an nccount of
fomc inferior iiideptndent ftates, lee
Unndelcu'id, Hillngiftan, Jats, Uoliil-
cnnd, Ike. I he iniiabitantsof Hindoo-
ftan are computed at about 10,000,000
Mohamed.ini, and ir!o,ooo,ooo Hin-
doos. The Mohamedann, or Moofrl-
mins, whom the Englifh improperly
call Moors, are r-jprf lented to be of a
detcftable chanicter. The Ilindoon. or
Gentoos, an; of a black complexion ;
their hair is long, their perfon ftraight
and elegant, and their countenance
open and pleafant. They differ mate-
rially 'rom all other nations, by being
divided into tribes or calls. The four
principal tribes are the Bramins, Sol-
diers, Labourers, and Mechanics ; and
thefe an- liibdiviiicd into a multiplicity
of inferior dillindions. There are
Hramins of various degrees of excel-
lence, who have the care of religion
allotted to them, and are held facred
by the reft ; i'ome of thefe acknowledge
the errors that have crept into their
religion, own one Supreme Ucing, and
laugh at the idolatry of the multitude,
but irilift upon the iieccflity of working
upon the weakntfles of the vulgar ;
yet the generality of them are as ig-
norant as the laity. Such as are not
engaged in worldly purliiits are a very
fuperftitious, innocent people, who pro-
mote charity as much as they can,
both to man and beaft ; but tlio;e who
engage in the world are generally the
nurft of all the Gentoos ; for, per-
funded that the waters of the Ganges
will purify them from their (ins, and
being I xempt from the utmoft rigour
of the courts of juflice (under the Gen-
too governments) tin y run into much
greater excefles. The Soldiers are com-
monly called Rajah poots ; that is, de-
fcended from rajahs. They are much
more robuft than the reft, have a great
Ihare of courage, and a nice lenfe of
military honour, which confifts, among

H IN

them, li\ fidelity to thof- they f-rvr.
I'inhtinff is their profrllton j they rea-
dily enter info the iervice of any that
will pay thcu.and will folloVv .vherevcr
hr leadi; but. Ihoald their leader fall in
th" b.ittlc, tic il ca'.jf'.' is at an riid, and
they run ofttl.e field, without any Twain
in their r 'putiiion. The l^n^lilh E In-
dia Company have many biitalions of
them in their fervicc : they an." call'nl
Sepoys, and arc clothed and dikiplincJ
in the T.uropean minner. 'i'hu l,a-
bourer» inel;:(!e farmers, and all who
cultivate th<* land. The Meehanics in-
jlude merchantH, bank<'rs, and all who
follow any tnulc : thct'e again arr lub-
dividcd into each profefnon. Btliile
thefe, are the Hallachores, who cannot
he called a tribe, brin.? r.tther the re-
fufc of all tlie tribes, 'i'hey are a fct of
wretches, who perform all the vilelt
ofticvS of life, bury tlu- dead, and carry-
away every f'-.^ig tli it ii polluted. All
the differciil tribes arc k-pt dil*" "fl
from each other by iiiluiniouh ilc
barriers : th>'y arc foi hidden to in..'r-
marry, to cohabit, to eit with each
orher, or even to dritUc out of the lame
vellel with one of another tribe. Every
deviation from thele points Tub; 'ita
them to be rejee^cd by their tribe,
rendt rs them polluted lor eve ">nd ob-
liges them, from that initant, <.o herd
with the Hallachores. The members
of each caft adhere invariably to the
profcllion of their forefathers : from
generation to generation the liime fa-
milies have followed, and ftill continue
to f'lllow, one uniform manner of life.
To this may be afcribed that high de-
gree of perfedion confpicuous in many
of the Indian maiuifaitures; and alio
that (li iking peculiarity in the ftate of
t-lindnoilan, the permanence of its iii-
ftitutions, and the immutability in the
manners of the inhabitants. Ilcnce it
is, that the Hindoos admit no converts,
nor are themfelves ever converted,
whatever the Roman miflioiiaiies may
pretend. The Hallachores may be
here excepted, who are glad to be ad-
mitted into any fociety where they
arc treated as fellow creaturej. The
Hindoos vie with the Chinefe, in rc-
fpedt to the antiquity of their nation ;
and the doilrine of tranlniigration is
one of their diftinguidiing tenets- Their
inftitutions of religion form a complete
fyftem of fuperftition, upheld by every
thing which can excite the reverence of
the people. The temples confccratcd
to their deities are magiulicent ; their
religious ceremonies Iplcndid; and the
abfolule dominion which the Bramins

\M

K\ i

m

*

I.. :tti
A-

m

m' ■

111 M

buve ohtainrtl «»vir the mindi of tliff
pi c, to liipporti'd by the romm.iiul of
the iminfiilt' r«rvi*iuirj«, with which th«*
lilienhiy of prince*, uiul the y,*Ml of
pilKrinu an<i dcvotreiti havu eiiiujiu'd
their p»gi"\Ai- The ili)mini()ii of ri'-
ligion extMuU to j thoiilaod p:irtioiiLir«,
which, ill oth'T countriciii are i;uvcriii-(i
by the civil Iawi, or uy taftei culloin,
and t.iiliinn. Tiieir <lrelii. thflr food,
tht? common iiiterconrlei of lilV, their
marriagc-ii, and proii Hioni,arc ail uiuU-r
the jiirii'dlAion of religion. '1 hi* food
of thf Hiniloi)8 is fimph', conlilling
cliielly uf rice, ijhcc (n kind of imptrft'tSt
butter) milU, vgi'tabk <, aiul oriental
Ipiceil. Tin; warrior caik may eat of
the llelh ol goats, Ihecp, and poultry.
Oilier fiipcrior call* m.ty eat poultry
and fifli ; but the inferior carts are pro-
hibited from i-ating Hi'fh of any kind.
Their preatcft luxury confiftH in the
ufe of the riclicll fpiccrici and per-
fumes, of which ihc great people are
▼cry lavilh. They elleem milk the
pureft of food, bccaulic they think it
partaken of fomc of the properties of
the nectar of their gods, and bccaufe
they elteem the cow itfelf almofl as a
diTinity. Their manners are gentle.
Their happinofs confUts in the folaces
of domettic life } and they are taught
by their religion, that matrimony is un
indifpenfable duty in every mA\,, who
doeR not entirtly ll-paratc hunfelf from
the world, from a principle of devotion.
Their religion permits thrm to have
(everal wives, but they feldom have
more than one} and their wives are
diftinguilhed by a decency of demea-
nour, a folicitude in their nmiliis, and
a fidelity to their vows, which might
do honour to human nature in the molt
civilized couiitricn. The ciiftom of wo-
men burning themfelvis in the fire with
the corpfe of their hufb.inds is flill prac-
tifed ill Hindooftan- The code of Gen-
too laws, with their facred books, the
Veidam nnd the ShaAah, are written in
theSanfcrit language, which is very co-
pious and nervous, although the (tylc
of th<ir bt'ft authors is wonderlully coii-
cife. Hinclooftan, toward the n, is
pretty temperate, but hot toward the .s;
and it rains aimoll conftantly for three
months in the year. Its proiluifts are
diainoiuls and other precious Hours,
filks fpicef, aromatics, drugs, maize,
rice, and fiigar; and ihcchirf m mufae-
tures ate mullins and c ilicos. Hut thefe
and vaiious other p.irticiilaiR will be
found under the diffeient nami'S of its
provinces, cities, towns, inountaiu?) and
riversj del'cribed ia this work.

II IN

IliMSfft/im, a town of M'lir.irhuf (i, 7i|
Suffolk county, with two churchri,
leati'd nn .t Imall bay. to m n'. Modon.
Hin^fitim, a town in Norfolk, with .1
inarkft on S.itiird.iy, 1 1 m sw Norwich,
and qy Nr Lond«)n.

lli'i((-fiou, a city of China, of the firft
rank, in ihe pruvinc** of Fo-kien. The
vicinity furnilluK abundance of rice,
li'Chi, and filk. It is featcd on a bay,
oppufitr thf N part of thf illiiid of I'or-
mofa, 460 m s Nan-king- Lun. 119 J9
K, Lit. 15 aK N.

l/inoioj'a, a town of Rpain, In Anda-
liilii, .^4 m NNW Cordova.

IfinojOj'a, a town of Spain, in Leon,
51 m w by s Sahmanca.

Ilinojo/a, a town of Spain, in Eftrr-
maditra, ,)i m s by k Mcrida.

IliHterj^erfiUrf, a town of Upper Sax*
ony, in Milnia, 8 m K Freyburg.

Iltti ttun, or Joanna, one of the Co-
mora inaiid«,b<-twefn the n end of Ma-
dagafcar and the continent of Africa.
It is about ]o m long and 15 broad;
and the coatls are chiefly in the hands of
Arabians, who have driven the original
natives to the interior and mountainous
parts. Though not the largelt, it is the
principal of the Comora illands, for it
cxaAs tributes from all the others. The
cattle arc a kind of buffalos, which are
delicious eating -, and there are fhecp
and hogs. The original nitivcs oc-
cupy the hilts, and are generally at war
with the Arabian Interlopers. They
^et their fupplies of arms and ammu-
nition from fhips ihat touch here ; and
it is cuflom iry for .ill to make prefents
of arms and powdt-r to the prince when
he p.iya a vifit on board, which he
does to every one. When any ftiip
touches here, it is lurrounded by canoes,
and the deck is ciuwded with natives of
all ranks, from the high-born chief to
the half naked (lave. They have a
regular form of ^'ovcrnment, and exrr-
cite the Moh.imedan religion ; both
b<'iiig introduced by the Arabs. The
colour of ilu'fe two races oi men is very
different ; the Arabs have not fo deep a
tingt' as the others, being of a copper
complexion, with better features, and a
more animated countenance. They
confider a black ftreak under the eyfs
as ornamental, and this they make
every day, with a biufh dipt in a kind of
ointment. Th^ cuftom of chewing the
betel-nut privailfi here, as in mod of
tlie Ciflern cnimtries. Their religion
liceiiff's a plurality of wives, and like-
wife coin ubincs, of whom they are ex*
treoKly jealous, and never allow any
man to fee them. The men are nry

HIT

hrmpcratc and abflrmiou*. and .ut<*n(t
the molt|iiri thri'« or four tinwi a day.
Ill ((i-nrr.il they .ippcir to he a wtll-
difpolfd pfopk', iiid hniicft in their
dcaliiigK, though there .iic nnioiii^ them,
as ill all other nation*, fomc vitioiidf
inclined \ and thrt't !» iniuh pr.u'tilcd
by thr lower c\M->, notwiihllaiutlnK the
punilhincnt of it iu .imputation ofonth
h'Uidi. The climate promotci vegeta-
tion to I'uch a degree ah requires little
toil, but that Itttio \i dn. icd; li) that,
beyotkl oran^^i'K, l<an<in.i«, pine.ippl(<i,
cocoa«nutSt yam*, and purdain (all
growing fpontaneouly) few ve|{ctahlc3
arc met with. Tlie face of the country
is pidureliiiie and •,)le.iliiij,' i lofty moun-
tains, clott'.cd to the vtry fiimmitii;
deep and ruj^'ged valleyM, adorned liy
fiemicut c.iliira(^tii, cafcadei, woods,
rocki, a id rivulets ; and groves ex-
tending over the plains to the very
edge of the l-i. The town of Joanna,
where the king refidcs, h on the k TuIc,
clofe to the lea, At the fool (if a very
hi^h hill, iiid contains about zoo houfcs-
Tlic better kind of houfea are built of
ftonc, within a court yard, have u por-
tico to (hieid them from the fun, and
one long lofty room to receive gucfts;
the other apavlmcnts l>< ing facrcd to
the women. Lun. 44 4R k, lat. 12 14 s.
Ilio, a town of Sweden, in W Goth-
land, on the w fid .• of the lake Wetter,
|o m ESK Sk ira.

Iliorrifr^, a town of Denm.irk, in N
Jutland, 27 m N nv. Alliurg.

ilirj'chberg, a town of Silclia, in the
principality of Janer, famous for its
mineral baths. In the neigiibourhood
are extenfivc bleacliing prounds, and
next to Breflau it is the irioll coiiiidera-
ble trading town in Silcfia. It is fcated
on the !^ol)cr, 20 m sw Jauer. Lon. 15
j4 t. lat. 5048 u.

HirychfeU, a tovvn of Germany, in
Lower llelTe, capital of a priiiCipaiity
of the Time name, dcpenuirijc on a fa-
tuous abbey, wiiich was fectilari/ed in
favour of till! hoiile of Iblle-Cairtl. It
is li-ated on the Fnlda, 35 m s by l
Caffcl, Lon. 9 42 K, lat. 50 50 N.

Hir/c/iorn fii town of Germany, In the
circle ot Lower Rhine, wiili a caltlc ;
feated on the Ncckar, 8 m K Heidelberg.
ll'trfcholm, a town of Denmark, in
the illuKi of Zealand, with u caftle, la
ni N Copenhagen.

Hij'/xtuiolci ; lie Dow:'i^o, St-

Hijjar, a town of HinJooftaii, i' the

couniiy of Delhi, fi attil near the river

Surfuory, 1 la m wnw Delhi- Lon- 75

40 E, lat. 29 5 N.

Hit, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in

110 0

Ir.ak, near which is a fpring nrnaphtbi
and liitumrn. It (lands cm a river of tht
fame name, which foon al>er Joins tht
iluohrates, 110 m w B.^gdad.

Iltichin, a town in llertfordOiire,
with a market on Tuffdiy, and a great
trade in malt. 15 m nnw Hertford, und
^4 Mw I,ondon.

Uitht, a borough In Kent, with a
market on SuuriUy. It m one of th«
Cinquf Porti, govrrueil by a mayor,
and hai a fmallfort. Niar it are the
remains of Saltwood caUlc, now turned
into a farm-houfe, barns, inc. liithf had
formeily four parilhr*, but now onlf
one ( and the harbour iit choked np. It
is 10 m wiw Dover, and 6H sk London.

Ilodi-Ainj^, a c'tf of ('hina, of the
firlt rank, m the province of Ho-nan(
]ao m sw Peking. Lnn. 1 1 2 14 k, lat.
35 ^ N.

Itotii-nxon, a city of Chin.i, of the
firlt rank, in the province of Kiang-nan t
feated in a marlh, and enclofed by a
triple Wall. The I'ubuilis extend to the
diitance t>f a league on each lideofa
canal, and form, at their, extremity, •
kind of port on the Hoan-ho. It is 41$
in 8.sf. Peking. Lon- 118 47 x, lat.

5.» ,^«> N'

Unang-tcfieoUf a city of China, of
the lirlt rank, in the province of Hou-
i|'i.ing. ft is feated on the Kian-ku,
585 m s Peking. Lon. 114 17 v., lat.

38 ,^0 V,

ilonH'hOf a large rivpr of Afn, nlfo
called th«* Yellow Kiver, from the
quantity of clay which it devolveii. Ita
foiitces are twtt lakes fituate among the
mountains of that part of Tartary
known by the name of Kokonor, in
about 35 N lat. It purfues a ne di-
n(^ii()n to .ibout 41 n lat. and after
running due k it fuddeiily bends s,
penetrating China to a latitude nearly
parallel to its fource, and then purfues
an eafttrly iiireCitiou till it enters the
Lallern ocean, ico m to the n of the
iTiniith of thr Kian-ku. Its coutfe is
el'timatcd at 2000 rn. At yo m from
the lea, where it is crofTcd by the great
canal, the breadth is little mon' tlun a
mile; but it is Co rapid and Ihillow as
to !,!• I'earcely navigable

lloc/ihergt an ancient caftle of Suabia«
in Biilgau, wlich gives name to a mnr-
(liiilate, annexed to the niargravute of
liaden-Durlacli It is litnate on a moun-
tain, 2 m Nu Knimtiidincen, which is
the principal town.

lIochjK a town of Germany, in the
late electorati! of Ment/,, feated on the
Maine, 6 m w I'rankfort.

Uoshjiat, a town and caftle of Ba-

'ID

' I

tl

1 A'

■7 Vf '■
,1

tli

'' r!r4

h

'*) i

i

H o n

tchti ramnu* for 4 iW'nl vi^ory Kaincd
fir«rii Uy tli« '1iil« <)> M4rllN)rouK^i, iit
1701, iiiitl tvhicti ilitf Kii||liili c«ll the
b.UtTr tit Ultnheim, frutn a vilt.it(C 5 iii
^v^ of thi« |)lice. ft U rciti^d on ihr
Danub^i 17 m mtiw Donawrrt.

H»eff/lah a town ami C4(llc of Fran*
CUiii.i, III the princip.ility of Ramhcixi
on the fivrr Aifili, i\ n\ •• .v> Hiiinli'*t'g.

lloJJi-iiioH, a town in licrtlor(ll))iir»
with I la.irkL-t on 'I'litirdl ly, (r ttcit nr.ir
lb« rivrr I.ta, 4 m m llcitiordf antt 17
N by I I.otutoii

liiultnlti, alownof Auhiai in Y<'nifii,
with 1 hjrbonr fur finall vcflVli. on the
Krd fcA, 90 ni N N w Mocha. Lon. 4j jo
K, l.it. 14 10 N.

lioeiiJirtti, • city of < liina. of Jlu*
flrft rank, in ihc prov nrf <»» Ki.m'Miin.
It U f.intoui for tr», varnith, iind Jjpa))

.MP*"*
. hon-

aed worit . .Mid ii 6if m k Peking
118 1 I, lal iq y/ n.

Iloei tchfOH. .1 city of Cliinai of tlic
firilraiik, in tin* pmvinir of Q2i;inj,'ton.
It i« loiu in 1 Pwking. Loii. iij5Hr,
lat. 3,1 IN.

HttktluH ; fp*- Uruktluni,
Hqfft a town of Fi.iiicoiiia, in the
prlncip.ilit) of HiVKuth, with m.inu-
l,»k'hir«*N of cotton, linen, iitut finrptp^r.
Tho .idj.icTnt country \l^* iinatrlfu of
exci-llcnt m.p t)lc It liands on the S.i.il,
ji m NNK IJ.iyroulh

llcff, « (wwn ol Mu'avi,i, in the tir-
cl« lit' Olniiiti , wilii a grfat trade in
wool, 1,^ m N« Oinuitz.

floifiir, C.i/'f Illy tlic NW jioiiit of
Noimandv, mar wliich .ulinirai Kooke
burnt !3 I'mitk 'm'n of war, in 1^19;.
Lon. 1 ,s» ^'^ ''<t- 40 4f N.

Uolfubfri;, anancienl CJlUenf Su.4hi.i,
In a c'oiinty of its iKimr, lUna'^ ncai ilie
luurce of" the N' ck.tr, mm si. Rotinvcil.
Hohcnlintlen, a towii of nivaiJJ, near
which till I'Vrni'h giiint-d a ^rreal vititory
ovrr tlif Auftri HIS in iSoj It is iz ni
c Mnnicli.

Ilohvihhe, or Uolarh, a principality
of I'ranronia, w ut the maigrjivatc of
An/pich, alMniidiiig in uinr, corn,
woiv!. ,iihI cattU'. The caf>lc of its
ancient counts llofx! clolV' by the vil-
Jag»' of Ilr'.ich, iitMr Ulfcnhcim. The
chief town is Ohringen.

lloh,>n>i,iuf, J. town of Bohemia, on
{he liver Mtyta. 13 ni f. Chrudim.

llohenJ},in, an ancient callleof Upper
Saxony, 10 'I'hurinjiia, which ^rivcs
narn- to a connty. It i;; fiinaU' on a
monntiin, it tht: foot of which i.i the
village of Nciiltadt, 5 m nne Noid
ban ten.

Jlo/ie^twcif, a fortrefs of Snabii, fur.
rounded Ly the county of Nellcnburg.

nor.

It! fortiAcationi wcrr drdroynl by iUf
Frrnch 111 il >« It Hindi on a moun-
tain, () in RMk Schafl'hauirii.

lUhtHxolUrtif a town of Suable, in 4
piini-ipallty af ihc famr n.-inu-, with a
calcic on a monntiin, tlic frat of the
ancient counti of llmhen/ollrrn. It la
fcatrd on it br^nelt of the Ncckar, 16
ni • by w 'lubingi-n. Lon 9 ^ Ki lat.
4H ;H N.

Uxhitjltint a town of Iffiprr flaaony,
ill Milnii, on the river Muldai u ni
Ni /wickan.

IbhitHt a city of China, of the (Irft
rank, in tb<* provinci- of lV*tchcli. It U
litnate bciwetn two nveri, 8j m f
Prl'nj.'. Loii 116 aj K, lit. j8 40 N.

lh)Li, a I'lwn of Uriand, jt the mouth
ol .1 river, 01. ihi N coail- Lon. 19 a»
w, Ut 65 4«» M.

H(.!t)nuh, a town In Llncolnfliirr,
will) a market on Thnrtd.iy, i* in s by
>: HdUun, uml i,>.^ n by u r.ond«Hi.

Htlhttk, a feaport of l)fnniiirl<, in
Zca'anil. with a good lurbuiir, from
which ^rrat (pi.nititici of coman-cx-
rorted. It it f9 m w Copenhagen.
Lon. 1 1 44 K, bit. 55 42 N.

Ihlbeck, a town* of W Yorkfhire, In
the liberty of Lieda. Tho inh.ibitanti
were 4i<;i in iil*t, and 5 114 in 18 1 1.

HoUjuuijithy, a town in Devonlhiri*,
with a rnarl<<t on S.tturday, ffatcd br-
twrrn two branchea of the Taniar, 4_^
m \v by N ticter, and 214 w by I
London.

llollat:4% or Dutch N,t/ier/anth, a
country of Knropc, extending 150 m
from .N ti> » an(l 100 from w to e;
bounded on the w and N by the German
ocean, E by W« llphalia, and s by
Liejfr* and Hiabant, or IJrJgium. It
CO! fill I of fcvcn priivinccfl, namely
Holland, Cu:ld«*rland, Zealand, Utrethti
riiella'..', OveryflTel, and Gronineen ;
and what wan called the Land of Ihr
Generality, or Dutch Mrab.int. They
weic lately rtyled the Vnitcd Provinces
of the Sethtrlands, Tliis country was
a part of that inhabited by the ancient
l)at.>vi : it is nfuaily called Holland,
fiorn ihc n;imf of the principal pro-
vinee; which fiijnifies a hollow, or low
country. The piiiicipal rivers are the
RIni.e, M nfc^ Dommel, Waal, YfTel,
Schel'li, aii.l V ctcht. Holland affords a
fhihing proof, that pcrfevering induflry
is capal-le of cortpieilng eveiy difad-
vint'.gf oF climate and fiiuation. The
air and water are nearly Kjuallybad;
the foil produces naturally lea^ccly any
thing but turf; and th« poffrfTrn of
thij very foil in difputed by the ocean,
which, rifing conAdvrably above the

ilrdroyoil by xUtt
tndi uii A muuii*

illtril.

II itf SiiaMi. it) 4

i\c n»nu-, with «

the Trat uf the

icn/ollrrn. It it

tlic Ncckar, i6

I.on 9 K K, lat.

if Upprr Sanonyt
.r Multliii II m

jttittR, of the Hrll
)f IV.tchcli. Itiit
rlvf.ri, H5 m •
R, lit. iH 40 N-
iMil, jtthc nmuth
all. Lull. 19 to

ill Llncolnflilrc,
rfj.iy, li tn 1 by
)y u T.oiuloii.

of Dcnniarli, In
id liiirboiir, from
s of cotn an- cx-

w Copenhagen.
42 N.
' W Yorkftiire, in

Tlio inh.ibitaiitl
(\$ 134 ill lUi I.
k-ii in Dfvotilhirc,
urd;iy, f»*atcd be-
jf the Tnmar, 43
uid 214 w by I

Sithnrloiuhf a

cxteiuliiig 150 m

o from w to E ;

N by the German

lialia, and s by

or l^cigium. It

rnvincts, namely

Zealand, Utrecht,

and Groninecn;

the Land of Ihr

\ Brabant. They

Vnitcil Provinces

Tliis country was

led by the ancient

called Holland,

he principal pro-

, a hollow, or low

pal rivers are the

rr.cl, Waal, Yfltl,

Holland afiords a

;rfevcring indiiftry

■ling every difad-

id lituation. The

Illy Kiually bad;

iially ita'cely any

the poiTrni n of

ted by the ocean,

crably above the

tfvfl of the Und, i« prefrnl«'d from
ovrrflnwIiiK it only by eip<Miilve dikv*.
Yrt thi' libruir* of ihf Dutch liiv.-
rcndirrrd thii fccmln^ly iiili,;iiih>-4iit
tiTfltory one of flu* ru-heik ip'it* in
Kitropr, with xtt[tti\ to popiilatloti
and pro|>frly. Amont( the molt vitiu-
hie n itui.d priHluJtion* of the country
miy be rt'ckon'-d ll« r»c««llent C4tll»' •
.oiiilarKe <|ii.irititi<*« < f m.idder are ex-
ported, chirlly (-iiltiv4led ill ZctUnd.
Th'* piiiicip.il revrniii' .«riU< fioni th'-
herring, cod, .ind wh iti* lilluiir* i but
thrif are not fo coiilidcr^blf .•» ft»r-
m rly The Dutch traih-, though inncli
n duced, it ftill coiiliderable, and thi ir
country wai. a» it wi-i*', the univrrlal
wirchoiifc of the comininlilie* ol every
•piiru'r ol the kIoIk- Their Aflatic
poir<'nion-iar«' the co.iftiof lava, tlirc.i-
pital of which i« Hat ivi.i, tin* iVai ol tlio
icovrrnor-geiwral of all their Kaf\ Indiii
l'«'ttlomi'nt» ; fome rfttlcm<'nt» on \\-
coadt ofSuiii.itra, Malabar, and Corn
inandel { the greatrft part ol the MoUu •
c.i« or Splcc iilaiuW \ and fctlknunis of
fadtorie* in the iflaiid of Celcl - <, at Sii-
rat, and in the ((iilfof Poili 1. In Afiic.i,
the Dutch have the Capi? of (Jood Hope,
with fcvcral fort< and fa«.M<iiiei in
(itiinca; in the W Indies, St. Knilatii,
Siba, and Curaco.i ; and in S America,
the colonies uf liri-cpiibo, Ditmrary,
Surinam, and Hi'rbicc. But tlicy Invc
loll moll of tlicfe in ihc prtfcnt wa,-.
In Holland, the iiland iMdi* is greatly
facilitated by canals, which pals iiievvry
diri'^Mon, and equal the roadi in ' itiicr
counirics. Hy thefc canals an . the
Rhine, the inland ti .ide with G»'rmany
is very conliderabl* ; and the mod re-
markable feature coulilh in the valt
floats of timber, which arrive at Doit
from Andcrnach, and othc; placet* on
the Rhine. A great cpiantity of corn h
alfo obtained by this inland trade, and
the other branches of traffic arc numer-
ous; that the Rhine may b^* faid to
fiipply Holland with inliiiar advantages,
fecuie from the dellrU(!tive inroads of
maritime war. This country contains
thoufands tif windmills f ' fawing tim-
ber, (.'rinding com, &c. id the num-
ber of its niamifa(5iures is ftonifliing ;
ihc chief of which arc linen, pottery,
painted tiles, tobacco-pipes refined
flit, fiiiifT, leather, wax, oil, fugar,
ftarch, paper, beiide fome of woollen,
cotton, and lilk. From the year 1579
to 1795, the Scvfn United Provinces
Way be confidcred as one political
body, united for the prtfervalion of
the whole. In coufequcncc of the
Union (Ice Ntthtrlandi) the Seven Pro-

II ')L

vtnrM lUftnalMi MMlt other*! rlfthtl f
they made ^ritr und ptMr, Uvlcd t4Xc4(
fk<.. In their joknt i:«p«city ^ but at to
intrrnal government, r u;h province wat
inilepciiJcnt. They f«nl dcputi* • (cho-
fen uutufihc provincial ft.itc*) luthe
general *(lembty, cdhd the ftatcs-
^riicril, which w.»i liivilt.-.l with the
hipreme lej?i|l.ilive power o(' the con*
ft«lcraiioii. At the head <tf this govern*
merit there hat ulually been a princn
n.iiliholder, who exen ifeil a eonli'ler-
able part of the executive powei Afier
the death of William 11 (ihr lonrih
ftadtholder) in 1667, thi* onie» wi«
abolilhed by the (latri 1 but, in 167a,
wlien Lewii xiv invub-d tlollind, \\\<k
popular commotions comprllnl tiienx
to repeal the edidl, to invcit Williarw
III, prince of Orange, with the ofliv-e,
aiiii to declare it herr»litary. On hit
death, in 1701, it wa».igtiii ub )liilicd ;
but, in 174'), fomep'ipular cruiuriotiona
coinpell.'il ihc ftatei to nllore the rank
to Williatn iv, and aKain to declare it
hereditary in hit family. In 17S7, a
civil war commenced, .uid the Itadt-
hoUler, Willi. on v, wan <leprived of
the oMice ol capt.ioi general i but he
wai rellored, the lime year, by ihC
iiitcrfcr'nte of Great Uritaiii .md Priil-
iia. When Holland, however, was
rapidly overrun by the French in 1775.
the ItadthoUler aihl his family w^rc
comp<'lled to leave the country ; and i\
convention was allembled to framtr a
conllilution for the Seven Provincei
aiul Dutch Hrabaiit The lirll pl.in
they pieiented wai rejeiftcd by the pri*
mary allemblieb ; another was drawn
up, and accepted, in vvhicli the eaiuntry
was declared the Hatavian UepuMic,
governed by .1 directory of tw<dvc m<:m-
bers. The country was alio dividcil
into eight departmeiila, which had
names taken from riven ; but in iHoi,
they were changed to the naim-i of the
leveii provinces and Hrabant. In 1806,
Holland wa:;erctJted into a kingdom hy
Napt)leon Donaparte, in fivonr of liis
brother Louis, who, in i8io, abdicated
hii crown, and Napfhon decreed Hol-
land united to Ftiiice. Th; country
was alio re-ilivide<l into revrii depart-
ment", vi/ Mouths of the Mculi-, lirti,
Eaft Ems, Weft Fm.s, FrieRind, Uppvr
Iflel, and Zuider /ec. But in Novem-
ber 18 13, a counter-revolution took
place, tiur French authoritie.i were dif-
milled, and a provilional g.jvernmcnt
eltablilhed in the name of th • prince oC
Orange, who by invitation arrived frym
England, and made his folemn entry
into Amftcrdara, on December 1, wheu

il

I

'; ' mi

3

Mi

iJ

HOL

hewasprocUlnneil William i, Sovereign
Prince of the Nethcrlunds. The C.il-
▼inift religion is tlie mod prevalent, but
all other lijfts are t')lcrau:cl. Amlttrdain
in the capital

Holland, thi* moft conficlerable of th«.'
provinces of the Dutch Netherlands,
bounded on the s by Dutch Hrabant
and Zealand, w and n by the German
ocean, and e by the Zuider zi't*, Uirt- cht,
and Gelderland. I' is divided into
South and North Holland ; which lad
is alfo called Weft Frieflaiid, to dif-
tinjjuifli it from Friefland on the e fide
of the Zuider zee. 'J he Ye, or Wye,
a fmall buy, which is an extenfion f>r
the Zuiiier zee, f<?parateR S Holland
from N Holland. This province is not
above i8o m in circumference ; but is
fo populous, that no country in Europe,
of i'uch a iinall extent, can equal it.
The land is almotl every where lower
than the fea ; and the water is kept out
by dikes. It i' crofled by the Rhine
and Meufe, by foveral fmall rivers, and
by a great number of canals, which are
travelled on day and night, at a fmall
expenfc. The paftures are fo rich, that
it has plenty of cattle, butter, and
cheefe, and the feas and rivers abound
with fi(h. It has confidcrable linen and
woollen manufadurcs, and numerous
docks for the building of (hips. The
French eiFe<*led, by the aid of .1 fevere
froft, the entire conqueft of this pro-
vince in i795« Amfterdam is the
capital.

Holland, a ftrong town of PruflTia, in
Oberland, near the river Weefke, 14 n
■SE Elbing.

Holland, New, the largeft known
land that dots not bear the name of a
continent. It extends from 109 to 153
B Ion. and from i: to ^g s lat. or 2790
m from w to k, and i960 from n to s,
being nearly as large as Europe- When
this vaft iCland was firft difcovered is
uncertain. In the beginning of the
17th ceo ury, the n and w coafts were
traced by the Dutch ; and what was
deemed, till lately, the s extremity,
was difcoverfd by Tafman, in 1642.
Captain Cook, in 1770, explored the e
and NE Prom 38 s, and afcertained its
reparation from New Guinea ; and, in
1773, captain Fcrnraux, by connedtin^
lafman's difcovcries with Cook'o, com-
pleted the circuit. But the fuppofed s
extremity, which Tafman diftinguifhed
by the name of Van Dieraen Land, was
found, in 1798, to be an illand fepa-
rated from New Holland by a channel
40 leagues wide. Different parts of the
coaft have been called by the names

HO f

of the difcovrrers, &c. The (Mft.-m
coift, called New South Wales, wan
taken polFHlion of in his majefty'rf n.imt
by captain Cook, and now forms a part
of the Britifli dominions. Sec ff nki.
New South, and llaji Strait.

Hollodale, a river of Scotland, in
Suthcil.indfliire, which rifcs in the
mount.iins on 'h? borders of C.titlintfn,
and (lows N into a biyofthe Kortli (^^a,
forming for feveral miles, in the Litter
part ot its courfe, the boundary bei ween
the two counties.

Holm, a town in Cumberland, fome-
times called Holm-Abbey, from an ^h■
bey that formerly ftood here. It iii
feated near the mouth of the Waver,
•z m N Cockermouth, and 310 nnw
London.

it:lJlebrojf a town of Denmark, in N
Jutland, on a lliallow rivrr that runs
into the North fea. The principal trade
is in com, oxen, and horfes. It is 24
m w Wiburg, and 63 n Ripen.

Jloljltin, a duchy of Lower Saxony,
fubjed to the king of Denmark. It is
100 m long and 50 broad ; bounded on
the N by Slefwick, e by the Baltic and
the duchy ol" Saxe-Lawenburg, s by
the ducliies of Bremen and Luneburg,
and w by the German ocean. It is a
fruitful country, and well feated for
trade ; having Ibme confiderable har-
bours, particularly thofe of Hamburg,
Lubec, and Kiel ; and from the latter
u a canal to the Eider, at Rcnfourg, by
wljich there is a free navigation from
the Baltic to the German ocean. The
religion of the coimtry is Luthtranifm.
Holjion, a river of the United Statics.
which rifes in the Allegany mountain?,
in Virginia, and flows ssw into the
ftate of Tenneflce, where it takes a
more wefterly courfe to Knoxville, and
35 m below that town is joined by the
Broad river, at fort Grainger, where
their united ftream takes the name of
Tenneflee. The whole courfe is about
aoo m, and it is navigable for boats of
25 tons upward of 100 m. On its
banks are feveral iron-works ; and the
adjacent country abounds with iron ore,
and has fundry lead mines and f'nit
fprings.

Holt, a town in Norfolk, with a
market on Saturday, and an excellent
frecfchool founded by fir John Grefliam.
It is 21 m WNW Norwich, and 119 ne
London.

Holt, a town of Wales, in Denbigh-
ihire, porerned by a mayor, though
nov7 a fmall place. The caftle was de-
mo'ifhed during the civil wars, in 1645.
It is fi'.uatc on the Dee, over which i»

1 of Denmark, in N
low rivrr that run«

The principal trade
md horfes. It is 24

63 N Ripen.
f of Lower Saxony,

of Denmaric. It is

broad ; bonnded on

E by the Baltic and
;e-Lawenl)urg, s by
.•men and Luneburg,
rman ocean. It is a

and well feated for
ne confiderable har-
y thofe of Ilamburp,
; and from the latter
idt't, at Rcnfourg, by
free navigation from
German ocean. The
nntry is Luthtranifm.
of the United States,
; Allegany mountainH,

flows ssw into the
:e, where it takes a
irl'e to Knoxville, and
town is joined by the
fort Grainger, where
im takes the name of

whole courfe is about
navigable for boats of
of 100 m. On its
I iron-works ; and the
abounds with iron ore,

lead mines and (alt

I in Norfolk, with a
rday, and an excellent
Bd by fir John Grefham.
Norwich, and 119 ne

Hn ancifni briJgc ot to arches, 6 m i:.ve
Wri'xlrim.

Ilolten, .ntown of Wefltphaliii, in the
ilnchy ofClfvi', n m ssk Wefel.

Holi/ ('ro/'s, a viil.UM! of liclainl, in
th" couiity or iippriary, on the livi r
Siiir, II in V Callicl. It w;n once a
conti Jci.'Mi' town, aiiJ h i« e:;tonlivc re-
msins ot' an ih'iey.

Ifoh/ Ijland, in illmd on tht* C();i'> of
the ilc'taolu'd pArl of Diirhati, called
1!1 mdlhirc, 8 tn to the st of Ui-rvvick.
It is -j m Ion;? a:i(l 2 broad, th^' liil
rocky and liill of ftoues, and at low
water acci'flil)lc l>y horfes and citTi.iv^fs.
I' ha sa town called Ivylo, and a ciltle
on a high rock, tinder which in a cam-
modioiis haihaiir, defends \ h/ a block-
lionfe. On this illuid arc conlidv:rahie
remains of a ftalidy monalleiy. called
I/indisf irut*, of which t!'c celcbrati'd St.
Ciithbert was prior 12 years ; and iu'ie
'A'.is anciently a bilhop's (ci*, rciiiov.'d,
with thi! body of St. Cnlhberl, firft to
Chclicr le Street, and afterward to
Durham.

lloh/head, a It'iport of Wah^s, and
the largeft town in th'? ill.' of Anj,'U^fea,
with a mirket on S,iti:.-day. It rtands
at the ^v extremity of the 'Tan !, on a
capo that is fcparatcd from ;. reft of
the illand by ." narrow chu , over
which is a bridge, and hence is called
Holyhead Ilhnd. I( is the niofl iilnal
place of embarkation for Dublin, being
the ftation of the packet boats lo and
from that cit/, diftant about ao L-agiits.
The number of inhabitants was 113a in
I8.-1I, and 3005 in 181 1. In the ncigh-
brurhood is a large vein of white ful-
lers earth, and another of yellow. On
S II ill; nd, which forms one fi le i,f the
harbour, is a lighthoufe; and on the
ide of Skerries, 9 m to the n, is another.
Holyhead is 88 m w by n Chefter, and
26s NW London. Lon. 4 40 w, lat. 53

Holi/ivell, a town of W.des, in Flint-
fliire, with a market on Friday. From
its vicinity to the mines, it is become
the largeft town in the county. It
takes its name from the famous well of
St. Winifred, concerning which (omany
fables and fuperftitious notions have
prevailed. It is a copions ftream, hurft-
ing out of the ground with great injpe-
tuofity, at the foot of a hill. Beikle the
cold bath, celebrated for wonderful
cures, formed at the (pring-head, and
covered with a beautiful fluine, it is now
applied to the purpofe of turning feveral
mills for the working of copper, making
brafs wire, paper, sndfnufF, andipinning
cotton. The number of inhabitants

n o N

wa>« 5567 i'l i8ui, and 6.^94 in i8u.
Ii Itands near th" ellu.iiyol the Dee, lo
ni K by N at. Alaph. and jo8 wu L.m-
dtit. Lon. 3 }i w, l.it J54 I ^ N.

i/c/i«,V^/, a town of VV'<'rtphalia, ca-
piial of a county of the fame name. It
ii iiiuat .• ou tilt: Lahn, at the foot of d.
m >uiitain, on which is tiie tower of an
a;icicnl e.iftle, tlie orij,'inal feat of \h^
prini-es ot .N'rWIan, 4 n\ nk N.iHau.

lloi tmuinleii, w town of Lower Sax-
ony, in the duchy of Wolfenbuttlc,
feated at the euuniix of the llolz with
the \V(fcr, j8 la N.v Ci .ttingen.

Ilombuiir, a town of Geiinany, in
Wetteravia, with a caftle, and a gl.d'u
manufadture, 8 m n Frankfort.

ifomlui-ir, a t> wn of Germany, in
H''lHrCain.d, wi;[i au iron forge, aud a
glafs m nuifaiJturc, 20 in s Calfel.

lloniLwi^, a town of Wcftphalia, in
tlie (hiehy of Berg, 48 m sk DufFeld xf.
Ihjmhur^, a town of Fram.c, in ilie de-
pirtmeiit of Mont Tonnerre, lately of
G.-rmany, in the duchy of Deu\ Ponts ;
(eated on a mountain, 5 \\\ h Deux
Ponts.

Ih-nan, a province of China, bound-
ed on the N by I'e-tcheii and Clian-fi, K
by Kiang-fi and Coentong, b by Hoii-
quang, and w by Ch.nfi. As every
thing that can contiibntc to render a
country delightful is found in this pro-
vince, the Cliinelc call ii Tongdioa, the
Jliddle Flower ; being litnate nimott
in the ceuiie of China. IJefide Cai-
fong, the capital, it contains fvea
cities of the Hrft clafs, and 102 of the
fecund and third.

liop.an, a city of China, of the firil
dais, in the province of lio-uan. Il is
360 msw Peking. Lon. lu 9 e, lat. 34
44 N.

Ilotiawera^ or Onure, a town of Hin-
dooltan, in Canara, feated on an inlet
of the fea, which fiireads into a lake,
and includes a number of iflands. It
was formerly a place of great commerce,
but demolilhed by Tippjo after lie had
recovered it by the; treaty of .Manga-
lore. Here is now h cultomhoulf.-, and
a few fliopii, alfo fome merchants, who
live fcattered near the banks of the
lake, and fell rice, pepper, cocoa and
betel-nuts, &c. to the trading vefleli
that come from Goa, Rajapura, and
Bombay. It is 50 m n by Kunda-
pura, and 84 sse Goa.

tltindtfchoottf a town of France, ia
the department of Nord, 7 m SE Dun-
kirk.

Honduras^ a province of New Spain,
490 m long and 150 broad; bounded
ou the w by a bay of its name, b by the

'm\

■vm

II

BBlUL

M

■ 1

1

m

•T

'4

t"!!
"^■l

.Al

li

HOP

Atlantic, 8 by Nicaragua, and w by
Guatiniala and Vera Paz The coun-
try contifta of mountains, valleys, and
plains, watered by numprous rivers ;
and is exceedingly fertile. The vine-
yards bear thrice a year, and the foil in
many parts yields three crops of maize;
other proclu<ftion8 are wheat, peas, cot-
ton, wool, logwood, with excellent
p.iftiire, honey, wax, and provilions of
all kinds. The bay of Honduras lies w
of the Catihcan fea, between this pro-
vince and the pciiinfulaof Jucitan ; and
on its coafl great quantities of log-
wood are cut, chiefly by the Englidi,
who once poflTeflcd the n e pan of the
province, called the Mofquito Shore-
Honduras was formerly one of the
mod populous countries in America,
but at preftnt, though Co fertile,, is
almoft a dclert. 'Ihe capital is Valla-
dolid.

flonjfetirt a feaport of France, in the
department of Calvados. The harbour
is very capacious, at the mouth of the
Seine; and its principal trade is in lace.
It is i{ m N Pont I'Eveque, and i lo nw
Paris. Lon. o 15 e, lat. 49 24 N.

Jlonlton, a borough in Devonftiire,
with a market on Saturday, and a ma-
nufacture of broad lace. The church
is half a mile from the town. A fire
happened here in 1747, which confum-
ed three-fourths of the town ; and an*
other, in 1765, deftroyed nearly 180
buildings. It is feated on the Otter, 16
m E Exeter, and 151 w by s London.

Ilooglu, a river of Ilindooftan, form-
ed by tne two moft weftern branches
of the Ganges, named the Coflimbazar
and Jellinghy, which unite at Niiddea.
It flows by Hoogly, Chinfura, Chan-
dernagore, and Calcutta, to the bay of
Bengal, and it the only branch of the
Ganges that is commonly navigated by
ihips.

Hoo<^lij, a city of Hindooftan, in
Bengal, now nearly in ruins, but pof-
Icfles many veftiges of former greatneis.
In the beginning of the i8th century, it
was the great mart of the export trade
of Bengal to Europe. It ftands on the
river Hoogly, 25 m N Calcutta.

Hoogjiratetii a town of the Nether-
lands, in Brabant, 15 m n Hereutals.

Hopet a river of Scotland, in Suther-
landmire, which flows n, forms a lake
of its name, and enters th«i E fide of
Loch Eribol. Near its fource, on the
r bank, are the ruins of a curious an-
cient fort, called Dun of Dornadilla.

Hspkinton^ a town of New Hamp-
Oiire, in Hilfborough county, fitnate on
the Contokooh, 7 m above its confluence

no K

with the Merrimac, and 44 w by ft
Port (mouth.

Horaidan, a town of Perfia, in the
province of Farfiflan, 7^ m nw Shiras.

llorb, a town of Suabia, with a con-
fidcrable trade in woollen goods, feated
on the Ncckar, «i m wsw Tubingen.

Horeb, a mountain of Arabia Pctrea,
a I'ttle to the w of that of Sinai. On
this mount God appeared to Mofes in
the burning bulh ; and at its foot
Mofes (truck the rock, and drew water
to afTungc the people's third. Here are
two or three fine Iprings, and a great
luimher of fruit-trees.

Horn, or lfo§rti, a feaport of N Hol-
land, with a good harbour. It has a
trade in cattle, butter, and checfc ; the
herring fiftiery is alfo coiifiderab';*, and
many fliips of war and merchant veflelu
are built here. It was in the polTeflion
of the Englilh for afliort time, in 1799.
It is feated on the w fide of the Zuider
zee, ao m nne Amfterdam. Lon. 4 50
E,lat. 52 38 N.

Horn, a town of Auftria, with a trade
in beer made of oats ; feated on the Tif-
fir, 48 m WNW Vienna.

Ilorn, a tov. n of the Netherlands, in
the territory of Liege, 3 m wnvv Rure-
monde.

Ilornt Cape, the moft fouthorn extre-
mity of S America, forming part of
Hermitc '.Hand, on . lie coaft of Terra
del Fuego. It is lofty and full ot
woods, and inhabited by Indians, of
whom little is known. Lon. 67 20 w,
lat. 55 56 s.

Hornachos, a towxi of Spain, in Eftre-
madura, near the river Malachel, 30 m
ssE Merida.

Ilornbacht^. town of France, in tlic
department of Mont Tonnerre, lately
of Germany in the duchy of Deux
Fonts ; feated on thf river Horn, 5 m s
Deux Fonts.

Ilornberpr, a town of Suabia, in the
Black forelt, with a fortrcfs on a moun-
tain ; feated on the Gutlaih, 12 m nw
Rothweil.

Hamburg, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the principality of Halbe.-ftadt, fitu-
ate on the life, 8ms Wolftnbnttle.

Hornby, a village in Lancafliire, on
the river Loyne, 10 m ne Lancafter.
Here is a cotton mannfadure, and a
market every other Tuefday for cattle.

Horncajile, a town in Lincolnlhire,
with a market on Saturday. It was a
Roman ftatio.i, and part of the wail of
the caftle is ftill remaining It is feit-
ed on the Bane, ao m e Lincoln, and
136 N London.

Hurnfey, a town in E Ycrkfliire, with

u

and 44 vv by N

I of Pcrfia, in the
I, 7^ m N\v Shiras.
Uiabi;i, with a con-
jollen goods, feated

wsw Tubingen.
n of Arabia Pctrca,
that of Sinai- On
peared to Mofcs in
; and at its foot
ck, and dnw water

's third. Here are
prings, and a great
es.

I ieaport of N IIol-
harbour. It has a
er. and checfc ; the
fo cotifidfrab\-, and
ind merchant vifleis
wan in the poflL-flion
(hort time, in 1799.
iv fide of the Zuider
fterdam. Lon. 4 30

Auftria, with a trade
8 ; feated 011 the Tif-
enna.

th»: Netherlands, in
L'ge, 3 m wNw Rure-

mofl: fouthorn cxtic-
ca, forming part of
. .le coall of Terra
3 lofty and full ol
bited by Indians, of
iwn. Lon. 67 zo w,

w.i of Spain, in Eftre-
river Malachel, 30 m

vn of France, in the
ont Tonnerre, lately
the duchy of Deux
the river Horn, 5 m s

wn of Suabia, in tlio

a fortrcfs on a moun-

leGiitlalh, izm nw

wn of Lower Saxony,
r of Halbe.-ftadt, fitu-
m s Wolffcnbiittle.
ge in Lancafliire, on

10 m NE Lancafter.

mannfadlure, and a
■r Tuefday for cattif.
;own in Lincolnlhire,
1 Saturday. It was a
nd part of the wall of
remaining It is ft:it-
ao m E Lincoln, and

n in E Ycrkfliire, with

HOT

a mvkct on M-jncL^y. N.?»r it is a
lU'.rc 2 m long and ;i mile br.)ad, famous
ior it-' pilsc and celt. Honilcy is 40 in
V. VorK, and 190 n L mdon.

Horfeneckt a town of Conncflirijt, in
Fairfield c lunty, where t bloody b.t-
tle wifl gained by the Dutcl» tiver th-
Iidians, in 16^6, a great number bf ii ..,'
Il.uo ou both fuloii. It is 22 m sw Fair-
futld, and 2» ne New York.

Ilorfens, a feaport of Denmark, in N
Jutland, with m uuifi'.tmxo of wo;)i;-n
Hoods, and a conlid. arable trade. It i«
Icattd at thi; end of a bay, whicli op'iis
into th'..' Catf'i^at, ao m ssw Arhuft-n.
Lon. 9 <i.o K, Ut. 55 57 N.

Ihrjham, a borou^'h in SuflTex, with
a market on Saturday, noted for line
poultry- Here is the county gaol, and
thf fpring aiFi/es are held here. It is
feated on the Arun, 36 m s by w Lon-
don. Lon. o 12 w, la'i. 51 8 n.

Hortjmnr, a town of VVcllplialia, in
the principality of Munftir, with a caf-
ile, and a collegiate church ; fi'atcd on
an eminenc**, 43 m nw Munflir-

Hojlimurl, a town of Ntw Spain, in
Sonora, farronn-Jtcl by comidcrable
mines, 130 m s by w Anfpe.

Hottentots, Count!/ of the, a large
region in the s of ^ifrica, <'xtendinf> ^f
by \v, from the Cape of Good H >pc,
beyond the mouth of the Orange river,
awd from tl'.at cape, in a nn'e direc-
tion, to the mouth of the Great Filh
river, which parts it from Caffreria. It
lit'S between the tropic of Capricorn
and 3.5 s lat. and is l)ounded on the w,
s, aiid E by the Atlantic, Southern, and
InJian oceans, and on the n by regions
very little, if at all, explored. The
Hottentots are as tall as mod Euro-
peans, hut are more flendi-r; and the
charadteriftic mark of this nation is, the
fmallni'fs of their hands and fvet, com-
pared with the other parts ofthtiv body.
Their fkiii is of a yellowifh brown hue,
rcfembling that of an European wno has
the jaundice in a liigh degree. They
have high cheek bones, but not fuch
thick lips as their neighbours the Ne-
gros and Caffre;* ; and their mouth
is of the middling ilze, with the fiineft
fct of teeth imaginablt;- Their heads
nr<; covered with hair, more woolly, if
pofiible, than that of the Negros. With
rt'fpedt to Ihape, carriage, and every
motion, their whole appearance indi-
cates health and content. Not only the
men, but the women alfo are clothed
with Ihecp-flcins ; the wool being worn
outward in fummer, and inward in
winter. They wear one fkin over their
ihoulder, the ends of it crofling each

HOT

otiier before, and loaving their neck
b.ne ; aiiotlicr is i'rtftened round their
midi'le, and reaches down to their knees.
T »<y bilinear tlieir bjdieaall over with
fa*-, in which a lif.jj ft)ot is mixed ; end
tlii-y at liki* vifc oerfuau'd wi;h a rank
an I aroiv.atic pov/dr^r of herbs. They
art' exj.!!' nt Cwimm. fs and divers, and
pra^ititl- bathing fevei.il tim-.s inthiNlay.
The women braid or plait their hair a*
an additional olcgancs;, and adorn tticm-
feivirs with n ckiaces of fli -Mb. Thf>y
fcldom c'jn'iM.t Iheinftlvps with one co«
vtrin;?, buialmnfl always have tw), and
very often three. The outtrmolc it Xhn
largcit, finelt, a'.id molt Ihowy, and fre-
quently adorned with glaf-* bead" ftrune
in difi'erent liguro •. both the men and
wonu'U gi'in rally go bareheaded, and
Itlduni wear any (bvies. Neith< r their
cars iiur nofe are adorn-^d with any
pendent ornaments j hut the nofe is
ibmt.'times marked with a black llreak
of foot, or with a large fpot of n d h-ad ;
of which latter, on high days, they like-
wife put a little on their cheeks. Both
fexi.'s wear rings on their arms ,Tiid lj;rs»
chielly made of thick leather Itraps, cut
in a ciicnlar Ibape ; but rinc's of iron,
copper, or brafb, of the lize o'i w g.ioie-
qu'M, are confulercd more gtnleel.
(Jills are not allowed to nfe any rings
till they ^ro marriageable. Tlieir ha-
bitations art; adapted to their wander-
ing paftoral life. They are morely
huts, relembling around beehive, from
18 to 24 feet in diameter, and fo low
that a middle fi/.ed man cannot ftand
upright in them. But neither the low-
nofs of the hut, nor that of the door,
whicli is barely three feet high, can be
conlidend as any inconvenience to a
Hottentot, who buds no difficulty in
Itooping and crawling on all-fours, and
who is mor(> inclined to lie down than
Itand. Ti'.e fire-place is in the middle,
and they fit or lie round it in a circle.
The low door is the only place that ad-
mits the light, and the only outlet that
is left for the finoke. The order oc
thcfe huts in a cra.d, or clan, is moft
frequently in the form of a circle, with
the doors inward ; by which means a
kind of yard is formed, where the cat-
tle are kept at night. Such are the
Hottentots in the vicinity of the Cape
of Good Hope. In 1778, lieutenant
Paierfon vifiicd a Hottentot village in
Little Nmiiqua Lind, in the nw part
of the country ; it confifted of 19 hut»
and about 150 inhabitants. Theenfign
of authority, worn by their chief, was
a cane with a brafs top, given to him
by the Dutch E India Company. The
Yz

m

^m

I 4.

HOT

Hottrntotis amtifed them, part of the
night, with mtiflc and dancing : their
▼ifitors, irr rrtiirn, treated them with
tobacco and dacka, or hemp leave*,
which they prefrr even to tobacco.
Their mufic was produced from flutes,
mad*" of tht bark ( f trc»'8, of diffeit'nt
fizcfc. j'hc rr .n f ir n thenr.fjlves into
•> ( iiclc. w'th their il'iles ; and the wo-
men dance roiiml them. Amnnir other
trib-R of Hottentots, ar»* the liosjcfmans,
who inhabit tiic mountains in tht- inte-
rior part of the country, vif. of the
Cape, and ^rc enemies to the paftoral
life: they li 'c by hunting and plunder,
and never keip any animal alive for the
fpaco of one ni,r;ht. On this account
they render iht-mfelvcs odious to the
planters, and are purfutd and extermi-
nated like wild beads ; or made flavrs
of when aken alive. Their weapons
are poifoned arrows, fliot from a fm ill
bow; and ihcy will hit a mark, with a
tolerable dci^rte of certainty, at the
diftance of loo paces. Their habita-
tions are not n nre agieeable than their
manners and maxims ; buflies and clefts
in rocks ferve them by turns for dwell-
ings. Many of thefc lavages are entire-
ly naked ; but ibme of them cover their
body with the fkin of any fort of ani-
mal, great or fmall, from the ihoulder
downward as far as it will reach, wear-
ing it till it falls off in rags. Being ig-
norant of agriculture, they wander over
hills and dales, after certain wild roots,
berries, and plants, which they cat raw;
alio caterpillars, termites, loculls, grafs-
hoppers, fnakes, and I'piders. An(jther
tribe of Hottentots, near the mouth of
Orange river, were oblervcd by lieute-
nant Paterft)n, in his journey to the vw
in 1799- Their iiut; were loftier, and
thatched with gral's; and were fnrnilh-
fd with ftools made i f the back-'iones
of the grampus. The:r r.iode of living
is in the hi^hcft degree wretched, an(l
they are apparently the moft dirty of
all the Hottentot tri\jes. Their drel's is
compufed of the fkins of feals and j tck-
als, the flefli of which they eat. When
a grampus is caft afliore, they remove
their huts to the place, and fubfift upon
it as long as any part remains. They
fme;ir their fltin with the oil, the odour
of wliich is ib powerful, that their ap-
proach may be perceived fome time
before they appear in view. They car-
ry their v ,i>er in the (hells of oftriches
eggs, and the bladders of feals, which
they flioot with arrows. To the n of
the CO ntry of the Bosjefr.ans, and on
Xlx. hr.kb of Orange river, are another
tnbc Q?ytiid KoraS} whc n:)ay be icckoo*

HOT

ed to nnk higher than any of the other
Hottentots known in the t of Africa.
Their feature! are of a fupurior nil ;
I hey are more cleanly in 'h< i app^ir-
ame, and neatiT in their drefs ancl do-
m« Ilic utcniils; their hut«i ;. .• alfo cin
flruded with greater care, and v. ith a
view of being more tliirablc. Tl.ty
(iem to be a mixed br»ed, between hr
Hottentot and CafTre. Tliev -'[(pear m
have no knowled;,'r of agriculture, l<ut
are particularly attentive to their horn-
ed c.ittlc, (beep, ami uoats, which they
train in habin of llrii!t fuboidinatiou
and command. Witli refped to the
Hottcntt)ts, in g'Mieial, none of them
feem to have any religion, nor ilo they
appear willing to nctivv any iiiftriic-
tion. Ail of them, h iwcver, have the
firmefl: opinion of the power of magic;
whence it might be iidernd that .liey
beli(*vc in an evil being; but they pay
no religious woriiep 10 him, though
from this fource they derive all the cvilii
that happen ; and lunong thcfe, tliey
reckon cold, rain, ami thunder. The'y
(eem to have (bme idea of a future
ftaie, as they repn).ich their friends,
when dead, with lc.H\iiig them fo loon ;
and admonilh them to behave hence-
forth more properly. The country
pofl'elTed by the Dutch is con fide ralilf*;
extending from the Cape of (rood
Hope, N to lat. 30, and e to the (»reat
Fifh river, about 550 m ;n length and
J.10 in breadth. Tlie whole colony ii
naturally barren and mountaijious ; but
the induftrious Dutch have overcome
thole diffictilties, and it prodiu "s not
only a lufficiency of all the ru.C'.H'ariei
of life for the inhabitants, but alfo for
the rcfrelhment of all the European
Vvy rhat touch at the Cape. The
Lii' .!; jonfidcr the year as divided into
iw 'Tons, which they term mon-
foons : the wet monloon, or winter, he-
gins in March ; and the dry one, or
fummer, in September. Among the
quadrupeds of this country are ante*
lopes, which go in large herds ; buffa-
los ; camelopardilili.s ; the gemftoch,*
fpecies of antelope, which has remark-
ably long (harp horns, and, when at-
tacked by dogs, will fit on its hind
quarters, and defend itfelf ; wild dogs,
which travel in herds, and are very de-
ftrudive to Ihoep ; elephants ; elks ;
hyenas ; the koedo, an animal rather
larger than a deer, of a moulc colour,
with three white ftripes over the back,
and the male having very large twifted
horns ; lions ; jackfils ; tigers ; the qua-
cha, a fpecies of zebra, but more trad-
able i rhinocerofes ; horfcs j domcftic

MM any of the otbr •
in th« s of AfricH.
of a fiipurior nil ;
nly in 'h' i app»-iv-
tlitir itrt.fs ami do-
ir hutv ii i' alto cin
01 care, an'l v. it'i <•
)ri' tluralilf. Tiny

t.'. Tli'-v ''i-prar m
• of a(;riciilturt', l>ut
rntivt' lo tti«-ir horn-
'I uouts, which they
llritt fdtjonJiiiation
Vith itfpfft ti) the
t ral, none of them
i^'ion, nor ilo thty
nctivi' any iiiftrirc-
, h (Wcvor, havi' the
lie power of magic;
? iiiftTnd that lify
bciiiK ; but they p;iy
•p to him, tliou^'h
ey dcrivf all the evil*
I nmonp thcfc, tlicy
ami tluindrr. They
me idea of a future-
:>r()ach their frii^nds,
ta\iiig tlit'in fo loon ;
ni to bi'have hcnce-
erly. The connfrjr
•ulch is con fide nililf*;
the Cape of iriod
3, and E to the (real
1550 ni in length and
The whole colony ii
nd niotintaiiious ; but
•utch have overcome
and it prodrt "s not
of all the ru.C'.'lTariei
labitants, but iiH'o for
of all the European
at the Cape. The
le year as divided into
ich they term mon-
inlboii, or winter, hc-
and the dry one, or
smber. Among the
is country are ante-
in large herds ; buffa-
lili.s ; the gemfl)och,a
c, which has remark-
lorns, and, when at-
will fit on its hind
•nd itfelf ; wild dogs,
:rds, and are very de-
3 ; elephants ; tlks ;
do, an animal rather
, of a moufc colour,
ftripes over the back,
ing very large twilled
k3ls ; tigers ; the qua-
ebra, but more ttadl-
i ; horfcs ', domeftic

TI O IT

horned cattle ; common Oiccp, and n
p ^uliar fpe..< , of fiicet) coveied wiih
liair inllead o' a 001. I'lic hippopota-
mus, or '•iv.rf'Oife, Ih frequently fcen
hrc. Among the birds iire vultures;
oftriches, whole egj;8 areexcelKnt lood ;
ind the loxia, a I'ljccies of gregarious
bird : tln.-ff latter build their curious
nefc in tlie mitnofa inv, where they
form a kind of thatclied houli", with a
regular llree t of nrlts on both fides,
containing under its roof fereral hun-
dred birds. Among the infedts area
f'pecies of termites which do no injury
to wood as in the E Indies, but, by
raifing a number of hills, they impede
the progrels of vegetation. 'I'he black,
or rock fcorpion, is nearly as venomous
here as a-iy of the I'erpent tribe, of which
there arc numerous kinds.

Houiit, an ifiiiiid of France, between
that of Belli ille and the continent. It
is 10 m ill ciicuit, and di fended by a
fort. Eon. 3 10 vv, lat. 47 j6 n.

ilouJa'in., a town of Fin nee, in the
department of Pas de Calais, 6ms
BeH,une.

lloudmi, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Seine and Oile, ji m w
Verfailles.

Ilounjlow, a town in Middleftx, with
a market on Thnrfday, fituate on the
fdge of a heath of its name, 011 which
are liime gunpowder mills, 10 m w by s
London.

Hou-qnan;r^ a province of China,
which occupies nearly the centre of the
fmpirc, and is divided into two parts,
the N and s, by the river Kian-ku. It
is a flat, open country, watered by
lakes, canals, and rivets ; and has
plenty of wild fowl and cattle. The
foil iti remarkably fertile ; gold is found
ill the lands of the rivers ; and there is
fuch a variety of all forts of commodi-
ties, that it is called by the Chinefe, the
Itorehoufe of the empire. It contains
15 cities of the firft clafs, and [ 14 of the
leceiid and third. Vout-chang is the
capital.

Ifourii, Loc/t, an arm of the lea, on
tliewcoaft of Scotland, in Invernefs-
lliire, extending 20 rn inland from the
found of Skye.

iloufa, a town of Negroland, capital
"t a country of the lame name, extend-
ing along the n fide of the Niger. It is
-co m L Tombuftoo. Lon 4 ao e,

I'T- 16 10 N.

Houtcheou, a ci?' of China, of the
"rlt ';lals. in I'e •; uvinoe of 'J'che-
•^'•■ing Theqn. tliy f ^,Ik manufac-
wred here is alroll: inr eaible, and it is
I'ic chii^f place for taaSing writing pen-

n u B

c'M Ft ftands near a large lake, called
'iHi, iicm SG Nan-king. Eon. no i$
F., lat. 30 ;5 N.

Hoiuden, a town in E Yorkfliire,
with a m:irket on S.itiirday. It f.vt»
name ua Imall d ftriH railed Howdcn-
fli're. The bifhops of Durham had
foruieiiy a palace here, hut what re-
mains of it is now occupied as a I'arm-
houfe. HiMO is a large church, like
a cathedral, part of which is in ruins.
It is fcaied ni;ar the Oufe, 10 m ssK
York, and 179 n by w London.

Jhive, Cape, the promontory at the
SE end of Ni-w HolLmd. Eon. 150 2 t.,
lat. 37 32 s.

Iloivth, a vilh;ge of Ireland, in the
county of Dublin, 9 m k by n Dublin.
It ftand.i on a peninfula, which forma
lh(; N point of Dublin bay, and on a
promontory is a lighthoufe

JJo.vttr, a town of VVefliphalia, in
the territory of Corvey, featcd on the
Wefer, 23 m k by .n Paderborn.

J'foi/, one of the Orkney iflands, 10
m long and 3 broad, between the iiland
of Pomona anrl the coalt of Caithnefi.
Here is a Ihipiudous rock, cilled the
Beary ; and on the w coult is a great
couic hill, called Hoy Head, which is a
feamark. Eon. 3 9 w, lat. 58 46 n.

Hoya, a town of Wcftphulia, capital
of a county of the fame name ; fcated
on the Wefer, ^y m Nw Hanover. Lou.
9 20 K, l,it. 52 47 N.

Hoyer, a town of Denmark, in the
duchy of Slefwick, celebrated for its oy-
fl.er filliery, 4 m w Tondereii.

Jlojjerjkutiila, a town and caftle of
Lufatia, on the river Elfter, 17 m nmvt
Bautzen.

Uoym, a town and caftle of Upper
Saxony, n the principality of Anhalt,
feated on the Godel, at its jund^ioB
with the Sclke, 7 m e Quedlinburg.

Hrad'tfch, a to.vn of Moravia, capital
of a circle of the fame name, which pro-
duces excellent wine. It is a frontier
fortrefs toward Hungary, and Hands
on an ifiand in the river Moraw, 30 m
ssE Olmutz. Lon. 17 30 e, lat 49 7 N.

Huaheine, one of the Society iflands,
in the Pacific ocean, 30 leagues from
Otaheite. It is 21 m in circuit, and has
a commodious harbour, called Owhar-
rc, on the w fide. Eon. 151 5 w, lat. 16

44 3.

Hubert, St. a town of the Nether-
lands, in Luxemburg, with a celebrated
abbey, fealed in the foreft of Ardennes,
on the rivulet Homme, 14 m w 3«f»
togne.

Huiertjhur^, a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in Mlfnia, with a magaidcent

ilii

<

, . f r

mi

H U 1)

hunting feat, built by Aunuiliu in,
then elfdtoral piinv-f. A peace w.iH
coiir!u(1cii here befwcen the king' of
Priifli.i and Polatici, ami tlit- ♦ mprols
quPf'ii. It it! i2 m K l.eip/ic.

lluildenfielJtAiowu in W V'Hl;(hirf,
with a market on TiioWay. Ht re is a
lar^'c circular hail, in which narrow and
broad cloth*, firgcs, kcrfcyntrt s, !!<c.
iTJaniit,t(lliir(d in the town and nti. h-
hoiirhiMul, are weekly expofcd to \,:\c.
It Hands on the Colne, i m from the
Caldrr, tiom wlii'.:h it has a cuni \o
Afl)Uiu-uiiii«'r.LiiK'. Tht uimbcr of in-
habitants was 7?68 i.) ii!oi, and 0A71
in ]8i I. It, ii 4^ m sw York, and 189
•NNvv f-ondon.

Uiiiljfo:, a n»ci- of llie Unili-d Sta'.e'i,
which p.-./Trs its wh(.Ic rourl'e of a;o m
in the Acile of H^w York. It jid'S in a
mountainous cuintry l.itvv>'C!i thi? Likex
Ontiuio nnd C!)r»n;p!ain, and tahii i,- a
f'B cotitlb p.uct* v'iihin *; n of tin- lake
GccMf,! ; ■' r'lfii flows s by icuRiihiirj,-,
A!ba!iy, and Hudi'^n, and enters thii
Atlantic ftci;.!-. iit Now York. It io ni-
vigabk' for flilpa io Hudfon, .^.nd fur
flooD''' of Ko lens to Albany.

UiJiht., a ciiy of Ne.. York, in Co-
lunihia comity. T he fttccts are fpa-
cious, ai:d ( rol's each oth' r at ri'.'ht
?;i(»ks; and tl •: houfea uie fuppii-d
rvit!) water brought in pipta iVon^ a
fprinjr 2 m diO mt The ira.!e is con-
fidcrablc, and vtHVls oi iar^c ii/f are
bnilt h'.rc. It isO iied fin ai! eminence,
on the K fide of Ilii'!fori riv' r, 30 n> b
Albaiy, and 120 n Niw Yv rk. Lon.
73 \() w, Int 42 16 N.

Ihuifon Bay, a bay of N America,
lying Let^vten 51 and 69 v latitude,
difcoveted in j6io b; 'j'.nin Henry
Hudfon. Thia iuUtpid riariner, in
fearchini' after a nw paflajre to the
i'acific ocean, difcoveitd three (Iraits,
throii^di which he hnpcd to luivt found
a palTagt; to the ? '.ritic ocean. The en-
trance of this bay, from the Atlantic,
18 between K- foiuti'n^ ifland on the n,
and the L.i'ji dor coaR on the s, form-
ing the K i'\irtir;.y ot 'he ftrait, dif-
tintjuin;ed b; die name ot i!s jjreat dil-
covcrcr. Tliir. bay is f'.d to com-
municate on th.e N, by .; jli.dt, with
Baflin bay ; on the e fide it ih borrlered
by Labi;idor, on the sw by New S
Wales, ard on the w Hy New N Waler..
Thcfe countries, included under the
na.iie >! Nev IJiilain, abound with
.nrimals whoJe ikins and furs are far fu«
pciior in <|ii;i;ity to thoii; found in lefs
northerly n ;:ioi)s,at,d when manufadur
I'd, :tffoid articles for trading with nwny
F, u ropea III na lions to great advaiitag*:.

H IJ E

The nativt'9 arc called EfqtiimauX, and
not t hern lutli mti ; and are materially
dilFereut from all the fiuthcrn irilies.
In 1670, a chatter was granted to .1
coinp my, for the exrlufivr tr.ide to thifi
bay 'J'iie Hndlon B«y Company pof-
lirfs time loit», on the s coall of J mil i
bav, by which iMnu the s part of Ihid-
li)n b.'v ii5 dilbni^iiitlie"! ; thefe faCtoriis
art- c.dled Wnpirt, Moolc, and .\ib,my,
but the f j'iner h,.a been abardomd.
On tie w fide of Hiidfnn bay, up Haves
river, i ; ii f.i'itory failed Fl.tnil.i'r!)Uj!h ;
;ui'l to the N' oi this \t Ycnk bf-rt and
I'rmcc <'V W.des I'ort. I'uaher n is
Button bay, wheie fir Thon>;t.; Hi Itou
alt. mpted to find a su pallMi^e, but lud:
hi? Ihip, and reiunieri hoine i.i a floop
m.'-de it» t'^e countiy. In December
r77o, Mr. Ilcaine, in the lervice oi the
''()!'..pr.ny , If. < ntfron'. Prince ot Wales
i'ort to evp!o;\' a river tiui' the Ef'qni-
maiix, T' hoc.Tnie to ti'e compr.iiy'h tic-
to. its to trade, had bruuj'Ja to their
knowic.lfre; J'nd. wiiich, on urciMint of
much cc'pncr btir;.'; foui.d near if, h.ul
olir lined li.e name of t\.pi,er-triine
River. Und'T the convoy of th.-ife In-
di.ms, in 177 1, he arrivet' at I'.i.s river,
and traced it to llie Arilic oe>ai), iii.d-
in^' it encirnhered with fliu^Is ;u,\1 a bnr
at its moetli, whie!! \^ in In. 119 w. Int.
72 N. In 1789, Mr. MacktPze, another
t.tficer of the conip-.tiy, explored the
coniiii/Rill iiioie to the wi llwar.! ; and
ontrring a rivor (now chilled aticr his
name) which it. the oinlet ot the Slave-
lake, he traced it to itj mouth in the
Ardic ocean, whore it forms a wide
ellu.iry in lon. 131; w, lat 69 n:- Its
couile is 780 m nkw from tl;e lake, in
which if receives many large rivers. No
diicoveries w of this river have bei.it
made by land.

lltidiwickjisLald, a feiport of Svvcdtn,
fin; chie:' town of Hclfingia, with a
jiood harbour, on the gulf of Bothnia.
The inh.ibitants carry on an advantage-
ous trade in timber, flax, linen, butter,
fidi, &:c. It is i«5 m n by w Stockholir..
Lon. 17 40 K, lat. 62 6 N.

Hue. or Ihirfo, the capital of Cochin-
china, with a royal palace. The iiiha-
bitanta blacken their teeth, thinking it
a /hame to have them white, like dogs.
It is featcd in a beautiful plain, and di-
vided into two partij by a larpe river, 30
m from its nwuth, in the China fea.
Lon. 1C7 a_5 e, lat. 16 25 n.

ilueha, a town of Spain, in Anda-
lufia, on the coaft of t're Atlantic, be-
tween the mouths of the Odiel and Tat-
to, 5;? m u Sevilk-

Huen, au ifland in tht B 'C, 3 m

IK

til EfquimaiiX, and
ani.l aif inaVrially
tli<' i'lUtlicri) iiilic's.

w.iK j;riintcc1 to a
<rluliv«- tr.idc to thin
IJ iv L'omp.iny pof-
ttil" s co,ili ol JltlK ,

tlte ^ piiit of Ilml-
llic<l ; Ihf ff fac'toriis
MiKiJc, ami i\ib,iny,

t iKfti al^ardoiK d.

(Ifi n bay, up Haves

[i.cl Fl.(inl.('r;)Uf;h •

lis is York l'r;rt and

ort. I'liiiher n is

fir Thoiv,r; Bilton

NU pallMja-, l)l!t lofl

led lioinr i.i a (loop
tty. Ill December
in llic Icrvici- oi the
V )fi' Piincc ot Walts
rivtv til,. I tho Kkjiii.
o tiie C()iup:;iiy'b t.ic-
ad broutjlit to their
viiich, on acciMint ot'
■■J ("i)iii.d near ir, h.ul
(ic of l\p!,cr-uiiiie
; convDy of ih-ife In-
• arrive(' at I'. is livcr,
Ik- Ariflic oci ai). iii.d-
witij Mio^'ls aiid a b^r
:!'. ii ir. In. T19 w, !at.
ir. Mackcpzc, another
n.p..ny, explored tho
to the w( II war:! ; and
(now tMlletl at'ler his
10 outlet ot tlie Slave-
to ili mouth in the
hen' it forms a wide
3S w, lat 61; V. lis
JKW from the hd<e, in
many large rivers. No
this river have betii

, a fpiport of Svvcdtn,
of Helluij^ia, with a

ilie gulf of Bothnia.
carry on an advantage-
ler, flax, iint-n, InUur,
m N by w Stockhohn.

62 6 N.

thf capital of Cochin-
al palace. The inha-
lieir teeth, thinking it
hem white, like dogs,
eautiful plain, and di-
irtti by a larpe river, 30
th, in the China fea.
t. 16 25 N.

1 of Spain, in Anda-
fl of the Atlantic, be-
1 of the Odiel and Till-

i in the B ic, 3 m

II IJ L

from the coDft of Swctli-n, and 9 sib
Dlfinore. It if) 6 m in circuit, and was
ceded by the D.i|ieK to the Swedes, in
1658, It has one fcattored vill ige ; and
hrre was tin; obfervatory of th»* eel •-
bratcd Tycho Brahc See ViraniburS'

Ifuffrn, a city of Sp tin, in Aragon, ami
a bilhop'H ke, with a univeifity. It is
featcd on tiic IflTuel 1, ,35 m ne Saragofla.
Lon. o jj w, lat- 41 8 n.

llwfcor,A town of Spain, in Granada,
with a callle, 41m nk Giiadix.

JIuefen, a town of Holland, in (Jel-
drvland, feated on the Rhine, 7 m nk
Ni'TK'giien.

Jfuet/i 5 (ire C'Uetn.

IJiietinberg, a town of Ge»*many, in
Carinthii, 30 m nnk Cjagcnfurt.

lliijjhi^fn^ a town of Suabia, in tho
principality of Furflenburg, 4 m nnw
Fiirftciiburg.

llughfjhur}^', fee Catawfjfy.

Ihiil'iuilemu, an inland province of
Chili, lying between Puehacay and the
Andes. It is ricli in gold cluft', and pro-
duce's an excellent mufcadel wine. The
capital h Edan/ia del Rei.

Jlultfc/iin, a town of Silefia, near the
river Oppa, 13 m e Troppau.

Hull, or Kingston upon Hull, ;\ bo-
rough and feap'irtin li Yorklliire, with
a market on Tuelilay and Saturday. It
was built by Edward 1, who called it
Kingfton, and ftands on the w fide of
the river Hull (over which is a modern
ftone bridge) near its entranre into the
llumber. It is a county of itfelf, go-
verned by a mayor, and has two par>lh
churches. The number of inhabitants
was J7,6i6 in i8oi,and 29,944 in 181 1,
including the fuburh of Sciilcoates. It
is fortified, and was the fird town that
fliut its gates againft Charles 1. The
commerce of this place is conlitierablc,
and it is deemed the fourth port in the
kingdom. Beiide its communication
with the Yorklhire nvers and canals, it
has accefs alfo to ihe Trent, and all its
branches; that it has the import and
export trade of the northern and mid-
land counties. The foreign trade is
chiefly to the Baltic ; but it has traffic
with the fouthern parts of Europe, and
with America. More (hips are lent
henceto Greenland than from any other
port, that of London excepted. The
harbour is artificial ; and here are docks
for building and repairing (hips. Among
the public buildings are ihe Trinity-
houfe, for the relief of feanien and their
widows, an armoury, a naval ftoreh«ufe,
a cuftomhoule, and an exchange. Hull
^s 37 ra SK York, and 170 n London.
Lon. 0 18 w, lat. 53 45 n.

HUN

Jlul/tti^f'iira, a town of llindooftin,
in Canara, featcd in a plain of riec-
ground, to the r nf acoiifiderabh'cri elc,
which ruuK N Irmn the entrance into
Ilonawcra lake, ',4 ^ ^ by w Kuiula-
piir.t.

Hiil/>rn, a town <if tin- Nctherlandii,
in lirabaiit, 10 m i>» BriillVls.

Hul/f, a town of the Netherlands, in
the late Dutch Flanders, itron)/ by !t«i
fituatinn and fortifications. It w.i4
fliann fully fnrrendeied to the I'renc.h in
1747, and taken by them in 1794. Jt ii
feated on a plain, which muy be over-
flowed, and on a canal that comn^nni*
cates with the Scheldt, 15 m wNw.\nt-
werp.

number, a river of England, formed
by the junction of the Trent and Oule.
It is a large elUiary. which divides Ynrk-
fhire from Lincoinniiio, and entirs the
German ocean, at Spurn Head

llumi/ifl/h^un, a town of I't-nnfyl-
vanii, in liaiiphin county, on the s tide
of the Swetua, which runs into the
Sufqiuhana, 10 m f- by n Harrilburg,
,.•^d 76 wN'w Phihulelphia.

Hionmoc/i, a Itnall ifland in the In-
dian ocean, 16 ni s Mindanao. Lon.
135 I a K, lat. 5 17 N.

Hun4fmatck, a town of (urmany, in
Stitia, near the river Muehr, 17 tn w by
s Judenbiirg.

JJuncfild, a town of Germany, in the
principality of Fulda, with a collegiate
church, 10 m n Fulda.

Hungary, a kingdom of Europe,
bounded on the N by Poland and Silelia,
\v by Moravia, Auftria, and Stitia, s by
Sclavonia and Servia, and e by Wala-
c^iia and Tranfylvania. It isdivided into
Upper and Lower Hungary ; and to
thefe may be added the Bannnt of Te-
mcfvvar, incorporated into the kingdom
of Hungary in 1778. Hungary formerly
included Tranlylvania, Sclavonia, Dal-
matia, Servia, and Walachia. The
principal rivers are the Danube, Save,
brave, TrtlFe, Maros, Uaab, and "VVaag.
The air is unhealthy, occafioned by the
lakes and bogs ; but it abounds in all
the neceflarics of life, and the wine, ef-
petially that called Tockay, in excellent.
There are mines of gold, lilver, copper*
and iron ; and alfo of opal, at Czerwc-
niia, which gem i;i peculiar to this
country. There is inch plenty of gamCf
that hunting is allowed to all. The in-
habitants are vvell (haped, generous and
brave, but haughty and revengeful; and
are ellimated at (even millions. The
trade principally confifts lu cattle, hogs,
(hocp, flour, wheat, rye, wool, and
wine } and thefe are almoft wholly itfnt

r I'

'-^

H

it

HUN

to the Auflriin provim-ft. The kinj»ilom
of HunR.iry ran rifily t«i i' an army of
100001 men. Th»* ho (c nwn ar«* c.ill-
fd IliiflTtrs, antl the font Hi'ydnkoi. Al-
moll all the lownnof" UiniRiry luvt* two
naini's, Ihr one Cii'rni.tn, and the other
"Hiingar"' i an. I ihr l.it'giiiKe i* a dla-
lc(5t of tne Scl.woi'iin. Tin' goyrn.
imnt is hcredit >iy in tl o honfc of Anf-
tili, md th'* ••lVilili(l>,c<l leh^ricn in jki-
pcry, thoujrh ih( re iro i (^rrit nuniln r
of protf'ltinf •<. No count' y in ' lie world
in Ix'ltiT f'ipplicd 'vith mint-ial WM'ii".
and U iths ; mh\ thnfr of Hiid i, when tht*
Turks WJM'- in polV. fll'm (tf it. wrrc
reckoned the fincrt in I'Mnipo. K ida is
I the oipital of I.owfr Hungary, and
Pr'-fliMV;,' nt til'- IfppiT

ffung.'ii, a town of fJerrn i.iv. in \\\-{-
trr.Ww, and ciinty of Solin^-Ur^unfels,
1 1 ni •*!'. Wi't7,!.»r.

Iluri^^frforH, a town in ncrkOurr,
with a niarkt't on VVt'dneldty. and a
jj'ind tnde hy its can;tl navij^ation.
John of Oaiint, duko of I.^ncaftcr,
cranttd it a chart u' liy tlii' ^Ift of a brafs
Dugli" horn, which is tilowii annnaliy for
thff inhabitants to elect the C'>n(tabie,
who it the chiff ofRctr. Ii ifi ieated on
the Ketnu't, a; m ssw Abin^'i!on, aiiil
6 } w I,ondon.

Himiufrufn, a furtlfird town of France,
in tho dt'partinent of Upper Rhiui', fiat-
fd on the Rhine, 2 in n Bali. I, and 14 R
Altkiicli.

Hunmankij^ a town in E Yoikfliiie,
with a inarki t on Tni'fday, 34 in ne
York, and ^c<) n I,ond(in.

Hunjlet, a town in VV Yorkfhiie, in
the liberty oi' I. ctds. The inhabitants
vfre r^ino in iSoi, and 6.^9;? in 181 1.

linnt'in^tltn, a town of N;vv York,
in Snfloik connty, Lonp iiland, fituate
nn ,1 bay, in thj Ibund, 15 m k by n
New Yor'v .

Uunt'tn^dni, a town of Pennfylvania,
capital of a mom^lainonb county of tlit;
fame nan>p, wjiich abou'ids with liinc-
ftone, iron, and lead. It is lltuatc en
the Juniatta, at the influx <f Standing
Ston>' ciet'k, a;^ m v/sw Lewidown.
Lon. 73 15 w, lat. 40 r.i n.

Ihintinf^flon, a borough an<l the ca[)i-
tal of ilnntii'.gdonlin'ri', 'jroverncd by a
mayor, with a market on S.itmdiy,
and a great trado in corn. It was once
M large place, faid to have had 15
churches, which are i.ow reduced to
two; and there are the ceiiietries of
two other paridies, in one of which is
an ancient (teeple. The number of in-
habitants was 2035 in 1801. and 2397
in i8ii. On an eminence near the town
ftood a caftic, erected by Edward the

II U II

rlJrr. IIiintinf;don is the I'irthpUceof
O iMT Ciomwell. It '\% ffated on ,1
rifinx prmiiil, on the rivirOufe, over
which iit a llniie bridge to (>odmaii-
chiller, 16 n< WNw Camlnidge, and 51;
N by w I/>ndoti. Lon. 0 5 w, lat. 5;
17 w.

lftfitliiT/{ni>/?iirf, A rounfy of Knp-
iind. Iiouiidcd 0.1 thi> nw and n by
Northampionlliiii', p. by Canibridpe-
llior. and aw by Iti illordlhire. It is
»j m lon^ and jo broail, c«»ntunin;»
j»n,o8o aciei ; it dividend into four
hundr-'ds, and inf> pirilht » ; h.is fit
maikct-tt'wns, and lends f..ur ni'mlxTi
to pulianient. 'I'he number of inhiibit-
antk was 17,568 in iHor, and 42,10) in
it; II. The piincijnl iiver.s are the duf-
and Nell- The ■ k pait ronfifts ol li'-auti-
ful mea«low». 'I'hc middle and welleni
parts ar. I'ertile in corn, and fprinkird
with woods ; and tlir upland part w ii
anciently a torelt. pt-cnhaiiy adapteii
fi'r hnntipg. 'i'he nk put confUh of
faiM, wliivh join tin leot lily ; but they
are diaiiit-d, fo at to afford lich paftur-
^^i-, and even Urj,'e erops of corn. In
the niidfl ot them are fome Ih.dlow
pools, aboiindiii}; vsith filh ; ami a lake
6 in lon^; and ^ liioad, called VVhittl'--
Ua-mere. The chief commoilities an*
corn, malt, andcheefe; itiid it fattens
abund.ince of cattle.

UuMtlry^ a town ofScothnd, in Aber-
di enlhite, with the magnificent rtmaiiii
of a calHe. It haft a confiderablc maiiu-
fadlure of linen cloth, and ItandH on a
point of land formed l»y the conflux of
the Boy,ie with the Devcron, 35 m nw
Aberdeen.

Hunt/fill, a town in Somrrfctfliirc, at
the month of the Pairet, in liridgewater
bay, 7 m N BrKlgewatcr, and 143 w by
s London.

Ilunt/villf, a town in N Carolina, on
Yadkin river, 30 m N Salilbury, and ijo
w Hillfborongh.

llurdivpr, a town of Hindooftan, in
the piovince of D«lhi, where the Gan-
ges firft enters the counti y. It is 1 o 5 ni
N by t Delhi. Lon. 78 :;, \ , lit. 29 53 n.

i/uroH, a lake of N America, which
lies between 80 and S5 w lon. and 42
and 46 N lat. It has a communication
with lake Michiu'in to the w, by the
Itiait of Michilimakinac ; with Lake
Superior to the nw, by the llrait of St.
Maiy ; and with Lake Erie to the s,by
the ll-t .4 it of Detroit. Its ihape isneary
trial. gular, 800 m in circuit. On theN
fide is a chain of iflands exteiidinp 150
m, called Manitoualin by the Indians.
On the sw fide is Saguina bay, peni-
traiing 45 in into the country of the

It

i'' the I'irllipbceof
It ii f-Mti'd on ,1
I- rivi r Ouli*. over
iilgr to Oodmaii-
L' inil)ii(|gc, n\u\ 5()
.1)11. o 5 w, l.it. 5;

I roiiiity of llfij;.
thi" Nw aiul N b>'
r. hy C,\nihri<lp»'-
I iiroKltliiro. ft is
hro.n!, cont tiiiiii};
cliviiJi^il info four
puillic 8 ; has lit
t lids lour fn'mlvn
iiiiinbir nl inlubit-
Heir, and 42, »o? in
nvTiH .'ir<' the dul-
It ninriih ol Ivauti-
iiiiUlIc .md Wfilcrn
oni, anil fprinklr.l
If upland part w vi
■)rciili;nly adapted

K put «0!lfllt» «)f

Ic ot lily ; but tbry
iHbrd rich p.iftin-

I. rops of trorn. In
ttw I'divc (liallow

th filh ; and ,1 lake

id. tailed Whittle-
f comrnoilitics arc

tfe; and it fatten*

fScotlind.in A1)LT-
n.i{.'nific«!nt remain*
coMfidtrablf niaiiu-
tli, and (tandfl on a
I l<y the conflux of
Jevcron, 35 m nw

in Somrrfetfiiiie, at
ret, in Mridgrwalfr
attr, and 143 w by

1 in N C'arolina, on
V Salifbury, and 90

I of Hindooftan, in
li, whcrt' tilt: TJan-
miiliy. It is 10 5 ni
8 i;, t , lat. 29 55 N.
N America, which

i^ w Ion. and 4z
8 a communication

to the w, by the
<imc ; with J,ake

by the (I rait of St.
kf Erie' to the s,by
Its ihape is ntar'y
circuit. On thf n
nds txtciidinp 150
lin by the Indians,
laguiiia bay, ptni-
he country of ihc

II V I)

lliiif'-.l St4t.'* ', ;iiul a little tnon? to the
N\v \<^ 'riimidfr bay, f ) calkd from the
fri(|ut'nt tluituUr th.it is hcanl thi-rc.
At the< iitriiK;.-of the (Irait of St. Marjr
iH iIh* illuul of St. Jolcpli, about 75 m
it ciicuir, on tlit; h exireniity of wtiicli
ill a li.indio>n»! fort, belonging to tht>
Hritilh y;Mvcriimiiit. The ChippiMviy
Indlant live Icitteied around thin lake ;
and on its hinkn aic tinind grckt iiii.ni-
litien of fuiil «.liciiir4.

JIurjl ('fi/llf, a foilr>f» in Ilamplblre,
4 ir\ H I.yinirii^ton. It (\ and.'* o;i tlif
cxir-'sni- point of ^ luck nf Und, 'vliiob
IhotH a i!i into the fe» toward th'- illt?
of Wight, from wlucli it it a mile clif'
tant. Ill thi.< ealll.' ' h.*ilt'« 1 w.ij con-
fined pri'vioully to hin bcini; brought to
tri d. I.on. J 1 ^ w, l.»t. 50 4* n.

Jluj, or Htt//'t, !i town of Ktiripr.ni
Turkey, in Mold ivia, the fee of a Greek
bi(hop. Here Petrr the j-'rcat mule
peac** with tin* I'urku- It is btu.itc on
the I'luth, 70 m «w bcndir. Loii. 18
,^4 K, lat. 46 ,^5 N.

lIuJftKufnhaJ, a town of Ilindoollan,
in the piovii'ce of Malwa, but 011 thi; s
fide of the Ncrbudda, and the frontiers
of Nagpoiir. the calk'in divifiou of the
Mahratta empire, it in 140 n» nw Nag-
pour. Loll. 77 54 K, lat. li 4-1 N-

UuJ'uni, a fcipoit of Denmark, in the
duchy of Slefwick, with aftrong citadel,
oppolite tinr illand of Nordltrand. It
hai a trade in horfct^.Tud oxen, ami m,i-
nnlakHurt'd of leather, cotton, and line n.
It (tandfi on ihc river O.v, near the Ger-
man oce.iti, ao m w Slefwick, Loii. 9
to E. lat. 54 ,^6 N.

Ifuttaiit/, a ti>wu of Hindooflan, in
the country of Viliapour, 30 m sbw Vi-
fi.ipour. Lon. 75 6 *••» Kit. t; 5 ^■

Ilufivei/, a town of SwilVeiland, in tlic
canton or Ikrn, 16 m n k hern.

Jhq/, a town of the N'"thcrl.inds, in
the territory of l-iej^e, with many piper
mills, and iion fouiuierie>i. The confe-
dcrates reduced it in 1706, and the
Dutch retained it till I7:'<, when they
detuolilliecl ihc fortititations, aiid fur-
icndered it to the bilhop. It h f.-ated
on the Made, 12 ni u !.w Licu'C.

Hydra, an ifiand in the Archipelago,
15 m lung and 7. broad, lying between
the gulf of N'apoii and the illand of
Thermia. 'I'hough inountiinous and
without a Itrtam of water, it is the refi-
(Icnce of a numerom Greet colony,
who are jjovcrncd by one of their own
members, and pay a iixed annual tri-
bute to the Porte. Their commerce
extending from OdciTa in th*- Black fca
to every part of tht- Mcditcuai.ean, and
cv'n to America, they arc lunv become

/

J A C

more clvilired nnd po!iilie:l ihm ihrir
niij;h'»o:ir'. The ciiitf town i« of the
f.irtK' nani , .md one of tiu- mud con-
fiderabb: iii thir Archtpi-l.igOt wiili %
good liitrbo'.ir on the nw cualt. Lon.
2j 15 L, I it. 17 ai N.

Hy,lrih,4J, a ciiy of Illiiiioortan, ci-
pilai uf(iotconJa, and the metropoli.t
of tlic Deccan. It In furrouiuled by
v dis with tiMfem, ;ind fupp )fcd to con-
t.tin upward (if 100,000 inhabit.uiti.
The fu!)iMlM, which arc very large, art?
occupied by merchauti and tr.idefmen.
It Itaiiil* in a plain, on a rivi.-r that rum
into tlic Kifna, 31-j m vnw Madras*
Lon 78 1,1 I, lat. 17 lb N.

lly.irabAd, a city of llindoodan, ca>
pital of the province ot .Sindy, with \
llroiii^ .''urtrefi. It \* lituatt on an emi-
nence, by the I'uloolec branch of the In-
dus, and furrouiuled by a IuljIi brici:
wall, flanked with round towers. On the
N lidc i"sadryilitch,hi wiunit oftherock,
over which is a bridge oppolitc the gate.
Here is the luburb, which, together with
the city, contain about 15,000 inhubit'
ant^, among whom are niimerouN and
ikilful art i/.ans, particularly the armour-
ers. It is.j4o m !>«w .Muultaii. Lun. (ji
46 I'., lat, 2j fti N.

llijl'ol'Ue, St, A town of France, in the
dep'iitment of Gard, Icated on the V i-
tlourie, near itii fource, 1 j m sw Alais.

llt/pi}/ite, St. a town of Fraiiee, in the
department of Doubn, on the livci"
i)oub:i, 40 m t by n Uclangon.

>M

I. J.

Jabluniau^AXown of M)ravia, in the
circle of Tefclicn, wilhaf>rt near it,
wliich defends a defile toward Hungary
It is feated on the £ifr, between high
mountains, la m sat Tefchen.

Jaca^ a city of Spain, in Aragon,and
a biUiop's fee, with a fort. It is feated
on a river of the fame name, among the
mountains of Jaca, which are a part of
the I'yrcnccd, 5a m n by e Saragofla.
Lon. o H w, lat. 4a 28 -N'-

Jacatra, a country in tb.e w part of
Java, formerly a kingdom, with u town
and fortrcls of the lame name, near to
Batavia, which i> now the i'c:it of go-
vernment. Tiic productions of Jacatr.i
are principally coffee, iligar, pepper,
and rice ; li!<ewife indigo, coltoii-yaru,
arrack, turmeric, and cadjang or Um-
tiks, from which Lift oil is pielfed.

Jaci lieate, a town on the J', coaft of
Sicily, in Val di Demona, anciently call-
ed Acis Aquileja, and bi.own from the

S:

.1 A a

fK«ry of Acit nrul (;.il.itca. t^.trgequan*
titien of winr tnd Iriiit urc rxitorttti
hence. It fUtxf^ iicjir iIr- inuiillt ot tl^e
Frrddo, 13 111 NNK C-itAiiin, and 14 n^vv
T;ioi'Miina.

Jtuk/cM/horeuj^/i, a town of S Caro-
lina, uii tK' r. Hdr nf the Tdiflo, jam
»t Chnrlrrton.

.'<!«•«, a f.irtifii'd city of Sp.iin, in An-
(hliifMi and ;i bilhnp'H i\e, with :« critic-
It in f'Mlrd in a country prodiKinc <-x-
ci'll^nt fruit and very Ime MU, at tin;
fcot ot .1 nnmnt.iiii, <»ti the ri\u' ^Jii.i-
(lall>iillnn, 60 m k liy n Cordova. Loii.
3 3jr w, iat ^r ^H N.

.ni/fiii a town of Syria, in r.il»-rtinc,
ft)rm«'rly .1 ci-U luvjttd rif y, cillfd Jopp.i*
and thr cliiti port of Jiulxa, Imt cntirt ly
fal!«>n from itn ancii I'l (grandeur, laing
laid w.-it[f. in the titnc of the criifadci.
It is (ituatr near tie Mrditrrrancan, on
an omincncc in the foim of a fiin»r
loaf, on the fnrninit of whit h in a I'mail
citadel; and the iioufcHdiltrihntod along
the fide appt ir tiling ahovf each other.
The bottom of the hill id furroiindt'd
by .1 wnll, with battl.'mcntH ; and it is
environed by gardenti, which jjroducf
lcnv.)n8, oraniJ'jR, miloti'', and ritrons of
a prodigious (iir. The road is* ilitVnd-
ecf by a caftic, on a rock ; and the har-
bour is now too (hallow to admit lar^c
vclTcls. The priucipil commerce is in
fruit and grain. In 1799, it was taki n
by the Trench, under Honapartc, with
fonne difficulty and uim-h blondflicd ;
but they held pofllflion forty days only.
It is 35 m s' \v Acre. Lon. 3s 'o n., Iat.

Jajierabad, a town of Ilindooftan,
in the country of Borar, 40 m nnb
Aurungabad, and 60 s Burhanpour.

Jaffrahodt a town of Hindooftan, in
Guzerat, near the mouth of a river,
noted for largf cyders, 37 in f.nk. Diu.

Jofnapatanit a feaport of Ceylon,
whence arc exported great quantities of
tobacco, and fomc elephants, wiiich are
accounted the nioO. docile of any in the
world. The Dutch took it from the
Portuguefe in 1658; and it wab taken
by theEnglifli in 1795. it ftandsatthc
N end of the illand, 100 m n Candy.
Lon. 80 10 E, Iat. 9 45 N.

Jafrarnaut, a town of Hindoudan, in
the province of Orifl'a. Here is a fa-
mous pagoda, one oi'the firft ohje^K of
Hindoo veneration, and an excellent
feamark. It (lands on the bay of Ben-
gal, 4(1 m s Cattack. Lon. 86 6 t, lut.

19 50 N.

Jagerndorf, a town and cattle of Silefia,
capital of a province of the fame name.

.1 A (;

It tl (irated on ihe Oppa. \\ m Mw
Troppau Lon. 17 44 k, U- jo o •.

Jttjlfrjhurg, a town of Oirmany, \r\
\\\t piincipality ot Keirr-DarnDdadt. ij
in AHw D.irmiUdt.

Jiliffiire, a diftri^ of IlindnoAan, in
the Carnatic, fubjc^t to Ihe £ngli(h C
India Comp;iny. It «mend» loS m
alonx the co.iU from Aleni|i »rve on thn
» lo I..ikc INillicUe on ll c N, and it« 47
m hbl,«nd ill tlic widcd pait. Madra«
Is iiH' thief place.

./rt^o, St. the larjfed and mod frrtih
of the Cape Vinl ill md 1, 1 in lonp
inul .s broad. It aboiauU wiih hieh
h.irnn ninuiitaiii> ; and the air, in tlir
laiiiy f»';ifon, is unwhoUfonie to tiran-
gers. The ainin.ds arc beeves, hoiTis,
alil's, muie.H, d«er, goats, IkH'S, civet-
cats, and mtjiikiys. Here are fowls
and birdft ofaiiiiod all litrt.* ; and mai/c,

[>lani.tinH, banana;', pompioir , orange ,
emons, tamaiilldi, pineapplcH, cocoa-
nutu, guavaa, tar, ".j-pleH, and I'ugar-
canes. It ban .iifo li/iue cedar-ti'ceii,
and plenty of cotton. Kihtira Grande
is the capital, but the governor rcftdes
ar I'orto Praya.

Jtii(o, St. the capital of Chili, and a
hilhop's fee, with a royal audience
and a loyal univeiftly. lUlide ihe la-
thedral, there are four ^)ari(Ii churches,
ten monaderies, ant! (even nunneries.
The itrcets arc j6 fci't wi'K , and inier-
le(Jt each other at ri^ht anj;!''?. The
^rcat fqnare i .jso fret on eaehride;
ihe N front otcupitd by the palace of
the preluUnt, the tiiljunal of the audi-
ence, and other public edifiees; ih.-^.t
< f the w by the cathtdi;d chin, h and
the bifli()p%- palace ; and in the middle
is a magnificent fountain. The inha-
bitants, upward of 46. ceo, are native
Americans and Spaniard.s and it in the
centre of all the trade of Cliili. litre
arc ievcral c.inals, and a dike, by means
ot which iIk> valer thegardensand cool
the drects. It is (eati d in a bcauiiful
and extenfivc plain, abounding in all the
nccedaries of liil;, ai the foot of the
Andes, on the s fide of theTopoealma,
oyer which is a bridge that connedsthc
eity with the fuburbs. Lon. 71 5 w,
Iat- 33 a6 s.

Jaj{o, St. a t( wn of New Spain,
capital of Verapua. It has an elegant
hoipital, and daiids in a fertile country,
which produces mjiizc, plantains, &c.
and abundance of cattle. It is 130 m
sw Porto Bello. Lon. 81 14 w, Iat.

8 28 N.

Joj^o, St- a fc rtificd feaport on the s
coaft of Cuba, and a biihop's fcC| with

. • . lit. 30 O M.

n (if (Wrmany, in
r.lc-DAinrjftadt, ij

of Hindotftan, In

1" I tic Kiiglifti n

t <xffiult« 108 m

All ni| iivi- on the

>n ll c N, niitl it 47

ft |)iiit. MaUr.11

vtl .111(1 m(jn ffrtili*

II iiul 1, I ) in Ion^•

boi.tiiU >vii|» hipli

iii<l the air, in tlir

hdUliiiiiu' to tiran-

aic l)c«vc8, hoiffji,

goats, licH^d, civi't-

Ilcrt* ail fowls

II lort;. i and maize,

)()mj>ioii: , orangfi,

piiicapplfK, focoa-

iplcH, and I'ugar-

I'liuc ccdar-trtm,

. iiilu'lra Grand(;

lie governor rcfides

lital of Chili, and a
a royal audience
ty. lUfulc ihf la-
)iir pjiridi churclics,
ul levin nunneries,
ci't W'l'lc, and intrr-
rii;lit ant;If8. The
fut oi\ cat-li Jidc;
d liy th(^ palace of
iil)Unal of tlu; audi-
iiMic edifices; ih.nt
th((ir;;| chiiii li and
; and in the middle
untain. The inha-
46,000, are native
niiinl.-, and it if the
ade of Cliili. litre
nd a dike, by nu-ans
thegardonfland cool
lati ll in a bcauiiful
abounding in all the
ai the foot of the
eof thcTopocalnia,
ge that coni;i'(fl8tIic
rbs. Lon. 71 j vv,

vn of New Spain,
. It has an elegant
in a fertile country,
ii'ic, plantains, &c.
cattle. It is 130 m
Lon. 81 14 v\, lat.

icd feaport on the s
a bifhop's fee, with

JAL

rt good h irhour. In lOio, it vrn* nearly
fwAllowed up by an r'trthqn ike. It in
iltuAte uii .1 biy. about ft mt.om t!te ft.i.
Lon. ;6 } w, la|. a? 1 n

Jtiji(<t, St. N river of Niw Spain, In
OuadMUx.ir;!, which llVui* front liie nt
p..rt of thr like Chip da, IU»w« Uy the
ciiy of (iuadiijx'ui, niitl tutern t(iu
I'aeirtc uri'iin Mt Sc HIak.

Jtii;n, St i\ river ol St. Domlnpo, f.ill-
cA by Coliim' ti'^ thi; Gold rivii. It
'ifi'i rear tb«' c< ..tv of the illand, flows
thron(*h a long extent nf plmu and to-
l)ac<:(> landfi, and enter > the fca on tli«*
continri nf Monte Cliiiltr».

Jtvfo df /et CiivaHeroj, .SV. a city of St.
.T)<^n>i g(« tilt' next in li«e tothc ctpii.il.
The inhabit.it'tH arc cl^ini.tltd .it iu,(-oo.
It ft.indi in a ft 1 tile (oil, on the river St.
J.igo, 70 nr\ from itx niouih, and 90
NKw St. Domingo. Lon. ;o jH w, lat.
19 aa N.

Jii\(o tU (\mpfjUlliii St- fee t'ettrpof
tell'i

(li^n dfl I'jferu, St. a city of Tucil-
ni II, and .1 bifliop'n fee. The vicinity
produc- p'efity of wbe.U, rii;?, bailey,
fruit ot ,ill f'.rts, p.oticul.uly fi>{n uiid
railiiis. I' t fe ittd f>u the Dulci', no
m Hw St. Aiichai'i. Lon. 6j 40 w, bt.
a8 o 8.

Ja,^Q di- t^rxaftftt St. a town of New
Sp:i<ii, ill Gu.ixuca, iittiate in thi; valley
ofNexapa ('■ in kub ;)f Gn.ixaca.

Jaxo Jr liii I fiUcj, St- a town of K* w
Spun, in the province of Patiiict, on
th(; river P.tnui;(), 170 m n Ijy h Mexico.
Lon. 90 j.') w, lat. aa 30 v

.laqo de la f'e^n. St. cr Spanf/btown,
a toun i>t Jamaica, where the leiriRativc
a/retnlijy and liie grand com ' i of jullicc
arc held, it is leafed in a piea<i«nt val-
ley, on the liver Co'ore, 16 m wnw
King (lon.

Jagodina, a town of Kuropcan Tur-
"key, in Servia, ieatcd on the Morava, 70
m ?..'iE Belgrade.

Jaicza, a town of European Turkey,
in Bofnla, with a f\roiii; citadel, leated
on the Plena, 50 m Nt Serai.

Ja/iut/iu'n ii^c' Yak-itjk-

Jaluliibadt a town of Ilindooflan, in
the country of Cabul, fituate on tlic
Kameh, 60 m esk Cabul.

Jallindar, a town of Ilindooftan, ca-
pital of a diftrift of the fame name, in
the country of Lahore It is Ho in e by
8 Lahore Lon. 74 10 r, lat. 30 50 N.

Jii/oiiitzM, a town of linropcan Tur-
key, in Walachia, on a river of the fame
name, 95 m sw Ilm.iel.

Jahur, a town of Ilindooftan, in
the country of Agiraere, fituate on a

J A >f

mountain difRcuU of acccfn, 85 m <»nw
Cliittore Lon. 7; 4011, Ut. tj ,v) K.

Jumujfortjd, It town of Unflit, in the
govirirnrnt ot IVti ilburtt, with a Itiong
tort, lifted on the J.mut la m kr
N.uva.

,/ntt:. iii.it an Iflind ofth<- W Indief,
difcuvcttd by Coluinhtii, in I4<;4- It
He« 10 lcapii'4 w llifptinioU. ncarif
the I'.i'ir dlilance h Cub.i, atid i» of an
uvd ti/iirr, 170 ni loii|{ and 60 broad*
It i« divided into tnr>r cotintira, Mid-
dtcfcx, .Stirfy, and Coinw dl, and cun-
laini upwjid of 4,oHo.oou iictek. A
lidge ol hilU runs lrn,:th«vifr' from a
lu w, wluiti?'* iiiimcrout iivtrit take
their riti* on both (id«'i | a d though
nonv« of ihcm ate navigable, rven for
barrel, yet the lugaiiare (.riird upon
m.tny of thmn in canoei trnn tht; iu-
l.tnd plant itiotni to (he fc (tide : Tome
of them I tin under ground for a conll-
dcraMe (pace, part'ctdarly tho Cobr«
and I'l-dra. The niountains and a great
p.irt of the iflatid an? covered with many
kindii of tree*; fuch ai lignurn vitx,
cedar, inalio^; any, S.c alway.i green. In
the valle* t ate fiig.ir-cane:«,and fuch i va-
riety of ttuit-irees, an to nuke the coun-
try look like a (uradife- But to balance
thin, there are allig.tiorii in the rivers;
gui.niof'it and galliwafpk in the fenn and
m.iillies ; aiiil fiiakeg and noxious ant-
III. lis ill the mountains The year is dit-
tiiii^uilhed into two ioafons, the wet and
dry ; but the rains aie not fo frequent as
formerly, which is fnitpofed to be owing
to t he cii Itiiig down of t he woods- About
iiinr in the morning it is fo intolerably
liiit, tli.it it would be difTicuk to live, if
the ealleriy bn e/,e did not arifc to cool
the air. Sometimes dte nights are pret-
ty cool, and there are great dews,
which are deemed unwhol.fomp, cfpe-
ci;dly to new comers. The tnonths of
July, Augult, and .September, are call-
ed the hurricane months, becaufc then
they are the molt freqtifnt ; and there
is lightning almoft every night. Not
above a thiid part of this illand id inha-
bited, for the plantations are along the
coalts. Here and there ure favantias,
or large plains, where the original na-
tives ufed to plant their corn, and
which the Spaniards made ufe of for
breeding their cattle- The beft houfes
are generally built low, on account of
the hurricanes and earthquakes ; and the
Negros huts, made of reeds, will hold
only two or three perfons. Thf? com-
mon drink is Madeira wine, or rum
punch. The common bread, or that

which fervcs for it, is plantains, yams,

^,

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Corporation

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^

J A M

and r.inTava-ioots ; but, in 1791, .1 great
lui inner of th'- brnd-fruit trees were
br<>ii).'ht here from Otuhcite, and intro-
(lucfd into tlic difli-n nt plantutiunn.
II)j;^aiui llitep .ir«' plentitiil; but the
fi rvautfl g«Mitiii!ly tied upon Irifli l.ilt-
bt'rl', .Old ill'' Nigros havt- lnTrings «iid
ialt-tiDi. The },-cneraI proiluce of' tnii
iflan.J is fujjar, rum, molafl'iH, ginger,
cotton, indigo, pimcnta, cocoa, coK'ee,
fcverai kiudH ut' woods, utid nitdicinal
drugs. It has {bme tobacco, but not
good, Jind ufed only by the Negros,
who can Icarcely live without it } alfo
m;ii/e, Guinea com, and peas of various
kinds, with variety of roots. Fruits are
in great plenty, I'lich as oranges, lemons,
f]iad(locki>, citrons, pomegranates, pine-
.'applet*, prickly pears, melons, pompi-
ons.guavas, and many other fortH. The
firfl Kttkment on this ifland was made
in 1509, by the Spaniards, who were
cruel to the natives; but noneof thoir
bloody rcttlementH fuppotted them*
felves, exctpt that of St. Jago de la
Vega. This ifland was taken by the
EngliOi in i6v?»«'ind is now the mod
▼aluable of their W India colonies4 The
number of white inhabitant.'^ in 1787 was
^0,000, free blacks 10,000, Maroor.s
1400, and flaves 250,000. The value of
the haves, the landed property, and
buildings to which they are appurte-
nant, and that of the veflTels employed
in trade, were then eitimated at 39 mil-
lions fterling ; and it has flnce continued
a growing and improving colony. The
government of Jamaica is one of the
richeft places, next to that of Ireland,
in the difpofal of the crown : the (land-
ing i'alary is 1500!. and the affembly
commonly vote as much more to the
governor, which, with other perqui-
litcs, make it littic* lef, than io,cool- a
year. In June 1795, t! e Maroons, or
original natives, who inhaHit the moun-
tains, rofe againft the Englirti, and were
not quelled till March 1796. St. Jago
de la Vega is the feat of government,
but Kingllon is the capital.

Jamaica, a town of New York, chief
of Queen county, Long ifland. It has
thiee churches and an academy, and is
la ni E by 3 New York.

Jamalabady a town of Hindooftan, in
Canara, with a fort on the lummitof an
immenfe rock, which is Only accediblc
by one narrow way. The town (lands
on the bank of a river, 50 m lne Man-
galore.

Jamatna, a town of Arabia, capital
of a diilri<5l of the fame name, lying wi
of the province of Bahrin. It is (cated

JAN
on the river Aftan, 140 m iw Lachfg.
Lon. 46 8 K, lat. 25 5 N.

Jttnibi, the capital of 11 fmall kingdom
on the F. coaft of the ifland of Sumatra.
The Dii'ch have a fort here, and ex-
port pepper hence, with the beft fort
of canes. 'J"he town is large, and litii-
ati" inland, on a river navigable fur
boats, 160 m N l)y \. Uencoolen. Lon.

101 45 K, lat. I 23 s.

Jambo, a town of Arabia Dt-ferta,
with a good harbour, on the lied fe.i,
85 m 88 w Medina. Lon. 37 20 is, lat.

24 -5 N-

JameSf a riter of Virginia, which
commences on the w (tde of the Hlue
ridge of the Allegany mountains, where
it is formed by the junftion of the Jack-
Con and Carpenter rivers. It thence
flows K through the ftate, and enters
Chefapeak bay, near Hampton.

Jamest St. a town of S Carolina, on
the «A^of the Santee, 14 m from its
moutn7«rid 44 NNE Charlelton.

James Bay ; fee tludfon Bay.

James Ijland, an ifland of Africa, 3a
m up tin* river Gambia, and 3 from its
neared fliore. Here the Engiilh have a
fort and fadlory. Lon. 16 o w, lat.
13 15 N.

James I/land, an ifland of S Carolina,
on the s (ide of Charlefton hatbour, op-
polite Charlefton.

Jame/hwnt a town of Virginia,; feat-
cd in a ptninlula, on the n fide of James
river, 8 m ssw VVilliam(burg.

Jamejhitutt a borough ot Ireland, in
the county of Leitrim, feated on the
Shannon, 5 m s by e Carrick, and 84
WNW Dublin.

Jametj, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Meufe, 'i m s Stenay.

Jam/io, a town of Sweden, in the pro-
vince of Ulekiugen, 3a m w Carlfcrona.

Janina, or Janna, a (trong town of
European Turkey, capital of Albania,
and a bilhop's (ee, with a cadle. it
(lands in a hilly country, on the sw (ide
of the lake Aolierufia ; and on a penin-
fula that projcfls into the lake, is the
feraglio, or palace of the pacha, which
is fortified, and ifolated from the town.
The inhabitants are edimated at 40,000,
among whom are many rich Greek mer-
chants, whofe commerce extends over
the whole empire and to the ports of the
Adriatic. The chief article of export is
fpun cotton, fDm the adjoining pro-
vince of The(raly. It is 85 m w by m
LarilTa. Lon. ai 10 e, lat. 39 52 K.

Janowitz, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Pilfen, on the river Bradawkcj
a8 m ssw Pilfen.

lat.

JAP

Janvillf, .1 town of France, in the de-
partment of I'.ure and Luire, ao ni sK
Chnfres.

Jao tchfoiu ,\ city of China, In the pro-
Tincf of Kirnp-fi, fcated oil the river Po,
ncir its entrance int(» the lake Poyang,
40 m NK Nan-tch;ing.

Japan^ an empire in the mod eaftern
p>)rt of Alia, extending from Ion. 131 to
14a E, and from lat. ,^0 to 41 n. It is
compofed of Uvt-rul iflanda, the prin-
cipal and mofl northern of which is
Niphon. The whole •'mpire is divided
into feven principal didridls, which are
fubdivided into 70 provinces ; and the
population is, in proportion to extent,
deemed equal to that of China. It i»
the richtfl conniry in the world for
gold; there are alfo rich filver mines,
and fine copper is the main fuurce of
the wealth of many provinces. It pro-
duces a great deal of rice, which is
reaped injSeptemher ; and millet, whe.it,
■nd barley, which are cropped in May.
Cedars are common, and fo large that
they are proper for the mafts of (hips
and columns for temples. The rocks
and mod barren places produce a va-
riety of fruits, plants, and roots. The
woods and ."^orefts, and long ridges of
mountains, with which the Country is
interfedled, produce good pafturage,
and are ftocked with deer, oxen, buffa-
los, hogs, and a few horl'es : but there
are no fheep uor goats. Here are large
quantities of fine porcelain, filk, and
fkins, as alfo red pearls, which are not
in left efteem than the white. Thejupa-
nefe are of a yellowifh complexion all
over ; their heads are in general large,
their necks (hort, and their hair black,
thick, and fliining, from the ufe they
make of oils ; their eyes are fmall, of a
dark brown colour and funk deep in the
head, and the eyelids form in the great
angle of the eye a deep furrow, which
difcriminates them from other nations ;
their eyebrows are alfo placed fomewhat
higher ; and their nofes, though not flat,
are thick and (hort. They are naturally
ingenious, and have a happy memory.
Their houfes arc of wood, coloured
white, and never exceed two ftories in
height ; and the interior is divided into
apartments at pleafure, by moveable
partitions niding in grooves. They have
neither tables, beds, nor chairs ; but fit
and lie on carpets and mats, the meal
being ferved apart to each in a bafin of
porcelain, or on a fquare falver of japan-
ned wood. Their food confifts almoft
entirely of fifli, fowl, eggs, and vege-
tables. The drefs confifts of trowfers,
and a loofe robe of filk or coiton fafteu-

.1 A I»

ed l»yr a girdle ; the inunber being iii-
creafed according to the colJiiffuif llie
weather : thtir ftockings which cover
onlv half the leg, arc rniuie of woolh-u
lluftij fcwed togctlu r ; inftead of Ihoes
they merely wear folts mad<? of rice
llraw, falhned to the gre-it toe by a
kinti of loop, and thefe arc fakcn ofl'
when they enter a room. Tlic men
have no beard, the hair beiii ', plucked
out with fmall pincers, that it may not
grow again : th-y (hive ihf litad d.ii'y
from th«; brow to the n.<pe; and tie
hair on the tides is tiimeil up .utd I'aU
tcncd at the eiown, which forms tlit
common covering of "the he.id ; l>ut
conical hats mude of grrils arc worn on
journeys. They have a langii.ij<e f*
peculiar, that it is nndjrflocd liy ni
other naliv»n. The fcience^i are higlily
cfteemed among them ; and tiny have
feveral fchools at dilTerent pliees, in
which are taught arithmttic, rhiforic,
poetry, hillory, and aftrnnoiny. vS^me
of l^eir arts and manut.u'^liires even iur-
pal'ti tiiolV- of Kurope. Tliey treat the
women with great fevcrity, and puniili
adultery with death ; yet a man may
take as many wives as he pleafes. The
japanefe are naturally good foldicrs,
and Ikilful at (hooting with a bow :
however, as they inhabit illaiids, they
arefeldom at war with their neiglibours.
Tliey formerly r;uricd on a trade with
the neighbouring countries ; but now-
all communication is forbidden, except
with the Chine(e and Dutch ; and with
them only at the port of Nangafaki.
The merchundife brought by the Dutch
are fpiccs, I'ugar, linen and woollen
cloth, elephants teeth, and haberdadi-
ery wares ; for which they receive gold,
filver, copper, rice, tea, fine porcelain,
cabinets, and other japanned and lack-
ered wares. The Japaneie are as fabu-
lous ao the Chinefe in the antiquity of
their empire; but the certain period be-
gins with the hereditary fucccfiion of the
ecclefiaftical emperors, from the; year
660 before the Chriflian epoch. Their
emperor was called dairo ; but in the
minority of one of them, in 1 150, vvheix
they had civil wars, one of the com-
petitors for the crown afTumed the
ecclefiaftical government, retaining the
fame title ; while the other, who ruled
in civil afTairs, was called cubo. From
that time the dairo had only been at the
head of religious matters, while the
cubo, or fecular emperor, bears an ab-
folute dominion over fill civil and mili-
tary affairs. The former ftiil lives in
great ftate and grandeur at Miico ;
and the latter pays him a kind of ho-

if

V

\'k-

.) A S
macre. as if he .idled only as his drputy
or viceroy; but in n-ality, the cubo in
now fh>' rfn\ monarch of J.ipjin, and
th<" (l.iiro (inlv his high pried. The rc-
li)!i'>n of thi- »•(). (i»ry is pa^r.-iriifm ; but
there art- «wn difftrrnt k{\t. There
W.10 o"re ,) K"cat number of Chriftians
in diffrff* parts of tfie empire; but,
in i6tS, thiy underwent great perfe-
ciiiioii!-, iiifiimnch ihat ihi y were all
extirp.ited. The capital of die empire
ifl Jedo

Jii^ara, ? feaport on the N coaft of
Java, with a good harbour, It was the
capital of a confultralj'e kingdom, till
the Dutch m^(fe thrmrelvcs m;ifter8 of
it ; where they eftablilhcd a colony,
and a coiiruler.iblc trade. It is 253 m
E by s Batavia. Lin. 1 10 45 ^,lat.6 20 s.

Jaquemelt a town of St. Domingo, on
a bay of itd n.-'me, on the s coaft, 3am
bbw Port au Prinec.

Jarjreaih a town of Fnnce, in the de-
partment of Loiret. It was taken by
the Enelifli in 14^8, arid retakeiifc)y
Joan of A'-c the next yenr. It is feafcd
injar the Loire, 10 m 1 .sr Orleans.

Jarijlerfr, a town of Norway, in the
diocele of Agfcrhiiys, capital of a dif-
tridt aboundii)g in mines. It is 5 m n
Tonfbcrg.

Jarnac, a town of Franre, in the de-
partment of Charente. Near thii place
the duke of Anjou. afterward Henry n i,
obtained a vidlory over the Hupnenots,
in 1569. It is feated on the Charente,
20 m w,*Ang:ouIefnie.

Jaromitz, a tow n of Bohemia, feafed
on the Elbe, i) m n Konigingratz.

Jaron,\ t( wn of Perfia, in Farflllan,
celebrated fur iibund.tnce of p.ilm trees
and their cxci-llcni frijit. It is 95 m s
by K Shiras. Lvu;. 5;, 10 k, lat. 28 i.i; n.

Jarojlau, a town of Pviand, in Red.
Rudia, wirh a ftro;ig cif idel. A battle
was gained here by the Swedes, in 1656,
after which they took the town. It is
feated on the Saine, 55 in w Lemburg.
Lon. 22 43 E, iat. 30 4 w.

J<ircJlauU a governaient of Riiflia,
formerly a province of tlie government
of Mofcow. It is 160 m long, and frxara
^o to 1 10 broad. The capital is of the
fame name, and a large commsrcial
place, with numerous manufadtiire.s ;
feated on the Wolga, 145 m nn e IVIof-
cow. l-on. 39 50 E, lat. 57 35 n.

JafenitZtS. town of Hither Pomerania,
feated on the Oder, 8 in x Stettin.

Jafque, a town of Perfia, in the pro-
vince of Mecran, which gives name to a
cape in the gulf of Ormus. Lon. 574.
E, lat. 25 40 w.

JaJJ'y, a city of European Turkey,

J AV

capital of Moldavia, ami an arcbbiOiop's
fee. In 1753, it wan dellroycd by fire ;
hut is now a well lortiHcd place, dc-
Kiilcd by a caltir The inhabitanti are
eilimatcd at i:,ooo. It hat been fe-
vcral times tnkcn in tiie wars between
the Turks and tt|e Rufliani or Auf-
trians. It is leated on the Pruth, 170
m VNE Ruchorell. Lon. 27 .^o b, lut.

Java, an ifland of the £ Indies, ly-
ing to the 8 of Borneo, and feparated at
its w end from Sumatra, by the ftrait
of Sunda It is 58* m long and 100
broad, extending fronn 105 to 114 l lon.
and 6 to !! !i lat. The l.'.nd is low, and
in fome places marHiy, near the northern
(hole, but rifes in a gradual Hope to-
ward the interior of the country, .admit-
ting in its afccnt every variety of filu-
atioii and verdure The v coaft has
muny commodious creeks, bays, har-
bours, .and towns, «ith many little
iflands near the (hore. The s coaft is
bold, rocky, and ulmoft inncceflible,
that it is little known. In former times
Java had as many petty kings as there
were large towns ; hut now it has five
kingdoms or Itates ; ihefe .are Bantam,
Jacatn, ("heribon, the empire of the
Soefochoenan, nnd that of the Sultan,
which all to,rctiier contain 1 23 provinces
or governments. The Javanefe live in
mean hiitfl of bamboo pl.iftercd with
clay and thatched with leaves ; and
their rood confiils of boiled rice, fruits,
vegetables, and water. They are a bar-
barous, proud, and indolent people ;
of a brown complexion, fliort black hair,
large cheeks, flattiih nijie, fmall eyes,
and large eyebrows. 'Ihey fmear their
hair with cocoa-nut oil; and the women
twill it into a knot on the top of the
head, where it is fixed with gold or fil-
ver pins, and decorated with fweet-
fmelling flowers. Tlie men are very ro-
buft and'ftrong limbed ; but tht; women
are fmall. Tlie men wear a piece of
calico wrapt two or three times round
their middle •- and the women wear them
from their armpits down to their knees ;
but all other parts are bare. The inon
have two or three wives and leveral
c incubines, according to their circuni-
ftances. Thofe that live near the fea-
fide are generally Mohamedans ; but
v^ithin Land they are G-utoos, abftain-
ing from flclh of all kinds- 'I'hi?. illand
has very high mountains, particularly
the Pepper mountain on the s fide ;
it ha,s I ike wife impaflable forefts and
wildernelfea ; hut other parts produce
abundance of rice, cotton, indigo, fait,
;U)d pepp«;r, befide moft forts, of fruit

.T A U

proper to the climitc Here alA) U
plenty of hoi?3, hccves, ;iiul (licc-p, with
other tame animals ; anJ likcvvitc fowl,
both wild and tame, in great abundance-
III till' woiulg are lirgf tigers, rhino-
c»Tofes, and other wild bcilh. The
air, except toward the w end of the
illand, h as temperate and healthy as in
any p.irt of the E Indies. The I'erene
fealbn is from May till Noveml)er; and
then the rali)s begin, wiiich lay iho low
grounds under w.ucr, kill the infetfts,
and continue till M.iy. In March they
b<*;;in to fow, and in July the fuRar and
rice bej{in to riuiii ; but September and
Odtoher arp the bell months for all forts
of fruit. Java has many riven, whicii
rife in the mounfalns, and chiefly run
into the fca on the N co t(l ; they are
probably none of theh. large, being
moftly choaUiMl up at their mouths
with (and or mud, that their entrance
at low water is difficult for the InviUeiL
telTels. The whole coaft of this in-tml
ii moftly under the dominion of the
Dutch ; and befide the native Javanefe,
it is inhabited by Chinefe, Malayan,
Anjboyncfe, TopafTcs, BugalTes, Timo-
reans, and many other people, brought
from diflant countries by the Dutch.
In 1740, the Dutch pretended that the
Chinefe were going to make an infur-
redlion, and upon that account difarm-
e'* them; yet, after that they maflTa-
cred them to the number of ao.ooo
men, women, and children, and feized
their efFedh. In 18 11, a Britifh force
was fent againft thi> ifland, and a land-
ing efFedted within 16 m of Batavia,
wnlch city furrendered on the approach
of the army ; the French forces, by
whom it had been garrifotied, 1 '•';;
previonfly retired to a neighbouring
fort. This fort w>.s immediately at-
tacked, and taken by Itorm ; but the
French general, with moft of the ca-
valry, efcaped. They were afterward
purlued, and being d. fcated in an ac-
tion near Jattcalle, the French general
capitulated, and furrendered all the
Dutch poflTcirions to the Britifh. Bata-
via is the capital.

Jiivatt a town of Perfia, in Scliirvan,
feated on the Kur, nearly oppoiite the
influx of the Aras, 45 m s Schama-
chio.

Jauer, a town of Silefia, capital of a
principality of the fame name, with a
citadel, and a large fqiiarc, fnrrounded
by piazzas. Near this place, in 1813,
the allies gained a great viefory over the
French. Itisfeatcd in a fine country,
on the rivulet J.iucr, 35 m w by «

ICE

JtVilnaiit a town of France, inthe
department of Viennc, Ci m n Poitiers.

Jaxtberf^y 11 town and c;iltle of Fran-
conia, in the principality of Wurtz-
burg, on the river Jaxt, 10 m se Mer-
gentheim.

Iblla, a town of European Turkey,
in Albania, fcated on the Diino, 55 ni
K Scutari.

Ibur)^, a town of Wcftphalia, in the

principality of Olnaburg,
Ofnaburg.

ij m s by K

ring
lieft

Breflau.

Lon.

16 sj K, lat. 51 a N^,

LdauJ, an idttid to the w of Nor-
way, 26:) m long and illo broad, lyin^
between 6} and 67 n lat. The f.arli
difcoverer on record was N-id-Joc, a
famous pirate, who was driven here
by a temped, in 861, v.hile )u a. voyage
from Norway to the Feroc iflands.
The firft fettler wan In^'ulf., a Nor-
wegian of great opulence, who dread-
ing th'j tyranny of his king, emigrated
in X;4. fie was followed by fuch num-
bers, that in the courfe ol. fixty years
thej^iole coaft and moft of the habita-
ble ^its are faid to have been occupied.
The chiefs of the different colonies,
notwithftanding intcftiiie broils, con-
tinued as a republic till i :,6o, when they
became fubjeds of Norway, and fubli:-
quently of Denmark in 138- tothepre-
fent time. The climate of Iceland i>
very unfettled ; in winter there are fre-
quent and fudden thaw?, and in fummer
almoft as frequent fnow and froft ; but
the northern part of tht; ifland has more
fsvere weather than the fouthern. For
two months together the fun never
fets ; ;ind in the winter it never rifes for
the fame fpace, at Icill not entirely.
The ifland is mountainous, ftony, bar-
ren, and dellitutc of trees ; but in Ibme
places there arc excclli:nt paftures. On
all parts of the coaft, the bays and har-
bours are bolli nu mcrous and fafe. The
chief rivers are in the e part ; the Skal-
fanda, Oxarfird, and Bruna, all flowing
from s to N i and there are extenfive
frefli water lakes. The highcft moun-
tains, clothed with perpetual fiiow, are
called Yokuls ; and ofthefe Snsefell, a
promontory on the w coaft, iseftcemed
thehip'heft, beingcomputedat456ofeet.
Mount Ilccla is 18 m from the s coaft,
about 4000 feet in height, and a noted
volcano; but there are feveral other
voloanos, and many Ailphurous and hot
fpriinjs. Some of the Litter, called
Geytors, frequently throw up boiling
water : the principal one has a bafin ji
feet in diameter, and in the centre an
orifice 17 feet over, in which the water
rifes and falls ; and from this pipe, in
violent exuptions, a column of boiling

;J :;

( ' '

Hi

rr r,

yvMvt i.i frz-qiiditly, hy a fiuliifn jct.
<h'>t lip p«rpcn(li(.iil,irly loo frrt, or
thrdv iM)iitfli.it.'<^'i'illy to,i^;riMtili(hncc.
Tfif molt tifitr niloii. volcinic eruption
onrrcoitl, ^iTomp.niird hy vicilnit win«l
;iiii! ii!!i. tiiok pUcc in thi!« illiiul in
irJ!,'. On Sk.ipta;* Ydkiil, 40 m nf. of
Jtccti, fhif't' fiii'-fpoiiis brolcr out in
the Nv pit, v\|iicl), after rilinj to ;»
coiiliilnahlc lirij:lit in t!if air, iniifril
iiU'> .1 torrcn' vf lav^ th.it Mowed To- lix
W(i.ks and r.iti a ilillancx- of f)o m to
tlic fri, in a l-roken inctdth of abofe
la n). By thiR dri'ulfid calamity, 11
rlvtTs wcrt drii'd up, 11 villagt» totally
ovcrwhrlincd by rtrc or water, and 34
▼cry HMti-riallv injiirrd : of the inhablt-
.int», i:o p<'ri(lic<i by firr, 11 by wafer,
Av.i\ ahovi- 87C0 I)y t'amlnc; all vc^r-
tatioii, the fi'ppoit of their catile, bc-
i/ii; (!clh.oyeil, and the filh drivtn frcm
the coi»)ts. Tho inhabitants arc now
eftirn.itcd at <;o,cro. In the towns, par-
Hciii.trly al ng the coafts, mod of the
honfcR are ronftnuftcd of wood.^ro-
vioiifly framed in Norway; but in
«!htr ppits the dwellings are at a dif-
tancc from eacli other, many of them
little above the level of tho ground, and
chiefly miferable huts, covered with
turf or fkins. The principal anicle« of
food are fifli ai.d butter ; the former
moflcaten in a dry fbate and uncooked ;
mutton, beef, and rye-biead are only
brought to ihc table of the higher clafFes.
The cl)i( f exports are dried fi(h, mut-
ton, beef, butter, tallow, trainoil, coarle
woollen cloili, Itockings, gloves, wool,
Jhcep and fox Ikiiis, eider-down, and
leathers. Tlicimport.-i are timber, fith-
inglackle, implcntntH of ifvin, tobacco,
bread, fpirits, wine, fait, linen, and
other necc'flaiies of life, with a veiy
few fupi rfluiticii. Iceland once abound-
ed in learning and fciencc, at a time
when the gveatift part ofEiiropewas
involved in ignorance. Their language
was the old Gothic or 'IVnionic, the
vernacular tongue of the Sweden, Danes,
and Norwegian's, before it bianehed
into the feveral dialed.^ finee I'poken by
the natives of tliefe three kingdoms.
The religion of the errly inh.ii)ii;;nfs
was pagan ; in 974 ll;e Roman catholic
was introduced, and in 1540 the Lu-
theran, which in a few yei'rs b(.e;>me
the eftahliflicd religion. The ill ind is
divided into four conmerci.d dillri(5ls,
Reikiuvik, Efkefiord, Eyafiord, and
Ifafiord, fo named from the chief ports.
The town of Heikiavik, where ihc go-
vernor ar.d biihop relide, confifts of
about 70 wooden houlet^, with fcattered
hu>s in the outfkirtb, and a church of

JR A

ftonr, covrnd with tile*. It is ihn
prineipal plaec of traffic, ind (Unils on
a bay of its name, in the sw part of the
iflvKt. I.on. 3 1 51 w, lat. (^4 X n.

Itliterhaufen, a town of ITppi-r Sax-
ony,. in the principality of Oolha, u
m ^■<^. ff<.fli.i.

leefmii/I, or fonn, » famous littlr
illand of Scotland, on** of th»" Hebrides,
near the sw point of th»^ i(le of Mull.
It i» only ^ m l(»ng, and products beauti-
ful white marble. Here arc, the ruins of
an atigud nunnery, monallery, and ca-
ihcdr.d. Liitl to have be*-!) founded by
St. Columba, about the year 7)5 ; alfo
a fmall chapel, dedic ited to ."^t. Oran,
contjining many marble tomb- (tones
of the great lords of the illc-s; and ad-
joining it is a cemctry, in which many
ancient kings of Sv:«/tland, Ireland, and
Norway, are buried. Other luins of
mon iflic and druidicul edifices can be
traced ; and many places are pointed
out, noted for particular a^ls of St.
Columba. 'i'his ill.ind was the retreat
of learning, during the Gothic igi.orance
which peivaded Knrope, after the over-
throw of the Koman empire, and the
feminary whence illued tho(e pious
monks and laymen, who again revived
learning, and propagated Chriltianily
throtigh many kinniioms of Kurope,
This place, formerly fu religioui, has
now divine A-rvice performed only four
times in the year. The only village it
Sodor. Lon. 6 aow, lat. 56 ij N.

Itliu a lofty and pointed mountain,
in the middle of the illand of Candia,
famous in ancient times as being the
place on which Jupiter was brought
up, and where there was a temple de-
dicated to Cybcle.

Ida, a mountain of Afiatic Turkey,
in Natolia, famous in ancient fable, for
tie judgment, of Pans, and for being
the rcfort of the gods during the Tro-
jan war. It is 140 m to the w of
Olympus.

I'JiUilia a Neiiva, a town of Portugal,
in Beira, 3 m sw Idanhaa Vella.

Idaiiha a Velluy a town of Portugal,
in Beta. The French took jt by af-
lault in 1704. It is felted on the I'on-
iul, 25 m E Caftel Branco. Lon. 6 14
w, lat. .^9 39 N.

Una, a town of Germany, in Car-
iiiola, celebrated for rich quiekfilver
mines ; feated amid mountains, on the
river Idria, 20 m tsi- G<.rz.

Idjlehi, a town of Germai y, in Wet-
teravia, with a callle. the refidence of
a l>ranch of the houfe of Nali'au, 32 m
s\v V\'ctzlar.

/.««, lot. a town of France, in the

Germanyi in Car-
lur rich quick lilver
mountains, on the
F G<>rz.

Gcrmai y, in Wet-
c. the r«li'1eiict.* of
ie of N alia u, ai m

of France, in the

JED
department of MofHIe, (eated on the
Sarp, u m w Deux Ponti.

Jran d' Angrlyt ■^V. a town of France,
in the department of Lower C'harrnte,
with a fine B<'iicdi(f\ine abbey. It was
taken fronn the Iluguenote in \b\i, by
I^wli XIII, who dt-molifhed the for-
tifications. It is famous fur brandy,
and ftrated on the liontonne, 15 m ne
Santes, and ja &b Iluchclle.

Jean tie Lo/m, St> a town of France,
in the department of Cute d'Or, feated
on the Saonc, 15 m sse Dijun.

Jean de Luz^ St. a town of France,
in th«; department of Lower Pyrenees,
the laft next Spain, with a harbour. It
owes its opulence to the cod and whale
fi(hery, and is feated on a fmall river,
near the bay of Bifcay, la m sw
Bayonne. Lon. 1 40 w, lat> 43 45 s.

Jean de Maurieunet St. a town of
Savoy, capital of the county of Mau-
rienne, and a biihop's fee. It is feated
on the river Arc, 25 m kne Grenoble.
Lon. 6 20 K, lat. 45 17 N.

Jean Pied de Port, St. a town of
France, 2n the department of Lower
Pyrenees, defended by a citadel, upon
an eminence, at the entrance of thofe

Kaflcs, or defiles, in the Pyrenees, which
ere are called PortH. It is feated c
the river Nive, ao m sse Bayonne, and
30 NE Pamplona.

Jean Ratel, a town of St. Domingo,
on the N coaft of the n peninfula, with
afort, lom ne St. Nicholas-

Jif</, a riv«r of Scotland, in Roxburgh
(hire, which rifes on the borders of Eng-
land, and joins the Teviot, a little
below Jedburg. On its bank are feveral
large caverns, which were the hiding
places of ancient border-warriors.

Jedburjf, a borough of Scotland, ca-
pital of Roxburgflure. Here is the
ruin of a fine abbey church, and part of
it has been made the parifh church. It
has manufactures of cloth, flannel, and
hofe, and the vicinitv is noted for fine
orchards. The number of inhabitants
was3834in 1801, and4454 in 1811. It
is fuuate on the Jed, near itE conflux
with the Teviot, 45 m se Edinburg.
Lon. 1 35 w, lat. 55 30 n.

Jedo, the capital of the empire of
Japan, fituate on the se fide of >flphon,
the largcft of the Japanefe iflands. The
city has neither walls nor ramparts, is
9 m long and 6 broad, and contains
i»ooo,ooo inhabitants. The houfes
are built of earth, and boarded on the
outfide, to prevent the rain from de-
"roying the walls. In every ftrect is
an iron gate, which is Ihut up in the
»'ght, and a kind of cuftomhouf*, or

JEM

magazine, for merchandife. A fire hap-
pened in i6.<;Rt which, in the Ipace of
48 hours, burnt down 100.000 huulcs,
and the emperor's palace ; but the
whole is rehiiilt. The imperial piKc«*
is lurrounded by walls ami ditchet: with
drawhridgen, forming of itiilf .1 con-
iiderablc town, in the middle of the
city. Where the emperor rflulen arc
three towers, nine (loriis hi);h, each
covered with plates of ^{old ; and the
hall of audience is fupportcd by pillars
of m.ifTy gold. Near the pi lace are
fevcial others, where the relations of
the emperor live. The empnfs has a
palace of her own, and ther(; are ao
i'mall ones for the concubineit. Befidct,
all the valfal kingi have eich n palaca
in the city, with a handlbmc ^Tar'.1en.
The houf(!8 of the common clal's ate
nothing but ground floor, the rooms
parted by folding fkrecns ; fo that they
can bo made larger or fnialler at plea-
fure. Jedo is feated in a plain at the
head of a Oiallow bay, and a river that
pafles through it fuppliesfeveral canals.
Lon. 139 30 E, lat. 36 10 N.

Jegun, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Gers, 8 m nnw Auch, and
13 s Condom.

Jehudy or Joud^ mountains in the
Nvr part of Ilindooftan, extending eaft-
ward from Attock to Bchnbur. They
are part of the territory of the moun-
taineers culled Gickers, Gehkers, or
Kakares.

Jekyli a fmall ifland of N America,
on the coaft of Georgia, s of the ifland
of St. Simon.

Jellafore, a town of Ilindooftan, in
Bengal, feated on the Subanreeka, 4»
m s by w Midnapour.

JeU'mghy, a town of Hindooftan, in
Bengal, on the right bank of the Ganges,
where a branch feparates from the
main dream, and is called the Jellinghy
river. It is 25 m E by s Moorjhedabad.

Jemappeet a new department of
France, including Auftrian Hainault
and a fmall part of Flanders- It has its
namie from a village, 3 m w by s Mons,
where the French, in 1792, obtained a
complete vi£U>ry over the Auftrlans.
The capital is Mons.

Jemptia, or Jemptlandy an inland
province of Sweden, in Nordland, 120
m lortg and 75 broad. The w part,
on the frontiers of Norway, is full of
craggy rocks and high mountains ; but
the E part is a champaign country,
watered b^ lakes and rivers. It is di-
vided into II pariflies, but has not one
town. The inhabitants fuofirt chiefly
by agriculture, grazing, hunting, and
Z

m

J ER

flOiing, »nd fupply the NorwegUni
with iron-ware, (tccU «nd ieathrri of
the lift they make (hoei, booti, and
jacketi that are proof againft wet.

Jtnot a ftrong town of Upper Sax-
onvt in Thuringia, with a caltle and a
celebrated unlverfity. Near this place,
in 1806, the Frt-nch defeated the Pruf-
funt, who (uffcrcd immeiifc lofi. It it
floated on the Saai, 10 m iia Weimar.
Lon. II 34 >• i^t. 50 55 jr.

Jinija \ fee Ytnifti.

Jemjkot \ fee Yenijeifk.

JtnitT, a town of Upper Saxony, in
the principality of Anhnlt'DefTiiu, litU'
ate on the Muldau, a ni ne Deffau-

Jtniixa, a town of European Turlccy,
ii; Macedonia, fituate on a lake which
communicates with the gulf of Saloni-
chi, by a canal, la m long. If is 14
m WNw Salonichi.

Je»0, a town of Upper Hungary, ao
m s Great Waradin, and 48 Nsiicgcdin.

Jtrtm'u, a town and cape on the H
fldn of the s peninfula of 8t- Domingo.
The town is fituate on an eminence, at
the mouth of a rivulet, and the vicinity
is particularljr excellent for the culture
of coffee. It II 130 m w Port au Prince.
Lon. 74 14 w, lat. 18 40 n.

Jerich; 9. town of Syria, in Paleftine,
once a famous ciiv* It is now culled
Herubi by the Arabs, and contains only
a few wretched huts, where fome beg-
garly Arabs reiide. It is 5 m w of the
river Jordan, and 10 k by w Jerufalem.

Jeriehot a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Magdeburg, fituate on
the Elbe, 32 m n ne Magdeburg.

Jermah, a town of the kingdom of
Eezzan, which aowconQftsofclay-built
cottages. Numerous herds of Hieep
and goats feed around it, and many ma-
jeftic ruins exhibit veftiges of its forme /
greatnefs. It is 60 m sc Mourzook.

Jet fey, an ifland in the Englifli chan-
nel. 18 m from the coaft o^ Normandy
in France, and 84 s frorn Portland in
Dorfetfliire. It is fub-'ed to the E..3-
lilh, but (till governed by the ancient
Norman laws. It is 30 m in circuit,
and difficult of accefs. on account of
the rocks, fands, and. forts erefted for
its defence. The vallies are finely
watered by brooks, and abound with
cattle and fmall fheep. It produces
excellent butter and honey, and the s
rart is nearly covered with app\e-trees
for cider. The number of inhabitants
is efti mated at ao,ooo, of whom 3000
bear arms. It has two towns, St.
Helier and St. Aubin, both fituate on
St. Aubin bay, on the s fide of the
inand. The town of St. Au^io ftan4«

.1 E R

ai the w end of tb« bay. and isinhahtf>
ed princip^ilty by merchants and man-
nrrt I but it «t not half the fizr of that
of St. V .IliT. It has a fort, called thu
Tower, and. on alof\y kill, the creation
of a cita<Jel ij now t.]r advanced. In
1781. .1 body of loo French troops
landed on this iflind, rurprifid the gar>
rilbn, tonk the g«)ViTnor prifon»T, and
compelled him to fign a capitulation ;
but major Pierfon, the nt'xt incommand,
rcfufmg to abide by this forced capitula-
tion, alt.ickcd the French, and made
them furrcndcr prifonern of war ; but
he was killed in tne moment uf victory.
See Utlitrt St.

Jtr/ey. Seiu, one of the United
States or America, 161 m long and sa
broad ; bounded on the J, by Hudfon
river and the Atlantic ocean, s bv
Delaware bay and river, w by PtinfvN
vania. and v by a line drawn from the
mouih of Mahakkamac river in lat. 41
a4 to a point in Hudfon river in lat. 41.
It it divided into 13 counties ; namely,
Cape Mary, Cumberland, Salem, Glou.
cefter, Burlington, Huiitcrdi^n, Suflex.
Bergen, Effex, Middlefex, Monmouth,
Somtrfct, and Morris; the !uft two are
mountainous* and one fourth of the
others are fandy and barren. The hilly
country feeds great quantities of cattli- ;
the barren part produces little elfe but
(hrub-oaks and vellow pines ; and tlu.*
Tandy lands yield an immenfe quantity
of bog iron ore, which is worked up tu
great advantage in the numerous iron-
works in this ftate. llie fo*l in oth<:r
parts is fertile, producing plenty of corn,
and fruit of all kinds common to the
climate. The principal rivers are, be-
fide the boundary onesi the Hackiniac,
Pafiaic, and Kariton. In 18 10 the
number of inhabitants was 345,56:
Trenton is the capital.

JerufaUm, a fariious city of SyriK, in
Paleftine. It was the capital Ot Judea,
after David had conquered the Jebufite ;
and in the reign of Zcdekiah. it wasi
taken by Nebuchadnezzar, who led
the Jews captive to Babylon, it was
afterward taken by the Romanst and
ruined, together with the Temple, 70
years after the birth of Chrift, as was
foretold by him- Emperor Adrian built
a new city, near the ruins of ancient
Jerufalcm; including the fummit ot"
Mount Moriah. and a fmall part of
Mount Sion. It was taken by the Per-
fians in 614, and the Saracens in 6j<>
In 1099 it was retaken by the crufaders,
who founded a kingdom that lafted 88
years, under nine kings Saladin, king
ofEgyytand Syrb, gotpofleffioaofit

f, and ii inhahi<-»
haul* and m»ri-
f the flx'' of lh«t
I fort, cttUed the
' kill, the ireiUon
jr a'J»»iiccd. I"

0 French tro«>p»
(urpTlftd lh< g"*
iM>r prifonfr, and
-n a capitulation ;
!n«*xt in command,
ill forced capitula-
ffcnch, and made
jnern of war ; but
moment of irittory.

,e of the United
i6i m long and Si
, the i by Hud Ion
»ntlc ocean, » by
river, w by P«nfvl-
bi" drawn from the
mac river in lat. 41
dfon riter in lat. 4>'

1 counties ; namely,
Irland, Salem, Clou.

Hunterdon, sulTcx,
ddlet'e*, Monmouth,
rriii thelafttwoart-

I one fourth of f,,
idbamn. Thehily
It Quantiiiea of cattle;
orfucet little clfe but
hUow pinea; andthi:
an immenfe quantity
rhich iB worked up to
n the numevow iron-
e ITjc foil in other
ducing plenty of corn,

tindi common to the
incipal rivers are, be-
r oneo, the Hackinlac,
riton. In liJ'o «>«
blUntt was a45»5»«

pit»l« ,« . .

r.>ous city of Syria, 111

» the capital of Judea,
onqueredthcjebufite-,
, ol Zedekiah. it wa*
ichadnexzar, who Icci
^ to Babylon. It wa!

by the Romans, and
r with the Temple, 70
birth of Chrift, as was

Emperor Adrian bull
ir the ruins of ancient
luding the fummit ot
. and a fmaU part of
t was taken by the Pet-

md the Saracens, in 63».
etakenbythecrufadcr^

kingdom that lafted 8
Ine kings Saladin.k.
lyria, got poffcffion of H

J E R

In 1187. The Turku «'xpellfd the Ssra-
cent in 1417, havi* kept pofr<'fli«>ii of it
ivcr finer, and call it Htlttdi^ that Is,
the Holy City. They hive .i cnvernor
here, who !ivr« in great ftate. I'hc city
has ftc»'Q afcrnta on evi-iy fide, except
ihc f ; and being almoft hirroiindcd by
valleys encompafTed with moiintain^, it
fof m« to ft.md in the middle of an am-
phitheatre, and prefcnti, to the ap-
proaching travfllor, a magnificent af-
lemblage of domes, towers, pal.icei,
rliurchen, nnd monadcries. It ii of a
filiiare form, fiirrounded by a wall, in
which are (l:c gates, and is nearly 3 m In
circuit. The brook Ktdron flows in the
valley on its k lide, alone the font of
Mount Olivet. The houics are lofty,
with flat roofs ; and as no windows ap-
pear on the lower ftoiies, and thofe
above are latticed, the ftrcrts which .ire
narrow, feem to be between hi'»!i walls.
The baz.irs ar>- covered over, .md have
few articles in them cxpofed fjr fiilr,
through fear of Turkifli rapacii y. The
Armenians and Jews difpole of ivs manu-
fadturci to a great extent ; theft* are
beads, rofaries, amulets, crnfTes, Oiclls,
8:c. The (bolls (moth-r-of-pearl) arc
formed into various fliapes ; the largclt
and moft perfcit are made into clafps
for the zones of the Grecian ladies of
C) -us and the Archipelago. But what
p-niicrs the city confiderable Is the great
rffott of pilgrims; for the inhabitants
accommodate them with lodgings and
provilions, which is their chief buflncfs.
A bafhaw, with a guard of janiflaries,
always refides here, to proteA them
from the Anibs. The Church of the
Holy Sepulchre, which the pilgrims
came principally to vifit) was a farge
ftru^ture, with a round nr>ve, and had
no light, but what came through the
top; and diredtly under the opening
ofthedom^, was the Holy Sepulchre,
placed in a fmall chapel, with three
ho1(s in the roof, to let out the fmoke
of many lamps, which were always kept
lighted. The whole of this building
was dcftroyed by fire in 1810. The
mofque of Omar, built by a caliph of
that name, in the feventh century, on
the fide of the temple of Solomon, is a
lofty Saracenic edifice ; with a capacioi. s
dome, and tlie moft magnificent piece
ofarchitcd^.ire in the Turkifh empire.
The Francifcan monaftcry of St. Sal-
vador is a laige building like a fortrefs ;
and a part of it, furrou'nding : fpacious
open court, is appropriated to the re-
ception of pilgrims, for whc'e mainte-
nance the monks have confiderable
Uind8. The Armenian monaftciy 'n the

Jl D

Urged in the city, :in<l Is maintained in
adegrreoforlenf.il Splendor. Jcrufjlcni
is II) m sw Damafcus, and 175 nk
8ii«7,. Lon. jj JO >., lat. ;^x 47 >;.

JfJ, a town of It. sly, In AnccnJi,
fcatcd on a mountain, n* .ir the livi r
Fiiimcfins, tj m w*w Anama.

'ftjfflmere^ a town of lliiiduon.in, !tl
the province of Agimere, and rirc.ir of
Bick.niifer, 70 m w by n Miclv.ine« r.

Jt'i,'o^ a l.irkte ifland, lyiuK lictwccii
thofe of Niphon and Saghnlu n. Jt is
c1 an lin-gular >.)rm, 350 m htpg and
from 80 to :i'j broad ; the narrow pari
is in the s, toward Niphoi;, from wiiieli
it h fcparatcJ by the llr^it of Sanger.
It Vi full of wo'tds ; and the naMven, who
live by lifliin}; and hunting, arc llrong,
robuft, Hivage, mid flovenly, when cum-
pared to the Jap.ini fc. They are called
AinoN, and arc now driven (Vom tiic
fouthein parts of the iiliiid by thn
Japunefc, who have here liinie colonies.
The i1;ind is generally detm'd Itibjedt
to Japan ) but it may be rather con-
fi Icred as a foreign conquelt than as a
part of the civilized enipire. Their
principal fettlement Is Matfumay, and
they givR that name to the whole ifland.
The sE point is in Ion. 14230 k, lat.
40 ?o K.

Jf/us cfCoulemu, the capital of the
province of Itata, in Chili. It is cele-
brated for excellent wine, and ft.inds
near the mouth of the Ii.ita, 50 m i*
Conception. Lon. 7a ao w, lat. 36 1 s.

Jnnr, a town of WtAphalia, in E
FricOand, capital of a territory of its
name, a8 m ne Embden.

If, an ifland In the Meiiiterr?nean, on
the coaft of France, the moft eaftern of
the three before the harbour of Mar-
feilles, and well fortified.

Iglau, a fortified town of Moravi::,
capital of a circle of the fame name,
with two convents and a college. Good
cloth is manufatflurcd here, and the
commerce in corn and hemp is confi-
derable. It is feated on the I-li, 40 m
WNwBrinn. Lon. 1532 e, l.it. 49 28 n.

Iglefias^ a town of Sardinia, and a
bifliop's fee, 37 m wsw C'agliari. Lon.
8 39 t, lat. 30 18 K.

Ihor ; fee Johore.

Jiddoi a feaport of Arabia Felix, on
the Red Tea, in the flieritTate of Mecca.
A very confiderable trade is carried on
here, this city being a mart between
Egypt and India. The fliips from Suea
feldoin procc-ed further than this port,
and thofe from India are not fufiered to
advance to Suez. The Englilh are par-
ticularly favoured in the trade of this
place- Jidda has no frcih water) ansl
Z 7,

ILC

U Atuate in a barren Uittl^f liiftriA, 34
m wiw Mrccii, of which it it the port.
Lon. 11; 11 r, lai. ai so n-

Jiniala, a tuwti of Ncgrutnndt capi*
tal of an ifland fo called, which ii form*
rd by two branchcn of the Niger that
fep^iratc at leaving the Uko Dibbici und
unite again about 15 m from Tombuc-
too. The town it a rcfting place for
traders between Tombu^too and thr
wi'ftern p>irt. of the rountrv. It ftandt
on the w branch of the Niger, 80 m
sw Tombudloo- Lon. o 16 k, iat.
16 4 N.

JioHfiour, A town ofllindooftan, ca-
pitiil of a circar of the fame name, in
Allahabad, It U ieated on the Ooomty i
and net far from the conflux of that
river with the Ganges U the fort of
JioHnoiir, on a high bank commanding
the bridge over the Ooomty- This
place was at one time the f<>at of an
empire; and (ultun Shirki built the

Sreat muijud, or maufolcuni, which is
ill remaining. The Itonr bridge over
the Ooomty conflfts of 16 pointed
arches ; and on thn top of it are manv
little (hops on both fides. It was built
in 1567, and has hitherto withftood the
force of the ftreum, which, in the time
of the rains frequently flows over the
bridge; and in 1774 a brigade of the
Britifh army paHcd over it in boats.
Jionpour is 48 m nw Benares. Lon.
8a «5 K, Iat. 15 45 n.

lAeru, a town of Hindooftan, in Myr*
fore, formerly the capital of a princi-
pality. The lad rajah fled in 1789, for
Ifear Tippoo Ihould compel him to be-
come a Moofelmin, and foon after pro-
cured a friendly Nair toflioot him dead.
It was of a great fize, furrounded by
three concentric walls ; but the court
being removed to Nagara, the inhabit-
ants willingly followed, and devada-
tion fuccccded. Ruins, and a large
temple in ^ood repair, are all that re-
mains. It IS 24 m N Nagara.

J/a ; fee I/Ja.

Jlak, or Jalak, a town of Nubia, on
the river Nile, fuppofed by fome to
be the ancient Meroe. Lon. 34 30 e,
Iat. 18 48 N.

Ilanz, a town of Swiflerland, in the
canton of Grifons, formerly capital of
the Grey League. It is partly furround-
ed by walls, and feated on the Rhine,
23 m sw Coire.

Ilcheftert or Ivelchefter, a borough in
Somerfetfhire, with a market on Wed-
□cfday. It is of great antiquity, and
once had 16 churcheS} but now only
one, at the w end of which is an oAa-
goaal towerj fuppored to be built with

ILL

Koinan nateriaU. Here ar* alfo v.«-
rlotii relic* of monaftic antlquitiee. ft
It the biithpl.icc of th« celebrated
Roger Bacon. Theele/\ion of the coun-
ty mcmb<rt it held here, and here alfo
Is the county gaol. It it feated un the
Ivrl, 16 m a by w Wtllt, and ia> w by
% London. Lon. } 37 w, Iat. 50 )6 n.
lldffumfh^ Si. A town of Spain, in New
CalMIr, noted tor amAgniflccnt fummcr

[)aljce. built by Philio v, and for a
arge manuf-tiiturc of glalt, beloii({inK lo
the crown. It it (cated on the Cogol-
ludo, 5 m N Uzeda.

lUffonj'ot St. a town of N«'w Spain,
in the province of Guax.ic.i, Ic.itcd on a
mouiituin, 70 ni r.nv. Guaxaca. Lon.
97 ao w, Ut. 17 < N.

l/tltrton, a village in Northumber.
land, 4 m t Woolcr. On n hill near it
it a fcmicircular encampment, defended
by two high lampiers of earth, and a
deepfofle, with an inner circle of Aones,
which appear uncemcntcd. The aro
is about 100 yards diameter, and con*
tains many remains of biiiUlingb.

Jlfraeomh, a leaport in DevonOiire, f(o.
verncd by a mayor, with a market on Sj*
tuid.iy. It hat a (pacioiis natural bafln,
with a good oier and quay, projedtini;
into the Briflol channel. Thin port em*
ploys a number of brigs and (loops,
chiclly in carrying ore from t'ornwall,
coal from Wales, and corn from Briltol,
alio a number of fiftiing fliilTri, which
take foles, turbots, &c. for the Briftol
market. It is 49 m nnw Exeter, and
aoa w London. Lon. 4 < w, Iat. 51 14 n.

I/fieoJt a province of orafil, s of tliat
of All Saints Bay. The chief town, ut
the fame name, Rands at the mouth of
the river llheos, 130 m ssw St. Salvador.
Lon. 40 15 w, Iat 14 S<( >>

I/Auchf a town of Poland, in the pa-
latinate of Cracow, remarkable for its
filvcr and lead mines ; feated in a barren
country, at the foot of feveral mountains,
15 m NW Cracow.

JlUt a town of France, in the depart-
ment of Eallcrn Pyrcnnees, on the river
Tcck, 10 m SE Perpignan.

Ille and VVaine, a department of
France, containing part of the late pro-
vince of Bretagne. It takes its nrnie
from two rivers, which unite at Renue:>i
the capital of the department.

Illen a river of Germany, which rifcs
in Tyrol, runs n through Suabia, by
Kempten, Memmingen, and Kirchberg)
and joins the Danube near Ulm.

IlUicast a town of Spain, in Ne^
Caftile, 15 m ssw Madrid, and 15 nn£
Toledo.

Iinnoh, a river of the United States,

be United States,

1 M i:

formed by thv Jundion t<f the ChlcjRU
.ind Theakiiti, tn'^r ihr • ctul ut I.ikf
Michigan, which laiitf* n *w couric of
■iKO m ;irui cntrr* tU<- Mitfinippii .)« m
.nf><»vr the Innnx of dir Midou by a
mouth 4ooyard>i wid( Itnuwaiuroiigh
A rich fertile country, and receive* a
v.ift numhtr of riviri that are iiatlRable
lor hoata from 15 to iH j milra.

I//inoii, .1 lutKf trrritory ol'thf f Jnitcd
SUtci, bounded ou the n by Upper
C.inAdj, K by the territory orMiclii^.in,
^ by linii.in<i, and vv by Louitiana. Ttiia
(' niiitry i* .it prrlrtit little known, .iiid
tlic white iiih;)bittntr .ire few. In iHio
ihi! uopuUtioii W.M IliSXl-

liJoft, a ttrotig town of Sclavonia,
fc.itcd on the n.nuibi*, 15 m w PiJtrr-
war.ulln, .ind 35 nvv Belgrade.

Urn, a town of (Jppcr Sixony, In the
upper coMHty of Scliw.irt/burg, on the
river Ihn, ii^ m nw Kudelll.utt, und 14
8 bv K Erfurt.

liinen, a Like uf RufTia, in thr govern-
mrni of Novoi^urod, ^R m long and
from lato iH bro.-id. This Like com-
municatcH with that of Ladoga to the s,
by th<> ri\rr Volkhof ; and to the a, by
the Mlla, thi." Woloc/.ok canal, and the
Ti-ver/a, it communic.ttcs with the
river Volga.

Ilmenau, a town of Upper Saxony, in
the county of Ilenneburg. Near it in a
mineral (pring, uifo n copper and fdver
mine. It is fcAtcd near the fourcc of
the llm, 17 m ksr Smalkalden.

Ilmtnjhr, a town in Somcrfetfliire,
with .1 market on Saturday, and n manu-
fadlure of narrow cloths. Here in n
handfomc church, with a glazid tower,
and a freefchool founded by Edward v 1.
It is I'eutcd amon^ hills, near the river
Ille, 16 m sw Wells, and 136 w by s
London.

Ufeyt a town in Berkihire, with a
market on Wednefday, feated between
two hillS) 14 m NW Re.iding, and 54 w
London.

lljlt a town of Holland, in Friedand,
Teated on the Weymar, la m s Le-
warden.

lyiropt a town of Sweden, in W
Gothland, a; m sse Qotheborg.

Iltent a town of Lower Saxony, in the
principality of Luneburg, 16 m ssw Zell.

Utxhofen^ a town of Suabia, in the
territory of Halle, 8 m ne Halle.

Imbrot an iiland in the Archipelago,
about ao m in circuit. It is mountain-
0U8 and woody, with plenty of game.
Lon. a5 44 e, lat. 40 10 N.

Imeritia, or Imerethi, a country of
Afii, which with Miogrelia compre-
hends the ancient Colcbii. It is bouod-

rd (in the N by Cjucalla, I by Georgia,
of which it wan formerly a part, • by
Turkith Armenia, and w by Ouriel
and Mingrrlia The revrnui'* of thif
ci.ar arife from a contribution of the
peaftnti in winr, grain, aiitl cattle, nnd
from the tribute of the nclghbourini(
princes t and among the extraordinary
lource* of rrvenup, conflfcation^ hav«
a conlidrrable (h.ir«. This country,
as well as Mingrclij, is now depend*
ent on Kudiu. The inhabitants, eiti-
mated at a 0,000 familim, arc Icatttrcd
over the country in fmall hamlets.
They fend yearly coufidcrable <|uan«
titles of wiiK* to the Neighbouring parts
uf Georgia* in le,-itlirrn bags, carried by
horfcM i out they are without manufac-
tures, very poor and miferible, and
cruelly opprrfled by their landlords.
The Imerethians are of the Greek r»-
ligion. Their churches .ire fcurcely to
tie diltinguilhed from common cottages,
but by a paper crol's over the principal
door, ana lome paintings of the virgin
and the f.iii)ts. Cutais is the capital.

Immtnhauj'en, a town of Germany,
in the principality of Ilofle-Caflcl, 8 m
NKw CafTel.

Immrnjiadi, a town of Suabia, in the
couti y of Koiiigfegg, fltuate on a Imall
river, which loon after joint the Her,
tarns Kempten.

Jmola, an epifcopal town of Italy,
in Romagna, with a Arong citadel It
is furrnunded by walls, towers, and
ditches; contains 16 churches and 17
conventfi and isfeated on the Santerno,
13 m w by fl Ravenna, and 45 nnb
Florence. Lon. 1 1 45 e, lat. 44 28 tt.

Imperial^ a town of Chili, formerly a
fine city, but deftroyed by the Indians,
feated on a river of its name, which
flows into the Pacific ocean, 60 m n
Valdivia.

Incot .1 town of Majorca, furrounded
by vineyards and ulmond-trces, at m
NE Pulma.

Inchbrayockt a fmall iRand of Scot-
land, in Forfarihire, within the mouth
of the S Elk, near Montrofe. It is lately
become of importance from its two
bridges; one of done, which communi-
cates with the fouthern ihore, the other
a draw-bridge, which connedts the idand
with Montrofe. It has alio a large and
convenient dry dock.

Inchcolm, a fmall idand of Scotland, in
the frith of Forth, near the village of
Aberdour, on the coaft of Fife. Here is
a fmall fort, ercAed by government for
the prote^ion of the fnth. Alfo the
ruin of a famous monaftery, founded by
Alexander i, who was driven to this

Ik

f'K

r Ml

Ifland III a trmpcftt and hofpitAbly UMt*
t(l by a hrrmU. *

tmhg^rvit, A (Vnall ifland o^ {lrol<
|\tul. nrarty In thf mulitU <>> the |U(I.ikc
over the Forth, At Quccnufrrry, in I.Jn-
itthguwihirc in 1799, ita fortiHcAtiona
vvcrr rcp.iir<(i. and lour 14 poundfri
mounlril iin Ihrm.

iHilikftik, a fin ill injnd of Sootland.
In the trith >f Konh, lyiiiR miiiwAv br-
twrni thr ()ort« t>i Lcith 4iul KiiiKnorn.
IIoT** ii an rxcvliciit lighthrufc, and a
ruiii'tiii iort'

Iufhrntiriee, ,1 Imall ilLind of Scot*
land, on the »w Adn of thr ifli* of Mule-
nf* hi* ruin of .1 ch ipel dedicated to St.
M.4rnoc ii Kill to \k Icrn | and on the w
tidr are vail Itnitaoi't-oral and ihrlli.

Ir.f/tii, a town of Swrden, in McdeU
p.idia.«>n a river of the fame tiamr, near
itf* ciurancc into the fuli'of Uutl)iii.i| ij
ni N l>y w i<iinil!wAld-

Itiditpnur \ (vt InJrapour.

IndfH IlntuH, a tnu II of Chinrft' Tar-
tary, capital uf the Muntchcw Tartar*,
ivhcre they W^xn to cftabiilh thrir em-

tire ovir China- It U 410 m knc Pe-
ine. I.on. 114 36 I, lat- 41 45 N.
India, an extcnfive region in Afu,
lying between 66 and 93 a ton. and 7
and 35 N lat- Under this name the
Kuropeani have included all the couin
triei which lie 11 of Tartary, and extend
from the fallern frontiers of Perfia lo
the eaftcrn co.ilks of China. But the
name of India can he appliedi with
propriety, to that country only which
i> dilHiiguilhcd both in Alia and Europe
by the name of Hinduodan- The ceun>
tries to the k of the river Burampnotcr
(.namely Aracan, Adam, Birmah, Cam-
lM>dia,Cochinchina, Lao, Malacca, Pegu,
hiam, and Tonquin) which Ibme geo-
graphers have diAinguiHird by the name
of India beyond the Ganges, arc no
more to be confidered as belonging to
India, than the bordering countries of
Perda, Tartary, and Tibet. Sec //<«-

Indiana, a teriitory of the United
States of America; bounded on the n
by the territories ci Illinoin-and Mi-
chijran, u Ly the Great Miami, which
divides it in part from the ftate of Ohio,
s by the river Ohio, which feparatcs it
from Kentucky, and w by the river Mif-
fiiTippi, which part.'* it from Loiiifiana.
The other principal rivers are the Illinois
and Wabalh. This country contains
much fine land ; but the white inhabit-
ants are at prcfcnt few. In 18 10, the
])opulation was 24,5^0. Vincennes is
tlie capital

Indians, the name by which the ori-<

I N I)

final natives of America ar^ f<>n<*rallf
call«d. Thrfr people are CcatUrrcd

through the ittent of the two vaA con-
tiitrni*! of whtMn it is iiblrrvshlc, tlut
there is a natural dillmCtion bctwcrn
the nalivi's of the temperate xom^s and
thole of the torrid xone i .>nd that, ac*
cnrdiiigly, they may be diviil^l Into tw«»
grr.it (lairs The one comptrticnU
-dt the N Amtiicaus, from thr river St.
[.jwrcncc to the gulf of Mexico, to|{r>
liter with the propic of Chili and a tew
fm.ill trilics tow.tnl the extremity of
the foul hern continent. To die other
belong all the inh.tbitaiits of the iOands
and iholv f'ttled in the provincci, which
extend from the iUhmut of Daritn, si-
molt to the r.)Uthrrn conhnes of Uralil,
along the 1 r.<lf oi thf Andes. In tlie
former, which coniprchrndu all the re-
gions of the t«'mp«'ralr /.otun in Antetici
that are inhahitcd. the human I'pccid
appears maiiilcitly to be inure petfeiit.
The natives are more lobull, active, in-
telli|(ent, and couragcuuH; and have
defended tlicir liberty wiiii pirlcvcring
fortitude a^'ainlt the Europeans, who
fubdued ihs other rude nations uf
America, with the greaicit talc. The
natives of the temperate /ones are the
only people in the New VVoiUl who
are indebted for their freeilom to their
own valour. The N American!*, though
long encompalli-d by three fortridabic
European powers, retain part of their
original poflvnions } and the people of
Chili, though early invaded, itill main*
tain a gallant contell with the Spa-
niards, and luve fct bounds to their en-
croachments. Ill the warmer ngioni,
the men are more feeble in their hanie,
lefs vigorous in the ifl'oris of their
mind, of a gentle but daRardly Ipirit,
more enflaved by pleafure, and more
funk in indolence. Accordingly, it ii
in the ton id zone that the Europeans
have moft efte«aually eftablilhcd their
dominion over America ; and if fe-
vcral tribes there ftill enioy independ-
ence, it is either hecaufe they have never
been attncked by an enemy already fa-
tiated with contpiell, and poflelVed of
largerterriiories than he was able to oc-
cupy, or becnufc they have been faved
from oppreinon by their remote and in-
acceflible fituniion. This dillindtion,
however, although fo confpicnous, i*
not univerfal. Of the manners of the
N American Indians a general idea may
be formed by an account of thole who
inhabit the countrica to the e of the
Miffiffippi. Thefe confilt of j« difftr-
ent nations; the principal of which
are the ChrrokecB, Chickafaws, Choc-

til

<C4 •r*» ftrxKfallf
ipic Ate fiMlUrrd
)i ihe two vaft um-
i« oblrrvahlct t>ut
lildcuiliuii bctwcrn
rmpcMtr xonn aoil
tnr . .'(Ill iKut, ic*
t)c tliviilcd into tW(t
)nv comptrhrmig
»rom thr nvcr St.
If (if Mrxico, to* r«
of ( liili uitd .1 Icvr
the rxtrcmity of
nil. To i\\< other
itjiiitl of the in:iiuia
K* provincri, winch
mil* of Darit-n, al*
1 conhnrg of Kr^iil,
Andci. Id |Ii«
prchrniU all the re-
ito /iiint. ill Antcrici
thr hitman Iprciri
tf) he more pcrfriK
ITV Kibiill, a^llvc, in<
mkcouh; and havf
ty vviiii p« rlfvirirg
le Europ^aiii, who
:r rudr n.itioni uf
I Krcatcit taU*. The
pcralf y.oiiei an" the
I* Ntw WoiUl who
icir frfodom to their
M Amcricms, though
by three forinidablc
retain part of their
I i and tlif pcoplf of
r invadodi Itili nuin«
it«'ll with thn Spa-
t boundi to thfir en-
the warmtr ngionii
Ft'eLU- in their lianie,
the ift'urts of their
but daftardly (pirit,
ploafure, and more
Accordingly, it it
that the Europeans
illy fflablillted their
mcrica ; and if fe-
llill enjoy indcpend-
:aufe iney have never
in enemy already h-
ttt, and poflTcneil of
an he was able to OC'
hoy have been faved
their remote and in-
. Thin diftinftion,
1 fo confpicnous, i»
' the manners of the
>« a general idea may
ccount of thofe who
1M to the E of the
■ confiU of a8 differ-
principal of which
, Chickafaws, Chuc-

1 NO

tawra, Crrt k«. UrUwart*, the Six N4'
tioni, thr Ah4W4ti«*('r, iiuroni, lllliiuli,
he- Allowing about 700 to 4 nation
or Iribfi they will cnniain In all totooo
fouli, and may fiirniih atiout ioc>« war*
riori. '1 lirle Indiana <l4rlicn thrir com-
picxion, by .moiniiii)^ ihrmfclvit with
Krcafr ind lyinx In thr fun. Thrv alfo
paint thrir tace, Iire4l(. and nioultlrrl.
of vition . colour!, but iiriirrally red (
and In many pirta of thi ir biKlira tl.ry
prick in fttinpowder in wcll-flcii|(iird
Hvjiirra. They ar^ of mMtlle ftaiuir,
thrir limb* clem and Itraight, and thrir
fr.iturri well formt-d, cfpriiilly thofe
of the women. They Ihtvc or p'.iick
the hair oft' their heudi, rxci pt a patch
about the crown, which It ornumentrd
with f<-4tlu'r«, be.tdii, wampum, and
fiicli like b;iii!.)ica Tlirlr ran are
bored, and itretchrd by a thon^ down
to tlicir Iboiildera. They are wound
round with win* to cxp.tnd tium, and
adorned with iilvcr pendant*, rin^i,
and belli, which ihey likewifr wear in
their nofea. Some ot them pierce the
cartilai{0 of thr nofe, and paU through
it a large fc.ithi-ri and thofc who can
aflford it wear a coll.r of wampum, n
Iilvcr brcaltpl itc. anu bracelets on the
arms and wtilti. A piece of cloth
about the middle, a ftiirt of thr Eifglilh
make, on which they brltow innumrra-
blc Hitches to adorn it, a fort of cloth
boots and mock'tfonA. which are ftiors
of a mike pcculijrto thr Indiann, orna-
mented with porcupine quills, with a
blanket tlirowii over all, complete their
drcl's at home } but when they sd to
M'ar they leave their trinkets behind.
There is little difterence between the
drelii of the men and women, excrpt-
ing that a (hort petticoat, and the hair,
which is exceedingly black and long,
and clubbed behind, diftinguilh Tome
of the latter. Their warlike arms are
guns, bows and arrows, darts, fcalping
knives, and tomahawks ; the laft is one
of their moft ufrful pieces of field fur-
niture, fcrving all the offices of the
hatchet, pipe, and fword ; and they are
exceedingly expert in throwing it. The
world has no better markfmen with any
weapon ; they will kill birds flying,
fiihe8fwimmin^,andwildbeafts running.
They are not fo ignorant as Ibme fup-
pofe them, but are quick of apprrhen-
lion, fudden in execution, fubtle in bufi-
nefs, exquifite in invention, and induf-
trious in aAion. They are of a gentle
and amiable difpoiition to thofe they
think their friends, but as implacable in
their enmity; their revenge being com-
pleted only by the entire deftruction of

IN 1)

tb«lr enrmles. They arc very hardy,
hruint ht%t, cold, hunger, and thirrt,
in a lurpriilnR manner « and yet nu
people are nsurt addicted to excefa hi
eating and drinking, when It i« in thrir
power. TIm follira, nay milichicf, thry
commit, when inebriated, arc mtirclv
imputed to the liquor • and no one will
rcveiigr any Injury (murder excrptcd)
itxTivrd from one who laiio more liim«
Iclf. Amr>iig the Indiana all mcik art*
equal, perfonal qualities being molt ef«
teemed No diftin^tiun of birth, or
rank, renders any man capable of doing

f>rrjudice to the rights of private per-
(>n«: and ihcrr ia no pre-eminence from
merit, which brgets pridv, and which
makes others too fenltblr of their own
infiilorlty. Their public conferences
fhow them (o be mm of genius i and
they have in a hi^h degree the talent of
natural elo<)Uence. 1 hey live dilperfed
in villages, either in thr woods, or on
the banks of riven, where they have
little plantatioiM of maixr and roots,
not enough to lupply their familirk half
the year | aiul tliry fublid, the remain*
der of it, by hunting, fdhing, and fowl-
ing, and the fruits of the earth, which
grow fpontaneoufly in great plenty.
Their huts are generally t>uilt ot fmall
logs, and covered with bark | each hav>
ing a chimney, and a door, on which
they place a padlock One of their
towns, called Old Chelicothe, is built
in the form of a parallelogram ( and
fomc of their houfes are thingled. A
long council-houfe extends the whole
length of the town, where the king and
chiefs of the nation frequently meet,
and confult on all matters of impoit*
ancc, whether civil or military. Some
huts are built by fettin^ up a frame on
forks, and placing bark agamfl it; others
of reeds, and lurrountfed with clay.
The fire is in the middle of the wigwam,
and the (moke paffes through a little
hole. They ioin reeds together by cords
run through them, which Arve them
for tables and beds. They moAly lie
upon (kins of wild beafts, and fit on the
ground. They have bral's kettles and
pots to boil their food. Gourds or
calabaihes, cut afunder, ferve them for
pails, cups, and diihes. The account!
of travellers, concerning their religion,
are various ; and although it cannot he
abfolutcly atiirmed that iney have none,
yet it is very difficult to define what it
IS. All agree that ihey acknowledge
one Supreme God, but do not adore
him. They have not feen him, they
dp not know him ; bclicvmg him to be
(b far exalted above them, aud tuo

i

/

IND

happy in himfcif, to be concerned about
the trifling affairs of poor mortals.
They Jct-m alfo to b«lievc in a future
(late, and that after d»*ath they ihsll he
removed to their friends who have ^one
before them, to an clylium or paradife.
The WyandortB, near Detroit, and lome
others, h.ivr? the Roman eithotic reli-
gion introduced among them by raif«
fioriarics. Tlief; have a church, a mi-
niftiT, and a rcijular burying ground.
Many of them appear zpaioun, and fay
pray ITS in their familien. Thcle, by
their acquaintance with white people,
are a little civilifcd, which moft of no-
ccfTity procedf Chriftianity. The Sha-
wanefe, Cherokers. Chiclcafliws, and
fomc others, are little concerned about
religion. Oihers continue their former
luperftitious worHiip of the objects of
their love and fear, and efpecially thofe
beings whom they molt dread; though,
at the fame time it ia allowed they pray
to the f' I, and other inferior benevo-
lent deities, for fucccfs in their undcr-
takinps, for plenty of food, and other
neccflaries of life. Thcj* have their
feftivals, and other rejoicmg dayi, on
whirh Ihey fing and dance in a ring,
taking hands, having ib painted and
difguifed themfelves, that it is difficult
to know any of them ; and after enjoy-
ing this diverfion for a while, they retire
to the place where they have 'prepared
a feaft of fifli, flefli, fowl, and fruit 5 to
which all are invited, and entertained
with their country fongs. They be-
lieve that there is great virtue in feafts
for the fick, which is concluded by
finging a mod: harmonious, melan-
choly fong ; in which (train their mu-
(ic is particularly excellent. As they
approach their towns, when feme of
their people are loft in war, they make
great lamentations for their dead, and
bear them long after in remembrance.
Some nations abhor adultery, do not
approve of a plurality of wives, and
arc not guilty of theft ; but there are
other tribes notfo fcrupulous. Among
the Chickafaws, a hu(band may cut
off the nofe of his wife, if guilty of
adultery ; but men are allowed greater
liberty. This nation defpifes a thief.
Among the Chcrokees, they cut off the
nofe and ears of an adultrefs; after-
ward her hufband givc'S her a difcharge,
and from this time (he is not permitted
to refufe any one who prefents him-
felf. Fornication is unnoticed ; for they
allow perfens in a (ingle ftate unbounJ-
ed frecdt.in . Their form of marriage is
fljort : the man, befoi'c witneffes, gives
the bride a deer^e foot, and (he in re-

IND

turn prefents him with an ear of corn, ai
emblems of their feveral duties. The
women are very flaves to the men ;
which is ufual in rude unpoliihed na-
tions throughout the world. Their
king has no power to put any one to
death by his own authority ;, but the
murderer is generally delivered up to
the friends of the dcccafed, to do as
thoy pleafe. When one kills another,
his friend kills him, and fo they con-
tinue until much blood is (hed ; and
at laft the quarrel is ended by mutual
prefents. Their kings are hereditary,
but their authority extremely limited.
No people afiTurd a more ftriking evi-
dence of the mifcriei5 to which mankind
are expoled *^rom the want of govern-
ment than they. Every chief, when of-
fended, breaks off with a party, fettles
at fome di/tance, and then commences
hodilities againft his own people. They
are generally at war with each other.
When they take captives in war, they
are exceedingly cruel, treating the un-
happy prilbners in (uch a manner, that
death would be preferable to life. They
load them with burdens, and when they
arrive at their towns, thoy mud run the
gauntlet. In this the favagrs excrcife
fo much cruelty, that one would think
it impoffible they fliould furvive their
fuffcrings. Many are killed ; but if one
outlives this trial, he is adopted into
a family as a fon, and treated with pa-
ternal kindnefs. But fometimeit their
prifoncrs are deftined to be tortured to
death, in order to fatiate the revenge of
their conquerors. While their lot is
in fufpenfe, the prifoners appear alto-
gether unconcerned about what may
befall them ; and when the fatal fen-
tence is intimated to them, they receive
it with unaltered countenance, raife
their death-fong, and prep'^e to fuffer
like men. The prifone are tied
naked to a (take, but fo as to be at
liberty to move round it. AH prefent,
men, wonien, and children, rufli upon
them like furies ; fome burn their limbs
with red-hot irons, fome mangle their
bodies with knives, others tear their
fle(h, pluck off their nails, and rend and
twift their finews. In fpite of all their
fufferings, the victims continue to
chaunt their death-fong with a firm
voice ; they boaft of their own exploits,
i!iey infult their tormentors for their
want of (kill to avenge the death of
their friends and relations, they warn
them of the vengeance which awaits
them for what they are now doing, and
excite their ferocity by the moft pro-
voking reproaches and threats. Weary

rofcorn»ai
utiea. The

the men ;
>ohlhed na-
Id. Their

any one to
y ; but the
ered up to
I, to do as
ills another,

0 they con-
(hed ; and

1 by mutual
hereditary,

ely limited.
ftriking evi-
ch mankind

of govern-
ef, when of-
;uty, fettles
commences
opie. They
each other,
n war, they
ing the un-
tanner, that
ulife. They
d when they
nuft run the
grs excrcife
ATould think
iirvive their
; but if one
ilopted into
ed with pa-
Etimes their
tortured to
e revenge of
their lot is
appear alto-

what may
le fatal fen-
they receive
nance, raife
I'-e to fuffer
are tied
as to be at
All prefent,
I, ruih upon
1 their limbs
nangle their
3 tear their
nd rend and
; of all their
:ontinue to
vith a firm
wn exploits,
irs for their
be death of
, they warn
hich awaits
7 doing, and
B moft pro-
it«. Wearjf

!

■,H«»,.«lt*h'!l»

I? i *^ ..

Ctun.of ^ua. D^

CtbnmndUAuU

JCquator <^- Ei|ii inodUl Line

Xonvitudc

A/

'.»'<''

i^

feni,

.em^urSv

ar»- ' ^«wi|ii^

»»»'• • «<•••• 'M .•/.■ .«««r**«w»ip «««•• cMPt ■• •

• «•#•». • "^ *-•

, t

V • / •

/(rf*

/Mm/.

^-^

* /

ill

■•^»-TfH» -!.*> ••t'klM*<4J

tL

iJi'

'pMTKuia
Dominic I

J*.

L-?.

INO

at length with contcmling with men
whofe conibncy th«y caiinnt vanauUli,
fbme chief piitH a periixl to their fufTi-r-
tiigs, by ilifbitchiriir them with hit dag-
ger or ni* club. The people of S Ame-
nca gratify their revenge in a n.anner
fomevvh.it different, but with the f<ime
unrelenting rancour. Th«-ir prifoncri, at
their fird entranct meet wui. the fame
jough reception an among the N Ame-
ricans \ but afterward they arc treatfd
with the greatctl kindncH, and fome
youug wotnen are appointi-d to attend
and folace them : yet by a refinement of
cnieltVt while they feem ftudiou* to at-
tach their captives to lifci their doom is
irrevocably fixed. On an appointed <layf
thcvi(Jlorioustribeafremble8,theprifoiuT
is brou*(ht forth with great fulemnityf
he meets his f.ite with undaunted firm-
npf's. and is difpatched by a fingle blow.
The moment lio falls, the women fci/.e
the body, and drefa it f'ji' the fealt :
thrry befinear their children with the
blood, ill order to kindle in their bofoms
a hatred of their enemiea, and all join
in feeding upon the flelU with amazing
greedinets and exultation. The In-
dians of S America, immediately utider
the Spanilh goverumen.S are now far
from being treated with that rigour and
cruelty With which the firft conquerors
of that continent are charged. They
nre no longer oonfidered as flaves \ but
are reputed a.i freemen, and entitled to
the privileges of fubjects. A certain
tribute is, mdeed, impofed upon them,
and certain fcrvices required ; but thefe
are all under the due regulations of
policy and humanity. The Indians who
live in the principal towns are entirely
fubjeA to the Spanifh laws and magif-
trates ; but, in their own villages, they
are governed by caziques, (bme of
whom are the defcendants of their an-
cient lords; others are named by the
Spanifh viceroys. Thefe regulate the
petty affairs of the people imder them,
according to maxims of juftice, tranf-
mitted to them by tradition. For their
further relief, the Spanifh court has ap-
pointed an officer in every diftri^ with
the title of Protector of the Indians,
whofe duty is to alTert the rights of the
Indians and to fet bounds to the exac-
tions of bis countrymen. Hofpitals alfc
are founded in every new I'ettlement for
the reception of indigent and infirm In-
dians, where they are treated with ten-
demefs and humanity. See Efquimaux ;
Indiest Weft \ Patagonia*

Indies t Eaft, the name given by Eu-
ropeans to that vaft tradl of country in
Afia, which lies to the s of Tartary,

IM)

between l-.Tfta and China, ai well as t*
a great numlvr of in.inde in the Indian
ocean, extending: from the prniiifula of
IlindooUan ut far k at N<-vv Guinea,
and from the ha' c»f Den>,'al and the
China fca as far s as Ni'w liolland. The
mofl wt'ftern of the ill.nuls are the Mal-
dives, and the moll eaflern the Moluc-
cas; bctwren which .ire levcral very
lari;e ones, a» Ci-ylon, Sumatra, Java,
Romeo, and Celebes; belide many
others of conndcr^ble importance as to
richct-, thuu>;h mncli infeiior in extent.
IndifSt li'eft, the name given tt) a
great number orilloids in the Atlantic
ocean, which txtenil acroftt the entrance
of the gulf of Mexico, from the nw ex-
tremity of the Bahama iflands off the
toall of Florida, to the ifland of Toba-
go, ;o m fn>m the coafl of Terra
rirnia. Cub i is tlie moft wcltcrn, and
Hubados the mi)ft eaflern of theft;
illands. When Columbus difcovered
them in 1493. he confidered ihi:m as
part of thole vift regions in Afia com-
prehended under the general name of
India i to reach which, by a w courfe
acrofs the AiUntic, had been the grand
object of his voyage. This opinion w.i«
fo general, that Ferdinand .nnd IfabelU,
king and queen of Cafiile, in their rati-
fication of a giant to Columbus, upon
his return, gjve them the name of Indies*
Eveii after the error thit gave rife to this
opinion was detet^led, nnd the pnfition
of the New World al'certained, the
name has remained ; and the appellation
of Weft In(!ies is given to thefe ifiands,
a.. 2 that of Indians to the inhabitants,
not only of the illands, but of the con-
tinent of America. Thefe ifiands are
likewife called the Caribe Ifiands, from
the aborigines of the country ; and the
fea in which they lie is called the Cari-
bean Sea. By the French they are
called the Antilles; and navigators dif-
tinguifh them, from the different courfes
taken by fhips, into the Leeward and
Windward Ifiands, which fee. The
name of Caribe fhould properly be con-
fined to the fmaller ifiands, lying in
a femicircle between Porto Rico and
Trinidad. Thefe were inhabited by the
Caribs, a fierce race of Indians, nowife
refembling their timid neighbours in the
larger ifiands. Columbus was a witnefs
to their intrepid valour ; and the fame
character they have maintained invaria-
bly in all fubfequent contefls with the
Europeans. The Britifh iflands are
Jamaica, Barbados, St. Chriflopher,
Antigua, Anegada, Nevis, Montferrat,
Barbuda, Auguilla, Dominica, St. Vin-
cent, Granada, the Bahama Iflands, and

fnt of the ^'ir«?ln llhnd*. Tm 8pi-
nurd* hivf Cub.!, I'oitu Rico, Trini-
d.ici, and MArgarita . the Prrnch, Ou;i«
djhiUDf, MArig;il4ntr, Dt'lr:i«lu, llif-

Eaniol.1, Tub4t((>. Marlinicn, and St
ucia ( thi' Dutch, St. F.utlAtii, Cura-
cao, Sab.i, and St. Martin { the Danci,
St. Thom.i', Si. Croix, <nd part of thir
Virgin 1(1 indi ; and tlir flwrdra, St.
Barthol<)irj«*w. The dKlribution of the
in.«nd« II to l)c undcrf^iiod a» prior to
the prrlent w-ir, diirni;; which mod of
them have been tiler. < by the Englifli
fiom the other powcrt.

InHortt * town of tlindonfl.m, in tlie
province of M.ilw.i, c.ipital ot' one of
the Ponn;th M.ihr.itta chiefs. It ii ft-atcd
on a river th.it flown into the Ncrbud-
dah, aM m ksI'. Ougcin. Lon. 76 1 1 k,
iat 21 56 s.

InJropour, a (c.iport on the w coaft
of Sumatr.1, capit.il of .i kingdom of the
fame n.'jme- IIitp tlic Diitcli hav«? a
fadlorv, for the purchafc of pepper. It
ia i6j m nw Uencoolc-n. Lun. 100 4;
e, Iat. I 56 M.

Indre, ?. department of France, in-
cluding the I'^te province of Berry. It
h.11 itR name from a river, which rilcr:
in tiiis department, flows into that of
Indre .ind Loire, and Joina the Loire, 4
m below the inllux ot the Cher. Ch:'.-
tenuroiix \i> the capital.

Indre .ind LoWe^ a department of
France, including the late province of
Touraine. Tuura is the capital

Ittiiui, or Hindi, a great river of Hin-
dooftfln, formed of about ten principal
Areami, which defcend from the Perfian
and Tibetian mountains. From the
city of Attock to Moultan, or to the
influx of the Chunaub, it is commonly
named the rivet- of Attock. Below the
city of Moultan, it proceeds in a s
direction, through the province of that
name, and that of Sindy ; and enters
the Arabian fea, by an extended delta of
mouths, NW of the gulf of Cutch. Sec
Tatta. On the e of the Iiidus is a
great fandy defert, near 500 m in length,
and from 60 to 150 in breadth.

Ineada, a town of European Turkey,
in Romania, with a harbour on the
3lack fea, 60 m e by n Adrianople.
Lon. 27 40 w, Iat. 41 5s n.

Infanto, a town of Spain, in Mancha,
near the river Jabalon, 41m ese Ciudad
Real.

Jttgej^n^tnt a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Hohenlohe, feated
on the Kocher, ao m ssw Mergentheim.

Ingeih^itHt a town of France, in the
department of Mont Ton«ierre» lately
of OermaTiy-f in ifae paUtioate of the

IN(i

Rhine \ feated on an rmtnrnce, by thff
rivrr Silv,;, 10 m w«w Mrnir:.

lnx*^"*un,lfrt n village of the Nether*
l.ituNi ill FIjiidert, near the river Man*
del, s m N C.turtray- Ilnr ii a cidlr,
which w.k» oft Ml mude .1 gairifon, in the
reliuioiii w.ir« of the i6tli crntury.

iHxIthorom^.i^ a mountain in York-
fbirr, B HI to ih** nnw of Settle. It is
a bove the level of the fea. The

!(., circular plain, ne.ir a mile in

circumference, coniainiiiR the rums of
an old wall, .Vc. fMcti wlmh li>me ima-
gine it has b«*en a Kom in (Utioii. Its
lldi-M are Qeep and rocky, aiiJ contain
<i'vc'ral pits and chalrnn, but may be af-
rended without danger. Iti iimedone
bale, which marly extciuU to th ife of
VVIiernfidr and P('niiy);ant, in perforated
in every direction with long caverns.

Inf[/eton, a village in W Yorldhire, 10
m WNW Settle. It h.is a cotton mill,
and (tandd at the bafes of Whernlide
and In^li-borough, amid tlic natural
curiofitics of thole mountains.

(ngling, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mofclle. 6 m v. Thionville.

I/tgoljlaJt, a town of Uaviria, with a
famous univerllty, and a flne church.
It is one of the ftrungell places in Ger-
many, furrounded by a morafti. The
houkV'4 arc built of (tone, and the Greets
are large. It was taken by the Auftrians
in 1741, and bombarded by the French
in 1796. It is feated on the Danube*
am t Neuburg, and 45 n by w Munich.
Lon. II aa I, Iat. 48 46 n.

Ingraham JJIant/s, n group of iflands
In the Pacific ocean ; levcn of them dif-
covered in 1791 by capt. Ingrnham, of
Bolton in Muflachulets, and named
Walhington, Adams, Lincoln, Federal,
Franklin, Hancock, and Knox. After-
ward, in the fame year, fome of them
were obferved by captain Marchand, a
Frenchman, who called them Revolu-
tion Iflca. They have fince been vifit-
ed by other navigators, and their num-
ber increafed to twenty. They lie from
351050 leagues n n w of the ^ I arquefas, in
ion. 139 and 141 w, Iat. 8 and 9 s. They
appear generally to be diverlified with
hills and valleys, and to be well wood-
ed and watered ; but animal and vege-
table provifions are not plentiful. Moft
of them are inhabited, and the people
refemble thole of the Marquefas They
are fometimes called the New Marque-
fas, and frequently Walhington Iflands.
Federal ifland, called by the natives Nu'
kahiwa, is the principal one ; 70 m in
circuit, and very mountainous, but has
fertile valleys interfperfed, and many
fecure harbours on iti coafts: Port

minrticc, Ity the

Mrnif.

r «»f ihr Nether*
tlic river Man*

ll<ir i« K cadle,
,\ Ktirifim, in the
6tli irntury.
iiiit.iiti in York*

.)f Si'tfl.-. rt it
•lofthcfci. The
nf.ir a mile in
liiiK titc ruint of
wliit'li inmc ima*
III) (Uti«tii. Ita
;liy, aiiJ coniain

, hilt may Ix af-
r. It« limfflonc
teiuU to th tfo of

.lilt, iit perforated

lonir cavrrni.

W York (hi re, lo
i» a cotton miilf
Vi of W hern fide
mid the natural
unt»ini.

rancc. in the de-
6 m K Thionviile.
t( U.iv.iria, with a
id a ffno church,
eft places in Oer-
f a morafH. The
lie, and the ftreeti
n l>y the Auftrtanii
Jed by the French
d on the Danubci
^5 N by wr Munich.
46 ft.

a group of iflands
Icven of them dif-
npt. Ingrnham, of
ifets, and named
, Lincoln, Federal*
md Knox. After-
ear, fome of them

f)tain Marchand, a
led them Revolu-
ive fince been vifit-
rs, and their num-
iiy. They lie from
oftheMarquefastin
at. 8 and 9 s. They
b« divt;rfified with
i to be well wood-
it animal and vcge-
not plentiiul. Moft
!d, and the people
* MarquefaH They
I the New Marque-
LVafhington Iflands.
\ by the nativeg NU'
cipal one ; 70 m in
juntainouS) but ba>
fperfed, and many
D it! coafta: Port

Anna Maria, fo named by llrut. Ifrrgift,
in 1791, lie* on the * cuaft. Lon. 1^9
40 w, Ut. 8 56 •.

tnj^randf, a town of Franci', In the
drp.4rtn)rnl of M tyrntic and Loire, on
the river Loire, 15 ni wnw Anger*.

Injuria, x province of KiitTia, which
now tnimn ft.c government «»f IVlerf-
hurg. It in i,p m long and 50 broad ;
l)oiiiuUd «»!! the N by the river Neva
and the gulf of Finland, ft and • by
the government of NovorogiKl, and w
by that «»l Livonia. Peter tli«« great
wrrfted it fiom the Swrtb-H, nnd it w.u
coiifiiined to him by the tre.Uy of Ny«
ftadt in i^ti. At that time, the itih.i-
bit.intt nt Ihr (Lit country were Finifli
people, but little didereiit from iIk; Finn
of I'.irelia, a« to their l.inguat^r and
inaiinem. Tl.ey were called llchorki,
and ICchortzi. from the river Ilchora,
which runn into the Neva. Ingria did
not retain iti Swcilifh privilrgen: on
the contrary, Peter made a pre fent of
one part of the Ilchortri tt> cirtain
Kufllan nobles ; who, on their lide,
were obliged to people the lefs culti-
vated cantoiiH oi Ingria with colonies
of Kudians from their eltateg; and
thence it is that a village of Kunian* la
often forrounded by villages of Fins.
The Jfcliorlzi have long fdllowcd agri-
culture. 'I'heir economy is an ill-chofen
mean between that of the KufTians and
the Fins. They aflemble in fmall vil-
lages, of 6ve or ten farms each ; and
live miferablyin fmall dirty huts. Their
inclination to idlenefs and drinking leads
them often to fell their ftock, and the
corn they have faved for (owing the
fields. Some of them, however, Imitate
the Kuflian villagers, who are better
managers, more at their eafe, and in
better circumftances. The Ingrians are
a ftupid, fufpiciouf), thievKh race, nnd
dangerous from their phlegmatic tem-
perament, and propcnfuy to pilfering.
Fhey refemble the gyplies, arc vaga-
bonds like them, calculate nativities,
and tell fortunes. The drefs of the
men is like that of the Fin boors; but
the habit of the women betrays a va-
nity, which, confulering the poverty
of this people, and the tyranny which
their hufbands and fathers exeicifeover
them, may pafs for luxury. '1 .lu lower
part of their drefs refemblts that of the
Fin country women. Their (hift has a
neck and clofe wriftbands, both of them
pinked or wrought; the body and fleeves
are large, the latter whimfically worked,
and the body puffed with numbcrlcfs
pluits. InHead of a petticoat, they tie
pn two apri^ns : thcle arc fometimes of

I NI

cfoth 4n«l fometimes of linen worked
with did'ercnt colour* , that behind
beini; much the wide(t, and the fmaller
one in front is generally ad«)rnr<l with
slafi bead* and little ihelU Several
((rings of tlo'lr br.ids are worn round
the neck, and fall upon the brcalts , and
they have hfivy earrings, with the ad-
dition generally of (kiini** of bend*.
The girl» wear their h lir loole and un-
covered: the married women, on the
contrary, conceal their hair, like thi*
Finilh women, with a long piece ot
linen, fttldfd toward the middle into a
kind of cap, whilf its exticmities fill
upon the back, and are lupported by
the girdle in ('leh a manner that the
whole makes a kind uf fpread lail over
the nionldcis. When they dre((« them-
(elves to go to town, they commonly
put on the Kiif:i cap. which is orna-
mented with a peak in front, is linett
with fur, and laced round the edges;
with this they wear a long gnwn, made
of coarfe (luff, and fallemd down the
breaft with buttons. Before the Kui-
fians conquered thlt country, the In-
grians had Lutheran minifters for every
canton { but numbers of them have
bi»'n lince converted to the On ek faith.
They are additftcil to abfurd notions
and |>agan fuperAitiont, which they
mix with the ceremonials of Chriftianity.
They carry the figures of the faints Into
the woods in prcjcelllon, and there pay
them a formal worlhip. '*''hen a man
is inclined to marry, he pur nales a girU
and celebrates his nuptials a. the churchf
to which they are accompanied by two
women in veils, who fing compolitioni.
No fooner is the marriage ceremony
performed, than the hufbnnd begins to
treat his wife with fcverity, and thence-
forward keeps her under (^ridt difci-
pline. The dead are buried by the prieft
of the profefTion to which they belong.
Their general opinion is, that they con-
tinue to live in the fubtcrranean world
in ,'ht fame manner ns they did on the
(urfac e of the earth ; and that the grave
is Utile more than a change of habita-
tion : for which reafon they bury their
money, that they may have it to ufe in
the other world.

Ingujhi ; fee Kifli.

Inhambanif a country on the coaft of
Caffreria, bounded on the n by Sabia,
E and SE by the Indian fca, sw and w
by the river Manica. It has a river and
port of the fame name. Lon. 35 50 'S',
lat. aa 10 s.

In^/bonan, a town of Irelandf in the
county of Cork, with a confderable
linen manufaAure ; feated on the Ban-

I N V

4on, 7 m WW KinUte, and ii iiw
Cork.

liii/lh/^*t or Eiimjlttig*^ a iMiroiigh itf
Irrhnti, In the county of Kilkmny, on
Ihr rJv»r Nouct ij m •'«►. Ktlkcimy.

/•«, a iiv:r thm rifra In Swim liaiHl*
In the (.intnn of ((rifoni, Htw) nii
throiiKh TyrolJ^ Iriptucaixl KniDrin,
and coiiiiiiiiiii^pu ti)iir(r in li.tv.iri.i,
t).t(rc« tiy \V4Uvliiiii{ 4iiti Huiiiuu to
i'4n!iii, whrrc it Join* th'' I>.tiiijbc.

I'.unfonJo^ A ItirtrrfH of MiixlooAani
in tilt- (iiiiiioor circ4r, iitimtc on .1 hili,
4A ni Nw Oii|{(ili>.

InnirhfH, a town of Grrminyi in
Tyrolf liuute iim'ji^; inoiiiit4inii, nl ttio
fourcc of the DfAVi , ;<y jt> ► Hiix»'ii.

Irionvlocxuivt n town ot i'olanit, in
the p.ilatin;itc of WLiilifltw, 14 m w !>/
N Wiadidaw.

////</;, ii (own of Scotl.intJ, In Aber-

iJcflilhilC, »6 in v» NW Ahfidrrti.

I»jprue,i\ I'oilifU'ii t»)wn ol CJrrmnny,
capit.il of Tyrol, with 4 llronf cnitle.
It w,u fornu'rly thr pl.icr wlirrt- the
Ar),'hi.liikrK of AtiAri.! rilutid ; ahiI lirrr,
in 167a. cnfpcror l^'opold 1 founded .1
iinlvcrfityi wliicit ia 17Htw.11 ch.iiiKid
into a lyccuin. 'I'he priticip.d niitiiu-
fafliiiru ii.v glovtn, iilk and woollen
i\\.\\\*t iind .ill kinds of (^lain wann. In-
fprur Vkui cn'trrd by the Fr»Mich, In
i8o.<;. It ii l'i'at»-d in a pUai'ant valley,
on the river Inn, 60 in » Munich. Lon.
1131 K. lat. 47 17 N.

Ittjlerburf^, a town of K I'runia, with
.1 tr.idi' in corn and beer ; ffatrd on the
I'rcgcl, oppolitc llic influx of (.he Inller,
4 J m »: by K Konigfb«*rg.

Inlerlaclien, a town of SuiDVrlandt
capitil ot a bailiwic of the liimi' name,
in the canton of Hcin. It i^ (i^afed b«'-
twfcn the laK'cs of Bricnt/ and 'I'huii,
a8 m ssw l.ucrrn, .md 32 tt: Btrn.

hrjcrarai/t a borough of Scotland,
and the county-town of Argylelhire,
lituatc on the w fide of Loch Fyne, at
the influx of the Aray. It is neatly
built, and has an elegant modern church,
ere<5tcd in the goihic ftylc, with two
pl.ices of worship undt'r its roof. Here
are manufaiftures of linen, woollen, and
iron, and a trade in wool, timber, and
oak bark ; but its chief fupport is from
the herring fifhery. Near the town is
Inveraray caftic, the feat of th«: duke of
Argylc ; and in the neighbourhood is a
conndorablf iron-work. It is .^.^^ m nw
Dumbarton, and 88 wnw Edinburg.
Lon. 4 e,\ w, Kit. 56 15 at.

In'verbervie ; fee Bervie.

Inverejkt a village of Scotland, in
Edinburglhire, fituaic on a hill, at the
B fide of the mouth of the Efk, a little

I N V
fnihe M of Muilclburf. In lyfl^, the
fublrrranrutM rcmaini uf a Rum4n hot
bath wrrr dlfi:overrt| hrrr.

linirgortlapt, A vill4Kr of ?l('(»tUnd, in
Kofklliirt, at the mouth of the frith of
Cromartjri I m ••» Tain, it haaafood
lurtMiur, and n rriutar fi-rry over the
irilli to the town of Cronmrly.

/«•(/ tiiU/uMXi * borntigh of Scotl.imit
in Filelliire, whii h hai a conitderablu
tr.iile ill t i>al ami Cdt. Ilefure the en-
trance ol the harlM)ur U a lay, which
atford* fife anchorage for Ibip* in alt
wiiuU( anti the harbour ilfeir is com*
mo<lioui, with excrlli-iit c|u.iyi. It it
lituatc on the n Itdc of the frith of
Forth, I a m wnw Edinbiirg. Lon. ,$
n w, ht. 35 t7 N.

Invfrii^, a village of Scotland, in
Kentrewll.i.i', y m ssw Greenock. It ia
fitn.itc on the Kip, at its entr.mcv into
the i'lilh of Clyde, and much frequent*
ed for fia-bathing.

tuvrrifithen, a town of Scotland, in
I\'il»!c;.lliire, on ihe rivcrTweod, at th««
influx ot the Liithen. Here is an ex*
tcniivc w<H)llen manufacture, and a
faniDu^i liiiphuidiis ipiing. It ii 3 m
».'ip. Ftebl) H, inul (> w Selkirk.

InverHtJ't, a liorutiuh of Scotland, ca*

filial of a county of the i.ime name,
ituateon both luU^the river NcU, near
it» entrance into till' frith ot Moray. It
bai a conunodioiiH imrbour. for vcn°< !■
of 100 ton"«, .ind larger ones may ride
in ftfety within a mile of the town.
Here ire fix incorporated trades, a good
laimon filliery, a large manulavJIurc of
ropen .iiul canvas, leveral tan-works,
and a confiderable ir.ide. The num-
l>er of inhabitants was 87.)a in i8ot,
and 10,757 ill iBri. On an eminence
are the ruins of the old calUe, deniolifh*
ed by the rebels in 1746 | and over the
Nefii is a bridge of feven archea. The
court houfe la a handfome modern
building, with a fine tower and fpire i
and here is an excellent academy, pro-
vided wiih a reiflor and four mal^era.
Near this town, on Culloden heattf, the
diikc of Cumberland gained a decifive
viiitory over the rebels in 1746. To the
w ofthftownis the hillof Craig Phatrict
on the fummit of which arc the extenfive
remains of a vitrified fort- Inverncfs is
6ft m NK Fort William, and 116 nnw
I'idinburg. Lon. 3 57 w, lat- 57 30 N.
InverniJ'iJh'trey the moft extenfire
cuunty of Scotland ; bounded on the k
by Rofsfliire, E by the counties of
Nairn, Elgin, and Aberdeen, s by thofe
of Perth and Argyle, and w by the At-
lantic ocean. It alfo includes feveral
of the Hebrides. Independent of the

J on

Ifl«ntl4, It It R« m liHiK AOtl v> brovl i
Aiiit U ittviJcil Into II (urtlh'i, whiwK
conuiitfd 74.191 inn4hit4itt» in iloi,
>trui j»,,\\t> III iHm Th«* M pirt U
moiintalnoiii and tMrrrn I ihi* • part It
Atiomounutnouif And riippofoltobrthc
mo(t cIcvAled ttrtHind In Scotlaiul. 'I'hU
cuutity h4* rrvcr4l cunliilrrjttlc lake*,
anil U divided, in « m4nncr, into two
ri|iul parti, by thofc of Ne(»« ()ich|
Luchy, and Linnhr) throuxli «vhl«li U
now t'uitiny xUv Calrdonian C4n4l« tu
unite the •■illcrn .ind wi'ft<*rn tK'r4n«.
ThecxtrniWc pl.itni which lurrouiid the
likei are, in grrncnd, frrtilr ( and the high
Kruundt fved maiiv Ihei'p and hcev***,
the reiiliig jiid feiling ut' uliicli u the
chief trade ot the inhabitanti, and
numerniia hetdt of goata arc found In
ffvrrydiltridt. The moiintainiand forrlli
are inhabited by iniintiii'i' niimliert of
rrd and rix d^cr ( the alpine and com<
mon hare, and other g.nne, arc alio
abundant. Mmcttoiie, Iruii-ort', and
fome tr.ice* ol' ditTfrcnt mincr.iU hive
been found in tliii county, with iMMUti-
ful rock cryftult uf varioui tintii; but
no minri hjvc been worked hilherto
with much fiicccU- The principal ri<
vers arc ihr Spey and Bi-anliy.

InvtrfnaiH, A vilhigr of Scotland, on
the r iulc of Loch Lomond, 15 m n by
w Dumbarton. \Wn '\% a fmall fort,
and near it ii a ferry over the lake.

lnverugie% a vill,i};c of Scotland, on
the k coalt of Abcrdcenihire, at the
mouth of the Ugic, a m n w Pfterhcad.
It hat an extcnfive l>leach-tield, and a
confideruble bri-wcry. Near it arc the
ruins of Invcruaic caltlf.

Irrvtruruf aoorouKh of Scotland, in
Aberdeenlnirc, on the river llry, juft
abovu its conflux with the Don, i j m
sw Aberdeen.

Jaathimjllial, a town of Bohemia, in
the circle of Saatz, noted for its minei
and amanufadureof l.icc, 15 m n by e
Elbogen.

Jomebimjihalt a town of Brandenburg,
in the Ucker mark, 31 m a si Berlin.

Joanna ; fee llinziian.

Joannina \ l<;e Janina •

Joeijfrim, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Rhine, fltuatc on
an eminence, near the Rhine, 9 m he
Landau.

Johanjfeorgen/laJt, a town of Upper
Saxony, in Mifnia, celebrated for its
mines and a confidcrable manufatflurc
of lace, 18 m 88E Zwickau.

Johannejhurg, a town of E PruHia,
with a citadel, on the river Pych, near
the lake Spirding, 95 m SE Konit^fberg.
Lon. 2» j9 E, lat- 53 16 s.

J on

Johut Si.otw uf Iht' I'hillppin* lllandlf
B of MlndaiMu. Lon. 1 16 .«• x, Int. f
JO «.

>Uhn, Si onr of tin- Virxin iP^mU, In
the W Indict. II m In circuit. It hat«
town and (baclout harbour- Ltm. 65
10 H, lat. il 10 w.

./•/)M, Si or l*rintt l'J<uarJ, an ifland
Inthr « pirtof thegitlf iit St. Lawrcncr,
having Nrw HiunU'ick on the w. Nova
Hcotia on thr •, and Vapv itrriun on the
k. It U 60 ni long and \n broad, and
exceedingly fertile, wiih l>-y>'t4l Itrcamt.
In 174} It furrnidercd, with t 4pc Urff>
ton, to the iinglilb. The capital !•
Ch4rh>iti7tuwii.

Jo/in, St> a Ukr of I.owrr Canada, nf
an oval form, 34 in long «nd a^ broad.
It receive! rivers from every dirc^lon,
and Itf outlet it the rivfr Sat;uenay,
which (lows »: to the St. Lawrence, at
Tadoufac.

John, St. a river that rifes in the Nw
partofthedil\ri^t of Main, ilowtN». into
New Brunfwick, where il foun takct a
k%K courfc,andciiteritIiv luy of Fundv,
at the city of St. John. It it navigable
60 m for Hoops of 50 tons, and about
loo for lHMtt( and alfords a contmun
anil near route from the province of
New Urunlwick to Ouebec-

John, St. a city of New Hrunfwickf
fituate At the mouthof thr river St. John,
in the bay of iuiuly. Lon. 03 13 w,
lat. 45 12 N.

./oA»,.NV.thechief town of Newfound-
land, fltuatc on the R fide of the illand.
It has a good harbour, entirely land-
locked, and defended by fcveul fortN,
in one of which the governor of the
idand relides. Lon. 32 21 w, lat. 47

32 N.

Jc/in, St. the capital of Antigua, and
the cliicf refidencc of the governor of
the Leeward illanda. In 769 it was
nearly deftroyed by fire ; and in 1772 it
futfered much by a luinicane. It ii
now one of the mofl regular towns in
the VV^ Indies, and han a mofl commo-
dious harbour, well foitificd. Lon. 02
9 w, lat. 17 4 N.

John, St- a town and fort of Lower
Canada, on the w bank of the Sorel, 20
m from the v end of Lake Champlain.
In 1796, it was made the folc pint of
entry and clearance for all goods im-
ported from the United States into
Canada. It is 24 m be Montreal, and
1 10 N Crown Point. Lon. 73 20 w, lat.

45a5W-

John d'Acre, St. fee Acre.

Jehnjiavenf n v\\]:igti of Scotland, in
Kincardineihire, with a harbour for
fmall vcirelt, 4 m ssw Bcrvic. It has

JO R
an extenfivc tnaniifaclurc -f canvas,
and a trade in importing toal and ex-
porting grain.

Johft/hiun, a town of New York,
chief of Montgomery county, with
two churchi 8. It AandH on the left bank
of Mohawk river: and on the oppofite
fide, in the fork f.irmed by the influx of
the Schohary. it Fort Hunter. It is 14
m wNw Schenectady.

Jo/injhivn, a town of Upper Canada,
extending near a mile on the river St.
Lawrence It is 50 m nk Kingftown,
and 100 sw Montreal. Lou. 75 lo w,
lat. 44 4a N.

Jthnjioivn, St. a borough of Irelandi
in the county of Donegal, on the river
Foyie, 5 m »8w Londonderry.

Johor, or Jor^ a town of ihe penin-
fula of Malaya, capital of a kingdom
of the fame name. It was dcftroyed
by the Portuguefe in 1603, but has
been rebuilt, and is fcated near the s
coaft, 150 m SE Malacca. Lon. loj 30
K, lat. I 35 N.

Joi/fny, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Yonne, furrounded by
thick walls, and feated near the Yonncj
17 m .ssR Sens.

JoinviUf, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Mame, with a
magnificent caftle, feated on the Marne>
35 m sw Bar le Due.

Jona ; fee Irolmkill

Jonejhorought a town of Tcneflee,
capital of the diftriA of Walhington.
It is feated near the foot of the iron
mountains, 86 m e by n Knoxville.
Lon. 82 40 w, lat. 36 8 n.

Jonkoping, a town of Sweden, ca-
pital of Smoland, an J the fupreme feat
of juftice for Gothland. It has a cita-
del* and a manufafture of arms. In
1790 the town was burnt down, and has
fince been wholly rebuilt. The honfes
are large and comfortable, but ftill
chiefly of wood, and the roof covered
with turf or wood. It 13 feated at the s
end of the lake Wetter, 64 m sw Lin-
koping. Lon. 14 46 e, lat. 57 12 n.

Joodpour, a town of Ilindooftan, ca-
pital of a circar of the fame name, in
the province of Agimere ; feated near a
branch of the Pudda, 100 m wsw Agi-
mere. Lon. 73 48 K, lat. a6 8 n.

Jordan, a river of Syria, which rifes
in Mount Libanus, and flows s, through
the lake of Tiberias, to the Dead fea.

Jorjan, or Corcan, a town of Perfia,
in Chorafan, capital of a diftrift of its
name, bordering on theCafpian fea and
Afterabad. This place is reckoned one
of the ftrongeft fortrdles in thekingdom.

IPS

It is fjom tMF. Aflcrabad,and 120 wsw
Mrfrhrd. Lon. 56 4^ k, lat. ^j o N.

Jor/tau, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Saatz, where great quantities
of beer are brewed. On a mount.iin by
the .own i» the magnificent callle of
Uothenhau?, and near it are celebrated
alum-works. It is j m N Commotau.

Jofeplh St. a river and fort of the
Uniitd States, on the s border of the
Michig;in territory. The river rifrs
about 30 m from the w end of Lake
Erie, to which there is a portage, and
it flows w.vw into the sE part of Lake
Michigan. The fort (lands 30 m above
the mouth of the river, and 130 w by 8
Detroit. Lon. P.$ 8 w, lat. 4a 2 n.

Jofip/i, St. the capital of theifland of
Trinidad, with a church and a Francif-
can convent. It is ftrongly feated on a
mountain, by the fide of a river, 6 m
above its entrance in the gulf of Paria.
Lon. 64 30 w, lat. icon.

Joje/in, a town of France, in the
department of Morbihan, 25 m nne
Vannes.

Jouartt a town of France, in the de-
partment of Seine and Marne, lo m sE
Meaux, and 35 E Paris.

Jouft ; fee Jehud.

Joux, Mount ; fee Jura, Mount-

Joi/eufe, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Ardechc, feated on the
Baune, 27 m sw Privas.

Ip/i«/t:n, a town of Franconia, in the
principality of Wurtzburg, 15 m ese
Wurizburg.

Ipit a town of Auftria, fituate near
the conflux of the Ips with the Danube,
22 m w St. Polten.

Jp/ala, a town of European Turkey,
in Romania, and a Greek archbifhop'a
fee. Near it are mines of alum ; and
red wine is an ariicle of commerce. It
is feated on the MarifTa, 60m s Adriano-
ple, and 130 w Conftantinople. Lon.
36 10 E, lat. 40 57 N.

Jp/era, a fmall iiland in the Archi-
pelago, in the form of a heart, 15 m nw
of the ifiand of Scio. To the w is an-
other fmall inand, called Anti-Ipfera.

Ipjhelm, a town of Franconia, in the
principality of Bayreuth, 17 m nnw
Anfpach.

Ipfivich, a borough and principal
town of Suffolk, governed by a mayor,
with a market on Wednefday, Friday,
and Saturday. It was once furrounded
by a wall, traces of which are yet to be
feen. It is irregularly built, and has
declined from its former confequence ;
but now contains 1 a parifh churches, a
guildhall, and a cuftomhoufe with a.

I HE

jrood quay. The number of inhabitantii
was 10,043 ill i8oiiand i ^670 in 181 r.
Much corn and malt is fcnt hence to L<»n-
don, and timber to the ditfcrent dock-
yards. It has a coiifidcrable coaftini;
trade, a fmallfliare of foreign commerce,
and lends (hips to Greenland. Veflclsof
large burden are obliged to (lop at fomc
diilance belrrw the town. It is the
birthplace of cardinal Wolfey i and is
feated on the Orwell, a6 m se Bury St.
Edmund, and 69 nb London. Lun. 1
16 E, lat. 52 8 N.

Iffjkvic/t, a town of Maflachufets, in
Eflex county, feated on both fides of a
liver of its name, near the mouth, over
which is a (lone bridge. Though it his
a barred harbour and ihoalsin the river,
fome veflTels trade to the W Indies.
Large quantities of (ilk and thread lace
are manufadtnred here. The judicial
courts for the county are held here once
a year. It is aj m nne Bofton. Lon.
70 so w, lat. 42 39 N." •
Trabatty ; fee Irrawaddy.
Irak, or Irac /igemi, a province of
Perlia, bounded on the n by Aderbijan,
Ghilan, and Mazanderan, e by Chora-
fan, s by Farfiftan and Kufiftan, and w
by Kurdidan. It includes the grcated
part of the ancient Media, and is a
large mountainous country, with val-
lies that feldom exceed i z m in breadth.
The mountains are barren und devoid
of timber, but the vallies, where culti-
vated, yield abundance of corn. Ifpa-
han is the capital.

Irai, or Jrac Arabiy a province o f Tur-
key in Afia, bounded on the N byKurdi-
ftan and Diarbek, e by Irak Agemi and
Ku(ifl:an> and sw by the defart of
Arabia. It is the ancient Chaldea, and
a fertile country, watered by the Eu-
phrates and Tigris. Bagdad is the ca-
pital.

Ireby, a town in Cumberland, with a
market on Thurfday, feated in a val-
ley, at the fource of the Ellen, 10 m
NE Cockermouth, and 303 nnw Lon-
don.

Ireland, an ifland of Europe, lying to
the w of that of Great Britain. It is
380 m long and 160 broad ; bounded on
the E by St. George channel and the
Irifh fea, which feparate it from Eng-
land and Wales; on the ne by a chan-
nel, called the North Channel, 34 m
broad, which fcparates it from Scot-
land ; and on every other (ide by the
ocean. It contains about 19,436,000
acres, and the population is upward of
iiOoo,ooo. Irela.id is divided into four
provinces ; namely, Ulfter to the n,
Leinftor to the e, Munfter to the s, and

1 RE

t onnaught to the w -, and thcfe attf
fulidivided into ^3 1 counties. UUter con-
tains the counties of Down, Armagh,
Monaghan, Cavan, Antrim, Lnixlon-
dcrry, Tyrone, Fermanagh, and Done-
gal; Leinfter has thole of Dublin,
Louth, Wicklow, Wexford, Longford,
Ea(k Meath, Weft Mcath, King, Queen,
Kilkenny, KiUlarc, and Carlow ; Mun-
fter includes Clare, Cork, Kerry, Lime-
rick, Tipperary, and Watcrtord; and
Connaught has Leitrira, Rofcommon,
Mayo, Sligo, and Galway. The climate
of Ireland is mild and temperate, but
more humid than in England. In ge-
neral, it is a level country, well watered
with lakes and rivers; and the 'oil, in
moft paj-ts, is very good and fertile;
even in thofe places where the bogs and
moralTes have been drained, there is
good meadow ground. It produces
corn, hemp, and flax, in great plenty ;
and there are fo many cattle, that beef
and butter are exported to foreign
parts ; and not only the Eng!''(h, but
other (hips, frequently come to b« vic-
tualled here. The other commodities
are, hides, wool, tallow, wood, fait,
honey, and wax. The principal manu-
faJlure is fine linen cloth, wliich is
brought to great perfedlion, and the
trade in it is very great. This country
is well fituate for foreign trade, on ac-
count of its many fecure and commo-
dious bays and harbours. The principal
rivers are the Shannon, Foylc, Liifey.
Boync, Sure, Barrow, Blackwate- > and
Lee. The laws of Ireland differ but
little from thofe of England ; and the
eftablilhed religion is the fame ; but the
majority of the people arc Roman ca-
tholics, and yet retain their nominal
bifhops and dignitaries- The ecclefiaf-
tical diftriifts are four archbi(hoprics and
eighteen bi(hopric8; the former are
Armagh, Dublin, Cafl)tl, and Tuam ;
the latter are, Meath. Kildare, Dcrry,'
"Kaphoe, Limerick, Ardfert and Agha-
doe, Dromore, Elphiii, Down and Con-
nor, Waterford and Lil'more, Leighlin
and Ferns, Cloync, Cork and Rofs,
Kili:!loe and Kilfenora, Kilmore and
Ard gh, Clogher, Oflbry, Killala and
Achonry, and Clonfert and Kilmac-
duagh. Formerly, this kingdom had
a parliament, which was fubordinate to
that of Great Britain; but, in 1800,
it was deemed expedient that Ireland
fhould be united to Great Britain. The
two parliaments pa(red ads for that
purpofe, and the two kingdoms, at the
commencement of 1801, were ftyled
the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland : and 3 z lords (four of

v*»

I R 11

them bifhops) and loo commoners of
Ireland (two for each county, two for
Dublin, two for Cork, one for Trinity
college in Dublin, and one for each of
the thirty-one mnft coniulerable cities,
town!), and boroughs) were cnaded to
preli'nt that country in the Imperial
Prrliami'nt, alVembUd in Kngland. The
lord lieutenant of Ireland, as well as the
council, are appointed, from time to
rime, by the king. The common Irifh
are generally reprefented as an ignorant»
uncivilifed, and blundering fort of peo-
ple, implacuble a- d violent in all their
aflfedlions, but quick of apprtnenfion,
courteous to ftrangers, and patient of
hardlhip"*. Their diet confifls chicHy
of coarfe bread, potatoes, and butter-
milk; the favorite liquor isufquebaugh,
an ardent diftillation from corn ; and
the rural cottage is a wretched hovel of
mud. 'Ihe manners of the fupt;riof
claffl's differ little from thofe of the fame
rank in England ; but the gentry are
more addicted to hunting and other
robuft excrcifes, than to literature and
the arts. Dublin is the capital.
Ire/and, New ; fee Britain, New-
Irjab, a town of the country of Cabul,
feated near a wcftern branch of the
Indus, no m ssw Cabul. Lon. 68 35
e, lat. 35 20 N.
Irijhtoiun ; fee Kilkenny-
Jrken, or Irkien ; fee Yarkan.
Irkutjkt the largeft and leaft popu-
lous government of the Ruffian empire,
comprifing all the e part of Siberia,
from the Northern ocean to the fron-
tiers of Chinefe Tartary, and from the
boundaries of the government of To-
bolflc to the Eaftern ocean. This large
territory was gradually conquered and
appropriated by the Ruilians in their
defultory excurfions from Tobolfk. It
is divided into the four provinces of
Irkutflc, Nertchiufk, Yakutflc, and
Okotlh.

Irkutfi, a town of Siberia, capital of
the government of the fame name, and
the fee of a bilhop. It is a place of
conliderable traffic, the caravans pafling
through it which trade to China, and
being the feat of fupreme jurifdiftion
over eaftern Siberia. There are fcveral
churches and other edifices of ftone,
and the wooden houfes are large and
convenient. The inhabitants are ef-
timated at i2,oco. It ftands on the
river Anpara, near the lake Baikal, 900
m ESE Tobollk. Lon. 104 58 e, lat.
5»4N.

Iroquois ; fee Laivrence, St-
Irrarjjaddy, or Iralaity, a river that
rifes in Tibt-t, flows s through the king-

ISE
doms of Birmah and Pegu, and cntfru
the bay of Bengal by feveral mouthp.
On its banks arc produced great quan-
tities of the fincfl 'cak, fo muchefteem-
ed in (hip-building. The principal
market for this valuable timber U Ran-
goon, at the mod eaftern mouth of this
river.

htyjhf a river of Siberia, which iffiies
from the lake Saifan, in Chinefe Tartary,
runs Nw between the two countries
above 300 m, then flows by Omflc, To-
bollk, and Samarof, below which it joins
the Oby.

Irvan, or Irivan ; fee Erivan.

Irvine, a river of Scotland, in Ayr-
fhirc, which pafles by Newmills and
Kilmarnock to the town of Irvine, be-
low which it enters the frith of Clyde.

Irvine, a borough of Scotland, in
Ayrfliire, near the mouth of the river
Irvine, with the ruin of a caftle It has a
commodious harbour, a dock-yard, and
manufactures of carpets, muflins, filks,
lawns, ^c but the chief trade is the ex-
porting of coal to Ireland. It is 10 m
TX Ayr, and 24 sw Glafgow. Lon. 4
36 w, lat. ss 39 N.

_ Irnvell, a river in Lancaftiire, which
rifcs above Bolton, flows thence se to
Manchefter, and then sw to the Merfey,
7 m above Warrington. ^

Ifabella, a town on the K coaft of St.
Domingo, now in ruins, but r' ted for
being the firft fettlement of the immor-
tal Columbus, in 149a. Lon* 71 a w,
lat. 19 55 N.

Ifchia, an idand of Naples, 16 m in
circuit, lying 3 m off the coaft of Terra
di Lavoro. It is mountainous ; but
abounds in minerals, fulphur, fruit, and
excellent wine. The air is healthy,
and there are feveral hot baths, on
which account it is much reforted to
by invalids.

Ifchia, an epifcopal city of Naples,
capital of the ifland of its name, with a
ftrong fort. It ftands upon a rock,
which is joined to the ifland by a bridge,
and is like a pyramid of houfes piled
one upon another. At the end of the
bridge, next t'.e city, are iron gates,
which open in a fubterranean palTage,
through which the city is entered. Lon.
14 2 E, lat. 40 41 N

Ifenburg, a town of Germany, in the
circle of Lower Rhine, which gives name
to a county. It is feated on the rivulet
Ifer, 4i) m Nw Frankfort.

Ifenburg, a town of Germany, in the

circle of Upper Rhine, which gives

name to a county. It is feated near the

Maine, 3 m s by £ Frankfort.

Ifeoj a town of Italy, in Brefciano, on

cgu, and riitfrs
"everal m nut lis.
:ccl gri'at quan-
fo much ellccm-
The principal
timber ii Kan-
n mouth of this

ria, which {(Tuea
:hinefeTartary,
two countries
9 by Omfk, To-
tw which it joins

Erivan.
otland, in Ayr-
Newmilis and
n of Irvine, be-
frith of Clyde,
of Scotland, in
jth of the river
acaftle It has a
I dock-yard) and
g, muflms, iilki»
F trade is the ex-
,nd. It is lo m
afgow. Lon. 4

incafhire, which
vs thence se to
V to the Merfey,

•

ie N coaft of St.
I, but r' ted for
It of the immor-
. Lon. 7 1 a w,

NapleS) i6m in
le coaft of Terra
untainous; but
[phur, fruit, and
air is healthy,
hot baths, on
uch reforted to

city of Naples,

its name, with a

upon a rock,

land by a bridge,

of houfes piled

the end of the

are iron gates,

rranean pafiage,

is entered. Lon.

jcrmany, in the
which gives name
!d on the rivulet
rt*
ermany, in the
e, which gives
8 feated near the
ikfort.
in Brefciano, on

ISL

the SB tide of a lake of the fame name,
lom Nw Brefcia.

f/er, a river of Germiny, ^vhich rifes
on the conAhCH of Tvrol and Bavaria,
paffcH by Munich and LandrcUiit, and
joins (he Danube, between btraubing
and Paflfau.

I/ere, a department of France, in-
cluding part of the late province of
Danphiny. It it lb named from a river,
which riles in Savoy, 'croflVs this de-
partment by Grenoble, Moirans, and
St- Marcellin, and joins the khone,
above Valence. Grenoble i^ the capital.
Iferiohn, a. town of Weftphalia, in
the county of Mark, with mannfadtures
of iron, tin, velvets, filks, and fluffs. It
is 40 m E by N DufTeldorf.

Iferniat » town of Naples, in the
rounty of Molife, at the foot of the
Apennines. In 1805 it was dcftroyed
by an earthquake, and upward of 1500
perfons perifhed. It is 12 m w Molife.
I/ignyt a town of France, in the de-
partment of Calvados, 15 m w by n,
Bayeux.

Ifis, a river that rifes in Gloucefter-
fhire, near the village of Torlcton, at
thefootofSapperton hill, 5 m sw Ciren-
cefler. It immediately enters Wiltfhire,
and there is joined by the Churn, from
Cirencefter, a m w of Cricklade, where
their juniltion forms the Thames ; but
fome writers have continued the name
of liis to the Thames till it receives the
Thame at Dorchefter.

Ifjutty a town of RnfTia, in the govern-
ment of Kharkof, with four chuiches,
one of them built of flone by order of
Peter the great. It has a confiderable
traffic in Greek and Turkifh commodi-
ties, and is feated on both fides the
Donetz, 68 m sse Charkow.

Ijla, or //a, an ifland of Scotland, one
of the Hebrides, to the sw of Jura,
from which it is feparafed by a narrow
channel, called the Sound of lOa. It is
a I m long and 1$ broad. On the e fide
the Airface is hiUy, and covered with
heath, but the greater part of the ifiand
is flat, and capable of improvement.
In the centre is Loch Finlagan, about 3
m in circuit, with an iflet of the fame
name in the middle, where the great
li of the ifles refided ; but the palaces
anu offices arc now in ruins. Ifla has
mines of iron, lead, copper, emery,
quickfilver, and black-lead ; with im-
menfe ftores of limeftone, marl, coral,
and f lell-fand, for manure- Much Hax
is raifed here, a great number of cattle
fed- and a lar^e quantity oi whilky dif-
tillcd. The principal village is Bow-
nore, which has a convenient harbour

ISM

and quay, at the extremity of the bay
of l-och in-Daul,on then cuaft. Lon. 5
58 w, lat 55 45 N.

l/lamabad, a town of Hindoo(\an, in
Bengal, capital of the rt)U' try of ( 'hitti-
gong. It is lituateon the Ciirrumfully,
near Its entrance into thel)<iy of Bf^ngaly
a2om K Calcutta- Lon.()i 55 k, lat- aa
aa N.

Ijlands, Bay of, a bay of Niw Zea-
land, at the N cxtrrmiiy of the moft
northern of the two ifiands th tt go un-
der that name. In 1772, M- Dulrefne
Marion, with two French floops, put
into this bay, and with a8 of his crew*
were murdered by the natives.

Ijle Adam, a town of France, in the
department of Seine and Oifi-, feated
on the Oifp, ao m n hy w Paris.

Ijle of Beeves, an ifl ind in tlie bay of
Campeachy, 17 m long and H broad- It
is fertile, and nhoutuls in cattle and fruit.

Ijle Bouchard, a town of France, in
the department of Indre and Loire
furrounded by the Vicnne, ai m ssw
Tours.

Ijle Dieti, a fmall ifland of France, i*
m from the coafl: of Poitou. It was
taken by the Unglilh in 1795, but foon
after evacuated. Lon. a 15 w,lat-4645N.

I/le de France ; fee France, Ijle of.

Ijle Jourdain, a town of France, in
the department of Gers, feated on an
ifland in the river Save, 8 m n Lombez.

IJleiuorth, a village in Middlefex>
feated on the Thames, 9 m w London.
Here are many elegant villas ; and near
it is Sion-houie, the magniticent feat of
the duke of Northumberland.

IJlington, a large village in Middle*
fex, N of London, to which it is novr
contiguous. The New River Is receiv-
ed at the sw end of it, into a large re-
fervoir, whence its water is conveyed,
in pipes, to all parts of the metropolis.
Near this is a fpring of chalyhf^te
water, called Ni^w Tunbrid^'e Wills.
To the E of the town, is a manufadure
of white lead.

IJlipj a village in Oxfordfliire, on the
river Cherwell, 5 m n Oxford. It it
noted for being the birthplace of F.d-
ward the confcfibr, whofe tather had a
palace near the church, nut a trace of
which is now remaining-

Ifmail, a flrong town of European
Turkey, in BefTarbia. 'Ihc Ruflians
took it by florm, in 1790 ; and it is iaid,
that the long fiegc, and the capture,
did not co(t them lefs than ao,ooo men.
The brave garrilbn merited the highcft
honours, but they were mafTacrcd by
the Ruffians; and the town was aban-
doned to the fury of the brutal ibldi«ry.
a A

, ISP

Ifmall is feated on the v fide of the
DmuLe, 140 m s by w Bender. Lon.

39 -0 B, lat 45 1 1 N.

ifmaning, a town of Bavaria, which
giv(.■.^ name to a county. It is fituate
on th<- Ilir, 8 m nnk Munich, und 9
ssw Fre lingcn.

Ifmid. •T Is'S/kmldj a town of Afia-
tic Turkey, in N;.'olia, fuppofcd to
have bftn 11'^ ant' nt Nicomedia, the
capif.i? of Bi>V'riia. The Greeks and
-Arme.' ins have 'ach a church and an
archbifhop here, ft flands on the fide
of a mountain, bordering on a gulf of
the fea of Marmora, 45 m ese Conftan-
tinopic Lon. 20 \% b, lat 40 54 n.

Ijrnid a town of Afiitic Turkey, in
Caranf>iiii.i, 14 m v.sv. C'ogni.

Ifnic, .1 town of Afiatic Turkey, in
Natolia, and a Grf^f k archhifliop's fee.
If. is the ancient >Fice, famous for the
T'fl genvr;'! council held there in 32^-
Nothing remains of its ancient fplen-
dour but .in aqucduft. The Jows in-
b.ibit the greater part of it; and fillc
tornis the prinr-ipal article of trade. It
is featfd in a coutitry fertile in corn and
wine, 60 m sK Conftantinople- Lon. 29

40 K, lat. 40 23 N.

Ifny, a town of Suabia, with an ab>
bey, caUcd St. George, whofe abbot
was a ftatf of the empire. It is feated
on the Iihy, j8 m ne Lindau.

Ifola, a town of Naples, in Calabria
Ultra, 18 m sE St. Sevcrino.

Jj'pahan^ a celebrated city, and the
fouthern capital of Perfia, in the
province of Irak. It is la m in cir-
cuit, fituate in the middle of a plain,
furroundcd on all fides by mountains
at H m diftance, and near the river Sen-
derud, which fupplies it with water.
The houffii are univerfally of a light
yellow, and have fl.it roofs, on which
the inhabitants walk, eat, and lie, in
fnmmcr for tl,,: fake of the cool air.
The ftreets are not paved, but always
clean, as it feldom rains here ; and
many >f them have a canal, planted on
each fide with trees. Here are a great
number of magnificent palaces ; that of
the king is encloftd with a lofty wall
jibove 2 m in circuit, and though he
feldom refides here, its eftablifhment is
f') perfctt as to be ready to receive him
and his fuit without a moment's notice.
The mo'iques. bazars, caravanfaries,
public baths, coffcehoufrs, and flinp of
fweetmeats (the chief ingredients of
Perfian food) are very numerous. The
inhabitants were computed at above
6ooj00o ; but this kingdom having been
long diftraifted by civil wars, the prin-
cipal towns are greatly depopulatedi

I ST

and, in 1808, the adlual population dij
not exceed 400,000 fonU. Ifpahau has
three fuburbs, called Julf.', Hafenhath,
and Kebrabath ; the firit is large, and
contains nine churches. The chief ma-
nufadtures arc gr)ld brocades and fine
cotton cloths. Though at a diftance
from the' fea, iL carries on a great trade,
people of feveral nations relorting here
for the fike of traffic. It is 230 m s by
E Teheran, the northern capital, and
26ft NE Baflbra. Lon. 51 52 u, lat. 3»

3.1 ''•

Jfperlick, a town of European Tur-
key, in Servia, 24 m nne Nifla.

m\ fee Yfftl.

TjTengeauxt a town of France, in the
department of Upper Loire, 17 m ni:
Puy.

Ijfequibo, oi* Effeqiuboy a fettlement of
the Dutch in Guayana, on a river of
the fame name, and contiguous to thit
of Demorara. The river is 20 m wide
at its mouth, and more than 300 in
length. See Di-merara.

IJigeac, a towa of France, in the de-
partment of Dordogne, 12 m ssw Ber-
gerac.

IjJ'oire, a town of France, in the de-
pnrtment of Puy de Dome, feated on
the C)uze, near the Allier, 15 m sse
Clermont.

Jjbudunt a town of France, Sii the de-
partment of Indre, with a caftlc, and a
trade in wood, cattle, cloth, hats, and
ftockings ; feated on the Theols, 17 m
w Bourges, and 135 s Paris.

hfnr TilUy a town of France, in the
department of Cote d'Or, ieated on the
Tille, 12 m N Dijon.

Ijlapuy a town of New Spain, in the
province of Tabafco, 60 m sw Tabalco.

IJiapa, a town of New Spain, in Me-
choacan, 100 m ese Zacatula.

Iftapa, a town of New Spain, in the
province of Culiacan, 40 m e by s Cu-
liacan.

Iftriat a diftriifl of Italy, forming a
kind of peninfula on the ne part of the
gulf of Venice. It is bounded by Car-
niola on the ne, and on all other fides
bv the fea. The foil produces plenty
Oi wine, oil, and pafture ; and there are
quarries of fine marble ; alfo forefts that
produce not only abundance of fire-
wood and fliip-timber, but likewife
plenty of game. Part of Iftria belong-
ed to Venice, and part to Auftria : by
the treaty at Campo Formio, Auftria
became pofiTcfled of the whole ; and by
the treaty at Prefburg, it was ceded to
Italy. In 1809, this diftrift was trans-
ferred to France. Capo d'Iftria is the
capital.

Ml

, ISP

Iftnall Ib feated on the n fide of the
DmuLe, 140 m s by w Bender. Lon.

39 'r> B, lat 45 I I N.

ifmaning, a town of Bavaria, which
givts name to a county. Ft is fituate
on thf I/ir, 8 m nnk Munich, and 9
ssw Frt lingcn.

Ifmid. ■■r Is'S^kmicl, a town of Afia-
tic Turkey, in N;.'olia, fuppnfed to
have been li'** ant' n« Nicomedia, the
capir.i! of Bi.b'iiia. The Greeks and
J^rme.• ins have "ach a church and an
archbifhop here. It flands on the fide
of a mouht.iin, bordering on a gulf of
the fea of Marmora, 45 m esr Coiiftan-
tinopic Lon. 20 ^» e, lat 40 51 n.

Ijmid a town of Afiitic Turkey, in
Caramniiia, :-t m R.sic C'ogni.

Ifnic, .1 town of .Afiatic Turkey, in
Natolla, and a Grftk archhiOiop's fee.
It is the ancient Nice, famous for the
fi'fl pener.'l council held therein ^^'^,.
Nothing remains of ils ancient fplen-
doiir but nn aqucdudl. The Jews in-
b.ibit the greater part of it; and fillc
forms tilt prlnripal article of trade. It
is ftatf d in a country fertile in corn and
■wine, 60 m sK Conftantinople. Lon. 29

40 B, lat. 40 23 N.

Ifny, a town of Suabia, with an ab-
bey, called St. George, whofe abbot
was a ftatf of the empire. It is feated
on the Iihy, 18 m ne Lindau.

Ifola, a town of Naples, in Calabria
Ultra, 18 m sE St. Sevorino.

Jjpahan, a celebrated city, and the
Southern capital of Perfia, in the
province of Irak. It is la m in cir-
cuit, fituate in the middle of a plain,
furroundcd on all fides by mountains
at 8 m diftance, and near the river Sen-
derud, which fupplies it with water.
The houffn are univerfally of a light
yellow, and have flat roofs, on which
the inhabitants walk, eat, and lie, in
fnmmcr for th.~ fake of the cool air.
The ftreets are not paved, but always
clean, as it feldom rains here ; and
many >f them have a canal, planted on
each fide with trees. Here arc a great
number of magnificent palaces ; that of
the king is enclofed with a lofty wall
jibove 2 m in circuit, and though he
feldom refides here, its eftablifhment is
fo perfcit as to be ready to receive him
md his fuit without a moment's notice.
The mo'iqucs. bazars, caravanfaries,
public bathf., cofFtehoofrs, and fltnp of
Iweetmeats (the chief ingredients of
Perfian food) are very numerous. The
inhabitants were computed at above
600,000 ; but this kingdom having been
long diftr;i<5tcd by civil wars, the prin-
cipal towns are greatly depopulated^

1ST

and, in 1808, the adlual population did
not exceed 400,000 fouls, (fpahan has
three fuburbs, called Julf.-', Hafenbath,
and Kobrabath ; the firll is largp, and
contains nine churches. The chief ma-
nufafliires are gold brocades and fine
cotton cloths. Though at a diftance
from the {i^ji, i. carries on a great trade,
people of feveral nations relbrting here
for the fikn of trafiic. It is 230 m » by
E Teheran, the northern capital, and
26« Nt BafTora. Lon. 51 52 e, lat. 3*

Ifpfrlick, a town of Europe.in Tur-
key, in Scrvia, 54 m nne Nifla.

mix fee Yfffl.

Tjjetigeaux, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Loire, 17 m nc
Puy.

Ijfequiho, oi* Ejfequebo, a fettlemcnt «)f
the Dutch in Guayana, on a river of
the fame name, and contiguous to thit
of Demorara. The river is 20 m widr*
at its mouth, and more than 300 in
length. See Demerara.

IJI'igeac, a towa of France, in the de-
partment of Dordogne, 1% m s&w Ber-
gerac.

yjoiret a town of France, in the de-
partment of Puy de Dome, feated on
the C)uze, near the Allier, 15 m ssb
Clermont.

Jjbudun, a town of France, iii the de-
partment of Indre, with a caflle, and a
trade in wood, cattle, cloth, hats, and
ftockingfl ; feated on the Theols, 17 m
w fiourges, and 135 s Paris.

Is fur TilUf a town of France, in the
department of Cote d'Or, ieated on the
Tillc, 12 m N Dijon.

T/h/>a, a town of New Spain, in the
province of Tabafco, 60 m sw Tabalco.

T/la/>a, a town of New Spain, in Me-
choacan, 100 m ese Zacatula.

Ijiapa, a town of New Spain, in the
province of Culiacan, 40 m e by s Cu-
liacan.

IJiriot a diftritfl of Italy, forming a
kind of peninfula on the ne part of the
gulf of Venice. It is bounded by Car-
niola on the ne, and on all other fides
bv the fea. The foil produces plenty
Oi wine, oil, and pafture ; and there are
quarries of fine marble ; alfo forefts that
produce not only abundance of fire-
wood and fliip-timber, but likewife
plenty of game. Part of Iftria belong-
ed to Venice, and part to Auftria : by
the treaty at Campo Formio, Auftria
became poflVflTed of the whole ; and by
the treaty at Prelburg, it was ceded to
Italy. In 1809, this diftridl was trans-
ferred to France. Capo d'Iftria is the
capital.

IT A

Ital^t a country of Europe, bounded
on the N and nr by Swifrrlaiil and
Germany^ e by the gulf .»f Venice. •*
l)y the i^ieditcrraiiean. and w by tliat
fca and Fnnc«;. hs figure h.ts beiri
compired to that of a high boot: its
length, from the utm )ft point of the
duchy of Milan to the gulf of vSquillice,
is 670 m; its brc.idth, bi-tween Fraice
and Germany, in 3^0 tn, Imt 'hr medi-
ate breadth beiwec' the Mediterranean
and tJR' ffulf of Vonice js only no.
This clallical and interefting country
has been, in all agCH of hiftory, divid>il
into three parts, the northern, c.ntral,
and liiuthorn The northern had the
appellation of Ciliilpine Gaul ; the cen-
tral wad the feat of Roman and Etru-
rian power ; and the fouthcrn, having
received m-»ny Greek colonies, waa
called Magna G.a»cia. In the middle
ages the kingdom ot Lombardy ind that
of Naples |j< Id the n ami s cxtn-uT s,
and the Ecclifialkical and Tufcan Itites
occupied the centre. In more modem
times the northern part became divided
into a great number ot dates ; and pre-
vious to the late alterations made by
the French the whole coUiitry was di-
vided in the following manner. Be-
tween the confines of France and Swil"
ferland, on the w and n were the con-
tinental dominions of the king of Sar-
dinia, namely, Savoy, Nice, Piedmont,
part of Milanefe, and Oneglia. To the
NE were the territories of Venice,
which are enumerated under that ar-
ticle. South of thefe, .were the domi-
nions of the emperor of Germany,
namely, part of Milanefe and Man-
tuan j and .s of the latter is Modenefe,
which belonged to the duke of iVJo-
dena. Weft of Modeneft is the dachy
of Parma, whofe fovereign is of the
houfe of Bouibon ; toihesw of which
lies the republic of Genoa; and se of
this, that of Lucca. Hence extends,
along the coaft of the Mediterranean,
the grand duchy of Tulcany. The
Ecclefiaftical State, or territory of ^he
pope, lies NE and E of Tufcany, be-
tween the gulf of Vtnice and the Me-
diterranean ; and all s of this is the
kingdom of Naples. Of the preftnt
unfettled ftate of this country a brief
account muft be given. Savoy, Nice,
and Piedmont have been annexed to
France. By the treaty of Campo For-
raio, in 1797, the Venetiati territories
to the E and n of the river Adige were
ceded to Auftria ; and the remainder of
the Venetian ftates, with the duchies of
Modena, Milan, and Mantua, the prin-

I T A

cipality of MalTa. and the three leg.i-
tioiis if Fcrrira, iiologna, and Komagiia
in tin; Ecc'tfi dt'C il Slati-, wcr-ertc'lcd
iiu ) a government by the Freni-h, nid
callud the Cifaipine Rcptihlic. Tliia
repiiolic Wis overturned in i7yy, but
rcilored allt r the battle of Martiigo ir
1800; and in iKcji it rfci'ivtd a ni'w
coiiditution, under tin* 1 ame of the
lta;i,<n Ripwblic, and B tn.ipirte, th»-u
firit ooiiful of Franctf, wis cle^Jte.l prc-
fiitent. In 1805, the Itjliin republic
was eree*tcd into a klUfidom, and ttie
nupcioi ()l France afTuuK-d me liile of
Knig f It ily. Then th.- Aiiftriai- p.irt
of tno Venetian fta'cs vvi le adiltd to its
leriitorie.H, hy the treaty of Pnlbng;
and afterward Valtclme and fit counties
of Chiaven:ie and Boimio, from the
country of the Grifons, were annexed.
The ki'.gdom of Iraly is divided into
dep^rt\ni nts, and thi city ot Milan is
the capital See I'u/cant/t l''cclejtajlical
State, and Nupies, for lurthcr changta
in the government of tiiis country, the
whole of which fcems to be under the
control of France. The air ot Italy is
very ditferent, according to the difFcrent
fitnationsof the countriis it conlaitis:
inthofeonthi Nt fide of the Apennines,
it is more tcmperat< ; but on the svv it is
very warm in Campagnadi Roma, and
Fcrrarefe, it is faid to Ire unwholefomc,
from thi- lands not being duly cultivat-
ed, nor the marlhcs drained ; but in the
othtr parts it i.s generally pure, dry,
and healthy. The principal liversare
the Po, Tiber, Aino, Ad';;e, and Yar;
and there are feverai fine lakes, as the
Maggiore, Lugano, Como, Gard.i, Pe-
riig i, Braceiano, and Celano- The
foil, in gentr;d, is very fertile. It pro-
duces a great variety of wines, and the
beft oil in Europe; excellent fi!k in
abundance ; corn of all forts, but not
in fuch plenty as in other countries j
oranges, lemons, citron^, pomegranates,
almonds, raifins, fngar, figs, pcache.s,
apricots, pears, apples, filberts, cheft-
nuts, &c. Mod of thete fruits \Vcre at
firft imported by the Romans from Afia
Minor, Greece, Africa, and Syria, and
were not the natural prodiidU of the
foil. i his country alfo yields good
pafture, and abounds with cattle, fheep,
goats, bufFalas, wild boars, mules, and
horfcs. The foiefts are well fiored with
game ; and the mountains have mines
of iron, lead, alum, fulphur, marble,
alabafter, jafper, porphyry, &c. with
a great variety of aromatic hi^rbs, trees,
fhrubs, and evergixene. Wine, oilj^

I

perfumest, fruits, and filks,

2 A 2

are ib^

ITZ

principal articles of exportation ; and
great rumi of money are expended by
traveUcrs in the purchafe of pidlures,
cur'.iiitieit rflics, antiquities, 6cc. No
cruutry lias produced better politicians,
hiftoriunir poets, muficians, painters,
and fculptors ; that ii, fince the revival
•f the arts and fclcnces, excluflvo of
thofe of ancient times. The Italians
are generally well proportioned ; but of
their complexion they cannot boaft.
"With refpedt to drcfs, they follow the
faih'ons of the countries on which they
border, or to which they arc fubjedt.
They are very afable, courteous, inge-
nious, fober, and ready-witted ; but ex-
tremely jealous, vindictive, lafcivious,
ceremonious, and fupcrftitious. In
their difpofltion they are a medium be-
tween the French and Spaniards ;
neither Co gay and volatile as the one,
nor fo grave and folemn as the other.
Their fondnefs for greens, fruits, and
vegetables of all kinds, contributes to
their contentment and fatisfadlion ; and
an Italian gentleman or peafant can be
luxurious at a very fmall expenfe. The
women affeft yellow hair, as did for-
merly the Roman ladies nnd courtezans,
and ufe paints and wafhes, both for
their hands and face. Mafqneradef,
gaming, horfe-races without riders, and
converfations or aflemblies, are the
chief diverfions of the Italians, except-
ing religious exhibitions, in which they
are pompous beyond all other nations.
There ave forty-one archbifhoprics in
Italy, but the biftioprics are too inde-
finite and arbitrary to be depended on ;
the pope creating or fupprefling them
as he pleafes. The eftablifhed religion
is the Roman catholic ; but all fe^s
live unmolefted, provided no grofs in-
fult is offered to their worfhip. Their
language, a corruption of the Latin, is
remarkable for its fmoothnefs, and is
faid to be fpoken in its greateft purity
at Florence.

Itata, a province of Chili, watered
by a river of the fame name. The beft
wine in Chili is obtained here, and
bein^ produced from lands belonging to
the mhabitants of Conception, has re-
ceived the name of Conception; and
much gold is found in the mountains
and rivers. The capital is Jefus of
Coulemu.

Itcherij or Alte, a river in Hampfbire,
which rifes near Alresford, flows by
Winchefter, and enters the bay of South-
ampton, at the town of that name.

Itzehoe, a town of Lower Saxony, in
Holftein, with a fortrefs. A duty is

JU A

ctaAed here from all (hips coming urn
the Steer, on which river it is feated,
I a m NNK Gluckftadt, and 33 nw
H.imburg.

Juan, St. or Defa^uadtro, a river of
New Spain, which is the outlet of the
lake Nicaragua. It flows, from the s 1 cor-
ner of the lake, in an cafterly dircdlion,
between the provinces of Nicaragua,
and Cofta Rica, into the Caribean fca.

Juan, St- a town of New Spain, in
the province of Nicaragua, at the head
of tne river St- Juan, no m e Ni-
caragua. Lon. 8445 w, lat. 11 15 n.

Juan Bautljla, St. a town of Terra
Firma, ii» the province of Venezuela,
with a large trade in horfei, mules,
beeves, and cheefe; feated on the w fule
of the Pas, 105 m sw Leon. Lon.
68 a I w, lat. 9 22 N.

Juan dt la Frontera, St. a town of
Chili, near which arc mines of gold,
and a kind of almonds that are very
delicate. It is leated near tlie lake
Guanacho, on the e fide of thj Andes,
i.;o m N Mendoza. Lon. 70 15 w,
lat. 32 5 s.

Juan de Fuca, Strait of, a large bay
or gulf of the Pacific ocean, on the w
coaft of N America. Its narrow en-
trance is in lon. 125 3 w, lat. 48 2j n.

Juan de Maguanu, St. a town of St.
Domingo, on the river Neyba, 48 m
Nw Ocoa.

Juan de Porto Rico, St. the capital of
the ifland of Porto Rico, with a good
harbour, defended by feveral forts. It
is a bifliop's fee, well built, and better
inhabited than moft of the SpaniHi
towns. It was taken by fir Francis
Drake, and afterward by the earl of
Cumberland, who was forced to aban-
don it from lofing moft of his men by
Hcknefs. In 1615, the Dutch took and
plundered this city, but could not re-
tain it. It ftands on a peninfula, on
the N coaft of the iiland. Lon. 66 12
w, lat. 18 29 K.

Juan del Rio, St. a town of New
Spain, in New Bifcay, with upward of
10,000 inhabitants, 65 m v by e Du-
raneo.

Juan de Ulua, St. a fmall ifland in the
gulf of Mexico. See f^ero Cruz.

Juan Fernandez, an ifland in the Pa-
cific ocean, lying no leagues w of Chili.
It was formerly uninhabited ; and Alex-
ander Selkirk, a Scotchman, was left
on this folitary place, by his captain,
and lived five years, till he was dif-
covered in 1709. The narrative of his
proceedings in this ifland gave rife to
the celebrated produ&ion, the Advem-

i

J

turei <

isabou

appear!

are int

wood, ;

the fide

V tiement

the N ai

Cnmbci

battcric

valley, 1

houfea

fliaded \

33 40 s

Ivanf>

Jvani

river Lo

16 14 E,

Jubo,

coaft of i

fame nar

Lon. 43

Jucata

peniiiluli

of Mexi<

Campeac

at the ifti

Vera Pas

tinent 36

The s pa

lakes ; ar

of logwc

iugar, c.

Englifli h

of the bi

rivers Hel

part is I(

without

any ineqd

bitants a]

pi^ts, and,,

it in abunl

or ftreaml

Judenbl

pital of

caftle.

fquare,

was takeil

is fiated

Lon. 14

Judoigl
in BrabaiT
an anciej
river Get
Ivelch\
Ives,
vcrned bj
Wednef({
on a bay
unfafe, i^
Here is
Charies
977 w bj
Ives,

I VE

turei or Robinfon Crufoe. The inaiid
is about 40 m in circuit, and at a didance
appcara likt: a naked rock ; but there
are intcrfcding vallies coveri-d with
wood, and a grvH number of goati on
the fides of every hill. In 1766, a fct-
tlcmvnt waH macle by ihe Spaniards, on
the N and highed part of this illind, at
Cumberland bay, which is defended by
batteries. The town is Tituate in a fin'
valley, between two high hills, and the
houfcs have gardens, with arbours
Hiaded with vines. Lon. 79 30 w, lat.
33 40 8.

Ivangorod; fee Narva-

Ivanitz, a town of Croatia, on the
river Lonia, 41 m nf. Carlfladt. Lon.
16 14 E, lat. 46 5 N.

Juio, a kingdom of Africa, on the
eoaft of Zangurbar, with a capital of the
fame name, fubjedl tu the Pori:uguefe>
Lon. 43 2o E, lat. o 50 N.

Jucatarif or Yucatan, a province and
peniiifula of New Spain, in the audience
of Mexico, lying between the bays of
Campeachy and Honduras, and bounded
at the ifthmus by Tabafco, Chiapn, and
Vera Paz. It projc(5t8 from the con-
tinent 360 m, and is 150 in breadth.
The s part has mountains, rivers, and
lakes ; and produces a great quantity
of logwood and mahogany, as alio
fugar, caflia, and maize. Here the
Englidi have a fettlement, on the coall
of the bay of Honduras, between the
rivers Hellize and Rio Hondo. The n
part is lefs produflivc, and not only
without mountains, but almoft without
any inequality of ground. The inha-
bitants are Aipplied with water from
pits, and, wherever they dig them, find
it in abundance ; but there is not a river
or ftream. Merida is the capital.

Judenburgt a town of Germany, ca-
pital of Upper Stiria, with a handfome
caftie. The public buildings, with the
fquare, are magnificent. This town
was taken by the French, in 1797. 't
isfeated on the uluer, 40 m w Gratz.
Lon. 14 34 E, tat. 47 ij N.

Judoigne, a town of the Netherlands,
in Brabant, near which are the ruins of
an ancient caftlc. It is feated on the
river Gete, 13 m sse Louvain.

Ivelchejier ; fee llchejUr.

Ives, St. a borough in Cornwall, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market on
Wcdnefday and Saturday. It is feated
on a bay of the fame name, which being
unfafe, is frequented by Slhermen only.
Here is a grammar-fchool* founded by
Charles i. It is 8 m ne Penzance, and
»77 w by s London.

Jvesi St- a town in Huntingdonihire,

JUM

with a market on Monday ; feated om
the Oufe, 6 m NR Huntingdon, and 39
K by w London.

Jugon, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Cotes du Nord, feated oa
the Arqucon, 19 m ssE St. Brieuc.

Ivica, or I''Vii.a, an illand of the Me-
diterranean, 56 m to the sw of Majorca.
It is about 6o m in circuit, and moun-
tainous i but rich in corn and fruit. A
great quantity of ialt is made here,
highly eftecmcd for its wkitenefs. The
capital, of the fume name, which ftands
on the s fide of thf ifland, is little more
than a fbrtrefs, and has a good harbour.
Lon. I 35 E, lat. 3R 5a K.

Iving/w, a town in Buckingham(hire»
with a market on Friday, and manufac-
tures of bouelace. It is 6 m sw Dun-
liable, and 33 nw London.

Julamerik, or Gulamtrik, a town of
Afiaiic Turkey, in Kurdiftan, with a
ftonc fort. It is governed by a bey, and
feated on the Hakiar, 40 m ssb Betlis.

Jul/ar, a town of Arabia, in the pro-
vince of Oman, fltuate on a hay ot the
gulf of Peifia, loom Nw Oman. Lon.
56 14 E, lat. 25 55 N.

Jutient St. a town of France, in the
department of Jura, 18 m s by w Lont
le Saunier.

Jul'tende Saultt St. a town of France*
in the department of Yonne, feated be-
tween two mountains covered with
vines, near the river Yonne, 6 m nw
Joieny.

JuHertt a late duchy of Germany, in
the circle of Wedphalia, 68 m \ox\g
and JO broad ; bounded on the n by
Gclderland, E by Cologne, s by Luxem-
burg and Treves, and w by Limburg.
It now belongs to France, and is in-
cluded in the department of Roer. It
is remarkable for the quantity of woad
it produces.

Julien, a fortified city of France, in
the department of Roer, lately of Ger-
many, and capital of a duchy of its
name. It w£.3 taken by the French in
1794. It is feated on the Roer, 22 m
w Cologne. Lon 6 24 e, lat. 50 55 N.

JuHujburg, a town of Silefia, with a
caftie, 4 m N OcU.

Jumel/a, a town of Spain, in the pro-
vince of Mureia, 22 m sw Mureia.

Jumiege, a town of France, in the de-
partment t)f Lower Si ine, with a Bene-
didtine abbey; feated on the Seine, is
m sw Rouen.

Jummoo, or Jumbo, a town of Hin-
dodftan, in the country of Lahore. It
is a place of confiderable trade, fituate
on the Rawee, 80 m ne Lahore. Lon*
73 40 K, lat. SI 5a N.

-■,)

I"

'>/f

IVR

Jumn/t, n rivrr of ilindooltaiit which
riffHin tlir moiiiitainint Siiin.)Kur« ttuwn
HK liy Dilhiiiiid A^'ia, and Joint Ihc
OanK'K, at Alluh.ilMd.

JuHogurs a town and fortrcfn of Hin-
doiiUan. ill Ouzt-rW, 170 in aw Amcvla
b'ltl L(Hi 69 34 t, l.it. 21 48 N.

Jutignau, ;j town of Siubii, cMpiia!
of a lordHiip t)f thr fame nKXUv 14 m w
Biichaii.

Junien, St. 1 town of Franct'i 'n the
drpaitmnt ot l/ppt-r \'i"Mitii*, on the
rivir \ icmif, 15 n» w Limo^rfs.

Junkffilan, *n ifla>>d in the Indian
octritn nt.tr 'he s^v coid o^Sitn. 60 m
]()Mg, and (rem lu to ;o broid. The
loil 18 Inxnriant, and it ha>> » confulrrable
trade in ivory and t>n. I'hr principal
town,t)f tlie f.imc nanus u fituatt* on the
N part of the ifl.uid, and has a harbour
capahl of rt'Cf ivii'n v> ffels of a modf-
rat' fize- Lun- (;H o i'., iat. 8 to n.

Ivoix ; let IJarijfnan.

Jura, .m ifljnd of Scotland, ono of
the HeiTidts, lying nne of Ifli It it
2' m long and 7 broad, fcparated from
the mainland of the connty of Attyle.
by a ftratt 4 m wide, called the Sound of
Jura On thi' w coaft are four mcun-
taint ot a conic lorm -callrd the Pap8 of
Jura, one ot which it elevated j6oo ttet
abiivf the level of the (ira. The reft of
the id ind \» rni;{{cd, riiid eenerally co-
vered witli liiath ; but ir feedt nunntr-
ous lit-rdH of (hcip and goats. Here
it abundance o' iroji re; and on the
w caft a gi^at qnamity of fine fand,
which IS carried away for the manufac-
ture of j:Iafs. I* Ins a village of the lame
name, on the k coaft, with a good har-
bour L'.n 5 44 w, Iat 568 N.

Jura, a d. p.trlment of France, in-
cluding p^rt of the late province of
Fianche Comt«^. It contain.^ mines of
iron of a fupeiiorqiiality, mines 01 cop
per and lead, and many qiarnes of
biuck marble, jafper, and alabalter. It
takes its naine from Mount Jura. Lons
le Sa" ler is the capital.

Jura, L\Iount, a chain of mountains
whici. b'-gins in ihe canton of Zurich,
in Swinerlind, txtt;iid8 along the Rnine,
into the canton of ."^oleure and the prin-
cipality ot Ni ncliatel, branches out to
ward P^ya de Vatid, ftpaiatcs that
conntry from Fi.u'cr, and continues
beyond the fr(>nticrs of theGeiievois as
far a^ the Uh'Ts. Ii Pays de Vaiid,
this chain forms many elevated valley.";;
particularly one on tlie top ot thai part
cnlled Mount Jo;x, which is wattred
by two pidoreique lakes, the largcft
Callei Joux. and theotiter Breiiet.

77}rea, a city of Piedmont, and a bi-

171

fliop't fee, with a (ort. cit.-id.l, and caf-
Ml. It now bcloiigt lo Fr-incf, and it
•he c;<pit.il of the department of Dnria.
The cathedra' is faid to have been an-
ciently a temple of Apollo; bcfule
which there are four other churchei
and li'ver.d religions houfeH. Il in (irat-
ed on the Durn, between two hills, ]«
m N Turin, and 3,1 t. by n Sufa. Lon.

7 4H K, Iat. 45 22 s

Ivry, a town of France, in the dc-
piitnu-nt of Eurr, with a Benedidine
abhiy; leated on the Eure, 12 m se
Evn nx.

Jujfey, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Saone, fitnate on
the Amancc, 15 m nw Vefoul, and %i
E Lungies.

JiijH'igen, a town of Suabia, capital
of a lordOi'p, 16 m nni. liuehau.

Jiterhoeh, a lown of Saxony Proper,
fitutte on the Angerbach Heir, in
Sipff^mlier 18 1 J , the French, undt r mar-
shal Ney, were defeated by the allies,
under the orincc royal of Sweden. It il
12 m Nk Wittcnbirg.

Juthia ; fee Sinm>

./tt//fl«</, a peninfula, the principal part
of ttie kingdom of DcnmiirK, 210 m long
and ftom ;o to Ho broad ; bounded on
the s by the duchy of Holdi in, and on
the ■ ither fides by the German ocean and
tiie Baltic. In the middle of the northern
part the foil is terti'e in corn, and feedt
a great number of horfct and beeves,
which are fcnt to Germany, Holland,
^c. It was anciently called Cimbrica
Cherfo'ieliis, and i» luppokd to be the
country whence the Saxons came who
Conquered England. It is divided into
two provinces, called North and South
Jutland. N Jutland is liibdivided into
the diocefet of Alhurg, Wibiirg, Arhn-
ien, and Ripen, lb named from the chief
towns ; and Wiburg is the cipital of
ihc province. S Jutland is not half the
fize of the other province, and is com-
monly called the duchy of Slefwick,
from its capital of that name.

Ix-worth, a town in Suffolk, with a
Market on Friday, 7 m N h Bury St. Ed-
mund, and 77 NNfc Limdon.

Jyepour, a town of Hindooftan, in
Agr-", capital of the territory of Jyena-
gi 't is a place of great wealth, be-
ing ...le ftaple for goods that are brought
from the neighbouring provitKcs- It
is lao m w by s Agra. Lon. 76 34 e,
|at. aO 56 N.

Ixeron, a town of France, in the de-
paitment of Rhone, 10 m sw Lyon.

lzig!njk, a town of Siberia, in the
province of Okotik, defended by lofty
palifade8,and wooden baftions provided

apa.

10 as
Kal
Afiaticl
pital of
Cefare^
cuit, ]
by a
quarteil
or chal
Moroc
foot o{
fnow,
Iat. ,.
K'ak
Georgl
which r
cient
Caucal
Derbel
Kal
a greal

f.tf-

|l is
jria-

Ian-
fulc
|he>

19

de-
line

.sc

de-

on

21

i

r

K AL

with CMnon'md military ftorro. The
commerce conflfti of fiim and th(> flcini
of raindeer. It la (I'atcd on tl.c I/igin,
IS m from iti mouth, and jao nr
()li<)t(k- Lon. 160 to t!, lat. 61 4* n.

Izquintinanjfo, a town of N« . Spain,
in the province of Chi.ipa. The vici-
nity produces cotton and a great num-
ber of pineapples. It is 100 m sk Chi-
apa- Lon. 93 45 w, lat. 16 10 k.

K.

t^JVordi !hat fometimti bef(in nvith K,
and are ^not found under that letlevt
may be fought for under the letter C.

Kaharda, n town of Ruflia, in the
provinct- of ('aucafia, which has a court
of judicc It ftands at the flcirts of
Mount Caucafus. 36 m sCatharinograd-

Kab'ts, or Kubbees, a town of Perfia,
in Kerman, fituate in thi; midlt of the
defert, 130 m nf. Kerman.

Kadhema, a feaport of Arabia, in the
province of Bahrin. The Inhabitants
arc chiefly employed in the pearl fiftiery.
It h leated on ii bay of the gulf of
Perfia, 170 m n by w Lachfa. Lon. 47
36 E, lat. }8 40 V.

Kah/, a town of Germany, in the
late elcdorate of Mcntz, on a rifer of
the fume name, 4ms Hanau.

Kahla, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Thuringia, with a t lie 011 a hill ; Seat-
ed on the Saal, 30 m sw Naumburg.

Kain ; fee Kin.

Kairvan, a city of Tunis, the fecond
in the k ingdom for trade and population,
and has the mod magnificent mofque in
Barbary. It is 60 m sse Tunis. Lon.
10 25 E, lat. 35 40 N.

Kai/itrieh, or Kaifarijah, a town of
Afiatic Turkey, in Caramania, the ca-
pital of a fungiacat- It was the' ancient
Cefarea of Capadochia. It is 5 m in cir-
cuit, furrounded by walls, and defended
by a cadlc ; and U divided into 180
quarters, in each of which is a molque
or chapel. The principal trade is in
Morocco leather. It is fituate at the
foot of a mountain, always capped witli
fnow, 150 m ENE Cogni. Lon. 35 15 e,
lat. 38 40 N.

I(aket, a town of the country of
Georgia, in the province of its name,
which comprehends a part of the an-
cient Iberia. It is fituate near Mount
Caucafus, 45 m NNBTeflis, and 120 nw
Cerbend.

Kalauf a town of Lufatia, which has
a great trade <n wool, 1 1 m se Luckau.

K A I.

Kalhat, a town of Arabia, in the pro.
vince of Oman, on ■ river of the (amo
n.imc, at it« entrance into the gulf of
Ormus, Ho m SB M^fcat.

AWi/, 4 town of Hrandenburg, in
the New mark, near X.\w fronticn of
Poland, 37 m r. Stargard.

h'aiifih, a city of I'oland, capital of
a palatinate of the iame name. It it
Icated (III the Profna, furrounded by
morafTcB and walls, 40 m • Gnefcn.
Lon. 18 5 w, lat. 510 s.

Kalkal, A town of Perfia, in Adcr-
beitzan, which has minrn of (aJtpetrr,
copper, and lead. It is feated amid
mountains, 60 m esb Tabriz.

Kalkast a tribe of the Mongul Tar«
tars, in Chinele Tartary. They inhabit
the country tt of the Mongul Tartars,
properly (0 called, which ftretches ai
far as the kingdom of the Eluths ; and
is near 300 leagues in extent from e
to w. They live in tents, on the banks
of their numerous rivers, the principal
one called Kalka Pira. They adore a
jama of the lecond order, who is held
in fuch veneration, that bonzes from
China, Hindoollun. P>-gu, &c. come to

fiay their devotions at his refidence in
ben Pira.

Kallinburgy a feaport of Denmark,
in the ifle of Zealand, feated on an inlet
of the Great Belt, with the beft har-
boiir, next to Copenhagen, on the ifland.
It is 55 m w by N Copenhagen. Lon.
II II e, lat. 55 47 N.

Kalmucs, a nation of Tartars, inha-
biting that part of the Ruflian govern-
ment ofCaucafia, which lies between
the Volga and the Ural, toward the
Cafpian lea. They all live in tents, and
remove from place to place in queft of
pufture fur their horfes, camels, cows,
and flieep. They neither fow corn, nor
make hay for their cattle, fo that they
live without bread, or any fort of vege-
table; and, in winter, their cattle fare
like the wild beads. I'heir food is llefh
(efpecially that of horfesj filli, wild
fowl, and venifon j and they have great
plenty of milk, butter, and cheele; but
mare's milk is the moft ettceiTied, and
from it they make a Itrong fpirit, to
which they are partial. They are di-
vided into a number of hordes or clans,
each under their own particular khan,
and all acknowledge the authority of
one principal khan, who is called Or-
chicurtikhan, or the king of kings, and
derives his pedigree from the great Ta-
.merlane. All of them, however. hav«
fubmitted to the government of Ruflia,
or live under its protedlion. Tbiey are
paganS) and believe in the tranfmigra-

^>l.

K AL

tioti of fouli. Ill ptrion they arr of i
low n.ituirt Kiul bow<lrgj{til, nccailun-
fil br ilirir bring To (.ontinually on
lii)r(rl).ick, or lilting v^ilh (heir Irgt
bt'low thrm Tliiii f.tcr« nrr briud
and n»t, 'vitli A n.it noil- .mil lliilc
blnck rycK, diftjiit fiom cich other
liki* the Chiiic(i'. They .iro of .«n olive
colour. An<\ ihrir fncci full of wrinklri,
with very little b<-aid ( they Ouve tlicir
heidfl, tcuvin)( only i iiiit of hiir on the
crown. Th«' better (()rt we.ir co.iti of
Anfl' or nik, Wivh .1 wid*' I'lirco.it of
(h'TpIkiiit, and a c,ip of tlii' Time.
Their only wc.iponi weic the citmter,
lane*', and bow ; but thi-y now ule
firr-arms. In winti-r they are obliged
to crofit the river, and live on the b.<re
plains of Allr.ic.in, where their «)nly
firing is the dried dung of the cattif,
and the cutile thcmlolvt'n ft.irving on
the fcan'y produce of a dclirrt. In
fbring, their former habitation on the K
fide of the riv. r is ovfi flowed, for near
a month, by the mrliing t)f the inow ;
and when the water fuhfldeii, they fwim
their joadtd camels iind c.itlle over the
river, where the intervening iflands
make the paH'age oaficft. When they
go upon an expedition, every one takes
a Iheep with him for his provifion, and
thrte horfes, which he rides alrcrn ttely ;
and when any one of them f.iiU, they
kill it and divide the flcih, putting pieces
of it ui'der their fiiddle, ;muI wfttr riding
ibme time upon It, they cat it with-
out further pn p;iration Their kibbctn,
or tenls, are roimd, with .i fire in the
mitldie, ?"<! a iiole at the top to let
out the inioke, on which Is a krinc
that can be turntd Tgninft the wind.
The t< nf en be eiilarprd or coiitradlfd
at phajuie, then lidth being made of
wick,er-w(>rl<,.inil lh« crols llicks jointed
for folding toj'.eihtr or exit ndinp ; and
thiyarc coveied over with thick felt,
more or lels according as the fialbn is
cold or warm

Kalniunx., i, town of Bav.iria, in the
principality < f Neiiburg, at the conflux
of the Nab with the Vil*, ix m nnw
Katifbon.

Kalnhk, a town of Poland, in the pa-
latinate ol flr.iclaw, 16 m kne Brarlaw.

Kalo, a town o! Upper Hungary, Icat-
ed on a lrtk<-, j2 m Ht Tockay.

Kaluga, a govctnnnent of the RulTian
empire, formerly a province in the go-
vernment of Mi)tc'iw.

Kaluga, a city uf Riiffia, capital of a
goveinmtnt of the fame name, and a
place of copfidcr.^ble trade. In i8ta,
It was entered by Tome of the French
from Moi(;uW}but foon after evacuated.

K \ M

It it l^atrd on the Oka, no m siw

Mofi'ow. l.on. 71 M *<• i't. 54 all N.

Kiimakura, an illind of Japan, ^ m
in citcuH, lying on thi* » coah of Ni>
phon. it U a place of enilc dir ltat«
prifoner* i and the road \% lo fteen, that
they are lifted up by cranes.

Kamulia, a town of NigroLind, In
the counity of Mandingo. The inha*
bitaiitu An: partly pa^atu, and partly
.Mohamcdani. and ha\ * nianuf.ictures
of c«)ttnn, leather, and iron. It is jio
m WNw Kong. Lon.6o w,lat. 1 1 10 N.

Kamhtila, a ridge (if niouniaini lit
Tibet, between the lake I'ultc ,and ihc
river Biirrampooter.

Kameniiz, a town of l1ohrmi.i,in the
circle of Bcchin, 17 m e by n Bechin.

Kamenjiaia, a town of Kiilfia, in the

Envernineni of Voronct/. on the river
Kinaet/, 60 m i-sk Lugan.

Kaminieck, a flron'g town of Poland,
capital of Podolia, and a bidiop'R (ee,
with a caftle. VVhen the Riifliansfeizcd
part of the Polilh territories in I79lt
this fortrelii held out a long time belore
it fnrrendercd. The caftle is (eatrd on
a craggy rock, 85 m w liraclaw, and
100 8 E Lcmburg. Lon. a6 30 k, iat. 48
58 N.

Kamnitz, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle ot Leitmcrit/., with a manufadure
of Oockings, 21 m nnb Lcitmeritz.

Kamtjchatka, a pen in fu la on the E
coaft ot Sibiria, extending from s 1 to 61
N Iat. The ifthmus, joining it to the
continent on the n, lies between the
gulfs of OUitorfk and PcnOiink ; and
its extremity to the s i' cape Lopaika.
The grvattrt brtadth is 14) m, hfing
from the mouth of the river Tigril to
tlie rivtr Kamtfchatka ; and toward
each extremity it gradually becomei
narrower. It is bou!ided on the n by
the country ot the Koi lacks, nk by the
lea of Kamtfchatka, sfc by the Pacific
ocean, and w by the fta of Okotflc. A
chain of mountains extends the whole
length of the peninfula, and almoft
equally dividcn it; whence feveral rivers
take their lilc and purl'ue their cot'rfe
to the fea- In the s part is a volcano ;
and near it are the hot baths ot N'ttchi-
kin, where the hot water falls in a rapid
caiiL-ade 300 feet. The foil, in general,
Is barren and heathy, with ftunted trees
thinly fcattered; but fome p irts are (aid
to produce good gials. 1 he (tvtrity of
the climate is equal to the rterliiyof
the foil; for in compu'ing the fe^fons
here,fpringfhould bcomittltd. Summer
maybe liiid lotxtend trom the middle of
June to the middle of September; 0(flo-
be; may be confidercd as an autumn ;

frnmwhlc
It isatldr
gniw here
Til, garlii
allii a var
thered at
by malhii
condituti
winter pr
fauce to d
turnipi ai
fpots of g
la the utn
tlon. Th
chadaieH,
mixture I
rUgei. '
forts, cal
houfei. T
trr.andth
third, iiiir
the m(»re
external a
a round 1
for a chit
left in the
go in and
pole, h.iv
aflfoid a li
upper go
releinbles
fummer w
intended f
having or

})rtlerved
nnermoft.
other cot I
this; and
thin Pcrfi.
wear lung
fl^ins, wit
have alfo 1
arc ufuall
but arc {
ihoulders
of wives li
there is iic
than in th(
are fui\ji«:
trade coni

Kamtji,
beria, cap
citadel, a
. fixated on
fchatka, i
161 5c li, I

Kamtj'ci
beria, in
Kamtfchal
ichaikoi.

Kdndeg,
in the C.i
capital of
the rc(|dei

fmmwhichpxritKltothcmldilleorjiine
It i« all (irr.iry wititrr. Somi* vrgctthirt
grow hrre in « wild (late, ruth 4» cher-
vil. K*rlic, onioiii, niitfrlicit 4iut Ci'Icry i
•ho a variety of berrlct. which ari' g%-
Ihcn-d at proper fcironii And prcfcrvcd
by m,(ll>int{ them iiiio 4 (hick jam I thcU'
conditiiti' .1 fonAili'r.ihle part of tin;
winter proviliomi, fcrving ai a ^tncral
faucetodrit'd Hth. II>Te are mUo iomo
tiirnip-i And turnip rridiihcn, upon .1 few
fpotH of ground in the v:dlcyt| and this
U the utmoli: extent of gudcn cultiva*
tion. Thi! inhiihit inti conlUt of KAmtl"
ch.idali-H, Kuni.um, and Coiracs. and a
miKturc protiuci'il hy thfir intermar-
riagci. Their luhitationi iirc of thrcf
forta, called jourti, balaf^ani, and log*
houfiM. Thry inhabit the firll in the win-
ter, and the lecond in the liimmer; in the
third, iniroduccil by the Kuflians, only
the more wealthy people rclidc. The
external appearance of a jourt refi-mblca
a round Iqnat hillock ; a hole (trving
for a chimney, window, and door, in
left in the centre ; and the inhabitants
go in and out by the afTidance of a long
pole, having notches deep enough to
afford a litilc (ecurity for the toes. The
upper gdinent of the Kamtfchadales
rcfcmbles a wagoner's frock. If for
fummcr wear, it is made of nankin ; if
intended for winter, it is made of a (kin,
having one fide tanned, and the hair

f)rtli'rved on the other, which in worn
nnermoft, A dole jacket of nankin, or
other c<»tton IhifT, is the next under
this; and b( n»ath that a (hirt made of
thin Pcrlian fiik oi* any colour. They
Wear long brcech«'S and boots made of
fltins, with the hair innermoft. They
have alfo a fur cap, with two flaps that
are ufually tied up clofe to the head,
but arc permitted to fall round the
Ihoulders in bad weather. A plurality
of wives is allowed among them ; and
there is no ItCs fenfuality in ihcir jourts,
than in the harems of the Turks. They
are fu'>j»(a to the RuflTuna, and their
trade coniids in fu.s and Ikins.

Kamtfchatkoii Miznei. a town of Si-
beria, capital of KamtCchatka, with a
citadel, arlenal. and barracks. It is
firated on thf n fule of the river Kamt-
Tchatka, ao m fiom its mouth. Lon.
161 y. K, lit 56 30 .V.

Kamtj'chatkoif I rrc/mi, a town of Si-
beria, III Kamtfchatka, on the river
Kamtfchatka, ijo m sw Ni/nei Kamt-
i'chaikoi.

Kandegheri, a town of Hindooftan,
in the Cariiatic. In 1599 it was the
capital of a kingdom, ca!l< d ■^^Jr^lnga,
the rcQdence of a Hindoo king, whole

K AR

dominion* estended over Tanjorr and
Madura, and in 1640, a defcend.int ol
that prince, wh>) reigned here, p<rmit*
ted the I'.nglilh to form a fettlcment at
Madras. It ii 70 m nw M4draa. Lon.
79 14 I. lat. ij 46 N.

KtiHtm. a town of the empire of Ror*
noil, in a province of the lame name,
where ar-bred multitudes of cattle and
horfcs. 1 is ticatvdon the Oaxel, ijum
NMW Dornou.

Kitnitiu, a ftronff town of Pol ind, in
the palatinate of Kiof. ttated ne^r the
Dnieper. 4s m » by k Kiof, and lOo Nl
Uraclaw.

h,i»i/ca, a ftroiig town of Lower
Hungary, c.ip'iai of the county of Sala-
war. It is fiated on the Dravc, 100 m
s by K Vienna. Lun. 17 40 k. lat. 46

l\.itn-teheou, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in tlio province of Kiong-fl.
It« dillridt contains 1 % cities of the third
clafs ; and the foil produces a great
number of trees, from which diniU a
fine varnilh, reckon" 1 the beft in China.
It is featcd on the K m-kiang, 840 m •
Peking. Lon. iis ) e, lat. 15 52 N.

Kao-tclieout a city of China, of the
firft rank, in the province of Quang-
tong. In the vicinitjr is found a kind of
marble, that repreleuts, naturally, ri«
vers, mountains, landfcapes, and trees:
it is cut into leaves, and made into
tables, &c. Kao-tcheou ftaiuls on a
navigable river, 3^1 m from the fea, and
iijo ssw Peking. Lon. 145 36 e, lat.

21 40 N.

Ktipojhvar, a fort of Lower Hungary,
on the river ICapos, which wafhcs its
walls. It is 55 m w Tolna. Lon. iS
15 K, lat. 46 3,1 N.

Karahijjar ; fee Aphiom.

luirajuhnzar, a town of Crimea,
which has an ancient manufadlureof iea-
t' "r from the Ikins of Tauric goats, and
a tiade in pot'ery, hardware. Ii)ap, and
cjndles. It is lituate on the Karaiu, in
a delightful valley. 34 m w CafTa.

Kareit or GarnJd, an ifland in the ne
part of the gulf of Pcrfia, 5 m lon^ and
2 hroid, where Ihips bound for BafTora
g<nerally call for pilots. Lon. 50 a6 K,
lat. 29 15 N

iiarleby., GaWti.afeaport of Sweden,
in ii Bothnia, wiih a trade in hemp,
fait, and Ihip-buildiiii,' ; lirated on the
gulf of Bothnia, near the influx of the
river Karlcby, go m n by k Chrifline-
ftadt. Lon. :: 20 e, lat. 63 56 n.

Karleby, Ny, a town of Sweden, in E
Bothnia, on the river Lappojock, 6 m
from the fea, and ao «• Gamla Karleby.

Karsy a fortified town of Turkiih Ar<

1 H

K A If

menia, r«p'l«l of • dlAii^t govf rn#tj by
• pMvha li hai th* 1\mh iAdW in At-
initiM, amtt^c Mtbihiuniiarr clilm«lcU
at (Otoo*. it i* Uluutr on tlir Arpot*
chm I) ) ni w tiy N Ktivani and tog
BN» Krxrriim. Lon 4tjfiR,l4f 40151*.
h'tt/iiM, A coimiry iti tlv Hiifn.iM rm-

riirc, lying on holli iKIci of thv VDIka.
t W.111 formerly un imlrpf-iuli iit kiii);-
(li'tn, l>«-loiiKinK 10 ilx- K4lnuici. to
%» hoin thr tlukei of M'Tcow, with oiher

fictty pritu'ipi)litir« of Unni.it wm- Iri*
Hilary, iiiit. in i.';5i, Ivan lUn'ilowitx
II con(|urrril K.if.in, which n<iw forma
the thru Kudiin govrrnmcnta of KaAin,
Sinihiilli, aiid Fen/:i

h'tt/tiH. a city of Kutrii, capital of a
fovrtiiinrnt of the I inu' nuniei aiut an
archbilhop'* fee. It hun a Arung (\oni*
tort. Ii'vi'i.il churchet, almoil .ill of tht-m
built with Hone, .iml 1 1 convent* ( ;4n(l
there aie <'iv. ral fuhurbii, one of them
lnhal)ilt(l l»y 'rartaro. At one »*tul of
the city in •< manufa^ure of ':!oth for
thr ;trtny It it fe.itcil on the rivuirt
Knf.uik.i, whrrr it cnt<'rs the Volgii 4:0
m R Molcow. Lon.49 8 K, IaI. jj 44 N.
KaJiiHAaia,it town of th«' Don CofTacH,
and Uh' fiill in their tr-rritory on tin- en-
trance from Hnflia. Ita neat and nume-
rous wooden huufei extend along the
b.mlc of the Don, ar.d in the centre it a
lar^re church with (cvcral domci. The
fliops arc fupplied with ft. vcrul articles
of luxury, and caravans arc conftatitly
crofllnn ihf river. It ii 180 m hsk Vo-
rontiz, and 190 nnw Tfcht-rlialk- Lon,
41 10 t, lat. 49 44 N.

Kataba, a town of Arabi;i, in Yemen,
with a citadel ; fituate in a fertile coun-
try, near a river which runs into the fea
at Aden, 75 n\ h Aden. Lon. 44 39
E,lat. 13 54 N. , , ,. .

Katif, a tnwn of Arabia, in the pro-
vince of Bahrin. It is built of rock fait,
and Hands on the i;ulf of Parta,95 m n
Lachla. Lon. 48 .'8 k, lat. 17 40 n.

Knufbeurttu u to*n of Suabia, in the
territory of Kcmptcn, (tatcd on the
Wiitlach, 10 m ssw Anglburg.

Kaujfa, the capital of a kingdom of
the fame n.imi*, in ti.e tirpirc of Hor-
nou. It is ieatid on a large lake, 2K0
m s by K Bornou. Lon. 23 30 n, lat.

15 50 N.

kauiebaii, a town of Arabia, in Ye-
men, fitnate on a mountain, almoft in-
accefliblc, 20 m w Sana.

Kaunitz, a 'town and caftle of Mo-
ravia, htuatc oti a mountain, on the
river Igla, ii m ssw Biinn

Kaurzim, a town of Bohemia, ca-
pital of a circle of the fame name,
livhich pro-lucet much tiniber. It Hands

K F. F

on i river thai rum into the Elbr, 16 m
a»B Prai;up.

Kau :.i/-o««, A town of PcrAi, in Far.
nOan, lit jr which are grovct of (imnge*
trrct, whence the l)eca cull a cdvbraird
hooey. Fourteen m to the nw .ire th«
extciiAve ruins of the city of Shspour.
Kauxiroon is 60 m w .Shirai.

Huj/f IjhtHii, un i(l4ii(l in the I'jciRc
ocran, iirar tin- w coaft of N America,
.'^o in lonjt ami 4 broad, difc^fnrd by
Cook in 177H. The Nk point is a
naked ruck, confidrr.ibly elevated ( and
the other parta of It abound in fmall
valleys, HIIrd with piiie-irer«, but of no
extraordinary growth. Lon. 144 4II w,
lat. <<; s6 N.

Kti^f/irr/h/t/ft a town of France, in
the dcpartnii nt of Upper Rhine, j m
WW Col mar

Kaifjir/tth, a town of France, in the
dep.irtment of Khiiic and Molrlle, late*
ly of Germany, in the elc(ilorate of
Treves, 11 ni w Coblent/.

Kajjirrjlautrrn, a town of France, in
the dep irtmrnt of Mont Tonnerc, late-
ly of Gfrmany, in the palatinate of the
Rhine In 179.), it was taken by the
French, who, the year following, were
fiirprifed in their intrrnchmenta near
it, liy the Auflrians, and defe.itcd ■ It U
feated on the Lauter, 28 in sw Worm J.
Lon. 7 .^o K, lat. 49 7^ N.

h'ayjerjlu/'/, ^town of SwiflTcrland, in
the county of Baden, with a cullle, fe.ti-
ed on th( Rhine, 8 m sk Ziirzach.

Kayferlhuert, a town of Germany, in
the late electorate of Cologne, leatcd on
the Rhine, 7 m nnw Dulfcldorf.

Kazimiers, a tow ii of Poland, in the
palatinate of Lublin, with a cattle, litu-
ate on a hill, by the Viflula, jo m wsw
Lublin.

Kazrcon, A town of Portia, in Farfi-
flan,ofcun(iderablc extent, but the walls
and many part.s uf it are in ruins. It is
70 m wssv Shiras.

Kebban, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
Diarbck, with rich mines of copper and
niver. It is (eated at the jundion of
the two branclu-H of the Euphr.itcs, 100
m Nw Diarbckir. Lon- 38 40 t, lat.
.38 45 N.

■•ifrfioi '^c Cac/ino-

Kedlfllon, a village in Derbyihire, 3 m
NNW Derby; noted for its medicinal
(pring, much reforted to in fummer, and
for the inoft elegant (eat of the earl of
Scarfdalc-

Keenty a town of New Hampfliire, in
Chefliire county, 45 m s by E Charlefton,
and 95 w by s Portfmouth.

Keffy or Ktfftiy a town of the king-
dom of Tunis, with a citadel } lituatc

K V. M

on the I1(1« of « hkll, with a plentiful
foMrrr nl wttrr, 70 tn w«w Tunl«.

^'//k/. « villi«v;*' «>l AHutic Turkrv, In
Ink, 14 m* II •ll»'h I c<lcbrA>rtJ tor the
tomh it> ihr prophet Ri«*klrli which li
inntiiMf viU'idtky A iiiiml>«r of .|nw«.

AT/A/, t firing fi»rtrf(« of Su.«bl.i, fi'at-
Cii on the Khiiie, ovrr which iiittituiKe
to 8lr«fl)urg | AnA lo th4t city, when »n
ImprrijI oni, it brtongcd ftome of the
nnrient foitlAcation* ^r** In riiinn, but
It ii ftill 4U Important \)\(n brtw^m
FnnCi' und (Icrmaiiy It wdi t4licn by
the French in June I79^; ri'takrn by the
Aunrlann on Rrpt«Mn>>rr iH lollowing |
but thr Frrncli rrg iin> <l poUVllion ot it
the rjmi* (t.iy. In iHoH it wan tram-
ferret! l" Franci*.

Kf/i fee KiJiff.

Kfiffi/ry, • town In W Yorkftilrc,
witti a in.irki't 01 Wcilnrl'day, .tu| ma-
nuf'i^lurei nf wimllen cloth*, cottoni,
and liiidfey*; fiMted near the rivfr Aire,
iini N Halifax, :ind >o6 n by w London.

hfith, .1 t«iwn of Siotliiiil, ill \\.v\fY-
ftiirr, with nuniil i^ttiren of M.<x ( tcaicd
on the in I, which a littl** briow formi
a flni* cd'cxdi', c.illed tht- Linn of K' ith.
Jt ii la m axw Cullen,and 41 nw Atxr-
deen.

Kelhra. a town of Upper Sixony, in
Thiiringia, near titc river llt-lm, 10 m s
Stolbt-rg.

Kelhiim, a town and Ciiftle of Hnva-
ria, witti a Fr.incifcan convent, .1 c>inn>
derabit brewery, and exi« tiflve m.ig,i-
zinrit of fait; (ituat** at ihc conflux of
the AUmuhl and Danube, 10 m h9W
Katifbon

AW//, a borough of Ireland, in Moath,
on the river Hlackwai«T, la m N by w
Trim.

Kelfot a town of Scotland, in Ilex-
burgltire, with A bridge ovfr the Tweed,
immedinti'ly below the influx of the Te-
yiot. The abbey, magnificent ruins of
which ftill remain, wan founded by
David I. Near it is Fleura, the noble
pal.ice of the duke of Koxburg; and,
on an eminence, the ruin of Roxburg
caftie- Kelfo has manufadluren of car-

feting, flannels, leather, linen, and Ihoes.
t is 10 m NNE .ledburg, and 42 SE
Edinbnrg. Lon. i 29 w, Tat. 55 ^j a-

Kelvah, or Kfiat, a town of Pcrfia,
in Mekian, and the chiif place of ti.e
Balouches. It is lurroundcd by a low
mud wall, and the palace of the khan
ftandH on a very high hill> The bazar is
wellfupplied.anditcnjoysaconriderablc
trade. It is ieated on the Nchink, 350
jm Nfc Kidgc. Lon. 65 57 w, lat. 19 6 n.

Kemi, or Kienti ; fee Kimi,

Jsnnmoo, a town of Negroland, capi-

K EN

t«l of a country l)|nM !• th# w of Rim*
bar*. It is 140 m w s<gi». Lon j 46 ^,
lat. 14 15 "•

h'fmMt, I town of Ihr piit4lliiiti> of
Buiria, 15m B»a llayrwulh, and a6 K
Aml^rg.

KrmHtH, a town ><f 9uihi4. with a
l-ite priiiclir altliry of the ttrnrt|tClin«
order. It has « grmt 'rade In lincnt
and U fcatrd on the lller. 4 j m s by w
Au^lburg

KiH, A river in Wrrtmorland, which
How* bv Krtuhl, 4nd enters ihe fjiidy
walh (It Lancafhire, callrti Morcimbc
Bay. It Has a catar^A n^^r it* mouth,
which ubdriK'ls the navigation.

AV«». a river ofScij-luul, which rifei
in the Nwp.irt of Kirktuitbrighifhire,
flows to New Clallowiy. iluncc ex*
nandi* into a l.ikr, 4 m long and a mile
broiid, ami then Joini the river Dee.

KttidaU a town ol WeftmcirLintl, go*
verned by a m.iyor, with a m.irkct on
Saturday. It is ieated on ihc Ken, over
which Are two (tone bridges, and one of
wood leading to the caOle, which is
now in rums It hat a fpaciout chnrcht
and a rree(<:hool •■mlowed with lome
exhibitions to Queens college in Ok«
ford. Here are manufadure* of coarfe
woollen, woven and knit (tockingi, cot-
tons, leather, fifti-hooks, wool-cardn,
and gunpowder. It bus feveii tr.iding
coinpanicf, who have each .1 hall { and
its trade is very cortHJernble, notwith«
(landiitg the difadvantugc of its river
for water carriage. The number of in<
hibitants w.is 68<;a in 1801, und 750$ in
i4ii. It is 46 m !• Carlide, and 263
MN w London. Lon. 2 5a w, lat. 54 t j n.

Ktne, or i'ttttna, a town of Egypt,
with a mnnufaifture of black earthen-
ware. The carav.ins aflcmblc here in
their Journey to Cofcir. It is fcaicd on
the Nile, 280 m s Cairo. Lon. 32 a e,
lat. 26 a N.

Kengii, a village of Sweden, in W
Bothnia, noted for a confiderable iron
forge, and the lad to the north ; iVatcd
on the Tornea, a little above the influx
of the Muonio, 90 m N by w Tornea.

KfnUivort/i, a town in Warwickfhire,
with a market on Wednciday. Here
was a famous callle, the remains of
which form one of the moll piolorefquc
objects in the kingdom. It in 5 m n
Was wick, and 95 NW I^ondon.

Kettmare, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Kerry, at the head of a river
or bay of the lame name, a8 ni ssk Tra-
lee, and 46 w Cork.

Aif«mofr, a town of Scotland, in Pcrth-
fhire, on an ifthmus at the r end of Loch
Tay, with an clegatit bridge over the

//

I, ill

'Mi

KEN
river Tay. Near a n\ to the ne is Tay-
inouth, the principal icat of the earl of
Brt'dalbant, ccl«'brat»'d by Uiirns, the
poet. Kt'nmore is sy m nw Perth, and
36 N Stirling.

Kennebfc, a river of MafTachiifets, in
the diftridl of Maine, which enters the
Atlantic ocean, between the biys of
Cafco and Pinoblcot. The head of its
navigable waters is a hafin, 46 nj from
the fea, very commodious for the an-
choring of vefT'lfl.

Kennet, a river of Enj^land, which
rifeB among thtj chalky hills in Wilt-
Ihire, and flowg tp Newbury, in Berk-
(hire, where it l)ecome8 navigable : it Is
then aufjmented by the Lamborn, and
runs to Reading, below which it enters
the Thames. From this river, at New-
bury, is a canal to the Avon, at IJath.

Ken/tnston^ a village in Middlefex,
a mile w Londcn. Here is a royal pa-
lace, formerly a feat of lord chancellor
Finch, and purchafed of that nobleman
by William 1 1 1 . The gardens have fince
been conliderably augmented, by upward
of 350 acres taken from Hyde park, and
are now a fnfliionable promenade.

Kentt a connty of England, bounded
on the N by the Thames and the Ger-
man ocean, e by the fame ocean, se and
8 by the Knglifli channel and SufTcx, and
■w by Surry. It is 58 m long and 36
broad, containing 9.55,680 acres ; is di-
vided into five lathes, fubdivided into 63
hundred):, and ^r^ parifhes ; has two
cities and 28 market-towns ; and fends
18 members to parliament. The num-
ber of inhabitants was 307.624 in 1801,
and .';7.i,o95 in 181 «. In the foil and
face of the country there is a great di-
verlity. The banks of the Thames
are low and marfliy, but backed by a
range of chalky enriinences, romtiimts
rifing to a modtrjite height. This kind
of hard chalky foil, inclining to barren-
nefs, cxtinds to the ne txtrtmity of the
county, anri thence round to Dover,
exhibiting its nature in the lotty white
cliffs, wi)ich lure bound the ifland,
and produce that ftriking appearance
at Tea which gave it the name o( Albion.
The 8 p^rt of Kent, called the Weald,
is a flut and woody tradt, of a clayey
fcil, and fertile. The midland and
weftern diftrids are a mixture of hill
and dale, arable and paflure, equal in
pleafantULfs to any part of England.
This county produces, befide the ufual
objefts of agriculture, large quantities
of hops ; fruit of various kinds, efpe-
cially cherries and apples, for the Lon-
don markets; madder for dying : tim-
ber in tLe woody parts ; and bircli twigs

KEN

for brooms, which form no incorfider-
able article of trade for the metropolis.
'J"he country inland from Dov>.r, con-
fifting chit-fly of open downs, is excel-
lent for the feeding of flieep ; and many
af fattened to an extraordinary fize in
Romney matfli. The principal rivers,
befidc the Thames, are the Medway,
Darent, Stoiir, Cray, and Rothcr. The
cities of Kent are Canterbury and Ro-
chefter, but Maidllone is the county-
town.

Kentatffe, a ridge of mountains, in
the s pait of Tibet, bordering on Hin-
doodan. On the w fide of this ridge
are the two heads of the Ganges, and
from its v. fide ilTiies the Burrampooter.
Kentucky, one of the United States of
America, 350 m long and fnmi 30 to
190 broad ; bounded on the n by Oh^o»
K by Virginia, s by Tenneflee, and w
by the rivers Mifljflippi and Ohio. It
is divided into fourteen counties, Lin^
coin, Fayette, Bourbon, Mercer, Jef-
ferfon, Nclfon, Maddifon, Woodford,
Mal()n, Wafliington, Clark, Scott, Lo-
gan, and Franklin. The other prin-
cipal rivers are the Kentucky, Licking*
Green, Cumberland, and Great Ken-
haway, which all flow into the Ohio.
The foil is amazingly fertile in the
centr'l part; to the e and w it is
mountainous, and the s is principally
compofed ofthe Barrens, a fterile coun-
try deftitute of water. Tobacco, hemp,
cc^ton, and the different grains of Eu-
rope, but particularly maize and wheat,
are cultivated. The country, in general,
may be confidered as well timbered, pro-
ducing large trees of many kinds: thofe
peculiar to it are the fugar-tree, which
grows in great plenty, and furnifiies
exct llent fugar ; and the honey locuft,
which is furrounded by large thorny
fpikes, bearing hroad and long pods in
form of peas, has a fweet tafte, and
makes excellent beer. Here are alfo the
coffee-tiee, papwa, cucumber, black
mulberry, wild cherry, buck-eye, and
Ibme other kinds of trees not common
elfewhere. There is plenty of fine
cane, on which the cattle feed ; and
where no cane grows, there is abund-
ance of wild rye, clover, and buffalo-
grafs. The mountainous parts pro-
duce a great quantity of ginl'^ng- Iron
ore and lead are found in abundance ;
and there are many large caves, fome of
which extend above a mile under a
limeftone rock, fuppo;tcd by curious
arches and pillars. The waters pro-
duce plenty of fifh and fowl ; and ef-
pecially on the Ohio, the geefe and
ducks are amazingly numerous. The

K E R

land fowls are tm kii-f ; a fpecies of

J'roule, which the inhabitaiitscall phea-
arits ; and ciunilri, to which they give
the name ot partridfrcs. Serpents are
not numerous, and fiich as are to be
found in other parts of the continent,
except the bulli the horned, and the
mockafun Ihakes. Among the native
animals are dcers* bears, wild cats,
wolves, beavers, otti "s, foxes, rabbits,
fqnirrels, racoons, and v^ponTiims Molt
of the fpecies of the doneftic quadru-
peds have been introdu>'ed fiiice the
lettlements, fuch as horfcs, cows, Iheep,
and hogp. In iBiothe number of in-
habitantr was 406,5 1 1 • Frankfort is the
capital.

Kentucky^ a river in the (late of its
name, which rifes in the Laurel moun-
tains, and after a general nw courfe of
aoo m, enters the Ohio in lat. 3H 20 n.
It is navigable 150 m- Its banks may
rather be called precipices, for, almoft
every where, they conlift of 300 or 400
feet of Iblid perpendicular limeftone
rock ; in fome parts of a fine white
marble, curioudy arched, pillared, or
blocked up into fine building Aones.

Kentzinjfen, a town of Suabia, in
Brilgau, on the river Elz, 13 m nnw
Friburg.

Kerbela ; fee Mefched Hojfein.

Kercolang, an ifland in the Indian
ocean, about 80 m in circuit. The
face of the country feems to be fteep
hills and extenfive valleys, and every
part to be covered with trees and ver-
dure, with fome pleafant cultivated
grounds. The inhabitants are Malays.
Lon. 126 30 K, lat. 4 28 N.

KergueUn Land, an ill and in the
Southernocean,vifitedbyCook,ini776.
For its fterility, it might properly have
been called the Illand of Defblation ;
but Cook was unwilling to r'<b Ker-
guclen of the honour of its b.aring his
name. On the n e coalt is a good and
fafe bay, named Chriftmas Harbour.
Lon- 69 4 E, lat. 48 41 s.

Kerkeni; fee Querquinu

Kerki/ta, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
Diarbeki, at the conflux of the Kha-
bour with the Euphrates, 90 m be Rac-
ca, and 105 nw Anah.

Kerkoukt a city of Kurdiftan, the ca-
pital of a diftridt and refidence of a
pacha. It is furrounded by a mud wall,
and on an eminence that is nearly per-
pendicular on all fides, below which is an
extenfive fuburb. The country around
is hilly ; and in a pafs through a range
of rocky mountains, on the n, are a
number of fprings that produce an inex-
kauftible Aipply of naphtha. It is 135

KES

m ssE Betlii. Lon. 44 5R b, lat. 35

29 N.

Kerman, a province of i'erlla. bound-
ed on the "V by Chorafan, n k by St-giftan,
8K by Mekran, and w by the Itrait of
Ormus, Larillan, and Ftrfillan. The
northern p,\rt is clclblate and barren, but
toward the fouih the land is fertile.
Many Iheep are bred here, and the in-
habitants drive a great trade in their
wool.

Kerman, or S'lrf^an, a city of Perfia,
capital ot the province of Kerman. It
was plundered and deltroyed in ihe civil
wars, in 1794; and the prefent fortifi-
cations enclofe but a fmall portion of
the ancient city, which is in a moft ruin-
ous ftate. It is celebrated for its beau-
tiful ihawls, carpets, and (luffs; and
(lands on the w fide of an extenfive
plain, 180 m nne Gombron. Lon. 56
45 B, lat. 29 30 K.

Kerpen, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the duchy of Juliers. It has a colle-
giate church, and is fcated on the Hrfty
14 m SSE Juliers.

Kerry, a county of Ireland, in the
province of Munfter, 57 m long and 45
broad ; bounded on the e by the coun-
ties of Limerick and Cork, w by the
Atlantic ocean, n by the Shannon, which
feparates it from Thomond, and s by
DeCmond and the ocean. It is divided
into 84 pari(hes, cohtains about 107,000
inhabitants, and fends four members to
parliament. The fouthern part is plain»
and fertile in corn ; but the greater part
is mountainous, and chiefly adapted (or
grazing. Confiderable quantities of
beef, butter, hides, and tallow, are ex-
ported from its excellent harbours.
Tralee is the capital.

Kertch, a feaport of Crimea, on the
(Irait of Taman, and on the fite of the
ancient Panticapeum. It wa» formerly
of great importance, but the Ru(fians
have lately reduced it to extreme inflg-
nificance ; yet its ruins, and the many
antiquities in its vicinity, itill make it
interefting. Within the fortrefs, now a
ruin, (lands the church, eredled in the
year 757. It is 7 m w by s Yenikale,
and 12 NW Taman.

Kefchim, a feaport of Arabia Felix,
in Hadramaut, 80 m e Shibam. Lon.
50 50 E, lat. 15 35 N.

Ke/i, or Sebz, a town of Ufbec Tar-
tary, in Bokharia, once the ordinary
fummer refidence of Timur, who fur-
rounde'' it with walls, and built a new
palac. m 1379. It is 35 m s by w Sa-
marcand.

Kejil, a town of the Netherlands, in

li?S

KHO

llic Inte PrufTun Gflderland, with a
haiullnmc caftle, fcat«"d on the M icfe, 7
m N Ruitmondf.

Keffeldorf, a village of Upper Saxony,
7 m w Du'lUen, wh<re a vidlory was
fjaincd liy the king of Pruflia over the
8axunh in xjaS'

Kfjhvicfi, a town in Cumberland, with
a maikit «n Saturday ; (iated in a vale
of its nami*, near thr rapid lifer Greeta.
This vail- is much viiited by the <id-
n^inTs of naitiie: iiere is tlie lake of
Ktfwick, or Derwint- water ; and to
the N of this Ibars ihe lofty mountain
Skiddaw, one o! the mod didinguiihed
ill Enj^laiid. Kefwick has manufaiftureB
of rtufi":*, (lanntls, &c. It is 25 m nw
Kendal, and 291 nnw London.

Keiterinc;, a town in Northampton-
ihire, witli a market on Friday, and
mniufadlun'-- of tammies, fergos, lall-
inp«, bic. Il i.' li m NE Northampton,
and 74 Kw L' .Jon.

KtiiJ'chbtr^., or Kinde, a town of Upper
Saxony, in Milhia, 6 m r,E Merfbiirg.

Ker^vt a village in Surry, 7 m w by s
London. Here is a royal palace, built
bv his prefcnt majefty ; and a ftone
I' dge over the Thames, to Brentford.

Kexholnu the eallern part of Finland,
belonging partly to the Swedes, and
partly to the Rufllans. See IViburg.

Kcxholm, a town of Rnffia, in the
government of Wibuig, ieated on two
iflands in the river Woxon, which here
flows into Lake Ladoga. The houfes
are built of wood, but it is well fortified,
and has a Ato.ig caftle. It is 60 m ne
Wibnrg, and 67 n Peterlburg. Lon.
30 35 E, lat. 6i 3 N. ^

Ke)>i/ham, a town in Somerfetftiire,
with a maiket on Thurfday, and a trade
in malt ; ieated on the Chew, at Its
conflux wl'Ji the Avon, 5 m se Briftol,
and 1 14 w London.

Kki-va, the capital of the country of
Charafm. It has a ftrong wall of earth,
with three gates, turrets at fmall dif-
tances, and a broad ditch full of water.
The houfes are low, moftly built with
mud, the roofs flat, and covered with
earth. It ftands on a riling ground,
amid fertile plains, aio m nw Bokhara.
Lon. 59 ao w, Int. 40 56 n.

Khoiy a town of Perlia, in Aderbijan,
furrounded by a wall, with toweru that
prefent a triangular front. It has ao
mofqueSy^and .about 50,000 inhabitants,
of which the greater part are A'-menians.
It ftands in a rich and beauutul plain,
near the river Otour, 85 m wnw Ta-
briz. Lon. 45 la E, lat. 38 30 n.

Khonjar, a town of Perfia, in Irak,
fitaate m a moft fruitful valley, between

KIA

two ranges of rocky hills, 80 m mw IC-
pahan.

KhorretMubad ; fet Korumabad.
K/wtvar, a town of Perfia, in Irak,
ft'attd in a pals of the Albores moun-
tains, called the Strait of Khowar, 60 m
SE Teheran.
Khuw I fee Kont.

Kia-iin/f, a city of China, of the firft
r.ink, in the province of Tche-kiang.
TIte ftreetb have beautiful piazzas to
fhflter piflengersfrom the fun and rain ;
and there is fcarcely a houfe where they
do not breed filkworms. There are
many triumphal arches both in the city
and fnburbH; and feveral marble towers
on the fides of a canal to the w of the
city. It is s()o m asb: Peking. Lon. lao
14 K, lat. 30 50 N

Kiaktot a town of Siberia, in the go-
vernment of Irkutflc, on the borders of
Cliinefe Tart iry. It has a confiderable
fur trade, and is the mart of the Ruflian
and Chineie commerce. It ftands on a
fmall river, near its conflux with the
Sclenga, 75 m .ssw Selenginlk. Lon.
106 30 E, lat. 50 ao N.

Kiangarij a town of Afiatic Turkey,
in Natolia, chief place of a q.angiacat,
with a caftle on a rock. It is ■.,30 m e
Burfa. Lon.34 47 E, Irt. 39 .56 N.

Kiaag-nati, a province of ChinaV
bounded on the w by Ho-nan and Hou- ^
quang, s by Tche-kiang and Kiang fi, f *
by the gulf of Nan-king, and n bf
Chan-tong. It is of vaft extent, and
contains 14 cities of the firft rank, aiid
93 of the fecond and third, which are
very populous, and of the greateft note
for trade in the empire. It is full of
lakes, rivers, and canals ; and its filks,
cottons, japanned goods, and paper, are
in high efteem. Nan- king is the capital
Kiang-nin ; fee Nan-king.
Kiang-Jii a province of China, bound-
ed on the N by Kiang- nan, w by Hou-
quang, s by Quang- tong, and e by Fo-
kien and Tche-kiang. The n part con-
tains the great Po yang lake, and fome
extenfive morafles; the middle and s
parts abound in mountains, but there
are fine valleys among them. It con-
tains 13 cities of the firft rank, and ;8
of the 'fecond and third. The arrack
in this province is^ excellent ; and its
porcelain Is the fineft and moft valuable
in the empire. Nan-tchang isthecapital.
Kian-kut the largeft river of Afia It
rifes on the n borders of Tibet, fluwa
E to the confines of Tartary, then 8
through Lover Hbet into China, erter-
ing the province of Yunnan, where it
turns to the e, and crofling the pro-
vinces of Se-tchuen, Hou-quang, and

i

K 1 E

Kling-nan, enters the Eallern ocean,
oppoHtcthe Uland of Tfong-miiif?, after
a couife of about 2200 111. Near its
fourcL* it is called, by the Eleuths, Por-
ticho or Putchow. At ihe place where

KIL

fword. It wjs altfrw.ird re-eftal)l!(hed,
by the Tartars, and in a place ol con-
fult-ralile trade. It ftaiuls on the river
Min-ho, 260 m SE Nan-king. Lun. 1 17
a H , lat. ^^ 5 v.

the Kian-ku bends to the s, it is on the Kien-tch^Ag, a city of C.iina, of the

jppolite fide of the mountains which
(live rife to the Iloanho; and thefetwo
great rivers afterward part to the dil-
tance of ai)ove 1000 m, yet finally dif-
charge themfelves into the lame lea
at about the dillance of 100 m from
each other.

Kibur<^, a town of SwifTeriand, in the
canton of Zurich, with a caflle, feated
on the TheolF, 14 m ene Zurich.

KidderminjUri a corporate town in
Worcefterlhire, with ,1 market on Thurf-
day. It is thcfirft marl in England for
brtiutifnl carpets, and has alfo manu-
ladurcs of poplins, crapes, bombazeeii 8,
&c. The nuiTtber of inhabitants was"
fiiioin 1801, and 803K in 1811. The
StaflTordfhire and Worcefterlhire canal
pafles this place. It is I'eated on the
Stour, 1 4 m s E Bridgenorth, and i s6 n w
London.

Kidge, or Kej, a city of Perfia, capital
of the province of Mekran. The fort
Hands on a high precipice, on the right
bank of the Nehink, and is furrounded
by the town. The country in its vici-
nity is flat, and produces great quan-
tities of dates. It is 3 20 m sE Kerman.
Lon. 60 55 E, lat. %6 is m-

Kidwelyy a town of VValeB, in Car-
marthenfhire, governed by a mayor,
with a market on Tuefday. It ftands on
a creek of the briftol channel, and has a
canal to fotne collieries, whence coal is
brought and exported. Here alfo is an
iron foundery, and a tin mill. On the
oppofite bank of the creek, where the
old town formerly ftood, are the remains
of a caiUe- It is 8 m s Carmarthen, and
326 w by N London.
Kief; keKiof.

Kiel, a ftrong town of Lower Saxony,
in Holftein, with a caftle and a univer-
fity. It ftands on a peninfula, in a bay
of the Baltic, and has a comipodious
harbour for Ihips of the largeft fize. It
is (jne of the moft commercial places in
Holftein ; and its trade is augmented by
meiTis of the Eyder canal, to Rendl-
I butt. Kielis 37m NwLubec,and46 Nby
I E llamburg. Lon. 10 16 e, lat.54 ai n.
fSen-ning, a city of China, of the
fir(t»rank, in the province of Fo-kien.
At the time of the conqueft of China
by the Tartars, it fuftained two ficgea,
in the laft of which it was taken, and
all the inhaiiitants were put to the

\

\

firft rani:, in the province ot Kiang-fi.
It is feated in a fertile country, 34 j m
ssw Nan-king. Lon. u6 35 k, lat.
=7 3,5 N.

KU'ou-kiang, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in the ptovince of Kiang-fi,
fituate on the Kiankii, immediately
above the influx of the Poyang-hott. It
is the rendezvous of all the barks that
pafs to and from other places in this
province, and the provinces of Kiang-
nan and Ilou-quang. It is 250 m .sw
Nan-king. Lon. ij6o k, lat. 29 54 u.
Kilbarclmn, a village of Scotland, on
the w fide of Locli VVinnoch, 5 m sw
Renfrew. It is a manufaiftnring place,
and has extenfive bleach-fields.

Kilbeggan, a borough of Ireland, in
W Meath, feated on the iJolha, 14 m
E Athlone, and 4a w Dublin.

Kilbride, a tuwn of Scotland, in La-
narkftiire, noted for its cotton manu-
fadtures, and for being the birthplace of
Dr. William Himtcr and his brother
John, two celebrated anatomifts. It is
6 m 8 by E Glafgow.

Kilcalnionil, a town of Scotland, in
Argylelhire, aird in the peninfula of
Cantyre, 17 m n Campbelton.

Ktlcock, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Kildare, on the river Black-
water, 17 m w by N Dublin.

Kilctol, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Wicklow, near which is the
celebrated lait-marfti of Cooldrofs. It
is ieated near the fea, 18 m sse Dublin.
Kilcu/lcfi-Aridge, a town of Ireland, in
the county of Kildare, on the river Lif-
fey. A mile to the s is the village of
Kilcullen, anciently a walled town Kith
feven gates, one of which yet remains,
and fome other antiquities. It is 26 m
sw Dublin.

Kilda, St. an ifland of Scotland, one*
of the Hebrides, a8 m to the w of N
Uift. It is 3 m long and a broad, fenced
about with one continued perpendicular
face of rock, of prodigious. height, ex-
cept at the landing-place, on the se,
where there is a narrow and fteep paf-
fage to a village on the top of the rock.
The furface of the ifland is hilly ; but it
feeds many fheep, and produces barley
and potatoes. The inhabitants live
chiefly by fiftiing, and catching wild
fowls. In the latter employment, they
are let down by a rope from the fummit

lU.

>•'' ,

•'*

'■i-

( t

©fthe precipitous rocks an^ ♦!, ,
bcr along tl c-ir frnnV, ■ r "«"clam.

t>''"-''ff; bo„n(k.,i o' ,1 ^ '""«•••"•» 2o

t>yCatherIo,Jh/jXf,.7f''i'!. amis
PaH/hca, contnins about ^ * '"'u" .'°°
meiit. The Drinrin ,'"^"''"^''* 'o parlfa-

heMa,tcrnat:,r.Tyth';''V-at*'''^^^

on the cSach a fin '."^'f"* horferaces
taining near Sn f "^ '"^^^ P''""". con-

^reatSe °o7Cr'rT"'' '*^^^'' «
co^Sir^S^^'T^^th^

ftated near he T?vlV" ^'n'"- ^^ i^

an^a;tt^Vardif,^'^"''-'-'th
and zoo N London y' ' "" ^""^ ^""'^^

niouth of theDanubl T^" '"'"^ '^ '^^
the Ruffians in ,1k '* '^'" ^^^^^^ by

^t IS divided into 127 DarifK« • '

about 100,000 infiahS "' contains
three members t;"pa^^S, ^"^/^P^Js
"ce is in ppnf.r^i I 1 "*• The fur-

«w. Suir^iS "Sr^.""" '" "" Bar-

the Norr, over whTh ^' '•""•teor,

/•i/hN.w,;. rthritde"'o/r;" *'•"''«"''

joined I'.it.and hn.h .""^ """ »«

towns In IrelaiK It r"\ ^^"""crcial
b"l'op;^ndthecai .?/ ""'^'' ^'^d a

Oflbry. The H f '*" '''f biff, p „£

co.rfe wooMens a d fi '"""['^'"•^"^t.s are

'■•' the vicini ^are frl"*^ ^''"'*^"'« ^"d
^'•cJwhitemLb'K *'"''■'■'''''"'' f^'ack

ford, and 5T' w Dub „' ^°r"' ~ ^^^^r*

cou1;;^':v\&'an1 '"i'^;;.^' ■" *»'•

"-ted%vith A^;;'^ ^^.'"'OP'^ fee

ftrves for the oar ff^ -h- u ^•'^^^^^^^l

Pn « fi.ie bay of ,e M^'J"- '' ^^"ds

" «'•''-« name' aVm n fe.'" ''!'''^
9 42 w. lat. 5^ 8 ; "^ ^aftlebar. Lon.

co^m^'of 2,rrind' 1"/?.'^' '■" '^«
united with K^fenoJa Th ^^^Pf ^«
Jhe only church:"" •is^tf;^''"'"
Shannon, over which is a hri . °" ">•
"NE Limerick "''^*"» '« «

the county of cZay i''"""'''' '"

cou'^t?oT^;;,;°^"'>fI'^Iand, in the

brated lake of the fem? "^'"" "" '^'''f-
TraJee. ^ '^'"^ n«™c» ^4 m ss

cou'ii^^'^'Kei''"^^''"^' '" the ,
^0"gh Lean frn2^% ?')'''-«"ft called
by hih mounfr'*''f^'."^^"™"nded
three partTSd^^ J/ '« divided into
and iTppe/ S "li^-^^er, Middle,

'ower lake! is 6 m 7^^ ""'t''""' «f i
S.V!'5«deofLTofe^:i^„.^road. I

On the fid; of one of ?£.'"^ ^ ^r^^''-
O'SulIivan'a r\r.A ^^^ mountains ii

70 feet wit'h'a t et'ent'^^ '^"^ «''-«
oppofitethsiM?-^^"^""/ '°^^'' and

c?i'tainfn;'';r ?ift":cts°''Tf '^''^"'
montory of MucVnT a ■J ,^ P^°-

from tiJe lower Ik; :;^h'''''""SP"

"•fo the upper lake tJ^ •" P"'""*^

called theEa.les-neft iif ^" ^ "'*'^'

wonderfulecbos Th *''' 'J'''''"*^"

tains^fefcend a nnmh ^'%"i ^"^^ ""»""■
cades • and «,! ^^^ ^^ ''^^^t'^"' ^af-
lake afford a ""'"^''""^ j«^nds in this
views The c.T'\\ ""^ pi«orefque
'nunicatef with ,;^ ^"'^' *^^*'^'' ^''^'n-
compar Sn with th.^'^^r' *' ^'"^" '"
Doau ot equal variety j but the

KIL

flioirs are Indented with bays, furrnund-
cd by d.»ik groves of trcts. The E
boundary is foitni'd by thi* b;ife of
M.iiigerton, down the fte^'pfideot'v.'t 'i
dilcends a cafciulc, vifible for 150 yards:
this fall ot water in fupplitd by ,1 lak<',
near the lununit of the mountain, called
the Dtvil's Panch>bowl-

A'il/tnaiii'c, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Tipperary, jom em- CaOiel.

hi//evun, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Monaghan, 8 m iw Mona-
ghan.

KiUhifjhy , a town of Conne(5ticnt, in
Windham county, fituite on the Qnina-
baug. i8 m NE Windham.

Jiillinjifiwortb, a town of Connt'dticut, quality.
* - - Ki/more, a town of Ireland, in

KIM

Kihnarnock, a t<iwn of Scotland, fn
Ayrfljirt', with mariuft(fture8 of carpets,
ferges, and other woollen goods, and a
trade in faddlery, leather, &c. Near it
are the remain-* of Dean calUe, the feat
of the earls of Kilmarnock, in the dcf'o-
late coi.dition Id which it was 1 educed
by fire in 1735. 'tis leated near the
Irviic, n m NNK Ayr, and 20 .saw
Glal'irow.

Kilmaun^ a town of Scotland, in
Ayrfhirt, with a ir.idc ia cutlery, am
Nw Kilmarnock.

Kilmeaden, a village of Ireland, on
the river Suir, 6 m w Watcrtord Here
is a celebrated Ipa, uf a chalybeate

m .Middlefcx county, feated on ilie
(Hammnna(n.t, on Long ifland found,
1 24 m E Ncwhaven.

Killony, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Sligo, 6 m s Siigo.

Killou^h, or Vort St- //«.*», a town
of Ireland, in the county of Dnwn, to
the M of St. Johns point, in the Irifh
ira. A rock fbands in the entrance of
its harbour, covered at half flood. Here
i> a nianuf«5lure of fait. It is 6 m sse
'Downpatrick.

the
county of Cavan, and, with .Armagh,
the fee of a bi(hop, '"'^o hris a palace
here ; but there is no cathedral. It is g
m sw Cavan.

Ki/rea, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Londonderry, on the river
Bann, z2 m k Londonderry.

Kilrenny, a borough of >'cotland, in
rii'cfhire, on the frith oi" Torlh, a m nb
Anftruther.

Kilrujhs a town of Ireland, in the

Ki'.ljbfgSy a borough and feaport of county of Clare, feated near the mouth
Ireland, in the county of Donegal, with of the Shannon, 25 m sw linnis.

ja (pacious harbour on the n fide of Do-
.'ncgal bay, 16 m w Donegal. Lon. 8 6

^\ lat.

54 40 N ,

KillyUaghy a borough of Ireland, in
the county of Down, with a linen and
thread manufadure. The celcbrattd
iii- Hans Sloane was born here. It is
iiatcd on an arm of Strangford lough,
7 m N by E Downpatrick.

Kilmacduagh^ a village of Ireland, in

KUfythi a town of Scotland, in Stir-
lingfhire. The vicinity abounds with
coal and iron-ftone ; of the latter
about 5000 tons are fent annually to
Carron. It is 15 m sw Stirling, and 15
NE Glafjjow.

Kilivimng, a town of Scotland, in
Ayrfl)ire. Here are the remains of a
magnificent monaftery ; and on the fite
.its church an elegant modern one tias

I the cdunty of Galway, but a bifliop's fee been built in a llyle to correfpond with
I united to Clonfert. The ruins of the '" " ' "'

cathedral, a monaftery, &c. denote the
former confcquence of this now wretch-
ed place. It is 3 m sw Gort (in which
is its parifli church) and 15 n Ennis.

KilmaSiliomaSf a town of Ireland, in
the county of Waterford, on the river
Mahon, 14 m wsw Waterford.

Kilma'mhamy a town of Ireland, in
a valley, about half a mile sw Dublin.
It has a fefiion-houfe, a gaol, a found-
ling hofpital, and a hofpital for invalid
foldiers. Here the knights for the coun-
ty of Dublin are eleded ; and it was
the feat of government, before the caf-
tie at Dublin was appropriated to that
purpofe.

Kilmallock, ?. borough of Ireland, in
the county of Limerick The ruins of
churches, monafteries, &c. deinote its
former fplt ndour ; but now it is a poor
place, 2o m 8 Limerick.

the venerable ruins. 'Ihe vicinity
abounds in lirneftone and coal. It is
feated near the Garnoch, 5 m nnw Ir-
vine

Kilivorth, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Cork, on the river Funchean,
»5 m NNE Cork.

Kimberivorth. a village in W York-
fhire, a m w Rotheiham, noted tor its
woollen and linen maniif (Jturcs.

Kimiolton, a town in Huntinsdon-
Ihire, with a market on Friday. Heie is
a taftlt, the feat of the duke of Man-
cherter, where queen C^ihirine, firft
wife to Henry vni, ditd tn 1535. It
is 8 m NW .St. Ntot, and 63 -^ by W
London.

Kimi, or Kiemi, a town of Sweden,
in E Bothnia, on a river of the fame
name, near its entrance into the gulf of
Bothnia, 10 m t Tornea.

Kimlajfaj a town cf Hinduoftan, in

r

.' I|

f:k

r 7 1 '■

>i I' f

wmi

"T

KI N
Mulwa, 40 m s Chdiidcr«'tf, and 185 en k
Ougfin.

Kimfiolunjr, a town of Europ«an
Turkey, iti Moldavia, on the river Mol-
dava, 91 m NP. Colofwar.

Kin, or h'iiin, a town of PtrfiH, in
Chorafan, lirii.itc at the footot a moun-
tain, 60 m ssw Herat.

Kinburn, a fortkcls of Ruflra. on the s
fide of the eftuary of the Diiitrpcr. It
has bien frequently attacked by th<;
Turks, by lind and tea, but without
fuccefs. It is 18 m ssn Oc/akof, on
the oppofite Ode of the Dnieper. Lou.
30 34 ••» l-it. 46 i« N.

hincanline, a town of Scotland, in
Perthfliire, in adiftri«5l aimolt furround-
cd by Clackmananfhire, with a commo-
dious harbour, and a g<iod road in the
frith of Forth. Shipbuilding is carried
on 10 a great extent, and the coafting
and foreign trade is confiderable. It is
a m SR Alloa, and as s by w Perth.

Kincardine, a town or Scotland, in
llorsfliire, with a fmall harbour, on the
frith of Dornoch, 14 m w by n Tain.

Kincardine Oneil, a town of Scot-
land, in Aberdccnlhire, on t! e river
Dee, 13 m w by 8 Aberdeen.

Kincardinejhire. or Mearm, a county
of Scotland, bounded on the nw and n
by Abtrdeenlhire, e by the German
ocean, and s and sw by Forfarfhire. It
extends 30 m a! ng the coaft, and 20 is
its greateft breadth. The number of
' inhabitants was 26,349 >n 1801, and
27,439 in 181 1. It lends one member
to parliament. The nw part is moun-
tainous, and chiefly adapted for paf-
ture ; but to the 8 of the Grampians
the iurface is in general fertile. The
fmall village of Kincanline, 9 m sw
Stonehaven, was formeily the capital ;
butStonehaven is now the county-town.
Kinderhook, a tovrn of New York, in
Columbia coiuity, on the e fide of Hud-
fon river, 13 m n Hudfon, and 18 s Al-
bany.

Kineton; ke Kington.
Kin,(f County, a county of Ireland,
in the province of Leinfter, 38 m long
and 30 broad ; bounded on the n by
W Meath, e by Kildarc, s by Queen
county and Tipperary, and w by the
Shaiinon, which feparatcs it from Gal-
way and Rofcommon. It is divided
into 52 pariihes, contains about 74,500
inhabitants, and fends two members to
parliament. The principal rivers are
the Shannon, Brofna, Boyne, and Bar-
ro^v- It is not Ho well cultivated as
Tome of the other counties, but the
foil is tolerably fertile. The capital is
Philiptowo.

K IN

Ki>ig l>c»rj(e the Third Sound, a har-
bour oil the 8W coaft of New Hollanc,
difcovrredby Vancouver in i7<jr. It u
fnfe, and ealy of accefa any whrre be-
tween itn two pointH of < ntran' Maid-
head and Mount Gardner, 1 1 1. diAant
from each other. Lon. iiK 17 k, lat.

King George Sound, the n.imc given
by Cook, in 177H, to the hay he dif-
covertd on the vv coall uf N America,
in lon. ia6 38 w, aiidlat- 4<) 32 n. But
the fnft European difcoverer was Juan
Perez, who anchored here in 1774, and
called the port St. Loren/o. The na-
tive? call it i\ootJt(i ; the name now ge-
nerally adi THcdby ttie Englith- Ildoen
not lie on the continent, as Cook had
reafon to liippoiV, but on an idand, to
whichVanciiuver,\vhocoalU'ditin 1792,
gave the name of Quadra and Vancou-
ver Illand, the former being the name
of the Spaniih commandant then on
the co.nft. All pretenlions to this place
were abandoned by the couit of Spain
in favour of the Britilh in 1790, and tlie
latter formally took pofTeflion of it in
1 795 . The woods are compolird of the
Canadian pine, white cyprcfs, and two
or three other forts of pine ; and in ge-
neral they arc of a large fize. Almut
the rocks and borders of the woodij
were leen fome ftrawberry plants, and
rafpberry, currant, and goofcberry
builies in a flourilhing ftate. The prin-
cipal animals fecn were racoons, mar-
tens, and fquirrcls. Birds are far from
being numerous, and thofe feen were
remarkably thy. The ftaiure of the
natives is, in general, below the coni'
mon (landard ; but their perfonsarc rot
proportionably [lender, being ulually
plump, though not mulcular. The
women are of the fame fize and form ai
the men j nor is it cafy to diftinguifli
them, a."« they pofiefs no natural femi.
nine graces. Their bodies are always
covered with red paint ; but their faces
are ornamented with a variety of co-
lours, a black, a bright red, or a white
colour. They are docile, courteous,
and goodnaturcd ; but quick in refent-
ing injuries, and, like moft other paf-
fionate people, as quickly forgetting
them. Their weapons arc bows and
arrows, flings, fpears, (hort truncheons
of bone, and a fmall ax, not unlike the
common American tomahawk. A rat-
tle and a fmall whittle are thi,' only in-
ftruments of mufic that were ften
among them. Their hoult's confift of
very long broad planks, refting upon
the edges of each other, and tied iit
different parts with withes of pine

U

|Kirk. Their fnrtl
pilly of chclU a|
Jli/.es, piled upon
niid <'iul« of their 1
I dcpolited their gar|
they deem viliial
l(]iiare and ol>!oni;l
their fond out of,
aiidconfufionof the!
I fil by their naflinrf^
thin},' ftinksof train
and every part i<
iina^'ined.

hin-gan, a city of

rank, in the provincij

0!) the Kan-kiang,

Lon, 1 ij; 10 E, lat. 2 1

Kinghorn, a boron)

I' iff (hi re, on th<.' frith!

two harbours, one bel

the other half a mile

the pafTage- boats bet\

f-eith. The chief

thread ftockings, and!

cotton and flax. It is 81

Kings Langley, a vil

fhiic, on the river G|

Alban. Here was a rcJ

by Henry ni the ruinH]

be (een. Richard 11

monaftcry, but removt

to VVeftminfter.

Kingjbridge, a town
with a market on Sati|
the head of a fmall inlel
channel, called Salcor
which is a bridge to Do
34 m s by w Exeter,
London.

^'".^Jbridge, a town
New York, on the w fi
fon, over which is a bi
ncfts New York ifiand
land, 15 m N New York
Kingfclere, a town in H
a market on Tuelday, ar
in malt. It was the rel
of our Saxon kings. Ii
fingflokc, and 54 w by s
King f cliff, a town in
fhirc, with a market on
w Peterborough, and 8(
don.

Kingftein, a ftrongforti
See Fredericjladt.

Kitigflon, a corporate
on the river Thames, wi
Saturday. A national c(
here in the year 838, at
thefirft kingofallEngla
Athelwolf, were prefcnl
of the Saxon monarchs
here. This town fent m
Wament in the reigns of

,. , ^ KIN

ir.irk. Their fiirnifur.' confi/). ^ • •

'••"d ••'uIj or their hou ; 1 ' ^' fi'^'s

jpoMrodtiu-irga^m^c ^..;;i:t-;--

Mney deem v.lnabu- ,' '"'V "'^'''V"*
tt:.'ir food o„t of"^^r'' VJ"/'"' \" ^'■•^

""HK ftinksoF train o I rirt! ' "• "'^^"''y
••"nd every part i? '«?.?''''"'' ''""'«^' J

^'"^ "fl'er half a mile il I/n'' '"'""' '''^d

cotton and flax t isfi m ^ /'"""'"^ "^

^'■'•c. on the rfv'e? C,T '" "'^"-^'ord-
Alban. IlerettrT^"'';'-^ m sw St.

'nonaftery; iSt r^ " :'?^ hwned in its

tl>e head oValaM tliV'^^'J'''''^ '^
'^h^nnel, called sVlcLml?'^ ''^^ ^^"^'"^
vvh.ch.-sabrid,et'o'KLT^

,,NewTr'J:^i;\^b:Tfif^J^^^-eof
I fon. over which in ^k -T °^ *'"' Hud-
I netfls New York ilL '"^^^ ^''^t con.

amaX;?CS"H5-Pft>.V.,w;th
in malt, it was thJV ?'j '^ ^'''^'"^^ trade
of our Saxon kn^,^ 'f!f-<^- of fome
fing/lofce, and 54 w by s r? f" '*' fi^"

ft'ro, with a markf-rnn -r ^^'""Pfon-

»v PetcrboronX a. d 86 i!;^'"^' '' "^
don. ^ * '" ''o N by w JLon-

Se^S;if^"^^-»-^ofNorway!

cnfhffcSe?^^-l°""""" Surry.
Saturday, a natTon','"^ ^ '"^'''^^t on
»'ere in the ^ar £ f ""k"^'' ^''^ ''eld
t''e firft kin/of alfl',^ •'^h'^^h J^&bert,

Athelwolf, were nfe^t '^""^ '"« fon
f the Saxon mona chs '^ '"^ ^'^^"^l
J'^re. This town fent LmK' ^^'^^^^^^

^-entintherefgn?^r|-^-^S

tion. Oue. rf PI /•? '.""." ""■ corpora.
J'«^M at thf, place 'r'""'*^' '^'"^^ ail-

th'- river, an.!, he ^,,,7'';;*'. '"-''Ikc over

"ate o„ the .V lide'^f Lf /-r"^*^' ''-
.'' ^"^'3 built aftu th. ' ^^''1^^ ^^y-

fort KoyaJ) his )^„"'"y'^' t'le town of

---"corporat?l!^f;'ei^"'^"'!'-ni8c3
"' Kre.t trade, and de.I' ^'" V P'^^e

^^ -"'y in Europe tLT'V' ''"'^h/

^''•iy '"gh, many of the^ •"["* ■""'^ on?

and every conveniencv f'"^'' P"^''^'"".

^^''c liabitation htbi^ i\^ "" ^'"'"fort.

number of white i.fe s""*^^' The

3=8o.affir?]av7LrP''^«f col^?
^^Jat, .floN'^'^'^'^p. Lon. 7643

Y<<fe?:ff/Sr'-^townofNev.

but has been rebnil^ ^'"'•'^ '" ^777.
;t ftands onV/lp" '.^^i'./^g^'^r pian!
trance into liudfon rfver 'fi."'"" \ ^"•
York. Lon. y, A \^^Z\ ^ "^ '^ ^^w

/f-.?A«, a town of Nr;*V^^ "'
of Lenoir co.mty ^ ft^H''""' ^'^'^f
fide of the Neus ^« "^' on the n

A-zw^y^ofl, a town of 9 o ,.
Georgetown diftricft °n *^ Carolma, /n
Wabkamaw river ' " ^^^ ^ ^^e of
town. ^^^' 30 m NNE George-

on L^S.tar!o""t it' ^P^- Canada.
St. I-awrence 'I't w %°"^''^^ "'c river'
Frontenac, and parTof th""'!!^ ""^^
now ftanding, the beft 1 ."^ ?'^ ''ort is
tJ^c magazin'^e Hc?e P'"'.-'^ ^^'"'^h ^^
?>■« kept and guarded '%^'"S« ^^^^^
bovver Canada fo^ forth 'Tl'" '"'"""i
P'ace; andhenceto Yori T^- '''"" *»"■•
[tores and merchandife . ' ^'^^"'^» ^c.
''"ats. It is ,50^ sw M ''°"''<=yed in
75 4 1 vv, lat. 4^4° 5";^ Montreal. Lon.
f»^An upon Hu/ly fee //„/,
Kmg-tcheou, a citv of n^- '
fi/ftranfc,i„theprSce J? '"«• °^ ^'"^

-^-UtheoS^^^-o^^^^^^^^^^^^

> .

T
I

KIN

whom the gnrril'on cunfifln. ft has a
great tr,idi'i and (^.iiuii on thi; Kian-kii,
610 m 8SW Peking. Lon. iii 37 k,
lut. 41 6 w.

Kinif-tftfhin^, a town ofChinn, in
the province of Kiang-fi. It is comput-
ed to contain above a million of inhabit-
ants, and extendi 4 n\ alon^ tlu* bmks
of a river, which here forms 'a kirul of
harbour. This town is famons for its
beautiful porcelain, and wai\t8 nothing
but walls to make it a great city. It
18655 m s Peking. Lun. 116 54 p., Ut-
»9 a? w.

h'iiiiflon, or Kintton, a town in War-
wicklhin , witlt a market on Tuefd.iy.
Kin^? John ereftod a cattle here, in which
he kept his court. It is 10 m ssB
Warwick, and 8.i nw Lond')n.

Kinffton, or Kyuetou, a town in
Ilcrcfordfhire, with a market on Wcd-
nefday, and a manufarture of woollen
cloth; ftated on tht; Arrow, under
Bradnor mountain, 15 m nw Hereford,
and 15 ? WNW London.

Ktn/ioa, a city of China, of the firft
rank, in Tche-kiang, on thobaiiksofa
fine river. It has a great trade in dried
p^ums and hams ; and is fatnous for
good rice-wine, and very white candles;
the latter madf of a fubftance obtained
from little flirubs with a white flotver,
not unlike jfflaminc. It is 190 m s by e
Nanking. Lon. 120 10 e, lat. 29 16 n.

Kinnaird Uend, a lofty promontory
of Scotland, oii the n coalt of Aber-
deeiifhire, projctfting above a mile into
the fea, to the n of the town of Fra-
ferburg. Here is a caftle, four (lories
high ; And on the top of it iy a light-
houfe. Lon. i 46 w, lat. 57 39 n.

Kinnoulf a town of Scotland, in
Pcrthfhire, with the remains of an an-
cient cadle. The hill of Kinnoul is
famous for its fine agates, and alfo
abounds with many rare plants- The
town ftands at the foot of the hill, on
the river Tay, at the e end of the
bridge of Perth.

Kinrofs, a borough of Scotland, ca-
pital of Kinrofsfhire, with a manufac-
ture of coarfe linens. The number of
inhabitants was 2124 in 1801, and 2214
in 181 1. It is featedin aplain,fkreened
on the N by the Ochil hills, and on the
river Leven, before it enters Loch Leven,
aa m NNW Edinburg. Lon. 3 9 w, lat.
56 7 N.

Kinrofs-Jhire, a fmall county of Scot-
land, furrounded by the (hires of Perth
and Fife. It is almoft circular, about
10 m in di;)meter, and contains four
pari(he8. The number of inhabitants
was 6725 in 1801, and 7445 in 181 1.

KIO

The central pirt is occupied by Loch
Leven, and the country around has a
rich appfarancc. It fend* a mcnilicr
to parliament, altern.ituly with the
county of Clack manan.

h'in/tile, a fmport and horou(;h of
Inland, in the county of Cork. It in a
maritimt; arCenal, contains 10,000 in-
habitants and has an excellent harbour,
defcntlf-d by a (\roiip fort. It fends a
membi'r to parliament. Conliderabic
quantities ot )^rain are exported from
this place. It is (eated at the mouth of
the fiandon, 14 ms Cork. Lon. U :8
w, lat. 51 42 N.

Kitt-tc/iingr, the capital of the idand
of Licou-kieou, in the China fea, ind
of all the illands under that appella-
tion, which form a kingdom. The cdi.
fices, temples, and the palace of the
king are built after the Japancfe man-
ner ; but the houfcs of the Chincfe, the
imperial college, and the temple of the
goddefs 'Jienfey, are built after the
Chinefc. The king',s palace, reckom-d
to be 12 m in circuit, is on a neigh,
boiuing mountain. Kin-lching has ma-
nufatflures of filk, cotton, paper, arms,
copper utcnfils, &c. It (lands in a
di(tri(5l called Cheouli, the se part of
the inand. Lon. 127 ^0 e, lat. 26 2 n.

Kin-tong, a city of China, of the firlt
rank, in the province of Yun-nan. Tiie
furrounding country is mountainous,
but the vallif'S yield abundance of rice.
It is feated on the Papien, 750 m w by
N Canton. Lon. 100 40 R, lat. 24 30 n.

Kintore, a borough of Scotland, in
Aberdeenihire, on the river Don, ij,
m w by N Aberdeen.

Kiritzhi^en, a town of Franconi.i, in
the principality of Wurtzburg, with
a noble Benedi(5line convent, feated on
the Maine, 10 m ese Wurtzburg.

Kin-1/ang, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in Chcn-fi. It has always
been deemed as a barrier againft the
incurfions of the Tartars, and is ftrong-
ly fortified. The country around is
very fruitful. It is 560 m sw Peking.
Lon. 107 30 E, lat. 36 6 n.

Kin-i/uem, acity of China, of the firft
rank, m Quang-li. It is feated on a
fine river, but furrounded with craggy
mountains inhabited by a people almoft
favage, 310 m w by n Canton. Lon.
loH ij K, lat. 24 2R N.

Kiqf, or Kief, a town of Poland, in
a palatinate of the fame name, and an
archbi(hop's fee, with a caftle. It is
the capital of the Rufiian government of
Kiof, and carries on a confiderable
trade. Here are catacombs of con-
fiderable extent, di)g, as would appear.

through a mafsl
divided into til
and feated on thi
I Ho m N'K Kami|
iVarlaw. Lon.
Kiof, a pa lat i I
part of the lJkr|
w fide of the
only two dillrici
towns, Icarccly
capital, Kiof, bed
Kiof, a goverii
empire, being pal
Little l<n(ria. Jt
the Dnieper, altho]
is on the w fide,
belonging to the gj
and Kiof was n
country was conouj
and came again int
the great dukes, bi|
poflVircd by the Co(
te(flion of Poland,
tivcs, difcontented
king of Poland, ful
and have ever fince i|
that empire. This gc
eleven diftrids ; and
are the Dnieper, D^
Sula, Pfbl, and Trul
_ Kio-fsott, a town of|
vince of Chan-tong at
tcheou. It is the biJ
fuciuH, feveral monii|
mernory are ftill to be
Kiogti or Koge, a
mark, in Zealand. '
feated the Danes her
town, in 1807. It is
hagen. Lon. la 15 e,
tCioping, a town of S
mania, feated on a rive
diftance enters the lali
W3W Wefteras.

Kip^en, a town of S
ling(hire, feated near
w Stirling.

Kirby Lonfdale, a
morland, with a mark<
feated on the Loyne, c
ancient ftone bridge, i
and 252 NW London.

Kirby Moorfidcy a tO'
(hire, with a market
feated on the edge of t
the river Dow, 28 m >
N by w London.

Ktrby Stephen, a tov
land, with a market on
manufadlure of ftockii
the Eden, 9 m sse Aj
NNW London.

Kirchbacht a town (
Stiria, 14 m sb Grata.

"P'^J h tod,

'"ound h,i,< a

>*'« a mcmiicr

«ly with ihc

'• boroupl, of
Cork-. it;,jj

js 10,000 ill-
"ent harbour,
■• 'f f'-iuls ,1
C"nfi(Jer.iblc
sported from
"•«• mouth of
Lon. a jij

?f thr idand
['•a fi-a, inii
"''t ''PpelM-
• Thf ('(jf.
'';>ce of the
ancfc man.
-hiiicff, the
iip'cofthe
t after tlie
» reckoriL'd
' a neigh.
ig has ma.
Peff arms,
inds in a
K part of

t- 36 2 N.

Jfthcfirlt
lan. Tlie
intainoiis,
c of rice,
m w by

24 30 N.

■'and, in
)on, J,

throi.gh a niaft of hardened c!.„ jj . ,,

divided into the oKI .n 1 J'" '* '» Kirelih^r^ .. "" * "

-nd/caudonthewf fen ; ,"'^ ?°^"' 'CrtmSni ""'" "'' ^"nce. fn th.
is on the wfiaef/^''^'^'»''«^ capital, Un^? »T' ^' '"*" "^" Germans •

t"e7.va dX; C J'" ^°^'«^- o'
Pofli/lcd by the Co/Tac?' ^r'""'-"" «"<«
tertion of Po/fnH I ' "'"Jcr th(.. pro.

*^", chYcontentcdwth Inf'*' '"'^ ""-
king of Pohnr* r I . •'°"" Cafimir

a. Aave « "rl,J;^™'.W •» Rum,?

•".. .i m w Worms. -•'''"

oni.a, in
?» with
ated on

of the
always
nft the
ftrong-
md is
'eking.

lefirft
on a

•■^ggy

Imoft

that empire 'Thr '"'"''"■"^d '"»''>« to kV- " "> « Marburg ^'

^'ev..n dffiias? Ln7r^''-*^°"'^'"« fiafe?"^ °' ."'^^ '^^-^ provinces o(

feat«»H !;„' ^T*",^ '"arket on Thi.rCin /'«^ures of checks ft* ^"^ "^^nu-
•«d, 5, sw London '° ""'Kendal, p„t of h^'efejiwote thereateft

the river Dow. ,p «. J"^ Moors, near Kir J 7i* ■. J^ 6 n. "'^^^«

-b? " Lond^'n.^'""* 5^°*. -<1«4 of1Sd7*';4f''r«''>"dfeapor.

«76, ia i8„/^7 ,*}»» 'y Sox, and
" leaied acax the

*?

iN ' •

•■,.';.;ii

H

r
I

K IR

mouth of tht'Dci*. %$ '« <w Dumfrict.
Lon 4 .5 w, lit. .S4 54 ";

KirktUiihiightihirf, or l';ijl G.tllowot^,
a coiimy ot ^c(»tl;llul. 4s •" l«>'i|{ «ml
J^o broad ; boinulcM oi\ I ho nw by Ayi -
ihrc, N ► by Diiinrrie»(liii\', K and r. by
Sulway I'rith anil the Iiidi U-a, niid w
hy \Vi15tonlhirr. It is dlvUUil into »3

fiiiriiheit. and fend» a member ti> par-
lament. 'I'hc number of inhdiitanti
was 11), 1 1 1 in iKoi. and ; u6^4i>i il<> ■'
Thr northern part id moiihtainon«i and
uncultivated; but there ii fume fertile
land on thr fid<'s of the rivcrii, and it
tVi-d« .1 great number of cattle and lluep.
The cliicf rivL'M arc the Dec, Ken,
and Orr.

Kiri/wn, a town in Lancalhirc, with
a mat kit tJuTuefdiy, and a conlidcr-
abltf III nuif.icturcof'tMnvas J fcatcd near
the mouth of the Kibble, 18 in s Lan-
cuO'T, an«l as5 nnw London.

Kirkhitillocht a to* n of .Scotl.uul, in
Dumbartoiilhire, with maiiufadlureu of
linen and cotton ; foatcd near the Kv;l-
vin, and the Gnuid canal, 7 m nne
Giid'now.

KirkUndt a villagp of Scotland, in
Fifclhire, on the s lUle of the Lcvcn, 9
m N N K Kirkcaldy. Here is a l.irgc
fpinniint-work, and a munufaduvc of
Coarfc hnen.

Kirileej, a villa):c in W Yorkfliire,
fituat*' on tlic Calder, 3 ni nnk Hiid-
drrsficld. In the park near it is the
monument of the famous Robin Hood.

KirkojhvaU, a town in Cumberland, 44 47 N

Kelp nn«l corn are -xporlrd. Two m
ti) the s i« th<' villa^^c «)f Scalpa, ttn .1
commodion* bay ofitkname, which i.
the ut'ual landint{>place from the road of
Caithnefi. Kirkw.tll li jom nk Thurto,
in Caithnrfi. l.oti. 2 55 w, lat. %,<) 11 n.

Ktrmnnjlti, a city of INilia, in Irak.
It i> the rrlidence of a prince, whnf.;
novernmcnt comnrehcndi an extenlivc
tradt ofconiitiy. lliic art four inofcpir*,
I.) public bathii, and many ({.irdcim.
rive in ttoin tlu- city, in the mount lin*
that form the northern boundary of a
fine plain, are many exoivatioMn and
fculpturcH. Kirm.inlh I Ituuls at tho
• extremity of the plain, on the river
Karalu, igo m wt H^irdad, and .140
WNW Ifp.ihan. Lon. .\^ jo *, lat.
M 56 N.

Kir/i, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Rhine and Molclle, l.itely
of Oermany. in the pd'tinate of the
Rhine ; fituatc on the N.ilie, 41 n\ i
by w Cobiciit/,.

Klrrymuir, a town of Scotlaiiil, iit
Forfarfljire, with conlidciabic manu-
factures of llu-eting and coarll* linens.
It is 5 m NW I'orfar, and 16 n Dundee.

Kirjhehr, a town of Aliatic Turkey,
in Natoha, formerly a conlidiTable city,
called Diccaclarca. Salt is made in the
neit;hbourho()d. It is 84 m Nk Cogni.
Lon. ,34 15 K, lat. 39 10 N.

h'irjbva, a town of European Tur-
key, III Uiil};aria, leated on the Danube,
76 m AW Ilina';!. Lon. 2K 4 1^, lat.

with a market on Thurfday. On an
cirv.itcd fpot, a little to the e, is the
ruin of a caflle ; and on another emi-
nence, ^ m to the », is the famous
druidical monument called Long Meg
and her Daughters. Kirkofvvald is
feated at the conflux of the C'rogliii
with the Eden, 9 m n by e Penrith,
and 29s NW London.

Kirkpatrlck, a village of Scotland, 5
m ESE Dumbarton. The vcftigesof the
Roman wall, built by Antoninus, ex-
tend from the Clyde at this place, to
Abercorn on the frith of Forth.

kirton, a town in Lincolnfliire, with
a market on Saturday, ao m n Lincoln,
and 147 N by w London.

Ki/hc'titigurt a town of Hindooftnn,
in Bengal, 45 ^f Calcutta, and 50 s
Mooilhedabad.

Kijhnit or Ki/mic/j, a fertile illaiid at
the entrance of the gulf of Pcrlta. 60
m long and 8 broad, I'cparatrd from the
continent of Perfia by a narrow chan-
nel that is navigable for large vcflels.
On the s fide of theiJland is an exct llent
harbour ; and at the t: extremity h the
fort of Kilhm, ao m s Gomhron. Lon.

Kirkiualt, a borough and feaport of 56 lo e, \\\. 26 58 M.
Scotland, capital of Pomona, the prin- KiJJingen, a town of Franconia, in

cipal ifland of the Orkneys. It is built
on a neck of land, on the e fide of the
ifland, at the head of a deep bay. The
moft flriking ohjedt is the ftatcly ca-
thedral of St. Magnus; oppofite which
is the caftle, and near it the bi(hop's
palace, both in ruins. The harbour is
excellent, with a good outer road,
which are defended by a pier. Here
are manufadlures of linen, cotton, and

the principality of Wurtzburg. In the
environs are fome medicinal and fait
fprings. it is feated on the Saal, 10
m Nw Schweinfurt.

Kijii, one of the feven Caucafian
nations that inhabit the countries be-
tween the Black fea and the Cafpian.
This nation extends from the higheft
ridge of Caucafus, along the Sundfha
rivulets. They are bounded on the w

platting Uraw, and great quantities of by Little Kabarda, e by the Tartan

! Two m

'■•'ip.i, on .1
f, which '\4
the ro.ifl of
*»• 'niiiHu,
•t. 5'> la M.
•% in (r.ik.

ICC, Whof.;

ri cxtrtiliv,;
r inofqiif,,
f g.irdiiiii.
nioiiiit liiiii
ul.iry of n
ifiori» and
lis at the
the rivfr
and .140
0 »:» lat.

iat.

ooftan,

JO s

Kill

irul Lcfjuli, atiil % \)j the f.efKuIi and
OcorKi.uif. They cnnlUl of 16 dinriCU
rrtriltf^, which .irr^rncnlly at variance
with iMi'li other, and widi their neieh-
boiiri. Thuic tx-lonKiii^ to the diflrid t
of Wapi, An^ulht, and Sh.illci, (ul>
niiitid to Kiiin.i In 1770. The Tnietltit n
Inbc in 1*0 niiiiicroiii and warlike, and
li 11 given the KulIiuH l\> much trouble,
that it^ nain>- m tilu.illy {jlven by thtni
tothewhu't, Kilti nation. The Ingiillti,
who are capable of arming above 500 j
men, live in vill.i^'cn n«;ar i-achofncrj
they >ire dilij^rnt htilb.iiidiiii'n, atid ncli
in cattle. Many nt their villages have
n ftone lowir, wliith lerveu, in time of
war, siK a retreat to their women :md
cliiUlicn, and a ir.igizitic for thnr
• iVicti. Ttu'Ie ncuple an* all armed,
•iiid have the ciiltoin of wearing; (hieUH.
Their rcliKio'i iw very (imple, but has
fomctiace* of Chiifliaiiity. Tliy be-
lieve in one Omi, wiiorn they call Dail^f
but have no (itintH or n'lij;ii'U!) pcifoni ;
ami c»'lv'l)r*fc {<uiii!ay, not by any rcli*
k'ioui ciTi'Diony, but by rcltirig from
labour. 'J'licy obfervt; no cercmonieii
either nt births or deaths, allow of
poly^iamy, and t \t pork.

Ki/iiiii, or ( rijiinf a river of liiu-
doollati, wliicli nicM in the Sukhi-in
mountainh, not far 10 the b of Poona,
flow* K about 500 m, forming tho
boutiil.iry between ttie Ucccan and the
PeiuhUtl,), and enters tlie bay of Hcii(()l
by li'veral rnoutht;, to the s of Maliili-
p.itam. This river rivals any Indian
itrcain in the fertility diffuffd by its in-
undations ; and the riclult diamond
mines in the world are in the neigh-
bouring hilis to the north.

Kilhiaglierif a tt)wii and fortrefs of
Hindfooltan, in Myforc This town
was attacked by the Hricidi troops, in
1789. who gained the lower fort and
fuburb, without tnuch difllculty ; but
the upper fort made fo defperate a re-
liftarice, thai it was found ncceffary to
defift from the attempt It is 54 m st
Ban^'alore, and 66 waw Arcot.

K'itterif^ n town of the diftrid of
Maine, in York countyi on Sturgeon
cicek, 8 m $sw York.

Kitxbuhli a town of Germany, in Ty-
rol, on the river Acha, 1 1 m SK Kulftcin.

Kitzingen, a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Wurtzburjr, on the
river Maine, 10 m ese Wurfzburg.

Kiun-tcheou, a city of China, capital
of the ifland of Hainan, on the n coaft,
at the mouth of the Limnu. It (lands
on a promontory, and ihips often an-
chor under its walls. Lon. 109 38 e,
bt. ao 0 N.

K NO

Kiutn/it, or hiitanth, « town (jf All*
atic Turkey, rapiial ot N.ttolia. Here
ate many moApict, anil thri-c Armenian
ciMirehei. In iha vicinity are fomo
warm bath*, much rltei nird in levci.tl
difutderii. It ii lltu.itc at the fool oft
mountain, near the tlvrr Puifak, ij6
m *t* Cot|Aantiiiople. Lon. 30 14 k,
l.it .t9 :o N.

Ki.U Orti/i, A river of Perfia, which
rilri ill the mo mtaini of Kurdiltuii
flows V into A«lrrbeity.an, where it turni
to the I, and, frparatinj^ Ohilmfrom
Ma/,indcr.in, tntrrs the Catpian Iva.

Kit/nr, a town of KiilVi i, in the pro*
vincf of C-iucalka, lituate on tlu 'l\'rek,
which foun after divid 'S into fcveral
brtnchet and enteri the Cafpian fea.
'Ihe environs are ricli in corn, liik, w ine,
and excellent brandy. Itis lao m ■
CaiharinoL'rad, and 140 s by w A(lra«
chan. Lon. 47 \q r, lat. 4 ) 45 n.

tiladraut a lown ol Itohemia, in the
circle of IMI'cti, near the liver .Mifa, 20
m w I'iKeir.

KInttau, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of l*il:i.'i>, on the river Walta, aa
'.n !f»w Pilfcn.

Klin, a town of Kuiru, in the ko-
vernnent of Mofcow, fe.ited on bolli
full's the Stftra, brtween two hills, 44
m KNW Molcow.

Ktinijnau, a town of SwilTerland, in
the county of Raden, ou the river Aar^

7 m N Baden.

Knarejhoroiif^h, a borough in N
Yorklhirc, with a market on Wodnef-
day. On a ruggevi rod: almoft encom-
pailed by the river Nid, are the ruins of
its cnltle. Near it 1^ a famous Ipringi
called the Dropping Well, which falls
in drops from the top nf a rock, and is
of a (Irmij; pitrifying quality. K'laref*
borough IS celebrated for its linen cloth,
IhL' ting, &c. It is 18 m w by N York,
and 10', N by w London.

Kniij/tton, a town of Wales, In Rad-
nnrlhire, with a niurket on Thurfday }
feated on the Tcmc, 7 m n by w
i'rt deign, and 158 nw London.

Knif^htjbriJge, a village m Middlefez,
the tirlt from London on the great
wellern road- Ht're are cxtenfive bar-
racks for foidiers, and a confiderable
manufadlure of painted floor-cloths.

Knipfittufen, a town and caflle of
Weftphalia, in the territory of Jever,

8 m ESE Jever.

Knittflfeld, a town of Germany, in
Stiria, on the river Mcur, 10 m NNt
Judt-nburg.

Knoctopher, a borough of Ireland, in
the county of Kilkenny, la m s by t
Kilkenny.

■ rf»l

ll

ff

1

1

KOE

KnAiiingUif^ « vltbgr in W York-
flilrr, nil ihi il»«r Ain', j m » n n Pnn.
IcfVa^t it'tlcil for ill liAde In limi>,
which i* hiirnt hrrr in f trai i{U4n|tti« i.

KifJt^<ii/f, a •«)vvn ol Tmiifflrci t^

6'\\\\ lit' th4i ll.ite, oi Itic tlinri(?l of
lAitiiltnn, iiui iif KiioH county H'rr
Ilk collcKv rtt«t)lilhi-(l by Rovirnmcnt,
caltftt BiMiiiit Coltig)"' 11 n.iniU on
the river llolOon, <^fM above iiijniic-
tion with the Tf mil ircr, »0 5 » by K
Pr.iiiklott. Aiid 4rio w>w Kichmoiul.

Lon. H4 fl vv, I4I. j^ ^1 N,

K'luti/orJ, a town in ChcOiirr, with
« itiirkrt on H4lur(l.iy Here \» n cot*
toil mill, anil .\ m.iniifu^hiK' of fh.iK
velvet* It ii 7 m Nk Norwich, aii<i
tj\ MiM w I.nnilon.

Koanetian, a lity of CiiiiUt of the
ArdrAnk. in ihc province of Yunnan.
170 m BsK Yiin-iun.

Koanjf-fi, a city of China, of the firft
rank, in tli<* province ol Yun-nan, 100
m I'xe Ynn-nun.

h'oanif-jiii, » city of China, of the
(Irft r.ink, in Kianx-li- Here are mHtiii-
fu'turcH of Koiitl piper, and ihc belt
candirH in the roipirc. It \% 250 m h by
wNmking. Lon. 1 tS so. Ut iHjon.

K'jbtH. a town anil caftii? ot>it(na,
ill the priiu'ipility of Oiogati, un the
river Oiler, i r, m III Glotrau^

KobL oiled by the Chinefr Chumo,
a T.ifl ilefcrt of Chmt'fc Tarl-iry, which
occupieit almolt all the s extremity of
the country of the Kalk.4a. It it mori*
than too Iim)(iic« fiom l tow, and al-
mofi an much from n to s.

hobrin, a town of Lithuania, in the
pal.iiinaie of Br/cfi;. It wa» taken by
the Rufliui!- in 1794: and ag.iin in 181a,
after a battle in uhich they defeated the
Saxon.'^. It is jo m K Brzeli;.

Koei-tcheou, one of the i'malled pro-
vince* io China, bounded on the s by
Qiiang-fi, 1; by Ilnu-quang, n by Sc-
tchucn, and w by Yun>nan. It iaalmoA
adt'lcrt; but produces the beit horfcs
in C hina. The inhabitants are moun>
taineers, accuflomed to independence,
and feem to form a feparatc nation ;
being no lelii ferocious tiian the favage
animals among which (hey live- BiTidc
Koei-yang, the capital, it contains nine
cities of the fiift, and 38 of the fecond
>nd third dafs

Koei-ttluout a city of China, of the
firft rank, in Sc-tchuen. It is very rich,
thnuijjh its great commerce, and has a
cunomhnuic to receive the duties on
merchandife. Vail quantities of mulk
»rc colie<5led in the neighbourhood, and
there are ii^veral fpringsfrom which fait
if procured. It (lands on the great river

U ON

Kidiiku, 6)7 m ii«w Peking. Lon.
loq 14 ». Ui Jt lu N.

ho»i'jf4i4jf, N lily tijf Ctilnj, capital of
thf pniviiKc of Koci tchrou. The rt»
mam* of lempte* md p^hi-tt fttll an*
nnunce it* litrittrr maxmrtcencr. It it
410 m MW iantoii Lun. 106 19 k»
Idl. 16 ,fO N.

AoY/» fie Klojff

A'o/.i. a town lit KnflVi, in tht* go*
vernmcnt of Ari'luii)(i I, capital of Itiil*
lian l.apland. It hai a gond harbour 011
the river Kola, near n b:iy of the iains
iMine ill the Frozen ocean. Lon. ,V( 1
», lat 6^ 5a N

Keim, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Kaurzim, with a caftlc. A
little to the w of thin pUci-, in 17^71
the Anlfnan* L-ained a victory over the
I'riinianii It 11 a6 m KNk i'r.igiie

A'l/mm, aKovrrnmini of the Kiiinan
empire, in Siberia, formerly inclndril
in the govrrnmcni of Tolxilfk Thil
conn'ry ha^ veiy piodtidtive illvi r minri,
which havt been called the VoioW of
Ruflia They lir bclw< < ti the Ohy and
Irtylh, and chnfly iii.u the mruni.iini
which f< p.irate Siberia fiom Chincli:
Tartary.

Ko/ifnn, a town of Siberia, capital of
the govcrtinu'iit of the C^mv name In
itx tieighboinhood arc filvcr mines of
con(i(l<rablc produce. It was formerly
cilled Bcrdikoi, and is (eat(>d on the
river Berd, at its conflux with the Oby,
4U0 m ESK Tobollk. Luu- 81 lo (, lat.
55 «8 N.

Kolomna, a town of RiifTia, in the
(iveriimcnt of Molcow, and a bifliop'i
ea; feated on the Oka, near the influx
of the Mofkva, 60 m sk Mofkow.

Kom, or hfium, a city of Perfia, in
Irak, with a latge collect, and a cele-
brated molque containing the fupcib
tombs of Scfi 1 and Abas 11. It was
taken by the Afganv, in 1712, and al-
moft wholly dellroyed. Part of it has
fiiice been rebuilt, but the ruins are yet
extenflve. The belt fabres and poniards
in Perfia are made here, and it has
manufadttires ofearthenware. It (lands
ut the foot 01 high mountains, and near
a river which is loll in the great fait de-
fcrt, 70 m H by w Teheran. Lon. 50 40
E, lat. 34 45 N.

Kong, a town of Negroland, capital
of a kingdom of the fame name, on the
borders of Guinea, from which it is fc-
paratcd by a ridge of mountains. It i|
a^omsswScgo. Lon. 3 20 w,lat. 1 1 aoN.

Kongjhaclia, a tovvn of Sweden, in
Halland, at the head of a bay of the
Categat, 14 m sse Gotheburg.

Kongjbergt a town of Norway, in the

I

Jovrrniol
or lh« ll
It I* li*o

Afl'«y/i
minia, .ii|
Maelar,

Aot.^/ti
the goverl
river (il<
rock, oil
(6 in KNi
60 I a N .

KoHjCtt]

RtW rank]
It Dands
by hi>?h
feeii, whii
•hat of I'lJ
Lor. 104
Konifh,]
Ko>iigin\
hernia, imi
name, amli
ci.»u» m.uj
building*
troopH en
greater pa
on the 1 .1

47 S'i't-

Up

Konigjh\
nxt llel
Koriixji"

FrancotiM.

Ko>iigjl>i\

left I, in the

in HK. Prop

Konir/le

in the Ncv

15 m N N w

Konhji'i

pital ot r

magniticer

brary. It

entrance I

of the Sal

change, 11

dral, ;<re I

the callle

a beaut if I

in circuit,

ants, wh(

thcran rv

iire lur^jc

very conl

called Fn

fuiround

river ; ar

an arfen

than le*t

that larg

fmali tov

was take

in 1K07.

Lof).

tal «.f
In

L'8 of

nrrly
tho

lat.

K OM

IIAvrmmrnt of Ayicrrhuyit cvlcbraird
or Ihr fichcft lUvir mine* In lliiropv
It I* iliii <tr (III Ixtth Dilt » III tlir Luwciii
4t m <w ChilrtMni«.

Snijf/itkr, .1 •iiwiiofMvvrtlrn, in W«'U-
nnni.i. .It the wr rxltomlty of the Ulic
M.irl.ir, \o in KNR Oirbro.

honj(f-ivin^fr, * Kiwn <»f Norway, In
the Kovrrnmiiit of Ag^*'Thuyu "car the
Hvcr OI«»mme, at ihf fu«»t of » ft«'«'p
rock, on Mhicli in a ItronK cii;iiUI. It i»
\6 m KMK ( hritlijiiia. Lon lao I, lut.

60 It N.

KongithaHx, • city of C^'..-i of the
firit r4iik, in the provincf of Chrn«n.
It lUiul> tin thi riviT IIihIi furroiindcd
by \\\^\\ inotintiiini, whrrc a tomb ia
fieii, which the Chintfc pti-trnd to he
'h4t of Fo-hi. h ii 6<,o m vv»vv Peking-
Lon. 104 ag I, hit \.\ (6 m.

honith, or KoiHrh \ Wv i'ogni.

Ko'iijfinjfraiz, a fortified town of Bo«
hrn\i,i, iMuital of a circle of thi' (ahw
ii.imi-. .itui ,1 hi(hop'H fee. It h.ift .1 (pi-
fi.)ii» m.trki-t-pl;icr, and m.tny fIcKHit
buihiingi In 1762 a body oM'riilliiii
troops entered the town, and laid the
grcuttT p4rt of it in .When. It in fcitcd
on thf I'.lbc, 44 m k l*raj?uc Lon. 15
47 S lat. 50 10 N.

^oniv/herf[t a town of Oertr ly, in
Upixt IKir. , 7 m NW (Jirlfen.

i\onixji>rri(, a town and calUc of
Franconui. 14, m n Srluvtinfurt.

honij(jl/rrjf, n town and callle of Si-
Klli, in ihe principality of Tropp^u, 15
m sK I'roppaii.

Koniff/i'frxi a town of Drandcnhurg,
in the New nvirk, on ihc river Rotikc,
35 in NNW Culbiii.

Koni.'jberf^t a for tilled city, the ca-
pital ot Fiullia, with a iituverfiiy, a
maKniHcent palace, and a public li-
brary. It ftaiids on tho Prejteljncar ito
entrance into the Frifch Ilaff', an inlet
of till' Baltic. The townhoufe, thf ex-
change, the royal mint, and the cithc-
dral, arc fiic flruiturea. I'Iil' lowor of
the caltle is very high, whence there is
a beautiful prolpedt. The city is 10 n\
in circuit, and contains 58,000 inhabit-
ants, who are principally of the Lu-
theran r> lijjion. Many of the houfes
ar'* lurj;c;ind t'U'Kant ; and the tnde is
very cotifidtrable. The Itrong citadr'l,
called Frcderirfburp, is a regular fquarc,
futrounded by broad ditches and the
river ; and within it are a church and
an arfenal. No fhips drawing more
than le^cn feet water can pals the b.ir,
that large veffcls anchor at PilUu, a
fmall town on the Baltic Koniglberg
was taken by the Kuflians in 1758 ; and
in 1K07, after the battle of Fnedland,

K 0 n

it WM enlCfvd bv Ihr French, ft \•%^l^m
N Wtrfiw l.o't. 104) r. lit )4 in.
h'«iijf;ti(g an aneUn' cdlU of Mua*
b'.i. Ill 4 county of the fa ne n^mi*. R m
MW Rivrniburg

Ktiif/hiif. A town 'M't cafl'f of IKi-
hi>mi.t, u-atcd un ih< Elbe, 1 1 m m Ku-
niKingri'x.

Ki>HiiJh,t/rn. a town of Pr.inconia, in
the prini-ip.ili y of VVurtA'iurit, with «
cirtl.-, on the river Saal, ill m nni
Scbwrinfiirt.

Ko'figjiHittr, a town of lower 8u«
ony, ni lh« principality of W Ifcibul-
til, with a ceil brat I I'.ib. y,on ibc rivu-
let I. utter, 10 m » Uiuiifwick.

ho>iijfJrf, .1 town of Ipjier S ixo"y,
in I'luirniKL. with a cattle on 4 hi 1, 7 lu
w Uudt lil-idt

h''iniif/Ui>i, I town and f»rt'^rf. of
Upp« r S'lxony, in Miinia, on ihi- iron-
tier* of Bohemia. A garrifon n con-
ftanfly maintained in the firl, whch
Ibind.s on a mountain, and In deemed
Impregnable. The town his man.t.iC'
turc» of woollen and linen, and i< fea'ed
on the Dlb", 19 m ak Dcelden. Lon.
14 :\ t. Lit. 5054 N.

Konii(jUirt, a town of Germany, in
the circle of Upper Rhine, with a ciUle
on a rock ti m nw Frankfort.

Ko'iitz.. a town of W Pruflli, 10 t\\
Nw Culm.

Kooch, a town of Illndoolla-i, in the
country of Agra, 6 j m k (»w.ilior. and
95 Ml Agra.

h'coitjoor, I town of Ilindoollin, ci-
pital of a clrcar, in the provinci' <»f
Oriifa. It is 86 m nnw Cilt.itk, and
16) Wttw Calcutta. Lon. 85 38 n, lat.
ji ^a N.

koojiaub, a town of Hindo ilin, in
Lahore, Aated mar the C'helum, «8 ni
w Lalvire. Lon. 7 i 20 f., lat 30 55 v.

K. pirif^, a town of Swiden, in Weft-
mania, on a river th,u foon after entcri
the lake Maelcr, 20 m wsw VVefl.-ra8.

Kopii, a fortified town of Lithuania,
in the government of Mohilct, fituale
on the Dnieper, .,0 m n Mohil«-f.

Kor/itinn, a tow n of Arabia, in Oman,
on a bay of the gulf of Orniun, no m n
by w Roftak.

Kcritifs, a people of Siberia, divided
into two foits. Thof properly called
KoriHCfl have a fixed rtlidcnce ; the
oilicrs are wandcrcr.i, and are known
by the appellation of Kaindeer Koriacs.
Their flock.^ are mimeroua, and th»y
maintain them by conducing them to
thofe cantons thai abi>u d with mofs.
When thric pafturesare exhaulled, they
feek for others. In thiti manner they
wander about, encamping under tent*

Ti-
lt

B
V
3

K O R

*>f fkin, and Ajpporiinp; ihciurflvcs vviih
the pioiliicc ot ih»'ir tl»«'t, which arc
as ferviccablc tor draught to the Ko-
riaca, as the doj^s are to the K;imtfcha-
dalea. There ia, in m;uiy nipc-fls, a
prt'at reremblancc between the fixed
and tlio w.iiKliripg Kon.ics ; yet the
miluiuleift iiidinjr which fubfifts among
thcin, ciiilt H them to be confidcrcd as
two difltrriit p^ ,vle. Their country,
Iiowcvrr, is tlie fame, and t.il.ts in a
valt extent; hoiindcd on thes l)y Kamt-
Ichatka and the Kiilt" of Pcngina, t l)y
the country of tlic OliiteriaiiH, n by
thai ot the Tclioniichi.'i, and w by the
Toiigonu , the L..mont^', and the Ya-
kouts. 'l"he mimbcr of fixed Ko'iacs
fcarr<-ly exceeds 900; and the waiider-
deriiig Koriacs, it U imagined, do not
much exceed that amount. The man-
ners of the t'orrrer are a i^ixtuie of du-
plicity, miftrull, and avarice- Robbers
by tiature, they are lufpicious, citicl,
incapable either of benevolence or pity.
From this perfidious and favage difpo-
fiiion, it would ..ot be eafy for them to
live in peace, 01 form any durable ties
with liu ir n- iu'hbours : hence their con-
tinual infurredtions aj^ainft thclhiflians,
and thi.ir daily incurfions 01 the pecplc
who furround them ; hence the refpec-
tivp aniniofilits and revenge that in-
ceflHintly fpriub' up. This (late of war
foments in every individual a ferocious
fptric Theprae'iice of attacking, and of
defending themfelves, creates in them
an inflexible cr,i;rage, wiiich dcligiits in
perpetual combats, mdj^loriesin aeon-
tempt ot life. Superftition L-idsiisaidto
ennoble in cheir eyes t'^is thirll of blood,
by impofing 3 law thrti obliges theni to
conquer or to die- Neither the bravery
nor the number of their adverfariis can
at all intimidate them ; ii is then they
fwear to dejhoy the fun. They dif-
charge this terrible oath by cutting the
throats of their wives and children,
burning all their ponVlfions, and rufh-
ing madly into the midft of their ene-
mies. The combat cannot terminate
but by thi total deftrukUion of one of
the parties ; for the vanquiflud never
feek their fafety by flight, and not a
Koriac will furvive the flaughter of his
countrymen. Their regular occupation
is hunting and filhing; but every feafon
will not permit them to follow it. Dur-
ing thefe intervals, Ihut up in their deep
habitations, they deep, fmoke, and get
drunk. Thoughllefs of the future,
without regret for the paft, they come
not out of their jourts till the moft
urgent riccelfity compels them. Thefe
jourts arc larger than thofe of the Kamt-

KOIl

fchadales; but their fdthinefs is more
difgufting, for there is neither door, nor
vent-hole for the fmoke. They live upon
dried fifli, and the fle(h and fat of the
whale and Icavvolf. The whale is com-
monly eaten raw, and the fe^wolf dried
and cooked in the fame manner as their
fitli, except the finews, the marrow, the
brain, and now and then a flice of the
flelh, which they devour raw with ex-
treme avidity Uuindeer is their fa-
vourite diih. Vegetables aWb form a
part of tlu ir food : they gather in au-
tumn various forts of berries, of a
part of which they make a refrefhing
beverage, and the reft is bruiled to
powder, and kneaded with the oil of
the whale- or feawolf. Their pidTion
for llrong liquors, increaled by the dif-
ficulty of procuring brandy, has led
thtm to invent a drink equally potent,
which they extradt irom a red mufli-
room. The features ot the majority of
the Koriacs are not Aliiitic; and they
might be confiderod as Europeans, but
for tl.c'ir low llature, their ill Ihape, and
the colour of their fkin The other
Kori.iC9 have the fame chara(Jteriftic
outlines as the Kamtfchadales. Among
the women, panieularly, there are very
few who have not lunk eyes, flat nofcs,
and prominent cheeks. The men are
almoU entirely beardlefs, and have fliort
hair. The wiirnen carry their children
in a kind of net or balket arched over,
in which the infant is placed in a fitting
pollure, and (heltered from the weather.
A plurality of wives is not allowed
among the Koriacs ; although there
have been inltances of its be'ng prac-
tifed without fcruple When a Koriac
dies, his relations and neighbours aflc.m-
ble to pay him their laft refpetfls. They
ere<5l a funeral pile, upon which they
place a portion of .the wealth of the
deceafed, and a ftock of proTifions con-
fifting of whatever they conceive he
will want for his great journey, and to
keep him from ftarving in the other
world. If he be a wandering Kori?c,
his deer conduct him to the pile; if a
refident Koriac, he is drawn by his
dogs, or carried by his relations. The
body is exhibited, clothed in his bcfl
attire, and lying in a kind of coffin.
Tlpere it receives the adieu of the at-
tendants, who, with torches in their
hands, confider it as an honour fpeedily
to reduce their relation or friend to
afties. They feel only the regret of a
fhort abfence, and not of an eternal fe-
paration. They wear no mourning ;
and the funeral pomp terminates in a
fccnc of intemperance. They acknow-

alltl

burn|

01 pj

neitl

nefs

inr.oc

♦1-,

liiiefs is more
thcr door, nor
riicy live upon
iiid fat of the
whale is com-
fenwolf dried
anucr as their
i marrow, tho
a nice of the
raw with cx-
r is their fa-
alfb form a
gather in au-
berries, of a
: a refrelhing
18 bruiied to
th the oil of
Pheir p;iflion
;d by the dif-
idy, has led
iially potent,
a red mufli-
(' majority of
c; and they
ropeans, but
ill Ihape, and
The other
charu(5leriftic
lies. Among
here are very
?s, flat nofcs,
['he men are
id have fliort
leir children
inched over,
i in a fitting
the weather.
>ot allowed
ough there
beiri',' prac-
tn a Koriac
tours aflcm-
)e(ft8. They
which they
alth of the
rifions con*
onceive he
ley, and to
the other
ng Koriac,
pile; if a
vn by his
ons. The
n his bcft
of coffin,
of the at-
s in their
ir fpeedily
friend to
;gret of a
eternal fe-
lourning ;
ates in a
r acknow-

KOU

!i!((ge a Supreme Being, the creator of
all thing's. He inhabits the fun, whofe
burning orb they confider as the throne
ot palace of the Lord of Nature. They
neither fear nor worfliip him : good-
nefs they fay is his eflciice ; and it is
inr.oofllblc he lliould do any injuiy.
The principle of evil they conlider as a
<nalignnnt fpirit, who divides with the
good being the empire of nature. As
the one is intent on the happinefs of
nr ankind, the other endeavours to ren-
der them unhappy. Dileafe5, tempelts,
famine, calamities of every kind, are his
works, and the inftruments of his ven-
geance. To pacify his wrath, they offer
to him various animals, the firft-fruits
of their hunting and Blhint^, and what-
ever they poffels that is moft valuable ;
but there is no temple fet apart for his
votaries, who conceive 'hat they render
him propitious by pioiilly getting drunk
ill their jourts; for drunkennefs is be-
come with thefe people a religious prac-
tice,and the balis of all their folemnities.

Korumabad, or Khorremabady a town
of Fetlia, in Irak, with a fort on a coni-
cal hill. It is feated on a river, near its
entrance into the Karanfu, 75 m sse
Kirmariha.

Knjtl, or Koflot a fortified town of
Silefia, in the principality of Oppelen,
on the river Oder, 17 m n Ratibor.

Kojlof'i {te EupatoriO'

Kojiroma, a government of Ruflia,
formerly includt'd in that of Mofcow.
It is divided into the provinces of Kof-
troma and Unza, the capitals of which
are Koilroma and Makarief

Koftroma, a town of Rulfia, capital
of a province of the fame name. It is
furrounded by a ftrong wall, and fituate
on a river of the fame name, at its en-
trance into the Volga, 168 m ne Mof-
cow, and 380 ESE Pcterfburg. Lon.
41 14 K, lat. 57 »o N.

Kotatis ; fet; Cutais.

Kttta, a town of Hindooftan, in the
country of Mai way, feated on the Jeful,
100 m 3E Agimere, and 215 s Delhi.
Lon. 76 20 E, lat. 15 15 N.

Xottokoleet a town of Negroland, ca-
pital of a country of the fame name.
It is aoo m ne Gago. Lon. 5 45 e, lat.
1245N.

Kotun, ?. city of If/bcc Tartary, in
Cafhgur, no m sb Irjken. Lon. 81 36
B» lat. if 50 N.

Koue-i'e, a city cr China, of the firft
rank, in \.he province of Ho-nan. It is
feated in a vaft plain, between two large
rivers, 312ms Peking. Lon. 115 29 e,
lat. 34 30 N.

KouSf or Cofs, a town of Egypt, on

K RO

the E bank of the Nile, once a place of
great wealth and trade, being the ftaplc
of coniinercc between the Nile and tin;
Red lei. It is 18 m s Ocndera, and 45
NNK Kfnc.

Koiuno, a town of Lithuania, in the
palatin»tc of Troki. In 1812, it was
poffeired Iiy the French, but afterward
retaken bytlie Ruffians. It is fituate 011
the Niemcu, ai the influx of the VVilia,
59 m WNw VViliia.

Kraitibursr, a town of Bavaria, Icatcd
on the inn, 5 m nk Burkhaulen.

Krainburg, a town of Germany, in
Cariiiola, with a caltle, feated on the
Save, I a m nvv Laub.ich.

Krainowitz, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Troppau, 6 m ssw Ra-
tibor.

Kranic/i/fldt a town of Upper Saxony,
in Thiu ingia, on the river Ilm, 1 1 ha s 1;
ErCnrt.

Krnf>f>ltz, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Oppelen, with a CiilUc,
at the conflux of the Prudnitz with the
Oder, 14 ms Oppelen.

KraJ'nipol, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Podolia, 32 m nne Ka-
minieck.

Krnfnojlaiu, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Chelm, 26 m ssw Chelm.

Krafnny. a town of Ruffia, in the go-
vernment ofSmoltnflc. In 1812, it was
taken by the French, under Murat, Aug.
14; but they were defeated here, under
Davourt, with great lofs, Nov. 16 ; and
the nextday i a, 000 uiider Ney laid down
their arms. It is 28 m sw Smolcnlk.

Kranpen. a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Leitmeritz. It has confider-
able tin mines in the vicinity, and is ^^
m WNw Leitmeritz-

Krautheim, a town and caftle of Fran-
coiiia, in the duchy of Wurtzburg, on
the river Jaxt, 15 m swMergentheim.

Krekith, a corporate town of Wales,
in Carnarvonfliire, with a market on
Wcdncfday, feated on the Irifh fea, near
Traeth-Atnawer bay, where a caftle for-
merly ftood, now in ruins. It is 13 m s
by E Carnarvon, and 234 nw London.

Krempe, a town of Lower Saxony, in
Holftein, feated in a marfli and on a river
of its name, 5 m n Gluckftadt.

Kremst a town of Auflria, which has
alum-works, and manufadures of vel-
vet, filk fluffs, and excellent thread. It
is feated at the conflux of the Krems
with the Danube, 36 m wnw Vienna.
Lon. 15 36 E, lat. 48 24 N.

Kronberg, a town of Auftria, on the
Danube, oppofite Clofter Neuburg, 8 m
NNw Vienna.
Kronberg ; fee Croncnber^.

\

ii

K UN

ii/7//"«<iy/f/», a town nf Poland, in the
paliliiKitc of Br7.< Ic, with .• caflle, noted
for btinij tho birthplace of Piad, who,
from the il.itio'.i ota privati- i.iti/,en, was
cledfd king of Poland in the year 842.
It is 1 atcd on the lalte Goplo, 28 m w
Dfzcfc.

Knitzow, a ftrong town of Lithuania,
feiti'd on the Sofz, 30 in svv Mozciliaw.
Lon 3; 4 E, lat. 54 8 N.

Krt/lnrju, a ftrong town of Poland, in
the pal.itinate of Kiof, featcd on the
Diiii'per, 140 m se Kiof. Lon. 33 50 e,
lat, 48 50 N.

Kubbees ; lee Kabis.

KuHeJha, a flrong town in the coun-
try of the Lef^juis, fituate on a hill, be-
tween high molintains. Its inhabitants
call thcmfelves Fronki (Franks, a name
common in the eaft to all Enrnpeans)
and form a republic. They are excel-
lent artifts, and make very good fire-
arms, labres, coats of mail, and levcral
articles in gold and filver, for cxporta-
tion. They have, likewile, for their
own defence, fmall copper caimons, of
three pounds calibre, caft by themfelves.
They coin Turkiih and Perfian filver
money, and even rubles, whirh readily

f)af8 current, becaufe they are of the
uU weight and value. Kubeflia is
confidered as a neutral town, where the
neighbouring princes can depofit their
treafure with fafety. In 1725* it ac-
knowledged the fovercignty of Ruflia,
but without paying any tribute. Lot).
47 59 E, lat. 42 30 N.

Kufjiein, a ftrong town of Germany,
in Tyrol, with a caftle on a rock. It
furrendered to the French and Bava-
rians in 1805. It is feated on the Inn,
on the frontiers of Bavaria, 46 m sse
^lunich. Lon. iz 15 e, lat. 47 30 n.

Kuhljheitth or Kultzheim, a town of
Germany, in the late eleiftorate of
Mentz, 3J m ene Heidelberg.

Kundapurot a town of Hindooftan,
in Canara, and the chief place in the
northern part of that province. It is
feated near the mouth of a river of the
fame name, which here expands into
lake, and forms a number of iflands It
is the port for all goods coming from or
going to Nagara; but the bar will not
admit voflcls that draw more than la
/cet. It is 30 m wsw Nagara, and 54
NNw Mangalore. Lon. 74 45 ^i lat.

i3 3t N.

Kunerfdorf, a village of Brandenburg,
in the Middle mark, 3 m ene Frank-
fort on the Oder. Here, in 1759, was
fought one of the moft bloody battles
on record between the Pruflians and
Ruffians, in which th« king of Frufliay

K UR

after a great flaughter of the enemy for
above fix hours, was in the end obliged
to quit the field, with the lofs ot all his
cannon and ao,ooo men.

KuKting, a town of Franconia, in the
principality of Aichftadt, at the conflux
of the Schwarzach with the Altmuhl,
I J m NE Aichftadt.

Kuopia, a town of Sweden, in Fin-
land, capital of Savohx, and that part
of Carelia remaining to Sweden. It is
fituate on the w fide of an extenfive
lake, 300 m se Ulea. Lon. 29 10 e,
Ut. 63 :o N.

Kupferiergy a mine-town of Siiefia,
in the principality of Jauer, on the river
Bober, 19 m e Schweidnitz.

Kitpferberg, a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Bamberg, 8 m ne
Culmbach.

AV, a river that rifes in Perfian Ar-
menii, fiows ne into Georgia, where it
receives the Araqui, and turning se
pafles by Teflis into Schirvan, where i
receives the Aras, at Javat, and 50 m
below enters the Cafpian fea- At its
mouth are leveral ifiets, liable to be
overflowed in the fpring.

KurdiJiaM, a province of Turkey in
Afia, bounded on the n by Armenia, e
by Perfia, s by Irak, and w by Diar-
bek. It comprehends the whole of an-
cient Aflyria, and is in general a fertile
country, particularly the n part, which
is highly cultivated. The Kurds are
robuft, hardy, and temperate, and live
to a great age. Some live in towns and
villages, and others in tents. They are
averfe to fettled habits, and war and ra-
pine are their delight. They are not i'ub-
je<*t either to the Turks orPerfians; but
are divided into different tribes, each go-
verned by its own chief, all of whom
are independent, though fome conde-
fcend, for the prefervation of peace, to
pay an annual tribute to the king of
Perfia. Their language and drefs are
different from either the Turks or Per-
fians ; and their religion is partly Chrif-
tianityand partly Mohamedanifm. The
province is fomctimes divided into Up-
per and Lower, of which Betlis and So-
lymania are the capitals.

Kuriles, a chain of fmall iflands, ex-
tending from Cape Lopatka, the s pro-
montory of Kamtfchatka, in a sw di-
redion, to the ne end of Jeflb. The
inhabitants of the neighbourhood of
Cape Lopatka, who were called Kuriles,
gave thefe iflands the fame name, as
foon as they became acquainted with
them. They are ai in number, exclu-
five of the very fmall ones. The nor-
thernmoft; called Shoomlka, is three

s, ex-
s pro-
sw di-

The
»od of
urileSy
me, as
I with
exclu-
e nor-

tbiee

^ K YL

Icaj,'ilL'8 from Cape Lopatku ; the next,
nam«il Paramoufic, i3 confidcrably
larger than Shoomlka. Thofctwo illamli
were firft vifitcd by the KufTiana, in
171?, who have found it convenient to
fubftitute numbers for the ancient names
of tliofe iflands, concerning wliicli au-
thors are mucli at variance. Tlii:y now
call tliem No. i, No. a, &c. as high
PS ji, which lall terminates the preten-
fions of RuflTia. Of thefe faur only arc
inhabited, No. i, a, 13, 14; but on the
others, the illanders land occaiionally
from their canoes for tlie false of hunt-
ing foxes and otters. The natives are
very hairy, wear long beards, and live
entirely upon fcals, fifh, and the pro-
duce of the chafe. They are hofpitable
and docile ; and have all embraced the
Chriftian religion.

Karon, a chain of mountains in Afia-
tic Turkey. See Taurus.

Kurjkt a government of the Ruffian
empire, formerly part of that of Biclgo-
rod. Its capital, of the fame name, is
a large city, half of it fituate on a lofty
eminence, and has a flouriihing trade.
It has feveral fabrics and manufactures,
efpecially tanneries, and the vicinity is
fertile and populous. It is feated on the
Tukor, which runs into the Sem, 120
m sw Voronetz. Lon. 37 li e, lat. 51
40 N.

Ktijijlan, or Chujtjlan, a province of
Pcrfia, bounded on the n by Irak Agemi,
K by Farfiftan, s by the gulf of Perfia,
and w by Irak Arabi. The n part is
mountainous, the s flat and raarfhy.
Toftar is the capital.

Kutaiah ; fee Kiutaja-

Kutatis ; fee Cotais.

Kuttenberg, a town of Bohemia, feated
near a mountain, in which are Alver
mines, 5 m nw Czadau.

Kuitore, a country of Afia, between
the NEpartof Cabulandthe Nwof Cafli-
mere. The Mohamedans call it Caferi-
ftan, or the Land of Infidels. It has a
town and fortrefs of the fame name,
100 m NE Cabul, and a8o nw Lahore.
Lon. 70 17 E, lat. 35 27 n.

Kuynder, a town and fortrefs of Hol-
land, in Friefland, on the w fide of the
river Kuynder, at its entrance into the
Zuider zee, 23 m s Lewarden.

Kuzneck, a town uf Siberia, capital
of a pro 'ince of tlie fame name, in the
government of Koiivan. It has manu-
fadtures of iron, and ftands on the Tom,
at the influx of the Kondoma, 230 m
ESE Koiivan. Lon. 85 50 e, lat. 54
16 N.

Kylburg, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Sarre, lately of Germany,

LAB

in the decorate of Tre\ <*?. It has a
collegiate church, and is 'atcd on the
Kyll, 1^1 m N Trcvci.

Kvnrton ; fee Kington.

Ki/ragur, a fortrefs of Hindooft.m, in
Berar, ncir the Luctinow hills, 95 m -^vt
Riittuiipoiir, and no e l)y n Nigpour.

Ki/ritz,^ town of Brand 'iiburg, in
the mark of Prcgnitz, 9 m ne llavel-
bcrg.

L.

Laab, a town of Aullria, on the river
Teya and borders of Moravia, 30 m n
by w Vienna. Lon. 1 6 ao e, lat. 48 43 n.

Laas, a town of Germany, in Car-
niola, with a trade in lait, leather, and
horfes, la m s Laubach.

Labadia, a town of Italy, in Polelino
di Rovigo, feated on the Adige, ao m
NNw Ferrara-

Labes, a town of Further Pomerania,
with manufaiftures of cloth, feated 011
the Reca, aa m ne New Stargard.

Labia, a town of European Turkey,
in Servia, 62 m sw Nifl'a-

Labiau, a town of E Pruflia, at the
mouth of the Deimc, near the Curifch
HafF, with a ftrong caftle, 30 m ne Ko-
nigfl)erg.

Labourd, a late territory of France,
part of that of Bafques. It abounds itt
fruit, and is now included in the de-
partment of Lower Pyrenees.

Labrador, a country ofNAmericn,
on the E fide of Hudfcn bay. The
climate, in only lat. S7 n, is exceflively
cold during winter. The ice begin? to
dilappear in May ; and about the mid-
dle of June commences hot weather,
which at times is fo violent as to fcbrch
the faces of the hunters. Mock funa
and halos are frequent ; and the night
is enlivened by the aurora borealis.
The animals are moofedeers, ftags, raiii-
deers, bears, tigers, buffiilos. wolves,
foxes, beavers, otters, lynxes, martens,
fquirrels, ermines, wild cats, and hares.
The feathered kinds are geefe, buftavdc,
ducks, partridges, and aU kinds of wild
fowls. The fifties are whales, morfcs,
feals, cod, and a white fiflli preferable to
herrings; and in the rivers and frefli wa-
ters are pike, perch, carp, and trout.
In fumrner, there is here, as iu other
cold places, a variety in the colour of the
feveral animals ; but when that feafon
is over, which continues only for three
months, they all afl'ume the livery of
winter, and every fort of hearts, and
moft of the fowls, are of the colour of

«-:,:;!.';■!

i^-'

!

■■.'I'i

P\

ft I

■■<■■■ i^?i

'V.,

■ n-

Ill

L A G

Vif fiiow. See j\i-.w Crltnln, J^v/w/-
miuix, and JJiuij'un tint/.

Lairihlii'e.u i pt<>ii|' of^ fm iH inatuh,
in tlitf liidiiii r«',i, lyiiij,' \v of the coall
of M<l.th,ir. Tlifv arc .^i inmimbvi;
and thfir chief trtflic Is tlu' produce of
the cocoa pilm, fiu-li as oIIjChIiIob, and
cord, ge ; ;uid in <!ii> d Hlh 'J'hrfc are
fent to the ccniiiii nt ot" India, whence
they pi^t ricci '"n^^c. in reUirii ; and alfo
to ^I.Tlcat, ill lirgc boatp, vvliich hriiij:
back ditcR and '.-ollVf. Calpcny, one of
thclaiirt'll. lies molt to the s and K ; and
its 8 txtipmity is 170 m to the w of
Cochin Lon ^j ..^2 h, lat. 100 n.

l,acedo}tna ; Ici* i'ftlov;na.

Lachfiu a ci* ..f Ar.diia, capital of
the province ot B ihrin. It is vv(dl built,
and leated on t)ie Aftati, which flows
into a connderable bay of the gulf of
I^rfia, oppolite the iilc of Bahrin. Lon.
48 40 Ki lat. 26 2o N.

La^thof or Laotchu ; fc« Lao.

Ladenburg, a town of Gvrmany, in
the late palatinate of tlio Rhin':, ieated
on the N''ckcr, 8 m nw Heidelberj;.

Ladoj^roy a lake of Rulfia, between
the gult of Finland and the lake Onej^a.
It is 140 m long and 80 broad, and
citeemed to be the largeft lake in Eu-
rope. It has n;any quicklandu, which,
being moved from place to place by the
frequent ftorms, has often proved fatal
to the flat-bottomed vefTcls of the Ruf-
fians. This induced Peter the great to
cut a canal 67 m in length, from the se
extremity of this lake to the river Neva,
by which it has communicauon with
the gulf of Finland.

Ladoga^ New, a town of RufTia, in
the government of Peterfburg, feated
on the Volkhof, between the lake and
canal of Ladoga. Old Lidoga, an in-
confiderable place, is higher up the
Volkhof. New Ladoga is 66 m e Pe-
terfburg. Lon. -^t 42 E, lat. 60 o N.

Ladrofies, or Marian Ijlands, iflands
of the Pacific ocean. They are 11 in
number, exclufive of the fmall iflets
and locks, lying in 140 e lon. and be-
tween II and 22 N lat. They were
difcovered by Magellan, in 1521. He
touched firft at Guam, where the na-
tives ftole fome of his goods, which
caufed him to name ♦hrf':; iflands the
Ladronea, or Iflands of Thieves. Bolide
the other fruits natural to the foil and
climate, here is the bresd- fruit tree in
abundance. The nimi's of the princi-
pal iflanda are Saypan, Tinian, Guam,
and Rora.

La^^nafco, a town of Piedmont, 24
in s Turin.

Lajin;/, a town of France, in the de-

L A U

partnicnt of .Seine .md Marne, witli A
famous Beiu'didine abbey ; ftttcd on
the Mime, 15 m k. Paris.

I'axoi, a fc.iport of Portugal, in Al-
parv.i. with a cattle. Ileic the Englirti
flirts bound to the Mediterranean uiual-
ly take in frdh water. Off the cape near
this town, in i7.i;9, admiral Bofcavven
defeated a French fli-tt. It is 120 m ssk
Liflion. Lon. H j6 w, lat- 37 14 n.

J-a}rou a town of New Spain, in
Guadalaxara, ftated in a plain fertile in
wheat, on the borders of Mcchoacan,
42 m NW Guanaxuato.

Laguna, the capital of TcnorifT. See
Chrijhpht! de f-fi<itina, St.

Ltigtities of Venice, the marflies or
lakes in Italy, on which Venice is feat-
ed. They communicate with the fea,
piid are the fecurity of th« ity. There
are about 60 iflands in i" fe Lagunes*
which together make a bifliops fee.
luirano it the molt eonliderable, next to
ihofc on which Venice (lands.

Lahn, a river of Germany, which
rifes in Heffe-Caflcl, and flows by Mar-
burg, Wetzlar, and Naflau into the
Rhine, above Coblentz.

Lahn, a town of Silefia, in the prin-
cipality of Jauer, near which is the
caftle of Lahnhaus- It is feated on the
Bobcr, 10 m NNw Ilirfchberg.

Lahnlm, a fcaport of Sweden, in Hal-
land, with a cafllc ; leated on the Laga,
near its entrance into the Categat, la m
ssE Halmftadt. Lun. iz 56 e, lat. 56
31 N.

Lahore, a province of Hindooftan,
bounded on the w by Candahar, N by
Calhmerc, e by Sirinagur and Delhi,
and s by Moultan. It is often called
Panjab, or the country of Five Rivers.
It is extenfive and fertile ; affording, in
addition to all the necefTaries of life,
wine, fugar, and cotton wool. In the
trad between the Indus and the Chclum
are fait mines, which afford pieces of
rock flit, hard enough to be formed into
vofll'ls, &c. See Panjah.

Lahore, a city of Hindooftan, capital
of a province of the fame name, and
of the country of the Seiks. It was the
refidencc of the Mohamedan conquerors
of Hindooltan, before they had cfta-
bliflied themfelves in the central parts
of the country ; and owes its modern
improvements to Humaioon, the father
of Acbar, who made it his refidencc
during a part of his iroubleibme reign.
The city and its fuburbs are 7 m in cir-
cuit. It is fnrrounded by walls of brick,
and adorned with beautiful edifices
and g.^rdens. Here are manufa(ftures
of cotton cloths and ftuffs of all kinds.

und of very
lituatc on ih
J 10 r.« s Cafl
Lon. 71 4X

Lahr, a to
principality o
Her.

Lahr, a tc
fituate on th
Friburg.

Lniiio, a tc
Citra, near a
m w N w Cafl

Lajoon,
province of N
of the Cafpia
Lai-tc/ieoUf
firft rank, ii
tong, with a
Yellow lea.
255 m SK Pe
37 y N.

Laland, a
in the Baltic
which it is l"e
nel. Naxko
Lalang, an
the ifland of
Malacca. L
Lambach,
ssw Lintz.

hamballe,
department <
good trade i
ment, n m 1
hamhayeq
Peru, with »i
ants, the gen
Spaniards, 9
is I TO m NN^
lat. 6 45 s.

Lambefc, \

department

9 m N Aix.

Lambeth,

river Tham

Here the ar

an ancient p

of buildings

the metropc

of the three

of inhabitan

Lambourn

a market on

the fame nai

65 w Londo

Lamego, i

and a bifhop

two cathedr,

vents. Here

firm the ele<

the firft kin|

ttie fundami

LAM

jtnd of very curious c.irpclfl. It is
lituate on the s bank of tlif Rnuvcf,
aio r.i s Caflimcrf, and ago nw Ucllii.
Lon. 7a 4H '•» '"It- ^' « N-

La/}r, a town of W< (Iphalia, in the
principality of Munfter, la in aw Mun-
Ucr.

Lahr, u town of Su;ibia, in Brifjiuu,
fitnate on the river Schuitor, 19 m n
Frilv.irg.

Jjrthio, a town of NapU'8, in Calabria
Citra, ntar a river of the fame name, 19
m WNw Caflano.

La/oon, a t()wn of Perfia, in the
province of M«;/nnd«'ran, near llie coaft
of the Cafpian li-a, so m e Rcfht.

Lai-lchcou, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in the province of Chang-
tonp, with a convenient harbour on the
Yellow ll-a. It Hands on a p'-omontory,
255 m SK Peking- Lon> 119 46 t, lat.

37 y N-

l.aland, a fertile itland of Denmark,
in the Baltic, lying w of Falfter, from
which it 18 I'eparated by a narrow chan-
nel. Naxlfow is the c-'''al.

J^a/angtan illand, near ihe N coaft of
the idand of Sumatra, in the (Irait of
Malacca* Lon. 99 20 e, lut. i 45 n.

Lambachy a town of Audria, 24 m
ssw Lintz.

LambalU, a town of France, in the
department of Cotes du Nord, with a
good trade in cattle, linen, and parch-
ment, II m ESE St. Brieuc

Latnhayeque, a town on the coaft of
Peru, with upward of 30,000 inhabit-
ants, the generality of whom are poor
Spaniards, Mulattos, and Indians. It
is I TO m NNW Truxillo. Lon. 79 35 w,
lat. 6 45 s.

Lambefct a town of France, in the
department of Mouths of the Rhof e,
9 m N Aix.

Lambetht a town in Surry, on th?
river Thames, oppofite Weftminfter
Here the archbifhop of Canterbury has
an ancient palace. By {he vaft increafc
of buildingR, Lambeth is now joined to
the metropolis, in a dire^ion to each
of the three bridges ; and the number
of inhabitants in 181 1 was 41,644.

Lambourn, a town in BerkJhire, vvilh
a market on Friday, feated on a river of
the fame name, 15 m sw Abingdon, and
65 w London.

Lamego, a city of Portugal, in Beiva,
and a bilhop's lee, with a ftrong citadel,
two cathedral churches, and four con-
vents. Here theftateBaffembled 10 con-
firm the eledtion of Alfonzo Henriqutz,
the firft king of Portugal, and cna<5kd
the fundamental laws, now forj^otti-n.

LAN
It i.i fiMtc«l on the Doiiro, $0 m t>

O|)iiit0. I-'i;). 7 30 w, l,\t 4i 12 N.

I'aiuermuir, a lUountauifiUR ridge if>
Scotland, wliiih divides the county of
I'erwitli fiom that of Iladington for
above ao ni.atul terminatcH on the w ut
Sontra hill, wiiich i-* elevated 17 16 feet
above the fea. Thele hills an- bleak
and barren, aflbrding but fcanty pafture
for fhc«p.

Ltimlajh, a lofty illand of Scotland, in
Butt'lhire, near the sl UJe of tin- ifl.- of
Arran, oppofite Kilbride. It ('Xtends 3
m, and on the w fide forms a ftmicircu-
lar bay of its name, which is ont> of the
fafcft harbours in the univerfe, for vef-
fels of any fize. I' is fometimes called
Molas, and the Holy Ifli.', from havinp
been the retreat of St. Maol Joi, whofc
cave, well, ^c. are ihown to ftrangcrs.
The ifland is one vaft mountain, in great
part covered with heath, and invcfled
with vipers; uut along the fule of tlie
bay has fufFicent pafturc and arable land
to fupport the few inhabitants, who
live in a village of the fame name. Lon.
4 55 w. 'it. 55 3.3 N.

Lamo, an ifland of Africa, on i\\v.
coalt of Zanguebar, tributary to the
Portuguefe. The capital, of the fame
name, is well fortified. Lon. 40 24 e,
lat. a o s.

Lampa, a town of Peru, capital of a
jurifdidion, in the biOiopric of Cnfco-
The country is in I'ome parts very fer-
tile, others unprodudtive ; but lilver
mines are abundar.t. It is 130 m s by
w Cufco. Lon. 7a o w, lat. 14 56 s.

LampedoJ'a, an ifland in the iV'Jedittr-
ranean, between the coaft of Tunis and
the ifland of Malta. It is ai m in cir-
cuit, plealimt and fertile, though not
inhabited ; but it has a good harbour,
where (hips v^atcr. Lon. 12 24 e, lat.
35 40 N.

Lamport, a town of Sumatra, capital
of a diltrid bclon^cing to the king of
Bantam. The Dutch have a refident
here. It is fituate on a bay of the fame
name, in the ftrait of Sunda, 180 m sk
Bencool«:n. Lon. 104 15 t, lat. 540 k.
Lampfaco, a town of Afiatic '1 urkey,
in Natolia, celebrated for its wine;
feated on the ftrait of Gallipoli, nearly
oppofite the town of Gallipoli.

Lamfpringe, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, in the piincipality of Hilderftieim,
fituate at thefource of the rivulet Lame,
17 ni s Hilderlhcim.

Lancq/fjirct a county of England,
bounded on the n by Cumberland and
Weftmorland, e by Yorkftiiie, 8 by
Cheftiire, and \v by ilie liith fea. It is

rii

1:

■'*;

'I

^i 'J

LAN

74 m from k to s (incliulinp ,•» dctnchcd
huiulucl on thf Nw, called Fiirnefs,
which is (ir'>arat»(l from the nd by a
creek, at thf h«'ad of Morccambe bay)
and its K''<'^t*^'^ breadth is 44 m. It
contHiiis 1,1551840 acrts; is divided into
fix hniKJrcds, and ^>9 p.irilhes; has 37
maikct-towiiH ; and fi iids 14 members
to p.irli.iment. The niiri'ber of inhabit-
ants w, 18 672,7)1 in 1801, and 818,^09
in 181 1. It is a county-palatine, under
the tii'eof the Duchy of Lancalter; the
only duchy of England (that of Corn-
wall excepted) which is not merely
titular. 1 his county compriies a va-
riety of foil and face of country ; but
upon the whole, is one of thufe which
are the lead fivoured by nature. The
hundred of Furnefs is a wild and rug-
ged itjiioii, ftxred with quantities of
iron-on.' and Hate, and covered with a
jjrowth of underwood, which \» cut in
fucceffion, nnd made into charcoal. The
E part, between the Kibble and the
M^rfey, compriHng the ancient forefts
of WyrelUale and Howland, is moun-
taiiiouii and generally b uren ; but the
s pait of the tradl between thefe two
Tivers is flat, quite from the fea to the
commenctmcntof theridgepalledBlack-
ftontdee, which leparates the county
from Yorkfliire. Much of this is a fer-
tile country, though occalicmally de-
formed by black turf bogs, here called
mofll-a; fbmc of which are of large ex-
tent, and impaflible in wet feafons. In
the NF. part of this dlvilion are feme
lofty hills, the mott noted of which is
Pendle hill. The remaining part is
varied with hill, dale, and moor- Lan-
cafhire is little adapted for a corn coun-
try, but is Angularly fitted for the
growth of potatoes. Among its pro-
du(ft8 is a fpecies of coal, called cannel,
fa: exceeding all other, not only in
making a clear fire, but for being capa-
ble of being manufactured into candle-
fticks, cups, ftandiflies, fnnfF-bc)xes, &c.
As a commerrial and manufacturing
tfounty, it is fuperior to any other in
the kingdom. Its principal manufac-
tures are linen, filk, and cotton goods ;
fuftians and counterpanes, Ihalloons,
bays, ferges, 'tapes, hats, canvas, fack-
ing, pins, iron goods, plate-glafs, &c.
Of the commerce of this county, it may
fuffice to obferve, that Liverpool is the
iecond port in the kingdom. The
principal rivers are the Merfey, Irwell,
Ribble, Loyne, Levtrn, Wyre, Hoddcr,
Roche, Duddoi,, Winfter, and Ken ;
and it has two confiderabie lakes, Win-
ander-merc and ('onifton-mere. It has
alfo numerous canals, and the honour

LAN

of exhibiting the firft regular one in the
kingdom, which was begun by the duke
of Bridgewatcr in 1758.

Lancajhr, a borough and the capital
of Laiicafhire, governed by a mayor,
with a market on Saturday. It is featetl
on the Loyne, or Lune, which forms a
port for vclfcls of moderate burden,
and over it are two ftone bridges.
Along the river fide is a fine quay, alfo
yards for ihip-building : and a canal,
from Kendal, winds rounds the e part
of the town, which is conveyed over
the river by an aqueduct of five arches.
The number of inhabitants was 9030 in
1801, and 9147 in 181 1. The church
is a fine firuCture, on the fide of a hill,
on the fummit of which is a noble
caftle, ferving both as the (liire-houfe
and the county-gaol. Here are alfo a
neat chapel, feveral meeting-houfes,
and an exchange- On the top of the
caftle '"* a fquare tower, called John of
Oaunt's Chair, whence there is an ex-
tenfive profptCt. Five m from this place
is Dunaldmill-holc, a cave at the foot
of a mountain, into which a large brook
runs and pafles » m underground before
it appears again : fome of its vaults are
fo high, that they refemble the roof of
a church, and in other parts fo low,
that they can be pafTed only by creeping
on the hands and feet. Lancafter car-
ries on a confiderabie trade, efpecially
to the W Indies ; is noted for the
making of mahogany cabinet ware ; and
hat manufactures of canvas and coarfe
linens. It is 66 m s Carlifie, and 240
NNw London. Lon. 2 56 w, lat. 544N.

Laticajhr, a borough of Pennfyl-
vania, c<ipital of a county of the fame
name, and the largeft inland town in
the United States. Befide fix churches,
and other public buildings, it contains
a college founded in 1787, called Frank-
lin College. Here are manufactures of
guns and other hardware ; and the in-
habitants, about 5000, carry on a con-
fiderabie trade. It is feated near Co-
neftogo creek, which runs into the
Sufquehana, 58 m w by n Philadelphia.
Lon. 76 ao w, lat. 40 3 n.

Lancajier, a town of the ftatc of
Ohio, capital of Fairfield county. It
is feated on the Hockhocking, 50 m w
Marietta.

Lancafter i a town of MafTlichufets,
in Worcefter county. In the vicinity is
a quarry of excellent ftones for tombs,
and the bed flatcs for houfes. It is
fituatc on a branch of the Naihau, which
runs into the Merrimac, 14 m n by E
Worcefter, and 35 wnw Hofton.

Lancerota, one of the Canary ifles, 30

m long am
and has .1 '
Lon. I \

l.anc'uiti^
/o Citra,
in fimous
and feated
i; Naple:i.
Landciu,
the depar
I'/oi ii. ^va
the iH-xt y
j'lirrcudcvi.
longed to
again fell
to whom
In 17 1 4»

179.? '^^ ^'•
and Priifl
f.jatcd on
and 4.5 >^
Aa I a N-
Lunch
drdc of
Waldcck
LanJi"
the dncb^
Huhnv

Latitl^n

an emini

atraubint

Latulf

in Braba

by the Fi

and for

Aultvian;

feated on

Lande

departm

Elhoni,

I.atuh

the pvin

the sw <

7 m Nii

Land

eluding

taki;s it

called I

of the

jaody c

• and th<

corks a

capital

Lan

the d(

fieged

It was

a fev<

after

Frenc

m Eb

lencie

La

nt'ie,

IP in the
\hc (Juki!

LAN

m long and lo bro.ul. It is vcy lilgli,
and has a n lod h.irbour at the >.'r: end.
Lnn. I ? 26 w, hit. iq 14 :i-

I'anc'uiiiot \ towi; ol N iplcs, in Abrii/-
zo Citra, and an arcMiilliop's let;. It
iu fimous fur two ^rt-U aiiiiual fairs
and fcatt'd on the Ftiirino, 100 111 n by
j; Napir:;. Lon. 14 <;o Ef lat. 4i iH v.
Landau, i ftroun t wn of rrnu-c, in
the ilcparttnciit of Lowii- lUiiiu'. lii
I'lQi ii was tnl^eii !</ the Anllrians, and
tlie iM'xt year retaken by the Frciicii- It
fiirreiidcrLd to the allici in 170.), .wu! be-
longed to Aiiftii.j till 171.^. when it
again fell into the haiuls of the iMcneh,
to whom it was ceded, with itH dillrict,
in 17 r4, by tlic tnaly of liidcti. In
179.3 it was :itt:ir,l;e(l bytiie Aiiltiians
aiul Prn/Tians, v/itiiout fiiccefs. It is
f'.atcd on the Qncicb, ^o m wsw Spiii-,
and 4.} NNE SUMlbiii'f. I. on. 8 7 k, lat.
>| 9 12 .V .

I'cvidaKi a town of G< rmniy, in tlie
circle of Upper Rhin«', and coiiniy of
W.ildceic, i) ni Nh Cortj.ieli.

Lanilauy a town of I,ower Saxony, in
the; di:chy of Urunfwick, feated on the
Uiilmii*, 13 m liNK Gottingcn.

Landau^ a town of Bavaria, fituate on
an eminence, by the IfiMi 15 rn sse
Straubingen.

LatuUn, A town of the Netherlands,
in Brabant, famous ('or a battle gained
by tht! French over the MUicti, in 169.] ;
and for a battle in 179,3, in which the
Anrtrians defeated the French. It is
Icated on the Becke, j3 m Ebi; Lonvain.
Landernnu, a town of France, in the
department of Finiftevrc, Hated on the
Eihorn, •;o in ne Bre.T:.

LandtroH, a town of Swifretlaiiu, in
the principality of Neuchatei, lituate at
the sw extremity of the laiie of liifnne,
7 m N'lc Neuchalel.

Landts, a department of France, in-
clnding the lite terrii )ry of Martini. It
taki.'s its nanr.'from a diftri(5t,herttofore
called Landes, extendiiig alon.q the coall
of the bay of Bifcay. It iii a banc-n
i'aady country, covered widi fern, pint.'.;,
and the ho!m-trte, of the har'c of wliicii
corks are made. Mont de Marfan is the
capital.

Landrecxf, a ftrong town of France, in
the department of Nord. It was be-
fieged in vain by prince Eugene in 1 7 1 2.
It was taken by the allic;; in 1794, after
a fevere bombardment ; i>m rtiortly
after the garrifon furrcndcred to the
French. It is feated on tlie Savnbre, 18
m E by s Cambray, and 19 b by e Va-
lenciennes.

J'andriano, a town of Italy, in Mila-
nelc, II m sse Milan.

LAN

Landjlfrt;, a town of Bradcidjurg, in
the New mark, with a conlidnabic
ir.ide in ciotl's a'ld wool. In 1758 It
was taken by the Riidians. It is feated
on the U'arta, j) m ni: Cultun.

L,t)i,iji>.'r^, a town of Bav.iria, with a
riflic on ttii front icrH of Su.ibn, near
the river h eh, 23 m s iVn^fburg.

I.iind/i'-o)!, a f.irtifietl feapoit of Swe-
den, in .Sclionm, feated on an illaiid,
nrar tlu' S.uiid, \\\ h a good hirbonr
bftwicn thf eont ;i' nt and a fniall il-
land. It is io rn \w Lund, and 21 nnk
Copenhagen. Lon. 1 ;. 51 i.lif. 55 53 N.
LaKuljl roil, a town and lort of 1' )iaiid,
ill liii: palatinate of Cr.icovv, ^4 m a
Cracow.

Lrt/id Irnii, .1 fort of France, in tlic
depirtineni of Uppt-r Rhine, fiittd on
an cmiihucc. on tl)c bonlfrs of SwiU'cr-
l.nul, ,• rn .w Btlll.

Ln'idffnd, a promontory in Corn-
wall, the mo'l wclbrly point of Great
Hiiiaiii. Il i ..I vail a>,'g' ^^ale of niooi--
Itonj, and on tl.e «)iiienrio(t rocks at low
water are to b; i\x\\ voiiis of lead .ind
copper. I^oii. 1; 41 w, lit. 50 4 s.

LandJIjut, a town of liiv.iiia, v.iiLlr a
palace, a collej'iite chnreli, and a *)ejii-
tifiil convent. Upon an luljaciiit inonn-
tain is the ancient calile of Tranlnitz.
It is ftatcd on an illand m the river Ifei',
35 m NE Munich. Lon. ii ii e, lat.
48 ,30 s,

iMndJhut, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Scliweidnitz, with a
doniilhing linen trade ; leatcd on the
Bobcr, zx m s-w Schweidnilz.

Ln>:dJ?}utt a town of Moravia, feated
on the Morau, (^n the confines of Hun-
gary and Auftria, .36 m sk Bru'in.

Laudjlrufs, or ha'uitmjt, a I own of
Germany, in Carniola, with u caftleand
a Ciltercian convent ; fituate on an if-
land in the riv<rr Gurk, 30 m ?si- CiUcy.
Lofi-rri, a bu.oiigli ot Scotland, and
the couiity-L'wn of Lanerkthire, fented
on an emiiu'r.;;e, near the riv<'r I'iyde.
The iilQ of its ancient calUe is n »w a
bowling-grei-'n. Since the nurod'idlioii
of the cotton manufadui'e, inuiy new
lionfos havebecn built ; and near it , (.n the
bnnks of the river, is the villige of Ncv/
luTii'^rk, where are large coUon mills.
The number of inhahitar.is including
the village) was 469* in 1801, and 5667
in 181 r. Il is a; in sk Glalgow, and
.30 "^w Edinburg. Lon. 3 43 w, lat. 55
41 N.

Liinerk/Ijire, a county of Scotland, 48
m long and 30 b'oad ; bounded on the
N by Diinibaitonfhire, k by the counties
of Stirling, Lnilithgow, Edinburg, and.
Peebles, 6 by Dumfriesfliire, and w by
aC

^H&

W;

LAN

tho lliircs of Ayr and Ui utVew. Ft i«
divided into 41 parillicD' Thf niimbcr
of inhabitants WUM i46/)()9 in iHji,.iiid
191,75: in iHii. It Onds 11 mcmbf'rto
parliament, Tin* river Clyde run«
throti^b the whole rxn-nt of the coim-
tyi dividing it iiiti) two mnly tcpial
parts ; the louthcrii put :\ inoiiiilniniuiH
didrid, gi-nerally cdlul Ciych-rdale. It
abounds in lead, inm, and coal. The
princip;il plac- is Olalgow.

l-ii>u'jl.orot4x/i< a boronjjh of Ireland,
in llif county of Lonnfurd, iitiute un
the Shannon, S tn bw Lon^'ford.

Lnnj^anico, tlir ancient Olyinpia, a
town of European Tiukty, m Mon a,
fituate on the (mall river (.iibon, the
ancinit Alpheiia. It was once a city
of great note, near which the famous
Olympian games were celebrated ; and
hen' was a fine temple of Jupiter
Olympus, with a celebrated iin;i};e of
that gi'd, 50 cubiis high, whicli w;ih
reckoned one of the ftvcn woudern of
the world. It is now an inconliderable
place, 3: m ;.i Chiarenz.i, and 60 sw
Corinth.

I-anfreac, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Loire, Ceaied nc.ir
the Allier, among mountains, 11 m 3
by K Briondc.

Laufreais, a town of France, in the
department of ludre and Loire, featcd
on the Loire, li m w Tours.

Lanjiielandu an ifland of Denmark, in
the s part of the Groat Kelt. It is '3,3,
m long, bnt fcarcely .15 broad, and pro-
duces plenty of corn. The principal
town is Rudkioping.

Lanf^enhcrf^, a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Hohenlohe, wi-th a
caltle; featcd on the Jaxt, 13 m s
Alerpentheim.

huKgenfalza, a town of Upper Sax-
ony, fometimes accounted the capital
of Thuringia, with a caftle, a college,
and two churches. The environs are
pleafant, and it has noted manufadlures
of fluffs. It ftandH on the Salza, near
its conflux with the Unftrut, 17 m w
by N Erfurt. Lou. 10 43 e, lat. 51 5 n.

Langenthal, a town of Swiflerland,
in the canton of Bern. Here are three
annual fairs, at which great quantities
of linen, as alfo cattle, chcefe, and grain,
are Ibid. Near the town are fome me-
dicinal fprings. It is 10 m e Soleure,
and 18 NE Bern.

LangenzeriHi a town of Franconia, in
the principality ofAnlpach, on tneil-
vcr Zemi, and near the Rednitz, 30 n:
NE Anfpach.

Langholntf a town of Scotland, In
Duinfricsihire, with an extenfive cotton

T. A N

mannladliire; fcatfd on the F(k, 1^ m r
by N Dumfrirs, and j8 n by w C.trlifle.

I.tmxionf, a city, dctmetl by fome the
capital, of the kingd«)ni of L.io. H has
a magnificent royal palace, and (tands
on a fmall river, :<qo m nnw Lanjan.
Lon. 101 IS I', lat. 11 \o H.

l.tingui^nff a town of Fr.mce, in the
department of Lo/ere, ai m Nt Mcnde,
and x\ ^^ Privas

Lant^on, a town of I'rance, in the de-
partment of CJironde, fe.iicd on the
Garoiuie, 15 m N Ray as.

l.ang/'srt, .1 town in Somerfetflufc,
with a m.trket on ^;lto^day ; feaied on
,) hill, by the river Pirrt-t, which is na-
vi^iable for biirgts, 10 m sh Hridgc-
water, and iiH w by s London.

LamrrfSf a town of France, in the
departuieiit of Upp«'r M irne, and lately
a bifiiop's i'uv. It has cutlery wares in
high clfcctn, and (lands on a mountain,
near the fonrce of the Maine, ^5 m sr.
Dijon. Lon. 5 19 ^■^ I'lt. 47 52 "•

L.angtitird I'ort, a flronp fort of Lnje
land, iiiuate on a liuuly point of land
on the Suffolk fide of ttie harbour of
Harwich, but within the limitsof Efllx.
At high-water it i.s furrounded by the
fea, and becomes an ifland nearly a m
from the fhore. It was crcifled for the
defence of the port of Harwich, and
has a garrilbn, under the command of
a governor.

l.angutdoc, a late province of France,
325 m long and ico where broadeit ;
bounded on the e by Dauphiny and
Provence, sKbythe Mediterranean, s
by Roufillon, w by Gafcony, and n by
Querci, Rouergue, Auvergne, and Lyo-
uois. It now forms the departments of
Upper Garonne, Aude, Herault, Gard,
Lozere, and Ardeche.

Lanjan, or Lantchatit a city and the
capital of the kingdom of Lao, at leafl
of the louthern part, to which it gives
name. It is the ufual refidence of the
king, whofi? palace is of vafl extent.
The houfesof the grandees and perfons
of condition are elegant ; but thofe of
the inferior people are no better than
huts. The priefls alone have the privi-
lege of building their houfes and con-
vents with brick and ftone. Lanjan is
fituate on the w fide of the river Mecon,
400 m NNW Cambodia. Lon. loi 38
E, lat. 18 30 N,

Lanmeur, a town of France, in the
department of Finifterre, 8 m ne
Morlaix.

Lannion, a town of France, in the
Qcpartment of Cotes du Nord, with a
trade in wine and hemp, 15 m w
Treguier.

lanntyt a
Ocpartment ot

l.nniinbHr:^,
capitil ot It n1
library comp:»i
nnd '" icidem
It Hands on tl
oppofite th*" •<
t;m -JN^ Alb

Lattvot a t(
jivcr Stun, 1

the f hy Chi
(Jambodia. an
ll is fnrroiuid
with forc(\s,
of excellent
irt in grnerd
being water,
from the ir^o
canals I'lom
from N to P,
Some writer
tv/ecn the n
call Laotchu
ern, which t
Chan. In tl
vages who g
fomewhat n
of Tonquin
abounds in r
cotton ; the
jamin and lj
wealth is fr
animal is no
than in this
are found in
.ir.d it has n
• I'hc Laos o
buft, of an
dilpofition 1
much addic
cipal occu
and filhing
merce, and
icligion, 1
much the
kingdom b
about the (
century,
according
Laon, 2
the depart
and lately
pal trade
is iL'ated c
Lon. 3 4:
Lapela
Douro e
13 m E t
Laplat
ed on tt
the Whi

SIIMiPilR"

I* Si m K

iCarlinc.

U h,i«
|(1 A.irids
Laiijan.

in tile
Mcndi",

|i tlicdi--
oii the

Iritfliitc,

I'.iu'd on

I'll is Da-

I)iid{:t-

Lan>i»y, a town (tf Ft.incf, In the
ilcpartmi-nt ot NortI, 5 m hk Mflf.

I.nnjinhiirr, a town of NfW YoA,
c.ipii.ti ot K' nfclicr count/. Here is a
WbrAxy compnny. incoipor.itrd in 177/;;
niul in .icjdriny, incorporited in \-;oh.
It Hands on the *■ tide oKthc Mndlun,
oppofitf tlK s branch of thff Mohawk,
cy m -IN'' Alhinjr. Lon. 74 8 w, l.it.

4^ 4.^ N.

Lanro, a town of Pi('dmont> on the
rivtr Stnri, u. m n\v Turin.

l,no, .1 !;iiiKd()m of Ali.i, bouiiflrd on
the N l>7 China, R by Tonqiiin, s by
Cambodia, and w by Siam and M'rmah.
ll is fiirroiindt (I by mountains, covered
with forcfts, whicij prcdiicf .ibuiid ince
of excellent timber ; but ihr country
ii* in general fl.tt, and the foil ft-ttile,
being watered by numerous rivulets
liom thf mountams, and a ntimbci* of
CJnalj I'lom the Mecon, which llo-,v;!
from N to s, throiij^h the whole reprioii.
Somt' writers make a dilMndioti be-
tween the northern part, which they
call Laotchu or L ictho ; and the fouth-
ern, which they call I^anjan or Liiit-
chan. In the mountains arc many la-
vages who go niiked. The climate is
fomewhat more temperate than that
of Tonquin, and more healthful. It
abounds in rice, fruit, honey, wax, and
cotton ; the principal drui^s are ben-
jamin and lac ; and a great fource of
wealth is from elephants teeth, which
animal is no where in greater perfedion
than in this country. Gold and lilver
are found in certain places of the river ;
.ird it has mines of iron, lead, and tin.
'I'hc Laos or Lanjans are well made, ro-
buft, ofan olive complexion, and mild
dilpolition ; but very fuperltitious, and
much addided to women. Their prin-
cipal occupation is tillinpr the ground
and fiihing ; for they have little com-
merce, and are averft tobufineft. The
religion, language, and manners are
much the lame as in Tonquin. 'ihiK
Itiiigdom became I'ubjedt toCochinchin.i
about the commencement of the prefeni
century. Lanjan is the capital, or,
according to fome, Langione.

Laon, a town of France, capital of
the department of A line, with 11 caftle,
and lately a biftiop'a fee. The princi-
pal trade conlids m corn and wine. It
is leated on a mountain, 77 m nk Paris.
Lon. 3 43 E, lat. 4'; 34 n.

Lajie/a, a town of I'ortugal. in Entre
Douro e Minho, leated on the Mniho,
i^ m E by N V'alenza.

/<a/>/<j«</, a country of Europe, bound-
ed on the N by the North fea, e by
the White lea, s by Sweden and the

LAP

f;idf of Bothnia, and w by Norway, ft
ies between 69 and 7^ n l.«t. com-
prehending, on the moft northern fide
i)f it, the Fro/en Alp^, or Alps of Snow.
Thrlt' Alps compofc the (iimmit of
tii.it chain of rrount.dnit called 8cv<.rnoi,
whole declivity tow r»! the K .ind »
eoiilidi of lower mountain', diferti,
foreftn, fenn, and l.ikes. Swedifti Lap-
land ocinipien the s divilion of thin
country, and is the largwll ; iti.ulivded
into livi- lapnnrks, or provinef«, IJma,
I'itlri, r.nia. Tornea, and Kinii, fo
ii.inn ll from rivirs, wbieh .ill flow into
llie gulf of iSothnia. Rnninn Lapland
form.H the f. par*-, .nul is ineliided in
ihi' }»ov( rnmi-nt of Archangel. Danilh
Lapland, which h the fmillell, extends
the wfiile length of the Sevtrnoi, on
their norihi-rn Itdr, forming t'le go-
vrnm<i t of VV.n'dhiiy'., in Norway.
Tlie i,.ipI,nHh r*: are of a middling
(latnrf ; ffo'if, ftrai 'I't, :\nA of a yel-
low ith ronrt'-xi-wi, occalioncd hy the
vvf.ither, the fino'te of th(.ir habit. ^tions),
.ind their h.Tbitual t'littiinils. 'I'hcy
hive j^enerally a fiuiilh fnc-e, fallen
cheeks, daHc );riy eye*, thin beard,
and brown Inir. T'l 'ir manner of
li!'- renders tlutn liar«.i>', apile, antl
lupple, l)iit ;it Ll',.' 1 ime time much in-
clined to l.i/inel".. 'I'liey are pea;' able,
obedient to ti.' ir fiiperiors, cheerful in
company, but nii'liiiftfnl, cheat;) in
commerce, and iVi proud of their coun-
try and conllitutiar., that whi.'U re-
moved from the placi. of thtir nativity,
they ufually die ct' the n;/laI|L;ii, or
longing to return. Their women are
ihort, often well made, coniplaifant,
chifte, .'itid of w'ak nerves; which is
alfo observable I'lmetimcs among the
men. The langu.igt? of the Lapland rsj
comprehends To many tlialedts, that it is
with difficulty ihey undtrlland each
other. The men are divided into
Filhers and Mcrnuaineers. The former
make their h«oitations in the neigh-
bourhood of fomt lake, whence they
draw their lubhftcnce. The o»hero
leek their fuppurt upon the mountains,
poflelfing herds of raindeer, which they
uie according to the fealbn ; but they
go generally 011 foot. They are very
induftrious her Jlmen, and are nich in
compari/oH of the Filhers. Some of
them poll'efs 600 or icoo raindeer ; and
they caltrat<; the luperfluous malts by
criiiliing the tefticlcs with their teeth.
The Lapland fiftitrs, who arc alio called
Laplandtr^ofthe woods (becaufeinfnm-
ni'jr ihey dwell upcMi the borders of the
lakes, and in wintt-r in the forelta) live
by fiihing and hunting, and choufe their
cC 3

f i*l

f

LAP

fltuiitinn from it» convenl-ncp for H«
th«-r Hrl'uK- louking Rl'icr tl>«-ir ruin-
deer, the liOury, and th« ctLicf, the
mi'n I'mpluy thcmlclvva in the con-
fit uClioii ul thcit c uiucH, uhich .irr \if,Ui
aiiil computet i tficy alio make ilt-dgcii
to which they givi' the t'oim ol n c.iiioc.
and h-irnrri for the reindeer: it it the
man'ii burinctV*, lilicwiftf, to lo()k .iftcr
the kitchen Thr « tiipicjyuieMt ol the
women conlillH in mikiii^^ ncu lor (he
flihery, drying nili and mt-ar, nitikiii}: thi*
raindt'cr, making chrcfe, and tanning
hidftf. The artiilcH o\' dnlH are thr
foltr Jalniur of tiic women ; ami tktv
alfo make fcveral utcnfiN in wood, i'ncn
as rui>«. bowls, 8cc. which arc fomt--
timi;» prettily t-arved !ntnttime« orna-
mented with l)oniH, 1)1 als, »ir luirn.
Tliiy prrpari' thi ikivi-h of the rain-
deei in iueh a manner av to make them
fcrve for •hrtad ; and draw hral-. wiic
by I'.'' h Ip of tht liornoof ihf raMultcr

?ierci'd, 'nlt'iad of a driu^ing iron
'hiy tiLliioid^T their cloihc" witli
br^N wire Oiv-r, (li.im gold, oi W' ol,
v/hioli t*uv have >hr art if ilying in all
foitsot n.;onis. 'J'ln (f people live in
huts in the form of tcnis, covered with
briat*. b.irk, linen, turf, coarfe cloth,
felt, or rati'det'r«ft.in'i ; and tlic tloor is
of tell, n^ade like two curtains which
open al'iindcf. Thiy are not able to
ftaiid upright in tli' I'c huts, but con-
ftaiitly fit upon tluii heeU round the
fijc- At night ;liiy lie down (juite
naked ; and, to fcparate the apart-
menlfl, pl.irc upright Jticks at fmall
diftances. Tlicy cover themfelves with
their clotlici*, and in winter put their
feet into a fur bsg. Their houfehold
furniture confills of iron or copper
kcttlto, wooden cip«, bowls, Ipo^is,
and fometiines tin or even filvcr ba-
fina: to thefc maybe added their im-
plements of filhing and hunting. That
they may not be obliged to carry fuch a
number oi things with them in their ex-
curfionB, tlicy build, at certain diftances,
In the forcds, little huts made like pi-
geon-houles, and placed upon the trunk
of a tree cut o/fat about the height of fix
feet from the root. In thefc elevated huts
they keep their goods and provifions;
and though they are never Huit, yet
are they never plundered. In their
drefs they ufe no linen. The men wear
cloth pantaloons, reaching down to
their fhoes, which are made of untanned
Ikin, pointed, and turned up before.
Their doublet, or clofe garment, is made
of fliecp-lkin, with the wool on, the
woolly fide being inward : it has a high
collar, made ftiff v.iih cloth neatly

LAP

worked with diff. riMif coloured thrcidi,
and ixten«liiij: a little way down tl;c
bread. Over ihix they wear a loolr
coat of coarlie cloth, or of the (kin of
the riindecr, t'lC (kirtt of which reach
down to the kiut h. and it ii fiftent-.l
round them by a Icatlirrn H''dU, orna.
menttd with plates of tin o bralV. 'I'o
thi'« gii M 'hey tic their knivi-., their
itilliiimeni r getting fire, and their
fri oliing a| iiatuh. 'Their clothes an:
always bnrd' .,,d with fur, or clofh ot a
dilftrcnt colour. Their cap^ are olu
conical foim, generally nia«le of four
piece* of r« d kerl'ey tloth, and tlr- four
(i'lmrt adorned uith Jilt* of a yellow
coli'iir : Oil the top ot th^* rap iii fixed a
tadt 1 o!' (lircflH of diifcrcnt coloured
cloth ; and tlit. lower part hai* a border
offur. The Uiifli. 01 I, ipl.indc's gene-
rally border their cap* with en. line.
The w<4men wear pantaloons, llioes,'
doublets, and cloio coats, like the
men; bu' tluir girdl." is commoi.lytm-
broidiTcd with braf* wire. HJldr
thtr', ihey wear ktrcliiifH, and little
apr-iiis, made of Kiifl'ian p. tinted clotli,
riiij.:s <m Iheir fingeis, and ^arrings, to
whii;h they fonielimes hang cliains of
filver, which pals* ;wo or three times
n>iiiul the neck. They (oniclimes
wear caps folded after the iiianner of
turhann, and fnmt times caps to the
(liape of the head ; bi>t all an* crna-
nu'iited with the tn\br()ii!rry oi' la alii
wire, or with lid of diffi rent colours.
Sterility is a ivproach among the wo-
men, 'ihey arc generally delivered
without difllculty; the hufband allifts
at the labour, and affords his wife the
nccell'iry help. Their cradle is fmall,
light, and m.ide in tlie fliape of i canoe ;
and, in their journeys, the women
carry it at their backs. Th-.-ir wed-
dings are kept at the bride's houfc,
who appears with her h( ad cjuite un-
covered, which, at other times, is never
the cullom with either women or n.ai-
dens : the fcaft is a kinil of club-mefs,
to wiiich each of the guefts brings
meat and drink. Their diverfions at
weddings and other merry-makings,
is the game of fox and geefe ; they
wreftle, and jump over a ftick ; and
are fond of giving grotef(|ue acc(>unt.s
of different adventures. 'Ihey likewifi;
dance and fing, or rather howl in
difagreeable meafures. The raindeer
fupply the Laplanders with the grcateft
part •f their provilions ; the chace and
the filhcry furnifli the reft; but the
flefli of tb** bear is their moft delicate
meat. T.teir common drink is water,
Sometimes mixed with milk ; and they

.^fc fond of li

"with them.

traflic is with I

hilttice il ilwJ

landers t b«-cai

iVins aiul fui

cloth, .nul h.

iiviiicy, whuh

occafmn f«>' .

\fcll »• <'<«"^ I
think of vain •,

of death do tl

it i;l hidden,

want it ill "
Swedifli and
j^reatelf nuinh
irs, bear the
their religi<>;i
tian and pana
^flr, a cif^
II (I an, with a
ruins. Tlie i
in the midillt
by a wall, tl:
baz.ir in ftid
of the kind it
faflures of i
It is lituate
fandy loil, '
tj 40 E, lat.
Lurac/ift |
kingdom of
jrood harbou
the r.filting
building. 1
lightful ^arc
mi.nthotthi
I.on. 6 6 w,
Laredo, :'
with a B«K
Bifcay, 3®
Largtutii
department
Privas.

Larfiio, a
fliirc, on a
the opeiiiui
a harbour I
influx of tl
a manufail
is 9 m ssw

Largs,
fliire, witl
of Clyde,
feat of til
invaliou o
15 IT\ NW
Lariuo,
county of
Larlo,
Larijfa
key, 0 ipi
archbilho
Tome haiK

'I' \>n the
r .1 loofr
'»' flcin of

'"if <»rnn.

raf*. '!•„
'Vf», their

"ul llivir
■•'otiiei .iru
clofh of a
^ a re ol'u
'■ «'f four
I til- n,i„

a yrlNivv

coloured
f* -1 border
to gcnc-
•11. line.

II, /llOCB/
il'f the

rioi.lytin-
Uifide

Ilk! littlt;

'■'I c!ot!j,

rrings, to

clLiins or

nc limes

oniotimcs
"'.inner of
M to the

iii'i* rirna.
' of Lra(!j
t colours.
J the v/o-
dflivcrcil
iiid a/Iifts

wife the

is imall,

I canoe;

women
■ir ucd'
i hciife,
[iiite un-

is never

or iv.iii-
ih-mcfs,
I brings
fions at
lakiiigs,
■ .' they
k j and
^counts
ikewifu
owl in
lindeer
[rcatcft
cc and
Lit the
elicate
water,
ithcy

I. AH

are f'Hi«i of brand/, hut If U fcarce
with thrm. Tluir mod c >nndcMl)l«*
traffic i» with the Norwegi.uii, .md the
biiltncc if aiwaya in f.tvoiir of the f.ip-
j.itui^N ( iM'catili' they cm ftirnilli more
(kios and fuiA tlian thry liiiy llmir,
clotli, and hardware ko(hI'>- All the
m'lncyi which they have not immedi.ite
Dccurinn for, they luiry in thf earth, .ih
well ai their plate, am! whalevi r t'ley
think of valiii'. Nor evrM« at tlir* point
of death do th;*y decl.ire tin* (pot where
it 1:1 hidden, imaKhiiriK that th<-y lliall
want it in the other worl<l. All the
Swedifli and Norwrjji.M), ai well a» the
grcatell number ot the Knniiit Lapland
in, boar the name of CliriRiiiu; but
their relijiiori Ih a compound of Chrit-
tian and pa^an cercmoniex-

J^fir, a city of Pi'rfi 1, capital of La-
riftan, with a caltle on a rock, now in
ruiii9. The refuleiicc of the governor is
in t!>e mirldle of liie city, I'urrounded
by a wall, Hanked with towers 'I'he
bazar in fiitl to be the noblcft flru(flurc
of the kind in Perlia. Here arc manu-
faflureiof mulketu and cotton cloth.
It i» tituati* between mountaini, in a
fandy i()i!, 170 m 8 by c Shiiai. Lon.

f.^ 40 E, lat. »7 20 N.

Liirnc/if, or l.antijh, a city of the
kingdom of Te/, with a caftle and a
i'ood harbour. Here arc magazinei for
the r»?fitting of vefTcIs, but no docks for
building. The vicinity abounds in de-
lightful ^ardv.ns. It it) feated near the
mouth ot the Lucos, 46 m ssw Tangier.
Lon. 6 6 w, lat. .35 8 n.

I^aredoy a town of Spain, in Bilcay,
with a good barbour, on the bay of
Bilcay, 30 m wnw liilboa.

Largtntiere, a town of France, in the
department of Ardechc, 18 m sw
Privas.

Latf^Ot '1 town of Scotland, in Fife-
fliire, on a fpacious bay of its name, at
the opening of the fritlj of Forth, with
a harbour for Hiips of 200 tooo, at the
influx of the river Keil. The town has
a. manufacture of linen and checks, and
is y m ssw "t. Andrew.

Largs, a towa of Scotland, in Ayr-
fliire, with a fmall harbour 011 the fntli
of Clyde. It is memorable for the de-
feat of the Norwegi ;n3, in their laft
invalion of this country, in 1263. It is
15 m Nw Irvine.

Larhtoy a town of Naples, in the
county of Molife, 25 m ene Molife.

Lario, n lake of Italy. See Como.

Larijfci. a town of European Tur-
key, capital of ThefTaly, and a Greek
archbilhop's fee, with a palace, and
Tome handibnie moii^ucs. It was famous

L AK

«■ th» re ndrncc of Aeliillr«, and rrt lina
iti ancient namr 'f'l" iiih.ibitanti, rl-
tima'i'd at a^.ouo cirv on 4 large
tradi. ft in iea:«d on tfie Sdembn«,
till' ancirnf I'etieuv, 75 m ' by w 8«-
lonica L'>ii ii 4* >, lat <•» 4H n.

l-a>ijlant A Im ill nov" i\ of P- rfla,
bounded 00 the n by FaMllKin, r Uy
K'T nan, iti'l • iixl w by ihf gulf of

Petii I, It li the poor.ft irul Ic ill pro«

dut^live pioviticw* lit Herfia. Lar it the
capii d.

I.arnt. a town of Irel.ind, in the
courity of Ant'im, on a liv.r of the
fitne name, at im entrance into an Inlet
of the fei. called Larne Lough, H m if
Carrickfergim

Lanuca, or l-artife, a town of Cy«
prus, the lc« of a (»reck hilhop, and
tlie relideiice of levcr.il European con-
litis. See Sitlinfj.

Larry IlunJiir, a town of Ilindooftan,
on the N branch ot the tnduH, called
the Pitty, which is capable of receiving
fliipH of 200 tons burden. It in 56 mi
w by rt Tatta. Lon. 66 4) t, lat.
24 43 w.
I.arta ; fee Arta>

Larvii(en, or Laurivigen, a feaport
of Norway, capital of a county of the
fame name. It i* a place of coiilidcr-
able tr.ide, and itii iri)n-work8 are ef«
teemed among the moft viluable in
Norway. It (tands at the conllux of
two rivcru, near the fea, 5.^ m ssw
Chriltiania. Lon. 10 15 k, lat. 59 3 N.
LaJ'r.ebourg, a town of Savoy, 011 the
river Arc, at the foct of Mount Cenii,
the paflagc of which in the principal
fupport of the inhabitants. The fun ii
hidden from the inhabitanttt of this
town, by the mountains, during two
nionths in the year. It is ao m nnw
Sufa.

Lajfa, or Lahojfuy a city and the
capital of Tibet. It is not larjje, but
the hoofes are of Hone, Ipacions and
lofty. Seven m on the k fide of the
city is the mountain of Putala, on the
fnmmit of which is the palace of the
grand lama, the high prielt an<t fove-
nigii of Tibet. Lalfa is leared on a
Ipacions plain, on a river that flows s
into the Sanpoo, 680 m nnu Calcutta.
Lon. 9t 30 Ii, lat. 30 34 n.

La^an, a town of Hither Pomerania,
on a lake of the fame name, formed by
liie river Peene, 6 m ssf. Wolgalt.

Lajfay, a town of France, in the
department of Mayenne, 11 m enc
Mayennc.

Lajlreit a town of Spain, in Afturias,
near a cape of the fame name, on the
bayofSifcay, 3^ tn knb Oviedo.

l^^\{

11

K All

f >' in;tt, R town of 'he ktitj^ttom
(kt U"*t<>> ctpitii nf a JiiriritUMion of
thr tutuc niinr. It \v,is nr*rlv tl***
llrnyitt hy mi i'.ittli(|ii kc In i^i^^i
■rul mud ol' the iith.ihit.inti hirirU i.t
thu rulni. 'I'hf Itrrrti urc bioul ntul
llr»ight| the huiifiMi only nnr it'iry
hlKh, And nnhtit, htiitt with .1 kitui of
numicf. which nImiiiuU in tlir nviph-
DOiithotHl. (]rcit qiiiititirt of pork
urc l.tltt'd here ( iind In the vicinit? !•
m.ul- full' rfiUMrthni w.iiC' it ii 50 :n
H Ouilo. Lor. 78 ;o W| l.«t. I JO !t.

l.iitniia, the Niie'lnit I<aotlicc*i M
fc.tpnrt of Syri.i. nml a bi(hop» ffc It
hjt b'.iiitifui rcmuiiu of niuitiuity, .tnd
.1 coi.hdi'tnblo ti.uU'i • I'prcially in to*
b.i(*C()| though the harbour iit bccoiiu*
too (li.dluw fur Invgc vilIViU. It ll:uidi
oil the H (Idu of t fmall pfninriil.i, 75
ni 9w AUppi'. Loll. j4 JO I, Ut.
.^5 40 N.

l-iivalt a city of Fmncei capital of
the di'p.irtmcnt of Mayrniif, with two
cadlcs, ami latriy the lee of a liiOiop.
Jjiifti of All kindii ami (qualities in ini-
mira^lurcd here; and the nriglil)Ou:ing
quarries prodiircKi't'" '>i;"bU', or black
veined with whitr. It in ffatt'd 011 tl.i:
Maycnnc, 45 m w M.ins. Lon, o 45 w,
lat. 4H s N.

l.nviimundt 11 t«)wn of Germany, in
Caiintliia, fr.ited en the Dravc, 23
m K Cl.igintuit.

Lai'iitir, a town of Fr.ince, in the
department of Turn, and lately n bi-
fliop'« IVp ; fealed on thi- /\g()Ul, 20 m
tNH. Tonloiife.

luwbaclit a town of Germany, in
Wetieravia, with a callle, 10 m i: by a
Giffcn.

l.atiLach, or Layhach, a ftrongtown
of Germany, capital of ( arniol.i, and
latc'y an archhilliop'fl fee. The caflle,
c.illid the Old i'orf, ftand'i on a monii-
taiu, .inil i • now iil'ed only for a prifon.
It has manufae'tiiies of lilk, lealiier, and
excellent cloth ; and is feated on a river
of the lame n ime, 3X m si; Clagcnfurt.
Lon. 14 i,x, r, lat 4^ 11 N.

Laiihan, a walled town of T.iifatia,
on the frontiers of Silclia, with .a good
trade in cloth, y.irn, and linen ; feated
on the Qiiiefs, 14 n\ ksk ( orlitz.

laucliJloJt., a town of Upper Saxony,
in \iilnia, with a celclnated bath, 6 m
WNW Meil'chiirg.

Latulth a town and caftle of Fran-
conia, in the principality i-f VViirtz-
biitj:, fin the river Taubcr, aa m sw
Wurtzbiirp.

/ aurJi'r, a borough of Scotland, in
Bcrwicklhire. The caftle, built by Ed-
ward I us a fortr<^i8, is now the feat of

l.XV

ibe f 4rt of r. um!i niaku It It CnUA vn
the river l.aiiiler, ta 111 «r Kdinlnirt.

f..iVfU, or /.«/r/y. ii xillam* of the
NfthirUiidi*. ill thr t< rriiury of LIru'i'.
4 m w Murftricht A luttle wk« gj*"" d
hi*re by the Fierirh, in 17471 over \Ur
alliei, rtimmanded by the duke of Cuti.
beiland.

Liit'clh, X town of NapK'»i in ISanii*
cata, 6 in n Vetioia

/,0iifnburjft )i town of l.owrr Suxony,
ripital of i\ duchy of ihc fjnu* ii.iinc.
'I'bcie li only our wing left o( llur ar.-
clfiit cailK* will re the duke* rclid>'d
<ti -it qiMiiiiiir«of m«*i(-ltaiidife are lent
heiiiv* to l.ubtH.', by nicant of the
Stcck>:uit/.. It lt.lnd^ on the I'.lbe.U'low
the ii.ilux ui tlip 8teckenit/| 35 m rsi.
Ilatiibiirg. Lon. 1030 U, hit. 5j sa n.

/ nufttlurff, a town of Fiudier Po-
mcra'iia, c.ipital of a tiiiitoiy of tlii
i.imc 1 aine. It (lands 011 tl-.c Lcb.i. ucai-
ilie 0.'.ltic, 37 m w by N Daiitzic. Loti.
17 4H K, lat'. 54 J7 H.

Lu\'fn/ifun, .1 town in SiiOolk. wilh
a market on Tue|itay,aiul nMiiiifaOUirea
of hempen cloth and woollen y.irn .
(eated on a branch of the llrct, la m •.
by 1: Uuiy St. J.dmund, and 61 t>if
Loiuluii.

I.avrr.'), .1 town of Italy, In Milancf!',
neatly built and much vilited. Clofe to
it on the N rifeii a craggy irountaini
from which pour.s a coiiltant calc.idtN
It \a lituatt? on the r. iido of the wided
nait of the lake MiiKH'*""*'* 10 m w
» areii'i and ^4 NW' .Mil.in.

l.uutnjUin, a town ot Upper Saxony,
ill Mifiiia. Ii has mines of tin and
iron, and ftaiuh on the Moglit/, 17 m
sDicUlen.

Lavrnzoy a town of Italy, in the prin-
cipality of M.iflii, with acit.uM ; feated
at the month of the l.avMiy.i, on the
gulf of Genoa, 6 in w nw Malla.

l'OuJ\ a town of I'Vanconia, in the ter-
ritoi y of Nurenlnrg, leatid on the Peg-
nit/, y m t Nurenbeig.

l.uufftu^ a town of Bavaria, in the
duchy of Sal/burg, with a fine caftle,
leatciloiilheSal/a, 10 m NNwSalzburg.

Laujf'cn, a town of Suabia, in thr
ducliy of Wiiti'niberg, ti-ated on the
Ne'-kar, 15 ni n Stutgard-

I (uiffe)!, J town of SwiU'trland, in the
canton of HaicI, near ihc rivtr Birs, 12
m ssvv Hilt-l.

Luiijfcu, a town of Switzerland, in the
canton of Ziirii;h, with a caflle. Here
i.s a celebrated c.'itaia(it ot the Rhine ;
the perpendicular height of which i;i
about 60 feel, and the breadth 300. It
is 3 m s by w hchauifhaulen.

LuuJJ'euburg, a ftrong'town of Suabi;).

• linlntr^
|'K«; «>| fhv

«>Ur ilir

••; «»f Clin.

". ill Jafiii.

i'frHaxofiy,

•'> (li«f ai.

U'« relUfi«|

llil'v .irr (cut

MU of tlx

J'- J J S> N.

•iriluT Fo-

"ly of till
I-cIm, nil

>t/ic. Lull.

Hoik. wf(/i
>)iif»i.Mtii'r»
''II y.irn .
< t, i» m ..
"Ill 6i tit.

II MiLini-n-,
[1. Clolcto

mountain,
lit ciicid*.'.

tlio wiilcrb
I lo in w

I'l Saxony,
»f' lia .uid
r'it/, 17 m

iiihr'prln-
ilj featod
•I. on the

lla.

in tfir tcr-
I tlw Peg.

1.1. ill tlie
nc caaic,
^;«lzbur}<.
i» in thr
i on the

id, in the

Rks, 13

id, In the
'• Here
Rhine ;
I'hich i.i
}oo. It

Snnbiiu

LA U

•M ot the four Voteii'townt, with a
«•!!)«• It i« liJtrit uii a ruL'lit on the
KhiMt Mihkh diviilf« It in two parti.
UtTf U i Imjill iMl4r4if)i iiuti'd hr the
IjrAiiiy «>f ihr (ceinry. It U 15 m a by
N Hikl l,on H t », Ui 47 15 M.

i.rtu^filon, a vill.tir'' iti U Yoiklhlri',
on a hiKh hill, /» m » 111 Kothnliani It
ii nntrd for iti church, wholi* neat towfr
.in<l ipirc iiri' ftcn^t 60 m dillancc.

l.4iuiH)(»n, a town of Bavaria, in t()<*
trrTit«)ry of Niuiwrg, fcUed on the
DimiiIh', j in w I)illini;rn

I .avinj(li)m, a town in Wiltlltit , with
arnitrket on VVcdncrd^v, ao in nw 84-
liibury, and 90 w by n ^muluii'

Imvu, a town of Cfi-rm.my, in Tyrol,
at the conflux of the 1.4via with (lie
AdiKe, y m N Trent.

/<aunf^/f«n,» horoiif(h.irul thr rnunty»
town of t'Mrnw.ill,}{ovi'riic(l by 1 m.iyor,
with a m^ikrt on Saturday. It had .1
Aroti>( ciftlc, now in ruins, but the
tower fervci ai a prifon \ and a little
without ihr town (laiidii the old priory.
Thr (pring afll/ci are hrld here, the
fMintntT aliV/.t's .it liodmin or Truro.
Iltr** ii a fret'fchool founded by uunii
I'ilifabcth. The number uf inhabitant*
was 148/1 in iHoi, and 17,1^8 in 181 1. It
is fcated on the iulc of .1 hill, iit ar tlie
river Tamar, aM in n riymouth, and
314 w by s London. Lon. 4 21 w, lat.
.5» l8 N.

Launtj, a town of hohcmia, near the
river liger, 1 % in r. n v. S.ia/ .

Lavoro, Terro Ji, a province of Na-
plci. 6) m loN^ and 35 broad; bounded
on the w l)y Campagna di Uonia, N
byAbru/zo Ultra .uid Citra, v. I)y tlit-
county of MoliCc and I'rincipato Ultra,
and H by Principato Citra. It i« proper
for tillage, whonce it t(n»k itti n;imc, at >'
fertile in cxci'llent winrs and fruits.
There are alfo mineral I'prings, and
mines of fulphur. Naplt,!. in the capital.

Laitpen, a town of SwinVrland, in th(;
canton of Dern, at thf conflux of the
S.inncn and Scnfc, 6 ni sw Ik-rn.

Luurinijren, a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Wurt/burjr, on the
river Laur, 11 m nk Schwcinfurt.

Lauwif^y a fi'aport o( Norway, in the
province of Aggeriiuys, ami capital of a
county of its name. Thi> tr.idf is con-
nderjble, and its iron- works an- redcoii'
cd among the moft valuable in Norway.
It is fituate near the head of a bay, be-
tween theinflux of two livi-rs, 65 m ssw
Chriftiania. Lon 10 13 t , lat. 59 4 n.
I.aufanne, a town of Swillerland,
capital of the canton of Pays de Vaud,
and a biiliop's fee, with a famous col-
lege. It flands on a very uneven tra^

LAX

oftand. formrd by ihrre (mall hilU j

till* lufty p4rta afford x.uv nioii fublimc
vicwi ill nalorc. Th>- eUurch, the
townhouft', and other public ItuildiuKi,
are m«gittAei>nt. It ii ;| > m nr (Jcncv4|
.uul 41 vw B<*rn. Lun. 6 45 a, lat. 44

i.tiMiiH/>nrjf, a town of W Pru(na»
in the pjl4tiii.ite of Culm, 60 m a by •
Culm.

Luulirbatit, a town of Bohemia, in
the circle of Saalr., noted for excellent
tin-ntinei, •; m %flw (.',irlfb.id.

l.itultihMch, a town of Oermany, in
Upper'UcfTc, with a trade in linen and
woollen ctothii (rated on the Vogelf-
IwKi I j •» *• WW Fulda.

Lanl/rkruHH, a villagf of SwifTerlandy
in the canton of Bcin, 6 m a Intcria*
chen. it ii fcated in a romintic valley
of the Time name, cdebrati t for iti c.v
tar»(:t, called Staubbich, which ruthea
down a precipice i.}^n feet high with
fuch impituoiity, a» to refolve itielf into
a fine (pray, wnich, viewiil in lome fl-
tiiaticuis, relemltleH.i clt)ud of duft.

I'uuttrburjf, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Khine. It wat
taken by the Aultriani in I79^ It
(tindii on the Lauter, near it* conflux
with the >(hiiie, 10 m t.%t Weillen*
I'tirg, and 14 s Landau.

I.uutcriik, a town of Fr.incr, In the
ilep.irtmciit of Mont Tonnerre, lately
of (/.rinany, in the duchy of Deux
Ponts, fcated oil the Olan, 30 m n by
k Deux P«>nti.

Luuitita, a town of France, in the
dep.irtmint of Lot, io in aw Cahori.

Lauzun, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lot and Garonne, 15 m ni
M.irinande.

Lanvrrncet St. a large river of N
America, proceeding from Lake On-
tario, fiom which it runs ;'.'.)0ve 700 m
to\htr >;ulf of St. Lawrence, in the At-
Li'itic. ItB mouth !:; >;6 m wide ; ex-
tending from cape Uofier;, its s point,
by the w end of ilie ifland uf Anticodi,
to the N (hure It is navigable for (hipa
of war as fir a; Q'tebf-c, which is up-
ward of 400 m, and veflcis from Eu-
rope afcend lo Montreal, which is i6e
in further; a courle of navigation, for
large velleU, fuperior to any oth(;r river
in the world. Beyond Montreal it isfo
full of Ihoals and rocks, that it will not
admit large vcH'eis. It is here fome-
tiines called the Iroquois.

Lanvrence-kirky a town of Scotland,
in Kincardineihire, with a manufatflure
of linen, 8 m n by w Montrofc, and 16
sw Stonehaven.

Laxenboitrgt a town of Auftiia, with

, II

»44

I

' I

1. K B

n p.'il.Ke, IVntcd on tUi: Siicch.it, lo m
& V/eniia.

/j/iy^i/r/j ; fee lauhnch.

Ltft, .1 river that rifis in I'dlfiM-clfhlrc,
nc.ir l.uloii, Hows to Hcrtldid and
"W.i'i", and (liviJiri)' V.il't'X from Hcrr-
fordlhirc and Midillt'vx, fiiUTb the
Thimcf. bcl(nv IVackw.ili.

Lnhlhtlh, a villaj{(' orSroil,!! d, t8 in
fs l.iintrk, litiiate anud niuiiiit.iiiis. in
vvliicli in* vicli nune." of Ii.id. H<'rc ifi
a publiv- libiMrv. iitted up l>y tlu'tnincrs,
wl'o worU t'lily I'x hoiiriiin n day. and
cinr>N.V iniKM <»f llieir fi>;iri' t'Tie in
n-atiiiu/. It. IS I'lippoltd t'l lif thi- highcll
inh.ibitcd place in Britain, Leing about
aooa feet above tlie Icvoi ni thi; I'-a.

Lraminvton Prions a villn^e in W.ir-
vickfhire, on tlic river l.^Mmo, 2 m K
Warvviel;. Hero are fome falini- lprinji:s,
with warm and cold batiis, a pump-
room, ai:d good accommodatiuiis for
genlecl company.

Leco-toigt or Chen-yang, one of the
three departments of Ealtern Tartnry,
or country of the Mandihur Tartars,
who henci> entered and conqutrcd
Cliina. It 18 bounded on the s by the
great wail of China and the Yellow fca,
and cnclofd on the e, n, and w by a
palifide of (taki'r- feven feet high, with-
out either bank or ditch. CLen-yang,
or MoiiKcUn, is the capital.

Iicatherhcadn, a town in Surry, which
had t'ormtrly a market. Here is a
bridjce of \\ arches over thi' river Mole,
which a little above is laid to n^ake its
reappearaiict' above ground. It is lii
in 89 vv London.

LeHthes-cu'ater, or Thirlmere, a lake
in Cumberland, lying ssf ff Kefwick.
It is narrow and irregular, about 3 m in
Icng'.h, ikirting ihe foot of Ileive'lyn,
a'ld receiving numerous to' rents from
t.'iat huge mountani. 'J'hc fii;^:ular
beauty if this lake is its being almoft
inteife<ft<'d in the middle, ov.r which
pari there is a bridge. Its oud< t at the
N end j;>it!S the river Grceta, which
runs into the Deiwent, below .'vcf-
wick.

Leba, a town of Fur' her Pomerania,
en the river Ltba, which, after formiig
a hkc -.5 m in circuit, enters the Baltic
lea It is 16 m nn w Lauenburg.

^jchanou, a tow 11 of Pt-nntylvania, in
Dauphin cciinty, with two churches;
feated en Oiiitiphilli creek, zi m i-. by
N llarrifburg, and 80 :;w Philadel
phia.

LtlmKon, Xr<iU) a town of New
York, iti Dnchifs county, noted for its
medicinal fpring, 30 m nk Hudfon.

Lehlda, a town of Bavbary, in Tri-

poll, with an old cafth-. Hero arc very
t xli-nfive ruin . of the renowned city of
l,eptis, furrounihd by a lu.xuriant plain.
It is fcaliil on the Mediterranean, 85 m
u-^E Tripoli

Lt!'rixt!,w Lelr'tjuy ;i town of Spain,
ill AnJalulia, with .» callle, ieated in a
teiiitory abounding in olivt -trees that
produce the heft oil in Spain, 27 m s
by w Seville.

Lebht -i tmvn of Urnndtnburg. in the
Middl'' m.uk, (cated on tlie Oder, 5 m
N Frank ibrt.

LicciftUo, a town in the ftatc of
Genoa, .. , 1 , nf. Genoa.

I cere, a city of Naplc.i, in Otranto,
and a bilhop's fee. It is tlu' refidence
of the governor, and ComelimeB called
tlie capital of the province; and by
joine the province is called Lec<.v', in-
fle id of Otranto. It is 17 m NwOtranto,
and 195 tsK Naples. liOn. iSsoi.jlat.
40 36 N.

l.eccoy a town of Italy, in Miianefr,
feated on the e branch of the lakL*
Como, at its outlet the river Adda, 20
m NE Como.

Lecht '1 f'ver of Germany, which
riles in Tyrol, divides Suabia from Ba-
varia, anci enters the Danube belovr
Donawert.

Lcchlade, a town in Glouc .!Urllurc»
with a inarkct on Tucfday. A canal
from the Severn i'inii the Than -iS n.;ar
this town, and th traffic here, (.n both,
isconlideiable in chetfe, corn, and coal.
It is f(;ated at the conflux of the Lech
with the Thames, 28 m f. Iiy s Glou-
cctler, and 76 w by s i.nudon.

Lcthnicht a town of France, in the
dtpartinent of Uocr, lately of Gf.. any,
in the electorate of Cologne, 10 m ssw
Cologne.

LscluiitZi a town of Siltli;;, in the
principality of Ojipelen. Near it is the
convent of St Annenbcrg, much re-
forled to by pilgrims. It is feated near
the Oder, 17 m ssk Oppclen.

Leek, a river of Holland, which
branches (iff from the Rhine at Deur-
ift.de, and enters th.e Merve, 10 m E
Rotterdam.

Lectoure, a ftrong town of France, in
llie department of Gers, with a caftle.
It was lately an epifcopal fee, and is
fituate on a mountain, near the river
Gers, 17 m n Auch. Lon. 0 57 f,
lat. 4,3 56 N.

LcdhurTj, a town in Herefordfhire,
with a market on Tuefday. It is inha-
bited by many clothiers, and feated on
a canal, 13 m e Hereford, and 120 wnw
London.

Lede/ma, a ilrong town of Spain, in

Leon, f<a]

Lre, a rl
•he confi'l
Cork, belj
harbour.
Lads,
\orned by
Tueitl-^y
Ihe river I
trade has!
pulout« l|
priMcipall
Ihire, ani
.-vnd whitl
quant itiel
•within tl|
the leaft
that Inpl
about icl
eight toll
being mo
of the x\y
in that c
churches
a flouril
ibmc niil
and ievt
bourhoo

great qn

and Hul

the rivei

mains ol

groves c

containe

and 62,

hence t^

river th

with the

It is 2

w T-oni

heed

mond (

pahanr

N E Ki<

Lefih

marke

ture J

twif".,

net, ''

Lond<

Lee

in El

name

It is

Le

on tf

Li

L Fr

Leer

L

ther

near

'

v^^ftrii^i

of Spain,
I'Jted in a
tivts that
I' 27 m s

ftatc of

whicli

om Ba-

belovT

LEE

Leon, featcd on the '1 ormcE, 20 m sw
Sal.imanca.

Lfe, a river of Ireland, which rifcs on
ihf confint'8 of Kerry, and flows t to
Cork, bi'low which city it enters Cork
harbour.

Ltcds, a town in W Yorkfliire, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market on
Tufldny and Saturday. It (lands on
the river Airt-, and in a vale which
trade has n ndrred one of the moft po-
pulous (1 i>t3 in England. It is the
principal of tii.- clolhirig towns in Yorlc-
Ihire, and the mart for the coloured
and white broad cloths, of which vaft
quantities arc aiKl in its two cloth-hall?,
within the fj;ace of an hour, without
the lead confufion. The miiiiufuiilures
that liipply thcl'e two hails extend
about ic m to the s, 15 to th» sw, and
eight to th;: n and w ; the nrilxcd cloths
being ninftly made in the ntighbourhood
of the river .'■' ire, iiul the white cloths
in that of thi: ('aider. Ltecis haa five
churches and fevcral nieeting-houfes ;
;i flniivilhinR nianufaClurc of carpets,
Ibme niills for the cutting of tobacco,
and icveral potteries. In the ri'^igh-
homhood are numerous collieries, and
great quantities ot coal arc fent to York
and Hull. Three m to the nnw, on
the river Aire, (lands the venerable re-
mains of Kirkdal abbey, embowered in
groves of oak- Leeds and its liberty
contained 531162 inhabitants in 1801,
and 62,5,:^4 in i«ii. A canal pafTes
hence to Liverpool, bv which and the
river this town has a communication
with the Irilh fea aii'i the German ocean.
It is 22 m wbw York, and 192 n by
w I,onJon. Lon. i 34 w, lat. 53 48 n.

Leeds, a town of Virginia, in Rich-
mond county, on the n fide of the Rap-
pahannoc, 34 m se Falmouth, and 50
NE Richmond.

Le^fk, a town in Staftordlhire, with a
market on Wednelilay, and manufac-
ture > of [V.\i handkerchiefs, ribands,
twif;, and buttons ; feated on the Chur-
net, ai m K Stafford, and J54 nnw
London-

Leer, or Lc/ir, a town of Weftphalia,
in E Fried ind, on a river of the iame
name, which foon after joins the Ems.
It is II m sii Emden.

Lecrdai,\, a town of .S Holland, feated
on the I^inghe, 6 m ni: Gorcum.

f.eerort, a fortrel's of Weftphalia, in
E Frielland, feated at \he conllux of the
Leer with the Ems, 10 m E by .s Eniden.

Leers, or Liers, a town of the Ne-
therlands, in the territory of Liege,
near which a battle was gained by the

LEO

Frcndi, in 1746, over tlic allies, coni-
mandtd by prince Ciiarlcs of Lonain.
It is 4 m N Liege.

Leejhurg, a town of Virgini.i, c'liif of
Loudon county. It is 40 m nw AUx-
andria, and 55 tsK Wincheftcr.

Letjhurfr^ a town of N Carolina, chief
of Cafwell county. It is .30 m nw Hi.lf-
borough, and 95 w Halifax.

Leijbur;^, or Leejhiun, a town of
Kentucky, in Fayette county, on the
river Kentucky, 2c m w Lexington.

Leeuiue, a fovtil^ed town of the Nc-
therland,s, in Brabant, taken by the
allies in i7o,';. It is feated in a morafs,
on (lie liver Gecte, 12 m e Louvain.

Lee^Mnrd Ijltouh, fr.ch of the Caribe
iflandsjin the Weft Indites, as commence
at St. Thomai, and extend iE to Do-
minica,

Lefuo^^a, one of the Ilapaee iflands,
in the Pacific ocean, vifited by Cook in
1776. Many parts of the country near
the fea are fandy and bar;\ n ; but in the
internal parts were large fpots covered
with the paper mulberry-tree, and plant-
ations flocked with plants and fruit-
trees. To thefe Cook made fome in-
creafe by adding melons, maize, &:c.
The ifiand is 7 m long and 3 broad.

Leghorn, or Livorno, a llrong city of
Tufcany, in Pifano, and a bilhop's fee.
It has one of the bed harbours in tlni
Mediterranean ; and the inhabitants,
computed at 40,000, carry on a great
trade. The ftreets are wide and ftraight,
and a.moft all the houfes of the lame
height. There are fo many canals, that
fome have given it the title of New
Venice. The Jews, who are numerous, '
have a hand fome fynagogue and fchonls;
the Greeks and Armenlanshavechurches
of their own ; and no religion is dif-
turbed. Near the harbour is a large
building, in which they (hut up every
night the Turks and the galley (laves.
At a little diftance is a lighthouie, on
a fmall illand. The trade confifts of
foreign goods, as cotton, lugar, cocoa,
ip'ces, fulphur, and alum ; and in home
produ(flions, as eflcnces, oils, wine,
(Iraw-hats, cloth, juniper berries, oran-
ges, lambs and goats (kins, and coral.
In 1 74 1, this city fuffercd greatly by an
earthquake. In 1796, it was entered by
the French, who were obliged to eva-
cuate it in 1799, but they re-entered it
the following year. It is 12 m ssw
Pifa, and 55 w»\v Florence. Lon. 10
25 K, lat. 43 33 N.

Lcgnago, a town of Italy, In Vero-
nefc, feated on the Adige, with a regu-
lar fortrefsj. The town is populous,

W\

\

m

d

LEI

and rarrics on h confidenbic tMdc,
pailicularly in grain, which ij facilitated
by means of a canal from t'.ie Adige to
t'': I'o. It riiirtiulcK d to the French
in ir96. It is 14 rn f.r. Vcioiia.

/..'i/jnitz, a town vf GtTinauy, in Sti-
ria, foatcd on the Sulm, i6 in b Gratz.

f.fici-Jfer, a town of MafTuimfcts, in
Wurcdtei- county, with an academy
and a confiderable mannfafturc of wool
cards, 6 m wnw Worcefter.

Lekfjier, a borough and the capital
of Leictftf rfliire, governed by a mayor,
witii a market on Saturday. In the
civil wars the walls were in a great
mciilnre dcmolifhcd ; the caftk' was
alfo difmaniled, the hjill and kitclicn
being the only parts that are left
entire, and the aflizes are held '.:!
the former. It has five churches, and
fcvcral meeting-houies. The c«)mbi!)g
and Ipinning of wool, and making it
into ftockings and otht-r articict), is the
chief bufinel's of this vown and neigh-
bourhood. A canal paffes hence by
Loughborough to the river Trent. At
a parliament held here, in the reign of
Henry v, was made the firft law for the
burning of heretics. In the meadows
near the town, arc the ruins of an
abbey, in which cardinal VV'olfey died.
Lciccfter contained 16,953 inhabitants
in ]8oi, and 23,146 in 181 1 Itisfeated
on the Soar, 28 m s by e Derby, and
98 NNw London. Lon. i K w, lat. 52
38 N.

Le'icejlerjhirey a county of England,
bounded on the n by Nottinghamlhire,
E by the counties of Lincoln and Rut-
land, s by Nortbamptonfliirc, sw by
Warwickfhire, and nw by Derbyrtiire.
It is 38 m long and 30 broad, containing
522,240 acres; is divided into fix hun-
dreds, anci 196 parifhes ; has 12 market-
towns ; and fends four members to par-
liament The number of inhabitants
was 130,081 in 1801, and 150,419 in
18 1 1. The chief rivers are the Avon,
Soar, Wreke, Anker, and Welland ;
and it has fevcral canals The li)il, in
general, affords great quantities of rich
grazing land, and is peculiarly fitted
for the culture of beans. Toward the
NW, the Bardon-hills life to a great
height ; and in their neighbou. hood is
Charnwood foreft, now chiefly enclofed:
further to the nw are valuable coal
mines. The ne part fee''' a girat
number of fheep; and the se put is a
rich grazing UwiX. Thif county is fa-
mous for its large black ho: fes and
horned rattle, as well as for its fheep ;
and for having bred every Ipecies of

L EI

domrflio qu.idrupcd to the ulmofl per
fe»5tioii of form and iize. The manu-
f u^ure of ftockings is the principal one
in the eounty.

l.d^h, a town in EfTex, on a creek at
the mouth of the Thames, oppofite the
\. extremity of Canvay iflaiid. It is
noted for oyfters, and has a good road
for (hipping. It is iV m ssE Chelms>
ford, and 39 k London.

Leighy a town in Lancafliire, with a
marlict on Saturday. It has fevcral ma-
nufactures, particularly of fine jt ns,
in imitation of thofe of India. It (lands
at th.-: head of the duke oi Bridgewater'g
canal, 9 m nne Warrington, and 191)
NW London.

Lti^tr/ilin, or 0/J Leijfhiiftt a borough
orTn'laiid,in thr county of Carlow, aud
the lie of a biflinp united with Ferns.
The cathedral ferves for the parifli
church. It was formerly a city, but i»
now a poor place, 9 m ssw Carlow,
and 12 N »•; Kilkenny.

f-eig/ilin 6ri/ige, a town of Ireland, in
the county of Carlow, on the river Bar-
row, 7 m 8 Carlow.

Leigh ton JSuzzard, a town in Bed-
fordfhire, with a market on Tuefday,
feated on the Lyflel, 18 m 8 Bedford,
and 41 NW London.

Lei/ia, a river of Germany, which
rifts in the territory of Eichfeld) above
Heiligenftr.dt, and flows through Brunf-
wick Luneburg, by Gottingen, Calen-
berg, Hanover, and Neulladt, into the
Aller.

Leinfler, a province of Ireland, iia
m long and 70 broad ; bounded on the
K and s by St George chaniJti, w by
Connaught and Munfter, and n by
Ulfter. It contains the counties of
Carlow, Dublin, Kildare, Kilkenny,
King, Longfurd, Lough, E Meath,
Queen, W Meath, Wexford, and Wick-
low. Dublin is the capital.

Leipheiniy a town of Suabia, in the
territory of Ulm. The vicinity pro-
duces good hops. It ftands on the s
bank of the Danube, 10 m n e Ulm.

Leipnic, a walled town of Moravia,
near the river Beczwa, 14 m ese Ol-
iniitz.

Leipzic, a city of Upper Saxony, in
Milhia, with a famous univerlity, and a
ftrong citadel called PleylTcnburg- It
carries on a confiderable trade ; and has
three great fairs every year, which lafl
a loi might each. The principal manu-
factures are filk, gold and filver fluffs,
linen and cotton printing, leather, and
paper. The number of inhabitants ex-
ceeds 30,000 ; and the houfes, in genc^

colWgi^Bl
fide the|
change
taken bl
The Ail
vuin

in

[noft pf r.
pc maiitj-
F'P'ii one

J creek at

|o'itc the

It is

|»od road

-'helms-

with a
-ral ma-
j< ns,
t ftandg
|water'8
|nd 19,^

[orough
W, and

Ferns.

parifli

but i»
arlovv,

LEI

T«l, aro lofty. There arc fix handromc
colK'gi'8 belonging to the univerfity, be-
nd<.' the private collugc-s ; and the ex-
change is a fine ftriK^ure. J.eipzic was
taken by th« PruflTians in 1745 and 1756.
The Audtians in 1756 befiegcd it in
vain ; tht;y took it two years after, but
were foon obliged to give it up. In
1 8 13, a prcat vidory wis obtained here
by the allies, over th- French grand
army, on the i8th of Odobcr ; during
the engagement, the whole of ihe Saxon
troops abandoned the French, and join-
ed the allies. The next nnorning the
city was taken (vith the king of Saxony
and all his court) and entered at three
different point.s by the emperor of Ruf-
iia, the king of PrulTia, and the crown
prince of Sweden. Leipzic is feated in
.i. plain, on the river PlcyfTe, 60 m wn w
Drefden. Lon. i; jo e, lat. 51 19 n.

Leira, a ciiy of Portugal, in Eftre-
madura, and a bilhop's fee, with an an-
cient caftle on an eminence. In i8ii,it
was fet on fire by the French, on their
retreat into Spain. It is 80 m nni Lif-
bon. Lon. 8 38 w, lat. 39 48 N.

Lei/»nij?, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, with inanufadlures of cloth,
lace, (lockings, kc. It is lijated on the
Mulda, 24 m ESK Lelpzic, and 32 nw
Drefden.

Leitenher^:^. a town of Upper Saxony,
in Tkuringia, with a caltle on a moun-
tain ; feated on the .Sorbitz, 11 m sse
Saalfelu.

Leith, a feaport of Scotland, on the
frith of Forth, 3 m n by e Edinburg, of
which it is the port. It Hands at the
mouth of the river Leith, which forms
the harbour, and divides the town into
N and S Leith, which communicate by
a drawbridge. Tlie harbour is fecured
by a noble ftone pier ; and it has wet
and dry docks, with other conveniences
for fhip- building, which is carried on
to u great extent. Here are alfo ma-
nufadures of ropes, canvas, carpets,
glafs, flioes, leather, fbap, and candles,
and feveral iron forges. There are
three churches, a magnificent banking-
houfe, an hofpital for difabled feamtm,
and a battery for the defence of the
harbour. The commerce of Leith is
very confiderable ; and the veflcls em-
ployed ill the London trade are, in ge-
neral, of a large fize ; but the la-geft:
fhips are thofe employed in the Green-
land whale fifliery. To foreign parts
are exported lead, glafs ware, linen,
woollen (luffs, and a variety of other
goods- The number of inhabitants was
15,272 injiSoi, and 2o,36j in 1811.
Lon. 3 II w, lat. 55 59 n.

LKTM

Leitmeritz ; fee Leutmerifa.

Leitomifchel ; fee Leutmifchrl.

Leitrim, a county of Ireland, in the
province of Connaiight, 42 m h)ng and
1 5 broid ; bounded on the N by Done-
gal bay, NE by Fermanagh, e by ('avan,
SE by Longford, sw by Rolcominon,
and w by Sligo. Il is dividid into 21
parilhrs, and li^nds two members to par-
liament. It is fertile, though moinitain-
ous, abounds with i'mall lak'es and rivers,
has fomc iron-works, and feeds great
herds of cattle. Carrick is the capital.

Leitrim, a town of Ireland, from
which the county has its name, and
formerly a place of fome note, of which
St. Liegus was biHiop. It is fe .ied on
the Shannon, 4 m n Clarrick.

Leixii^, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Kildare, feated on theLiffey.
It has a noble caftle, with large gardens,
on one fide of which is a fine waterfall,
called the Salm;)n leap. Near it are
the ruins of the church and caltle of
Confy. Leixiip is 10 m w by s Dublin.

Leman, a new department of France,
including the territory of Geneva. The
lake of Geneva was anciently called Le-
man. The chief tovvn is Geneva.

Lemburg^ or Leopold, a city of Po-
land, lately the capital of Red Ruflia,
and now of Eafl: Galicia. It is well
fortified, and defended by two citadels,
one of which is on an eminence with-
out the city. The cithedral, churches,
an.l public buildings are magnificent ;
and ttie inhabitants, eftimated at 20,000,
carry on a confiderable trade. It is the
fee of a Roman catholic archbifliop,
and has alio an Armenian and Ruflhn
bifhop. In 1672, it was befieged in vain
by the Turks; but in 1704 was taken
by fl:orm, by Charles xii of Sweden.
It is feated on the Peitu, 90 m nw Ka-
minieck, and 150 e Cracow. Lon. 24 26
E, lat. 49 51 N.

Lembro, the ancient Imbros, an ifland
of the Archipelago, on the coaft of Ro-
mania, 22 m in circuit. It has a town
of the fame name, with a harbour.
Lon. 26 o E, lat. 40 25 n,

Lemgoio, a town of VVeftphalia, in
the county of Lippe, with fome cloth
and ftufF manufactures; feated on the
Beya, near the Werra, 25 ra n by vr
Paderljorn.

Limnos, or Stalimene, an ifland of
the Archipelago, lying near the ftrait
of Gallipoli. It is 15 m long and n
broad, and abounds with mountains
and valleys, which in fomc places are
cultivated, and produce a variety of
fruit. The poets made it facred to
Vulcan, who was hence called Lemniu»

X ^

'.' 1

LEO

l».it(i-. It was alio cik'brated for its
I iliyiiiilli, of wb'ch not a trace remains.
Tl'f iTiotlcrn CJrtt'ks «;iitcrtain the fame
opinioii ofthattinth c>f f-fmnos, .vliich
is f;iid U) have curtd Pliiloc'tetes. This
earth is ncvtr dug up Liit on one parti-
cular day of the year, and flicn with
jT'eat ecu ii',.)iiy. It is cilled Terra Si-
j;ell:ita, being formed iiito fiiiall cakes
ilalft! with the grand fignior's feal, and
thuH difpL'rIed over various parts of Eu-
rope- Lcmiio.i is fubje(it to the Tiirkii ;
but the inhabitants are.ilmoft all Greekt.,
and very in luOrious. The capital is of
the faint' name, and tin* fie of a Greek
archbilbop. Lon. ^5 28 i\ lit. 403 n.

Lciui, a river of Siborin, in thcgovern-
iticnt ol Ivkutlk, wliieh rifrs :nthc iitoun-
tains 10 the u of the Like Baikal, flows
K and NE to Y.'.luitlk, where it is 5 rn
\vid<', and 'ts courfc thence Is nnw
to the I'lozcn oee.ui, which it enters by
leveral nu)utbs.

I.cfirzicx, a Itrong town of Poland,
capital of a palatinate of the fame name,
with a fort on a rock. It ftand.s in a
rnorafs, on the river biura, 37 m sf.
Gnefna, and i lo >r by ^v Cracow. Lon.
18 20 E, lat. 5i 10 N.

LetJiam, a town iu Kent, with a mar-
ket on Tuefday, feated on an eminence,
at the iource of the Lcn, 10 m E Maid-
ftone, and 44 ese London.

Lennt/i, a tovv'n of Weftphalia, in the
duchy of Herg, on a river of the fame
name, 10 m kse Dufloldorf.

Lennox ; fee Dunibartonjhire.

Lenox, a town of MafTiichufets, chief
of Bevkfhire county. It is feated on the
Houfatonic, 145 m \v Bollou.

Lens, a town of France, in the depart-
ment of Pas de Calais, on the river Sou-
chct, II m N Anas.

Lentinr, a town of Sicily, in Val dl
Noto. It ib a friiull remainder of the
ancient Leontium, and (itu?te on the
Leonardo, at the foot of a height, on
the top of which Charles v built a town,
called CiHentini. Lentini was greatly
damaged by an earthquake in 1693. It
is 15 m ssw Catania.

Lentzbtirgt a town of Swiflerland, in
the canton of Bern, with a fortified caf-
tle, and manufadlures of linen, cotton,
tobacco, &c. It is 10 m w by s Baden,
and 40 N E Bern.

Lentzen, a town of Brandenburg, in
the mark of Pregnitz, near the Elbe, 14
m w Perleberg.

Leo, St, a town of Italy, in the duchy
of Urbino, on a mountain, near the river
Marrechia, 15 m nw Urbino.

Leoben, a town of Germany, in Stiria,
fuuate on the Muer, 20 m nw Gratz.

f.EO

Lecbfchux, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Jagendorf, wiih a trade
in corn and yarn, 10 m nn e .lagcndcrf.

Leogantt a fortified town, with a fort
and a good road, on the n I'.dc of the ■
peninfula of St. Domingo. The chief
c::port8 are fugar, coflee, cotton, and
indigo. It was taken by the Engliih and
the French royalilts, in 1794, but reta-
ken by the republicans faon after; and
it was unl'ucctrbfiilly attacked by the
J'.nglifli iti 1796. Lon. 7a 3a w, lat.
i8 34 V.

Lrominjler, a borough iu Hereford-
fhire. with a market on Friday, and a
trade in gloves, hats, and leather. The
church is fpacious, and has a beautiful
altar-piece by Rubens. Here are alfo
Lveral metting-houfcs, and two free-
fchools, one of them endowed by queen
Maiy. his leated on the Lug, 25 m w
by N Worceftcr, and 1,^7 v.'Nw London.

Leominjhrt a t(jwu of Maiiachufeti,
in Worcefter county, with a n.anufac-
turc of combs, 19 m N Worcclter, and
46 WNW Bofton.

Lion, a fertile province of Spain, for-
merly a kingdom, bounded on the n by
Afturias, w by Calicia and Portugal,
s by Eftrcmadura, and e by Old Caftile.
It is 1 25 m long and loo bioad, and di-
vided into almoft two equal parts by
the river Douro.

Leon, a city of Spain, capital of the
province of that name, and a bifhop's
fee. It was formerly riche" and more
populous than at preient ; for the cloth
manufadlures arc on the decline, and
the inhabitants do not exceed 15,000-
Here are 13 churches and nine convents ;
and the cathedral is admired for its ele-
gant lightnefs. It is feated in a fertile
diftrift, between two lources of the river
Efra, 50 m SE Ovicdo, and 165 n by w
Madrid. Lon. 538 v/, lat- 42 36 n.

Leon, a town of Spain, in Andalufia,
almoft furrounded by the fea and the
river Santi Petri, whencejit isfometimes
called the Ille of Leon. The inhabit-
ants are upward of 40,000; but from
its extent, including St. Carlos on the
N, capable of holding double that num-
ber. The quantity of fait colle<fled in
the vicinity is prodigious. It is 11 ra
ssE Cadiz.

X;o«, a city of New Spain, capital of
Nicaragua, and a biniop'.s iee. U is a
commercial place, feated near the nw
extremity of the lake Nicaragua, 30 m
from the Pacific ocean. Lon. 87 20 w,
lat. iz 30 N.

Leony a town of New Spain, in Me-
choacan, in a plain eminently fertile in
grain, 30 m wnw Guanajuato.

Virnia,

cUid«'3 t|

vacar.

It ftandj

clcvatec

tain?, I

Gu.iyv^J

bilhop,]

tcnfive.

than t:l<|

the on]

ants ar(f

on a ci

the prel

inhabitl

and ce^

ings.

c w,

Lec'l

in thef

on the

the Rv

w by

litt'c

19.'

i \

LEI'

J.totit or (^(jracitj, a city «)1" TfrM
I'irma, c?.i)ital ul' tlic province of C i-
r.K.ti, and ol' .i govniumnt that i:i-
clutl<'3 tl'.t; provinces (»!' Vcni'/ufia Ci-
lacan, Cuinana, imd Si)aiii(li Giiaymia
It ftaiids on t'lc n liilc uf a iVrtilc and
j'lcvatfd valley furronnded by moun-
tainn, i:m from the f<.i', and its poit is
Guayru. l.fon is die fe«* of an arch-
billiop, wliofc jurlldi'tion is viry ex
tcnfivc. The catlietlial Ik nuirc f-nid
than riojrant ; but tiie altars pre rich and
the ornanioris vaUi.ible. The inii tbit-
aiils are cUimated al 4:,oco, ;ind carry
on a conlidcrablc trade- Thi^ city, by
the prcat carthciuakc of i8is, loll 8000
inhabitants, Af.'^o ho'ilco, 19 chtircnoa
and convents, and otlicr public oiiikl-
ings. It is 560 ni Nii St. i'c. Lon. 67
o w, lit. 10 15 N'.

Lecn, AV'zy. a proviiceof NewSp.Tin,
in the audience of Mexico ; bounded
on the K by Coh:duii!a .md 'I cxa;, li by
the gait' of Mexico, s by Paniico, and
w by New Uifcay and Cohabuda. It is
litt!c known, but fald to be full of
mountains, and rich in minerals. Tiic
cliier town ia Monterey.

Ltonard, St. a town of France, in the
department of Upper Vienne, with ma-
nufaitures of paper and cloth ; llaied
on the Viennj, la in ne Liiuo^es, and
191; s Paris.

Lesnardtovjti, a town uf Maryland,
chi'jf of St. Mary county. It is lituale
on Britton bay, 5 m from its mouth in
the Potomac, and ^o s... Wadiington.
Lon. 76 50 w, lat. 3'i ?4 n-

Leonl/erg, a town of Suabia, in the
duciiy of Wirtemberj.', lituate en the
G!cm, 0 m w Stutgard.

Leonejfa, a town of Naples, la Ab«
ru/zo Ultra, 19 m nw Aquila.

l-eonforte^ a town of Sicily, in Val di
Nolo, 37 m wNw Catania.
Leoo-keoo ; fee Lii-ou-kieou-
Leopold ; lee Lemhurg.
Leopoldjladt, a town and fortrefs of
Upper Huogaiy, fciited on the Waag,
36 m N Neuhaufe|,and 50 ene Freiburg.
Lepsnto, ^ feapott of European Tur-
key, in Livadia, and an archbifhop's
fee. It is divided into four towns, fur-
rounded by as many walls, and defended
by a caftle on an eminence. It wad
taken by the Venetians from the Turks,
in 1687, but evacuated in 1699, in con-
fr^uence of the treaty of Carlowitz.
The produce of the adjacent country is
wine, oil, corn, rice, leather, and to-
bacco. The Turks have fix or feven
mofquea here, and the Greeks two
churches. It is feated on the gu!f of
Lcpanto, loo m wnw Athens, and 350

L K 11

aw Conltmtinopk-. Lon. -a o t, lat.
:fi '-JO N.

/.f/v/j ///<■. one of the New Ilcbridrs,
in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 167 r,« t,
lat. 15 Is s.

l.cr:r.cit or LLrtna, a town of Spain,
in lilbi'inaciura, at the foot of a moun-
tain, ;u the fouTCi:ot the Malachel, jo ni
s Merida, and 6H si; U:'d;tjoz. Lon. 5
53 w, lat. 38 7 N.

Lerk'it a town of the territoiy of
Genoa, on the k coafV of the gulf of
Spe/zia, > m sw F,tr/ana.

Leiida, a llroir; city of Spain, in
Cutalonia, and a liifliop's fee, with 3
univetfity. On a hill dole lc> rlie town
are the rnin-j ofva calllc, formerly a
place of great (Ircnuth. Tlii,'. place de-
clared for Cluuh'3 III, after the reduc-
tion of B,.rc loiM, in 1/05, but it wai
letahen by the duke of tJrlcans in 1707,
.nliei the hittle of Ahnanz,i. It is iVated
in a fertil'' plain, on the ;iver Sej^ra, 8»
nj w Barcelona, ;ind ico Nw -Madrid.
Lon. o 3^ K, lat. 41 3i nt.

Lerit:s, a name given to two iflands
the Mediterranean, on the coc«lt of
Trance, 5 m from Antibes. That near-
elt tlie coaft, called St. Minj;arct, was
taken by the Englith in 1746, but re-
taken ii; ;747. The otlu'r is called St.
Ilonorat,aiid has a Benedictine :ibbcy.

Lenmi, a town of Spain, in Old Caf-
tile, with a palace, feated on the Ar-
lan/A, 43 m s Burgos.

Lcrna, or MiUs, a town of European
Tuikty, in Morea, at the nw extremity
of the }u»lf of Napoli. It was the an-
cient Lcrna, and though now a fmall
place, is the port of Tripolizza, and
corn, wool, iirc.are hence expovted. A
little to the s i-J the celebrated lake of
Lerna. The town Hands at the foot of
a mountain, on which is a fortrefs, 8 m
ssw Argos, and 24 ene Tripolixza.

Lernica, a town of Cyprus, formerly
a large city, as appears from the ruins.
It is fituate on the s coaO: of the ifland,
where there is a good roail, and a fmall
fort for its defence, 30 m sw Famagufla.
Leroi anciently Leria, an ifland of the
Archipelago, lying 8 m se Patmos.

Lerwick, A town of Scotland, capital
of the Shetland iflands, fituate on the e
fide of Mainland, the principid ifliind,
on the fpacious harbour called Braflfa
fo'ind. It is the rendezvous of the
fifliing bufifes, and veflRils employed in
the various fitheries. Here are manu-
fafturcs of Itockings, bed rugs, and
platting flraw. At the n end of the
town is Fort Charlotte, which com-
mands the N entrance to BvaiTu fuuiut-
Lon. o 56 w, lat. 60 la n.

(Vr

i 'I

,il

T F.S

T.rfcar^ a town (if' I'lanri", in tlir »l^-
partuu'iit ot Liwn Pyrcnicn, ami laNly
a hifhop'H fee ; iV-iiivd on a hill, ,] m Nvv
Phi!, and 42 SR njyniii>c,

Lejgtiis, one of the iVvcn C.ntcAfian
p.itio'^, h"t\v"fn the B!.i«:k (i i and the
C'l ni't'i. "I'ticir coiin'-y is iinliffcrpiitly
r.il.tcl Lrljvi'ft.'n aim D.igr<fk,in,by tin-
Ot'itj;i.'in>.. It is boniulfd on the K iind
8 l»y P r|i^ aiid t*n' Ciilpian, su ;ind
w i>y r.for^i.i, tlie O/ll, and the KiRi,
«•.(! .\ bv tl"' KiUi and Tair.n- tribiM.
It i; i'i./idfd into a variety of diftric'ts,
gfi cr.iily in l«!prndcnt,and g()v«*rii«d by
cliiiffl cl'-.^ted liy thr people. The I-cl-
giiis ;irc fnnpol'ed to be dofo'nded from
thr liib('t)fmoimtaincc'is, known to .111-
rient peo?n;>htr3 under the name of
Le(i'a; orLigycs. The ftr ngth of their
country, v hich is a region of mnnntains,
whole p- fli'3 are known only to ihem-
felvf's, h.is probably, at oil times, fc-
curfd thrni froin foreign invafion. Thv.'y
fubfifl by raifing cattle, and by preda-
tory expeditions into the countries of
their more wealthy neighbo\irs. fn their
perfonp and drefr^, and gontral habits of
life, as far as' thefe are known to ti3,
they greatly refemblethe Circairians.

Lefina, an ill and in the gulf of Ve-
nice, on the coaft of Daimatin, 48 m
long and 8 broad. It contains great
quantities of different kinds of marble.
The principal produdlions are wine,
oil, figs, ulmondfi, oranges, faflfron, aloes,
honey, and wool; but falt-fifn is the
chief article of commerce. The capital
is of the ihme name, and has a good
harbour, 20 m s Spalatro. Lon. 16 ao
1, Int. 4.1 }:^ N.

Le/ina, a town of Naples, in Capl-
tanata, on a lake of the fame name, 26
m Nw Manfredonia.

Lejieard, a borough in Cornwall, go-
Tcrned by a mayor, with a market on
Saturday. It had formerly a caftle,
now in ruins, is one of the coinage
towns for tin, and has manufactures of
leather and yarn. It is 31 m enk
Truro, and 245 w by s London. Lon.
4 42 w, lat. 50 27 N.

Lejko, a town of Poland, in the pala-
tinate of Lemberg, 68 m »w Lemberg.
Lefneven, a town of France, in the
department of Finifterre, 10 m n Lan-
deniau, and 13 NKBreft-

Lefparrct a town of France, in the
department o*^ Gironde, near which are
found tranfparent pebbles, known by
the name of Medoc Itones. It is 40 m
KNw Hourdeaux.

Leffines, a town of the Netherlands,
ia Uaanault, famous for its linen manu-

LF V

fa.ti.re; fcated on the Dendcr, af m «W
HrnlirlN.

I'ljiwitliiel, a borough In Cornwall,
p.)ytrned by a mayor, with a market on
Friday. It was anciently the capital of
the county, and the county members
wre dill e|e(itt d here. It is feated on the
Fnwey, which was lorncriy navi^'dble
to the town, but the channel is now
(topped up. Here is a woollen manu-
fiidture; and it i i one of the tin coinage
towns. Near it, o!i tin- edge of a hill, is
Leftormel cnftle, formerly the refuience
of the duke* of Cornwall. I.eftwithiel
is 2» m NR Truro, and 236 w by a
London.

fjfttfrf, a town of Naples, in Princi-
pato Citra, at the foot of a mountain, 1 2
m NW Salerno.

Li-tterkami/t a town of Ireland, in the
coimty of Donegal, on tho livcr Swilly,
14 m NW Lifford.

Levant- This word properly figni-
fies Daft; hut it is generally ufcd, when
fpeaking of trade, for Turkey in Afm \ com-
prehending Natolia, Syria, ti. • iflands
of Cyprus, Candia, &c. »'l'he Lei'nnt
Sea means the F. part of the Mediter-
ranean Sea.

Leubtts, a town of Silefiuj rn the prin-
cipality of Wolau, with a celebrated
Ciftertian abbey ; fcated on the Oder^
10 m s\v Wolau.

[.eucate, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Audc, fituate near the Me-
diterranean, on the N fide of a lake of its
name, 18 m s Narbonne.

Leitcht or Leuk,A town of Swiflerland,
in Valais, much frcqaented on account
of its hot mineral fprings. It is feated
on an eminence, near the Rhone, 75 m
Ksi Sion.

Leuchtenbnr^, a town of the pala-
tinate of Bavaria, in a landgravatc of
the fame name ; feated on a mountain,
near the river Pfrcimbt, 38 m nnb Ra-
tifbon. Lon. 12 18 k, I.at. 4935 n.

Levek ; fee Ciumhodia.

Leven, a river in Lancafhire, which
i/Tucs from the s extremity of Winder-
mcre-water, and flows into Morecambe
bay.

Leven, a river of Scotland, in Dum-
bartonlhire, which ilTues from Loch
Lomond, and enters the elluary of the
Clyde, below Dumbarton.

Leven, a river of Scotland, which
rifes in the county of Kinrofs, flows by
the town of that name and through Loch
Leven, and crofles Fifefhire to the town
of Leven, where it enters Largo bay.

Leven, a town of Scotland, in Fifc-
fhire, with a good harbour, and fome

nvalf,
■ et on
tal (.r

n fli»;
,'«hle

lanu-
inage

'", is
icnce
ithiel

;y 3

inci-

'} 12

the

LK W

(Itare in the roallirig aiul UaUii" trade.
It ItitKis on iltc w itdc ol L trgo bay, at
ttif iiillirc of the river Li'vi'ii, lo in nu
Kirkci'ily.

/.fVfii, Loch, an arm of the fea, i.i
Scotland 81.T Li/i'iff. l>och

Lfvtii, l.oclit 'i l<ikt' of Sooihiid. in
KiiiroCslhin', 10 in in circuit, .iiid uf ,1
ciriiilar form It contains four fniall
ifl'inds, on ono of which is a luinous
c^ftle, where qiuen Mary was confiiud
by tlu- confederate lords, after ihe liail
fepnrated from B' tliwcll ; and on an-
other, named St. Serf, is the rniu of a
priory. On the k fide of the ialcp, ne.ir
iu outlet, Hands the ruinous monaftcry
of Povtmoali.

Levroux, a town of France, in the
department of Indrc, 1 1 m N Chateau-
roux. and ^^5 sw l?aurpes.

T.tufe, a lown of the Mi-therlands, In
Hainault, feated on the Dender, i.|, in
JNW Mong.

Lru/iirrh, n town of Suabia. lately
imperial, with two Cuburbs, anil a good
linen tradr- It is ftated on the Efchach,
whicli runs into the Illcr, 22 m nu Liu-
dau, and 3» a Ulm.

f.euhirritz, or f^t-iimeriti:,, a town of
Bohemia, capital of a circle of llu; rune
name, and lately a hilhops fee. The
circle is 1"' ch 1 dolij^'htful conn'^r-' thai it
13 called .^"Bohemian I'aradil'c j it pro-
duces excellent wine, and contiiiji.^ warm
bathii, tin mints, and precious ftoiies.
The town is well built and populous,
and feated on the Elbe, 30 m nw
Prague. Lon. 14 17 k, lat. 50 3a n

Lv:vv

which in navigal)lc for bitrgcs ; and in
tlif; fornu'r are eontitU-rable remains of :i
ct'lfbrated nioiialUry. Lewcn was for-
merly fnrrounded by walls, vedigt s of
wl.iih .itf dill vihblc; ;iiid on tin- fuin-
mitof J hill are the n-m tins of an ancient
c:i(llr. H're ii a capacious townlull, in
wliich till' fuminrr iilfizei ire hehl. The
number of iidiabitaiitH wan j^^olf iti
iHoi, and 6221 in litii. Ncir 'hia
town was foin;lit a battle in ii6.^, wlieii
II'Muy III and his I'm (afteiw.ird lul-
waril 1) were made piifoners by tin' e til
of LeiceUer. L»'w<.i in lituate at the
edge of the Smith Downs, .^o in i-. ('hi«
chcdcr, and 49 s London. Lon. 021:,
lat. 50 55 N.

Ltiues, a town of Delaware, in Sudl-.x
county, fituate on Lewen creek, 5 ni
from itH mouth in Delaware bay, and 16
NNK Ceorgclown.

Lfwisy the largtil:, and ihi; mod
iiorllierri, of the Wtltern inand.i of Scoi-
laiid. It is 57 ni IouKi i»"d of confuler-
able breadth toward the middle and
nortii end. Il lies lo in nww of tiic
ide *)f Skye, and the ;> end is fcparated
from N Uilt by the "^ound of Hairis,
9 m long and nearly the fame broad, in
wiv • .1. ' .ny rocks and ifletb This
idand id greatly iiiteileiftcd by arms of
the lea, by which it may bf laid lo
be divided into five peninfuias. The
fouliiern put, which is connected by a
mountainous iftlunns (}f u m, is called
Han is, and politically belongs lo the
county of Invernefs ; but the northern
and principal part is attached to the

Letitm'tfchel, or Leitomifcliel, a town county of Rofs. The counlry, in go

of Bohemia, in the circle of Chrudim,
with a caftle on a moilntain, 20 n^ ese
Chrudim.

Leutfclh a town of Germany, in Car-
niola, 8 m ssE Idria.

Lcivarden, a ftrong town of HoILnd,
capital of Friefland. The buildings, as
well public as private, are magnificent.
It has feve.al canals in the ftrects, which
are a great afliilance to its trade ; they
being continued to the fi-a, and to the
moft confiderable towns in the province.
It is feated on the river Ee, 31 m w
Groningen. Lon. 5 48 i;, lat. 5,^
13 N.

Lenvenztt a town of Upper Hungary,
in the county of Gran ; feated on a river
of the fame name, where the Turks were
defeated in 1664. It is 25 m kk Gvan.

Lewes, a borough in Sulfex, with a
market on Saturday. It contains four
parilli churches; and adjoining are the
villages of Southover and Cliff, each
with a parifh church. The latter place
is parted from Lewes by the river Oufe,

neral, h wild, bleak, nearly barren of
wood, and liLtle fitted for cultivation :
the hills are ccivcred -.vith heath, which
afibi ds flielter tor various forts of game.
The crops are oats, bigg, and potatoes;
and there are many beeves ai.d Iheep.
The lakes and dreams aboiund with
falmon, large red trout, 8:c. and the w
coaft is annually vifited by millions of
herrings. The dock:; nf aquatic birds
are prodigious and Various ; and great
quantities of lea>weed are caft alhore,
of which abundance of kelp is made.
The number of inhabitants is cilimatcd
at 17,000. There are feveral fmall vil-
lages, but Stornaway is the only town.
The promontory at the n cxiremity of
the idand is called the Butt of Lewis.
Lon. 6 32 E, lat. 58 34 .v.

Lfiuijl'urg, a town of Pennlylvania,
in Northumberland county, on the w
branch of the Sufquehana, 17 m nnw
Northumberland.

Leavijbtir^, a town of Virginia, chief
of Greenbrier county. It ftands on the

i-

• ii

■H I
^ 1,

'f'f,(

'^ Vt,

I "

III ¥

':

i

ii

rcth.i ..') oC two

•'.) <litcho8 and

.. o "x acix's

nc: rl, three.

1. 1: Y

"N fii^!«' of Gtctubric!" livcti 150 m ^v
bv N Ricliinonl. Lon. Hi 15 w, lat. ;^^J
ii s.

l.civijhnvn, ii town of Pcurfyivanij,
chiif of Mifflin county, the mou'iluiin
of whicli .'il'ouni! wii!) ii->tn-oio. \i
Itituls on the Jiiniatt.i, al thtr nflux of
tht' CiflK'Cixjuiliis 1* ni r. nk liuntinj;-
don,«nd i.o wswi Pliiladclphia. Lon.
77 ,!j6 w, lit. 40 .^6 N.

Lfxhh;taH, a .f)\va of Kentucky, cliicf
of r.iyi'ttc county, uinl tbnncrly tlu;
c.ipital of the ftatt . If, has four ciUfia's
for pnhlii: worlhip, a idiivcrfitv, and a
lar;»c court-lu)ii(c The trade is conli-
rlrraMi'. Nt-ar this Utwn arc to he (ct-ri
curious fopulchrrs. fuMof hiuuan <k<>lc-
toiiii, which arc fabrioaud in a method
tot.illy dirtVuMit from that now prac-
ti<cd by the Indians. In tlie M,i},'h-
bouihood alfo aic ih«?
nncicnt t'orti'.ication« •
baftions ; oic contaii.
of land, airl the oth
Pieccrt ofcartiieii vcilih iiavc ale/ i 'mi

}>Ioui;licd up near Ltxingtou ; a niaau-
ailure with which the Indians wifrc
rover ac(ni,iintf.d. Thtfc, vvith the for-
tific.itioiiy .iiid the fepulchvcs, have been
iirt,'ctl as an arguimnt, that this coiuilry
was fornu'riy inhabited by a pcopU;
further advanced in the arts of life than
tl)(> |)reft'nt Indiaiit,. T,txingtou Itand.".
in a fine trad of country, on the head
waters of Elkhorn river, 24 m ksk
I'Vankfort, the prefent capital. Lon. 84
■i,; w, lat. ^7 54 N.

Le.xinfflont a town of Virginia, chief
of Rockbridge county. It ftands near
the N branch of James river, 120 m w
by N Richmond- Lon. 79 50 w, lat. 37

55 f

T^expit^turit a town of MaflTachufels,
in Middli ftx county, where hoililities
comnuMiced between the Britilli troopu
and the .\mericaus, in 1775. Ilia 10 in
NW Boftou.

Ldjdcn, a city of S Holland, on the
ancient bed of the Rhine, wliich here
alninft expires in a number of imall
channels. It is furrounded by a brick
wall, with eight gates ; and is famous
for the long liege it fuftained in 1574,
apaiiifl the Spaniards, during which
60C0 inhabitants died of t'ainine and
peflilencc In honour of this iicge a
univcifily was founded in 1575, cele-
brated for its colleges, medicinal gar-
den, anatomical theatre, obfervatory,
and library. The principal church is a
fuperb ftru(5ture; and the old caftle,
townhoufc, cuftomhoufe, and houfe for
orphans, de(ei ve notice. Here are ma-
nufatStures of cloth, forge, and cambric ;

L IB

and ihc vicinity produci'icucellfut but-
ttr .iOil chcefc. It P.aiidi on i;r) Ulaiuli,
and hart 141 bridges, the grt.aeft part
biiili of frc^-llone. The inliabitan'r, ;,ic
tn:mted at 50,00a. In i«o7, Ihtr unlver-
fity wa» almdft deftioycd, by the cataf-
tropheofavellcl loadeil withgniipowdt r
blowing up ai< it palled. Lcydeu ii
4 m K tif the Oermaii ocean, and i,\ s\v
AmUerdaiii. Lon. 4 18 k, lat. 51 8 k.

/.r///"j, a town of Bohemia, in tin;
circle of Lcutmerit/, feaietl i>n the I'u-
bicts, %\ m i.NB Leiitmeritz.

I'tyuxy one of the I'hilippine idandg,
about 40 leagues long and 9.; in circuit.
The foil, on the 1 fide, is very fertile ;
tnit there arc high mount. lins that inter-
fed it nearly ill the middle from t. to w,
and occalion Inch an alteration in the
climate, that when the inhabitants of
one part of the ifland reap, the others
fow ; and they have two pleiitii'ul har-
vclU in the year, to which the rivera
dci'cending ii mu the mountains not a
little coutiibute. 1 he illand contains
9;. 00 iidiabitants, who pay tribute to tlu:
Spaniard'!, in rice, wax, and (luilts. It
ha", a town of the fame name, on the n
coiifl. Lou. 124 i6 r, lat. ji :o n.

iuiimoHft a new department of
France, including the .s part of Corfica.
Ic has its name from a river which runa
into the biy of Sagona, 8 m n of AjaC'
cio, the chief-town.

Liam-po ; lee yinjirpo.

I'UaHiiSt mountains of Turkey in
Alia, betv/eeu Syria and Palelline, ex-
tending from the Mediterranean lea as
far as Arabia. The liimmits of thefc
mountains are always covered witb
friuvv ; but below are very fruitful val-
leys. They were formerly famous for
cedar-trees ; but now icarcely .my re-
main. Geographers diftinguilh them
into Libanus and Anti-Libanus : the
latter ri^ijd on the s fide of the valley,
near the ruins, of Sidon, and termi-
nates at others in .Arabia, in lat. .^34.
They are feparated from each other at
iin equal di fiance throughout, and form
a country, called by the ancients Ccclo-
fyria.

Libutta, a town of Cuinea, in the
country of Gabon, near the mouth of a
riverof the fatne name, izomNW Seite.
Lon. 8 54 Ii, lat. 0 58 .><.

f.ibdti, a town of Courland, on the
Baltic, with a harbour for fmall fliips.
The chief articles of commerce are
hemp and linfeed. It is feated on a
peninfula, 50 m N Memel, and 80 w
Mittau. Lon. 21 25 e, lat. 56 30 n.

Libert ij, a town of Kentucky, in Ma-
fon comity, with a ihip-yard, feated ot>

yy^f Ohio, it
. ni fi ^ »• «''
l.ib.rtih-^

\\ ^U)\■^ v'-'i

lS\w I oudo
f.tUfi 1.'/'

chief "f <'"
\^'^^\ o\ &l'i»
ami I '■•*'■'

U17. ". mH

tlie U^X ttor
licuh'v»nii;i
H( .p lide ol
Lib')'ir>!f
Jrp.ir'nu-il
tifthe nl.r
KN*. Doi.rd

l.hh, ■
ravia wi'h
ter, it 'n

a m.aikt't o
in acoual^
Coventry
has tbie'
cithedial,
and walled
^)i'r of ini
and 5021
biilhpbice
raries, San
rick. It is
river, will
Trent, 14
London.

Liclijicli
chief o! a
is fituate (
H.irtford,

73 ^^ '•^»
lAchlUt

Swiflirlai

kated or

Lichiei

tbi: prin(

Paderlu)!

l/ic/ite

Lower I

lAchtt

the tcrt

fortrefs

and 17 !

Liclit

deparin

in the

Deux I

L'lch

the pi

neighbi

quarric

per am

nitz, I

Lid

('"'•lit l.llt-

'•'ft part

''•linjvir-
It'ic cataf.
I'ipovvdcf
jtyiJai in

I'xi J {.Sty
U 8 N-.
■>• ill tin:
tho I»u,

: i'l.in(f8,
I" eircuif.
fertile ;
'it inter-
I ••• to w,
I in the
t.irits of
<• others
I'liI har-
<• rivcrj

IS not a,

^'untains

ic to tll<;

ills. It

*i) tlie V

0 v.

cut of

Corfica.

ch rung

1' Ajac-

key in
tif, tx-
I iVa .IS
f tlid'c

I with
III val-
'US for

II y re-
tiicm
: the

'alley,
crnii-

lu- at
form
"(Elo-

I the
of a
cite.

the

lips.

are

II a

3 w

ila-
on

M C

llir Ohio, » nvli- ;ihove LiTicftnnf, uriil
J m f'M. «>i' tlir »o\v»i «it W'^ih ri>r»of'.

/./i. A-.'//, a M)wii yf Vir»{inij, ihii-f at
i\ ilfor I I'liinty. li ii ij m w by n
N»w I.oiiklon.

^.iijf:l_ii, If'/f, a town of Virnini;i,
cl.itf •»f b.iiv) ci iinty If lUii(U;it rhi-
Iicail ot &liuti ct<-(k, 6 m from i!ir Ohio,
ami 1/ sw Ptifbiirg.

l.il)o<!HV), i l.iwn of F.iiroDiMM Tnr-
U»y, ill \llMiii.i, inh ibittd liv linki,
lh<' ),iciti'r p.irl of th'rn tarnicrs of tin*
iiei.h'vjiirinu' plain. I» han<J» nn the
Itti'p liilf of a I, ill, ^0 m Nvv Janina

l.ihour'ie, a t'«wn "f rr.inc, in the
dcp.ir'nu'wt cf fJiiomlc. ai the cnnHiix
of the lllcr with th'- D rilo^jnc, io m
KNt. Boiirclcaiix

A/V/', :> town of ('crmany, in W»tte.
ravia with a caft'e. feated on tlic *\ ti-
ter, ii »n «J Frini. foit.

iJi/i/ieU, a city in Start"< nK'.ire. with
a mailci't on Tue'd y .i i-t Jatorday It
is a rou.)ty of iiulf, and united with
Coventry Kirnv an pplt'cnpal fee It
has thur: pariOi clunci.«'s, befiil«? thf
cathedral, wli'ch is a lie.nifl'.d itrnctinc,
and walled in like a cnitle. The uum-
her of inhahitiints was 4';i: in iXjr,
anil 502J in i8ii. LichHekl is the
birthplace of two celcbratcit cotetnpo-
raricb, Samuel Johuloii am' Divid Gar-
rick. It isfrated on l<oth liil< bof a final!
river, which loon aftcrw.trd joins the
Trent, 14 ni SK "^tafnird, and 118 nw
London. Lon. t 44 vv, lat 5J 4r n.

l-iclijicld, A town of Connedlicdt,
chief oi a county of the finne name. It
is fituate on an eleviited plain, ,^j m w
H.irtford, and4aNNw New haven Lon.
73 I a w, lat. 41 4^) N.

Liclijlall, or Lii/ita/Icn, a town of
Swiflirland, in the cant )i) of Uafel,
kated on Uu* Eipetz, 7m e Bdei.

Licl.'ienaii. a town of Weflphali.i, in
the principality of Paderborn, 8 rn sse
Paderliiiin.

I'ichtenau., a town of Germany, in
Lower Mell'e, 1 a m t;b CafTtl.

f'ic/itenau, a town of Franconia, in
the territory o< Nnremburj;, with a
fortrcfs on thr Rtzel, 6 m k Anipach,
and 17 sw Nniemburg.

J-ic/ittuieyjr a town of France, in the
department ot Sarre, lately uf Germuny,
in the dui by of Deux Fonts, 25 m n
Deux Fonts.

LichtenberfT^ a town of Franconia, in
th(! principality of Bayretith. In the
neij^hbourhood are medicin.il fprinpp,
quarries of marble, and mines of cop-
per and iron. It is foatcd on the Selb-
nitz, 18 m N'E Culmbach.
Lichtenfcls, a town of Franconis, in

f, f I.

the princip.ility of llainber^f, with a
^r'c.it ii.ide ill liitili r , feiud on the
M I 111 , f 5 rn Nt'. U.onber>{.

/■ii-fitin/lri;^, a town of Swiirerlamf,
capilil ol the coiin'y of 'I'oclifiibiirg.
Ii >< le.it, d on » :i' T'lnr, 27 m imk
Zii-iih. L in 9 5 I., 1 1' 47 16 N.

LiihifHjl.hi, .^ i(»« II of Upper Six-
oiy, III M.i'iiM, w;iii .1 ciftle on a moun«
t.iiii, 6 ni < I Zwck.«ii

I •icljtu'voni, a Umh iitid cadle of
IIiiMid. Ill Gcldcriftiid, 17 m i.sk
Xiitphi II.

I.icolii, a 1 ikf of Nipl' ■•. nrar Rila,
formeily famnusf >r eh ur fwlies ; but*
III i.f,.?H, iiM iailh(|ii 1 xC enaii|,'il o .y
pari ot it into a niou<iMiii of ciiiilcrat
and the other into a rnorafn. It w.im an-
ciently kii )wn by the name of LuciiiiQ^
or the Liicrme L<ke. ,

l-idu, a town .mil cilUc orLitlunni^,
in the pditiiaitf of VViIiia, ^6 in it
Wiiiii. Lon i<; 34 f, lat. c,^ r,o n.

Lii/dltix I'vir -f Scotl.'i'd, in Rox-
biirf^.ii'ie, an, I the 01 iy one in the
coniuy that fluwii fouMiward. It torin.4
the bound. try witli 1 'n^''ar, ' or s m, till
it eiiUi;. the Z'\. '^vuw I), nt tlliire)
■i in above L tngioun in '"uniL . uid.

Lit/J'ird, a vi .,<ge in i.'Vfniihire, on
the livi'i- M.I, 7 m N Tavill.>ck. It was
one" a l)oiou},'h, with a c<flle; and its
panlh nijy now comp.ue or i.iiuls and
liberties w'li .in)- ir he kiiijrdf)m, tin.*
whole lor'.li ot Dar n.yr bcinj; in the
vti'ne of it. Thi- bridge is llwown over
a part «)f the river that is pent be-
tween two high rocks ; and near it is a
tine rataraiff.

/■iJ/io/>i/:_^, a town of Sweden, in W
Gothland, on tli- s jidfi of the lake
Weiini r, at tl.e mlluxof the la>!a, ij m
Nvv Sli;tiM, ami 611 Ni; Colhubiirp.

t.Uheitivald, a town of Urandmburg,
in the iMidilie mark, near which the Fi-
noi.v canal bij^ins, t'lat unites the riveri
Oder, Finow, and Havel. It is feated
on the Havel, 15 m n Ikilin.

J.iel/ffiivcrdii, a town oi' the duchy of
Saxony, wiih a callle, feated on the
Eiltor, 24 n\ NNW Drefden.

L'ubinzfll, a town of Su ibia, in tin;
<luchy ■.)! Wiitembeij!:, near which is the
bath of Zell. It is 17 m w by NStutgard.

Ll'herofe, a town of Lulatia, with a
cafile, leated on the Spreewald, :o m w
Gn'ien.

l.u-hj\adt% a town of W Pruflia, wiiU
a eaille, 45 m E by s Marienburp.

Lie}^e, a territory of thtr Netherlands,
lately a bilhopric, bounded on tl-.e n by
Brabant aad Upper Gelderland, E by
Limburg and Juliers, s by Luxemburg
and the Arduioej, and w by Hainault;
«D

»'-' *

' f ?!>,.

■nl

1. 1 R

Namur, ntul Di iK^nt. It It frttile in
corn itxl fruit, h.«a inineR of iiuii, IcAtl.
•nd cn»\, Am\ qii«rrir»i)f m.uhlc Th«
.)tili<»p »,M one ol" fh«? moft rnnndcra*
bU rcclrn.idicil princei of Orrmany,
and hi* I' rritnry dfi'mcd a p.irt n( the
ciit-lr of Welh)h.ilj,i. Hut on the lnh-
jiiKition of th«' Nelhi-iUndd by the
French, and in thf frw diviflnn of that
country, thin tentltny fornin .1 p;4it of
the df p^irtmrnts of Ourthe .uid Lower
M<"u(f.

Liejft, ft rtrong oily, lately ih' capii.il
of th«' bi(hi>prrc of Ihat n^mc, ;nul now
lhecMpit;d of tlu' di'p.ii'tii)< titot Onrthi*.
llvrc tlic riv«r Mcuff in tliviJtd into
thrr**' branchrH,.ind .iftii p.ifTing through
the ciiy, und«r frvcnl bridge*, mute
»gMv. Lii*gL' is 4 n^i in circuit, uid h i»
16 g.itfs i it Imh iiiCo 10 Urgi" (iibiiiliN,
in w hich and the city are a gri'.it nunw
ber of chiirthrs and reli|,'ioui huiiCci,
The m.iKiiifi -eiit cathedral contains
many relics ; and the <»ther pu!)lic ftriic-
turci are thf caftle, the palace, the
cotincilhoufc, the townhoufe. nnd ilir
arftn^l : here isalfo a famous uiiivcility,
and a convent of nuns. At this place
Is made a great quantity of fiic-armii,
and nailo, aifo cloth, leithcr, glat's, 6ic.
Liege was delivtred up to the I'rench
in 1701 ; the alliea retook it in 1701;
and the Fr- nch befit'ged it again in
J 705, but abandoned th»* fv^f, on the
approach of the duke of Mirlborou^h.
In 1714, a fire happfied hci . , which
confumrd the bifliop'a palace, with all
the furniture and writinga. In 1792,
the Frt-iich took this city ; they were
driven thence in 1703, but entered it
again, afier a fhort rifiltanci , in 1794.
Lifge is 60 in wsw Cologne, l.on. 5
35 i', i'«t. 50 38 N.

LifOii kieou, or Leoo keoo^ the general
name of 36 illands in the (-'hina fea,
lyini; between Formofa and Japan,
which form a kin(.'dom. The itihabit-
ants are civilizi d, and of a mild, may,
aflable, and tcmperaie diCpofuion. E tch
ifland has a particular name; the prin-
cipal one, cilk'd L'eou kicou, is 126 m
Jong and a8 broad, but the others are
inconliderable. The chief produi'U
are fulphur, copper, tin, coral, mother-
of-pearl, tortoiie and other Ihclls, and
wlietftones, which are in great requeJt
both in China and Jap;in, as arc alii) the
vefTels that are built in this country.
The king is tributary to China. Kin-
fr.hing, in the se part of" the principal
iflard, is the capital-

L'teoutcheou, a city of China, of the
firfl rank, in the province of Quang-
ton^. \U territories border on the

LIG

kingdom of Tonquln, front wbieh it
\* ifparated by iniccefljhle mountains.
It ii ItMtrd on the Lienkijng. which
f(Hini 4 CDiivenicitt lurhour for karki,
\iS ^ ^'*^ Canton. L«in lol 40 K|

).<t. }| 40 N.

lUre, A town of lh» Nfiherlandu, in
Hrabint, which has a greit trade in
cattle} feated .It the junction of the
Cireat and Little Ncthc. 10 m '• Ant-
werp.

Lirflfiijljofck, % fortrffs of the Ne-
theilindH, in Flanders, on the w (Ide of
the Scheldt, above Fort Lillo, r m N\r

Antwerp.

I.i'-jjt, a town of Francf, in llw de-
p.iilinent of Aifne, famouv for an image
of the virgin Mary, to which pi Kr""*
lelort. It ii 6 m i'. I.aon.

I ijfe,y, a iivcr of Irel.md, which ri('c»
ill liie county of Wicklow, flows w into
Kildare, where it hai a cataratit near
i.f-ixllip, and then turning ne pafl'es
tluough the county of Dublin, and the
city of that name, below which itcntcru
the Inlh feu.

Liffordi a borough of Iiiland, eapital
of the county of Donegal, lit nitron the
Foyle, oil th«' bordrri* of Londonderry.
It IS ij m N by w Londonderry, and
I j6 nnw Dublin. Lon. 7 j» vv,lat. 54

4H N.

I'{i;nac, a town of Franco, in the de-
partment oflndtCf II m St Mlunc, and
14 iw Argentan.

l-i,^ne, a town of the Netherlands, in
llainault, on the river Dender, lam nw
Mons.

LegneroUes, a town of France, in the
department of Allier, 4 m sMontluzon.

I'igniei ^1, a town of France, in the
departtncnt nf Chci , with a collegiate
church and a caftle, 24 m sgw Bourges.

Ligiiitz, a fortified town of Silelia,
capital uf a principality of the fame
n imo. The cafllc is furroundid by a
dilliiit'l nmit and waM ; aiul the ctiuii-
cilhoull', with its public library, is a
ft.iteiy edifice. The Lutherans ave
two cliurches. The papifts have the
collegiate church, to whioh adjoins the
fuptrb buiial chapel of ihi% princes of
Ligiiitz and Brieg ; they have alfo a
magnificent college and other religious
f( undations. litre is a Ipacious aca-
demy, founded by Jofeph i, for the in-
ftru^ilion oi yonn^^,' gentlemen, of both
relii!;ion9, in military excrcifes. Lignitz
has a confiderablc trade in cloth and
niadiitr, an<' Hands at the conflux of
the Katzb;icli and Schwurtzwairer, 32
in s Glogaw- Lon. 16 16 t:,lat. 51 11 N.

Lignt/y a town of France, in the de-
parttncnt of Mcule, with a caftle, and a

LIM

lollfKUtr church • ffatrd on titc Ornry,
D m »» H.tr If l)ur.

Ii^'ir, • l'«P'»rl of llif pcninruU oJ'
Mil-ty*! (-**P'^'*' <*^ ** l^i"K«l<*nt <>t ihf
i«ir( luiDC' The Dutch h ivc .1 factory
hcic for tin. rice, ^tul prpprr It ii
iV^t'd on th« Ni c- "til, 150 Ml M Quvna.
Lon 09 1.5 "1 l'«t H »o N.

Lijfiwi/, • town ot Fr.incc, in the tli-
piiliiutit oi liidrr and LoiiCi aj m riiK

l.ilitnthal, a town «»f f <)wcr "^axrHiy,
in tnr duchy ot Hirnic 1, on the livcr
W.trpi 10 ni NNi Bietnrn

/.////, a ftriin^ city ot I'lanci*. in thr
Ht-pirtiicm of Noid, .iiul (MIC uf th<*
ni' ft ci)mm«'ici.»l towin in l'r,ini.v The
iMii.ihiiaiitH '(re ».(j iiputcd to !)«• 60,000.
lu ci'ftdi-l ii fuppolt <t to l>c thi Aruiix' ft
i I I uKipc, next ti) that o Tiirii.. The
ilnits i'mI (qii^rcH arc tilorMnl with
nnlile biiih)lii){M, piiticiilatly ihc Grrat
Squire And the Lntlc Square} and
iwm^x thf public ikriiitiim jh- tlic < x-
ili.inKc, a inagHziuf of v.\(l > ttciit, ..lul
.i^jiiiril hoCpilu ILrc ate luanut ic-
tiircH of all Ibrts ; but tlic principal
liMtle in in camlet-*. Lil'f "Hs taken by
the allien, aftrr tlir<c ni'iiitn>< lif^rc, in
1708 ; hill was rcftond by the treaty of
Utrecht, ill 171.^, in coiid It t.'itioii ot the
drmolilioii ol the furt ficationn of Dun-
kirk. In /79». it riillaini'd a lev(n*
bomlMrdmciit from ihe Aulhims. It
ifi feated in a rii'li and marihy (oil, on
th»' Dcult', 1 1 m w Touruiy, and ijo
N Puis- I/Oii. t 4 E, lat 50 <H >'.

Litlrrs, R town of f t met?, in the de-
partment of Fas de Calais, fcateil on the
Navcz, 17 m N w Arrun

I.illot a fort of tho Ncihtrlands, in
Brabant, on the E iide of the Scheldt,
g m NNW Antwerp. It was taken,
in 179 '1 by the I'ldich. who foon
after evacuated it; but ihi y lotook it
in 1794-

I.itna, the principal audience of Peru ;
bounded 011 the n by the aiidu iice of
Quito, E by tht; Andes, >> by tin; audi-
ence of Cbarcas, and w by the I'acific
ocean-

Lima, the capital of Peru, ;uul an
archbifJiop's fee. with a uiiivtility. in
ij,14, Pi/arro, maichinp tlitoui^h the
country, was Itruck with the lieauty
of the extcnfive valley of Riinac ; and
there, on a river i)f iht fanu- name,
at the diftance of 6 m from Callao, he
founded a city, and gave it the name
of Ciudad dc los Ueyes, or City of the
Kings. ThisSpaniih name it retains in
all legal deeds, but is better known to
foreigners by that of LiRki, a corruption
•f the appellation of (h« valley in which

LIM

it ftandi. I,im4 it of .1 trUnp(ular form,
and ftirrouniltti by u hnck will, (lankrd
wiMi t).illii(iiii, in \«hich art A vrn uatri,
Tht bale, orlon^tit nt*c. lAti'tid-i 1 ni
.iloMK ti.e bank ol h>- river, and fri>iu
Ihr Uitv to ihr oppohic jui^lf It It A
mile 41 d thi'i- (|iiiiti>.<. Ihi* ftn-eit
arc handfonif aial llraiuht the huiilica
are K ncrally o»ly one il^n y high, and the
roots CUV. ml with conic linen cl th,
or i/idy with leedn, fur it f ld«)m rain*
ht-re J I, III tlic- rich iiiliabit.ihtH cover
Hum- with Inn miti, or beautiful col.
ton clotliN i aiM* ihiie arc tret » pUnttd
round f t'»-tii to ke- p oH tin- h at ot tht
fun. Wfi.it thf hiiuft'i w.ii.t in hci((ht
ihcyh.ive in extent, lor fume of them
are ioo ftti long and pupor ioiiabljf
broad, lu that th y have 10 or la large
;ipart'iicntK Dii the griuini floor. I'hc
chufihet and <onvtntH aie txlirnx-ly
ricii { ant! many image* of the faints
are "I uiold. .itloriird with JrwcU ller«
iire ilif courts ot the vicerty, the
ai'chbilliiip, tlic inqiiilitidi), thecruliido,
aiid the miIU. A Hnc brid^'c extendi
over tlie ri^ er to a iiiburb, callcil St. La-
/ izo, whieli it neatly built like the cily.
The liver ft)rnii, taiiala in the llreett.
which run t>) moU of the houlc^, and
lerve to water the garden.-., &c. l.imi it
the ^'Ciier.il il.iple of I'tru ; for all the
proviiicct remit hither tlieir prudutftii
and inanut'at^tures and are liippiieii
hence with the nccenaiy commoditicji.
The W(.altli of the provincet ib princi*
pilly embarked on the lleet, which, at
the time of thegali) on8,lailH from Callao
(the port of I^iuia) to Panama; but it»
coniinervf with tlicothtr parti of N and
S America is vuy connder.ii)le. E irth-
quakes arefre(|iieiit,and lonie have done
the city muchd.tmage; pailicularly that
in 1746, by which ChII.k) was deftroyed.
The iiihaliitaiitH, eftiniated at 54,000,
aie rich and very debauched ; yet are
extrmiely fuperltitious. and have a
ftroiij,' bt lict ill the power of charms.
Lima is 850 m s by i. Quito. Lon. 76
49 w. lat. Ii i .s.

Limale, a town of the Netherlands, in
Brabant, fcated on the Dylc. ij m »K
Brnmis.

l.ima'vndy ; fee i^Vw/o<:f« Limavady-
lAmburg, a late duchy and province
of the iSetherlaiuU, 42 m long ai d 30
broad ; bounded t>n th" N by the duchy
t»f Jidiers. fc by the fame and the terri-
tory of Trev.s, and s and w by the
territory of Lioge. It has good arable
groiind, abounds in a fine breed of cat-
tle, and contains miiif^s of iron :>nd lead.
The N part of it belonged to tUe
Dutch, and the a to the boufe of Auf-
aD a

y . t

'■ " n

:f'f

!<

'

: I

I. I M

LI S

Iriu I lut thf %li<ilf i« now ruh|>'A to WillUm w.ii uhligcd lu rall>' Ihc firff
Fr (tiif . i|,f N part liuludiU m Ihr df »>/ lhi» clfy In lAi) > ( but, in iftni, th(
p4rtnu-nt of I.MVfcr Mcul«i ami ihr * in iiaitirnri iiirniuicrrit un .1 very huiiot

ih«ii>r oiiKh

>ir CHpiluUlion. I* li 4A nt »«». Ci^l.

i*

i.l-»kt»jj[,.\ town of the Ni'thrrUniU, WNy, itiul iia «*»w Diittlm. Lnn. I

• ipit'tl 01 tlie litcilniliy ol ili.«t lunici w, Ut ia %$ N.

uiili iiollir hiiilt ol' iinrhlr. Ilt-ri* i» i.tmfjhne, ur MiiyfvilU% ■ tt)wn of

iiuntit'a^urr ut woollto clothtt ^nA KiMtiuky, in M4I011 c-oiiiity, on tht

U ii« f;iiitnu« f«)r cx(*<-l!i->it olk'ctV. Ncir rivrr Ohio, at the inilnx ot t
i* AK mjiiy qiiiiMJi 0 ot dirtcrint kiiuli crn k I'hii in a tudinK pl.ic

of marhic, •nul ^\.u^^ itttni.-( of caianilne
and Cf>al> Limhui>; w.i» iAk«n l»y the
alitfiiin i;o,^ .in<l ctdcct to Aiinn.i hy
tlic lri'4ty of H.itl. n, tint thr rortificii.
t«»ni >%rrc «ltltri)>i'i». Th<* Innch
l*<(*lc polt<||i<iii ot'iiiii 1794. It l« U,\\.-
»«l Oil 4 moiirir.iin, m-iii' tin- rlvvr Wclif,
10 in > \.\K\iiv. l.on <i < I , lat. 50 (H k.

l.iin//!i>if, .1 towa of (ittmiiny, in llio
tTritt'ry ot 'I'ti'vc*, witli a Tinc L'.ithr*
ciral. 'I'tii Aiiih ill!- dctiMtrtI tin' French
on I he lifijjlits iit.ir thin pi ic, in I79'<-
It i4 fratcil on tho Liihn, t6 m f>\v
Fr.mrfiirt.

I.hiirkihu, a town of Scotl.nu!, in
Fifilhirr. on tlu- ct)iU of ihi- I'onli. It
in lanioiH for ^timi liinc-vvoiks, liat a

?;o il title h irlunir lor fniall vcini", ai>d
• ,4 m kw DdnliTinlin.

Limer'uk^ a coiiiity 4»f I'danil In the
provinrr of Mnnihi, 4K in l>iii^' iiul
aj hroad ; iHiiii'diil i>ii tlic n hy Tip-

!)ernry and t-larc, fn)m which l.iik it in
irparatcd by theSH mn<»n, w hy Kt rry,
■ hy Curk, and t liy Tip'^fary. It ik
flividrdinto 1 2i;piril!ic!i, contains ;il)()iit
170,0-0 inhahitiititH, and iendt ihtt-c
niemh-n to parliament. It i» a ftriilc
country, tlioiigh tho w pattiarc moun-
tainuux.

Limtrickt a city of Ireland, capital of
thr coiinfy of Limorick, and |(tiu rally
conlidercd as the capital of the pro-
vince of MunrttT. It was formcily
wi'll forlitifd, and reckoned the ficond
city in the kingdom, but at preiont has
lolt itH rank ; not bec.infe it flourilheii
Iffd, but bccanfe Cork fluurilheH muiv.
Limerick is a county of itfclf, and n
bilhop's fie with Ardfert and A^hadoe
uniteil It is compoii'd of the Irilh aiid
Englilh town ; the latter Itandjng on
KingH illand. formed by the river Shan,
iioii, which here admits velFels of 500
tons to the quays ; and the two towns
arc united by a Itatcly bridge. The
inhabitants are cftimattd at upward of
40,000 ; and it lends a mimber to par-
liamcnt. The linen, woollen, and pa-
per manufadures .ire carried on to a
>?reat extent ; and the expoit of provi-
lions is coiifiderable. iiclide the ca-
thedral and other churches, here are
fs/mc handfome public Itrudures. King

here the champaign country on the calt.
cm fUlr of Ihf rivrr hr^\\\; It ti 7 m »
hy f. of the town of Wilhington, ;o ni
IrAiikfort, and 500 by the river Ulow
Fittlbiirg. I.011 til 2H w, Ut. ^H jjh.
Limntii, a towii of France, in the dc.

fartiiH-iit of DordoKiir, 011 the rivet
)oidiiKne, » j m •> PtrlKUeiix.

limmnt,i\t^yr of SwilUilaiid, form-
ed liy the Junction ol the Mat and the
Lniih \ the foniicr iH'iiinfi Irom the Nw
rxtremiiy »»t the lake Wallenlt.idt, «r.d
the latit r riowiiii; from the s. The
I.immat IKiwn nw, pilltii tiiroit(,'h the
lake of Zurich, and uiiitei with the Aar,
below H.idcn.

l.imnt, or l.imftne^ « village in Kent,
,1 ni itw ilnhe It wn fornutly a
port, till choked up hy the f iiuIh, anil ill
callle il now coiiven< d intii alarnihoufc.
l'lHiiir:h now a poor pi. ice, it has the
hi'iii anJ ni.ici , uml otln r tokeiin left of
ilk aiu'itn' ^raiuUui. The ilmnan road
fro n Canterbury, called Stanelirtet,
en I'd heif.

l.itnov(rit a city of France, capital of
ihc department of Upiir Vii line, and
a biiliop'b Ice. It ik a triulim^ place,
and the inhahit^nU are iHiinated at
ao.cioo. 1 1 llandu on the Vieniie, jo im
ut. IVri^'ueux, and 1 to K Uuurdeaux.
Loii. I 26 I., lat' 45 50 N,

J.hnojin, u late province of France,
boiiihicd on the n by Marche, s by
Auvergne, H by Qnercy, and w by
Perik(ord and Angonnioii'. It has fo>
iclla of cheltnut trecH, ntini'S of lead,
copper, tin, and iron, and aboundH in
cattle and hoifts. It now forms the
department of Upper Vieinie.

Limaux, a town of France, in thede*
partment of Aude, with a inanuiadtnrc
of cloth ; feated on the Au<le, j; m
w by 8 ISarbonne, and 50 st i ouloufe.

Linares, a town of Sp.iin, in Anda-
lufia, 2 2 m NNb Jaen.

Linnres, a town <-f New Spain, in
New Leon, 40 tn k by s Monterey.

Lincoln, a town ol Kenuicky,in Mer-
cer county, on the k fide of Dick river,
a branch of the Kentucky, 12 m y&
Danville.

Linctin, a city and the capital of
Lincolitllurci with a market uii Friduy-

ftlef^ated on t

ami «n «>»< ''"
aividr* Info thi.

merly 30 '^"":'
y^W the cath.

fee. th< '*'f '^" ;
numher ol Ini

I Hot. *"«* *"'"
t|,jlft'«"«'' •'" '
il admired for
t,.v'f.i»e. The
vrner.U>V plec*
ruin* "f rrlijiin
„in. th.it the V.
|,„i!i with .ucl

Siwp •»> f''»l'
llill (fm.vns \
rtmn »nn «>» U
»hit.>ii'. l',»'
jjaK-, wa^ (oii^;
l«f' n the pi
ami kinn Sup
tvat di f« ated 1
colli in \ C"nn'
mayiir '''"•'
hi n.'ht by t
and oite ^nd
jht W'tham
l.u*^ire of c I'l
liiich.im, a' d
j^ w, Ut. *,.\
l.iueohijhir.
h.uiintcd on
wl icU I'lvuld
ilie C'orinan
and NorioUt,
Norlhampl'i
and w by tlu
Nottingham,
broad, en*;'
divided into
rilhe'' ; ha^
towns ; and
liamcnt. I
vras aoO,55l
i8ii llic
tci- m ly be
\ forelt. w 11
ofiiy. The |
brr. Trent,
colm. Thie
diftrias, cal
I and ley.
«p part, cc
fome in a H
drains and
\vay8, and
undations 1
their nitiv
titiefl of re
vcfttd for
form excel
even yield
giovr^ qua

['• '" 'ft'.' I. tl,(

' "try honiir^.

Mm. i.nn H^,

'//a ■ town of
■•'U'lty, on ih,
« of timifton,
"K pl-Ur i Mnj
'try on the „j,.
'1. Itl»7in,
pJimgton, 70 Mt
fic river Li-low

•'•»^«'. Ill ihcUc.

'. <>» the river

iiciix.

illfil.iiul, form.
M.it .tiul ih,
>K Irom Ihc Kw
i^.illc..»l.ult, and
1 ih.- s. T|„
•' lliroii^'l, thi

» Hithihr Aar,

'ill.»?r in Knit,

*"' 'urmiily a

I ( iiuIh, ami ill

'to-iUrinhoufc.

•<--<'f it hjH tilt

I «i)ktin, left of

*ic linrnan ro;id

td St.iiullrtct,

•iicc. capital of

•r Vi. line, and

triulim; place,

e t|liin.itcd at

• Viciinf , jo in

• K Bouixicaux.

r.

Kc of France,
March*', s by
y, anil w by
if- It has fo.
iii'ii'8 of lead,
III iiboiiiicis in
»w forma the
Nine.

lice, in the lie-
1 iiiamil.Kftiire

Alidt

37 m

sk louloufe.
lii'i in Anda*

•w Spain, in
^ioiiterey.
iicky,in Mer-
Jf Dick river,
T' '3 m !>K

: capital of
ft on Fridyy.

ft u iVatcd on the i\>le of « fietn hill,
jkhI on the river Withani, whun hr»r
^WuU* into three tirrttn*. It h.ii| for-
merly jo chiirchei. now rrducrd to 1 1,

txAilc thr cathrdr.tl I 4n(l i« 4 bilhop'4
fee, the lar^clt ttiiu-rl<' in KiihUihI 'I'hr
niimhcr of Inhabiianti w«» 7.t<;H in
idol. And IIS61 in iNii. The C4the-
(jrll (t*ni\* on the hrow of the hill, and
it admired for it« rich Riid lii(ht archi.
Ifrtiir**. The mini 0I the c^ftli* are
vriirrab'e picccii of antiquity ( and the
ruin* I'f rniginiti hoiile« are I'u iiiimcr*
i»ii«, th.it the vrry birm, nAblei, ^c. are
Itiiill With ir^hed d ior« aiul witxIrMvi
.Vt'wp irt Gate, on tl>c n tide of thccity,
llill leniain*, .iii>l li one of the nohhlt
remii mil tit tl>>rn ui architt'^tii'i' Itfi in
Uiit.iiiU II, ion the pliin, wirliotit ihii
file, wAi Utw^hi tilt f.»moii« (»an'e bc-
iwf> n tlif pirti/uif. of empress M.uid
and kin)( Suphrn, in v\hich th.il {prince
w.H deflated iiid t.tkt'ii pnlonn I. in
colli i« a C'Minly i>f itfclt, Kovcrnr t by a
mayor Tin' chu-f tratlc ii in coal,
bi.iii/lit by lh<' Trent and l-'olTdikt ;
and oiti and w >ol, whiji are Ifi t by
ihc W'tham. Hire ii a rniall minu-
lartiuc of cimL't;* It i« n m nk Ntit-
tiiicHanrt, a* d 131 n London. Imh. o
J5 w, lat. v< 1 5 t».

I.inc/iliijhire, a county of Knul.in I,
biMiiiilcd 00 the N by the ll'iiiiiliei ,
wl'.ich dividri it from S'<ilii1;iif, k by
thf Clirm.iti oC'.in, h : l>y fl v- Wdli
and NiiiKdU, % by Cainbiid^v iliiii and
Norlharnpt.inlbnc, sw by HuJanillbir- ,
and w l)y the c niiticn of I cic fter and
Nottinxbam It i« 77 m lonj< and 45
broati, en' iititij: i.yS^.ihMi acifs { ih
divided into t^o titinilnd^, antl 6.)o pa-
ri (he >< ; ha* one city and 31 m.trkct-
towns ; and I'cndi n mrniliers to par-
liament. The niimhir of inli.ibitants
was ao8)557 in iHot, and ^,\^ U91 in
tSi i. 1 he CO til is fl it, and ii lt)W wa-
ter miy bf lirni the fiibmarine relics of
a fort'lt, which is 1 j;rc.it natural ciiri-
ofily. The piincip.il iivrisaie the Ilmn-
brr. Trent, VVaham, Wciland.and An-
colm. Tliii cmiiitv ig divided intolbifc
dirtritfls, called I II md, Ktlleven, and
Kindiey. The hi.S wlilch Ins in the
8R part, coiilifls ut fetiH and marlhcN ;
fome in a Itatc of n;if'ire, others cut by
drains and canals, iina cmnVd by caule-
wayp, and fotnc kept from coiiftant in-
undations by vaft Innikfi. The fenb, in
their mtive ftatc, produce vaft qnan-
tities of reeds, which are annually bar-
tcfltd for thatch: the dr.iiiiid parti
form excellent palture land, and Inmc
even yield lar^-e crops of corn. ProcU-
giuiis quantities or gevl'^aiv bred in

I. IN

ihiidiftiiA I and hrrc arc many drrnyt
for wdtl duck*, t> al, winron, ami tidier
fowli of the duck kind. Kelleven con*
lain* the w nart of the coitniy, from <ht
niitldle to the « rxiremity : it iiicliniei
part of the feni, but the air i« niorv
iiihibtioiK than the ddlridl of liollat d,
and the ftiil more fruitful. Liiidity, the
UfKed illlhIA and mod 1 U v.itrd pari, in«
ctiidr«all the county th.u lie* n of l.lu*
coin, and the Folldike, which Henry I
cut tirtwecii ihe Wiihain atut ihe Trent.
In the fcw pirl,the river* Trent. Dune,
an<l Idle form an iilanil,call> d Ahliohi,
whic'i it a rich trad, and prodiicva
much 1\t%, I'o ihf Ni ii 4 hrye Ira^t
of htathy land, calird the \V(dd«, In
which yuut fl'ickk of Ih'-ep .irc bred.
The ca tie of tliii county, and the horlei
an<l fbfep, irt all t>l ilie l.trg. It breed.

I.iiuohitown. .1 town ot N < .tr Una,
t'hiel oi Lincoln county . |t i-, ^ m a by
1 .Mor^MMown, an.! ^5 w ^'.ildbnry.

I'lntlttu, a city of Sii ibia (alily impe-
rial i with a ciltlf lilt II will, d emrd
to be Kcim.in wokn* The Prt« ch tnok
nodrnioii of till! city in 1796. and it
Occam" liilijtk.'! to Itivaria m !('<. It
is a tr.\il III; jilacc, li-.i'ed oil an ill nd
of the I. ike ot C'tuill n ce, j lined to the
mainliiiil by a lon^ biid^e n xn r*t
C;»nft nice, and 75 sw .\ui((burg. Lou.
9 41 », lit. 47 JJ N.

Ihiildu, a town and caftle of Upper
Sixony,iii the principilily of Aiihalt-
'/i.rl(l, r, in N Zirbll.

I.iiiiliin, or Lernlnxv, a town of Bran-
deiibur;;, in the Middle luaik, 5 in kk
Riippiii

liujf, a town of Sweden, in Weft-
mania ar which is a miiieial Iprinj;,

4<» ni « V\ eili'iai.

linJnifj'i ; ice S'axe.

I'i/iit.-nfflu a town of Germany, \n
the Life palatinate of the Rliini', 14 m
NNt M.oiheim.

l.iua!<f(irue ; fet" Il'ili/ Ijland-

/'im;rn, a town of Wi llphalia, in the
principality of Munitcr, capital of a
couii'y of its n ime. Ilcrif ar*- churches
for the thric principal religions, and
•n cei'-bratetl Cahinilt academy. It wag
formerly foiiified, but is now barely
liirrounded by a tliich; and a little to
the N of it is a palVa^'t' over the Em.s,
cal'edthc Liii{:en Ferry. It is feated 011
the Ktis, 48 m KNW Munfter. Lon. 7
15 B, lat. 52 37, N.

I'i»-/.i/i»^, a city of China, of the
firft r.Tok, in the province of Kiang-fi.
It is thinly inhabited; but is of fome
tiote, on account of one of itH villdges
bcinff the general marl for all the drugs
iold in the empire. U is feated un tL«

Ml

li

LIN

Yuho, 410 m N by v. Carton. Lon. 115
o E, lat. a; 58 n

t'iukopinfr^ a to" n of Sv\cdon, capit.l
of E Gothi.inil, .jik' a liiiliop's fee, witl\
a calll'' ^f is n 't hill'tlK- li/c <>i Nod
.kopiiig, hut tlie fine's irt- nion nv'iilMS
and t'lf houl'is mine fli-giit. H. ri- ;ire
two large and fplcndid churclir- ; and
neiirthc principal one is ,1 iniipnificfnt
theatre. I' is fitiiati- on the rivi r St niv,',
ri' ar the lake Roxcii, 24 m '< ■ Nord-
koping. Lon. 15 40 1 , Lit. 1) 2 v.

Linlithgoiv, a iioioiiirli of ^1cotia;ld,
capital 01 Linlitlurowniiit, ftMicil en a
r;iing ground, ovcrlook'n^: i lake at iia
E end. ThecliitfnntPtitainurc is leather
and (hoes; tlie wnolli ntr.ide xndbUach-
infi! huliner!' are alii) carried on. Hi re
the kings ot Scotland had one of tl'eir
nobUt palaces, now in ruins ; but ti.e
room is dill fhown in which qneen Mary
was born. Linlithgow contained ,^.;i)4
inhahitanffi in lUoi, and 4012 in tHii.
It is 17 m w Edinbiirg. L'jn. 3 33 w,
lat. 56 o '<•

Linlitli^owjUre, or ^^eft Lotliion, a
county of Scotland, 20 ni long aiul ii
broad; bounded <>n the n by the hidi
of Forth, sE by Edinbnrgdiirc, i*\v by
LanerkHiiro, and n' v*' by Stirliiij.'lhire-
Jt is divided into 13 parilhes. The num-
ber of iehahitants was 17,844 in t8ot,
and 19.451 in iXii. It fend-inie inrni-
ber to parliament. The Hi; face is fine-
ly diverfified with hill and dale; and the
chief rivers are the Avon and Amoiid.
It is fertile in coin and p-<fttirc, and pro-
duces coal, ir()n,litneft()ne, and lead.

Ltnne, a town of Franee, in thi de-
partnit'nt of Uoer, lattly of Germany,
inthctlciftorateof C olngiie; Ha ted near
the Rhine, 35 m nn w Col gnc.

Linn/ie, f-och, an arm of the fea, on
tlie w coaft of Scotland, vshich ',epa-
rates, at its northern parts, the coun-
ties of Avgyle and luveintfs. !t cxUMids
in a Nb direiflion from ihe fo ;nd (^f
Mull to Fort Williatn, where it takes a
wefterly direction, and aeqnires tlie
name of Loch Eil. Another branch, in
an eaflerly direiHion, is called I-ocli Le-
ven. This '.iiveis bounded on each Tide
by lofty hills. The ifiand of Lilinore
lies at its entrance, and the Cnledonian
canal com-nences at it.s n extr^'miiy.

Linnich, a town of France, in the
department of Kf>er, lately of Ccrmany,
in the duchy of Juliers; feated on the
river Roer, 5 m vkw Juliers.

Lino/a, an dlai.d in th.- nTediterra-
nean, on the coaft of Tunis, near that
of Lampedofa. It is la m in circuit.
Lon 1 2 30 E, lat. 36 50 V.

Linfelles, a village of the Netherlands,

L I P

In Flanders, 5 m s Lille. Here, In 179^,
the French gained a bloody battle over
tlic aires, but ihitfly the Englifli, coni-
m.mdefl by the duke of York.

/■in tciti, a city of China, of the fc-
cond rank, in the province of Chan-
tiig, fcaied on the greai canal. Here
is an iiif igonal fow> r. divided into eight
ftorifs, the wali.s of which are covered
on tlie(M)tfide with porcelain It is 187
m ■> P;king. !.,on. 1 15 3 1 k, lat ^656 n.

Linton, a t<jwn in Camb'iflgelhire,
with a market on 'Ihtirlday, 12 m bK
CaTihridge. and 48 n by r. London.

Linton, a town of Scotland, in F<e-
blesfhire, o.n the river Lyne. li m nw
Peebles, and 15 ssw H«linbiirp

//;;/«, the capital of Uppir Anftria,
with two caftlefi, the one tipon a hill,
and the other below it. Here is .1 hall,
in which the dates aflemble, a brid^re
over the D uiube, and cordiderabie
woollen manufa«iture8. Ttie French
'became mailers of it in 1741. and ag.iin
in rSoo I^ is feated on the right bank
of the D-fnubt, 96 m w Vienna. Lon.
14 16 b, lat. 48 21 N.

Li/.tz, a t(>wn and citadel of Ger-
many, in the Irtte electorate of Cologne,
ii:rated on the Rhine, 23 m sse Cologne.

Liniuooff, a vill.ige of Scotland, in
Renfrewlhire, 2 m wsw Pailley, with
an extenlivc cotton inanufadtnre.

JApnri, the largeft and molt fertile of
the Lipari illandh, ahout 15 ni in cir-
cuit, it has not fufTered from lubter-
raneous fires for at,e8 pall, though it
every where bears the. marks of its- foi*-
mer volcanic ftale. It abounds with the
currant grape; cotton alfo grows here;
and gn at quantities of I'ulphur and pu-
mice are exported. It has a town of
the fame name, which is a bilhop's fee,
and ftands on the st fi 'e of the ifland,
26 m NNR Patti, in Sicily. Lon. 153*
K, lat. 38 35 V.

Lipori ijiands, a clufter of iflands in
the Mtditerraiiean, which lie to the n
of Sicily. 1 liey are all of volcanic
origin, were feigned to be the velideiice
of iEnlus and Vulcan, and formerly
called JEoiian Jflands. They are 12 in
number; and nearly as follows in the
order of their fize ; Lipari, Stromboli,
Volcimo, Salini, Felicudi, Alicuda,
Par. aria, Volcanello, Vachelute, Lifca,
Dattolo, ind Tila Navi. Tfey produce
gnat quantities of alum, fulphur, nitre,
cinnaoar, and mofl kinds of fiuit, par-
ticulaily railins, currants, and figs.
Some of their wines are much efteemed)
par'.icularly the Malvalia.

Lil>fw, a tovn of Poliuid, in the pala-
tinate of Ploczko, 33 m NNW Ploczko.

by Aire,

into Plane

Courtray

Scheldt a

new dep

the weilt

Bruges is

lAjUn

the fee c

with a 11

inquifiti

of the 1

built or

in leng

and it 1

ticularl

walls n

E part

undevj

contai'

the et

two f(

the ci

is a gt

whicl

at on

the t

hills,

whol

eniiri

the!

-•#«!*«''

<;"r,rKlpra[)le
Tut French
u, and ag.iin
'«■ '■'ght hiink
I'liiia. Lon.

"JpJ of Gei ■-
')(■' Cologiip,
ssH Cologne.
■""""^•I'larid, i„
^'■'I'T. with

'Oft fertile of
,5 ni ill cir-
rotn iuliter-
» though it
s of itf: <b.-.
>d»M'ith the
TOM'S here;
iJi- and pij-
/' town of
'rtiop's fee
the ifland,'
Lon. 1539

' iflands in
' to the .V
f" volcanic

If lidciice

formerly
■ are 1 2 in
>vs in the
trorr.boli,
-^ licuda,
f. Lifca,
produce
>r, nitrp,
lit, par-
id figs,
[teemed,

fie paJa-
'ioczko.

{

LIS

Lipourec, a town o( I\)l,ind, in the
pa^lrttinate of Cracow, 12 tn w Ciacow.

Li(>pat a town of Hungary, with a
caftlf. /''aiel on a inniinlnin, by the
river iVIaros, aa m nk Timt-lwar.

lAf>f>f% a river of WeftphAhi, which
(lows w by P.iderborn, Lipplladi, Ham,
and Dorfler., and joins the Rhine above
W<-lel.

Lippehnr, a town of firand< nburg, in
the New mark, zf m k Cuftrin.

Lippfprir.g, a town ot Wcrtphalia, in
the principality of I'aderborn, near the
fouice of the Lipp«*, 6 m n Padcrborn.

lAppjladt, a ftrong town of Wcft-
phalia, capital of th- county of Lippe.
In 1632, a bloody battle was fought
here between the Swedes and the Aiif-
triani, in which the king of Sweden
and the Aiiflrian general were both
killed. In 1757 it was taken by the
French, who kept poffeflion of it u
months. It has a good trade in timber
for building vcflV''^ on the Rhine, and
Itands on the '-ippe, 18 m wPaderborn.
Lon. 8 a8 '-, lat. 51 41 n.

Liqiie, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Pas de Calais, u m w St.
Oinor.

Liifueo, Ltguieu. , • Likeo IjlanJs; ke
L'tson-kifou

Liu a river that nfts in France, in
the department ot Pas de Calais, flows
by Aire, St. Venant, and Aimontieres
into Flanders, where it pafll;^ by Menin,
Courtray, and Deynfe. and joins the
Scheldt at Ghent. It gives name to a
new department of France, inchiding
the weftern part of Flanders, of which
Bruges is the capital.

J'ijborit the capital of Pottupal, and
the fee of a patriarch and an arctibilhop,
with a univerfity, and a tribunal of the
inquifition. It is feated on the n fide
of the Tajo, 10 m from its mouth, and
built on feven hills, not broad, but 6 m
in length. The city is walled round,
and it has fo incrcafed by degrees, par-
ticularly toward the weft, that the old
walls now divide the two diocefes ; the
E part under the archbifliop, and the w
under the patriarch. The harbour will
contain 1000 fhips in the greateft fafety,
the entrance of which is defended by
two forts ; and before the entrance to
the city is the fort of Belem. Near this
is a grand aqueduct between two hills,
which conveys water to a great refervoir
at one of the extremities of Lifbon. In
the middle of the city, on one of the
hills, is a citadel, which commandu the
whole place. The cathedral, on anotner
eminence, is ancient and gloomy ; but
the riche« of the Portuguefe havi ren-

LIS

dfnd it magnificent. The royal pnlacc
fronts the river ; it is larif and magni-
ficent, and contain^ a library, collt^ed
at vafl expcnlir by John v. In 1706,
pope Clemtnl xi conlicrited a clupcL
in this p.iiace, as a patriarchal church,
and granted it a chapter. It ib (inguhr-
ly magnihcent, and hrre the patriarch,
who 18 gtiitrally a cardinal, officiates
w'lh more pomp than the pope him-
felf Lifbon was almofl deflroytd by au
earthquake in 1755, but has been hand-
fbmeiy r. built. It contains many beau-
tiful edifices, 40 pirilh-cluirches,5o con-
VI nts of both Icxes, and about 200,000
inhabitants J here are public walkn,
two theatres, and a circus for the bull-
foafts. The trade is very confiderabic,
and many foreign merch.iiiti",both catho-
lic and prottflant, relide here ; this city
being the j<rand magazine ol all j-'oods
brought from Hralil and other coK»nies
belonging to I'ortugd. In 1807, this
city was entered by the French, who
evacuated it in i8j8 after the battle of
Vimiera, in which they were defeated by
the Hritilh It is 178 m w by n Seville,
and 255 b by w Madrid- Lon. 9 5 w,
lat. 38 42 N.

Lijl/ui II, a borough of Ireland, in the
county of Antrim, with coniider-ible
manufactures of linen cloth, mnllin, and
cambric. It fends a member to par-
liament, and ia feated on the Lagan, 8 m
sw lielfaft.

Lifca, or Lifcn Biattca, one of the Li-
pari illands, 3 m sw Stromboli. It is a
Im.tll defert fpot.

Lifieux, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Calvado.'', and lately an
epifcopal fee. It has a good trade, par-
ticularly in linen cloth, and is leated on
the Touque, 12 m from the fea, and 40
sw Rouen. Lon. o 14 E, lat. 49 9 N-

Lifmore, one of the Hebrides of Scot-
land, at the entrance of Loch Linnhe, on
the coaft of Argylefhire. It is a fertile
ifland, 10 m long, and nearly 2 broad,
aiid was anciently the rcfidence of the
bifliop of Argyle- A great part of the
cathedral rem?.ins, and the chancel is
ufed as the parifli chuich.

Lifmore, a boroujih of Ireland, in the
county of Wattrford, and a--bifliop's fee
united to VVa'ertord. The cathedral is
fpacious and handfome, but the town is
now a fmall place. It ftands on the
Blackwater, 30 m NECork, and 38WSW
Walerford.

Lifonzo, a river that rifes in the duchy
of Carniola, paflls by Gorz and Gra-
difca, ciofies Friuli, between Monte
Falcone and Aquiela, and enters the
gulf of Venice.

''•'"7 I]

f(!

41

if

i;

I'T

■1,1

LIT

l.tjfay an in.itui in the gulf of Vrnicp,
on thf coaft of Dalmatia. Hi^re is a
tiAifry of pilcliarJa and anchovies, anil
it producer excellent wine. It ib 70 in
\v K't'i'fs. Lon. 170 E, lat. 44 «ii n.

Lvja% a town of Polaiiil, in the pala-
tinate of I'ofuan. In 1707, it was laid
wjdi.* hy the Rulli.ins ; but it has bee",
rebuilt, with great improvtinent, and
rarrits on a gicat trade It is 50 m w
Ktlifch. Lon. 16 50 r,, lat. 5?, o n.

L'ljfat a village of Siltlia, on the Wcif-
tr'z, ^> m NW Hreflati, where a great
vi(5lory was gained hy tlie Prulliaiis over
tile Aultrians, in 1757.

I.ithai/i a town of Germany, in Car-
niola, on the river Save, 15 ni e Laubach.

Lhhuaiiiti, a country of Europe, for-
merly governed by its grand dukes,
hut, in it,(\r), united to I?')liind, under
one ele(5tive king. It is 300 n\ long
and 2.50 broad; houndtd on the s by
Volhinia, w by Little Poland, Po'acha,
PiuflTia, and Samogitia. n by C(nir uid
and Ruffia.and e by K .(Tia. The prin-
cipal rivTrs aie the Dnieper, Dwina,
Niemen,Pripi-t,and Berezina. It is a flat
country, fertile in corn ; and produces
honey, wood, pitch, and vafl; quantities
of wool ; alfo excellent little horfes,
which are never Ihod, their hoofs being
very hard. There are vafl forefts, in
which are bears, wolvc^i, elUs, wild oxen,
lynxes, beaver,s, wild cats, &c and eagles
and vultures are very cotmnon. Li the
f(M"t'ft8, large pieces of yellow amber ari;
freqiieiilly dug up. The country fwarms
with Jews, who. though nutneroiis in
every part of Poland, feem to havt: fixed
their head quarters 11. this duchy ; and
this, perhai», is the only country in
Europe where Jews, cultivate Iheground.
The peafants are in a ftate of the moll
ahjedt vaffiiage. The nobility aie nu
morons, linne exceedingly rich, but the
greater part indigent and poor ; and
thofe who are in low circuinflanecs
ferve the richer forts as pages, valets,
treafurers, &c. In 1771, emprtls C.itha-
rine coinpelled the Poles to cvde to her
all that part of Lithuani.i bordering
upon R'.iffia, includin;»at Ic.ift one third
of thi; country. This vv-is < rc^ifcd iiio
the two go\er>un'.ius of Polotlk and
iMohilef. Ill j;'9^, in conjundion with
the king of Pruflii. lh<.' eft. ded another
partition of Poland, in conli qiience of
which flie extended her doininion over
almoft the whole of Lithuania. l"he
cap'tal is Wilna.

Litir., a town of Pennfylvanin, in
L^nr.Tfler county, and a fetilei-nent of
♦ he Moravians, S m n Lancailsr, and
66 w by N Philadelphia.

L I \'

J.Hj'chau, a town and caflle of Aulhia,
on :lie frontiers of Bohemia, 23 m Nw
Horn.

l.ittnut a town of Moravia, in the
circle o*-' Olrnutz, on the river March,
9 m NNw Olmiit/,.

LiiHidiuy a province of Turkey in
Europe, bounded on the n by Thi flaly,
y by the Archipelago, s hy the gulfs of
Engia and Lepanlo, which Separates it
from Morea, and w by the Mediterra-
nean. It includes ancient Grecct pro-
perly fo called, and the celebrated
mountain Parnaffus. The capital ia
Athens.

Livadia, a town of European Tur-
key, in the province of its n-une, built
on the fide of a hill, on the iiile of the
ancient Lebadea, and Ih now 'o culled
by the modern Greeks. On tl.e top ol"
a rock is an old caftle, part of which
ferves as i forticf«; ind at the bottom
is the c:ive of Trophonics, the lad oracle
that was heard to utlt-r the deciees of
fate. The town contains fix mofr,>',"s
and fix Greek churches ; and has a
great trade in wool, corn, and rice. It
is 68 m NW Athens. Lon. 23 20 e,
lat. 38 42 N.

J^i'venza, a river of Italy, in the ter-
rit< ry of Venice, wii'ch runs on the
contines of Treviu 10 and Frinli, and
enters the gulf >ii Venice, between the
month of the Piavu and the town of
Canrlo.

Li'vcrdun, a town of France, in the
department of Meurte, fcated on a
mount lin, near the river Mofelle, 8 in
Nfc Tnul.

L'l'vcrpoolt a bortiiiph and feaport of
England, in Lancalhire, with 1 market
on Saturday It had but o''.e chuich,
which was a chapel of eafe to Walton
(a village 3 m off; till the year .'699,
when an act paffed to make the town a
difiindt parilh, and eredt a new church;
fince wnich time it has gradually ad-
vanced in popul iiion and trade. The
number of inhabitants was 77,653 in
1 Ho I, and g4..<76:u 181 1. Its rife and in-
creafe was prmj pally owing to the falt-
\\r>: ks and ii. is now become, with re-
Ipi \.'t tr. commerce, the fecond port in
the kingdom. It is feated on tlie A'ier-
fi;y, and has an excellent harbour.^
formed with gre.4t labour and expenfe;
fliips being admitted into noble wet
docks, Itcured by fliood-gatcs. Since
the C'-mipletion of the duke of Bridge-
water's canals, a new dock has been
formed by the diike above the town.
The tr^de of Mverpool is general ; but
the principal branch is the African and
Weft Indian trade. The American,

B.iUic, am
very Jit'^'
many fl^'l
^vhale-filht

ploys a gi
many go^'
the l.itt: "
I1.18 conim
Kibble, C
;jnd'lham
tiireb are
watches,
fait, antl
vies, and
Here are
tor the I
tholic cl

and a fyi
chant?'',

The phu-
and here
for lea-

■3 in Nw

fa, In the

[cr M;irch,

Th. /i;,iy,

ie gulfs of

^'ftlittrra-
ireecv pro-

celebiatcd
|f;ipital \i

"•an Tur-
i'nc, built
i'le of tlie
'» c.illed
■'•e top ol'

of which
c bottom
'aft oracle
'•cites of

mofrj'».^s
!(' has

rice.
23 20

L 1 V L L A

BiUic, anil Portugal commerce is alfo f/vvmo'i ff<' l.eyjjorn.

vfry jrcai, as well as tiiat of Inlai d ; Lizovil, a peiiniiiil.i uti thi; s coaft of

many fliips are lent to thi; Ciri'inlaml Cornwall, and tlir molt foutlH'm point

a
It

1 the ter-
3 on the
iii'i, and
wecii the
town of

P. in the
fd on a
"e, 8 m

'i«port of
market

church,

Walton

r 1699,

town a

"'lurch;

Illy ad-

. The

>(>S?, in

and iri-

he falt-

'ith re-
port in

■ Mcr-

rbo'ji-,

xnfe •

i wet

Since

ridge-
becn

town.

; but

1 and

lean,

whal«'-fdhcry ; the coaliing trade tm
ploys a Rif'at number of vcll'iis; aral
many ^tooil (lnpa arc Imilt ln're. Hy
the Intc inland nivipMtion;), Livirpool
has coniinunicaiion with the rivers Dee,
Rii)bli', Onfe, Trei % Ilnmher, S< vern,
;»nd Uiamts. 'Ihe ptincipal m.iniifac-
tiint, are tine porcel;;in, cartliei- ware,
watches, and Itockiii^'s iome [,1 lis, iron,
fait, and copperas works ; many vope-
riei, and upward of fdty breweiits.
Here are eight chuvclie'". and a ch:.pel
tor the eftabllfhed reli(;ion, three ca-
tholic chapels, ii-veral meeting houfes,
and a fynag >',nie ; alii) a "lanJfome ex-
chant;o, a eiiltoinhfjiife, ar, 1 a lii^rary
The places of -oiuilV'neut are nunicioiH;
and iiere is a mod complete iet of ba". lis
for ft-a-baih'ng. Among the many
charitable *ounilatio.ir> arc an infirnKiry,
almiiioufcs for the widov\s of mariners
killed or lolt at fta, or dec.iyed irarien,
and at) afylum for litriatics. Liverpool
is 4H m b LancalUr, anil los nw Lon-
don. T.oii. c) o w, lilt. 53 22 N.

L'fjerl>uul, a towh of is' ova Scotia,
in Oii'f.n county, with a harbour at
the nioi ch of a river of iis nanu', 5S
m -w Halifax. Lou. 6.; 15 w, lat. 44
10 N.

Livin^JIon, a town of New York,
in CoUimliia eonnly, on the R fide of
the Hadlo.'i, at tiir influx of a river of
its name, n m .s rhid.oii.

Livonia, a pM)vmci- of Riiffia, whicli,
with that of 1' ihionia, has ' t < n recipro-
cally claimed, and poffeii' .1 oy Riiflia,
Sweden, and PKland, and, for mure
than two centuiic, has been a p'T-
petual feeiie ■ f he molt blooily wars.
Jt was finally wreiled from the Swedes
by I'etrrthf pie.-it, was confirmed to tl,e
Riiflians by llie ; ace of Nyftadt, in
1721, and now forms the government
of Riga, or Livonia. It is 250 m long
and 150 broad; bounded on tht; >. by
the government of Elthonia, k by that
of Plkof, h by that i>f Poloiik and iliat
of Poland, and \v by tlie gulf of Livo-
nia. The land is fo lertde in corn, tliat
it is called the granary of the north ;
and it would produce a great deal more,
if it were not *X-) full of lakes and forelti;.
Ill the forefts are wolves, bcr.rs, elks,
ruindeer, Itags, and hares. Thedomeftic
animals are numerous; but the Iheep
bear very bad wool, i he principal ar-
ticles of export ate flax, hemp, honey,
wax, leather, fkiris, and potaili. The
capital is lliija.

of land in England. On it an- two
lijihlhonfts, and tie l.i/ard Point is in
Ion. 5 I I w, lat. i\() r,H N.

l'i,rii-r, St a town of Trance, in the
dcpaument of Arriege, lately an epil-
copal fee. Here is a eh^pel, vdiich has
bicn fiinon^. for the retort of pilgrims.
1'^ la featcd on ihr Suat, 50 m SE Auch.
Loll. I 9 I', lat. 4_H o N

l.Uuiartlh u town of Wales, in Car-
digandnre, willi a market on Tneid ly,
15 in !■ by N ( ardigan, and iij w by M
London.

Llanbfd'^r^ n corporate town of Wales,
in Ciuligan!liire, wih a market oii
Saturday, .'iid a confuierable traffic in
horfe: , cattle, ^|^g8, failed butter, and
tanned and raw hi'les. It is feated on
the Tyvy, over which is an ancient
brid^'e ii'io Ca:martln'nlt.ire, 23 m e
Can''; in, and 211 vv by n London.

Llomiaff', a city of Wales, in Gla-
morgai iliii' , though now a very final!
place, and ha- no n-.'.rket. Thf cotie-
dral is fingnlir ii. nut Inviii'? a irol'i
adk, and ferven for the panlh ctiurch.
Great quantitic-', of vegrtablcs' arc feiit
hence to M' rdiyr Tudfyl and other
plact s. It is f.attd on t.i"' river Tatt", t
m WNW Cardiff, and 163 v Lonrtco.

Lhnidilrnv'r hrrji, A '. diage ot Wales,
in Car(ii;r iiiiiir* , on the .'' Lio-ak of the
river ">»i li, 7 ni nk Llahbcutr. It is
famou for the lynod held here, in 5111,
where St. David pr.ached againit the
Pehtgia-i hereiy ; ;md it l^as a fpaci'-is
church. A rMciety,o! whom the l-'llicp
of St. D.vid is pretidtnt, arc buildi.:^ :i
clerical leminary here.

I./inuliloi'nwr, a town of U a'rs, in
Carniarihenfhire, with a mnrhet cii
Saturday, ar.»l a manufacture of Ilannel.
Near it arc tjie pu'^lcnefque itma ns of
Dinevawr caftle. It ib leatcd oi' t!ie
iidt- of a hill, hy the liver Towy, i,s
re. I'. Carmarthen, and 205 u by -S
Loudon.

L/andovert/, a town of Wales, in
Carmartlicniliiie, with a market ou
Saturday. Here ari- d^e remains of a
eaille, on an inlulated rock of liimo
elevation, without any thing of a rocky
nature near it, or :'.ny riling ground.
It is featt d near tlie Towy, ;6 m i:.Nii
Carmarthen, and 191 w by n London.

IJaricIi/jl/, a town of W.des, in Car-
diganihire, with a market on Thurfd.iy ;
fituate Oil the Tyvy, 15 m est Cardi-
gan, and 27,5 NN'w London.

hlanerchijinedd, a town of Wales, in

1- ?!■'

u

^»'f- 1 f-i

.1

1 1

LLA

Aiij;lcfey, wltli a market on Wt-diief-
lijy, 15 m WNw Ikaumaris, ai)J 268
Nw London.

Llonellyt a town of Wales, in Car-
niarthtnftiirt', wit'u a market on Wed-
ncfday, and a co.iridcrable trade in coal;
r»Mted on thebi.iry, on a CTCck ut" the
Bri(tol chann' I, 10 ni isE Carmarthen,
Mn ' azi v by n Loiidnn.

JjLnfahi a town of WaK-B, in Mont-
gomcrylhire, with a market on Satnr-
day; feated on the Vyrnwy, i% m Nw
Montgomery, and 180 London.

Llanfyll'm, a corporate town of
Wales, in Montgomcry(hirc, with a
market on ThurOlay ; leated in a flat,
among hill*, netr the river Cane, 15 m
N by w Montgomery, and 186 Nw
London.

Llnngadoc, a town of Wales, in Car-
marthenll re, with a market on Thurf-
day, 18 m E by N Carmardicn, and 195
w by N London.

Llanfrollcn, a town of Wales, in
Denbighlhire, with a market on Satur-
day. Near it, on a fleep mountain,
are the remains of Caftle Dinas, once a
ftrong place ; and about a m diilant is
Valle Crucis, an abbey, one of the fineft
pieces of antiquity in Wales. The town
ftands on the Dec, over which is an an-
cient bridge, 11 m ssw Wrexham, and
192 Nw London.

Uanidloes, a town of Wales, .'n
Montgomeryfliirc, "ith a market on
Saturday ; leated on the Severn, 18 m
sw Montgomery, and 188 wnw London.
Llanrnvji, a town of Wales, in Den-
bighlhire, with a market on Tuefday.
It is the center of the bufinefa of the
vale of Conway, and ftands on the Con-
way, over which is a bridge into Car-
narvonfhire, 15 m wsv Denbigh, and
226 NW 1 ondon.

Llanjlephan, a village of Wales, jo
m S8W Carmarthen, near the mouth of
the Towy ; noted for tne remains of i's
caftle on the funnmit of a l)old hill,
whofe hafe is walhed by the fea.

Llantriffent, a coiporate town of
Wales, in Glannorganlhire, with a mar-
ket on Friday. It had a caftle, which
is nearly dellroyed- It is la m nw Car-
diff, and r^i w London.

Z./<a«^^«r«, a corporate town of Wales,
in ( armaribeiifhire. with a market on
Friday. Ir ftands at the mouth of the
'I<my, where, on a low rock, are the
ruiiis of an ar.nt.nt c.ift'e; and on the
other fide the river are the remains of
th.'it of Llanft piian. Llaughar' is la
m sw Carri?rthen^ and 24 j vv by N
Londc i.

I. o n

LUrtna ; fee Lerena.
Lloret, a town of Spain, .in Cat tloniA..
on the SK coaft, ao m w. ^;.lta,(>

JJou(r/ior, a corporate town of U ales,
in GlamorganJhirc, with llir 'ul'i <■• ;
caftle on a mount. It has a <•;:>. Iid<rn'j|c
trade in coal, but no regular niiirkct ■■,
and ftands at Hie mouth of a ri vrr jf us
name, over which is a Icrry 'uto Oar-
niarthenfliire, 7 m wNw Swanfea, and
212 w London.

f'O, St. a town of France, in the de-
p.irtment of Manche, with a citadel,
and manultuftures of (i^rfjes, Ihalloon.-!,
ribands, and gold and lilvcr Lire; fat-
ed on the Virc, la m e Coutancos, and
1 25 w by N Paris.

l^ortnda, a town of Congo, capital of
Angola, and a billiop's fee, with a fort.
It ftands on the Atlantic, and has a good
harbour formed by the ifland of Loand.j,
18 m in length, lying a little off the
coaft. The town is large and hand-
feme, confidering the country, contain-
ing 3000 houfca, built of ftone, and
covered with tiles. Befule thel'e, then?
are a vaft number of huts made of ftraw
and earth. It belongs to the Portu-
gnefc, and is 260 m ssw .St. Salvador.
Lon. 15 15 E, lat. 8 40 s.

Loaritro, a kingdom of Congo, Ixi'nd-
ed on the n by Gabon, e and a by
Congo Proper, and w by the AUai tic.
The land is fo fruitful that it yield.s
three crops of millet in a year ; and
there are a great number cd trees,
whence palm wine is drawn. The
women cultivate the ground, fois , and
get in the harveft. The inhabitants
are black, well-made, mild, and tra(fl-
able.

Loans;,-:, the capital of the kingdom
of t'l! )!u:;e name, with a harbour, at
the rnorS;! of the Qnilla. The Itreets
are WmC, and lined with palm-trees,
bananas, and bacavas. The houfes are
oblong, and have only a ground floor;
fcparated from each other, and fenced
round with a hedge of palm-twigs,
canes, or bolrufhes. In the center of
the city is a large fquare, fronting the
royal palace, which forms another
fquare, a mile and a half in compafs,
furrounded by a palifado of ftately
palm trees. The principal trade confifts
in elephants teeth, palm-cloth, copper,
tin, lead, iron, and Haves. It is 230 m
WNW St. Salvador. Lon. ri 45 e, lat.

4 »5 s-

Loano, or Lovano, a town of the ter-
ritory of Genoa, near the fea, 6 m ssw
Finale.

Lobau, a town of W Pruffia, with a

caftle, V
.> m »■

Lot"

ii» n* «

"Lobe

in Voii

the la-

quanti

made

22 ITl

lit. 50

Lol>

dura,

I3ad

1.0/
in Ml
I.0L
the pi
M;i«>
Lc
in
m s .
lo
bailiv
It ou
Fran
hang
view
was

|f<df-ra';Jc

!"«•'• jf Us

f<'t'> Oar-
i'ea» and

|n the de-

Ihalloons,
rc; A-at-
icos, and

■ipital oF
'i a fort,
s a good

•I-O,, 11(1,1,

"/r the
d hand-
Cfintain-
ne, ,-nd
"'. there
)*^' ft raw

Portu-
Ivador.

inA

LOG

caftic, where the hifhi p of Culm rcfiJei,
ijA m K by N Culm

Lobau, a tovn 'if [.ufntia, wi «. i has
A iKilc III k:ray,(triped, and whitclincns,
1^ m ^\ G .rlitz.

Lohenjliin a town of Upper Sixony,
in VoigiiaruJ, cupitil of a lordflnp of
th«' latnc iiarr.c, with a rtdU*. '/reat
quantities of cloth, Ihifl's, at <l yar'i, an*
mauv htTc. It is liMttd on tht L«*mnitz,
22 m Nse Culdibach. Loii. 11 5: t,
lat. jo ai N.

Lohoa, a 'own of Spiiii. in Eftrcma-
dura, O'attd on the Guidiaiia, ji m E
Bad ijoz.

l.nhiindt, a town f.f Upper Saxony,
in Muiiia, 10 m sse L ip/ic

Lobiirg, a tdwn of Lower Saxony, in
the princip dity of Alagdcburg, 22 in E
M;ii;<lel)ur>j.

J^oci-tna, a town of Piedmont, fe.ittd
in a fiik- valley, on the river Oreo, 25
m s Aorta.

Locnrno, a town of Italy, capital of a
bailiwic, latt-ty t)elonj<iMjj: to the Swila
It contains three convi iii!*, and a Imali
Fraiicifcan monaftiry. on a rock nvcr-
hanging the vadey, and cominaiiiling a
view of the I .ke Magiore. Locirno
was once lituate on the lake, and lia'1 a
port capable of receiving liirg buks;
but nnw it Ituids at th" ddtancc- of a
quarter of a mde. owing to the accumu-
lation of land broii>;ht dov\ n by tht tor-
rent Mapia. It is .s6 m n by w Milan.
Lon. 8 51 E, lat. 46 10 N

Lorco. a town of Naples in Abiuzzo
Citra, fitiiate on the Peloara, lo m n
Solm na.

Lorluaiun. a town of Scotland, in
Rolsniiif near the conflux of th • rivi-r
Caron with an arm of the Atlantic
ocean ca!!ed Li;ch Caron, 46 m v by
s DiUji'vall.

Lochi'trtt a town of Holland, in Gel-
derland, fealed on the Bt)rkel. 10 m E
Zutphen.

Luclicr Mofs, a tnorafs of Scotland> in
Dumfrit^ihne, 12 m long and .-? broad,
extending down by Dumfries to Solway
Frith. Here oak, fir, bitch, and hazel
trees, alfo anchors, pieces of vefrels,
&c. have been dug up.

Loches, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Indre and Loire, with a
ftrong c.iftle on a rock. In the colle-
giate church is the tomb of Agnrs S^^rel,
milfrelij o*' Charles vii, to whole pa-
triotic exhortations that monarcli owed
almoft: all his glory Loches is fcated
n:» \\yf. [ndre, n( ar a foreft, 15 ms Am-
b' i'c, and 20 se Toqrs-

L cli.naben, a boiough of Scotland,
in D . miriesftiire, with the ruin of an an-

LOD

cient caftle, on tht peninfula of a fuinll
lake, and a conlidi table ni mufat^ture of
cowrie liiitn. It i« frated ne-tr tl"' An-
nan, ID m NNK OumfrieK, and 55 s by
w Iv'inburg.

Lochin, r. feaport of Pwrden, in E
BothiM.i, U.i.c ' m .1 Day o' ^he gulf of
i^othnia. 90 ni s Tornea. I. op. w 16
R, lat 64 7j N.

Lochtwinnocn. a town of Scotlar'd, in
Rcnfrrwihire, on a I'mall like of ihff
fam natne, from which iHue'. the river
B'k;I< Cart It has a conhderable m-.-
n itac'ture of cotton, and is 6 m sw
Paid. 7.

l.ocliy. Loch, a lake of Sc >tland, in
thf •iW p'rt of Iiivernefslbir'', 12 m
long a'd nearly z broad. From the
NW the waters of Loch Arkek de-
fcend uito this lake. It outlet is the
river Lochy, w'lich.abjut a mil<'b<dovv,
rrceivis the S >ean. and then flows by
the ancii-nt caftic of Inverlochv into the
head of Loch Liimhe, near Fort Wil-
liam.

Lockartjhuri^, a town of Pennfyl-
vaiiia, in li'izern.; county, fituate in
the point formed i>y mi conll ix of the
Tioga with the Sufquehana, 60 m nnw
Wiltfb trre.

L'tck,nitiCf a town and caftic of Bran-
denburg, in the Ucker mark, on the
river Rando, 20 m ivK Prcnzlo.

Lockrrhj/, a town of Scotland, in
Diimfrie^ihire with a trade in linen and
woollen clot ii ; ieated near the Annan,
12 m E by N Dumfries.

Lode, a town of Swiflerland, in an
ell vated valley of the ("amc name, in the
principality of Neuchatel, famous for
waci-.inaki rs, laeeweavers, goldfmithb,
cutlers, and cnamellers. It ia i^ m nw
Neuchatel

LodJon, a town in Norfolk, with
market on Friday, 8 m se Norwich,
and 112 NK London.

Lo/lefan, a I'lftrid of Italy, in Mila-
nefe, very fertile and populoui«, and
noted '"or its cheCiCS. I^odi is I he ca-
pital.

Lod"ve, a tnwn of France, in th<\
d'-potiMent of Heranlt, and lately a
biihop's (ee. Here aie manufiftures of
hats, aid of clotli for the ariny It ia
fen'cd on tiie l^ogue, 30 m w by N
.Montpelier Lon 3 20 e, lat. 43 4^ N.
Lofh, ii town of Italy, in Miianele,
capital of L(KLfan, and a bifti p'.s fee,
with a forireis It ha.s mai.ulacjt'ires of
pe.rceiain, and the Parmefan cheefe
made here is • fteemed the heft of 'tg
kind. The F' nch defeated the Auf-
trians at this pi.ice in 1796; in 1799,
the former were totally defeated i.y the

I\

li

<'

M

;

LOT

HiifllanR; hut the Frtucli rrjained pof-
IVUion in iBoo- It is fcatecl on Mie
Adda, 18 rn bK Milan, i.un. 9 a6 t >
lat. 45 15 i^-

Loitomeria ; fee Galicia,

Loffingen^ a town of Sunbia, in the
lordlnip of FurftenborR, with a medi-
cinal batli, 6 m wi^w i'urllinbcrg.

Lofjia, a town of Sweden, in the pro-
vince of Upland, with a hammiT-mill,
eight foigcs, and a I'lnclting furnace. It
is 33 m N llpfiil.

I.oglerait, a town of Scotland, in
IVrtiilhin-, noted for its diftillation of
whilky, I'tatcd on thcTummel, ai m
NNW Perth.

Loj^ronno, a town of Spain, in Old
Caftiie, fratcd on tlit Ebro, in a coun-
try abounding with ixccllt-nt fruit and
good wine. It is 6i m f; Burgos, and
155 NNE Madrid. Lon. a 7o w, lat.

41 it vs.

Lolieia, a town of Arabia, in Yemen,
on the co.-ill of the Ked fea. It has a
great tr?dr in coffee, hionjjht from the
ncithbouriti}; hills; inui another hill nf-
fordj a gr at qu,«ntity of mineral fait.
If has ro harbour, and fi»iall vcfl'els are
<)bliged to anchor at a d'ltancc from the
town. It is 180 m nnw Mt)clia. Lon.

42 56 B, lat. 15 4i N.
J.rjn ; fi (' Loxit.

Loir mid ( 7ii-r, a depnrtment of
France, incUiiiing the late pr(tviiice of'
Biaiioi?5. It takt's itn name from the
rivers Loir and Clu'r, ^vhich crufs it;
tlif (irU joitsth; S.irt'', ahovf Angers,
and the l;dt enters the Loire, 10 m be-
low Totirs. Blois is tti« capital-

Loire, \Ut principal river of France,
which iif'es in the mount-niris cf thi; Ce-
venne!', in LMi'gucdoc. it bejiins to bo
navigable at R.. untie, pafTct, by Ncvev.><,
Orlean-!, Hlois, Toun. S".!n r, and
Nantts, and enters the bay of Bilcay, at
I'aini^oeuf.

Loin; a dejvirtmcnt of France, con-
taining lilt' late province -t Fon z. It
has iis mme from '^o r vi-r L liie,
wliich n.M^'s N thro'i>;h its whole Ungtli.

Mnntbiii()n is t'

:pitil

Loire, Lower, > i ep.ii iiiv 1 t of France,
containing pM-foftliL I ite pr vince of
Bretaune. It liis its nam- ti.>m the
river Loire, whicii croill.-) it, .1 'd tl.en
enters the bay of iilfc.iy. Naiuci; is the
capinl.

Loire^ Upper, a department of Franco,
late the proviece of Vrl.f. It takes
its name Iroiii tiie river Loire, which
riles near th y bonryjary. Piiy is the
capit^il.

Loiret-, a (jepartment of France, late
fche province of Orlcanois. It has its

n.^me from a (mall river th.nt .1 m below
Orle.tnti runs into the Loire. Orleans
is the capital.

Aoi/zi a town of Hither Pomerania,
with a caftle, icatcd on the Pet ne, 1 x m
sw Gripfwald.

Loldofijr, a town and fortrefs of Hin-
dooftan, on the nk border of the pro-
vince of Delhi, and on the river Patle-
reah, 8 m above its conflux with the
(langes, and 100 nnk Delhi. Lon.
78 38 K, lat. 29 47 .V.

LomhnrJt/t a part of Italy, which
comprehended almol\ all the ancient
Cifalpine Gaul. Sec Ita/y.

Lom/jc'z, a town of France, In fhe
department of (Jcrs, and lately a
billiop's fee. It is feated on the Savci
j,^ m SE Aiich, .Tiul 87 Hw Tonlonfe.

Lnmbockt an illand of the F. Iniliis,
between Bali and Cimibava, 40 m long
and la broad. It is chiefly inhabitctl
by Gertoos, and on the k fide is a
town called Bally. Lon. 116 io E, lat.
3 .<6 .s.

LoinotiJ, Jif't ; (i;e r>cnIomond-

Lomond, Al.of/j, a lake of Scotland, in
Dumbartonfbite, s6 m long and from 2
10 7 wide. ItcoTitains 33 iflands, fcveral
of them inhabited, and adorned with
antique ruins, concealed among ancient
yews; and others rife into high rocky
clift's the habitation of the oiprey. On
tlie F. lule is the lofty mountain Benhi-
niond ; and t!ie rivtr Le vcn ifTues from
the 3 cxt mity.

Lonaio, a town of Italy, in Bf'efciano,
17. m Kst Biel(:ia.

Lo'irart^t A town of Scotland, in
Ptrthihire, lignalized by the great vic-
toiy oL'aintd by the Scots over the
Danes in 970. It has extcnfivc bleach-
ing grounds, and is feated near the Tay,
5 m N Perth.

i'ondon, the metropolis of Great Bri-
tain, one of the largeft and mod opu-
lent cities in the woild, mentioned hy
T.^citns as a confiiierable c'mmerciil
place in the reign of Nero. In its moll
extrnlive view, as the metropolis, it con-
filtsof tlie City, properly to called, the
city ol Weftminfter, ami the bt)roUKh of
SoiHhuark, beh le tlu* fnbnrbs in Vlid-
dltf'ex and Suriv, within what are called
the Bills of Alortality. London and
Wcdminfter ;)re in Middlefcx, on the n
fide of th'' river Tiiames ; and Sonth-
wark is .)n the oppolite bank, in Surry.
The extent of the whole, from Lime-
houfe and Deptfurd to Milbank and
Vauxhall, is above 7 m; but thegreateft
breadth does not exceed 3. The city is
div'<!eil into 26 wards, each governed
by an aldermau , and from th« ^klur-

inen,tl
There!

cilmei

two il'l

dlefe

city-vl

manyl

once "

unitti

ftcwJ

choii|

h.n

him.

choll

who!

The[

the

behJ

Orel

lo'H

aai

Sou

liOl

the

of

bai

rlcani

'1 rn

iHln.
[pro-

ihe
^ori.

f'licJi
-■ieiit

the

\y *

!avc,
If*-.

lies,

is a
lat.

LON

tnen,thc loril mayor is annually chofcn.
There itc likfwilt* 2.j6 fommoii coiiii-
c'ilmrn, a recordir, a cuininoii fcrjiMiiti
twoniciinalwlnjiir*- alio (luriff:! ot Mid-
dli'ft'X) a cti:iml)ctl:iiii, a town'Clcrk, a
city-rfnunil)ratici'r, ;i w^iir-laililf, and
many iidVritjr oflicerH. Wtdniinllor,
once a mil«- from London, but now
unittd to it, is govtrntd by a high
ftcward, who is ^;tiicraily a noijlcniait,
choleti hy ihc dfan and chapter, and he
had an under ileward who ufliciatt-s for
him. Next to him \s the high bailifl,
chofen alfo l)y the di in an»! eh.tptcr;
whole power rtrfemblis tliat of a liarift'.
ThcfubnrbBaro nndtrtliejurildidtion of
the magiltrati'S; and thole of MiddMlx,
befide the county-hall on Clerlicnwi 11
Green, have an oflice in Bovs-llrcct,
long (tilUnguinu'd for public fpirit and
liifV.viiy, and feveral other public oHicts.
Soutbwatk was h)ng independent of
London, l)ut Edward in ^.ranted it to
the city. It wai then called tlic villajie
of Souihwarle; and afterward nameil ilie
baiiiwic. In the rei^rn of Edward v(
it wa& formed into n twenly-lixili wari',
by the name of iiiidgc W..rii Will. out-
On the death of llu- ahUrmai) oi ihia
ward, he is liicceed'-d by tlie nc x! in
feniorily, lo whatever ward he may hf-
long; this ward bi iii;^ conCultred as a
finecure, and cunleeiuently llie nioft
proper for "the falhir of the city."
I he city has likewilt a high i)ail(fi' ;uid
fteward here. Amonp the eliurclns in
the metropolis, the catliedial of St. Paul
is (lie moft conlpicuous, and a nub'c
fabric. It is now <leltiikd to be the
receptacle of the monuments of fucli
illuftriuus men, as may do lionour to
their country by their talents and their
virtues: feveral are already erectcil ;
the fiili, for that great philanthropic
John Howard. Wellmiullcr Abl)ey, tin;
collegiate cluncl- of St. I'ettr, is a nobli-
fpecimen of Gothic aicliitci-'ture. llcie
moll of the Knglilh fovereigns have been
crowned, and many of them inlcriecl.
It contains alii) a great number of mo-
numents of kings, llattfmen, heroes,
poets, and perl()ns dillinguiflied by ge-
nius, learning, and fcicnce. The chapel
of Henry vii, adjoining, Keland c.dii
the Wonder of the World. St. Ste-
phen, in Walbrook, is a church of« xqui

LON

without the widla, i) out pnifliei is
MiddleU x and Surry, and lo in the city
and liberties of Wellniinller. Btftd**
tlnfc eliurchcH, u one brlonging to tli«"
'IVmpli', a ccltbialed lt.it «f law: it
was founded by (he Knighta Templlm,
in the reign of Henry n, upon tlie mialcl
of that of the Holy Sepulchre, at Jvni-
(alem 'I'l.tie are liktwili' a gnat num-
ber if chapeMor iht-ellablilhedcliuieli,
foiiigi) pi li (laiif chirches, l{onian ca-
tholic clitpel!., niei tiiigB for dill'e!.ter«
of all peifu diou', ,ind three fyn.'goguea
for the J. V.-II. The loyal palace of St.
Jitm-s i,.. ail anei nt l>in!ding, on the N
lidi of a Imall paik ; it is nie.n in ex-
tern d appearand, but die .ipartnunti
arc laid t^t be the tell rahnla'eil for
regal pa.idtf of ai'y in Eunpi. 'Ihc
royal town relidei ce is a fioiilc at the
w 'ide of St. Jitnts" park, built by the
iluke of BucUngi.ani, atid pu ch.'lcd by
tlie king ill 1761. v\ lien it r ei ivid the
app ll.iri'in ot tin Q'ltin'i. r'al.'ee. but
is iiill fn(]uiin!y <a'iid Hiukiiighim
Ilinif.'. Caill. n Ib'iife, ih« iili.hnceof
t'.c piin''e ol W.ittii, i(» flu H (it St-
Jain<s' pal ice, is a hate y Iniildii'g, on
which vail funis have been expended.
The HiMiqinMng Ilouf'.', at NMit, t all,
bv«uii in 16 1 v- is <^'>'y •* findl part of
t!;e valt pi. in i>f a palace, inleniU'd lobe
wi riliy of liie ulid^nee of tin- Hiilitli
im-narclis, but Icit incomplete. IfrKie
th'- royal pal.ice.'*, th're are many iiwc
hdiiK s ol ti e priiK cs of file l.Iooii, .Old
o! tht- noliilicy and j:.ntry. Among the
pub'ic l)uildn:>:;, v\ hich can nvtelybe
eminieraled here, -^re W Jim. niter Hall,
c.iitaiiiiiig the I'upn tne roui u-*o! jnliKC ;
and adjoining 10 which are tin- hoiili:8
of lords and commons; the (ji.ikl-hall
of liie city; the v'lirinns Honf-; the
Tow tr. an incient fortviMV, in which are
fniii" public ofliees, a nrig.i/ne ,ird ar.
feiial, the ie;-,alia of the kii^'dom, the
mil!!, and a menagerie ; the New Mint,
on L''T!e To'.vtriiill ; the liorlV Gii-.id;;,
the Treifuiy, ?iid tlie Adnuia'tiy, at
Whitrhall; the nobi*" colledion ot pub-
lic ofliccs \vl;ii;h form tliit mi^;nifi-
cent Itriidurc'cailedSoineifet PUci ; the
Britifii Mnf uni tht Royal Exchiuuge;
the Bank of I'.iiKi.nid ; tin; Culiunihoufc;
the EXcife Onice ; the F.ad India lioule ;
the South Sva iloule; the Manlioii

lite interior beauty, the malterpicce of Houft, tor the lord mayor; the Nu)nu-

fir Chriftopher VV ren. Bow church, in
Cheapfide ; St. Bride, in Flecl-Ilreet ;
and St. Martin in the Fields ; arc ameng
the othercluirches moildiltingninied for
fine architedlure. The purilh churches,
in the bills of mortality, amount to
J46 ; namelyi 9/ within tiis w^iUii, 16

mtnt, in commfmorati'in of the great
lire in i666; The r.neitnt bridge, called
London bridge ; and tlie lu(j magmti-
cent mo.'lern bridges, of Black- fri.jrs and
WcftminftiT. The inns of court for the
ftudy of the law ; the colleges, le.rned
focietieg, and public feminaries ; the

■1^;v^]■

I i

li ,'

I li

ii

li I

I.O N

h.illsof llic rfifferriil 'ra.'inir comp.ini*-!;
the Ddhlt- horpitiilN ;ii<tl othn ch irit^blc
itiltitiitioDH ; the piilnic- p'.iccx «>f «)ivtr-
lioii : Mill) its line l(|ii,iri'< itiid Hifrti,
arc .ill too iiiim<r>'iu to Jk- hue p.irtU
ciilarly iiicnti ifii'tl. Siuh, on a cm lory
view of it, iH \Uv m«tr polls <A Gu'<t
Brtf!«in, to ili»*»xtcnt .thI opulituc of
fi'liich many eaulc't havi- coniiibtitnl.
From ii c opcriin'fbof'liecoiiiitiy roiiml,
ami a prav« lly foil, it i-* ktpt ti lii..l)l\
tiry ill all I'-alons, iiml aHotc'H im .odtc-
nii'iit tor {l.tvcitii air or water. I'm
cl»'anlinf ff», a< well a* if» O'pp y ot w .m r,
.•in- greatly aiilal li>/ ita fuiiaiioii on 'he
haiiliH of the 'I'lianH's; and tin- Nrw
Rivi r, with n> my irm ti lj)iinj,'H within
thi- city iifclf. fiirtlu r ci.ntril mts to the
aluiiutaiicf ol thai iitci-dary cUmfnt.
All ihflcarr aMvaiit gi'fi, with rrlp«'«Jt fo
licalth, in wl;iclj th h tuttiopolis is cx-
cenlfd l)y fi-w. With pjiuil to the
circi.iM(riMct'(i<'iiavij;ati< ii.it i lo placed
on Ihe TiMiri;*, .nut ha. Inch ixtfilive
vet docks, i'8 u> poni'li^fVLry advaiiiajj[e
that c.<n he deiivtd fioin u ii-aport,
wiilioiit its k!,iii).(.rs ; aiul ;>t the fri'O
time hy nuan . t i'H iMthh liver, otjoyj
a very ixti-idivi' comtniiiiic itioii with
the ititf'rnal parts of ih. con:itry, which
I'upply it with all forlK of Dtcdliuns,
and, in rtliiin, tccivc fioni it fnch
CommodititH ,TJ tlry ri<iut>c- London
is the (cat of many cidi'ifi- d)lc manu-
faftures; foi\u' almolt ptcniiat to iifilt,
Others ill which it pa-icipafi s wiih the
Inarluf.l^Jltlrln^ towns in j;>':ieral Tlif
mofl inipnrtnni of its peculiar mtnwfac
turcs is tht.' li'k-wcavinjr, trtnhlifhcd in
SpltaHnld. by ri-fii^' i s fiom I'rance; a
varitty, of woiUs in jroid, filvt-r, and
'jcvM-llery; the iP.iuviiiy of maps and
prii)t«; and the '.. king of ontical and
niathi-ni lUcal iidUuitMMits The porter-
hicwtiy a bufinris oi vfiy gn-at cx'i nt,
is ado chiefly carried on in Loi.don.
To its port are likewili* corfintd f me
brarc! fs of loreign convi;erc<*, a'- tin;
vaft E India tradr, <!iil tlii^ft- toTuikt-y
and riudlbn bay. Thi.'s London ha3
rifeii to its p'tliMit rank d tlu fitft city
in Eurcpc, with rcfpcd to opnh-ncc;
and nearly, il not entirely fo, as to lairii-
ber of inhablta ts. lly tl <• tnumciatii n
in 1 80 1, the relidcrts in London, \\ eft-
iii'nncr, and ■'01 thwark^ and til tht out
panfl".cs, were S85 ^,77 ; and by th.it mj
181 1, thiy wrie 1001,578. The popu-
lation of London alone, witi in the
w.dls, in iHii, WIS 55,484. vhich is a
deciealc of .di(;ve iliriefilths (iiucthe
y«ur 17C0; owini< to the diniimition of
honie , by widcniiig flreets, and ere(5t-
ing public buildings and warehou'ls.

LO N

London i« a bifho|>'t! fte, and iVndifour
nir.ijheri to parli 'mni To < nuinrrati:
all the eventM by wl>i h this great i,»p|.
tal h.iM liieii ildli ).iiiillied, would greatly
exceed our liniil-; we Oull only mtti-
tion, therefore, the nn-at p' igin , in
166'i, which cm oft' 6h .s9^' P''«>P'p. J*n<l
th. dre.tdliil coiill.i ritioh, in Mi6'), bf
which the cthrdral and m my other
el iKches, wit'i 1 ^, joo hoiifiK, were de-
f>r lyed. l-cndoii is 110 m NNW l»aril.
l.oi' •■ 5 w, lal. 51 ^ I N.

I,n»d'iu, ^t<w. a (c<poii o*" Conne<!li-
rii'. cipital of New liond n loiinty,
\\'\\\\ til 'tfl haihoiir ill the rtitr. <b'-
f n.h'd I y ;\to futts A coididerablc
p rt of \\w town was burnt by Beiiedidl
Arnold ill i;Ki but has l)een rebuilt.
It hai fi ronridera'>lc Ir.idf ui the W
Fiidieo and is /eated on the Th.iines,
niar i^^enlr met intti Long Kland i'-und,
54 nt »•. by N Newhaveii. Lon 71 10
w, lat 41 19 s.

London, Arw, a town of Virginia,
chi- 1 ot Jieitfo'd county I' is lituate
on »ili )( jti-uiid, 1 10 m w by s Rich-
n' ltd Lull. 79 45 w, lat. ?7 lo n.

I.fj>i(Jotidirrif a county of hvl and, in
the province of Ullb r, jj m long and
;^o br.)ad , bomided on the w by Donc-
gd, N by the ocean, 9 and sw by
'J'> rone, 'nd i-. I.y Antiim It contains
ahoir 115 000 iiihabiiants, i?. divided
ir.io ,^1 pir (be;, and (ends four ttJcm-
beis to [)ailiameni. It is a fniiiful
champaign coiin'ry ; and the greater
pan ot it was giv\n by James 1 to an
incorpor tid compaiy ot London nier-
ch ults. Thelintiiinannf idnreflouriihes
thi()i!-li every part of the county.

I.o'idondr'ryy or Dirri/, a city and
feap 1 1 o Inland, capital of a county
of the f me name, and a bdhop's fee.
Ir i- a oiiiity of itfelf, and ilands on
the Foyle, over which is a wooden
bridge, 106b feet in length, ft was
biidt in the reign of James i, by fome
LoiHt.in adventurers, and furrounded by
a ft ()• g w.ill. Five m below the town
is Cnlm.'ie fort, and thi-re are four
edits by the ikle of the river. Th«
c.ithediril, the epii'copal palace, and
'he buildings in general a-e handfome.
It I' lids a member 10 parliament. Th<;
inhatiifanis arc eflim-tted at 10,000;
and I he 'rade is coiifideral>le, princi-
p.i'ly to America and thr W Indies.
T'lis city is celebia'ed for the long
(lege it fuftained againft Jami-s u in
16P9 II is 136 in NNW Dublin. Lon.
7 2,5 w, lat 5458 N.

Londonderry, a town of New Hamp-
fhire, in Rockingham county, with a
mauuladure of linen cloth and thread ;

Icitrd ii<.»l

which riinl

Long, L\
land, whic|

fxK'iidH ac
I)iimb.irlo|

a m ill l»>'
the Argyll
brunch c if

iflands.

I«Itw Y"ii

cut. by l|

t from til

but is iioJ

diiitn ; itf

t.ies. Kin I

in \i^o

of wtioml

exported

oil, pitcl

llaX leed,

miil'.lle '^
particula

Lonn
JJ Amer
i4ol«)">-'
Long in
nee*\u-vtt
Atlantic
Lon,^

bria Ulti
Lougj

proviuci

bro.^d ;

trim, N I
and w Vi
il from
34 p>ri
and kn
Il is a
genera
tainoui

pit. d c
Much
and lie

of n:i>

on ill

Lon.

Lo.

the :-

ofTf

Lo

ranU

diftri

of gi

the

Moi

J04

X

Ii four

"••rate

4.»pi.

■.Mtljr
men.
. in
:. ;inil
.by
)tner
•de-
.irit.

uitjr,

.ll)Ic

iiilt.
W

nps,

nid,

LON

Uiti'tl near tlir licul of DiMVfr river,
which run* into th«: Mcrriiuac. 3U m
isw Puttlmouth.

Lonjf. Loc/i, an arm of the fc 1 in Scot-
land, wliich, from th«' I'rirh ofClydt*.
rxliMiilH 20 III betwien the counties ol'
Dumbarton and Ar^yle, and it4 nearly
a m in hiculfli Near the inliUlle, on
the Ar|;yle lidt.-, it fKiidit utT a finall
biunch cillcd Loch Goil.

JLfrVif Ijland, one of the n.hama
idaiidn. ^c" Vtwin,

Lofiif IjlauJ, an ifland of thp flatc of
New York, ftparatcd funn C\»rine(.Mi-
cut, l)y Loii^; I (land found Jii.-xtciuU
I from the city of New York 140 in.
bnt i!) not inoic than \o lnoad on a m<'-
dinm; aud ii divided into three coiiii-
tieB. King, Qu«'tn, iiiiil Siitrdk. which
in 171)0 contained 41,782 inlial)itant>.,
of whom 4XJ9 were Haves. Ileiici' are
cxp.)rtid to tlu- VV Indies, Xc. whale-
oil, pitch, pine boardrt. Iiorfcn, c.ittie,
flax Red, beef, S:c. Thcproiluct' of the
middle and weQt rn parts of the iflind,
partienlarly corn, is carried to New Ynik.

Lon)( Ijiutiil ifouiiJ, a kind of limit in
N America, fiom ), to 18 m broid and
140 h)njr, eKlending the whole length of
Long liland, and dividing it from Con-
nedicut. It commiinic it<'s with the
Atlantic at both ends of the id and.

Lotir Lake ; fee Kain Lake.

Lo>iq;ara, a town of Napli's, in Cala-
bria IJitrA, lomvvN'wSt. Scv( rino.

LougforJ, a county of Ireland, in the
province of I.eiidler, 25 mj long aisd 16
hro?d ; bcinided on the Nw by Lei-
trim, N I, by C iv m, t and s by WMcath,
and w by the river Shannon, which parts
it from Rofcommon. It is divided into
34 pui(hc8, contains 5' ,000 inhabitants,
and (t;nd8 two members to parliament.
It is a fertile and pleafant country, in
general flat, but toward the n moun-
tainous.

Longford, a borough of Ireland, ca-
pilil of the county of the fame name.
Much linen is manufactured in the town
and (icighbourhood, and great quantities
of flax feiit to otiiv-T parts. It is featcd
on the Camlin, 74 ti wNw Dublin.
Lon. 7 40 w, lat. 53 4.8 N.

Lo7igforgan, a town of Scotland, in
the ;^>i corner of Perthfhiie, on the frith
of Tay, 4 in w by s Dundee.

Long-nan, a city of China, of thefirft
rank, in the province of Se-tchuen- Its
diftrid c intiins feveral forts, formerly
of great ufe to prevent the invafions of
the Tartars. It Hands on the river
Mouqi/a, 710 m sw Peking; Lon.

JO4 l« K, lat. 32 22 v.

Loti^nor, a town in StaiFordJhirc,

with .1 market on Tuelday, ftaied nc.ir
the river Dovr, ji m N by h BlairorJ,
.iiid \<ii NNW Loiiiloii.

/■oHjflotuu, a t(»wii ill Cumberland,
with a m iri<t't on Thurfday, and minii*
taA^hne.i of mnlliii ; leateil on tin- Ulk,
Ii m N Cirlilh', and ,^07 nnw London.

l.iNtrii.iiilL; a town of rraiiec, in th«;
departimiit of Lower Seijic, »j nv u
Koiien.

l.nngurtn, a town of Fnnr<', In the
drp.irtineiit of Muleile, with a conli<
dciable iron forge and e union fonndcry,
10 m Hw Loiiguy, and \(, N'.v Metx.

f.ongwoJ, a town ut In-land, in
Meath, on the river ULickwattr, j6 m
w by N Dublin.

Loftgivi/i a town of France, In ihc
dcp.irtment of M'ifcll--, with a c.iltlc.
li \h divided into the old and nt;wti>wii,
the Later of which iii fortitied. It wa«
t.iken by the Aullrians in 1792, but le-
taken two inoiith.^ alter. It is leated on
an eminence, by the river Chiers, ^6 m
NN".v Met/, and 160 i-Nt Tarin. Lon.

5 44 K, l.lt. At) :iZ N.

/^o'ls U Sii -lier, a town of France,
capital of the dep.irtment of Jura, with
an alility of'iiobli' iJi'mariliiu-;. It de-
rives it-i iiainc from the fdt fpriiigs in
the vicinity, and is fcated on the SoU
van, ^o m ssw Dole. Lon. 5 jo k,
lat. .1637 N*

f.on, a town of Holland, in Gcldir-
land, with a fine palacc» i8 m w
Arnheim.

t.oo't '-V '""' Jf'fjff two decayed
boroughs in Cornwall, f.parated by a
creek, over which is a narrow fti/ne
bridge. They are fupported eliicfly by
the pilchard filheiy, and fend together
as many members to parliament as Lon-
don. Tlie market, held at F-aft Looe,
is on Saturda /. They are 16 m w
Plymouth, and '^i w by s London.

Lookout, ('ape^ a cape of N Carolina,
s of Cape Hatterus, and oppolife Coro
Sound. Lon. 76 51 w, lat. ^54 2;^ n.

Loozt <* town of tiie Netlurl iiids, in
the territory of Liege, 17 m w by s
Maeftricht.

Lopntka^ Cape, the s t:;treinity of
Kamtlchatka. Lon. 15645 e, lat 51 o
N. See Kuriles.

Lopefco, a town of Naples, in Abruz-
zo Ultra, 19 m sw Aqiiila.

Lopo Gonfulve, Cape, a Inng ind nar-
row ptninAila on the coali of Guinea,
low, flat, and covered with trees. It
affords a good harbour, and near the
cape is a village, wliere pioviTDns are
plentiful. Lon. V, jo k, lat. o 4^ s.

Lorut a town ofSpain, in Aiidaliilia, on
the river Guadalquiver, I'i m Nt Seville.

- r ',

I

'i'

f

: :■; i

■1

•i-J.

fc,''

■ '•' '' '' M

^Ifl

iv

i >;i :

: "II

: .t'

LO II

Trr/t, n town of Ifpprr Sitoiiy, in
thi- idUHiy i)t' liolu iiltc-iii, jR ni ss*.
Mtilh.iuleii.

f'orhm, 4 ttiwn «»f thr |(m;Mitim «»f
TiiMiH, With '1 c<itt,( . and tiiii' i*vnii*ii< of
•nlUl'iify lii. 1 Mil I iiiapi..'ft, UriiU'
in c rii. 1(0 in ssv Tiinin. Lnn 901,
l«t ,»-; .15 « .

Lnini, ,\ oity nf Sn.iin, tn Nfmoij,
aiu? ' hilhtipH (re A K'^'iit (|ti.iiiti'y
ofl);i ill.i !• prmlncod in ific vicinity,
4iul t>)tfre ari" jntti-rii's mimI Ciltpclri*
w«rl<>i. It in fiMti'i III) .11, crniiuiirc, f«y
ilu- li r (iii.ul.il iiitii), 50 m vv Caitha-
gi-riH. l.<»li I <i V, lit. ^7 4- K,

A^ri^ //«)<it/c <iroi,/t, lu I'Xtriilivc (rrniip
or ifliiilHin the f'iuilU* ocean, ilifio-
v«'ir«|, in i7>)t, bycipi lin lluntfr, who
<li(Uii(5tlv (Ulcrird 3a «)t tiicnn, Ibinr of
iniiliili r.»l)le cxttnt. Tl»y appcircd
Illicitly covmd with wtjod, airmiig
wldcfi «lu' cocna-mit wis xcry tliftin-
}!ui(ii.il>lc. Nine «)K the iiirivcs cam*'
n«-Ar the Hiip, in 11 canoes which w<>»
altoiil 40 I'lf t loi'g, badly in,((lc, and
li;id .11) ' utrii!(,'cr. i ln-y Wf.if ;i lloul,
cl«Mn, vvcM-iu.nIo pfop'c, of ^ dark
ct>ppfr to! )tii- ; tl.cir li iir tin! in ;i knot
onthi: l)ack oi th»' lu-acf ; and ihty ip-
ptircdaH it cic-in ilmvtd. They Ind m
«irnam< lit confidiitj: of ,i luimUi' ul'
i'rin]^t'i!» lik«.^ an artificial l»card, which
VV.18 laftcp d cl.il'- iind<.r fhc iiolc ; ninl
tolMis 1)1' id 1)111.^ .4 rowof ticth, wliicli
H.ivc lilt 11 thi* ;.;)!jcar4ncc' of h;ivlng .'i
month livrtr fh.-in tixir natiiril one.
Thiy h .d holt' run thn'ii£;l) tlif I'ulcs uf
the ntj(«', ii'ti) vhic'>. as well iithroiij'h
the In lUi-m vvcu ilirud t)i.ccs o< ictd
or boiic T'vj arms .ind thi^^'.iH were
tattovNtd, ;iikI fo ne vverf pninu-d with
red aixi white llnal^s. They wore 1
wifippu* round tiieir mi 'die. Loii.
from Ij9 14 to 1 59 ^7 k, iat. •, ,^t s.

/.rrj ll'iwe JjUiii/l, an Hand in the
Pac'fic oce.in, (tilcovcred, in 1 • 88, by
lieiiifiant Kiig. Many cxccllc 't 'U'
tif have he n caiiglit hire on a faiidy
beach ; rnd it abo'inds with a variety of
birds, win'cli \\eri' I'o nuicciiftomed to
be d f^'irbed, tliat the fta'nen vent near
en Mgh to knock tlicm ilawn with a
It'ck- At the s cud arc two hiph moun-
tains, n.-a)ly ptrpi'mis nl.t, fioti ti e (i'a;
the louthernioll namc<l Mount Oowc .
About 14 m to ihf s JR a lemavk; ble
roch, nan-cd B;'l! y Pyra-nu', which haJ
mucli tht* appe.irinct: of a Ikeplc nl a
dill,>nce ri)e \^■n■^ i< near 4 m lo'ijr,
and vc/y narrow Lou. 159 o v., lat.
3 I 36 >r.

Loreilo, a fnvvn (jf Italy, in Pol. fmo
di Uovigo, iVaied on llie Adi^jc, ao m
£ Rovigo.

T. O U

t.-rtin, 1 f.iriiUtd t »\vn of Imly, hi
the rnffri|iiif4ir uf Anrui a, und a hi*
(li'>j)'» (»•»•. Tlu* CMthrdrni cnni.tinii Ihc
Cari Sinlit. 01 Holy Hour*-, in which it
if pntcndid lite virj^in M.ir\ hvt-d itt
Ni/irvtti: according to (he Itgriid, it
w,i«. c.iirieil by angOs from Oahlcv into
D.ilinatiu, and thtnce to the place
whcie it now lUiuU. Tliu houf- or
chapel in ji i(\t loii)(, i( *'road. lud |H
hiuli ; the iiinrr p,irt very old, litit c tied
Willi iii.irhlc on the ontltdr. T^«* fa-
mous I uly of Lorcto. who N Idl the in-
lattl Jcfnj ill her arms, llan ' . upuii the
ptiiicipal alii-, In a nich of lih cr • thi«
llatiie idiij It M.ir WO' ll, thitcteet hitth,
hut her fac>. ■.in hardly la- ii '', on »c-
caiiit of ih itunicronii gc ' " id hi' or
Unipit around her. She U ci ii'tcd vvith
clolh of :,mM. <ift oil with j wtis; and
tilt- Ititli. J fii, covered v'itli a lhiil«
holctK a (^htt' >n his l.aiidi am' : adorn-
<;d w'Ji lirh ji'Wi'li'. Great < .:inbci'8
frvi)' ln^Iy g^ in piii:iifniige 10 I nreto,
and tvciy pi.^.i ,111, atfir having; p«, M.rm-
fd his (.t'vocioii, makt 9 th* V: .:!•) a
pixi nt 5 tliat I lie treafury of this i '1 ;)cl
i- iinnn'tifcly rich. Sncii was the .lite
ofthidliin^luary lillit wislaioiy violaitj
by ft c French, who lei/.ed and difperfed
tlu ll- fl.or.n of trc 'lure ; that no v(-(\igc
now rem-jini of this valuable c-jMcdtion.
'I'ht inhabitaiiiri ot the town fuhfill prin-
ilpally by ajiricultuic and |rai<!tning,
rnd many of thcni arc (liocmakerF,
tail rti, and rellcrg olchaph'ts. Lnreto
wab taken by the French in 179^. wlio
plum'w'redaud retained it till 1791) It
is featv d on a mouiifaini j m from the
gulf of Venice, 12 sk Aiiconi, and
ii» NK Rome. Lon. i.j 38 e» lat.

43 27 N.

i.oreto, the principal town ot Cali-
f(<rnia, with a harbour and fort. It is
fe.-'li'd at the foot, ol a inoniitain, near
t!ir gulf of Califo'nia, 90 n) sv Gui-
tivis in New Spain. See Gii'itiiii. Lon.
Ill 4; v, lat. at) \z N.

l-orgiu's, .1 town of France, in the de-
pat tment ol V'ar, fe.'ted 011 the Argens,
16 in w Fre'us.

Lorrnch, a town of Suabia, in Hrif-
gau, 6 ni NE Bafel, and 30 s Friburg.

terrain, a late province of France,
100 in l<-.i)guiid 75 bro?d ; bounded on
th'.' N by Luxe buig and Tievci, k by
Alface and D. u.k Pont3, s by Franche
C'oiTite, and w by Champagne and Har.
It abounds in corn, wine, htnip, llax,
aivl I apc-leed ; has tine meadows, large
tbrcllfi, mines of iron, fi'ver, and cop-
per, md falt-piti. The- principal rivers
are ih*. Matf", MoiV-He, Seille, Meurte,
and Sare- This province now forms

the Jfpa''"^
aiul N »)fiit!».

l.'.rrttt •■»
pirlnH't't «>1
,.„t:i», *iid \

l,o/,'iem«ull
i;|^inlhire,

^ m N« **•'!■''

Thf* hiiht'"i

tot)"*, md l>>

l.nt, a II

the dipatui

Mendf. C

tt\e ft ir IX

at Calioi^.

Ihj; the l.ii
t.ike'* t* n
hunt »• •'«
Lot aiifi
Franoe* m
vincc ti' (J
two livrr"

divided ini
tliian, "f
jijtre, 'tid

calUe. fd'i
Angti >nr;
SK K(' lifd
Louden '
partmci\t
forge an I
B St. Bi .ei
I.nudun
partmeiit
ni ncc, .^c
Paris.

Lotiv^ld

(litre, vsii

has a lai

tower, a

chief m.

and holii

Uc. by

Trent.

4.'i46 in

feated n

and toi)

Loiitjt

the cou

that ab

m N N

Lous

county

fame n

Lout

depart

in a ki

SeiUcE

Cbalo

Lor

Otran

1 (it Call,
jrf. it is
^!i''n, ncir
s'v Gui-

I'M. Loil.

in thede-
; Argcns,

in IJrif.

Fribiirg.
f Fniicf,
iiuJcd on
<*S K by
Franche
iiid Har.
"p. llax,
vs, large
ind cop-
al rivors
MeurtP,
V forms

LO V

the depart mi'iitu ul Mrurttt Murtllir,
,tiid \ ol'irca.

l.itrit, n town of France, In Ihr d«"
pirtinriit of loiirt, ii m tw Moil-

U\fi\*t «nd .{& *. <)rli'.<iii

Lo/,'iem«ulfi • vitl igtr of Hciitl.itid, hi
M^inlliiri-, at the iiiouih ot thi' I.ojlit;,
^ m M V.fftJ), of whiih it U th> |)>.it
Th"" li.tilioiir will rrcttvc vtlHU t»f H)
tons, .iiid hiii('( niiiL'lt(;urn to c'xp'iitil

l.nt, ;i livtr (if V, lur, «lnch iili n til
tin* diparimriit ot Lo/irr, i^ifllh by
Mfixli', C'lfiorH, RiidA(.'>ii, ,iid«ii!»'r4
thi*r.ir ni'f It b«'glli» lo b«Mi.ivi^iible
at CmIkii:*.

Lot, A d< p.irtm' 111 <if FratTr, inc.ml-
IhH the late pr«»vinj'c of Qji-'py It
takr^'l* h.oiu frotii the rivi-riA)!. Ca-
liom »• •' «• I- '.til tl.

/.<»/ /!««/ (uironHf, 1 dcpir'mdil of
FniiikW, iiiiliidiiifi pirf ot In* lite pro-
vince (>• Ciitiiiinc. It it {" (.illdl truni
two rivrr^. Ajjtii i tin cripii <\

Lot/linn, n (liAri(.'t or SciMvil, now
divided into I). ft. Mid, and VV«.M I.;)-
tliiaii, or lliiMuffloKii.iri' i'.iiihLhrg'

LatziH, a to II I l»!iinii, v/itb a
cnltli', litiiatr oil :i canal \\\m jnins the
Angci <iirg and Uvuitin lakto, 7H in

8K K<' )ij;ibtrg.

Loudetic, a town of France. In thr di*-
partnuitt ofCotcBdu Nord, with an iron
iorg»Mii.| a manut'a«5liiifi)t iliiiad, uin
p St. Biii'uc

l.rtutlutt, n town oF l^'raruT, in the df-
partiTiiiit of VifiiriL, fcat^d on an <ini-
III ncc, 3omi^Mr Poitiirj, and M"; sw
Paris.

Loitv;hhoroiifih, a town in LcictftiT-
fliiri', with a nurkit on Tliurfday. It
haa a .Lirgc church with a handfomc
tower, and four mcftl g hoiiiis. The
chief m.inufaiituifs arc wo.il-combing
and lidlicry ; and it has a trade in coa!,
^l'c. by tmaiis of a canal iioin the
Trent. The nuinbcr ot iiihahit.inis was
4.i;46 in iSoi, and r, 24,}. in i?.i\. It is
IVated near the St);ir, 18 in n Lciceftvr,
and 109 NNW London.

JjOu\^hl>rirkland, atinvn of Ireland, in
the county of Down, iitar a f'aiall lake
that abounds with fpcckkd trout, 11
m N Ntnvry.

Loughrra, a town of Irela'.d, in the
comity of Galway, on a tine lake of the
fame name, 20 m tsii Galway.

Louhmii, a town of France, in tho
department of Saone and Loire, fituate
in a kind of illand between the rivers
Seilles, Salle, and Solnun, ig m sit:
Chalons.

Lovijrrtfluo, a town of Naples, in
Otranto, u m ssw Brindifi.

LOU

I.tuii, Fort, or fort I'tiukan, »town
and t.irirt *t of F' mcc. In the dcp.irt*
niviit of Lowri KImik. built by i otii«
XIV, on an ill md loiiitrd by tl.c Rhinf.
Ill i79)it vki t.diui by the Aiiftii-tti«|
who Wiri' ollll;'t»l to cviciiilc It (oill

aficr. Iti«^i:in» ll.iguin.iti, .md lU
NNR Slialbutjr.

/«««, St . 11 iflitnd of Afi cii at the
motiili ol thf (i\tr Silii'K'i'ili wi'h I f irt,
bull' by the F" iu:h. It w.n t ik«n in
i7jH by thf F.t>|{ii(>i, and Ceded totli m
In ••ft\ In t^ii- Ann ricaii war, It w U
t.ik. 11 I y till- Fniu-h, rind ktpt I y (hc-in
nUir til.' pv.it*' of 1781, till thf yiir
iKoo. wh«ii it w.iH again 'aLrn by the
F.n^l'lli, It i.^ lilt, laiidy, and barren

Loil 16 .<! W, l.lt. 15 5,1 N.

/■'.liij St a fiiiport .md fortrrf. of
S» l)omiPKf'« !it '^*-' ^'«'^'' «»• ii bay of
ii'< ii.imi-, o>' tlic '> lit'* '•* th»' V pniiiMul;!.
Th»'c'iirf icpor ;• iic'Ci>rtc«', C'tit>n,.<nd
indigo. The fortvi-i- was dc'iii'lilln d by
admit . K ' \« . - 111 1747. bii liner le-
'jiiilt. It i« 48 m w'w Len^vmr. Lon.

7 l/I ' ^^' • I ■ ^ I H I -, N .

/.«/■». St. H town of Lonirnna. of
wii^i' it ii d'Miud 'lu' c.ip.iai. and ii
a plicf of corlid •'.'blc tr. dc 'I'hc tn-
virons arc nch in gardi n yiound". It
fl.iiuN tin tlie M lliflippi. 10 in In low
the iiillux 1 ft 111- Milloiin, and 300 ^* nw
Frnkfoit, in Ki'iitiicky. Lon. 39 :8
w, lat ,,M 18 V.

L(."ih dc- Maniriunn, St. or St. Ph'hit'>,
a liai'it ol Mr.ilil, ca| it.d tif the pKi-
vinci" iif M.iraiin.iii, ;ind .1 billiop's iVe,
with ;; llrMi^' cadle. It llandi on the
1. liilf of th(.' Mfaiini, neir the Atl.mtic
ocean. Lon 45 1.? w, lit. 2 15 s.

Lotiijti. a town of Sweden, in Fin-
land, with a Ibrtrefs, tm a biy of die
gulfof Fin!an.d, ,jo m t. by n IIcHiiiKtori-

Loiii,lui,<jr, the capital of the ill md of
Cape Ibeton, with a citadel, ;ii'.d ..n ex-
cellent harbour, 12 m in circuit. It
was taken by die Enphfli in 1745, rc-
ftortd to the l-nnch in \^^b, iak»-n by
the En,'liih m 1758, and enled to llicm
in 176,5. It (lands on a long fliip of
land, on the st' partofihe iil.ind- Lon.
51; <;4 w, Int. 45 57 N.

Loui/lur^, a town of N Carolina,
c'.ief of Tianklin eounty. It is liluute
on the river Tar, 30 m n by e Ralegh.
Lon. 7lt 40 \v, lat. 36 j ^.

Lout/ana, a c^iuntry . f N Anu-rica,
cdimated to extend 1200 m in length
and 640 in hr' adth ; bounded > 11 iln- E
by the M.tTiirippi, s by the gulf t)f Mex-
ico, w by New Spain and New Mexico,
and running indtfinitx-ly >i. It is 'itiiate
between the extremes of heat and cold ;
tbe climate varying as it extends towaid
a£

1^

It

>! I

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)

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Hiotographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

^^ i^ ^ ^

o

LOU

the N# The timber is as fine as »ny in
the world ; aiul t!ic quantltiea ()fo.ik,
jifh, mulberry, walnut, cherry, cyprcfs,
and cidar, are aitonilhitip- -I'hc m-i^h-
bourhood of the Miflllfippi furnilhcs
the richcft fruits in great variety ; and
here an* the chief fcttltiiicnta of the
white inhabit, I its, which at prtfent arc
few. The foil is particularly adapted
for hemp, flax, .ind tobacco; and indigo
is a (taple commodity. It is iiiterlcfted
by a luiinbcr of fine rivers, amiug which
are the MifToiiri, Arknnfa, Moingona,
and Natchitoches, which all flow into
the MiflTiflTippi. The chief articles of
trade are indigo, cotton, rice, beans,
wax, and lumber. This country was
dilcovered by Ferdinand de Soto, in
i54ii traverfed by M. de la Salle, in
1682; and fettled by Louis xiv, in the
beginning of the 1 8th century. In i;63,
it was ceded to Spain ; reitored to France
in 1 80 1, and by France transferred to
the United States, in 1803. The popu-
lation in 1810 was 20,845. St. Lolii;
atid New Madrid are the chief towns.

Louipvi/le, the capital of the Hate of
Georgia, and in Burke county. It has
a college, with ample and liberal endow-
ments ; and is feated on the n fide of
the Ogeechee, 5am ssw Augufta, the
former capital. Lon. 82 17 w, lat.
32 42 N.

Loiiifville, a town of Kentucky, capi-
tal of Jefferfbn county, feated on the
Ohio, jufl above its rapids, at the head
of which is a fort. A canal, 3 m in
length, has been cut on the fide of the
river, and by this vefTels afcend and
, defcend without danger. It is 50 m
w Frankfort. Lon. 85 52 w, lat.
38 14 M.

Louht a town of Portugal, in Algarva,
furrounded by antique Nvalls, and feated
on the river Louie, 10 m Nw Faro, and
aa wsw Travira.

Lou-fi^an, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in theprov'nc! of Chan- fi.
It is fituate near the fou.-;,e of the Tfo-
tlanp, 270 m ssw Peking. Lon. 11234
Ji, lat. 36 42 N

Lourde, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Pyrenees, with a
caftleon a rock, 10 m nw Bagneres.

Lourical, atown of Portngal, in Beira,
a8 m s by w Coimbra.

Lout/it a county of Ireland, in the
province of Leinfter, 39 m long and 13
broad ; bounded on the n by Armagh
and Carlingford bay, E by the Irifh Tea,
w by Monaghan and E Meath, and s by
E Meath, from which it is parted by the
river Boy ne. Itis a fertile country, con-
tains so pariihes> an^ about 57,750 in-

LOW

habitants, and fends four membni td
parliament. Drogheda is the capital

Lout/i, a town of Ireland, in the
county of the fame name. 18 m nnvt
Drogheda.

Louth, a corporate town in Lincoln-
(hire, with a market on Wednelday and
Saturday, and a manufadure of blankets
ail 1 carpets. Here is a noble Gothic
church, with a lofty fpire, and a frre-
fchoo! founded by Edward vi. It has
a navigation, by means of the river Lud
and a canal, to the German ocean, at
Tetney creek. It is 28 m ne Lincoln,
and 144 N London.

Loutzk ; lt?e Lucks.

Louvain, a city of the Netherlands,
in Brabant, with an old caflle, and a ce-
lebrated univerfity. Its walls are near-
ly 7 m in circuit, but within them are
many gardens and vineyards. The
churches, convents, and public build-
ings arc magnificent. Large quantities
of cloth were formerly made here, but
it is now chiefly noted for good beer.
It was taken by the French in 1746,
1792, and 1794. It is feated on the
Dyle, 14 m E by N BrufTels, and 40
NE Mons. Lon. 4 41 e, lat. 50 53 n.

Louviers, a fortified town of France,
in the department of Eurc, with a con*
fiderable manufadlure of fine cloths;
feated on the Eure, 10 m i; Evrcux,
and S5 NW Paris.

Lowvo, a town of the kingdom of
Siam, with a royal palace, 50 m n
Siam. Lon. 100 52 e, lat, 14 56 n.

Louvres, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Seine and Oife, 21 m n
Paris.

Lowenburgt a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Jauer, feated on the Bo-
ber, 21 m wsw Lignitz.

Lotwenftein, a town of Franconia, ca-
pital of a county of Mie fame name,
9mESEHeilbron, and2i NNEStutgard.

Lowenjiein, a fort and ancient caflle
of S Holland, at the w end of the ifland
of Bommelwert. Inthiscaftle, in 1618,
Hugo Grotius was confined, and after
three years imprifonment was conveyed
away by a ftratagem of his wife, in a
returned box ufed for the purpofe of
carrying books. - It is 16 m e Dort.

Lofwejioff, a town in Suffolk, with a
market on Wednefday. The chief trade
is in the mackerel and herring fifheries ;
and it is much frequented for fea«
bathing. Here are forts and batteries
for protedling fhips in the roads. It
flands OD a cliff, the mofl eaflerly point
of Great Britain, 10 m s Yarmouth^
and 117 NE London. Lon. i 44 £« lat»
5» »9 V.

mile l.ti\g ar
It in of no
with pike al
all the othJ
fr,,m N to I
Mi-Ubrc^k,
Ciom;tch w|

L^tinate of
feated on thi
and 30 N Hf
LoivojUzA
'circle «>fLt'u|
tft part of if
eng.ieemcnt|
Pruinans.
m wsw Let
Loxa, or
Granada, wl
i;dt-work. al
on the fide «
Xcnil, 18 m
Loxa, or
pitulof aju
famous for
and cochint
tured here
ftands at thf
Amazon,
78 46 w, lat
Lounf, 01
which rifes
Kirby LonP
after enters
Lozerct a
eluding the
It is mount
its name fi
mountains.
y>tt, a io>
rat, 8ms
Luarca,
near the fei

Luban,
vernment
N end of
70 m E by

56 55 N.

Luban,
palatinate
Sluck.

Luhben,
a diftridt <
veralchui
and a lar^
ble. It
I'wampy
Lon. 13
Lubec,
Saxony,
lately th
. prince oi
of the fa

L U B

t.owes water, a lake in Ciimlinlinc!, a
liiilf liMig ami a qmrtcr of \ milt* bro d.
It ii of no great litptb, luir altoinuls
with pike ami perch. In oppfifitimi to
all the otlur likcH, it has its courfc
fr 'm N to 8, aii'1, iirnJor tin- lolty
Mcllbrc^k, rnns into tlii; n end of
Crom;ich waU-r,

Loivitz, a town of Poland, in the pa-
latinate of Rava, with a (Iroiijr torttf Is ;
ftalcd on the ii/ura, 21 m s Plockfko,
and 30 N Rhvi.

Loivo/itz, a town v)f Bohi-mla, in the
'circle of Lt'ii'mcrit/.. In i 7i;6, thi-prcat-
cft part of it wan biniU in an oh/bnati;
eng^cremcnt betwirn the Saxons an. I
Prulfians. It is fiatcd on the Egra, 5
m wsw Lcutn^critz.

Loxa, or Lojcx u t iwn of Spain, in
Granada, with a Mooiilh cartle, a royal
lalt-work, and a copper forge; li-ated
on the fide of a mountain, by the river
Xcnil, a8 m w Granada.

Loxa, or /^o/rt, a town of Quito, ca-
pital of a jurildiction of the iann! n;ime,
famous for producing tine jelhits bark
and cochineal. Carpets are minufac-
tiired here of remarkable fineuefs. It
(lands at the head of a n w branch of the
Amazon, 180 m sse Guayaquil. Lon.
78 46 w, lat. 4 15 s.

Loyne, or Lune, a river of England,
which riles in Weftmorland, flows s by
Kirby Lonfdale to Lancafter, and Coon
after enters the Irilh lea.

Lozerc, a department of France, in-
cluding the late territory of Gevaudan.
It is mountainous and barren, and has
its name from the principal ridge of
mountains. Mende is the capital-

/-«, a town of Piedmont, in Montfer-
rat, 8 m s Cafal, and 8 w Alexandria.

Luarca, a town of Spain, in Afturias,
near the fi-acoaft, 30 m n w Oviedo

Luban, a town of RuITm, in the go-
vernment of Livonia, leated near the
N end of a lake of the lane name,
70 ra E by s Riga. Lon. %6 36 e, lat.

56 55 N-

Luban, a town of Lithuania, in the
palatinate of Novogrodcck, 20 m se
Sluck.

Lubben, a tov.'n of Lulktia, capital of
a diftridt of the lame name. It has I'e-
veral churches, acaltle.a noble hoipital,
and a large edifice where the diets alTem-
ble. It is leated on the Spree, in a
I'wampy country, 40 m sse Berlin.
Lon. 13 55 u, lat. 58 o N,

Lubec, a city and Icaport of Lower
Sax(my, in the duchy of Holftein, and
lately the fee of a bifliop, who was a
prince of the empite It was the head
of the famous hanfeatlc leaguci formed

LUC

herein ii64» and the m.ift comrhercial
city of the north; but it now his hill:
gKMt part of its tra' e The doors of
the houfcs are lo large as to admit car-
riage.s into the hall, which frequently
)i.rvcs for a coiclihoiile. The town-
li'iifo is a f'nperb tiriirtnre, and has (i.--
vcral towers ; there is alio a fmecouiiciN
liDUle and an exch mge. There are four
large chiircl-.es, bi fule the caihedr.il, in
which is a liamlliimc flatiie of the virgin
Muy, a curious clock, and a proiligimis
I uge ot:,'.Mi. Tilt re were fornierly lour
convents; that of ^t. John h,is nill'Hjnie
protelt.uit go Is, inulcr the gnvernment
of an abliels; thatoF:^t. .M, try is turned
into ;in liolp-tal ; that (,f St. Ann is
mule a hotilc cf corredt' >n ; .Tlidthat of
St. Cith.iriiie is now a handlbme col-
lege, l.ubec is featv'd at the conflui'nce
of lome rivers, the laigcrt of which is
the Trave, 14 rn sw of the Baltic, and
is NE Hamburg. Lon. 1049 t, lat. 53

52 N.

Lubfc, an ifland in the Indian oce'in,
ni-ar the ifland of Madura. Lon. iiz
22 H, lat. 5 50 s-

Lubecke, a town of Weftphalia, in the
principality of Minden, with a trade la
yarn and linen, 14 m w Minden.

Luben, a town of Silefia, in the pi in-
cipality of Lignitz, leated on the Katz-
bach, J4 m N Lignitz.

Luben, a town of Lu(ktia, with a caf-
tle, on the river Spree, :o m jjw Cotbus.

Lubitz, a town of Lowei Saxony, in
the duchy of Mrcklenburg, on the river
Elda, 13 m 3 Guftrow.

Lublenitz, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Oppclen, 32 m e Op-
pelen.

Lublin, a city of Poland, capital of
a palatinate of the fame name, and a
bifltop's lie, with a citadel. Three an-
nual fairs are held here, each lading a
month, which are frequented by great
numl)eri. of German, Ruffian, Tuikifh,
and other traders and merchants. It iS
leated tin the Weiprz, 9; m se Wut-
llivv. Lon. 22 45 E, lat. 51 14 N.

I iiblyg, a town of Poland, in the pa-
latinate of Cracow, 56 m St Cracow.

Lac, a town of France, in the depart-
ment of Var, 25 m ne Toulon.

I'lic, a town of France, in the depart-
ment of Drome, on the river Drome, 34
m SK Valence.

Lucanas, a town of Peru, in the
bifhopric of Guamanga, which gives
name to a jurifdidtion, containing rich
filver mines, and feeding great droves
of cattit:. It ftands near one of the
head branches of the Apurimac, 80 ms
Guamanga. Lon. 74 ) w, lat. 14 3* s.

I' ' ai '• :5

■«>^p«l*l

\i\

I !

w

! I

III!

LV C

Lucar, C(if>e St. the SE end of the pe-
ninl'tila of Cilifoinia. Lun. 109 5 1 \v,
lut. aa 53 N.

Lueai de Barameda, St- a fcaport of
Spain, in An'inliiru, with a fine harbour,
well dffendtcl, at tho moulli of the
Guadalquivcr. It is 42 m ssw Seville,
of which it is the port. Lon. s 5 4 w,
lat. 36 58 N.

Lucar de Guadiana, St. a ftrong town
of Spain, in AndaUifia, on the river
Guadiana, 76 m wnw Seville. Lon.
7 18 w, lat. .^7 28 N.

Lucar la Mayor, St. a town of Spain,
in AndaUifia, feated on the Guadiamar,
14m w Seville.

Lucaya Ijlands ; fee Bahama.

Lucca, a republic of Italy, lying on
the E coall of the pulf of Genoa. It is
40 m long and 16 br;\id, and in general
mountainous; but it produces plenty
of cattle, wine, oil, fillc, wool, and
cheftnuts ; the oil, in particular, is in
high erteem. The common people
ufually cot cheftnuts inftead of bread ;
and they are the moft induftriousof any
in Italy, for no fpot of ground is ne-
gle^ed. The government was ariftocra-
»ic ; but in the recent revolutions of
Italy this ftate adopted a oonfular con-
ftitu lion, under the protC(5l ion of Franct-.

Lucca, a city of Italy, capital of the
republic of the fame name, and an
archbifliop's lee. It is nearly 3 m in
circuit, furrounded by a rampart plant-
ed with lofty trees, and contain!* 40,000
inhabitants. The ftate palace is a largo
building, and includes the arfenal l-I< re
are confiderable manufadturt's of liik,
and gold and filver ftuffs. Lucca was
entered by the French in 1796, evacu-
ated in 1799, and re-entored in 1800.
It is ieuted in a fruitful plain, near the
river Serchio, 10 m ne Pifa, and 37 w
Florence- Lon. jo 35 k, lat. 43 50 n.

Luce, a fpacious bay on the s coaft
of Scotland, in Wigtonfliire, lying f. of
the pi-omontory called the Mull of Gal-
loway. The river Luce enters its ^k
extremity, at the town of Glenluce.

Lucena, a town of Spain, in Anda-
lufia, 36 m ssE dordova, and 42 wsw
Granada.

Lucera, a city of Naples, capital of
Capitanata, and a bilhop's fee. The
town is fmall but populous, and has a
manufafture of cloth. It is 75 m ne
Naples. Lon. 15 .34 c, lat. 41 a8 n.

Lucern, one of the cantons of S\¥if-
ferland, 30 m long and ao broad ;
bounded on the e by the cantons of
Underwalden, Schweitz, and Zug, and
on all the other fides by the canton of
Bern. The air is mild, and the foil un-

LUC

commonly fertile. Freedom and opcn-
nelii of manners charafterize the inha-
bitants, who are Homan catholics, and
computed at 100,000. The govern-
ment WIS ariftocratical, with a certain
mixture of democracy.

Lucern, the capital of the canton of
the lame name, m Swiflerland. It is
divided into two parts by a branch of
the Reuls, which here enters the lake
of Lucern. It has no manufadlurcs i)f
confequence, and little commerce ; the
merchants being principally engaged in
the commiflion bufinels, upon goods
pafling between Italy and Germany,
over Mount St. Gothardand the Wald-
ftadtcr fee. In the cathedral is an or-
gan of an extraordinary fizc ; the centre
pipe is 40 feet long. The bridges that
fkirt the town, round the edge of the
lake, are the fafhionable walk of the
place ; being covered at the top, and
open at the fides, they afford a conftant
view of the romantic country. Lucirn is
30 m sw Zurich, and 35 e Bern. Lon. 8
i4E,lat.470N. See tValdJladter See.

Lucerna, a town of Piedmont, in a
valley of its name, 15 m sw Turin.

Luchow, a town of Lower Saxony,
in tlK- dnchy of Luneburg, iituate on
the Jct/.e, 1 1 m s by E Dannekrg.

Luc/iowice, a town of Lithuania, in
the palatinate of Novogrodeck, 40 m
if,i'. Novogiodeck.

I.>chi, St. one of the windward Ca-
ribe iflands, 27 m long and 1 a broad.
Itconfifts of plains well watered with
rivulets, and hills furnifhed with tim-
ber ; and has feveral good bays and
commodious harbours. By the peace
of 1763, this iiland was allotted to
France. In 1779 it was taken by the
EngHlh, reftored in 1783, taken again in
1794, evacuated in 1795, and again
ta'^en in 1796. There are two high
mountains, by which this ifland may be
known at a confiderable diftance. The
N end is ai m 8 of Martinico. Lon. 60
51 w, lat. 14 o N.

Lucia, St. one of the Cape Verd
iflanda, to tl.; w of that of St. Nicholas.
Lon. 24 3a w, lat. i6 4.? N.

LuciaiSt. a town of Paraquay, In the
province of Plata, on a river of the fame
name, at its conflux with the Parana,
340 m M by w Buenos Ayres. Lon. 6»
54 w, lat. 29 30 s.

Lucia, St: a town of Sicily, in Val di
Demona, on a river of the fame name,
18 m w by s Meffina.

Luciano, a town of Spain, in Anda.
lufia, 8 m WNW Ecija. ,

Luciano, a town of Spain, in New
Caftile, 19 m w Ciudad Real.

and oprn-
•he inha-
tiolics, and
l»c govern-
Th a certain

le canton of
land. It iB

branch of

|f9 the lake

jfaiJtijrfs of

itfrce; the
engaged in
lipnn goods

Germany,
I the Wald-
al is an or-
|; the centre
iridgcs ibat
edge of the
alk of the
I* top, and
I a conftant
■• Liictrnis
rn. Lon. 8
fadfer See.
mont, in a
Turin,
'er Saxony,
lituate on
ekrg.
ithuania, in
leek, 40 m

Edward Ca-
i tz broad,
utered with

with tim-
1 bays and
' the peace
allotted to
ken by the
:en again in
and again

two high
»nd may be
ince. The
)• Lon. 60

"ape Verd
. Nicholas.

uay, in the
if the fame
le Parana, .
Lon. 6<f

, in Val di
rie name,

in Anda<

in Nevr

LUC

liifi/o, n town of Niplcs, in the
county of Molife, 11 m nk Mohfe.

Lucirtu, the capital of Lower Lufa-
ti,i. The inh,'il)itants, rrany of whom
are Vandals, fubfifl by brewing and
h.itiJicraft iiuiincllt's. It is fcatcd in a
Avaiiipy country, on the rivulet Gtila,
;3 m wNvv Coibus. Lon. 13 46 k, lat.

Jjl <2 N.

Luckemuald, a town of Brandenburg,
in tkc Middle mark, capital of a circle
of its name ; featcd on the Nute, 13 m
s Potfd.im.

L'tcknonv, a city of Ilindooflan, ca-
pital of Oude. It is without walls,
and the palace of the nabob Hands on
:i hi.^rh bank near the Goomty. The
hoiifes arc chiefly mud walls, covered
with thatch ; many arc entirely of mats
and bamboos, thatched with leaves or
ftraw ; and vtry few arc built with
brick. The ftn'cts are crooked, narrow,
and woi fe than mod in India. In the
dry (talon, the dull and heat are in-
tolerable; in the rainy feafon, the mire
is To deep, as to be fcarcely paflable ;
and the elephants of the nabob and his
court, continually paflTing the ftreets,
are a great annoyance to paflengers and
Shopkeepers. The houfes of the mer-
chants are of brick, lofty and ftrong;
and there are fome, but not many, mag-
ni.cent edifices. Lucknow is no m
NNw Allahabad. Lon. 81 ao e, lat. «6

50 N.

Luckot or Lautzk, a town of Poland,
capital of Volhynia, and a bidiop's fee
with a citadel. In 1752, the greateft
part of it was deftroyed by fire. It is
feated on the Ster, 75 m n e Lemberg,
and 175 sE Warfaw. Lon. 25 ^ ",
ht. 51 13 N.

Luco, a town of Naples, in Abruzzo
Citra, on the w bank of the lake Ce-
lano, 9 m ssw Celano.

Lufen, a town of Fr?nt?, in the de-
partment of Vendee, and lately an epif-
copal fee; f.Mted in a morafa, 17 m n
Rochelle, and 508 Nantes.

Liiconia, or Luzon, the chief '>f the
Philippine iflands, in the Pi'cific ocean.
It is 350 ni long and 140 broad, befide
a peninl'ula of very irregular breadth
that fhoots out 180 m at the sk angle.
It is not fo hot as might be expe(5ted,
being well watered by lakes and rivers,
and the periodical rains, which inundate
all the plains. There are feveral volca-
i:os in the mountains, and a variety of
hoi fprings. The produce is wax, cot-
ton, fiik.wildcinnamon, fulphur,cocoa-
imU, rice, gold, copper, horles, buf-
faloes, and game. Philip 11 of Spain
formed a fchemc of planting a colony in

L IT D

the Philipplno iflands, which hid bee*
neglcdlcd lince ihcdifcnvery ot them by
Magellan, in 152 1. Matiiila, in tlii«
idand, wan the It ition cliofi-n for the ca-
pital of the new t (livlililhmcnt. Hence
an aiStive commercial intercourt'c began
with the Chi icf'e, a conliderable num-
ber of whom fettled here, under the
Spanifh protetJtiiti. Thefe fnpplicd the
colony fo .imply wiih the valuable pro-
du(5tions and mannfadtures of Afia, al
enabled it to open a trade with America,
by a dired couifo of navigation, more
than one third of the circumference of
the globe. This trade, at firft, was car-
ried on with Callao, ')n the coalt of
Peru ; but it was afterward' removed to
Acapulco, on the coaft of New Spain.
From this port formerly failed two
large (hips, or galleons, annually, one
at a time, at Itated periods; but latterly
linaller veflels are ulcd. The fliips arc
permitted to carry out filver to the"
amount of 500,000 crowns, in return for
which they bring back from Manilla
fpices;, drugs, China and Japan wares,
calicos, chintzes, muflins, filks, &c.
Luconia is divided into provinces, moft
of them Aibjcdl to the Spaniards ; the
principal are lllocoa, Camarinas, Para-
calt, Cagayan, aad Malayan ; and there
are feveral othere, Pangafinan, Bahi, Ba-
lacan, &c. The inhabitants area mix-
ture of feveral nations, btlide Spaniards;
and they all product a mixed breed,
called MeR( >. The blacks have long
hair, and good features; and there is
one tribe, called Pintados, who prick
their (kins, and draw figures on them,
as they do in moft other countries where
they go n~ked See Manilla,

Lucrino ; fee Licola.

Ludenchcid, a town of Weftphaliu, in
the county of Mark, with manufaftureg
of iron and cloth, 44 m k by s Du(rel-
dorf.

Lttd^erjlmll, a borough in Wiltfliire,
which has now nomarkcit, 13 m N Sulil-
bury, and 71 n by w London.

Ludlow, a borough in Shrcpfliirc,
with a market on Monday. It is en-
connpafTed by a wall, having fevcn
gates ; and has a caftle, where all bufi-
nefs was formerly tranfaflc-d for the
principality of Wales. This caftle and
town were held for emprefs Maud
againft king Stephen, and befieged by
him. Edward v vefidcd here, at the
death of bis father, and was carried
hence to London. Arthur, prince of
Wales, fon of Henry vii, held a court,
and died here. Ludlow has a ftately
church (formerly collegiate) and an ele-
gant townhoufe. It is feated en the

i;

LIT T

Tend, 10 m s Shrcvvfbiiry, am! 141
Nw I,ni,i!on. Lon j .» w, l;it- .15a jj n.
f.u/hvit^/ltirij ;i t(»wn of' Smbi.i, in
thi' <liichy (>• Wircm'nrif, with n..i
mif.H*liir<s i)f cl'ih, ilim.ifk linni, mil
m.nbic pip»T. llcic U a luintini^ li-ai
hcloMj^ing to the iltikc. callt»l F.ivorita.
It is (> m N Stiitganl.

I.tiilwi^jhiir;^, a town f)f Hither Pc-
/nir.iiii.i, near tlu' U.ihic i'c.i, 10 111 ( nk
Grijtfwahlc.

Litirn, a town of Rnni.i, in the go-
VPrnnicni of l*«terfbiirg, 011 a livcr of
the fame name, 80 m s Pittilbi;rg.
Lon.'ay ,19 (■ , lat. 51 4q n.

Lilian, a tnwn of Rnlfiiii in the po-
vcrnmint of Voionetz. litre arr iron-
works and a cannon foundry l)clongiiig
to th«' crown, anil artill<'ry is fent hencf
by water to th« Black fca. Ir is Ic.itctl
on the Donotz, at the influx of tin-
Liipan, 240 m s Voron»;lz. Lon. 39 4K
E, I V 49 10 N.

Lujrnno, a town of Italy, capital of
a bailiwic, lately belonging to the
Swils cantons. It is bnilt round a
gentle curve on the sw part of the lake
Lugano, and hacked by an amphitheatre
of hills. It is the emporium of the
greateft part of the inerchaiidife th,it
pafles fri)m Italy over the mountains
St. Gothard and Bernardin. Moll of
the houfes are built of tuftllone, and on
an eminence above the town is the
principal church. It is 17 m nw
Como. Lon. C 48 e, lat. 45 54 n.

Lugano, a lake of Italy, 25 m in
length and f;om two to four in bn adth,
of an irregular form, bending into con-
tinual finuoHties, and in fome pl.nq^ s of
an iinmenfe depth. It lies betwet n the
lakes Como and Maggivore. but is 180
feet higher than either of them. It is
enclofcd between two lleep mountains,
covered for the moft part with wood ;
but their rocky bafes frequently de-
Ictnd fo perpendicularly into the wa-
ter, as not to allow flielttr for a boat,
or footing for a human being. Its out-
let is the river Trcl'a into the lake Mag-
giore.

Lvgdr, or I.itde, ^ town of Weft-
phalia, in the principality of Paderborn,
feated on the kmmtr, 24 m nne Pader-
born.

Ltif^o, a city of Spain, in Galici,i, and
a bifliop's fee. It was once the metro-
polis of Spain, but is now chiefly cele-
brated for hot medicinal fprings.' It is
feated on the Minho, 50 m ene Com-
poftello. Lon. 732 w, lat. 43 4 n.

Luis, St. a town of Tucuman, in the
province of Cordova, 140 m wsw Cor-
jdova. Lon. 67 52 w, lat. 33 IDS.

T. IJ X

LuU~ St. a town o( New Affxiro, irj
New Navarre, on the river St, .Matia,
90 tn ^ ('afigt.mde.

f.iiii (le 1(1 I'm, St. a town of Nrv/
Sp.iin, Ml the ptoviticc of Mcchoacui,
1 10 Ml N by ► Mechoacan.

l.uU Vjtnft, St. A city ot'Nrw Sp.iin,
in Mttlio.Tcan, the fee ot an archbiihop,
and the capital of ap'ovincc contain-
ing rich niint.^. and all the comtortu of
lite. It is alii) the feat of :in intendancy,
which coniprchtiuls its <vvn provuice,
and tlidfe ot N' w Leon, New S.ititan.
<ltr, ( ohatruila, and Tcx.is. The city
liands in a i)l,nn, and is of inmltrr*
(hiiCilure. The Hieeta arc neat and
nraij;ht, and the clu'ichtb m.Tgnificent.
It is Hr, n> N by fc; (Mianaxiiuio. Lon.
100 41 w, lat 2a 7 N.

l.ui-tcheou, a city of China, of tli<»
firft rank, in the province of Qijang-
tong. It is icated in a fertile country,
near the fea, -,15 m ."^w Canton. Lon.
109 25 K, lat. 20 f8 N.

LiiUi, a fcapoi t of Sweden, i ^ \V
Bothnia, wiih a gooil harbi iir Near
it is a mountain of iron ere. It ftands
on the river Lula, at tht; nw extremity
of the gulf of Hothnia, 115 m nmu
Uma. Lon n is t , lat 65 31 n.

Ltimbtrton, a town of N Caiolina,
chief of Uoliefon county. Itisfiuate
on Drowning creek. 32 ms Fayette-
villp, and 64 NW Wilmington.

Lunitllo, a towii of Italy, in Mila-
nel'e, vvliich gives name to a diltridt
called Lumtlline, lately fubje^t to the
king of Sardinia. It was formerly the
refideiice of the kings of Lombardy, but
is now a I'mail plan, fitnale on the
G(jgna, 26 m ssw Milan.

J.unati, a town of Scotland, in For-
f.iilhire, fitnate on a bay of its name, at
the influx of the river Lunan, 5 in saw
Montrofe.

Lund, a town of Sweden, capital of
Sthontn, and a bifliopV ice. Ii carries
on but little trade, and i» principally
fiipported by its univerfity, fouiKled by
Charles .\i. litre bkewil'e ife a Royal
Phyfiographical Society, incorporated
in ij/U. The cathedral is an ancient
irregular building. It is 25 m k Copen-
hagen, and 44 s\v Chriftianfladt. Lon.
13 12 R, lat. s5 4* f'

Lunden, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Holflein, feated near
the Eyder, 22 m w Rendfburg.

Limdy, an ifland at th« entrance of
the Briilol chatmel, about 12 ni from
the Devonfhire coaft. It is 3 m long
and a mile broad, and fupplies fowls
and eggs to the inhabitants of D( von-
iliirc- In the n part is a high pyramj-

i\\c,\\ rnck ca
,8 w,lat. *i
hunt', fc<
Lumburg,
the circle of
\c€t to the
VliiJin* Zel
by the due
enburg, «
denburg, «
and w by t
Vcrden. It
watered by
llmenau.
and forcfts,
boars i but
fertile

Lunehurg

Saxony, ci

fame name

are three

palace, the

zinc, the ;

demy, and

St. M'chat

ancient diil

this placf!

fait; and it

hone/, wc

burg is Tea

Hamburg.

10^9 E, la

Lunel, i

Sartmcnt
Lidourle.
cadine wir
Lunettt
county oi
of the Ze
by w Mui
Lunevll
departmei
where thi
kept thcit
Staniflaus
racks. 1
canons ii
Staniflaus
large libt
1801, a t
here be*
Lunevill
the river
ESE Nan
6 30 E,l:
Lungi
labria
Greeks,
Lupoi
on a riv
Stolpe.
Lure,
partmei
fer a la

Af

'"sirn.r'n

^ ^«. AiariH,

■n of Nev/
Mtchoaciii,

Nrw Spain.
arihUi/hop,
rcc cotifain-
corrUortu oi'
iiitriul.incy,
" proviniv,
'tw S.intan.

Tlic city
of nifKlirn

"'•«t and
nngnifict'iu.
aio. Loti.

una, I)

f ti

ir

of Qrjang-
il'' coiintrv,
'ton. Loii.

'den, ii W
" iir. Ntar
it flarids

w extremity-
's m fjNu

S' Carolina,

it is fr iiate

3 r'aytttc

>n.

h in Mila-

0 a diltriiSt
'j<<^t to the
urmcrly the
nbardy, hut
ale on the

id, in For-

ts name, at
n, 5 rn saw

« capital of
1 1 carries
principally
"on ruled by
is a Royal
corporattd
an ancient

1 K Coptn-
Jdt. Lon.

'v Saxony,
"iited near

ntrance of

2 m from

3 m long
lies fowlg
)f D( von-
h pyraiiij-

L U U

<liciil rock called the Condable. Lon. 4
iH vvjat. SI 18 K.

Lutif ; Ice I'Oune.

Liintburjf, a michy of Germany, in
the circle of Lower Saxony, lately fub-
jeft to the ple(Jlor of Ilujovcr. In-
'c1iiJint{ Zell, it is bounded on the N
by the duchies of IloUleiii and i.aw-
enburg, E by the ni irquilate of Hran-
denburp, « by the duchy of Brunlwick,
and w by the duchlen of HicmLti and
Verden. It is 100 m long and 70 broad,
watered by the rivers Aller, LIbe, anil
iimenau. Part of it is full of heatln
and forcflg, which abound with wilj
boars ; but near the rivers it U pretty
fertile.

Litneh'jrg, 3 foriified town of Lower
Saxony, capital of th(f duchy of the
fiime name. The chief public edifices
are three parilh churches, the ducal
palace, the townhoul'e, the lalt ma^^a-
7.ine, the anatomical theatre, the; aca-
demy, and the conventual church of
St. Michael, in which are interred the
ancient dukes. The fait fprings near
this pUcfi produce great quantities of
fait; and it has alfo a trade in lime, wax,
honey, wool, flax, and linen. Lune-
burg is feated on the Iimenau, 30 m sk
Hamburg, and 45 s by w Lubec. Lou.
1039E, lat. 53 I N.

Lunel, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Herault, near the river
Ridourle. It produces excellent muf-
cadine wine, and is 16 m e Montpellier.

Lunetiy a town of Weftphalia, in the
county of Mark, fituate at the conflux
of the Zelick with the Lippe, 20 m s
by w Munfter.

Luneville, a town of France, in the
department of Meurte. Its caftle,
where the dukes of Lorrain formerly
kept their court, as did afterward king
Staniflaus, is now converted into bar-
racks. The church of the lale regular
canons is very handfome ; and here
Staniflaus founded a military fchool, a
large library, and a fine liofpital. In
1801, a treaty of peace was concluded
here between France and Germany.
Luneville is feated in a pi.iin between
the rivers Vezouze and Meurte, 14 m
ESE Nancy, and 63 w Strafburg. Lon.
630 E,lat. 48 36 N.

Lungroy a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Citra, chielly inhabited by
Greeks, 35 m nnw Cofenza.

X'«/o'«;,a town of Further Pomerania,
on a river of the fame name, 15 m e
Stolpe.

Luret a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Saone, celebrated
for a late abbey of Benedictines, con-

I. UT

verted, in \^t^, itit) a chapter of nobta
canon*. It is felted near the Ougtion,
30 m NB Ucfari^on.

Lurxan, a town of IrcUnJ, in the
coiuiiy ol Armagh, with an extenfivc
limn manuf.»(iture, 17 m Nt Arm^j^-h.

l.ujUtia, a niarquifatc of Germany,
90 m lung and (>o broad ; boundrti on
the N by Urandmburg, h by Silclia, s
by Hohemi.i, and w by \li(hi,i and
Saxony Proper. It is divided info Up-
per and Lowtr. Upper I^nfatia abounda
more in mountains and hilts than the
Lower, in which are many boggy a.id
mooridi tradls, yet it is the moll fruit-
ful. The breeiiing of cattle is v<ry
confiderable, and there iu plenty of
game \ but the produtfU of the country
do not fupply the n(x\flilie8 of the in-
habitants This waiu is compenfated
by its numerous manufadlures, p-^'ticut
larly tliole of cloths and linenn. Baut<
zen and Luckau are the capitals.

Lii/ijruan, a town of France, in the
departm< nt of Vieiine, feated on the
Vonne, 15 m ssw Poitiers.

Lufo, a liver of Italy, which rifes in
the duchy of Urbino, crolTei' part of
Komagno, and enters the gulf of Ve-
nice, 10 in w Rimini.

Lutange^ a town of France, in the
department of Mulelle, 8 m se Thiou-
ville, and 1 1 nnk McIk.

Lutkenburgy a town of Lower Sax-
ony, in the duchy of Ilolflem, feated
near the Baltic, / r m n by e Ploen.

Luton, a town in Bcdfordfliire, witl^
a market on Monday, and a manu-
f idure of ftraw h.ita, &c. On the edge
of the dowus, a little to the s, is Luton
Hoc park, the feat of the marquis of
Bute. Luton is fituate on the river
Lea, 18 m 3 Bedford, and 31 N by w
London.

Luttenberg, a town of Germany, in
Stiria, feated on the Stantz, 42 m e by
N Marchbiirg.

Z«//fr, a town of Lower Saxony, in the
duchy of Brunfwick, 10 m nw Goflar.

Lutterberg, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duch/ of Brunfwick, 30 m s
Goflnr.

Liitterivort/i, a town in Leicefter*
fliire, sviili a market on Thurfday. It
has a large church, with a beautiful
fleeple, of which Wiclif, the firft re-
former, was redtor, and he died here in
i;,85. Here is an extenlive cotton ma-
nufadure, and many hands are employ-
ed inthe ftocking trade. It is feated on
the river Swift, 14 ms Leicefter, and 88
NW London.

Lutzeljki>2, a town of France, in the
department of Lower r.'iine, with a

•*

L Y r,

ftrong caftir, fciictl on a mountain, i^o
m N v Str.^fbilrg.

l.ntt.i>i. a town of Upper S.ixnny, in
Thiiiiiiiji.i, with a c.iltlf. Nfir thi»

Elacc, in i^.'jt. OiiO.ivui Adolpliiu
lnf( ot Swcdt'n w.m ktHi-d in :i tia'tli',
at the n'oiucnt of victory. It i» Icuted
on thr E'lU'-, 7 If wiw Lripzic.

l.uxfmhurif, a l:i'c fhichy .mtl pro-
viiici' ol' the Ni-tht ilaniln ; hoiiiKlid on
the » by 'i'tcvi-H. s by I.Driain, w liy
ChM'np 'jnc and Liepe, and n by l.icgr
And Linhnrp. If lies in lh«* f< n-ll of
Ardcuiich, and in Umwv pl.ictrs itt covered
With monntain^ and woodH ; l<nt, in ge-
neral, is U'ltili- ill corn and witu*, and has
a una' nnmbcr uf iron mini n. Thi- prin-
cipal riv>r;iarc ihr MiilV'lU'.Sour. Onifc,
and Scnioy. 1' btlm ).id to thr hoiiic «)!'
Aultiia ; l)iit thf whoU' country I'loinit-
ted tolhi'lMriichiu r795, and t>ii-<hiv;l>y
now lorms ihe dtparlmcnt ot Ft)r«t8.

L'lxemburrr, a ftrong city ot ihi*
K> thi rland', capital of tht dtpartmcnt
of I'oP'li, latfiy the dncliy of Luxcm-
bur^:. In 171 ^ it was pivtn to iht-
Dutch, as a barrier town ; ctdid to the
lioiiic of Auftria in 171s; •''nd liirrcn-
dtrijil to tlif French in 179.V ll is di-
vidi ll, by th»* Alfitz. into the upper and
lower town-t { tl\r former almofl fur-
rounii'd by r.olu, but tin* lowti It iitcd
in a plai;". !• is xx m wsw Treves.
Lon. 6 li F,, lat. 49 37 N.

Luxeuit, a town o' Francp, in the de-
partment of UpjH r Saone. Near it arc
fome mineral waters and warm baths ;
alio an abley, founded by St. Colum-
ban, an Iriihman. It is fcaled at the
foot of the Volges, 14 m nk Vcfoiii.

Luzara, a ftrong town of Italy, in
Mautuan near the conflux of the
Crollolo \v:tl> tlie Po. Here a battle
vas fontht between the Auflrians and
th»' F'ench and Spuriaids, in 1702,
wht'' each fidi* claimed the vi(iiory. It
is 18 m s. vv Mantua.

Luzcirrhci, a town of France, ''<i the
department of Seine and Oife, 15 m n
Tct.is

Luzon ; lee Luctnia.

J.uzx,i, a town of Naples, in Ca'abrla
Citra, near the river Crate, 3 m s Bifig-
nano.

Li//f/i, a town in Kent, with a market
on i'hurl'day. It is a member of the
cinque port of Romney, and feated in
Romney Marfh, 35 m sw Dover, and
73 SE London.

^■•^S'> '^ town of Norway, near a
lake of the fame name, i6 m nw Chrif-
tianfand.

Lj^gum, a town of Denmark, in ihe
duqby of Slefwick, X4 m w Apenrade.

T. YN

Lymt, or l.i/>Mf ltei(it, .1 borouali .ind
fc.iport in Dorltilbiri*, j(ovenu'd by a
miyor, with a uuirket on I'rid^y. U lit
ff.ited oil the tide of acrap|ty hill, nn tho
river I.ymf, at the heitl ot .t little inlet 1
and tlu' harbo'M in formed by two viry
thick walU, eali.-d the Cobbe It ha»
a Newfound! iiiil and eoilting tradw-,
and is notfd for fea-bathing. IliTr the
diik'* of M' nmonth landtd, in 1685,
for the execution of hin delijrn againik
Jamcit II. Lyme is the bi thplact- of
'rhomap. Coiam, the btncvolni. p.itron
and conirivn of the F»)undlin« hofpital.
It is iH in y by s Exeter, and 14) w by
s L(Miditn Lon. .1 4 w, lat. ^o 41 K.

Li/>»/or^, .1 ynif of Denmark, in N
Jutland, which h.ts a n.irrow entrance
from the Cate^rU, and extends iK m
acrofs the country, widening gradually,
and forming fcveral braiuhen. The vr
end is io m lon>r. and leparated from
the North fea Ijy a narrow br.nk.

l.f/tiin^i;t'jn, a borouph in Il.itnpfhire,
governed by a mayor, with a murkct on
S it'irday. It is l< atcd on a river tif its
nami , a mile from tiie f>a, and the har-
bour will admit veirdn of jo© tons bur-
den. The chief trade is in (iilt ; and it
has twd fets of biths, much Irrcpientt'd
in the fnmmer. Ntar it are the re-
mains of a Roman camp ; and in 1744
two urns were dilcrovertd that contain-
ed nearly aoo pounds wcivjht of their
coins. It is i.^ m j^w Southampton,
and 94 sw London. Lon i 42 w, lat.

5045 f^-

1.1/nchburgt a town of Virginia, in
lieflford county, on the s fide and near
the head of James river, i jo m w Rich-
mond.

LyiidharJ}, a village in Hampfliire, on
the N lide of the Nt w Fort ft, H m wsw
South impton. Here are tlie linga
houfe and Uabks, the laiicr very large ;
and all the forcft couitii ',re iidd here.

l.tjntt, a town ol Maflachuftts, in
Eni'x county, with a conlidcrahic ma-
nufadure of women's filk and cK.th
fhoes. it li (J m ssw Salem, and 10 nr
lioftun,

Lijnnt or Lynn Rftr'ts, a borough and
A-aport in Norfi)lk, governed by a
mayor, with a market on Tuefday and
Satmday. It has two churches; and
a large market-place, with an elegant
crofs. By the Onfe, and its afTociated
'ivers, it fupplies molt of the midhind
counties with >. oal, timber, and wine ;
and, in return, exports malt and corn
in grent quantitit.s : it alfo partakes in
the Baltic trade and Greenland fishery.
The number of inhabitants was 10,096
in 1801, and io,-,59 in 1811. It is 4a

^ wsw N«

aon I'"'
/, »/-?»(, '
dcparln>. "
.m 'rcli'^ '11
its R»ni lilt
cdamiti •*.
city in I'" I
pill iliiin, I
convn rc«-
l.iiiied al).
iinsvard n
ployul in
ticul.irly n
worUnianl
The <ij»yl
cent It r lie
majtftii
houle wa
Europe,
buildings
honfe, iht
adKJtie,
nnd I wo I
unitfii th
Guillotif
arc tlir»t
gates, an
was Lv^i
voUed '\

liciin? ii^

the cm V

. id \n\\^

cd, a.id I

th.it oiV

ttie ini'n

them w

35iapi.t

revolutii

fliot or

on the '

jacobin:

the city

and th;

reltore

In i7')j
wantor

their fi
judges
and of
confint
city is
with
aio SI

lying

Hho>'

bread

now

I •:

Berg*

palat
Lt

crmd by 4
riilty. Ji j,

Khill, on till.
liUitinh-t ;

•>y two viry
hf It h,i»

»"iR tr.'ul.-,
Ilirr the

I, in 168^,

•'Kn igi.iwk
'hpl.ici- of
•'" iMtron

"u hofpit.tl.
'4? W by
lo 41 w.

"•i^k, in N

w cntriMcc
'uls 18 m
grjdiiiilljr,

I. Tlicvr
"■■it<'(I from

■rik.

ffitnpfliirc,

111 rkct on
n'vti of its
"(I the h.ir-

0 fons bur-
•lit ; and it
frr(jm.nt,.<l
re the re-
1(1 in r744
*t ront^in-
ht of their
th.impton,
4J w, jat.

irgiiiia, ill
c and near
» *v Uich-

pfliire, on
W m vvsw
'if Iing8
•ry large ;
■Id hrre.
'uftts. in
jl'Ic ma'
"fi cK.th

id lo NR

'iigh and
d by a
Itlay and
Its; and
flegant
Tociated
midland

1 wine;
id corn
akps i>i
fi/hery.
10,096

It is 44

f . Y T

m wsw N»)rwith, iiid 96 m by I Lon*
Uoti L 'M. o 24 R» lAt. 3a 46 K.

i.i/in, .1 c'i\ ot' Frauci, capital of th<»
(leparliii. 'i .)t" KhoiK. an. I tlU- de of
,111 irtlii> ilu'p. Miiy aiitn|niii •cvinfi'
its K iMi ail until) ; iiul b^'Tj c .he nccnt
cilainiti'i, it wan dcfiicd the dcond
city in Fraiici', in benny, \\/v, and po-
piilalion, I lit fii'.iiriort < I'anx in tradi'i
convu rc«', and inami' i(iliir»'.« It con
laiiifd ab.iv\' io.i,rJo iiili.ihit.itits, and
iipwird <>t 3^,000 ot tlicin were vny-
ployul ill v.iridi'i mamMubiriH, pir-
ticul.irly riili Unli'-oi'lii'.' mnH vXi|uilitK
vvorkniaiilhii', in filk, )H)h\, Hi^.-r. Sic-
The ciiiy^ were ailornid vvit!i tna«niM-
CiMit liriidiiii.'H J the iit'.nlr.il «vi'. a
majtftii: gotliic «ilirtcc i and the town-
houlc wan oneoftlie moll bvuitiliil in
Kiirope. riu- other pniicipal piili'ic
biiikbii^iweictluTXcIi in^i-.thi-'csft mh-
hoi'fc, ihi' paiit'c of jiiflicf, Ijic u final,
nihcjtri', a jtiiblic libr 'ly two ciillcg''*,
mid two holpiiaU. 'I'hc hr'(l.,'r, wti.th
uniti-Q tlu- city with the fuliiiib' de la
Giiillotifn-, is 1 j6 . feet loiiji ; .md lliire
arc time otli* r principal fiilxirbn, Jix
gates, and feveal fine cluirc'ies. iSiich
was Lv"')!! ill June .yt)]. wIumi it re-
volttd rg.iinll the nati'nial ciuiventior..
lieiii).' >bligitl tofiirr. iider, in ()t.'ti>l> r,
the fiu.vvnfion ().cr«-«.'d that tin' walls
. id public buddiiinn iliuiild b.- di'll oy-
ed, aiKJ i"r iMine of th'- city cli iivfd t)
ttia^ot Vilie .vlliapcli'e. 'I'lie ciiiet's of
the iiifnrKk.iitH li.id lied, but Icveial o'
them weri' a'teivvard taken ; and of
35iBpi.rlI>ii;i, wlio wnt'tiietl bcfoiethi
revoluiioiiiry tiibiin il, f'.Hi wtre lir'er
fliot or ln'lr adid. In i;yi. hw v^r,
on the deft ruction of the tatihoii of the
jacohin!), the ro'ivtuion dcoitrd that
the city ihould rti'ime its ancient name,
and that mealiiies flioiild be taken to
reltore its m iiuifa(fliiic3 and commerce.
J" i7i)j), the iriiMids of thole vvhowerefo
wantonly put to death in 1793 aven^jed
their fate by a gent ral madjcrc of the
judges of the revolutio.jary tribunal,
and of all thi; jac 'bins who were tlieii
confined in the prifons of Lyon. 'I'bis
city in feared at the conlliix of the Saom;
with the Rhone, 15 m iv Vitnnj, ami
iio SK Paris. Lon. 4 49 l', hit. 45 46 n.

/w/(j«.7o;j, a late pri'vince o! Wancc,
lying (Jii tl;c w lide of the Sao e and
Rhone, 130 m in length and 17 In
breadth. Tiiis provi.nce and li-Miijolois
now !orrii the department of Riioiic.

Lf/fe^ a town of No-way, 8 m ssw
Bergen.

Lyfobyki, a town o*^ Poland, in the
paiatinaic or Lublin, 20 m wnw Lublin.

Lytli, a viliajjc of N Yorkfliiie, on

the ftMcoafl, 4 in wnw Whiibyi noted
t'ur its extcidivc .liiin wutki.

M.

Mithrn, n town of the kincdum of
A'ei' "«, fc.itid on tlie gulf of llona, 10
in vv l\,)\\\.

M.nan, ,\ t nvn of China, in an in.intl,
lit the etiti.iii e of il»c bay (»♦" Cnntoii.
it ii«detenili'd by f.nirf-niM The l*(>r-
tiiKMilc hive b. ci' ill piirefTioii of tin;
lii'b'iur linoe 1640. The inltahitaiiCdt
pri:ici|)illy Chi' el,', piy a tribute fi^r
the litxTy of ciio"linj; iitiir o.vn magil-
tritcs. iXiMCifin,; tieir r»li);ion, and
living .iccoui u;; to their own lawn; ami
hei'f, aecordiii^ly, in a P irtugief"* go-
vtrnor, an weU ;4i a Cliinel.* manduin,
to take cut' of ih • to.vii 1 ul th. iieigh-
boiiriitg country. Liiii. ii,; j; K, iat.
aj u *«.

.tluciirica, a ft* ip'Ut o' Di'mitia, and
a In.iiop'tt lie In t!v vi m ity ire many

fuhten Ul p '^'oitoi. It !•> fi ited 011

the gulf '>f Veni'j.', a', m si Spaljtru.
Lon. ill 7 K, I it 4 ! -f) V.

M iCiis. a ii)>v.i of IjM- o and the ci-
pMal of n diflrii't, whieii nrodiiccs inuih
iruit, toha CI), lii^ar ca'K'S e)tt()i,c;n-
nariioii, 111 I copd .''■ IS ((.jted on on^
of the fonrct-s .f tlic Auia/on, 170 m i
by t. Q Mi ». Lon. yS 45 w, lu a 40 8.
V/«f/^,>, the pniKipd town 01 Cc-
leb'S, vluiic* ih.iL innid is Ibrnetimes
cilled Mac.lirir If is a Dutch Ictt lo-
rn, lit, wi h I relJ3"(Jt ibic foit an^l p Mid
liailvHir, but til'" litter is ol iliMicnlt:
accei'i. Tlie houf.'S are of wood, and
the r Jill's covt-ied wiili v- ry l.irge h-aves ;
they lie liiiilt on thick poft , to gnard
agaiiift iiuiiuiations. .ind are afceiuhd
by laJders. The raj ill of the M doyoa
tnbe ri fides lure, aiul piys iri'mte to
tlie Dutch. The tribe employs .1 great
number of firti'Pg pioas; and their conn-
try abounds in flicep, cattle. Iiorfes, and
goats, and pr./dnces much ric'.-. Macaf-
i'ar is fe.ifed at the moiirh of a river, on
theswcoaft.andat th«'i. end of thcftnit
'.)f Mi.cairir, whicli fcn.iratcs Celebes
froaiBorneo Lon. 1 19 49 1', lat. i, 9 s.
Macck\jle!d, a lowi in Chefliiie. go-
veriKil by a mayor, vviih a market on
.\Jonday-. It has maiuil'iLlurejt of mo-
hair, twifl:, hatbands;, buttons, and
thrc.id, and mills for the winding of
lilk- Here are two churchen, and a
grarnnur fchool foiinded by Edward
VI. The number ot inhabitants was
87.^3 in i8oi, and 12,299 '" '813. It is
leated at the edge of a foreft, near the

1*1: it

1'.

!■ I

l,i I'l

M A c;

rU«r Dolin, .^6 m > Clicdn*. nn«l 167
Kwl'Otiilon. I.on. \ 17 'v, Lit.^j 15 m.
Mtfi,/:i^', a town ol'Scotlaiul, in n4iifl<
fltirr, uitli .iK"f"l I'liltour, on Ihi- ititt)
01 M<<i.iy, . Ill I. U.intf.

MiiifdiHui, A piuvincr of Tin key in
EiitDiif, f)<>iii!»|. tl iit\ \ht N liy S«r'i.i
Miitl (iul^.tri,!, K tiy Hormiii.i ,iiul X\w
Arcliipt-lajSo, h hy Liv.'uii.i, ;inil w 1>/
Atb:(i!i.i. The loll \* tor llic tiiull {i.i<t
frrtilc, Aiid ihv co.ttU in putitul.ir
aluHiiid ill I'oiii, v.l.if, (<il, ,uul ivery
thiii^ ttifitalitc lor ulc aiij yUiiluiL-.
SaloMic.i in lIiL-c.inii.il.
Mottira\ lv(r 'iln-.ura,
Mueruii,!, ail cpilcopal town nl' Itily,
in till iii.u(|tiii-iie lit Anc(ii.:i, with .1
liiii\orrity. It id ncncrally cotiiidcrcil
ai the capitnl uf thi* province, ;iiui lias
alioiit 10,000 inli.ibit.iiits '1 lie piiii>
cipal ^aW is built in tlic foim uf a tii-
innpli.il ..rch. Iti 1797 it w is taken by
the French. It is llMtnl on .1 hill, by
the rivrr Chiciito, aims by w Aiicuna.
Lon. 1,1 S7 K, lat. 43 io n.

Machaiii, a town of IVrii, in the
iudi<-ncc ot (jiiito. The environs pro-
dncc j;re.it c|iiantitic»ot"cxci'l!tnt cacas ;
alto gre.'t niiinbrrii of huge mc.ti^TOve-
trees, the w{K)d of which is very dur-
able, and lo hiavy at 10 Unk in water-
It flands near the bay uf Giiaya(|uil, 80
m s Guaya(]uib

Alaclteccult a town of France, in the
department of Lower Loire, Icatcd on
llie Ttnii, 20 m sw Nantes.

Macherri/t <* town of HindooQiin, in
the connlry of Mewat, 70 m ssw Deliii.
Mac/iia, a town of Naples, in tho
county of Molile, la m sw Molife.

i!/<jf/;//?w, oticof the Molucca idands.
20 m in circumference, and the molt
fertile of them all. It rifes like a conic
mountain from the lea, and produces
the bell cloves. 'I'he Dutch have here
three inaccefllble forts. Lon. 1:655 k,
lat.o i8 N.

Mac/lias, a fcaport of the diftrid of
Maine, capital of Walhington county.
In 1791 VValljiiigton academy was eflu-
bliflied here. The trade is confiderable
ill filli, lumber, and hewed timber. It
(lanils on a bay of its name, 6$ m ene
Cafline. Lon. 67 17 w, lat. 44 48 «.

MficliicncOf Cape, a promontory of
Spain, in the bay of Bil'cay. Lon. i 43
u, lat. 43 a8 N.

MachidaSi an inland kinpdom of Afri-
ca, lying to the s of Abyllinia, between
Ajaii and Gingirn. It is watered by tiic
M:^gadoxa, but liltle known to the Kii-
ropeans.
MachU»i a town of Scotland, in Ayr-

^r A 0

niirci iw!ti> a ctnici (lAtcd on an «mt«
notice nr.ir the river Ayr, 9 m »nk Ayr.

Muthj^nUih, a town of Wain, in
Mnntt;omirylliire, with .1 marki-t en
W'edtietdayt leat»'d un the Dyli, ovir
whikli ii a bridge into Mctiontlhlhirc.
■,7 m w Ntont){uincry, and J07WNVV
L« don.

MtiiOH, or Miii'mH, a town of Franci*,
capit.il uf the dipartmiiit of S.ionr and
Loire, lind lately a biihop'H fee It it
(1 libi.itcd for KootI wine, anil fcittd on
the I'ulc ut a hill, n«..ir the Saonc, },\ m
N Lyon, .vnd iHtl «r Paris. Lon. 4 48 i»
l.ii. 46 :o s.

M,ifi<ilJi)i\ fee i'ai-yifirt-

M.Hi'i, or Mtintri, a town of AftUic
Turkey, in Natt)lia, Icated on a giilCof
ittnauK, ill the Meditenaiuan. Here
are the luiiis of an amphitheatre and
an old fort, .ind nuiiKroiis reinaiiik of
CJKi'k inlcrip'ions. It is 150 m »f.
Smyrna. Lon zi) i\ r, lat. .^6 56 N.

lUiirrOf or Miuroniji, an iflaiul of the
Aicliipehipo. near the coall of Liv.iilia,
20 \\\ K Athens. Lon. 24 ib k, lat.

Mnrroani, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Cork, with an .incii ut callle,
which was partly burnt in tlu.- waru of
1641, and id now altered into a neat
manfidn. It is fituatc on tiie Sullatic,
18 ni w Cork.

ALii'ian ; fee Mattin.

Macultu a IVaport of Ar.nbia, in th«
pr.)vince of Iladrammt, ii;o m sw Shi-
bam. Lon. 47 50 K,lat. \_\ 25 N.

Mdczua, a imall ifland in the UcdlLa,
near the coalt of Abex.

iMadngafcar, a large ifland in the
Indian ocean, difcovercd by the I'or-
tugucfe, in 1492. It lies 40 Ic.igiies k of
the continent of Africa, from which
it is Icpar.itcd by the ftrait of Molam-
bique. It extends 900 m from n to s,
and is from 200 to 300 broad. The
inhabitants are divided into a number
of tribes, and their number is upward
of four millions. Tho native?, who
arc called Melagachcs, are commonly
tall, well made, of an olive complexion,
and fome of them pretty black. 'I'hcir
hair is black, but not woolly, and for
the molt part curls naturally ; thtir nofc
is linail, though not flat, and they hav«
thin lips. They have no cities or
towns, but a great number of villages a
finall diltanco from each other. Their
houfc.< are pitiful huts, without win-
dows or chimneys, and the roofs co-
vered with reeds or leaves. Thofe that
.';re drcft in the bell manner have a
piece of cotton cloth, or filk, wrapt

«>n An fm\.
)m r.NB Ayr.

' ";.irk.t en

''yn, «tvrr

■••orullijhirc.
'' 307 VVNW

". "f rr.inc<»,
"' ii.uinr .iritl
,'*«'c It i.
"«I K'.iitil on
'•'""t, .?< m

•'•"4 4«l,

" 'I K"i"'of
.in. Ji^.f,.

^■■>trc and

'■"Midi of

'.10 in ic

.1^> tfi N-,

liiid ofHio

^•' I.iv.idi.i,

"' K, Ut.

'it', in eho
'"t c.iaic.
'■ ^vara of
'" « neat
•-• SulLiric,

'«. in t/i«
1 sw Shi-

5 V.

^'Kcu'/ca,

J in the
llie Por.
nics K of
1 which
Mo/am.

N to s,
J- 'ihe
numher
upward
>S who
fimonly
It'xion,

'Ihtir
nd for
ii- nofe
y have
ic3 or
Hj»f>s a
Their

win-
d's co-
- that
ive a
I'

rapt

MA n

foun*! thrir mid.ilr I hut >He cnnmon
fort huvr fciircc nin'u-irnt to UhW ihi-lr
iiii'ii ilnclt. Biith men 4nil wuniin.iir
fonil of t)r.iccli'tii, nrcklaccn, aid r.ir
riniit Thfir ordinary ((hkI onliOi of
\\vr, bc.mi, pr.tt y ini«i nil, rniit, c>ib*
Imkc** b<'cf, tnitiion, K"*'"* p'Xiliry,
fiiht .It'll piircup'ncs. Tiir 11. ih ot lidgi
i* only i.itcn hy huiitcM .ind tlit'ir
f,imilifii I aiui Ki>i;(«^'>'> K'<'cii l<'avi-ii.
f^trlic, an<l wliitf prppcr conipofi- llii-ir
fauct'd. I lic> havr liuU' kiiowlnltcc of
eum*ricrc«*i and i-xch 'n^c arnnnx thnn-
frivfit gooili for ^((o U g lid ,iiid lilvcr
coiiiN '•ri.n)iht liy Eiiropraii* ar*' ini-
ini'diitily nultfd down for ornami'iiti,
jind no cinrcncy of coin is tUdililhcd.
Thfrt* arr a grt-at many pt-ity kingi,
wliore richci coidlfl in c.ittir and Hivcm,
and lliiy arc aUavi at war wiih cAch
othiT. It ih hard to lay what their rf-
11^1011 is, for th«?y liavr ntithcr churches
nor pricfla. 'liny have no rulei re-
li'iiig to marriix«' ; tor the mtn and
wotnt'n roh.tljit together Ijr fomi- time,
and thi*n leave lach othir .is freely
a>:ain. Here arc a ureat inimlier «)f lo-
cull^t crocodil' s, caniricoDii. and olht'r
anitn.ilH common to Air ca, but no 1 !•••
phants, t'grrs, lions, nor horli'H. Inlct'tii
an- mimcnnis. and m itiy of ihcm troii-
bl<-(bm«' ll'fidf the proiliiotn already
mt'iitioned, the country yicKlH fcvcial
furts of gninn and homy ; as ullo mint**
rals and pr< emus (tones. Thrrc an* only
foine pailHof tho cu.ilt yet kiumn Th«'
chief fettlcmcnt on the k oalt ia I'ort
Dauphin, and the pi. ice mod vilitcd by
1\k' Europ»'ans is 1 am.itnvt>.

Madain \ fi'C MoJiiin-

Madalena, u rivi-r of Terra Firma,
which rd'tJ in the mountains to the k
of Popayan, takos a northerly courfe of
above 600 m, and etiicrs the Caribi an
fea, by fiveral months, between Car-
tha^cna and St. Martha.

Madeira, an illand in the Atlantic
ocean, .57 in long and 11 hroid, and 150
N by K ot fcneriir Thi' Portufiueli'dil-
covered this ill I'nl in 1419. which thi-y
found uninhaiiiu'd and ccw<'n d with
wood, and on that account called it
Madeira. Prince Henry, the next year,
fettled a colony iierc ; and not only
furndhf'd it with plants and domeflic
ntiini.iN, hut procured flips of the vine
from Cypru;;, .iiid plants «it the fupar-
cane Iroin Sicily 'liiele tliiove fo prof-
peroiilly, that the <uj;ar ami wine of
Madeira quickly became article.s of Ibme
confiqueiicc in the commerce of Portu-
gd. 1 he fugar-works have liiice bu-n
removed, but the wine is now in the
liiijhcll ejlimation- This ifland is alfo

MAD

cclebfjicd for twre(mratt« all kiiidt of
friii' t» in,' here eaiui.ed (-i ihc motl rx<
•I'ltllie p'lttClion. Thr iC'-iching hiat
ot iiiitimrr. and i^ir Icy chill ot Mititvrt
are hif.* unkiuwn 1 lur Ipring 4nd au*
imnx u'l^n eontmiMtly, *\\i\ piiHlucc
fhiwtrt '«n t fiiot^ ihtO'.gho'K the /ear.
Tln'cid.r tuf ii found in ^tfit unim«
diiiecand the dr.t^-.in tree i< a n ilivn
ol tint III Old. i'lower\ nurli'.l in the
I n(;li||i ^lernlioiireN gr >w vv Id ure in
the WIU I til' I'l d^ei irr motlly formed
ot ihf myrtle, role, i if«nin, and ltoney«
fiu kle t and Ihe l.nMpur, fhui'delir,,
lupin, iic. fp< I'g up iponnnrouny in
till nifu!fiv\% I h« e .ne fi w Mputen to
Ik feen in the illaii I 1 the li/a'd is the
mufl cimmun. Canary bird and g ,IJ«
finchfi are found in the rroiin aint.
Hog.* art- the toml moll reliihed i they
arc liiH'ered lo ranj;e anions the ni. uii-
taini, and are hunted and caught by
Jogi. Salted cod is iniportC'l front
Amtrici, and is the chiet diet of the
p or. Madeira in well wati red aiet po.
piiltiiiH. The ({ritilh taiiloty lettled in
the. dl ind coidi.tg 1 f npvv.uil of twrniy
commercial houfes, and h.ive conlnler-
iil'ily mue of its trade th in the I'ortu-

S.le. In 180H, ii fnrreiuUrt d, con.
ilionally, to the F.n^lilh. Funch.il ii
the C.I pit. d.

Miidelif Markit a town in Shrop.
(liiic, with a ui.irLet on Friday, hclj
at the U)ot of lolehiook D.ile bridge.
Heie are lome ironworks ; and .1 work
for obtaining fuflll tar, from the fm.ike
of co.il. It is 9 m N litidgcnorih, pnd
147 ^w Lon, on.

M.idhti^iri, .1 town of Ilindooftan, in
Myfo e, with a ftrong hill lort. In the
vicinity much iron is fmclted. and a
great number of cittfe nro bretl It i«
le.tied umid hillH and fertile vallics, %im
K Str.i.

Madian, or Median, a town of Arabia
Petri .1, on the t fule of the «'ilLrn arm
of the R<d fe.i. The Ar.d)i.itu call it
Megarel Schuaid.theGrottviof Schu.iid
(or Jcthro) and (uppofe it to be the
pl.icc where MolU teiulod tin- Hocks of
his father-in-liw. It is 50 m ;v .Moilih,
and Ko s Acaln.

Madras, or i'ort St G^orc^e, tlic prin.
cipd ftttli-ment of the Liiglilh E In-
dia t'ompany on the e fule of the pen-
inliiia ot Hiialoodan, en the cn.ilt of
Coromandel. The fortr<.fii is of great
Orength, and a regular fqiiarc, about
ICO yards on eacli lide. It (bnuls in the
middle of the VVhiti' or Englifli town,
which has three llraigbt ilreeis to the
N, and the fame number to the s of
the fort. The houfes are covcreJ with

■^l!'

.;• l;.:!

'I tt

MAI)

N fturcn r.illcct cliiiiMm. wliich Un^irlf
a* (ompi^l Ai Ihi- Iliii'U m.trhli', 4iti|
\.t»t» »• hlKli A pnlifli : Ihiy confilt ttf
t >u|t r<»tiH»'i>lc*i with open |>«)rlicniit
ami fill root'iti And (* w ot' ihrrtt ••xccrU
nnr llonr. 'i lie innrr AiMrtnunli of
the liour<'4 .in* ntit (!• i oi.itcd, prcliittlnK
to tlir cyr only wl)i(i> w ilN | whii'hi
linwr»cf, from llir rti.irblr.likc .ippi'.ir*
Riu'c nt' the lliirco, give .1 riclliii«-|ii
gr ttrfiil ill fo ht»t ;i founiry. Ccilliii
ari« vrry uncommon in llw ronmiii
hi in^ itiipiillililc to riiiil nny wliicti will
iilill the r.iva};t» of t lie wlilie ant*
Oppoliu* the w lK!c of the fort I1 m
biir.ickt lor the l>>Uiicr« when ott'ittMrd (
nnd AilJoininK ii U a cunvk'nifiit hoi'<
pit.il. At tin- other cud ol ehe b.ur.i»'k
IN .1 mint, whrii' the Coinp.inv coin
};ol«l aiu! filviT. The wholf i« fur-
roiiiultil hy ^ lliong wall,.iii(l »lcfcntlid
l>y h.atrrim, h.inioiii, \c. welt riipplitd
with ctninit), Uuiiii. niul other ncct f-
J iticH, The Hl.ick tiiwii, which in alio
w.illi-.l .iial fiiitil'icil, is iiihahittd by
(i*'iitoo.i,M ihanu-daiiK, Aiintiiiaiin, .nd
Ji-ws. The (hi « ts an" wide, with trees
planted in Ionic of thiin, which aftord
duller fronj the Inn. Some of the
houlciiare of buck; the n (I ar^- mean
cotta^iK in «xtfrnnl appe.iraiKv-, Sut
all within \\ nt-it and dcci nt. the ci<y
(l.iiuN in a fl it cmiiitry, on a line Tandy
beach, and in woinmon with all tin*
I'nropian lettlcmcniH on tl it coaft, has
no port for llii|;pin{,' ; the coill fornnng
nearly a Ihaighl line, and being incoin-
modcd alio with a high and dangrruiis
liirf M.KlrnH was l'> ttled hy thf Eng-
lifl) abont die year 1640. it was taken
Ly tht? rrcncli in 171^, but rrilored in
»748. 'I'he prelent fort, erciled fincc
llio dediiKMion of Tort St. David in
17158, is one of tlie I'cd fortrflTci in the
polli tHon of the I'liitilti. It id 290 m K
by s Seriiigapat.ini. Kon. 80 29 k, lat.

1.1 .I N.

Slotlir (it Dhs^ an ifland in the Pa-
cific off'an, near the coalt of Ritagonia,
180 in ill circnnifcrcncc. I.on. 4: o w,
lat HI o s,

Miitirr lie Po/>.it ."X town of 'IVria
Firnia, wi'Ii a cclchr.it.'d convent. It h\
much rcl()rted to by piljirirnr; and they
pn tend that tlie io'ape of the Virgin has
clone a gnat many iniraclcc in favour of
fealaring peoj)lc. It is feattd on the
AJadelena, .r,o m V. Cirthap-'na.

MiulriJ, the capital of Spain, in New
CalHIc It was tornierly an inconlidcr-
ahle place, belonging to the arclibilhop
of Toledo; but the purity of the air
engaged the court to remove hither,
nnd it is iiuw the largcll and Bnell

lit'ing liilint down in I7.t(, another w.i«
crccttd on a Luge fcile : eaih front it

M A 1)

town in the kingdom \ but it< U»m
of f ovrrnmeni dties not ndmit it to bf>
trinicd « ciiy. It cotitaliu 77 churcln «,
66 corivcnii, if ipilei of iMnitr, ami
about 14K 000 inhAhilanti. The hoiifcii
aw'nt'lMy built of iKine; the tlrrri* /ire
long. Iiroid, and llraight, and .uloti id,
ni pr«>p<'i dlltanerl,vviihhandf.iiiii' totin-
laini. There arc above ico loweri or
Itirplc* in difli 'int pl.ice<, which ton-
tribute gic.itiy to the einb»lli(bii»rnt
ol the pl.iee It (l.inda in a pUirt, lur-
rounded hy mountain*, and h4« a high
wall biiilt nf mild. Thi* royal palace

fciie : rail
47<i'> fit r long and 10 ) high, f<i that thli
lmn'.eii''e pile towetti over all the eoiiii-
tiy } and no palace in Europe i. filtrd
lip with move roy.d magnilU'cnce. The
ehiiiihts and mouaOerie* i-ontain m.iny
painting*, liy the mod celebnted mat.
ter». The fiiiell f<pi,ire in Madiid it
the Piaca M lyor, i^jftfiet in circuit,
riirr(niiided by lioiifeM, five ftorin high,
all of an equal height ; every ftory
bei,»(j ul'.riieil with a hindfoine bal-
cony, and the front* fiipported by
cnliiatid, which form very fine arcadei.
Here the nt in tie ft t were formerly
cilel)rated, 'vith nil ihiir terrible ap-
paratus; an I it is (\i!l the theatre of
bull figlir<i. which are given at the royal
feallH. Cafadel Canip;, \s a r«)yal houlij
of plealure. about h.df a mile from
Madrid, with fine g.irdi nn, pleafant
w dkA, and a gicit many uncommon
animal*. La Reiiro is another royal
palace near the city, and is a pitafant
rctmt in the heat of fiimmer, there
being A great number of fllh-pond^t
grottos, tenth, groves, and hermit.iges :
it alli) includet) a fdt called It China.
Madrid lia;) royal manufaftnres of chi-
na, cards, faltpetrc, &c. but it has
littl" trade, :ind chiefly proCpers by the
prtlVnce of the court. It is feattd «)ii
the river Maiiz:inarc», which, though
final), ii idovnrd with a magnificent
bridge. In March 1808, Madrid was
entered by the I'Vench, under Murat,
and tlie royal family retireil into France:
on July 2cth, Joftph Uonapaite entvred
it as king of Spain ; hut tiic ufurpcr
anil his adherents deemed it prudent
to reinat on the .^ifl, taking with them
fiuh trealUre as they had the means
ot conveying : in Drcember following,
it fnrrtndered, without relirtaiice, to
the Trench, under Napoleon." In ittia,
aftir the battle of Salamanca, the city
was entered by the allied army, and
fcrt la China capitulatrjd ; but the army^
retreated after the failure of the fiegeof

n
II

■J

the city \
it wa« ««'*'l

its »" »"|
Lot* ♦ 54.1

capital (dl
^• ftiuatiil
„fgrr It ttl

iimppi, vj

OhU), A\\<\
lucky- II

M.hli I J
Canile.lij
lent winef

the piovij

«\ M Veil

with a li|
per p.irt
a bell.

MiJ'i
pital «>t
in the
fmiare t
ot the m
ftan
and 27
9 55 N-

Modii

75 "* '"'
of the

iltiii it
of the p
who w*
verned
tile, dv

is of i
coaft> '
Mite
and a(
foeur.
It con
fro/eii
tcr, a
catiov
parts
holm
Mi
thee
near
alfo
flooi
with
roar
fcari
ratt
tent
wit
fori
roc

" 't« furm
"•it ii lo U*-
• » Imrili, ,,
'"'"«•• «ni|

1 tirtett ATI'

!•'• uiorrit'd,

'•"inc (nun-

' loMfCfi or

w 'lii'i con-

''< llidimrnt

pli.ri, (iir-

'' •« ii high

'> •! pilucc

"•'tlicr W4«

t'l front it

•thiUhli

Uw «"OIM|.

>•• i. filfffl

(•)i'i tinny
• '<•<! m;ir.
^'•idrid ii
ill circiiif,
iri. s hi«h,
'•ry fiorj
rmiic bal-
•»rtc(l bf
"■ arcadfj.
'""rmerly
ribic ap-
liiMtrt; of
tbc royal
y>l home
il«' from
pN'af.int
t'ommon
icr royal
pltafant
r. there
I'-ponds,
II it ages:
1 ('hina.
of chi.
it hat
by tlic
ittd oti
though
nificeiit
i»l wa>
iHurat,
•rancc;
•ntiTcd
ifurpcr
nidcnt
1 them
means
'Wing,
-e, to
i«ia,
c city
t and
army
igeof

pir p.ii
.1 l)cll.

^1 A I'.

Borgot. In iRi.i, iltr I'm iich fvariiatPi}
Itic city oil May jK, aiiiI on Jtnii' \
it «v4i ciitirnl by the alllri. M.ulilil U
lA.) m tit. Lifhon, and 6»j »w l'.irli.
Lou .< 54 vw,l.it. 40 1.5 H.

Mtn/riti, Stw, 4 low II of T.ouIfluii|
ctipit.il of a frtiKnii'iit. v^hiob, fiom
it! fltUAtioii, ia likt ty to brc oiiic it pl.ici<
of ffrriit trjdC' It ix fr^tcd on the Mil*
limppii 50 m below the inrtnl of llic
Ohio, .ttid - )0 wiiw I'rinkfort, in Ken*
till It y. Loii. 8g 4^ w, lit <A 3\ n

MtiJrititi/, A town ol Spjin, In Old
CmAIIi*, li-aicd In a pi tin, fertile in excrl-
lent winr, 10 ni m. Miiliiu dri ^ Mmp >.

MtiJrijfal, u tovMi t»f 'firra Firma, in
the pruvinrr of i't>p.iyail| i \'j n\ t by I.
I'oDiyan. Lou. 7545*, lal. 0 ']o n,

Miulri/i«, a tuwn of Italy, in I'ruilii jo
m N Vcmif.

Matlroi(aut thrcipit.il of Mociranjr*,
with a IpMciom roy.il pal;ic<* 'I'lif up.
part of the hciifiM it in the lli.ipe of
I<on. 19 40 »:, l.ii 18 o >

MaJuni, ,\ town of llindooltan, ca*
pital of a province of the fame name,
in th«! C.irnatic. It is eortificil with
fiuiari? tottcriand parapi-ti, and bii ont*
or the moft luprrb pagodas in Ilindoo-
ftan. It i» I ,0 m nni< Cape Comorin,
and :7(j hsw .Madias. Lon. 7H 11 K,lat.

V 55 N •

Miidina, nn illand in thi- Indi.m ocean,

75 m lung and la bro.i<l, lyinK to the n

of the F. cud of I he ill.ind of J.iva. In

il(ii,itwas t.ikcn by ilie Diitilli, out

of ihc powiT of tlif rii'ich and Dutch,

wlio were all m idi- |.iril(»iu'r"». It in ^'o-

verni'd by a liiltan,and excctdiojjly b-r-

tilc, cl'peci;iliy in rice. The chii 1 town

iH of the func nnnu, Ittuiitc on the s

coad. Lou. lu 59 1;, lat. la ^0 s.

MrifliT, a lake of Sweden, Uo in long
and ao bro.id, extending' from Kong-
f'oeur, in Weftmania, to .Shicklioltu.
It contaiuH feveral hue inandd, is ui'ualiy
frozeu over duiing a few weeks in win*
ter, and then opens an eafy eomiuuni-
cation, by (ledges, between the interior
parts of Sweden and the city of Stuck>
fiolm.

MaeljJrom, a dangerous whirlpool on
the coaft of Norway, in IM n I.u. and
near the iilaiid of Moikoi-, whence it is
alfo named Molkocftrom. When it is
flood, the flrcam runs up the country
with a boiderous rapidity ; but the
roar of its impetuous ebb to the Tea is
Icarcely equalled by the loudeft cita-
rails. The whirljiool is of fiich an ex-
tent and depth, that if a <hip comes
within its attraflion, it is inevitably ab-
forbed and beat to pieces againlt the
rocks below ; and when the water rc-

M A I-

taxi**, lh« fr«gmriit« v'-^ni* up ig.Un.
'I'hi' iiitifviU uttr.uxpnlixy ftre only «t
lh>* turn of the rbb .tud II • >•(, unJ c«lin
«»•' ithvr \ they lift ImiI t iiuarivr of dit
hour, Its violfficc gr.idi<.tl|y rriurititif •
Wlivn the fireiim U moll UtiUer us, aiul
l'» luty hnglttriird by » llorm. vilT l«
hive luiii rrachid by It At ihe dillittc*
of five mlici

Maerna, • town of Crrm^iiy, in 'If*
rol, n m wnw Tirnl.

Maat.'/i, » tos^n of the N> Ihfrlinds.
In ihr lirritory uf Liege, oil thi* river
MeuC', 10 m *>w llurtinondr.

Miif/lfinJjIiiti, I town of M Ilollandt
neir tie utoiith of the Mcule, 10 m w
Kwitin'im

Maf/hithl,u city of the Nctluil.in U,
ftboui'4 in in tuumffreiiif, featfd <>«
the Ml ufc, oppil'iic NVycL, with whicii
it communicatei by allonrbrldgf. The
niindier of iriliabit.'°>t'« i* eiliiiiitted at
iHoco. It h..« fiui lon^ llrt I'll, iii-oiy
ehunh'S .md coiive;!-, « eolltge for-
merly bi'lori,!ii)g t>» ihf jcliiiM, a couii-
cibhoiiCc with its liltriry, and manufaC*
tiires ot cloth and flu- aimi. Near it it
the lofty iiiouti'.iin of ^t. Peter, with a
fortri'fK ( atiil a Hone (|uarry. with fuch
a niiiuber of fulitcrran'.ui pall'^es an to
be c.ip.il)l<' of coiitaliiin|{ 40,000 p<'rfoni.
Thcothi-rfoititlcatioiH.uol liie fit nation
of Mai itricht are fuch, that it inlc<*mcd
oiH' of the llroiigelt pi ten in I'.urope.
This eity rcvolud from Spain in 1.570,
and was ri'aken by thi' princf of Parma
in i,?7'). Ill i6.ji,thc prince of Orange
n ducrd it aftir a memorable fiige, and
it was conlirmed to the Dutch in 1648.
Lewis XIV took it in i'7.^ ; Willi.un
prince (tf Orange iuvtib'd it in vain, in
fiTd ; but, in 1678, it was reiUirtd to
the Dutch In 1748, it wan beficgi'd
by the rri'nch, who were permitted to
t ikf pod' Hiou of it on coiulition of its
bciii;,' reftored at the peace then iic-
goiiating. At the commencement of
179^ it was unfucctfHfully atticked by
tli'j I'rench, but they became m.illerrt of
it toward the end of the follovying
year 5 and it is now the capit.il of the
dtpirtiTit-nt of Lower MeutV. It is 14
m NNK Liejic, aiul 58 k Brufl'.li. Loii,
5 4^ I'.. I It. 50 4'; N.

Miif/n, a town of Portugal, in Ef-
trtma.liira, with .1 college founded in
1772. Ni-ar this plac-, in a (andy and
barren fpot, John y i redtcd a building
of extr.aordinary masmlici-ncc. This
was done in purCuanc of a vow, made
in a dangerous fit of illiici':. to found a
convent for the ufi' of t!'e poorelt
friary in the kingdom ; which was
found at Mufra, where twelve Frau-

i ■

,. * t.

r ,

M A (} MAG

t'fcnns lived tnfjitltT in a liiit. Tlip which it his an cafy commiinicatlorf

town is liaicd near the fta, i8 ni nwv with Hamburg. It was taken hy llornii

L'fbnn. in i6.^t, by thr Auftriaim, wl)o burnt

Ma^nJi, or Mai^hery. a town of the town, except the c.ithedraf and a

H'ndoDrtiiii, in Mylorv, ft-atcd ii< a hil'y few honf<s adjaiciit, and maflTtcrpd

conntry aboundiiiur 'n timher-l'c\s,
ftone, and iron j* m w Bnigilorc.

Maifitdoxot the capital of a kingdom
of the f.inif name, on the ooaftof Ajin,
with a citadel, mid good harbour. It
ltan(?s at the month of a river of its
name, which is fiippolcd to have a

above 10,000 of the inhabitants; but it
was liion handfomeiy rebuilt. In i8n6
it furrcndercd to the French. It is 49
m wsvv Hrandeiibnrg, and ij« sf. Ham-
burp. Lon. 115^ 1., lit 5i 10 N.

Magellan, a tlrnit of S America,
difcovercd, in 15:0, by Fcrdinando

Jonf? coiirfe, having r.gidar inundations Magellan, a I'ortugui-fe in the fl'rv=c(

that fertilize the conntry to a great ex- of Spain. It has fince bren failed

tent. The king and his court are Mo- throu^ih by feveral navigitors ; but the

hamedans : his fubji(*t9, of what race pHlfage, iip.vard of ^00 m, being dan-

f(«!vcr (f()me being whitf , others tawny gcrous and troublefome, tlv y now liiil

and olive, and others »inite black) all round C.:pe Horn. The Spaniards call

fpeak the Arabic t«^ngue; tlicy arc ftont tlie country to the n of this (trait Tierra

and warlike, and amon^ other '.\eap(in3 Magclianica, and reckon it a part of

ufe poifoned arrows and lancts. This Chili.

city is a place of great commerce, re- ^Jaggrroe, or Mageroiita large ifland,

ceiving from Add and other part* cot- on the coalt of Norway, and the moft

ton, filk, fpices, and dru>;s, in exclianpe northern land in Europe. It isfeparated

for gold, ivory, wax, and other commo from the continent, on the s, by a nar-

dities. Lu.i. 46 a.? »-> lat. a 10 n row channel ; and its n extremity is an

Magdalen I/lands, a group of feven CMorinouH rock, cdled North Cape,

fmall ifles, in the gulf of Si. Lawrence, Lon. 25 57 e, lat. 71 16 N.

lying NE of the k point of liie ifland of Muggiare, or Vcrbano, a lake lying

St. John. They arc inhabited by a i'-w principally in the duchy of Milan, in

families, whcfe chief liipport is derived Jtaly, and the n extremity in the can-

from fifliing. * ' -i.- r,- r,- • « .^ . . . .

Magdaknay a river of Louiliana,
which fifes in the mountains that fepa
rate Louifiana from New Mexico, and
runs into the Pacific ocean, to the sw
of the bay of St. Lewis.

Magdeburg, a duchy of Germany, >n
the circle of Lower Saxony^ bounded with orange and lemon trees, and laid
on the N and h by Brandenburg, s by out in gardens and pleafure grounds.
Anhalt and Halberlbidt, and w by The mountains on its banks have an
Brunfwick. It is divided into four cir- intermixture of vineyard and foreft,
clesj Holz, Saal, Jerich, and Ziefar. and the chain is frequently broken by
The country is in general level, and the • ich intervening plains and expanfivc
parts tbat are not marfliy and over- vallies.

grown with wood are very fertile. Mughera, a town of Ireland, in the
'I'he fait Iprings are of fuch richneli^, county of Londonderry, 28 . tst
that they can iiipply all Germany with LMidondeny.

ton of Ttflin, in SwifiVrland. It is 36
ni long and 4 broad, but 7 whore a
branch on the w fidetxtends tothe Nw.
The river Teflino runs s through its
whole len^^th ; and in the wideft part
are the celebrated B rromcan ifles,
three in number; which are covered

fait. This duchy belonged to the king
of Pruflia, but by the treaty of Tillit
in 1 8^7, he gave up that pari ly-ng on
the left ^\i^Q of the Elbe.

Magdeburg, a fortified city, capital
of the duchy of the fam.e name. It has

MaglurafJt, a town of Ireland, in
the county of Londonderry, with a
coiifi.urahle linen manufacture, 17 m
w Antrim, and %b tsh L .ndondcny.

Magia, a livor of SwifTerlatid, in the
canton of Tefliii, which runs s, with

a handfome palace, a citadel with a fiiie rapidity, ihrongh a narrow valley of its

arfenal, and a magnificent cathedral,
which contains the fnperb maufoleum
of Otho the great. The inhabitants
are computed at. 16,000. Here are ina-
nufadtures of cotton and linen goods,
ftockings, gloves, porcelain, and to

name, and enters the lake M;«ggiore,
near Locarno.

Magia a town of SwifTetland, in the
canton of Teflin, on the river Magia,
10 m NNw Loi-arno.

Magliano, a town of Italy, capital

bacco; but the principal are thofe of of the province of Sabina, feated -.n a
woollen and fi'k. It is well fituate for mountain, near the 'I'iber, 28 m N
trade, 011 the left bank of the Elbe, by Rome. Lon. 12 35 e, lat. 42 25 ».

thigiuv
Italy, in
the lake
Venice, 3

Magnijl

paitmcnt
Paris.

Magot ■■
lanefc, at
which by
that of M|
d'OIToIa,

Magra,
in the Apl
Parma, aiT
Sarfana inl
Mahalel
of Carbial
trade in 111
niac; and)
hatch chi
30 N.

Ma/ian.

which r't

croflcs O

Bengal, b

tack. Tl

blage of Ic

mouth of

Falfe Poir

Cajung ot

Mahdic

Ma he, !

lubar, tak

by the Eti

of the C

province.

arc the cl

greater p.

the count

fituate oil

a river, 5

MahlL

Suabia, it

Mahm

flian, in <

Malm

in Benga

Mahot

the cour

now, anc

Malt 01

SE end

called P

long, ar

the wor

7000 inf

ier of r

of the

Lon. 4

Ma/ir

Hindool

froiji W

\ %

^mmiinicatiofr
'if" l>y fioim.
R, wlio hiiriit
''ftlraf and a
id rnafftcnrd
i''<nt8; l)i/t it

''»• ill 1806

'cli. It is 49
'30 SR Il.iin.

H America,
I'crtlinaiido
I'le /i.Tvx-(^
Iit'fii fjilcii
"s ; but the
being dan-
1' y now iiiil
Jaiiianis call
(trait Tierr.-i
t a part of

I'Tgc l/lind,
id the mofl
is feparated
» by a nar-
*'mity Is an
jrth Cape.

lake lying

Milan, in
the can-
It is 36
whore a

0 the Nw.
•'otijih its
'ideft part
tan ifles,
K covered

and laid

grounds.

have an
d foreft,
roktn by
■xpan five

1 in the

'and, in
with a
'■ 17 m
Icrty.
. in the
s, with
-7 of its
•ggiore,

. in the
Magia,

capital
d <in a

MA n

ilitgnavacea^ a town and fort of
It;\ly, in Fcrrarefe, at the mouth of
the lake of Comachio, in the gulf of
Venice, 3 in si' Comachio.

Maqnifa ; li'e Manncliia.

MtiPt/t/, atdwn of France, in the de-
pmtment of Sseine and Oi(i;, 32 m nw
Paris.

Magot^ro, a town of It.iiy, in Mi-
latielc, at the w end of a fmall ovul lake,
which by a ftrcainlct communicates with
that of Maggiorc. It is 12 m sjk Domo
d'OfTola, and 36 nnw Novara.

Magrat a river of Italy, which rifes
in the Apennines, on the s confines of
Parma, and Hows by Pontremoli and
Sarfana into thegulf of Genoa.

Mahaleu, a town of E^ypt, capital
of Garbia. It carries on a coiiiiderable
trade in linen, cottons, and fal-ammo-
niac; and the inhal)itants have ovens to

30 31 li, lat. 31

hatch chicken. Lun.
30 N.

Mahanada, a river of Hindooftan,
which r'fes in the ne part of Berar,
crofles Orifla, and enters the bay of
Bengal, by feveral mouthF. bel vv Cat-
tack. Thefe mouths form an aflcm-
blage of low woody illands ; and at the
mouth of the principal channel, near
Falfe Point, is a fortified illand, named
Cajung or Codjung.

Mahdia ; fee Medea.

Ma/ie, a town of Hindooftan, in Ma-
labar, taken from the French, in 1793,
by the Engli/h, and now the cliief place
of the Company's commerce in the
province. Black pepper and cardamons
are the chief articles of export; but the
greater part of liicfe are brought from
the country above the Gauts. Mahe is
fituate on high ground, iitthe mouth of
a river, 5 m sse Teliichtry.

Mahlbercr^ a town and caftle of
Suabia, in lirifgau, 17 m n Friburg.

Mahmoodabady a town of Hindoo-
ftan, in Guzerat, 17 m sse Amcdabad.

Mahmudpouri a town of Hindooftan,
in Bengal, 80 m ne Calcutta.

Maliomdjy a town of Hindooftan, in
the country of Oude, 70 m nw Luck-
now, and 150 Ebii Delhi.

Malion, a Icnport of Minorca, at the
SE end of the ifland. The harbour,
tailed Port Mahon, is upward of j. m
long, and deemed one of the fineft in
the world. The town contains about
7000 inhabitants, and ftands on a num-
ber of rocks on the w fide of the head
of the harbour, 57 m se Cittadella.
Lon. 4 18 E, lat. 39 51 N.

MalirattaSi t..o powerful ftates of
Hindooftan, which derive their name
fro0i Mahrat) an ancient province of

TNI A I

the Deccan. They are called the Poo-
nah, or Weftern Midiratlas, and the
Di-rar, or Kaftern. ColletSlively, they
occupy all the s part of Hindioftan
Proper, with a large proportion of the
Deccan, Malwa, Orifla, CandeKli, and
Vifiapour ; the principal parts of Berar,
Guzi-rat, and Agimere ; and a final!
part of Dowlafabad, Agra, and Alla-
habad. Thefe territories comprifi' their
empire, which extends from fea to fea,
aero' .e wideft p:irt of the peninfula j
and , om the confines of Agra north-
ward to the river Kiftna fontliward ;
forming a trac't of 1000 m long and
700 broad. The weftern ftate, the ca-
pital of which is Poonah, is divided
among a number of chiefs, or princes,
whofe obedience to the paiihwah, or
head, is merely nominal at any time :
and in fome cafes, an oppofition of
iniercfts produces wars, not only be-
tween the members of the ftate, but
alfo between the members and the
head. Nagpour is the capital of the
Eaftcru Mahrattas. Both thefe ftates,
in 1791, were in alliance with the En-
glish in the war againft Tippoo, from
whofe territories they gained fome ac-
quifitions, which were ceded to them
in 1799. Their armies are principally
compofed of light horfe.

Mahrburg \ fee Marchbtirg'

j'ilahur, a town of Hindooftan, ca-
pital of a circar of its name, in the
country of Berar. It is feated on the
Chin Gonga, which flows into the
Godavery, 1 40 m .sw Nagpour. Lon.
78 34 E, lat. 19 24 X.

Mai Jay a town of Naples, ''n Cala-
bria Ultra. On the plain near this
place, in 1806, a vidtory was obtained
by 5000 Britifii troops over 8000
Ficncli. It is 9 m wkw Squillace.

Maidenhead, a town in Berklhire,
governed by a mayor, with a market
on Wv-dueiday, and a good trade in
malt, nual, and timber. It is feated
on the Thames, over which is a bridge,
I z m E by N Reading, and 26 w by n
London.

Maidenai, an ifianJ in the Pacific
ocean, 36 m long and 9 broad. In the
NW part of it native copper is found.
Lon. 167 10 E, lut. 54 40 N.

Maidjlone, a borough and the county-
town of Kent, governed by a mayor,
with a market on Thurfdaj'. It has a
brilk trade in exporting the commo-
dities of tlie county, particularly hops,
of which there are numerous plantations
around ; here are likewile paper-mills
and a manufacture of linen. The num^
ber of inhabitants was 8037 ^n 1801,

I

\ f »

' >l A U'

w

3i

11

Ih

: Mi

i :ij

W.

I -4

if

MA F

and 944.^ in i8ii It is fcitcd on the
Mcilway, ovc\ wliicli is h britlgc, ao m
w Caiittrbiiry. and 34 ksk I.uiidtjn.
L«m, c .jB I . i.it. .s I 16 N.

iMailcott't/, a lofty fortrefs of Hln-
do< ftan, ill Mvforo, mid oiif of the
mod ccltbrattd places of Hindoo wor-
ftiip The lirgf tcmi.'lf is a fqiiari?
building of gnat (iimt'Dlions, and the
jewels bt*l.)n}.int: to it ire very vaiuablc.
Here, in 1772, Ilyder was compit'tcly
rotitec? by the Mahrattas. It is 17 iti n
Seringa! patam.

Maii/fxaijf a town of France, in the
department of Vendi'e, Hated in an
illand formed by the Seure and Autlz<',
7ms FoiUenay le C'omie, and zz s 1:
Rochclle.

Maina, a feaport of European Tiir
key, in Morca, which gives name to
a mountainouH diftiitfl that lits betwten
two bays of the Mcdiierr.inean fea. Its
prodndfs are oil, fdk. gall-nuts, Iioi.ey,
wiix, cotton, and kcrmcs ; and conli-
derable quantities of wool and raw liidi'S
are exported. The Mainotti could never
be fubdued by the Turks, on account
of their vigilance and valour, ard the
defiles of their mountains The town
js featcd on the se part of the bay of
Coron, 46 m s by w Mifitra. Lon.
S3 TO H, lat. 36 34 N.

^'ainbinfr, a town of Bavaria, fituate
on die Ainbs, 18 m ese Ingoldftadt,
and ;^a nnk Munich.

3i(ii,'ie, a diftrift belonging to the
ftate of MalFachufets, joo in lung and
100 bioatl ; boimciet' on tlie nw by the
high laiid.-, which ieparite xht- rivtis
that flow into the St. Lawnnce and
thofc thai fl t\v into the Atlantic; on
the t by the river Sv- Crr ix, and a line
drawn due n fiom its fourc* to the
laid high lan-tR, which ('ividc;: '.his ter-
ritory ;iT,ir New r.rtinl" ick ; on the
6E iiy tiic Atkuitic; and on the why
New H..r?ipi})iie. It is divided into
fiveconntie, York. Cuii^berland, Lin-
c».'in, Hr".cock, and Wi>fliington. The
cl'ifi"'-iver •..rtht. pcnoWfcof, Kennebec,
Soco, /.ndioicoiigiu. 't John, ruid St.
Croix; and it has fevn.'^.! fmj.ll lakes.
Though an devatid iradt, it cannot be
cali< d n;ountairou!!, and a great pro-
portU/U of thi la; d' are arable and ex-
ceedingly fertile. Hops are the i'pon-
taneitr; growth of this country. The
trees are white pine, fprucc, maple,
bcec'i, white and giiy oak, and yellow
bird: ; thi ft-, as fliip timber, boards,
and every fpeciei of fpiit lumber, are
the pviiicipal txports of the country.
Tl:.: • n in fum.vi-r is intenfe, and the
cole in winter extreme ? all the lakes

MA J

and rivers are ufu.'lly p.afTaMc on ice
from ChriRm istiil th«' midcfle of March.
In 1810, tin- numl'tr of iiihahita' t<i was
2:8,705 Poiilaiid is tli> capii.i'.

MciiKf. a late province of Franci-,
boiiiiocd (^n the N l.y Normandy, K by
Orleanois, s by Tounine and Anjoii,
and w by nn.'i.i>'ne. If now fotii.s the
departments of Mayer ne and Savfi-.

Maine, a river of Gc:rmaiiy, which
rifes in Fianconia, (lows bv Bamberg,
\^'tir /burg, AfchafTcnburg, f l.mati,and
Frankfort, anJ joins the Khine a little
above Mf-nlz.

Mainti<illt\ a tov. n of Frnncf , in the
deparfnicnt oi Euie, 24 m esk U.>uen.

Mainland, the larv'cft a d moll:
fouthein ol the Shetland ide', 60 m
long and in fome plac.--. 16 brcKid ; but
it projicfts into the fca wiili many ii-
regnlir promontories, and is indented
by numerous bay:i and harbours. Tiie
face of the country exhibits a profpfift
of black crat;);y mountains and marlhy
plains, interlperlcd w'th I'ome vt rdant
fpots, which appeir Im'iOth and fertile.
Neither tree nor flirub is to br fern, ex-
cept the juniper and the heath. The
mountrtins abound with various kinds of
game. Lofty clifTs, impending over the
ocean, are the haunts of eagKs, falcons,
and ravens. The deep caverns un<ler-
nealh ihdter feals and otters ; and to the
winding bays refort i'wans, gecfe, fcarftj,
and other aquatic biidw. The feaa
abound with cod, turbot, aud haddock ;
and. at certain feafons, with (hoals of
herrings. Lobftorb, oyfters, mufcles,
iVc. are alfo plentiful. The hills are
covered with beeves and ftieep of a
fmall breed; the horfes are alfo of a
diminutive fize, but remarkably ftrong,
and called Shetland ponies. The rivu-
lets and lakes abound with falmon,
trout, &c. No mines have been
wrought, but there are vifible appear-
ances of various metallic ores. The in-
habitants are hardy, docile, and ingeni-
ous. They manufa<jture linen and wool-
len cloth for their own ufe ; and worfted
ftockings fome of fine texture and great
value, for exportation ; but their prin-
cipal occupation is fifhing. Lerwick is
the cipital.

Mainland, the principal of the Ork-
ney ill nds. See Pomona.

Maintenon, a town of France, in the
department of Eure and Loire, with a
collegiate church, and a priory, feated
between two mountains, on the river
Eure, 5 m N by E Chartres.

Majambo, a country on the coaft of
Guinea, between Biafara and Gabon, ^
of which little is known.

"Majorca,
idands, 60 1
in the M<
Ivica and M
lined with ft
is mountain!
corn, olive-
delicate win
bits, hares,
andthrufhe
there are
and wells,
and lively,
capital is Pii
Maire, L
tween Statei
in lat. js s.

Maij'y,
partment o
and 27 ^NV
Maito, a
in Homani:
the ft rait
above the
lipoli.
Majumba
Matxent,
the departnr
Benediftine
ftockings,
on the Sevn
Makarev
government
tuateoa th
Novogorod
Makariff
RufTia, capi
in the govei
fituate on
Koftroma.

Maker, '<
SE St. G(
forming th(
Hamoaze, 1
is a very fti
of the cliur
a noted ft

50 21 N.

Makoonc.

the countr

habttd, an

84 37 E, ii

Makran

Malabai

of the pel

between t

Including

Wynaad,

m in lenj

was dividt

who were

the termii

poo, in I

gliih. 1

M AL

Majorca, the largcft of the Balearic
in.inds, 60 m long and 4s broad, lying
in the Mediterranean fra, bet ween
Ivjca and Minorca. The whole coaft is
lined with ftrong towerB. The nw part
is mountainous; the n-ft produces good
corn, olive-trees, fine honey, fruit, and
<lclicate wine ; and it abounds in rab-
bits, hares, quails, partridges, iriipes,
and thrulheS' It has no rivers, though
there are a great many fine fountains
and wflls. The inhabitants arc robuft
and lively, and make good failurs. The

'rnnn , in the I c^'P'^"' '* Palma.

Maire, Le, n ftrait of S America, be-
tween Staten illand and Terra del Fuego,
in lat. J5 s.

Maify, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Calvados, 5 m n Ifigni,
und »7 WNW Caen.

Maito, a town of European Turkey,
in Romania, featcd on a deep buy in
the ftrait of Gallipoli, immediately
above the Dardanelles, 24 m sw Gal-
lipoli.

Majumba; (ce Mayamba.

Maixent, St. a town of France, in
the department of Two Sevres, with a
Benedidline abbey, and a trade in corn,
ftockings, and woollen fiuflisi ieated
on the Sevre, a6 m sw Poitiers.

Makarevt a town of Ruflia, in the
government of Niznei Novogorod, fi-
tuateoa the Volga, 24 m ene Niznei
Novogorod.

Makarief, or Makarett, a town of
Ruflia, capital of the province of Unza,
in the government of Koftroma. It is
fituate on the river Unza, 80 m E
Kodroma. Lon. 44 14 e, lat. 58 501N.

Maker, a village in Cornwall, 7 m
SE St. Germains, on an eminence,
forming the w point of the entrance of
Hamoaze, at Plymouth. On the heights
is a very ftrong battery ; and thefteeplc
of the church, called Maker Tower, 'S
a noted feamark. Lon. 4 10 w, lat.

50 21 N.

Makoonda, a town of Hindooftan, in
the country of Allahabad, 66 m s Alla-
habad, and no nne Gurrah. Lon.

84 37 ^» ia^- *4 i3 N.

Makran ; fee Mecran.

Malabat't a province on the w coaft
of the peninfula of Hindooftun, lying
between thole of Canara and Cochin.
Including the diitri(5ts of Coorg and
Wynaad, above the Gauts, it is 130
m in length, and 60 in breadth, it
was divided among fevera I petty princes
who were fubdued by Hyder ; and on
the termination of the war with Tip-
poo, in 179a, it was ceded to the lin-
glifh. The land is well cultivated i

MAL

and there are many forcfts. Oxicn and
bufl^alos are numerous, but of a dimi-
nutive fize. No horffs, afies, flieep,
nor goats are bred ; but common
poultry are in abundanc«?. It is wi-ll
watered by rivers; but none have any
peculiar appellaiion, each portion be-
ing called by the name of the remark-
able place near which it fiows. The
capital is Calicut. The wliole coaft
from the northern part of this province
to the fouthern extremity of liiniioo-
ftan is called ihe coalt ot Malabar. Thtf
natives are all blacks, or at Itaft. of ;i
dark olive cimpkxion, with long black
huir, and tolerahle features. In foma
places they are dilHngii''hed into tribes,
all of which arc brought up to thcfajne
employment .-^s thw-ir parents. Tlielij
arc the Gcntoos, of wh'>m lee an ac-
count under the article Uhuloojian.

Malacca, or Malaya, a ptninrula of
Afia, containing leveral petty king-
doms ; bounded on the n by Siam, e
by the ocean, and sw by the ftrait of
Malacca, which feparates it from Su-
matra. It is 560 m in length, and 150
in breidth. The chief commodities
for trade are tin and elephants teeth ;
but there are a great many exci.^llent
fruits and roots, pepper and other '
fpiccs, with fome precious gums and
woods. The pineapples are the beft in
the world ; and the cocoa nuts hfive
fliells that will hold an Englilh c^uurt.
There is but litde corn, and ftieep and
oxen arefcarce; but hog« and poultry
are plentiful. The Malays are rather
below the middle ftature, their limbs
well fhaped, but particularly llendcr at
the wrifts and ancles. Their com-
plexion is tawny, their eyes large, their
nofes rather flat, and their hair long, '
black, and fliining. They are fond of
navigation, war, plunder, emigration,
adventures, and gallantry. Titty talk
inceflantly of their honour and bravery,
and fpeak the lofteft language of Afia ;
yet they are deemed the moft treacher-
ous ferocious people on the face of the
globe. Their religion is a mixture of
Mohamedanifm. The inland parts are'
pofleflid by a favage and barbarous peo-
ple, who take delight in doing mif-
chief to their neighbours.

Malacca, a leapovt and the capital
of a kingdom of the lame name, in the
peninfula of Malaya. The Portuguefe
had a fettlement here, which was taken
by the Dutch in 1640 ; and it was taken
from them by the Englifh in 1795.
Malacca is feated on the ftrait of itit
name, 4R0 m se Acheen. Lon. 103 5
E, lat. a iz N.

Lii.;.:i.

^tx}-H

mm

ft H

i ii ^ ■■ :

i ■,

•^ Vf

)i

I* \ri

4

^1

. ( I J Jill',*

w

|: 'fl

I !

I i

i\

I .!

M AL

^tnlaf^a, n city of Spain, in Orunada,
and a bilhop's <et', with two caftlei,
;i(i(l a good harbour. The cathfdral i«
aflupciulous pile, bcKun by Philip ii
while married to Mary of England, and
their united arms are over the gate. Its
commerce is principally in figa, rniflns,
oil, at d excellent uiiics ; and it has
manufa^urfa of filks, velvets, (hag,
ftockitigB, hats, foap, paper, &c. The
inhabitants are about 54,coo. It is
fcatcd on the Medilerrancaii, furrounded
by hills, and rich val'eys, 70 m wsw
Granida. Lon. 4 10 w, lat. 3635 n.

Maiamccco, a l'm.ill ifland and town
in theL:iguncs of Venice, .? m .s Venice.

Malatia, a town of Aliatic Turkey,
in R'lum, and a bifliop's fee; feated on
the Euphrates, 100 m sk Sivas, and 200
NB Adana. Lon. 38 10 e, lat. 37 28 n.

Malaivulltfy a town of Hindooitan,
in Myfore, with a larg»j mud fort, fe-
parated into two parts by a tranfverfe
wall. Here is a fruilgarden, of great
extent, planted by the late fullans. It
is 27 m E Seringapatam.

Malaya^ a peninfula of Afia, whofe
natives are called Malays. See Malacca.

Malazkird, a town of Turltilh Ar-
menia, fituate on the Aras, near its con-
flux with the Euphrates, 90 m se
Erzenim.

Alalchin, a town of Lower Saxory.,
in the duchy of Mecklenburg, on the
river Peene, where it forms the lake
t'jmrow, 22 m ese Guftrow.

Malchot a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Mecklenburg, between
the lakes Calpin and Plau, 23 m ssb
Guftrow.

Maiden, a borough in EflTex, with a
market on Saturday, feated on an emi-
nence, by the river Blackwater. It
has two pariOi churches ; and a third,
which it had formerly, has been long
converted into a freefchooi. VeflTcls of
a moderate burden come up to the
town, but large fliips are obliged to
unload at a diflance below, in Black-
water bay. The cuftom of Borough-
Englifh is kept up here, by which the
youngeft fon, and not the eldeft, fuc-
ceeds to the burgage tenure, on the
death of his father. This town carries
on a confiderable trade, chiefly in corn,
fait, coal, iron, deals, and wine. It is
10 m E Chelmsford, and 37 ne London.

Maldiv.'St a clufter of fmall iflands,
in the Indian ocean, lying sw Cape
Comorin. The northernmoft, called
Head of the I flee, or Keily, is in lon. 7j
4 E, lat. 7 5 N ; and Maidiva, in which
the king relides, is in lon. 75 35 e, lat.
4 ij N. They are inmimerable ; but all

M AL

low and 'andy, and moft of them un-
inhabited. They are divided into 13
attollons, or provinces, each having itg
leparate governor, who rules with great
oppreflBon The fubjedtsarc milcrably
poor, and appear to be a mixture of
Arabs and Hindoos from Malabar.
They fupply Ihips with fails and cor-
dage, cocoa-nuts, oil, honcv, dry fi(li,
tortoifc-fhell, and efpccially courics.
The king afflimes the title of Sultan of
the Maldives, king of thirteen provinces,
and twelve thoutand ides.

Mtilr/herbes, a town of France, in the
department of Loiret, 1 1 m ne Pluviers.

Maleftroit, a town of France, in the
department of Morbihan, on the river
Oull, 17 m ENE Vannes.

Mal/inm, a village in W yorkftiirc,
6 m E Settle. It has mountains and
rifing grounds on every fide, abounding
in natur<il curiolities; and among them,
on a high moor, is a circular lake, about
a mile in diameter, which is the fourcc
of the river Aire.

Maittit a village of Ireland, 23 m N
Londonderry. Here is a mineral fpring;
and to the ne is Malin Head, the molt
northern cape of Ireland. Lon. 7 25 w,
lat. 55 16 N.

Malin, a village of Ireland, in the
county of Donegal, on a bay of the
fame name, 15 m w Killabegs. Here
is a very ancient ecclefiaftical building,
faid to have been a monaftery.

Malines ; fee Mechlin.

Malio, Cahe, or St. yi/igelo, a cape of
European Turkey, in Morea, at the s
entrance of the gulf of Napoli, 15 m k
Malvafia.

Malivagonga, a river of Ceylon,
which rii'es among the hills to the S£
of Candy, nearly encompaflcs that city,
and, after many windings among moun-
tains, enters the fea at Trincomale. It
is io deep as to be fordable only toward
the Iburce, but the rocks which every
where break its courfe prevent it from
being navigated.

MalkoTt a town of Hindooitan, in
the country of Golconda, 29 m se
Calberga, and 54 w Hydrabad.

Mallevilce, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Loire, 15 m nw
Nantes.

Mallicollo, one of the largeft of the
New Hebrides, in the Pacific ocean.
It extends ao leagues from nw to se.
The inland mountains are very high,
and clad with fortfls. The vegetable
productions are luxuriant, and in great
variety, cocoa-nuts, bread-fruit, bana-
nas, fugar-canes, yams, eddoes, tur-
meric., and oranges. Hogs and com-

IVl A L M A L

mon poultry are the (?onn'ftic animals. Iind, and biinu above loo /hip*. St.
'i'li • inliab f.ir.tH apptMr ii* l>r of a race Ma'o i-i li-.m-d on iin ifiatid, unitrd to

totally di(tini5l from thofc of flu Fririuf-
ly and Society illituN Titir fmm,
hiigiMKe. and m i ,.i rs, aur widely diC-
fcri'fit. Tlicy ft tin to corr(.ipond in
n'any particulob \Mtli the natives of
New Giii"tM, p iriicijl,<! iy in their hiack
colour and wo. Ily hair. They go al
mo(t naked, are of a (l«Mul<-Mn ike, have
lively, biit v;ry irr. gular ugly tV itur.M,
and fie a rope faft round thtir belly.
TlK-y n(e bows and arrows as their
prineipal we^ipmis, .md the anowK are
/aid to l)c fo i.etimiH po foptd. They
keep their btulies oiitiielv fue fn;m

puiKftmes, whieh is one particular th.^t ,

remarkably diaiiiguilhes them from the Chefter, and 165 nw L ndo'n.

other tribes of the Pacific ocean. At Malplaquet, a village of theNethcr-

tiie sEciiddf theiHuid is a port, named Jands, in Hainaiilt, 7 m 9 by F, iXuns;

t .e ni.iiiilaiul hy a caiu- v\.i>, 44 in NNvr
Keniiix. Lon. a a vv, jat. 48 ^y »<.

'^lalojaiojiuui, a tnw!i ot kutria, in
the vovt-rnment or Ka!u.i:a. H* r.- was
a dr-Cpir.ni' battle on October 24, 1812,
in '\i.icli ihe French were drfeattd, on
111 ir retreat trorti Mof.ow; tlie lovvn
was t.ilvtii and rclal.m i| vi n times,
and (iiially burnt to idh-F. It is ^6 ni k
ivaliij,'i,and 66 sw Mcfcow.

Mulpnrt'ulay a town of Spain, in Ef-
tremaduri, 24 m w Tiuxillo.

2Ialpiat •'» town i;i Chcfhire, with a
market on Monday, feited on a high
hill, near the river Dee, 15 m se

Sandwich Harbour. Lon.' 167 53 E,
lat. 16 7.5 3.

Mailing, WfjJ, a town In Kent, with
a market on S.ituiday, 6 m w Maid-
ftone, and ao e by s London.

Mallow, a boiouph of Ireland, ir, the
county of Cork. Here are condderable
linen maiuifatftures, and a fine fpringof
tepid water. It fends one member to
parliament, and is feated on the IJlack-
water, i7mNNwCork. _ ., „

Maimed^, a town of theNetherlandd, villages, and has leveral good harbours
in the territory of Liege, with a Bene- on the conft oppoiite Sicily. The port
diiftine abbey, and fome miner.il iprings of St. Paul, toward the ne end, is fo
equal to thofe of Spa. It is feated on called from a tradition that thevtflel ia
the Recht, 13 m s by e Limbnrg. which St. Paul was fent prifoner to

iWia/wo, a fortified leaport of Sweden, Rome was wrecked on the n point of
in Schonen, with a large harbour and a its entrance. The ifland is divided into
ftroiig citadel. Jt has fine ftreets, and two very unequal parts; the one to the

f'Unoiis for a vidtory gain''d over the
French, by the duke of Mulborongh,
ill 1709, and fometimes called the battle
of Blaregnies, from an adjacent vill ij;c.

Malj'efena, a town of Italy, in Ve«
ronefe, 18 ni nnw Verona.

Malta, an ill ii.d of tlie Mediterra-
nean, bet^" ten Africa and Sicily. 60 m
s of t! e latter, and the mod loiiiheni
illaiid in Europe. It is 20 m long and
12 bio. id; contains two cities and 2%

nianufa(51ure8 of woollen ; and is feated
on the Sound, 10 m sw Lund, and 18
K by s Copenhagen. Lon. 13 7 e, lat.
55 36 N-

Malm/as t a town of Sweden, in
Sudermania, 33 m wnw Nikoping.

Malmjbury, a borough in VViltfttire,
with a market on Saturday, and a
woollen manufaflure. Here was for-
merly a large abbey ; and at the end of
the cemetery are two ancient churches.
It is feated on a hill, almoft furrounded
by the Avon, over which it has fix

E, the other to the w, of the old city.
The weftern part, which is the fmallelt,
has no villages, and little land capable
of cultivation, but it abounds with odo-
riferous plants, and has confiderable
falt-works- The other part, containing
two-thirds of the iiland, is fertile ; and
here are cultivated large quantities of
cotton, lemons, alntonds, ulive», and
vines. The number of the inhabitant?
is faid to be 90,000. The common
people fpeak Arabic, but the better fort
Italian- Emperor Charles v, in 1526,

bridges, z6 m e by n Brirtol, and 96 w gave this ifland (with the fmaller one of
London. Gozo) to the order of St. John of Jeru-
Malot St. a feaport of France, in the falem, or knights of Rhodes, who re-
department of Ille and Vilaine, and moved hither in 1530, and hence they
lately an epifcopal fee. It has a large ar^ now called knights of Malta- The
harbour, difficult of accefs, on account iflaiiJ is extremely well fortified; the

of the rocks that furround it ; and is a
trading place, of great importance, de-
fended by a ftrong caftle. It was bom-
barded by the Englifli in 1693, but
without fuccefs. In 1758, they landed

ditches, of a vaft fize, are all cut out of
the folid rock, and extend many miles.
See Citta Vecchia, and yialeita.

Malton, New, a borough in N York-
fhire, vvith a market on Saturday. IIer«

in Cancalle bay, w«nt to the harbour by are three churches, and fome «onlider-

aFa

; :i,,f' "sJlTBl

fi

•i-i

1-^

/ i

'i n ^

i^

if ivli

• I ■■'#r-

m

M A L

able rtmalns of a monallery. It ih Hat-
ed on the Derwent, over whicli is a
Hone bridgf to the village of Old Mal-
ton, iH m NE York, and 213 n by w
London.

Maltoy, a town ^f Hindooftan,in the
country of llt-nr, fciited at the fouicc «if
the Tapfyi 6fl m nw Nagpuur. Loii.

78 57 •■'. l'«t- a» 4» N

Maha, or Mallaoilw, a river of R;ir-
bary, which hus its rife in the dtftit,
and flows n into the Mediterranean,
feparating the kingdoms of AlgierB and
Fez. Thirteen miles from its mouth
are three uninhabited idAnds, be-
tween which cualling vcflcls may lie i«
fafi'ty.

Malva/w, a iaiall ilk'nd of Eiiropran
Turkey, on the e coaft of Murca,
celebrated for its rich wine, call»:d
Malm fey. See I^upoli tli Mol'vafia.

MalverHf Great and Little, two til-
lages in Worcellcifliire. The former is
8 m w by s Worceltcr, and had once an
abbey, of which nothing remains but
the gateway of the abbey, and the nave
of the church, now parochial. The
latter is fcated iii a ':avity of the Mal-
vern hills, three miles from Great Mal-
vern. Henry vii, his qu'^en, and his
two fons, were fo delighted with this
place, that they adorned the church
with painted glafs windovrs, part of
which remain, though in a mutilated
ftate. Between Great and l.ittle Mal-
vern are two noted chalybeate fprings,
one of them called the Holy Well.

Malvern llillj, a range of hills in the
sw of Worcefterfliire, extending from
N to s about ; m, and dividing this
part of the county from Herefordfliirc.
The higheft point is 144+ feet above the
level of the fea ; and ihcy appear to be
of limcftone and quartz. On the fum-
mitof one of thefe hills, are theimmenfe
works of the Herefordlhirc Beacon, oiie
of the ftrongeft hill fortreflfes in this
ifland ; its conilrudlion is afcribed to
the Britons, as a place of permanent
fecurity for a whole diftrid, with all
their pofrefllons, in cafe of any fudden
emergency.

Malung, a town of Sweden, in the
province of Dulecarlia, 55 m w Fahlu..
Lon. 15 20 t:, lat. 60 3* n.

Malwa, a province of Hindooftan,
bounded on the vv by Guzcrat, n by
Agimere, e by Allahabad aad Orifla,
and s by Candeilh, It is one of the
moft extenfive, elevated, and diverfified
trads in Hindooftan, and divided
nmong the chiefs of the Poorah Mah-
rattas. Ougoin aud Indore are the
principal towns.

M A N

MulxfcUt n town of France, In the de-
partment of Lo7.ere, ao m n nw Mende.

Mmmurt, a town of Fr.'»nce, in the
department of S.irt\', fealed on the Dive,
14 m w Dcllcfine.

Miimora, a town and fort of the
kinj^dom of Ftz, featcd on an errinence
on I lie s bank of the Seboo, near it:^ imi-
trance into the Atlantic. The inhribit-
ants fiiblilt chiefly by filhing for llieblv I,
a fpocies of falnion, of which they taku
an incredible (|uantity . It is 1 5 m n n k
bailee, and 90 wnw Fez.

Man, an illand in the Iridi fea, 30 m
long and 12 broad. It contains 17
panflicsj and the chief towns arc Caf-
tletown, Douglas. Peel, and Ramfcy.
The air is htalihy, and the f()il pro-
ducts more corn than is fuflicicnt to
maintain the inhabitanis, who are de-
nominated Manks, and cdimated at
nuir.' than 30,000. They have a bilhop,
culled the- biihop of Sodor and Man ;
but he has no feat in the Briti(h par-
liament. The commodities of the illand
arc wool, hides, butter, tallow, black
marble, flate, limeftone, lead, and cop-
per. Some raanufadlures of coarfe hats,
cotton goods, and linen cloth, are carried
on in different parts ; but the principal
trade anf-Q from the herring filhcry.
The duke of Athol was lord of this
ifland, the fovereignty of which he fold,
in 1765, to the crown. It is 17 m s
Scotland, 37 N Wales, 27 w England,
and 47 E Ireland.

Manaar, a fmall ifland in the Indian
ocean, on the nw fide of Ceylon. From
this ifland a reef of rocks runs over to
the continent of Hindo«(lan, called
Adam's Bridge, which can oniy be
pafltd by bouts. The fea to the 8 of
this, bttween the continent and the
ifland of Ceylon, is called theGnlfof
Manaar. The Portuguefe got poiriflion
of the ifland of Manaar in 1^60; the
Dutch took it from them in 165a ; and
the Englifli took it from the Dutch is
1795. Lon. 79 30 t, lat. 9 o N.

JSianachiay or Ma^nifa, the ancient
Magnefia, a city of Nato'ia, and x
bifljop's fee, with a caftle. It was for.
merly the capital of the Ottoman em-
pire, and is fea ted at the foot of a
mountain, on the river Sarabat, aa

m N Smy.-na
45 N-

Lon. 27 6 K, lat. 38

Manado, a town of Celebes, and a
Dutch fcttlement, on the ne part of the
ifland, defended by a fort. It furren-
dered to the Britifh ill iSio. Lon. 124
30 E, lat. J 8 N.

Manapari a town of Hindooftan, in
the country of Tijicvcliy, lituate on a

MAN

nnint of Uni! projedling iiitotlip gulf of
^Liiiaar, 40 in 9V. Palamc.itta.

Munbedt a lown of Perfia, in tho pro-
vince of Irak, li") m kse Ifpahati.

Manbona, the '.apit.il ot thi< kingdom
of ^abia, fitinte on tlu; ft-acoaft, 60 .n 3
Sofiila. Lon. 35 j<; v.. Int. ii \%, j*.

Mancrjlgr, A village in Warwick Hiire,
ntar Atherftonr and the rivtr Anker.
It wan a Romvin ftation on the Watling-
llrcct, and hi'ie fcverul coins have been
du(,' up.

MuHcha, a territory of Spain, in New
C.iltire, between the river Guadiana
and And.i! >fia. It is nearly furround-
ed by mountains, producing; antimony,
vermilion, and m«;rcury. The country
is an immoiife plain, interrcftcd by
ridg<'8 of low hills and rocks; not an
pnclofurc of imy kind, except mud walls
.nbotit the'villages, nor Icarccly a tree
to be Teen ; but it i» well cultivated in
corn and vines. The inhabitants arc
affable, and great lovers of mulic and
dancing ; and it was here thai Csrv.m-
tes made his hero, Don Quixote, per-
foinr. his chief exploits. Tlie capital is
Ciudad Real.

Manclie, a department of France, iu-
chiding the w part of tho late province
of Normandy. It is altn:>lt furrounded
by the Knglilh channel. Couiances is
the capital.

Nanchejlert ^ large town in Lanca-
fhire, with a matket on Tuelday and
Saturday, feated between the rivers Irk
and Irwell, and a place of great anti-
quity, though neither a corporation nor
a borough. It has been long noted for
various branches of the linen, fiik, and
cotton manuf?,(5tures, and is now prin-
cipally confpicuous as the centre of the
cotton trade. The labours of a very
populous neighbourhood are collected
at Mauchefter, whence they arc fent to
London, Liverpool, Hull, &c. Thefe
confill of a great variety of cotton and
mixed goods, fitted for all forts of mar-
kets, both at home and abroad, fpread-
ing over a great part of Europe, Ame-
rica, and the coaft of Guinea. The
manufactures of tapes and other fmall
wares, of filk goods, and of hats, are
alfo carried on at Manchefter; from
which various fources of wealth it has
attained greater opulence than almoft
any of the trading towns in England.
Its chief ornaments are the college, the
exchange, the collegiate church, another
large church, and a fpacious market-
place. The churches and chapels of
the eftablifhment are n in number,
with as many places of worihip for dif-
ferent fe£t8 of difienters. la refpeA to

MAN
population it runki next to London,
the number of inhabitants benig H4,o:o
in I Ho I, and 98,s73 in lUii. By the
Jrwcll it has a communication with the
Mcrfi-y, and all the late various extcu-
fions oi inland navigation. It i<< .;6 m K
by N Liverpool, and i8i nnw London.
Lon. % 10 w, lat. 53 27 n.

Mtinc/ir/lert a t(»wn of Vermont, in
Bennington c )unty, fituate on Batten
rivtr, which flows into the Huill'on,
above Saratoga. It is 33 m N Betmlng-
ton, and 35 s Rutland.

MaHche-j/er, a town of Vir^^lnia, on
James rivtr, oppofite Richmond, with '
which it is connected l-y abiidge.

Manciet, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Oers, 17 m sw Condom.

Miindal, a town of Norway, capital
of a province in the government of
Bergen ; leated near the mouth of a
river of the fame name, do \\\ wsw
Chridianfand. Lun. 7 42 v., lat. j8

Mandrrfeheid, a town of France, in
the drpartment of Sarre, lately of Ger-
many, in theelcftorateot TrcvcR, a6 m
NNE Treves.

Mandlnf^o, a country in the w part of
Negroland, at the fources of the rivers
Niu:er and Senegal. Not only the in-
habitants of this ftatc, but the bulk of
the people in many other diftricfts in ihe
welttrn part of Africa, are called Man-
din^os, probably from having originally
emii^ratcd from this country. The
Mandingos, in general, are of a mild,
fociable, and obliging difpofition : the
men are above the middle fize, well-
ftinped, ftrong, and capable ot enduring
great labour ; the women are goodna-
tured, fpriphtly, and agreeable. The
drefs of both fcxes is compofed of cot-
ton cloth, of their own manufafture ;
that of the tnen is a loofe frock, with
drawers that reach half way down the
legs, and a white cap on their heads ;
and they wear fandals on their feet.
The women's drefs confifts of two
pieces of cloth, about fix feet long and
three wide ; one of thefe is put round
the waift, and hangs down to the an-
cles; the other is thrown negligently
over the bofom and flioulders. See
Kamalia.

Mandjhurit or Manchfus, a branch of
the Mongul Tat tars, whofe anceftors
conquered China in the thirteenth cen-
tury, but were expelled by the Chinefe
in 1368. They inhabit the three pro-
vinces of Eaftern Tartary, and retain the
cuftoms they brought from China.

Manfredonia, a feaport of Naples, in
Capitanata, aod an archbifliop't fect

w

II

■ n

ilr I '

MAN

with a cnftle «ikI a good hirbotir. All
lortH of vrgetahlf J ^r^• in .'iliurutliii'r,
and moft of thi* con tKpinnl trom the
provjMce U Htippcd here. It i» fiiitvil
oil .1 );ulf of the IJimc namo, .30 in EM
Ltici-iA. Lon 16 li K, t.it. 41 )5 N.

Munf^ahre, n Own of lliiuluolttn, ca-
pital or C.Miiia. It is fciti'it iKtwcco
the two armn or a fine 1 \k>; ot'lalt watcTi
eich of which rrieivf^ a nvrr fron the
G^iKs •, but th** bar at th«* cnlnnc** into
thiihr.rhodr will not admit vtflelbdtaw-
ing more lh;4ii Ini feet- The town in
built along tlu> lidcs uf the p^ninlula,
and iti ihrt clKV.ilcd center are the r<>
mains of a fort, which the lai** fnltan
Tippou ordered to be demnlilhtd. It is
a place of great t'ade, and the prir.cipii
exporrt are rice, betel-nut, bla':k pep-
per, fandal wood (from the country
above the Gauti) cinnamooi and tur-
meric. Ill this town a treaty of peace
was figncJ between Tippoo and die
Engliih, in 1784. It is 130 m nnw
Calicut, and iQosbt': Goa. Lon 75 4
*, lit. n 50 K.

AJanjreea, an ifland in the Piicific
ocean, five leagues in circumfcrtitcc
In the interior parts it riiV^s inio fmall
hills, and captiin v ook ripiefAntb it as
a fine id md ; but did nut find a landini;
pla^e. Some of the inhabitants came
on bo.ird, and they feenied to refemble
thofe of Otahcitc, in the beauty of tl'cir
perfons and general dtlpoQtiou. Lon.
158 16 w, lat. 21 z; s.

Manheim, a ftrong city of Germany,
in the late palatinate of the Khinc, a!-
moft furrounded by theNeckar and the
Rhine. 'J he ilreets are all ftraifiht, in-
terfedling each other at right angle? ; and
it has three noble gates, adorned with
baflo-relievos. The palace la a magnifi-
cent llrudture, with a cabinet of natural
curiofities and a gallery of pictures.
The inhabitants are conDpntctl al 14,000.
^Janheiin has been frequenily taktn and
retaken by the French and Auftrians in
the late wars, fn 1802, it was ceded to
the margrave of Baden. It is 17 m n
Spire, and 4a s Frankfort. Lon. 8 34
E, lat. 49 29 N.

Manica, an inland kingdom of Caf-
freria, bounded 011 the n by Moca-
ranga, e by Sofala and Sabia, and s and
w by unknown regions. It is faid to
abound with mines of gold, and has a
river and capital of the fame name ; but
it is little known to the Europeans.

Manickdurgt a town of Hindooftan,
in the country of Berar, 5 m sb
Cbanda.

MtuUek^ouTi a town of Hin4ooftan,

AT AN

in the country of (Jtule, jo m ww Alia-
hah id, .Mid (>i .■»»« LiickiiKW.

)liinill,tt the capit.il .»f rhe illand iT
I.ucoiii'i, .IS Will AS of the Jither I'hi-
lippiiic id ituls, and the fee of an nrcl-
bilhop. who is comtnoiily the Spiiiiih
vitcioy, It is well tot'ifiid, and de-
fended by the cdtl.- .f S; I'hUip. 'V\w
iMimt)rr tifChrithan inh ibil.mtd is clli-
mttcd at ij.oco. Molk «>f the puUlic
(trii^'.iiresaic built of wocul, on account
of the fretpifnt earthqiiakin, by one uf
which, ill 1617, a mountain »vaH Icvelltdj
and in \(>t\, a third pnit of the city was
ovciihri)v» II by another, when ^oco per-
ii)na pcrillied in the ruins. Tliis city is
icntpd nrar the lake liar ia,nn the i': ildc
of a bay, un the ^w cuall. The bay is a
circular bafin, 10 leapu**" 'i> dinmrier,
and grt- it part of ii land-locked ; but
the port prciiliar to the city, called
I avne, lies 9 m to the sw, and \> the
uI'uhI flation of the fliips cmplnytil in
the Acapuico tr.'ide ; for an a( count of
which, fee l.nconia. 'I'Ima eily ibininds
with convetitt; and there is alft an in-
qiiiliiidii. On accouiii o' ihi' puic nnd
inilil temptra'ure of the .lir it i-. ('.ceni-
ed the milt he.d'liy of all the lairopean
fetll 'inents in thi E.di. In 1762, the
! iit'lifli took this city by llnrm, and
huniinely fuflfered the archbilluip to
raiilom it for about a million flerling ;
but great part of the ranloiu never was
paid. Lon. 120 fs v., hit. \M,(i n.

Manningtrfe, a town in lifTtx, with a
market on Tuefday. The principal im-
poris are deals, corn, coal, and iron. It
is fcated on a branch of the Stoiir, call-
ed Maiiningtiee-wattr, 11 m w Uar-
wich, and 60 tN^^ London.

JMo'iofqiw, a town of France, in the
depaitnient of Lower .Alps, with a
caftle ; featcd on the Durance, 25 m
NK a:x.

Manfiurry, a town and fort of Ilin.
coolluu, ill the country ofDooab, 24 m
E A),'ra.

Manrej. , a town of Soain, in Catalo-
nia, with a caftle and fevcial convents;
feated at the conflux of the Cardtncro
with the Lobbregat, 15 m SE Caidona,
and 20 NW Barcelona.

Mans, a city of France, capital of the
department of Sarle, and the (ee of a
biuiop. It was formerly very popu-
lous; but the inhabitants now fcarcely
amount to 13,000. It has excellent
poultry, and its wax and Ituffli are fa-
mous. It isfeateu on a high hill, by the
Sarte, near its conflux with the Huifne,
ao m s Alen9on, and 75 w by w Or-
leans. Lon. o 9 E> lat. 48 o n.

JO m Kw AII4.

II'KV.

"ii' «»th«'r I'lij.
'•'I' of an aid,.
''V tl'c Sp;,ni(|,
••n.(t, .iiiii ^\^.,
f PS.Iip. 'l-h,.
'•"I 'iitd is crti-

"f ihc pill, lie
"«l. on acrntiiit
kt», by orn.' ,,f
ill »vat Icv.llccJ.
»f I lie city waj

hen ^oco per-
Tliin city is
a, on the t Jidc

■ The bay U a
" in (liimricr,
•Mocked; but
e city, c.n\k^
^'^^. and i., tbt.

I tmploytii in
an ;«( <-.)iint of
•^«''y ibt'iMuU

■ "!» 'iiCi nil in.
'.Ill'" pure find
'"■ if i^ Crcni-
tlie luiropean

•n «762, ilie

•y 'l"im, and

archbi/hop to
ion fhrling;

)m riirviT was

■ i4,-;6 N.
tfllx, with a
p'incip.il im-

I and iron. It

't Stour, call-

I m w [ia,..

I.

ancc, in the

'PS witli a

laiicf, 25 m

fort of liin.
5oi)at>, 24 ni

f. in C.italo-
;il convents ;
; Cardtncro
>E Oil dona,

'pifaJ of the
hrf iw of a
'^cry popij.
3w fcarceiy
i» excellent
nffs are fa-
Iii!), by the
lie Huifne,
by N Or-

N.

M A N

MtiH/arMr, n ttk'j of Tibet, from
which the njutherirnoft head of the
ri-ingei i* fuppofd lu ilFue. It ii 115
in in circumterciice, and liui about 79
B Ion. and J4 u lac.

ManifflJ, .1 town of Upp<'r Saxony,
in a county of ltd n.tme, wuh a decayed
calUt! on u high lock, 8 tn nnw Eille-
ben

Mani/ielJt itown in Notiinghamfliire,
with a market on i'hurlday, a trade in
corn and malt, and a matiufu^ure of
ftockinga. The number of inhabitant!
was 59H8 in iBoi, and 6K16 in iHi i. It
ii featcd on the edge of thf forert of
Sherwood, 14 m n Nottingham, and
ij8 N by w Loruloi..

Atanjil/a, a town of Spain, in the
province of Leon, 14 m sse Leon.

Manj'orn, a tou'ii of tlie kingdom of
Fez, .'(Mild near the mouth of the Guii
' 60 m w Meijiiincz.

Maiijoura, a town of K^ypt, which
has a conltderalile trade in rice and faU
.immoni.ic- Ilercarc likewife valt chick-
en ovend. It ik feaied on the 1. lide of
the Nile, 24 in saw Daniictta, and 60
N Cairo

Ma»/ura, a to^vn of .Afiatic Turkey,
in Irac-Aiaiii, lituateon the iMiphiites,
at the influx ot r. liranch of the Tigris,
i;o "n WKw Uairoia.

Mintaca ; fee Mataca.

AJa.itij, a town 01 Fiance, in the de-
partment of Seinr and Oilt", with a
bridge over the Seine, the great aicli of
which is 120 feet wide. The wines of
its vicinity are famous. It is 31 m nw
Paris.

Mantua, or Mantuan, a duchy of
Italy, lying along the river Pu, which
divides it into two parts. It is bounded
on the w by the Cremonefe. n by the
Veronefe, E by the Ferrarere. and a by
the duchies of Ueggio, Modena, and
Mirandola. It is 50 m long and i]o
broad, and fruitful in corn, pafture,
flax, fruit, and excellent wine. CharIeK
iv, duke of Mantua, having taken part
with the French, in the difpute relating
to the I'ucceflion of Spain, was put un-
der the ban of the empire, and died in
1708. Having no heirs, the houfe of
Anftria kept pofllfllon of the Mantuan
till 1800, when the French obtained it,
after the battle of Marengo-

Mantua, a city of Italy, capital of
the duchy of the lame name, and an
archbifliop's fee. It is feated on an
ifland in the middle of a lake, ao m in
circumference and two broad, formed
by the Mincio ; and fo very .ftrong by fi-
tuatiun as well as by art;, that it is one of
Ihe moft coofideruble fortrefies in £u'

MAR

ro^'f. Theotr'y way into the city is b*
two i.nolet or btidgeH, each of which ii
d( fended by a fort aiid oilier work*. In
the heal nl' iummer, when the lake it
low, the air bccomer. noxioui, und the
better fort « f the inhabitants leave the
city for Ibine time. The citadel i» part-
ly free from this inconvenience, and in
it ia always kept a ftrong garnlim. Th«
ftrectsare in general btoad and llriiiight,
and the honles liandlbme. Tin- cathe-
dral has a noble dome, decorated with
pilallers and tine p.iintings ; the church
of St. Anthony is lamouH for relics; and
the Fr.incilcin church i;> one ot the moft
elegant ot that ord r iti Italy, llete ar?
many other churches, immcroun con-
vent?, ufyn^yojiue for the Jcwi who liv«
in I (liftindl (I'jirter, a univtility, the
uncicnt du>'al palace, with its gallery of
p.'.intinjjs, S.C. It wa • greatly noted for
Its lilks, and filk m tiitifaAures, which
are now nuieli dt cayed, ntui the inhabit •
ants reduced to about 12,000. Vit^ril
was boin at a vili.)ge iic.ir this city.
\'antua funentbued to the French in
i^ij;, after a fiegc of cij;l>' months; and
it w.is atiackid by tlie Auftiian and Uul-
fi.in army, in 1799. to which it Curren-
dered atier a lliort lie^'C It is 35 m nk
Parma, and 90 t.bi; Milan. Lon. 10 50
K, I at. 4;, lo N.

Mufizanarcst a town of Spain, in
Nev/ Call Ic, near the Iburce of a livcr
of the lame name, 27 m nnw Madrid.
— Another, in the di(lri(5t of Mancha,
famous for its wine, leated near the
r'ver Azuer, i\\ m E by N Cuidad
Re.d.

Maouna, one of the Navigators iflands
in the Pacific ocean. Here, in 1787,
Peioul'c met with his Brft fatal acci-
dent ; captain LangIc, Lcmanon the
naturalift, and nine liiilors being maf-
lacred by the nativei. Lon. 169 o w,
lat. 14 19 «

Mapimii, a town of New Spain, in
New Bileay, with a fortrels, 130 m n
Durango.

MaracaU a town of Terra Firma, in
the province of Caracas, near the t ex-
tremity of the lake Tocarigua, ao m
i-NK Valencia.

Mcracaybu, a lake of Terra Firma,
in the province of Venezuela, lao n\
long and 60 where broadclt. It is na-
viy.'.l^'.e for large veflTcls, and communi-
cates vith the gtilfof Venezuela by a
Itrait, which is defended by ftrongfgrts.
Several Spanith towns are feated oh its
borders. The e lide is moftly fterile ;
and to the n e of its margin is a hollow
containing an inexhaullible quantity of
nuneral pitch, which, mixed with tal-

• '• ■.''' ''If"

11

lrf^*j

1 ^ i

H|j ■•:ii-\ IB

'dm

^M-Hl

■;*'-^^:'|: *

M A R
luvr, n'\^t^ a Koml hnttom to vrfTclt.
Tlu- \.ipi)nr tli.it riliH Iron tliii miiit be*
cnmri mil >niC4i in thr Air. iiml in the
ni^ht piiutuceit the rHVilt of phofphortc
litfhtu, which air called by Uilur* tlii-
M^r.ii'iiylxi Liiilrrni.

Mttracuifho, A fliy of Trira Firini,
ill ihtf proviiicf iif Vi'Pr/.ijf l.i. 1 1 t.«n ie»
nn .1 ^ttAl traJr in tkini,('l)ucolJtr,iind
flnt! tohncco s ai I lhlpi« ;iir built hi-rc,
tviili'h xo to ■ill P"''t'* of Atnrricii .1
rvcii to Spain It i» liatcd on the
rule ul' the uutlci of th«> Ukoof it» rMttX',
60 m wsw Vniirucla. Loff. 70 jo !»
lat. 10 ,^0 K.

Mtir/txn, « town of I'crfia, in Adcr-
bijaii. (iiiroundi'd by a wall. It iit well
biiili. I. '8 n Ip.icioiiN b;«/.ar, and A glalii
nunulii'tiire} Ar(\ iLind« on u rivrr, 10
nt K of it* mautli in l.iki- Ui niia, And 60
t by w Tabriic. Luii. 46 aj t, lat.

^Inrnnnnnit a northern province of
Braliti which cumpn hctidsa frdilepu-

f>uloiis idand, of the fame n.inne, i n tn
n circumference-, at the month of three
rivi-rs. The Fn-nch llitled hfie in 161 a ;
but they w«t«? loon txpelicd by tin- Por-
tugueli:. St. Louit dc Maraiinan is the
chief town.

Marattori ; d'C Amazon.

"Maranot a foi lifted liapoVt of I aly,
in Friuli, feated 'mj the gulf of Vpiiicc,
a/ m s by r. Udina. Lon. 13 j K| lat.
45 .M N.

Martini, a town of France, in the
dcpartmLtit of Lower (harcntf, with a
confulcrable trade in fait, malt, corn,
and meal. It is fituate on the S«-vri*, in
the midd of iait marHies, la m nnk
Rochcllo, and 21 w Niurt.

Marant, or Amaranth a town of Per-
iin, in the province of Aderbijan, con-
taining 2500 huufcs each with a garden,
litiiate near a river, and watered by ca-
nals. Cochineal is found in the neigh-
bourhood. The inhabitants fay that
Noah was buried here. It is 50 m N
Tauris. Lon. 47 46 k, lat. 39 7 n.

Mara/a, a town of Negroland, in
Wangara, on the n fide of the Niger,
160 m NK Chanara. Lon. 17 10 e,
lat. 15 50 N.

Marafcli, a town of Afiatic Turk«7,
in Uoiim. capital of a fungiacate, and
4he fee of a biilinp. It is 50 m e
Adana- Lon 36 j; E, lat, 37 2 n.

jMarathoHi a village of European Tur-
key, in Livadia, formerly a city, 10 m
NNK Athens. It is famous fur the
vi<5tory obtained on its plaia by Mil-
tiades, with io,oco Athenians, over
110,000 Ferfians, who loft above 10,000
men, and alio many of ibcir (hips.

M Alt

Maravt, a lake in th« •■ part of Afri-
en, known to t-xtrnd n ')oo m in Irti/th,
iikH probably miicli niorri the bicadtli
abnu* ^o m. At itn • rxtrtmiity is a
town A the (lime name. I.on. 33 10 a,
lat. I ( to %.

M.tr, war, a country of llindnnftan,
in the i.'anulic, to the » of Ttiijorc,
aiioiit 'o m long .nul 40 broid. 'Fhr
chi. r pKicri ate K.iinunad and Trip.i-

it/ar(nvin4i,» river of Oinyana, which
frp.naff* Suiiiiam fr«>m Ciycnin?. it i»
noted f>T a itirioiin ptbbic, known by
the name ot tlic Marawina diamond,
which, whin polillud, iv often fet in
rings, v\'c. It tnteik the Atlantic in lon.
5.M» w, ht 5 5K N.

Miiraxion, or Marktt Jt<u>\ a town in
Corinvall, with a market on Thnrfday,
liMted on a creek of Mount hay, 4 m
y. Pcn/ancc, and 178 w by s London.

Muthach, a town of Siiabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemhcrp. f* ati'd on the
Nrckar, 9 m nnk Stutgard.

Marbvlla^ a town of Spain, in Gra-
nada, fcated near the mouth ol thr Riu
Vcrdt.', at the foot of high mountaini,
aS m wsw Malaga.

Mtirblfhftid, a town of MafTichufi-ts,
in LflVx county, with a harbour pro-
teded by a f(>a wall, and defended by
a battery and citadel. It has three
churches, and Auuls on a neck of land,
in Mallachufets bay, 19 m nk Bolton.
Lon. 70 50 w, lat. 4a 37 N.

Marbtirg, a ftrong town of Oertviany^
capital of Upper IlelVe. It has a forti-
fied caftio on tht; top of a mountain,
a univerfity, aud an academy. The
church of St.Elifabeth is a fine edifice,
and near it is the hoiili; of the Teutonic
order, in which the commander over
the canton of Hefle refides. Marburg
was taken by the French in 1757, but
it furrendered to the allies in 1739 ; and
in 1760, it was taken again by the
French- It is ientcd on the Lahii, 47
m sw Cafl'el. Lon. 8 50 e, lat. 50

48 N.

MarceUin, St- a town of France, in
the department of Here, feated on the
Here, at the foot of a hill, in a country
that produces excellent wine, 30 m s'jE
Viennc.

Marc/i, a town in Cambridgefliire,
with a market on Friday. In 1730
three urns full of burnt bones and fomc
fmall Roman coins were dug up near
this place. It is feated on the Nen, in
the middle of the ille ofEly, a6 mNNW
Cambridge, and 81 n London.

Marc/iSurg, or Ma/iriurg, a town of
Cerauay, iu Stiria; capitij of a cirdc

flf it* name
vicinity ^re ^
on the Drav
,i, \)\ r. lit.
SUirclul»
territory ot
tlano*.

Miirthr,
boniuled <iii
veriinc, w y
inolri It
•jtid fertile
tormi the d
Martfif,
purimeiit '>
tlie M'lii'o
40 > by w '
Mm I /if '
theilun's,
Mi'letie,

MarchiC
old caltle,
fronlitrs (i
Vienna.

Marrhei

Uilia. leate

lilf in olivi

Maxltif

lands, in

on the S.ii

Marchii

the depat

moral's ot

Dou.iy.

Mnrcia

ra di Lav(

Marciif

deparim.-;

the river

n by w A

Marck,

the depai

6 Straibu

Marco

a river ol

into Ap

Augullir

Marcc

libtia Ci

N Coler

Marti

Englilb'

7 m E C

Mam

departn

to whit

Dunkir

Mari

a diltri

It is i(

lat. 15

Mai

Roisthi

4 broai

'U>, '1 town in
•n Tliur((d.iy,
UMt bay, 4 m

r » I.uriilon.
"■ibi.t, In the
itt'd oil the

MAR

nf Itf name, 'vith two cuftlrt. In ihr
vicinity Mrr Kootl vinry.iri]«. it i* Ir^itrd
un the Dnvr, ^6 m »»R Or«U> L4)n.

H ^H f.. ht. 46 .<H N.

MfirfUirf, i\ Kiwii uffluiUia, l'» thr
territory ot ('t)iinancc, ii in nr Con-
llance.

Marthf^ a Lite province of Priincfi
bounded on tb^ H by lt> rry, k by An-
vrrttiic, w by An^onmoi*, Jiiil t by Li-
moliir It i* 55 in btnic^nd 25 bro.ut.
and fVrtile in corn ;uiil wine. It now
tormi the drp.iriin< nt <»» CrciiJe.

Martht, A town ol Fmuc**, hi the df-
p;iriM\ciit <tf V'ii(kc»» iirar ihc foiitcc of
thu Moiizon, 20 ni n Nfutcbatcuui and
40 t by IV Tonl.

Mnrclit in Fti>nene,\ town of thr Nc-
tlu'rlinils, III Luxrtnbiir^, ItMti'd oil llie
M.i'lfttc, x\ m »K Niituir.

Marehcck, a town of Auilria, with ;in
old c.iltle, li'.iti'd nil tt'c M^rch, 0:1 the
frontiers of Hungary, 23 m K by N
Vierina.

Marrhrna, ii town of Spiln, in Anda-
Uifu. (catrd in the middU'ol'.i p'.iiii, f'er-
tii«' in olives, 8 in ». nk Scviil--

Marchifnncj, :i town o' thr N'l Ihcr-
l.inds, in till- territory ot l^iciic, Icatcd
on the S.imbrt't 4 nn w Ch.ulcroy.

Marc/tifnnrj, a town ot I'Vriiice, in
the dt'partmtut of NonI, lifati-d in a
nuiraCi on the river Sc.npc, 7 m hsv.
Doiiay.

Mnrciam/i,}\ town of N.iplcn, in TiT*
tA di Lavoro, 13 in nnk N iplcs.

Alarciifny, a town of Frario*, in the
di'purtm.^iit of Saone and Loiir, nt^r
the river Loire, 3 a m w M.icon, and 43
» b V w Autnn.

Marckoljheim, a town of Franco, in
the department of Lower Rhine, 35 m
e Siraflburg.

Marco, St. a ftaport of M Florida, on
a river of the (iimc* name, at its entrance
into ApaUche b.iy. 180 m wnw St.
AiigulUn. Lon- 84 38 w, lat. jo 18 n.

Ajarco, at. a town of Naples, in Ca-
hbria Citra, feated ou tlu* Senito, tz m
N Col<;nza-

Manou, St- two fmall ifl mds in the
Engli(hchani>el,neartliecc>alt of France,
7 m K Cape la Hogue.

Mareiike, a village of France, in the
department of Nord, ieated on a cuial,
to which It gives name, 4 m w by b
Dunkirk.

March, a town »)f Arabia, capita) of
a diltritit, in the province of Yemen.
Jt is 100 m 8R Sanaa. Lon. 47 30 e,
lat. 15 44 N.

Mane, Loch, a lake of Scotland, in
Rolslhir':, 18 n> loiig,.ti)d, in fomr parts,
4 broad, a contiiia:! uaoy fmall iflandSf

M A H
and nbotindi with ialmott, char, and
tront.

MarfHjft, a vilUKf, lately of Italy, in
Mihni fr, fcjtrd in u pUm, 3 ni at nf
AleHnidri4. It in l.iiitoui for a dcciiivr
vitftory g4ined tivir tli** Aul\ri4iit in
IHoo, by which thc French became con*
nitrrork of |l ily. It now b. li>n|iito
Fr iiur, and jj'v«'« n.ime to a n.w di"
puttiient, inclii'liiiK part of .NhhiirtW
aiiil PirJmoni, ol which Al« xuiulria il
tlir cl'ii t town

Muftlimo, an i(l.iii«l In thr M liiterra*
ne.tn, un the w co,d\ ot Sicily. 11 m in
circtimference. It liaii 4 callle, with a
few farm liotilen. and piixlticei much
honey. Lon. 12 15 k, lat. jM \ m.

Marytim, a Iomii ot VV.ile*, in OI.V
nuii)t,ihlhiir, which hi* cxtt iiiive cp-
per woikd, a S.itinday nurket holden
adj.iceni to them, and the remainn of a
lir^'e abUiy It is lituaie at the f«)ot of
a inoniit lin coveted wiili oakt, 10 m ^iK
ot Neath, and 18X w London.

Miir^onta, an ill iiid near Terr.i Fir-
ma, 40 in lo-n; and 15 bro.id.ditcoveretl
by Coliinibii" 111 i4<yK. 'I'lie conli11U.1l
Verdure it ndrr u it plealiint, being rich
in p.iflnre; |>nt it ban ni« fudi water.
It waH t.ikeii ill 1636 liy the Dutch, who
demoliihed the catlli-; fincc which time
i( hai4 been in a manner abandoned by
the 8i).iniard», and i:i now principally
inhabited by die nalivea. Lon. 64 10
w, lat. II 10 N.

Marfratt, a town in Kent, in thc iflc
of Tlianet. with a murkt » on VVednfli.
day and S.iturday. It ands on the
fide of a hdl, has a Aone pier, and .is a
member ol the port of Dover. It has a
great refort of compai y loi" fei bathing,
and the bniidiiigii for their accommoda-
tion are numcrousand handlitme. Great
quuDtitieH of corn are expoited hence,
and there are regtdar paliage boats to
and from London. It \» 17 m inr
Canterbury, and 71 k by s London.
Lon. I 22 e, lat. 51 24 n.

Marfrozsa, a town of Italy, in Mi-
^ancfct near a fmall lake of its name,
40 m Nw Milan.

Maria, St an ifland in the Indian
ocean, near the e fide of Midagalcar.
It is 45 m long and 7 broad, well water-
ed, and furroundrd by rocks. Thc air
io extremely mnift, for it rains almoin
every day. It produces rice, fugar-
cancs, legumes, pineapples, tobacco,
&.'c. and on the cnads are found white
coral and amhergrife. The inhabitants
call it Ibrahim. Lon. 50 20 e, \?a, 17
o s.

Maria, St- the moft fouthern ifland
of the Azores, which produces plenty of

^

I

^t .\ u

wh#iit) mil Hut ahoui ifAe« Inh«bit4nti.
It M* « ittwii t*f Itii fxtne iuin<. Lun.
•5 9 w, hit, ^6 37 M.

Mahiit .V. .» lowf) of lerr« Pirma
rioprr, i'l tliv mitiicticc of P.in<inu.
ImiiIi hy ihr S|>.ii>Uril« uft<r tlii-y h.ul
diloivi rnl th'' KtiUI minri th.U Are nc^r
it, iiiul loun iiftir t.tkin by itti* iMifrliili.
It In l<.it«'«l t)tl Ihi* itol' "' St' Miclurl,
■t thflnlliix ot N tivirol th*' r.iinc iiamC'
Lun. 7N It w, ht ;6 43 *••

Miiiiti. >/. .1 town of Copj^o, r.ipitil
of !>>«• kirg I'tm . »■ M.it.inibi. It rt.iiuU
nn 4 river tint ilo^tit into the Cimii/d,
jio lit 1 L<MnU4- Lon. iH o k. int. U

Miithi(((il,iHtet ntip of t'tf Iciwaril
Ciin'n' ili.nuli, bclon. i ij'tothe l-rfnili.
It fxiduli iO tn Irtiin n to o, aiitl 4
f i>m r. t«» w. 1)11 the ►• ihuT arc hiliy
pel P'-ndicuLir rock* ( Aiul ithout h^lt'
ill tiirr:trt; Id bniri'n miuiiit.kinN. It
ii in'liflirmtly w.ifcrnl, but pr(ichu'<'!t
c ttoii. c>)(!'n', aiitt fnK^r. It \v4itak«ii
by N tb'itiiti frigtt*' in iRoK. 'i hr » end
is ,0 m N by 1: Uumiiilca. I'Uii. 61 iH
V, l.it it, 55 V.

Miirin/f)T, n f« nport of Denmark, in
the tli<i 1 (1 of AilnilVti. 'I ho chill'
tr.iilc it III Hone hikI iiine. It D.indit on
tlie ■< lulc i)ta>',iill, which comir.unic.itci
With thf C.i'tK'' » t^ >»i N by w Arliulcii.
L'.n. I) u R, Int. 56 J : i*.

Miiiinn ljlo*\l^ \ f'C l-aihtnet.
Mfi iii/h, a tiissii III Naples, in Ter-
n (b I'.iii, 6 m N'w Ciiavin.'u

Marie mix M'tna, a t«iwii of France,
in the drpirtm<Mit of Voli;tii, dividcil
info two parts by till' ii\(.r l.cbcr. It
\% l.iinons fur ftlvcr niiiu'^, and a^; m nvv
Nrw B.if.ch.

Marituhurf^, a ftronf: town of W
Priinii. c.ipit il of a palatiniitt; of the
fune iinrrc It U llattd .,11 tlie K br.mcli
<>F tilt* N'ilhila, z\ m su D.inczic. Lou.
19 « K, lat. 54 9 N.

Morienhurpr^ a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in Mifiiia, near wiiich me mint's
of filvcr, ircii, vitriol, atiJ fulpliur. It
lias mnnufadurcs of fnn- laci., and a
medicinal bath, and is 15 m sse Chem-
nitz.

RtarUnburt;, a town of Fnncc, In the
department of Aidcnnis, u m n lio-
croy.

Alnrienjlad a town of Swt den, in W
Gothland, at the se end of the lake
Wenntr, a6 m nnk Scara.

MarUntwrrder, the capital of W Pruf-
fa, with n fpacions palace, built in the
old Gothic tafte. Thi* cathedral is the
largeft church in PrufTia, being 320 feet
long ; and by its ftroiig breaftworks
feems to have formerly ferved as a for-

M A R

tivf<. In 170V, IVirr the gr^at, anj

i'mU'iic I uf I riillu, ha-l jti tiilri%jcw
»t Ihii pUcr. It U (e4t>d neir ihv \ if.
tub, 94 m «Mi KoniK(bcr|. Lun 1II51
k, lat ).4 50 w.

MttrujInJt, a town of Sweden, In W
Gothlaiiil, on the Lkir Wenncri 70 m
iw Orcbio.

Miiriilhi, a to\«n of the A-tteof Ohioi
fitiMtc un ihc Mulkiti)(iim» mar iii cun*
tluH with the Ohio. Here i» a church,
court'hoiife, and public ac4(b'my The
town ii l.iid out in Ipuiou* Un elu 4111!
fqnarcit ) but only a iinall portion ii yet
ercCtid. 'I'he Ciiiipint Aiartitu ii an
rtevited public l>|uari-, fouiuKd by the
Oliio Company in i;iili the rortiHca-
turn i4 all of hrwn liuihct, of fiipctior
txc«-llcnce. Marietta ii u cnmnicicial
place, and hat a d>M-kyard on the Mu(k<
iii^um, 41 the nioulli of Mhich ii a lort«
III the viciniiy wjn dilcov) red, in iHoo,
a bi'Udiilul till'cLited paveinml, a Ur^r
human (kelcton, and other curiuuM an-
ti(|uei. It in Ko in k Chillicuthc, and
a4o w by N Waihiinjion. Lon. Ui j; w,
lat. 4g 16 N.

Mariifniino, ,\ town of Italy, in Mi*
tanili', t«',ticd on liic I.ambio, ij m
M'. Mil.iii.

MaiiHih a town of It4ly, in Campag*
ii.i di Koina, 10 m y^v. Uurne.

Miirino, St. a llioiig town of It.ily,
in till- duchy of' Urliiiio, c.ipital ot a
fniali republic, I itcly uiid«T tin- protec-
tion of the pipe-. It is feattd on a
mountain, 17 ni nw Uibinu> Lun. la

J.3 ^» i'«t 4.) :a n-

Miitijjn, or ib,jr/7«, A river of Euro-
pean 'lurkcy, which lilea in Mount
ticarduK, in l\u' sw pail of l)ult!;aiia,
flows by na/ard^ik 10 Philippopoli,
when? it bccomrH n.^vigable ; then ch-
fers Romania, and flows by Adtianople,
Trajaiuipoli. .md Liio, into the Arthi-
pelaco.

3/rtr/t, a territory of CJcrmany, in the
circle of Wt(fpliaii;i, bounded on the s*
by the prim ip.ilily ot' Munllt r, k by the
duchy of W'cllphalia, and b and w by
that of lb rg. ll.im i^ tiie capital.

Murk, St. a (export on I be w lidf of
St. Dcimiiigo, on a bay to which it gives
name. Thf houIVs arc l)uilt of fr<cfionc,
which is abundant in the neighbourhood.
It was taken by tiio Englilh and royai-
ifls in 1794, and is 58 in nw Port-au-
Priticc. Lon. 7a 45 w, lat. 19 4 n.

Marht Hill, a town of Ireland, irt
the county of Armagh, 8 m t by » Ar-
magh.

AJarket Jew ; fee Rlnrazion-

Marlborough^ a borough iu Wiltfliirc,
governed by a mayor, with a market on

SaturiUy. Iti 116;. u rMrllimcnt wii
hclit 'n 'he «• t(U.', * hli-li fhil lcvrrt»l
|m«, ctlliHllhclttJiliitriol 'irivbrid|rc.
Of ihv wttl% unit iiitrh uf tM< C4Ulr
llirrc Arr Ihtl foiiic rc>tuiiMii | 4tiil U li.i*
lircn A Kom.in lUtbit. 'Ma' town con-
l.tin« two I'tiiirchci, anil i* lf4trit uii tlic
Kcruict, >6 lit N Hjlifhuiy, itttit 74 w
Luiuluii.

M>irIheroii_^fi, Atowtl «f M4(r«cl)iil't't»,
ill Miiltllclix CDuiiiy, wilti 4 muiiul4t.<
turc (tt Sp.itiilh brown, fium u kiiid uf
|o4m tmiiul ill thf nc>i)(l)b«)urlt'K>i|. li
U IS m w Ity « Uodnii.

Marlb«r«uj(li^ u town of New li.imp«
Oitrf. in Cti< iliiir coui.t/i 70 in w l>y •
FordWxiiiili.

Mi4rl/}»r^njf/t, Fitrt, »n Ci>f(li(h ('.J^lury,
nil tiiv w I'o^ll «it iliv tll4iiii ot'Suin.uru,
J m K HiDCM. ilrii.

MurlltorvH^h, l,o<u/fr, A town of' \r\
ryl.itut, III C.tiviK iiiiiiity, on tin- r. liiJe
uf t!»: i'.iuu<-iu, 14 III -4^. NV.itliinic
ton.

Mtirtlirou^h, '/^<T, a tovm of M4"
ryl.uidi tlncl uf Fiiiico ((< urge county,
fitii.itr on ilic llitivilit, n principit
brjiicli 01 tlic I'iituxcnt, 15 tn K VValh-
iii^ton.

Martow, A b<»ro»Kh in Biickin^;li,iin-
lliirr, Willi .1 niarkci mi .s liiirtl.ty, .iiij
a in.iiinr4«ftiirc of |il:iijk liik Lie::. It
ILiiuU lU'ar till' Th.iuu *, ovir wWkU in
a bridtce inio llcikdun-, 17 m m Aylcl-
bury, anit ,^1 w I.oikI ni.

Marl//, » village of France, 4 m n
Virr.ullc* Here is a pilatv, iiotoil lor
Its fine gardens .ind wau'r-wmlkS, ihrrc
bfinjt a macliinc on tin; Si-iric, ulnoli
not only fnpplic* IIktii vviiti water, but
alfo tho(;.'of Vcrriijk'i.

Mnrmande, a town of France, in the
di-partment of Lot and CJaronin', wliicli
lias a gre-it trade in corn, wine, and
brandy. It iwliated on the Garonne, 40
m St: Uourdeaitx. Lot), o 15 1., lat. 44
ao V.

Marmora^ or H'hiw Sea, tlie anci<'nt
Prop'Mitis, an inland ILm bi.'twecii Eu-
rope anil Afia, 1 so m in lein^tli and 50
in breadth. It eommii.iicalrs vvitli the
Black fca by the llrut of ConftaiUiii;)-
pie, and with thfj Archipelago by the
ftrait ot O.dlipali.

Marmora, .'ii ill.ind in the f«'a of Mar-
mora. JO m III cir.ii'nfrrcnc.'. Here
are marble qa nricH that fnppheil many
of the public ediiieed ill Conltantinopie.
It hu!i a town of the i'am« name. Lou.
a; u I", lat. 40 a8 n.

Marmora, a town of Naplifu, in Ca-
labria Ultra, 16 in w St. Severino.

Marne, a department of France, in-
eluding the late provinc« uf Cham-

hX \ II

pient. It tati«» !<• name from • rivrr,
which rtf«i iir ir Lanyrei, and How 4 «• w
to ihf 8c>n«» • liltlt •bov« I'arU.
lihiiiiM u 'h* trchlrpiicopAt fee. but
i h,ilo«i« l« the v'apUil.

Miirn*, (./»/v>,aiirp4itmcnlofFr«ncr,
iiiclndtiiti part of tlir t.ii« pruvinci* uf
ChinipiKiitf. Chaiimont it Uf capiut.

M.11 H,', a town of I'vrila, in Churafant
ao ) in N Ili-rAt

W«if«, A town ul Italy, in th«* princi*
pultty of Oit^flia, IcatcJ In « vatUy, I
in N w OtirKlia.

Maroi'j ; I '• M'>r»fto

Muro,'Hn, .1 lo'vn of Kuropein Tur*
koy, In Koinania. and a Ori>ck arch*
bidt tpi ice I l'( lud near the Mfdit^.T*
laniMM, 70 111 "'A' Adiianople. Lon. aj
41 f., lat. 4-) 17 N

Mur^'utrtjiiin, * town of Iiiif.in.i,
withananci ni c.iltl**. f iVd Diar the
rivir Acha, n n\ w *«al/,i»iifj;.

Mfirq-r^ai, five illtiid- • 1 'he P'e.flc
nc^an, 1141)11*11 Su Chrillnii, M ittduUna,
St. D miiii'ei. St. Peilr>). .in I iIo..«|.
Till' 1)1 II I'lur were dil'c'V'r'd by Qm^
rutin i:,9.$i the l.ifl li> Co.ik in 1774.
ht. Do'i.iniea in inu.h ihe LiritiU, ati nit
4H m in circiit. Ciptain Cook, in liia
leeoiul voy.i^fi', l.iy ("tnif 'iijio at St.
Cluill na. in i')n. 1 .49 >) \v,anil l.u 9 <;} «.
It \n hi^Ji atiil Uc' p, but Imh ni my va\-
Uy», which vvidrn lo.v.ntt ( te fv,a, and
nil' c'lvi-fkd with litu iuikil"- to the Turn*
niiti of till* iiitnior moi.iita'n:* 'I'he
prodiK'tsul lliffe illandii are bicul fruit,
auianAH, piantauiK, roco« mitii, fc.iiUt
beann, pap<-r mulbtni'H (of the bavk of
v'lii^li their elclh it madt ) ciin.irniaK,
with other tropic. il platith anvt treiti
anil II' t^H .'iiid fowU. I'l e Aiai(|Ue-
faiK artt of lartte A •tine, well tn.iJe,
llroii^, and aiMue; nt a t.iwny com-

filexion, but loolt almwd bl.ick, by
»i iiiy; tatooed ov» r tin- whole body.
The m< I) al\v,iy»j:ii naked; for the fmall
piecf of cloili, which lonie of them oc«
calioii.illy wear roniid th-ir I liiiii, can-
not be conlitleied .is iloihin)<. Their
annieimlift of clubs, fpe ra, and flin^ts ;
and the perl'onk kil'ed and takt n in war
,nre (!i voiip'd. S.nne ol the wtnnen are
'II ar!y as fair a^ Europeans, and among
them t-looing Is not tommon, and tlu-n
(e..ly uiithc hands and arniii. Their drink
is water only, coco.i mit> b 111^; rather
Icarce. Their la'ii;ii.ii.'e much ref» inblcs
that of ihf .S,,cicty lil.indii. To the
n.nw of the MatqiM'fiH is a group fume-
timfii cali>d the New Mai(iuei'.is ; liro
Ihfi ra h u m Ijia nds .

Marjal, a town of France, in the de-
partiui:ni of Meutle, with cinfulerable
Ult-wurkt; fcatcd on the Scllc, in a

I I

I

M

17 m ENE

'.' ■ . ' I

marfti difficult 0."
Nrfncy.

Mar/u.'j, a city of Sicily, in Val dl
M iz^ra, biiitt on the roins of the .indent
Lilyliaeiim, at the molt weflcrti point of
the idancJ, and fiirroiindtd by a wall,
U'iih fix hal^ions. Its fine port was de-
ftroyed by John of Auftri.i, in 1562, to
prevent the entrance of the Tuiicifh
Rallitj ; but a long reef of rocks Aill
form a temporary flielter for fmall vef-
f.'!s. The town is well Iniilt, and of
cohfidcrablc importance from the pro-
du«itive country around. It i« 58 m
W6W Palermo- Lon. is 34 e, lat- ^7

55 N-

jMarjiinne, a town of France, in the
department of Drome, 8 in nne i\ion-
telimar.

Marfaquiver, a ftrong feaport of Al-
giers, in the province of Mafcara, be-
longing ti> the Spaniards, who took it
in 173 z. It is feated on a rock, near
a buy of the Mediterranean, 3 m from
Or.m.

Marfafoufay a feaport of Barbary, in
Barca, on a bay of the Mediterranean,
42 m w Derna. Lon. ai z e, lat. 32
47 N.

Mar/eh ; fee Moraw-

Marfdfrtt a village in W Yorkfhire,
near the l()urce of the Coine, and on the
Huddcrsfitld canal, 7 m sw Hudders-
fielil. Here are fome extenfive coiton
mills.

Marfetllesy a city of France, in the
department of Mouths of the Rhone,
and lately an epifcopal fee. It was fo
celebrated in the time of the Romans,
that Cicero ftyled it the Athens of the
Gauls, and Pl-ny called it the Miftn-ls
of Education. It is featfd on the Me-
diterranean, ai the upper end of a gulf,
covered and defended by many fmall
iflands. It is divi<led into the old town,
or the city, and the new town. The
firll is built on the fide of a hill ; but
the houfes are mean, and the ftreets
dirty, narrow, and deep : in this part is
the principal church, built by the
Goths, on the ruins of the temple of
Diana. The new town is a perfe<St
contrail to the city, with which it has
a communication by one of the fineft
ftreets imaginable ; and the other ftreets,
fquares, and public buildings are
beautiful With refpe(5l to commerce,
Marfeilies has been called Europe in
Miniature, on account of the variety of
dre/Tes and languages which are here
feen and heard. - The port is a fpacious
balin of an oval form, and is defended
by a citadel and fort. In 1720, the
plague raged with great violence^ and

M A n

carried off^coooof the inhabitants. Tn
1793, Marfeilies revolted againft the
Frj'nch national CNuvcntion. but was
foon reduced. It is 13 m Nw Toulon,
and ^61 B by E Pariii. Lon. 5 za £, lat.

43 '8 N-

Marjhfieldi'a. town in Gloucefttrfliire,
with a maikct on 'i'uw'fday, fi>ated on
the Cotefwold hiUs, 1 1 m E Brillol, and
103 w London.

Mnrjico Niiovo, a town of Naples,
in Priiicipato Citra, 21 m nne Policai-
tro.

Mar/ico T'ecchlo, n town of Naples,
in Kalilicata, near the river Acre, 23 m
NB I'olicaflro.

MarjVli/, A town of Fraoce, in the
department of Marne, 10 m s Su/anne.

Maijlrandt a rocky ifland of Swcdf'n,
in the Categat, lying n of the mouths
of the Gotha. It is a m in circum-
ference; and on account of its fttcnpth,
is called the Gibraltar of Sweden. The
town ftands on the e fide, and has a
fecure and commodious harbour. The
caflle Hands on a rock, anil is ufed as
a ftate prilon. The inhabitants fubfift
chiefly by the herring fiflu'iy, by the
number of Ihips that in bad weather
take refuge in the harbour, and by a
contraband trade. Ii is 20 m nw Go-
theborg. Lon. 11 30 E, lat. 57 52 n._

Martot a town of Italy, in the patri-
mony of St. Peter, on a river of the
fame name, where it iffues from the lake
B )lfena, 10 m E Caftro.

Martaban, a city of Pegu, capital of
a province of the fame name, ftrtile in
rice, fruiis, and wines of all kinds. It
was a rich trading place bifore the
king of Birmah conquered the country,
who cauiiid a number of velfels to be
funk at the mouth of the harbour, fo
that it is now only to be entered by
fmall veffels. The chiff trade is in
earthern ware and fifli. It is ft-ated on
the bay of Bengal, at the mouth of the
Thaluan, 120 m se Pegu. Lon. 97 56
E, lat. 16 30 N.

■Martago, a town of Spain, in Leon,
10 m ssb Ciudad Rodrigo.

Martapura ; fee Metapura-

Martely a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lot, feated near the Dor-
dogne, 18 m E Sarlat.

Martha, St. a province of Terra
Firma, bounded on the n by the Cari-
bean fea, e by Venezuela, s by New
Granada, and w by Carthagena. It is
a mountainous country, and the land
very high. It abounds with fruits pro-
per to the climate, and there are mines
of gold and precious ftones, and falt-
works. Here the famous ridge of moun-

tains begin
jun s the w
Martha,
of the fame
a bilhop's
rounded b
once tlouril
gjuch decl
no longer
built of cai
p:\lmetole;
pillaged
Dutch, an(|
on one of
100 m w t
^ w, lat.

Martha
s coalt o
w of Na
and 6 brt
Komans
fliiute Dii
fubfilt by
garton is
Mart hi
in the can
Rhine, 6
Martin
Beira, 2 a
Martiji
feated ne
Martij,
deparimi
feated ne
which pi
Marfeille
Marti
in Valen
Valencia
36 B, lat
Marti
ifle of R
citadel,
ao w, li
Mart
ribe ifla
circumi
nor riv<
tob.iccc
vated,
ribe ifli
edby t
taken 1
end is ,

IB4 N

Ma)
in Val
Sion.

Ma
Caribi
The I
1762,
and it
and I

Iiabitantfl. fn
flgainfl the
on. but was
Nw Toulon,
5 23 £>lat.

r>uceftcrnilrc,
y. fi'attd oa
Brillol, and

of Naples,
NNE Polical-

of Naples,
Acre, 23 m

aace, in the
s Suzanne,
of SwcJfp,
the mouths
in circum-
'its ftccnpth,
weden. The
, and has a
•hour. The
<1 is ufed as
itanta fubfift
it'iy, by the
)ad weather
r, and by a
) m N w Go-

t- 57 52 N.
ill the j;atri-
river of the
rom the lake

Lii capital of
If. fertile in
II Ivinds. It
before the
he country,
elfels to be
fiarbour, fo
entered by
trade is in
is feated on
uuth of the
Lon. 97 56

n, in Leon,

, in the de-
ir the Dor-

of Terra
y the Cari-
3 by New
ena. It is
I the land
fruits pro-
are mines
and falt-
: of moan*

MAR

tains begin, called the Andfi, which
run a the whole length of S America.

Martha, St. the capital of a province
of the lame name, in Terra Firm;i, and
a bUhop's fee. The h;<rb()ur is fur-
rounded by high mountains. It was
once ilourilhing and populous, but has
giuch declined linee thi.Spanifh fleets
no longer touch here. The houfcs are
built of caneH, and covered mollly with
p:ilmeto leaves. It has been frequently
pillaged and ruined by the Englilli, the
Dutch, and the buccaneers. It is feated
on one of the mouths of the Madalena,
100 m w by 8 Rio de la Hacha. Lon. 74
4 w, hit. II ay N.

Martha rtnn/ard, an ifland near the
s cuait of Maliachufets, a little to the
w of Nantucket. It is 21 m long
and 6 broad ; and with Chabaquiddic,
Nomana ifle, and Elilabcth iflcs, v!on-
Hitute Duke county. The inhabitants
fubfilt by agriculture and fiftiing. Ed-
garton is the chief town.

Martbakn, a town of SwiflTcrland,
in the canton of Zurich, feated near the
Rhine, 6ms ScalThaufen.

Martigao, a town of Portugal, in
Beira, 22 m ne Coimbra.

Martignana, a town of Piedmont,
feated near the Po, j m w Saluzzo.

Martigufs, a town of France, in the
department of Mouths of the Rhone ;
feated near a lake i z m long and 5 broad,
which produces excellent fait, 20 m Nw
Marfeilles.

Martin, Capt, a promontory of Spain,
in Valencia, which feparates the gulf of
Valencia from ttiat of Alicant. Lon. o
36 K, lat. 38 54 N.

Martin, St. a town of France, in the
iJlc of Re, with a harbour, and ftrong
citadel, 12 m wnw Rochelle. Lon. 1
ao w, lat. 46 13 N.

Martin, at- one of the leeward Ca-
ribe iflaiids, in tbe W Indies, 44 m in
circumference. It has neither harbour
nor river, but fcveral falt-pits, and its
tob.icco, the chief commodity culti-
vated, is reckoned the beft in the Ca-
ribe iflands. It was long jointly poflefT-
ed by the French and Dutch ; but was
taken by the Britifh in 1810. The w
end is 5 m s Anguilla. Lon. 63 8 w, lat.
18 4 N.

Martinach, a town of Swiflerland,
in Valais, on the river Dranfe, 12 m sw
Sion.

Martinico, one of the windward
Caribe iflaada, 60 m long and 30 broad.
The French poflefled it from 1535 till
1762, when it waa taken by the Britifh ;
and it was again taken by them in 1794
and 1809. There are high mountains

MAR

covered with trees, (^'veral rivers, an4
many fertilevalleys.yet they will neither
bear wheat nor vines ; but the fi>rmer ia
not much wanted, for the natives prefer
cafTiva to wheat bread. It produces
fiigir, coffee, cotton, ginger, indigo,
choco'ate, aloes, pimento, plantains, and
other tropical fruits ; but fugar if» the
principal commodity, of which aconli-
derable quantity is exported. The ifland
ispiipuious; and it has feveral fafc and
commodious harbours, well fortified.
It fuffcred great damage by a tremend-
ous hurricane in 1806- Fort royal is the
capital.

Mnrtiiijburg, a town of Virginia, ca-
pital of Berkeley county. It has two
churches, and Hands in a fertile country,
10 m WNW Shepherdftown, and ii Nt
Wiiichefter.

Martin/vi/le, a town of Virginia,
chief of Henry county. It is 25 m s by
w Rocky Mount, and 66 w Halifax.

Martinvilh, a town of N Carolina,
capital of Guildford county. Near
this place, in 1781, lord Cornwallis de-
feated general Green. It Is feated on '
Buffalo creek, a branch of Haw river,
4S m w by N Hiiiiborough, and 50 ns
Saliibury.

Martock, a town in Somcrfetlhire,
with a market on Saturday, 7 m s So-
merton, and 130 w by s London.

Martorano, a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Citra, 8 m from the fea, anc' 15 s
Cofenza.

Martorel, a town of Spain, in Cata-
lonia, at the conflux of the Noya and
Lohragal, 18 m nw Barcelona.

Marios, a town of Spain, in Anda-
lufia, with a fortrefs on a rock, 10 m vir
by s Jaen.
Maru ; fee MerU'

Marvao, a town of Portugal, in
Alentejo, 8 m ne Portalcgrc.

Marvejols, a town of France, in the
department of Lozere, feated on tixc
Colange, 10 m nw Mende.

Marvil/e, a town of France, in the
department of Meufe, Icated on the
Olhein, 3 m N Jametz.

Mart/, St. a fmall leaport of the ftate
f Georgia, in Camden county, near
ihe mouth of St. Mary river, 70 m s by
w Newport. Lon. 8 1 40 w, lat. 30 45 n.
Mary River, St- a river of the ftate
of Georgia, which rifes in the Okefo*
noke fwamp, and thence forms tbe
fouthern boundary of the United States
to the ocean, which it enters at the
town of St. Mary, between the points
of Amelia and Cumberland iflands. It
is navigable for ' eflels of confiderable
burden lor 90 m, and its banks afford

i 1^1

I'-W^l

• i '

11 '

MAR

Immrnfe quantiiits of fine timber fuited
to the W India market.

Mary Strait^ St. a ftinit in N- Ame-
rica, which lonnH the comnmnicRtion
between Lake Snperior and Lakf Hu-
ron. It is ahi)ut 60 m long, contnininy
a variety of iflands; and at the upper
end is a rapid, which, by ciircfid piluta,
can be defcendcd without d.mgi'r. At
the foot of the rapid, on the n Mh^ is a
factory belonging to a company at Mon-
tred, ronfifting of ftorehoules, a iaw-
mill, and a biiteau-yard.

Marjboroufili, a boro\igh of Ireland,
capital of Queen county, with the re-
mains of a cadle. It is not large, but
confiderahle for its woollen inanufac-
tureB, and Hated on the B iiri)W, 47 ni
wsw Dublin. Lon. 7 iz v, lit. ^^ o N.

Marylandt one of tiie Uniud States
of America, 134 m long and 1 10 broad ;
bounded on the n by Pennfylvania, e
by the ftate of Delaware, s tiy the At-
lantic and Virginia, and w by Virginia.
It ia divided into 19 counties, 11 of
whch are on the wpltt-rn, and 8 on the
eaflcrn fliore of the Clirftpeak : Ihofe
on the w fiJe are Hartford, Baltinore,
Ann Arundel, Frederic, Aiiepany,Walh-
ington, Montgomtry, Prin;c George,
Calvert, C'^arle?, and St. Mary; ihofe
on ihe E, (-Veil, Ktnt, Oj-K^n Ann, Ca-
roline, Talbot, Someriet, Do.chelter,
and \V( rceltcr. Wheat and tobacco
are the ftaple commodities of this (late,
which, in moft reCpefl.", icfemblefi Vir-
ginia. In 18:0 the number of inhabit-
ants was .):;o,5^6. .Annapolis is the ca-
pita], but B.iltimore is the mart of
trade.

Maryport^ a town in Cumberland,
with a market on Friday, and a good
harbour. In 1750 it was only a poor
firtiing town ; but it has now upward
of 3CO0 inhabitants, who employ many
Teflels, from 50 to 150 tons burden, in
the coal or coafting trade. Here are
two fliip-yards and a Totton manufac-
ture, and clofe by is the Roman ftation,
Virofiiium, where feveral altars and
ftatues have been dug up. Maryport
is fitnate at the mouth of the Ellen, in
the Irifli fea, 27 m s.v Carliflt, and 297
NNw London. Lon.3 22W,Iat.j4 35 n.

Marza Siroco, a gulf on the sk fide
of the iHe of Malta. The Turks landed
here in 1565, when they went tobefiege
Valetia. It is now defended by three
forts, two at the entrance of the gulf,
and one at the point of land that ad-
vance* into the middle of it.

Marzilh, a town of Spain, in the
province of Navarre, near the nverAra-
gon, 30 m s Pamplona.

INI A S

Mas d^lifenois, a town of France, in
the department of Lot und Garonne, on
the river Garonne, 24 m nw Agen,and
50 SK Bonrdeaux.

Afuj d .Ijil, a town of Franre, in the
drnartt'CMt of Arriege, witli a Benedic-
tine abhcy; ler.ted on the rivulet Rife, 8
m .■<•> Pan.ii.ri'.

Ma/n/uero, an ifland in the Pacific
ocean, 80 m w Juan Fernandez. It is
high and mountainous, but lowed to
the N, and at a diftance appears like
one hiil or rock. It is of a triangular
form, about 25 m in circumference,
and uninhabited, except by numerous
fcals and goats. There is alfo plenty of
wood, but difficult to be got off, as the
heavy furf allows of no good landing
place. Lon. 81 40 w, lat. 33 40 s.

Majhate, ont of the Philippine iflands,
almolt in the centre of them. It is 80 m
in circumference, and the natives are
tributary to the Spaniards. Lon. 122
25 B, lat. II 36 N.

Majhroujffi, a village in W Yorkftiire,
on the river Don, adjoining the bridge
of Rotherham. Here are confiderahle
iron-works, where all Ibrts of hammered
and cafl iron goods are made, from
the mofl trifling article to a large can-
non, of which great quantities are ck-*
ported.

Mafcnra, the •weftern province of
the kingdom of Algiers. 370 m long
and 130 broad. It is dry, barren, and
mountainous, except on the n fide,
where there are plains abounding in
corn, fruit, and pallure. The s parts
are inhabited by independent wandering
tribes, particularly the Angad tribe.

Mafcara, the capital of the province
of the fame name, in the kingdom of
Algiers, with a ftrong caftle in which
the bey refides. In 1732 it was an in-
confiderable place ; but is now the only
one in the kingdom, which, under the
domination of the Turks, perceptibly
increafes in profperity and extent. It is
not fo large as Tremefan, but furpafles
it in beauty, having a great number of
good houfes and newly ere(5led mofques.
It ftands ii the centre of a fertile a^.I
populous diftridt, 45 m esk Oran, and
190 sw Algiers. Lon. o 40 e, lat. 35 54 n.'
Ma/cat, a feaport o" Arabia Felix,
and the chief town in the province of
Oman, with an excellent harbour. It
has a caftle on a rock, and is very ftrong
both by nature and art, though the
buildings are mean. It was taken, in
1508, by the Portuguefe, who retained
h for a century and a half. The ca-
thedral, built by the Portuguefe, is now
the king's palace. There is no vege--

i;tt;an to 1
and only <
the back 1
l)itant8 h;i
air is fo
that no _
ftreets fro
covered
laid on
houfe top

MAS

tiit'an to bo fecn on the fcacoaft near it,
and only a ftw date-ti -fs in a valley at
the back of the town, i nigh the iiiha-
hitants have all thinjis i i plenty. The
air is (b hot from May ( ) Sfptemlicr,
that no p^'ople are to In- ftvn in the
ftreetsfrom ten till four. The ba/ars arc
covered with ll't leaves of date- trees,
laid on beams which reach from the
houfe tops on one fide to thofe of the
othor. The reliRion of the inhabitants
it Mohamedanifm; and yet, contrary to
the cuflom of the 'J'urks, they fuficr
any one t»» go into their mofques. The
prodm'ls of the country are hnrlls,
dates, brimftone, coffee, and ruinofn, a
root that dies red. Mafcat is (ealed at
the foot of a range of mountains on a
fmall bay of the Aribian fea. Luii. t^y
i6 K, lat- 2,3 30 N.

Mnjham, a town in N Yorkfliire,
with a market on Tuefday, I'eated on
(he river Ure, 9 m nw Rippon, and ? lO
NNW London.

MaJhanfTur^ a town of Candahar, in
the province of Ca!)ul, fituate on the
Seward, 48 m n Attock, and 130 ess
Cabiil. Lon. 7r 7 e, lat 33 54. n.

Mafktliine Ijle, a fmall beautiful illand
in the Pacific ocean, lying off the fb
point of Mallicollo, one of the New He-
brides. Lon. 167 59 E, lat. 16 .^z s.

Mafmunjier, a town of France, in
the department of Upper Rliinc, 25 m
ssw Colmar.

MafOi the mofl: northern feipoit of
Norway, at the heail of a bay, where
veflels may winter in perfect fufety. It
is 25 m sw olthe North Cape. Lon. 25
2 E, lat. 71 o N.

Mafovia, a province of Great Po
land, containing the two palatitiati's of
Czerlk, or Maiovia Proper, and Plocz-
ko. This province was fci/.cil hy Prui-
fia, in the general divifion ; but at the
peace of Tilfit it wa'i {jiven up to Six-
ony. Warfaw is the chief city.

MaJJa, a town of Italy, capital of a
fmall principality of the fame name, on
the gulf of Genoa, which is famous for
its quarries of fine marble. The town
and its territory belonged 10 Tulirany,
but was given in 1806 to Lucc.t. Jt is
feated on the Frigida, 3 m from the fea,
and 24 NNw Pifa. Lon. 10 lo e, lat.
44 2 N.

Majfa, a town of Tufoany, in the
Siennefe. Borax and lapis lazuli are
found in the neighbourhood. It is feat-
ed on a mountain near the i'ea, 35 m sw
Sienna- Lon. n 3 e, lat. 43 5 n.

Mq/pi, a town o Naples, in Terra di
Lavora, on the s fide of the bay of Na-
ples, 30 m wsw Salerno.

MA 5

UiilJ'iuhuf<:ts, oneef ilie United Stitei
of Am.'rica, 150 m long and fr«)m 60 to
9)bM>id; bounded Oil t'lc n by NfW
Hainpdiiro and N'erinont, w by New
Y.irk, iiy ConnfJlicut, Rliode lilanJ,
and the A'l.m i^ ocean, and i'. by Unt
ocitn and .Maliiehulets bay. It is di-
vided into 12 eountievi ; naiuly, Suf-
folk, Nt)rfolk,l'ir X, Middlefex. Ilamp-
ihire, VVorceller, Plymouth, Bainft able,
Duke, Nantucket, Brillol, and Berk-
(liire. There n-e five other countiis in
the diftrid ot .Vlaiuc, which diltrii'l be-
longs to Matraeluifct^. This ftite is
well watered by a number nt' f nail ri-
vers ; produces plenty of m.ti/e, wlieat,
flax, hemp, copper, and iron; and has
manulaUi.rc-s of iron, paper, leattn-r,
linen and wooHcn cl'ith. In iHio the
number of inhabitants wis 700,-45.
Boftcm is the c ipital. See Mniue.

Mnffhr/iufftj iJnj/, a l-.iy of N Ame-
rica, which Jpreadb eaftward of Bofton,
and is comprehended bi'lwecn < 'upe
Ann on the n, and Cape Cod on the s.
It i-? fo named, as well as the itate of
M.iflachufcts, from a tribe of Indiana
that formerly lived round this bay.

Mnffafra, a town of Naples, in Terra
d'Otranto, 16 m nw Taranto.

iMajfa^^ano, a town ofConiro, in An-
gola, capital of a province of its name.
It is Ceated on tht Coarizo, 140 m icsE
Loancki Lon. 14 30 e, lat. 9 40 s.

Ma[ia[uis a town of Mocarai \ia, near
whicii are rich mines of gold. The Por-
tuguefe are fettled here. It is fcited on a
river, 300 m Nw Sofala. Lon. 31 55 b,
lat. 185 .''•

Majj'erano, a town of Piedmont, late-
ly the capital of a fmall principality of
the fame name. It is 40 m nne Turin.
Lon. 8 14 E, lat. 45 38 n.

Maffeuke, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Gers, 14ms Auch.

Majfoy a town of Further Pomerania,
with a caftle, 10 m n New Stargard.

Mafuaht a town of Abyflinia, fituate
on an ifland on thecoafl of the Ked fea,
with an excellent harbour, difl:ribnte(l
into three divifions. The Louies, in
general, are built of poles and bent grifs-,
as in the towns of Arabia ; and a 'i^^w
are cjf (tone, fome of them two ftoiies
high. Lon. 39 36 e, lat. 15 35 n.

Mo/faux, A town of France, in tlie de-
partmentof UpperRhine, 10 m n Befort.

Mafnlipatami a city and feaport of
Hindooltan,iu the Circar ofCondapilly.
It is a place of confiderable tra.le for
chintzes and painted linens, and feated
near one of the mouths of the Killna,
73 m s\" Rajamundry. Lon. 81 15 b,
lat. 16 10 ^f.

1 ) - ■

^■m':\

i

l#t

!l i

) ;

^ '\ '■

|i|

ill ll

ii

MAT

3f<i/fl, .1 town of Spain, in VaK'ntia.
Nf.irit i«a Inkc of the i.im»'n,»me, noted
for tilt- iinmcnfc quantity of ihli that it
product's. The town Aaiidson the fea-
coaft, i8 m s^w Aiicint.

Mataca, or Manttuay a commodioin
b.iy on the n coa(l of ihc ifl.ind of Cuha,
33 m E Havana. Lon. 8i i6 w, lat.
aj 12 N.

Matala, a town and cape on the s
co.ift i)f the ifl.uid of Caiulia, .^o m s
C.intia. Lon. 14 58 R, lat. 34 46 n.

Mntamha, a kingdom of Congo,
hounded on the n hy Congo Proper, e
by puts unknown, s by Bembii and
Henguci 1, and w by Angola. The chief
town is St. Maria.

Matan, or MaJfan, one of the Phi-
lippine dl inds, on the k fiJe of Zebu.
It is fmall, but noted for being the place
wiu-re Magellan wan killed, in 1521, after
he h;id conquered Zebu.

A]atfinzas,a town of Cuba, fituate on
the N coaft, on a bay of the fame name,
which is ont' of the moft capacious and
fafe ports in the W Indies, defended by
a caftle. The town is fmall, and now of
poor commerce, thoiigh formerly cnn-
fiderable. At the back of it is a very
lofty mountain in the fhape of a lugar-
loaf, which is a feamark. It is 63 m e
Havana. Lon. 81 30 w, lat 13 3 n.

Matajyan, Cape, the moft fouthcrn
promontory of Morea, between the gulf
of Coron and that of Colochina. Lon.
Ji 40 E, lat. 36 25 N.

Mataram, h town of Java, C'pital of
a kingdi)m. It is ftrong by fituation,
and feated in a fertile and populous
country, furrounded by mountains.
Lon. Ill 55 E, lat. 7 15 .«.

Mataro, a town of Spain, in Cata-
lonia, with manufadures of cotton, lilk,
lace, and glali*, and the beft red wine
made in the province ; feated or. the
Mediterranean, 17 m ne Barcelona.

Matcoiuit-Zy a ftrong town of Upper
Hungary, in the county of Scepns, feat-
ed on a mountain, 185 m nk Prefburg.

Matelicn, a town of Italy, in the mar-
quifate of A neon a, 15 ms Jefi.

Materoy a town ot Naples, in Terra
d'Otraiito, the fee of an archbifliop. It
is llatcd on the Canapro, 45 m wnw
Taranto. Lon. i6 34 e, lat. 4050 N.

Materia ; fee lleliopolis.

Mathan, a town of the empire of
Bornou, with a royal palace, forming a
kind of citadel ; fituate on a fmall river,
100 m s\v Bornou.

Matlock, avilliigein Dcrliyfhire, fitu-
ate on the Derwent. 4 m n Wirkf-
•worth. It is an extenfive ftraggliiig
place, built in n romantic ft/le, on ihe

M AU

fterp fide of a mountain ; and near
the bridge are two chalybeate fpring?.
A little to the s is Matlockhath, famous
for its warm baths, which are much fre-
quented from Ap. il to Ofl(»ber. There
are good accommodations for the com-
pany who refort to the baths. Near
the wcltern bank of the river is a petri-
fying fpring ; and the poorer inhabitants
are fupported by the fale of petrifac-
tion!), fpars, Sic,

Matjc/icvizt a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Mafovia, nietnorahle for a
great vidtory obtained by the Rnfiians
over the Poles in 1794. It is 32 m e
VVarfaw.

Matfumay, a fcaport of the iflitid of
J» fTo, capital of a province of the fame
name, tributary to Japan. It ftands on
the w coafl of the narrow part of the
ifland, and is the principal fc'tlemcnt of
the Japanefe in this ufurpcd territory.
Lon. 139 55 E, lat. 4a o N.

Mattlieo, St. a town of Spain, in Va-
lencia, 10 m from the Mediterranean,
and 58 N'NE Valencia.

Mattlieiv, St. an ifland in the At-
lantic, 420 m s by w ofCape Palmas, on
the coaft of Guinea. It was planted
by thePortuguefe, but is now defertcd.
Lon. 8 10 w, lat. 1 24 s.

Mattheiv, St- a fmall ifland in the In-
dian ocean. Lon. 113 si E,l«t. 523 s.

Mattfee, H town of Bavaria, in the
duchy of Salzburg, 12 m n Salzburg.

Matura^ a feapott of Ceylon, with a
fmall fort. The country round is ex-
ceeding wild, and abounds in elephants,
which are here principally caught for
exportation. It is fituate on a river,
nearly at the ibuthmolt point of the
ifland, 25 m ese Gallc. Lon. 80 a8 e,

lat .S 53 N-

Matura, a town of Hindooftan, in the
pi'oviiice of Agra, 22 m ne Ap/a, and
70 y.sF, Delhi.

Maubai, a town of the country of
Candahar, 70 ci nnk Candahar.

AJatibeugHt a fortified town of FrancC}
in the department of Noid. In 1793,
the Auftrians formed the blockade of
this place, but were driven from their
pofition. It is feated on the Sambre,
15 m s Mons, and 22 ese Valenciennes.

Mauldahy a town of Hindooftan, in
Bengal, fituate on a rivtr that commu-
nicates with the Ganges. It arofe out of
the ruins of Gour, which ate in the
neighbourhood, and is a place of trade,
particularly in filk, 170 m n Calcutta.
Lon. 88 i6 e, lat- 25 3 n'-

Maule, a province of Chili, extend-
ing from tlie Andes to the ocean, \io in
in breadth. It abQutids in ^^rain, wine.

'f'^'S^'^^^^^txmmt^

t!<^mm^-'?v!:^''r^"-

MAY

rntit, and gold; and hrre is made tlir
bed chi cTc ill all Cliili. Tlio principal ri-
ver isttie Manic, and the capital ibTaka

Mauleou, a town of France, in the
d''partmcnt of V'crulce, with an ancient
caltle on a rock ; featcd near tht* river
Oint, 5', rn Nt Rochclli-, and 51 nw
Poitiers.

MauUon, a town of France, in the
dL'partmcnt of Lower Pyrenees, 20 m
wsw Pau.

Afau/eoft, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Pyrenees, 28 m
si: TarbcB.

Maura, St. an ifland in the Mediti^r-
rantan, about 50 tn in circuit, wliich
forms part of the republic of Seven
iriands. In 1810 it was taken by the
Ikitiih. it lies near the coaft of Alha-
nia, 115 m n of theidand of Ct-phalonia.
Lou. 20 46 E, lat. 38 40 N.

Maure, St. a town of France, in the
department of Indre and Loire, 17 ms
Tours, and 148 svv Paris.

Mauriac, a town of France, in the
department of Cantal, famous for ex-
cellent horfca; feated near the Dor-
dogne, 29 m E Tulle, and 38 wnw St.
Flour.

Maurice^ St. a town of SwiflTcrland,
in Vallais. It guards the entrance
into Lower Vallais, from Bern; and
is fituatc on the Rhone, between two
high mountains, 16 m nw Martigny.

Mauritius ; fee France, Ijle of.

Macirua, one of the Society iflands,
in the Pacific ocean, 14 m w Bolabola.
Lon. 152 32 w, lat. 16 25 s,

Mautern, a town of Auilria, on the
s fide of the Danube, oppofite Stein,
with which it is connetUd by a long
wooden bridge. It is 11 m n by w St.
Pol (on.

Ma<ws, St. a borough in Cornwall,
which has no church, chapel, nor mar-
ket. Henry viii built a caftle here,
oppofite Pcndcniiis callle, for the better
fecurity of Falmouth. It is fe.ited on the
E fide of Falmouth haven, 12 m .s.sw
Grampound, and 262 w by s London.

Maxem, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Mifnia, celebrated for a vidory obtain-
ed by the Auftrians over tlio Pruffians,
in 1759. when 20,000 Prufllans furien-
dered Ihemfelves prifoners of war. It
is 10 m s Drefilcn.

Miiximin, St. a town of France, in
the department of Vnv, feated on the
Argens, 21 m n Toul jii.

May, a fmall iflund of Scotland, at
the mouth of the frith ofFortn, with a
lighthouft, 6 m SE Anlhuther, which
is the neareft part of the coaft.

May, Ca^ct « cape of New Jerfey,

MAY

on the w fide of the entranc. of Dela-
ware bay. Lon. 74 54 w, lat. 38 37 w.

Motfamba, or Majumba, a town of
the kmgdom of Loungu, capital cf a
diltiitft of the lame nam*-. Tlic chief
trade is in Idgwoml. It ftands at the
mouth of the Banna, 110 in nw Lo-
ani'o. Lon. 9 50 e, lat. 3 20 s

Mai/bolc, a town of Scotland, in Ayr-
(hire, vvilh a mantifa(5lure of blankets,
leatcd on an eminence, almoft furround-
ed by hillb, 8ms Ayr.

Ma!/ifn, a town of France, in the de-
pailimnt of Rliine and Mofelle, lately
of Cerm.iiiy, in the ele«^orate of Treves,
v<ith R caAle and a collegiate church ;
feared on the Nette, 20 m w by ^ Co-
Llenf/.

Muyence \ li?e Meni-z.
Mayenne, a department of France,
including part of tht; late province of
Maine. It takes its name from a river,
which Hows s, by the cities of Maycnne
and Laval, to that of Angers, where ir
receives the Sarte, and loon after joins
the Loire. Laval is the capital.

Maytnne, a city of Fiapce, in the
department of the fame i;aine, with a
caftle on .1 rock. It is feated on the
liver M.iyenne, 45 m wnw Mans. Lon.
o 4.^ \v, lat. 48 18 N.

Mtiy<:nne and Loire, a department of
France, which iiiuludes the late pro-
vince of Aiijou. It has its name from
two rivers. Angers is the capital.

Maynooth, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Kildare. Hjre is a royal
college for ftudents intended for the
Romifh church; and a college for lay
ftudents of the fame perlual'.on. It is
12 m w Dublin.

Mayo, a county of Ireland, in the
provirue of Connaught, 62 m long and
52 broad ; bounded on the e by Rof-
tommon, s by Galway, w and n by the
Atlaniic, and ne by Sligo. It is di-
vided into 68 paridK'S, contains about
140,000 inhabitants, and fends two
members to parliament. The w coafl:
is mountainous, and thinly inhabited ;
but the interior produces excellent paf-
turape, and is watered by feveral lakes
and rivers. The principal town is Caf-
tlebiir.

Mayo, a village of Ireland, once the
capital of the county of its name, and
famous for its univerfity> but now a
poor place, 10 m sE Caftlebar.

Mayo, one of the Cape Verd ifiands,
17 m in circumference. The Nii end is
low, and the land rifes gradually till it
arrives at a volcanic mountain, to the
sw of which is irregular ground, foon
followed by a high dilorderlypeak mucii
a G

®i'l ■,

• f l.'l

m

Hi: :;

iJ: .11

ms

M EA

more lofty ♦han the volcanic cone. The
foil in Kt^neral is barren, and water
fcarce ; but there are ph nty of beeres,
goati, and aflei; as ulfo fome corn,
yama. potatoes, plnntaine, figs, and
watemnelonR. The chief commodity is
fait, with which many Englifh (hips are
fr iffhted in the iummer time. Pinofa
i.< the principal town. Lon. aj 5 w,
lat. 15 10 N.

Mayorgftt a town of Portugal, in
Edreraadura. near thi> Atlantic, 20 m
w by M Lcira, and 7H n Lilbon.

Mayorxa, a town of Spain, in Leon.
on the Cea, 33 m rse Lcun.

May/vtlle; fee Limejhne.

Mnyivar'y fee Oudipour.

Mayxaffran^ a river of the kincdom
of Algiers, which runs into the Sicdi-
icrranean, 30 m w Algiers. At its en-
trance into the fea it is a conflderabic
river, little inferior to the Shellif.

Ma9aj;an, a ftrong town of the king-
dom of Morocco, feated at the s extre-
mity of a bay of its name, i ao m n w
Morocco. Lon. 8 ij w, lat- 3 a la n.

Mazal^uivert a leaport or Algiers,
lately fubjedt to Spain. See Oran.

MazanJeran, a province of Perfia, the
ancient Mauritania ; bounded on the n
by the Cafpian fea, e by ('horafan[, s by
Irak, and w by Ghilan. The motintainti
on the 8 boundary are cvivertd wiili
timber trees; and the vallies produce
filk, fruit, much fugar, and abundance
of the finefl rice. Sari is the capital.

Mazara, a feaport of Sicily, in Val di
Mazara, and a bifhop's fee. It is built
on the ruins of the ancient Sefinun-
tum, and remarkable for its ntuiierous
churches and convents, and for excel-
lent wine. Here is a confiderable ex-
port of wine, brandy, oil, foda, &c. It
is 58 m sw Palermo. Lon. 1 a 38 e, lat.
37 46 N.

Masutr'moy a town of Sicily, in Val
di Noto, 46 m wsw Catariia.

Mftzatlan, a feaport of New Spain,
in Culiacan, on a river of its name, at
the entrance of the gulf of California,
lao m s Culiacan. Lon. 106 58 w, lat.
53 15 N.

Maziera, or Maceira, an ifland m the
Arabian fea, on the coaft of Oman, 50
m long, and from four to eight broad.
Lon. 59 30 E, lat. ao 30 n.

Meadia, a town of Hungary, in the
baimat of Tcmefwar. It was taken by
the Turks in 1738 and 1789, and is 13
m N Orfova.

Mtao, a fmall ifland, one of the Mo-
luccas, in the Indian ocean, with a good
harbour. Lon. 127 5 e, lat. i la n.

Minrns ; fee Kimardinejhire.

M EC

Meatli, or EaJI Mtat/i, a county of
Irehind, In the province of Leinftn , u,(,
vn long and 35 broad ; bounded on the
N by Csv.in and Lotith. k by t!n: Irifln
ffa and county of Dublin, s by tb.it
county and Kildarc, and w by W
Meath. It is divided into 147 parilhcs.
contains about i i2|.}oo inhabitants, and
lenda two members to parliament. It
formerly contained (everal fmailbiihop.
rics, which were gradually unite<l into
one lie, and received the namcof .Mt.ith
in the i;tli century. There is no ca-
thedral, and the epifcopal palace in at
Ardbracian, a village near Navan. Thi?
foil of .Meath is various, but generally
rich, producing abundance of corn, and
feeding numerous Ihcep and cattle. Trim
is the capital.

Mtath, ff^fj}, a county of Ireland, in
the province of Leinfter, 33 m long and
24 broad ; bounded on the n by Cavan,
NK and E by E Meath, s by King
county, w by Rolcommon, from which
it is feparated by the Shannon, and n\v
by Longford. It is divided into 6a
parilhes, contains about 70,0'^© inha-
bitants, and fends three members to
parliament. It is very fertile in paftu-
ragc and corn, ."tnd has feveral fmall
lakes and rivers. Mullingar is the
county«town.

Me/tux, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Seine and Marne, and a
bifliop's lee. The market-place is u
peninfula, contiguous to th« town,
which was formerly well fortified, and,
in 142 1, flood a fiege of three months
ngainit the Englifh. It is feated on the
.Marne, 25 m ne Paris- Lon- a 53 e,
lat. 48 58 N.

Mecca, a city of Arahia Dcferta, fa-
mous for being the birthplace of Mo-
hamed. It is feated in a barren valley,
furrounded by many little hills, confift-
ing of a blackilh rock. The buildings
are very mean, and its fupport is the
great refort of pilgrims at a certain fea-
fon of the year; for, at other times, the
fliops are fcarcely open. The temple
of Mecca has 42 doors, and its form re-
fembies the Hoyal Exchange in London,
but it is near ten times as large. The
area in the middle is covered with gra-
vel, except in two or three places that
lead to the Beat- Allah through certain
doors ; and thefe are paved with fljort
flones. The Beat- Allah, in the middle
of the temple, is a fquare ftru<5lure, each
fide about ao paces long, and 14 feet
high; cuvered all over with a thick fort
of filk, embroidered with gold, and thu
door covered with filver plates. This
Beat is the principal objet^ ot die pit-

,1 * " wrfs^s^^H^i^

MEC

fniimii devotion; and nhoiit 12 (i.icrs
troiii it is iht* IVpulchrc o^ Abraham, as
they pretend ; and thry affirm that lie
ended ilie Ueat-Allah. Onthtrtop of
one of the ni'iKhboiirin^ hills im a cavr,
wliire thry prctciul Mohamed ul'iially
retired to perform hi» dcvotioni ; ;ind
hitluT, they aflirm, tht jjrcaMft p;irt of
the Koran w:is brought him b tht* ,»n-
pel Gabriel. Two m from ilu' town
is the hill whcir they fay Abiah.ini wiiit
tooffir up Ins fon Uiiac. Mt-cca i> uo
veined by a Ihi-ref, who i* a tt-mporal
prince, and his nvenut is incrt-al'-ci by
the doowi'iisof Moh.iiiitvtai) fovcrcigna.
In iHr^u a warlike tanatical led called
VVahaliiiec, from their toiitxicr Abdul
Wahub, I'Dterrd thia city, i.om:nitteel
great dcvaft;Ui..i). and dcdroyed tlje
tombs on the pretence that they en-
couraged idolatry. Mcca 's^nni kne
Jidda, its feaport, and 200 :• by F. Me-
dina. I.on. 4055 K, lat. : I 4 J N.

Mechadebt a town ot Aiabia, in Ye-
men, 72 ms Sana. Lon. 44 15 E, lat.
147 s.

Merhlhti or Malines, a city of the
Nethc'lands, in Brabant, and an areh-
bidiop's fee. It conlilts of ll'veral iirall
iflands made by artificial canals, over
which are a great many bridges. The
catiiedral is a fupcrb llrudute, with a
very high fteeple. Here is a great foiin-
dery for ordnance of all kinds; and the
belt Brabant lace, fine linen, damaiks,
carpets, and leather are made here.
Mechlin fubmittedto the duke of Marl-
borough in 1706, and was taken by the
French in 1 746, but reftored in 1748- In
1792, it furrendered to the Frrnch, who
evacuated it the next year, and re-enter-
ed it in 1794. It is feated on the Dyle,
10 m NNF. Bruffels.and 15 sse Antwerp.
Lon. 4 29 E, lat, 51 t N.

MechoacaHf a province of New Spain,
in the audience of Mexico; bounded on
the N by New Bifcay, s by Panuco and
Mexico, s by the Pacifia ocean, and w
by Guadalaxara. It is very rid), abound-
ing in all the necefTaries of life, mines
of filver and copper, ple-ity of cocoa,
much Hlk, Mechoacan root, and feveral
odoriferous gums and balfams.

Mechoacan, or Valladolid, a city of
New Spatn> capital of the province of
Mechoacan, and a bifliop's fee. The
inhabitants areeiUmated at i8,ooo> and
' it is fupplied with potable water by a
modern aqueduct. It is feated near
the fource of a river, 130 m w by n
Mexico. Lon. 100 52 w, lat. 19 3 s n.
, Meckenheim, a town of France, in the
department oi Rhine and Mofelle, late-
ly of Germany, in tb« decorate of Co-

MED

lognc: fituate on the V^S^^ 8 n i*r

Bonn.

MrckhnbMrff, a duchy of G#rnwiny»
in the circle of Lower S<itoiiy ( bound*
ed on the n by the Maiiu-, B by Pome-
r^tii.i, s by Hrandfuburif, and w by
Holllciii niu! LiMicburg It extends i.mS
m in len^uh, and i^o where brouddt^
aiid abounds in corn, pUlun-, iitid
iramt-. The country was, for many
centuries, under ihf governmtiit of'.one
pnnci- : but on the tie.ith of the lb-
Vcieigri in 1592, it was divided between
hih two fon»; t!ic cUleft retainuig tlie
duchy of .Meeklciiburg'Schwerin. which
is co^.Tultrably ihc largrit (hare, and ifie
younger ohtamcd the duchy of Meck-
IciibuigStrelitz- Scbwfrin is the ca-
pital ot the former, and New Strciitz of
the latter.

MetkUniurff. a town of Virgmia,
chi( t of a county of the fame name It
(tands near the head of Roanoke river,
70 m sw Pcterfburg. Lon. 78 50 w,
lat. ?6 42 N.

Meckley ; lire Cajjay-
Meron, a river, which rifc8 in the nr
part of Tiljet, and flows ssk through
the province of Yun;'n in China, and
tlie kingdoms of Lao andCambodia, into
the China lea. At the city of Cambo-
dia it divides into two brancliea, which
run nearly parallel to each other for
above aoo m to the fea ; the eaftern
of which is called Cambodia, and the
weftern, Odbeqncme.

Mecr'mos, a town of Portugal, in
Tra los Montes, 15 m nnk Torre dc
Moncove, and 24 sk Mirandela.

Medea, a town of Algiers, in the
province of Titeri, feated in a country
abounding in corn, fruit, and Ilicep, j j
m sw Algiers.

MedeOi or Mahdiot a trtwn of Tunis,
formerly a place of importance, feated
on a peninfula in the gulf of Cabes, 100
m s by B Tunis.

Medebacht a town of the duchy of
Weftphalia, 9 m sw Corbach-

MedeUin, a town of Spain^ in Eftre-
madura, the birthplace of the cele-
brated Fernando Cortes ; feated on the
Guadiana, 24 m ESb \ierida.

Medalpadia. a province of Sweden, in
Nordland, on the gulf of Bothnia. It is
70 m long and 45 broad, very moun-
tainous and woody, but intcrfpedird
with lakes, rivers, and fertile valleys.
Sundfwald is the capital.

Medetiblick, a feaport of N Holland,
with ail old caflle and good harbour.
The chief commerce is in timber
brought from Norway and Sweden;
a^id the vicinity is remarkable for ri<h

• i ■; Ji
I I it ^H'*!

'"■ ..t ^«
■ < ' '' li

S ^^' '^'

■: <t

^ '

i

:ll,i

M r. i>

p^ftrrt'. Mcdi'iildicU vv.n t.ikfn Ity thr
t.iik;l'fli in I';*)), li i:« it-.Ui.ki at llu tti-
tratiicf into the Z*iyil< r /.t'rt iHm nk
Amfttril:un. l.on ,\ 51 k. lit. 51 ,0 N

Me.lfi,rili .1 t()\' It ol .M id'u hiite'K, in
MiiUtii'lt X coiliiiy. IM)I((I lor ilillill' rirrt
Villi lirick works; liatctl on tfw MyOiC,
J ni tViun it< month, an I 4 n Hofloii.

Mdinfi\ {{.e MttJitin.

Mr,lin(i, t town ol Ar.ilMA D Uili,
Cilihr.itnt for heing ihc hiiriil p' icr ol
Mf'liami'd. li i^ i I'm. ill, pooi plaiVi
but willed r iiiiiii, aiul has * Ur^f
nuilqiK'. In oii»- corner of the ni-fifn''
ia a plaoi* 14 putH Iqii.iri', wiih guit
wiiitUmii, ;»iitl In.tf'i gati's ; iinil in the
multtlc V* as tlu' lomh «)f Mohiimt'd, f ii-
clnlt'il kviili rich 1:111 t.iin6| .ind lichteJ
by ii i'r<af. nuiiihi'i- ot' lamp.*-, i'nl 1I113
tomli vv ;i'. il«'ilr.)\(.| hy tin U'aliaiiites.
ill .rto), ro"n afur ihca* devall.itioiiH at
Micca iMciliiia is called the Ciiy of tlip
Prophit, iKcaulc h«'rc he w.is pro'icU'd
by the inhabitants wlun he ikd troiu
Mt'cc.i ; and here he was firll itivtiled
with regal power. Tlit^- time of his
d<'«th was in 6.^9; but the Moh;imedan
epoch begins in 612. from thr time of
bi« flight. Medina is feated on a faiidy
plain, abounding in p.ilm-trc>s, 200 m
N by w Mecca. Lon. T,i) 3j k, laC 24

30 N.

Medina, a town of Spain, in Eflic-
m.idtira, at the foot of a mountain, 25
m WNw Lerena, and 46 ist Bail.ijoz.

Miditta del Vampoy a tt^wn of Spain,
in Lfon, feated in a country abounding
with corn and wine, 23 m S'jw Valla-
dolid, and 48 K Salamanca.

Medina C'e/i, a town of Spain, in Old
Callilc, felted near the Xalon, 40 m ne
Sigtiertza, and 88 s\v Sarag(.n'i.

Medina de RioJ'eco, a town of Spain,
in Leon, feated near the Sequillo, 21 m
Kw Valhdolid, and 56 ssu L«'on.

Medina Sidania, a town of Spain, in
Andalulia. with a callle, 24 m si; Cadiz,
and 60 s Seville.

Mtdingen, a town of Lower Sixnny,
in the duclijr ol Liineburp, Hated on tiie
Ilmcnaii, 14 m ShK Luncbnrj,'.

AlediterraniOH, a fi-a that extends be-
tween Africa and liurope into Alia,
communicating with tlu' Atlantic ocean
by the Itrait of Gibraltar, and with the
Black fca by the flrait of Gilipoli, the
fea of Marmora, and ilic flrait of Con-
ftaritinopie. It is of very >!rcat L'xtent,
but has no tide, and a conit tut current
fets in from the Atlantic, through the
ftrait of Gibraltar. It contains many
iflands, feveral of them large, as Ma-
jorca, Coifica, S.Ardinia, Sicily, Cantiia,
and Cyprus. The eaftcrn pari of it,

!V! t: I

hdrdi'i inpr on Afii, xn fotn* tlmri cillr-d
th>' LfiiiHt Sea

Mtdiiiki, a town of Poland, in thr
province of Saniogitia, and .1 bifliopS
fto , leatcd on the VVarwii/,, 40 m 1.
.Mfmtl

Medwat/, a rivtr of Ln^'l.^lld, which
rifct i'l Alhdown forell. in Snllex ; rn-
ttiiiiK Kent, It flows hy Tunbriilge to
Miulltonr, anil is navigable thence to
Hoclulirer; below which, at Chatham,
it is A Itition for the r(»val navy. Di-
vidinj< into two br,inchc^. the welhrn
t)iie entcrn the Thamex, bL't«Ncen tlu*
ifles of (m. in and Sh'epey, ar,', is de-
fended by the fort at Shecrnci'*. The
eadcrn br.n cli, called the Had Swale,
piflis by Queenborough and Milton,
.iiid enttra the G'.-rman ocean, below
Ftvcidtam.

M,-d<wi, a town of Sweden, in ]•]
Gothland, much frequented on .iccount
ol itb water:", which aie vitriolic and
lulphureons. The lodjjin^; houfen form
one ftrect of uiiiform wooden building!
painted red. It ftands near the lake
WcttiT, 3 m ftom \\ .idllena.

Medziboz, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Volhinia, on die river Bog,
10 m s Conftantinow.

Meelah, a town of Algler.% in the pro-
vince of Conrtantina, furrounded by
gardens producing abundance of herbs
and excellent fruit, particularly pome-
granates. It is 14 m Nw Conllantina.

Megara, a town of lairopeati Tur-
key, in Livadia, formerly very large, but
now reduced. It has fomc line rcmaini
of antiquity, and is 24 m w Athens.

Mec^en, a town of Dutch Urabant,
feated on the Meufc, 15 m wsw Nime-
gucn.

Megna ; fee Burramf<ootcr.

Mf/iun, a town of I'rance, in the de-
partini;nt of (her. Here are the ruiiH
of a cadic built by Charksvii, a« a
place of retirement ; and here he (tarved
himleif, in the dread of being poifoned
by his fin, afterward Louis xi. It ia
feated on the Yevre, 10 m NwBouiges.

Mthun/ur Loire, a town of France,
in the department of Loiret, feated on
the Loire, 10 m sw Orleans.

Meinau, an ifland in tite midille lake
of Conftance, a mile in length, which
produces excellent wine. It is 5 m n w
Conltance.

Meinf -"ren, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Thi. "a, capital of the county of
Henneberg, with a fine daftle. it ii}
fituate ainid mount-iin*, on the river
M''ern, 16 m Nw liildburghaufen, and
23 s Gutha. Lun. 10 43 £, lat. 50
r^8 N.

'1' tlmm c.iir.-ti

^«»'in<l, In tiic

wit/., 40 m li

flKl'iicI, which
ill Siiflcx; rn.
TuiibriilfTc f„
ibli" tlifricf to
at Ch.itlMni,
tl ii.ivy. Di.
. Ihr wcdfin
lu't<\c<'n tli«
U nr,.\ in (Ic,
•erncr*. The
Haft Sw:ile,
and Milton,
octii), below

Widen, in t]
d on .iccount
vitriolic and
A houft'i* form
• ten huildingi
nc.ir the lake

n;i.

oland, in the

ilitj river Bog,

!■•% in the pro-
rrnundcd hj
nice of herl)3
ularly pome-
-otillaniina.
iropcin Tur-
ery large, but
' fine rcmaini
^ Athens.
Uh Ur.ibint,
wsw Nirne-

f*. in the de-
uc the ruins
L'> VII, as ii
re he ft;irvi'd
"g poifonrd
8 XI. It ia
w Boiirge.s.
of France,
1 fv.*atcd on

nidille lake

?th, which

is 5 m Nvv

>er Saxony,
county of

le- Jt in
tlie river

'ull-n, and

E, lat. 50

Mtifftn, or Mi/hia, .1 imrpr.nv.»te of
Girminy, in thftircN oIlIppirMiixitfiy,
1-0 ni long and Ho broad ; boiindtui on
Ihe N by the ddohy of Saxony, t by r,ii-
(atia, a by Boh«-mi.i, mid v* Ity i'rui-
coniu and Tluiringia. It ii< a fine coun-
try, produciiijjf corn, wint-, mitiN, and
all thr convtnicncis of lift'

MelJJen, u tiwn of IJppi-r .Saxony,
c.ipital of a mnpravate of the lame
name, with a c;:ll!i-, in which iit a fa-
niouH maniilic'lun- of porci-lain. The
cathedral ha. a lofty (tecplf, Jtid it is
thi! burial-place of tlit Sax^n prinecu to
the y»ur is,^9 The bridge over the
llllie, burn( tl down by the I'mfTnni in
'".')7t lia!* bc'-n rf|)laced by anotln r of a
\w •/ li.tiKUonu- eondrii.'Hon. Mt-id'i'n is
f(MUil on till' rivulet Mtille, at iih jmu:
tion with the Kibe, i% m nnw Drcf-
den. Lou. i ) u e, lat. u 11 n.

Mfij/?n/iei>n, ;i town of Friince, in the
dcriartnvnt of S.nrr, litelyof ^inm.iny,
in the ilm-iiyof Uenx Pont- ; (itu.iti't)ii
tin- Olm, n m u by r. D.ux Por.tn,
and 41 K Trivi<i.

Mifiran, a province of Pt rlia, bouml-
ed on the N by Se^'il^an, k by liinltoo-
ft.in, s by the Iniii.in ocean, and w by
Kirnian. It is about _^oo m in lenj;th,
aiid 550 in breadth. Tin- f )iitliern part,
between the ((-a and the hilh, produces
al)un<lance of palhiranc; tin- middle
part is mountainous, <livcrlified with
vallits and plains, Ibmi^arid and others
produriu,; rice, dates, wheat, barley,
and cotton.; the noitli'rn patL is Icfs
fcrt'le. Ked^i' is the e:ip ta'.

M.-'lii'J'dt a town of Alialic 'I'tirkoy,
in N-itoli.i, lituate on a fertile pbin,
lU'^ir a n.ouiuaiu abounding in white
marble. It was aneier.tly a city, adorn-
ed witli in r.;y pul)lic buildings, elpe-
cially teni|)l.'> ; and is (till a large place,
but the houfcs are mean. It is 96 m
ssE Saiyrnu. Lon. 27 50 e, lat. 37

Afe/azzo'f fee Mi'izzo.

Melbourne a village in D< ibyiuire,
8 m s by e Derby. Here aw the \tf-
tiges of an ancient caltle ; and it has a
m inufa(flure of worfttd Itockings

Melck, a town of Auftria, with a
Benedi(?tiiic abbey on a high rock, near
the Danube, 10 m w St. Polten.

Melcomb Begij, a town in Dorfet-
ihire, united to Weymoutli as a port, as
a corporation, and as a market-town,
but is a difliiiiJl borough. It is feated
on the N fide of an arm of the fca, and
joined to Weymouth by a timber
bridge, which has a drawbridge in the
middle, to admit the palTage of fliips
into the weftein part of the harbour.

M'Icnmb li.n good Ifreeti and yirdi
for uicrcli.uiiliA', and 11 127 ni \^'(w
London. See H'tt/mnuth

j^telil. la, a town of Italy, ir Rorr.ipna,
>l m "w Kavenna.

Mi Unit A town of the Netherlandif,
in Hra().int, 10 ni .sc I.ouvain

Mj.lorf, (1 town of Lower S;iXnry,
in Hollii 01, near tli' mouth ot the Myla,
3J m NNw OlucI ll n(t.

Mil.lruw, a town of Srotl.ituI, in
Aberd. I ' Ihirr, with a maniifai*thre nf
lioliii y and a fimoiis brewery, 17 m
NN« .M), rdr (II,

Ml'i ^ town of Niple;, in ndiKcat t,
with u eallic on a roek, io ui st,\\ Aee-
ren/a.

Mrl^ii-n, a toun of Pnvtnj, '1, in
Kntre J">ouio «• Miidio, with .t inong
ciflle; leated oil the Minho, 17 nt N
by t Biaga.

Mi'/ii.'ii, an ifland of Dilmitia, in th(?
gulf ot Vt'hice, and in the republic of
U.i^'iifi. It id .<o in in lei'ulh, aiul
abounds in oraniieK, citrons, wiiir', and
filb. It h 18 a lK-ni'di(fli:ie abbi y, fix
viil iges .Old fevt-ral hiubour:..

Mililln, a town of the kirg<lom of
Fez, on ilic coail oftlie Muliteiranean.
It wan t.ikeii in 1496, by th'- Sji.miards,
who built a citadel, and have .' g rnfon
here. The vicinity aboutuls wnli wax
and excellent honey. It is ii^tuNE
Fez. Lon. 2 i;; w, I^t. ^4 ?X n.

Melindiiy a kingdom of Afiica, on the
roafl of /languebar. It produces gold,
flavcs, tli'pliantu teeth, (iftiiches ff.a-
tlier,-^. wax, idoes, feiiua, and other
drugs ; alio plenty of rice, fug.ir, cocoa-
nuts, am! other tropical fruits.

Mflinda, th«: capital of a kingdorn of
thr f.ime nanu.'. on the coalt ot Z.m-
giieb.u-. Here the P^trtnguif"' liave 17
clHMcht\\ nine convents, iiiul ware-
ho'.ifes well provided with European
g')od8. It IS t'urround»'d by fine g in'.j nn,
and has a good harlioiir ilel'viided by a
fort ; but the tiitiance is d;in)ierous, on
account ol the great number of flioids,
and rocks under water. The inhabit-
ants are Chviftians and Negro;;, which
lall^ have their own king and religion ;
,Tiid thennmberof b'jth is faid to am<'Unt
to above 200,000. Iti.s 470 in sw Ma-
gadoxa. Lou- 41 48 K, I. it. 2 15 s.

Mtlipilla, the capital of a province of
the fame name, in Chili, abounding in
wine and grain. In the vicinity are fevc-
ral Country hoiifes belonging to fome of
the principal inhabitants of St. Jago.
It is beautifully fituaic, not far from the
Maypo, 50 m sw St. Jago. Lon- 70 5»
w, lat. 33 40 s.

■(

Wi

f]

\

1 1

■\ : • ?!

- •■ f,V

WH

Wh,

■M;.'|

M E M

MtliulUt ■ tawn of Sicily, in VaI di
Nutn, B m w L^untini

Mtiitopel, a town of Rudlj. in the
province of Tanrit^ fituat*- on a Ink*',
It m from the fci of Afoph, ;»tui loB h
Catharincnflaf. Lun. Sj lo », l-tt 46
%% n.

M*h/h*m, a town in Wiltfhire. with
% market every other ThiirUl.iT for
cattle, And a manufainurr of hroad
clotha, 1 1 m K Bath, and ^6 w London.

Mttlt, a town of Weilphalia, in the
principality of Ofnaburg, 15 m s by •

oriMhiiig.

Mt/U, A town of France, in the de-
partment of Two Sevres, n m »w
Ni«rt.

Me/Ur ( fee Matler.

MelJinx^n, a town ot° SwifTcrland, in
the bailivMC of Baden, featcU on the
lUufi, 5 III s by w 0;«(1en

M*liiuK 3 town ot Dohemi.n. in the
circle of Runizl.ui, with a callle TH«
vicinity yield» excellent ltd iiul white
winci and near it (landi thr Angiiihne
coDvcnt of Schopka. Ills Tfatcdon ihe
Elbe, oppofitP the influx of the Muldau,
18 ni N Prague.

Mf/ouif a town of Egypt, feattd on
thK Nile, with a remarkable mofijue, j
jn 8 Afhmunein.

Melrichjtadtt a town of Franconlr?,
in thf principality of Wurtzburg, foated
on theStrat, aam n by e Schwcinfurt.

Melros, a town nf Scotlmd, in Rox-
burgfhire. with mantifat^lures vi linen
and -.voollen cloth. Near it, on the s
fide of the Tweed, are the magrnficent
remai. j of Melros abSey, founded by
David I; part of which is Itill iifed for
divine fervice. Alexander 11 iu fhid to
be buried under the |i;r»'at altar. Mel-
ros is II m NW Jcdburg, and 31 ss
Edinburg.

Me//un;{tfit » town of Gertnaiiy, in
Lower Heife, feated on the Fulda, ix
m s Caflel

Melton Moivbrayt a town in Lci-
cefterfhire, with a "market on Tucfdsv.
The fine clicelir, called Stilton, is clii< fly
made in its neiKhbuurhood it ih ieat«?d
on the river Eye, 15 in Nt Lt-icefttr,
and 105 N by w Lomlon.

Mtiun, a city of France, capital of
the department of Seine .md Mai ne. It
has a trade with Pariti in corn, meal,
wine, and cheeie; and is Teated on the
Seine, 25 m se Paris. Lon. a 35 f.,
lat. 48 30 N.

Membrio, a town of Spain, in Eftre-
madura, ai m wsw Alcantara.

Mtmel, a ilrong town of E PruiTia,
Mrith a caftle, the fincft harbour in the
^altic; and an extenfive commerce. It

MEN

i< featrd on a river of the fime name, at
th«« *i extremity of the Cnrifch \UfC,
and on the wk (i«lc- of the rntr.inre into
the hjrboiir is a liglithoufe Thr em-
peror ot Ku(n.i and king ufTrufl\» h.id
an tutrtvirw here In ijioj It il 76 m
HVK KoniKibcrg, and 140 Ni Danixic.
L>)n at 26 ' , iat. a 46 n

MtmmhixtHt a toiAin of 8u.ibi.i, dtu
fendtd by irt, and liirronnilrd by a
mMf.if't. It h.i« a conlidcrable trade in
fine linen, fuflinn, rotion, paper, fait,
a'ld hops. Near thi:i pl:ico, in 170 J,
the Frtiich rr publicans defeated the
em'gr.«n(^ under thf piincc ot Conde ;
and in 1800 the Frrnch defeated the
Aiinnani, and took the town. It is
feiiidina futile |)l.iin, mar the river
Iller, iH m s by v. IJIm. Lon. 10 la »,
lat. 4H o N.

Miiiiin, a river of th»' kin^Jidom of
Siam, which p.ilHs by the cityof Siam,
and enters the gulf of Siam, below
Bjncock. Th»'r»' arr (everal fingulu-
filhe t in it, and CKKodiIrs ; and it* fertile
(hi»ro;« fwtrni with monkryi, fire-ilieu,
and mofkit()4.

MenJa/i, a town of Aliatic Turkey,
in Kiirdifl.m, the rcfii!(ncc of a bey.
It \n li.uate on the borders of Irak Arabi
and Irak .Agemi, furroniulcd with fine
gardi-n'f, 80 m nne Bagdad, and 100
asK Kerkouk

Mende, a town of Fr,jnce, capital of
the dipanment o^ Lozcre, and a bifli p'-,
fee. I lie fountain'^, and one of tlic
ftceplesi of the cathedral, an- rem.trk-
able. It h,iR manut'idtures of Icr^es and
other woolhii ftuffs, Am\ i« li.Mied ou
the Lot, 35 m sw INiy, and 110 s by r;
Paris Lnn 3 .^o f., lat 44 .M n.

MetiiUp Uif/j, :i lo'ty tract in the ne
of Siimtiltilhirc, abouniling in coil,
calamine, and lead; th«* latter fiid to
be of a hardf (pi.tiity than itiat of other
coun'rieN Copper, m myancff, Im>Ic,
and tid oelnc, arc alio found in thtfc
hi!i... At ihf bottom of a d' cp ravim^,
near the village of Betringtun, a civcin
was diftovered in i;*)^, in wliiJi was a
great number of liiitnnn bones, niany
of them iiicmfted with a calcircous ce-
ment, and a Lirge portion incorpuialcd
with the folid rock.

MciuloHt a town of M.in'.ichnfcts, in
Worccfter county, i3 rn se Worceftcr,
and 36 vsw Bofton.

JSlendoza, a town of Chili, capital of
a jurifdidion, which includes the town
of St. Juan de |a Frontera. It ftanda
on the c lide of the Andes, in a plain
adorned with gardens, well watered by
canals, 100 m bne St. Jago. Lon.
70 la w, lat. 340 s.

ijr«W)«IW»>.v"— ^■

.^JPWW'.l5W;-'.= '-

[C'lnfch ll,,r,
J: ♦•nfr.inrc into

.'» »»ii76m
[o Nt Dani/ic.

I V

M Sn.ibi.i, il,.,
/"ii'uird |)y ;,
fr^hle trade In
I', p.ipcr, filf,
!:ic.-. in ,7,5,
. <irreaft(l the
[lec of Conde ;
tlfHrated tlic
town. It in
jn-ir the river
iJ-un. JO la E,

'ii'n';«Iom of

■/•"yofSiam,

Siain, bcloiv

vnal fingiil;,,-

•""I it* fertile

'^'ic Tu/kfy,
ICC of a hry.

oHrak Arabi
il«l with fine
J-iil. and 100

cp. caplt;<I rf

«>"iJabifli p'v;

""C of tJi,:

ar<' rcmnrk.

<)fl<*r^.i'flan(l
i' li.Mttd on

d 110 s by ri

4 ,n N.

i«^t in the VE

"K' in coil,

a'tcr ("lid t(j

I'lat of r)t|>(.i-
•"'Cfi', l),l|f,

iiid in VmU
''• t-p ravini',
)ii» a civfin
^''i^h was a
"ncs. ni;iriy
iciri'oi/s (.1;-
icorpoiatcd

chiifcts. in
Worccfter,

> capital of
'8 the town

Jt ftands

in a plain
vatertd by
BO. Lon.

MEN

^ttndrah, A province of th< kingilom
t>i Frx/ao, much of which in 11 con*
tinued It'vcl i»t h.ud and barren foil i tuit
th** t^iuiiiuy of tron.i, 1 fp-'ciiH of fi»iTll
^Iknli, th4t noat« on the furfacc, ox
fcttlft on the banki ol ill nuiDrroiit
fiiinkinf lakri. hu tfivcii it a hlxhcr
importance than that of thr mod fntilr
fHdriAi. It has a town uf thr fame
name, 60 m 1 Mourxuuk.

Mtndrijiot • town of SwifTrland,
eipital of a bailiwic, lying between ih**
lake* of Cumo aiul Lug mo. It con-
taini frveral convintf, and i* ; m w by
N Ct)mo.

MiUfhoulJ, St » town of France, la
thi! dcp"\rtm»'iit of Mam-', with a caftlc
on a luck. In 171;!, thr I'rench ^Mvt*
flK- firll 'chi'ok to the progrfln tif ihc
I'riini iiu It this plate, u'hich in tlw en I
compellcil \)\vn\ to a rftr«Mt. It it f at-
ed Ml a niorafs, on the livor Afi*', be-
tween two rock", 20 m ^ nj- CIi.iIdih.

Mrn^fH, a town of Snabia, ni the
county of Ilohi'iibcr^r, fcale.l on the
Danube, torn r,>i: Kuthwcil.

Mfnjfennjjfiaujen, a town i»nd c»f>ic
of Germany, in the county of \Va;U«ck|
8 m Ni- Corb.icb.

Menin, a town of the Netliorlinds, in
Flanders II lias bcni often taken ; the
lad tiaic by tlw French in 1794. It ii
fe.it I'd on thr Li'., H m «k Yprti, and

10 V Lille.

Mfntou, a town of Italy, In i!u' pi in.
cipality of Monaco, lirati d near d.c foa,
5 m ^ VK Monaco.

MentZt a late .irclibidu^pric and elec-
torate of Germany, in tlic ciicle of
Lower Rhine ; bounded on thu n by

11 111' and VVitteravia, f. by Fraticonia,
s by the p ila'inatc of the Rhine, and w
by the elevHoratc of Treves It pro-
dncB much corn, fine garden fruits,
and abnndince ol txctllent wmes. In
ijijH, this irchbifhnpric and elcflorate,
then ilic fiilt Ibite of the empire, was
movcil to Ratifbon, and all other bi-
Ihoprici were iccularized. In 180-1,
the fmall p.irt of this tirritory lyinj; on
the Itit bunk of the Rhine, inelntling
tlip city of Mentz, becun«* fnbjed to
France; and the nil was given as in-
dt'innities to the iieighbonring German
princes.

Mentz, or Mai/rnce, a city of France,
cnpital of the department of Mont
I'tmncrre, and a bilhop's fee ; lately a
city of Germany, capital of the elec-
torate of Mcnt/, and an archbifliop's
lee. It is well fortified, and deemed
to be a barrier fortrcfj. The palace,
called Martinfburg, is a confiderable
building, partly ancient and partly

M r, g

modern t anil oppoftte ih- mout!i of
(he Miin<>U a caiHe, calUd Kiyoiita,
with tlitf itardrnt mA water W(*rki.
Tl'< unlverrtfy, fouti<fed in r.1'7, li,ia
latrly received nmlidenble improve*
menin. Of the hofpltaN, that of St.
R ich i I woriliv of riofic fur it» print*
int(-of1U'f> ,10(1 m.tnufu'lurcit of ftulfn
.iiid rto''l:lii^»i. The city U bnilt in an
irrc,tular m.inmi , and pl.-ntitulljr oro*
vldtd with churchei. In thecithrdral,
whiih I1 I Kloiijny fd)ric, N what they
call a treafuiy, cotitiinini^ a numlvr of
clumfy jewi'lii, fome rclicn, and a rich
war«lrobeofla.'erdotalvefVm«'i»fs Mentx
Il one of the townn which cliini the in«
vention of printing; t i>n<I the growth
of the bed rhenilh wim* in limiud to a
circle of .ibout *, m round it. The
Fie'ieh took this pl^ce by fnrprife in
1791 } and the next year it ltoo«l a hmg
bioi'katle and 'tX'y.*' I>" ore it furrcndcreu
to tlie al'iei It w.ii4 twice rrattarkrd
by the Fi 'n h in 1795, hut they were
del\ ii-il !iy iheAuftiian«, ^vho alfo rt-
Iieveilit from a bItKkadvof ' wo monthi,
in 179^1. They foon aftrr -rftimedthc
fiepe, which rontinucd till the figning
I.''' the treaty of Uiliria, in i;*;;. when
it was taken pofTifTlon of by the French.
.Mcntz IS felted on the Rhine, jiilt
bilow the influx of the Maine, antj on
the oppofiti* lide is the town of C'alTel,
connected with it by a bridge of bo 11 1.
It is 41 m wsw Frankfovt, and 70 k by
V Trcvcfl. Lon, S to r, ht. 47 58 n.

Menuf, a town of Egypt, in a well •
cultivated connrry, near that brai". h of
the Nile wliich Hows to Rufelta, 40 ni
N.vw Cairo.

Mi-nzala, a town of Egypt, near a
lake of the fame name, which is 60 m
long, and feparated trom the .Mediter-
ranean by a narrow flip of land. It is
20 m ssK Damietta, and 73 NNt Cairo.
Lon. 32 % E, lat. 31 3 N.

ytfppeti, a fortified town of Weft-
pbalia, in the principality of Munfter,
fi ated .it the conilnx of the Hale with
the Ems, 10 m n Lingcn.

Mequ'iKenza, a town of Spain, in
Aragon, with a caftle ; feated at the
conHiix of the Scgra with thu b.bro, 58
m vsh '-MngoHa, and iKo kne Madrid.

Meqitiritzt a city of the kingdom of
Fez, and a capital of ihe empire of
Morocco. It is feated in a delightful
plain, having a fereneand clear air ; for
which reafon the emperor reTuler. in tbii
place in preference to Fez. The inha-
bitants arc eftimated at 1 10,000. In the
middle of the city, the Jews have a
place to them'\ives, the gates of which
are locked ^very night, and guarded-

5 m

: f :

• .{.

!

i\

:

i:

! -."t!"

I ■

!^l F. II

Cl"f<' l»y MfquliH/t, ot, «h- "(w A fr, U
■ Urrc Nt'K''* tiivvii, which t,\kt» up At
much Krouiitt 4* ihc < ityi t>>ii ihr htiufi •
Att nut In huti* nor fo well buitt The
hih iMtmit* Nrc ali hl.icli«» or of a tUrk
tawiiv colour t anti hrrtce lit frnprntr
rrcruit« tli# loliliir* for hit ctMirt. The
Irtiprriul ptiarv lt.in>l< oti thr* « litti-, .'\t)il
i< l.irjfrih.iri thii uf Ve/.. Tin* hotift't
of .\r«'qtilnr/ «rc very K'>«'«I« «'>»l "'<
ftrrrtt riiTcdin^ly iLirrow i litit the
liffht comet in .it tin* hick i»l'lh«' lioiili ;
vAwrr thrre h » f«|u irc court, with .»
fountain In thr niitUllr if (h>- liuufi* he*
long to .1 pt-rl'on ut' uny rAiik. 'I'hvy
Ate n.tt :it the topi .uul ih'.* womci'i
who live ill till* upprr .ipirtnuntN, nircn
fiflt r.ich other trom th«! tops of tin-
houfrK. Thiir cuftnni .ml m.ininiM
are nuu-h the r.iiiir ai ilioic of oihcr
Moli.iriii-(l.inii t hut they ;ii(- mui'li nunc
nflfahlo th.in In ihc routluni province*.
Mequlnc/ ii 40 m w IVz. Lon. ( o vv,
lat. Yi 40 N.

MtKt a town of Fnuec. Im the tie-
p.irimerit ut Loir and Cher, 1 1 ui nnw
Hloif.

Mernn, a town of Cermany, in Ty-
rol, ot which it wan formerly the c.ipi-
t.il. It h,i:i fix churches nnu cotivrntH,
an<l II uuti un the IVidlr, near itn con-
flux with the A(lig<>. lair. nnw Hot-
/en. Lon. II ^ K, lat. 46 V) ^■

Mfra'if^/ia, a town of Periit, in Ailer-
hijiin, whcie a great ([uintity of the
tnarbh" of Tituiit is got alotij; the cn.ift
of the like iriinii. It (1 ui(l» tu.ir tlu
»K honiei of the lal.t, 6u in ^<sw Tabriz.

MertUtit a city of Ad.itic Turkey, in
Diarbrk, and an -irelibilhop' . fee. It
A.intlsoiid ? ■■ fule ot a mountain, not
far from th. top, and on the fiimmit is
acidle. The viiinity proJuccn much
wine, brandy, and cotton. It is 45 m
se Diatbck.ir. Lun. 39 59 E, lat.

36 /O N.

Mere, a town in Wiltlhirc, with a
market on Tuefd;<v, a8 in w Jjalilbuiy,
and loo w by s Li udon.

Merecz, a town of Litluiania, fcatcd
at the conflux of the ticrczino and
Mcr.'cz, 30 m n Grodno.

Mereejfa, a town of Al}j;icrs, in the
province of Malcara, ctlebrati d for its
warm baths, 25 m se Sherdiel, and 50
sw Ali;iers.

AlerifeNt/ieifn, a town of Franconia,
capital of a diltridl fubj« d to the j,'raiid
mailer of the Teutonic order. C)n tlie
Kiizbcrg, a mnuniain in its vicinity,
is the caftle of Ncwenhaus, the nfi-
dence of the grand mafttr. The order
of Teutonic knights was inftitnttd on
occafion of the cruiades in Pal(.ltiue, in

MF. R

ii()0( amllhit gr.ind mitAer ha* rcfi(Jf«|

hrri- ever Anei* Ihc lAthccntuty. Mrr«
gcnthrim li Icttid on ihe T.nitwr, 1^
in »^w Wuriabuig lioii y ^1 ».» Ut.
4>) |o N.

MfrjfhfH, or Mergmn, arltyofRaft.
rriiT.irt iiy, inlheproviitk.r«>f Tcitcicar,
liratiil on thi* Ntuiiii, 140 nt n by %
Tciteie ir. I. on. I i4 .55 » . lat. t9 lO f" .

Mti^^uit a leapori on Ihc w eoafi of
Minn, vsilh nil txeclh-ni hurtuiur. It
w.iM wirlt^-tl I'loin the Hiainde by the
itirin.M)« iind i» ]oH in tw Mam. Lon.
•>H () v., lat It ;a w.

Mftiih, a nron^ town of Spain, In
I'Urtin.ulm.i, built liy the Komaiu, bt«
foic the liiith III Clinlk. line arr line
rcm.iiiM ol .tnti(|uity, pitrticulirly a tri-
umphal aieh. It ii f-atciJ in .m rxien*
(ive tVrtih- pl.iii), on the river (iii idian.1,
over whi'h '\x a noble Koniaii bruljre,
4) m I'. Uad.iji//.. i.un. 3 ^8 w, Lit.

.?« 47 **'

MaitU, A city of New Spain, capital
of Juc.itau, and a Itiliop't fee. The
inh.ioitanlN are c(\iin tied at 10,000, and
the trade by I'e.i is at the port of Sit^il.
Thi* eity fl uid-i In .in arid plain, (o m
8 of the gulf of Mexico. Lon. 89 o W|
lat JO n6 N.

MrrUiu a town of Terra I'irma, in
till" piovince of Venezuela, f^ated in u
country alxiunding with all kinch of
fruit, i^>o m s Venezuela, i.un. 71 o
w, lat. H y, N.

Merhnethjhire, a county of Wales,
lionndid on the n by C.itnarvonniireand
Dcnl)if(hlhirc. k by the latter county
and that of Montgomery, s by Cardi-
g iiifliire, and w by the IriOi fia. It is
^6 m long and ., » broad, containing
44>,24o acres; iidivided into live hun-
dreds, and aj pariOici ; has four market-
towns, and fends one member to p ir-
li.uncnt. The nundier of inhabitants
wa8 29,5:6 in I But, and 30,9:4 iu iHii.
The face of this county is varied
throughout with a romantic mixture of
all the peculiar fernery belonging tf) a
wild and mountainous region. The
principal rivers arc the Dee and Dyfi ;
and it has a great mountain, named
Cadcr Idris, one of the highell in Wales.
Harlech is the couiity-lown, and DoU
gcl'y the largell.

Meritc/i, a town and important for-
trels of Ilindooftan, in the country of
Viliapour. It was taken by Hyder Ally
in 1778; and is fituatc near th« m
bank of the Kiltna, 62 m sw ViG-
apour.

J\Jerk, a river of Dutch Brabant,
which runs n by Breda, afterward
turns W| and enters one of the mouths

M F, II

„f ihe rWrr Mfulc, oppofttf the ifljnil
ul Ovrrlhclirr, In llolljiul.
}hr0, Miiiftri^l of rmiicnW, cumprt-

hcii.tiii' thr ciHiiitlri of C}i.4UiK(*r,
J)ivt'l|iin, Siiiitiifr, K'>ixflfoti, tiitti
M'liitKomrry The chief town U

Niniviiic.

Mrr«t A ftriirtK town of lhi« kltiititom
i<1 IV>;ij, 140 m »w I'l'gii. 1/>N. vH j6

» , III. 16 U N,

Mtrtit, N town of Prrlb. in Chnrj|>
\.v\, I'iMicil in afiriilc contitry, which
t)iihlii«;P4 fall, 111 m kw ItolkhAu.

l.tlll' <)| if K, lit. .17 40 N,

M^rthmu, .1 riViT of the (Jnitftl
SiHt'*. formed by thr Jnn^iion uf the
p.-itiiy<'W.tlli't aiitl VVitmi|iilrogfi', in
tin* ccneif t»f Ni'w ILimplhire. Il«
Cdiirrr ill t till it cttter* MafTtchiifct'* ;
U tiicn tiirn« 9, uiul p.ilftt imo the
(Ki'an at Ncwhury. It 1* n^viK.iliic tor
\cll''l' of biiriliMi to m t'r irn in tnDinh,
wlinc It i» iibllrtuMfil hy th»' fli ft rapidn,
c.ilicil Mitchull'* Kthly, a little above
Iljvirhill.

M^n ; lire lltfwitk/hire.

M/ijl'urjf, a town ot Ifpprr S.txnny,
In 'I'liiitiiiKi'i. I.tti'ly .1 t>illr)priu. llie
moll rctiurliable bnildinKii are the entile,
tiic cithcdul, anil the acid-'iny. The
brcwin^t and cxport.itioii otftroiig beer
it (he princip.il empUiymcnt ol'thf iii«
habitants It i* fcatcd un theSual, 10
in Nw Lcipzic- l-on. n 13 k, lat 51

Mi'rjbitrgt I town of Swabia, In the
late bilhupric of Conflanci*, with a
c.iftli", an academy for llcular cl«'rf{y,
aikl .1 nonuiiicjii convent. It i» (eattd
on the N tide of the lake uf Coiidancc*
6 in Nk Conftancc.

yJifrj'etft a liver of Enj^Iand, which
rili'u in the n extremity of the Peak in
Di'ibylhirt', rcctivt'» the Tame at Stock-
port, and lower down, thr Irwell; it
tliL-n p dH-'fl by Warrinp'on, and receives
the WtavtT, at Frodlham, wlurc it
forms a bioad eduary, that contracts
on its approach to Liverpool, below
which it entrrs the Ii illi li-a. 'J'his river
not only atlordd lalmoti, luit it is vifited
by anmial riioals of fnu'li i, here c;iil(d
Iparlinjjs, of a remarkable (ize and lla-
vaur.

Mersey t iii ifland in Ifl't-x, between
the mouth of the Coin an^l the entrance
of Blackwatcr bay. I^ has two parifhes,
call.'d Eaft and Well MrrHy, 7 m s
Colcheftcr.

Merthyr TudfyU a town of Wales, in
01an\orgaijihire, with a market on
Wednelday and Saturday. It has a
canal to Cardiff, ininen of iron and ccial,
and confideruble iron*work«> Three m

M I. S

lo thi* w are Ih'* rntum* of Mor las ciill^«
totrnerly a ftrong pUc It I* It'.i'.cd oA
ih« TaH, 14 in MM w Cardiff; ana 171 w

Londiin

Mtrtolii, a ftinnir town of Portiifal*
in Atentrjo, f*'4ti'd near tii*- (itiidiiii4|
to r.\ s £vora, and log «t Liiban. Lon.

7 47 W. Ut. .(7 41 N.

M'tlfn, a »tllj(tc In Horry, fcuird «iH
ihi« VV antll<», 7 in »w |,oii.|ihi. It ha>l
aci li-l>r.)ted ibt)cy. whcic ileiiry in. in
11)6, h<ld a parliament, at which w«r«
r a^lt'd ih'' Pnivilion* uf Mcrti.n, t'i«
molt .tnci''nt luvly oi l.iws a*^ter Mtt(iia
( ha ta. Nothin;; niiiainii of thiiabbi y»
except the k window of a chapi*! | but
the walli that rurround Iht* pn ntilvtiii*
elude about 60 ajrei. Upon the lite of
thin abbey an* two cdtco nunntaCturet,
antl a copper mill

Mrrn, or M-ru ^Italtjtan, a town of
Pcrli.i, in t'lKinf.m. It w.i> formerly a
maKnifii'int city, and the ri lid< ncf of
many liiltanit but liiil waile by the
'i'urcumaiit, after the defeat of I'lltan
Harni,if,iii the 1 ith century It h lituate
on fl|i- Miir;ral, :4o n» n II ru.

Mtni til ititJ, a town nl I'nTii, iti
Chorafan, IhiMte on the Mur^ab, 140 m
N by r. Merit.

yifrvft the north branch of the river
MeiKc, in IIoIiiLd, on which the ciiy
of Kutt<-rdain \* icatfd.

Mervillf, a town of Fr.ince, In the
department of N 'rd, leated on the Lis,
19 m sK Cani'l,aiid 14 svv Menin.

MfJ'chedt or Mfjjf/iiJ, a city of Perfi.i,
capit.il of I'horalan. It is lurrounded
by a flronpf wall, 10 m in circuit, and
divided into It di(lri«:ts, of which five
are in ruins; and it contains a popula-
titin iii 50,000 lliuls. The houf«s are
mi'atily built, and thr ark, or palate, is
unworthy of the iiami*. Th«' city is
governed by a prin^*-, and is famous for
the m,i|;niticcnt fepiikhre «)f Itn.in Rifa,
of the tirtjily of Ali. Hire are minii-
laiJlures of ihv rnitll velvet, btautifiil
pottery, and Ikins. The ba/. ir extendi
thrcmgh tin- city from k to w, 3 rn iii
]i-ngtli, and is wrli I'upplitd with tr.iita
and provifions. Caravans are continu*
ally pafTing tliroii);h thin city from iJok-
haria, Ualu, Caiulahar, Ilindooflan, and
all ptrts of IVrlia. It iii fituatc on a
river of its name, in a rich plain, 170
m ENt Allcrabad, and 470 nk llpahan.
Lon. 57 20 E, lat 37 .^6 n.

MeJc/icJ 4li, or I^ejijf, a town of
Afiiitic Turkey, in Irak Arabi, near the
lake Ntjiff, or Rahema, which commu-
nicates with the Euphrates by a caual.
Here Ali, tht; lon-in-law, and one of the
fuccefluis of Mobamcd was interred;

Mfl

llf

M E S

and his tomb is .'inuu^lly vififed by a
grt'at numh<'t<)f Perli.in pilj^iims. It is
110 m b Urigilad. Loii. 4t 50 r,, lat.

Mi'fched Ilojfdn, or kfrb^la, a town
of Aliatic 'I'urkey, in Irak Anilii, x. the
extremity of a canal drawn from the
Euphrates. Nt-.ir this place ll.ircin,
the fon of Ali, was flain ; and (ince his
interment here, numerous pilgrims of
the fcc'l of Ali flock from all q-iartcrs
tovifitthc flirine. Itis6f, m 8swB;igdad.

Mejchede, a town of the duchy of
Wrftphalia, with a collegiate church,
on the river Uoer, 7 m sE Aretifbrrg.

AAyJ-rz/fA, H town of Murivia, in the
circle of I^ilau, 17 m e 1^1 ui.

Mfferlfclt, a town of Moravia, in the
circ'c ot Prerau, 30 m e by s Olmutz.

MeJ'xircli, a luwn of Suahia, in the
county of Furftcnburg, 17 m n Uber-
lingen.

Mfjja, a town of Morocco, on a river
of thi fame name, not far from thf At-
laiuic Near it is a moique, in which
arc the bnnes of a whale, which the in-
habitanis confidcr as the bones of the
whale that iwallowed Jonah. It is 165
m sw Morocco. Lon. ta 46 w, lit.
a8 58N.

^IpJJ'rlnn^p, a town of European Tur-
key, 11; Livadia, on the se lide of a lalt
maini, '20 m w by s Lcpanto.

Meflna, a city and feaport of Sicily,
in V-d di Demunn, nnd the lee of an
archbiihop, with a ftroi p citadel P"d
feveral forts. It is 5 m in circumfer-
ence, and has four large fuburb-*. Be-
fide the cathedral, admired for a fine
gothic front, there are about fifty other
churches, many of them adorned with
pidurts, chiefly by MtfTinian painters.
The numerous convents are in general
lar^ie, and richly ornamented. 'J'be
royal palace and the fenate-houfe are
fine edifices. The harbour is one of
the fo felt in the Mediterranean, and has
a quay above a mile in ktigth. It h,Ts a
great trade in filic, oil, fruit, corn, and
excellent wine. In 1780, it luff'cred
wucb by an earthquake; and in 1783,
was liali^dt'flroyed by the fame calami-
ty; hnce which it has been rebuilt, with
elegant houfcs, only two Itories high.
The inhabitants are eftimated at near
90,000. It is feated on the faro or ftrait
of Meflina, which feparater. Sicily from
Calabiia, 12; m e Palermo. Lon. 15
56 E, lat. 38 10 NT.

Me/fing^ a town of Franconia, in the
principality of Aichftat, 14 m nne
Aichftat.

Meftre, a town of Italy, in Oogado,
8 xn Nw Venice.

IM E T

Mfjhratai a town of Bnrbary, in Tri-
puii, and the capital of a di(lri(lt of the
fame name, with an old caflle, where
the governor refides. It flands on Cape
MeliiraM, the w point of ihe gulf of
Sibra, under which is good anchorage
in weflerly windn. Caravans travel
hence to Fezzan and other interior parti
of Africa, which caufes a great trade. It
is 1 20 m ESI'. Tripoli. Lon. 14 j8 e, lat.
32 6 N.

Mi;:apu:a, a town of the ifle of Bor.
neo, in the kingdom of Banjormnfljn, 71
m N y, Banjermuflin, and 100 se Negara.

Metilen, a town of Weflphalia, in
the principality of Munfter, 19 m nw
Miinfter.

Met'Aii, or Myt'ilenr, an ifland of the
Archipeliigo, antitntly call<;d Lefbos, to
the N ot Si:in, and almofl ;«t the entrance
of the g'lU of Gueftro. It is 40 m long
and 24 hroad, fbmewhat mountainous,
and ha-^ many hot fprings. The foil is
very good, and the ruounlalns are cool,
being covered with wood in many
places. It produces goml wheat, wine,
and oil, and the belt figs in the Archi-
pelago It is fubjed to the Turks } and
the capital ir Caliro.

Mctliil, a town of Scodand, in Fife-
flrirc, with a fafe harbour on the frith
of Forih, whence much fait and coal is
cxjK)ned. It is 8 m nf. Kirkaldy.

j\hi!ii":n, a town ol" Scotland, in
Pertliihire, with an ancieni caille, i^nd
manufaijhires (;f linen. In jjo6, king
Rnb<'rt Bruce was defeated here by
the En'flifli troops under the carl of
Pcnibrolc<\ It is 6 m vvnw Perth.

Methivold, a town in Norfolk, with a
market on Tuefday, i j; m n w Thetford,
and 84 N N K l.cHidoii.

Mftiif!ff, or Mottlingf .t ftrong town
of (Jeimany, in Carniola, feated on the
Kiilp, (>ti tlie frontiers ot Croatia, 13 m
NW Carhladt, and 40 se Lauhach.

Mfiro, a river of Italy, which rifes
on the fiontiers of TuJcany, croffesthe
duchy of Urbino, and enters the gulf of
Venice, near Fano.

Metropolis a town of the ifland of Can-
dia, on the lite of the ancient Gortinia,
of which many veftiges remain. It is 22
m s'iu' Candia.

MetK-t -A city of Frar.ce, capital of the
department of Mofeile, and a bifhop's
fee The fortificatio.is are excellent,
and it has three citadels and noble bar-
racks. The cathedral is one of the
fineftjn huropc The Jews, about
.Upoo, live* in a part of the town by
themfelves, and have a fynagogue. The
Iweetnreats made here are in high ef-
teem. Jt js feated at the conflux 0/ the
-..'trstf igU'^j';

. «WSR«!W:^W!«w

rhary, in Tri-

tl'ftri^tofthc
caftle, where
ands on Cape
'f ihe gulf of
od anchorage
ravans travti
■interior parti
rt'at trade. Jt
'458 E, lat.

e inn of Bor.
njermiiflin, 71
30 SE Negara.
''"eftphalia, in

r, 19 tn Nw

in^nd of the
It'll Lefbos, to

tlie entrance
is 40 m long
mountainous,
The foil is
ains are cool,
od in many
wheat, wine,
in the Archi-
R Turks } and

and, in Fife-
• on the frith
It and coal is
ikaldy.
Scotland, in
I caltle, i^nd
n IJ06, king
ed here by
the carl of
V Perth.
irfoik, with a
wThetfoid,

ftrong town
en ted on the
lo.jtia, 13 m
HI bach,
which rifes
■, crofles the
s the gulf of

land of Can-
nt Gortinia,

li". It is 22

ipital of the
rf a bifhop'9
i excellent,
I noble bar-
one of the
^ws, about
e town bv
ogue. The
in high ef-
ifluxo/the

MEX

Iklofelle and Seille, 35 m iff by w Nancy,
and 190 NE Paris. Lon. 6 10 t, lat.

49 7 ^^
Metidon, a village of France, with a

magnificent palace on the Seine, 6 m se

Paris.

Mculan, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Seine and Oife, built in the
form of an amphitheatre, on the river
Seine, over which are two bridges, ao
m Nw Paris.

Meurs, or Moerst a town of France
in the department of Roer, lately ot
Germany, In the ele»5torate of Cologne.
It has a caftle, and was formerly a place
of ftrength, but the fortifications were
deftroyeid in 1764. It is 17 m se Gel-
ders,

Mfutft a department of France, in-
cluding part of the late province of
Lorrain. It is fo callt'd from a river,
which rifes in the department of Volges,
and flows by Luneville and Nancy into
the Mofelle. Nancy is the capital.

Meufct a river that rifes in France,
near the village of Meufc, in the de-
partment of Upper iVIarne. It witcrs
Verdun, Stenay, Sedan, Doncherry,
Mezierea, and Charlevilte; and enter-
ing the Nethertnnds at Givet, it flows
to Ciarlemont, Driant. Namur, Huy.
Lifgc, Maeftricht, Ruremtmde, Venlo,
Grave, Baittnbnrg, Rav^ftein, Gorcnm
(where it receives the Waal) andWor-
cum. At Dort it divides into four prin-
cipal branches, V^t moft northern of
which is cailei! the Mrrve. Thcfc form
the iflands of Ylielmonde, Vonrn, and
Ovcrflackee, and enter the German
ocean bulow Bricl, Helvoctfluys, an(l
Goree.

Mettfe, a department of France, in-
cluding the late duchy of IJar. It takes
its name from the river Meufe. liar le
Due is the capital.

Meufe, Lower, a new department of
France, including the weflern part of
Upper GeUlerland, and the narthern
part of Liege and of Limburg. The
capital is Maeftricht.

Me-wut, a hilly and woody tracfl of
Hindooftai), lying on the sw of Delhi,
confining the low country, along the w
bank of the Jumna, to a comparatively
narrow flip, and extending wcftward
130 m. From n to s it is 90 m. Its
inhabitants, the Mewatti, have been
ever charadlerifed as the moft lavage
and brutal, and they are ftill noted as
thieves and robbers. The country
contains fome ftrong fortrefles on fteep
^'forinacceffibltf hills.

MeJcicaft^, ct» Adapes, a river of New
■ SiMiIrt, on the (JoiVfines of Louiliana,
which rwna into iho gulf of Mexico.

MEX

Mexico, or New Xpain, an extenfive
country of N America; noundfd on the
K by New Navtrre, New Mexico, and
countries unknown, k by Louiliana, the

f;ulf of Mexico, tlie Caribean U-a. and
'aiiama, s by the l"* cific ocean and w
by the lame and the jiulf of ("alilornia.
It lies between 81 and no w Ion. and
exteiid"! from 7 to 3a n lat. bfiij? 2000
m long, and in the n part abovi' Xoo
broad, but it decreafts thtnce co'ifi Icr-
ably, and in fome of the s pans is only
from 40 to lao broad. I" jjeneral, it is
a mountainous country,intermixeil ^vith
many rich valleys; but the higMeft
mountains are near the coait of tlu' Pi-
cific ocean, many of which are volcanos.
The eaftern ftio-e i- a H^t country, full
of impenetrabln f reds, with \\o^\ and
moralTes, overflowed in tlic rainy leafon,
which \i fro n April to S^p't ber. Al-
though Mexico is within the torrid
zone, the ciirate is temper-ite and
healthy. No country abounds m .re
with grain, fruits, rootj», and veijeta-
blea; and it is fiiigularly fertile in
plants, which yield Ualiam.^, gums,
rclins, and oils. The mines products
liilphur, aluin, vitriol, cinnabar, o;;hre,
quicklilvcr, iron, Irad, tin, copper, di-
ver, .nul goi(r Diamoids arcitMl torn d,
though but few;anvlthi-reareainct'iylh,
cats-eyes, tiirquoiii'-, cornelians, and
Ibme green ft ones not itui'-h inferior to
emeralds. There are mount-iins of
loadfton;'; and great abundance of the
famous flone called itztii, which is li-mi-
traiil'paren-, of a glolTy fiibftnce, and
generally b!ack, of which the Indians
make looking-glafTfs, &c. there are alio
quarries of jalper, porpliyry, and exqui-
lite marble. Cochineal is almoll pecu-
liar to t'ais country ; its indigo and co-
coa -V, J fuperior to any in America; and
its Itgwood his been loner nn important
article of commerce. Among the qua-
drupeds are the puma, jaqnar, bears, elks,
wolves, foxe.s, deer, *fc. The domtftic
animals of Europe, particularly horned
cattle, have multiplied here with great
rapidity; numbers of thefe now range
over the vaft plains, in herds of from 30
to 40,000, and are killed merely for the
fake of their hides, which are annually
exported, in vaft quantities, to Europe.
Birds are immenfely numerous; above
30O fpecies are peculiar to the country,
and many of them fnperlatively btauti-
ful for their plumage. Th- inhabitants
confift of native Span' ..ds ; Creoles,
who are defcendants of Spaniards ; Mu-
lattos, the ilTue of an European and an
African flave ; Metifs, born of an Euro-
pean and an Indian ; Meilizes, the otf-
Ipring of the Metifs; their defcendants

Ws

Mm.

it

it« ;,'.

^^S:

i

,1

I

I ■(

( ■

* Mk

1 m

Ill

i

'

MEX

Tcrcfroons, nnd Qii irterocna ; after
vrliom the fittli generation enjoys all
the benefit of Creoles. New Sp.iin i«
tliviilfd into three aiiclirnccs, GiKila-
laxir.i, Mexico, ainl Giutimala ; and
fuhdividcd into tin? foliowinp provinces:
namj'ly, Guadalaxara, Cidiacaii. Cina-
loa, Soiiora, N«'w Hilcay, and 7. icato
cas; Mexico, Mechoacm, Cohaliuih,
'iVxas, New Leon, Pnnnco, Tl.di-.ilH,
Gii.ixaca, Tabafco, and Jncatan ; Gii i
timii;., Soconiifco, Cliiipa. Vfra l^lz,
Honduras, Nicaraj?na, Cofla Rici, and
Vcrajiua, The whole coiiniry is go-
vevrcd hy a viceroy.

Mexico, one of the three audiences cf
Now Sp.iii), and a province bounded on
tilt; N' b'/ GuUteca, k by Tl;>(cai.i, s by
the P.icific ocean, and w by Mechoacaii.
The trcatcfl part of tlie province is
mountainous; but there are innmrnfe
plains and extenlive vallits, the foil of
\v*i!ch is lb truittui that all the nccefla-
iies of life are fxccedin^ly rcafonabU',
and its lilvcr mines are richer than thofo
cf any other province. The richnefs of the
country furnilhes every article of com-
merce, and the roads, Inkts, and rivers
every nquifiteof domeftic intu'courle,

MexicOi the capital of the province
and audience of Mexico, and or all New
Spain. It was a flouriihing city l)efore
the Spaniards entered the country, and
was feated on feveral iflands, in a falt-
watcr lake, called Ttzcuco, to which
there was no entrance, but by three
caufeways, each a m long. Theciiciiit
of the city, exclulive of the fuburbp, was
8 m ; and it contained at lead .50,000
houiijs, with lt;veral large tempU-s, full
of rich idols, and three palaces. Mexi-
co was taken by Cortez, in 152 1, after
a fiege of near three months. As the
Mexicans defended themfelvcs from
ftreet to ftreet, it was almoft ruined,
but afterward rebuilt by the Spaniards.
The ftreets are very fpacious, and fo ex-
actly difpofed, that in point of regularity
it is the fined city in the world; and the
great caufeways and large avenues of
elms and poplars leading to it, with
the want of walls, gates, and artillery,
render Mexico extremely remarkable.
The great fquare in the centre of the
city, and the public buildings, are mag-
nificent. There are 34 public churches,
and 36 monafteries and 29 nunneries,
with each a church; of the riches of
thefe an idea may be formed from the
revei'U<'s of the grand cathedral amount-
ing to 8o,oool. ayear, of which the arch-
bifliop has 2o,oool. ; and the great con-
vent of St. Francis, from alms alone,
poflcfles an annual revenue of near
«i,ocol. There are alfo a tribunal of

MEY

the inquifition, a treaCury, a mint, and ii
univerfny. This city contains about
14 ,000 inhabitants; and though it ha?
no commuihcation with the ffa, by na-
vigable rivers, it ciirries on a great trade
to Europi' by Vera Cruz, and to Alia by
A.'.tpulco. Jn 1629, it liiffirrtd by aii
inundation, in which 40,000 perl'oni
were drovv lo'. This induced the Spa-
niards fo ni.ike a great conduit through
a niount'Mn, in older tn empty th«' laki.-;
by which, and other canals fince dont,
the town is now leated on dry land, 2 m
from the sw exiremity of die lake. On
this lake, and tlie freih water la!:es of
Xichiindco and t'halco (which lie 6 \\\
to th(.' s of Tezcuco) are chinumpas,
or floating jrudfiis ; Ihi'v nrr generally
about 40 yards long and 15 broad, with
leis thuii a foot of elevation above the
fuiface of the water, and are eafily
towed to a-diffeient dation at the plea-
Aire of the owner. Mexico is fiipplied
with frcfh watt r by two aquedut^s ; and
at all fealons of the year is abundantly
provided with all the gilts of nature,
brought into it by means of canals. It
is 180 in NNE Acapulco, and 200 w by
N Vera Crr.z. Lo.'. 99 6 w, lat. 19 26 x.

Mexico, AV-iy, a country of N Ameri-
ca, bounded on the E by Louifiana, s liy
New Spain, and on other parts by un-
known countries; extending along the
Rio del Norte, from 30 to 41 n Kit. and
from 90 to 150 m in breadth Groat
encomiums have been lavifiKxi on the
fertility of its Ibil, and the variety of its
valuable produdls ; but it is generally
deemed to be deftitute of metallic
wealth, except a few copper mines.
The animals are deer, elk, bnffalo, (heep,
beeves, and horfes. The mountainous
diftridt on the N border is deemed the
higheft land in this part of the conti-
nent, for hence ifTue the Rio di 1 Norte,
theColerado, Arkanla, Platte, and other
rivers, which Row in various dirttUons.
One of the mountain-', near the fource
of the Arkanfa, is found to be 10,581
feet above the plain through which the
river flows, and the plain is fuppofed to
be 8coo feet above the fea. The coun-
try is chiefly inhabited by the native
Americans, hitherto un{ul)dned by the
Spaniards. St. Fc is the capital.

Mexico, Gulf of, that part of the At-
lantic ocean, on the coall of N Ameri-
ca, bounded on the s and w by the au-
dience of Mexico, and on the n by W
and E Florida; the entrance lying to
tl.e H. between the s point of Erlorida
and the Nfc point of Jucatan.

Meyuhoun, a city of Pegu, with nu-
merous gilded temples and fpacious mo-
naileries. The vicinity is uucommoDly

\

MIA

ftuiiful ill rice; and ii«ip are capacioui
granaries l)«longintr to the kinnot'Bir-
mah, always kept filled with grain ready
to be traiifported to any pirt of the
enipiri.' in which therf happens to be a
fcarcity. It ItretchcH a in <in the right
bank of tlic Irravvaddy, and is 85 m nw
Pegn. Lon. 95 8 r, lat. 18 18 n.

meyenberg, a town of Brandenburg,
in the m,ir!< of Pregnitz, »i m ne Pcrle-
berjTi and 60 nnw Bcilin.

Meyenfcldt a town of SwilFerland, in
the canton of Giifons. It is a kind of
ftapie for goods pafling between Ger-
many and Italy; and is feated on the
Rhine, in a country fertile in excellent
wine, 15 m N by E Coirc. Lon. 9 37
E, lat. 46 59 N-

Meyrveij, a town of Fiance, in the
department of Loziere, ^3 m s Mende,
and a? w Alais.

Mezana, a town of Naples, in Bafili-
cata. 17 m saw Turfi.

Mezemna, a feaport of Fez, at the
mouth of the Nocor, in the Mediterra-
nean, 98 m ESL Tctuan. Lon. 3 45 w,
lat. 35 13 N.

Mezen, a town of Rnflia, capital of a
province, in the ^lovernment of Arch-
angel. It is feated on a river of the
fame name, 160 m ene Archangel. Lon.
4+ 58 E, lat. 65 as N.

MeziereSi a town of France, in the
department of Ardennes, with a citadel;
feated on an illand in the river Mcufe,
la m w by n Sedan.

Mezin, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lot and Garonne, 9 m nw
Condom.

Miaco, the fecond c'ty of Japan, in
the ide of Niphon, with a fortified pa-
lace. It is the I'piritual capital of the
empire, the Teat of the imperial mint
and principal manufadurcs, and the
chief mart of trade. The daira's court
being literary, all books are printed
here. The inhabitants are faid to be
600,000. It is feated inland, on a tine
plain, 160 m wsw Jedo. Lon. 136 10
E, lat. 35 30 N.

Miami, Little and Great, two rivers
of the Hate of Ohio, which run s inio
the Ohio, the former jiifl above Colum-
bia, and the latter at m below Cincin-
nati. The Little Miami is 60 m to its
fource, but generally fo fhallow as to
afford no navigation. The Great Mia-
mi has a navigation, like the Mufkin-
gum , that appro ichcs near the navigable
waters of Lake Erie. The country be-
tween thefe two rivers is called the Mia-
mis, and is reckoned among the richefl
belonging to the [Inited States.
Miami cft/u S^akfy a navigable river

MIC

of the (late of Ohio, which has its hacd
waters near thofe of the Waba(h, and
from their jimdtion in lat. 41 ao t»kis a
N K c()urf<' oi 90 m, and enters a bay at
the \v extremi y ol I.aki' Erie, called
Miamis tiiy. A * l>ranch r.f this river
communicuies "ith the Great Miami
by a portage of 5 m.

Miauna, a town of Perfn, in Adcr-
bijan Here the celebrated 'traveller
M, Thcvtnot died, on his return from
Il'pahan. It is 80 m ssk 'I'abri?,.

Micha, i cape of Dilmaiia, whiih
advances into the gulf of Venice, near
the town ot Zara.

Miihael, St. the moft exleiilive and
populous ifland of the Azoit;;). It is i;4
m long, and from 6 to 15 broad ; and
contains nearly 80,000 inhabitants, la
a valley on the caltern fido are a nu.n-
bcr of boiling fountains ; alfo many I'u
phureous fprings, fome of a hot, and
others of a cold temperature. In June
181 1, one mile to the nw, where the
fea was deep, a volcanic ifland arofe
with a tremendous eruption; and wh-n
it became quiefcent, waii from 200 to
300 feet high and a mile in circuit. It
was n^med Sabrina, fiom the fhip that
firft vifited it ; but in October fnlluwing
it gradually difappeared, leaving an ex-
teiifive llioal. The principal towns aie
Punta del Guda and Villa Franca : the
former is the capital of the ifland. Lon.
35 4a w, lat. 37 47 v.

Michael, St. a borough in Cornwall,
which has neith. r market nor fair, 8 m
swSt.Columb, and 25:; w by s London.
Michael, St- a town ofFrince, in the
department of Meuli', with a fine hol-
jiital, and the rich library ol" a Benc-
didtine abbey; lea'cd on the Meulc,
Inrroundci! by tnountainij, ao m nb
Bar leDiic.

Michael, St. a town of New Spain, in
the province of Nicaragua, on the river
bt. Michatl, 1 10 m nw Leon. Lon. 87
45 w, lit. 12 25 N.

Michael, St. a town of New Spain,
in tlie province of Culiacan, near the
mouth or the Signatlan, 30m e^k Culi-
acan. Lon. 107 40 w, lat. 24 10 N.

Michael, Si. a town of New Spain,
in Mechoacan, celebrated for iis cotton
maniif;«dnies, 10 m E Giianaxuato.

Michael, St. a city and tlie ca,)iial of
Tucuman. Be fide the calhcilral. it
coniuins two convents, and a college
that formerly belotigi'd to the jeliiits.
The chief trade is in timber, mules, and
oxen tamed for the caits It. 'is lituate
in a fruitful valley, at the loot of a
range of rugged mouiuains, 700 m nw
Buenos Ayres. Lon. 64 45 w, lat. 3649 s.

Ill I

) I

* (

-{ '.

If
t

«.

« »

:i'.

I .

M I D

^Jlchafl de Vjorrn, St. a town of
Peru, in thr province* of Qnito, capital
of a juriiilii^tion of its iiam«. It lias a
large and decant thnrcl), a college, and
ftveral convents ; and is 70 ni nk (2ai-
to. I.on. 77 "O v\ , l^t. o 2'-, N.

Mic/uif/iie I'iura. .S'/. a town of Peru,
in tlic province (if Quito. It was the
firft Spanifli colony in Pc.u,and is feat-
cd ne.ir th« mouth of the I'iura, 325 m
3SW Quito. Lon. 80 40 w,I,\t. 5 10 s.

MicltafI, Gulf of St. that part of the
Pacific ocean, to the t of Panama,
which was firll difcovered by ilic Spa-
niards, after their march acrofs the
ilthmus of Darien.

Micliifran, a territory of the United
States of America. It includes the lake
of the fame name ; and is joundtd on
the N by lake Superior, i< by the Inkcs
Huron, St. Clare, and Erie, s by the
ftatcof Ohio, and Indinna.and w by the
territory of Illinois. This country, from
its grand lakes, poflefles immcnfc ad-
vantages refill; ing from navigation and
filhcries; hut the foil is marfhy and
poor, and great part of it inundated for
fix months in the year. The number
of inhabitants in 1810 was 5,485. The
chief town is Detroit.

3Iicfii;:nn, a lake of N America, the
largeft th.nt is wholly within the United
States. It is 280 m long, and from 50
to 60 broad, and navigable for vefiels of
any burden. On the nw part the wa-
ters branch out into two bays, one to
the N called Noquet Bay, the other to
the s. Green Bay. This lake, at the ne
extremity, communicates with the nw
end of Lake Huron, by the ftrait of
Michiiimakinac.

Mic/iilimakinactZ iiraiiof N Ami rica,
which unites the lakes Michigan and
Huron. It is 6 m wide; .nnd on its se
fide, in Lake Hi'ron, is an illand, with a
fort and village, )fthe fame name. The
fort was taken by the British in 1812.
Lon 84 30 w, lat. 45 48 n.

Middkborough, a town of MaflTachu-
fets in Plymouth county. Great quan-
tities of nailsare made here, particularly
in the winter. It is 4c m s by k RoiVpn.

Middkburg, a firong city of Holland,
capital of the ifiand of Walcheren, and
of all Zealand- The Iqiiares, fireets,
and puMic buildings are magnificent ;
particularly the townhoufe (formerly a
celebrated abbey) which i9 decorated
with the Itatues of the ancient counts
and countefles of Holland. The inha-
bitants are computed at 30,000. The
harbour isromm"diou«, and has aeom-
municati. n with Flufhing by a canal,
which will bear the largcit vcficls. In

INI I D

1K09, il Surrendered to the Britilli, but
wiis foon after evacuated. It is 30 ni
NNW Ghent, and 71 sw Airfterdain.
Lon 3 37 v., lat. 51 29 M.

Middlvbuigy a town of the Nether-
lands, in Flanders, 5 tn sb Sluys.

Middleburg, one of the Friendly
iilands. See l\aoo<w».

Aliddlebury^ a town of Vermont, chief
of .Addifon county. It bus feveral faw-
mills, and (lands on the £ fiduof Otter
creek, 37 m s Burlington, and io« v
Bennfaigton.

Middlehantt a town In N Yorkfhire,
with a market on Monday, and a wool-
Itn manufadlure. Here was a ftately
caltle, now in ruins, in which Richard
1 1 1 was born. It is l>atcd on the Ure,
urns by w Richmond, and 255 nnw
London.

MiddUfexy a county of England,
bounded on the N by Hcrtfordlhire. e
by Eflex, s by Kent and Surry, and w
by Buckinghamlhire. It is 22 m lons»
and 17 broad, containing 190,080 acres;
is divided into fix hundreds, and 9H pa-
rilhes, belide thole in London and Wc(l-
minftcr ; has thofe two cities and fix
ni.;rket- towns; and fends eight mem-
bers to parliament. The number of in-
hribitants was 818,129 in 1801, and
^}h'6i'^7(> in iflii. The air ia healthy;
but the I'oil, in general, being gravelly,
is not naturally fertile ; though by means
of the vicinity to the metropolis many
parts of it are converted into rich bcdsoi
manure, clothed almoft with perpetual
verdure. There are dill, however, very
extenfive trafts of uncultivated heath.
Bcfide the Thames, Lea, and Coin,
which are its boundaries to the s, e,
and w, Middlefex is watered by feveral
fmall dreams ; one of which, called the
New River, is artificially brought from
near Hertford, for the purpofc of fup-
plying London with water.

Middhton, a town of CouneAicut,
capital of Middlefex county, with two
ciuirches, and a naval office. It has a
confidcrahle trade, and (lands on thew
fide of Connedlicul river, 14 m 8 Hart-
ford, and 26 N by E Newhaven. Lon.
7234 w,lat. 41 34 N.

Middleton, a town of Delaware, in
Newcallle county, fituate on Apoqui-
nimy creek, ax n» ssw Wilmington.

Middleton, a town of Pennfylvania, in
Dauphin county. It has a great trade
in corn, and (lands on Swatara creek,
2 m from its entrance into the Sufque-
hana, ^nd 6a W by at Philadelphia.
Lon. 76 44 w, lat. 10 13 N.

Middleton., a town of New Jerfey, in
Monmouth county, on the sw fide of

li- ritfsfi^pi^iff^i^m

MI L

(1,1' hay williin Sandy Hook, 14 lu nw
Shrew ibiivy, and r,z unk Trcntori.

MititlUton, .1 t(>wu in Laiicalliiic, with
a m.iikit (Ml Friday. It has ilu- citton
(mJc ill all ItK hr:iiich(fs, a 1 ir^;v* twill
iniiHifaClure. andconruicrabltibli-achiiiK
woikrt. ■ It (lands on the Rochdale ca-
iiiil, 6 m N by K Manchcllt'r, and iBH
hSMv !<ondon.

Mi:Ulttun, a borough of Ireland, in
ikc county of Cork. Hae arc fomc
Iiirj?e building* for manufadlurcs, of
which one for woollen isvcry cxtcniivc
It ij fituate at tlic ne angle of Cork har-
bour, 14 m E Cork.

MiddlfMichi a town in Chelhirc, with
a market on Tueftlay, and manufailurcs
of ftlt and cotton ; Teated on the Crokc,
94 m £ Chelter, and 167 nw London.

Midhurftt a borough in Suflex, with
a market on Thurfday, feated on the
Ariin, 1 1 m N by s Chichcftcr, and 50
w by s London.

Midnapar, a town of Hindooftan, in
Orifla, capital of a diftri»ii belonging to
the Englilh E India Company. It is
feated near a river that flows into the
Iloogly, 70 m w by s Calcutta. Lon.
'i^ a5 K, lat. azgo n.

J//V/, a town of Bohemia, in the ».ir-
clc of Pilfen, on the river Mifa, ili ni w
Pilfen.

Mii^lianot a town of Naples, in Prin-
•ipato Ultra, 15 m nn c Conza.

Miialidi, or Mikalitzut a town of
Aliatic Turkey, in Natolia, on a river
of the fame name, which runs into the
fea of Marmora. Two m down the
river is a fort; and at its moutii if a
port, whence filk, wool, grain, and
fruit ate exported. It is 55 m wnw
fiurfa. Lon. 28 41 e, lat. 40 18 n.

Milan, or Milaneff, a duchy of Italy,
150 m long and 78 broad ; bounded on
the N by Swiflerland, E by Bergamafco,
Mantua, and Parma, s by Parma and
Genoa, and w by Piedmont. The foil
is every where fertile in corn, wine,
fruit, rice, and olives ; and there are
fine canals for the purpofe of irrigation.
Sheep are few and poor, but the cattle
and cheefe are excellent. Here are
fome mines of copper and lead. The
rivers are the Seffia, Tcfin, Adda,
Oglio, and Po ; and it is famous for
lakes, the principal of which are thofe
of Maggiore, Como, and Lugano. This
country was fubdued by the French in
1796, and formed the principal part of
their Cifalpine republic On the re-
newal of hoftilities, in 1799, it was foou
reconquered by the allies, and was again
i'ubjtft to the houfe of Auftria. The

M 1 I.

Fp-:ch l)cc?imc malUrn of it again in
iHoo, afier lh»' battif of Marengo 1 and
the w pait, with Pit'ilinont, was fnou
afu rwaal ;inncxcd to France. See Pud-
motit,

MiliVt, 3» city of Italy, capital of the
duchy oCthc? fame name, an<l tlu- fci'«)f
an aiclil'ilbop. It wa» \\w. ancifiit ca-
pit;il of ^ oinbavdy, and in now dremt'd
till- capit.il of the kingdom of Italy,
Napolean Bonap.nte being herr crown-
ed kihg of Italy oD May 16, 1805. The
city is 10 m in circumference ; but the
garden grounds are fo t'xton(ive, that it
does not contain above 150,000 inhabit-
ants. It (tandii in a plain between the
rivers Adda and Tefin, which comnm-
nicatc with the city, by means of two
canals. The town itfelf has no other
fortifications th.ui a high wall and ram-
parts ; but the citadel, called Callello
di Porta Zobia, is a place of great
ftrength. Here are ?' ^Me^^ a nniver-
fity, li:voral co'.legcs, many fine palaces,
230 churches, of wliich^e an; parochial,
90 convents, 100 religious fraternities,
and a gre;it number of hofpitals. The
c-»fhedral is in the centre of the city,
aiii! next to St. Pcter'a at Rome, the
molt exteiifive in Italy, but not io lofty
in the interior as that at Florence. This
vaft fabric is built entirely of white
marble, fupportcd by 51 columns; and
in fret-work, carving, and ftatues, I'ur-
padcsall churches in the univerfe. The
moft remarkable ubjidt in the interior
is the iubtiTrancin clwipd, in which is
the tomb ot'St. Cha-'c;; Uorromeo: it is
immediately under tlu; dome, in form
octangular, and lined with iilver pan-
nels reprefentin[; the principal aiJtions of
the lite of this virtuous archbifliop ;
and his body Ul-s in a ihritie of rock
cryftal, behind the altar, drift in pon-
tihcals The Ambrolian library con-
tained 45,000 prinu;d hooks, and I'j.ooo
munnfcripts ; alio ;i galli.'ry d' pidhlres,
llatues, and gems ; but the latter, with
the moft valuable of the books and ma-
nufcripts, have b;cn conveyi'd to Paris.
Milan has confukrable comn.erec in
grain (efpecially rice) cattle, and cheefe;
and has manulaiftures of filk and velvet
ftufTs, ftockint:;', handkerchief-., ribinds,
gold and filver lace and embroideries,
woollen and linen cloths, gials, porce-
lain, and curioi'.s works in iUel, cryftal,
agate, hyacinths, and other gems. It
has been many limcs taken in the wars
that have defolated Italy. The French
took it in 1796, and made it the feat of
government of the Cifalpine republic.
It was retaken by_tho Aultrians and

m

■' r

MIL

1799, ^"'^ rpp.iinrcl by thi;

UiiflHinn in _

French in iBco' It in 165 m nw Flo

rcnce. l.on y 11 F.lat. 45 :H w.

Mi/azzt or Meloz/^o, a (eiport (if
Sicily, in Val tli Dnnona. It is divided
into the ui)pi'r and hiwcr town: the iip-
piM*. on a promoniory, in vtry Jlrong ;
.md the lowtT, on a rich plain, hab a
finf ft|iiarc, with a (iipcrl) louniain. It
ftandu on the w tiiic of a b.iy of th«!
TanK" n.imc. 18 m w by n Mi fiiiia. 1-on.
I J ,H y, lat. ,:?« 1.1 N.

AliJ/jorn port, ;> horoujtii in Somerfi t-
ftiirc. whicii lus iio market It has ma-
nufactures (if woiillt-n (.•loth, limn, and
hofiriy; and is li-atfd <ui a luatich of
the PariPt, z in v. by n Shcibom, ;ind
114 w by s I.or.don.

Mildenluill, a town In Suflolk, with
n nnrkft on Fiid.iy. Hated on the I.arlci',
a lirinch of the '>iilV, n m n\v Uury,
ard 70 NN K London

Milrt/), a town of Naples, in Calabria
Ultra. In \-;'i,\, it was nearly dcftroy-
td by an carihcjiiakc. It is B m k by N
Nicoicra

Mi/ets, the ancient Miletus, a town of
Afiitic Tiirkey, in N itolia, 64 m s
Smyrna Lon z-j 14 i', lat. %& 2; n.

Milford, A feaport .T Walos, in Ptm-
bfokclhiie, with a maikft on Tnefday
and Sa'iiidny. It is featcdoii thi' n (kW
of Mihord haven, a d'.'U iiiltt of the
Iriih fca, which btan hcs off into fo
many crocks, Hcnred from all winds,
that it i:. 1 flccmed the fafcrt and mofl:
capacioi's harbntirin Great liritain. At
the eniranef;, on the w point, called St.
Ann'.s, is an oUI ii^hthoule and a block-
lionfc Here is a dock yard fur con-
ftriiiftinp king's fliips; aUo two batteries,
and an oKfrvaiovy The earl of Rich-
moml, afterward Hcniy vii, landed
here on hib enterprife againft Richard
J If. A pa( ket boat lails henc(? every
day, except 1 ucfday, for W'ateiford, in
Ireland. It is 7 tp s by w Haverford-
wed.aiiJ 262 vv by N London. Lon. 5
3 w, lat. 5t 44 N

Milfurd, a town of Delaware, in Suf-
fcx county, on the n iidr of Miifpilion
creek, 12 m w of its rnouth in Dela-
ware bay, and 19 s by E Dover

Milford, a town of Pennfylvanii, in
Northampton county, on ii:e w fide of
tielawate river, i zo m above Philadel-
pliia.

Milford, a town of Conneiflicnt, in
Newhavcn cour ty, on a creek of Long
Iflmd found, 10 tn -"^^s Newhavcn.

Milford, A'foy, a town of Connecili-
cut, ill Lichfield county, on the t fide
of the Houfatonic, ;o m sw Lichfield.

MI L

Mllfmiidt a town of Fr.Ti.ce, fn the
department of Aveiron, I j'. d on the
Tarn, j8 m sk KhodeH i-k! 50 nw
Montpcllier.

Milif/'r/i, a town of .Silrfia, capi;i|n(
a lordltiip of the futu! ' t*. It (land.j
on the liver Bartfch, o .he frontiii;, of
Poland, 27 in nnk UrtlLui. Lon. 17 j,
E, lat. ;i ,;j N.

MilUrih'Mn, a town of Pennfylvanl.i,
in Norlhamptoii county, on a branch
of Little Leij^h liver, 26 m i.w Kaftoii,
and .^4 N\w Philadelphia.

Milljtreft, a town of Ireland, in thf
county t)f ('ork, on the river Black-
w.iter, 2H m WNw Cork.

^JiHtoivn, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Kerry, near the river Mang,
7 in s by w Tralee.

Milo, the ancient Melon, an ifland of
the Archipelago, 50 m in circumfcr-
encc, with one of the belt and largeft
harbour* in the Mediterranean. It pro-
duces excellent fruit and wine ; abounds
in good cattle, cfpeciilly goats ; and
has mines of iron and fulphur. In this
i/land are curious fubterranean galle-
ries, the roofs of which are covered
with genuine capillary or plume alum,
and the crevices of the rocks filled with
pure fulphur. Here are two bifliops ;
one of the Greek, and the other of the
Latin church. On the k fide of the
ifland is a town of the iame nauie, 60 m
N Candia. Lon. 25 o f, lat. 36 41 N.
AJilos ; fee Lenia ■

Mi/tetiitrfr, n town of Germany, in
the late elecitorate of Mentz, with a caf-
tie on a hill ; ieated on the Maine, 26
m s.-'K Afchaflenbiirg.

Milthorp, a town in Weftmorland,
with a market on Tucfday. fcated on
the Betha, near the mouth of the Ken.
As the navigation of the Ken is obftriitft-
ed by a cat.iraft near its mouth. Mil-
thorp is the only port in the county,
and hence the fine Weftmorland flaies
and other commodities ar(> exported.
It is 8 m s Kendal, and 255 nnw
London.

Milton, a town of Maflachufets, in
Norfolk county, feated near the Napon-
fet, 7 tn s Bofton.

Milton, a town of Virginia, in Albe-
marle county, fituate on the Rivanna,
76 m wNw Richmond.

Milton, a town in Kent, with a mar-
ket on Saturday. It is noted for excel-
lent oyfttrs; and much corn, &c. is
fliippcd here for the London markets.
It (lands on the e bianch of the Med-
way, 14 m NE Maidltone, and 40 a
Londuu.

I' Fnr.ce, ;n tfir
.'. ' J'' il on th,

ol Pt'nnfylv;ini,i,
y. on a l)i;iiicii
6 m bW Eaftoii,
i.i.
Ireland, in t|if>
ic river Bl.ick-

M I N

3lillon, or J6/jtjf Milioitt a villigc \n
DorlVtlliire, 7 m s»w IJl.indrnrd. It
turiiierly li.id .lii al»l>cy. fi)iii)tl'*d l»y
|(iii}< Athenian; but the \vh(ii(.' wtti
Ivvipt away, cxcopt the cUiircli, in
1771, by tni! carl of D<trc'itUci . who
irctSUd on its lite a lar>;e 0»thic man-
lion, to which llu* ab'ii-y church if, now
1 privato chapel The villa[;i.*, with its
cliiirch and an almdiuuiv.', were built i)y
the lame nobleman.

Mina, a town of I't-rlla, in Kcrtnan,
with .1 ftrong foit. The honied arc well
built, and the country fur many miles
round abounds in cattle, dales, and
grain It is fcatcd on the Ibrahim, near
■ti. entrmccinto the ftrait<jf Or;nus, 190
m> Kit nun. I. on. 56 40 k, lit. 2640N.

MtHch, A l()und, or channel, on the w
coalt of Scodantl It liar, thf iflands of
Lewis, N and S Uifl, and Bara on tlie
w, and the iile of Sykc. Ruii>niire, and
Sutherlandlhiri* on the >■:.

Minciot a river of Italy, which iflTucs
from the lake Garda at Peichiera, forms
the lake that furroumls liie city of .Vlan-
lua, and afterward runs into tli»^ Po.

Minckendorf, a town of A u l> :*a, filuate
on the Trieffing, 6 m kne Uadin.

Mhtdanoa, the largeft of the Philip-
pine iflands, next to Luconia. It is of
ar? irregular figure, full of hills and val-
leys, and the mould is generally deep,
black, and fruitful- The fides of the
hills are ftony, and yet there arc tall
trees, of kinds not known in Europe ;
fome of the mountains yield very good
gold, and the valleys arc well watered
with rivulets. It produces the bread-
fruit ;:ree8, and all forts of fruit proper
to the climate, belide plenty of rice.
Here are horfes, beeves, buffalos, poul-
try, hogs, goats, deer, monkeys, guanasi
bats of a large fize, lizards, and fnakes.
The winds are eafterly one part of the
year, and wefterly the pther ; while the
former blow, it is fair weather; but
while the latter, it is rainy, ftormy, and
tempeltuous. In the s then; is a vol-
cano of conftant eruption, which ferves
as a feamark ; and near the centre is a
lake, called Lano, about 60 m in cir-
cumference. The Spaniards have fome
fettlements on the coafts, of which Sam-
buang in the w extremity is the chief.
Thf* illand is governed by a fultan, who
is abfoiute. The natives, called Kara-
foras, are of a mean low (lature, with
fmall limbs and little heads. Their
faces are oval, with flat forehflads, black
fmall eyes, fhort low nofes, and large
mouths Their hair is black and ftraight,
and their complexion tawny, but more
inclined to y«llow thau that of other

Indians. The chief trades arc gold-
finithi, blackfinithfi, and cii ptutfr!., and
they can biii d pr'tty good veflTcU for
tlic 'ea. 'I'he lulfiii has a (|uetn, brfidr
othvrr woiiu'n ; and all the men have iif-
V( ,,d wives; lor their religion is Moha-
ini'iiiiiiftn. 'I'heir houfes are built on
polh, and alctnd»d by ladders ; ihi'/
liavf but t)ne Hmoi-, which is ilivided
into iVveral rooms, and the roofn arc
covi-nd with pulmcto leaves. The capi-
tal is a l.irge city, of the fame name,
fealed on the t lidc of theifland. Lon.
121; o w, lat. 6 o N.

Mtndelheim, a town of Suabla, with
a calUe on a mountain. It is the capital
of a lorddiip, beiwecii the rivers Iller
and Lech, and a,i m sw Aiij^fburg.

Mindfti, a fortified town of Weftpha-
lia. capital of a principality of the lame
name. The cathrdral is a large ftruc-
turc, and near ic is a noble chapterhoulc.
Its convenient fituation for trade and
navigation, its biewciies, fugar houfes,
and wax-manufafture, are great advan-
tages to the inhabitants. Near this
town prince Ferdinand of Brunfwick
defeated ihe French in 1759. It isfeat-
ed on the Welcr, jj m t Ofnaburg.
Lon » 56 1:, lat. i^j 19 N.

Mindoro, one of the Philippine iflands,
50 m in circumteience, feparated from
Luconia by a narnivv channel. It is
full of mountains, which abound in
palm-trees, and all forts of fruit. The
inhabitants are pagans, and pay tribute
to the Spaniards.

M'tnehead, a borough and feaport in
Somerfetfliirc, with a market on Wed-
nefday. It has a good harbour on the
Briflol channel, for (hips of Lirgc bur-
den, and carries ou a trade in wool,
coal, and herrings. It is 3c m n Exeter,
and 163 w by s London. Lon. 3 34 w>
lat. 5 1 1 2 N .

Mineo, a town of Sicily, in Val di
Nota, 36 m NNW Noto.

Mingrelia, a province of Afia, which
formerly was a part of Georgia ; bound-
ed on the N by CircaflUa, e by Imerethi,
s by Guriel, and w by th^- Biacii fca.
It is governed by a *princf*, who was
tributary to the fovereign of Imerethi,
but in 1783 he put himfjif under ttie
protection of Ruflia. The face o^ this
country, its produAs, and the cuftoms
and manners of the inhabitants, .ir< mnt-
lar to thofe of Imerethi. The c.ipital is
Ruki.

Min/'io, a river of Spain, which rifes in
the NE part of Galici.-i, palTos by Lugo,
Orenfe, and Tuy, and dividing Galicia
from Portugal, enters the AtlantiCi at
Camiuha.

I \.n

i

I'^M

(11

mi. : m

1; ''

11 ::M!|ii"

■I

Mini^, .1 town of Kgypf, on the left
bank of (Tie Nile, 170 m s l.iyonrn.

Alinnr-vino, a town of Napleni in TrT-
ra «li Mari, n m wiw Tnni.

Miutrcttt ati iflin*! of thr Mf<1iterra-
ncan, lyiiijr s<J "^ 'o 'I'*-' ^^- of Majorca.
It iii 54 n\ li'ii); ai)<i 1 1 broiil i and in a
mountainous ct)untry, with I'omf fruit-
fill vaii«y!i. \N heat, barlry, and mai/e
arc cMilHvaii'd ; but much corn is iin-
portird from Sardinia. Vi-jfct iblfs are
product**! in abundance, and wild fowl
arc? found in (treat nunr\her. Thf ifMnd
contains feveral vt'ftigc* of the Komiins
and Moors. Minorca was taken from
the Snaniards, in 1708, by the EnpIilTi,
and confirmed to them by the treaty of
Utreiht. Th<* French took it in 1756;
but it was reftorcd in 1763. It was
taken by the Spaniards in 1781. and
confirmed to them by the peace of 178,;?.
It was again tai^en by iheEnglilh, with-
out the Idl's of a man, in 179H, and
given up by the> peace of iHoa. Citta-
della h the capital; but Mahon claims
greater cmifcquencf, on account of its
excel U-nt harbour.

Minori, a town of Naples, In Princl-
pato Citra, on the gulf of Salerno, 4 m
N£ Ama'fi.

Minjky a town of Lithuania, capital
of a palatinate of the fame name, with
two citadels. The country U pretty
fertile, and has foreds containing vail
numbers of bees, whofe honey makes
partof its riches. Minlk is 80 m enb
Nov' groileck, and 100 se Wilna. Lon.
a; ,s8 I'., lat. 5.1 46 n.

MintaotifAn ifland in the Indian ocean,
40 m long and 14 broad, on the wcoaft
oftheidand of Sumatra. Lun. 9738

E, l;it. O 25 9.

Miotans, atownand fortrefs of France,
in the department of Lower AIpp, I'eat-
cd on a craggy rock, 6 m ne Mont*
melian.

Miofsy a lake of Norway, in the pro-
vince of Hcdemarke, 90 m in circum-
ference. It is almoll divided by a ptn-
infula, and contains a fertile ifland 10
ni in circumference.

Miquilon, a fmall defert ifland, sw of
Cape Mary in Newfoundland, ceded to
the French in 1763. for drying and cur-
.. ing their fi(h. They were dirpoflcflcd
of it by the Kngliih in 1^93, and it was
reftured in 1802. Lon. 56 10 w, lat. 46

4Z N.

Mira, a town of Portugal, in Beira,
16 m Nw Coimbra.

Mirakat a town of European Turkey,
in Moiea, on the river Alpheus, and

MIS
Miranda, a town of Portugal, rupit*
of the province of Tra los Montci, and
a bilhop's lice. It wan once a forlrcf.*,
but in 1 76 J, when befieged by the Sp».
niardu, the powdT magazine blew up,
and dctlroyed the fortificalioni. It it
leated on a rock, by the river Houro,
.^2 m KsK Uragatr/a, and ii.{ rst
Oporto. Lon. 61a w, lat. 41 ^d k.

Mhiinda He Corvo, a town of Pt)rtu-
gal. in licira, 15 m sk Coimbr.i.

Miranda df I'.hro, a town of Spain,
in Old C'aJlile, with a caftle ; featid in
a country that produces excellent wine,
on the river Kbro, over which isu bridgC]
37 m NK Burgos, and 46 s Bilboa.

Mirandt, a town of Fr.incc, in the de-
partment of Gers. Wool, dv.rtii, and
the ftathrrs of geefe, are the principal
articles of trade. It is feated on an emi-
nence, near the river Baifc, 15 m sw
Aiich.

Mirande/at a town of Portugal, in
Tra lo» Monies, a8 m ne Lamego, and
30 flw Braganza.

Mirando/a, a city of Italy, in Mo-
denefe, capital of a duchy of its name,
and a bifhop's fee, with a citadel and a
fort- Befide the cathedral, it contains
many fine churches and convents. It ig
10 m NNE iModena. Lon. 11 19 k, lat.
44 Sa N.

Miravel, a town of Spain, in Ellre-
madora, with a llrong calth- ; feated on
the fide of a hill, 16 m s by w Placen-
tia, and 38 ene Alcantan.

MirtheaUi a town of France, in the
department of Vienne, famous for the
beauty and llrength of its aflcs. It is
14 m N by w Poitiers.

Mirecourt, a town of France, in the
department of Volges, famous for its
violins and fine lace ; feated on the
Modon, 15 m wnw Epinal.

Miremont, a town of France, in the
department of Dordogne. Near it is a
remarkable cavern, called Clufeau. It
is ii:atcd near the Vizere, 15 m s
Btrgerac.

Mirepoix, a town of France, in the
department of Arrfcge, and lately an
epifcopal fee; feated on the Gers, 15 ra
ENE Foix, and 43 sse Touloufe.

Mirow, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Mecklenburg, with a caf*
tie, 1 1 m w Strclitz.

Mifaj^no, a town of Naples, in Otran-
to, 9 m ssp Oftuni.

Mi/elmeri, a town of Sicily, in Val di
Mazara, at the foot of a chain of hills,
9 m SSE Palermo.

Mjfitra, a town of European Tur-

the ruins of the ancient 01ympia> j6 m key, the largeft in Morea, and an arch
NW Tripohzza. bilhop'j fee, with a citadel. Theprin

iiol) dv<««ii, and
•<• the principal
fati-d on nn emi-
Baifc, 15 m sw

jples, in Otran.

MIS

(ipal church is onr of the fincft in the
tvorld, niul n<>ur it it a in.igiiiKcent
liilpital. Then; i« a great number of
( hriniauH. and in mnny Jcwi, that they
fijvi* three lyn.igogucs. In its vinnitjr
,ire tlic ruins of thir ancirnt Spirta.
Mifitra was lalcon by the Venetians in
i6Hr ; but the Tnrivs rirtoolc it. Jri
i:;o it was takfn by th«f Kuflians. It
ItiiulHon tht> lide of .1 tnoiiutain, near
liie frif a branch uf the Vafdipotamo,
',0 m a Tripoiiz/a. Lon. as j6 U| lat.

j? »4 N'

Mi/hia ; fee Meijin.
^{\ffiffippi, a l.irge river of N Ame-
riuM, which ft'paratei the United States
ami W Florida fr(*m I<ouili<ina. Its
fourcc in from the t fide of Ktd Cedar
like, in lon. 95 a w, iat. 47 j8 n ; and
its lenjjth thence to tlie gulf of iVKxico
is about 3000 miles. The tributary
ftrciims arc numerouSi the largcd of
which arc the MilFoiiri and Arkan/a
from the w, and the Illinois and Ohio
from the R. The gtU'Tal courle of the
iliflllTippi Is from n to • ; below the
influx of the Ohio it is exceedingly
crooked, and in it are many fmull inandn.
The water of this river is clear till it
rtceives the JVliffouri. It is navigablct
without any material obltruiftions, to
St. Anthony FalU, in lat. 44, whfre
the ftream, more than 600 y.irds wide,
falls perpendicularly 16 feet ; and the
rapid below, in the fpace of 300 yards,
renders the defcent 58 feet more, and
the width is here contradled to 210
yards. Above thefe falls the river is
confined between high hills, and has a
number of rapids and hard tipples,
caiifed by rocks and iflands. Higher
up, the conntry is more open, with
fine meadows, to the fall of i'akagama
in lat. 47 18, which has a ihoot zo yards
wide and ao feet deep over a flat rock.
On both fides the river are fait fprtngs,
which produce excellent fait; and the
adjacent country is equal in goodnefs
to any in N America. It enters the
gulf of Mexico by four mouths; the
principal one, which is the se pafs, at
[ the ifland of Bulaile.

^^UffiJJippi, a territory of the United
States of America; bounded on the n
by the ftate of Tennell'ee, e by Georgia,
s by W Florida, and w by the river of
[ its n;ime, v\ hich feparates it from Loui-
fiana. In ibio it contained 40,^52
I inhabitants.

Mijjouri, a large river of Louifiana,

I formed by the jundion of three ftreams

in lon. no 5 w, lat. 45 13 N. It flows

upward of 3000 m in a very flexious

BSE direftion, to the Mifliflippi, which

MIT

t* Joint in lon. 90 o, lat. 38 55> but there
is ii broader and deeper river, and in fait
the principal Itrcam. In 18^4-;, br
dirf'tion ol the gofernment of the Uni-
ted Statfs, It was afcendcd its whole
ltn)(th by captains Lewis and Clatke,
who gave the names of Jctl'terfon, .Madi-
fon, and Gallaiin to the three rivcrt
that form the head ol the .VlilTouri ; and
tlu'y alcendi-d Jefferftn taitH fource 105
m, 80 of which is navigable* for canoes.
The MilTouri in deep and rapid, and re-
ci'ives niimcrouu rivers in its courfc.
many of them of conliderable extent. It
contains many iflands and fandbanks.
and fonie rapids ; and about 330a m up
are fomccufcades and falls; the fird and '
largcft fall 98 feet, and the whole 363
feet in the (pace of 17 m. The banks,
except a Iterilu diftrift below the falls,
are in general rich and beautiful: iu
fome parts arc extenlivc meadows, with
hills beyond them covered with trees ;
in othei 3, lower down, are long chaini
of high hills of a dark colour, great quan-
tities of which are wafhed into the river
by rains, and the force of the current,
which caulcs a mnddinefs that never
liiblides. If this riviT be regarded a?
the chief river that conftitutes what is
called the Mifliflippi, the Miflburi will
be above 4200 m in length.

Mijlaffln J.ake, a lake of New Drl-
tain, lying k of the 3 part of Jameo
bay, and furroiinded by mountains
called the Great Milluflins. It is above
250 m in circuit, of a very irregular
Ihape, being much interii;:ded by long
and narrow projetSions of land, and
contains feveral iflands. It is formed
of the Miftaflin and other rivers from
the mountains, and its outlet is the
river Rupert.

Mijiretto, a town of Sicily, in Val di
Demona, and a biihup's fee ; feated on
the Sacanalle, 60 m ese Palermo, and
7 a wsw Meflina.

Mitc/iam, a village in Surry, 7 m sw
London. It is feated on the Watidle,
on which are fome fnuff-millb, and
calico-printing manufadures.

Mitcheldean, a town in Gloucefter-
fliire, with a market on Monday, feated
at the N extremity of the foreft of Deun,
12 m w Gloucefter, and 116 w by w
London.

Mitche/Jlowtif a town of Ireland, in
the county of Cork. Here is a college
for the lupport of la decayed gentle-
men and as many gentlewomen. It it
27 m N by K Cork, and 28 wsw
Clonmel.

Mittau, a city and the capital of
Courland, with a large ducal palac*.

»H4

HK

■H

i (

■4 ,

i

MOC

The WiitU and ino*^ of Ihf towi^ .irr
deciiycd ; the lutufv^t '<" t'*'* )n<>(l p>'t,
bavr nu p'irtii.uldrLlrK<4iic< \ itul a grc it
many ((aiilcns .iiui optii placci arc con-
tainnl within iti circuit. Ilrrrare twu
I.utltcrnti chtirchrt, n (f.^utit'iil C.ilvin-
id i-liiircli, Aiul .1 popilli cliiiM-l). It i*
tcAtcd (»ti till' A,i, 15 m aw Ri^ai and
ISO NNw Wilnd. Lun. aj 50 k, Lit.

56 40 K.

MiultuvaU, a town of Siberia, in the
county of Oiatt, fcated on the NcilTc,
u«iir it* fuurce, 18 m 1 Olatz.

Mttlfunumld, a town of Bav.nria, in
the county of Werdt-nfciu, on the river
Ifer, 12 m N Infpruc-

J^itten<wa/ii, a town of Brandenburg,
in tht< Middle mark, t6 m ^ii Berlin.

Mitterkurg, a town <»f Iftri.i, capit.*\l
of a county uf the fame nami*, with a
caftic on a rock, 15 Ri w Fiume, and
30 SB 'I'rlcft.

MokiU, a river fornried bythejiinc-
tinii of the Tumbiche and Taicaliola
in the Mifliflippi territory. Atter flow-
ing too m s it i<:par4tes into two (Ireamsi
which foon afti-r enter into W Florif'a.
The river to the w retains the nanne of
Mobile, that to the b takes the name of
Tenlaw ; bodj are equally n,«vigable,
and they run nearly parallel into iVJo-
bile buy, which extends 1 1 leagues s to
the gulf of iVlcxico.

Mobile, a city of W Florida, formerly
of confiderable importance, but now in
a ftate of decline. It has a rtKular for-
trel's of brick, a neat Iquarc of barracks,
and many elegant houfcs. It Uanda on
the w fide of the mouth of a river and
at the head of a bay of the fame name,

?ie m wNW Penfacola. Lon. 8U iV w,
at. 4037 N.

Mocarangrtf or Mocara, a kingdom
on the coait of Calfreria, midakcniy
called Monomotapa, which iu the title
of the monarch. It is bounded on the
N by Monoemugi. f, by the M ilain-
btque channel, s by Sufala and Manica,
and w by unknown regions- It has
fevcral rivers, of which the Zambcra is
the chief ; is fertile in rice, milh.-t, and
fugar-canes, which lall grow without
cultivation; and the palluics feed vnlt
multiuides of cattle, eipecially of the
larger Ibrt, but not any horlcs. There
are a great many ollriches, wild bends,
and elephants; and iiiver.il mines uf
cold and filver. The natives are all
black, with woolly hair, and go naked
almoil as low as the girdle, but thence
downward are covered with a piece of
cloth of various colours. That of the
common people is of died cotton ; but
perfoni of quality wear Indian lilks, or

MOD

cotton, «nthroid>'red with gold, ovrr
which tliry conin >tily have titr (kin o|
(ome wild licift, Mith the tail h;ingiii,(
behind, and tniting on the ground
Tite mm h.ivc as injny wives at they
choofc tdtake. Their religion ii j,,.
g.«iiiliii { but tht-y believe in one (iuj
wlio created the world. The Portu.
guete had a fcttlemcnt here in 1^60,
but thiy were all murdered, or forced
awfly. The houfcs are built of wood,
and covered with plafter ; but then
arc very fevtr towni. Madrogan ii the
capital.

Mocaumptur, a town of Napaul, with
a hill fort, capital of a dillri^t of the
I'.ime name. It is fiiuate on the Kurri,
48 m s!!K (.'atmandu, and ij6 u Palm.
Lon. 85 A7 u, lat. a; 35 N.

Mocha, or Mokot a town of Arabia,
in Yemen, feated on a linall bay of the
Red ft'.i, near the ftrait of Babelmandel.
On each of the points of land, which
encloiir the road, is a fort \ but they
are wretched ftrudtures. The town ii
of a circular form, furrounded by «
wall, in which are fix gates. It carriei
on a great trade, eipecially in coffee j
and the inhabitants are computed at
i8,oco, without including the Jewi,
who inhabit the luburbs. The women,
except a fmall number of the common
liirt, never appear in the itrects in the
daytime, but vifit each other in thi:
evening : they have little bulkins of
morocco leather ; and over their drefi
they wear a large veil of painted calico,
The Brilifli, from HindooAan, atprefcnt
engrofs almoft exclufively the trade of
thin place. It nands in a barren plain,
140 in ssw Sans, and 630 ^»e Mecca,
Lon. 44 25 E, lat. 13 10 s.

Modain, or Madain, a town of Afiatic
Turkey, in Irak-Arabi, on the fite of
the ancient Crefipon, by the river Ti«
gris. 21 m ssB Bagdad-

Modbury, a town in Devonfhire, with
a market on Thurfday, and a manu-
fa(flur»' of plufli; feated between two
hills, 36 m bSvv Exeter, and 208 wsw
London.

Modena, or Modene ty a duchy of
Italy, 65 m long and 35brpad; bound-
ed on the w by Parma, n by Muiitua, I
E by Ferrareft, B'logncle, and Tiif-
cany, and s by the republic of Lucca.
It includes the duchies of Mir^ndula
and Reggio. The loil is fertile 111 coin,
wine, oil, and fruit of different kindi.
It alio feeds a great number of cattle.

Modena, a fortified city of lialy, ca-
pital of Modeneie, and a bilhup's lire,
with a citadel, and a magnificent col-
lege. The cathedral) feveral of the

)

*'»fh gold, ovrr
luvn thr (kin o|
the t.iil h:inj{i„u
<»n thi: ground
y vvivn aithcy
r religion ii p,.
icve in one (;oj
l<i. The l»ortu.
t here in 1560,
.l«TetJ, or forced
e built of wood,
»rter ; but tli«r»
Madrogan ii the

ofNapauI, with

a diftricfl of the

lie on the Kurra,

»nd ij6 N Palna.

town of Arabia,

Imall bay of the

of Babelmandej.

!i of land, which

fort ; but they

es. The town ii

furrounded by t

gatei. It carriei

ecially in coffee j

ire computed at

Jding the Jew«,

38. The women,

:r of thr common

the Itrccis in the

ich other in the

little bulkins of

over their dreft

of painted calico.

looAan, atprefent

vely the trade of

in a barren plain,

630 bsE Mecca.

[Q N.

atownofAfutic
i, on the file of
by the river Ti«

I.

Devonfhire, with
y» and a m.»nu.
cd between two
:r, and 208 wsw

e e, » duchy of |
Sbrrad; bound-
I, N by Mjtitua,
;nc(b, and Tuf-
public of Lucca,
es of Mir;«n{li)la
is fertile in co'ii,

different kmdi.
nbtr of cattle.
;ity of Italy, ca-
I a hilliup'tt i'ee,
magn.fuent col-

feveral of the

MOff

(liurched. niwl (ome of th»* m'lnnftf rici,

,rr h.iMiKniiu (IiikIum*! The dtical

IpjI.iC** i» of ♦•" (^tr, ficlily fnr'iiilird,

L,hI c<»itJiiii Arte unniuwi. The in*

liihitin •. rilim iftif ;i' lOiOvo, iifc laid

L, nii»i- 'III. lictl H) fks III ill Itniy. it

it leated (hi w^ n »li uvort S*. •. >iii4 .ind

PinAro, J4 m 1) by *■ Ma> IIM. .thtl 60

KNvv Florence I.kii ii h *, lat.

44 u ^ •

ShJica, I town c* 8' iiy, in Val di
ffitto, cipit.il «»f a iniiiiy D' itu ii.imr,
th( '>nly one in the iflaiid. and endowtd
wi',i'itii).'illHrprivilrgc« It hut wo h.iiid'
fn !■ .•I'liicliiN, feveral tonvenl», p ilac«'H
fill hi t:<»vfrn(ir, and <tiliM public "Hl-
Ja-i 'l'l>e vicinity in rich in corn,
hiinp. locla. fruit, wine, and oil. and
abound"' in (h' »*p and cattle. Th«r in-
hibif*'i"'i ertiir'.iie>l at 14.000, have a
coiilllerable tnnle with Milta It in
iMitil on the .Nc«'llar(). 17 in w by N
JSfoio Ljii 14 .S4 »■. In'- 36 IS ^'

Mndon, A Ikioiig town ot Europerin
Tu'W y. Ill Morea, and a hilh ip'K l«.'c,
wiihafafe harl>our. It i* li'ittd on a
promonttny pnijcifling into ihe (c.-i i)f
Sapien/a. 15 m w Coron. Loii. ai .}i

ti la'- .36 5,' '"•

Mo Ii ; Ice Mifurs.

Mjcj.irch, \ tnwii of Suahi.i. in the
principality of FurllciiDUig, 18 m n
Coiiltmce.

Moffat, a town of Scotland, in Dnm-
frienlhne, near tlie nvei Aninii, tn-
compnlTi'd on all lid<•^, except the s,
by lulls of differ.nl heights. It» dc-
lightfui (iiujtion and inim ral IpringH at-
tract ii'uch company. It is 30 m n by
E DiimtVit"!.

Moffiit Uith, the highell mountains
of lilt s of Scotland, on the n border
of Dnrnfiiejlhire. Havtfel, the mod
ekvHied. in 3300 feet above the level of
the fpa. Tfit-y tc d numerous flocks
offhetp; .-nid from them delcend, in
different diieifli ns, the Tweed, Clyde,
and Annan, whole fourccs are but little
dillnnt from each other.

MofraJor, a town of the kingdom of
Morocco, with a h.irbour for vefTcls of
a miildling fizc- It i.s liirrounded by
walls, with batteries, and at high tides
is almolt enctimpalTed by the lea. The
ftreetsi are all in ftraight lines, and
contain a great number of haiidfome
hoiifis. The port is formed by a chan-
nel, between the mainland and .nn iflanJ
of the fame name above amile in length,
on which is a ftrong caflle. It is 90 m
wsw Morocco. Lon. y 35 w, ht. 30 a8 k.

Mogutr^ a town of Spain, in Andalu-
fia, near the moulh of the Titito, 48 m
w Setille.

Mori

Mofintt, « town of Lower IIiiMfriry«
In itic couiiiy of Duianiwir. llcr«*
Loiii.tt'>>- l.ilt kintt ot lluiifary, in \f,i6t
was ibtrattd by the Tiirkii 11 ..fer
R<ilim.in 11. wi'h the lof* <>f aa.ogo
rr«n, nrid 4flet th- b 11 tie lufluca'eil by
tl.v fall ot hia liorfe III a inii idy brook.
I.t i<)87, aiiotlicrbaiile wai hiiit(ht here,
becwc' n tlu Cliri'timis commanded by
prince Ch.irlen ot Lorr.iin, a ul the
I'urkx, who weic defe.itid with the lots
of 10,000 mm, their c.innoii and bag>
gage. It 1h iiated it the conln.x of the
< oraffe with the Danube, )j m n by k
Llfck.

\fohn<wk llitur, a river of the ftate
of Ni»v Yoik, which riles ai? m to the
N ot Fori 8'aitwix, p.ilTeN by that fort,
J'lhnltowii, and S^enedtady, and enters
lliiiifoii river, 8 m above Albany.
Three in above its jun(ition with the
liidfoii it has a cataract, where the
iti'tam, .'ibove 300 yards wide, has a
rapid defccnt of 30 feet, and then falls
perpendn ularly about 40 feet. A mile
n< low the falls iit a handfome bridge,
and immediately belo w it the river di-
vidis inf«) ihir-e branches, and fnrmi
ffvtral illaiuin. This river is navigable
for boats fri)m Skenet'tady nearly to its
fourct ; and the produce tliitt i.^ con-
veyed down the river is landeil ai Ske-
ne(^tady, and thence fciit by land 16 in
to Albany.

Moliiln, one of the Comora iflands,
between the n end of Madagaicar and
the continent of Africa. The inland
put.) are mountainous jnd woody, and
there are icveral villages, wbyic hou!<:s
are made of r;.'eds and llraw. The
people are black, with great heads,
larg(> lips, flit iioles, Iharp chins, and
ftrong limbs. Some of the inhabitant*
are ivlohamedans, who have a few
wretched mofques, built ot wood and
flraw withou', and matted neatly with-
in. This illand produces plenty of
rice, peas, honey, cocoa-nuts, plantains,
oranges, lemons, citrons, pineapples,
cucumbers, tamarinds, and fugar-canes.
It has a t^ood road for fliips. Lon. 43
50 K, lai. 12 35 R.

Mohilef, or Mofr'tU-Vt a government
of the Ruirian empire, comprifing a part
of Lithuania, diliiiembered from Poland
in 1771.

MohtUf, a town of Lithuania, capital
of a Ruffian government of the fame
name. By the divifion of Poland in
1773, it was ceded to Ruffi?, with its
territory, and ere<fled into an arch-
bifhopricof the Roman church, with an
affiiUnt bifhop. It has a confiderabic
trade, and is iituate on the Dnieper, 34*

•:i}

I

I )

^ y

If

M (> L

m INK WArftw. «rul .«64 « PrtcrfburK
Lon. 39 14 i| Ut. St u '^

MthUI, A town of lr> Uiid, in tbf C0Uli>
if of l.((tiinn, 9 m K Currlck.

.yffihrin, A town of Br.i>wlnihufjf, In
Ihr N^'w m.irk, iH rn n n »v Ciilfrln

M-iltrtini^rn. .1 town of Piiilli.i. in \\\t
province of ObcrLtiiii, (Itti.tti* on .1 i.ik*-
of the fime n^mf, wliich alfrnft I'ur-
ronniii it. ilcr'* ii an oKI cnftir, for-
mrrly a convent , helongin^ 10 the knighti
of thr T«Mitonic ortler, in conri(|tieiicc
o' whofe w.iri K\\v. town lun frrqnriitly

|.o,

MO I.

prtHhic^ rorn, pullf, hon^y, ^y^^
I'riill, with plenty of irnmr aiui i<>w .'
The iiih.iliit«ntt Arc Chrifliun* nf 1 ,
Greek church. By thr treaty ot
in iNii, the part of thi* coiintry
Ihi- riviT I»riuh wm ceilcti to Unu ,
J.tdy kintt Cliotxin arc the prni«ip4|
town*

Mole, « river in Aiirryi which riiciim
the hordcri of flnlTVx, (I'tw^ n iA|)iirk
iriff, and pAtTiug hcofath Huk tlili, n
TjM to dii.tpi)fiir in lt« vicinity, and tu
rid" ng lin nciir (.e.ithcrhead, whenci-ii

fiiflfrad ft \% tf\m i«w KoniKfb' rg, f1ow«toCi)hhitm,4ndrntri>thi.Thjm(i,

and *,u «iL Datit/ic.

Mvatjk, a town of KuiTla, in the
fovrrnmcni of Molcow. of conlidcr-
ahio extent, and fortin<(|. ft i« Ittiiati'
nr-ar thi- Mofkv.i, rio m vv^w Molcow.
Mei/ah, \ town and f)it of Ar.ihia
Petre.J, on tl>ec«uft «)f the Rtd fca, ijo
m fl Acab.i, and iflo n\v Medina. Lon.
.13 v *^. I«t. a; JO N.

Moint, A town of Ircl.indi in the roun*
ty of Down, with a linen m;uiur.»Cliire»
and a hrantiful I0.1t belonging to r.irl
MoIm, 6 m NW Diomorc, and ij sw
Bclfaft.

Mfiirans, a town of France, In the
dcpaitmiTt of Here, on the rivci ICcre,
is m it. Vicnntv

MoiJ/hc, a town of Fmnc«', in the
department of I.ot, with a trade in corn
and flour ; (cated on the Tarn, mar iti
conllux with the Garonne, i,i m nw
Moivtauhan.

Mola (it Bitri, a town of Naples in
Terra di Bari, on the gulf of Tenice, 17
m P. Bnri.

Mola di Ciieta, a town of Naples, in
Terra di Larora, fcatcd near the lea,
3 ni NK Gacia.

MoU, a townof WaleH, in Flintfhire,
with a market on Saturday. The afll/es
are held here. 'I'he number of itihabit-
ants was 4235 in 1801. and 5083 in
1811. It ftands at the foot of a lofty
mount, on which was formerly acartic,
5 m ssK Flint, and 188 nw London.
Lon. a 59 w, lat. 5.3 12 tt.

Moldavia, a province of Turkey, in
Europe, afio m long and from 30 to
130 broad; bounded on the n by Po-
land, from which it is alio divided on
the NE by tin. Dnicllcr, k by New Ruf-
fia, Bcdarbia, and Kuli,'aria, from
which lalt it is parted by the Danube,
sw by Wallachi;i, and w by Tianlyl-
vania. The oth-'r principal rivers are
the Pruth and Scrcih. The w part is
mountainouH, and there arc ibme nn-
tultivatfd dclVrts ; but it abounds in
^ood pafturcs, which fied a jjrcat num

npnofitt lUmpton Court.

t^loU, a cipe of 8t. Domingo. ^t%
Siehel.u, St.

Afoffittii, a town of N.ipl«'», In Tcm
di H.tri, I'eateil on thi: gulf of Vomer,
irt in w by N Uaii.

MoliiTfi, a ttwn of France, in ih?
depirlmont otLot, 1 nn n Montaulun,
and I A > ('.ihorN,

Molina, :i ftrong town of Spain, in
New Ciiftilc, lented on thr Ciallo, in 4
territory abontiding in pallurci, 50 m
P.N a Siguen/.t Lon 1 3.) w, lat 41

10 N.

Moli/f, a county of Naplei, in the
form of a triangle, whofc fulei are jij
m long, lying betwcon Terra di L.i-
vura, Abtu7/.o Citra, Capit.mata, aiid
Principato Ultra. It ii a moutainoui
country, but frrtile in corn, wine, laffron,
and lilk. It fuflcred much dainajje by
an earthquake in itu^, and upward ut°
io,ooo of the inhabitants pcriihcd.

Metife, u town of Naples, capital of
a county of the fame name, with a
caflle. It is jo m nnb Naples. Lun.
14 4? E, lat. 4( 36 M-

AJal/cn, a llrong town of Lower S.ix-
ony, in thedncliy of Lautnburg, liatcd
on the Sttckenilz, 14 ms Lubec

Molodfjfno, a t'>wn of Lithuania, In
the ualatniate of Wilna. Here, on No-
vember 19, 18 13, Bonaparte abandonod
tlie wretched remains of hi» great army;
liirrounded by an elcort of «inicers, he
Hod to Smorgoni, where a detachment
feiit from Wilna condudled him 10 that
city, and thence he immediaitly fled in
dilguife for France. Molodegno is 38
m NW Minflc, and 7a E!>it Wilna.

Moljhtim, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Rhine, feated on
the Brufch, 10 m w by s Strafburg.

Moluccas, or Spice Ijlands, a number
of iflands in the Indian ocean, lying c
of Celebes. They include thofe from
Mortay in the n to IJanda in the s, and
from Mylbl in the E to Bouro in the
w. The other principal ones are Gi-

bei of hurfcsi oxcn> and iliccp} italfu lulo, Cerara, A(nboynu|Ouby,TernatC}

il,# Utt rtve. I
oriinial Mob
hut ihr aplH
tucept Ciilnl
corn, ric«, nu
Ifinon*. anil
„«nvW.ilde i'

and nutmcK*'
iivNe^ydann
the Ihorci the
o(g ...tvariei
lyi-idoUtcrsl
medan*. Th'
l,y the Poll I
(titleinentu
tvv.iy. about
in ifti')i thi-
pfodute, uni
in three ye.ir
ylo* of the E
liheilieii. arii
mull exqnili
tltmont ot tl
Mol^ijilx.'
principality
tic gained
Auftri.in8 ii
Mombazi
7/mgueb.»r.
ful.1, whicli
.in dl.iiid. \
the ifthnui«
citadel, hai
large vefl'cl
commcic*'
doms adiac
export flav
and other
fvipplythe
king of Ml
a(iuarrcl v
took the c;
medan, an
in 163 1 ; '
became m
Mombaza

Momn'i

linfadurt

the Nile,

Mompi

the provi

bank of

Carthag<

Montt;

Baltic, t

from wt

channel

Mono

capital

fame na

and the

bour t»

.-„-n»*«?is«;-

Ithriniun, of I),

iinit cotmery p. ,f
jic.lol to K,,,,,^

, "H Box 11,11.
f''"d. whfMf,.,.

|nri. '

Dotulngo. .S,j

N'pK'», in Tern

KUlf of Vc-Bicr,

f I'uricf, in thj
'" ^ Moi.Uuba,,,

'" •' «)f Spain, ia

" UK-fJalio. in J

' P'/ltirti, 50 n»

' J.J w, I.ii. ^,

■ ^'•ipN, in thf
"«''»• (ulei !\rv M
•" 'IVrra di i,.
A'apitanata, a,,j
'^ a nioutainoiii

>rri,winc,(aHron,
nutli il.iinaiir hy

• and upward ot'
!»•< piriftied.
'^plfs. cipiml of
name, with a
« ^«plei. Lon.

fi of Lower S;ix.
lutnburg, icatej
1 •> LuLec.
if Lithuaiii.i, In
HiTP, on No-
5arlc abandoned
'"•i» great army;

of officers, he
■ a detachment
ft'd liim to that
it'di-iitiy fled in
»'odej,'no is ^8
•^W.lna. ^
I'rance, in the
ii'if, fcMtedon

Strafljurg.
"</j. a number
"cean, lying e
Jc thofe from
« in the s, and

Bouro in the

ones arc Gi-
uby, Temalc,

MOy

Twlore. Molir» MAchUn, And BjchiAfi t
Ili# tilt Avfi l)in| w uf (illolo, Are (lit
ori|tiMt Miiliui4« ftrKlly l<> I'ilird .
hut Ihr uppctUtion li now i-ilrndcd.
tKcrpt (iiiolu. they prcMliicv iiruhcr
corn, rice, nor catttr, but h.i«f orangrt,
|i-inui)«. aiul oth''r fruitit and arc nioft
rtin.tfl«.il.|«r f<ir (uku, rfprcialty clovi-a
•lid nutmcKi. They h4v<- Li^e fnakri,
in'l very din||crou» l.ind croccNtllri On
th< lh')rei their arr Urge rucki of coral,
olg •■.«» variety 4nd lic.uily. Thcnitivr»
art: iitdbtcrii nut there are many Mulu*
medant. 'I'hry wriredircoverrdiu i{ii»
hy the Poitugurfi', who formed liime
fittle.nentit but the Dutch drovt.tni'm
«\v.iy, about thf yrir iftj? Hy a treaty
in tftti), the I'.ii^lilh h.ul onrthird of the
producCt und the Dutt h two thirds ( but
in tlirc*' yf.ird after, the Uiter forced .\

f)\o' of the El glilh againi) their livn^md
iheitie*. and put thrm to drath hy the
moll rxquilitr torturci. The chief fet-
tirmrnt ttf the Dutch wan in Ambuyn.i.

Afo/v^ijz, a town of Silefia, in the*
principality of Hrii'i;, tamoiit fur a b^it*
tie gained by ihe Pmniunt over the
AuHrians ill 1741. It 1* 4 m w Hrieg.

Mombifza, a city «ii the coall of
Zuigm-b.ir. It wai feited on a penin-
fiil.i, which has been iinco turned into
an lil.tiid. by cutting a c:mal ihr«)ii^h
the inhmuf. It ii drlViuied by a 0 >iig
citadeli har a commodioui harbour for
large vi-fl'cU, and ciriicii on a great
commcice with the illmd* and king-
doms aitjacont. Hence the Portuguclit
export flaves, gold, ivory, rice, (k-lli,
and other proviiionn, with which they
fwpply Ihe fcttkmenti in Rrafil. The
king (if Meliiid.1, t)eing a Chrillian, had
aquarrcl with the Port ugucle governor,
took the caflle by aflault, turned Moha-
medan, and murdered all the Chriftiani,
in i6ji; but, in 1729, the Portugiiefe
became mafteru of thi> territory again.
Mombaza it 75 m ssw Mclinda. Lon.
39 10 E. lat. :^ 15 5.

Momjiot, a town of Egypt, with ma-
mifadurts of linens, on the left bank of
the Nile, so m nnw Siout.

Mompo, a town of Terra Firma, in
the province of Carthagcna, on tin; left
bank of the Madalena, 120 ra tsv.
Carthattena.

Mcna, an ifland of Denmark, in the
Baltic, to the sw of the ide of Zealand,
from which it is feparated by a narrow
channel. Stegc is the chief town.

Monaco, a fortified feaport of Italy,
capital of a fmall principality of the
fame name, between the county of Nice
and the territory of Genoa. The har-
bour ig good, but n«t deep enough for

MOM
larft vrfTiU) uid the principal riporl
li olive oil. Hcilde Ihf cii4dt I und o' ht r
fottiht'Ailona, it K ii4tiii.illy vrry Hroii)',
bciuK I atrd on iiii.i)rgy Ktvk (hat pro*
jecU uit.i (III) r<a. It >• I a m bmh Nice*
Lon. 7 JO K, Ui. lii 44 N.

Mtmijiffntn^ a county of IrH.md, (rt
ihe proviiiiif of Ulileri n m Umg 4iul
a a broad ( bounded on the h by Tyruiif *
I by ArrniiKh, •» by Louth, aw bv
C ivan, iind w by I'trnuiugh It ii> full
of woutti and boy*, ami 4 third part of
it taken up by Loutch Erne. Iicuntaini
•4p'<ri(he«, and about 117,000 inhabit-
antii, and iciidi two memberi to par*
llament.

M'jimg/uin, a borough of Irelandt
capital of (tie c«>unty of the lamt name.
It wai> fortilled with j ciftle and a fort,
airaiiill the Irifli, in the iokii of (jurett
Llilibeth. It ii 1 1 m I l>y w i)uii>:aiinon,
and 76 NNw Dublin- Lon. 7 4 w, lat.
34 1^' N.

Monnjietr, a town on the v coaft of
Tuiiit, leated near a cape of it> njtnc,
1$ m r. by h Sulii.

MonajlertvtH, * town of Ireland, In
the county of Kildare, on the river Uar«
row, 7 m w Kildarc.

AJenh/anf, a town of Spain, in Cata-
lonia, on the river I'rancoli, 16 m n nw
Tarragona.

Montmltitry u town of Piedmont,
featfd on an eminence ncir the i'o, j m
«B Turin.

Moncn/vo, a town of Piedmont, in
Moiiticrrat, fcated on u mountain, n
m Hw Calal.

Mo'icaon, a town of Portugal, in
F.iiiir Douro e Minho, with a (Irong
calllc. The Spaniards have often at-
tempted to take it, but in vain. It ii
Icuted near the Minho, 24 tn m Hragu.

Monclhiltout a city of tlu- kin>;dotn of
Birmah, which was only a fmall town
in 1751, under the government of Alnm-
pra, who loon afterward became the
deliverer of his country, and the con-
queror of Peru. It is 40 m N Um-
merapoora.

Moncon, a town of Spain, in Arragon,
withacaAle; featcd at the conflux of
the Sola with the Cinca, 10 m ssk Bal-
badro, and 50 k Sarajfoira

Ahncontour, a town of France, fn
the department of Cotes du Nord, 1%
m 85E St. Brieuc.

Mtncontour, a town of France, in the
dipartnicntof Vienne, ay m nw Poitiers.

Monddxo, a river of Portugiil, which
hab its iource near Guarda, ciofTes
Beira, by Coimbra, and enters the At-
lantic, near a cape of the lame name.

Mondonnedoi a city of Sp."in^ in Qa-

1!

4'

^MuSi

:%/

Mi

i"i

M <> N

licia, and a bifhop's iev ; fc;iti'd in a
fiTtilp country, on a I'mall livtr, 60 m
NE Compoftclla. Lon. 7 ij w, lit.

43 'o N.

MoitdotibUau, a town 01 Irancc, in
the department of liOn* and Cher, wiih
acaftle, 15 m nnw Ven(1i)me.

Mondavi, a fortififd town of Piud-
mont, and a bilhop's lee. Bcfide tlic

cathedral, it has fiv hurchcs, a univcr-

fity, and 12 convents. Thr vicinity
yields excellent wine, good cheftnuts,
and 6ne marble- In 1796, the French
i^ lined a vidory here over tht^ Auf-
trians, which mail** them matters of
the dates ot *.he kin^ of Sardinia. It is
featcd on a mountain, near the river
Elero, 14 m K Coni. Lon. 8 3 k, lat.

44 *5 N.

Mondra^on, a town of Spain, in Bif-
cayi near which are fom** medicinal
iprings, and a f.imons mine of ^xc.•llcnt
iron. It is 24 m S8W St. Scbaftian.

Mondraj^on, a town of France, in the
department of Tarn, u m nnw Caftres.

Mondra^one, a iuwn of Naples, in
Terra di t^avor;?, ctleliiiited for its irc-
dicinal w,«tcr ; feated near ti»e fta, 13
m Nw Capii;s.

Monemlia ila ; fee y^apoti di Mnlvajia

Monet/gall, a town of Ireland, in
King county, 28 m wsw Maryborough,
and <8 aw Philiptown.

Money mo e, a town of Ireland, in the
connty of Londonderry, 13 m n by e
Dungannon, and ,35 se Londonderry.

Monjia, an ifi.Tnd on the coaft of
Zanguebar. to thu riEof Quiloa, tri-
butary to Portugal. Lon, 40 50 e, lat.

7 50 s.

Monflnn^uirif a town of France, in '^he
department of Lot and Garonne, %'j m
NNE Agen.

Monfarte, a town of Spain, in Ga-
licia, with acaftle, 19 m nne Orenfe.

Monfortct a town of Portugal, in
Beira, 17 m .'^e Caftel Branco.

Monfortiy a town of Portugal, in
Alentejo, 11 m s Portalegre.

Monfirte, a town of Portugal, in Tra
Ids Monte'i, 20 m w by v Braganza.

Monghiry a town of^^ Hindooftan, in
Bahar, with a fort, feated on the right
bank of the Ganges, 80 m e by 1 Patna,
and 230 NNW Calcutta. Lon. 86 36 e,

lat. 25 24 N.

Mongulst Country of they or Wejlern
Chinefe Tartary, a region in the interior
of Alia, bounded on the n by Siberia,
E by Eaftern Tartary, s by the great
wall of China and Leaotone, and w by
Independent Tartary. The Mongul
Tartare have neither towns, villajies, nor
boufesj they are wandering hordes,

MON

and liv»! under tents, which they remove
from (iiic place to another, accordinj; as
the diflft rent ftaiimn, or th«' w^nts of
thtir flockK, rtqnire : they pafii the fiim-
mer on the banks of rivtra, and the
winter at the foot of (iime monntriin,
which (belters thtm fr«)ni Mie ctittinji; n
wind. They are natnially clownidi,
and dirty in their drif., as well as
in their tents, wtiere they live amid the
dung of tlieir flocks, which, when dried,
they ule for fuel. They choofe ratlier
to be fatisficd with the food that their
flocks fupply, than take the tronble of
cultivating the earth : it tvtn appi arj
thiit they neglcft agriculture tV(n)i pride.
Diirinji ih>- fummcr, ilier live <inly on
milk, ufing without diftinflion th,it of
the cow, mare, ewe, goat, and camel.
Theirordinary drink is warm wnter, in
whith a little coarfe tc:i has been in«
fuled ; with this they mix cream, milk,
or butter, according to their circum-
ftancts. They have alf.' a method
of m;iking a kind of ipirituous liquor of
four iriik, efpecially of that of the mare.
The MoMjjuls ave frt-c, optn and fincere.
They pride themfelves chiefly on their
dcxuriiy in handling the bow and ar-
row, mo'.^nting (in horfehack, and himt-
ing wild hearts. Polygamy i? permitted
among them ; but they generally have
only one wife. They burn the bodies
of their dead, and carry the alhes to
eminences, where they inter ihem, and
cover the grave with a htap of ftones,
over which they plant a great number
of fmall ftandards- Th^^y are unac*
quainted widi the ufe of money, and
trade only by barter. Although the
Monguls might appropriate to them-
felves the f'poils of a great number of
animals, the fkins which ihey ufe for
clothing are generally thoft of their
Ibeep, and they wear the wool inmort.
The religion of the Mongul Tartars is
confined to the worfhip of Fo. They
have the moft fuperftitious veneration
for their hmas, who are clownifti, ignor-
ant, and licentious priefts, to whom
they attribute the power of calling
down hail or rain : to thefe lamas they
give the moft valuable of their effects in
return for prayers, which they go about
reciting from tent lo tent. Thefe peo-
ple are very devout, and continually
wear hanging at their necks a kind of
chaplet, over which they fay their
prayers. All the Mon^-uls are governed
by khans, or particular princes, inde-
pendent of each other; but ali I'ubjeiJt to
the emperor of China, whom they con-
fider as the grand khan of the Tartars.
All tke Mongul nations under the Chi-

MON

ncfc govcmiTjent may be divided into
fdur principal tribcB, wliich are the
Monguls, properly focalifd, the Kalkab,
the Ortous, and thcTartati (>f Kokoiior.

Monheim, a town of Bavaria, in the
principality of Neuburg, 8 m N Dona-
wert.

Monikenajm, a fcaport of N Holland,
which has manufa^ures of foap and
fillc. It is f'Mted on a gut or frith of the
Zuider /er. 8 m ne Amderdam. Lon.
438 B, lat 5a iH N.

Moni/lnl, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Loire, 14 m sw
St. Ktienne.

Monmouth, a town of New Jerfey.
Sec I'Vee/iolJ.

Monmouth, a town of the diftri*fV of
Maine, in Lincoln county, on the f (iilc
of the Androlcoggin, I5 m w by s Har-
rington, and 48 N Portland-

Monmouth, a borough of England,
capital of Monmouthfhire, with a itiiir-
ket on Saturday. It is governed by a
mayor, and feated on the Monnow,
which here joins the Wye. Over the
former is a very ancient bridge and gate-
way, once a barrier againft the W^ifh.
It was formerly defended by a wall and
a ditch, and in the centre is a caflle in
ruins. Here wjs born the warlike Henry
V, calltc' Htfnry of iMonmouth. It con-
tains two parim-churches, one of them
cn'»rafted on part of the ruins of a
ptiory, and both are curious flrudlures.
The number of inhabitants was 3345 in
1801, and 3503 in 1811. The town has
no manufadures; but there are iron
and tin works in the neighbourhood,
and fome trade is carried on with Hert-
ford and Briftol by the Wye. It is 18
m 3 Hereford, and 129 w by n London.
Lon. 2 46 w, lat. 51 49 n.

Monmouthjhirey a county of England,
bounded on the n by Hereford fh ire, k
by Gloucefterftiire, se by the mouth of
the Severn, and w artd sw by the coun-
ties of Brecknock and Glamorgan. It
is 24 m long and 20 broad, contain-
ing 33O1220 acres ; is divided into flx
hup'lreds, and ixi parilhes ; has feveu
market-towns ; and fends three mem-
bers to parliament. The number of
inhabitants was 45,582 in 1801, and
6.M27in 181 1. Belide the Wye, which
parts it from Gloucefterfliire, the Mon-
novv, which feparates it from Hereford-
rtiire, and the Rhyney, or Rumney,
which divides it from Glamorganflxire,
this county has almoft peculiar to itftlf
the river Uflc, which divides it into two
unequal portions. The eaftcrri part,
and the largeft, is a tradft fertile in corn
anc' pafture, and well wooded ; and it

MON

abounds with limefton", coal, and iron.
The wrdern portion is mountainous,
and, in great part, unfavorable for cul-
tiV'ition; whence it is devoted to the
<^eeding of Ihecp and goats. Monmouth-
fliiri' was formerly reckoned one of the
counties of Wales ; and from the names
of its towns and villages, its mountain-
ous rugged furface, and its fituation be-
yond the Wye, which feems to form a
natural boundary between Kngland and
Walts in this part, it CiMtainly partakes
moftly of the character of the latter
country, though now comprehended in
the civil divilion of the former. The
higher ranks generally fpeak t!ngli(h,
but the common people ufe the Welih
languipc- The chief manufafture of
this! canity is flannels.

Monofmngi, or'Nimfnma, a region in
the interior of Africa, laid to be of vaft
extent, hounded on the n by Abyflinia,
E by Zangiiebar, s by Moc.iranga, and
w by Congo. This country is very lit-
tle known to the Europeans.

Monomotapa ; lee Mocaranga-

Monongahtla, a river of the United
States, which rifes in Virginia, at the
foot of Laurel mountain, flows n by
Morgantown, where it becomes navi-
gable, then enters Penufylvania, and
pafles by Redltone to Pittiburgh, where
it joins the Allegany, and their united
ftream aflumes the name of Ohio.

Monofioii, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Bari, on the coaft of the gulf of Ve-
nice, 28 m KSE Bari.

MoripciiJfrt a town of France, in the
department of Dordogne, 18 m sw
Sariat.

Monquegna, or Monquega, a town of
Peru, in the bifliopric of Arequipa,
and capit.d of a territory »)f its name,
adorned with large vineyards. Its whole
commerce is in wine and brandy, which
are greatly valued. It is 100 m sr.
Arequipa. Lon. 71 40 e, lat. 17 .^4 s.

Monreale, a town of Sicily, in Val di
Mazara, and an archbifliop'sfee. The
cathedral is very fpacious, and richly
ornamented ; but it fuffered confider-
ably by a fire in 18 11, and its rich
funds are now applying to reftore the
dumiiges done. Near it is the tamoua
convent of St. Martino, fo richly deco-
rated that it might be detmod a fuperb
palace. The town is neatly built, and
Hands 011 a lofty hill, 4 m w by s Pa-
lermo.

Mo7is, a ftrong city of the Nether-
lands, lately the capital of Auftrian
Hainault, and now the capital of the
department of Jemappe. The moft
remarkable buildings arc the caftle, the

■:'• -n* /.Ml

f'i.

'ty

i'

i-

1,1 IM IW'

;:'i^B':,

I ' , J.:

^!*.'

riili

MON

nrfcnalf the townhoufe, and the grent
cluirch. It is a place of good trade, has
confideraljle manufadturcs of woolkn
fliiflfsi and contains tSiOco inhabitants.
Monj has been fcvcral times taken by
the French* Dutch, and Auftriani ; the
laft time by the French in 1792, after
the battle of Jemappc It Hands partly
on a hill, and partly on a plain, on the
river Trouille, 30 m ssw Bruflcls* Lon.
J 57 E, lat. 50 27 N.

MoHj'araKi a town of Portugal, in
Alentejo, (eated on ihe Guadiana. 2^
m sw Elvai.

Monfolf a town of Guinea, in the
country of Anziko, and the refidence of
the micoco, or king. It is 380 m ke
St. Salvador. Lon. 17 16 s, Jat. •40 s.

Monjlien ; fee MotijHers.

Mont B/anc, a mountain of the Pen-
nine Alps, in Savoy, fo called from its
white appearance. It is 15,662 feet
abo.e the level of the fea, and fuppofed
to be the highell in JSurope. The
French have given the name of this
mountain to the conquered duchy of
Savoy, as a new department of France.

Mont de Marfan, a town of France^
capital of the department of Landes.
It is feated on the Midoufe, 30 m nb
DaX' Lon. o 30 w, lat. 43 55 n.

Mont St. Micheli a ftrong town of
France, in the department of Manche,
built on a rock in the Tea, which is ac-
ceflible at low water. Its late Bene-
didline abbey ti:rved at once for a caftle
of defence, and a ftate prifon ; and the
prior of it was governor of the town.
This p1.ice gave name t6 the military
order of St. Michel, founded by Louis
XI. It is 10 m sw Avanches. Lon. i
5» w, lat. 48 37 N.

Mont Tonnerre, a new department of
France, including part of the elec-
torate of Mentz, the palatinate of the
Rhine, and the duchy of Deux Fonts.
It has its name from a ridge of moun-
tains, near the Rhine, and the capital is
Mentz.

Montabaur, a town of Germany, in
the late eledlorate of Trevesj. with a
fine palace, 7 m n NafTau.

Montagu Ijlandy one of the New
Hebrides, in the Pacific ocean, near
Sandwich ifland. Lon. 168 31 e, lat.
17 a6 s.

Montagu Ijland^ an idand in the Pa-
cific ocean, 50 m long and i % broad, near
the w coaft of N America, at the en-
trance of Prince William found. Lon.
JJ7 30 w, lat. 60 o N.

Montaigu, a town of France, in the
department of Vendee, 18 m sse Nantes,
«nd 40 VNW Fontenay le Compte.

MON

Montaigu, a town of France, in the
depart im-nt of Puy de Dome, 33 m
NNw Clermont.

Montaigue, or Seherpenheul, a town
of the Netherlands, in Brabant, famous
for a miraculous image of the Virgin,
vifited by a great number of people. It
is 14 m NB Louvain.

Monta/fgre, a town of Portugal, in
Tra los Montes, 25 m ne Braga, and
43 w Uraganza.

Mentalvan, a town of Spain, in Ara-
gon, with a ftrong citadel, feated on
the Rio Martin, 44 m 3 Saragoifa, and
92 N by w Valencia-

Montalvmo, a town of Portugal, in
Alentejo, on the borders of Spain, 18 m
N^fEPortalegre.

M$ntanehts, a town of Spain, in
Eftremadura, at the foot of a chain of
mountains, 18 m n by b Merida.

MontagriU a town of Portugal, in
Alentejo, 28 m se Santarem, and 31
NNW Evora.

Montargh, a town of France, in the
department of Loiret. Its muftard and
cutlery arc excellent ; and from Ihe ri-
ver Loing is a navigable canal hence to
the Seine> It is feated near a (ine foreft,
15 ms Nemours, and 62 s by B Paris.

Montauban, a town of France, capital
of the department of TUn and Ga-
ronne, and lately an epifcopal fee. Here
are manufactures of filk ftockings and
ftuflfs, ferges, flialloons, &c. This town
was taken from the Huguenots in 1629,
and the fortifications were demolifhed.
It is feated on an eminence, by the river
Tarn, 3a m n Touloufe, and 3s s Ca-
hors.

Montbazont a town of France, in the
department of Indre and Loire, at the
foot of a hill, on which is an ancient
caftle, 8ms Tours.

Muntbeiiard, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Rhine, with a
large caftle on a rock. Before the revo-
lution it was the capital of a principa-
lity, which, though infulated by France,
belonged to Germany. It has a good
trade in linen, leather, and cutlery ; and
near it is a eonfiderable iron-mine. It
ftands on the Savoureufe, at its conflux
with the Luzine (which foon after joins
the Doubs) 16 m wnw Porentru, and
47 ENE Befan^on. Lon. 6 56 e, lat. 47

30 K.

Montbrifen, a town of France, capital
of the department of Loire. It is cele-
brated for medicinal waters, and feated
on the Vezize, 40 m wsw Lyon, and 76
sse Moulins. Lon. 4 7 e, lat. 4534 N.

Montdauphin, a town of France, in
the depalrtment of Upper Alps, oa a

MON

craggy mountain, almod furroundcd by
the Durniice, it m ne Enibniii.

MontdiiUer, a town of France, in the
dppirtment of Somme, where the kings
of France formerly had a palnce. It is
feated on a mountain, %) m ssi Am'enSi
and 58 N by E Paris.

Monte Alcinot a town of Tiilcany, in
Sienele, famous for producing the bcft
wine in Italy, x\vn. sss Sienna.

Molte Alto, a town of Italy, in the
marqiiifatc of Ancona, 14 m ssw
Fermo.

Monte Caffino, a town of Naples, in
T«irra di Lavoru, with a celebrated Bc-
nedi(5\ine abbey, 18 m sse Sora.

Monte Clirijlot a town, bay, and cape
on the N fide of St. Domingo. The
cape is a high hill, in the form of a tent,
called by the French Cape la Grange.
Lon. 71 44 w, lat. 19 51 N.

Monte I'alcOf a town of Italy, in the
duchy of Spoletto, near the river Cli-
tunno, 12 m w Spoletto.

Mgnte Falcone, a town of Italy, in
Friuli, with a caftle, near the river Pon-
zano, ig m wnw Trieft.

Monte Fiafconet a town of Italy, in
the patrimony of St. Peter, near the
lake Bolfena, is m nnw Viterbo.

Monte Fojol'ty a town of Tufeany, in
Pifano, itf m B by N Leghorn.

Monte Leone, a town of Naples, in
Calabria Ultra, 1 a m n n e Nicoiera.

Monte Leone, a town of Naples, in
Principato Ultra, 9 m n Benevento.

Monte Marano, a town of Naples, in
Principato Ultra, near the river Calore,
18 m s Benevento.

Monte Pelofo, a town of Naples, in
Bafilicata, near the river Bafiento, 14 m
K Acerenza.

Monte Pulciano, a town of Tufeany,
in Sienefe, feated near the Chiana, in
a country noted for excellent wine,
iS m SE Sienna.

Mtnte St. Angelo, a town of Naples,
in Capitanata, 7 m K Manfredonia.

Monte Santo, formerly Mount Athos,
a lofty mountain of European Turkey,
in Macedonia, on the gulf of ContelFa,
inhabited by Greek monks, who have
feven convents built like forts. It is 17
m s of Salonichi.

M^nte Velino, a mountain of Italy,
fuppol'od to be the moft lofty part of the
Apennines, and 8400 feet above the level
of the Mediterranean. It is 46 m n£
of Rome.

Monte Ferdct a town of Naples, in
Principato Ultra, 16 m ne Conza.

Monte Video, a feap;)it of Paraguay,
with a fort, and Unrounded by a (Irong
wall. The principal trade confifts in
hides> and proviiions are cheap and

MON

abundant. The inhil)il. ts are efti-
mated at a«,ooo. Mom. Video wa»
taken by the Englifti in 1807; but
ioon evacuated. It is feated atthefo'jt
of a lofty conical mountain, on the "*
lide of the river Plata, 60 m from its
mouth, and 140 v. Buenol Ayrcs. Lon.
56 25 w, lat. 34 50 s.

Mtntechlo, a town of Italy, m Mo-
deneO?. The French defeated the Auf-
trians near this place in 1 736. It is 8 m
Nw Reggio.

Montrfro, a feaport, on a bayoftlie
fame name, on the n cosft of Jamaica.
In 1795, a flit confumed an immeiili:
qiia!\tityofrtorei, and great part of the
town. Lon. 78 5 w, lat. 18 40 v.

Montelimart, a town of France, in the
department of Drome, with an ancient
citadel, and manufattures of wool, lilk,
and leather. It is feated in a fertile
plain, near the Rhone, as m s Valence,
and 30 N Orange.

Moutflovez, a town of New Ppain,
capital of the province of Cohahuila.
It has fevcn churches and two public
icjuares, and is the principal military
depot for this province and Texas. It
is lituate on a rivulet, 310 m n Zacaie-
•as. Lon. loi 30 w, lat. 26 33 n.

Montemor 0 Novo, a town of Portu-
gal, in Alentejo, feated on the ('anna,
15 m wNw Evora, and 50 E by 8 Lilbon.
Montemor 0 Velho, a town of Portu-
gal, in Beira, with a caftle, feated on
the Mondego, 10 m sw Coimbra, and
83 N by E Lilbon.

Montenati, a town of France, in the
department of Seine and Marne, with
a trade in corn, checfc, and cloth ; feat-
ed on the Seine, at the influx of the
Yonne, 15 m se Melun.

Monterey, a feaport of New Albion,
capital of the whole country and of a
jurifdidion of its name. It compre-
hends an area of 300 yards long by 250
wide, is walled round, and has a fort,
with a fmall kind of block-houfe a little
above the top of the wall, at each cor-
ner of the fquare. It ftands on the se
part of a fpacious open bay of the fame
name. I. on. 121 51 w, lat. 36 36 n.

Monterey, a town sf New Spain, ca-
pital of New Leon, and a bifliop's fee.
It Itands near the fource of the Tigre,
which flows into the gulf of Mexico,
230 m NNE Zacatecas. Lon. 100 o w,
lat- 26 10 N.

Monterojfo, a town of Sicily, in Val
di Noto, on the brow of a mountain, 28
-m w Syracufe.

Monte/a, a town and fortref? of Spain,
in Valencia. It is the feat of an order
of knighthood of the fame name, and 9
m ssw Xativa.

I .(-Si -v:^. .M.

'ifZ''^ ■

•i;'i^5

l€ i '!

I

M O N M O N

Mcnte/fjuleu, a town of Fnncc, in the it has a greater mixture of fertile vale

department (>f Upptr C.iroiiiit, 15 m and plain 'han lev«ral of the WrlJh

8bK TcjuOiiff. counties. Its riches proceed from (h^cp

Montejijuiou, a tcwn of Finance, in the and wool, the hilly tradb being almolt

dfp.iiiTi lit of Gi'is, 1 1 m v'^sw Auch. entiirly (h ep-walks; and the flocknare

Mont/errand, a town 01 France, now
a fuhurb to Clermont.

Moutferrat, a i.ii( duchy of Pied-
mont, to thv w ol Ml duel. , and n
of the tt;rritory of G 11 la Iron which
i^ is ftpanited bs 'he Npenniiies It 11
very N'rtil> and vvi-il cultivat^-d, abound*
in^ III corn, win> , -ul, and filk. I be^
"longed to ''.If dukf of S;ivoy, <ir.d the
capital vvjis CaftI S-e I'tcdmont'

i^iontfnrty a lown ut France, in the
depariuunt of Sfiiie and O'fr, 16 m w
VeifHillfS

Moutfo'ty n town of France, in the Calatrava

d'iV'H trom diltaiit parts 10 fnd on
tlum during the li.iuiner. This county
alf.) afl'ords miniral treafures, particu-
larly lead, and it abounds with flatc and
lime ; l)ut there is no coal. The prin-
cipal riverR are th«' Severn, Vyrnwy,and
Tannat. Theaffizes are hcUl at Welfli-
pool.

Montguyortt a town of France. In the
department of Lower C'harente, 43 m
S8E Saintes.

Montil, a town of Spain, in New
Caftile, a» m w ■ Icaraz, and 70 k«e

dcpartmint of lilt." and Vilaine, la m w
Rt'nncs.

Montf'^irt,^ fortified t(>«'.n of Holland,
in Utrcchi, ii-aied on Uit Yflcl, 7 m sw
Utrecht.

^Jonifort- n town of Germany, in
Tyrol 6 m n F'Idkirch.

Moutgiitz, or Munkats, a town of
Lowfr H'lnj'T'v m 1 he county ot Perec-
zas. Willi A t<.itiefK ( cinpoled of three
caftles, fra'td on a cr;i;,gy rock. It 18
cneom-aired by a gic-i ttiorafs ; and
nature and art have rendered it -ilinofl
imprefrnahle. It t^as- defended thiee

Montignac, a town of France, in the
department of Dordogne, ai m £se
Perigiieux.

^fontilla, a town of Spain, in Anda-
hilia, 18 m ssE Cordova.

Montjoy, a town of France, in the
department of Koer, lately of Germany,
in the duchy of Juliers. It has a forti-
fied caftlc on a hill, and is fituate among
rugu'ed rocks, 19 ms Juliers.

MontivUJien, a town of France, in
the department of Lower Seine, 6 m n
Havre.

MoittU'teUi a town of France, in the

years by ilie princefs R<<tjf'tlkv, wife of department of Lower Charente, 40 m

count Tekeli. whtn helieged by the sbe Saintes.

Aultrlans, to whom it turrendered in Moat/ouh, a town of France, in the

i68tt. It is 51 m EsE Caflbvia. Lon. department of Eaftern Pyrenees, with a

31 55 E. hr. 48 26 N. regular fortrefs,on a rock at the foot of

Mont^omeri/, a town of Maryland, the Pyrenees, for the proteflion of the

chief ot a coiimy of the fame name. It frontiers. It is 40 m w by s Perpignan,

is 1 J m N Walhin^jton, and 23 sw Bal- and 430 s Paris. Lon a 5 e, lat. 42 30 n.

timore. Montlougon, a town of France, in the

Montgomery, a borough of Wales, department of Allier, feated on the

capital ot M intgomeryfhire, with a Cher, 35 m wsw Moulins.

market i.n Tluirld.»y. It had walls
and a caftk, which were demolilhed in
the civil wars, and is now a fmall place.
The inhabitants were 97a in 1801, and
93a in 181 1. It ftands on the fide of a
hill, near the river Severn, 34 m sw
Shrevvlbury, and 168 nvv London, Lon.

3 5 "'♦ af« 5" 26 N.

Montgomery iL'ire, a county of Wales,

Montluely a town of France, in the
department of Ain, feattd on the Se-
raine, 9 m se Trcvoux.

Ahntmaraulti a town of France, in
the department of Allier, a8 m sw
Moulins.

Montmedy, a town of France, in the
department of Meufe, feated on the
Cher, which divides it into the upper

boun'icd on Vhe n by Merionethlliire and lower town, ai m n Verdun.

and DeiibijihOiire, ne and v by Shrop-
fhire. s V-y K;id o'ihiie, sw by Cardigan-
fhire, and ^v by Merionethlhire. it is 36
m long and 34 l)r >ad, containing '^ 38,480
acres; is divided into nine hundreds,
and 53 pariflr^s ; has five market-townsj
and fends rw > members to parliament.
The number of inhabitants was 47,978
in 1801, and <i.93' i» '8"- Though
barun and mounlainous in many parts,

Montmelian, a town of Savoy, with a
callle ; taken by the French in 1705,
who demolilhed the fortifications- It is
8 m b e Chamberry, and 37 n E Grenoble.

Montmireli a town of Frani:e, in the
department of Marne, 40 m w by s
Chalons, and 55 E Paris.

Montmorency, a town of France, in
the department of Seine and Oife, feat-
ed near the SeinC} le m n Paris.

tile vale

m (hccp
g almoft
(K-kfl are
ftM'd on
1 county
particu«
late and
he prin-
nwy,anfl
Wellh-

in the

MON

MantrntrUhnt a town of France, in
the department of Vii-nne, featt-d on
the Garicmpe, over which is a bridget
i$ m 'K Poiiitri.

Alontpellier, a city of France, capital
of the department of Hcruult, and a
bifliop's Ice, with a citadel, and a uni-
verfity, in which ia a fchool ut medicine
The cathedral wan ruined liy the IIu-
guenots, but h.iH been partly rebuilt.
The trade conlifts in fllks, bUnkets,
carpets, cotton goods, printed calicoa,
gauzes, hidt'S, cordialt*, perfumed wa<
ters.and verdigrife. The air is extreme-
ly healthy, and many invalids retort
hither, from all parts, to rtiover their
health. Montpellier is feated on a hill,
5 m from the Mediterranean, near the
Lez, u fmall navigable river, and on the
rivulet Merdanlbn, which is conveyed
into different parts of the city, by fub-
terraneous canals. It is 27 m sw Nil'nieH,
and 47 NC Nuibonne. Lon. 3 52 E, lat.
43 36 N.

Montpenjler, ■• town of France, in the
department of i i ' de Dome, 20 m nb
Clermont.

Montreal, a fertile illand of Lower
CanAda, in the river St. Lawrmce, at
the inOux of the Utiwas. It is 28 m
long and 10 broad \ Mud takes the name
of a Ycry lofty mountain, called Mont
Real by the French, fitua'e in the mid-
dle of the ifland, and covered with trees
and ihrubs, except toward its bale,
where Tome parts have been cleared
and cultivated.

Montreal^ a city of Lower Canada,
the next in rank to Quebec, (Ituate en
the E fide of the ifland of the fame
name. The lower part of it extenifi
along the St. Lawrence, which is h^'re

3 m broad, and ihips can L; clofe to
the ftiore, which is elevated, and forms
a wharf. From the river then is a gra-
dual afcent to what is called t >e upper
town, in which is the cathedral, the
Englilh church, a i'pacious court-houfe,
and the government houlc. The in-
habitants were eftimated at 12,000 in
1806; but the fortifications and walls
of the city being now demolilhcd, it is
improving inextenfion. Thechief com-
merce is in furs, which are fcnt to Eng-
land ; and it is the emporium of the trade
carried on between Great Bi itain and the
United States. Goods and merch^ndile
for the upper country are carted hence
to the village of Chine, 8 m higher up
the river, where they are put on board
batteaux ; the navigation of the river,

4 m above the city, being interrupted
by the rapids of St. Louis. Montreal
was furrendered by the French to the

MON

Engli(h in 1760- It in no m n Crown
Pi'int, and 170 ^w Quebec. Lon. 7^
18 w, lat. 46 J3 N.

Montrral, a town of Spain, in Ara-
gon, with a caftU, feated on the Xdoca,
25 m NNw Terruel, and 40 s by £
C.tlatayiid.

Montreal^ a town of France, in the
dcpartmciit of Rhine and Mo*cl!e, late-
ly of Ge>many, in tli«> electorate of
Tr vi », feated on die Eiz, ao m w by N
Cot)lo iz.

JMontreal, in Sicily; fee Menrealt'

AJontreuH, A (IrMi^; town of Fiance,
in the department of P,is dc Cilais,
leated on a hill, neiir the month of the
Canche, 36 m s Calaib, and 42 wnvt
Arr^s.

Montreutl Bellaij, a town of France,
inthedepanrnrnl olMiymne and Loire,
feated on iht i oiitt, 10 m Ssw Saumur.

Montr'tchfirdy .1 'own of France, in
th«' depaitnitiit of Loir and Cher, with
a cattle, leaied near the Cher, 12 m se
Amboife

Montrofey a borough and feaport of
Scotland, in Fortarthire, at the mouth
of the S Efk, over which is a bridge.
See Inclibruyock. A litt'c above the
town the fiver txpunds into a wide
lake, called the Bafin, into which the
tide flows, that at hi^h water the town
is almoft furrouniled by the fca. The
harbuur is very commodi<.us, and has a
dry and wet dock. A great quantity
01 malt is rn^de here, and there are
coiifidi'rable manufactures of canvas,
ropes, flieeting, linen, and thread. The
fa'mon filheries of the N and S Eflc
form a valuable branch vi ctimmerce.
The numlier of inhabitants was 7974 in
j8of, and 8955 in 181 1 At thii place
thePrctendcr landed in December 17 15,
and embarked in Febtuary following.
Montrofc is 28 m ne Dundee. Lon. 2
22 w, lat. 56 41 N-

Moiitfaujeon, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Marne, 15ms
LangiTS.

Mont/crrat, a mountain of Spain, in
Catalonia, aboul lam in circnnnference,
and 3^]oo feet above the level ot the
fea, toweririg over a hilly country, like
a pile of Gotliic fpiies. On it is a
large monalteiy. wiih a chapel, dedi-
cated to the Virgin, reformed to by num-
bers of pilgrim!! It is inhabited by no-
ble Benef'.idine monks of f<vfr.il na-
tions, who entertain all that come out
of devotion or curiofity, tor three days,
gratis. Here arc alfo thirteen hermit-
ages, in romantic fituations : the moit
beautiful is that of San'a Ana, the re-
fidciicc of the father of all the hcvmits.

'■■' 1 M

■■■■ €r 1

. ' •■■*

W'

:'■■■■( I.

i i

'.i .

.1 ,v

I, 111

MOO

*r fpountnin vicar. In i8:^«, the French
made two attackn nn this mountain,
but wer»? deflated by thf m(>nlirt and
prafiintry ; and in a third attack, ciitly
in i8»9, thfy (iiccfcd«'d in cnn-rinf; the
monaftcry, but were forcrd to retreat
ihc next mornin);. In i8i i they again
obtained pDlFcnion, but (bt)n aftPrw.ifd
evaoiiati'd it, having; firft burned th«
chtirch, and fvcry tiling that mij;ht be
ufoful to a rc-t ftabiiftimcnt of thib im-
portant point, it ii 24 m Nw Bar-
celona.

Montferrnt, one of the It-eward Ca-
ribe illands, difcovcred by Columbus,
and lb nained by hitn from its ri-fem-
blance to the mountain mentioned in
the preceding article. It is of .m oval
form, 9 m long and 7 broad. The hill*
are covered with ceilar and other trees ;
and the chief rxporis are liigar, rum,
and cotton. It belongs to the Englilh,
and is 30 m sw Antigua. Lon. 6x 17
v/, lat. 16 4S K.

Montzhij^en, a town of France, in the
departinent of Rhine and Molclle, late-
ly of Germany, in the circle of Upptr
Rhine ; featcd on the Niihc, 13 m w by
s C'lTutznach.

i\[')nza, a town of Italy, in Mil.inele.
It is fr.mous for the trtnliiry of St. John
the haptift ; where»jimong o'hcrthingf,
is the iron crown with which the an-
cient Italian kings were crowned, and
afterward the emperors of Germany
ulienever they were difpoied to alFert
tlicir rights, as kings of Lombardy.
Charlemagne was crowned here in 774,
after taking Diiiderius king of Lom-
bardy prilbner. It is leated on the Lam-
bro, 8 m NE IVli!;in.

Moazon ; lee Mongon.

Mo»n, Mountains of the, mountains
of Africa, extending from Negroland,
through AhyfliBia, to the Indian lea.
They are higher than thole of Atlas.

Moorfields, a town of Virginia, chief
of Haidy county. It is fituate on the
s branch of the Potomac, 45 m U' by s
Winchefler. Lon. 79 20 w, lat. 39 8 n.

Moorjhedabad, a city of Hindooftan,
the capital of Bengal before the efta-
blilhment of the Eiiglifli power. It is
feated near the wdtern arm of the
Ganges, 112 m N Calcutta. Lon. 88 37
e, lat. 24 15 N.

Mooje Tort, a fettlement of the Hud-
fon Bay Company, on the s part of
James bay, near the influx of a river of
its name. Lon. >!o 2 w, lat. 51 15 n.

Moojh, or Mov/h, a town of Afiatic
Turkry, in Kurdillan, which has a
trade in tob.icco and mMnna. It is It-at-
cd on an ttnunciicej wuilicd by the £u-

MOR

phrateti, over which it a bridgCi 40 m
NNw Hfilis.

Mnntnpilly, a town of Hindooflnn, in
theGiintoor circar.at the mouth of the
Gondcgama. Lon. 80 iob, lat. 1J35N.

Morot X town of Sweden, in Dalo-
cailia, near which is a (lone, famous
for being the fpot whence Guftavus
Vaf.i harmgued the Dalecarlians, and
alTemblcd the troops with which be
drove Chriltian 11, of Denmark, from
Stockholm. It is dated near the w end
of lake Siljan, 60 m nw Fahlun.

Morut A town of Portugal, in Alen-
tejo, on the river Odivor, 19 m nw
Evora.

Moray .1 town of Spain, in Catalonia,
on the river Ebro, i8 m n Tortofa.

Mora, a town of Spain, in New Caf-
tile, 18 m .''E Toledo.

Morant Point, the moft eafterly pro-
montory of Jamaica. On the 8W lide
of the point is a harbour of the fame
name. Lon. 76 7 w, lat. 17 57 n.

Morat, or Murton, a town of SwifTcr-
land, capital of a bailiwic of the fame
name, with a caftle. It (lands on the
SE lide of a lake of its name, lying
parallel with the lake of Ncuchatei,
into which it flowc by the Broye. Thin
town fuftained a liege againft the duke
of Burgundy, in 1476, in which his
army of 30,000 men were all flain ; and
their bones are kt-pt here in a chaniel-
houfe. U is 19 m w by s Bern, and 10
NE Fiiburg.

Morataiaz, a town of Spain, in New
Caftile, 22 m F. Ciudad Real.

Moratalla, a town of Spain, in Mur-
cia, 34 m ssw Chinchilla.

Morava, a river of European Turkey,
which riles in Bulgaria, flows through
Strvia, by Nifla, and joins the Danube,
at Stmendria.

Moravia, a marqniHite of Germany,
bounded on the w by Bohemia, n by
Silcfia, E by Hungary; and s by Auftria.
It is a mountainous country, yet very
fertile and populous, and watered by a
great number of rivers and brooks.
More corn Is grown than the inhabit-
ants conliime; and it produces much
hemp and flax. The principal manu-
factures are cloth, iron, glafs, paper,
and gunpowder. From this country
a (edt of Chrillians, called Moravians,
take their name, thejr dodrines baying
been firft taught here; but the inhabit-
ants in general are Roman catholics.
This marquifate belongs tolhe kingdom
of Bohemia, but has its own form of
government ; and is divided into Icvtn
circles, Olniutz, Brun, Iglau, Zn.iym,
liradilch, Prerau, and I'efchen, fo called

■'■^JB^R|!SJ!«W«*»^*JW

IgCf 40 m

ooftan, in
ah of the

in D.ilf-

Guftavin
liana, jiiid
which be
»»"•«» from
the w piiil
ti.

in Alen-
> m Kw

:^;italoniii,
rtofa.
^ew Caf-

erly pro-

8W tide

the fame

N.

fSwi/Ter-
the lame
8 on the
If, lying
cuchatel,
ye. This
the duke
'hich his
ain; and
charnel*
I) and 10

in New

in Mur-

Turkey,

through
Danube,

ermany,
a, N by
AuRria.
yet very
ed by a
brookf:.
inhabit-
8 much

maiiu-

paper,
:ounlry
ravians,

having
nhabit-
iholics.
ngdom
Jrm of
) Icvtn
inaym,
I called

MOR

from thfir chief towns. Olmutz !• the
capital.

Moretw, or Marfch, a river of Ger-
many, which ha» its fource in the
mountains between Uohemia and Si-
Iflla, crolfei Moravia by Olmutz and
Hradifch, and rt'ceiving the Tey.i, on
the confines of Aultria and Hungary,
icparatc'S thefi; two countries as far as
the D.mubr, into which it enters, 15 m
al)uve Prclburg. It has commonly the
litter appellation till it receives the
Teva.

Moray Frith, a confiderable inlet of
thp German ocean, on the coait of Scot-
land, between the (luren of Rofs and
Elgin. It extends in a sw direction as
far as Invernefs, and thence nw to
Heauley, where it receives the river of
that name. Between Fortrole and Fort
George it is contrat^led to about 2 m ;
above which it expands, forming the
fine harbour of Iiivernel's, aad then be-
comes agiiin contra«5ttd.

Morayjhire\ fee tUgin/hire-

Morbeprno, a town of SwifTerland,
capital of a diftridt in Valteline. It is
the handfomelt and mult commercial
town in Valteline, and feated on the Ad-
da, 12 m SE Chiavenna, and 3* n Ber-
gamo. Lon. 9 36 E, lat. 46 8 n.

Morbtys, or Ommirabi/i, a river of
Barbary, which riles in Mount Atlas,
lepnrates the kingdom of Morocco from
that of Fez, and enters the Atlantic at
Az.amor.

Morbiharii a department of France,
including part of the late province of
Bretagnc. Vannes is the capital of this
department, which take.s its name from
a bay, between that town and the illand
of Bellifle. The entrance of the bay is
narrow ; but it extends within, and
cuntains about 30 little iflands.

Morcone, a town of Naples, iu the
county of Molife, 19 m ssb Molife.

Morea, the ancient Pcioponnefus, a
peninfula forming the se part of Tur-
key in Europe, to which it io joined by
the illhmus of Corinth, lying between
the gulfs of Lepaiito and Engia. It is
180 m long and 130 broad, and divided
into three provinces. The foil is fertile,
except in the middle, where there are
many mountains ; and it abounds with
mulberry trees, which are cultivated for
the feeding of filkworms. It is watered
by fv-veral rivers, of which the Alpheus,
Vaiili Potamo,andStromioarcthe chief.
It was taken by the Venetians from the
Turks in 16H7, and retaken in 1715.
The largcft town is Militra, but the ca-
pital is Tripulizza.

Mon

Morella, a town r)f Spain, in Valrnciflt
which was almoft dcftroyed, in i7c5#
by the army of Philip V. It is feited
among high moutttains, 33 m sw Tur-
tola. and 57 nni Segorbc.

Alorejhy, .1 village in Cumberland,
with a harbour a m N Whitehaven. In
and near it many remains of antiquity
have been dug up, inch as altars and
Itones, with inloriptiom 011 them } and
fcveral caverns have been found, called
Pidts' Holes.

Alorett a town of France, in the de-
partment of Seine and Marne, on the
canal of Orleans, near the Seine, 12 t«
33 K Melun.

More/on Jfamfi/had, a town in De-
vondiire, with a market on Saturd.iy,
and manufaiflures of woollen cloth and
yarn. It has the veltiges of two caflles
or forts; and in the vicinity are a Dru*
Idical temple and a cromlech. It is la
m wsw Exeter, and 185 w by s Lon-
don.

Moretta, a town of Piedmont, on a
fmall river that runs into the Po, 16 m
s Turin.

Morf^an, a weftern diftriifl of N Ca-
rolina, comprehending the counties of
Burke,Wilke8,Rutherford,Lincoin,and
Buncomb.

MorgantoivM, a town of N Carolina,
in Uurke county, capital of Morgan
dillriit. It (tands near Catabaw river,
68 m w Salilbury. Lon. «i 53 w, lat.
3547N.

Morgantoiun, a town of Virginia,
chief of Monongalia county. It ttands
on the E lide of the Monongahela, 30 m
8 by w BrownlVille. Lon. 80 lo w, lat.

39 34 N.

Morganza, a town of Pennfylvania,
in Walhington county, at the union of
the E and w branches of Chartier river,
which runs n by k into the Ohio, 5 ni
below Pitlfburg. Boats, carrying iVora
2 to 300 barrels of flour, have been built
and laden here, and Itnt down to New
Orleans; to which place the exports
hence are confiderable alfo in bacon,
butter, cheefe, cider, and apple Ipirits.
It is 13 na bw Pittfburg.

Marges, a town of SwiflTerland, in the
canton of Bern, and capital of a bailiwic,
with a caltle. By its canal, goods arc
lent to other part.- from ihe l.ike of Ge-
neva, on which the town is feated, 5 m
wsw Laulannc.

Morhange, a town of France, in the
department of Mofelle, 21 m sse Menta.

Moriugen, a town of Suabia, in the
principality of Fuiltcnburg, 14 m nnk
Schaffhaufen.

« <

* ,1

l!l?^'U:^

In

<.^ tW^M

#aflJ

FIHj

n

^ I!

i'l'H

M <) R

Moringen, a town of Lower Saxony,
In thr duchy of Hrunfwick. fituate un
the Mohr, la m nnw Oottmgrn.

Muritzt '^t. a town ufSwinirlind, in
thf canton of Orifons, with a famous
mineral fpring, aj m mni Chiavenna.

Merlachia, a mountainoui country
in Hungarian Dalmntiii, thi> inhabitantH
of which arc c.ilkd MorhclcH, or Mor-
lachi. They inhabit the pU'afant valieyi
of Koter. along the rivKm Kcrh.i, Get-
Una, Narcnta, and among the inland
mountains of Dalmatia. Thry are faid,
byromc, to be of Wullachiun extrac-
tion { hut others think their origia in-
volved in the darknefs of the barbarnut
ages. The inhabitants of the feacoaft
of Dalmatia tell many Itories of their
afarice and cruelty ; but if any Aich
events have happenedi they ought to be
afcribed to the corruption of a few in-
dividuals, for the mod pleafing trait of
charuAer among the Morlachi is friend-
ihip. They have even made it a kind
of religious article ; for the Sclavonian
ritual contains a particular benediction,
/'or the folemn union of two male, or
two female friends, in the prefence of
the congregation. The Morlachi are
extremely fenfible of mild treatment,
and when they meet with it are ready to
perform every poflible fervice ; but are
implacable if injured or infulted. Their
hoipitality is equally conCpicuous among
the poor, as among the opulent ; nor is
their gcneroltty confined to ftrangers,
but extends itfclf to all who are in want.
They have very fingular ideas about
religion, and the ignorance of their
teachers daily augments this monftrous
evil: they are as firmly perfuaded of
the reality of witches, fairies, enchant-
ments, noAurnal apparitions, and for-
tileges, as if they had feen a thoufand
examples of them. Segna is the capi-
tal.

Morlaix, a town of France, in the
department of Finifterre, with a caftle
and a tide harbour. The church of
Notre Dame is a lingular ftrudure, and
the holpital very handfome. It has a
confidcrable trade in linen, hemp, and
tobacco, and is feated on a river of the
fame name, 30 m ene Brell. Lon. 3
51 w, lat 48 33 N.

Morlundoy a town of Sweden, in the
province of Smoland, 41 m n Calmar.

Morocco, or Morocco., an empire of
Africa, comp-'ehcndinp a confiderable
part ef the ancient Mauritrtnia, lying
between 28 and 36 n lat. It is bound-
ed on the w by the Atlantic, n by the
Mediterranean, e by Algiers and Tafi-

MOR
let, ami & by Durah. Its greateft length
is above 600 m, and from aoo to ^do in
breailth. The three grand divifioni ol
the empire are the kiiijrdoms of Siis,
Morocco Proper, and Fez. The ibil,
though fandy and dry in fome placen,
is fertile in others) and the fruits, a^
w«'ll as the panutci, are excellent, but
the country is not properly cultivated.
The inhabitants are MohamedanH, of
a tawny complexion, robuft, and very
ikilful in managing a horfe, and wield-
ing a lance : they are jealous, deceitful,
fupcrftitious, and cruel. There are two
forti of inhabitants; the Arabs, who
dwell in moveable villages, compofed oi
about too tents; and the Bereberics,
who ore the ancient inhabitants, and
live in cities and towns. There are a
great number of chriftian (laves, and
ibme merchants upon the coaft, befide
a multitude of Jews, who carrv on al-
moft all the trade ; efpecially oy land
with the Ncgros, to whom they fend
large caravans, which travel over vaft
deferts almoft deP.itute of water. They
carry with them woollen goods, fi'.k,
fait, &c. and in return, have flaves,
gold-dud. and elephants teeth. They
alfo fend large caravans to Mecca every
year, partly out of devotion, and partly
for trade, confiding of feveral thouiand
camels, horfes, and mulen,. Hcfide
woollen goods, their commodities are
Morocco leather, indigo, cochineal, and
oftriches feathers; in return for which
they have filks, muflins, calicos, coffee,
and drugs. In the deferts are lions, ti-
mers, leopards, hyenas, and ferpents of
ieveral kinds. The fruits are dates, flgs,
alnaonds, lemons^ oranges, pomegra-
nates, and many others. There is alfo
flax and hemp, but little timber. Thr
emperor is abfolute, his will being a law,
and he often exercifes great cruelties.
His naval force conlifts cniefly of rovers,
who now and then take large prizes.
He can bring ioo,coo men into the
field, half of which are foot and half
horfe ; but they are poorly armed, and
know little of the art of war.

Morocco, a city of the kingdom of
Morocco, feated in a beautiful plain,
formed by a chain of mountains on the
N, and thofc of Atlas on the s and e.
Though one of the capitals of the em-
pire (for there are two others, Mequi-
nez and Fez) it has nothing to recom-
mend it but its great extent and the
royal palace, in which the emperor
fpends the faft-days during the months
of October and November. It is en-
clofed by ftrong walls, the circumfer*

J,i«i»f*«r*"-'.'- ■ "^^^

MOR

enee of which ii 8 m { they artf flAnkrd
by Tquare towirs, .ind ruiroutulcd Ity
a wide 4i>d deep ditch. The mofqticv,
CJrav.infarici, ptdiMc h«tli», liqu.irc*,
and pilacm «)f Ihe xiriffr* htv iiumi-r-
o\i», but in 4 Hate of diUpidatioii. The
heft houfcBiire nicioffd in w'.ird<n»; but
the generality of titrm, with tlie luiiii of
many, fcrve only to impn-fii ilic travel-
Itr with the idea of a milVrahle ami
dcferted city The inhahitants ait- ••Hi-
mated at 270|Ooe» li'tic more than »
third of the number it cuntaintd b«'fore
the court wag removed to Fez and Me-
quint z. The Jews, who are numerous,
have a feparate town, walled in, and
under the charge of an alcaid, appointed
by the emperor. It has two gaie«,
which are regularly fhut every evening
at nine ; after which no perfon can enter
or depart, till thi y are opened the next
morning. They have a market of their
own J and when they enter a Moorilh
town.'markei, or pilace, they are com-
pelled to be I) uct'ooted. Morocco ii 90
m E Mogador, and 400 s Oibraltar.
Lon. 8 low, iat 31 57 n.

Mortn, a town o( Spain, In Andalufia,
near wliieh u a mine «)f precious Aones.
It is 30 m 8E Seville.

Morotoi, one of tlu' Sindwich ifli's, 7
m wNw Mown* Yamu are the piiii-
cipal produce; but it ha* little wo. -d.
The coad, on the s and w fiiK-s, forms
fcvcral bays. Lon. 1 17 T4W. Iat. 21 \o N.

Morpeth, a l)orough in Nortlujmbcr-
laiid, with a maiket onWcdntlday. It
ftandB on the n bank of the Wanfp''ck,
and on the oppofi'e fide is the church,
and a caftle m ruins. Near the bridge
Is the county gaol; and here is a tree-
fchool, founded by Edward v 1. It is 15
m N Newcaftle, and 289 n by w London.

MorriJio<wn, a town of New Jerfcy,
capital of .Viorris county, in which are
rich iron mines. Here are two churches,
and an academy. It is 19 in nw >Jewark,
and 50 N by E Trenton.

Morfona, a town of Naples, in the
coni'ty of Molife, 14 m ne Molife.

Moriagne, a town of France, in the
department of Orne, famous for its
fcTgesand tanrierie.«, J9 in ese Seez, and
70 Wbw Paris.

Mortagne, a town of France, in the
department of Nord, at the conflux of
theSiarpcand Scheldt, 8 m i^ETournay.

Mortagne, a tovt^n of France, In the
dcpartmetit of Lower Charente, feated
on thf Gir(inde, 24 m s.sw Saintes.

Mortagne, a town of France, in the
department of Vendee, where a battle
was fought in 1793, between the royal-
iits and republicans, in whick the former

M OS

ire faid to have loft lo.oso men. It ii
^(\ m N I'Diiten.iy le Compie.

Mar tain, a town of France, in the de-
paiiment of Manchl*, on the rivulet
LanciH, alnioft I'urroundcd by cra(rgy
lock's, :o in I'. Avranch<'3.

Murturn,^ town of Italy, in MiUnefe,
and in tlic dillrld of Luiiiellu, 12 m sw
Milan.

Mortal/, un iflniid, the moft northern
of the .Nloiuccas, {iibje(5t to the fultan
of Ttrnate. It Ih 80 m in circumferencc»
and thinly inhatiitcd, but lull of f.igo
trees, which are cut by the people of
Gili>lo Lon. 128 o K, Iat. 3 o n.

Mortlich, a village of Scotland, In
Hanfrniirf, 6 m bw K'iith. Here Mal-
colm II, in memory of a vidtoiy gained
over the Daner<, founded a bilh 'prici
which wah tranflated tu Aberdeen by
David i.

Morviedro, a t(»wn of Spain, In Va-
lencia, uii the (ite of the ancient Sagun-
tum, with a ftrong caftle, called Sa-
gunta which was taken by the French
in lAii. Here are ruins uf a Roman
ampiiitheaire, &:c. It has a trade m
brandy, and ftands on a river of the
Time name, 4 m from the fea, and 16
N by E Vali-ncia

Mofa. a town of Arabia, In Yemen,
25 m N by K Mocha.

Mofambujue, a llrait or channel of the
Indian ocean, between the coift Of
Africa and the ifland of Madagafcar.
It in narrowest in the middle, where it
IK 240 m over ; and in this part, on the
continent, is h kingdom, ifland, and city
of the r.ime name.

Mofambiquey a kingdom on the coaft
of CaflVcria, oppolile the ifland of .Vla-
dafralcar. The capital is of the fame
name , fituate on an ifland, chief of three
iflands that form a part of the kingdom.
The lurpefl, called .Mofambique, Is not
more than 3 m in length, and half as
much in breadth, and is about 2 m from
the continent. I he other two, called St.
George and St. James, lie on each fide
of it, facing the continent. The iflands
are in general fandy, but in fomc parts
produce citrons, oranges, and other
fruits. The foil on the continent is lux-
uriant and fertile in rice, millet, fruit,
pulfe, roots, and other efciilents ; and it
feeds vaft quantities of cattle, large and
fmall, p,?rticularly llieep with large tails.
Here are wild beaftsof various kinds, as
It^gs, boars, and elenhanis, which laft
are lb fierce and dcftrudtive, that the in-
habitants are obliged to kindle large fires
round their fown fields, to prevent their
being devoured by them. The country
is alio rich in gold, which is waflied
2 I

1
4 <

•• I

I

ii

f!^

,il ifil

H

'<' V !1'

'wt'l

ctown by thi* rivrrt In grrit qti.inliilfit
aiul itiikfn ;i I Met p,iit oi' iticomtiu'rre.
|»nty, olioiiy, (1 t»c<, .I'ul citllc, art lik'--
wiT' ch.iitgrtl ft)i' Eiiropriu pordi*. The.
nulivPk 11,111(1 in ;i\vr dt' tlic Portiijou T',
>vlio nrc tlif «>ti!y I'.uropcii'H ;ii!mittiil
into fii'iif of thiir purt^, vvlutuc tiny
rxport tlu* ininn»oilitici» itlrcaJy men-
tiniird, nlio filvrr, Cuppi'r, nnd w.ix.
The nty of MoOiinliiqiir is ('tiil to In?
▼cry h;in<lli>»ti(', iiiul tlir Imilvlinp^ will
conilnidh'il, e(p' ci.il'y tlu? clnirctit'it ,uiil
convrtith; and the foit or i; illlc i'» al) >ut
a mulki t iht)l from th«; city. Tht- fort
licloiijiH lo tlic l\.rlinfi:cfc, who h.ivc
generally n good garrilou here, a weU
i\om\ mnguxii.e, and a l.trgc hoijiital
fur lick f.iiloru. Thiir (hip^ alw.iy h imII
licrr in goiii;; to ihc !•) loilicn; and the
h;trhoiir in li> commodious, that wholi^
flcris mny anchor and providt* thtm-
fflvcit with all nccrllaricH. L01.1. 41 8
U, lat. 15 5 s.

M<>jl)jc/i, a town of flcrimny, in thi*
Ink? pdatinafc of the Rhinf, with .1 caf-
tle. It hi; matiiifatitnrcn of cloth and
Cilt, and it) Icatcd on the Ncckar, iH m
K llridcibcrp.

^lojhurfr, A town of Ofrmaity, in Ca-
rinthii, 6 ni nw Clapcnlnit.

Mnjiitrvf, .1 town of Havaria, at (he
conflux ol the Amber with the Ifer, y ni
w I.andiliut.

Mvico-vy ; fee Ihtfl'.n.

Mo/ioiu, «)r Mojiof, formerly a du-
chy, Init now a govcmnunt of Uufl] 1;
hoiii (l»>d on tilt' N by llit; povcrniiicnt
cf Tver, li by that .of gtcit Volodiniir,
5 by the govf'rnn'.cnf; of K'dii;;o and
Kcf.ir, iind w by tliufc of Tver r.nd
Smolihflio. It is a fruitful coinitry,
and produces abundance (4" alp;'t;i^;u3.

Mojconv, a city of Riiflii, c.ipit li of
the government of Mofcow, inid for-
inerly of tlu; whole empire. It is the
lurppft city in Kinope; the circtiit,
within the rampi.it that cnch iVs the
fubuvbs, beirjf 36 ni ; l)i;t the popula-
tion does not cornf[)ond with the tx-
ttnt. it contain" within the ramparts
250,000 fouls, and is Uill the inoit po-
pulous city in the rmijii t, notwitliflai.tl-
inp the refidence of the court is at Pc-
tcrfburp. Mofcow is diftributcd into
five divifionii; the Krimlin, Khita";jo-
roil,Bielporod, Semlainoporod, and Mo-
boda. The Kremlin is in the ctnlral
and higheft part of the city, lurrounded
by high walls of Hone and brick, 2 m
in circumference. This divifion is not
deformed by wooden houf^s. It con-
tains the ancient palace of the czars,
now only rcm?rkal)le for being the
birthplace of Peter the grc .t ; allu liie

MOS

CAthrdi^I with Itvrn towers ferffAl
churches with beautiful fplrn, two con.
vcntH, the patiiarehd palact*. nnd thi
arrcniil. 'I'he Khitaigtirud is muih
lar«;rr th.m the Krtmlin : it contain*
the univtrlity, the print ^i)rhoiifr, and
many uttier public huihluif:*, with «lt
th" t'^'hl'ineuh Ih'ipii The houfet are
modi, iCv:uCil or whitc\van»(.«l J an*l
it h.i» -i only flrect in Molcow in
whicl. . c h nfei A.iinl 1 lod- to cai 1»
other. 'I'lie niclgnrnd, or White Town,
runs round the two pice^'ding divirion>;
it talus it natnc frotti u whitf wall, hy
whie!i it wa< fornncrly (iirrciinded. 'I'hfj
Semlaino;'or(Hl rnviroriH .ill the other
three divilionii, and is fo denominitted
from A circular rairiiart of earth by
which it is tncompaffed. The laft twi»
divilionrt ixhibit a grotiT([iii' group of
chun-hen, ccnventN, palaces brick •'"•'l
wooden hoiiien, and mean hovels. Thi?
Sloboda, or fiiburl<s, form a v ift exterior
ciiele round uil the p.irtH already (!<•-
fcribcd, and aie invelbd by a low ram-
part and (li'ch. Theli- luluiib* contain,
belidi; buildinirs of all kinds, orcha'dn,
garilens, cofii-fuldti, n.uch openpaliurr,
and fome bnall lakes, which give life to
the Ntgluia. The Mofkva, from which
the city takes its name, flows through
it ill a winding channel ; but, excepting
in fpring, is only navigable for rafts.
It reieivcs the Yonfa in tl'e St mlaino-
gorod, and the Ncghua at the weflirri
extn-mity nf the Kremlin ; but the beds
of both tliife rivulets arc nearly tlry in
fimima-. Mofcow exhibits an afl Miifli-
ing degrt c of t xtent and variety, irrcgn-
hrity, .ind contrafi ; fome parts have
the .'ppeirance of a iVquedtred delirt ;
others, of a populous town ; lome, nf a
conicmpti' !c village; others, of agrtnt
c.ipiial. The llni'ls. in general, arc
vi ry long and Lroad ; fome of them arc
jjaved ; olhers, particularly in the Ma-
iirliH, :'.it' fotir.td with trunks of trtts,
or a/e b'iarJed v.itli planl;s like the floor
)t' a room. Tin- pi 'ces of divine wor-
fliip, including chapel?, am'umt to above
15 ~o; of tlu'fc. 4(14 are public churches,
{' ine built ol brick, fluccced or v<hilt-
w,:llied, but the greater part are of
w<u)d, painted red ; Ibmc have doires
of copper, others of tin, gilt or paintid
green, and many arc roofitl uitli wocul.
They are richly ornamented within ; aiid
the pldures of the faints are decorated
with gold, fdveri and precious (louts.
Some of their bells arc of a flupendoiis
fizA' : they hang in W 1 fries detached from
the ' .lurch, are fixed immoviMbly to the
beams, and ruiig by a rope tied lo the
clapper. Boris Gudenuf gave a btU of

immenfe pile <

MOS

jl6,ooo pound* w.-iK-ht to the cathedral
of M«»(ciiw ; .111(1 rmprifi Ann t'uiindcd
a >)cll ihii wfi|{h<'<i 44),ooo poiiiidi,
which IN th.* I.jrmd III thr wtdlil. Thi»
\.\l\ n-mjiiM ill tlio pit whirc it wn
cilt, and 1 tri uigiiljr picri? \h hrokrii ott'
from itM pciiphcry ; (>ii ft (liv.il dayt (hi*
bell ill vifltcd y>y ihc n.iMvrn, who r<'y,ird
it wiili riprrflitioiiH vciicritioii. In tlic
c.ithdril of St. M'chari, tin- |i)VfrciKii4
of RiiHl I wcTf form<'rly intern-d : thi-ir
boiln'^irudrpfidii*! \i< r.iilid I'cptilchri'it
miiftly *>f" lirirk. ill »h<' Hi ipir ot .1 i-ofTin,
above Iho p.ivntii'rit. L.u h tnml) liaiti
•t the LiW' r exrcmity, a (ilvn pUt«
containing thf nimr (it the prin.'c and
the ti;ii(' (»f himliatli ; onyriMt fellivali
they arc all covt red uith pa'iN of gold
or lUvcr hrocadc, ftiivlilcil wdh pearU
and jewels. The cath- dral of tlu; Al-
fumption of thf Vir^;iii Miry is ilic- mofl
mannifiicnt in ibe tity, and lia» hccii
loiiK .ipnropriatfd to the coronation of
the Kidn.iii Ibvrri i^'iii. The toiiinlling-
hofpit.ii, foiuiilc'l hy C ithi'iiii'j 11, i<i au
imineiire pile of hu liliii^-, ol" a qnadratt'
gular Oiapcsiiil wilh (iiitani 8 00 found-
lings. Two in N of the city in 'he pi-
I.icp of P<'irov(ky, lh«' icli icnoe of Riil-
fian fovcrciyiis dnrirg their viliti to
Alolcow ; it id a Ur^je edifice of brick-
work, .mil hai an appe irunce of j;re.it
magnificeiicr, but tne llylo of architec-
ture is cumbrous an.l hiMvy. Molcovv
was entered by ilie French undir L'ona-
parte, Sept. 14, iHia; prince Ku'. 11 Ibfi*
having delf oytd Ihc m.^ja/ines, and
fettled other malierb, pn-Tioug to its
evacuation On the entry of the French,
a dreadful conflict nifui-d between
them and the remaining inhabitants and
troops, who fet the city on fire in all
qnirters, and the wooden houCes con-
tinued burning to the 21ft, when little
remained except the Kremlin. Hona-
parle, after a fisvere affair of out-polts
on Oi[. 4, finding it impollible to lub-
fift in the city, attemp'cd a ne^'ociatioii,
which was it In led with difdain by Ku-
tufdtf, who had made a Hank movement
with hi<j anny 40 m to the p. 1 he
whole Frenc h army was on its retreat
on the 1 8th, except a garrifon left in tie
Kremlin, which was forced on the aid,
and the Kuirians regained polFcfTion.
Molcow is the ceiite of the inland
commerce of RufTia, particularly con-
ne('ting die trade between Europe and
Siberia. The navigation to this city
i:i turmcd by the Mofkva, which flows
into the Occ.i, neav Kolomna, and that
rivprcommunicates with the Volga: and
alio by a canal to the Don, which river
cummunicates with the lea uf Albph.

M 0 !^

Mofcow !i 4t5 m ■» I'vtcilburg. Lon.
,7 y f.lat.j5 46K.

MojJoik, a town of Huflla, In the pro-
vince of '.uic.'ija, with R tortreti U
ha« ,1 HtifTiin church, two bebHminji to
the Armenians, und one to the CAiho-
lici t and \% featrd on the Terek, 6f ni
kM f '(orgicwfk.

Muj^l/ttii department of liaiue, in-
cluding p.irt it( the late provuur ^^t
Lon-.iin. It takii it* namr from a river,
whii h iif''» inthf Voiges, wiittm LpinAl
and 'i'oul, nceivcn die Meuilv b»-Ioy»
Nu'cy, and pjlling by Mit/., Thion-
vi;l>', and Tirvcs entera the Khine at
Cubic ntz. Metz h the capit il.

Mojirnia,^ towri of I'erlia, in (He pru-
vince (if Kiifidan, jj m sw Suiter.
M'jjiof ; fee Matljircoin-
Mojquite S/iere, A Country of New
Spain, on the Atl."iini(; ocean, contain-
ing the eallern part of the provinces of
Hondui.'*« and Ncira^ua. In magni-
tude it exceeds I'ortiu-al i Ih well wa-
tered by n.ivignble iivirs and lakes;
aboimdti in filh. K'>nie,and pioviliuni of
all (()rt8 ; furnillKt every mccllary for
railing cattle and Ituck ; and clothed
with wood.n producing timlxr for every
purpofe at land or I'l-a. The loil is fu-
pcriiir to that of the W India ill inda ;
the climate is more Ldubrious ; and the
dellriiiHive rav.iircs of hurric.uies and
tarlbiiuakes have never Ixru known
litre. The Mofquito Indi.ms are fii
fitunte between moradesand in.icceflible
mountaioN, and acoalt lull of locksand
fhoalii, that no attempt.^ a,;ain(l them
by the Spaniardv, whom they uiortally
hate, could ever fucceed. VVhrn the
duke of Albemarle wa» governor of
JamaiC'T, they fpontancoudy put th.'m-
fclvcs uiidi r tilt; pi ttt'(!lion of Great
Britain, and their king received a com-
rn'lliaii from bi-> grace, after which timr,
they were Heady in their alliance with
the F.iigiilh, and ufeful Ui thctn on many
occalions Utit tht^ cuiiu^xiun no longer
fublills; f • r by a convention with Spain,
in r786, the Englilh, in conliikration of
certain ctflions on fh- coait ot Ju'.atan,
agreed totvicuatc ihiacovinlry.

MofSf a fiaport of Norway, in the
province of Aggerbtiys, at the inouth
of a river of Its iianie, 0:1 the k tide of
Chriftiania b.iy. Here are in my law-
mills, and a large iion-found'ry. It is
38 m s Chriltiaiiia. Lon. 10 4>i F-, lut.

Aloijel Bay ; fee Mttj'cle Bay.

Mujskirch, a town ot SiiiDi.i, with a
fine caftle, 21 m n Conllance.

Moj/ithi, a town of the kingdom of
Congo, at the mouth of the- Unzo, 220

i ■

1 ♦

♦ I

If

MOU
■ tw It. Salftdor. Lofi. i» le i» Ut.

Mnjtiigan, a fr ipnrt of Algier*. in the
pruviiu'r i)f M.iic.mt with .1 imDUi uut
•I giiihi hnihxiiri 5-) m kNfc OrAn. Lon.

O .to * • lAt. ,{A 10 <s,

.\Ujlar% n frMport of Ttirkidi D4lm4-
ti I, Jiiil .« ()'r<*l< 4rchl>ilh(ip'» Itr . {rM-
r>t on thf N<4rrnzi| ao in Nk. N.trt-u/.i.
Lon. |4 )7 R, IM 4( 4H N,

.t/o/u/t « lily o» Afntic Tiirkty, in
Di'Uhfk, tiirroiiixlcd by lii}>h wilU,
And (Iffcnitfd t)y ,1 ciftlf and citudi'l.
The hoiiri-ii.in' in Icvcr^l pUcc* (txit* to
ruin ; hut it h.in a )(ii-at tr.i<lf, pailiiM-
l.irly in cloth, and all I'or.i of cotton.^
Nnd nikA At Ibmc diflancr ibA m«ir(|ii«*,
in which thry prftrnd the prophet
Jonah lin } mil they briiivc thiH titwii
A.uiilion tin- (lie tit' the ancient Njiifvch.
Thf inh.ibil.intii are Mohamedan"* j but
tlieir an* a v^rvM nunibcr of ChtiliianH.
In iM.t' '^ fuftain»d a li<KC by Ihi- IVr-
fiiiii. In 17 S, 'hf city anil adjacmt
country w« re vi(\tcd by a dreadiiil u-
mine. in conlitquence of thf pitceding
hard wint«'r, and of the inniirrerablo
iocudk by which the iiiiitH ot \hc earth
Were dtlhoycd. It \s lia'id on the
Tipr'*, ii^n m se Dt.iibckar, and 110
WN w H i){d.id. Lon. 4^ *, > , lat. '^6 11 N.

Mottilii, a town »)t Swfdvii. in I''.
Oothl.tnd, fiiuate 011 tiir n llde of th«*
rivfr Mniala, where it iHiun Irom the
lal<<' Wetter, :o in wnw Linkopin^;.

Motti/ii, a river ot Sweden, which
ifl'ni'ti bom the nk part ot the lake
Wt'tttr, flowstoNordkoping, and (oon
afterward cnterB a bay of the Baltic.
In itri courfe, through one of the richrft
vallic.i in Sweden, it formN lomr lakeland
rccciveflli'veral rivers. See i\orriiof>in_^.

Mofir, one of the Molucca illaiids.
ao m in circuit, and vilnahlt- fV.r its
fpiccs. Lon. 1:7 u i-, lat. o 10 n.

Motola, a town of Naples, in Terr;*
d'Otianto, 15 m nw Taranto.

Ahtrico, a town of Spain, in OuipuC-
coa, on the b;iy of Difcay, 18 m w St.
6cbaftian.

Motril,i\ ir^wn of Spain, in Granada,
with a good h;,rbour; fcated near ihc
Mediterranean, 37 la sk Granada. Lon.
3 28 \v, lat. 36 3» N.

Motta, a titwti of Italy, in Trevifhno,
at the conflux of the Mottigano and Li-
vcii'/a, j8 m n f. Trevi(b.

Muita, a town of Naples, in Capi-
tan.1t a, )i m tsK Volturara.

Mottling', fee M-llinf;.

Mom/), a town of Arabia, in Yemen,
the rtfulcncc of a prince; feated in a
fertile country, 90 m se Sana. Lon. 46
35 E, lat. 14 »0N,

MO If

MtUiUn, a town of SwilferUndi capl.
tal ot .1 b.iitiwic of the (4m«> name, in
the I'.tyA dr V.iiid, with A CMltlc on ihr
fiimmit of a muiiuidin, 1 a m m >< k Lau*
fanm*.

Mtiif'JrH t fre ('hfit'faHJf.

Mnulint, a town ol' Fr ncf , capital
nf the drp.irtmmt of AHier, and lately
A billiep'i lie. Itx m.iiiiifa^lurc of ciit«
lery in in V\''*'*^ efleem ( and the h(uif>!i
of the late C'.artrciix, and <>t the \ il>
(atioti, .lie III ignirtieiit It nt liMtitlrui
the Allm. over vthich li a Rnr bridge,
^o m M Nrvrrw, nnd jj N Clermont.
Lon < 10 ^ . l.it 4 A y\ N.

Moiilini *n (U/hi-rt, 1 town of I'rnncf,
In the department i>l Nirvre,at the foot
of the mniintaini of Murvan, 5 m »w
Chatiau t hmon.

Muuliiu lit Miircfif, n town of Francf,
in the department of Oine, 14 in ni
Alri'^iin.

Mou/ttiH, a province of Ilimlooft in,
boiindr«l tin the n by Lahore, k. ly Del-
hi and Aviincic. •* by Sindy, and w hy
I'tilia and Candahar. The orodu^li* are
cotton, fiigar, opium, gim, itilphiir,
iN'c. It w 1* lubjeiJI to th«' Seikit ; but .
the capital, Moiiltaii, had I'cen ^;airil«ii>cd
by the king of Canddiar ever fiiue 1779.
Motiltim, a ciiy <if Ilindoullin, ca-
pital of a pr viiice »)t the l.inie name.
Ii it of fmall extent, but llrorgiy for.
tifit d. and h.iH a ilmtloo temple ofgrcit
celebrily. Here in a p.irt"ciilar le»Jl tif
Iiindoo8, called C'alry ; liippoied to be
the Catlieri or Cathii, w mIi uhi m Alex-
ander warretl on the bnkNof the M.tlll.
Monltan is li*ated on one of the branches
of the fiidiis, a 10 in»w Lahore, and 310
tip( andahar. Lfn.704') K.lal.iQ^: s.
Moulton, South, a town in Divon-
fliire, govirtitd by aniay r, with a mar-
ket on Saturday. It \^ iB anciently,
with Ndr'h M(iulroii, (: in tiillanl) a
roy.il dtniifue, and fi nt incnibers to
parliament in the reign of tdw^nl i,
Much lime is matir m the luijilihour-
hoi.d, and it has niaiinlaiiliires of It i}:c»,
iliallnonv, and feltH. It is leated on an
emineiue, by the river Moule, u m se
iiirnltajih'. .Mid 178 w by s London.

Moii/tonlinrottjfJi, u town of New
Hamplhire, in Stratford county, litu.itc
at the NW corner of Winnipifcogce
lake. 40 m c Hanover, and 50 nnw
Pivtlinouih.

Mount Hay, a bay in the Enplifli
channel, on the .s coaft of Cornwall,
between the Lands-end and the Lizard
Point. Within it rifes a lofty peninlii-
lated rock, called Mount St. Michael,
near the town of Marazion, to which
there is a dry paflage at low water.

'■TfiriWiVwi**!''"-

y^^.ifr^r^"^"---*''

MOII

jU«iiM/f'A«tr/#i,4litMiiiufIri-l4nit,lnthc
Ciiinity t)l U<»Kg4l, 4 m wtv^ l),)u»y d.

\ttitiil ihi^rlf * fcriilc liUiui dm thr
iDifl f»f Ilk- tMlrlt'l ut Miiiif,tn Mxn-
i-.K-k coiitity. I j II) lotivc 4ii«l II britad-
It i« iiit'TliCU'd ill llu- ttidilli , hy Ihr
WJli'rt fluwiiiK iut«> III'- 1 li U' triMii thr
1(4 1 and iKu n part U r«p4r4li-d from
'rri'iiiiin, u!i the m^inUiiil, by « ftrait 9
nt witic

Muu'ii llollf, A tiiwii nf Ni'W Jcrfry,
in Hiiiliiigluti iMiihiy, 011 tie- n liitv uf
AnocDU* ('ie>'k, 7 m ti^ Uuilinxtdn.

MuuHhntlli(k, ■! titwii i)( InliiiJ, iit
(^iiciMi county. 'I lie wixil coiiibtng,
rniltinKi and t.iniiiiiK Imliiicin'^i the
('(tttdii miiiuCtCttirc 4ii<l ItliMchiiiK, 4rc
L'.inickl (til hne. It i* l< .ited uii tht*
Bjrriw, ^ Ml N M.iiyli(>iiMiKh.

Mountntth, a town i.r' lr'I...Kl, in
Queen couii'y. In tht ncittliliourhond
arr ftmu- iron worki ( iml thi- vvcuillin
ni'inufu^ture f •mil Ihi* pniuipd tridc.
It JH 6 m w iw M.iryl)iirtiiigh, .iiid aj N
Kilkenny

MoHHifurrel, a titwn in Lciccllerftiirf,
with .1 market on Montl.iy, f.Mitd un
the Soar, at the loot ut' a hi^h tnoiinl
ur rock, of a rorrcl«c<>luur«'d Hone, with
which the town in chiitly hiiilt and
paval. It is ao tn »:>k Derby, and 105
NNv^ London.

Mottra, a town of Portugal, in Alfn-
tejo, with an old caftic; fr.drd ii«'ar the
cuiiliux uf the Ardila with the Guadia
iKi, u Ti iHi: livora.

Muuraon, a town of I'ottiiRal, in
Alciittjo, with a calHi* ; ft.i'ed on the
burdcrn of Spain, and near the Oua-
dian.i, aH m k by » I'.vora.

Mourzvuk, the cnpital of Fczzan,
with a fortrefH, in which is the lUitan's
pallet*. It id fltuate on a rivul< t. and
fiippticd with water from a multitude
of Ipriiigs and wells- The medley
which it prcfcnta to the eye, of the vaft
ruins of ancient buildings, and the hum<
hlo cott;ii;r8 of earth and (and that
form the dwellingn of its prcient Arab
iniiabitants, is lingularly groteli^uc and
llrango. It is furroundod by a high
wail, with three gaic3, at which is col-
k'(5lcd a tax on all goods (provifions
excepted) that are brought for the fup-
ply of its people. The commerce is
conliderable, but confifts merely of
foreign merchandifc brought by the ca-
ravans from Cairo, Bornou, Mefurata,
and other fmall troops of traders.
Mourzouk is 290 m s Mefurata, and 700
Nw Bornou. Lon. 15 35 E,lat- a; 54 n.

Moujfy, a river of Hindooftan, which
croflttH the country of Golconda, and
runa into the Kidna, on the borders of
the circar of Paluaud.

MUD

M»H/I'nn% « tnw)i ot Prince, in tli«
tlep4ritnf'it <>( Lowir M|m, with 4 (ii4<
nutaOtiiri* <if p<ir»el4in| !• 4lcd hrtw«cn
two craKKy inou'ii.niis, 9 in > Kitx

MoUfinri, or Miniih0ri^ « town of
r>.tvtiv, l.iiil^ ,in .11. hlii(h'>|)'« In* In
the iM-ighbourho4itl |(und fait l« madc-

It \^ lifuiir Amid craimy muuntAim, at

the cunnux t)f the Doiion with the
ll>ri-, 17 III y by 11 Chaiiib* ry. Lon.
ft .U f. I«l 43 «» »».

Mouxon. a town nf Frant'C, in the dc*
parrmciit uf Ard< line*, with 4 in.tiiuliic*
tun- t)f Strncs \ fcuicd on the M%ulr»
9 tn • I* S«-dan.

Mitiutt, one «»f ihr Sandwich id null,
162 m III cireuit A low illhmui di-
vili'» i( into two ci>ciil.«r pt'iimluli-i, of
which the earttrn i« doiiole he ll/.e of
th.' wcdirn The mountain* in htith
rife to H Kreat hvi|(ltt, but the country
pr<lVnt« an appearance of venlure uid
fertiliiy. Near the w point of ihe fnulU
•■r pciiiiifiila ii a fp.i.ioim bay with .1
Tandy bcich Ih.uled w th coco i>iiut trees.
Lon. 175 56 w. lat. 10 s,^ n.

Moi/envii:, a town of I'Vancc. in the
dep.irtmcni .f Vleuiti-, iiottd lorit* fait
Ipring, a m km. Vic, and 16 !•. Nancy.

Mozir, .1 toivn »)t l.ithii.inia, in the
p.ilati.iatt of Minfk. on the riv^r Pri-

Ect, 140 in H»K Miiilk. Lon. 29 jo u,
It. M >0 N.

yi/iUlha^ a town of .'.fiatic Georgia,
anciently the capital o» the country, and
then a magiiiticent city, ol which tx-
tcidive ruin» nmain. lliiv many of
the kingii and princex h.ive been inter-
red, and tlie old church '\* one of thr
finifl Itrudurciiiii Georgia. It iH lituatc
on the Kur, immeuiatcly below the in*
llux of the Aragivi, 15 m nnw T. flis.

Mj'cijlaw, A town uf Lithuani.i, lately
the c;;pital of a palatinate o!' tiie fame
name, but now lubjettt to Kuliia, and
in th-' government v'i Mohilef. It in
featcd on the Sofz, 50 m s Smolcnlk,
and 64 BNK Mohilci. Lou. 34 3» I,
hit. j4 a8 N.

^lucheln, a town of Upper S.ixony,
ill Thuringia, 8 m wsw iNIeifburg.

Muc'tdan, a town uf France, in the
department of Dordogne, op the river
Ille, 18 m s\v Pciigueiix.

Muck^ an iflaud uf Scotland, one of
the Hebrides, 4 m sw of that of Eigf,
It i» 3 m lung and a mile broad; thtc
Toil in general good, and beeves tiirive
well. Kelp is burnt on its Ihores, and
much oil extracted from the livers Qf
the funfilh.

Mudietiberg, 3 town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, az m n e Meiflen.

MuJjti'a, or Muntlania, a town of
Afiaiic Turkey, in Natolia, oa a gulf of

( '

IM U T.

ttie fet of Marmora. The commerce is

• ery corifiiliTablc m grain, fruit, wine,
(altpelre, filk, and the in:Miiirri6hin 6 of
Burf.i, wliich .ire hroUK'lit here for ex-

ay

\ I

portation. It is 17 m n liuilii. Lon.
JO K, lat. 40 2/ '.' .

Muer, or ^1/ tfkr, a river lliat riff s in
the tlijchy of S^i/Sntg, tronts Stiria,
by Miicran, Jtidfiii'inij, Miicr, C.tatz,
and Lnttt'ubmj;, piiI j.iiris tlie Dr.tve,
ne;^r C.iniftlia, in llinij^iry.

Mi.rr, a town of Gtrmaiiy, in Stiria,
on tlif liver MiHT, 25 rn nw (vra'z.

Muerau, a town of Gtroiai y, in iSti-
ria, with a citadtl on m 1 nili • iicc, by
llif rivcT Miitr, a m w J.^'m- irp.

JMiiiffln, New, a town cf Upper Sax-
ony, in Mifnia, with a raftle called Ru-
cethal. Notfii hence is the viiliget)f Old
AliiRfln It is 18 m w liy a Nji-iflRti.

Mugia, a town of Spam, in Galicia,
on the w ci)a(l,4o m wnw Compolt<:lla.

Mu^Ua, a town of Italy, in Ulria,
with a cifllc, and a harbour for barges,
5 m sF. Trieil.

Mu^lit%, a town of Moravia, in the
circU' of Oimiitz, 22 m NNwOimutz.

Muhlhirgt a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, with a caftle, fituatc on the
Elbe, .^o m nw Drefden.

Muldorft a town of Bavaria, on the
N bank of the Inn, 23 ni ssE KandOint.

Mujacar, a feaport of Spain, in Gra-
nada, with a flrong caftle on a moun-
tain ; fe.^ted on a bay of the Mediterra-
nean, 40 m NE Almcria. Lon. i 55 w,
lat. 37 7 N.

Muirkirk, a town of Scotland, in Ayr-
fhire, with confiderable manufaiflures of
iron and coal tar; fituatc on the river
Ayr, 35 m E Ayr, and 5 i sw Edinburg.

Muldau, or Moldav, a river of Bohe-
mia, which rifes on the confines of Ba-
varia, and flows by Budweis and Prague
into the Elbe, oppofite Melnick.

Mulhaufen, a city of Uppei Saxony,
in Thuringia, capital of a territory of
it3 name. The inhabitants, about 9000,
are Lutherans. Here arc fome flourifii-
ing fchools, and a convent of Auguuine
nuns. It is feated in a fertile country,
on the Unftrut, 17 m nnw Golha.
Lon. 10 j,y E, lat. 51 10 n.

Mulhaiifen, a town of France, in the
dep.irtment of Upper Rhine, with ma-
nufadures of printed linensandcottonsj
feated on the J!!, 24 m s Colinar.

Mul/ieim, a lown of Weitphalia, in
the duchy of Berg, feated near the
Rhine, 3 m ne Cologne.
_ Muli'vaddi/, a river of Ceylon, which
rifcs at the foot of a high mountain,
called Adams Peak, 60 m ne Colum-
^0} flows weftward, and enters the fca

INT IT N
by fcveral bnnehes. The largcft of
thefo, f illi'l tlie Mutwal runs into the
foa 3 111 If nith' fort o' Cc'nmbn, and
it iiavir.'lve for boats upward of 35 m.

^hifl, oi'C of the Hcl. rides of Soet-
kiui: 17 m ill length, and in fo-nr place*
of eqi; il breadtli, (eparatetl from tlip
in.imioil of Arrylelhire l>y a thannel
called the SoumI of Mull. Mere are
many good natural harbours, and tlie
ruins of feveral ancient caflles. Tlie
foil is, for the mod part, rocky and oar-
rrn ; imt the hills abound with i'priii,''s,

' tie covered with tlie.p and cattle;
tlicfe, with the flfiiery, and a confider-
able quantity of kelp, are the articles of
commerce. The principil place is To-
berniory.

MulUnfrar, a borouph of Ireland,
capital of the county of W Meath. It
holds a great wool mart, and is a placi:
of good trade, 45 ni w by n Dublin.
Lon. 7 15 w, lat. 53 30 n.

Mulluvta, a river that rifes in Mount
Atlas, divides the empire of Morocco
from the kingdom of Algiers, and enteri
the Mediterranean fta.

Muhofty II town of Brandenburg, in
the Middle mark, on a cannl between
the Spree and Oder, 10 m sw Frankfort.

Mn»c/tl>er!r, a tow ' . f Franconia, iti
the principality of IJuyrcuthi 16 m fc
Culmbnch.

Mtiru nberf^t a town of Branden-
burg, in the Middle mark, with filk and
woollen manufactures, 34 m e Berlin.

Munda, a town of Spain, in Granada,
30 m WNW Malaga.

Mundeitt a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of BrunA ick, fituate on
the Werra, at the influx of the Fuld ,
where their united ftreani forms tl i
Wefer.* Good millftones arc found
in the neighbourhood. In the war of
1756 it was fevcral times in the hands
of the French, who did not evacuate i(
till 1762. It is 10 m NE Caflcl, and ij
sw Gottingen.

Munder, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Brunfwick, on the river
Hamel, 8 m nne Hamclin.

Munderliinffen, a town of Suabia,
which lately belonged to Auftria, feated
on the Danube, 9 m n Buchau.

Mundu, a town of Hindooftan, in the
province of Malwa, of which it was
anciently the capital. It was then 11
m in circuit, and contained many mo-
numents of ancient magnificence, but
it is fallen much to decay. It occupies
the top of a large and lofty mountain,
46 m s Ougein, and no nnw Burhan-
pour. Lon. 75 47 e, lat. zz 50 m.

Mmgl9rit a town of Candahar, \*

MUN

tlic country of Caliul, ij^ tn w C i<h-
int-rc and 135 K Cabul. Ldii. 71 15 k.,
lat. v» !,<; v.

MiiHj^ulltaut, a town of IlinMoofltan,
in Heti,<;il, witli a ni,-imif;iduic ot ..oarli.:
cotton clDllit!, (iuiatc on the Diirlali, 20
in NNK Runi'poiir.

Munich, a fortified rily, capital of
B.iv.iria, and t!)e tiiii ' town in Gim-
maiiy. It contains near 40,000 iiihaliit-
nuts. The houIVs an; hi^li, and the
(trcfts fpari.iiis, with canals in many of
them. The pal uc in a iliipcndons
Itrni-'tun', maj^nificcntiy aiKiriK'd. J'he
cMhinet of curiolitica, the miHijum, the
lihrary, and iht; ariuial, merit attenti<jn.
Thi- cathcdr.il cnMt;iin3 lh»^ LoinU of one
orthefmpcror^.ol' black m.-rblo, adorn-
ed with Italuts of l)ro!izc. Among t'.io
numerous convents, the cojlci/e f')r-
int-rly brlooj^ing to the jciiiits, .ind tho
convent rf i'lc 'J'.'icatiiK'j, an; mi)!l
v'ortfiy of noticp. Tlie larjie market-
place, in "'hich is the t.')\ynhniife, is
very bequtifni. Here ar.- rninnf.u'ttiros
of lilk, velvet, wooll.m cioiii, km, I ta-
pi'itry. Near the city are two ollu-r pa-
iaccs, Nymphcnbii.g iuid Schlelbcim.
>lin;Ich has often b'^cn taken in the
wars of Germany; .ind in 1/96 and
1800, it was t'dcen by tlic French. It is
feared on the ifer, ■^ ^ m rsc. Augfburg,
and 62 s by w Katiibon. Lon. 11 ^o k,
lat. 48 10 N.

Munknts ; fee Marif^iratZ'

Munnerjladt, a town of Franconia, m
the principality of vVnrtzb'irjr, filuate
on the Laiier, ij vi n Scinvciiirart.

Mun>ir/pour, the capital of , the coun-
try of ('a/Tay. It: was taken and piiljged
by the Birmans in 1774. It is a 10 m
NNw UmtTierapoora, and 410 k by N
Calcutta. Lon. 04 40 k, lal. 24 30 n.

Mun/!n_^en, a town oi Siiahia, ir. the
duchy of Wirtembcrg, with a cafile, 20
m w Ulin.

Munjier, n province of Ireland, 1:^5
m long and i :o broad ; bounded on
the N byConnaight, e by Leinder, anil
s and vv by the Atlantic. It contains
tlir counties ol Clare, Tippi'rary, \Va-
ttrford, Cork, Limerick, and Kerry,
'i'he principal place is Cork.

Miaijlr., a [.rii'.ripdity (late billiop-
rlc) of Germany, in llie circle of Wclt-
phiilia ; boiindefl on t!ie N by K Fiicf-
latid and Oldenbiiig, E by Ofnabmg
and the counties of Diephoitz, Linemen,
Tecklenburg, Rf^vcnlbnrg, and L'ppe,
s by the duchy of Weftphalia, county
of Mark, and duchy of Cieve, and w
by Holland and the county of Ikn-
theim. It contains 1360 fquare m, and
is divided into tbc upper and lower

MlITl

principality. Th. tincf rivers nrf the
r.n's. Lippc, V'eJu, ,u;d berl»«'l. The
cotirHiy \i ti'vrl, vvi'h fortie i.Tcei'i'ii
hc';.'h;s, blu no niou'il liiij ; . nd ii h 19
fnnrf'ul p,aiiis, fine w.'Oilh, txi»'nh.i;
heaths that feed many ^.itt.f, am' i^ood
qii nries ol Ifonc. In i8.'i, the I>i(!iop-
ric was leciilarifed, «nl j^.ivfti as an
indernnity to the king ol PnilTi.. by
wh>)m, at the peare ofTilfr. t w 13
ccd-d to Wcftphalia.

Munjhrt a conliJerable city, etp'ial
of the [irineipaliiy ol the f.'.uie rMiiie,
ami of all Wellphalia. It is envr •ne:!
wiMi double ditciie.^ and ramp ir.t,, and
had a!lo a Iboni; ci! iel, wliicli was
demolillud in i/6'm ai Irepl'erd by a
magnificent p.ilace. The cathedn!, the
lilirary ot the chapter, and many -in-
ti.piitics are worthy of notice. In i5?.i;»
a tailor, called John of Leyden, kin,; of
the anabaptills, made himiclf inait. r of
tlic city; but it was retaken iii i,'.^6,
after 14 months fipge, .••..irt this fdnatic
was torfnrcd to deatii with redhot pin-
cei;'. 'Fhe famous treaty, calicd tin;
treaty of Weftpi'.alia, was conclnd'xl
here in 1648, which ended the religions
wars of 7,0 years continuance. In the
war of 1756 this city liiftninod f;:veral
fitges, and was taken in ij"?'). It is
feated on the Aa, 50 m kn k V^ >•{(•], .'iid
52 wNw Paderboru. Lon. 7 49 t, lat.
51 3T N.

;1/«;//7cr, atownof SwilTerland, i 1 the
cantonof Lnceuic. 12 m Nf tnv Lik erne,

M/'tij/cT, a town of SvvifTerlariJ, in the
cniiton of Grifv)!!., i ^, in n Bormio.

J/7/////f r, a town of I'r.mcf, nit he depart-
ment of IJppif R line, o in w.'w Colniar.

MfiKfler /■•///AA ■> to.vii of France, in
thi" tirp.irliiuiit of llut-r, lately of Ger-
many, in the ducljy of Ju'ier.'i, j6 m
Sbw C ohigne.

Miwjhr Mc'iKft'ld, a town of Franc?,
in the dcpartm-nt of Iva;ne auil Mo-
lelle, lately of (iernaany, iii th? elec-
torate of Treves, 11 m s»v Cohlentz.

Mu>:i}tri>i.rir^ a town of Sd'Tii, capi-
tal of a principality of the i.imc nrane,
ricii in grain, flax, hnnp, and hops. It
is liatcd on the Ohlau, 13 m ;J vv Ni ifle.
Lon. 17 3 F, lat. 50 31 N.

Mtmtzaiberj^s a town of Gtimany, in
Wetteravia, with an ancient callle, i\ m
s Gicffin.

Miir de Barrez, a town of France, in
th • department of Avciron, 3am* by
t RiiodcZ.

MuraHo, a town of Italy, on an ill md
of the fame name, one of the larg^^lt of
the Lagunes of Venice. Here ihe fa-
mous Venetian looking-glaflcsare made.
It is 3 tn N by i Venice.

^

3* «i

I ,i

MU8

Murat, a town of France, in the
department of C'lntal, feated on the
Alaignon, near its lource, iz m nw St-
Flour.

Mureia, a province, formerly a king-
dom, of Spain, bounded on the n by
New Caftilc, b by Valencia, w by An-
dalufia and Granada, and s by the Me
diterranean. It is 62 m long and 58
broad ; and the principal river is Se>
^ura. The foil is dry, and it prsducei
little corn or wine ; but there is plenty
of oranges, citrons, lemuns, olives, al-
monds, miilberriee, rice, pulli;, and
fug.ir. It ha8 alfo a great deal of (ilk.
The vale of Murcia is celebrated for the
variety and richnefs of its culture ; ,ind
the mountains are covered with Ihrubs
and odoriferous plants.

Murcia, a city of Spain, capit.il of a
provi nee of the lame name, and a bifliop's
i(:e. It has a lofty ctthedral, and the
altar is ofmaflive filver. The inhabit-
ants are computed at .50,000. Here are
manufaiftures of iilk ; and Bne gardens
about the city, in which are the bed
fruits in Spain. It is feated on the Se-
gurar over which is a bridge, 27 m n
Carthagena, and ziz&e Madrid. Lon.
1 16 Wjlat. 37 5»N.

Murtt, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Garonne, feated on
the Garonne, 10 m s Touloufe.

Murfretjboroughy a town of N Caro-
lina, chief of Gates county. It (lands
on the Mcherrin, 30 m e by n Halifax,
and 40 NNw Edenton.

Murhardy a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtcmburg, with a Benedic-
tine abbey, on the river Mur, 8ms
Halle.

Murot a town of Naples, in Bafilicata,
at the foot uf the Apennines, iz m se
Conza.

Muros, a town of Spain, in Galicia,
at the mouth of the Tambro, 29 m w
by s Compoftella.

Murray Frith, &c. fee Moray.

Murten ; fee Morat.

Mufa, a town of Arabia, in Yemen,
furrounded by walls, 18 m e Mocha.

Mujcat ; lee Ma/cat.

Muj'cle Bay, a bay on the s coaft of
Africa, fo named from the abundance
of mufcles in it, and of their ihelis found
in the caves and fhelves of the rocks on
its lliore. It affords good anchorage,
but lies open to the st winds ; and at
the entr;M)ce on the w point, is a high
rock called Cape St. BJaife. Lon. az
50 E, lat. 33 40 3.

xMu/ca, a town of Liifatia, capital of
a lordlhip of the fame name, with a

MYS

caftle, feated on the NeilTe, 35 m vvw
Gorlitz.

Mujkinffum, a river of the ftatc of
Ohio, which runs s into the Ohio, at
Maiietta, where it is 250 yards wide.
It is navigable by large barges no m
from its mouth, and by fmall boats 45
m further, to the lake at its head,
whence, by a Ihort portage, a commu-
nication is opened to Lake Erie. See
Cayaha^a.

Mti/ot a town of Terra Firma, in
New Granada, leated on t' <: Madalena,
70 m N'J w St. Fe.

MuJMurg, a I'eaport of Scotland, in
F.diniiurgnnie, near the mouth of the
I'^lk, over which is a bridge to the fub.
utb of Fiflierrow. It enjoys many
privileges, and has fi'ven incorporated
trader. It is 5 m e Edinburg.

Mujlagatn, MuJlygaHttim, a feaport
of Algiers, in the province of Mafcata,
with a caftle, 140 m wsw of the city of
Algiers. Lon. o 30 k, lat. 36 z« n.

Mu/uela, a town of Spain, in Andalu-
lia, lituate on the Guadalquiver, 7 m
NE Jaen, and 50 n Granada.

Muteodu, a town of Hindooftan, in
My fore, noted for its manufacture of
the glafs ufed for making the rings that
are worn on the wrifts of the native wo-
men. It is 34 m w Sera.

Mutfchen, a town of Upper Saxony,
i.i Milnia, near which are found a kind
of cryftals, called Mutfchen diamonds.
It is 20 m £ Leipzic

Muyden, a fortified town ©f 8 Hol-
land, on the Zuider zee, at the influx
of the Vecht, 6 m ese Amfterdam.

Myconi, an illand of the Archipelago,
30 m in circuit. The foil is dry, and the
mountains are of great height. Here
are plenty of partridges, quails, wood-
cocks, turtledoves, rabbits, and wheat-
ears ; alfo excellent grapes and figs.
Almoft all the inhabitants are Greeks.
Water is very fcarce in fummer ; but io
the town is a large well, the only one
in the ifland. The harbour is open,
and deep enough for the largell Ihipsto
ride fecure from the n wind. Lon. 25
ai 1, lat. 37 38 N.

Myfod, a town of Wales, in Mont-
gomeryfliire, with a market on Friday ;
feated on the Fyrnwy, izm nnw Mont-
gomery, and 190 NW London.

Myjbl, an ifland, the moft eaftern of
the Moluccas, of a triangular form,
with a bold Ihore. The villages are
built in the water upon pods; and there
are forefts vifited by the birds of para-
difc, which are caught in great num-
bers. Lon. 13Q 0 s« lat. z • s.

ar

Myfortt a
of limdooftai
and B ridges
from 1 1 3« ^0
M part from 7
diminifliing Ih
s till it ends i
extremely irr
the middle pai
irteleyind t
is in general
and barren ;
and mountair
ficial means f<
gardens, &c.
eli'phants,
Oxen, buffa
ruus, and in
are bred ; but
The chief pi
pepper, cocoa
butter, and
country, witl
the N and k, <
betore, Mai;
fubdued by \
who ufurped
1759, and m
pital. He w
Sultaun, wh
ftate of warfai
a wa, in 179
30 lacks of ri
ofhisdominit
allies, the Mi
the Deccan.
place, his capi
and himfclf k
tition of his
place ; and 1'
the Britilh 01
at My fore, at
pital of his c
five years o
pointed to h
Myfore; am
Nagara, Chi
didroog wcri
for which th
of ftar pagO(
Seringapatai
for provifioi
and Tippoi
rajah of M;
three great
Nagara to t1
NE, fo cal
where the c
Patana difti
of itfelf a n
tory than e
Myfore fan
Mysore, £
of the cou

S^^SRSfifiWSSif

Mj,««m*i*a*ft«

MY8

Myforet % country in the peninfula
of limJooftan, lying between the w
and K ridgen of the Oauts. It extends
from II 30 to 15 o N lat. and in the
M part from 74 55 to 78 35 w Ion. but
diminifhing thence ub it approaches the
s till it ends in a point. The n Tide is
extremely irregular and indented, and
the middle part branches out above a de-
gree ley* nd that to the e. The country
is in geni-ral dry» rugged, mountainous,
and barren ; but there are fev«'ral rivers
and mountain torrents, which by arti-
ficial means ferve to water rice- grounds,
gardens, &c. In the forefts are many
elephants, and tiger's are common.
Oxen, buffaluSr and goats <ire nume-
rous, and in the me part many flieop
are bred ; but horfes and affes are few.
The chief products are rice, cotton,
pepper, cocoa and b('tet-nut,fugapcaiie,
butter, and oil. The whole of this
country, with fome other territories to
the N and K.and the provinces of Coim-
betore, Malabar, and Canara, were
fubdued by Hyder Ally, a Mooielinin,
who ufurped the throne of Myfore, in
1759, ^^^ made Seringapatam his ca-
pital. He was fucceeded by Tippoo
Sultaun, who continued his father's
ftate of warfare. On the termination of
a wai' in 1791, Tippoo agrerd to pay
30 lacks of rupees, '■nd to cede one half
of his dominions to the Britiih and their
allies, the Mahrattas and the ni/am of
the Deccan. In 1799 a new war taking
place, hiscapital was taken by theBritifh,
and himfelf killed in the aflault. A par-
tition of his remaining territories took
place ; and Kiftna Rajah was placed by
the Britifti on the mulhud of his fathers,
at Myfure, and that town remade the ca-
pital of his dominions. He being only
five years old, colonel Clofe was ap-
pointed to be refident with the rajah of
Myfore ; and the northern fortrefri'S of
Nagara, Chittledroog, Sera, and Nan-
didroog were garrifoned by the Britiih,
for which the rajah is to pay feven lacks
of ftar pagodas yearly. The ifland of
Seringapatam was retained by the Britiih
for provifiou of the families of Hyder
and Tippoo. The dominions of the
rajah of Myfore are now divided into
three great diftridts, Patana to the s,
Nagara to the nw, and Chatrakal to the
NE, fo called from the three places
where the chief offices are fituate. The
Patana diftridl is by far the largeft, and
of itfelf a much greater extent of terri-
tory than ever before was fubjedt to the
Myfore family.

Mysore^ a city of Hindooftan, capital
of the country of the lame name. It

N Aft

was ruined by th« late two fultani ; but
fince the Britiih reftorcd the ancient
family in 1799, and made it the r^ij.ih's
feat of government, nunierouH biiiidingt
have been eredted, and the principal
ftreet is about a mile long. The ton 's
well built; no houfes are permitted to
be eredled on the efpianade, and there
is much empty fpacc within the walls.
The palace is Imall and neat. Myfore is
feated in a valley, :o m s Seringapa-
tam. Lon. 76 50 E, lat. la 15 N.
Mytilene\ kc Metelin.

N.

Naas, a borough of Ireland, in the
county of Kildare, where the afllzcs arc-
held alternately with Athy. It was
formerly the rdidence of the king.-* of
Leinftcr ; and feveral parliaments have
been holden here, it is fit 11 ite on a
branch of the Uffey, la m E by N Kil-
dare, and %o sw Dublin.

Nab, a river of Germany, which
iflucs from Mount Fichtelburg, in the
principality of Bayreuth, flows through
the palaunate of Bavaria, and enters the
Danube a little above Ratifbon.

Nabal, a town of the kingdom of
Tunis, celebrated for its potteries.
Near it are feveral remains of aniiquity.
It is feated near the fea, 3am sse Tunis.
Lon. 10 19 E, lat. 53 13 N.

Nabburjj, a town of the palatinate of
Bavaria, on the river Nab, 10 m ese
Amherg.

jSiabious ; fee Nn/>o/o/f.

Nadee^jila ; fee Kuriles.

Naefits^ a town of SwilTerland, in the
canton of Claris. In 1388, a vidory
was gaintd near this place, by 350
troops of Claris aflilted by 50 Schweit-
zers, over 15,000 Auftrians; and, in
memory of this tranfadtion, a chapel
was built on the fpot, which was rebuilt
in 1799. Nacfeis is 4 m n Claris.

Naerden, a ftrong town of 8 Holland,
at the head of the canals of the pro-
vince, of which it isconlidered the key,
III 1573, it w.is taken by F<rnando de
Toledo, fon of the duke of Alva, and
all the inhabitants were m.ilTicred. In
1672, it was taken by the French, and
retaken by the prince of Orange the fol-
lowing year It is feated on the Ziiider
zee, 14 m ese Amfterdam. Lon. 5 11
E, lat. 5a 19 N.

Nagamangala, a fquare .own of
Hindoollan, in Myline, with a citadel
in the centre, both fortified with mud
walls. In the outer town a wide itreet
extends all round, wUh flxort lanes on

i

, "ft:

\.*'

» I

I \

' ii

NAII

each fide to tlie outer and Innrr w,ill.
In the fort arc two large temples, nnd
a ruinous palace- It it 30 m N Serin-
gapAtum.

Nai^ara, or Ifyt/er-nnifarn, a city of
Hiniloort:ui, capital of llie nw dillridl
of Mylbrc It was fi)rnicrljr called
Biddcruni, am\ by Europeans Biiidc-
norc or Ucdiimc ; but iccrivcd its pic-
ft'iit n.imc, in 1763, on being taken by
Hydcr, who ni;idr it his principal ar-
fenal, and a pLcc of pif,it mapnitude
and commerce. It afterward dtclined,
bt'inj; neither the feat of a court, nor of
?.ny public works, except the mint. In
17?!, it was taken by thf Britilh, atid
retaken foou afier by Tippoo; but on
his tirial defeat, in 1799, it was ceded
to the rajah of Myforc, by tlic IJrii'/h,
r/ho keep a garrifon in the fort. I'he
furrounding country is hilly, and over-
grown with woods, in which arc mai:y
fortified dtfile.'^ and paffes, gu.irdtd by
the rajah's tio.ips. Nagara poTeOes no
manui'ai5turei; ; but has ftill a confider-
ahletrade in the produce of thocountry,
which confilU of pepper, betel-nut,
fai'dal wood, and cardamons ; nnd alfo
in a great variety of articles brought
hither from dilhint places. The city
contains above 1605 houfes, befidc
huts, and is now in an improving flate.
It is 70 m N by E Mangalore, and 150
WW Seringapatam. Lon. 75 8 e, lat 13

48 iW

A'<7,?««. a town of Candahar, in the
province of Calnd, on the rivi-r Cow-
mul, 70 m w by n Attock, and lao s
Cabul.

NiJ^era, a town of Spain, in Old Caf-
tile, with a fort, 3 m nw Calahorru,
and 1.38 N Madrid.

Nagc/a\ a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemburg, with a ruined
caftli, litnate c-n a river of the fame
name, 15 m w Tuiiingcn.

2\agore, a town of Hindocflan, in the
country of Agimere, 50 m nv/ Agi-
mere. Lon. 74 48 k, hit. 27 9 n.

Nagpoitr, a city of Ilindooflan, ca-
pital of that part oi Heiar which is liib-
jedt to a chief of the ilillcrn Mahrattas.
It is extenfive and popnloue, but meanly
built ; anil, excepting a ("mail citadel, is
open and defencclefs. '.I is t6o m w by
8 Calcutta. Lon. 79 46 k, lat. 21 9 n.

Nagybanja, a town of liungnry, and
one of the royal free towns. The gold
and filvcr mines are of great produce,
and money is coined here. L is 30 m
KB Zatrnar. Lon. 22 j;4 t, lat. 48

ION.

Nahey a river of France (lately of
Germany) which rife* in the depart-

N AM

mentofSarre, above Hirkenfcld, flows
thence by Obcrftein, Kirn, Montzin^tr,
Sobernhrim, and Crentznach, and tn.
lets the Rhine, at Bingen.

Ni'jfra, a town of Spain, in Old
C'altile, ;,5 m w Calahorra, and 47 r.
Burgos.

A./;V//, a borough of Scotland, the ca.
pital of Naimfhire, with a linidl har-
bour. The whole of the trades rnak«»
but one corporation. The number of
inhabitants was 2215 in 1801, and 2';o4
in i8n. It is ttated at the mouth of
the Nairn, on th<; Moray fiith, 15 m nb
Invernefs, .-md 120 n Jidinburg. Lon.
3 6 ;v, lai. 57 38 N.

Nairn/l/iret a county of Scotland, n;
m long and 10 broad ; bounded on the
N by the Moray frith, and r nclofed on
every other fide by the counties of In-
vcrn(^f8 and Elgin. It is divided into
fix pari(hcs, and fends one mimberto
parliament alternately with Cromarty.
The number of inhabitautB was 8257 in
1801, and 8251 in 181 1. The s part is
mountainous, but toward the n it is
level, and the foil abundantly fertile.

Naijivan, a town of Perfian Ar-
menia, capital of a province of the lame
name. It was formerly a large city,
but ruinrd by Abbas i, who removed
the inhabitants into the interior parts of
Perlia. Here are now fome conlidera-
ble bazars, caravanfaries, public baths,
and other buildings. It is 90 m .'«
Erivan,and 90 nk Tabriz. Lon. 45 45
E, lat. 39 8 N.

Nnkji-vaf!, a town of RufTis, in the
province A Raftof, and an Armenian
fcttlement, founded by Catharine 11.
It has four churches, and two large
bazars well ftored with Turkith goods
and other articles, in which a confider-
able inland trade is carried on. It it
feated on the Dop, 2 m e Ilaftof.

NaniJIau, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Brc flau, with a caftle,
fituate among morafles, on the river
Weyda, 23 m ese Brcflau.

Aawnr, a county, and one of the ten
catholic provinces, of the Net.herlands,
.•^o m long and 20 broad ; bounded on
the N by Brabant, and on all the other
fides by the territory of Liege and a
fmall part of Hainault. It is pretty fer-
tile ; has fcveral forelts, marble quarries,
and mines of iron, lead, and coa'. The
rivers Meufe and Sambre divide it Into
three parts, nearly of equal extent. By
the new divifioo of the French it forms
the chief part of the department of
Sambre and Meufe.

I>amur, a city of the Netherlands,
capital of the county of Namur, or the

lain, in Old

mur, or the

NAN

(Ifp.vtment of Sambrc and Mf'ufc, and
a bilhop's fee. It has a caftle in the
iniildle of the town, on a cra^'try rock,
,ind fcveral forts. 'I'lie inli.il)it iiita ;uc
rlUm-itrd at ao.oro Fire-armi, fword*,
kiiiveri, and many otlier kinds «)r ciillury
are made lion-. I'his city w;v, cciled lo
the IlDufe of AiiRria by tlie peace of
Utreclit. Ill 171 f, it was allowtil to
be ganifoned by Dutc!> tioopi, as one of
tlie barrier towni of tlu' Unitt'd Provin-
ces: in 1746,11 vv;istal;en by tlie French,
but reftorfi in 174?- In 17^') c"^-
poror Joft'ph cxpu'llid ilie Dutch !;ar-
vifon. In 1792, it wasagiin taki-n by
the Fu.nch, who were compeileil to
cv.icuate it the foUo'-viii;^ y«'ar, but they
reg.iini'd poll*. Ill m of it in i;94. It is
fo.ited bttu'i'u-n two mountains, at the
c.-)iiflnx of tlie Miufo and Sambic, 24 m
wsw Litgf, and 32 sk BrulFcls. Lon.
4 4,'; K, lat. iO 29 N,

Neiiin/, a city of Fmnce, capital of
thcdcpartmcnt of .Meurte, and a bilhop's
ftc. It is divided, by .1 canal, info the
old and new town. The firit, though
irregularly built, is.rlch and populous,
and contains the palace of the ancient
dukes of Lorrain ; and their tombs are
in a rich laluon, which adjoins the
church of the late Cordeliers. The new
town, whole iheets are perfedly ftraight,
h one of the fimft in Europe. The
cathedral is a fnperb (Irudhuc. Nancy
is I'cated in a delightful plain rear the
river MourtP, 92 ra nw Bafel, and 175
E Paris, l.on. 6 lo e, lat. 48 42 n'.

jSandiT, a town of Hindoollan, in the
province of Dowlatabad, 132 m nnw
Hydrabad.

Naridirireoff, a (Irong fortrefs of Hin-
dooftan, in Mylbre. Since the reftora-
tion of the rajah, in 1799, '^ has been
jjanifoned by 13riti(h troops. It is 25
m N by E Bangalore, and 64 esk Sera.

Naiijio, ;in iiiand of the Archipelago,
» little to the l of that of Santorini. It
ij 16 m in circumference, but has no
harbour, nor fprings futficicnt to water
the fields. The inhabitants are all
Greeks, and their trade is in onions,
wiix, and honey. Tlie ruins of the
tpmple of Apollo are yet to be feen, and
conlift chiefly of marble columns. Lon.
26 TO E, hit. 36 11; N.

Nangafai'i, a city of Japan, ia the
ifland of Ximo, with a harbour, the
only one in the empire that foreign
Ihips are permitted to enter. The in-
habitants ca.-»-T on a great trade with
the Chinele and Dutch. The latter are
never fuffered to come into the city, un-
lefs when their (hips arrive, and then
they deliver vp their guu« and ikil8} as

NAN
plcdpen of thoir good behaviour. The
liarbinir contaiuH three «liff -rent roads,
all pcrfetJtly fafc. the inner one in front
of the citv. which extends along the
nii)re, at tlie foot of mouiuaini. Lun.
1,10 15 E, lat. 32 45 N.

iVa«i>-i/, a town of France, in the de-
pariniciit of Seine and Mame, la m w
Piovins, and 14 K Melun.

Naii-kaiiir, a city of China, of the
luft rawk, in the province of Kiang-fi.
It is feated on the lake Po-y.ing, 637 m
s Pcki'g. Lon. r i,^ 5(5 t, lat. jy 33 ir.

Nankhi-^, or Kianyr'/iliv^, a city of
Chi'ia, capitalof the piovince of Kiang-
nui. It ii the largoll in China, the
walls bi'iiig 17 m in circuit ; but it is of
an irregular fi^iure, from the hills with-
in its area. It itands 3 rn from the Kian-
ku, from which canals are cut, fb large,
that vellcls may enter the town. It
was formerly the imperial city, whence
it wai called Nan-kinp, whicli figiiifies
Southern Court ; but fince tli- fix grand
tribii*"ds have been moved lu-nee to
Peking, it is called Kiang-ning in all the
public ads. This place is greatly fallen
from its ancient fplendour 1 for it had a
magnificent palace, which is quite de-
ftroyedi as well as many ancient monu-
ments ; and a third part of the city itielf
is delblate. The ftreets are narrow, but
handfome and well paved. The public
buildings are mean, except a few tem-
ples, the city gates, and a tower of por-
celain, 300 feet high. It is 500 m a by
E Peking. Lon. 118 47 k, lat. 32 5 v.

Nart'ngan, a city of China, of the
firIt rank, in the province of Kiang-fi.
It Hands among plantations of fugar-
cane, near the lource of the Kan-kiang,
and the foot of the mountain Mt-lin,
200 m NE Canton, nnd 900 ssw Peking.
Lon. 113 38 E, lat. 24 48 N.

Nan-nittg, a city of China, of the firft
rank, in tlie province of Quang-fi. It
is 1145 m ssw Peking. Lon. 107 45 r,
lat. 22 44 N.

Nan-tchang, a city of China, c ipital
of the province of Kiang-fi. It has no
trade but that of porcelain, which is
made in the vicinity of Jaa-tcheou.
The country is fo much cultivated, that
the paftures are barely fufflcient for the
flocks. It is Icated on the Kan-kiang,
which flows hence into the lake Po-
yang, 695 m s Peking. Lon. 115 30 e,
lat. 28 36 N.

Nantes, a city of France, capital of
the department of Lower Loire, and a
bifhop's f<'e, with a univerlity. It was
formerly the refidence of the dukes of
Bretagne, who built a ftrong caftie on
the fide .of the Loire ; which ftill extils.

, '^

IL**

'\v-'A

\'»:>

NAP

The cathedral contains the tombs of
the ancient dukco ; bcfidc which there
are u collegiate church and 1 1 pnrifli-
churches. The bridges over the river,
in which an* fome? illands, ar<« almolt a
league in length. Large vefTels can
come no higher than Port Launai,
which is 12 m below Nantes. The
fuburbs exceed the city in extent. A
great quantity of fait in made in the ter-
ritory of Nantes, both at the hay of
Boiirgneuf, and in the fuit marfhcB of
Guerande and Crolfic. In this city
Henry iv promulgated the famous editfl,
in 1598, in favour of the proteftants,
which was revoked in i^iS?, by Lewis
XIV. It is 58 m s by E Rennce, and
ai7 sw Paris. Lon. t 33 w, lat. 47

Nantua, a town of France, in the de-

NAP

who is tributary to Tibet. The natives
arc peculiarly luperititious, and conlut
principally of the iwo fnperior claHco
of Hindoos, and of a Tartar or Chi.
ncle race denominated Newars : thelalt
are chiefly found in the valley of Napaul;
the former are (catterea over the conn-
try, and engrofs all fituatiots of tr'ift,
whether civil or military. Catmandu is
the capital.

Naplej, a kingdom compiehetulini*
the « partof Italy ; bouudCvi on the nw
by the Etcleliaitical State, ke by the
gulf of Venice, and every where e|(c
by the Mediterraman. It in 300 miles
in length, by 100 in breadth, and di-
vided into twelve provinces ; namely,
Terra di Lavoro (the ancient Campania
Felix) Priticipato Citra and Ultra,
Molife, Bifilicata, Calabria Citra and

partmtnt of Ain, with manufadtures of Ultra, Abru/zo Citra and Ultra, Capi.

gauzes, tafft'tas, chintzes, nankeen, and
ftuckings ; fltuate on a lake of the fame
name. 18 m k Bourg.

Nantucket^ an ifland and county of
the ftate of MalTachufcts, which lies to
the s of Cape Cod. It is 15 m long and
II broad, including Sandy Point, which
makes a fine road for ftiips. A confi-
d-rable whale filhery is carried on here ;
and there are leveral fpcrmaceti works,
and a duck manufadture. It has only
one town, formerly called Sherburne,
but now Nantucket, which is 93 m sse
Bofton. Lon. 70 30 w, lat. 41 20 N.

tanata, Terra di Bari, and Terra
d'Otranto; the laft three f.)rming the
ancient Apulia, nr<v/ called Piiglia, on
the K fide of the king^'om. After many
revolutions, the Normal. s became ma-
fttrs of this country, in the eleventh
century ; and the fovcreigns were call-
ed counti!, then dukes, and afttrward
kings of I'uglia. In 128a, Peter iii,
king of Aragon, caufcd all the Nor-
mans in the illand ol Sicily to be ma(-
facred ; and this mafTacre was called the
Sicilian Velpers. After this, Pugli.i
was joined to Sicily ; and hence the

Nantivich, or iSlamptwtch, a town in fovereigns took the title of King of

Chelliire, with a market on Saturday.
Here arc lalt Ipriiigs, from which are
made great quantities of fait ; alfo a
manufadtuie of cotton and llioes. The
principal dairies of Clicfhire are about
this town, and it has a confiderable
trade in cheefe. It is feated on the
Weaver, and by the Chefter canal,
which here forms a broad bafin, 26 m
sii Chefter, and 164 Nw London.

Nan yangi a city of China, of the
firft rank, in the province of Ho-nan.
It is feated on a f'mall river, and fur-
rounded by mountains, 160 m s Ho-
nan.

Nan-yeng, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in the province of Qnang-
tong. It is feated on the Pei-kiang,
near its fource, 170 m nne Canton.

Na/iaiil, or Nepaul, a country of Afia,
bounded on the s by Bahar, w by Gor-
kah, N by the mountains of Himmaleh,
which feparate it from Tibet, and e by
Bootan. It is mountainous and woody,
•with mines of copper and iron, and has
many fertile valleys. This country was
never under the dominion of the Moha-
mcdaus, and now is governed by a rajah.

the Two Sicilies. It has alfo been call.
ed the kingdom of Naples, from its ca-
pital. France and Spain contended
for the fovereignty in the fequcl, and
blqody v\'ars and revolutions were the
confequence. The French being dc
feated by the Spaniards in 1504, Lewis
XII formally renounced all pretenfions
to the crown, and the country was
governed by Spanifli viceroys. In 1647
happened the dreadful infurre(ftion of
MaflTaniello in the city of Naples, by
which the Spaniards were nearly expel-
led. The people, however, returning
to their allegiance, on the afliafliiiation
of Maflaniello, the Spaniards contiiuied
In peaceable poireffion of the kingdom
till 1707, when it was conquend by
piince Eugene, and ceded to the em-
peror by the treaty of Radftadtin 17 14.
It was recovered, however, by the
Spaniards in 1734; and Ferdinand iv,
a prince of Spain, became king of Na-
ples and Sicily. But in 1799, on the
French gaining the afcendency in this
country, the royal family of Naples re-
tired to Palermo, in Sicily, there to
maintain their fovereignty ; and this

vice, while in

N A P
kiiiRilom \v;\9 fird given to Jofcph Bo-
n.ip;»rt«?. who hciiin afterward made
king of Sp.iiii, it wa« ilicn conferred on
Jo.ichiin Mur.it. Thi; clini^ittf of tliia
coiiiilry is oxtrcmely hot, •'ijaecially in
July, Aiiguft, and Si ptcmbcr ; anil is
(hid to lie one of tlie mod inconflaiit and
iinrav.)ra')lc to valetudinarians. In fome
fcafons it r;iin» every day for fn or
ft'vtn wocks together; but the moft
tliiiigrecabie part of the climate is the
firoco. or sk wind, which is very com-
mon in May, and extremely rci-ixing.
In winter ih-.re la feldom any ice or
fnow, except on the tnountaitis. The
country aboimds with grain, the fined
fruits ami vegetables, vice, flax, oil,
wine, fiflVon, ami manna; and affords
alum, vitriol, fulphur, rock cryftal,
marble, minerals, and fine wool and
filk. Bcfi'Je the manufactures noticed
in the account of the city of Naples,
waidcoatf, caps, dockings, and gloves
are alfo made of the hair or filaments of
alhellfilh, which are warmer than thole
of wool, and of a beautiful glolFy green.
The principal mountains are the Apen-
nines, which traverfe this country from
N to s, branching out to the two ex-
tremitie'' ; and the ce'ebrated volcano,
mount Vtfu us. The rivers are nu-
merous, b'li uiconfiderajle; the chief
are the CJarigliano and Volturno. One
of the gre.itf d inconveniences to which
this kingdom i^ expfW'ed is earthquakes.
The edablifhed religion is the Roman
catholic, and the clergy and convents
poHVlii two thirds of the whole knigdo-n ;
but proteftants and Jews are allowed to
fettle h'Te. The inhabitants of this
country have, at all times, born but an
indifferent charader among other na-
tions; gluttony is here a predominant
vice, w hile initances of ebriety are com-
paratively rare. In the female fex, the
paflion for finery is almod fuperior to
any other ; and though chadity is not
the charaifteridic virtue of the country,
yet a Neapolitan woman would, for
the mod put, prefer a prefent to a
lover. That furious jealoufy, for
which the nition was once fo remark-
able, is now greatly abated. The breach
of the conjugal vow fometimesoccalions
quarrels and aniiflinations among peo-
ple of an inferiorrank ; and, in the me-
tropolis, affaflinations are often perpe-
trated from much lei's cogent motives.
Naples, a city of Italy, capital of a
kingdom of the fame, and an arch-
bifliop's fee, with a iiniverfity. It is
leated on the bay of Naples, and built
on the fide of hills floping toward the
bay, which is one of the finell in the

NAP

world, almnd of a circiilar figure 30 ni
in diameter, and three parts of it tliel-
tcred by a noble circuit of woods and
mountains. The harbour is I'pacious,
and proteded by a mole, two cadlcs,
and feveral batteries ; but thefe could
not protc(ft the city from a bombard-
ment. The dyle of archite»Jlurc in
Naples is inferior to what prevails at
Rome, and it cannot vie with that city
in the number of palaces, yet the private
houles are better built, and the drectd
broader und better paved. The Strada
Toledo is a mile in length, and with
the quay, which is extenftve and well-
built, forms the grand and didinguilh-
ing features of the city. The houfea
are principally five or fix dories high,
and Hat at the top ; on which are placed
numbers of flower vafes, or fruit trees,
in boxes of earth. The fortrefs of St.
Elmo is built on a mountain of the lame
name, and has the entire command of
the town. Lower down on the lame
mountain, in a delightful fituation, is a
convent of the Carthufians, on which
much expenl'e has been lavidied, to
render the building and the gardenn
equal to the fituation. Naples is well
fiiuatc for commerce, and h is all the
npcelFaries and luxuries of lile in great
profulion ; but trade is in a languilhing
condition. The chief articles manu-
fa(ftured are filk dockings, foap, fnuff-
boxes of tortoile-lbcll and lava, and
tables and ornamental furniture of mar-
ble. They are thought to embroider
here better than in France ; and their
macaroni, confe^ftions, and cordials are
in the highed tdeem. The inhabitants
are computed to be 400,000 within the
walls, and 100,000 in the fubur' j,
which drctch in a magnificent I'wcep
from Portici to the promontory of Mi-
fcnum, and fill a ipacious line of j6
m along the Ihore. Many of its dreets
are muie crowded than in London,
and a great proportion of the poored ibrt
fpend the night in them, for want of
habitations. There is not a city in the
world, perhaps with the fame numbi-r
of inhabitants, in which lb few conrri-
bute to the wealth of the community,
by ultful and produdive labour, as
Naples; for the number of prieds,
monks, fidlers, lawyers, nobility, foot-
men, and laazaroni, or vagrants, fur-
palTes all reafonable proportion; and
the lad alone are computed at above
30,000. The nobility are exceflively
fond of I'plendour .ind Ihow ; as ap-
pears by thL- brilliancy of their equipages,
the number of their attendants, the
richnefs of their drefs, and the grandeur

, ■>>

m

H 'I*

NAT

nf fJio!" \\\\f%. The kinp, ft in (altl,
count B .1 hiinclrrd perlbr'' with the Mile
of prince, ntid fiill a {rre.uer mimhrr
i^lth that of <li)kc, .irnong hin 'uhjctJls.
A few of th«lr hipe <l*;tteR trorn lo lo
i.^.oool. 1 yf ^r ; a coiuutt-v.ihlc luinihci"
about half that amount; niid innny li
unJrr aoo ol Of tlie iiilVrior orders,
ni.'fiy r.nnits ;irid nviKiuiic"* have not
an rftiUJof 400I. a year; mnny Aill
Jefs, and not ;i few enjoy tlit' title with-
out any tltat** whatever. Althoiixh the
churches and c':)nvcnt« of N.'i,)Ir« arc
not to be compared with thol'g at Romc^
in point of aYrtiitceiiirr, yet tliey fiirpals'
them in mignitude, and i:i the quantity
of filvfrand golden crutirixt'', vcllila,
nnd other ornnnients. The cathedral in
anoblf Goihic ed.l "c ; at d in a chapel
under the at' 'r is dtp )fi*c('. the body of
St. Januai . tl'C tutelary f.iint of
■Naples; bui >• 1 1. ;. ofed heail, and
fotr." of his I <diul,/r cryllal vials,
are preicrvcd in ihe treai > \ Thofc arc
on fomeextraordniary occalions pnhlicly
ftiowu wiih great l()!efr.nity, and the
blood bi ought near the head, xvh.cn by
a fuppofed nniracle it li(|nefies, and
thereby is d(^cmed to be a happy pto-
fage ; but if the blend retains its dry-
infa, the people ttrc ftrnclr with tcrrer.
Of all the palncee, thr.t cf the kin;,' is
not only the mod luagnificiiit, but in
the bed flyle of architC(Jluic ; thofc of
the nobility are in penrral too much en-
Ciimbered with (nnamentJ, though in
mnny theapartn.entsarcnn a grand Icale,
and adorned with many fine paintings.
Tht liofpitalsand charitable foundations
are very numerous ; many of them are
well endowed, and all clean, well at-
tended, and well regulated. Naples
was taken by the French in 1799, and re-
taken by the Auflrians and Ruffians,
aided by a Bi itidi fleet ; but the French
fliortly afterward regained thcpod'eflion.
In 1803, the city fuffcred much damage,
by an carthciuaUe. It is 1 10 m sf. Rome.
Lon. 14 17 E, lat. 40 50 N.

Napoli ill Mcilvafa, a feaport of
European Turkey, in Morea, and on
the ifland of Malvafia. It is called
Moncmbafia by the Turks, and is the
fee of an archbiftiop. It has a fine
harbour, defended by a good citadel ;
a long wooden bridge, which joins it to
the mainland ; and is famous for ex-
cellent wine, called Malmfi^y. It ftands
on a rock, at the entrance of the bay of
Napoli di Romania, 38 m SE iVJifitra.
Lon. 22 58 E, lat. 36 53 N.

Kat>oUdi l{o>?iaiiia, a feaport of Eu-
ropean Turkey, in Morea, and an
archbifliop's fee, i'eated on a peniufula,

N A R

at the head of a bay of the rami" name.
It is inhnbitrd by 'J'urks. (Jr«ck', and

fienple of ditlerv-nt nation* ; ard ha^ 4
iri;c harbour, with a narrow cntrancf
d<'tc'ided by a foit on an ilotattd rock,
and .p battery on the Ihore. The town
and port arc alfu cummaniird by tm-
n eroua batteries pi iiiteil eu the hdc of
a mountain, and its funur.it iscrc wr^d
with a flrong citadel. It h.is a cnrfl.
drrablc trade in the pioduc'lionit of ili(»
country. This [ow n, llill eallcil N^nplia
by the Creeks, waataki n by tlieTurki
in 1715. It i.i 34 m R by N 'i'ripo-
li//;i. Lon. 23 44 K, lat. 37 41 N.

Nnp»hje, a town of .Syria, in PalrfUi e,
tl'.e ancient Sichem, the capital ofSa-
iraiia. It ftands in a beautiful valky,
furrounded by rich gardens, and in a
country ;;ibounding with all the necrfT.i-
rics of 110'. Near it is Jacob'* Well; alio
maiiyanciint lepelehn'S, as durable as
the .ocks in which they arc hewn, and
travcii"r3 may contemplate the fpnt
where t!!e remains of Jolrpli, F.'e.izar,
and Jofhua were (tvcr.iUy depofittLl.
The town is gn-enud by a ftieik, I'lib-
jf(5t to the pacha of Damalcns. The
inhabiianta are <!eeintd tlit riclicft pi.o-
pie in S)ria; their inanufaitturea, and
olhtr ill licks of traJe, being lent to a
great diflancc .ipon camels. It i» 30 m
N JiTufalcm.

hiiro, a town nf J'pan. in the ifland
ofNiphon, witi) a magnificent callle,
25 m N w Miacow.

Karaj'npji(il>w Oi a town of Ilirdon.
flan, in .Mylbre, with two confiderahli;
ttmple.-<. It ij well Luilt, and flands in
a fertile country, on the Cavery, im-
mediately below the influx of the Kapini,
20 m KsK. .My fore.

hiarberlhy a town of Wales, in Pem-
brokefhire, with a market on Thurfday,
fi'nted on a hill, 12 m ne Pembroke,
and 242 w by ' London.

Nar/^onr/f, a city of France, in the
department cf Aude, and lately an
archicpilcopal fee. In the time of the
Romans, it was the c.iDital of that part
of Gaul called Gailia N.irbonenfis ; and
here emperor Marcus Aurelius was born.
Seme Roman infcriptious ate llill vifi-
blc ; and the canal from the river Aude,
through the city to the Mediterranean,
was cut by the Romans. The cathedral
is remarkable for its noble choir, and
the town is famous for honi y. It is 5 m
from the Mediterranean, and tio tsB
Touloufe. Lon. 3 o «, lat. 43 11 n.

Sarborcugh, an ifland in the Pacific
ocean, on the coafl of Chili, where fir
John Narborough refrefhcd his men,
when lent to the South Tea, in the reign

ot Charlirt 11.

N A II

ofChAilira ii. Lun. 74 35 w, Ut.

S^rtlo, a fown f)f N.iplct, in Terra
d ()' r.iiit'i. aa m w by i« Otranto.

Sar*nra, a town of D.ilir>.iti.i, and a
|iiiln)|)'u \\.\ ; l«?atrd on a rivi-r of Ihc
liinc n.iinf, 4a m nn'w UaKtilli.

Sdii'it, a town of Sib«ii,t, in tlv po-
venimcnt of Tob<»l(k, rurrounil.il by
pilifacb'ii ami woiul'fi towers. 'I'hc i-ii-
iirou* .ib(nin<l witb t'oxcH, crmin s, ;iiikl
fiblfi. It is feitcil Ht thf conflux ot tbe
Kct witb the Ob", 400 ni k by u To-
bolik. I. en. 81 1.5 t, I, it !(9 10 n.

Sarviillii, a town of liuuloolt.iti, in
fhc province of Herar, 3.) ni 'vnw Kl-
lichpouri .uui 7a k DiitbHiipour.

tsiirni, u town of Italy, in tlic iliichy
of Spoloto. HiTc are liio luiiia of u
marble bridf»f, bnilt by Au^'Mllni ; and
of an aqncdui^ tb\t bron^jbt water fiom
a fpring at the difl iticc of 15 m. It ii
felted oil tlic iiiijiTi't of u b'uli bill,
wlioit* fidci art.' clulbrd 'villi olives, and
iti bafc w.illicrd by the Nar, or Nora, ao
m ssw Spolcto, and 40 n Uume.

AV/ro-c'i/, a rivrrnf Riillla, vvbicb ifTiicJ
from llic I.iifc Pcipns, flows by N ova,
3'vl il m below enter;) the* gulf <•••' Fin-
land. I' \ws two caiaradls, pomponfly
c!clciib; I by Ir.ivfll' n ; b'lt they an;
far inferior to tliai of tlir Rhine, at

Snrrat^.infft /V,//, in tiie flat? of
Rlio ir Iflind, maLcj up fiom s to N,
iKt^vf'en the m.ii:il..nd on thi' k and w.
]t oinb f rna many frMitful imd beauti-
ful IDinds, the principal nf which are
Khoilp, C.ui'inicut, Piuletico, P.itiiiice,
lliipc, Dyers, ami Ilof,'- Tlii« cap.i-
cioiis bay atf.irds plenty of lobfteis.
On Be.TVfr tail, at ihi? end of Canoni-
ciit ifiand, is a lightlioufe. Lou. 71 20
w, It. 41 aa s.

Narras^ua^ust r» town of the diflri(5t
of Maine, in NVaHiiugton couniy, fitnate
oa a bay of the fame nami*, 16 m nk
Go'flfbarougb.

ya,/iu^cipriia>n, a town of Ilindoo-
ftan, in the territory of Cdltack, near
tlio coafl of the bay of Utugal, 44 m s
Catf.ck.

^arva, a ftrnng town of RiiiTia, in
Ingria.or the government of Piiciiburg.
The houfcs an; built of brick (luccocJ
wliite ; and it has more t!io appearance
of a German than of a Knirnn town.
In th'! fiihnrbs, called ivanj.',oroil, are
the flupendoiis remains of an ancient
forlrela, l)nilt by Ivan rjalilowit/ the
great, which impend over the fltep
banks of the Narova. In 1700, Charles
XII of Sweden obtained a vidlory be're
over Pettr the great. Five years afteri

N AS
the crartook the town hj affauU ; and,
by \\U own pcrfonal exfrtionn, ftved it
from pillage and maddcre. The priii-
cipal exports are henp. (In, ti.nber*
and corn. It is fitiiatc on ih<" NaroT.i,
8 in from iti miiutli, .^nd 9) wsw i'c»
!• rfbiirp. I.on. a? 5a f, Lt. 59 18 m.

Siiriu^i, a town of Hindmifi.in, in the
pnivii'.ce of Agr.l, fiated ne^r the Sindt,
1 1;, m * .\f:;r.» I, on 7f} 1 7 K, lat. as 4) N.

■\i!/hi, a Haport of IVrn, in the an-
di'Mice cf Lima. It bai a Kood h irbonrf
aiul QamU in .1 territory f rtili> in wine
and rii;,'ir, a:o n\ ■ms. Lima. I-oij. 75 uy
w, Ijt 14 45 «.

N.ij,/ji/, a viDajre in Nortliampton-
flilre, ?J ni ssw Nttrtbanrpton. Here
a d cilU'c vielory w.u j;ained by the .
army of iIk; parliament over that of
Charlei i, in i'')45.

Sa hi'UU'^ a town of TfrnicfTec, in
Davidlijti comity, c.tpiial of lb«' diArii^t
of Mtro. It it Icated on Ciimbviland
river, -..heri' it ii aoo yard* broad.
170 m w Knoxville. I.on. Qf- "8 w, lat.

}!nJ}UH, n princely conn _' « Ger-
many, in VVpfterwild ; !)i> idc.i im the
N by the duchy of WeJtpbu.ia, k. by the
county of Solni'-s, s by the territory of
Menfz, and w by that of '^'reves. It
contains mines of iron, copp -r, ami
leail ; and the jijil ir '"ertile in fomc
places, but the liirface ., for the molt
part woody .'uid mountainous. The
hour- of Nifl'iu Ih divided into many
branches, wliicli lure their dilHmJ^ive
titles from the priacipd towns in the
fever.nl dillrictH.

Xrijtiu, a town of Grrminy, in Wcf-
tervvuld, .ind county of Nallau-Deitz,
O'l thv- liv'T Ldin Oppolite the town,
on the oth r li le of llic rivi r, and on a
bi;,'h moiint.iin, formerly flood Nalfiu-
bvi;?, a olacc of pri at antiquity, and the
orii;inul ft at of the NalVau family. Nal-
fu> is .^1 'n w\w Fi.inkfort. Lon. 751

K, lit. J50 16 N^.

Najuii,in iflmd in Ihc Imlian ocean,
on the w fide of tlic illand of Siim.ifra,
about 120 in in circuit. The inhabit-
ants are ilifTimilarfrom their nvi»libour^ ;
for they apiKoach the amiable fimplicity
of manners and perfnna! appearance of
tlic Otahtitans, while their colour is
like that of the Malays. It abound*
with foreif:^, and prcfents an enchaining
verdure. Lon. 99 40 k, lat. 150 s.

I^ajj'ucky a town of Ilindooilan, in the
province of Gu/crat, 95 m S3W Sural.
Lon. 73 49 K, lat. 19 50 N.

Niijladtt a town of Germany, in the
circle of Upper iihine, 38 m w I7 N
Frankfortt

• 1^1

K ,

It*

K m

NAV

Sata, h foaport nf Terra Firm*, in
tlic i^ovt'tnmrnt of F^nanu, It.itril in a
itrlilc Kiuiitry, on the (My <>i° P.iiumii,
6H in sw l*4iunM- Loii. Hi 5 w, Ut-
8 .{6 N.

S'ntitl, .1 connfry ^m thr n» co«ft of
Africa, (6 oulird ity the PtirUigiicIt',
who tlifrovirrcil it on C hiidir.tti <l.iy,
i4i>H. It originally cxtoniicil liom the
Clumtou riviT to I)cli>(;oa biy, ^oo m
along the cohA. nml in a Iteautitiil cotin-
try. The (buthcrn half being now in*
eluded in the colony of the C.ipc, the
n.iinc ii Kcticrally icUritfled tu the othrr
part lyiri),' in ('aflVcria. It hau a rivr
and bay of the lame name. Lon. 31
30 r. , lat. 29 o s.

S'litcfifZt a town of the ft.iie of Ooor-
cia, with a tlrong fort. It han a trade
in cotton, grown in iiA vicinity, and is
fcated on the Miirifllppi, 510 m w Sa-
vanna. Lon. 91 39 w, Lit. ^1 .,4 n

Sntrhitochett a town 01 Lnuitl <n.i,
with .1 ti)i I } fiMled on Red river, which
ninn into liic Mididippi. It in 90 m
wNW Natchez, in Georgia. Lon. 93
30 w, lat. 31 48 N.

N<iliviJi4d, a feaport of New Spain,
in the province of Guadalaxara, on a
bay ot the P,icific ocean, 150 m iw Qua-
dal-txars. Lon. ic, 53 w, lat. 19 48 v.

Nato/ia, a countiy fornurly called
Afia Mtirir It is the wlX wellern part
of Turl.ey in Afia, bounded on the n
by tlie \\'\c\i f«a, v. \v Caramania, s by
the Medittrr.ine.in, and w by the Ar-
chipclaj;o and the It a of Marmora. The
(i»\ is perirrally fertile, producing fruit
of v.uiiius kinds, corn, tob.icco, cotton,
and fill?. It is crr)ff «l, from w to r, by
a chain of mountaihs formerly called
Taurii'^, and watered by a ^n it num-
ber of rivers- Kuiiaja i.s the c.tpital.

Sdiolico, a town of European Tur-
key, in Livadia, feaied at ihe n part of
a fait marib, 20 in w Lepanto.

Nattam, a town and tortrtfs of Hin-
dooftan, in the country of Madur.i, 18
ni N Madura, and 45 ssw Trichinopoly.

Nattore. a town of Hindooltan, in
Bengal, 47 m f.nk Moorfbedabad.

Natunz, a town of Perfia, in Irak
Agcmi, with a fort. It is fituate in a
valley, 8 m long, which is a continued
garden of fruit trees, watered by nu-
merous rivulets from the lurrounding
mountains. Silk is produced here of the
fineil {|uality. It is 63 m nnw Ifpalian.

Nai'ivi, a town of Ireland, in Meath-
Here was formerly an abbey, on the fite
of which horfc-barracks are now eredl-
ed. It is feittd on the Boyne, at the in-
flux of the Blackwater, zi m NwDublin.

Navarin, a fortified (eapou of Eu-

NA U

rop«an Turkty. on the w coaft of Mc.
na It It the nfiJcncr of a bcy,4nd
hat a large harbour <lcfendcd by two
foriH. In 17701 it wa» taken by the
Knlli.inh U in liatcd on a loll, 10 m w
by \. Mudon, and 17 wmw Coron. Lun.
a I !4 K, bt y; % H.

S'<fviirrt, a kingdom of Europe, \j,
ing between France .uid Spain, and di.
vidcd into the Uppir and Lower. Thr
Upper b< lon^tH to Spain, and ii 75 m
long and 60 briud. Though a moun>
tainout country, abounding in g.ime
anil ill n mine*, (bme valley* proiiiice
good corn and rxcel^'ut wine. It it
divided into five diltrids, whofe chirt
town« are Pamplona, Ei^elU, Tndela,
Olitii, and St. Guefca. 1 )wer Navar-e
bt-loo^R to Trance, and i^ now the de-
partment ot Lower Pyrenees. It i» Ic*
par.ited from Spanilb Navarre by the
Pyrenees, and is a mountaiiu)uii, bar*
rcn country, 10 m loifg and la broad.
From this ciuntry the kingi* of France
take the title of king of Navarre. See
I'tiltih, St

Saviirre, Xeav \ Ice Sonora

I^oiunnins, a town of France, in the
department ufl.ower Pyrcntei, lealvd
on the Gave d'Okron, 16 m si'. Haycnnr.

Nauen, a town of Mrindenbuig, in
the Middlr m.uk, ig m wnw Berlin.

Aavii^atorj IjlatuU, a clufler of 10
in nds ill tile Paiiific ocean, dilcovered
by Bougainville, .nul explored by He-
roii(e in 1787. 7'luy are called by the
natives Opoiin, Leone, Fanfoue, Ma-
ouii,., Oyi'l.iva, Clm dfe, Pol-i, Siiika,
Oll'imo, and Oueni Opoun,tbt nuili
t luiherly and (alUtly ol thelc iflimlR,
lies in lon. i 69 7 w, lat. 14 7 ■" Sevtn
of them are im.dl } but Maou.ie. Oya-
lava, and Pola, may be numbered arr.ong
the lar;:elt and niofl beautiful ifl iiuls
of the t^ Pacific ocean. Tht v combine
the advantagi'H of 1 foil fruitful without
culture, and a climate that renders cloth-
ing unnccelTiiry. The ii'iabitants go
almofl naked, and have llteir bodies
thickly tattooed ; they are a tlrong and
luliy race, fcarci ly a man lef» than fix
feet high, and the women are in pro-
portion. In diipofition they arc lliiev-
lib, ticachcrous, and ferocious- Their
villages are lituate on creeks, by the
ftafuie, and have no paths between
them ; that they pafs from one to an-
other in their canoes, and thus arc
almolt conftantly on the water. Their
catMics, houles, &c. arc well corlbuit-
ed ; ind they are much more advanced
in internal policy than any of the iflands
in ♦ iiis ocean. See Maouna.

biaumberg, a town of Germany, in

ihclo ifliniln,

N A7

Low t*r Hrff ) fltuate uii the ElJeri 1 1 m
iviw C^nd.

N-iuvi/iur^,A town of ff[>prr Stxony,
in 'riiiiiiiigt<i, iM|>it.il of a bilhuprici
unilrtl to the tloiiic of S4Xony. It hat
I fmill liMiltl, aiul thr i',ithi<fr.il id
iiutid tor fitti- 4lt.iri, p^tiitiii^M, and ful>-
tirr.iniMii ch.tpila. Here art* ni.uiut°,ic<
lufi's of lliickiiig)) .iiiit turnery w,ii-i'S»
411(1 virifyardi tint yield an cxccllfnt
ii'il wiiic. Ii iit lf.itc«l oil thr S44I, j7
III K>f» Urfiirttijiiil (iv >v DrclUcii- Loii.
•lO *., lat 51 11 M.

Saumbur^t "» town of SilcHa, in th«*
principality ol SaKaii, on tlu- 1 i vrr Bobcri
14 III M by w Siijjaii.

Siiiinil/urj{, a town of Silcrta, in tlie
priiiciprility i.t JiiK'r,on thcrivfrQiicilii,
^7 m WNW Jiiur.

S/tiifj/iii ; fi'c Stipoli di Itoi'uiiitn.

h, r/'</,or .Vrtjroi.tht inofttcrtilfinaiiJ
in tlu' Archipel.igo, 1 j in lomr ami 50 in
circuit' It priHluct'H excellent wine;
aiki ihi- platni alxiunci with orange,
oliv'S K'mon, c«'ilar, citron, poincur.i-
natf, llg, and mulberry trt'es Thchigh-
cll mountain is ZU. whicfi fignififs ilic
mountain of Jupiter : but tlii'ic are no
aiitiquiticR, txccpt fomc fin.ill n-mains
of >) temple of UacchiM. It is inhabited
iioth by Oretks and Latins, and has a
great m iny villa^ert ; but the whole
in.uid docs iHU contain aliovc 8 )oo in-
hal)itants. 'I'hf women paint, lilacken
thfir eyebrows and eyelamcH, and cover
then- iaciR with patches, made of a black
Ihining talc Umud in the Ifland.

Aiixia, the capital of tlie ifle of the
fame name, and (,nc of thn mift beauti-
ful places in the Archipelago. It has
two archiepifcopal ilts, ll.e one Greek
and the otln-r Latin. Here is no har-
bour, but tiic trade is confidcrable in
barl y, wine, oil, figs, cotton, fiii^, llax,
clicele, fait, oxin. fticcp, anil mules.
It Ibiidr. on the s lide of ihi; illand, and
is defended by a cafllc Lon. 25 32 E,
bt. ^7H N.

Saxhrv, a town of Denmark, capital
of the iflv! of Lalaiid, with a harbour
commodious for trade. It is eneoin-
padVd by a wall, and is 70 ni sw Copen-
hagen. Lon. 1131 E.lat. 54 52 N.

}sayaiatutitully, a larj^e iquare town
of Uindooilannin .Myiore, with a citadel
ill tlic centre, both ftroiigly fortified
witii nuul walls In tlic town a wide
llreet extends all round, and has Ihnrt
larirs on I'^ch fide It has a mnnnfac-
ture of coarii; cotton cloth, aiui ni th?r
vicinity are many palm-gaidens. It is
34 m sw S»'ra.

Nazareth, a town of Syria, in Pah'f-
tine, fimons for being the rcfidence

of Chrtft, In the early put of hU life,
and iht-n a city, thr cipitd of Oaldee.
It Itinds on th' ►; (Ide of .1 rocky emi-
nence, and IS now a fniall place, whcrt
the monk* uf Nt. IViincis h.ive * con*
vent. It 1:1 iB III IK Acrv, and 60 N
by t Jernfalem.

Sii^ar.ili, a town of IVnnfylv mil. In
Northampton county, and j reftlniiiMit
uf the .Moravian*, 10 m n lleihlehtm,
iind 6} N by vv I'liil.idelphia.

S,izf. or LinJftiifi, the moll fouthcri)
prom«)ntory of Norway. Lon. 7 ly •»
lit. iH I M.

fStiiiih, Loufth, a hUe of Iiehnd, 16
m lonj( and 10 br<ii(', lying in the ccun-
ties ot Arnngli. Down, Antrirrr', Lon-
doiidorty, and Tyrone. It is by far the
lar,;ell I ike in the diand. bu' very de-
ficient from others in pi(ft irffqne ef-
fciJl ; the (lions aic 11 it, and it confaim
only two in tndii ; one near the influx
of the UlacUvva!er, and the other near
the Antrim Ihorc, called Ram ill ind, on
which is an ancient roiind tower. The
water and the foil on fotne parts of tho
Antrim lliore are of a i)etrifyin\; qip.
lity. Thi! river Mann Hows ihroujjii
this lake.

Seiitli. a corporate town of Wales,
in (ilamortjanfliire, with a market on
Wednefdiy and Saturday ; (i'liate on
the river N»'ath, near the Briftol chan-
nel. In the nei){hbi)nrhood arc iron
forgi'i, fmcltin^j works for copper, and
coal mines; anil r)n the other fide uf
the river are the extenllve remains of an
abbey A great c^tiantity of coal is ex-
ported hence in (mall vcflels. It is j;
in sw Brecknock, and 19S w Londim.

Xent/i, a river of Wales, which riltt
in Brecknocklhire, and runs through
Cf lamoriiandiire, by the town of Ncalh,
into the Briltol channel.

\el), a river of the ifle of Man, which
runs into the Iviih Rm, at Peel caflle.

Nebio, or Nebhio, a ruined city on tht
N fide of the idand of Corlica, a milt
from St. Fioreir/o.

Sebra, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Thiiringia, on the Unllrut, la m .NS'vf
Naumbnrg.

Nccau, a town nf IJarbary, in Bilcdid-
gerid, 140 tn w by s Gadeniis, and 170
ssii Tu^iyurt. Lon. 7 45 k, lat. 30 30 N.

Nec.lar, a liver of Germany, which
rift'3 in the county of Hohenbuig, in
Suabia, flows by Rothweil, Tubingen,
Kftilingen, Ileilhnin, and Hfidclbvrjj,
and enters the Rhine at Ma'-.heitn.

Keckarelz, a tnwn of Cli-nnany, in
the circle of Lower Rhine, feated ott
the Neckar, 20 m E Heidelberg.

'Ntclargeminuf, a town of Gtrma^y,
i K

'mii

ia Iht circle of f.uwrr Khina. Cmitsl nil
thr Nrck^r, f m t H«Uirlh<-rff

Si'tkmrl'ulm, -i (owrn of SiiAlii, at the
«'»iiliix(ifthr N<fck4r and Sulm, j m n
IKilhritn

Sflroma, A town uf Atfirr*. Iti the
province of Malcim, fiirTouiKleii with
mAKiiiflrcnt mint. It li \o m wnw
Or'in I,r)n. o .)! w. Ut ^5 40 n.

StJjjfJ, an ••xtcnrtvr pniviticc of
Arabia J boimdrd on thi* m hy Ihp ite*
(ert uf SyriM. t: by l.iiclifii, • by lladra-
m.iiit ami Vctnrn, an<I w by nr(1«j,i7..
The foil it v.iri()uii in nuny p4rt« vrry
fertile- The Bedouins iiihiliit ;( erc.it
part of thii province 1 the rrtnainner i*
mounuinouSfind cont4iiiii« Kce.il num<
her of towHN, «lmoll rvery one of which
hit I itK own fchiirh.

Stttihum, A town in Snffolkt with a
market on Wcdnrfday, fcated oti the
Orwcl, 10 m Nw IpCwich, and 74 nv.
London.

SffilU$,xiKV%\\\ the Englifh chiinnri,
at tli«' w end of the iflc of WiKht, Co
citlird from tlirir height and (h.irp ex-
tii'mitit's. llcrrin a lighthoiiiV. Lon. I
M w, Lit. J044 N.

Stehtthonu, one uf the S.indwich
illindB, in tlx- Puciflcocc^n, 15 m to tli<r
w ofAiool. The K co.ilt is high, .iiiil
iif«'8 .ibrnpily from tl i- (ia ; the reft of
it cdnrillsol'low gronnd,<*xcept a nmnd
l)liif!'licad on the mk point. Lon, 160 15

W, lit. J I i,Q N.

Si'ir^winili-iu a vill.tg<* of thf Nrthir-
l.-inda, in Hr.'ib.tnt, a little n hy w of
Landcn. Hcucc tin* cclcbr.itfd battles
«>t Lundcn iirt' fomctim«'8 cillcd by the
namo of Nt'irwindcn, S(«e l.anJ'U.

Sc/ta, a town of th«' hin^dum of Tu-
hIh, a,so m s by w Tnnis. Lon. 9 25 e,
lat.30 o N.

A'«^yw, a corporate town of Walts, in
Carnarvonihire. with a market on Satur-
d'ty. Here Edward 1, in 1 184, held bis
tnumpb on the cont^ufd of Walts. It
is litii.ife on the Infli lea, ind has a
iinall pitT, 21 m s by w Carmarthen,
and t49 NW London.

i\\y;ii/>at(iiu, a city ofirndooftan, in
tlic kinndwin of Taiijorc, ('• thf co.)ft
ol C'(>r«'m,Tii(!(.I. li wak fiift .1 colony
*»f the FortH}.Micfc, but was takt*n by
the Diitrb ; and thr htter wfre dif-
pcnided of it by the Lnjflilh in 1782.
Tlie purt is not fxtr.ionlinary ; but
molt of the diffcrtnt nations in Indi.i
iirc here fettled, and trade, under the
protection of tlie fort- It \* 50 m k
'J'.iiijore, and 166 s by w Madras Lon.
79 56 K, lat. 10 4^) N.

Ne^rarn, a town of the idf of Borneo,
«apii.d uf the kingUom uf l^anjcrmaf-

N K(i
An I fltuatc on the ■ AJi- nf ih* |)4rij<r,
90 in M of it! mouth, at the town 01
Baiijermallin. I,on. 114 » » , lat. 1 40 <
Srjfomi*, a Icaport on Ihf w ('04^ ut
Ceylon, with a fort hudi by the I'urtu

Eurlc. It w.ia taken m 1A40 by th(
lutch, whnevacu.itrd it to the T.n^Uni
in i79<i. It i« id m N (olumbo. I.un.

Sfj^rnii, in dl.ind on Ih*" r iideof !),<
bay of Ren|{.it, at the mouth t.f D.ifnrn
river, the moft weftern branch ot thr
frrawadtly, with an excellent harbour.
Lon 94 ]o K, l,it. \(t o N

Nigrit I'oint, the moft wcfterly pro.
montory of the in.ind of J.iinalca I
pro\ri\n into two pointi, called North
anu South, 9 m apart ; the n point in
Ion 7H 17 w, lat. ifi 17 K.

Nf/frof ('lift, a prom«»ntory of Afrin,
on the co.ift n( HengucU. Loti. 1 1 ^^
K, lat. 16 15 N.

Nef^rolanJ, or Sijjritia, a larjiic coun-
trv in the interior of Africa, throiijjh
which the river Niger flows from w to
r. It it called by the Arabu SouJan, .1
wor«l of limilar import to thf iMiropt-un
appellation, to cxprrfn the Land ot iht
Bl.icks. It extends from lon. to w tu
17 V, and from Lit. 10 to 2^ N ; bnundfd
on the N by Zahara .md the mnnntaint
which feparatc it from Barb try, r. by
Nubia and Abvflini.t. • by countriii
unknown and uninra, and w by Oti'.
nca, i'ouli, and Z.ihara. Of this v.ilf
country little more Ia known than thf
names of (<)me of the towns and king-
doms of which it is compolird Some
part^, particularly on the Niger, are
fiid 10 be exceedingly fertile ; other
parts are reprtfenteil as (andy and iW-
fert. 'I'hat it h very populous i» rvi.
detit, from the great fupply of Hives it
has airoitled 10 the traders. The prin-
cipal territory known is Bortiou. The
general characftcr of ihc Negros, whoare
the inlwibitants of t'lis repion, is that of
Icviiy ; and that they do not futfer their
g'»yety to betliftiirbtd by events, which,
in other countnen, trc produt'live ot
much unhappinefs. They do notappf-ar
to wanf the feelings of hnnianity, nor
are they mo'e <iellitnie of figav-ity th.iii
other people of an equal dtgrtt of edu-
cation ; but a- their country fnppiici
thetn with food by a vciy f|i>.'''t dr|;rei.'
of induftry, and the little occfion tlure
is for clothing .mild 'he heat of their
climate, ihey have a general 'abit of
feckmg pre(i.nt pleafiire, and no cire
for fMe future. I he only necill'iry
of life that appears to bt detic" n' is
fait, which is lie more wanted ,\n<\>u%
them in conlc^uciicc uf their fubiillin;

tltWny o^ ^8*,U\^ fu<Nli «ml It ti ^
provrrbUI rvpirlTliin of a fn4n'ii rit'hr«

III iAV, th.it hr rit« U\h lo hit tutHl.
Thii impurt.4nt «rtlctf ihry receive frum
/ihiira hjr c«raMni of iMtliog Aul>«
Thfy atfii rrri^iv," .um«, h4ril«w.irri ^\a(-
k), .mil lriiik<*li, irom the >^ , hy ihr
I'.uriiprant, jtxli in the interior, by ihc
ctmviiit «>f Ciiro, I'rtun, miiiJ Mo-
rocco. For theJr llicy givr in rffiirii
filtl, ivory, .mil lUvet 1'he kirul of
1,'ovri linn-fit th.a mid « Among the Nc-
}'ri> iMti')n4 It hy no mrniii uniiorni.
ill many didricH* ihc i-oiintry it goveiO'
^^ hy .1 great multiiiuti- of liutrpcndiiit
petty chicfi", who are <'iij(.i>{«il in iVe-
qtinit Will with each other. In oiIk r
placet thtf talciitt of iiiitividual chief*
u\m h.ive bee-n abl^ to rrdurr conlitlvr-
jlile trat.*ti of ttrtiiory iind'T th«ir ilo-
miiii'in { .in't hnicc fonir i]iiiirilhiii)(
towiib li.tve ipiuiig lip. M'uyof th(>
town* an* fortilitd witli (tiifict and
hiKi) Willi, the Inttrr and lie htiuict
lifihg condtuiL'ted of clay and (lone.
Duiiit'llic ilatrery prcv.iiU in a very great
drgrce among all the Niitro (Utct.
When the tropical r.iint f.iil, or .'im' lo
JcHcient th.it the fun burnt up ihf face
uf the country, it i* not uncommon for
p,irentt to fell their children, and even
themli'lvi'9, for bread. A freeman rniy
alio lule his liberty by b'ing t.iikrn pri-
foncr in war, or on ;irc(>i,ni ot i '^e criinci
of murder and forccry ; and .ilfo in coii-
fuliieiiee of infotvency. Tiie knowlcd^-i
ul thr Negro* with legird to religion
and all ipccniative I'nbjecM ' i.i extremely
limited i but they have Uiuch (iiperlti-
tiun.aiidnn implicit beli>everi in witch-
craft and iiLigic.

S'rxrofiont, the Ltru'cll idand in the
Archipel.igf», ancient, jr called Euboc;*.
It i« fcpar.ited from the kk coafl of
Liv.idia by the (trait of Nejiropont,
the ancient Kuriptis, over the naimwcll
part of which is a bridge to the niain-
hnd. It ii 100 m in length and li! in
lirt-adth, though in fume pi iceu much
narrower. Jt abounds in corn, win?,
oil, .iiid fruit ; but a ridge of monn-
tiiiik ( xteiids throi. 'h its whole length,
mmy ui them coiitii ully covered with
I liiow.

Ntfirropont, or l\i{ri/>, , a (Irnng city,
|«;*pit.il <>f the iniml ot Ncgropont, and
.1 Oretk .irchbilhop's fee. It has a ^iooil
Iharlionr, which iscyintnonly titefl.ition
lofthc 'I'lirkilh fhipi. The walls of the
Icily, in which the Turks and Jews re-
|lii)c, are two miles and a Ii.ilf m circum-
IWrnce; but the lubnrbs, where the
pirillians live, are much larger It was
ikfii.in 1469, from the Vciicliaua, who

NP. M

tt'tfmpUJ in relakr It In i4KH. «klihnul
itfvi} It it fi'Sifd on .1 bro^d (hi pmin*
liiU. which formt the luriowrlt pirt
of the Ar.iit of tin iiame, ^.) in mk
Alhrni. l.mi. 14 1 1, Int. $$ .40 N.

SfAa\i<-Hj, or SthattnJt a tii*n of
IVilia, in li.ik, r.imoiit for a I aIiIi be*
Iwccit thp C4lilt' ()ni.tr ari't I yd<<eid
kiiitf oflVrlU, III 6(8. ill which tlit lit.
ter lolt hit life and kiigitoi'i. It i» 50 m
• I{.uni0.ni, and 90 > hy • !slrm.ii.lli,i.
SfufriJjiog, .1 iiwo ol Prtllij. with a
raOlc on a niMuntaui, 75 in k Culm.
ion. ao 10 a, lat 5 < at ^■

StUntjhi»% a town of Ctermaiiy, in
Ljvvii if. Ife, o ni <'.w I jirel.
Sffijf', itt SUj(hi-d AH
Stit^, one of thi* IV.ind.1 in.uulH, .md
the (e.il of ihfir govirninrnt !i li.i« «
fpicioni haibonr. but difTicnlr to he
entered ; ioid lliips .mrhor uniltr the
c.iiinon of two tortt. Lon lay jo »»
lat. 4 50 ■

Stij'tihtir ; fee \ijiifi$ur.
Nrij/'e, ,\ city ot Sikfi.!, c.iplt.ll of a
principality of the lame name. It it a
pl.iee of grrat ftrenvith, anil one of the
(in''(t town* in Silclia. IKre i'< n m it;-
nificent p.ilaee, with levcral olUceH fnf
the ()rincipality ; but the icjt of go.
yernment ii the caltle of the adjacent
lin. ill town of Ottmach.iii. The inha-
bitant* carry on a conliderab'c tnde in
lineiiii and wine. Thin place wa* taken
liy the Pru(rmi» in 1741, who, after tlic
peace in 1744, built a citadel, to which
thiy gave the name of Pindia. In 175*
it wah belieged by the .Aiillrian:;, bui
in* f!e^ually. In 1807 it fnrrcudercd to
the FreHch. It is fi.ited oi» a river <^i
the fame name, 48 m s by k. HrcHaw.
l.on. 17 ao r., lat. 50 a4 n.

Niitra, a town of Hungary, and a
hi(h(ip'i fee. with n caflle and a eollepe ;
fitn;ite on a river ul the lame name, 34
m N Gran.

Nelij'uranh a town of the pcninful.T of
IIindouAan. on the w coad, .^,,) ni me
Mangalorc, and 40 nw Telliclierry.

Selltnburif, a town of Suabia, capital
of a l.uiJgravate of the iMWk: name, with
a citadel on a mountain. It ib ;a m n
Conflance. Lou 9 5 i., Lit. 47 57 n.

Nellore, a town anvl I'ortr.l* of Min-
dooltin, in the C.irnatic. nmr the P. n-
nar, 85 m N ly w Madras. Lon. 79 57
H, lat 14 26 N.

-Vfw<7, H town of European Tuikey,
in Morea, ancicnl'.y ccicbr.Jtcd lo,- iit
g.inits, and a mn^niticnt temple of Ju-
piter, ibme ruins of which ftiil exifl. It
is 10 m N Arg'.)8.

Kirni'h a town of TmIv, in C.ini[.?igri
ili K Mtia, with a c-fte, fcaitd .11 a
iK a

%

HI I, .':l

NE R

UVe of the fame name, and on a high
rock, from the b.-'li; of which giiflies the
fountain of Es'ria, one of tiie (biirces
of the lake. IL is 7 m sse Romt;.

Nemours, .1 town of Trance, in the de-
partment of Seine and Marne, with an
old caftle ; fcated on the Loing, between
two hills, 45 m •■if. Paris.

Neil, a river that rifes in the w part
of Northamptonfliire, and is made na-
vigable at Northampton. It leaves the
county at Peterborough, crofl'cathc ille
of Ely, forms part of the w boundary
of Not folk, and enters the Lincolnftiire
Wafh. It alio communicates, by li:ve-
lal channels, with the Great Oufc.

Neonaghy 4 town of Ireland, in the
•ounly of Tipperary, with a ftrong caf-
tle, feated on a branch of the Shannon,
j« m NNW Calhel, and 40 wrw Mary-
borough.

Neocaftro, a town and fort ot Euro-
pean Turkey, in Romania, on the ftrait
of Conftantinople, la m n Conltan-
tinoplc.

Neott St. a town in lluntingdonlhire,
with a market on Thurfday, and a con-
fideriible trade in coal ; feated on the
Oufe, over which is a ftonc bridge, 20 m
■wiw Cambridge, and 56 nnvv London.
Neoundoh, a town of the kingdom of
Birniah, with a large manufaifture of
japanned ware. It has flouriihcd in
proportion as the ancient city of Pigahm
has decayed, and Hands on the Irra-
waddy, 4 m kne of that city.

Nepean IjJand, a I'mall ifland in the S
Pacific ocean, oppofitc Port Hunter, on
the s coaft of Norfolk illand.

Nepi, a town of Italy, in the patri-
mony of St. Peter, fcated on the Trig-
lia, ao m K Rome.

Nerac, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lot and Garonne, divided
by the river Baife into great and little
Nerac. In the feudal times, this was
the refidence of the lords of Albert,
whofe ftnpendous caftle is now in ruins.
It is 16 m wsw Agen, and 67 sk Bour-
deaux. Lor. o 18 E, lat. 44 8 n.

Nchudda., a river of Hindooftan,
which ilTues from a lake on the s con-
finei of the province of Allahabad, flows
vv for 700 m, and enters the gulf of
Cambay, below Baroach. This river
receives few contributary ftreams, and
forms the boundary between Hindoo-
ftan Proper and the Deccan.

Nerejhtlnu a town of Snabia, in the
county of Ottinacn, with a Bcnedidinc
abbey on a mountain, whole abbot wi>i
a prelate of the empire. It is 15 m
wNW Donawert.
Ntricia, a province of Sweden, in

NET

the divifion of Sweden Proper ; hound-
ed by Slid rnania, Weftmania, Wernfi-
land, and W .md E Gothland- A con-
fiderable part is covered with forcfts of
pine and birch ; and it abounds in forgi 1
and mines. Ort-bro is the capital, and
the only conliJcrabh- place.

Neronde, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Loire, 18 ni knk iVJont-
brifon.

Nerondes, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Cher, 20 m ksk Bourj^cs.

Serjhinjky a town and fort of Sibtrii,
capital of a province of the iame name,
but (bmctimes callrd Daonria, in the
goverinnent of Irkutik. T.ho adjacent
country is mountainous, but yields ex-
cellcnt pafturc for cattle ; and there arc
fome cinfiderable lead and filver mines.
It is feated at the conflux of theNcrolia
with the Shilka, 440 m e Irkutik. Lon,

"7 34 E,

E, lat.

51 5*

AV//(f, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Somme, fesied on the Lin-
gon, 25 m ESE Amii-ns, and 66 n by i
Paris.

Nefsi Loch, a lake of Scotland, in hi.
vernef'slhire, az m long and from a to 3
broad. The depth is very confidcrablf,
and it never freezes in the (evcrefl: win-
ter. The high hills on each fide prcfcnt
a delightful view of wood, pafture, cul-
tivated lands, and rugp;ed precipices,
It is navigated by a king's galley, which
fupplies the garrifon of Fort Augiiftus
at its 9 extremity, with Itores. Its out-
let, at the n extremity, is the river Nf-l'd,
which runs into Moray fritlj, btlow In-
vernefs. it now conllitutes a prominent
feature in the line of the Caledoniai'
canal.

Nejlwd, a town of Denmark, in the
ifland of Zealand, on the river Nefs,j!;
m sw Copenhagen.

Netherlands, or Loiv Countries, a
country of Europe, anciently called
Gallia Belgica, 260 m long and from
100 to 200 broad; bounded on the w
and N by the German ocean, v. by Ger-
many, and s by France. In the ninth
century, the Ions of emperor Lewis thf
pious, having divided the dominions of
their father, who poflnflt'd Germany,
France, and Italy, a new kiiigtiom was
formed, comprehending Germuiy and
France, and a part of the Nciherlandj.
It was c:dl<;d Lotlnria, but did lunloiig
lubfifl ; for it was foon divided into two;
and that fe.ited near die MediterrancHii
was called the kingdom of Ruiguiidy;
while the other to the n, had the nanif
of Aullrafia. Neither did this lalt cnii-
tinue long; it being divided into 17 pro-
vincesi under different names, wclufivc

:...*,:;-Tt:**t*«

NET

of the tprritorics of I.ifg^ and Upper
GcldtMl.ind ; but thef ftill depended on
the empireof Germany, and were called
liowcr Germany. In proctfs of time,
till- hoiilc of Burgundy purchafed many
of thorn, and wis about to form them,
with Burgundy, into a kingdom; but
Charles ilie bold, the laft duke of Bur-
gundy, being killed by ihc Swifs in 1477,
Ills part of tile Netherlands devolved on
Mary, his only child ; by whole mar-
riig.- with emperor Maximilian, the
Ni'therlands were an acquifition to the
houli: of Audria. Emperor Charles v,
king of Spain, in 15 ';5, abdicated the
fovercignty of the Nether! nids, and,
iboii after, the Spanilh crown, in favour
of his fon I'hilip. The tyranny of this
cruel bigot, I'hilip 11, who endeavoured
to introduce the inquilition into the
Low Countries, with the barbarities
exerciicd by the duke of Alva, exaf-
perated iht people to fuch a degree,
that they threw off the Spanilii yoke ;
and, uiidtr 'he conduct of William i,
pripce of Orange, formed the famous
lea;;ue of Utrecht, in 1579, which prov-
ed the toundalion orth*" repidiiic of the
Seven Uiuted Prov. '.. After a long
war (with tiie intf -il of a truce of
tw'iive years) Plilip v exprefsly ac-
knowle iged thr independence of thcfe
provinces, by the treaty of VVeftphalia,
in 164s. The other ten prorinces,
namely, Brabant, Antwerp, Malines,
Nimur, Limburg, Luxemburg, Hain-
ault, Flanders, Ariois, and Cambrelis,
returned under the dominion of Spain,
but with very favorable ftipulations
with rcfpeet to their ancient liberties.
On the acceflion of a branch of the
houfe of Bourbon to the Spanifli mo-
narchy, it was ftipulated, in 17 14, that
the Spanifli Nethcrlanos fliould return
to the German branch of the houfe of
Anftria ; but I'ome confidrrable parts
were obt dncd, by conquefi. or c; ffion,
by Ihi; French and Dutch. The Dutch
had part of lirabiint, Liml urg, and
Flanders : the French had Artois and
Cambrelis; with part of Hainault, Flan-
ders, and Luxemburg: Auflriaheld the
reft; and the provinces of Antwerp and
Malines were included under the name
of Auitrian Brabant. In 1788, em-
peror Jofeph II, having projeifted many
innovations, and enfo-.eing them with
Tiolence, a univeri'al Ipirit of revolt
broke out ; an army of 40,000 men,
rofe, as if by magic, to fupport the re-
nuiiciation of ail allegiance, which fe-
Tcral of the provinces openly made ; a
eongrefs was formed frorr\ the difTerent
ftates, in whom the fupreme jorem-

N E i:

ment wan vcfttd ; and by the end of
1789 the Atillrians were expelled. The
ne'v gorenmient. however, wa"? not of
lonj; duration ; for Leopold n (the fiic-
cefTor of Jol'eph) was enabled, partly
by conciliitnry mcafures.and partly by
the medi.ifion of Great Britain, PrufTia,
and Holland, to recover the entire pol-
feflion of his authority ; the mediating
courts having guarantied the relloratiou
of the ancient Belgic conftitution. In
179? the French over-ran the Auitrian
Netherlands: they were driven out of
the country in 1793; but they returned
in 1794, and fuSducd every part of it;
and in 1795 decreed it, with the terri-
tories of Liege and Upper Gelderland,
an integral part of the French republic.
To this country they gave the name of
Be/ghiifi, and divided it into the follow-
ing nine departments; Dyle, Forets,
Jemappe, liis, Meufe Lower, Nethei
(Twoj, Ounhe, Sambre and Meufe,
and Scheldt ; which fee. The Nether-
lands, or Belgium, is 17c tn long and
90 broid ; bounded on the n by Hol-
land, u by Germany, 8\v by France,
and NW by the German ocean. The
principal rivers are the Scheldt, Meule,
Dyle, Sambre, and Lis; and there arc
many fine navigable canals. The air ii
temperate, and the foil extremely fer-
tile; but the mouths of the rivers and
harbours are frozen in winter. BrufleU
is the chief town. See Holland, or
Dutch yttherlands-

!^etlies, T<wo, a new department of
France, including the northern part of
Auitrian Brabant. It has its name from
two rivers, which rife on the e border,
and unite their dreams at Liere. The
capital is Antwerp.

Netfchkau, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Voigtiand, fituite on the Golfch, la
m svv Zwickau.

^ettuno, a town of Italy, in Cam-
pagiia di Roma, near the niins of thu
anei nt Antium.^at the mouth of the
Loracina, 24 in s by e Rome.

i^'evay a river of Ruflia, whicli ilTucs
from the lake Ladoga, and flows to
Peterfljurg, where it divides into fe-
veral branches, and enters the gulf of
Finland.

Neuburgi a fortified town of Bavaria,
capital of a principality of the Htme
name. It ftanda on a hill, by the Da-
nube, and has two gates, but the fortifi-
cations are chit.^y gone to decay. The
caitle is a large building, and contains a
hall of extraordinary lize, embelliflicd
with portraits. It is 3am nne Augl-
burg, and 60 sw Amberg. Loo. 11 i^
fi, lat. 48 A2 ^•

ilf'.

I It

« I

■';<■».

nm'

NEU
Keuburj^, a town nf tl.c palatinate of
Bav;jiia, i,.aied ou the Schwarza, 17 m
BSE Aoibfrg.

NcuSurg, a town of Smibi^, in Riif-
cau. I'cated near the Rliine, isms
Hrifirh.

SruAur^, ■» town of Su.tbia, in the
duchy nt VVirtcmburg, leattd on the
Jintz, 15 m w Sfiit;,'aid.

Sfiichateau, a tuvvu of Francf, in ti\c
dcpairtncni of Vofj?*?, feated in a foil
rich i corn aii>t gond wine, on the
river Mi uff, 25 m sw Nancy.

Neuchattau, a town of the Netlier-
lands, in Luxemburg. 1 6 in sw llidogiie.

^^euchatel, a territory of Swifforlaiid,
which, with that of Valitugin, forma
one principality bitw«";n tb hke of
Keijchiittl and the borders of France ;
extending .,6 m from N to s, and 18 in
iti. greateit bri-adth. On the death of
the diichel's of Nfnionrs, in 1707, tiie
fovcrtignty of Nrnchatci and Valiengin
was claimed hy I'redcric r of Pruflia ;
and his right was aci;nuw!edged by the
ftites of the country. In i8c6, the
king of Prufiia ceded fliis principality
to the French m.i'llial Berthicr, and the
gr.uit was coiifiimcd by N.poleon.
The inhabitants are pnitcltants, except
in the two diflrids of Landeron and
Crefficr, where the catholics are pre-
dominant. Il is a hilly country, wa-
tered by feveial I ikes and rivers. The
foil is p -t e(;u;dly fertile ; but there are
larjre vlncy.iuU iliat p oduee white and
red wi.'f, which l.ilt is excellent. The
paftiire in the mountains feetis a ereat
number of cattle, and there are plenty
ot deer in the furefts.

l^eachatil, a lake of SwifTerland, ao m
long and 4 broad, extiiidinj.' from the
town of Yverdun to that of N'euchatel,
in a direiftion from sw to ne, at which
extremity it has a communication with
the lake of Biel by a nirrow outlet.

j^etichattl, a town of SwifTerland, ca-
pital of a principality of the fame name.
It is fituate parily on the plain between
the lake of Ncuchatel and the Jura,
and partly on tl^e fidi- «'f tliat moun-
tain. The chief article of exiiortation
is wine, produced from the neighbour-
ing vineyards, and much cfticmed; at d
it has manufaflnres of printed linens
and cottons. Many public works have
been lately executed, among which are
the new towniioule, and a fuperb caufe-
way, leading toward the valley of St.
Imier. Neuchatel is 25 m np. Lau-
fannc, and 25 w Bern. Lon. 7 o t, lat.

47 5 N.

jyeuchatelt a town of France, in the
dep.iitnHnt of Lower Seine, noted for

N E IT

excellent chiefe, and feated on the
Aiqnes, ao m se Dieppe

^cunjlein, a town and caftle of Fran,
conia, ni the pri"cip.ili»y of Ilohtnloe,
8 m w.sw Hiile, in Suabia.

Nevern, .1 village of Wales, in Pem-
brokeihirr, near a river of the fame
name, am nk Newport. In the church-
yard Hands a fquare (tone, 13 feet high
and 2 broad; the top is circular,
charged with a ciofs, and all the fulei
are carved wi;h knot-work of various
patterns.

Nevers, a town of Fiance, capital of
the department of Nievre, and lately a
bifhop'tj fee. It is built on the fide of a
hill, and contains feverul fine building? •
particularly the ancient ducal p.dace,
in which J'/hn Caiimir, king (f Poland,
expired in 1672. The chitf manufac-
tures are china, glafs, auil works of ena-
mel. It is lealcd on the Loire, ; t the
influx of the Nievre, over wiiich is a
handfome bridge, 15 m nn\v Moulins,
and 145 s by E Paris. Lon. 3 9 e, lat.

i^eujj'i-rt, a town of Suabia, in the du-
chy of Wirtemburg, with a fortrcfs,
called IIoheneulTen, 17 m SE Stuigard.

Neiigarttn^ a town of Further Pome-
rr.nia, with a rtrong caftle, 15 m n Nevr
Star^';ard.

NeulmuSf a town of Rnhcmia, in the
circle of Hechin, with a caftle, 27 m s
by s Bechin.

Neuhaust a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Bremen near the mouth
of the Ofle. It was once a place of
great trade, but a fand bank ariiing in
the harbour, at the entrance of the
Ofle into the Elbe, it is now much lefs
frequented. It is 19 m NW Stade.

Ne-ivhauj'elt a town of Upper Hun-
gary, (catcd in a marfhy plain, on the
river Neitra, 43 m ese Prf fbiirg.

Nevis, one of the Caribe iflands, in
the W Indies, divided from the e end
of St. Chritlopher by a narrow channel.
It has but one mount nn, which is in the
middle, vtry high, and covered with
1 irge trees up to the top. Here is a hot
bnth, much of the fame nature of thofe
of B.ith, in England, it is a fmall
ifland, but very f'liitful, and fubjed to
theEll^;iifh. CharI<-floii is the capital, on
the sw fide, di-tVndrd by a fort. Lon.
62 40 \v, l.u. 17 8 N.

^euCirchtn, a town of Germany, in
the princip.ility of H( fFe Caflcl, on the
river Fuldi, 3a m .sse ('afTel.

NeKmagen, a town of France, in the
department of Sarre, lately of Germany,
in the ele*^ orate of Treves ; feated on
tkc Mofelle, 17 m KsTrtvcs.

c>l on the

Ilohenloe,

N E U N E V

Nfumark, a town of the palatinate of " ^'ic principality of Cobuij, 8 m ni

f

IS

f8, in Pem-

•he fame

the chiirch-

,3 f<"»*t high

circular,

all the lidci

of various

, capital of
ind lately a
In fide of a
biiilding?;
ical p.ilace,
f Poland,
m an ti fac-
ts of ena-
■oirp, ; t the
which is a
\v I' loulins,
3 9 E, lat.

, in the du.
a fortrefs,
'■ Still g.ird.
ther PoTie.
5 m N New

!mia, in the
tie, 2; m B

/er Saxony,
r the mouth
a place of
c ariling in
nee of the
r much Icfs
Stade.
pper Hun-
ain, on the
iirg.

in.inds, ill
the E ond
w channel,
ch is in the
?ered with
:'re is a hot:
re of thofe
3 a imall
ruhjefl to
capital, on
)it. Lon,

rinany, in
el> on the

ce, in the
Germany,
feated on

P.ivaria, aa m sw Ambcrg.

Neumari, a town of Bavaria, 3» m Hw
Ratifbon. — Another, on the river Rof«,
17 m SE Land(hiit.

Neumark, a town of Germany, in
Cartiiola, a8 m Nw Laubach.

Nfumarkt, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Hrellau, n^ir which, at
the village of Leuthcn, the IVufliaiis
gained a decifive vidlory over the Auf-
triansin 1757. It is 20 m w by n Ureflau.
Setirode, a town of Silclia, in the
county of Ghtz, on the river VVotita,
8 n\ NNW Glatz.

Neust a river of N Carolina, which
enters Pamlico found, below Newbcrn,
whtre it is a mile and a half broad.

^tufaltz, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Glogau, on the river
Oder, 17 m nw Glogau.

NeufatZy a ftrong town and fortrefs
of Hungary, formerly c;«llcd Peterwar-
dein Schanz. It is the fee of a Greek
bifhop, and ftands on ihe Danube, op-
pofite Peterwardein in Sclavonia.

Neu/idUi '<*■ town of Hungary, at the
N end of a like of the fame name, which
is 20 m long and 6 broad. It is 16 m
ssw Piefburg.

Neujhlt a town of Upper Hungary,
andabifliop's fee, with a large caftle,
in which is a church, covered with cop-
per. In the adjacent mountains are the
greateft copper mines in Hungary. It
is feated on the Gran, 22 m n by e
Schemnitz.

Neujladt, a town of Auftria, with a
caftle, and an arfenal. It has the ftaple

Coburg.

^eujladt, a town cf Brandenburg, iu
the Middle mark, with txfentivc brew-
eries, and manufaftures nf cloth and
cutlery; feated on the Finow canal, 3r
m lit. Berlin.

Neujladt, a town of Brandenburg, in
the mark of Pregnitz, celebrated for a
manufatiture of platc-glala ; feated on
the DoUe, it m e»e Havelberg.

Neiijiadtt a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Holftein, with a ca(lle,aiid a
fpacious harbour on the Biltic, 20 ra li
by E Lubec. Lon. 10 57 e, lat. 54 10 n.

Neujladt, a town of LoWer Saxony,
in the duchy of Mecklenburg, with a
caftle, 17 ms Schwerin.

Neujfadt, A town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Brunlwick Luneburg,
with a caltle, foaled on the Leina, 15 m
NNW Hanover.

Neujladt, a town of Bavaria, at the
conflux of the Abend with the Danube,
16 rn E by N Ingolftadt.

J^'eiijiadt, a town of the palatinate of
Bavaria, with a caftle, on the river Nab,
27 m NNh Ambcrg.

Neujladt, a town of Moravia, in the
circle of Olmutz, 10 m nw Oimuiz.

Neujladt, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Oppeln, 14 m se NeifTe.

Neujladt, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Pilfen, 35 m w by s Pilfen.

Neujladt, a town of liohemia, on the
frontiers of the county of Glutz, 13 m.
NE Konigingratz.

Neujladt, A town of Weftphalia, in the
county of Mark, at the foot of a moun-

right overall goods coming from Italy, *»'"» 50 m ese DuflTeldorf.

and ftands on the frontiers of Hungary,
48 m s by w Vienna Lon. 16 18 e,
lat. 47 50 N.

Neujladt, a town of Frar«nnia, capi-
tal of the lower part of ^ae principality
of Bayreuth, with a caftle. Thf- library

belonging to the church contains many principality of Glogau, 14 m w Glogau,
curiofities. It ftands on the river Aifcii, and 17 e hy v Sagan.

Neujladt, a town of France, in the
department of Mont Tonnerre, lately
of Germany, in the palritinate of the
Rhine; leated on the Spircbach, 14 ra
w Spire.

^enjladtel, a town of Si'efia, in the

32 m esE Wurtzburg. Lon. 1043 f,
lat. 49 38 N.

Neujladt, a town of Franconia, in the
principality of Wurtzburg, (eated on
the Saal, 16 m v by e Schweinfuit.

Neujladt, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of V/irteinburg, icated on the
Kucher, 12 m nnk Hailbron.

Neujladt, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Milnia, capital of a circle of the fame
name. It has a caftle, two churches,
and a mine office; and on a mountain
■ear it is another caftle, called Arnfhaug.
It IS feated on the Oria, 46 m ssw Leip-
aic. Lon. u 49 b, lat. 50 45 n.

Niujladt, a town of Upper Saxony, 249 wkw Loudon

Neui'ille, a town of France, in the
department of Loiret, 1 1 m n ne Orleans.

NewvUle, a town of SwifTerland, in
the late bifhopric of Bafel, 9 m ne
Keuchatel.

Neuwied, a town of Weftphalia, ca-
pital of the lower county of VVitd, with
a fine caftle; feated on the Rhine, 7 m
NW Cobletz.

Nciu/n, or Neivin, a town of Wale?,
in Caniarvonihire, with a market on
Saturday. Here Edward 1, in 1284,
held his triumph on the conqueft of
Wales. It io leaied on St. George
channel, 21 m s by w Carnarvon, and-

■^ 1

iff4

\- f

t.

m

- %

NEW

Nf.'j) Forejlt n fond in Hampftiirc,
lying hctw-en Southampton watt'i- ami
the river Avon It is jo in loii)? and 15
broad; P" I ha^ aiivantiiK«'"'f 'itua'ion,
with rf.p» *> to convcyAnct; hy wHi<r
carriage, ann vicmiiy in the dockyards,
fup.Tii/r i>) every other (orclt ; having
in its neighbourhood frvcral pi icis for
{hipping timhtT. It wns afforelti-d by
William r, and was then ro m longer.
His fon William Riifus vva^ killed in this
forel by an an iw, llu't by Walter Tyr-
rel, vhich accidentally glanced againll
a trce> and thi. fite is now pointed out
by a trimgular ftonc. The lord wardi-n
ot this forcft id appointed h) letters pa-
tent, during the kiiig'a plcafurc, niid all
the courts of jurilUidion arc held at
Lyndhurit.

AVfiv Iliver, .nn artificial liver of Eng-
l;ind, originally brougt t fiom Amwell,
in H. rifordlhiie, to lllingtoii, for the
fupply of the metropolis with water

N K W
put himfelf Into thf I- .!.ds uiihe ScoMi
army, who afiiMAvaid gave him up to
his W'oilt cncmir- Nv" t k h « ■ good
trade. The niimbtr of 'nna'M' uits v 1
6730111 iH.M, iMn\ jnh Ml iin. ii i.i
17 m N'. Nitltingham. and 10 n Ly ./
London. Lon o 45 \i , l.t. s j 6 n.

Newbcrn, a m<intime dilt"!.''', or N
Car ;lina, c mpreheii'ling the counties
of Cart. ret. Jiues, Ciavtii, BiMufoit,
Hy<'e, Pitt, Waynf, Glalgow, Lenoir,
and Jnhifton.

Nriwbern, a town of N Carolina, in
Craven county, capital ot the dillrift of
its name. It is the largdl town n. the
ftate, and has a conii ttr.ibic trat.e in
tar, pitch, tuiptntinc, lumber, corn,
i^'c It (lands on a landy point of land,
formed by the conflux of the Neiis and
Trent, 96 in i;se Halejh. Lon. 77 30
w, lat. ?5 10 N.

i^e=ivbiggen, a fifliinjr town in Noilli-
umberland, on the n tide o( a bny to

It was finijhtd in f6i3, by fir Hugh ^uhich ii gives name, 7 m r. Morpeth.
Miiid'i ton, a citizen of London, who Ncivborouj^/i, a town of Wales, in

If i

cxpeniled his whole fortu: e in the un
dert iking. It has fincc been extended
to a fpring near IL riforJ, c Hed Cliad-
wtli, whete the Itieam is alfo increaiid
ky a cut from the river Lea. 1 his ri-
ver, vvilh all its windings, is 41 m in
lent-'ih, and is undtr the m:inagement
of a corpiTTiion called the New lliver
Company.

A'fw I'^nr lle^rbour, ;i good harbour
on the N coalb of Staten Land- Lon.
64 1 1 w, lat. 54 49 "■

AV'u Veor Ijiands, fmall illands near
New Year Harbour, on the n fide of
StatTi I iind.

ISeivark, '< town of New Jeifey, f
pitid of l(ll'x<ounty, with twochurt ' ( -
and an acadiri y. It is ctlebrated i;.
cider, and has a confiderable manufac-
ture of lliors. It (lands ci the w fide
of the Pafiiiiik, near its mouth in
Newark b.iy, 9 m w New York. Lon.
74 18 w, 111. 40 .;o N.

Ncivark, a town of Upper Canada,
with a fort, called Fort George. It
ftands on the w fide oft he river Niagara,
at it.", entrance into the lake Ontario,
oppofite the town and fort of l^i.igara,
and 30 m n Foi t Erie.

Neivark, a borough in Nottisigham-
fhirt, governed by i. mayor, with a
BTi-ivet on Wtdnefday. It is feated
on the Trent, over which is a bridge,
and once h.ida hand'")me cafllc, now in
juins. The ohiirc' , reckoned one of
the fin ^ in the kingdom, was erected
by Henry iv. Here, in tl e mid(t of
troubles, died king John ; and here
CLarlc» ^, after bis d«feat at Naieby^

Anglel'ey, govt-rnrd by a mayor, *^itli
a tnarka 011 Tuefday ; fiuuile ncuv the
Braint, 10 m sw Beaumari:>> and 250
NW London.

JS('ewboro!ig/i, or Corel/, u l>orough of
Ireland, in the county of\\'>x*ord, 15
m N by K Wextorc', and 47 b Dublin.

jSfnvhurg, a village 01" Si olland, 14 m
NNE -Abirdeen, at ttii' mouth of the
Yihin. The expnrtytion of grain and
in«al hi-nce is confiderable. and great
quantities of lime, coal, and wood are
imported.

iSeiwburg, a town of Scotland, in
rifffliire, with a good harbour on the $
"ide of the Tay Here the large vj (Tela
bt'iongiiig to Perth unload their gooJi
into lighters ; and a palTage-boat goes
hence eveiy tide to KiroUon the oppo-
fite (hole- The piiiuipal manufaiJturc
is linm. It is 10 m esb Perth, and i8 vr
St. Andrew.

At'iijliurg, a town of New York, in
UHtcr county, on the w fioe ot Hudlon
river. Ships of confiderable buidin
may unload at the wharfs, and many
vtllels aie built here. It is 32 m s
Kingfton, and 54 n New Yori;.

IS'eavburi/, a town in Bcrkfhire, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market (^n
Thurfday. It has ni inufaiturcs of di ug-
gets, flialoous, and broad cloth? ; and
a confidtrablo traflic in malt by il.ft
Kennet ad Avon canal. Two bittles
were fought near this town with iHi-
bious fnccef'^, betwern the forces of
Charles! and the parliament, in 1643
and 1644. It is l(?ated on the Keuuet,
ibm'i Oxford^ and j6 vr London.

oa a hill hus.

^^ ^^

.tthcSi..)',!,

fiitii up to

k h t • g«i(i(l

H'tli Ultii V '8

JO N Ly ./
:. Si 6 N.
ilt-iCt i)f N
thf countii'i
I, Bi-aiifoit,
ow, Lenoir,

Carolina, in
he dillrid of

town Ml the
ible tiat.e in
nibcr, corn,
)oii)t of Unci,
he Ntus and
Lon. 77 30

vn in Noiii\-
n( a bny to
". Morpeth.
)t Waltrs, in
major, *^ith
liiti- near the
iris, and 150

;> \>oroiigh of
\V< x»<)rd, 15
7 !> Dublin.
otlan<!, 14 ra
^niah of the
of grain and
f, and great
nd wood are

Scotland, in
jour on the s

large viflils
1 their gouJj
ge-boat goes
on the oppo-

manufa(Jture
rth, and i8 \»

hw York, in

'{. ot Hudlbii
rablf burdvii
"s, and many
t is 32 m s
York.
fcrkfhire, go-

a iTiarkrt on
tarts of diug-

clotiiF ; and
malt by i!i»^

Two bat If 8
wn with du-
he forcfs of
lent, in 1643
1 the Kcnuet,
London-

NEW

ye 'i*ry, a town of Vermont, ca-
pital 1' '■'I."-)' county. It is fmiate
(111 th' >. " "'_'iit, oppoiitt* Haverhill
111 *.i w llamp(hirc, and 50 m N Wind-
i'or. Lon. 71 1 w, lat- 44 5 n.

Neiubury Port, a fcapurt of Maf-
l;ichiil. Is, in KdVx county, wit'i fix
church' K and a conrt-honle. Large
quantities of rum are dillilli-d h.ere, and
th • inhabitants have aconlidi'rai)lc trade
with the VV Indies and the fouthein
(tate>;. The barbnnr iii f.dV ami com-
modious, but <lifticnlt to cuter, and
ihip-buildi g is e^nied on largely. It
ib li'iiatc o.) the Meriimic, 5 m fr^m
the ;..a, and 35 n.m. Bofton- Lon. 70
^o VV, lal 4; 4H N.

StiiiciijUf, a boi'iugh of Ireland, in
the county of Dublin, 11 m wbw
Dublin.

NeaucalUe, a town <>f Ireland, in the
county of Limerick. :6 m sw Limerick.

SewcajUe, or Ntivcajile in I'.mlyn,
a town of Wales, in Carm tnhenib-re,
with a maikt'i on Friday. I', had a fine
caitif, now in ruins ; and iu featcd on
llie I'yvy, 17 m nnw Carmarthen, and
230 wNw London.

^eivcajile, or Ne-wcojile under Lyne,
a borciigh in Staffordthiie, governed by
a mayor, with a market on iVl on-
day, and manufacftnris of hais U had
four churches, now leduced to one;
and the callle, whence it had its name,
is quite demoliihed. The number of
inh.ibitanis was 4604 in ii)oi,and 6175
in j8ii. In the vieinity are potteries
and glafs works. It Jtand.'« on a branch
of ihe Ticnt, 15 m n by w Stafford, and
149 NNw London.

x^twcajile, < r Neivcajile upon Tyne,
a borough and iVriport in Northumlier-
land, fi'uate on the n lide of the Tync,
over which is a bridge to Gatelhcad on
the Durham lide. It is governed by a
mayor, and has a market on Tuelday
and Saturday. The numlM;r of inha-
bitants was 48,366 in 1801, and 27,587
in 1811. The riv^r admits ihips under
4CO tons burdt-n to come up to the
town, and larger ones are Itationed be-
low, at Stiield.-i. The town is defended
by a llrong wall, above z m in cir-
cuit, in which are I'evcn gates, and as
many turrets, with feveral cifements
bomb-proof ; but the caftle is old and
ruinous. Tlie wall on the s lide runs
parallel with the river, leaving a fpa-
cious piece of ground btawcen tliem
both vvhirli <\>; is a long and noble
quay. iki. are four parifti churches,
and tha. . f St Nicholas, which ftands
on a hill lias .-. lofty ftecple of curious

NRW

archili'«nure. Among the othfr public
buildings ii> a maidion honfe for the
mayor, an exchatige, snd a larg< huf-
P'tal for the mainteiianec of p )or Vtel-
men : a'.fi) f-'veral c'laritahle found*-
tini) fituaie in the centre of the gi-rat
collieries, which have for centurii b fup-
plied London and moll: of the foutln-rri
parts of the kingdom with coal. This
trade has bfen the fourcc of great opu-
lence to Ncwcaftle ; it alio poffeflct
manulaiilures of fteel, iron, glafi-, foap,
fine and co.irfe earthen ware, and cop-
peras ; and it eiports large quantities
o\ lead, Hdt, falmoii, butter, tallow, and
grindflone*. Ships are ieiit hence to
tte Greenland lifbery. The ftrects in
the old part of the town are narrow,
and the buildings crowded together;
but fome of the newer parts arc haiid-
l<)me and commodious. It is 14 m n
Dm ham, and 270 n by w London.
Lon. I 14 w, lat. 54 57 N.

i^eiucuji/f, a town of Delaware, ca-
pital of a county of the fame name,
with two churches. It was fettled by
the Swedes lu 162;', and called Stock-
holm ; afterward t-dcen by the Dutch,
and called New Amllerdam ; and falling
into the hands of the Englifli, it was
called Newcaftle. It is the oldefl town
on the river Delaware, and 35 m sw
Philadelphia. Lon. 75 38 w, lat. 39

40 N.

NecwcMjIUj a town of Virginia, in
Hanover county, feated on the Pamun-
ky, a branch of York river, 24 m ne
Ricli iiond.

Nenven .er^i a Town of Germany, in
Tyrol, 3 m nw Feldkirch.

Nenvevham, Cipe, a lofty promon-
tory, on the w coaft of N America,
fcn-ming the n point of Brillol bay.
Lon. i6a 24 w, lat. 58 42 n.

Ne-iver?t^ a town in Gloiiccfterfhire,
with a market on Friday, I ated on a
branch ot the Severn, H m Nw Glouccf-
ter, and 112 wn w Loudon.

Sfivfane, a town of Vermont, chief
of Windham county. It is fiiuate on
Weft river, 38 m tNE Bennington, and
96 wsw Hotton.

Neiufou'icl'iind, an idand on the f.
coaft of N America, Uetween 47 and
52 N lat. dil'covcred by Sebaftian Cabot
in 1496. After many difpuits with the
French, it was ceded to the Englilh in
1713. The form is triangular; the N
point is feparated from Labrador by the
ftrait of Belleifle, and fron this apex it
is 350 m to the bafe, wh.ch is 300 in
length. It has feveral bays and har-
bours ; and is a mountainous, woody

« .

V'

m ■

•^'

lii .„ii.™,S

Iff, ,: M,/!

N r: w

•mintry, and very cold, I't'inp; covired
willi liidW fivir innntlis .n tiic year. It
leiriiiH to hnvt iio inhabitams ( I us own,
hut ill the fiimmcr tiim* 's viliti^dby tlu;
£l«|iiniMix Iddiiins. About 500 Eti>
ulilh Ciimilics continue here all th'- yt-ir,
bclidc tlif ganifon of St. John, Plartn-
tia, and other fort». In th«* filhinf; I'oa-
fon for cod, which bigins in M ly and
etidfl in S»'pteitiber, it id relbrtrd 10 by
at lead 10. coo people, on jcconnt of
the prut liflii!t|:-b.ink t;> the sk of the
ifland ; for htrc tliey cuie and paek
tlie fi(h, which are li-nt not only to
I'^ngland, but to the Mediterranean and
the W Indies, in immcnfe quantities.
This pre tt b.ink is a lit-ap ot faid 5K0
m long and i 10 broad, with a depth of
water varyini; froni 13 to ^o fathoms,
and aboundii/g with fniall filh I'erving
as food fur the cod, the nun^bcrs of
which r.re incredible. In winter the
chief employment of the inhabitiints is
to cut wood ; and the Cmallefl kind,
ufcd for fui-l, is drawn by their larj^c
dog3, traiiud up and harneffi-d for that
purpofe. There is great plenty of g.ime,
filh, and few I, but very little corn, fiuit,
or cattle. St. John is the principal iet-
tlemetit.

Neivhaven, a town in Suflex, near the
mouth of the Oufe, with a imall har-
bour, defended by a battery. It is 7 m
• by E Lewes and 57 London.

S'eivhaven, a feaport of Connedticut.
capit "1 of a county of its name, and thi
femi-capi' !! of the Itate. Near the
centre is the public fquare, in which are
the ftate-houfe, tw»» college edifices,
and a chapel, three churches forcca-
grcgationalills, atid one for epilcopa-
lians. Ht re are manufadures of card-
teeth, linen, bM>ons, cotton, and paper.
The harb(»ur has good anchorage, and
isdcfendi d by a fort. It has a trade with
New York and the W India idands;
and (lands at the head of a bay, 4 m
N Long Ifland found, and 13a ne New
York. Lop. 72 53 w, lat. .}i 16 N.

NeKvtnarkfU a town in SuiToik, with a
mar!v t on T^>urrday. It is the moft ce-
lebrated pi; ct ill England for horfe-
raceb ; ani] here Charles J i built a houfe
for the fake o. ihis Jiverfion. It is 13
m w Bury, and 61 .■ by e London.

Newmarket, a town nf Ireland, in the
county of Cork, on the river Dalua, 31
m Nw Cork.

Newmarket, a town of Virginia, iii
Amhcrft county, on the n fide of James
fiver, at the influx of the Tye, 100 m
w Richmond.

Netwmilh, » town of Scotl.nd, in

NEW

Ayrililie. with the remains of ,in ancient
cidlc. ft has fome manurac'luret, and
is filnafe near the river Irvine, 10 m »
by 8 Kilmarnock.

Niwnham, a town in Glouct fterlhirf,
with a niaikci on Frid.ny. feated «)n the
Severn, 12 m wsw Glouceftcr, and uo
WNw London.

Newport, A borough of Ilampdiiip,
and the rhi«'f town in the ille of Wight,
Koveriud by a mayor, with a market on
vV'«'<lntfday and Saturday, and a ma-
niifaifture of ftarch. It is fcated on the
river Cowes, which is navigable for
(mill vefFt Is, 17 in s by e Southampttm,
and 91 sw Lond'in. Lon. i 16 w, lat.

50 41 N.

Newport t a borough in Cornwall,
which has no market, \ m n Launcef-
ton, and 214 w by .s London.

Newport, a town in Shropfliire, with
a market on Saturday, and a hand fome
fieefchool, 17 m KSlnewfbury, and 139
Nw I/ondon.

Newport, a town in Mtinmonthfhire,
with a market on Sa'urday. It wai
formerly walled round, and defended
by a cartlc, confiderable remains of
which arc yet in being. Near it are the
veft'ges of a camp It is fealed on the
river Ufk, 19 in ssw Monmouth, and
ii8 w by N London.

Newport, a town of Wales, in Pem-
brokefhire, governed by a mayor, with
a market on Saturday, and the ruins of
a caflle. It is feated ou a bay of the
fame name, at the mouth of the Nefern,
'8 m NE St. David, and 250 www Lon-
don.

Sewport, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Mayo, fituate at the st. ex-
tremity of a bay of its name, called alfo
Clew bay, which contains a great num-
ber of fmall iflands. It has a confider-
able degree of commerce, and is lam
sw Caftlebar.

Newport, a feaport of the ftate of
Rhode Ifland, chief town of a county of
the fame name, and the femi-capital of
the ftate. It flandr. at the sw end of
Rhode ifland, on a gradual alLenr, about
5 m from the fea,and has 10 edifices for
public worliiip, a flourifhing academy,
an elegant Itate- houle, and a handibme
public library. The harbour is one of
the fineft in the world, extending w of
the town between Rhode ifland and
Cciit ifland, and on the latter is fort
Walhiiigton which belongs to the United
States. Newport has a conliderable
trade, and is 80 m ve New York. Lon.
71 15 w, lat. 41 25 N.

Ntwport, a town of Delaware, in

N EW
Kcwciftle c mnty, on the v Mf of
Chriftiaiia crttk, 31 m frw Philudcl-
rviiif, 10 m « I phi.i.

Neivtort, a town of M.iryland, in
Charli-Hi;oiinty. n m Nt Port Tobacco,
and la ssk Widiintrton.

Seivport, or \'ew/><>rt Uridine ^ a town
uf the ftate of (i.oiKiii, in Lihtrty
coiintyi on a navij,'ahlo crt-tk, 8 m
above Sunluiry, and ,^4 ssw Savanna.

Sfwport Pni^nel, a town in Buck-
;nj;h tmlhirf, with a market on Sarurd.ty,
ami a nn'iij*a(iliiri' ot bonelace; flat' d
onthcOuff. 14 in knk liuckingham,
aiul so NNvv London.

i\'eii'/>ort I'nitt, A tiwn of Irel.nv',
in the county of Mayo, n<'U the m.v.h
of 3 river, which cntcrb Clow i.jy, 8 m
sv CilHi'har.

Sfvjn/, a river of Ireland, whicli !'e-
pvatcs ihe cnnntirs of AriMa;''i and
Down, an.J cnttm CnrlinKturd b.iy, i
m bulow thf town nt Ni "vry.

Xfivry, a hor.Migli .A Ireland, in the
county of Down, fitu >tf on tl:i' fide of a
Iteep hill, and a ilvt r of H'f lame nasne.
which flowsii. to Cailingli.rd hay. Vellels
of zoo tons can come up to the town ;
and by me:)' s of the Ntwry canal, to
the river Bann. it has a communication
with LoMgh Nc-agh. Here is a conli-
derable linen M.mufai^lure, and a trade
in (hipping- Ntwry was burned by the
duke of Berwick in 1^)89; but is now
become the largeft town in the county.
U (i:nd8a member to parliament, and is
60 m N Dublin. Lon. 6 20 w, lut. 54

15 w»

Sewtoriy a borough m Lancaflure,
whofe market i» now dif-fcd. The
oankey canal from .St. Helens to the
Merley palT.'s near this place. It is 5
m N W.'rrington, and 193 nw London.

Newton, a boroui;h in Hamplhire, in
the ide of Wight, j;overned by a mayor.
The market is now difuled. It ftands
on a bay of its name, which at high
water will admit velTeis of 500 tons,
but is little frequented. It is ^ m w
N>nvport.

Newton liujhel, a town in Devon-
fliire, with a market on NVedut klay,
and a manufacture of woollen cloths ;
fcated on the Teign, 15 m s by w lixe-
tcr, and 188 wsw London.

Newton Douf[iafs, a town of Scot-
land, in Wigtonfliirr, fitnite on the
Cree, over which is a fine bridge into
Kirkcudbrii:ht{hire. The river is na-
vigable for fmall veffi-U to within z m
of the town. Here are manufa>.'Hires of
cotton and carpets, and feveral tan-
works. It is 7 m N by E VVigton, and
ii KNE Port Patrick.

N G A

S'fwtowit a town of Scotl.md. In
Ayrlhire, with a trade in coil snd (hip*
bnihling It poirefTes frvcr.*! Commu-
nities, and ftandn on the N binli of the
Ayr, over which it a briilgc to the town
of Ayr.

Nfwtown, a town of VValcR, in Mont-
gom'rylhirc, with a market onSitur-
day, andptruk* in Ihnnel; I'eited on
the S 'vcin, 7 m ^v\ Montgomery, and
177 wNW London.

N^'wtow't, a town of PennfyUani.i,
capital of Bucks courity, with a church,
a conrt-ho'ife, and an academy. It
itandi 5 m from the Dthware, and
10 NVK Pliiladelphii. Lon. 75 1 \v, lat.
•lo 14 N.

Newtown, a town of New Jrrfey,
chief o*^ Siilfex county. If is feated near
the Delaware, 60 m N Trenton. Lon.'
75 i w, lat. 41 ^ M.

Ncwiown, a town of New York, in
Tiog I county, when- the judicial courts
arc held in February. It is lituate near
Tioga river, 50 m w by n Union, and
70 SK Williamfburg.

Newtown, a town of Ccnncvfticut, i»
Fairfield county, 9 m E by n Daiibviry,
and 26 NW Ni'whivtn.

Newtown Arties, a borough o" Ire-
land, in the county of Down, with a
confiderable linen manufaflure ; fituate
on the northern point of Strangford
lough, 8 m E Bclfaft.

Newtown Limavady, a borough of
Ireland, in the county of Londonderry,
with a linen manuf'adlure ; lituate on the
river Roe, near the v. fide of Luugh
Foyie, 17 m enf: Londonderry.

Newtown Stewart, a town of Ire-
land, in Tyrone, on the river Moyle,
30 m WNW Dungaiinon.

Neyland, a town in Suffolk, with a
market on Friday, atid a manv.l'uflurc of
fays and bays ; feated on rhe Stour, 16
m sw Ipiwich, and 57 nk London.

Neyrnc, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Aveiron, 18 m ^f Rodez.

Neyvay a river and bay of St. Domin-
go: the river rifes in the mountains
near the centre of the illaiid. (Icjws w
to St. Juan, and then s, throu^^, i a beau-
tiful valley, into the head of the bay.

Neyvn, a town of New Granada,
near the Madalcna, 130 m sw St. Fedc
liogota.

Nezin, a town of Rnlfia, in the go-
vernment of Tchernigof, confiderable
for its fur trade, jS m sK Tchernigof.

Ngan clian, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in the province of Koei-
tchcou. Its territory is very mountain-
ous, and contains feveral garnfoned
forts, to keep in awe the inhabitants,

m-

t

i

^

N re

who are indept'iulcnt, auJ live n the
mouiituiiH. it in iflco m mw Kking.
Li)ii. 105 .ia K, l<(t. a6 la v.

Nj;aH'Jki>ijf, .1 city of Chint, c ipital of
Ih** w p^rt i)f the proviiicf of Kiang-
naii. It Ih <lt'fcn(if(l by a foit, .tinl I'Mt-
Mt on the Kian-ku, 375 m a IVkiiig.
Lon. 11^ 45 Kt Ut 30 ^7 N.

Njf.in-/o, a city of Cliiii.l, of the firft
rank, in the prDviiict' of Hon iimnK.
It h.is a cDnfidcrabli' tiadc*, aiul ihuuid
in a valt pliiii, on thu river II. in, 575
m h'W Peking. Lon. 111 :; k, I, it.
ji 14 V

Isii,ijjra)a,i ilvfr of N Aiiifrici, which
forms the comnuiniration hrtwrcn llu?
I.ikfs Irif ami Ontario, and Hows from
s to N nhout .^4 ni. At Ihi' !',eail of the
rivrr, on the w hank, i;. I'orl Krit; ; anil
18 m bt.Iow thi^, on thf r. bank, is Fort
SiulhiT, whpri" c immftictrt the cataraviU
that arc rtckonttl among th«! greattft
natural curiofities in th»; world. The
river is here 740 yards wide- The half
mile immt'diatfly above ihc catara«Si* i«
a rapid, in which the water falln 50 ti el ;
it is then thrown, with afloniihing gran-
deur, down a perpendicular precipice
of 1 40 feet, in three diftindt and collateral
(heets ; and in a rapid that extends to
the cliltanci' of 6 m below, falls 100 feet
more. The river then flows in a deep
channel till it enters Lake Ontario, at
Fort Niagara. The great pitch of this
vaft body of water produces a found
that is frequently heard at the diftance
of ao ru. and in a clear day with a fair
wind 40 and even 50 m. From the
defcent of this river the furface of Lake
Erie is about 300 feet higher than Lake
O Mt.irio.

x'Jiaj^arn, a town and fort of New
York, in Ontario county, on the e fuie
of the river Niagara, at its entrance into
Lake Ontario, and oppofite Newark,
in Upper Canada. The fort waseredtcd
by the French, in 17.51; taken by the
F.nglifh in 17.159; ceded to the United
Slates in 1794; and taken by a Britifli
force, by fiirprifc, in i8i,.j. It is 16 m
below the cataracts, andi So nvv Wil-
liamfburg. Lon. 79 4 w, hit. 43 16 n.
j\iaj, A fmall ifland near the w coaft.
of Siimatr.i, remarkable for the beauty
of its women, who are piirchafcd by
the Dutch and Portuguefe. Lon. 97 o
E, lat. o 40 ?^.

Nibet a town of Denmark, in N Jut-
land, 9 m wsw Alburg.

Nibiano, a town of Italy, in the du-
•hy of Piacenza, i6 m sw Piacenza.

Nicaragua, a province of New Spain,
in the audience of Guatimala, bounded
on the H by Honduras, k by the At-

N I C

Linlic ocean, ak by Cofta Rica, and
sw by the Pacific ocean. It ii 400 m
long and 1^.0 broad, well watered by
lak< sand rivers, .ind piodiicfs plenty of
lugar, cochiiieii, and tine chucoLilc.
Leon de Nicaragua is thi capild.

Siearngua, a lake of New Spain, in
the provuicf of the fatnr name, 150
m ill circuit. It i-> interfpvrkd wiih
idandit, and aboiiiidn in hliv h \ hut ii
infcftfd by crocodiKs. Tlie sw extre-
mity in only a lew leagues ftoni the
I'.ieific ocean, and the sk end commu-
nicate;! with the Atlantic ocean by the
river St. Juan.

Sicnrni(ua^ a city of New Spain, in
the province of the fame n.une. It
Itaiidi at lome iliilance &\v of ihe lake,
and near the mouih of a river, in the
Pacific ocean, 1:0 m sk Leon de Nica-
ragua. Lon. 86 10 w, lat. 11 15 n.

Stcaria, an ifland of the .Archipelago,
between Samos and Tina, anciintly
called icaria. It is 50 m in circum-
ference, and full of rocks. Lon. 26 30
n, lat. ;7 40 N.

Sicii/ho, a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Ultr.i, with an ancient caftle, 1;
m ssK Cofen/.a.

Nice, a late county of Italy. 60 m
long .Old .^o broad 1 bounded on the m
by Piedmont, k by the territoiies of
(•en »a, s by the Mediterranean, and vr
by the river Var and the Maritime .Alps,
which divide it from France Ii was
anciently an appendage of Provence, in
France; and afterward, for many years,
belonged to the king ot Sardmta. In
179a it was conquered by the French,
and has been fiiice decreed by them an
integral part of France, and made the
department of Maritime Alps.

Nice, a city and feaport of France,
capital of the di partnient of Maritimr
Alps, and a bilhop's fee. It lately be-
longed to Italy, and was the capital uf
a county of the fame name. It is of «
triangular form, and confined in its fitii-
ation, having a high rock on the t, the
river Paglion on the w, and the .Medi-
terranean on the 8; from which l;.ft it
is I'eparated by a beaulitul and txten-
five terrace, tiled as a public walk. It
has a ftroiig citadel, built on the rock,
and on the w it is fortified with a wall
and a ditch. The harbour is on the s
fide of the rock, and called Limpia,
from a I'lnall river that enters into it.
The exports are filk, fweet oil, wine,
cordials, rice, oranges, lemons, and all
forts of dried fruits. It has been iVveral
times taken by the French, and lalt of
all in 179a. It was retaken by tht
Aoftrians in 1800, but they evacuated

I! I

NIC

A in a wp(k nfdrw.ird. It ii 4 m 1 of
the moulli of the Wav, mu\ H\ ?< by w
Tiiiili. I.nii. 7 16 It, lit 4.) 4i N.

i\ictt acity of Natuli^ Sev ll'nie.

Siclinburx, a town of P«Tit;i, t.iiiioiii
for a mint* uf tiir(|uoii flouc^ in iti
in'iK'il>t>iif'it>t>il' II »« ^7 m H Mtfchcil.

Skholitt, St one ol tin- larj,'* (I and
moll pIcMliint of thi! C.ipi' V«iil idindH,
bctwcfn St. Lucia and St Javjo It in
75 m lon^, and the iilidcncc of tin-
billiop of the illcK, L'Xi. 14 19 w, l.tt-

16 .)i N.

Nic/iohit, Sf. a town of France, in thi*
d'partmrnt of Mfurtc, with a hand-
foinc church, to whicli pilgriin» for-
merly ri'(brttil. It in fi*atcd on tlic
Metiric, 7 m sr Nmcy.

Sicholajt St. or M'lle, a town, har-
bniir, and cap •, at the nw txirnnity of
St. Domingo. The cape, coinnwjnly
•.illcd thtr MoIt% is (lront;ly lortittcdhy
natnre and urt, and connnandii thi^ftrait
c.illctl tlu' V\'indwHid Rifiaj-v; and 4
in to the s«K of it in capf St. Nichol.is.
Tlwr town linuli at the licail of ihtr
haihour, which extend) 4 ni bitvvci'ii
the two capes; .md (hips of any bni-
dcn may ride at anchor in the Ij.ilin,
even dnrim; a hurricane. It was t ilun
l)y the lMi>;Iiil», aided l)y the Frt'neh
roy:difls, in 177.1; and wa3 cvacnaled
in 1798. Lon. 73 zb w, lat. 19 50 n.
S»."«" Domingo, St- the ifl and-

Nicholas Ijhind, u fmall iiland on tlic
N coud of Cub.'. Lon. 71; 40 w, lat.
3350 N.

f^icohar Ijlands, fevcral idands on the
B fide of the bay of Henj?al. Tljey are
almoft eniireiy uucultiTatt-d ; but the
cocoa-nut, the mellori or lenim Ca kind
of bread fruit) and other iropie.U fruits,
grow fpi^ntaneoufly ; there are ail >
yams and I'weet potatoes, and the edible
bird ntlts (0 much efleemod in China.
Dogs and hoj^s are the principal ani-
mals. The inliabitanti are few, and
tlieir indolence (-xtrcme. They are tall,
and well proportioned, vvitii buckeyes,
black lank hair, auil dark copper-co-
loui(*d (kins. TiK-y h^ve no towns,
but live in little huts, and j;o quite
naked except a cloih about the wailt
with a I'mall Ibin^' hanginj; down be-
hind. Thef<! iflands extend northward,
from the n pomt of Sumatra. The
largcit, which gives name to the reft, is
25 m long and lobroac'. Itss cxlv'.mity
is in lon. 94 ij K, lat. 6 30 ■*«'.

NicoUii-f, A city of Rnffii, in the
government of Catiierinenflaf, founded
by Catherine 11, on the s fide of the
Ingul, at it!', conflux with theB<>g. The
public Uuildingtf and a number of private

NIC

hoiifc* are ronftruAcd of a vrhite caU
carrou^ lloni-, hut the rc(\ of the hoiilcl
arc of wood. Thiii place, bring of ralier
acci'h by w iter for vclVeU thiin CIn rfoii,
U now ihe capital of ihc naval clta>
blilhoKMit of the lilack fra I'lic admi*
ralty, with a lonj? line <f nvii;:/.ineH,
workdiopii, wet and diy dockH, and
ev«Ty nccefTtiy department for (hip-
ping, are pl.iced along the bank* o> tli«
Ingiil. Twelve ni to the «, at the en-
tranci" of the Bog into the Dnieper, are
the remains of the Greek city of Olbi-
opolis. Nicolacf itt jo m NNt Oe/akof,
and 42 NW C^hertbti. Lon. 30 46 v.^
lat. 46 .58 N.

Nicola, St. the nioft conridtrable of
the illes of Tremeii, in tite ^nlf of Ve-
nice. It has a harbour, di fended by a
lortrelii, in which is an abbey and a
church. Lon. 1/; 37 k, lat. 42 10 n.

Niiol/l'urift a town t)f M(na»ii, on
the frontit raof Aullria, with a caftleon
a mountain, 12 m (^.nk Laab.

i\iiopo/i, a town of European Tur-
key, in iJulg.iri.i, famoni for the firft
battle fought between the Turks anil
the Cluillians in i.V}6, wlien emperor
Sigifnnnid was defeated, and had lojiio*
men killed. It is featcd on the Danube,
at the influx of the Olina, Oo m .h.'*w
Unchoreft, and 150 nnw Adrianoplc.
Lon. 25 43 K, lat. 4t 16 N.

Nicopoli, or (ilanijh, a town of Turk-
i(h Armenia, built i)y Pnnipey, in me-
mory of a vidory gained over Mithri-
dates. It is 15 m s Er/eruni.

Nicojia, the capital of Cyprus, feated
in a plain, near the mountain Olympus.
From the lime of Conflantinethe great,
till 1567, it was 9 m in circuit ; but the
Venetians reduced it to three, and for-
tified it with elevvu baftions and three
gatej ; all the red ♦hey razed to the
foundation, dernolilhing temples, pa-
laces, and the molt beantifnl monu-
ments. In 1570, it was befiejed 4^
days by *he Turks, and then taken
by alfault. There are citron, lemon,
orange, fig. vine, and pomegranate
trees, interiperled among the houTei.
Thi einncli of St. Sophia, an old Gothic
llriKflurt', the Turks have turneil into a
mofque ; and in that of St. Nicholas,
the principal merchants afl'emble to
traniadcommercial bnfinefs. The bazar
is txtenfive, well lupplied with pro-
vifion?, and remarkably clean. Lon.
3 J 36 B, lat. 35 16 N.

Nico/m, a town of Sicily, in y a\ di
Demona, 50 ni <.v by 9 Taonnina.

Nicoterci. a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Ultra, near the coafl of the Me-
diterraauan, 35 m nnb Kegijio, and

; «

M '^

I

' ■ I

NIK
il5 tt N4pl<(i. Loll. I A 30 t, Ut.
|l 14 ».

A»r^jv</| a town of New Sp.iin, In
Colti Kica, ntii.'i(»' on the Difpvufi,
whkh liowR into ilir hty of Miilin.iDt
where ihTt i* .1 pc.iil Hlhrry. It ii 9II
m WNW {^ArU'^f}. Lon. Ij 40 w, Kit.
io4'J •<■

Siqnrn, or \H/iir, a town of Afi.ltic
Tiirkiy, in Roil m, with .1 niinrtl fort.
It iUtuU luMr thr livcr Kt Ikr. in a r\i.'h
v.<llcy, w.itfM'tl by a (lrc;itii from the
hilli th.it iiiiiiK many millN frtr cutting
pincK into plank*. 26 m nni. Toot

SiJauf » town ol Swini-rliiiul, capital
of a hailivvic in tin'cinion o|'it<'in, with
acalUe; lttu.(te on thi! Ukc ot Uirl, ij;
ni Nw Bern.

Siddti, a town of Ot'tm.iny, In VV«*t-
trravia, on n tivcr of the f.imc name,
33 ni NK Frankloit.

^itlfcifn, a (own fit" France, in the
iUpartnu-ntot Uotr, l.itely tif Ccrmjiny,
ill the duchy t)t" Jiilirrn ; lltiiate on ,1
ruck, and inrrouiKlfd by rockit, iz m

IbK JlllitTH.

SidjibahnJ, a town of IlinduotVin, in
thtr proviiu-e of Oiulf, He in NNt. DtUii,
I,on. 7K 41 fi l.i'. »9 },^ N.

Nubia, a tuwnof Spjin, In And-ilufia,
with acidllc; featcd on the Tuito, 40
in w Seville.

Ninueckt a town of Saxony Proprr,
on the riviT Ail.i, 18 re, N WitiPiiberj?.

Ntemecz, a ftrong town of Kuiopean
Turkey, in Mold.ivia, fituate on a moun-
tain, by .» livtr of the (;imc iianie, 76m
wsw Judy. Loll. a6i6 k, i.if. .(658 n.

Nicmen, a river I hat riles in Lithua-
nia, and \y.\lTcb by Bitiie.H ;iiu! Otodna ;
it then ruiiN throiij'h pait of S.in'ogitiii
iii.d F. PrnlVut, and eiit<;r8 the ( uiilc'h
Hafl, by fcvtra! mouths, ofuliicli the
principal and nu»(l northern ia called
the Km*.

Nienbur;;, a ftrdPp town of V\'e(lpha-
li.i, in the couiity of lloya, with a cmi-
liderable tr.nie in com nd wool; featcd
t'H the Wtfci, ,37 m ssi Bremen. Lon.

9 '.^

l,it.

.;9 N

A'/w/'wrjj'. a itjwn of Wfllphalia, in
the prliK ipality of MunlUr, leated t)n
the Dinktl, ^,3 ni nw Munlter.

?>>i'>ibiir-r, H town of Upper Saxony,
in iln; piincipiliiy of AnhaU Cuthen,
wiih a palate lK-loiigiii(' to thi- prince;
leated on the Saal, « m nw Colhm.

Nienliuusy a town of Weiiphali.i, in
the county of Btnilieim, witli the ruins
of a citadel: featcd on tho Dmkel, j6
m NKw Bcntlieim.

hienhaus, a 'own »)f Vv'eftphalia, in
tilt! principality of Padeiborn, with
a c^flle, ihc iclidLi.cc o! ihc print'";

fcalcd on ihc l^ippe. a m mnk Padrr<
lH>rn.

A'/V/«T( fi'W t)nle^tr.

SifjLr, fet Unifjlrr.

Sim^trl, » fraport of the Nether-
lindt. Ill Flan<lcri, ^t the mouth of th«<
Yperlee ller« are fluicen, by which
the eonntiycan Im- laid tindrr w^trr.
The inhabitant* prinripa:.ly fiihral by
the hcirinK filhrry* and by making ntii
and rop«^ In i6o6. quince Mnuricr
gained heie a t'teai vK'fnry OVi r the
Sp.ini.irdi. It hai been oftui taken in
(ubfeciuent wan; the htlt imie by tl.r
I'mieh ill 1774. It in 9 m sw Oilcm).

.on. 2 4> e, tit. 51 K k.

Nifuportt a town of Holland, un tli)"
river Leek, i ^ m k Uoticutam.

S'levrt, a tlipntmcni of Fran.'', In-
rludiiiK the late province of Nivetnoii.
It takes it!i name fmui a Iniall river,
which rifeii near Champh-my, and ruin,
into the l.oif, nt Ntveis, the chiei
town of the department.

.N/ffr, a laffje river of Africa, which
rilert in the fame moiintaiiii as the Sv -
nei;.»l, in the w part of Nej,'rol.ind It
flows N through the country of M.tn-
dingo, and then takes an callci ly coin {<:
through the kiiigdom« of K.imbarj,
Tombinf^oo, Trocur, and Ghana, to
NVangara, where it divides into (evenil
branches, and is fnppoled to lofi.* ilf.lf
in the l.ilces and fandy dcfi iti 10 tlu' R
and s of that countiy i'he Moots
and Aribh call il Niel il A> t'cd, or
Rive I of Sl.ives, and Niel Ivibeer, ur
CJrr.u River. In the rainy feafoii it
inundati s the adjacent land..

iSis^o'io, a town of Italy, in the diicliy
of Modeiia, 2: ni sw Aloiit na.

J^ij^ritia , iee Nei^rolitud,

Ai/f, a great liver ot Al'iiia, which,
.nccoidinj: to Mr. Hriiee, rife.^ in Abyl-
linia, near the village of Geclh, in Ion.

?i^ .S5 '■1 ''It- '" .sy ^'' ^' "•"* ^''^
ihioiigh the lake Deinbci, then makei
:\ ctieuit tovvMid its louree, which it
leaves ij; in to the K, and cniera into
Nul)i.». tlir lUgli which CKuntryit inakta
a linuous courfe, and forms iomc
cataiads. It then enters Egypt, and
flows almoft dinaly .s till ii arrives at
Cairo i and a little below tliat city it
divides into two great branches, which,
uitli the Mrditirranean lei, form the
iilandeallidDi Ita. Tluancientsreckon-
etl eleven nioiiths of the Nile, of which
ftven were conhderablc ; but now there
are only two that are navigable at all
tines; and thole are at Uoi( ita and Da-
mictta. In the middle of this river, be-
tween Old Caiio anil (iizeh. is featcd
the illiiiJ of Rodda, w hich ii almofl at

litng ai OIU ('«iro, und ijoo pacei in
hr<-j(|ih in Ihi* mItMIc | nvA tin* front
oi the Mcki\i Ukc* up 4II lltf> lirendth
of the foinhirn p,irt ThitUihe w«>rk
ofthf S.iracrnn, anil rlrrlvei Iti ninse
from itt 111**! f'T it H)(nifici .Me.ifiirf.
Ilcic fluy i»lifriv»' rviiy «l.>y, l»y mc^rti
nf .1 crxlu-ited coliinnn, tli*- incrc.ilc ur
.f<Trcaf«' of the witrr« of the Nll«*.
T^ii* nvrr liicrMff^ rfxul.irly fVfry
yiMr, fntm the r<;th of June to the i7tf»
»if Nrptembr"-, wh»'n it brj'iin to jc-
erf .iff- T'u fertility of Knypt dt-p 'iid*
upon tl>f w.ttcrof the Nde ; xnd they
reckon it will bf .1 bad year when it
rili'uK'fi than 14 ciibin, «ir above i«i
JMit 16 cnbiti IS the proper hei);ht.
Iliiring the iniindationt the little townn,
ft.tndiriK upon cmincncei, l:)i)k like fit
many ifl.utd i, ,ind tlu-y go from out' to
the other by bo;H^ In Ciiro iheri* U A
canal callfd Khilit, which in opened
wl\cn the water ii hiph enouvjh; tluiioe
it in convcye<l itito rt-li.rvoir'* .uul tif-
ternn, and IS .d'teivvard dillributrd into
the ficldft and ^'ardenf, as orc.ilioii re-
(juirfi. Tbib iiuiiulation of the Nile in
ciiif" il by the pcriodifal rains wliiv"li
fall every yt-ar bclween the tiopics,
and lucire particidarly in Abyiriiii.i,
whicl> is full of hixh mountaini.

Siitieama \ fee Monofniujji,

I^itMetfui^, a ei'y of ilollaiid, capit.il
of OelJi'land, with a cilaiUI, an an-
citnt pal ice, an<l /cveral forts. It is
alii) the capital «)f a county of its name,
orofthc iiliiidof Hi-tnwc, thfancitnt
Dativia. The I'Mirche m-, in ,{cneral,
h.indfomt' llruCturts j and thi? town-
hcuCe is miignilkrnt. Thi- iuhabitHntH
fiiblilt chitfly liy lueivin},' ale, niul their
trade with Ci'Tin my. .S< vcial treaties
01 pcacf Were C'lncluded herein 167H.
This city was taken by the Frtnch in
1794. It Itand.s i)n the Waal, 10 ni
WNW Cleve, .ind 35 esk Utrecht. Loii.
51 111 K, lit 51 51 N.

Nimptj'ch, a town of Sih lla, in the
principality of" Brici^ with aeill'conan
eminence, 15 m (■ .sk Scliwt idniiz-

NinetyJiXt a diftrid of S Carolina,
comprchendin}; the c(»nntit*s of Kdpe
♦iflii, Abbeville, [..aureus, and New-
bury. It pro(UiC(..s cnnlideralile (|iian-
tities of tobacco. The ciiief town was
formerly of the fam^' name, but is now
called Cambridge.

Ning-iouf, u city oi China, of the
(irftrank, in the province of Kiang nan,
noted fnr its manufaiftmes of pap'-r,
made of a fpccifS of rted. ll^ diiiritJt
is very hilly, l)in pleaiai.t; and the
furrounding tni'uni.iins, covered with
woodii, pruducit medicinal plants. It

N I l»

!• fixated on a rlrrr, which runi into the
Ki^nit-hii, 5jy m * by E Pililn|. Lon.
II >t 1.5 V, bl, (I 1 N.

Niiix fo, Cill'd by the Europ«?^ii»
f.iitm/'o, in excellent feaport of ( hina,
and 4 city of the tirft r.ink in the pro.
vincc of 'I'ehe kl.ing. The lilks :naiiii«
faiiturcd here ^re much ilKemed »n fo-
reign Cttuntricl. efpeciiilly in Japan,
whf rethey air exchan/ed by thcChinefc
for copper, koM, .wid lilvrr. Il ii feated
on the » cojII, oppolite J^piii, 6fto m
•»R Pekinit. Ltni n ) 18 K. 1 it 29 j8 N.

iS'in/futti, i city ot Kaltern T.irMry, in
the province of Kit in, iiiul the feat (»f 4
conltderable trad'-, partieiilarly in the
valuable plant ginletiK. v^ liieh .dxionds
in th«- neit;hbourho(Ki. It ix fe ited ou
the lliirh.1, 110 m nk Kiriii. Lon.
12.1 40 I, l.it. 44 30 N

Si»uin,.St .itowiiof Scotland, inStir-
lln>;lhire, with nnanufaJlur«-i of leather,
cotton cloth, and naili, a m &k Stirling.

Sinovf, a t')rtn of the NefberlaniU,
in Fl:inder!(, on the river Deiider, with
an abbry, n n\ w Hrnncls.

AVi/, an illmd of the Archipelago, to
the s of N^xia, .tniiently eaiifd Io«. It
is 3S m in circuit, and fVrtile in corn,
but has little wood or oil. The regular
niannerB of the inhd)itants, who are
(tr«ckh, revive an idea of the fnnplicity
of the primitive -igcs; and their kind
treatment of llranijers appears to be the
genuine remaiiii of ancient hofpilality.
Lon. 25 ^5 w, lat. 36 4^ n.

NioH, a town of Swiderlind, capital
of a bailiwic on the like of fiencva, be-
longing to the canton of IJein. It has a
maniifaiifure of beautiful porcelain, and
is I J in N by v Geneva.

Nions, .1 tovi n of Fr.ince, in the de-
piitment of Drome, at the foot of 4
chiin of rnount.iins, on the river Aij.Mie8,
with a lolty bridge of one arch, the
work of the Romans. Here is a mine-
imI /piing, calk'' l*o itias, und t'omemi-
nufa<5lureH of loap and woulitn cloth.
It is 21 m Est Montclimar, and .,8 SiC
Valence.

Niort^ a town of France, capital of
the ileparfiTu nt of Two Sevres. Here
are t^ade drnj'i;cts, (irges, and other
coarlr wooIUn gooils ; and its dry
fweetmeats are much ell emed. It is
feated on the Sevre Niortoili?, 31m
i-sy Rochellc, and 46 wsw Poitiers.
Lon. o 33 w, 1st. 46 JO N.

Ni/>hon, thi; largelt ill ind of Japan,
750 in long and from 60 to 150 broad,
containing 55 proviice--. h was ilil-
covred, in 154"'-, by tlie roruguefe,
who were caff .liliorc by a t- mpelt. 'I li-
chief lovvn is J4:dj.

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Hiotographic

Sdences
Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO

(716) 873-4503

:/.

1

1 '1

^M T

Niruat a town of Tcrr.t Firma, in
tbe province of Venozuelui 140 nti SB
Venezuela.

Ni,'ito, a river of St- D "iriingo, wh^ch
18 a inalu)j;;ajiy p>rt, and nlmitM vclfr-ls
that ilrAw iMulcr zo feet. It cntera ttie
i'et, on the w lide of a ciipc to which it
give* iiamr, :X m wsw St. Domin>;o.

Nijhpottr, or Selfaburt a city of Per-
fia, inKhoraf.iii. formt-rly veryextrnlive,
liiit has been often fallen and pillaged
by thi" Tartars. The inhabitants, ;ibout
15,000, only occupy a fmgle quarter of
the city, and the remainder h in ruins.
The moft delicious fruits arc here to be
found in the utmod abundance. Tt is
90 m 8 by B Mclched, and 140 w Biitan.

Nifibirit or Ni/birtt a town and fortrefs
of Afi.uic Tuijicy, in Diart)ek, now
greatly decayed. It Ss fcatod in a vaft
plain, 78 m se Diarliekir.

iS'ijidaf a imall ifland in the gulf of
Naples, very fertile, and laid out in
flopes and terraces like a large garden.
It has a harbour, called Porto Pavone, 5
m wsw Naples.

Nifmes, a city of France, capital of
the department of Gard, and lately a
biftiop's fee. Here are lirv^pl monu-
ments of antiquity, of which the amphi-
theatre, built by the Romans, is the
principal. There are likcvvife the ruins
ef a temple of Diana, and a grand tower.
The Maifon Quartee, or the fquare '
houfe, is a piece of archite<5Vure of the
Corinthian order, and one of tbe fined
in the world. Nine m to the ne i3 .1
lofty Roman aqueduA, called Pont du
Gard, which, pafling acrofs n valley and
the river Gard, ferves to convey the
fpring of Eure, near Uzes, to this city.
Nifmes has a citadel, built by Lewis
XIV} and the chief manufaftures are
filk dockings and cloth. It • , i>atcd in
a plain, abounding in wine a.' '. oil, 75
m NE Narbonne. Lon. 4 19 e, lat. 43

50 N.

NiJ^'a, a ftrong town of European
Turkey, in Servia. It was taken by
the Hungarians in 1737, but retaken by
tbe Turks the following year. It is
feated on a river of the fame name, ao
m E Precop, and i ao se Belgrade. Lon.
zi 3* E, lat. 43 3a N.

Nith, a river of Scotland, which rifea
in Ayrlhire, gives the name of Nithfdale
to that part of Dumfricsfhire through
which it flows, and a little below Dum-
fries enters Solway frith.

Nitria, a dcfert of Egypt, 37 m long,
on the coad of the M<diterranean fea.
It had formerly a great number of mo-
nafteries, which are now reduced to
four; and it ccntains fome lakes, from

NO I

which is procured the natrum of the
ancients.

i\ivt/le, a town of the Nethcrla.nds,
in Brabant, with a manufat^ure of cam-
brics; feat d on the Thiene, ij m s
BrulRls.

I^ivernoist a late province of France,
between Burgundy, Bourbonnctis, and
Berry. It is pretty fertile, contains
mines of iron, and has a great number
of rivcrb, of which the Loire, Allier, ani!
Yonne, are the principal. It now forms
the department of Nievre.

Nixabour, a town of Perfi.i, in Kora-
fan, 80 m SE Me'ched. Lon. 6t 3; e,
lat. 35 40 N.

Nixapa, a town of New Spain, in the
province of Guaxaca, with a rich Do-
minican convent. The country near it
produces a great deal of indigo, cochi-
neal, and fugar. It is ijo m sk Ante-
quiera. Lon. 97 15 w, lat. 16 42 n.

^ivonton, a town of N C'arolir)a,
chief of Pafqiiotunk county. It dands
on a northern water of Albemarle found,
i8 m ENE Edenton.

Nizampatam, a town of Hiudoodan,
in the circai of Guntoor, at the month
of the Kiftnah, u m sw Mafulipatum.

Nizza delta Paglia, a tf)wn of Pit:d-
mont, in Montferrat, feated on the
Belbo, 14 m se Afti.

Noaii/es, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Vientie, 6 m sse Poitiers,

Neakotty a town i^f N.ipaul, with
temple on the brow of a hill, 1 5 m nn
Catmandu.

Noanagiir, a town of Hindooftan, in
Guzerat, capital of a diftridt on the
coad of the gulf of Cutch, inhabited by
a piratical tribe, called Sangarians. It
is 196 m wsw Amedabad. ^''^on. 69 30

C, lat. 22 23 N.

Nobiiert a town of Ireland, in Meath,
19 m N Trim.

Nocera, itown of Italy, in the duchy
of Spoleto, at the foot of the Apennines,
18 m NE Spoleto.

Nocrra delli Pagani, a town of Na-
ples, in Priucipato Citra, 8 m mw Sa>
krno.

Npgarot a town of France, in the
department of Gers, 21 m sw Condom,
and 27 wKw Auch.

Negarcot, a town of the country of
Napaul, with a celebrated pagoda, 5*
m NE Catmandu.

1^ agent le Rotrou, a 1 3wn of France,
in the department of Eure and Loir,
feated on the Huifhe, 35 m ne Mans.

Nogent fur Seine, a town of France,
in the department of Aube, feated on
the Seine, 25 m nw Troyes.

Ntir, Ca}ty a proinontorf on th« sir

NOR

couft of Terra del Fuego, at tho entrance
of the ftrait of Magellan. Lon. 73 13
w, lat. 54 30 s.

Noirmoutirr, an ifland of France, in
the bay of Bilcay, s of th<; mouth of the
river Loire, it is 13 tn long, and 3
broad, and ban good pafturts. The
Engiifh made an unfuccelsfiii attack on
it in 1795- The principal town is of
the rim« name, defended by a ♦ort. Lon.
2 in w, lat. 17 o N.

No/a, a town of Niplcs, in Terra dl
Lavorot oncf a rich Uoman colony, a'tid
yet a handfomt* place. The (ilk fpini
in the neighbourhood is much eftccnied.
It is ij m BNR Naples.

Noli, a town of the territory of Oe-
no<<, with a fort and a goo.l harbour,
30 m sw Genoa. Lou. 8 41 u, I, it. 44.
18 N.

Nombre de Dios, a towi of Terra
Firma, in the province of Darien, ior-
merly a pl.ice of oonlidttable trade. It
is 30 m K Porto IklUv

Nombre de Dios-, u town of New Spain,
in New Bifc;)y, 45 m se Dtirango.

Nomeny, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Meurte, on the St-illc, 15 m
N Nancy.

Non, Cape, a promontory of the king-
dom of >U8, o'.'p.ifite tlie Canary iflands.
Tlie Poitugucfe, in their firft attempts
to explore the w coaft 01' Africa, long
llConfidered this promonfory as an iin-

TaUe bo^dary This its name im-
tl).b^t ^ey doubled it, at laft, in

113. V urn. II 50 w, tat. 28 38 w.

Nonoifk town of Dalmatia, and a
oilhup'fl Il9' ft was once a fplendid
city, but if ,'n|||yki mean place, and the
harbour not *i^Mible of receiving large
vefTels It i» iH^ft furrounded by the
fea, 7 m N by ^iii^ara.

Notttron, a towln of France, in the de>
partment of Oordogne, ai m n Peri-
gueux,and 30 ssw Limoges.

Noopoutt a town of Hindoofl-^n, in
Guzerat, 55 m e Surat, and 14a w Bur*
hanpour. Lon. 73 50 e, lat. zi 11 n.

Nootia ; fee King George Sound.

Nora, a town of Sweden, in Wellma-
nia, 17 m nnw Oretro, and 56 w by s
Wefteras.

Norberg, a town of Sweden, in Weft-
mania. Here are the beft iron mines in
the province, and the ore is principally
fent by a canal to Stroemfholm. It is
30 m NNW Wefteras.

Noreia, a town of Italy, in the duchy
of Spoleto, feated among mountains, on
the river Fredara, ao m ss Spoleto.

Nordt a department of France, fo
named f ,m being the moft northern in
fituat'' .. It includes the late French

NOK

provinces of Hainaiilt, Flandcrn, andl

Cambn (is. Donay is tlir capital.

Nordburc^, a town of Dentnark, at the
N extremity of the ifle of Alfcn, with a
caftj**, 9 m NNW Surtderbiir);.

Nord'ti, A It'apfrt of >'i\ftphalia, in E
Frii'll ind. and a confuitr.ible place of
tiade, with a good haibciir. ft is 4 m
from tlie Otrm.ii: ocean, and 14 n Em-
den. Lon. 7 I > K, lat. 5j ,i» n.

J^ord^au ; fee Bavaria, Palatinate of.
^"•ordhaujin, a town ot Upper Saxony
(lately imperial) in Tluirinma, with
fevcti Lutheran chirches, an.l a well-
built orphan honfc. It has ,1 confidcr-
abie iradf in corn, tmindy an-i ripe and
linfeed <'il, with mannnkJtiTcs ot mar-
hlf? md alaballer. Ir is llati-d on the
Zort':t;, j,\ m NNK Erfurt. Ldu. i* j6
£, In. CI 30 N.

Nonllisim, a town of Lower Saxony,
in th'" dncliy of Brnnfwick, iituate on
the Khume, at it;, conflux with the
Lfina, 10 m N Gottingt-n.

Nordkopiiig, a feaport of Sweden,
in 1£ Gothland. It is 8 m in circuit,
but the houfes are fcattcrcd, and the
inhabitants do not exceed 10,000. The
river Motula enters it by four dif.inJl
ftreams, which form a fories of catarafts,
and encircle fcveral rocky ifland;^/ cn-
vtrcd with buildings; but at the mid-
dle of the town, and a little below the
main bridge, it :s navigible for fmall
veflcls to the Bronie, a long and narrow
bay of the Baltic. Here are manufac-
tures of woollen cloth, paper, and fire-
arms; Ibme fugar-hoiiles, and a brafs
foundery. Much corn and flour is ex-
ported ; and a falmon fifhery gives em-
ployment to many of the inhabitants.
It is 44 m NE Linkoping, and 90
sw Stockholm. Lon. 16 10 e, lat. 58
35 N.

Nordland, one of the five grand di-
vifions of Sweden, bounded on the n by
Lapland, e by the ^ulf of Bothnia, s by
Sweden Proper, and w by the fame and
Norway. It contains fix provinces.

Nordlingtn, a town of Suabia (lately
imperial; fortified in the ancient man-
ner. Here the league of the five wef-
tern circles of Germany was concluded
in 1702. In 1796, it was taken by the
French. It is a commercial place, feat-
ed on the Eger, 38 m nnw Augfburg.
Lon. 10 34 E, lat. 48 50 N.

Nordmaling, a town of Sweden, in
Angermania, near a buy of the gulf of
Bothnia, 24 m sw Uma, and 70 ne
Hernofand.

Nordftrand, an ifland of Det^mark, on
the w coaft of S Jutland, la m long and
5 broad- It has a town called Ham,
aL

'■■■ -n '''^- ^:

km

Wi

^
^(l'^--

'hi

NOR

a?, m w SIcfwick. Lon. 9 o i'., lat. 54

40 N.

/Vor/o/i, a coiiMty of F.nglnnd, bound-
ed on th<; N and k by the German
«)ci'an, SE and s l.y Suflolk, and w by
Cambridgeftiire and Lincolnfhire. It is
1"; m long and 45 htcid, containing
i,j88,3io acren; is divided into.iahun-
(iridd, and 724 parilhes ; Im8 one city
and 31 marki.t-tovvn9 ; iind ftnds 12
inemlxTH to pirliimtMU. The number
of inhabitants was 273,37 tin iHoi, and
291,999 in 181 1. The prodntita vary
according to the loil and fit nation. The
lij^ht arable lands produce barley in
greiit plenty ; whtat is cultivated in the
Itrongi'it Ibils ; and turnips are grown
ill jrreat quantities ; much buck-wheat
is alfo j-rovvn in the light Ibils, and ufed
for feeding fwine and poultry. The
fenny parts yield great' quantities of
butter ; which is lint to London under
the name of Cambridge butter. The
Ihecp are a hardy finalt breed, much
Talued for their mutton. Turkeys are
reared here to a l.irger fize than cUe-
vvhtre; rabbits are extremely numerous
en theiandy heaths; and therein abund-
ancg of game, efpecially of pheallmts.
The maniifadure'iof Norfolk are worl-
ted, woollen, and lilks. The principal
rivers are the Greit Oul'c, Nen, Little
Oufe, VVavenoy, Yaie, and Mure. Nor-
wich is the capital.

Norfolk^ a fe.iport of Virginia, ca-
pital of a coniily ot the fame name. It
was burnt, in 1776, by order of the
Britifii governor; but is now the rrolt
co'ifidenble commercial town in the
Hate. The chief exports are tobacco,
Hour, corn, ftavcs, and lumber. Here
are two churches, an academy, and a
theatre; and the harbour i.^ large enough
to contain 300 Ihips. The town ftands
on the E fide of Elifabeth river, near its
entrance into the cftuary of James river,
108 m ESE Richmond. Lon. 76 23 w,
lat. 36 55 N.

Norfolk Ijlandy an ifland in the Pa-
cific ocean, lying e of New S Wales,
difcovered by Cook in 1774, who found
it uninhabited. It is very hilly, but
fome of the valleys are tolerably large.
The whole ifland is covered by a thick
forell, but has not much underwood ;
and she principal timber tree is the pine.
The fpring is ptrceptible in Auguft ;
but the trees are in a conftant fuccei-
fion of flowering and fruiting the year
round. The ifland is fupplied with many
ftreams of good water, which abound
with very fine eels. The cliJTs round
the coaft are 240 feet high, quite per-
pendicular J and the anchor<ige is fafe

NOR

all round the ifland, on taking the !«
fide ; but there is no harbour. A li:t-
tlement was made here, in 17O8, by a
detachment from Port Jackfon, in Syd.
nty bay, on the s fide of the ifland, but
it was abandoned in 1812. Lon. i6ti
11 e, lat. 29 4 K.

Nor/tarn, a village in the detached
part of Durham, called Norhamfliire,
featfd on the Tweed, 6 m sw Berwick.
It is fuppoied to have been built by the
bifiiop of Lindisfarne ; and the church
had the privilege of famJluary. Its cal.
lie, on the edge of a rock above the
Tweed, has been many times taken and
dertroyed by the Scott), and as often re.
built by theEnglifii.

Scrhohn, a town of Norway, in the
diocefi? of Chriftianfand, 16 m Nsi
Chrilliinfand.

Sormaudi/, a Ijtc province of Francf,
bounded oil the w by the Atlantic, N
by the Knglilh channel, e by Plcardy
and the ifle of France, and & by Perchc,
Maine, and Bretagne. It is one of thf
mofl fertile provinces in France, and
abounds in all things except wine, Imt
that defe<5l is fnpplied by cider and
perry. It contains iron, copper, and a
great number of rivers and harbours.
This proviiice now forms the depart-
nients of Calvatlos', Kure, Manche,
Orne, and Lower i^eine.

i^orrid^eiuock, a town of the diftrict
of Maine, in Lincoln county, fituate en
ihe Kcnnebeck, 10 m w by n Canaan.

Narriton, a town of Pennfylvania, cap
pital of Montgomery county. Here it
a handlome Hone edifice for the prefer-
valion of records ; alfo an obfervatory,
ill which the celebrated Dr. Ritlenhouiii
was interred, agreeably to his requeft.
It is f( ated on the Schuylkill, la m nw
PhiLidelphia. Lon. 75 44 w, lat. 40 ion.

Norteli^ay or Nor i'elge, a feaport of
Sweden, in the province of Upland. It
lUffercd much from ravages committed
by the Ruflians in 1719. Near it h .1
forge for making fire-arms. It is 30
m NE Stockholm. Lon. 10 32 e, lat

5044 N.

North Cape, an enormous rock at the
N end of the ifland iViaggeroe,on the
coaft of Norway, and the moft northern
promoi;tory of Europe-, Lon. 25 57 e.
lat. 71 12 ^f.

Nori/i Sea, a name given to that part
of the Atlantic ocean, lying to the n of |
Great Britain and Ireland ; and fome-
times to that part lying e of Great Bri-
tain, more generally called the Britifii
or German ocean.

Narthallertor, a borough in N York- 1
fhire, writh a market on Wednefday.

NOll

NtNtr this plncc was fought the Inttle
bi't\V('t»n the I'ln^lilh and Scots, cillecl
the Hittic t)f tlu- Stnndard, in 113*. It
is (iitce! on ;i rivulot. which a mile
helnw joins the river Whilk, ,32 m nnw
York, and jji K by w Lon<ior,.

Snrihnmptony a town of M.ifl'ichn-
fcts. c;ipital of Ilampihirc county. It
h.i:i A conli(l*'r<ible inl.ind trade, and is
litiiatc on the Connc'liout, 100 m w
Bofton. L'tn. 71 ,38 w, lat. 41 14 n.

Northampton, A town of Pcnnlylv.wiin,
in the county of its name, lituatc on the
Ltigh, iH m W3W Lafton.

S'orthnni/>ton, a bnroui^di and the ca-
plt.iiof Northamptonlhirc, j^ovt-rned by
■A mayor, with a marlcct on Saturday.
It is ll.Mtt'd on the Nen, widch in navi-
gihle to l.ynn, and was formerly fnr-
iDiiiKifd by a w.ill, and had acaltic; the
outer wills of ihe latter are kept up,
and the interior in cultivated. It was
alinofl 'entirely deltroyed by fire in
16175, hut was foon rebuilt. It has four
churches, a fpacious market-place, .1
good frecfchool, and a county infirmary
and gaol' The principal manufadure
ij boots and ihoes, of which many are
fxpoittd. The number of inhabitants
w;is 70:0 in i8ot. and 8427 in 1811.
In the meadows below the town, a bat-
tle was fought "n i46o, between Henry
VI anil the Yorkiftj, in wliich the for-
mer WHS defeated and made prifoner.
Two miles to the s i, Qiieen's Crofs,
eredled by Edward i in memory of his
queen Eleanor. This tow is 30 m SE
Coventry, and 66 nw L .'idon. Lon.
I II w, iat. 53 II N.

Northamptonjhire, a county of Eng-
land, bounded on the s by Burking-
hamfhire and Oxford/hire, w by the
latter county and Warwickfhire, nw by
Leicefterrtiire .ind Riitlandlhire, n by
Lincolnfliire, and e by the counties )f
Cambridge, Huntingdon, and Bedford.
It is 60 m long and 2a where broadefl:,
containing 617,600 acres; is divided
into 20 hundreds, and 304 parifhes ; has
one city and 11 market-towns; and
fends nine members to parliament.
The number of inhabitants was 131,757
in 1801, and 141, 353 in 181 1. In the
NE part, near Peterborough, commences
a fenny trai5t, extending to the Lincobi-
JhireWalh. With this fingle exception,
Northamptonlhirc is ftid to contain lels
wafte ground, and more feits of the
nobility and gentry, than any other
county. The greateft defecft is a fcarci-
ty of fuel, which is but fcantily fup-
plied by its woods ; and though coal is
brought by the river Nen, it 13 at a
very dear rate. This county, however,

NOR

poffefTes fome confiderable remains of
its old forcfts, particularly thofc of
Rockingham on the nw, and of Salccy
anil VVhiltlebury on the s. Thf pro-
duii'j.ire, in genenl. the fame with thole
of other farming cnurtits; but it is
peculiarly celeluated for grazing land,
llorned cattle, and other animals, are
fitl to extraordinary lizes ; and many
horfcB of the Ur^c Maclv breed are rear-
ed. Woad for the diers i..> cii't vated
here; but the county is not dillii.giiilli-
ed for imnuf.n.'hiips. Tlie principal
rivers are the Nen and Wetland; befide
which it is partly watered by the Oufe,
Lcam, Chrrwell, and Avdii.

Korthjiuft, a village in Kent, Hated on
the Thames, a m w Gravefend. The
church is very large, and contains frag-
ments of monuments as ancient as the
fourteenth century. Vaft quantities of
lime are made here, and great numbers
of extraneous folliis have been dug up.

NorthlfCicht a town in Gloucefter-
fliire, with a miirket on Wednelday ;
featcd in the centre of the Cotefwold-
hiils, near the fuuree of the l.cch, 23 m
E Gloucefler, and 81 vv by S' London.

Northopt a town of Wales, in Flint-
fhitv, with a mar':et on Saturday, and
manufachircs of coarle earthen ware,
fire-brick>, ^:c. It is .3 m su Flint, and
i9n \-\v London.

Northorn, a town of Weftphalia, in
the county of Bentheim, on the river
Vecht, 10 m N Bentheim.

Northumberland, the moll northern
county of England. In the S^xon hep-
tarchy it was a part of the kingdom of
the . *humbrians, which contained
alfo the counties of York, Lancafter,
Durham, Cumberland, and Wtftmor-
land, and received its name from lying
N of the Humber. It is of a triangular
form, 64 tn the greateft length, and
50 the greateft breadth : bounded on
the E by the German ocean, s by the
biHiopric of Durham, w by Cumberland
and Scotland, and n by the detached
part of Durham called Norhamflilrc
and Iflandfhire. It contains 1,157,760
acres ; is divided into fix wards, and 83
parilhes ; has 10 market-towns ; and
?"ends fix members to parliament. The
number of inhabitants was 157,101 in
i8ot,and 164,415 in 1811. The foil is
various ; the k part fruitful in molt forts
of corn, with rich meadows on the
banks of the rivers ; but the w part 1.4
moftly heathy and mountainous. The
SB part abounds with thick feams of
coal ; and the sw angle has rich lead
mines. Limeltone and iron ore abound
in various parts. The chief rivers arc
a L s

N

WM 111*' P'

NOR

the Tynr, Coqueti A\n, and BIyth.
Alnwick is the couaty*town, but the
larecft town is NewcaAle.

Northumberland, a town of PennfyU
vania, in ihr county of its name, featcd
in the angle formed hy the jun^ion of
the b and w branches of the Sufqucha-
iia, i m above Sunbury, and iia nw
PhiiadelphlA

Northumbfrland Ijlandi, a chain of
iflands in the Pacinc ocean, near the
NE coalt of New Holland. Lon. 152
E, lat. 12 s.

hiortliumberland Str0it, the 8 part of
liie gulf of St. Lawrence, between the
illand of St. John and the coaft of New
Brunfwick and Nova Scotia

Korthwic/i, a town in Chefliire, with
a market on Friday, a cotton maiiu-
fadlurt, and corfiderable Jiilt-works.
Minos of folid rock fait have been dug
here to a meat depth, from which im-
menle quantities arc* railed ; and much
of it, in its crude ftate, is conveyed to
Liverpool to be exported • North wich
is feated on the Dan, at its jundtion
with the Woever, 30 m N e Chcfter, and
174 KW London.

Norton, a town of MalTachufets, in
Briilol county. A great quantity of
nails is made here, and it has a manu-
fa^ure of ochre fimilar to that of Taun-
ton. It is sR m 8 Bofton.

Norton, or Chipping Norton, a town
in Oxfordfliire, with a market on Wed-
nefday. Here is a frcefchool founded
by Edward vi, and a manufadlure of
horfe-cloths, tilting, 8cc. It is la m sw
Banbury, and 73 nw London.

Norton Sound, an inlet of the fea, on
the w coaft of N America, difcovercd
by Cook in his laft voyage. The en-
trance is between Cape Denbigh on the
E, and Cape Danby on the w, about 70
m diftance ; both lying in the fame la-
titude, and the latter in lon. 162 55 w,
lat. 6430 *•'.

Norwaik, a town of Connefticut, in
Fairfield county, with two churches,
and fome iron-Tvorks. Ii has a fmall
trade to New York and the W Indies,
and is fituatc on an inlet of Long Ifland
found, 50 m NE New York. Lon. 73
35 w, lat. 41 8 N.

Norway, a kii)gdom of Europe, the
moft wtftetly part of the ancient Scan-
dinavia. It is bounded on the w and n
by the Northern ocean, K^bySwedifli
Lapland and Sweden, and s hy the
Categot ; extendinj? from the Naze in
lat. 57 ^o, to the North Cape in Int. 71
10. its breadth, which is very unequal,
is from 40 to 280 m. It is divided
into the four government$ of Agger-

NOR

buys, or Chriftiania, Bergen, Drontlic!m,
and Wardhuys. From its rocky I'oil
and northern pofition, Norway is not
populous in proportion to its extent.
The Norwegians maintain their own
army, which confifts of 24,000 foot and
6000 cavalry. Their troops are much
efteemed for their bravery ; and, lite
theSwils mountaineers, arc exceedingly
attached to their country. Norway ii
blefTed with a particular code, called
the Norway law, compiled by GrieflVU
feld, At the command of Chriftian v, the
gre.1t kgillator of his country. By this
law, peaf.«ntR are free, a few otily ex-
cepted oil Ibme noble eftates near Fre-
dericll.idt. The Norwegian peafants
pofTi Ii much fpirit and hie in their
manner; are frank, open, and undaunt-
ed, but not infoleiit ; never fawning to
theii fuperiors, yet paying proper re-
li3e<5^to thofc above them. The fame
Ciiufcs which affe£^ the population of
Norway, operate likewife on the ftate
of tillage, for the country does not
produce f'ufficient corn for its own con-
I'umption ; but it is rich in pafture,
and feeds many cattle, fheep, and goats.
The fifheries, particularly on the w
coaft, find employment and wealth for
the natives, and fupply the fineft lailors
for the Danifh fleet. The principal
fifti are falmon, cod, ling, and whiting :
the fmalleft are given as winter foddei-
to the cattle ; and their livers yield
train-oil. The extenfive forefts of oak
and pine produce timber, fpars, beams,
and planks, befide charcoal, turpentine,
bark, fuel, and even manure j and tho
birch (the bark of which is ufed as a
covering for the roofs of houies) not
only fupplies fuel, but alfo a kind of
wine, i he general exports arc tallow,
butter, fait, dried fifti, timber, planks,
horfes, homed cattle, filver, cobalt,
alum, Pruflian blue, copper, and iron.
It abounds in lakes and rivers ; the
former fo large that they appear. like in-
lets of the lea ; but the rivers are in
general of a (hort courfe, except the
Giomme. The mountains are nume-
rous, and generally clothed with piiies
and firs : the graiKl Scandinavian chaiii,
which runs from s to n, dividing this
kingdom from Sweden, is known by
diftindt appellations ; the chief are the
ridges of Langfial, Dofrafial, Kolen,and
Severnoi. The wild animals are the
bear, lynx, wolf, fox, and hare; but
the moft Angular creature is the lem-
ming, or Norwegian moufe, of a rcddilh
colour, and about five inches long.
Thefe animals proceed in vaft numbers
from the ridge of Kolen toward the fea,

NOR

(Icvoiiring fvi'ry produ^ of the foil in
tlirir ciMirli.', uul ai lall ffcm to devour
cich othiT. Norway was (uiincily go-
vftiicit l»y ifs own hcrtJitaiy l\)viTfigiia.
O'l thi! dcmifc of Hagoii v, in IJ19,
witliotit male ifTiie, his rrantiron in tlic
iinalf lino, Alagnii< Smcl», iiiiitt'd in
liisperlbn the knigdoms of Swcilen and
Norway M iitniis was (ticctvded in the
kiitjidofn of Norway by his Too Ilagcn
VI, liiifba'jd ot the celehnted Mar;;a-
ret, and, at his di-ctali-, in i^ltj, Nor-
way was united to Denmark by their
liin Olof V, who dyinj; withoui ifl'iic,
Margjret hcrfelf was tailed tolhe throne
by tlie unanimous voiee ol tin; nation.
Oil ht r death it delciendid, with Den-
mirk and Sweden, to her neplifvv Eric.
Sweden was af'.erward Icparated from
Di^'iiinark by the valom- and .iddrefs of
Giift.ivu^ Vafa ; but Norway continues
united t») Denmark The capit li is
CI lilliania, but Beigcn is tiic muft pu-
pult>us c ty.

Nor<zuic/i, a city and the capital of
Norfolk, and abilhop's fee, with a mar-
ket on Wednefday, Friday, and Satur-
day. It is farrounded by a wall, now
much decayed, and Icated on the Yare,
which is navigable to Yarmouth. It is
acounty of itfclf, govei ned by a mayor,
and of coniiderabie extent, but con-
tains a numb.-r of gardens and orchards
within the walls. There are, bwiide
the cathedral, 36 parifh-churches, two
churches for the Flemings, fome dif-
li'iiting meeting-houleii, and a Roman
catholic chapel. It has a llately callii*.
on a hill, which is the (hire houfe and
the county gaol ; alfo a city and county-
hofpitai, a lofty market houfe of free-
Aoiif, a freefchool founded by Kdward
VI, and feveral charitable foundations.
The ancient dukes of Norfolk had a pa-
lace here, which is ftill in exiftencc as a
workhoufe. Near this city are the ruins
of the caftle of Kelt, the tanner, by whofe
rebillion, in the reign of Edward vi,
tht city Wild reduced to a ruinous ftate.
Norwich has manufadtnres of crapes,
bombazines, and Ituffs of various kinds.
The number of inhabitants was ^6,8 54
in i8o[, and 37,256 in 1811. It is 43 m
N' Ipfwich, and io8 ne London. Lon.
I so E, lat 5a 40 N.
Nornvic/i, a city of Connetflicut, in

I ^<cw London county. It ib in three di-

hifions, na.nely Chelle.1, the Town, and
Btan hill; and it has three chinches.
The executive courts of law are held at

I this place and New London alternately.
Here are made paper of all kinds, Itock-

|ings, buttons, ftone and earthen ware.

NOT

and all kinds of forge- work. It is fe-it-
cd on the Shetucket, nt its jnndtioii
wkU the Quin.ibang, whole united
ftream Unmt ihc Thames, la n> n New
L( :idon. Lon. ;» 3 W', lat. 41 an n.

Sorwich, a town of Vermont, in
Windfor county, feattd ox\ the C<»nncc-
ticnt, oppofiie linnover in New Ilamp-
Ihire, and 20 m s Windfor.

SnJJ'erit a town of Ur'P' r Saxony, in
Mifiiia, ituatf on iheFrvyburg Muldaii,
id m vv Di( Iden.

Notchtfiifonfit a town of Ilindooflan,
in the pri:viiice of Bi'^ar, 47 m hflw
Nagponr, an<l 75 ssw Ellichponr.

Notc^/jurjf, a town of RiiHi 1, in the
g()vt?rnineiit of Petcrfburg, feated on an
ifl ind in the lake Ladoga, at the place
wh<'re the Neva ilTaej. It has a good
citadel, and was the capital of ingria,
before Peteifburg was built. Il is 25 m li
Peterfbiirg. Lon. 31 9 B, lat. 59 56 N.

Noto, a city of Sicdy, capital uf Val
di Nolo, h was ruined by an earth-
«]uake in 169.), and rebuilt on a better
Hte. It has good ftreols and handfome
buildings- and contains nearly 16,000
inhabitanid. The vicinity prodrces ex-
cellent wines, and abundance of all
the neccflaries of life. It is 100 m ssw
Meffina. Lon. is 14 e, lat. 36 53 N.

Nottingham, a borough and the capi-
tal of Nottinghamfhi»-e, governed by a
mayor, with a market on Wednefday
and Saturday. It ftands on the lide
and fummit of a rock, into which are
cut fome fmall habitations, and numer-
ous vaults or cellars. At the «/ end,
on a rocky erninence^ is a caftle, a mag-
nificent modern ftrud^ure, belonging to
the duke of Newcaftic, built on the file
of an ancient fortrefs, celebrated in En-
gliHi hiftory. It is a handibme town,
diftinguiflied by its fpactous market-
place, and noted for its excellent ale.
The number of inhabitants ^\a8 28,861
in 1801, and 34»»53 in 1811. It is one
of the principal leats of the flocking
manufafture, particularly of the finer
kinds, as thole of lilk and cotton ; and
has alfo a manufadure of coarfc earthen
ware. The malting bufinefs is likewife
coi'.nderable, and in the neighbourhood
are many coalpits. It has three parifh-
churches, and many meeting-houles for
diflenters. Here Charles i fet up his
ftandard at the commencement of the
civil war, which terminated in his de-
ftrudion. Nottingham is feated on a
river, which communicates with the
Trent, a mile to the s. It is i6 m E
Derby, and 124 n by w London- Lon.
law, lat. 5a 58 N.

NOV

Sijtlin,^/./im, a town of Miryl.md, in
Prince Gcorni! county, lim.iti" on the
I'jtnx' nt, lo m !»k VVailiinKtoa.

\'ottin,i^/i.im, A town of Ntw Iliimp*
(hire, in Kockinghum county, 14 m
saw lixottr.

Sottiiii^hiimj'hirtt acouniy of l'',ii^;l.iii(!,
hounded on the N l)y YorkfJiirc and
Mncolnlhirc, v by tlic l.it»cr county, »
by Lcicrltrrlliin', and w hy Dirbyfliirc.
It is 4U m long and 20 l)io;id, contaii\-
ing ^{)t„yfto acid ; is divided intofcviii
hundreds, and ac8 parilhcs; has nine
niarliLt-towns, and fends tijjht mcmlieis
to pnlianicnt. Th«; niimbtr of inliabit-
•nnts was 140,^50 in 1801, and i'ii,9oo
In iHii. It enjoys fuch a temperature
of foil and climate, as to render it ont>
of the mod fiMiile and pleafant counticH
in England The principal rivtrr. arc the
Trent and Idhr. Almoft the whole of
the middle and weftern partH were for-
merly occupied liy the txtcnfive forcft
of Sliirwood, which is the only royal
forcft N of the Trent ; but the wood
has in mofl parts been cleared, and tht
extent of the forell much contra^ed by
enclofures. The chief produifls of this
county arc coal, of whittii there is gr»at
plenty ; a kind of ftonc foircwhat like
alahaller, but not fo hard, which, when
burnt, makes a plaHcrexceedinijIy hard,
and with this the inhabitants ^'cuerully
lay the floors of their upper rooms, in-
fttad of h(;ardit.g them : its other com-
modities are malt, hops, wool, licorice,
and woad. The manufadlures chiefly
-coiifilt of framework-knitting, glafs, and
e.iithen ware-

yova Scotin, a Britifli province of N
America, which formerly, till 1784, in-
cluded the province of NewBrunfwick.
It is bounded on the s and iiE by the
Atlantic, k" by 'he gut of C'anfo, n by
Northumberland ftrait, and nw byN*;*
Bri'ifwick and the bay of Fundy. Its
length is a.35 m, from Cape Sable on
the sw to Cape Canfo on the ne ; its
extreme breadth is 88 m, but the mean
of the peninfular part h not more than
45. It has fevcral lakes, and a vaft
number of fmall rivers. The French
fettled here before they made any efta-
blifhment in ('anada, and called it
Acadia. The firfl grant of lards was
made by James 1, of England, from
whom it received the name of Nova
Scotia. Since the firft iettlement it has
more than once changed rulers and pro-
prietors, nor was it confirmid to Eng-
land till the peace of L'irecht» in 17 15.
Though fituate in a favorable part of
f |ie t*'mperaie zone, the atmofphcrc, for

NOV

a great pirt of the ycr, Ih clouded witli
a thick li'/, wlir '. riP lirB it unheal'liy ;
itnd for lour monthii it ih intenlely told.
A great p.iit «it the Ct.iintry luit in to-
red ; uid the Icil (except on ili<- banks
of the liver* i' thin and batien. Hali-
fax In the capital

Sova /•rmlilu, an ifland in the Frozrn
ocean, leparatid Intm 'he ct)iitinciit of
RnlUa by the ftrait ol VVaiK'"'/- I' i* 500
m long ind from looto 100 liroad, and
w,'.» didjovi-rrd by the Fn^lifh in \s\y
In i5'>^, a Duleh vflil being calt aw.iy
on the colli, the crew were ol)iij;cil to
wintir here, and uith great dinienlty
pret'-rved their livei). Since that, Ibmc
Kunians h.ive pallVd a winter wiiiiout
riifTeriiiK (b much The country V n-
prelented as extremely dcfolate, pro-
ducing no tree, nor .my vegetable hut
mofl. and Ibme few .irtllic plants. It is
not luppiifid to have any human inha-
bitants The animals leen there ;iro
while bearti, while f'oxc ', elks, vain-
dr(r, and rabbits. Lon. jiJ to 78 e,
lat 70 to 78 N.

Soiuilefe, a tort-n of Piedmont, at tin
foot of NIount Cenis and the fourcc ol'
the Doria, 40 m nw Turin.

Soi'aliet A town of Italy, in Trcvi-
fano, 10 m sw Trevifo.

yicvaray a town of Italy, in Mila«
neli;, which contains 17 churches befiJe
the cathedral. It is feated on an emi-
nence, near the Agogna, 30 m w by i
'Viilun. Lon. 15 o k, lat. 45 18 n.

SoviUara, a town of Italy, in Mo-
dencie, capital of a I'mall piincipaliiy,
with a caltle. It is 17 m e by m Parma,
and 18 NNw Modcna.

Novi, a town of the territory of Ge-
noa, with a ftrong caftle on a mountain
It is the principal depot for goods going
from Genoa to the n part jf Italy and
into Germany. Near this pl.ice, in
1799, the Auftrians and Ruflians defeal-
ed tht French, who loll nearly lo.coo
men, and their general Joubert vas
killed. It is 27 m nnw Genoa.

Novi, a fortified town of Croatia, nii
the right bank of the Unna. In i;liy,
it was taken by the Aulhiims. It is 5;
msECarlftadt! Lon. 1655 f, lat.458^■•
iVoal/ Bazar, a town of Eun pra.
Turkey, in Strvia, feated near the Ord-
CO, 72 m w Nilla, and 103 s Delgrailc
Lon. 21 I E, lat. 43 35 N'.

Novi/fra(i, u town of Upper Hungary,
capital of a county of the iame mime,
with a calHe ; leated on a mouiitain, |
near the Danube, 25 m n Buda.

NovixmJ: atou'n of Dalmalia, with
a caftle; feated on a lake of the to|

nimp, nr.iri
Nona, and 3
S'ot'ijfrnJ,
Turkey, In i
iiii'h'. .15 m I
\ovoi(orod
nfa govcrnm
I'ormerly call
(lillinguifh it
fame apprllj
time, govern
w,is, in f.ii'f,
rifilirtion of
territory extei
frontiers of L
prifing great
Archangel, at
the Mw limits
the great mar
,tiul tl'i' h.iii'e
mofl rapid a
po^iiil.ition. Fi
its lit nation fe
rili: to a proi
CJofIs and Gre
15th century,
wii obliged tc
duke of Riini.i
Ifl'sthi'largeft
in Ruflia, and (
fouls. Itwasfii
bythecrueltiw
dour was imt t
the great built
transferred al
Baltic that ha
It now contai
and a vaft nun^
vents are me
its former mr
ftretches on be
river of confid<
which feparate
and the qnart(
latter is a larj
cathedral of St
princei of th«
are interred.
the Nend ofth
Petern>urg. L<

Novogorod,
capital of a i
name, and an
a caftle, furroui
two cathedrals,
five convents,
able, and the
with all kinds
Koods. It is f(
the Oka with t
Mofcow. Lon

NovogoroJ,
f-a, capital of a
wme. It is ft

NOV

nimff TK'Tf the miM of Venice, 17 m i
^I'lin.l, and ^5 Nw '/,.ir.1.

SovijfrnJ, .1 flroiijt pliicc of Europr .in
Turk«'yi i» Scrvia. fcatcd nc.ir the Da-
„ul,r, .15 m N NilTi.

Sovo^oroJ, a city of Hii(li,i, capital
of a povcrtimt'iit «)f thi- (!imc name, and
lormi-rly called (Jrcat N<)vi»j((»r<id, to
ililUM>!;uifh it from other town* of the
fiinc apprilatioii. It was, for a K)nK
time, govi-riii-d by itr> own dnkcB ; and
was, in f.n't, a n-piihlic, under the ju-
rifilirtion of a nominal fov«r«'iKn. Its
territory extended tofhi* n ;ih far as the
frontieri of Livonia and Finland ; com-
prifniK f;r*:.\t part of the province of
Archangi'l, and a large diftridt beyond
lh(< NW limits of Sib«'ria. This city was
the great inarf of trade between Runia
aiul tl'i' h in'catic citien, and made the
moft lapid advances in otnilcnco and
populition. Its power was (o gnat, and
its litiiation fo imp'eKnahie, as to give
rile to a proverb. Who can refill tho
Uods and Great Novogorod • But in tli«
15th century, this independent republic
was obliged to fubmit to Ivan 1, gr.^nd
(liike of RnlTia. It continued, nevertlic-
leH.the largeft and moft commercial city
in Riiflla, and contained at leaft 400, foo
foul*. It was fir" dcfolated, in a manner,
by the cruelties n' Ivan 1 1 ; but its fplcn-
dour was not totally cclipfcd until Peter
the great built Peterfburg, to which he
transferred all the commerce of the
Baltic that had before centered here.
It now contains fcarcely 7000 Ibnis ;
and a vaft number of churches and con-
vents are melancholy monuments of
its former magnificence. The town
ftretches on both fides of the VolltofT, ?
river of confiderable depth and rapidity,
which feparates it into the Trading Part
and the quarter of St. Sophia : in the
latter is a large fortrefs, including the
cathedral of St. Sophia, in which feveral
princes of the ducal family of Ruflla
are interred. Novogorod is fituatc near
the N end of the lake Ilmen, 115 m sse
Peterlburg. Lnn. 31 45 e, lat. 58 25 n.
Novogoro/i, Niznei, a city of Riifiia,
capital of a government of the famt
name, and an archbilhop's fee. It has
acaftle, furrounded by ftone walls ; alio
two cathedrals, 28 parilh-churches, and
five convents. The trade is confider-
able, and the fliops richly funiifhed
with all kinds of foreign and home
goods. It is feated at ttie conBux of
the Oka with the Volga, 280 m E by n
Mofcow. Lon 46 30 a, lat. 56 34 n-

Novogorod, Sever/it, a town of Ruf-
f.a, capital of a government of the fame
Mme. It is feated on the Defna, 340

Nun

m 8W Mofcow. Lon. 3: 40 *» 'at
51 ao N.

MovoiftotLi, a town of Lithuania, ca-
pital III ,1 p.ilatin.itc of the tiime name
It Itandu on a hill i in a vail pl.iin. Ho
m M by E Wilna. Lon. a6 « k, lat.

53 »5 N-

Sovoniirjforot/, a town of Uniria, in

the governn\cnt of ( athariiienllaf, 1./"
nt WNW Calh.iiincnn.if. Lon. 31 44 '^■t
lat. 48 40 N,

.\outnit a town of Poland, in tl>e pa-
latinate ofCr.tcow.neir which arr mints
of gold and filvcr. It is 30 n> s ('racnw.
S'oiLiJwo., a town (if Lithuania, in
the p.ilatinateof Novogrodek, Ko in '»w
Novogroilek.

.\o<ivi,i(oro(l, a town of Lithuania, in
the palatinate of Maliivia, fituate on the
r^arew, 80 m nnk W^irl'.tw.

\oxan or Soxonton, a to\.'n of Dc-
lavaic, in Newc -Itlc cunty, 17 m s
'vVilniington, and ai n Dover.

Soya, a town of Spiin, in Oalicia.
The ciiief trade is in (liip-builjing. It
(lands ai the moutli ot the Tanibro, 15
m w Compollelia.

Not/erj, a town of France, in the de-
partment ofYonne, icatcd on the Serin,
19 m KSE Auxerrc.

Not/on, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Oile. It gave birth to thi;
famous Calvi'i ; and was lately an cp'f-
copal lee It is fcatcd near the Oifc, aa
m NW SoiflTona, and 60 n by t Paris.

Xuzeroi/, a town of France, in the de-
partment ol Jura, with a call le, feated
on a mouiit;iin, 20 m se Saline.

Nul/ia, a country of Africa, bounded
on the N by Egypt, k by the Red fea,
8 by Abyflinia and DarHmr, and w by
Rornou. It is about 6co m long, and 450
broad. The Nile runs through it ; on
the banks of which it is fruitful, but in
other places barren, fiuuly, and deititutc
of water. The inhabitants malie their
bread and drink of a lir.all round feed
called doca, or feft", which is a kind of
millet. Their ho'iles have .nud walls,
are very low, ani'i covered with reeds.
The drefs of the better fort is a veil
without fleeves, and they have no cover-
ings for their heads, legs, and feet. The
co.-nmon people wrap a piece of linen
cloth about them, and the children go
quite naked. 'I'hey are a ftupid de-
bauched people, but profefs to be Mo-
^'amcdans. 'I'ht productions of the
country are gold, elephants teeth, civet,
and fandal-wood ; and a great many
(laves are lent into tlgypt- It h divided
into feveral kingdoms, and thole beft
known to the Europeans are Scnnar and
Dongola.

iH/W

¥»

■f i* '1

N*

i

%

1

■,.d

(1 . ■

1

''". ■ 1

I'.'f .

''/■■ AI

1 ]

1;

|1|H

k

NIT 11

Sutx, a tort; of Spiin, In thf pro-
vinci of Lroni on the bonlcrtnt Portu-
gal, 15 ni 1 Rr.tK^it'a.iiid 4H w Z itnorA.

,VuWzi i» I' *n of Ff^ritr, in llic ili«-
p.irtinent ui ( utr d'Oi't hmtim lur rx*
ccllciit wine* i U'atfc! at the foot of a
moiiiX'ti' . I s m *iiw Dijon

\idu/ii<vt4 ', ftr Ingraham Ijlan^u

Sui,.i, a town of ai';^"!, in V.iUnfi.i,
nr.nr th«.' le><i:oail, ,10m nkk V.ilciicu.

t^un,or yted de S:tn,.\ province in »he
a part of tlw kin^ilom of Siis. The
emperor of Morocco arrogate* to I im-
felfthc lovcD-igMty, but hit real ai tho-
ricy in fXtiTincly iVtble. ThU d^rfrrt
province is iiiliabitt'd by ditfcrcnt tribes
of Arabi, whoft* cimpM are fcattcrtd
over fuch intciior pailM of thu country
nn are capable of cviltivation. It haa 4
jiv»-r of ilic iami nanu*, which enters the
Allantic on the n fidf ol Cape Non.

NioitJi/thoog, a town and fortrrU of
I-Iindouif^an, capital of a diftri^t, in
MyioTv. It in built on the fnmmit of
.1 moiiiitaii), 1700 feet in hcHght, the
tnattT p.irt inaccffllble ; but it was
ucfngcd and taken by the Rnglilh, in
1/02. It is 70 m N Serinwapatam.

r*untt.t,iiu A town in Warwicklhlre,
with i mnrkt't on Saturday, and nianu>
failures nl' woollen cloth and ribands.
It waa fornicrly not»'d for a nnnncryi
and is (i-atcd on the rivir Anker, 9 m N
by v- Coventry, ui.d <^B nw London.

Nuujinogodtt., a town of HinduoRan,
in My lore, with a ruinous fort, and a
jat'gc fquart' tt'inple ; fituatc in the fork
foimed by the junction of the Kaundini
with the Kcipini, ij m a by K Myfore.

Nimuy, a village in Somerfetniire,
5 m sw Frome- Here arc th^ remains
of a ftroiig cadle, which \.'as burnt by
the parliament forces in (£45.

iJurenberg, a city of Franconia (late-
ly imperial) capital of a ten itory of the
fame name, with a univerfity. It is 6
)n in circuit, fnrrounded by high walls,
flanked with 36.<; towers; aiid through
thti middle of ii flowb the river Pegnitz»
.over which are 6 ftonc bridges and
feveral of wood. The inhabitants, efti-
^uted at 30,000, are very induflricus,
^nd good workmen : their maps and
prints arc in high efteem, as well as
their muflcal and mathematical initru-
mentsi nor are they lei's curious in
clockwork, and in the feveral manu>
fadturesof iron, fttel. ivory, wood, and
^labafter, '1 he btft toys arc made here,
. which .ire comn>only known in England
by the name of Dutch toys. Here is a
famous acndemy fur painting, an anato-
mical theatre, and a publiclibrary. The
;mcient caftle or palace is ftili ftanding

N YL

at th^ rxtwrnity of the city; and the
arfen^l i* one ol the bed in Germany.
I'he huufen are built of frccllnne, and
urr* font or five itories hi;:h. 'I'hough
the '(I |{ion is the I.ntheran, thr> church
of t'.i- lloly Ghnlt \u\» u v.irivty of re.
Iici) a» alio the imperial crown, fcep-
tn*, <cc. thi fworri of St. Vhuri».c, And
th«' kI«*vi-m, llippcrn, and hnnlit^ry
crown ol emperor Kodolph 1 1 No Jrwi
arc fuiVi'ied to lodge a iingic night here ;
nor cm iluy enter the city without
pnyiiK' a certain tax. Nurrnhnrg h.ni
olM.iikied A cohlideiabie territory, loe
m in circuit, in which are two l.irgc
forefti. Ill 1807, by the treaty of Tilhf,
it was given to U.iv.iria. It i« 9S m m
by w Nluiiicli, and ajo wnw Vienna.
Lou r I 4 K, lut. 4g 27 N.

Niirtingm, a lovvn ol Siiabia, in tlir
duchy ot Wirttinbi rg, with a holpit.il,
foutidrd in 14U1. liid to be the riclirll
friund.ktion in the duchy It h CituMv
on ih«' Neikar, 14 m s^. Stutg.ird

Sujco, a town <<{ .\4pl0H, in Printi-
pato Ultra, H ni N by w Con/a.

Suijirpour, a town of llindnolhiii, in
the piovincc of Sindy, filuate on the
Sinde, 1.1 m Hw Hydrabad-

Suys, a town ol France, in the Ac-
partmr lit ()t Koer, lately ol Germany,
m th)- arclibidiopric <>f C(jlogne. It
has a college of Auguflme canons, and
a trade in coal and deals. It wan takrn
by th«r rrrnch in 1794; and is (ealtd
on the ICrtl't, near its conflux with the
Rhine, 22 m NNW Cologne.

Vyborg, a feaport of D»nmark, on the
K cuart of the ille of Funen. There-
mains of the old p ilace, in which Chril-
tian 11 was born, now fcrvei for a ma-
gazioe and arieii.d. It h featcd on a
bay of tlic Great Btlt, 10 m b Odcnlce.
Lon. lo 40 fc, lat. 5<; 30 n.

■Sj/koptng, a town of Denmark, in N
Jutland, with a good harl)Our,*on the
gulf of Lymfoul. it llanHn on the i
fide of the in.iiid of Mors, which is
formed by branches of the pnlf, 40 m
w by s Alburg. Lon. 8 36 K,lat. 56 52 N.
^y/eopingy a fesport of Denmark, ca-
pital of the ifle ol Falftcr, with a royal
palace, and one of the befl endowed
hofpitals in the kingdom. Ii Hands on
a narrow channel, oppofile rhe illc of
Laland, 60 m ssw Copenhagen. Lon.
II 58 E, lat. 54 50 N.

Ni/kopiug, a town of Sweden, capital
of Sudcrinania, with a harbour, and the
remains of a ftrong callle. It is fcated
OH a river of the fame name, near the
Baltic, 70 m sw Stockholm. Lon. 17
a; E, lat. 5B 35 n- , .

Ni/land, a province of Sweden, m

cUv t ind the

I ill (termaiiy.

frrclionei xnd

li^h. Though

'jin, th** church

I variety of re-

I cruwn, ft-cp-

Vhuriwir, and

ifid hmilit^ry

[ih M Nojcwi

igic iiiyht here ;

r city without

NunnbiKg has

tfrri'oryi loo

.irc two l.irgf

treaty of Tilht,

It i* gs ni M

WNW Viciiiu.

i.

Siialiia, in tlir
vith » holjxtal,
o be I ho liclirll
y It \n ntii.\l(;
Stiitg.iril
,'^lcM, ill Priiici-
Coiiza

' IIiiul(<olt.iii, ill
filuate on the
ad.

tice, in the do-
ly ol Germuiiy,
f CcdognC' It
inc canons, and
I. It wait tnkrn
; and is (e;ittd
nnflux with the
pnf.

)« nmark, on the
until. Tiifi re-
in which C hril-
forves fur a ma-
i.s fcatetl on a
o m H Odcnice,

Denmark, in N
iail)our,*on the
t;iiiHH on the i
Mors, which in
the j:uit, 40 m
6 E,lat.56 5iN.
f Denmark, ca-
rt with a royal

bcft endowed
It (lands on

file rhe iflc of
uiihagcn. Lon.

Sweden, capital

arbour, and the

2. It is fcated

name, near the

hoJm. Lon. 17

of Sweden, ia

n n A

Finland, lying on the Kulfof ['iiiland, to
the IV of ( arcli.t. It 11 1 au m Im^ and
from )o to 60 bro.<d, and .1 ffrtil* nl'M-
Uiit Ci'tiinry, bcitiK btltir p«o|;>icJ an J
culttv.ited iiian the ncigliboiirmK pro*
»iiic«*i The chief trade i» In C'ln, cat-
tle, plank* linen, attd dtied tilh. The
|t>e ol Bort;o i>* in thii nroviuce, liut
ilcllinjjion i» the ptiii'Mp.il town.

Ni/jht, a town uf Riiini, In the }?o-
vrinmcnt of \\ ihiiri^, 00 ihelake 81110:1.
Th<' Clitic, which llandu on :i rock in a
rifcr, lit ir thct(»wii, ii (lioii^tly foriirud
liy D.itiire itid ait' It was taken from
the Swcdci, in 171 ), by the KulViam,
who ri'ftored it at the piace of Nyllult |
liiit it was (tiveii up to the KuIH-iuh by
the tfvaty of Abo. It ii 50 m nw Wi-
hiir^r.

Syjlnt, a town of Kullia, in thr bo-
viriiiiiciit of Livoni I, with a canic •
I'l.iti-d on the Naiuva, among large
iii.icllie*. 10 m t by w Narva.

Syjhtilt, a town ol Sweden, in Fin-
lai.d I'roper, with a commodioiu har-
bour, and a conlidcrablc trade in all
kinds of wondci) vtU'els. In 1711 a
piMCC was concluded here, between
Rudia and Sweden. It i» Ic.ited on a
bay of tin" Kulf of Bothnia, 55 m kw
Abo L')ii. :i 31 v^ lat. 61 to n.

NyJ)cJ, a town of Denmark, on the
SK t'oall of the; iflc of Lal.ind. it car-
ries on a conlid..rable tr.tde to tin.*
northern provinces of Gcrmiiiiy, and id
19 m Eat: Naxkow.

O.

Oakham, the chief town of Rutland*
Ihiri', with a market on Saturday. Near
the church are the d< cayiitg walls of an
old cattle ; and four fliv.r pennies of
the latter Mercian kings were found
here in 1749- It has a canal to Melton
Mowbray, and (lands in the centre of a
fertile diaria, called the Vale of Cat-
mofe, a8 m s by k Nottingham, and
95 N by w London. Lun. o 46 w, lat.
51 4» w. .

Oukhnmfiton^ a !)oro«gh in Devon-
ft'.ir'', governed by a mayor, with a
iiiarl<et on Saturday. It has a maim-
r.i<ilure of firrgts, and the lemains of a
c;\ftle, difmantled by llcnry viii. It
Hands on the river Oak, 24 m w Exclcr,
and 195 w by s London.

Oaiini(/ia>n ; fee lyokingham-

Oaks Creek ; fee Caniaderago.

Oaxaca ; fee Guaxaca.

Obant a town of Scotland, in Argyle-
Hxii, on a bay 3 m to the s of the en*

OCA

trance uf Loch Etiv« lien* li a cuAoin*
hoiife. anti 411 excellent harbour capa*
bic of coiita'tiitig iipwaid of 500 mer«
«. .ttitmeit, defeiultd Ir >tn the wclitrly
u indf , by the iiUiid of Kerera. U U •»
m NW Invcrary. Lon. ) at w, Ut>
56 »8 N.

Obdtul,,^. town of (Jermany, in Stiria,
at the conflux of the Achxa and Traun,
9 m Mr. Juileiibiirg.

Obtrkirtht a (own of Su.tbia, 15 m I
Strafburg, and ,so w by <i Stutgard.

ObctHberg^ a town of H.tvaria, with a
caltli, lieatcU on the Inn, la m law
P.tiri(i.

Obfrndorf, a town of Siiabii, in thft
county of liuhciibcrg, fcated on the
Neckar, ti m nnk Koitiwcil.

ObernkirthrHt a town of Weflphali.i,
in the county of .Schaucnburg, j ni t
Biicki.biirg.

ObiJoj, a town of Portugal, in Liftre-
midura, with a Atoiig ralUc on a rock,
1) m I'. Peniclie, and j8 nnk l.ifbnn.

(ihojan, A town of KulFi i, in the go-
vernment of Kiiilk. ai the conflux of
ih»' Ohoj inka with the Pfiul, 3.; m s by
vv Kill Ik.

(Jbol/a/i, a ftio..g town of Pcrfia, in
Irak, I'e.ited on a br.inch of the Tigris,
iie.ir UifTir.i.

Ob/luiii, a pulf or bay of Sibeiia, in
the Fr»)/,rii ocean, about .j6o in iVom n
to 5, a.id from 45 to 60 in breadth.
Near the middle vf its r lUlc brnnches
out the gulf of Ta'4'iw(k li.i, about 140
m long and 30 broad. The -sw extre*
mity of tlic gulf of Obflcaia, where the
river Oby cntcri it, is in lon. 69 15 t,
lai. 66 55 s.

Oi/vi»ji, a town of RufTia, in the go-
vernment of Perm, fituale on the Kama,
60 m N Perm. Lon. 56 o f,, Ut. 58 44 n.

Obi/, or Ob, the lar^eft river of Sibe-
ria, and of the RiilTi^.n empire. It ilPues
from the lake Altyn, in the defert of
Ilchimlka, and runs Nw and w, by Ko-
liv.m, Narim, und Surgut, till it receives
the Irtyfli from Tobollk, when it flows
N and NK till it enters the pulf of Ob-
fkaia, after a courfe of 19^0 m. It is
navi^'able almofl to itsi fource, and is a
linooth dream, aboundinf; in fifti. In
its courfe, cfpccialiy after the influx of
the Irtyfli, it forms a great number of
iflands.

Ocanna, a town of Spain, in New
Cailile, leated on a plain, 24 m eni
Toledo, and 37 s by e Madrid.

Ocanna, a town of Terra Firma, in
the province of St. M.artha, on the Rio
cle Oro, which flows to the Madalena.
It is 240 m s by E St. Martha. Lon.
73 26 w, lat. 7 40 N.

'■:} . :<

■■fell,.

•I

1 k

♦ -I

^^1

*u

:!^«

i';!ji.

ODE

(>r^rf.}/t^ R lliont,' liiwii At hnruprnn
Tii)it(,y,iii ApMrii.i, .tiul .in .uctiliiilii)|)'4
fee It ft-tiiilt oil ilir MW lUtfof A l.iki*
to which it givm n.iiiu'. formtil !>/ the
rivtr Diino, 76 m ^ Dunxxu. I.011.
tl I ►• lit. 41 40 N.

Othjt»/urt, R low 0 of I'VAncnnl), in
ihe priiicip,itily of Wiirtyhurif, icatcJ
on the Mainr, 10 m »« Wurt/huig.

Otl\/'tnhayjtnt a town nf Siiihh, nr.ir
which I* R l.itr prirtCi'ly ahtwy. It ii 14
in H tJlin,iinil 40 umw Aiit(ll)iir)r.

0/^i/rt a tiviT nf I.owtr J'.ixnny,
which rifti in ihe • pirt <»f the iliichy
<»f HlUfifwick, 11' vv» liy lioll.ir, Wolfin-
buttle, Niitl Hnitilw.ck, .-md join* ihc
Alltr, » ot /ti:.

(h\nt, ;. fr.iport of St. Dominuo, on
a livct .ititl h.iy of ita nanio. lieu ii
plenty «>» frcfh u.itir, l.iij'c falt-worlcn,
.will alMiinlnncr I'f bi'ivc", (liccp, aiul
hogi. h in 45 m ^^ 8t. Ucinln^o. l.un.

70 *6 W, l.it. 18 I J N.

Otxnkoiut or dichakof, a (Irong lia^
poit .in«l f«)rtr«(» of RiIiIm, in llie j;i(.
vcrnmrnt (irc.tth.iiinc-nl1.-if. It him hern
frequently an ohjr^t nf contcft bitvvf'-n
the Tiirkn .mil the Kiitri.ttm, m.iny thou-
lanclu ot whom have f.«IU-n in thf differ-
ent ficgcs it h.-ii iindcrjrorie. It was
taken by ftorm by the RulTlans, in 1788,
and confirmed to them by the (ubfi--
aui'nt peace. Thi« important place ii
the k(*y to both the Bog and Dnieper,
rivers of grcut conii-quencc to this part
of the empire. It is fcat«d near the
Black le.i, on the N fide of the ettuary
of the Dnieper, oppolitc Kinburn, 50
m w Chfrfon, and 190 n by t- Con-
ftantinople. Loii. 30 30 J- , lat. 46 35 x.

Oddena ; fee Cf or/ft del Mina.

Odenhacht a town of France, in the
department of Mont Tonnerre, lately of
Germany, in the duchy of Deux Pouts;
feated on the Glun, 34 m sw Mentz.

Odenfee, a town of Denmark, capital
of the ifle of Fiinen, and a billiop's lee.
It fiipplies the greati-lt part of the
army v^ith all their leather accoutre-
ments, and is particularly famous for
gloves. IJere are alfo manufaAures of
cloth, fut;ar, and foap. It is fituate on a
river, 6 m from th< bay of Stegeltrand,
and 90 w by s Copmhagen. Lon. 10
17 E, lat 5530 N.

Odtr, u river of Germany, which has
its fource in the mountains of Moravia,
and flows N loOderberg; then pafles
by Raiibor, Oppein, Breflau, and Glo*
gaii, in Silefia ; Crnflcn, Frankfort,
Lebus, Cuftrin, and Frnwalt, in Bran-
denburg ; and Gartz, Stettin, Cnmin,

OEL

Wolltn, irfidom, and WolK»lt. In Fo.
m'-r.inU. Rduw ilti-ltin it foims a laritc
Lkiorhay. c.ilh d Gpif* II if?', uiul lh<n
rnttrvlhi' lldllc U-.t by thm- chaiuicli,
c^llid I'l'iTe, Hwlii, and Diwrnow ( he*
lwc< n whioh ll« the illaiids of (ffcd> ni
and Wolltn.

tUriii.rtf, n lowii of Murnvia, on the
ciitiHnen of Kilrfia, with a caltle i Ii itid
III) the Odi r, at the influx of the Llia,
iH m NNw Tefohtii-

(Ufihrr<;, a town of Uiandrnhurg, in
the Mivhlle mark, fitu.ite on ihr Oder,
ij III N\v I liltrin

<KI>rpt/i fit/It a lown of France, In the
«Up.irt[nent of Mont Tonmrrf, lately
of Germany, in th - piLtliiAtc of Ihe
Ithiiici ft-aied uti till? Selti, 14 m s
.Mcnt-r..

iidnnhtim, a town of Franc*', In the
tUparimeni tif .Mont Tonncrre, lately uf
Germany, in the duchy of Deux Tonts j
leatcd on the Glan, near its conflux with
the Nahe, jH m »w M«nt/.

Odf/f, a leaport of Unlli i, in the jt<'-
vernmem of Cuthcrinenfi if, with a fDr-
trcfM. Coi-n in the priiic-ipal article of
export. I'.: is fcatui on a (;ulfof tin;
Black l:-i,44 ^ ^^ by ■ Oc/.O'OW. Lon.
29 ? , K, lat. 46 ;H N.

*tdei/^our, a town of Uindooftan, ca-
pital uf Jiithpoiir, in the province of
Orifl'a. It iH 60 m nk Kultunpour, ,iiid
220 Nw Catt.-ick. Lon. Hj %% K, lat.
ai .^7 N.

OdUiattit •> town in Ilarhplhire, with
a markrt on Saturday. Here are thi*
remains ot uii ancient caillc, and of a
royal palace, barns, &'c It ii feated on
the Bafingftoke canal, 24 m nk Win-
chefter, and 42 w by s London.

Oeij/t/d, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Magdeburg ; leated on
the Allcr, 22 m nl Brunlwick.

Oideran, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Milnia, fituate near the Flohc, 9 m
tNt: Chemnitz.

Oe/tind, an idand of Sweden, in the
Baltic, t)o m long and 9 btoud, lepar.-it*
ed from the coafl ol Gothland, by a
f\rait 1 2 m broad in the narrowelt part-
The N part has fine forefts and c^uarries
of excellent freeftone ; the s part is more
level and very fertile ; and they both
abound in alum mines. Horkholta is
thechief town, feated on the ftrait, 2:
m ENE Calmar. Lon. 16 50 t, ht-
5648 N.

Oeh, a town of Silefia, capital of a
principality of the fame name, with a
caftle. It frauds on the river Ocls, 17
m ENE Drcflau. Lon. 1731 v., lat. ji

13 N.

iiilf ol R\,'\

0(;m

<\!i-i':t -., !» town i.f npp<»r Rixiiny, In
V.M^ii <ti I, r«-,itcd oil tlic Elitcri 6 m •
by » l*uii«n.

(ttf>f>i, or Hu/itn^ R town of thf Nr*
ilirrl.iiiili. in Llmhuri(, with cotilUlrr-
4hlr m.iiiiit'.u'|iire» of cloth \ ntiiatr i)n
lh«* VVfy.c, 4 rii » Nr l.irnhiirK.

fV/i*/) All tll^til in thr tt^iltif, Oil the
coirt oi l.ivuiii I, At the i'ntr.»iii*<' of th»«
^.iilf «it KikTi. It u 74 in loriK nti'l so
l)r<tul, ili*fi-)M|i-(t liy two I'ort*. and be-
lout;* to Kiiili I. Arciifhtir^' ik the cupital.

(httinx* •> town of H.iv.iti.i, Ic4tccl on
thr Inn. H m sw itiiikh mt-ri.

()ftliu}(tii, A t«>wii of hu-tbi.*! c.ipit.it
of 4 coiiiity of thr Tirne t amr, with a
vvill'i'iujowi il rnll.'j/-. It in (ritirl on
tin- VVmnly, nin SHfi Donawi-it, .•lul
:ii H AnIp.K-h. I.on. lo 40 i, U\. 4H
!^ V.

O^/'j D/lc, ,in I'lifrenchmfninf Mux-
iuiul, cafl up iiy Oll'i, a Naxoii kloK. to
ditt-iid Kii^l.ind troni the iiKiiilioiii of
th<! VV'cllh. It extendi throiiKh llcrc-
fordlhirr. ShropHiirr, MotitKomi-rylhii c.
I)Mihi>{h|}dn', and I'liiitlliiri', limn the
VV)f t»» the Dee

(ijfiinlnt a rivir of N>tpteiti which
rife* ill tin' Ap«-iiniiii'!«, piH'ei l>y Conr.a
and Monti* N'lrdc, f-paraus Ctpitanat.i
frt)in difdifata and 'IVrra di llarri, and
ciitcru till- KiiU'of Venice, near Uarlt'tta.
Ii iH the aiicii'iit Aulidui.

f>jfei! ; few Hmia.

Olfenbacht 'i town of Ot'rmany, in the
circle of Upper Hliini' and cnimly of
llVtiiwrg, on the s lidc of tho Maine, 5
in K Frankfort.

Offeuburg, a town of Suabia, in Bril-
gau, featcd on tl-.c Kiiit/.ig, 10 m sV
Strafliiirg.

Offidii, a town of Italy, in tin* mar-
quiiate of Ancciia, j^ in s Lo»-ftr).

({^tii/u", A liver of the ftati- of Geor-
gia, which flows iK by Oeorgetowii,
Louilvilli', KIbirtoi), aiu' llaidwici:,
and enltis the ocean opp;olite the n end
of 0!1al)aw iij.iiul. 18 n s Savanna.

Of^erjh^ini, .1 town of IiMnoe, in the
il<'partm..'nt of VIont 'roiiiu'rn-, la ely of
tJermiiiy, in tlie palatinati; of the
Khinei liluate on the Kliine, i; in n
Spire.

O^/zo, a river that riles in the princi-
pality of Trent, eiittrs Italy, and fIov,'s
between the provinces of Bcr^'amafco
and Brelciano, thr.ui^'h the lake of Ifero,
to the boidtrs ol MiUntfe. and tinning
St enters Mantuan, where it joins itic
Po, above Borgoforte.

Ogmo, a town of the kingdom of
Siam, fcattd at the Nt. point of the gulf
«f Siam, 56 m se Siam. Lon. 101 a3
V>lat. J3 3J N.

O II It

Ohthrtu, an dhnt In Xhf P.ieini?
nciMii, 1 1 m ill circuit. It hi» no liMr-
hour, And It mithei lo populitiu nor fi-N
lilr f . the III ind* to the m dI it \ yet ih«
maituf4^liirei .irf uf n lupiriur kind.
I'he cloth \s of a better dii?! atui the
fp' ir* .ind « Inbi are better c.ifvrU mu\
polilhid The p 'opt** are litfty and Will
nu W, and rt'her hntwiui iluit ihoir uf
Oidiritc. I.on. 150 47 w, Ut. at 17 •.

'>/!<>. a riv<'r o( the Uoiicd Sutet,
whieti h.ii it! fonree in the '\lleg4ny
iiionntaiii', in PennfylvanU, and is call*
rd the AlleKiiny during; it» \v>w eonrCtt
to Piillbiirj, v»li»T.' it irticives thi- Mt>-
iiongahel.1, and then t.ikeN the name nf
<)!)io. It bmtndw the ttati* of Ohio,
Vir^ini^, and KL-inicky in it* whole
lent(th; .iiul the oidy tlil idvaiit ^ue it
hix, ii a rapi^l, iiift '>'low I.-iuilvilh*, 4
iiiili' and a half Iohk. and about 480 ni
from itfi mouth In thi:« plaec the river
niti) over a rocky bottom a inil<* bio.iil ;
and whi-n the llnun is low, empty
boatH only cm pifH, but when hi^h,
boats (if ,iiiy biird>'ii m.iy pafi in lately.
The Ohio c.irrie» .1 unit unilormity of
bri'idth, from 400 to 600 yardi, except
the lalt 1)0 m, whiro it in from H-^o 10
goo yards. After a coiide of 11 HH in
from Fitlibuitt, in which it recruct
many I ir^M' and fmall rivers, it cnlcra
the NMIiHippi in lat. j6 5R n.

Ohio, our of the Uinted States of
Ann-iica, lyin^ between j^H ^o and 42 %
N lat. and Ho 18 and 8.4 sj ^ b>ii. It
is bounded on the n by the territory of
Michigan and Lake Erie, k by Pennfyl-
vanta, ''K by Virginia. ^ by Kentucky,
and w by Iruliaiia. Thin country, af-
firmed to be the molt healthy and fertile
Ipot in America, is divided into Hvedil*
trikJts; the North Weft, Ciiiciniiata, Chi-
licothi», M.irietla, and New C(n)ne«.^liciit.
The prircip.tl rivers are the Mnflcingum,
Ibn-khocking, and Sciota, which run
into tlie Ohio, and tlit C lyahaga, which
runs into Lake Eitt. There are no
Haves in ihis flatc In 1810 the number
of inhabitantH wis a,-}o,76o The larKcIl
town is Marietta, bui Chdlicothe is the
capital.

Ohlattt A town of Siklia, in the prin«
cipality of Brieg, with a tine callle.
Great quantiiii g of tobarco are pro-
duced ii< the neigtib uriutod. It iUndc
on th O'' I, I*) m .sk Bieflan.

Ohrdr.'f, A t iwn of Uoper Saxony, in
TlioMn^ia, witn ,1 eaft!e, and mimerous
maniifadturce, a r. svk GoMm.

Ohringtn, a town of l-'ianc nia. capi-
tal of ttie prineipiiity <if llohen ulie,
with an academy. In the vicmiiy
many Roman antiquities have been

OLD

found fincc i74i« It ftards on the ri-
ver Olirn, which lUvidett it into the old
uud new town, 78 m ssw Mergeniheim.
Lon. 942 E« lat. 49 1 1 N.

Osch, Loch, a lake of Scotland, in In-
verncl'sCiiire, extending 4 m from b to
w. It contains foine little wooded
idunds; and its ontlet at the Nerd ia
the river Oicli, which flows by Fort An-
};i'ftu3 into the s extremity of Loch
Nffs.

OirOf a town of Naples, in Terra
d'Otranto, with an old cattle ; feated at
the foot of the Apennines, 20 m nk Ta-
re n to.

Oijl', a department of France, includ-
ing part of the late province of the If!e
of France. It takes its name from a ri-
ver, which has its fonrce in the Anlen-
nen, and joins the Seine, below Pontoife.
Bf.inviiis is the capital.

Oia, a river of Kuflfia, which rifes 40
m s of Orel, paflt's I*/ that tow.i, Kaluga,
Kolomna, and Riazan, and joins the
Volga at Niznei Nuvogorod.

Okot/k, a town of Siberia, capit.-il «)f a
province of the fame name, in the jro-
vernmentof Itlcutfk. It is feated at the
moulh of the Okota, in a bay of the Pa-
cilic ocean, called the ica of Okntik,
490 m ESE Yakutlk. Lon. 143 i; e,
la.. 59 ao N.

OldcnjUes a town of Ireland, in Meath,
22 m Nw Trim.

Ohkriburg, a duchy of Germany, in
the circle of Weflphalia; bounded on
the F by the duchy of Bnmcn, ^ by the
principality of MunAer, w by E Frief-
land, and n by the Gciman retan. It
was form rly a county, united with
Dtimcnhorfl-, and when the line of its
counts b'caaie exlindl, in 1667, it de-
volved to the royal fainily of D' nmark.
In 1775 it was exchan^'id by Denmark
■with tiie )rrand dul;<. of Rufiia. for the
diftria of Kiel in liolftein ; and in 1777,
the tnipeinrof Gtrmany raifed Olden-
burg and Di^lmenhorll to the rank of a
duchy. The inhabitants are of the Lu-
theran religion-

()ide>:kirg, a fortified town of Weft-
phalia, cnpi'tal of the duchy of its name,
wiih a ciiadcl, in which a governor re-
fides. The church of St. L;;mbeit con-
tains the tombs of the laft counts of
Oldenliurg, wliich are vtry curious. It
is leated on the Hunta, aa m w Bremen.
Lon. a 6 F, lat 53 7 n.

Oldinbin\:^, a town of Lovi'er Saxony,
in tiie duchy of IJ )lfl:ein, featcd near
the i^altic, :t5 m n Lubcc.

Oldendorf, a town of Weflphalia, in
the county of Schauenbnrg, ieatcd on
the Wtfer, 5 m e Rinteln.

OLL

Oldenfatl, a town of Holland, in Over-
yflel, er.pital of the didrid of Twent.
It is <ci m E Deventer.

Oldejlolh-, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Holfteiii, featcd on thi;
Travt?, 17 m w Lubcc.

Oldham^ a town In Lnncalhire, featcd
01. a branch of the Med lock nnd near the
Irk, whof.; dreams carry on the m.ichin.
ery, &c. of numerous manufaduu's.
The number «)f inhabitants was 12,014
in 1801, and 16,690 in 181 1. It ia 7 m
NK Mancheller.

()ldto".un, a town of Maryland, in AU
legany county, on the n fide of the Po-
tomac, 14 m SE Cumberland, and 14c
w by N Baltimore.

Olene^ a town of the duchy of Wefl-
phalia, with coiifiderable iron-works, on
the river Bigge. 3 1 m i< Arenlberg.

OUrorti an ifland of France, 5 m from
the w coall, oppofite the month of the
C'harente. It is 14 m long and 5 broad,
populous and fertile. This ifland was
formerly in the pofllflion of the Englilh ;
and here Richard i compilfd the code
of maritime laws, called the Laws of
Olcron, wl-.ich are received by all na-
tions in Europe, as the ground and fub-
flru(5tionof all their marine conllitutinns.

Oleron, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Charentc, with a
cadle ; feated on the E fide of the ifland
of Olcron, 13 m wsw Rochefort. Lon,
I 15 w, 'lat. "45 48 N.

Oleron, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Pyrenees, and lately
a bifhop's ice; leattd on the Gave, 10
ra «w Pau.

Olefko, a town of Poland, in the pa-
btiiiale of Beliz, 48 m ESii Beltz.

Ollkot a town of Poland, in Volhinia,
wici; a citadel, 20 m E Lncko.

Olitida ; ite I'eniambuco

Olitiy '. town of Spain, in Navarre,
vvhtre thtir kings formerly rtfided, but
now much n.ciuced. It is leated in a
fetli!e country, 22 m s Pamplona.

Oliva, a ieaport of W Prnflia, on a
bay ot \\w guif of Dantzic Here is a ce-
l-.bratid monafiery, which contains fe-
veral tombs of the dukes of Pomerania;
and in it a peace was concluded in 1660,
between the emperor of Germany and
the kings of Sweden am! l^oland. It is
10 m wNW Dantzic Lon. lU 32 b,
lat. ^4 24 N.

Oii'venca, a town and fortrefs of Spain,
in Eflreniadnra. This place, with its
territory, belonged to Portugal, bwt was
ceded to Spain in iHoi. It fuiTcndered
to tiie French in i8ri. It is 15 m sse
Klvas, and i6 ^sw Badajoz.

OlkrtoTii a town in Nottinghamfliire,

OMA

vith a market on Friday, fcatcd on the
liver Maun, 13 m nw Newark, and 137
N hy w London.

Olmrdo, a town of Spain, in L<*nn,
felted on an eminenci', near ttie Aduja,
:5 m s Valladolid.

O/mulr, the capital of Moravia, and
an arclibiftiop's fee, with a famons uni-
verliiy, and a llrong c.dlle, iilL'd as a
(late prifon. It is fortified, well built,
and entirely furroundid by the river
Morau. This city was taken, in 1741,
by the king of Pruffia ; and in 1758 he
attempted it again, but was obliped to
raife the fiege. The emperors of RufTia
andAuftria met here in 1805, previous
to the battle of Anfterlitz. It is bom
N' by E Vienna, and i)j s Brcfi.iu. Lon.
i; 15 E, lut. 49 33 N.

0/nei/, a town in liuckinghamfhire,
with a market on Monday, and a manu-
facture of bonelace; fcatcd on the Oiife,
u m SE Northampton, and 35 nnw
London.

dofietz, a government of Rudia, in-
cluded formerly in the government of
Novogorod. In this diftrift are mines
of copper and iron. The capita! is of
the lame name, and near it is a mineral
Ipring and an iron forge. It is (ituate
on the river Olonza, near its entrance
into the lake Ladoga, 100 m, crols the
lake, NE Pcierfljurg. Lon. 34 ao e, lat.

61 36 N.

Olonetz Mountains, a ch lin of moun-
tains in the nw part of Uunia, which
extends 1000 m in a n diredion, lorm-
ing part of the boundary between this
country and Sweden.

Olcnne, a town of Fiance, in the de-
partment of Vendee, 35 m w Fonlcnay
le Compte.

Olphen, a town of Wtftphalia, in the
principality of Munilcr, 17 m ssw
Munfter.

Olten, a town of Swiirerland. capital
of a bailiwic, in the canton of Soieure ;
feated on the Aar, 17 m enI'. Soieure.

Olympus, a mountain of Afiatic Tur-
key, in Natolta, one of the molt con-
fiderable in all Afia. The ancients
fuppofed its top reached the heavens ;
and from that circumftance plactd the
relidence of the gods there, and made
it the court of Jupiter. It is 10 m to
the SE of Bur/a-

Offiag/i, a town of Ireland, in Ty-
I rone, where the affizes are held, lituatc
ion the Cameron, 2+ m w by n Dun-
jgannon.

Oman, a province of Arabia Felix,
[bounded on the nw by the Perfuui gulf,
Uf. and SB by the ocean, and sw by

ONE

extenfive deferts. It it poflTcfTed by a
number of petty fovcrcigns, the nujft
conftderablo of whom is the iman of
Om.in, or Mafcat. The chief town is
Malcat.

Oiiibn, a town of Egypt, on the right
'-aiik of the Nile, ;6 m n Kfno.

Ombrone, a town of Tufcany, in Sieii-
rele, at the rnoiiih of the river Om-
bione, 5 m s GroHi ' >.

Owtyfffrt, atown ■ Italy, in Milanefc,
feated near the N.end of ihe lake Ort 1,
32 m NNw Novara.

Owcr, iSV. a fortified town of France,
in the department of Pas de Cah'ji.
It ()wes its name and importanci. it) ,■'
laint, who built a j;ieat nionaPtcry here
in the leventli ccncury. Befoi-;- the re-
volution it was a l-.ilhop's It-f. The
principal church, and that of St. liertin,
are ma^'iiitii-eiit. About a kM|;iic frt^m
the town is a j:reat morals, in which aie
fome floating idands. St. Omer is i'< at-
ed on tlie Aa, on the fuie of a hill, 8
m Nw Aire, and 135 .v Paris. Lon. 3
15 r,, lat. 5044 N.

Omtnun, a town of Holland, in Over-
ylTcl, feated on the Vccht, 17 m ne
Deveiiter.

Omm'irah'th ; lee Morbejjs.

Omoa, a t ivvn of New Spain, in
Honduras, with a Itronj- fortrefs. It
was taken by the Britilh, in 1779, by
efoalade; btir the ^arjifoD left could not
remain lonir in poirHiiMi, It is fta'td
on the i)ay of H'-ndur.Ls, Ho m nnw \'al-
ladolid. Lon, 88 17 \^', lat. 15 40 x-.

Omjk, a town and fintu-fs of Riiilia,
in the goveniment of Toboilk, at the
conflux of the Om with the Irtylh, 350
m SK Toboilk. Lon. 74 54 t, lat. 54
14 V.

Onate, a town of Spain, in Bifcay,
with a univerfuy, aa m ssw Tolofa,
and 32 SK Bilboa.

Onecote, a vill ige i.i StalTordlliire, 8
m N by u Cheadle, noted for the rich
copper mines in its vicinity.

(hiee/fo-Ws one of the Sandwich
iflaiitls, in the Pacific ocean, 15 m w
Atooi. The k coaft is iiich, and rifes
abruptly from the Tea, but tiio other
parts conlilt of low ground, <xci pt a
round bluft" iio.id on the ss-: point. It
produces plenty of yanriii, and of a Iwect
root called Tee. Lon. 161 o \v,, lat- ai

Oneg, a town of Kuflia, in the irovern-
ment of Archmgel, on the rivv r Onega,
near the White lea, 80 m ssw Archan-
gel. Lon. 37 =4 E, lat. 6^ ^s n.

One^a, a river and lake of Ruflia, in
the government of Olonetz. The lake

I

ON Ft

Is 100 m lonp and 40 brnnd, and hns
a communi''ntii)i witli the liik«' L.idopa.
The river i.'iv( k it" namf to .1 country full
of W'ods, .nd Hows into 'hi- Wli'f- (i a.

()firi;/in, "n.ill principality ot Ifi'y,
furroundi'iJ l)y the tcrrriory of Ot-nna
.ind tV ftra Ii abuniulM in olive-oil,
fruit, anJ wi; r

0/ti\i,'/i/j, • 1 OnrilU; a fi aport of It.dy,
capital of tiic pnrcip'lity of O -jjlia.
Ill 179:, ti< Fnnch took it by Uorm,
and ftt ii on fire in f vcial phces. It
is ft-atfd at the month of thi' Impffi ilc.
55m iw f Jfrioa. Lon 7 57 k . lit. 43 58 n .

O'tfiJa a narrow lakf of Nf w York,
iA' the county of its namt-. The k entl
is 20 m to the w of Rome, and it ex-
tends vv ,ihout CO m, where its outlet,
the river OnonLijio, run? into the lake
Ontario, ai Ofwej-'i'. At the ne cor-
ner of I his lake is Wood creek, tind at
the sw corner is Or.i'ida crock ; on the
banks of which live a tribe of Indians,
called Oneidas.

OtieUa, a town of New York, chief of
the county of its name, with a fort. It
is feated on Onei«la creek, which fl(iw3
Nw into Oneida lake, 2a m tiw Rome,
and 34 NW Cooperftovvn. Lon. 75 ao

W, lat. 4J 56 N.

Ottfxko'-, a lake of RuflTia, in the po-
vernmcjiit cf Olontfz, 1:0 m long ;ind
40 liioad. It contain;, fevcral illand?.

f)n(r(jr, or l7i;/>piKS Owij-flr, a town in
ICfftx, with a iruirkci on Saturday, is m
w Chtlmi-ford, and 21 knk London.

OngoUf a town of Hindooflan, in the
Carnatic, capital of a circar of its name.
It 18 78 m S8W CondapHly, and 166 n by
\v Madras. Lon. 79 ?6 e, lat. 15 .-.8 n.

OnohJiach ; fee An/pack-

Onondatro, a town of New York, in
the count? of its namt', with a caftie,
and formerly the ehi«f town of a tribe
of Indians, called Ortondagos. It is
feated on Onordago lake, 32 m s by e
Olwrgo> and 38 wsw Oneida. Lon.
76 26 w. iat. 4248 N.

OncNdaqo, or Sa/t Lake, a lake of
NevvY(;ii», in Oiiondiigo county, 5 m
long and a mile brc ad. Its waters pro-
ceed from fait fprings which are capa-
ble cf producing 'mmenfe quantities of
fait, and it fi'uds th^m to Seneca river.

Onoulaj^o, or flfivego, a river of New
York, which ifTues from the w end of
laice Onf ida, and flows 74 m to lake
Ontari* , at the town of Ofwego. It
is boatable, except a fall that occafions
a pottage of 20 yards.

Onore; fee lionaivera.

Outujl, a fmalf ii'land near the coaf?-
of Java, at the mouth of the Iv rbour of

OON

Hatavi.i. Ilrre the Dutch repaired thciii
(liips and had iavjje warelioufi's, which
arc now poirefTd by the Enghili.

Ontario, .1 lake of N America, fituatc
betweru 75 and 79 w lon. and 41 and
44 N iat. It is iJ!o m long, 50 broad,
and 500 in circuit. On its sw part it
receivrx the waters of Lake F.rie. by the
river Niagara ; and near the SF the
Oiinndago river, by which it communi-
rates, through Oneida lake and ttp
Woodcvefk, with IVio lavvk river. On
tiie NK is its outlet, the river Irot^uoij,
or St. Lawrence. It abounds with filh,
aniosig which are the Ofwfgo lafs,
wiiiThing three or four pounds. Tin;
ifl.u'ds are all at the v. end, t!ie clnet" of
which are Wolf, Amhcilt, <iage, and
Howe.

Ontinientey a town of Spain, in Valcn-
cia, 30 m N N w Alicant.

Oodamallyy a town of Ilindooftan, in
Coimbetore, 30 m ssk Coimb(!toro.

Oona/eijtn, one of the iflands of the
Northern Archipelago, vilited by Cook
in his laft voyage. The natives ap-
peared to be very peuceab'o, having
been rtftrained by the Rullians, who
now keep ihem in a (bate of fubjeftioii.
As the illand furniflies them with fub-
fiftence, fo it docs, in Ibme meafure,
wit!) clothing, which is chiefly coin,
poicd or (kins. 'I'he upper garment,
wl'.ich is made liK-e a \vag(MnM's frock,
rcaehisdown to thtr knees. Bcfulethis,
they wear '. waiii^'oat or two, a pair of
breeches, a fur cap, and a pair of boots,
the legs of wliieh are formed of feme
kind of ftrong gut, but the (bles and
upper lea'.hers are of Ruflia leather.
Fifli «nd other fea animals, birds, roots,
btrries, and even fea weed, compofe
their food. They did not appear to be
very defirous of iron, nor to want any
other inftrumenl except fewing needles,
their own be ing formed of bone. Will;
thi fe they few their canoes, make their
clothes, and work curious embroidery
Indead of thread, they ufe the fibres 01
plants, fplit to the thicknefs required.
All (ewing is performed by the females,
who are flioemakerr, tailors, uiid boat-
builders. They manufacture mats, and
bafkets of grafs, which are both ilrong
and beautiful. The neat ncfs and per-
fedtion in mod of their works Ihmv
they are not deficient in ingenuity
and perfeverance. The e extremity of
the ifland is called Cape Providence.
Lon. 166 30 w, lat. 53 40 n.

Oonemaky the largeft ifland of ths
northern Archipelago, abou*. ico m in
circuit, lying near the extremity of ife 1

repaircil thciii
!ioiil\fi, which
Englilh.
morica, fitiiatc
I. and 41 and
ing. 50 broad,
its ^vv part it
{C Erie, by the
ir the sp the
;h it commuiii-

lakc and up
uvk river. On
river Iroc^uois,
)Und8 with fiih,

Ol'wfgo lal's,

pounds- Tin;

nd, t!ie chict of

vlt, ^'age, and

Spain, in Valen-

f lIindooftan,iii
:oimhrtoro.
e inands of the
vilited by Cook
I'he natives ap-
aceab'o, having
> RuHians, who
le of fubjeftioii.
them with fub-
Ibme meafure,
is chiefly corn-
upper paiment,
va};oiHM's frock,
tes. Bcrulethis,
ir two, ;i pair of
\ a pair of boots,
formed of fome
ut the foles and
Uuflia leather,
lals, bivd8, roots,
weed, compofe
not appear to be
nor to want any
jt fewing needles,
d of bone. With
noes, make their
ious embrqidcry.
ufe the fibres of
icknefs required,
■d by the females,
ailors, uiid boat-
fa (SI nre mats, and
h are both iUong
ncatncfs and per-
heir works ihtiw
nt in ingetiuity
he E extremity of
:ape Providence.

1 40 N.

elt ifland of ths
abou* aco m in
extremity oftt^e

OR A

penlnfiila of AUfka. At its w end is .1
cape of the (ame name. Lon- 165 30
w, lat. 54 30 N. Set I'ox IjlandS'

Oojiborch, a town and fort of the Ne-
therlands, in the ide of Cadfand, 4 m
NE Sluys.

Oojlenby, a town of Sweden, in the
ifle of Oeland, 27 m a Borkholm.

Ootampaliam, a town and fort of
Hindooltan, in the country of Dindigul,
58 m sw Dindigul. Lon. 77 a6 e, lat.

9 43 N.

Ootatortt a town of nmdooftan, m
the Carnatic, a» m nnw Tanjorc, and
80 sw Pondicherry.

Op/ieim, a town of Norway, in the
province of Bergen, 45 m nne Bergen.

'^/lorto.or Porto, a city and leaport
of Portugal, in Entre Douro e Minho,
and a bifliop'8 {cc It is by nature al-
moft impregnable; and is noted for its
itrontr wines, of which large quantities
arc exported to England; vhence all
red wines from Spain or Portugal are
called Port wines. The other chief ex-
ports are oranges, lemonsj &rc. and linen
cloth to Brafil. Its commerce greatly
increafed after the earthquake at l.ifbon,
in 1755; before that time the popula-
tion was eiiimated at 20,000, and it is
now faid to be 50,000. It is I'eated on
the fide of a mountain, near the river
Douro, which forms an excellent har-
bour, 147 m N by £ Lilboo, Lon. 8 22
w, lat. 41 10 N.

Oppehf a ftrong town of Silefia, ca-
pi'ai of a principality of the fame name,
with a catholic collegiate church. It
has a great trade in wool, and ftands on
the Oder, jo m SE Breflau. Lon. 18 o
E, lat. 50 39 N.

Oppenheim, a town of France, in the
department of Mont Tonnerre, lately
of Germany, in the palatinate of the
Rhine. The vicinity produces excellent
wine. It is feated on the fide of a hill,
12 m SHE Mentz.

Oppido, a town of Naples, in Calabria
Ultra, at the foot of the Apennines, 25
m NE Reggio.

Opp'tdot a town of N^.ples, in Bafili-
cata, 5 m sse Accrenza.

Oppnrg, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Milhia, with a caftle, 4 m wsw Neu-
ftadt.

Orac/if a town of European Turkey,
in Bofnia, near the river Drino, 60 m sw
Belgrade.

Ora», a city and fcaport of Algiers,
in the province of Malcara, with an ex-
cellent harbour, almoft oppoiite Cartha-
gena, in Spain. It is built on the fuie
and at the foot of a mountain, which
everlooks it from the n and nw ; and

OKA

on the ridge of this mountain arc twi
caftles that command the city on the
one fide and the town of Ma/alquiver
on the other. To the s and se are two
other cultles, on a level with the lower
part of the city, but I'eparated from it
by _ a deep.wmding valley, through
which flows a rivulet of excellent water.
Oran was taken by the Spaniards in
1509, and retaken in 1708. In 1733,
tlic Spaniards became mailers of it
again. In 1790, it was deftroycd by an
earthquake, little befide the exterior
walls being left (landing ; and 2000 per-
fons perilhed. It has fince been evacu-
ated by the Spaniards, who wher they
were firft mailers of the place built fe-
veral churches and other edifie;'s in the
manner and ftyle of the Roman archi-
tedlure. It is feated on a bay of the
Mediterranean, 325 m wsw Algiers.
Lon. o 5 w, lat. .^5 58 n.

Oranfre, a city of France, in the de-
partment ofVaucleull", lately a bidiop'a
fee. It was an important place in the
time of the Romans. A triumphal
arch, 200 paces from the town, was
formerly within its limits ; and here are
alio the remains of a fine amphitheatre,
fome aquedudls, &:c. The fortifications
were demoliflicd by Lewis xiv, in
1683. Orange was the capital of a
principality of the fame name, 17 m
long and 13 broad, given by Charle-
magne to William au Gornct, as a re-
ward for his military fervices. It was
poflefled fucceflUvely by the houfeo of
Beaux, Chalons, and NaflTau ; and on
the death of William iii of England,
in i7o2t Frederic William of Pruflia
claimed this principality as his heir.
Lewis XIV had feized it during the war
with king William ; but he exchanged
it in 17 13, with the king of Pruflia, for
the town of Geldrcs. The city is feat-
ed in a fine plain, on the river Aigue?,
13 m N Avignon, and 57 s Valence.
Lon. 4 49 E, lat. 44 9 N .

Oranje^e, or Orangedale^ a town of
New Jerley, in Ellex county, with an
academy, 6 m nw Newark.

Orangeburg^ an inland diftri*5l of S
Carolina, comprehending the counties
of Lewifburg, Orange, Lexington, and
Win ton.

Orangeburg, a town of S Carolina,
in Orange county, capital of lhedifl:ri»5t
of its name It ftands on the n branch
of the Ediflio, 75 m Nw Charlefton.
Lon 80 42 w, lat. 3.5 3j N.

Orangetowfi, a town of New Y.)rk,
in Orange county, on the vv fide of the
Hudfon, oppofite Philiplburg, and if
m N Ne-.v York.

«ii%,*v-

m

ORE

Orangetown, a town of the didridl of
Miiinct in Wafliingtou county, fuatcd
near the co«lt, 19 m from M:ichia8.

OranienbauM, a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in the duchy of Anbault Dcflau, 6
m se Deflhu.

Oranii»ba»m, a town of Kiiflia, in
Ingria. Hert; is a royal palace, built by
prince Menzikoff, afterward converted
into an hufpital ; but much ufcd as a
vcfidence by Pcxer iii. It is feated on
the gulf of Finland, lo m w Fcterfburg.
Oraiiienburg, a town of Brandenburg,
in the Middle mark, anciently called
Bietzow. It takes its prefcnt name
from a villa built by tlie margrave, and
is iituate on the Havel, 18 m n Berlin.
(■ranmorf, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Galway, at the Nt extremity
of Galway bay» 7 m e by s Galway.

Oratava, a tovvn on the w fide of
the i(,',»nd of Tenenff, and the chief
place cf trade. It is feated at the bot-
tom of an amphitheatre of mountains,
out of which rifes the Pike of TencrlfF.
Its port is ai 3 m diliance. Lon. 16 24
w, lat. aB J3 N.

Orbajj'an, a town of Piedmont, 6 m
sw Turin.

Orbct a town of Swiflerland, in Pays
de Vaud, with a bold lingle-arched
bridge over the river Orbe, ao m w by s
Fribuig, and 32 wsw Bern.

Or be, a town of Germany, in the late
electorate nf Ment/, celebrated for fult-
wotl R, 26 m E Frankfort.

Orbitcl/o, u leaport of Italy, capital of
Stati) delli Prtfidii, with a good harbour
protected by fever<al forts. It is liMted
on the Mcdilerranean, near the mouth
of the Albegna, 68 m b by vv Sienna.
Lon. II 6 E, lat. 42 28 N.

Orbre, a river of France, which rifes
in the Ccvennes, flows by Beziers, and
enters the gulf of Lyon, at Serignan.

Or cades ; fee Orkneys •

Ore/lies, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Nord, 12 m sse Lifle.

On/iUla, a fmall ifland of the Caribean
fea, 80 m N of the coall of Terra Firma.
Lon 65 20 E, lat 12 o N.

Orchimont, a town of the Nether-
lands, in the territory of Liixt-mlmrg,
fiiuate (/'! tne Semoy, 18 m n Sedan.

Ordiu^en, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the electorate of Cologne ; feated
rear the Rhinj, 36 m nn h. Cologne.

Ordunna, a city of Spain, in Bifcay.
It flandu in a valley, furrounded by high
mountains, 22 m s Biiboa. Lon. 2 50
vv, lat. 42 55 N.

OrebrOi a town of Sweden, capital of
Kericia. The river Swart flows through

ORF

it, and a m below enters the lake Hie|.
mar. In the middle of the town, on .m
ifland formed by the tiver, flands the
caftle, formerly a royal rtlidence; and
here the diet of the kingdom fometimea
aflemble. It has a confiderable trade
with Stocklolm, by means of the lakes
Ilielmar and Malieh-r, and the river and
canal of Arboga ; fending iron, vitriol,
and red paint, in particular, to that ca-
pital. Orebro is 56 ra wsw V\ cftf;ra?,
and 100 w Stockholm. Lon> 15 12 e,
lat. 59 18 N.

Onfrrundy a fennort of Sweden, in
Upland, on the gulf of Bothnia, uppo-
iitc the ifland of Graion. The harbour
is defended by a mole. It is 46 ni nf
Upfal, and 70 n by R Stockholm. Lou.
18 15 u, lat. 60 £0 V.

Orel^ or Orloft a government of Ruf-
fia, once a province of ihe government
of fJielgorod. The capital is of the
fame name, feated between the Oka and
the Orlik, and keyond thefe two Itrcami;
are the Aiburhs. In the centre of the
city is the market- houfe, the ihops of
which are ilocked with all forts of Ri.f-
fian and Greek commodities. The Oka
lere begins to be navigable, and the
chief trade is in corn, hemp, and glafs.
Orel is 200 m ssw Mofcow. Lon. 35
20 K, lat. 53 o N.

Orellana, a town of Spain, in Kftre-
madura, leated near the Guadiana, £(1
m t; Merida.

Orenburg^ a town and forlrcfs of Si-
beria, capital of a province of the fanie
name, in the government of Ufa. It
is a place of confiderable commerce,
and feated on the Ural, 260 m sse Ufa.
Lon. 55 4 E, lat. 51 46 N.

Orenj'et a city of Spain, in Galicia,
and a bifliop's fee. Hero are fome cele-
brated tepid and hot fprings. It is
fc.ited at the foot of a mour.tnin, on the
liver Minho, 47 m se Compoftella.
Lon. 7 48 w, lat. 42 24 v.

Or/a, or lioha, a city of Afntic Tur-
key, in Diarbek, formerly called EdefTa
by the Greeks, and faid to be the Ur
of the Chaldees. The walls are 3 m
in circumference, defended by fquare
towers, and on a rocky hill to the s is a
flately caflle It has a good trade, par-
ticularly in carpets and yellow leather;
and has a canal to the liuphrates. The
country round is fertile in corn and fi nit ;
and the city is a great thoroughfare from
Syria into Perfia. It is feared near the
Scirtus, 85 m sw Diarbekir, and 120 NE
Aleppo. Lon. 38 46 t, l^t. 37 S ^'

Orford, a town of New Hamplhire,
in Grafton county. The foap-rock,
which has the property tf fullers eaith

ORf

In df nnfinj? cinth, is fourifl in ifn neigh-
bourhood; Alio a gr.iy floric in g.eat
«1fm:unl for milifton-a It is fru iie on
the Cf»rini'(?ticiit, ii in n lliiujvcr.

OrfirtI, a h<)rou..;I» in SciU'olk, ^,'ovrrn-
rd l)y a mayor, with .1 market on \l(»ii-
diy. Ilrrc nrf the rt-rniiih" ofa caltlt*,
uliich. witli tin* oluirch, .ire a fVa:nailx.
It is fe.iti'd near ttic (I'u. hHwt'cii Xwo
c'lafiiiels. iK m K by N Iplwicli, and aa
N. Loiulon.

(hjhrti Si-fs, a cape of England, on
l!n; SK t otft of Sull'cx, vvherf a li^'iit-
lioull- i« eji'it«d for the dirt«;tion of
Ihips. I,nn. I 6 k, lit. 51 4 n.

Or^fzz, a town of Spain, in New Caf-
tijc. with a cdlle, 15 n» s Toledo.

(hi^flft, a town of I'VaiiCf, in the dc-
partnunt of Jura, at tiie limrce of the
Vaionfc, ;to m ssw Salins.

(>r[riva, a town of Spain, in the pro-
viiu.-e of Gniiada, 1501 s Granad.a.

Oria, a town of Naples, ir» TtTra
d'Otranto, with an ancient cadK", lo m
E Tarcnto.

(hi'ut, a feaport of France, in thft
department of Morbihan, fc;ited on a
h:iy, at the month of the Scorf. It wa^
bnilt, in ijio, by the Fn-nch E India
Company, who made it the exclufive
mart of their commerce. Tlic harbour,
defended by a citadel oppofite Port
Louis on the fame bay, can contain hut
a finall number of men of war. Tiie
Kngli(h altc;iipted to become mafters
of it in 1 74 A. but mifcnrried. It is 24,
m w by N Vannes. Lon. 3 10 w, bt.

47 4t N-

Oiihneln, a city of Spain, in Valencia,
and a bifliop's fee, with a iinivcifity,
Jiii'l a citadel built on a rocl?- Here
arc made cm ions fnufT-boxes, with the
r;i )ts ot the terebinthus, much efteemed
for preferving Spanifli liiiifF. It i,s feanul
ill a feitile country, on th»^ Sej;ura, 36
m N Carthagena, and 96 ssw Valencia.
Lon. 1 3 w, lai. 38 8 n.

Orio, a town of Spnin, in Bifcay, at
the month of the Orio, 8 m wsw St.
Sehaftian.

Orijfa, a province of the Deccan of
Hmitoolhri. bounded on the n by liahar
and Bfnjjal, vv hy Berar, s by Golconda,
and H by tfie bay of Bengal. The dif-
tri(ft of Mi Inapour, in thi.s province, is
Aibjedt to the Eoglifh E India Company ;
hilt all the reft belongs to the Berar
Mahrattas.

Ori/Iaifni, a fortified town of Sar-
dinia, and an archbilhop's fee, with a
good harbour. It is but thinly inhabit-
ed, and feated on the w coaft, on a bay
of . ? fame name, 42 m Nw Cagliari.
Lon. a 51 6, lat. 39 S3 «.

<^ 11 K
Oriraha, a tov%n of New Spain, in
TlafcaU. It has inaiiufaCtures of cioth.
and the vicuiity proiluces abundance of
tol):icr(». To the Nw is the Hike of
Oil/ lb), a volcano, and, after tiie I'o-
por ifcpcft, the molt elevated mountain
in New Spain Ori/.abu is leated near
the Blanco, which flows to the lake of
Alvarailo, 50 m Wiw Vera Cruz, and 6S
t by s Puehla.

Orketud, a town of Sweden, in Scho*
nen, :4 m m Cluiltianltadt.

Orhtfi/St or Orkufy Ijlnnds, the an-
cient Orcadip, a dultcr of iflinds to the
N of Scotland, from which they are fe-
pirated by Pent land Frith. They lie
between 57 35 and J9 16 N lat. and are
upw.ird of 30 in ttiimber, of which one
greatly exceeds the other in extent. .
This, like the principal one of Shetlandt
U lomc times dignified with the appella-
tion of Mainland, but is more fiecjuently
called Pomona. Heyond this ifland, ti>
the NF. are feen, among others. Row/a,
E«lilha, Weltra, Shapoiiilba, Ed.a,
Stronlii, Sanda, and N UonaKha; and
to the s appear Hoy, and S Ronallha,
with others of inferior note, many of
them (m dl and wholly appropriated to
the paflurage of flieep. The whole
group contained 24 445 inhabitants in
1801, and 23.238 in 181 1. The cur-
rents and tides which Haw betwte.i
thefe iflinds are rapid ami dangerous;
and near the fmall ille of Svvinna ar>i
two whirlpools, very dangerous to ma-
riners, cfpecially in calms. The it*a-
coaft fwarms with feals and otters, and
is vifited by whales, cod, ling, haddocks,
herrings, and other filh; and on the
fhnres are found large oyfters, mufcles,
cockles, &c. The iflands are vilited by
eagles, falcons, wild geefe, and ducks in
great variety, herons, hawks, gulls, &c.
Springs of pure water are found in all
the mountainous parts of thefe iOands ;
and there are numerous lakes and rivu-
lets abounding in fiQi. The heath, on
the mountains, ftielters groufe, plovers, •
fiiipes, &c. but there are no partridges,
hares, nor foxes. There are great num-
bers of fmall (lieep and beeves The
prodiifl^s of the valleys and plains are
big and oats, but no other fort of grain.
I'Accpt junipcrj wild myrtle, heath,
and a flirub called cyor-hordon, there
i^ fcarce a tree or plant to be leen ; but
this nakednefs cannot have been their
former ftate, as many trunks of large
oaks are to be found in all the moflea.
The climate of tTiefe idands in fummer
is moid and cold ; but in winter there
is never much Ihow, and that lies only
a ihort time. Preceding the autumnal
2 M

C) R L O R M

<quiiV0S| tbcy arc vifitcd by dreadful the city U a forrft. contaiainr 94>o6«

tturms of wind, rain, and thunder, ncres, planted with ^^^k and otner valu*

For alMHit tlir«e wccka in midfummtT, able trrea. Orletns is 30 m mc Qluir,

they enjoy th«* rays of tli« (tin atmoft and 60 ssw Parii. Lon. 1 j^ >, lat. 4^

without intermiflion 1 but for the fame 54 n.

fpace in winter, that luminary hanily
riir«^ii ubovc the horizon, and h common-
1/ obfcurcd by cloiidn and mifts- In
this gloomy reiifoii, the abliencc of doy
is fupplied partly by moonlight, and

Orleantt an ifland and tovvD of Lower
Canada, in the rivci St> Lawrence, a
little to the V. of Quebec Lou. 69 jo
W, lat. 47 o V.

Orleans^ NeWf a territory of the Unit-

gartly by th« radiance of the Aurora ed Stateu of Americri, lying on the gulf

oiealis, which here iifives a light nearly of Mexico, and including the mouths

eouil to that ol the moon. The coafts of the Milliirippi, at the se extremity of

alTord niimcrouA bays and harbours for Louifiana. It is by far the moft popu*

the fithcrifS. The chief exportg are Ions of the territorial governments be.

lincnaiid woollenyarn,(lockings,buttcr, longing to the United States, and in

drif'd fifh, herrings, oil, feathers and i8to contained 76,556 Inhabitants,

fkins of various kinuH, and kelp. The Orltwu, New, a city of the United

Englilh language prevails in all thefe States, capital of the territory of the

iflandw, although there are many words fnmc name. It was bi'ilt in 1720, under

in the Node, or Norwegian, ftill in ufe-
The inhabitanis have the general ch*-
ra^ter of being fingjl, fagacious, cir-
cumfpeft, religious, and hofpitabie;
bui- the common people are much ad-
dicted to lupcrftttion, and though in-

the regency of the duke of Orleans, and
intended to have been the metropolis of
Louifiana, but the deiign proved abor-
tive. In 1788, fcven-eighths of it were
deUroycd by fire, but it was (bon re-
built on a regular plan, and is become

ured to great fatigue, will ne'lher work a place of con fiderable importance, both
nor go to fca on particnia» unlucky on account of its commerce and popu-
days. The iflands of Orkney 3nd Shet- lation. It is fortified on the fuies ex-
land ronftilute one of the counties of pofed to the land, and has a canal that
Scotland, and it lends a member to par- pailes 6 m n to the ^ake Pontchartran,

liament- The number of inhabitants in
181 1 was 46,153.

Orlamumla, a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in Thurin^ia, feated on the Saal,
oppofite the influx of the Orla, 40 m
W8w Altenburg.

Orlando, a cape on the K coaft of
Sicily, ij m w by N Patti. Lon. 154
E, lat. 3H 14 v.

Orleanoh, a late province of France,
divided by the river Loire into the Upper
and Lower. It is a very plentiful coun-
try, and now forms the department of
Loiret.

where there is a tort. On the fide next
the river it is open, and fecured from
iniindiitions by a railed bank, to which
velfels can lie clofe, and receive or dif*
charge their cargoes as at a wharf. From
the advantages of its (ituation, it is be-
coming a general receptacle for the
produce of tne extenlive countries on
the MifliflTippi and its various branches,
which are fhipped hence for Mexico
and the W India Iflands. The inha-
bitantsarc eftimated at 15,000. In 1812,
the buildings of the city, ved* Is in the
river, and country around, fufFered great

OrUunst a city of France, capital of damage by a hurricane that continued

the department of Loiret, and a bifliop's
(ee. It is feated on the Loire, and has
a canai thence to the Loing, near Mont-
argis. Under the Ions of Clovis, it was
the capital of a kingdom. In 1418, it
flood a memorable fiege againftthc Eu-

npwaid of four hours. It is feated on
the I! fide of the E and main branch of
tt\e Mifliflippi, 80 m from its mouth,
and 490 s New Madrid. Lon. 89 59
w, lat. 29 58 v.

Orienga, a town of Ruflia, in the gO'

glifh, which was raifed by the celebrated vernmcnt of Irkutfk, fituate on the
Joanof Arc,c2Ued the Niaid of Orleans. Lena, 235 m ir Irkutik. Lon. 105 4t

it is now confidered as one of the larg^ft e, lat. 560 k

and moft pleafant cities in France; and

its commerce confifts in ftockingSjOieep-

ikins, Aine, brandy, corn, grocery, and

particularly fugar, which is brought raw

from Nantes and Rochelle. The fauj^-

bourg of Paris is of a prodigious length-

and that of Olivet, on the left fide of the

Loire, has a communication with the a fhort fpire. It is 11 m n by x Liyer'

•ity b^ a bridge of nine arohee. Noar pool, and 209 nmw Loa<2oR.

Or/ofi fee Orel.

Ormea, a town of Piedmont, on the
river Tanaro, la m s Mondovi.

Ortn/iirk, a town in Lancalhire, with
a market on Tuefday. The church ii
remarkable for its two fteeple.., placed
contiguous, one a tower and the other

O R 6

Ormr/i, acrlebr.itnl ilK^ml, In x ftraU

of thetl^tnp niirr.r.at the nitraiicc of the
guK'olPi-rfi.*, y m »E OoL^bron. It J
'bout ij m in circuit, anil fiu ms to b<; a
in:in of rncki and iht-IU th.owii up ()«/
a' i'llfutconvuinoii oi'natiire. In 1507,
tlid "'ortugiiclt' were pcrtnittnl to Wnm
.1 li:tlli'fr!"iit here ; anil it \v,ih af'.eriv.ird
frtqucoted by a number ol rich mer-
ch.ints. In 1621, th'j Perfum, liy the
adiitance of the EnKli(h, expelled the
Portiigucf-, and demoliflied the build-
ingi. Some time after, the Prrfnns r«:-
bui.'t the lort, and •hough they could
H rtr brin^ it to be .1 puce of ti.iile as
bcfovi*, It 18 iVill the key ofthe gulf of
Pcrfi3» on account of the coinmodiDiif-
nefi r,i' the harboi;r. It is almoll (1< •
ferted i for it produces nothinfj but
fait, which fometimes is two inches
deep upon the furface of the caith.

Lun. 56 IJ K, lut. 27 12 N.

Ornans, a town of FrPiicc, in the de-
partment olDoiibs, fc.tl.d on the Lou-
vre, 10 m 8K Bcfangoii.

Ornr, a department of France, includ.
ing tlie late province of Pirche and part
of that of Normandy. It takes its name
from a river which rifes in the depart-
mi nt, and ruii8 into thi; Englifh chan-
nel, 8 m below Caen. The capital L
Alen(;on.

Oronoh,a river of 'J erra Firma, which
ilTues from the fmall lake Ipava, in
lat. 5 5 N, flows K and be to the lake
Parima, from which it runs toward the
w; but after receiving the Guiviari, it
bends u, then nk and e till it enters
the Atlantic by an extended delta of
mouths. Seven of thefe branches are
navigable, but only the two extreme
onea are proper for large vefTels ; the
firft, called the Manamo, branches off
oppofitc the town of St. Thomas, and
flows N to the gulf of Paria ; the other,
which is the main flream, continues its
courfe ro the e, and enters the ocean
in lat. 8 30 N. In its Angular winding
cou'fe, efiimated at 1400 ra, it receives
many large rivers; and its chief eftuary
is (o deep and impetuous, that it ftems
the tide, and preferves the frelbnefs of
its water to within 12 leagues of the fea.
In September it overflows its banks^
and fertilizes the adjacent plains. See
Paritna.
Oronfa, a fmall fertile idand of Scot-

j land, one of the Hebrides, to the s of
Colonfa, from which it is feparated by
a narrow channel that is dry at low

1 water. Here are the ruins of an abbey,

I with many fepulchral ftatues, and fome

I curious ancient fculpture.

Oropefa, a town of Spain, in Valencia,

OR V

with a caftle, on .1 cape of its name, U
llie Mcditerr:4nean, 55 m nnk V altncia.
Lon. 0 5 K, Lt. 40 8 N.

Ontpefu, a town nf Spain, in Old Caf-
t'lc, ,,4 m KSB Placirnti.1, and 6; w
Toledo.

Ort/>./'a, in Peru ; fee Cochabamba.

(h't):t*n'i 't ll'e Vrmia,

Or;-, ■« river of Scotlant, in Kirkcud-
brightlhirc, which iflues from a frilall
I ikf tt tiie K o\ New Galloway, and
llowHto Solway FritU, at Dalbeattie

Or/hit, a town of Lithuania, in the
j^overnmeiit of Mohili-f, with a callle,
ltal«*(l on the Dnieper, 41 to n Mohilcf.

(irjbva, a town and fortrela of Uppct
Hungary, on the conliiks of Scrvia,
ful.jctft to the Turks. The Ibrtrcfs was
befic^jed by the Aiidrians in 1790, but
without Inc'.els. It Itands on tin; n
fide of the Danube, 60 m st Ttmcfwar,
and 75 h. Belgrade- Lon. 22 40 e, lat.
45 >o N.

Orfo;/, a town of France, in the do-
parinieiit of Roer, lately of Germany,
In tlu; duchy 0/ Clevc, fcited on the
Rhine, 20 m sk CIcyc.

Ortat a town of Italy, in the patri-
mony of St. Peter, fcated near the Ti-
ber, 10 m E Viterbo.

Orta, a town of Italy, in Milanefe,
feated on a lake of the fame namt?, 26
m NNw Novara.

Ortt^alt a cape and caflle of Spain,
on the N coall of Galicia, 30 m nne
Ferrol. Lon. 7 39 w, lat. 43 46 n.

Ortenbtr^^ a town of Germany, in
Wetteravia, with a caftle, fituatc on tho
Nidder, 17 m su Gicfon.

Ortenburg, a town and citadel of Ba-
varia, in a county of the fame nnme,
leated near the river Vils, 1 o m w PafTau.

Ortenburgt a town of Germany, in
Carinthia, on the s b^nk of the Orave,
oppofite the influx of the Lifer, 3a m
wClapenfurt.

Orthes, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Pyrenees, leated on
the fide of a hill, by the river Pau, 20 m
Nw Pau.

Ortortt a town in Weftmorland, with
a market on VVednefday, 10 m iw Ap-
pleby, and 276 nnw London.

Ortona a Maret a town of Naples, In
Abruzzo Citra, on the gulf of Venicei
13 m E Civitadi Chi(?ti.

Ortrnnd, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Milnia, on the borders of Lufatia, 16 m
NE Meiffen.

Orvicto, a fortified town of Italy, in
the patrimony of St. Peter, capital of a
territory of the fame name, and a bi-
flrop's fee, with a m:«gnificent palace
and a fine Gothic cathedral. It Is leated
z M z

•n A critggy rock, tn'ar tl>«' conflux of
the P.iglia and ( 'hiait;i, jo m N w Komc.
Lon. II 3o f, Ut. 41 4} N.

Orurn, n fown of Pt rii. capital of a
junf.lic'tlon of t ic fame rumi*, in the
au(Iicnc<f rf CharcaR The country
tfboiinclii in catilr, *t\<\ haH nar>y cold
and ftlvfrininfi It u i(o m Nw Puta.
Lon. 6M 30 w, lat iH 10 >.

Orivi-flt^i rivrr in Suffolk, which flowi
• K hy Ipfwich, and uniting with the
Stoiir, formB ihr finf harbour of Ilar-
UMch. Above Ipiwicli, it lit call<d the
Girpii'g

(ifuea, a city of Japan, In the ifltnd
f/f Niphon, with a magnificent cafth*.
It has ahaibonr, and U me of tht' moft
commerci.il plar«*r of the trrpiir. It
flands on the Je(fox->wa. ovir which are
fcvtral britl»!t3 of ctdar, 34 m s by w
Miaco. Lon 136 5 •■:, lat. .■^'; ^ N.

Ojr/iaiz, a t(»wn of Upper Saxony,
in Milnia, with a college, and Ibme
tnanufadurcH of cloth; ft.itfd 011 the
Chfmnitz, 16 m nw M«'i(r»'i>.

Oj'fro, an ifl.\nd in the gulf of Vmice,
having that t>f Clurio on the n, lu
which it is joined by a bridge- The ca-
pital is of the famiMiaine. Lun. 1530 £»
lut. 44 j6 N.

Ojhmiana ; fee O/zmiana-

O/itno, a town ot Italy, in the mar-
quiiate of Ancona, fcated on the Mu:
lonf, I a m ssw Ancona.

Ojiot ; lit' Siout

Oj'ma, a ciiy of Spain, in Old Cad lie,
and a bilhop's li'f, with a univerfity. It
i:> almo(lgon« to ruin, and the cathedral
and epifcopal palace arc at Borgo d'Of-
ma, a little tu the v . It (lands on the
Doiiro, 48 in SE Durgos, and iii ene
Madrid. Lon. 2 y. w, lat. 41 50 K.

Oj'nabuF^, or Ojhabruck^^i principality
(lately a bilhopric; ot' Germany, in the
circle of Wtflphalia, between the ter-
ritories of Muniter, Ravi nfbeig, Teck-
lenburg, Lingeii, Diephoitz, and Min-
ilen. It is 40 m long and 20 broad,
produces much corn and flax, and plen-
ty «)f turf, coal, and marble. The moft
bentficial manufaiflure is a coarfe kind
of linen, which is exported to diitant
parts. In 1802, this principality was
given to the eleflor of Hmover ^ and in
1807, by the treaty of Tilfit, it was an-
nexed to Weltph.nlia.

Ofnabur}^, a fortified town of Weft-
phalia, capital of the principality of the
fame name, with a caftle and a univer-
fity. It is celebrated for a treaty of
peace concluded between Germany and
Sweden, in 1648, in favour of the pio
trftant religion The catholics and pro-
teftants have each two churches ; and

0 S I

the m.igiftrat's are Luihrrms. It ii
I'eated on the Ila(e, 25 m v by K Mim
(Icr. Lun. 7 54 K, lat j: rH N.

O/'trno, a town of Chili, fcated on the
Rio llucno, in a tfrritA)ry where thi-re
arc mincM of gold, 80 m s Valdivia.
Lon. 7,1 20 w, Ut. 40 fH ».

O'ruJtnafA town of Wiftcrn Tartary.
in Turkcltan, capital of a provincf (.|
the famcnime. It is 80m N\KS.im.ir
cand, and a6o t Taraz. Lon. 66 :o 1 ,
lat 40 40 N.

Ojfi, or OJeti, one of the fi-ven Cm-
cafian nations, between t!i(* Dtaek fi.i
and the Cifpian; bounded on the n hy
Great Kabardah, k by the I<* Ignis 'I'jir.
tars, and ■*< and w by Imtriti.i It con-
taint* 19 diflrids, of which oni- is f^hj^^i
to Imeritia, and the others to Ceorgi.i,
Thrfe diflrifls are of very unequal iizr ;
fomt containing only rive,;ind othert 50
vi'lages, e;ich of which comprili; from
20 to 100 families. Their language li„i
foiiie analogy with th.it of the I\iiiiii.
Their hiliory is mtirely uiikiuivMi,
The Circafiians and Tartars c.ill thtm
Kufha.

OJola ; fee Domo d'Oj'eh.

(^orj/, the weftcrii divifiun of Oiicr:i
county, in Ireland. It givcji name tu a
bininpric, but the cathedi'il is now at
Irifhfcwn, in the county of Kilkenny,

Ojpma, a town of Spain, in And.ilii.
fi.i, wilh a I'liiverlity. It war) forii;erly
ftronp, but left by its ramparts tha: l-y
a fountain in the middle of the tcwn,
which furniflies the inhabitants witli
water, while the country for 8 in roiiiul
is totally dej^rived of that necefTary ar-
ticle. It is 50 m E by N Seville. Lon.
5 8 w, lat. 37 22 I*.

Ojhlric, a town of Spain, in (\it.i-
Ionia. It had 3 ftrong caflle, which was
taken by the French, a. id d«mo!iili<iliii
1695. It is fcated on ihcTordeia, itim
N fc Barcelona.

Ojiend, a fortified feaport of the Ne-
therlands, in F'inders, feated atnonp *
number of canais, and almoft furrouiul-
ed by two of the largeft of them, into
which ftiips of great burden m^y enter
with the tide. It is famous for tic
long fiege it fufiained againfi the Spa-
niards, from July 1601 to Scptcmbir
1604, when it furrendcred by an honor-
aole capitulation. On the death (f
Charles 11 of Spain, the French fcizeJ
Oftend ; but, in j 706, after the battle df
Uarr ilies, it was retaken by the al!it|s.
It was «ngain taken by the Ft'ench in
1745. but reftored in 1748. In the wat
of 17561 the French garrifMied this |
town for the emprefs' qnei^ti, MariV
Thei^efa. ^In 17^2, thi^irchijH once mote

Cfns; and the

Spain, in Cit^
cafllc, which was

,id ilimolillit'lii'
iheTordeiu, Jiin;

- , o s w

took Ortfnd, wliifh thty *fatfu!«i<cl tn
i;9j and n'P'i/Tirid in 1794. In i;')***
thr i''i ri'i'l) MniK'd hrte, nMil dt (troycil
the wMkrt of tiic Mriigcs on^l ; but thv
wind fliiiting l^ff.irf iht-y c'miUI re-nn-
Iwik, they wtrt' olili>5ril to fiirrrmlcr to
the I'mich. OlU-rul ih u m w Hi'|i((r»t
Mu\ 12 Nil Diiitkirk. Lon. 4 56 c 'at.
51 14 f'.

Ojhrby- a town of fvvfdfn, in \l[t-
linii' llcic arc lineltln^ h iiifi'& and
for;:»'!i ; nnd n»Mr i' i« t>ir iron none of
iVitiirmora, (hem.ift i-t-li hriiitd In Swe-
den It iH .)o m NNh Uul'.il.

Ojler/io/en, a town of l.ov^cr liavarla,
fcitid on tht DAMuliC, 2 J in wnvv

i'.(r»ii.

Ojlerodff a town of Lower Saxony,
in the princip^ihty of Giuhenhagtii.
lltTi'iii -« maniifa(^uri> of woolltMi lltin's;
jIIo a m^tgazinc for corn, wliich it* di?-
1 Vfrtci out to till- miners of Harz fortH,
,it a fixed price. It it) Icatcd on the
Sail. 18 m NNfc Oottin^en.

Ojhrodif, a town of W PiuHTm, witlj
ac,«ltlei fituHteon the Dribcntz, 46 in
sK Marienhirg.

OjlfrJ'unJ, » town of Sweden, capital
ofjemptia. It is leatcd on the u lidu
of the lakt: Storfio, 76 m Nw Suiiilfwuld.
i.on. 16 10 v., lat o.^ 10 K.

Oj?er<wickt a town of Lower Saxotiv,
in the principulity of Halberliadt, with
good woollen munufaAures; fi'uatc on
tlic life, i; ni wby M Halherltadr.

Ojihammart a town of Sweden, in
Upland. It had formerly a good har-
bour, which is now become fliallow,
ard ftandtt un a rocky ifland, 36 m n£
Upfal.

OjHa, a decayed feaport of Italy, in
Campa^tna di Roma, and the fee of a
bilhop, who rcfides at Veletri. The
old town wa» dcfttoyed by the Sara-
cens; and the new one conlifts only of
the cndiedral and a few mean houles.
It ftand.^ near the eaftern mouth rf the
Tiber, which is now lo (hallow that the
harbour is ruined. It is 12 m sw Rome.

O^iglia, a town of Italy, in Maniuan,
feated on iht Po, 15 m se Mantua.

Ofiinghi\ufe»: a town of tli«' duchy of
VVtAphalia, (ituate on the Aid, 8 m w
Upfladi.

Ojirog, a town of Poland, in Volhy-
nu near the river Horin, 44 m nnw
Conftantinow

Ojiroivt a town of Poland, in the pa-
[latinaie of Mafovia, on the river Bug,
75 m EstWariaw. '

Ojiuni, 9, town of Naples, in Terra
U'OtrantOi feated on a mountain, near
I the gulf of Venice, 16 m wnw Brindici.j

Oj'wald, St» a village in Korf kumbier*

xOT A

land, on 'he Piflivail, 4m n II, xfnml
Here f)fw.ild dcti alol Cc<lwall, .1 \U>.
till) uliirper, who wan killed on thr lirlt
oiiCfl ; and here he lift Uf»lhe fiirt crofj
in ihi- kingdom of Nortfuimlirrland.

f)j'-wgo, A town 4iid Ibrt of lli«* Uati*
of Ni w York, fe.itid on thf *»► lide of
Lake Oniatio, at the mouth of a river of
tin- (.tow n.''mt, more ct)mmonly c4ll<'d
Oniinda^o. It w.i« taken from the
Fr.rioh, in i'/56, by the Hrifilh, who
dclivcrtd it np to thf U'itcd Sai<-a, in
17^6. It in 1 20 m K by N Ni^tgara,
and i_To WNW Albany. Lou- 76 41 w,
lat. 4} n N.

OjVjeiczfn. a t>>wn of P.d.ind, in the
palatinate of Cnicow, llattdon the Vif-
iiil I. ,ji r.i w by s Cr now.

Oywfjhtf a town in Shropfliire, ){o»
vridtil f»y ;, (nay >r, with a m.irktt on
WtdiitfdHy. it hail .1 wall and a caftle,
\o\\^ a(;o dcmolinicit ; and has liimt;
trad*' (rom Wales in flnnu-ls. It is i!i
m NW Shrewsbury and i7() London.

(ij\miiniii, or Od'miu/m, a town <>f
Lithuania, ill tin* palalimtc of \^ ilna,
fitnatc on the liere/inya, ji ni sk Wilna.

Otti/ut, one ot the 8o(.iety ill mdf, in
the Pacific ocean. It lieb N ot Ulitcit ;
and i;i divided from it by a lli jit, which,
in the narrowtit part, is nut irorc than
2 m broa<l. This ilVoul is* fmaller and
more barren than Ulilea, but has two
go"d harbours.

Otaheitff, an in.ird in tlie Pacific
ocan, dil'covired in 1767, by captain
Wallis, who called it Gcoige the 'I'hiid
Ifland. f''p.iaiii Cook came hithir in
1768, to oblirve the tranlit of V«rnus ;
and it was vifitfd twice afterward by
that celebrated navigator. It confifts of
two pininfulax, connc»ilfd by a low
neck of land 1 m over, and is about 30
leagues in circuit Great part of it is
covered with woods, confilting partly
of bnadfruit iret s, p.ilms, cocoa-nut
trees, plantains, Kinanas, mulberries,
fugar-canes, and others peculiar to the
cliin.itf, particularly a kind of pine-
apple, and the dragon-tree. 1 he birds
molt common are two forts of paro-
quets, one of a bcantiluJ fappliirine
bine, another of a greenifli colour,
with a few red fpots ; a kin^-filher,
of a ..ark green, with a collar if the
fame hue round its white throat ; a
large cuckoo; feveral forts of pigeons
or doves; and a bhiHh htron. The only
quadrupeds found on the ifland were
hogs, dogs, and rats. The people have
mild features and a pleafing counte-
i;ance. They are about the ordinary
fue of Europeans, of a pale mahogany
brown, with fine black hair and cyeS}

%

!!?.«:

'.mi '* M''ni'm

;|

mm

i

0 T U
in«!wi»u n plec of cloth roumi thwr
nuiUUc, and iruithcr »iMp|)tf«l nbmit .nc
ht'.ul, like u turS.ui The vvomrn wrnr
a plii-i! uf cloth, with .1 hole in the
mhUllct through which thry pM'% their
h«*J<Iit. I'* that one pirt of iho guTnent
hangH clowri hfhiiul, *m\ tin- oth^r Itc-
forc< to tlie liiuin ) a Am' whid* cloth,
Itkn inudini pi*nVtf over ihii in various
tlegant turni round the hn\y, a little
.below the bri'.ill, forminj: « kind of
tunic, of which one tiiid loinetim*",) l.«ll-4

{'racefiiHy .i<*n>f»t the lhouUI;*r. lioth
exes «ic tn.uke<1 with blicit ft^ini, oc-
cafionv.tl l>y putsi'tmiiii: tlif Ikin, and
ruhbi'ii? I hl.»ck coh>iir iiito the \vt)uni!s.
An till- «*Hi,i.»',e i« one of ih»' hottelt in
thi" world, ihrir houfcn hive ftldonn .iny
w. lis, but cniiiill only of a roof, thatch-
ci'. with the lonn puckly K*are» of the
p.ilm-nut trci', .md fupporte<l br a few
p Il.irn mndc of the brc.id-fnilt tree-
Their cloth Iii \m'\r of the ftbrou* bnrk
of tht: nii'l'vrry nci.-, which i»t bcatu-n
with a kind of m dl«?t ; and a j»hi< ,
niude of tlu- tiibilcMiH cfrul'.Mitu*, Ih em-
ployed to matcf tho birk coheif. Sotnc
of t'.iel'i' piccf« .irr two or three yanl^

t^TT

In nlWe<, ([fn, mid wme, Here li « kind
ol fpidi'f, r.illcd Tnr»ntoM, wholir hiie
in venem.rti* ; «ul the eouniry it ofUn
vifttrd l,y htcurti. See Lfttf.

Otranfo, A llroiR city «nd fmport of
Niipl(*'i,(M[.it d «)f '.''rrr.i d'Ofr^nt.*, ainl
an .trchbidiopi lire, with « commudioui
barlwxir, atul A cii.itel. It hn* i cini-
Hdfr.ible trade, and ia fc.ded on the
Kulf of \>''»— . 140 m flK Burl. I^n.

1 8 ,1 S ><> "

O/rrt. , .. lown nf Wfftern Tartiry,
in Turk'ftHfi, iie.tr the rivn* .SIrr, 70 m
w«w Taia/..

Otruoli, » towrj of lt,\ly, In the duchy
of Hpolfto, I ated on M hill, near the
Tilx'i', 7 in N I y K Magli.ino.

(Ujf'fn, R lake of New York, In thr
••ouiity of itb name, 9 in long and a mi'-
broad. Its outlet, at CoojM'rnown, it
the R branch ofthe .Siifipiehan^.

OttenJorf, a town ot r,ower 8axnny,
in the duchy of Hrcnitn, with a c;i(lli' ;
lituatc near the mouth of the Mitlcn,
a; m Nw Stadc.

(fttfrtfitim, a town of Aiiftrl.i, on tin-
s' fide of the D.inid)e, /; m wnw Lini/.
Olterl/urg, a town of Fraiire, in the

wide, tnd 50 ymls loiij;. Though the department of Mont Toiinerrc, I.ittiy
natives f..r •:•:.:« I moft of the Aoieiifans of(i«'rmany, in the palatinate of tti"
in the knowl.dtjc .lud pra<Jt'ce of the Rli'Me, 5 m n Kayferllautern.
arts of ipgi'inruy, yet they had ncU in- (>tterf>iini, a vill.tge in Norfhumher-
ViUteJ any mt'h'ul of boiling wati-r. land, 011 the river Reed, ai ni w hy n

iViorpi'th. It is noted for a battle in
1^88, brtwuii the Euiflilh under the
earl of Northumberland and his two
I<)n9, and' the Scots under lir William
Dnuglao, who was flain by Henry Ptr-
cy, lurnamed Holfpar; but tliv Scoti
obtaiiK'd the vidlory, and the two Pcr-

Lnnp naii» on the finjrers are a mark of
diflindlion among them, as anrtong the
(..'hiuefii ; for ihiy imply that filch p<r-
fona only as have no occaiion to wo.k
could fulTei them to grow to that length.
The two li'xcs eat feparately ; and their
provilions are chiefly fifti, pork, cocoa

nuts, bread-fruit, and bananas; and they cies were made prifomrs. On thi?

employ lea water as a fauce both to fifh
and pork. Nothing can exceed thtir
agility in fwimming, diving, and climb-
ing trees; and they are praifrd for their
gentlencfs, goodnature, and hoii>ita-
lity. Omai, a native of this iflanc!, waa
brought over to England by c.iptain
Cook, .ind carried back by him in his
laft voyage. Point Venus, at the n end|
is in Ion. 141; 36 w, lat. 17 40 s.

Otcliakof', lee Oczniow-

Otleyt a town in W Yorklhire, with
z market on Friday, feated on the
Vvharf, under a craggy did', 25 m w
York, and 303 nnw London.

Otoqucy an ifland of S America, in
the buy of Panama. Lon. 80 10 w, lat.
8 10 N.

Otmnto, or Terra d'Otrantn, a pro-
vince of N.iplea,

battle the ballad of Chevy Chafe v.j»
founded.

Otterfltrfr, a town of Wtftphali.l, in
the duchy of Brerr.en, with a fort, 17 m
NE Brptnen.

Ottny, Sf, Mari', a town In Devon-
fhirc, with a market on Tucfd.iy, aul
manufacjlures of I1;innrl«, fergcs, &c.
It has a large church with two fq.i.(rc
towers, and i« (J-ated on the rivuirt
Otter, 10 m E Exeter, and 161 w bys
London.

Ottmuchau, a town of Sllefia, in the
principality of Nicffe, with a Cifi'.t;
feated on the riTcr Nidle, 7 m w by s
Nienc.

Otione, a town of the territory of
Genoa, 11 m ne Genoa.

OttiveUer, a town of France, In the |
department ofSarrr, lately of Oerma-

70 m long and 30 __^ ,

broad ; bounded on the n by Terra di ny'i in the circle of Upper khine, with

Bari, and all other parts by the lea. It an ancient caflle ; feated among itioj"

if a mountainous cuontry, abounding tains, t# m iri4 b Mrbrucki - '

ccnce, no ti

otrn

OM^V.anininil, onr of the MnlucrAi,
;yhi|t to the * nl' Olloto. It in \'u\\\ri\
t()th( lult^n uf n.ichi4ti, and alioitmli
III clovi* trcwi. The Dutch h.ivc .1 tinill
fort tin th« w Cidr. Lon. 1 16 jo v., hi.

OuJt, a prnvlnrr of Illmlodftan Pro-
per. to th«' N ..f il.at of All 'IkiIi.uI. It
ti fubjcd to A ii.tlMibt whole dumii'.ioii<i
lie oti both lUlci of the Oansri, oocupy-
InB'wIth tlif extrptlon of tin* dillrk^
of k.impour; kII th« llat country tx-
twem that river and the noithri n moun<
tiini, .11 wril .iH th«* principal part of
that frriile trai5>, lying hetwicn tht>
G^)i(((?>^ •inil Jumna, known by the name
of Uuoabt to within 40 m of the city of
Delhi- (Jude and its depenilenciei are
filimatfd at j6o m in Ici^th from K to
w, and in brtiadlli irum 1 50 to 1 8*. The
(lAliob it in alliance with the Hritifh ;
and a brigade of thr nengal army ii
condaiitly Rationed on ito wrllern fron<
tii^r. The capital is Lucknow.

i)udt,3i decayed city of Hindoonan,
in the province of Oude, faid to havR
been the capital of a grc;»t kin|?dom,
1 JO.) years before the (hriltian era. it
l» frequently mentioned in ihf Mahabe-
rat, a famoiu Hindoo work in Sanfcrit,
under the name of Adjiidiali. But what-
ever may liavi* been its former m.innifi-
ccnci', no truces of it artr Icff. Oiulf is
conlidercd ii"* a piaco of fandlity ; uiid
th»^ llindoDi frequently come hither in
pil};rimage. from all parts of India. It
IK Icatfd on the Gogra, nearly adjoining
Fy/abad.

OudettarHy a town of the Nether-
lands in Flandus, in the middle of
which is a fort. Here is a wanul'idture
of very tine linen, and of curioun tapcf-
try. This town was befieged bv the
French in 1708, but the duke of Mirl-
borough entirely routed their army. In
174^, it was taken by the French, who
rcftored it by the peace of 1748 ; and in
1794 it furn;ndcrcd to the French. It
isJcated on both Tides of the Scheldt, iz
m s Ghent, and a; w BrufTcls.

Oudinburfft a town of the Nether-
lands, in Flanders, il m se Qftcnd.

()udt!nnvaler, a fortified town of S
Holland, the birthplace of the celebrat-
ed James Arminius, feated on the Little
YfTel, 10 m wsw Utrecht.

()udi/>our, or Meyivar, a territory of
Hindooilan, in the province of Agimere»
belonging to the Rajpoots, and lying b
of the river Pudda. It confiftn, in ge-
neral, of mountains, divided by narrow
valliee, and abounds with fortredeS- See
Cbeitore. , •

Oudlpour, a tu'fvn of Uiodooftani ca-

OUR

riital of thr territory of the fame nam#.
1 t» IJ4 m vtw AgiiTiere. And 175 irt
AmedaUad Lon> m 4* i'fUt. 14 41 h.

liutn-ichfu, 4 city of China, of the
flrft rank, in Tche.kian. It riaiids at
the mouth of a river, .ind hii a good
harbour, \^o m ■•t'. Nan-king Lon.
Ill 10 K.^at. &e a N.

OvtrJIittku, an ifland of S Holland,
bct^veen the mouths of the Meule.
8ommerdyck iit the principal town

Ovtryffht, a town of the Nelhcr-
lands. in Krabaut, (rated on the Ylche,
6 m NK BrnlTrU.

Overyjjtl, a province of Holland,
b<)Uiide«ron the n by Fritlland and
Gronlngen, f. by Wcl^pluli.i, s by tlie
c<ninty of Zutphrn, and w by that of
Arnhcim and the Zuyder /.ce. It Is
divided into three dillrii.^<i, called Drent,
Salland, and 'I'wcnt. There are many
morafTes In this province, and but few
inhabitants, incomparilon with the red.
Its grratcft rii^hes conltlt in turf, which
is dug up, and fent to the neighbouring
provinces. Deventer is thr capital.

(higeirit a city of Hindooftan, in the
province of Malwa, capital of onr of
the Wcftern Mahratia chiefs. It '\* (> \n
in circuit, furrounded by a llrong wall,
with round towers. Here .tre four
mofquci, fevrral Hindoo temples, and a
modern palace. It is feated on the Sip-
pira, which flows into the C'humbul,
150 m N by w Durhanpour. Lon 75
56 E,I.U a^ a6 N.

Ovidopoif a town and fort of Ruflin,
in the government of Catherincnflaf.
In digging the foundation of the tort,
in 179s, a curious anti(|ue tomb was
difcovered, fuppoled to be that of the
poet Ovid ; from which circumftance
the toWn had its name. It is feated at
the mouth of the Dniefter, 60 m sw
Oczakow. LotK 30 st (■, lat< 46 jo n.

Ovifdo, a city of Spain, capital of
Anurias d'Oviedo, and a hifliop's lee,
with a univerfity. Near it are the hot
fprings of Riveni d: Abaio, which bear
fonie refomblance to thofe of Bath. It
is feated at the co'iflnx of the Ore and
Deva, which form the Afta, 55 m nnw
Leon. Lon. 5 53 w, lat. 43 so v

Oulzt a town of Piedmont, feated in
a villey, la m sw Sufa.

tJundle, a town in Northemptonfliire,
with a market on Saturday, leated on
the Ncn. over which are two bridges,
a6 m NE Northampton, and 78 n by w
London.

Ourem, a town of Portugal, in Eftre-
madura, leated on a mountain, la m w
Tomar.

Ouriquff a town of Portugal) in Alcn-

ftf,

NJ

* I-

: •

W.-

J I

'I •*!'

:tir

^11; II

'A

^

'S-'l

14-

own

l«|.). ccli-brAtrU for a vi<,*)ory ohtaittrd
hy Atphonri>, kiiiii <if I'uitUK.il, over
Av« SloMiilh kli'Xt, in M.i9< TKrh«4it«
nf tlu'lv hv«* kiii|(« nrr tiir «rmi of 1\»»<
ti.fitl. It U «ft m iw Ikji.

Ourlht, or Our/, 4 luw lirpiitmrnl
nf FMiicr. iiiclutiiiiK tin* > p.iri o» M**!!*
■ml III l.imlitirv, 411(1 tlic* mk p^iriof \a\%'
rmluirK- It It4« it* njinc from a riv< ri
\vl)icli fltiw« inio thr Mi-ulc, «iliuvc
LirilOi lh«tMpii<«l(if ihr «t>'|i.«riiticiit.

ON/ri a rivrr in Yotklhiii*^ loriiu'tl of
the Ur( anil.Sw4!r»Mil)ictt rih* luirr.irh
tjtiicr ill tilt' roiiuuilic tr.t^t r.iHcd Ku-)i«
nioiiiilhirrt mm\ unite A litllr U-Iomt
AKU>«>rou)iti. I'hc Quit' flow* ilinuKh
York, Mlirrt* it ii ii.iviK.ibli torctti fuUi*
ltl)lr vrlltl*t ptocrt'dinti ihviiif by L'i*
«'0()<i, Scll>y. luut IloMilrit. it rfcri\ni
the Wliarf, Dirwuii, Airci imd Dun,
and lh«n iiirem \\\k Trfnt on tlw hor-
ftcTliit* I.incolnlhiri', v« lure their uritcd
flir.im lurmi tlic llmrbrr.

Oii/'t, a rivfr in SulV. %, fi>rrTu*d of two
^^•1ncl CA, one oi' wliicli rifn in St. Leo*
raid tuiilU the othir in Ihf hriU uf
Worth, and thfy unite iibovc Li'mci.
It IK)w^ by thai town to NcwhAVt n, he-
low w hioh it forln^ acoiiliiltr.iUh- h.>«tii,
and riiti'tit ihf 1 .nKl><l> chaniH I.

Otife, (irr,,:, .1 riv«r that tilcB in
Nortliampioiinnrf, ncur Ur^it klcy. mid
flowB to Hu*kin){li.im, Stoufy Sirattord,
Newport !'.««"*. I» Olni"' .oid Dtdroid,
vvturcit is iMvii(.ilil«. 'ihfiice it pro-
cedsto St. Nci<t»iIui)tiii^doni St. Iven,
Ely, and Lynn, lulow v.hichiientemthu
LincohiHiirc W'afli.

Oujle, l.itlL-, .1 river that riA'S in the
» p.trt of Ntiifolk, rind dividing th.it
county lioin Sutlolk, as it flow* weft-
ward, bccdinrs navi^jalil*' at I hott'oid,
and atttiwaril joint ttic Great Oulc.

Or/^rt-f .1 town aiid fort of Ilu'doo-
ft.in, m Myfon , taken by the Knjjliih in
lyi;}. It iH 19 III bk. Uangalore, and 69
>.NK Scringapaiam.

Oitiriro, A town and for t re fg of Por-
tugal, in Tra los Muntes, featcd 011 a
tnouiitain,9 m hk Ui'aganza,and 21 mw
Miranda.

Owfgo, ,\ town of New York, in Ti-
ogi county, ni the e bianch ot'theSul-
«Hielu'-;i, io m w Union,

Orjjhtjhte, tlie iarjft d.nid moft eallcrn
of tho Sandwich illandb, in the Pacific
Dcoan. its liMigth from n to 8 is 84 rn,
and its hrciidlh 70. Nc.ir the middle
19 Mowna Kon, a inuuiitain that rifcs
in three peak-*, perpetually covered
with fnow. and may be Teen at 40
leagues diftancc. To the N of this
mountain, the coaft confifta of high and
abrupt cliffif dowa which fall maoy

OXF

braulifulcircMli-ii nnd il>r whole e«Mi«.
try kioivr'rtd wlUi c<H'04>nut «ntl btf ad.
fitiii irrfi Th>' peak* n/ Ihi* moon*
i.uit uii t^r N» ridt' HriH-ur lo br nhoni
lulf rt n i.f hl|{h 'In Ihr « nf thii
niotint.iin, ihf ground U cnvr-rrd wiili
rindii •, and in niai.y pUcii b.ii bl«tk
tlr. .tk*, which ffrm to m«tk thr t'nii'fc

of a I4V.I, llat hiK flowrd front \\\f

mount •III to Ihr Ihorr. 'I'hv loulhrrn
pronioMiory looks liki- thr inrir drr^'i
ol u vnlc.ino. 'I h>- proji'^lmi licadlaiid
ill ronipoliil of broken and cr.i^gy ro<.l>i
piled nriguUily on onr xnot'iiT, and
lermln4tii)K in iliirp points | yet, amid
thi-li; ruliii. Arc many p^'chci ot ric'i
foil, (arrfiiliy liitl out in plant.itiniu.
The firldaarr cni^Uifrtl l>y ftinr fvne'i,
and Arc interfprrlrd wiih grovi't olcn.
eoa-nnt Irets Mere eap'.rii Cook, in
>77'ji ^c'i A victim to a liiddrn rrlnit.
nicni of rhc n.iiivi *, v ith whom hi ini>
furiunatcly had 4 difiiute. I.on. of the
\, point 154 56 w, lat k; 44 n,

ihurant, Smth, a town «)f W York«
(liiie, with virioiM voilUii ni.innf.ic-
tiiiiS. The iiihabiiaiui were 4H87 in
iKoii and f to6 in iHn. It i« y rn kk
ll.ilitax >^oHth OiL'tiiM, with 1615 in.
Iia*iiiantii, in a m s» 11 difax.

Oxfunl- A town ol Nfw Ymk. in Ti-
oga eountyi wi'h an academy, 45 m Nt
llniiin.

(hj'untt a town of Mary hind, in Til.
bot (oniity, ttMtril on nn inlet uf Clul.i>
peaki- bay, la lu s F.afloii.

Oxfuitl, the c.i|)!:.d of Oxfordfliire,
and a liillmp'H hr, with a maik'l on
\\'(dntlday ;iiid Saturd.iy It ib iV.i'nl
at the coniliix of the ( htrwell with thr
Tham«'«, and hah a cin.d to Hrannflon,
in Nrrthamptoiilhiic 1 he city, wiili
the liilnirbr', !< of .1 round form, ^ ni
ill circuit, and w.ii anciently lurronndi-d
by walls, of which cunfulciable remain!
are y« t to be teen ; us alfo of its cxien-
five callle, the towiT of which im.w
H-rvi-K l(,r a county gaol. The numbit
uf inhabitants was 11,107 ''■ >8oi, and
1 2,931 in 1811. It has, befide till' cathe-
dral, 13 parilh chui'chis, a famous uni-
verlity, a noble market-place, atid a
magnificent bridgi*. The univerfily i*
generally fiippofed to liave been a li'tni-
nary for learning before the time of Al-
fred, although it owed its reviv.-}l and
conli-qucnce to his liberal patronage.
Here are ao colli ges and Bve hull^, lit-
viral of which ftand in the f^reets, and
give the city an air of magnificence.
The colleges are provided with luffi*
cient revenues for the maintenance of a
ma Iter, fellow, and ftudents. In the
halU the ftudcnti liv«> either whoUyi or

OXF

irt p4rN At Ihcir own fiprnrcf, Tht
«ii<Ui^«'« 4ri', UninriiiyiHillioi, Mettun,
kMUr, OrH I, Qiirriu. Ni w, |,inc'»ln,

i\ll !ttM>l»» MlgJ4l<tl, H«4r<iio(«i Coi-
))U«Cliri|li, ChtiA Chtircli, rrinity, Si.
j.thri iLipiin, JiTut, Wxlli.in), Pcm.
i)/tiki'i WoiKiU'r. «itd IKrUuiJ. Of
ihcCci I hi' niuU 4itci«iit UUiiWrifl'ir col«
1-1(1', fMiimiftl brfort thff yi'ar H;] ( anil
t>i Chriit C'liuuh cull<|',>', iH'Kun liy i';ir-
ihiitl VVnU'-y, 4nd liniiliMt by Henry
VIII, III loiigit thr C4ilir<lr.il. Thi- hilU
»rc Allxii, KilmiinU. Hi. MAty, Nrw
Inn, .tiul Hi. M.iry M iKiiilitn. Amon^
t'M hbilfir* in the uiii\riliiy, tlir mnfk
tliAiri^iiilhiit \* Ow l)i>itlciui. f>>iindvil
iiy I'tr rnitmit ll'Klliy, thufc ii^ All
:>iMiU coiliMi- CitriU Clmrcti, Qiinini,
NrA. St. Juliii, l:x<'ter. aicI Corpus
t'hr.di. A:i>ona oiltcr public biiililmi'.-tt
^u' Ihrihniu', ii.'* AOimolfanimiiiumi
|))f i'tiifutoii (itintiiiK h'tiifi', thi* ]{»i\'
ilillV inlirtn.iry, .tiul ;itt iiblirtv4tnry.
Mitril.il 11 bri(ij;c, btfiili' Ihc bc.m'y »)f
iit 4rchiti'if)iiii-, hit tM.i fiiigulirity.
Hut rT>«"e tluui lialf ol it it on dry
{iroiliul, and tlic rcH covert two t'liiiili
itripcfi uf tlx! Cl'i-rwi'll I this biidji;c ii
j;6 fat litnic* At Oxforil, king John,
c impvlU'il by hi» baiDiin, fuiiinioiu'd a
p^rli.imriit to meet, in lis**; the pro-
afiiiiiKH of which were fii diforderlyi
th.ii it win known irterwaril by tlic name
(if till' M.ul I'.iiliaini'nt. CharlcH i al-
lfmMi.'i.l a p iilia't.cnt li«'r«*, in i6if, in
t():i;ii|iiriici' ol ilic pi muo llu-n i;iK'"K
ill London: and, in 1644, be binunoii-
cit fiu-l) nf the mcmbi Tit of l>oth hoiiltit
a> wcrf dcvot.'d to his iiilcnUi : tlicfc
wiTC U'CidiT: from till" parliament thin
fitliii^j at W'flriuiiftcr. This city wa«
itillingiiillu d tor its altachmcnt to th.it
iiiif. itir atf king, who bcrc ht-Iil bit
ciiint dnrinj; the whole civil war. With-
out ilie t')wn are many ruint of the for-
tilications urciflcd in that war. Oxford
is govfiiud by a m.iyor, depcnduit on
the eh.nH'tlior and viccchanccllor of the
uiiiverfity; and finds four mcmbert to
parlitmtnt, two fur the univrifity, and
two for the city. It Ih 5 j m s by k
Coventry, and 54 www London. Lun.
1 IS vv, hi 51 46 N.

Oxford ,'j:ir, a county of England,
bouiiilt'd on the k by Bnckinghamihire,
w by GloiiciOerrhire, s by li-rkfllirc,
and N by Warwickihiicund Nortnamp-
tonlhire. The extn me length is 48 in>
and breadth i6, but its form is vrry
irrp)rulir. It coiitaiiH 474,830 acres; is
dividrd into 14 bundredt, and 219 pa-
rilhcs; hai one city and la market-
towni ; and fends nine members to
parliament. Tfic number of inhabit'

PAC

iintt WM i/t<),<iio in tlo(»anit ic^ii^t
ill iNii. The foil, lhoU|h V4ri>)u«, it
fertile In corn ami gr4ft. Th<> « p4M,
rfivcully (>n lh« hordcrt nf nui-kinK«
li ttitlhiii , iit hilly iiMil wooily, hiving 4
rofiliniiitinn nf Ihi' Chillrni liii><« run*
iiing llooii)(lt il. Th>' Ntv p.irt Ik 4lli>
elevated and tlony' Ihc iniddb* 11, in
)(rnrr.d, a rich ooiinlry, w.iri'r%d by nu-
inrroii* Itivumt riiiiiiinK from k In t, And
ii nninatlnK in the Th4me»- Of'hrfr,
thi* moll coiiAdrnbltf arc tlir VViniU
rtilb, Kvrnlolr, Ciii*rwell, aw«I Tame |
the laMrr, .tlthon.:}! lui iiconndrrablt
livuli-l, hail iibt.nnrtl fomi* iniport.ince
from h.ivlny ht'fii liippored to give name
to the Thampi. Tla- piodn^lt ot On.
fordf^iiie are c'liilly thoii' com>noii 10
till* midl.md faiinin){ cnuntK'n. In
bilU yirld ochre, pipe-clay, and otlcr
earths, ufrfu' for varioui purpnfet.
torn ami malt arccon*i*yi'd fiom il, by
till* Thatiu*. to thi' mi''ropoli<i

Ornfnm, a river of Sf. DominRO,
which t nlcm thi* li^a at the city of St.
Domingo. Il il naviutble \o m ; but
h.is a roi:li at its montb, wliiJi pirvcntt
the entrance of vefleli drawing more
than iK feet.

P.

Vaeafmaifti, a river of Pern, which
infurt troni the mu iiitains of Caxam.ir*
ca, and flow* w to the Puific ocean,
when' it fornin a b.iy in lat 7 »» »

I'iUfin, a town in the k pait »if Su-
matra, cipitd of a kin^lloln of the lame
nam<'. It it no in bp. Achecn. Lon.
97 15 K, Lit. 5 o N.

Piuliacanuift a town of Peru, in the
audience ol Lima, fitu ate in a valley of
iti name, formerly beautified with a
inagniHccnt temple, in winch the Spa-
ni.iids, when they coiiqueied Peru,
found iininenie riches. It it %% m ^tK
Lnn.

Pachete, a fort of Ilindooft m, in Ben.
gab It giviii name to a circar, and
ftandt iH-ar the Dummooda, 10 ni nb
Uo^onatpour.

i^ui/iuca. a town of New Spain, in
the province of Mexico, famout for the
rich lilver mines in its vicinity. It it
45 m N by I. Mexico. Lon. too 14 w,
lat. 20 42 K.

Paci/ic Ocfan, othcrwife called the
South Sent lying tietween Alia and Ame-
rica,and upward of 10,000 m in breadth.
When Magellan entered this ocean
through the dangerous ftrait that bears
his name, be failed three muntbi and %•

% ¥

PAT)

d^ys in a iinirnim li'ncfiir,.] to the Nw,
without ililci)V( iln;; land. In the dif-
ticfn he I'liftiKfl in this voyage, bfffofc
he difcovcrid tho Ladrone i(l,uni'», he
had I he conlol.ition of I'tijoying Aich
uninterriiptid Pne wtather, with ftir
windfl, that he gave this ocean the name
of Pacific. 'I'hf Spaniards, on pafllng
the Ifthinus of Dxriun from n to s,
at the firft difcovcry of this ocean,
ri-JTed it tile South Sea; but witn re-
fpei'c to Amcrfca, it is more proper!/
the weftem ocean. On one fide of the
equator, it h called the North Pacific
Ocein ; and on the other, the South
Pacific Oce.iii.

Pdcy, a to<vn of France, in the de-
partment of Eure, fiuiatc on the river
ture, 8 rn 8 by e Vernon

/Wrtwj;-. a fen port on the w coaft of
Sumatra. In 1797, itwasalnofl totally
dcdroycd by an t.irthqiiake, and up-
ward of 300 live* were loft- Lou. 99 46
%, lat. 0 50 B.

Pfiddinf^toiiy a villppe in Middlofcx,
A mile w t-.y n Lomlon. T!)o!igh fo
near totlio nvtropolis, it contninK many
beaulit'ui riir,il Ipot , and hancMDme
Hats- A can.ji pnlies hence to the Grarid
Junction canal, near P -entford.

Padrrhorn, a principality (1 U( ly a
biflniprjc) of Germany, in the circle uf
Wt'(i;phalia, .jo m 1 ng ;inrl 25 broad,
lyinir ■• of the dticliy or' W<'flphplia and
Couii;y of \\aldeck. The prince's cif-
tle IS at Nienhus. There are h'gh moun-
tains, anfl iron mihes in the m'dt^l • of
thtr cou'itry; ether parts nre fertile in
corn and p ifliire ; and it ib iamous fur
bacon ;ind venf m.

PaiLrb'jr>2. afortifiid town of Weft-
phalia, capital ot the principality of the
i'jme name, with a ci Irbrafetl univerlliy.
The rivulet P..der riles under the hi^h
altar of the cathedral ; and in the col-
legiate church lire the remains of St.
Blafe. The mort remarkable of the con-
vents is the col!ej?e formerly belonj^ing
to the jei'nits. It i6 ^i m kse AJunfler.
I/m. 8 55 E, lat. 51 41 N.

Padrort, a town of Spain, in Galicia,
feattd on the Ulla, lain s Compoftella.

Padjhw, a town in Cornwall, with a
market on Saturday, a convenient har-
bour, and fome coafting trade. It is
(eatedat the mouth of the Camel, on
the IJriftol channel, ,^6 m \v Launcef-
ton, and 243 \v by s London.

Padua, a fortified city of Italy, capi-
tal of Paduano, and a bifhop's lee. It
is 7 m in circuit, but much lefs confl-
defable than formerly ; for great part of
the area wirhirr the walls is unbuilt, and
the t(mn In general fo thinly inhabited^

PAtt

that craf^ grows in many of the ftrfccf j.
'ihe houfes arc built on piaz/as, whicli,
when the town was in a flourUhing
ftatc, may have had a mngnificcnt «p.
pea.Mnce; but they now rather give it
a more gloomy air. The cathedral it
one of the richcfl: in Italy ; and in the
ficrifly is a ftalue of ihe celebrated
Petrarch, who was a canon of the
churcli, and left to if a part of his li-
brary. The Francilcan church is dedi.
Gated to St. Antonio, the patron of the
city, whole body is enclofed in a fnrco.
ph<igus, under an altar in the middle of
the chape!. Near this church is thr
fchool of St. Antonio, where many of
the aif^inps of the iaint are painted in
frelco; iome of them by Titinn. The
church of St. Juftina is noted for a rich
INIolaic pavement. The hall of the
tovvnhouie is the largeft in Europe, and
contains the cenotaph of Livy, who win
a native of Padua. The univcrfity,ono>
fo celebrated, is now on the decline.
Here is a confiderable cloth manufnc>
tore . but the city fvvarms with beggars,
who al!w charity in the name of St. An.
tonio. Pa-1ua was taken by the French
in 1796. It is !■ ated on the Brenta and
Badkii^lione, in a tine plain, 20 m w by
s Venice. Lou. 11 53 e lat. 45 14 n.

Pddttano apro\ince of Italy, in the
teriit'.ry of Venice, 40 m long and 35
bro'id; bounded 011 the t. by iDogado,
8 by Polefina di Rovigo, w by Verouefe,
and N by Vicentino. It is well watered,
and one of the mod fertile countries in
Italv. P.:dua is the capital.

Padnla, a town of iMaples, in Prin-
cipitn Citra, 14 m N Policaftro.

Pajra/im, a decayed city of the king-
dom of iiirmah, capital of a province of
the fame name. It is faid to have been
abandoned in the 13th century in confe.
quence of a divine admonition. The
remains of its ancient Ijplendour are nii.
merous mouldering temples, and the
Velfiges of a fort. It is Icated on the
Irrawaddy, no m sw Ummerapoora.
Lon. 94 34 E, lat. ai 10 n.

Pciglinrio, a town of Naples, in Abruz-
zo Ultra, 15 m ese Aqnilla.

Pago, an ifl.ind in the gulf of Venice,
fcparated from Dalmaii* by a narrow
channel. It is 20 m long and 6 broad,
chiefly barren, and the foil ftony ; but
it is well peopled, has fait- works, and
produces wine and honey. The chief
town is of the fame name. Lon. ji 10
E, lat. 4440 N.

Pdhang, a feaport on the e coaft of
the peninfula of Malaya, capital of a
kingdom of the fame name, famous for
a great nunfiber of elephants, and for

PAL

plenty of pepper. It is 140 m n f, M<i-
latca. Li/P. 10^ ;;o e, Lit. .;j 55 N.

PainhotKf, a fciiport of France, in tli<;
dtpArliiifUt of Lower Loire, at the
jnoiifli ot tliu Loire. Hence all i\\c
fhips btlonging to Nantts tak« llicir
dep'irture, and htre the.y anchor on tlifir
arrival. It is as m w by n Nantes. Lou.
I 5Q w, lat. 47 '7 N.

jf^«/>//:f/fi, a village in Glfwicefterfliire,
on the fide of a hill, 7 m ssf. Giouceftcr.
it has a inaniifa(ftiirc of white cloths for
the army, and for the India and Tur-
key trade.

Piii/haivur, a city of CaiidHhar, capi-
tal of a diflriL^ in the country of Cabul.
Jt is filuiite on the Kameh, 125 m SE
Caliiil, and 170 N MoultiUi. Li.n. 70
36 K, lat. .V3 18 N.

Piiijky, a town of Scotland, the larg-
e(l in l{enfrewrtiirc. It has confiderable
njanufa(!tiirc8 of (ilk and linen gauze,
lawn, iTiiifiin, cambric, thread, &:c. alio
extend ve ioap, candle, and cotton
works; and is deemed the firft m,inu«
fa^uring town in Sc!)tland. The river
White Cart divides it into two parts,
which communicate by three bridges.
The part on the c fide of the river is
called the Abbty parifh, and contains
the magnificent remains of an abbey
church, the only one which Pailley for-
merly required. The other part, now
f'efignated by Paifley, hai three parifti-
churches, and feveral meciing-honfes
for diflentiog congregations. By means
of the river, and a canal, veflels of .jo
tons can come up and unload at the
quay. In 1801 the number of inhabit-
ants was 17,026 in thctown, and 14,153
in the abbey parifh; and in 18 11 the
number was 19,937 in the former, and
16,785 in the latter. It is 10 m w Glal-
^ow. Lon. 4 a6 w, lat. 55 53 w.

Paitay a feaport of Peru, with an ex-
cellent harhottr. It has frequently been
plundered by the buccanetrs; and in
1741, it was plundered and burnt by
commodore Anfon. The bay is defend-
ed by a fort. It is j8o m nw Truxillo.
Lon. 80 54 w, lat. 5 5 s.

Palachy., a town of Hindooftan, in (he
province of Coimbetore, with a fmall
fort. In the vicinity was lately dug up
a pot containing Romnn filver coins of
Autiiii'tus and Tiberins. It fland^ in a
\\\.'il-cnltivated country, 14 m s Coim-
betore, and 37 w Daraporam.

Palacios, a town of Spain, in Aftda-
lufia, 12 ms Seville.

Palamt, a town of Spain, in the pro-
vince of Leon, 51 m wsw Leon.

Palaisi a tov»n of France, capital of
the ifland of BeHcilk, trith a ftrong ci-

PAL

17CU after a long fiege. It flandson the
■SK fide of the ifland, .^o m sse Orient.
Lon. .^ 9 w, hit. 47 19 M.

Pdlaisi St- a town and diftrift of
France, in the dipartment of Lower
Pyrenfe?, which, with the town and
diftiid of bt» Jean Pied dc Port, form*

ot

till' late province of

I'alais i> fratcii on

Bayonnc. Lon.

nearly the wiiole
Lower N.ivarrc. St
the liidoufi;, 15 m .sk
I 4 w, lat. 43 a I N.

Palambung, PalamhnnUi or Bnlam'
buatiy a town of Javn, capital of a king-
dom, at the i: end of the ifland. H( re is
plenty of popper, cotton, rice, maize,
fruit, hfirfiJ, antelopes, buffklos, and -
oxen. It (lands on a bay in the ftrait of
Bali. Lon. 1140 k, Ut. 7 10 s.

Pahmcotta't lie Tinevelli/-

PctlamoSi a ieaport of Spain, in Cata-
lonia, leated on the Mediterranean, 58
m NR Barcelona. Lon. 3 4 k, lat. 4 1 50 n.

Pa/omow, a town of Ilindooflim, in
the province of Baluir, 140 ni ssw Paina.
Lon. 84 25 f, lat. 83 5J n.

Pa/ania, a town of European Tur-
key, in BeflTarbia, fcated on theDniefter,
40 m SE Bender.

Palcios. i'.e Pdkiu tjlands.

Palaiuan ; fee Paragon.

Pa/arrwla, A town of Italy, in Brcf-
ciano, leated on the Oglio, 20 m wnw
Brefcia.

Pnlencia, a city of Spain, in Leon,
and a bilhop's ftre, with five churches,
1 1 convents, and two hofpitals. The
chief mannfa(fture3 are woollfen cover-
lets, flannels, and fcrgcs. It is feated
on the < arrion, 23 m nnb Valladolid,
and 70 SE Leon. Lon. 4 28 w, lat. 41

59 '^•
yWf no, a town of Naples, m Abruzzo

Citra, 9 m ESB Solmona.

Palenzue/a, a totrn of Spain, In Old
Caftile, feated on the ArUnza, a Kttle
above the influx of the Arlanzom, 30 m
sw Bnrpos.

Palermo, a fortified city of Sicily, in
Val di Ma'zara, capital of the ifland, and
an archbifliop's fee, with a univerfity.
It ftands on a b y of the fame name, on
the N coaft, near the extremity of a
kind of natural amphitheatre, formed
by hrgh and rocky mountains. The
cotjntry between the city and the moun-
tain.? i's one of the richeft plains in the
world ; the whole appearing a magnifi-
cent garden, filled with fruitful trt*es,
and watered by fountains and rivulets.
The inhabitants of Palermo are eftimat-
ed at 150,000- Two great ftreeis, the
Caffaro and Maqueda, interff<5t each
other in the centre of the city, where is
a hatidfome fqnare, called the Ottan-

^:4

iiiarf

J

"^ I,

hi

tSicJel. it fiirrcndered to the En^liih in golo ; from the centre of this is fcen the

PAL

whole of thefe noble ftrert«, and the
four gates that terminate them, tach .it
the (liftance of half a mile. The Porto
Felice openi to the Marino, a delightful
walk, wliich hao on one fide the wall of
the city, and on the other the fea ; and
in the centre is a kind of temple, fre-
quer.tly miule ule of as an orchiitra. The

PAL

are prepared for this fitiiation by keep,
ing thfm iix months upon a gridiron,
over a (low iirr, till ull tht- fat and moif-
tnie are conftimed In fome of tlie
higher nichos they are laid out at mil
length, and ar the top are young child-
ren. On the lloor are handfomu irunkn,
cont.'iining the bodies of peifons of dil-

royal rtfidence in fituatc at the top of tindion, the kiys of which arc kept by

the Caflliro, and commands a view of
the city and furrounding fccncry ; it is
an exteiiiivc and irregular iniilding, but
the apartments are fplfndid and ele-
gantly decorated, 'i. he palaces briong-
ing to the princes are miich admired tor
their fit»;ition and eleganc*-; and the
houfts of the nobility an- tin«» buildings,
but their outward eff\(5l is dt llriiycd by
convening tlieir lower part into Itibles
and coacli houfes. Palermo has upward
of loo ci)Ufche8, manyot them iich .md
magnificent; alib 96 convents, wtih fu-
perb chapels to each, and innunurahle
fpots dedicated to ti)me favouriti' faint.
The cathedral is a large G(>d\ic (Iruc-
ture, fupported within by L'o column<»
cf oriental granite, ^nd divid* d into a
freat number of chapels; fome of them
arc extremely rich, particularly that of
St. Rofolia, the patrontfs of Palermo,
whofe relics are prclcrved in a large box
of filver, enriched with prtcious ftones.
Here are alto found the tombs of fevtral
of- the ancient Norman kings, and of
the empetors Henry vi and Freceiic 11,
of the fined porphyry. The city Is
crowded with ftatues of fnvercigns and
tutelar faints, placed in fmall courts and
fquares upon pedeftals of colofTal pro-
portion and taftelcfs ft»rm. In the ftreets
women hide their heads in black veils ;
a very ancient mode of drefli in this
ifland. Thin city had fufP^red greatly,
j't different periods, by eari hquakt-s or in-
undationa. The harbour, defended by
a mole and two caltics is open to the
fea from the ne; and even at the an-
choring place, (hips are in danger when
a weftfriy wind rulhrs through the val-
ley of Colli betwet-n the mountains.
About the middle of the nth century,
the Norman king Roger eftablilhtd filk
manufadlures in this city, by means of
prifoners takt-n in his war with the
Greeks, and they ftijl flourifh, though
not fo lucrative fince the manufadlure
has extended to Italy. A mile from
Palt rmo is a celebrated convent of ca-
puchins, in which is a vault made ufe
of as a receptacle for the dead. It con-
fifts of four wide pafTages, each about
40 feet long, with niches along the
ftdes, in which the bodies are fet up-
right, clothed in coarfe garment8> with
their headsi urms^ and feet bare. Th°y

the relations. Palermo, in 1799, be-
came the rilidence of the court, when
the French made themfclves mailers of
Naplc . it is no m w McfTma, and
180 s by w Naples. Lou. 13 34 b, lat.

38 li N.

PuUjUiify ii country in the sw part of
-Syria, fo called from the Philiftines,
who iuhabiiid the fcacoalt- In the
Icriptures it is (tylod tlie Land of Ca-
naan, and tlic Promiled Land ; it is alio
called the iioly L»iid, as conlecratrd by
the rilidepce of the Dtity through all
ages (if Ji'wilh liillory, and as having
been thtr fcenc of the miniltry of Jefus
Chrift. It is divided from the other
parts of .Syria on the N by Mount Li«
b^jiui-, and on the e by the river Jordan
and the DtM\ f . a ; on the s it is bound-
td by Arabia Puraja, and on the w by
the Mediterraui an f. a. It is fertile in ge-
neral, abijunduig, wlier«-cuUivated,with
corn, wine, homy, and oil ; and it might
fupply the neighbouring countrv with
all thefc, as it anciently did, were the
prelcnt inhabitants equally indultri-
0U8. This eouniry was by (editions,
in the reign of Kchoboham, divided into
the kingdoms of Judah and Ht'ael ; and
after the return of the Jews from the
B^bylonifli captivity, it was divided into
three parts, called Juden, Samaria, and
OaIil<'e> Even yet it is conlidered as
diviiff'd into the Came three parts, the
capitals of which arc Jerufalem, Napo-
lofe, and Nazareth.

Palrjirinat one of the largeft of the
iflandb called the Laguncs, near Venice.
it has a town of the lame name^ 6ms
Venice.

Palejirinaj anciently Pracnefte, an
cpifcopal town of Italy, in Campagna
di Roma, with the title of a principality.
Here formerly (tood a temple dedicated
to Fortune, the ruins of which . ay yet
be feen. It is aj m e by s Rome. Lon.
J3 5 E, lat. 41 52 N.

Paliano, a town of Italy, in Cam-
pagna di Roma, (ituate on a hill, 20 m e
Rome.

Pa/igaut, or Palkaud, a fort of Hln-
dooltiii, in Malabar, built by Hyder, on
his conqueft of that province Around
it are fcattered many villages, which
contain a confiderable population, and
have fome trade. It ftands between tw»

PAL

rivulets, near their junflion, at tht '''*nX
of the foutlicri) cxtrt-mity of theG:ti t»,
25 m wsw Ct)imbeture, arid 56 £ by n
Paniany.

Palixonda, a town of Ilindnoftan, in,
tlic C.iinatic, with the remaitiB of a fort,
in which is a confidcrable temple. It
is ff.itid orj the P.iliar, jj m w Arcot.

Pulhuban, ihv capital of a kingJ<n»
of the lame name, on the su. coaft (if Su-
matra. The Dutch have a fort h»re,
and purchill' large quaiUltic-s of pepp<?r.
11 rtauiU on the rlv< r Paliniban, 50 m
from the fca, and 1,^0 nb Buicooicn.
Loii. lo.s 4.S •■ > ' 't. a 5A s.

Paik S.'rait, a ftrait at the N end of
Ceylon, ill the bay of Bengal, which fe-
paratei that iflaiid from the C(»aft of
Tanjore, in liindojftan. A conlidtr-
al)Ie pearl fdliery h cariied on in it, on
both fliores.

PiiHifcr Ijlaids, a ^roiip of id mds in
the pacific ocean ; the hrycfl about J5
m long and to broad. Lon 146 30 w,
lat. 15.^8 s.

Palma, one of the ('anary iflands, to
the N of Fcrro, to m in circuit, and
very fertile. It has a town of the fame
rame, much frequented for its excellent
wine, and fafe harbour. Lon. 1 7 50 w,
lat. 28 37 N.

Palma, a ftrong city, cfipital of the
idand of Majorca, and a biihop's Tee. The
public fijiiares, thecatheilral, the palace
of the ancient kings, and the epifcopal
palace, are magnificent. It contains
upward of 6000 hollies, built after the
antique manner ; a unlverfity, more an-
cient than celebrated ; Icven parochial
churclips, bdidc the cathedral ; and
many convents. The townhoufe is a
noble building, and the exchange a cu-
rious Gothic ftruifture. The harbour,
though Imall, isiafeand commodious.
Palitia was taken by the Englilh in iiou,
and retakun in 1715. It Hands at the
htad of a bay on the sw part of the
ifland Lon. 2 45 E, lat. 39 35 n.

Pulmd, a town of Spain, in Andalu-
fia, It.ited on the Xenil, near its conflux
with the Guadalquivei, 30 m sw Cor-
dova.

Palma, a town of Portugal, in Eftre-
madura, on '\e river Cadoan, ao m £
Setuvai.

Palma, a town of Sicily, in Val di
Mazara, near which is a rich fulphur
mine. It is 15 m st: Girgenti.

Palma, ati. wn of New Granada, with
manufadure« of cotton, Imen, and ''i-
gar, and very tine copper mines, 54 m
Nw St. F^.

Palma, or Palma Kuova,^ a ftrong
frontier town of Italy, in Friuli, on a
canal that comoiunicates with the Li-

PAL

zonzo, 10 m SB Udina, and sj Ni Vc-
nice. Lon. 1,:^ ij b, lat. 46 2 n.

Palma di Solo, .1 I'eaport of Sardinia,
on the sw coaft, 3H m sw Caglnri. Lon.
8 56 t;, lat. 39 s N.

Pnhmis, a river of New Spain, form-
ed by the jnii(5lion of the NaflHis and
Sincfda, in New Dilcay; it flows e
about 200 m, between the provinceH of
Panucu and New Leon, into the gulf of
Mexico.

Pa/mas, one of the Philippine iflands,
16 leagues se of Mindanao. Lon. 127

O E, Lit. 5 33 N.

Pdlmaj, ('fi/>r, a promontory on the
Ivory coaft of Guinea. Lon. 5 34 w,
lat. 4 26 N.

Palme/a, a town of Portugal, in Ef-
treniadiira, with a caltle on a rock, 8 m
NNfc Setuvai.

Palmer/Ion Ijle, an ill md in the Pa-
cific ocean, difcovered by Cooh, in
1774. It confift:: of about ten iflt'tK,
conneded by a nef of coral neks, and
lyiiij; in a circular diredion; tlie princi-
pal one not exceeding a mile in circuit,
nor more than three feet above the level
of the fea. It abounds with cocoa-nuts,
fcurvygrafs, and the wharra-tree, but
has no inhabitants. Lon. 162 57 w.
Lit. 18 o s.

PalmOS ; fee Canartj

Palmyra, or 'J'admor, once a magni-
ficent city of Syria, originally built by
king Solomon. On the decline of the
Macedonian empire in the vnl\, it be-
came the capital of a principality, under
the name of Palmyra ; and it declared
for the Romans, on Adrian marching
his army through Syria to Egypt. The
city HouriflKd and incrcaled to the time
of Aurelian, when it relifted the Roman
power, under queen Zenobia, who held
it out a long time, but was at length
taken captive, and led in triumph
through the ftrects of Rome. Soon
afterward the inhabitants maflacred
the foldicrs who had been left in gar-
rifon ; which outrage occafioned the
return ofAiireliuR, who, having made
himlelf mafter of the place, caultd all
the inhabitants to be d<-'ftroyed, and
gave the pillage of the city 10 the ibl-
diera. The llupendous ruins of this
city are in the midft of a landy defert,
bounded on three fides by high moun-
tains- They were vifited, in 1751, by
Mr. Wood, who publifhcd a fplendid
account of them in 17.53. The inhabit-
ants then confifted of about forty fami-
lies, living in mud cotvagcs, ercdcd
within the fpaciuus court of a once
magnificent temple. Palmyra is 100 m
SE Aleppo. Lon. 38 50 e, lat. 33

i® N.

I .^

,■■ ,4

\m

, , ■'. k 3VJI

Ml-
JM

P A M

Palnaud, <i dillricl of Ilindouflar, be*
longing to the Caniatic, lying between
the rivi;rKiftiu and tlu' Oiintoor circar.
Timrrycotta i» tli» princip;»l placu.

Paloj, a (i-apori of Spam, in Aiulalu-
fia, with a tolerable harbour; ct-Icbrat-
cd for being the place whence Colum-
bus failed on his hr(t adventurous voy-
•gf; in 1492 It is fcatcd at the mouth
of thaTiuto, 50 m w by s Seville. Lon.
6 5z w, lat. i7 10 N.

PaJoj, (Jape, a promontory of Spain,
in Murcin, 19 m e Carthagena. Lon. o
40 w, lat. 37 37 N.

Pa/ota, a fortified town of Hungary,
in the county of Alba Rcgalin, taken
from ih« Turks, in 1087. It is 40 m «w
Buda. Lon. lii o e, lat. 47 o n.

Pfilotza, a town of Hungary, fituate
on the Poprat, 54 m n CalTbvia. Lon.
a I io E, lat. 47 4i s.

Prtlte, a fingiilir lake of Tibot, lying
to the swof LniTit, about 12 ms of the
river Sanpoo. It is nprellnted as a
moat of about 6 m broad, fmrounding
an iflind 30 m long and ao broad. On
the w fide of this ifland is a moiiaftery,
and the leal of the Lanr.ifTa Turccpamo,
or the Great Reg nerate, in whom the
Tibetians think that a divine fpiiit is
regenerated, as it is in the Great Lama.
The word /atn/j Hgnifics a pricft, and
Jamissa is the feininiiic

Paltz, a town of New York, in Ulfter
county, on the w fide of the Hudfon,
ao m N by w Newburg.

Pamhrs, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Arriege, and lately a bi-
fhop's fee. In the vicinity is a mineral
fpring. It is feati.*d on the Arriegc, 36
m s by E Touluuie. Lon. i 35 e, lat.
43 6 N.

Pamlico Sounds a kind of inland fea,
on the coaft of N Carolina. It is 100
m long and from lo to 20 broad, fepa-
rated, in its who'^ length, from the At-
lantic, by a beach of fand, hardly a mile
wide. It has feveral inlets ; but that of
Osrecoke is the only one that will ad-
mit vefiels of burden, and it lies in lat.

34 54 N-

Pampelonne, a town of France, in the

department of Tarn, 15 m n by E Alby.

Pamphega, a town of Spain, in Old
Caftile, iz m «w Burgos.

Pamplona, or Pampeltma^ a city of
Spain, capital of Upper Nararre, and a
bifhop's lee, with a itrong citadel, and a
univerfity. The fquares are handfnme,
and adorned with fliops full of rich mer-
cbandife. In 1813, cm October 31, thr
French |arriiiin in this city furrendercd
to the Spaniards, after a blockade of
three months. It is feated on the Arga,

PAN

47 m 8 Bayoiine, and 197 »b Madrid.
Lun I 4% w, lat. 42 47 n.

Vamploua, a city of N'"V^ Gr.-vnada,
with beaulihil houii.'H, public edifices,
and fqiiarts. Here arc manufa«^urcs of
cottf'n and i'ugar, mines of gold and
copper, and al>iitidance of calth;. It
ftands in a fertilr plain, furrouiulcd by
mountains, liio in ne bt. H:^-. Lun. 72
21 w, lat. 7 I N.

Panaxia, a town of European Tur-
key, in Romania, 14 m n Gallipolj.

Panama, a city and feaport of Terra
Firma Proper, of wliich it is the capital.
It flaiids on a bay of the fame name, on
tlie s coaft of the iflhmus of D.uien,
and is che feat of a royal audience, and
of a bifliop, who is primate of Terra
Firnia. Before the abolition of the t>ade
by the galleons, it was the emporium
for all llie morchandife of Chili and Peru,
intended for Europe. See Purto Lello-
Tlie tr.ule and commerce is tlill co.ili.
deiable, and in the harbour is a fne
pearl fifhery. The city is furroundeil
by a wall and other fortifications, anil in
60 m 8 by vv I'oito Licllo. Lon. 79 19
w, lat. () o N.

J'linnrfffrfi, a town of Java, capital of
a diftrifit, 60 in e by n Mataram.

Pannr'm, one of the Lipari ifiands,
between Lipari and Stromboli, 5 m iii
circuit, and barren.

Pamintcan, a town on the N coaft of
Java, capital of a diftridt in the k part of
the illand. Many Portuguefe are mixed
with the inhabitants, and the princiijal
commerce is in long pepper. Lon. 1 13
2_5 R, lat. 80S.

I'titiatj, one of the Philippine iflinds,
between lliofc of i'aragoa and Ne;,'ros.
It is uf a triangular form, zjo m in cir-
cuit, and watered by many rivers and
brooks. 'I'he chief commodity for ex-
portation is rice. Iloila is the capi-
tal.

Pancras, a village in Middltfex, 2 m
Nw London. It has a church dedicated
to St. Pancras ; and the churchyard is
the principal place of interment for the
Roman catholics. Here is a medicinal
fpri^g ; alfo a Veterinary t'ollege, cfta-
blifiied in 1791, for the improvement
of farriery.

Pancfovay a town and fortrefi of
Hungary, in the bannat of Temeiwar,
Icated near the Danube, 10 m £NF.
Belgrade, and 56 ssw Temefwar.

Pangafena, one of the Molucca
ifiauds, in the E Indies, 1.5 m long and
10 broad, lying between Celebes and
Bouton.

PangOf a town of the kingdom of
Congo, capital of a province of the fame

MB Madrid.

i"\ Granada,
iblic «c1ifiiwi's,
iiujiavturcsvif
of goltl and
■if Oiitllc. It
iinouiuiLd by
Fd. Lon. 71

uropean Tur*

Gallipoli.
jport of Terra
. is the capital,
"ame name, on
1U8 of D:iii»'ii,
audience, and
naie of iV'iru
on of the t.adc
the enrtporium
Chili and Peru,
\{'v Purto iJelh-
•X is llill conli-
rbour is 11 fine

is furioundid
(ications, ami is
3, Lon. 79 19

Java, capital of
Vlatarain.

Lipari itlands,
rcmboli, 5 m in

n the N coaft of
in the b part of

gufd- are niixid
d the principal

pper. Lon. 113

lippine ifl uuts,
ruH ;ind Ne^'ros.
n, ajio m incir-
nany rivers and
niuodity for i-x*
ila is the capi-

Middkfex, 2 m
hurch dedicated
c churchyard is
terment for the
e is H medicinal
ry College, cfta-
le improvement

and fortrefs of
It of Temefwar,

e, 10 m ENE

'emefwar.

the Molucca
, -.5 m long and
•en Celebes and

Ithe kingdom of
Ivinceofvbefatnc

PAN

nime- It (landt on the BiirbeU, f 5 m
NNE St. Salvador. Lon. 14 4S ^i i'lt* 4

10 s.

Panjab, A country in the nw part of
Hindooftan Proper, being that watered
bythc five rartern branc'."8of the Induii.
It was the fct-nc of Alexundfr'ij Uil cam-
piign, and the terminatioii of hi* con-
iiucfts. It fornu a fqiiare of 150 m. and
iiicKidfS the whole of Lahore, and a
great part of Moulton Proper. Toward
the lower part of Moulton it is flat and
mar(hy, and inundated by the rains that
fjll between May and October.

Paniani/t a town of Hindooftan, in
Malabar. It contains above 40 mofquest
580 hiiufos belongini,' to tradiru, and
1000 huts inhabited by the lowerorders-
Thtiport itt freqitnitcd hy Imall vcflcis,
and much rice i« exported to the north-
em parts of the ptovince. It is featcd
onalandy plain, near the mouth of a
rivtr, 3a m a by K Calicut. Lon. 7558

E, hit. iQ 47 N.

Pannatiach, a village of Scotland, in
Aberd«enlhire, a little below the water-
fill, called i'.it Lin of Dee, ^P m w
Aberdeen. U is noted for mineral wa-
ters, and has houfes and baths for the
accommodation of company.

Panniputt a town of Hindooftan, in

I the country of Delhi. It is celebrated

I for a battle* in 1761, between an army

of 200,000 iViahrattas, and the fultan of

1 Candahar, at the head of 150,000 Mo-

I hamcdans, in which the former were

defeated. Panniput is fituate in an ex-

teiifive plain, 7a m nw D<;lhi. Lon. 76

55 1, Lit. 29 13 N.'

Patiotftf, a town of European Tur-'
I key, in Macedonia, 16 m s Saloniohi.
I Panormo, a town of European Tur-
key, in Albania, on a gulf of thf Adria-
tic, oppolit«; the ifland of Corfu, 45 m
l^sE Vabna. Lon. ao 2 k, lat. 40 o n.

Ptintalariaj an ifland in the Mcditer-
Iranean, between Sicily and the coaft of
jTuiiia, 34 m in circuit. It abounds in
I cotton, fruit, corn, and wine. A num-
Iber of convitStG from Sicily are fcnt to
I this iOand. It has a town of the lame
I name. Lon- iz 31 E> lat. 36 53 n.
I Pantiia, a town of Afiatic Turkey,
I in Natoli«, on the ne coaft of the fea of
jMarmora, la m se Conftantinople.
I Panuco, or Guajhca, a province of
iKew Spain, in the audience of Mexico;
Ibounded on the e by the gulf of Mexico,
land w by Mechoacan and New Bifcay.
iThe s part abounds with provifions,
land has fome veins of gold and mines of
Ifalt; but the n is poor and barren.
Panuca, a city of New Spain, capital

' a province of the fame namc; and a

PAK .

biihop'a ft-e. It is litnite on the river
Paniico, 40 m from the fea, and 140 h
by K Mexico. Lon. y8 54 k, lat. n -iS w.
l*ao-*inj{t a city of China, of the iirft
ra\il:, in the province of Hou-quang. It

I.'

I'cU

eUmg.

I.

on. Ill • 8t

i» «3o m ^bw
lat. zj 5 N.

Pao-ni'ig, a city of China, of the firft
rank, 111 the province of Se-tchnen. It
ftauds on the Kialinu;, 700 m sw IN-klng.
Lon. I J5 35 K, l;it. ;^i 3 N.

Puoom, one of the New Hehri<Ic3, in
the Pacific ocean, to the s of MallLcollo.
Lon. 1 68 29 w, lat. i6 30 s.

Pao-tiug, a city of China, the moft
conlidt^rable in the province of Pc-tchrli
next to lacking. The country around is
pleafant, and fertile as any part of China.
Ii is 78 m ssw Peking. Lon. 115 15 k,
lat. 38 54 N.

Paf>a, a town of Hungary, in the
Ci^unty of Vefprin, leaU'd on a moun-
tain, near thv," river Marchaltz, 45 m \r
Buda.

Pupnrjtla, a town of New Spain, in
TIafcala; near which, in tlic midft of ;i
forert, is a pyramidal edifice of great an-
tiquity, conftrurted of immcnle ftones,
remarkable for tlieir poliih and regu-
larity of cut, and adorned with hiero-
glyphics. It is 80 m NNw Xalapa.

Papoult ^t. a town of France, in the
department of Aude, feated on the
Lembe, 13 m nw CarcafTonc, and 35
sE Touloufe.

Pappenburg, a town of Wcftplialia,
in £ Frielland, with two churches, and
feveral yards for fliip-building. It is
feated on a canal that communicates
with the river Ems, 23 '^ s Emden.

Pappenheint', a town of Suabia, capi-
tal of a county of the lame name, on
the frontiers of Franconia. It is feated
on a hill, near the Altmal, 11 m wn v
Aichftadt.
Papua ; fee Guinea, New.
Papudo, a port of Chili, frequented
by veflcls from Peru, for the hides, tal-
low, and rigging of the neighbouring
lettlements. It is 200 m nnw St. Jago.
Lon. 71 10 w, lat. 3a 36 s.

Paray a river of Brafil, which is the
nw boundary of that country, and gives
name to a government. It is, properly
fpeaking, the eaftern mouth of the Ama-
zon, being a branch from its eftuary
that flows s E and then n e to the ocean,
where its mouth is 40 m wide. The
fpace mciuded by them and the oceai>
is an ifland, 150 m in diameter, called
Marafo, or Joanes.

Para, a city of Brafil, capital of a
government of the fame name, and a
biihop's fdCf It has a ftrong citadel and

. i:k \

I'All

• cafti**, anti is adorned with bcintifiil
vdificct' 7'he clixf biifliufN is cultiv.it-
iiiK tobaccDt indigo, l°u|$ar-c.iti<'x, and
roltoii. It in featt'd on tlip rfluary of
the Para, 80 in tVom the ocean. Lou.
48 XI w, iat< I ,10 H.

Farucels, or Prucrh, a \M\ multitude
4if i'mall if) Midrt and tncks in the China
fca, lying oft" the to.tft of Cochinciiina.
They fxttnd 3c o m in Iciigfh by ^10 in
bn-adth, iind the iiit(rcurrents among
thcin render thijr n.ivigatii>n dan{;iTOU8.

Puradelta, a town of Portugal, in
lieira, 12 m SK LaJi. po.

Pitraf^eot or Pa/aii;an, the moft
wtlterly ot the PliihpDuie iflantls, and
the largeft of the clufter called Caia-
mianeB. It is iRo m lonj; aid from 20
to 40 broad, dividi-d between the king
of Hurnro and the Spaniards, with foine
independent n.itivfs ir ihe int<'i inr p irt.H,
who are black, and have no fixed place
of aboele. The Spaniards h.ivc a uarri-
fon at the N end nf the ifland, at a pi k'c
called Tatay. Lon.iiH45 K.lat. iroN.

ParaifUtit/, a country of S. America,
bounded on the n by Amazonia, E by
Hiafil, !» by Patagonia, and w by Tucu-
inan anci Chaco- It is 1 100 ni in length,
and from 300 to 600 in breadth. It ha8
numerous lakes and rivers : of the lat-
ter, the three principal are the P;trana,
l-'arnguay, and Uraguay ; the united
ftreams of which fvirm the I'lata. Thefe
rivers annually ovfillow their binks;
aod, on thi ir ncefs, leave the foil ex-
tremely fertile. This vaft country ap-
pears to be mountainous to the n and
NW; but many parts are Aill unknown.
The principal province 01' which we
have any knowledge is Plata, or Buenos
Ayres, which, with all the adj icent
parts, h one contmued plain for feveral
hundred miles; extremely fertile, and
pioducing cotton in great abundance,
tobacco, and the valuable herb called
I'araguay, which is peculiar to this
country, and the infulion of which is
drank, in all the Spanilb pioviices of
JS America, inftead of tea. Hue are
alfo a vniiety of fruits and very rich
paflure; but the country is dellitutcof
woods. Caiile, Iheep, horfcs. and mules
are in great abundance; of the latter
many thoufand.'; are an' ually fcnt to
Peru. Iti the mountains toward Tucu-
m.m, the condor, the largelt bird of the
vidture tribv, is not iinfrequent ; and
the ofitich is found in the wide plains.
Several independent tribes of indij^cnes
live in the interior ; cue of them, called
Abipons, are a warlike race, and by a
novelty in American mani;er8, chiefly
cavalry, fecuring and taraing the wild

T' A II

horfcs introduced by the Sp.iniards. fn
151 j, the Spaniards difcnvered {h<\
country by failing up the Plata, :ovl, m
1535, fotinded the town of Hii.n is
Ayres. In 1580, the jtfuits wrre ;)<!
nutted into ttiele fertile i(«ionK, ntul in
thi- next century, founded the f iii'ois
miHions .)f Paraginy : thele win,- ^
nnmKer of colonies, each governi-dliy
two jeliiitK, one of whom was re.'Un,
the other his curate; aiui in pr ccli
of time, merely by the m' It woiidcrliil
addrels, they ac(|\iired an alilolun* lio-
minion, bi>th Ipiritud and ttmpoia!,
over the natives. In 176'', the coi.ii
expelle*! the jt-fuits, and the nilivn
were put tipon the fame fooling wi-',
the other Indians of the Sparilii (vhk,;
S Aineiiea. Buenos Ayres is the ca.jit il,

Paitiihii, a province (»f Hi ifi', lie-
twtcn thole of Rio Grande and Twnw.
nca. It abounds in fug:ii-cane«, hmlil.
wood, tobacco, and cotton. Thecliicf
tnvvn Is or the fainc name, fealtd on tbe
river Paraiba, 10 m from the fea. Th"
Dutch got piifleHion of it, in 1(1^^5, but
the Portuguefe retook it fonn utter. It
has thrrrt forts, a magnificent cathednl,
and m;<ny ftately houles. Lon. 35 11 w,
lat. 6573.

Paramarihui the capital of Surin.-im,
in Guayana, and the chief place of tie
Dutch colonics in S America. It hasi
Imail but ftrong citadel ; ;ind a road for
Ihipping, where there are fcldom kij
than Bo vcflels loading coffee, fugar, cot.
ton, and indigo The ftreets are llraiglit,
and lined with orange, Ihaddock, t titia-
rind, and lemon trees, in continual j
bloom. It furrendered to the Enplilh in
1799, and in 1803. It is fituate on thtl
w fide of the river Surina'n, 16 ni from
its mouth. Lon. jr5 15 \v, lat. 5 \\ n.

Puratnithi, a town of European Tur-
key, in Albania, chief place of a tnoin-
tainous ilillritft of the liimc name, ao ni |
sw Janina.

Parana, a province of Paraguay,
n.-\med from a hrge river, which rectivu
the Paraguay at Corrientes, and after-
ward joining the Uraguay, forms thei
river Plata.

Pnrchin:, a town of Lower Saxony, in I
the duchy of Mecklenburg, feated on
the Elda, 20 m st Schwerin.

Parc/iii'itz, a town and caftle of|
Silefia, in the principality «)f LignitA
with a confide rablc m.nnufactuie of
cloth ; feated on the Kalzbach, 10 m ni f
Lignitz.

Pardubitz, a town of Bohemia, in
the circle of Chrudin, with a tortified
caftle. It has a manufa(5)ure of kniven
and fw'ord blades, and ftands on the

11

[he Sprvniarf!«i. ]i\
I difc'>viTcd thu
the IMata, .tivl, n,
own o^ l^iii s
jcfnilH wt-rc m'

tn.li<l iIh* Villous
If ; tht-'lo wt •• H

wbcm wan u.ld;,
; ami in pr ciU
(c rri' It wiiiiilcriiil
•d ,111 aliloUitf ti'i-

I »| ;ind umpoii ,

II 176-', th'' cobit
and tlie n;iliv'<

lame tooung w-,
[he Spariiiii \r\r,i:
kyrrs is tliC iMJit il.
ICC of llriifi', lif-
iramle and Taiiii.
fiiKJii-c.iiU'H, hr.Tlil.
coiton. The chief
inmr, fcaltil nn the
rom the fea. Th-
of It, in i<',^5, but
k it loon atlcr It
{jnificentcalhalr.il,
lies. Lon. 35 iiw,

:apital of Surinam,
!» cliif f place of ibc
America. It has »
kiel ; iiTul a road for
■re art' ftldom lei) I
pcoflVe, fvigar.coU
jftrcetsareilralght,
If, Ihaddock.tiina-
rces, in continual
ed to theEnplilhin
It is fituatc- onthtl
isrina'", 16 a\ froni[
; 13 w, lat. 5 51 N.
n of European Tiir-
;f place of a irKuri-
e lame name, jo m

cc of Paraguay, fo

ivtr, which rcctivul

rritntes, and afttr-

■raguay, forms thci

f Lower Saxony, in

lenh\irg, lentcd on |

chwerin.

vvn and callle of|

ipality nf Ligniu.

; nianufactuie 0'

Kalzbach, lomNi

vn of Dohemin, in
In, with a fortified
lufaauie of knivfi
and ftands on the

PA R
Blbe. 43 m B by It Prague. Lon. 15 41
t, lat. 4Q 38 N.

Piinrehin \ fee l*tiros>

l\trfnzit, » fcaport of Iftil.i, on a
pcniiWiil.i in the »,'nlf of Xenicc, with a
iurb(wir for lar>;c vclli Is. It in afl in ;.
by \f Capi) d'litria. Lon. 13 50 a, lat.

45 l« N.

Pursrn, afortifit'd town of Koropran
Tiirkty, in Alhaiii.i, with Ivvo potts.
The i'lh.ibitanta arc chielly ChriltiauH,
and of both churches. It ihiids on a
pcniul'ul.i, 30 m 8W Jaiima. Lon. so
53 K, lat. ^9 :6 N.

I'mia, or S'eiv Andulu/.a, a provinct*
of Tt.'ua Firma, in the govi'rnmtiit of
Caracas, lyin^ to the ••'K of Cumaiia, 011
tht'biiikd of th;:Oroii()ko, and including'
the dflt.1 of that nvor. On the n of
thisprovinci', bttwren ('umana and the
illand of Trnidad, is a large bay called
the gidf of Paii;i, which forin.s one of
tlietined harbniiriiin the world. The n
entrance into the gulf in c.lkd Uoca del
Draco [Dragon's Mouth] on account
of tlieadveife curn'uts ami tempelhioiis
waves encountered here, when ilie ilUnd
and continent were difcoveied by Co-
lumbus in 1498.

Paria, a town of Peru, capital of a
diftriift in the audience of Charcas.
Here are fome lilver mines, and its
chceli'ii are in high ellcein made from
the milk of flietp. It is 140 m wnw
Plata. Lon. 68 31 vr, lat. n\ :?o s.

Paiidroni^, a Itrong town of Tibet, on
the borders of Booton, near a river that
flows into the Teclta, 45 m wnw Taf-
iafudon.

PariJla, or Santa, a town of Peru, in
the audience of , Lima, neiir the month
of a rapid river of the fame name, Uo in
SE Tnixillo, and j8o nw Lima. Lon.
78 30 \v, Ut. 9 O-l.

Parima, a Like of S America, near
the borders of Amazonia and Guayana,
of a Iqiiarc i\)rm, 80 m long and 40
broad. It fcenis to be a kind of inun-
dation formed by . the Oronoko ; for
that river enters on the n and iflues on
the w fule of the lake, ne.^r its nw an-
gle. From tlic sk of this lake idTues tlie
Wliite river, called alfo the Parima,
which flows s to the Black river, and
thence se to the river Amazon. On

the w of this lake,. before the main
Itream of the Oronoko turns to the Ji,
there are two other branches that flow
from it to the Black river. Hence there
arc three communications between thofe
two gisat rivcrs> the Oronoko and the
Amazon.

Paris, the. metropolis of. France, the
«« of an archbilhop, and the feat of a
UniverGty. The river Seine, which

PAR

croITi'D it, formi two fmall illandt, called
Ille tiu P.itatH 4iid lile N«)rr<* Oame ; the
fiill iti the anciei.t city ol Pari^, and had
itb name from a building tlut wan I'or-
rnnly the refidenie of the . kin?.'-, and
alter ward refigiud to the pailiamcut.
'arJB has 16 K^t*-'« 'iDd in 15 m in cir>
cuit, including the fiiburbs. Thai part of
it called the ville is liniatc to the north,
the univcrlity to tl - louth, and the city
ill ihe ci'iitre. ' The ftrccts are narrow,
and generally without accommodation
for foot pdniigeis*. Ihe houli-s are
built of fr. ellone, many of them ir-vetl
lUiriek high, and often contain a dlH'er*
erit f imily on every floor. The number
of iTihabitaiits, by .in olbcial Aatementiu
1 8 10, was 5.V7»756. There yrc nine
principal bridges in Paria, but only
three occupy the w hob' bre.tdth of the
Seine, which is not half li) large as the
Th, lines at London. Tin-re are a great
numbirof public fountains, and fo.nu
triumphal itrches. Of the fquares, the
fiiiell is the Place de Luiih xv, of an
oolagon foim, in. which wa< an equef-
trian ftatue, in bronxe, of that monarch.
This fquare (then called tlie Place dtt la
' Revolution) was the fcene of the execu-
tion of Lewis XVI, his contort, and his
filter. Belide the cathedral of Notre
Dame, one of the largell in l£urope,
Paris has many fine ciuirches. The
abbey of St. Genevieve was founded by
king Clovis, wbcle monument is dill to
he leen in the church : it has a library
of 24,000 printed books and 3000 manu-
fciipts, alfo a valuable cabinet of anti-
quities and natural curiofities. The
new church of St. Genevieve, now
called the Pantheon, was deftined by
the national aflembly, in 1791, to re-
ceive the remains of inch great men as
had merited well of their country. The
Baftile, Iniilt as afortrefs by Charles v,
lately ferved for a ftate prifon ; but. it
was deftroyed by the people, in the be-
ginning of the revolution. The uni-
verfity, founded by Charles the fa^,
conliits of four faculties ; namely, \)i-
vinity, the civil and canoa law, phyQc,
and the fciences. The fineft college is
that of the Four Nations, called alfo
AJazarin, from the cardinal, its founder.
Among the public libraries, that, called
the royal holds the firil rank, in rcfpedt
both to the extent of the buildings, and
the number of volumes. The royal ob-
fervatory is built of iVeeftone, and nei-
ther iron nor wood has been employed
in the ertjdion. The botanical garden
is worlby of its ^pellation of royal.
The four principal palaces are the Lou-
vre, the TuUeries, the .Palais lluyal,
and the Luxemburg, la the Louvre i»
a N

!>

J

hm

1 1

PAH

depofitcd the flofft collr^ion of p.ilnt*
inps and natiiei in the worl i ; thr prin«
cipal of them lately brought from v.iri*
out parti of Italy. The ga'den of the
Tuileriei, in front of the pn lace and on
the banki of the Seine, la the finell pub-
lic walk in Paris. The Palais Royal
was lonjt the property of the dukei of
Orleans i and the interior courts have
bren embellifbed with many beautiful
buildings, with (hops, coffee houft'S, and
a garden, which render it like a perpe-
tual fair. The Luxemburg is famous
for its gallery, in which are twenty fx-
quinte paintings by Kubcns. The Ilof
pital-generalt which alfo goes by the
name of la Salpatrcria (faltp«:tre being
formerly made here) is a noble founda-
tion for the female fex ; near 7000 of
whom are here provided for, .ind live
under the infpedtion of fixty fi([fixa. To
this foundation belongs the caitle of Hi*
ceftre, defended on all fides by .1 wall
of confiderable circuit, which contains
within it many lirge buildings and fe-
veral open places ; and here near 4000

?erfons of the other frx arc maintained,
'he Hofpital dv la Pietie, where poor
children are brought up, conftitutes alfo
a part of the Hofpital-general. Thefe
three foundations, with the Hotel Dieu,
have one common fund, amounting to
full two millions of livres a year. The
Hotel des Invalides, for the wounded
and fupernnnuated foldiery, built by
Lewis XIV, is a magnificent ..ruAure;
as is the military (i:hool in the Champ
de Mars, founded by Lewis xv. The
two principal theatres are the Theatre
de la Nation and the Italian theatre;
which, in point of elrgance and conve-
nience, are worthy of the capital of a
|;reat nation. The Monnoie, or mint,
is a noble building, fituate on that fide
of the Seine, oppoHte the Louvre The
Samaritan is a beautiful edifice, at the
end of the bridge leading to the Louvre,
and contains an engine for conveying
the water of the Seine to all the parts of
the ville. The Hotel de Ville is an an-
cient ftruAure; this tribunal Aands in
the Place de Greve, where all public
rejoicings are celebrated, and common
malefaAors executed. The moil inter-
tfting of the manufadtures of Paris is
plate-glafs, and tapeftries made after the
pidturesof tbegreateft matters. In theen-
Tirons are excellent free-ftone and abund-
ance of gypfum. Paris now forms, with a
fmall diftri A round it, one of the depart-
ments of France. [This city, on March
3 If 1814, furrendered to the emperor of
Kuflia and bis allies.] It it 210 m sse
London, 6»s w Vienna, and vj'* mne
Madrid. Lot)^.» ao s, lak. 4« 50 n.

PAR

I'tirijt a town of Kentucky, chief of
Bourbon county. It is fituate in a fine
plain, watered by a fmall river, 30 m r.
Frankfort.

Parkgattt a village in Chefhire, on the
efluury of the D'*e, la m nw ChrDfr.
It has a (trong pin and a rommodiotis
terrace, and packet-boats frequently Uil
hence to Ireland.

Parma, or Parmefatit a duchy of
Italy, under which name are inclii(!<>d
the duchies of l*arma Proper, Piacenzjj,
and Ouaftalla. It u bounded on the w
and N by Milanefe, k by Modenefe, and
s by Tufcany and Genua. The foil \%
fertile in corn, wine, oil, hrnip, nnd
palture ; and there are fome inconfuier*
able mines of copper and lilver. The
celebrated Parmefan cheefe is no longer
made in this country, but at l,odi in
Milanefe, and fome other places. Thii
duchy, in 1808, was annexed to France,
under the name of the department ok
Taro.

Parmot a fortified city of Italy, capi.
tal of a duchy of the fame name, and a
bifhop's fee, with a citadel, and a uni<
verfity. It has a mag liiicent cathedral,
many beautiful churche)), and handfome
ftreets. The cupola of the cathedral,
and the church of St. John, are paintad
by the famous Correggio, who was a
native of this place. In the church of
the Capuchins, is the tomb of the cele>
brated Alexander Farnefc. The other
moft remarkable places are the ducal
palace, with its gallery and collection
of artificial curioQcies ; a famous theatre,
capable of containing 14,000 fpedtatori;
a large Benedidtine convent, in whicb
12,000 foldiers were quartered in 1734J
the Palazzo Giardino, a ducal palace
connedted with the town ; and the pro-
menade, between the town and citadel.
The inhabitants, about 38,000, trade in
filk and BIk (lockings- In 1734, a bat.
tie was fought here between the Aui-
trians and the French and Sardinians,
in which the former were defeated.
Parma is (ituate on a river of the fame
name, which divides it into two parti,
united by three bridges, 40 m nw Mo.
dena, and 60 se Milan. Lon. 10 30 k,
lat. 44 jo N.

Parnafust or Parnaftt a mountain of
European "^ Vcy, in Livadia. It hai
two iummt , one famous for being
confecrated to Apollo and the Mufes,
and the other to Bacchus. It is the
hi^heft in Greece, and has a fine foun-
tain, fuppofcd to be the ancient Caftalia.
It is 8 m N Livadia.

Parot or Ptrrogougt a town of Boo-
tan, with a caftle, the rcGdence of a go- 1
vernor. It is famous for the manufaAore

;gio, who was a

Par

«f idolii. and the forginf^ nt' IWonls,
li);gi'r», and arrow*. It (itniU on the
P^tcliieii, ill A frrtile vallc/i to ni t by
iTafTirudon.

h'nrou an iflmd of lh« Archiprlago,
on.'ofthcC'ycladei, to the w of Naxa.
It i< 10 in long aih\ K hriMil, ami the
foil well cultivated. The tridc coiifil's
in wheat, barle/t wine, and pidff, and
in calicO" It onct* produced a gicat
(Jfal of oil, hut the Veneti.in army Imriit
all the olive trees. This ifl.«nd wan an-
ciently dedicated to Kicchiis, on ac-
count of it! excell<-nt winct; and his
bten fo famotu for itt marble, that thi*
l)«ftc.irvcr» would make ufcof no other.
Thofe excrllrnt ll.ituarii'8, Phidi.is and
Praxitelci, were natives of thisilland;
ind the famoui Arundeiian marblef), at
Oxford, were brought from this place.

Paro.1, or Pnrechia, the capital of the
ide of Paros, and ii bidiop's Ue. It wan
oncethr largeft and molf powerful town
of the Cyclidei* ; but in greatly decayed.
The walla of the caftle are built of an-
cient pieces of marhle« and mod of tlie
columns au placed longwifej l()me of
them that ftand upright, fupport cor-
nices of ama/ing fize. The natives
build their houfes of marble, which they
find ready cut to their hands ; but they
take no care to place the pieces in a
regular manner; their fields likewife
are encloled with friezes, altars, and
baflbrelievos. 1'he inhabitants formerly
were great fculptora and ikilful archi-
te^s, but now arc mere carver* of mor-
tars and falt-cellars- Faros is fituate on
the w coaft of the ifland. Lon. 25 44
i.lat. 378N.

Parrast a town of New Spain, in
New Bifcay, in a beautiful fituation,
where a fpecies of wild vine is cultivated.
It ftands near a lake of the fame name,
76 m w Saltillo.

Parret, a river that rifes in the s part
of Somerfetfliire, receives the Ivel and
Thone, and enters the Briftol channel,
at Bridgwater bay.

ParraAtatta, a town of New S Wales,
with a church, court-houfe, and gaol }
feated near the head of the harbour of
Port Jackfon, 13 m w Sydney.

P»rtenkirch, a town of Bavaria, in
the county of Werdenfels, 20 m s by e
Weilheim.

Parthenay^ a town of France, in the
department of Two Sevres, with a con-
fiderable trade in cattle and corn ; feated
on the Thouc, aims Thours, and a8
NNE Niort.

Partoncraig, a fcrry-town of Scot-
^nd, in Fifelhire, near the mouth of the
triih of Tay, 9 m nnw St. Andrew.

PAS
Park, a town ""d fort of Brafll, la
the jiKiii.liction of Para. It in fituate
on the N lidc of the head of theefluary
of the Amazon, zoo m from the oceun.
Lon. 54 jc vv, I.it. I 50 %.

Pitrufianauu, a town of Hindooft.m,
ill MtUlMriCoiit-iining about 7:, ihoiifea
built of Hone, Ceaird near the mouth of
a river, la m s Calicut.

Piiri/s, a moimiain of Wales, on the
N<v CO tft of the iflc of .\iiglelea, l.imouA
for a copper mine, which is wrought
fimilar to .1 ftunc (juarry, open to day.
The quantity of iin- is proiligiDUs, and
the piirtft p.irt U exported raw to th«
I'melting works .it Swanlea and other
places ; the moft impure is deprived of
lis fu'phur on the fpot ; which Uilphur
is fublimed, -iiid afterward formeil into
rolls of biimdone Quantities of nearly-
pure copper are oblain( d from the wa-
ters lodged beneath the bed of ore, by
the intervention of iron. A lead orv,
rich in filver, is alf) found in this moun-
tain. The fmelting and b tiling houfes
are in the valley below, near the li:a;
and at AmUvich is a commodious haven
for vclTels employed in the copper and
brimfl -ne trade.

Pass a town of France, in the depart-
ment of P^s t'e Calais, la m sw Arras.
Pas de Calais t adepartment of France,
containing the late provinces of Artoi^
and Boulonnois. Arras is the capital.
Jpa/i, a town of Perfia, in Farfiftan,
80 ni ^E Shiras.

Puj.uare, or Patzqunro, a town of
New Spain, in Mcchoacan, celebrated
for containing the afhes of the famous
Vafco, firft bilhop of Mcchoacan, who
died ill 1356, and whom the indigenous
ftdl call their father. It ftands on the K
bank of a plitorcfque lake of the fame
name, 25 m wsw .^Jcihoacan.

Pafeqjualky a town of Hiiher Pome-
raiiia, near which are ionw iron-works.
It ftands on the Ucker, 28 in w Stettin.
Pa/qua, a town of New Spain, in the
province ofXaldco, fituate at the mouth
of a river, 100 m ssw Conipoftella.

Pafquiaro, a town of New Spain, in
New Bifciy, 70 m w by n Dunngo.

Pajdge, a feaport of Spain, in Bifcay,
with a caflle, and an excellent h.irbour.
It is feated on a gulf, between Fontara-
bia and St. Sebaftian, 4 m e of the latter.
PaJ'age, a town of Jamaica, with a
fort, at the mouth of t he Cobre, between
Port Royal and Spaniihtown, 7 m se of
the latter.

PaJJama^uodjf, a town of the diftriA
of Maine, in Wafhington county, on a
bay of the fame name, at the influx of
t'<e Cobfcook, ao m nkb Machias.
a N »

S.B ' a 'B^^^l

Ira

mwn

|«^

f.'

1

fl^^H '

i

i :

I f

I

:':li

V A9

P(tfi«, f^apt% .1 capr of lh«* kingdom
of Ouitu. Lon. io ,^0 w, Ut. o lo ».

raffrtro, ('<?/•» anciently cillnl P.u'lii*
niim, the H». poll t nf Sicily. Oil' ihii
cap*', (Ir CJcorgp BytiK, \\\ 17IJ1 (lff»'.it-
r<1 a Spiiiidi I'qii.ulron. 'I'hr I'.ipc it
rather a low pmnt, .uul fcpiiMtiil troin
ihe ill iiui l)y .1 narrow cliinncl i mut un
it there is a fort> Lon. 15 17 r.. lat. 36

40 N.

I'iij/'(tro<wilz, * town of European
Tiirkf-y, ill St-rvi 1, where a pme w:ii
C'Micliidi'd, ill 17181 Ik tWL'tfi) Ch.irlen vi
nnd At'timct 111. It ii litiiatc ne.ir the
Mdmv.i, 3.1 m K»r Heli?r.i(ie.

PaJlttruan, a town of J.iv.i, with a
tradt! in cotton and ricci jo m w Pana-
rucan.

Pnjjaiu a fortified city of Havariat ca-
pital of a principality (l.itc bi(liopric) j>f
thf fame name. Itll.mdaon thcD.iiiube,
whfie it receives tlie Inn and 11/; and
by tlu'fo rivero i» divided into four
parts; namely, PafTaii, Inlladt, lllladt,
Jind the fortified cafllc of OlK-riiaun, on
the mountain St. George. Pallauiiion thtr
s fide of the Danubci fcparated hy the
Inn on the k from InlUdt; thffotlu-r two
are oa the n fide of the Danube, patted
by the lla, and the forlrois is united to
PalFau by a bridge. This city is cele-
brated f«)r the tr<'aty, or religious peucc*
concluded here in 1552. In 1662. the
cathedral and greatelt part of the town
vrere confumed by tire, but they have
been handfbmely rebuilt. It \» 65 ni
K8E Ratifbon, and 135 w by n Vienna.
Lon. 13 ja t!, Ut. 48 ^4 n.

PaJJenhelni' a town of Pruflla, in the

province of Gocrland, 40 m s Heilflierg.

Pafft^nano, a town of Italy, in Peru-

ginoi on the n coall of tho lake Perugia,

17 m Nvv Peruj;ia.

PaJJ'o del Sorte, a town of New
Mexico, with a fortrefs. The environs
produce abundance of corn, wine, and
iruit, and feed g'eat nunibi-ru of Iheep
And cows. It d.'Jids vn the iighti)ank
of the iJio del Nuitc, near tl. borders
of New DIfc!!'/, 240 m n Chii 'jaliua,
and Z70S bt. Fe. Lon. 104 44 w, lat.
J2 14 N.

Pajfy, a villai^c of Fr.ince, in the de-
partment of Paris, rear tho town of St.
Deiiys. litre is a confidenble manu-
facfture for fpeeddy bleaching cottou
and linen cloth.

P/f.

t/lrt
le,

PAT

raneit a town of Spain, in Nrw
Callile, .)j m 1^. .Madrid.

l*4iluxonia, a country in the molt
r()Uthern part of 8 America, hotuiilr^i
on thr N by Paraguay and Chili, ainl
txtt-nding I team on the r itlrrn co.iitJ
from the river Plita to the llr.iiti of
Mageltan. The natives of Pataktonu
an- tall, Aout. and well rnadi', foinr ni
th< in lix I'l-et five inches in height i hur
thi'ir h inds and fert are remarkal>|^
finall. Their colour it a kind of hr(jnzf
'i'hcy are all painted nearly in the larnr
m.inni'r-, the circles rt)und the tworyd
are, fome white and red, and fomcrrj
and black. Their teeth are remarkably
white and well fct. They have noothtr
clothing tlnn Ikinx, which they wijr
with the hair inward ; and a pircr of
leather covers the private parts. Thii
country has no timber in the s p.irt!,
though the N containfl un imimnlr
(luantity, and numerous Hocks of cittlr.
'I'hc K coaft is generally low. The
principal harbour is that of port ti.
Julian.

Patak, a town of Hungary, withi
protcfiant college, fituatc on the L
torcza, a.; m lisi Caffovia.

Patana, a city and didriA of Myforr
See Sfrinffafutam-

Pntani, a town on the nr coaft of the
peninlula of Malaya, capital of a king-
dom of the fame name, with a wt ll-ilc-
fended harbour. The inhabitants have
fome trade with the Chinrfc. It is ^ct
m N by w Malacca. Lon. 100501,
lat. 7 5 N.

Patayt a town of France, in the dt-
partinent of Loirct, where the Eitjiliiii i
were defeated in 1439, by Juan of .Ait.
It is i5 m NwOrlean^.
PaUli \ fee Putala.
Ptihrno, a town of Sicily, in ValJi]
Di-niona, built on the ruins of HyL!i.
li) c Kbritcd for its honey. It is 15111
w Catania.

Pathhead, a vilj.ige of Sct)l)nni!, in
Fifelhirc, 2 m vv Dyliirt. It Imh loii;
been r,imoii$ for a ir..uuifa*5lute ni lui >,
and ntnv includes diflirenl braiiclus of |
wenyJDg woollen and linen.

l\,hnos, or I'ati/io, an illaiu! nf thel
Arc!iipcbpo, lying 26 m sof theiflfuM
Sanns. It is 20 in in circn''. and ons
of tiie niofl Isureii in the .Auhipi'liKo;
but famous for being the place whirc|

Pa/iot or St. Juan de Pojlo, a town of St. John coinpoi-ii the book ot Ucvtli

New Granada, in Popayan. Mere are
wooden manufaiJtun u, varniflied fn .in
to refemble japan, and highly edrcnu-d.
It ffands in a plain, at the fkiit of a
lofty mruntain, 120 m n by E Quito.
Lon. 77 6 w, lat. i 14 n.

ililccf

with I

tion. A few valncs only are cap
lume cullivatit-n; but it abounds
partridge-., rabbits, quails, lurtKs, p:-
ptfons, and fnipes. Jn the niidil of ilie
illand rifi.-s a mountain, teiininattd by
the convent of St. Jolin j the abbot oi

V*l' •

,ii(»r The hern
I iton t'le fide o

FAT

I vMch Id thf prlnn* of the country, nnd

p,ty«.i (crt'tin trilti.tr to the uraml t'ciK*

,;i„r The hermit 'Kfof the Apocalyplc

I lion thr Titlr i)t' the mountiin t)ciwevii

the convent anil thi* port ot* ScaU It

Icidi to the church of the ApotMlyple,

which Ik built nt;.iin(t u ^rttttu In .1

rxl^* |M)inteil out an the afyluni of St.

J.ihii, tlurlnjc hi* exile nt Patnios. The

inhjl)it.intfcnrf chiefly Hn'tk ChrilHan»,

iiiliir'4(>r Ihip builtlcri t and havf liimu

|ir.iii<' in cotton, nnd Iticking* of their

nwii maniif.iiitiire- Tin- women iin* ^r*

Irrrjlly (>rftty, hut they disfigure tlunw

lulvri by th«( excefiivc iilc of paint.

Il.iti ^^ 34 K, l:it ^^ 24 N.

iW«, tcityof Nipanl, jmasKofthr
L'lpit'tl, C.itm.indu, .'uul nc.ir the Hog-
Iiniitty, which flow* w Ix'twicn tin* two
LiMcH. It iH not (o l,ir);c as C.itmuMd.i,
Ihiit lit * ncHi-r town, andcontam:) foine
liiiii I'liiiie t-diflceH.

Piituii, a city nlllind lortan, r.ipit.d

Inf IMi If, f..'it«'il on the ri>!;ht bnnk of the

l(i*n){<t, oppi»liti* the inll IX of tlic fitin-

|(iuck,>niil firtifi>'d with a wall nndciiu-

|(|ii In till' cit.kdel were confiui-d the

Iprirmer* t.ikt-n in i;^»4, by Mcer Col-

ll'p, nal)i)b of niiiv'al. I)y wholi- oidcr

Vny Wvic 'nidrii r. d. The buildings ;iu;

Mill, but till' flru'ts ;tre n.uioiv. It is

ipl.iC'of coiilid' rible tradf, 400 m nw

;,ilciitt;i. I,on 8_so^,l•^l 2.5.15".

I'atrast a feiport of l.nropcan Tur-

Ity, in Slorea, and a Greek archtii*

lop's li f . The Jews, who arc one

lliirdof tlic inli.il)! ants, hffvc four fyna-

foijiifs, and tliero arc K-veial handfonne

iolqiie« and On-ek churches. The

brinclp^il artick's of tiadc arc filk, lea-

Iher, honey, wa\, manna, curr.ints,

pottippraitateK, tit "hs, ,,nd orainjis. It

Is leitted on tlw 'ide of a mountain, near

Ihc entranc. of jhe gulf of Icpanto,

Lm8w Lrp.uito. L'Mi. 21 45 k, lat.

\i 17 ^f.

Pi/r/Vi, a town of Naples, in Tirr.i
iLaior", near a lake of the lame name»
|jm NW NapM.

I'atrica, a town of Itrjly, in C.impag-
|idi Roiua, 13 m a Rome.

Patrick, St a town of the Rate of
Bforgij, chief of Camden county. It is
pati' (»n t/»p Great Sitilla, 30 m from
[s miuith, and 31 Nw of the port of
M.uy.

I'atrimony 0/ St. Ptter, a province
Htalyjin the Ecclcfialtical Siat*', 43 ra
[ngaml 30 broad ; bounded on the N
'Orvictto, E by UmbHa and Sabina,
[by Campagna di Romana. and sw by
■b. It is faid to lie io called, be-
hk it was granted by emperor Con-
Vntine, tu iupport a church he had

PA V

hnllt in lionuur ot St. Pctrf, atal for Die
uic of the pi>pe The country i» fcrtde
in Corn .md iiiiit, and produce* marh
alum. Vttcrtu) 11 the capit d.

I'atrhij^lon, a tov\n in V. Vorklltire,
with a uurkrt un Saturday, lieu lh«
Roman ru.id from the \\<U wall riutitl.
It ii fe.itid nt the itiunth of the ('ini-
l)er, ittn^ 1 ^r. Ilnll, and iHH n Loudon.

I'titjilikiut, a town ot Sdrfu, on the
rivrr NcilFi', ij m w N« ill't.

t'ntt/i, an ill aid on theco.ifl of Zin>
guebar, 10 m in circuit, at the in nth ut'
a rivr ofihe f.4me nante it u inhabit*
cd chiifty by Arabians, who trade in
ivory .4nd llavcn Lon 4^ o k, lat. i 561.

I rttltirt, .1 town .)f N.tpaiil, c iniain-
ing It-veral trmplci, and about 14,000
honfei. 10 m K^n Catmandu.

I'tittfn/fti, a town ol Lower Saxony,
in the piiiicip.dity of Calenberg, 7 in a
by I Hanover.

I'atti, a (i-aport of Sicily, in Val dl
Demon. I, and a bidiop's fee. Here ate
many ch'itcluH ai'<| lich convt-uts, aiul
a c nlidciable manuiat^tiire of e'rthen
ware. Four miicii to the Nf., on a tufty
r-ape, covered with white olive treeii,
.ire liime ruu)H (^f tin* once famous city
of Tindari. The town ii (e.i'cd on ihc
t{nlf of Patti, jS m w Mellina. Lou-
15 17 h, lal 3H V N.

Puttiarji, a town of liindooftaii, in the
country of Oude, 55 m nw CanogUi
and 55 KNE A^'ra.

P<///H«, .1 town ofllindoodm, capi-
tal of a circar of the f.tine name, in the
country of Gu/.erat. It is Icated on the
Surfwutty. 4H m N Amedabad. Lon.
7130 K.Iat. »3 45 N.

Patuxent, a n.ivigable river of Mary-
land, which riii's 10 m Kb of Walhington,
and flows intu the w fulc of Ciiefapealc
bay, 15 in N of the mouth of the Po-
tomac.

IKitzow, a town of Bohemia, in the
ciicle of Bcchiu, with a Camelite con-
vent and good cloth manutactures, 17 m
t 'i ibor.

Pau, a town of France, capital of the
department of Lower Pyrt-nees with a
cattle, where Henry iv wis born. It
was the ancient rcfjdtnce ot the kings
of Navarre; and before 'he rev lution,
the capital of Ream. Here are manu-
faduies of cloth, linen, Sc aj.d in the
environs arc vineyards. It it- ♦*^ted on
an eminence, tiy 'he rivtr I'au. 97 m 8
iiurdt'/tux. Lon. o 9 w, lat. 41; 15 w.

Paucartambot a town of Pc 11. in the
diocefe of C\il"co, on thr e fide of a riv::r
ot the fame name, 3^ ui r-NK i ulco.

Pavia, a city of Italy, in Milanefe,
and a bifhop'i fcC) with a celebrated

r^^'

■i t

I ! . ;'

I .! i*

rf I'r

PA V

«mlf*ff(lv, §nA I ciiiilcl. B<flHt the
i.'.iihr()r«i, ihrrf art t* chiirhn, and
tiiiiitrrou* cniivrnti. i hi> chief mtlclra
c)l coinmerfr arc cnrn, hrmp. ch»cl>.
anil wm»» F«>iir m from ln< rily ia
Ihr abhfy of ( hiuraviillr , crlihratnl fir
ii« mtfiuft riicc aiiii nth oriamrnta
p4«i4 na* rftrii brrn l^krn, thi* lift
time by thf Prrnch in lUoe It i« (• »t-
<il in it lit.iiititiil plain, on the Tini>"t
nr.ir iia cxnfiuK with Ihr Po. 44 m » by
• M't'in. Ion 9 I If r, lai. 45 13 M

Paul, Si. (in inaiid \ fee AmJIiriam.

PtVtt^Sl, » priivinccot Iiraiil,anil the
mod fdtithrrn on^, exffpt ih.ii of Rt-y
Th« capital, uf the r.im« name, waa
foundfil in i,s70i by fomr malelaAora
tntntportrd trnm Pnrtii);at. and beciine
a kind (It' iii(lc|)('ndi nt icpulilic, hut at
lad liibinittt'd tn (he Porlii)!iirlr. I he
city contain! tight churchr't and tlir
tiihabi(.int* are rftim.itid at i8,o''o. It
ia fttuate on an cminincr, amid rich
fncaduwi interfered by nvuie'it <;4 m
jiiw S'lntoa. Lon 46.S8 w, tui. t.^ 31 a.

Paul, Si. a tt>Mfn ot Francr, in the
dep.iitment of Pas de C'alaii, 18 m
WM7 Arraii.

/*«!./, .SV. .1 town of France, in the
alcp.irtmfiit uf Upper Vicnm*, 10 m ik
Limoges.

Paul, St. a town of France, In the
department of Gir, on thv river £gii,
]« m Nt U'/cii.

Ptiu/, St, a town of Fr^ince, in the
deparlmrnt of \'ar, 7 m w Niti".

Paul de I'tnouillediJt St. A town of
France, in the drpartmrnt of EaAcrn
Pynnre*. 18 m wnw Pi'ipit^nan

Ptiu/ (fe Lto/t, St. » town of France,
in the depaitmcnt ol Finiflirrc, on a
)>ay of the Englini cliaiml, ,)o m ve
Brcft. Lon. 4 o w, iat. 4H 41 n.

Pau/ de Oniajfurj, St. a town of
Amazonii, on the !» fide of th«' river
Ama/.on, and on theborderiof Piru.
Lon 69 10 w, l^t. ^ 10 s.

Paul 'J'roij Chateaux, St. a town of
Trance, in the departiiieiu of Drome,
on the fule uf u hilli 16 m s iMontc-
limar.

Paula, a town of Naples, in Calabria
Citra, featcd near the fea, 12 m wnw
Cofenza.

Pmulogad, a town of Riiflla, in the
fovrriimfnt of Catharint-nn f, 32 m t
CatharinenHaf- Loq. 35 54 k, lat- 47
10 N.

Paulvti/koi, a town of H 11 (Iia, in the
tovcrnment of Voronft/; ftatcd on a
high Tandy banic uf the Don, 98 m bs£
Voronetz

Pavoajan, the capital of the ide of
6ttThom4^. on the cuaA uf Gumca,

PAZ

and the fee of • bi(hop,wtlh 1 fort, lAd
a |0«mI hailxiur. it it iituatc undti itx
cqiialo'. in Ini.l^^a w

P»uja, a toMrn of Upper Saiony, In
V()i^ti<ind, 7 m NNW Pl4nrn

P,iujilii>f", a mnunMin % m w Napln,
ccltbrated lor a grKtlo. whiih ii a p4|.
liifr cut thriiugh the mountain ue^r «
nltc In length, «e fed in hreadih, 4r4
jO in height People ot f^Onon frif.
rally drivr ihrnntih ihi» pitfTligr ««iih
torchr»| but ly country people fin<l
their way by ine lijjht which entiri
at tlie eslremitieit and at two luilri
pierced through lh«' mountain, near ihr
middle of the ijrutto On the tcip m
ihia mountain i« the tomb ol Virfil,
and the N and 1 fldc* aic covered with
villa* and )rarden«.

Pauzi, a tjwn of W Prunia, in Pd.
merelia, near the w coaft of the gulfuf
Dantzic, 15 m mw iJamzic.

Paiuluxrt. a t«iwn of Khode Iflard,
in ProvuJeiu'C county, fltuate on both
fidcB of a river of (he lame name, at itt
entrance into Providence river, 5ml
Providence

Paxu, an idand in the MediterraiKio
fea, I < m in circuit, a litile to the > of I
thai or Corfu. It Ih part of the lepubiic
of Scvi-ii IdandH, and pri<duc«'» winr,
oil, and almondii. San Nicoto u th«
only town, and haa a good haibuur.l
Lon. to 0 K, fat. 59 ii m.

Pat/emet a town of SwifTrrLind, i;t|
the canton of Bern, un the river Druyr,
22 m s^v Ikrn.

Pajmogo, a town of Spain, in Anda-
Infia, near the river Chanza and lrun.|
titri of I'oitugal. 4^ m n by t Aya>
monie, and 73 nw Seville.

Puyi d^ laud, a m-w canton of Swii-
ferlaiid, extending along (he lake of G^|
iicva, and rifing gradually from the cJ^tl
of that lake. 1 hir diflri^ wastoimrrljfl
under the dominion of the cant< n ofj
Bern. It it richly laid out in vintyardi,|
corn-fieldR, and nicadowH, and cht(|u(r>|
ed with many village!! and towns. uu<|
fanne ii ih< capital.

Paz, a city of ^■eru, capital of aprol
vincL' of it I name, in the audictice of I
Chai'cas, and a biihop's ft-e. B« fide ittl
catriedral, it containo four chuiclitiaol
liofpital, a college, .nnd fevPralcinvfiiliT
It in featt d at the foot of a mounts n.ioj
a valley abounding in wine and fruitJ
aao m Nw Plata. Lon. 68 15 w, U|
»7 .=}o s. ,

Paz, a town of Nrw Spam, in >H
choacan, the capital of a diltridtabouoJf

iug in ma'/e and vines. It is 130 m i**!

Mexico. Lon. ico aU w, lal. so^*!

Pazzj^, a town of European wl

,wtth • fort, iM
iltkulc uiiilt r ih(

ITpprr Saiony, In

tin ! m «• N«pl",
o. whuh ii t pji-
mutiutaln ut->r *
(t In tirradih, ii\i
Ir «)l f«fliM)n ffi f-
ihil puflfkyr «iith
iintry pcuple Anti
liht which cntrii
ind at two luiln
nuuiiuin. ixar ihf
>. On (he tip lit
t tomb of Vir|il,
• Ate covered wnli

W PruflTn, in P*

c().tft ol thr guiftif

)anizic.

I of Khoilr in^nd,

ly, fituutt on both

c lamf name, at iii

Jeiice rivei, 5 mi

the Mctlitcrraiion
, a litilf to tlif >o(j
part of the irpnbk
nd prt'tluc<» wiiif,

San N'colo i» thH
» a good hatbotir. I

of Swi(Tirl.ind, ml
on tbt river Droyf,

of Spain, in Andi-
r Chaiiza and Itun.
i m N by t Ayj-
Seville.

ifw canton of Swi:-
long ihc lake of G^|
iludlly from the (d|!«l
diftriil wastoimtflifl
11 of thf cant' II ofl
aid out invinyardi,!
adowB, and chtQiifl-r
cbaudtownj. UJ

'Ml, capital ofaprol

in the audictice ofl

p'h fee. R« lide ibel

Ob four chuicbti mI

niidfeveralcfnvtiiti.|

jot of anioiiiit.in.iol

in wine and frunJ

Lon. 68 ij w, Ul

N<w Spain, in M
lofadiltrittabouinl-l

nts. It is i3oni'*«j

, a8 w, lat. io«»[

of European Twl

rv.v.

Icyi In Romania, and a btdiop'i i'««i I
M tw Oallipuli.

Ptrtt, A motintalnoua diftriA In tht
vw pirl of 0«'rby(hlrc, whuh .ilMumdl
In lead. iron, millft-mri, m^rhk, aluiMl-
ler. coal, and 4 co4rfe Ion of crvUala.
|( it miicK viAti*d on act <iunt of lu «i*
traordiiiary en^rtut, |>rrfor.iiion«, and
(Uiici turiofliift Th*" * Wonder* of
the Pcik' have Hero crlrl)r4l«il l>oth in
profe and vcif. ( 4nd tliry are noticed
in thi* work under thi* Rrticl«>t Buxton,
Ca^leton. Chatfworth, and Tidrfwrll.

y^mn JjlttnJj, ill indi« iviog in the tiay
of Pjnai-tn. Thi> inhabUantt of Pana-
ma h.«vc i>iant;ition« on them

Pt<hl»rn, a town of Aulltia, on th(>
right b.iiill of th<* Daniiltr Th** river
ii n ry wide \ and herr the Komani, who
failed it Pr«cl.ira, h«id a harbour for
thfir navy. It ii 14 m w 8t. Foltcn.
aii(l4H ■ l.intr..

Ptrr]ufHt$ur, a town of Friincp. In the
drptrlment of Nord, featcd on th«
8carp«", 5 m B Doiiiy

Ptdff, A rivi'r of thr United St.»tri,
which rifftt in N Citrolini, loul it there
call''d the Y.idkin : on cntcnnK 8 Ca-
rolina, it taki'H th»' name ..f Pcdi-e, and

flow* into VV'ynyaw h.i y, .if OcorK* town.

)f ItJ
m IK Capo d'lftria.

i'tJeniit a town of Italy, in lllria, a5

Ptderneira, .1 town of Portug.»l, in
Eilremadura, on the rcacoaft, 3,:) m sw
Li'iru.

iW<r, a town of SumatrD, on the n
eoaft, 40 m esk Achecu. Lon. 96 j6 1,
lat. 5 12 N.

Pedraza, a town of Spnin. in Old
Caftitc, with a calUe- It it the birth-
pLicc of emperor Trajan, and Hands on
thfCfga, near its fource, aj m kl So-
fovit.

Ptdr$t Pointt the mofl northern poin.
of Ctylon, oppofite Point C'alymere on
the continent of Iliiidoollan- Lbn. Ho
»7 *, lat. 9 s%*t.

Ptdro, St a feaport of Brafil, and
the principal town in the province of
Key. It haH a larg(.> harbour, or lake, at
the month of a river of ihe fame name,
which hat fometimps the prefix of Riu
(iranile, and is defended by many forts,
fome of which are upon illets. The
vicinity is extremely populous, and
hfncc great qu-inlities of corn, hides,
and ilrit-d beet are exported. Lon 523
w, lat. 3a 20 s.

Pedro, St. one of the iflands in the
Pacific ocean, cilKd Marquelas. Lon.
'385' vv, lat.9 58 8.

Peebles, a borough of Scotland, capi-
tal of Peeblesfliire, featedon the Tweed,
•TV which U «n elegant bridge It baa

p r. o

manufaAuret of carptii and (efgu. «n4
it notrd (w I icrllrnt tx-rr. On • pio*
|''e)in| rock, near the Tweed, (land*
Nidp.tth taftlr \ *niX nil an eminence on
the r liuuU llorl< bury caltk. Prcliica
cuniaincd lolfl inhabitants in iHoi, and
a4l$ in till. Ilia IS m a Edmburg.
Lon. f 7 w, lat <5 40 m.

Pnhlnjhtrt, % county of Scotland. 39
m long .iiid n hnad t b«>unded on
the N by Edinburgfhir<', 1 by 8«lkirk«
(hire, n hy Dumtriettkirc. and w by
l.iiorkdurr It it divided into 16 ua*
rilhcn, und lendt a member to purlia*
mrnt The number of inhabitants wai
il7t^ in iMoi,and«9tt in ilif . In thia
county their it not much arable Und.
The hilU (.imong which aie thofr of
Twerdfmuir; abound with (atubrious
rpringi, and feed numbers of (beep and
cattle. The principal rivers are th«
Tweed and Lync \ the former divides
the county nearly into twocqiiil pirtSi
and hence it ii fometimes called Twee*
dale

Peek/iill. a town of New York, In W
< heller county, on the n flde of a creek
of the fame name, 5 m from its en*
tr.inc>- into Iludfon riveri and 50 K
New York.

Peel, a town on the w coaft of the
ilU' of Man, (itu.ite on a fpaciout b-if.
At the » extremity of the bay it Peel
ifle, a rock of great mignitude and
height, on the fummit of which it a
caftle. and the cathedral of the iflt (very
ruinouH) dcdic.ited to St. Germain, the
Hrll billiop. who lived in the fifth ecu*
tury. The town is much decayed, and
the inhal)itants an* indulcni and poor.
It is to m wNW Douglas. Lon. 4 40 w,
lat. 54 13 N.

Peer, a town of the Netherlands, in
the territory of Liege. 24 m knw
Maellricht.

Peettr, a river of Germany, which
ifTucs from (()rae lakes in Mecklenburg,
flows through Hither Pomerania to the
wrftern branch of the Oder, which is
thence called Peeno, and runt by Wol-
gad into the Baltic Tea, at Peenrmunde-
In the latter part of its courfe it fepa-
rates Hither and Farther Pomerania.

Peenemunde, \ town and fort of Fur-
ther Pomerania. in the ifli? of Ufcdom,
and the refidencc of the governor of
the iOand. It commands the entrance
and mouth of the Pecnc, near whioh it
Hands, 6 m n by k Wolgaft. Lon. 13
35 R, lat. 548 N.

Pegan, a towrn of Upper Saxony, in
Miihia, fituate on the Elfter, lo m ssw
Leipzic.

Ptgau^ a town of Germany, in Stiriiii

I.

\ I

\

V

\

' 'i

'\%

4

'•

ii

^

|b

■[*

v^

\

r

\

«

li^

1

m

'\-

ifti.

!

^

;• .1 'i '•

; i" !

PEG

near whicliarc tonlidenlilc lead mines.
It i» IVaicd n<'ar Ihc Mucr, 9 in nkw
Grafz.

Prgna (If i'laniifj, a town of Spain,
in Li.(.n, 27 in ssk C;iu1:\(l Rudiitro.

P:sr„.,jitl, a town ot Sp:ii;i, in I. ton,
with .1 p.ilacf, and a (Ikmih i-aftlc- It is
i'eaU'd at lh<' foot «)f a nv.xintain, near
tlic Doiiro, 38 m t St. V.iiladolid. Lon.
^ ; w, Int. 41 3.^ N.

Pff^iiafirme, a town of Portiipa', in
Eiticmailiiri, at tl;c mouth of ll.tMon-
gtila, 36 m NN^-. IJIbon.

/•'f_i;';/rj//or, ,T town i)t Spain, in A ft mi is,
fiated 01. ihf Pr:<vi.i, 8 m nw Ovirdo.

Pej(noJi<ir. a town of Spain, in Aniia-
lufia, feattd on the Guadalquivcr, 48 m
Kt Se villi'.

Pei^iiagorclat a town of Portngal, In
Bc-Ta, i-n tli( frontiers of Spain, 36 ni e
Cartel Bianc'j

Ptsrnamacor, a fortified town of Por-
tURal, in Beira, with a c Hit* on the
frontiers of Sp;iin, 31 m ene ('allcl
Braiico. Lon. 652 V*. jat 40 6 -V.

Pt\^f,amnda,:i tcwn of Spai:). in Old
C?lti!.-. -!i m ssE Burgos. — Another, 3;^
xn •> w Aviia

Pesritx., a town o*" Franc nia, in the
princip. lity of liayicutn, on a river of
the fame name, near iti fource, j o m s
Bayreuth.

Pegnch di P'elez, a fcapoit and for-
trcfa of the kingdom of Fez, feated on
a rock in the Meditcrrrinpan, ne;;r tlio
town of Velez. It was built by the
Spaniards in ii^cB. taken by the Moors
in 1512, and retaken in 1664- It is 73 m
SE Couta. Lon, 4 16 vv, lat. 35 la n.

Pr_'u, a kingdom of Afia, bounded
on the N by iiitmth, w and s by the
bay of Bengal, and e by Siam It is
■very fruitful in corn, roots, pulfe, and
fruit ; and the other produds are teak,
elephantg, elephants teeth, bees wax,
lac, lalipetre. iton, lead, tin, petro-
leum, very fine rubies, fmall diamonds,
and plenty of lesd, of which they make
their money. The inhabitant & are but
thinly clad, and the belt among them
wear neither fhoes nor (lockings- The
women are mu. h fairer ti.an the men,
fmall, but v\eii piopoitioncd. Ifthewife
proves falfe, the tinfband may fell her
for a nave- There are a vaft number
of ttmples in this country, moftly of
'prood, vavniHied and gilt. The pri« fts
have ground allowed them, which they
cultivate for their fnbfiftence : they are
called Talapoins, and inculcate chatity
as thehightff virtue ; affirming that re-
ligion to be the bf It vtfbich teaches men
to do the n.cft good. They have idols
|p their U|Rpics> in » fittLif pottufe,

PEI

crofs-legged, and with very larpe earc.
Thty have various forts of muiic, but
tlic pipe and tabor are ttU'emed the
belt, in the low flat part of the coun-
try which is liable t'- hs overflowed,
the honfes are hiult upon Hakes, and in
time of inundations, th- inhib'tanti
comn.unicate with cacli other liy boats.
Pigu was long an indipeniknt king-
dom, and in 1752. cotKine ed the king-
dom »»f Birm.ih ; but .Mompra, uliotn
tlif king of Pe/u had continued as thief
at Mon^-haboii, foon afieiward revolt-
ed, and in 173;, rctluced Pegu to a de-
pendent province on Biim di-

Pegu, a city of the kingdom of the
fame name, eri(5trd en the file of the
former city, wh ih w-ts ruined, in 1757,
by the king of Brmah. 'l"hc aneant
c ty was a quadran/,le, each fuU- ir.ra-
furing ne.irly a n.ilc and nali, and lur-
rounded by (Iron), walls aiul othtr forti-
fications, now in ruiti.s. The piefent
city occupies about one-fourth of tlic
forn^er area. On the n and k. fides it
borders on the old wall, and is fenced
rout'd by a lloel< de. Here is a grand
temp'e, wtiith ha.s been r.ewlj tnibel-
hihtd- i lie king of llirmah has htre a
viceroy, who rcfides in the fort. It is
li.Mtid on a river of the fame name, 300
m s U I'.r.ierapoora. Lou. 96 11 e, lut.
1 7 40 N .

Pti-ho, or Jfhtte-rtvery a river of
China, in Pc-lchch which pafies near
Pi-kn)g, and by the citie- of Tong-
ichi-u and Tien-fing, inti) the Ytllow
li;a. Th»; tide (lows no m, and fre-
quently fubmerges the flat country on
its banks.

Peina, a town of Lower Snxony, in
the principality of Hi.deflieim, with a
palace and a capuchin convent. It was
foimerly deemed a fortrefs. and ftanda
in a mai'lhy country, on the river Fufe,
16 m w Brunl'vvick.

Pfipus, or TchtiJjloi, a large lake of
RufTia, between the governments of
Peteifburg and Riga. The river Narova
IfTues from this lake, by which it has 3
communication, at Narva, with the
gulf of Finland.

Peijhore, or Pijljour, a town of Can-
dahar, in the province of Cabyl, 55 m
NNW Attnck, and 95 ssE Ca')ul.

Peijkrftjcham, a town of {Lilefia, in
the principality of Oppeln, 30 m se
Oppeln.

Peitz, a tovim of Brandenburg, in the
Ucker mark. It has manufaiilures 01
cloth and yarn ; and in the neighbour-
hood are iron-works. It (Haflds on the
Maukle, which runs into the Spree, 10
ra »»£ CotbWi »ini 37 s«is FraoWort,

r 'w

:ry larpe eari,
ot" mulic, but

trti't-med the
t of tli>; C(nm-
)C oviMfl'iweil,

llaki's, and in
h - inhabitanti
otliev l>y biuts.
pcrii'ciU kiiig-
[10 ed the king-
lompra, whom
itiiiued as cliief
iciward revolt-
] Pfk-u to a de-
m \h-
;ingdom of tlic

tbe file of the

ruined, in ir57»

The .■nicicnt

each fuH' i"''.i-
il hall', and I'ur-
iatulothtr birti-
u Tlu' piiii-nt
u'-fourtb of tlic
■J and K fidcsi it
II, and is finctd

Here is a ijrand
i;n r.cwl^ tmbel-
irmah bar. htre a
1 tbe fort. It is

fame name, 300
Lou. 96 II K, lut.

kier, a river of

hich p:\fles near
citic of 'I'nng-
inti.) the Yellow
no m, and fre-
le flat country on

lower Snxony, in

(iiflieim, with a

leonvent. 1' was

tiefs. and ftanda

n the river Fufe»

^, a large lake of
liovernmcnts of
Mie river Narova

Ly which it has 3,
larva, with the

a town of Can-
of Cab'il, 55 ""
IssE Ca')ul.
w of eilefia, in
[ppeln, 30 m sb

jndeiibuvg, In the
irianiifaaures 01

ri the neighbour-
It flattids on the

ito the Spree, 10

57 s'srBranlrfo'^i

r E K PEL

Peking, the capital of the empire of llttlft ftrecvs have lattice pitcs at their

China, in the pmviiiCL of Pc-tchc-li.
Its nail'- Ii;^r.ilic3 the Nortlu-ni Court,
to dilHiij?ui(li it from Nan-king, tbe
Southern Court, where the empiTor
t'onncily relidi-d. This capital tomns
an oblonj: iquare, a' d is divided into
two citif's ; one inh.ibited by Chiin-rc,
the other by Tart irs. Thcle two cities,
oxchilive of (he fuburbs, are iicirly 14
• in in civc.iit. The walls are a8 feet
high, i\ tnick at the bafe, and 12 at
the top ; and there are fpaci»nis towers
at 70 feet diftince from each other.
The gate* ire liigh, and well arched,
fiippoitiiig buililiiigs of nine (lories
hint) ; the biwefl: of which is for the
fokhers when they come ofi" guard :
thiy are nine in number, three in the
s wall, and in each of the other fides
two. The middle gate, on the 9 lide,
op'Jiis into the Tartar, or imperial city,
wiiich 18 a fpace within the general en-
clolure, about a mile from n to s, and
three-fourths of a mile from E to w,
with a rivulet winding through it. A
wall of laigc red pobihed bricks, i6
feet high, covered with a roof of tiles
painted yellow and varBi(bcd,furrouiids
this fpace, in which are contained the
imperial palace ih.l gardens, the public
offices, lodgings for the miniflers, the
emuiciis, artificers, and tradefmen be-
longing to the court. Between the
otiier two gates in the s wall, and the
cppoiite ones on the n fide of the city,
run two (traight (treets, each 4 m long
and no feet wide One ftreet of the
fame widJi runs trom one of the eaftcrn
to the correipor.ding vveftern ^,ate, but
the other is interrupted by the impu-
rial City, round the walls of which it
is carried. The other ftrerts branch
from thele main ftreets at right angles,
and are very narrow. The houfes have
no windows nor openingo to the (Ireet,
except the great Ibops ; moll of them
are poorly built, and have only a
ground floor. It is aftonifliing to fee
the concourfe of people that are in the
main ftreets, yet not one Chinefe wo-
man among them, and the confufion
occafioned by the number of hories,
camels, mules, afles, wagons, carts, and
chairs ,' without reckoning the fcveral
mobs which gather about the juggler?,
ballad-fingers, &c. Perfons of diftinc-
tion have always a horfeman to go be-
fore them and clear the way. All the
great ftreets are guarded by foldiers,
who patrole night and day with fwords
by their fide^, and whips in their hands,
to chaftife thofe who make any <lifturb-
ance, ©r take them into cuftody. The

entrance into tbe great ftrtcts, which
are Ibut up at niglit, and guarded by
foMitrs, who fuffer no afTi-mblies in the
(Iri'ets at that time. The emperor'a
palace and garden occupies two-thirds
of the Tartar city, and are furrotmded
by a brick wall, z m in length, witii pa-
vilions at each corner cncompafled by
gallerieb fiipported by columns. The
architei!l>Me of the llupcudous pile of
buildings of which the palace confifts,
is entirely difTcrnu from that of the Hu-
ropeans ; and they are covered with tiles
of a fhining beautiful yellow. The tem-
ples and tbe towiMs of Peking arc lo nu-
merous thit it is difficult to count
them. Frovifions of all kinds arc ex-
ceedingly plentiful, they being, as well
as the nietclnn<li!e, broiight from all
parts by canuh fiom tbe rivers, and al-
ways crowded with vefTels of different
fizes ; and within the walls are fcveral
acres of land under cultivation. An
earthquake, that happened here, in
1731, buried above 100 CO) pe fons in
the ruins of the houfes. Tiie inhabit-
ants are eftimated at 2,000.000. A
Ruflian church is eftablifiied here, with
a feminary, in which the ftuilents are
permitted to nfide for the purpofe of
learning the Chinefe language. Since
this eftublilbment, many iniereftingpub-
lications have appeared at Ptterlburg,
relative to the laws, hiftory, and geo-
graphy of China, tranflated from the
originals publifhed at Peking. This
city ftands in a fertile plain, 60 m s of
the great wall. Lou. 116 27 e, lat. 39
54 N.

Pe/aqniji, an idatid in the Grecian
Archipelago, about a m in circuit. Lon.
24 12 t.. lat. 39 J ■ N-

Pclegrino, a ni nmtain on the N coafl:
of bicily, nearly 2 m w of Palermo. On
this mount is a cavern, in which is the
image of St. Rofolia, whois faid to have
died here ; and roimd the cave of this
faint (who is the patronefs of Palermo)
a church is built, where priefts attend,
to watch tbe precious reiic, and re-
ceive the offerings of th*^ pilgrims.

Pelenu Ijlands, or PaUios, a group of
ifiands in the Pacific ocean, lying be-
tween 134 and 136 E Ion and 6 and 8
N lat. J hey .ire encire ed on the w
fide by a reef of coral ; and 'he names
of fome of the prineipa' a\-- Orooioi.p
Emungs,Emillegue, ArtitigaljCotoor; a,
and Pelclew. Thi y are w(«ll covered
with trees of various kinds and fizes;
and every part of that called Corooiaa,
to which Pelcw appeared to be the ca-
pital, iieemed to bear the marks of in-

hm

f'%

PEL

diidry and good cultivation. Captain
Wilfon, of the AnttIop«* E India packet,
U'ho was wrecked here in 1783, found
the natives (imple in tht'ir manners, de-
Jicate in their fentimenfs, friendly in
their dilpofition, and, in fVnc, a people
that do honour to the human race.
The aftoniftiment which thofe, who
firft dilcovered the Englifli, manifellcd
on feeing their colour, plainly Ihowed,
that they had never before feen a white
man. They had no Idea of the nature
of powder and (hot, and were am^tzed
on Iceirg its eflfedts. Their principal
arms conflil of bamboo darts, from five
to*1*ight feet long, pointed witli the
wood of the betel nut tree; but there
Jire fliort ones for different marks, which
arc thrown by means of a ftick two feet
long. The chiefs wear a bone round
one of their wnfts, which, being a mark
of honour crvilerred by the king, is ne-
^er to be parted with but with life.
Tht'y are not all of the fame degree ;
and captain Wilfon was invelled with
one of the hijiheft order. With rcfpedt
♦o property in thefe iflands, a man's
aoufe or canoe isconfidercd as his own,
and alfo the land allotted to him, as
long as he occupies and cultivates it;
but whenever he removes to another

?lace, the ground reverts to the king,
he natives make canoes out of the
trunks of trees, ft)me large enough to
carry 30 men. Yjms and cocoa-nuts
are their chief articles of fubfifteuce,
and the milk of the latter is their com-
mon drink. On particular occalions,
they add to their ordinary fare certain
fvveetmeats, and a fweet beverage, ob-
tained by the aid of a fyrup, extra^ed
either from the palm-tree or the fugar-
cane. The houfes are raifed about
three feet from the ground, the found-
ation beams being laid on large (tones,
whence fpring the upright fupports of
their fides, which are croflld by other
timbers grooved together, and faftened
by wooden pins ; the intermediate fpace,
and the roof, being clofely filled up with
bamboos and palm-tree leaves, flatted
together: the infide is without any di-
vifion, forming one great room. The
domcftic implements are little balkets,
nicely woven from flips of the p'antain-
tric, and wooden balkets with covers,
neatly carved and inlaid with (hells.
No one goes abroad without a balket,
which ufually contains fome betel-nut,
a comb, knife, and a little twine. The
beft knives are made of a piece of the
large mother-of-pearl oyfter, ground
narrow, and the outward fide a little
polifhed. The combs are made of the
brange-treej of which there are a few

PEL

of the Seville kind ; the handle and
trelh arc faftened in the folid wood.
The fifhiiig-hooks arc of tortoifc-fhell ;
and twine, cord, and finiing-nets. are
well manufadlnred from the hufks of
the cocoanu;.. Of the plantain leaf
are formed mats, which ferve J he peo-
ple as beds. They .nlfo ufe a plantain
leaf at meals, infteiid of a plate ; and
the (hell of a cocoa-nut iiippliet< the
place of a cup. There are vcflels of a
kind of earthen ware, of a reddifh
brown colour, in whieh they boil their
fi(hi yams, &c. A hiindle of cocoa-
nut hiidts fcives them tor a broom;
and thicii b.mib'>(»rt with boie.H live
inches in diameter, are their buckets or
cifterns. The (hell of the tortoile ig
hire remarkal)ly beautifu'; and the na-
tive;} have the art of n.oulding it into
little trays or difhe.^, and fpoonn. Som>>
of the great ladies have alio bracelets of
the fame manufa<5lure, and earrin^^s in-
laid with (hells ThePtlcwans, in ge-
neral, are llout and well made, rather
above the middle ftaturc, and ot a deep
copper colour. Their hair is. long, and
g'-nerally formed into one large looli!
curl round their heads. The men are
entin-ly naked; but the woiten wear
two little aprons, one before, the other
behind. Bodi fexesare tattowed. hare
their teeth made black by art, and the
cartilage between the noftrils bored,
through which they frequently put a
fprig or blofTom of fome plant or (hrub.
The men have the left ear bor^d, and
the women both ; a few of the firft wear
beads in the perforated tar, the latter
either put fome leaf through, or an ear-
ring of tortoife-(hell inlaid. Both fexet
are expert at fwimming ; and the men
are admirable divers. Abba Thullc,
the king of the ifland, entertained fuch
an opinion of the Englith, that he ptr*
mitted his fecond fun, Lee lioo, to ac-
company them to England, where they
arrived in 1784. In a few months after
this hopeful youth died of the finallpox,
and the E India Company ercdlcd a mo-
nument over his grave in Rotherhithc
churchyard. The E India Company,
fenfible that there remained obligations
for them to fulfil, equipped two vclTeli
at Bombay, under the commard of cap-
tain Ai'Cluer, which arrived at thefe
idands in January 1791. A joyful and
afTefting interview look place between
the Eng!i(h and the Pclewans; and
Abba Ihulle bore the intelligence of
the deatli ot Lee Boo with great forti-
tude- When the prcfents were landed,
coniifttng of cattle, (heep, goats, pigs»
&c. together with arms, grindftoneg,
(hovels, (awsy and other utenfils, the

PEM

multitude were (truck with amazement;
the king himfelf was at a lofs how to
cxprcfs his gratitude* and, In retiirn»
madf a prcfent of one of the iflandsto
the Enghlh, which waa taken pofTrflion
of with the ufual formalities. Captuiii
.M'CiuLT leaving one fhip behind to fu-
pcrintcnd the gardens, plantations, and
live (lock, proccrded with the other to
Cant) n ; Come of the natives voluntarily
accompanying him. He returned to
Pclcw in June ; but thinking his bene-
volent mi(riori not yet completed, he
failed with both (hips to New Guinea
and Bcncooli-n, and returned again in
January 1793, with two full cargoe: of
cattle and (lores. During his at)friice
Abba ThuUe had died, and his brother
had i'ucceeded to the fovereignty. Tlie
munificent gratitude of the ii- India
Company has been attended with com-
plete fucce(i'; the live ftock having
{rrcatly multiplied, and the rice produc-
ing two abundant crops every year. A
(inall trade is now carried on occafion-
ally by the Englifti, between Pjjew and
China.

Pelijj'ane, a town of France, in the
department of Mouths of the Rhone, 15
m wNw Aix.

PeUerin% a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Loire, fituatc on the
Loirt^, with a harbour tor fmall vefTels,
10 m N Nantes, and ij se P.iinboeuf.

Pemba> an ifland in the Indian ocean,
neartbe coaft of Zanguebar, about 100
m in circuit, governed by a king, tribu-
tary to the Purtuguefe. Lon. 41 10 e,
lat. 4 "^o s.

Pemba, a town of the kingdom of
Congo, capital of a province of the fame
name. It is feated on the Loze, 90 m
ssE St. Salvador. Lon. 14 40 e, lat.

6458-

Pembridffe, a town m Hereford (hire,
vrhofe market is now dilufvd. It has a
manufadture of woollen cloth, and is
feated on the Arrow, 7 m w Leominder,
and 144 WNW London.

Pembroke^ '-^ tjwn of MaflTachufets,
in Plymouth county, fituate on North
river, remarkable for its depth of water,
though in fome places not more than 50
feet wide. VeflTcls of 300 ton» are built

PEN

neighbouring limeftont* quarries. It it
furrounded by a wall (pirt in ruins)
,with three gates, has a c^dle on a rock,
in which Henry vii wis horn, and
three churches- The n 'mbtr of in-
habitants was 1842 in 1801, and 3415
in 181 1. It is ID m 8 by E Haverford-
WL-d, and 363 w by N London. Lon.
4 48 w, lat. 51 43 N.

Pembrokejhird, a county of Wales, fur-
rounded on all fides by the (ea, except
on the E, where it is bounded by Car-
marihenlhire and Cardigan(hirp. It is
37 m. long and a8 broad, containing
368,000 acres, is divided into fevcn
hundreds, and 14a parirttes; haf'one
city and Itven market-towns; and fends
three members to pailiamcnt. ITie
number of inhabitants was ;6,s8o in
]8oi, and 60,615 in 181 1. The rivers
are inconfiderable. A great part of
the county is plain, and tolerably fer-
tile, coiifi(ling of rich meadow and ara-
ble lan«l. The ne part alone is moun-
tainous ; which, however, yields good
ptdure for (heep. and cattle. The af-
'nzes are held at Haverfordwed.

Penan;^ ; fee Prince of JVales Jjland.

Penautier, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Aude, 4 m N 'CarcaflTonne.

Pendennisy a cadle in Cornwall, on a
hill of the fame name, on Falmouth bay.
It was built by Henry viii for the (e-
curity of the coad ; and on the oppofite
fide of the bay is another called St.
Maws. It is a little to the se of Fal-
mouth, the harbour of which it defends.

Pendleton, a large village in Lanca-
iliire, 2 m N w Mancheder, employed in
the trade and manufactures of the va>
rious Mancheder goods.

Pentlla, a town of Portugal, in Beira*
on the river Efa, 24 m sse Coimbra.

Pengef>ur\ fee Punjgoor.

Penichet a drong feaport of Portugal,
in Edremadura, with a good harbour
and a citadel ; feated on a peninlula,
48 m N by w Lifbon. Lon. 9 za w,
lat. 39 22 N.

Penigf a town and cadle of Upper
Saxony, in Mifnia, with a manufadure
of woollen ftufFs and pottery ; feated
on the Mulda, 11 m nw Chemnitz.

Penifco/a, a town of Spain, in Valen*
here, and defcend to Ma(racbufets bay. cia, with an old cadle and a drong fort;

It is 18 m from the (i:a, and si sse
Bodon.

Pembroke, a borough of Wales, ca-
pital of Pcmbrokefliire, governed by a
mayor, with a market on Wedneiday
and Saturday. It dands at the e extre-
mity of a creek of Milfc.d-haven, over
which are two bridges, but the harbour
ii !je(;ome injured by the rubbiih of the

feated on a high point of land, fur.
rounded on three fides by the Tea, and
of difBcult acceis by land. It is 30 nt
s by w Tortofa, and go nne Valencia.
Lon. o 24 E, lat. 40 24 N.

Penijhehr, a town of Candahar, in the
country of Cabul, 46 m n Cabiil.

Penijioney a town in Yorkdiire, with
a market «d Thurfday, feated on the

ib^i •' <

u'^'"

r F, N

Doni T,^ tn S3K Uuddorsficlcl, .-wd iy6
auw London.

PfnUtrids^f, a t"wn in Staftbrdfliirf,
with a market on Tiufd.iy, fcatcd on
th. Prnk, 6 m s Stafloid, anu 129 Nw
London.

Ptnium, a town of Hither Pomcrania,
featcil on a la*;«», 15 m sw Stettin.

P^nntaenma-ivr^^i inoiinlain if Walts,
in Cani.iivoiifliire, ovflHiiginj; thi- lira.
It K 4 ni >v by 8 AUrconvvav ; and
a) ' j; its !ide th»; 1 >ad to llolyhrad
is '. -rrii . oil irch' "^ nearly 300 tVct
k ' c fca. 'I'lie

feet y'_i,\c the kvl 0
tl'C .ill niit are the ;

fOilil.

ft0M( ,

rifts III

d'C't ',

'ons, coiifliu

"untain is 1540
'f foa ; and on
H'- nf' extcnfive

cd of unhewn

• itho'it i.Tf tar.

/•, a river oi 1. . dooftan, which
.Viyfove, flows y G.joiy, Gin-
, Cuddapah, iid Vcllorc, uid
tnt'i? th ') Y of Ben^sal, at Gan)'.ip,'it-
n.mi.

Pcnnarandii, ^ town of Sp?.:. .n Old
Caflile. on the Uuiders of Leon, 34 ni
Nw Avi!a.

Pennon de FflfZ ; fcc Pegnon-
Pennjylvaniat one of the United
States of America, a8o in long and 150
broad ; boiiiuled on the n hy New
York, V. by that ftate and New Jtrfey,
s by Delaware, iMarylind, and Vir-
ginia, w by the fl itf of Ohio, and nw
by Lake Eric, on which it has a good
port. It is divided into 23 counties ;
namely, Philadelphia, Chtfter, Df.la-
ware, iiucks, MontRomery. Berks, Lan-
caftcr, Dauphin, Northampton, Lu-
zerne, York, Cumberland, Northum-
berland, Frankh'ri, Bedfotd, Hunting-
don, MifTlin, Wrftmorland, Somerfet,
Fayette, Wafliington, Allef iny, and
Lycoming. It is watered by the Dela-
ware, Schuylkil, Sufqiithana, Monon-
gahela, Allegany, and other n ivigiiblc
rivers. The chi^f pioducfts are corn,
catt'e, pr.tafh, wax, fkins, and furs ;
and the principal manufudures are iron,
copper, tin, leather, paper, gunpowder,
liats, cotton, fiigar, and tobacro. In
18 10 the nnmbtr of inhabitants was
8to,i68. Philadelphia is the cnpitai.

Pennj/gatit, a mountain i England,
in Yorkfhire, 7 m n of Settle, i he fum-
mit is 2270 feet above the level of the
fea. On the fides are two awful ori-
fices, called Hulpit and Huntpii holes ;
through eaeh of them runs a brook,
both of which pafs under ground for
about a mile, and crofs each other in
the bowels of the earth without mixing
their waters.

Pentbfcoty a bay of the diftrift of
Maine, at the mouth of the river Fe-

nobfcot. It is long and capacious; antl
the I fide is lined with a duller of fmail
illands.

Penrice^ a town of Wales, in Olamor-
ganfhire, with a market on Thurfday.
Here arc the ruins of a Noiinan callle.
Three m to the n, on a mountaii,, in a
Druidical monument, called Arthur's
ftonc. Penrice is featcd on the Hrillol
chiinnel, ao m st Carmarthen, und 220
w London.

Penr'tthy a town in Cumberland, with
a maikft onTuefday, and manufactures
of checks and fancy waiflcoit pieces.
Heie are the ruins of a caftle; and in
the churchyard is a fingul.ir monunjcnt
of antiquity, called the Giant's Grave.
It is feated under a hiil, near the river
Hamont, i8 m s Cail.lk, and a8o nnvt
London.

Pemwny a borough in Cornwall, go-
verned by a nviyor, with a market 011
WednefHny Friday, and Saturday. Here
AX\i large wart houfe • for flour and giain,
and icveral goiKl bi • weries, which lup-
^iy the (hippini: ai Falnouth; and it
^Ao a i-'real trad.- in the pilchard and
Newfoundland tidier >s. It ftauds on a
cteek of F.dirnuth huven, ^ m nw Fal-
mouth, and 265 w ly s L don.

Pj),,acolay a ci'y of W . ,cr»d:i, <in a
bay of the gull' of Mexico, which forms
a faff and commodious h^>bour. It is
the capital of tne province, and was a
place of great commerce while in pof-
fcflion of the Kngiifh, but fince the con-
quefk of the Spaniards it has been on the
decline. The entrance into the bay is
deftPued by a fmall fort and a battery.
Lon. 87 14 w, lat. 30 24 n.

Pensford, a town in Somfrfi'tfliire,
with a market on Tutiday, and a ma-
nufsfture of hats ; featcd on the Chev/,
6 m s by E Briftol, and 117 w by s
London.

Pent/and Frith, a flrait which divides
the Orkney iflands from Caithnefs, in
Scotland. It is 24 m long, and from 10
to 15 bioad, and dangerous to thofe
who are not arquainttd with its tidel
and currents ; efpecially in pr.fHng the
Pentland Skerries, a clufler 0' rocks at
the E end of the frith. On the largeft
of thcfe rocks i;; a lighthoufe. Lon. 3
4a w, lat. 58 35 N.

Penza, a government of RufTia, for-
merly a province of Kalan. The c pital,
of the fame name, i"* leated on the Sura,
where it receives the rivulet Penza, 220
m sw Kafan. Lon. 45 38 e, lat. 53

30 N

Penzance^ a feaport in Cornwall, go-
verned by a mayor, with a maikct on
Thurfday. It was burnt by the Spa»

PER

niitnls in 1 593, but foon rchviilt, and
made one of the tin-coinage towns. It
is (catal on a cn-fk of Nlount bay, lo
m NK of the Lands cud, and a8o w by
• London. )^on. 5 3.^ w, lat. 50 11 n.
PtHz/in, a town of Lowrr Saxony, in
the principality of Mfcklcnlnirg-Sch wc-
rin, IS m nnw Siiclitz.

Pequigny, a town of France, in tlic
department of Soinme; memorable for
an interview and treaty between Lowin
xr of France, and Edward iv of liu^-
land, in 1475, on a bridge built for that
purpofe. It is feated on the river
tJomnu', 15 in SE Abi)cville.

Pcrak, a feap'>rt of Malaya, capital of
a kingdom on the w coaft. It is ft-ated
on a river of the lame name, iBo m nw
Malacca. Li>n. 100 o k, lat. 4 %i n.

Pera/ta, a town of Spain, in Navarre,
celebrated fur its wine; leated on the
Arv;a, 30 m .s Pamplona.

Peray, St- a town t)f France, in the
department of Ardcche, noted for its
wine; feared on the Rhone, oppoHte
Valence, 32 m n Viviers.

Perc/ie, a late territory of France, in
Orleanois, which takes its name from a
foreft, and is pretty fertile. It now
forms, with part of Normandy, the de-
partment of Orne.

Perdth ^hunti the higheft mountain
of the Pyrenees, diemed to be 11,700
feet above the lea. It is of very diflicult
access, as the calcareous rock often af-
fumes the form of perpendicular walls,
from 100 to 600 feet in height; and
glaciers increafe the difficulty. About
a^oo feet from the fummlt is a lake,
which fends its waters to the c, into the
bpanilh valley of Beoulfa.
Perekop; ke Precofo.
Ptrga, a town of Kuropean Turkey,
in Albania, on the gulf of Venice, 25 m
vvNw Arta.

Pergamar, a town of European Tur-
key, ill Romania, and a bilhop's fee, 60
m.sw Adrianople. Lon. 25 55 e, lat.
41 10 N.

Ptrf^omhio, a town of Paraguay, in
the province of Buenos Ayres, with a
frontier fortrels, on the road from the
capital to Cordova, no m wnw Buenos
Ayres. Lou. 60 43 w, lat. 33 53 N.

Pergamo^ a town of Aflatic Turkey,
in N-itolia, and a bilhop's fte, with a
palace and a caftle. It is not lb con-
licJera'ile as formerly, but has nine
mofcjoes, and occupies an oblong cir-
cuit of 3 m, at the foot of a mountain.
Here parchment was invented. It is
fc ited on the Germafti, 15 m from its
mouth, and 37 NSmyroa. 'Lon.ijzj
K»liit. 39 5 M.

P I', It

Periat a town of Perfia, in thepro*
vince of Irak, 90 m w Ifpahan. Loii.

5' 25 K. ';>'• 3» 'io f^-

Periac, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Aude, celebrated for ilt
fall worki, 6 m .svv Nai bonne.

Peri,:'>ataiu, a town of Ilindooflan,
in Mylbre. 'I'he fortifications are quite
ruinous, the late fultan having blown
up the belt works; and ruins occupy
the greater fpace of tlie fuburhs, but it
is recovering fall. The environ? arc
rich and b'-autiful. It i:> 40 m w by »
Seringapatam.

Perierj, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Manche, 9m N Cnutaucei.

Perigonl, a hte province of l* ranee,
8j m long and 60 bro;ul ; hmindcd 011
the N by Angoumois and Marche, E
by Qaercy and Limollii, s by ' ^t-nois
and Bazodois, and w by Bounltlois,
Angoumois, and Sainif n^je. it nliounds
in iro'i-min"«, and now forms the de-
pai trnrnt of Dordo/ne.

Perigueux, a tt/\vn of France, capital
of the dep.irtmc'.t of Dordogne, and
.lately a 'liffiop'a H:e. Here are the
ruins of ,1 t^imple of Venus, and an .-im-
phithtatie. Jt is leated on the lilc, 50
m sw Limoges. Lou. o 43 e, lat.
45 " N.

Perindat a town of Hindooftan, in the
province of Dowlalabad, i8tf m Nvi^
Ilydrabad. Lon- 75 50 E, lat. 11:33 n.

Perija, a town of Terra Fuma, in
the province of Venezuela, on a river
of the faiTie name, 25 m from its mouth
in the lake of Maracaybo, and 45 ssv
Marac.'iybo.

Perindiira, a town of Hindooftan, in
the prov' ,ce of Coimbttorc, 12 m ssw
Bhawanikudal.

Perleherg, a town of Brandenburg,
capital of the mark oP Pregnitz. It has
c )nriderable cloth ninnuradures, and
ft.mds on the Stepcnitz, 41 m wnw
R» ppin. Lon. 12 3 e, lat. 53 8 n.

Permt a government of Rullia, for-
nierly a province of Kalan. It is di-
vided into two provinces, Perm and
Calharinenburg, the capitals of which
are of the fame name.

Perm, a town of Uuffia, capital of a
government and province of t!ie fame
name. It u li'ated on the Kama, at the
influx of the Zcgochckha, 620 m t by
N Mofcow, and 810," bv s Pdcifljurg.
Lon. j5 10 E, lat. 57 55 m.

Permacoil, a town of Hindooilan, in
the Carnatic, fituale on a mountain, za
m NNW Pondicherry.

Pernalla, a town of Hindooftan, ic
Guzerat, %Z-m s Suraf. .

Pernamitico ; fee; Ftrnambuc»-

t- ■ h

i \'

*'V

i. . ^6

a*-*-

iihlli

n

m?^

PER

Pfinau, n fortified town of RufTia,
in Livoni.i, with a caflle ; foated near
th',' mouth of A river «>( the fame naino,
95 m N Riga. Lon. 34 30 E, lat-
5« :?o N.

Vernrj, a town of France, in the de-
paitmcnt of Mouths of the Rhone, the
birthplace of (he celfbratfd orator
rirchifr, bilhop of Nifmri. It is ii m
E by N Avignon.

Pernrt, a town of Trance, in the de-
partment of Pas de Calais, feated on
the Clarence, 17 m nw Arras.

Pfrno, a town of Sweden, in the pro-
vince of Nyland, on the coalt of the
Baltic, 36 m E Helfingfors.

Peronne, a ftrong town of France, in
the department of Somme- It is called
Pucelle, bccanfe it has never heen taken,
though oft^n bcfieged. The caftle was
the imprifonment of Charles the Ample,
who here miferably died } and in this
caftle the duke of Burgundy detained
^-^wis XI three days, till he confented
to fign a difadvantagcous treaty. It is
feaied on the Somme, xj m sw Tam-
hv^v, and 80 e by n Paris. Lon. 3 %
E, lat. 49 55 N.

Perotct a town of New Spain, in Tla-
fcala, with a fmall fortrefs. Twelve
m to the SE is the Coffre of Ptrote, a
fummit 1300 feet higher than the Pike
of Teneriff, which fervcs for a mark to
Tailors on entering the port of Vera
Cruz. Perote is 15 m w Xatapa.

Perou/n, a town and fort of Pied-
mont, on the river Ciulbn, 6 m nw
Pienerol.

Ferpignan, a fortified town of France,
capital of the department of Eaftcrn
Pyrenees, with a good citadel and a
univerfity. It was lately a biftiop's fee,
and is fvated on the Tet, near the Me-
diterranean, 95 m SB Touloule. Lon.
a 54 E, lat. 42 42 K.
Per/aim ; fee Baffien.
PtrfepoUsy anciently the capital of
the Perlian empire. Jt was taken by
Alexander the great, who fct it on fire.
Its magnificent ruins are 50 m ne
Shiras.

Pir/hore, a town in Worcefterftiire,
with a market on Tuefday, and a ma-
rufadturc of ftockings. Here are two
churches, and that of Holy Crofs con-
tains feveral ancient monuments. It is
feated on the Avon, 9 m ese WorceAer,
a".J 106 wNw London.

Perfia, a country of Afia, confiding
of feveral provinces, which, at different
times, have had their particular kings.
It is bounded on the n by Georgia, the
Cafpian fea, and Ulbec Tartary, w by
Turkey and Arabia^ s by the gulfs of

PF. R

Perfia and Ormus Jnd the Arabian fea,
and E by Hindooftan. It is ijjo m
fr«)m E to w, and 900 from n to i. In
the N and u partH it is mountainous O" 1
cold; in the middleand flK partH, I/ ^
and defcrl ; in the » and w, level and
extremely fertile, though for ffveral
months very hot. The chief rivers are
the Tigris, Knr, and Kizil Oxan ; but
there arc many others, and (i'veral in the
interior which are loft in fandy defertj.
The foil produces all forts of piilfe and
corn, except oats and rye ; but agricul-
ture is in a d« prelTed ftate, as the go-
vernment affords no prote(*>ion to private
property, and offers no encouragement
to induftry. In feveral places naptha
rifes out of the ground; and there arc
mines of filver, copper, lead, iron,
turcois flones, and (alt; but fome of
thefearenot worked, on account of th«
fcarcity of wood, or rather from the ig.
norance of the people. Among the
product of Perfia that are peculiarly
excellent, are dates, piftachio-nuts, and
poppies that produce the fineil opium ;
cotton, indigo, and tobacco are uiro
raifed ; and no country can exceed this
either in the variety or flavour of its
fruits. There are extenfive plantations
of mulberry trees for filkwurms; and
large flocks of fheep and goats. The
camels, horfes. mules, affes, oxen, and
buffalos, are the btft of their kind, and
are indifferently ufeil for carrying paf-
fengcrs or burdens, the horfes excepted,
which are only ufed for the faddle. The
principal manufactures are fatins, tab-
bies, taffetas, filk mixed with cotton,
or with camels or goats hair, brocades,
gold tiffues, gold velvet, carpets, cali-
cos, camlets, and fire-arms. During
almoft the whole of lafl century, Perfia
was defolated by competitors for the
fovereignty. On the affuflination of the
ufurper, Nadir Shah, in i747» Ahmed
Abdalla, one of his generals, founded the
kingdom of Candahar; to which he an-
nexed the provinces of Korafan and Se*
geftan, in the e part of Perfia, and thofe
provinces of Hindooilan, w of the Indus,
that had been ceded by the great mogul,
in 1737, to Nadir Shah. Kerim Khan,
another of Nadir's officers, obtained the
fovereignty of all the fouthem provinces.
He held the feat of government at Shi-
ras ; but refufed the title o( Shah, or
king, being fatisfied with that of Vakeel,
or protedlor. He was a mild prince,
beloved by his fubjedls, and relpeded
by foreign powers. On his death, in
1779, new competitors for ths throne
fprung up, and caufed another period
of flaughter and defolation till the yea<-

-. Ui,,

PER

i;94, when A kail Mohamrd Khan be*
c»mc lole monarch. The Rcvernmcnt
ii highly dcfpotic, and itit TuD^tions t-x-
ercifed by the king stnd hia two principal
mininerii the }(rand vizier and the lord
trtafurcr. The whole of the cxenitivfi
government ii in the hands otthefetwo
nien, and| while they continue in favour
with a tyrant, th«'ir authority is without
control- Sulmrdinate to the miniflry is
a refl;ular gradation of ofltrerH ; and ve-
nality and extortion pervade every clafs,
from the throne to the cottage. The
(landing army of the empire confilts of
the king's body guard, about lo.ooo
men. and the royal flavrg, about 3000-
But the number and bravery of the
wandering tribes conftitute the military
force of the country ; and from thelii
the king could afTemble an army of
about aoojooo men, chiefly confifting
of cavalry, whofe evolutions and move-
ments arc very rapid. The armies fel-
dom receive either clothing or pay, and
arc only kept together by the hope of
plunder ; it is therefore deemed incum-
bent on the king to take the field once
a year, either againft the RufTians, Af-
gans, or Turcomans, his immediate
neighbours. The Perfians are generally
Mohamedans, of the feA of Ali, and
more tolerant in their principles than
the Turks. They are commonly fat,
with black hair, high forehead, aquiline
nofe, full cheeks, and a large chin ; the
form of the countenance being fre-
quently oval. The general complexion
isfair, fomewhat tinged with olive; but
thofe in the s, and the provinces to-
ward India, are of a dark brown. The
men are generally ftrong and robuft, and
inclined to martial excrcilL-8 ; they fhave
the head, and wear high crimfon bon-
nets ; but the beard is facred, and al-
moft univerfally died black, but fome

Jirefer blue. They often wear three or
bur light drefTes, one above the other,
fattened with a fafh, in which a fmall
dagger is ftuck ; and they are fond of
largeclokes of thick cloth. Thewomen
cover the head with a large black tur-
ban, over which a Ciftimeriaii fliawl is
thrown, to anfwer the purpofe of a veil;
and their robes are rather fhortcr than
thofe of the men, fattened in front by
large gold butwons. The Perfians are
generally gay, polite, and hofpita-
blc; yet arc deceitful, treacherous,
and cruel. They do not recline on
culhions, in the manner of the Turks,
but fit in an creft pofture on a thick
felt, called a numud. They are paf*
Sonately fond of tobacco, which they
finok« almoft inceflantJy. Wine they

P F. 11

never tafte before compiny ; hut In
priv.ifo th'-y indulgir to exoels, and in-
variably drirk before thfy eat. They
take coffee in the morning, and dine
about noon, but the chief repaft is the
Aipptr. 'I'lh; moll uOial difli i) boiled
rice, virioiifly prepared. The meat is
boiled tocxreU, .md the meal i:* enlarged
with pot-herbs, roots, fruits, cakes, hard
eggs, and fwectmc.its, of which ia(t
thi-y are extremely fond. They are re-
miukabiefor cleanlinels, both in their
peiibns and hal)itations. Tlic language
ofPerli.-i in perhaps the moft ciilebratcd
of all the oriental tongues. fi)r ftrcngth,
beauty, and mi-lody. Ifpalviu is the
chief city, but Teheran ia the prefent
capital.

Perfia, Gulfnf, a Tea between Pcrfia
and Arabia. The entrance near Ormus
is not above 50 m over; but within it is
from laoto 230 in breadth, and the
length from Ormus to the mouth of the
Euphrates is 500 m The Arabian fide
is particularly celebrated for its pearl
filhery, and has many fand-banks and
fiioals ; the Pcrfian fide is deeper, and
in general ha'J regular (bundings.

Ptrthy a boroui;h of Scotland, capital
of Perthfliirc, once the refidence of the
Ibvercigns of Scotland, and the feat of the
parliament. It has two pariftvchurches,
one of which belonged formerly to a
fine abbey, and contains three places of
worfliip for fo many parifiies. Here,
in 1559, the reformed religion was firft
publicly avowed, after John Knox had
preached a I'ermon in the church againft
idolatry. Perth is leatcd on a large ver-
dant plain, on the sw fide of the Tay,
which is navigable for veflels of 120
tons to the quays, but larger veflels un-
load at Newburg. Over ihe river is a
modern bridge of 10 archc?, the moft
beautiful in Scotland, to the town of
Kinnoul. On the se fide of the town
ftands Cowrie caftle, once the fcene of
a ftrange confpiracy, which caulifd its
forfeiture; and it has fince Icrved as
barracks for the royal artillery. Perth
has feveral incorporated trades, fome of
which have halls. The falmoo fifhery
is a great article of trade; and it has
confiderable manufactures of linen and
cotton goods, leather, boots, ftiots, and
gloves. The number of inhabitants
was 14,878 in 1801, and 16,948 in i8m.
It is 35 m N by w Edinburg. Lon. 3
30 w, lat. 56 24 N.

Pertli Ambny, a city and feaport of
New Jerfey, in Middlefex county, featcd
on a neck of land, between the river
Rariton and Arthur Kuil found- It lies
o|)en to Sandy Hook, and has one of

, 'i

■ M

■1 1

\ •

i

the bcfl !.nvI)ourii on the continent. It
in ;5« III iw Niw Y( ik and 64 nk I'hila-
ilclphi.i, Lon. 74 :,^ w, lat. 40 ill".

Perthes, a town of Fr;tncf, in the de-
p.irtmcnt of Scitit; and Manic, 6 m s»w
Mcltin.

Per this, a town of France, in the dc-
pntniciitof Uppci Maine, 6 m nw St.
i)i/.icr.

Pcrthjhire, .1 county of S<\ill.ind, 76
m lon^ and 6A lirojd ; buuiidcd on the
w by ArBylilliirr, n l»y tin* (liiicsof In-
vernefs and AWcniifii, k hy Forfarfhiri',
St. hy tile frith of T.iy and theeoiintiis
of Fife .ind Kiiirof», and s by ihf (Viili
of Forth, and tiie counties ol C laekma-
non, Stirling, and Dumbarton. It con-
tains 4,068,640 acres, is divided into 6i)
parillies, and fv^ tids a mriubcr to parlia-
ment. Ihe number ot inh.ibiiaiits was
126,366 in ifloi, and 135. 09^ in 181 1.
The country exiiiliits Icenes ot" ruir^ed
and flriking magnificence, contralled
uith thf moft beautiful ones of culiiva-
tion. Tlic Grampian inountaing crofs
it from sw to nk, the highcft of which is
Beulawers. The country nw of this
ridge is mountainous, and contains leve-
ral !al:es ; but the oppolite fnlc, thougli
not free from hills, is more low and
fertile. The principal rivers are the
Forth and Tay. Perth is tiio capital.

Pertigi, a town of the ifland of Sar-
dinia, 19 m sK. Caflei Angonefe.

Pertuh, a to-.vn of France, in t!ie de-
partment of Vaucluli?, near the Du-
rance, 1 1 m NAix,a!id ?8 ksk Avignon.
Peru, a country of S America, bound-
ed oil the N by Quito, w by the Pacific
ocean, .s by Chili, and e by the Andes.
It is 18 .0 m from n to s, aii'd about 500
from ii tow. It never rains in the Ibutli
parts; but in the north, where the
mountains are not lb high, it often rains
exccirivtly. There are large furelts on
the fides of the mountains, which ad-
vance near the ii:a ; but none of the
trees are like thofe in Muiope. Peru
has been long celebrated for mines of
gold and lilvor, which ate the chief
Iburce of its riches. NolwiihfUnding
the little indullry which is employed in
V/oiking them, and the finall help that
commerce aftbrds to the miners, 534,000
mnrks of lilvcr, and 6o;,8 of gold, were
imeiied and rtfiued in the royal mint at
Litna, in 1790; and 5,162,2.59 pialiies
in both materials were coined tlieie.
Fffide the produce of the mines,
the commodities exported are fugar,
Vienna wood, cotton, Peruvian bark,
copper, and cocoa. The fiercefl beafts
of prey in Peru are the puma and jaquar,
inaccurately called lion; and tigers by

Tv.n

the Huropc.ini, (or they pofTefi ncithrr
the undaunted courage of the former,
nor the ravenous cruelty of the latti-r'
A (|Uiidiuped, called the lam.i, peculi.ir
to llu!! country, waw tamed to tloinellic
purpofes by the ancient I'triivians: in
form it bears fome relemblanci* to ,i
camel, but only of a H/.e fomfwhat
larger than a flieep ; its wool furniilu-
the Peruvians with clothing, and iti
lltfli with food. Af ong the turds, the
moft remarkable is the condor, whlcli
is intitled 10 prcemiiirnee over the lly,
ing tribe, in bulk, ftrength, ,ind eoura^'c.
Wht n the Spaniards landed in this eoun.
try, in 15.50, they found it governed hy
fovert-igiis called incas, vviio were k.
vered by their fubjctils as diyiniriis; aih!
the inhabitant;, were found to be uuicli
more polillied than the iiativeH of oihcr
parts of Auurica, tholi.* of Mcxicicx-
eepted. 'I'hefc were loon fubi'jtd by,i
fiw Spaniards, under the euinniaiid of
Francis Pizarro. Peru is iiiliabitciJ by
the Spaniaids, the native Americans,
and a mixture arilin^ fri. m both, cilled
Mellics. The native Americatis, who
live among the foicfls, Corui as it vv'cro
fo many Imall republics, which are di.
retfted by a Spanilh prielt, and by tlitir
tCovernor, alliiled by the original mtivts,
wiio lerve as oHicers. Tliey have no
diftrult, for they leave the doors of their
huts always open, lliough th< y huve
ctittoii, calaballus, andalbrt of aides, of
which ihey make tliread, and li vtra!
other I'mall m;Uter3th;it they trjdtM\iih,
which niigiit be ealily Itoien. They go
naked, and paint their biKlies with a
red drug, called rocu. The fame man
is of all trades, for he builds his own
hut, conftrutfts his own CJinoe, and
weaves his own cloth ; but if a lar^;e
houfe is to be built for common iik,
every one lends a helping hand. Thiir
Ikiu is of a red copper colour ; and thty
have no beard nor hair on any part 0:'
their bodies except their heads, where
it is black, long, and coarfe. Thiif;
that are not much e>:pofcd to the wea-
ther are of a lighter colour than the red.
Their garment is a ff>rt of a lack, with
holes to put their arms through ; and
this is given them by their mailers as
part of their wages. The Meilicf,
though illegitimate, liave all the piivi-
leges of a Spaniard, and are the ptrions
who carry on all trades; for the Spt>
niards think it beneath them to meddle
with any thing of this Ibrt. Pern is
divitltd into two great audiences, Linn,
and Charcas, which are under the go-
vernment of a viceroy, whole authority
once exitended over itU $ America po i-

\ n. ». .

T -T^. >

pofTi'fi ncithfr
)t' I hi? former,
of the latter
lami, pfculiir
cd to tiomcllic
I'truviana; in
•mblaiici* to a
fi/.f fotnewhiu
wool tiiiiiilhir.
ilhinji;, and '\i\
; the hiids, the
condor, wliidi
;c ov«'r the fly.
li,aiul courat;e.
led inthi»cimii.
1 it };ov»Tnfd \vf
who were i(.
)di villi) it's; ami
uul lo bf mitcii
ualivi'H of oilicr
L> of Mexico t'X-
on fulH'utd by;i
he coinniaiul ot'
is inhabiu'd b)
tive Amcrieaiis,
(, m both, called
Anicvicatis wlu)
(urin as il wi-ro
s, witich are di-
ert, luid by their
L- origbial iMtivts,
They liayo no
;he dotirti of ihrir
oiiiili tbty liuvd
albit of alucs,of
ead, and li vtr.il
t tViOy tr;idf\\ilh,
llol.'ii. They go
bixVu-s with a
The fame man
builds his own
n canoe, and
but if a lar^e
or common ulc,
ng hand. Thiir
:olour; and thty
dr on any part o;
eir hf.ids, where
toarfe. Thofi
oftd to the wen-
our than the reft.
. of a lack, with
ns through; ard
their malU-ra as
Tlic MelticE,
ave all the piivi-
d are the pcrloiis
es ; for the Spa-
them to meddle
IS Ibrt. Peru is
audiences, Luin,
ire under the go-
whole authority
S America po--

ir

V T. .H

fcflcd by the Spmi.irdi : but ai fonii- of
th«'counfri»'« ar<? above aooo m dilbint
from the fiiptemf le.it of juflice .it
biin.i, the iidubitanti w«'re riibjt'»5l to
thr grratelt ioconvenienci'i; t»> tfmrdy
which two new vircroyaUirs were e(la-
blilhcd in i77'>. »»tif at St. I'l, thr c.ipi-
tal of Nfw Gran ida, and the »)lh«r at
HuenoH Ayres. the capital of Paraguay.
Tilt capital of Peru Is lima.

/Vrz/jf/Vi, a city of Italy, capital of
Perugiiio, niid a bilhop's Ue, with .1
llroiijT citadel, a univeiitty, and Icvcral
acadi miea. Tin.' chiiri lies, and many
other buildin}:,H, public and private, are
vt-ry handfonu'. It is feated r* a hill,
near the river Tiber, 75 ni n Rome.
Lon. i» 10 F, lat. 4.1 6 N.

Perugitit the ancient Trafimenns, a
lake of Italy, 10 m w of the city of Pe-
ni;;ia. It is 9 in long and 7 broad ; and
in it are three illands, on one of which
il a church. On its n border was fought
a battle between Hanibal andFlaminius,
in which the conliil and 15,000 Romuna
were flain.

Peruginot a province of Italy, in the
Eccleliaftical Stati*, 25 m lonf.-: and 14
broad; bounded on the w byTul'cany,
8 by the territory of Orvlt-ro, e by the
duchies of Spoleto and Urbino, and N
by the county of Citta di Caftello. The
foil is fertile in corn and good wine.
The capital is Perugia.

PefarOi a fortified feaport of Italy, in
the duchy of Urbino, and a bilhop'.s fee.
The cathedral k magnificent, and it has
handfome churches, convents, and pa-
laces, with cxquifite paintings, 'rhe
environs abound in olives and excellent
figs It is I'eated on an eminence, at
the mouth of the Foj-lia, on the gulf of
Venice, 17 m ens Urbino. Low. 13 2
E, lat. 43 5 J N .

PeJ'cara, a ftrong town of Naples, in
Abruizo Citra. It was taken by the
French in 1798, and ftands at the mouth
of a river of the fame name, on the gulf
|ofVenice, 10m nne Civita di Chieti.

Pefehiera, a ftrong town of Italy, in

I Veronefe. It was taken by the French

in 1796; Jind the garrifon furrendered

tothe Auftrians in 1799. It is leated

on the river Mincio, where it proceeds

I from the lake Garda, 16 m w Verona.

Pefcia, a town of Tufcany, in Floren-

Itino, celebrated for its fine oil ; feated

on a river of the fame name, over which

lis a handfome bridge, 27 m \v by n

1 Florence.

Pffcina, a town of Naples, in Abruz-
Izo Ultra, near the lake Cclano, ao m s
|by E Aquila-
Peftttdi, a town of France, inthede-

PET

partment (.f Herault, on the river He*

rault, u m si: He/icri.

I'ffl, a town of IlunRary, capital of a
county of the lame name, with a fortrrfs,
a royal p.'»lace, and a univerfity, the
only one in the kingdom- Here are
in.iiiy Gr<ek merchants, who condutit
tile Lcvjint traile to Germany and the
northern nations- It ih featrd on the x
<i<le of the Danube, oppolite Buda, 96
m^ H.iE Prtfburj,'. Lon. 19 8 e, lat. 47

JO N.

Prjli, a town of Naples, in Principato
Citra, n«ar the majiniHcent ruing uf the
ancit'iii Pa:llum, ao m se Salerno.

Petafnit a town of New Spain, in the
provinci: of Guatimala, 25 m sr Guati-
mali.

Pe-tcht'li, the principal province of
China, bounded on the n by the great
wall and part of Tartary, v. by the Yel-
low lea, 5 by Chan-tong and Ho-nan,
and w by the mountains of Chan-fi. It
contains nine cities of the flrft clafs,
which havi: many others under their
jurildidlion. Although Pc-tcheli ex-
tends no further than the 4ad degree n,
yet all its rivers are fo much frozen
during four months in the year, that
wagons with the heavieft loads may
fwfely pa fs them. The foil ii fandy, and
produces very little rice; but it abounds
with all other kind of grain, and with
the greater part of the fruit trees com-
mon in Europe. But what renders this
province the moft conflderable is, that
the riches of the whole empire are
brought hither, the fouthern provinces
furnilhing it with every thing they pro-
duce, that is moft uncommon and deli-
cious. The inhabitants, in general, are
reckoned not fo polite, nor fo apt to
learn the fciences, as thofe of the Ibuih-
ern provinces ; but they are ftronger
and mote warlike, in which they refem-
ble the people who inhabit the northern
provinces. Peking is the capital.

Peter and Paul, St. or Petropaulq/koif
a leaport of Ruffia, in Kamtlchatka.
The town confifts of fome loghoules
and a few conical huts ; and its harbour,
deemed one of the beft on the globe, is
open for veflels from April to Novem-
ber. Captain Gierke, who fucceedtd
captain Cook, and died at lea, was in-
terred here. It is feated in a valley, on
the B fide of Awatiku bay. Lon. 158
48 E, lat. 53 I N.

Peterborough, a city in Northamp-
tonftiire, and a bifliop's fee, with a mar-
ket on Saturday. It is governed by a
iQayor, and has but one church, befide
the cathedral, which was formerly a
monaftery. The market-place is fpa-
aO

K fy^ i

v» u

II

I,

•I': w

'«i:ij

r

PET

«iniit, .ind thf llrrtt* rrgtiljr. It ti.ii A
in.iniif.i^iirf of ftockiiig*, Atu\ n \tm\<
ill corn, co.il, anil limlxr. Tlu- mim«
l)crot'iiih,ihiuiiiH WJ1 <i4gin iHoi, and
\6:4 in inn. Il it Icilcii (in tl < NciU
ovt-r wliicli is a Urid^rinto liiintni^itt)!!"
Ihirc, 41 m Nc Northampton, .iiul 81 n
Ldndon I. on. o 4 w, lit. 5} ,\o s.

Pftfrhfiid, 2 ff.n»oit ttf ScotUnil, in
A''er(lwn(hir«'. fituuc on a pi'innriil.i.
vvh'ch form the moft raltern point of
land in ScoiUnd. It h.it two hirbotir',
delrnded hy picrt ; * conOdrrahlc trAde
in thr Klhtry, and to the Hal'ic; and
mantifadtiireii of thread, tvonlten cloth,
and cdtton. Upon thf Keith Inch, the

I part of the pcninful.i, arc many ele*
|;ant houfei; Hnd on th«- s Pule ii an old
caftle, now nfetl ii« a ftorthoiili', and
rear it is a fmall fort and a battery. A
mineral fprin^, of a powerful diuretic
quality, and the Ici-bathititr, brin^; a
great refort of company, for whofi- ac-
commodation there is a ball-room, &c.
It ia ?4 m NK Aberdffn Lon. 1 17 w,
lat. 57 J7 V.

Pfterjl'unf, a town of New Hamp<
fbire. in Ilillfboroiigh county, 18 m K
Keenc, and 73 w by s PortC.noiitli.

Pi-terjburg, i town of Peniilylvani*,
in York county, 15 m aw York, and 58
N Walhinij'ton.

f^eterjbtirgt a town of Viijjinia, In
Dinwiddie county, with a fonfidtralilo
trade, particularly in tobacco and flour.

II ftanda on the s fult; of the Appama-
tox, i.s m f Richmond.

Ptterjburf^s a town of ihc ftate of
Georgia, in Elbert cnunty, tituate at
the conflux of the Broad river with the
Savanna, 50 m wnw Augufta.

Pfturjhurg, or .SV Peter bur;^, the me-
tropolis of the empire of Knnia, in a
government of the lame name, with a
univi-rfity. It is feated on the Neva,
jirar the gu!f of Finland, and built
partly on fomc ifl^inds formed by the
river, and partly upon the continent.
The ground on which Petorfburg now
ibtndK was a vaft morafii, occupied by a
tVw filhermen's huts. Peter the great
firft began this city by the errdiion of
a ciradrl with fix baltions, in 1703; he
built alfo a fmall hut for himfelf, and
f(»me wooden hoveis. In 17 10, count
G' lovkin built the firft houfe of brick ;
and the next year, the emperor, with
hir, own hands, laid the foundation of a
houfe of the fame materials. From
thffc fmall beginnings rofe the imperial
- city of Peterfburg ; and in lefs than
nine years, after the wooden hovels were
eredted, the feat of empire was tranf-
ferred it from Mofcow. The ftrccts

PET

are Araifht, and gcncr.> f krond .Ttid
long, fret)ui'ntly inierfeCb/ig each other
in anriipl nnd (harp cornrii i itiul thrrc
of the principal one*, which m«ct in \

fxiint at the admiralty, are above a m in
cngth ; moft of them arc \ ivid, hut \
few (till remain floored with ptankv,
and numerouH canaU, from r)ne pirt n|
the river to another, pafi throii(;h miny
of them, by whith the inhabitanii arc
iiipplicd with water. In fevrral partj,
wooden hmifii, Icarcely fuprrior to
ctiinmon cott.igei, are bleiulcd with the
public buildings \ but as they are not
fiiffcred to he repaired, or if burnt <l<)wn
to be rebuilt, thoiiiiinber of tht m Ik n i«
greatly reduced : however, ihe molhrr
of all that ixiAs in the city, the flrft
wooden cottage of Peter the gieat, has»
brick building on arrheHcredtid overii,
to preftrve it as a fjcred relic of th.n
njonarch. The brick hoiifes are covo-
ed with (tucco, painted of a pink, yd*
low, or green colour i the roof* are nnr.
ly n.it, formed of (hect or caft iron, or
(heet copper, commonly painted grrm
or red ' tiles arc only ufed for out-
lioufrs and the meaner fort of buildingi
The manlious of the nobility are vjft
piles of building, furnilhed in the moft
elegant ftyle. Petcrfhurg, though morf
compaA than the other Uuflian cities, ii
built in a very ftraggling manner. On
the s and sp. it has a boundary formed
by the town ditch, which is dug far be-
yond the biiilt parts ; und on the ne and
N llows the moft northern branch ofthj
Neva, called the Nevka, which incliidfi
a ftill more ample interftice. Thecir-
cumf«rence by thefe and the lira ii
nearly 30 m ; but the part properly
built upon occupies little more thin
a fourth of this fpace. The inhahitanti |
are computed to be 300,000. The m;ii
ftream of the Neva is, in many placd, I
as broad as the Thames at London, and
its banks arc lined on each fide with >
continued range of handl(>me buildinii!. |
On the »i fide an* the grand diichal pa-
lace, the fortrefs, the cuftomlioiifc, |
the academy of fciences, and the aca-
demy of ar»s. On the » fide arcth«|
imperial pnlice, the marble palace, tht I
admiralty, the arfenal, the bank, thel
manfions of many Ruffian nohirs, andl
the Ktiglilh-liiie, fondled, bccauli'ttiel
whole row is almoft wholly oiciipif(i|
by Englifh merchantx. In the froiiil
of thefe buildings is the quay, whkli
extends 3 m, except where it is inttt-l
rupted by the admiralty ; and the Ncni|
during the whole of th;it fpu-c, is nn-f
banked by a wall, parapet, and p^ivH
ment of hewa granite. The oppuOttl

Vj hrond ,tnd
ti/tg vach other
rii ( Hiul Ibrrc
hich m»et ill *
re above i m in
e jittil, litit a
1 with ptanki,
'om one pirt of
gthroui-h m\ny
inhaWitanii »rt
n fcvrral p.irli,
ily fiipcriur to
ileiuUil with the
at tluy are not
or if hiirut ilown
•rofthtm iitn >«
jvcr, the mothrr
he city, thf flrft
•rtlie girai, ha»j
es credit dowerit,
red rflic of th.it
hoiiiVs are covu-
cd of a pink, yrl-
he ro«)fi» are wm-
i\ or caft iron, m
nly painted grrtn
ily uffd tor out-
r fort of buildingi
: nobility an- vaft
nilhcd ill the moft
mrB, though morf
er iliiflian cities. ii
ling manner. On
; bound;»ry formd
hich is dug far be-
and on thf NKand
hern branch of Iht
cii, which includfj
tcrfticc. The cir-
and the lira it
the part properly
little more thin
The inhabitants
;co,ooo. Tht'm;>tii
, ill many plaw,
nes at London, and
,n each fide with »
andlome buiUlmii!.
jirand duchalpi-
the ciiftomlionfi;,
iiCfB, and the aca-
the » fide are the
marble palaeiMht]
nal, the bank, thf
.ufli.in noliirs, anil
called , btcauii' the
ift wholly oicupifil
.nt8. In the front
lis the quay, whid
,t where it is inw-
alty; and the Nt"*
f thiit fp.H-c, IS f'l-
parapet. «nd pA*
lite. Thcoppoto

le

i» r, T

(livillond of Pi'terfbiirR, fitiMto on rich
111^ of the Ncv4, iir»' coniH'Cl d »»y two
hrij|{eii, on pontoon* | .'tnd there krt
fcviral other* ovtr the tlittrrcnt jrm<
,if thr river. Tholi' biid,;tn, un ic-
cmnt of tlu" l^rif*" m ni-n ai ic«' ilrivio
d,)wn th«! llrt.im frotn thi- Like l.uli'j: i,
ire ulually removi-d wfifo th»y lirft
mike their .ipiuMr.mcc ; and fnr .i few
iip, till thf I ivcr i« fro.rcii h.iid ciioiiKh
III bear carrLin^ii, 'here ii no cuntmii*
nic.ition Ixrtwcen fh^ uppolitc p.iit* of
Itiicfowii Antong the iu)lilc(\ iirn.inif.iiH
Li lVtcrfl)iirg, it an f(|urihi.in ll.itiic
nt Peter the g'cat, in br«)n/.i', uf ^ colof-
i! ti/.e ; tin* pcd«r(lal of which ia a
|liii(;c rock, hroiiglii to thi* ('pi>t ;(t a
L'.vd cxp.'nic W'tliin the vv.ilU of
liif forfrfs is ihc cathedral ot St. Pi-tcr
iikI St. I* ml. in which arc dcpolittvlthc
■tmain* of I'ctcr the prtat, and of the
iii(.\i'(rive lovcrciiins, except Peter ii,
I'lni'il at M )leow. I'eterfbiirg has a
: inliderahle tr.ide in exporting the pro-
lu'Uofthe crnpire, and has a cotninu-
btionby cinals and rivers with many
)i'lhe iiiuthtrn provmces as far ai Af-
rican, on the botdcri of the Cafpian
(m. It is 415 m .Nw Mofcow, ^00 k
ly NSiockholm.and looa n ne Vicuna.
,on, ^^0 II) K, 1;U. 59 56 N.
Wterjdorf, a town of IVufTia, in the
irovinco of Samland, 24 m ■■ Konigf*

VtUrsfielJ, a borough in Ilampniirc,

|nvi'rni'd by a mayor, with a market

|n Saturday, featcd on the Loddon, 18

NB I'ortlinouth, and 54 sw London.

Peterjhageu, a town f)f Wcltphalia,

the pritieipility of Minden, with a

illle, feated on the Wcfcr, 7 m nne

"inden.

l^tUr/ham, a town of MaflDichufets,
Worcelter county, on the r. branch
^wift river, aM m nw Woicifter.
Petfr/haufertf ;i town of Snabia, with
iBenedidtinc abbey, and a fort ; (i-atcd
the N fide of the Rhine, oppolite
jnftance.

PttenvarJein, a town of Sclavonia,
)e of the ftrongell frontier places that
luftria has againft the Turks, over
pom, in 1716, prince Eug'ne here
ined a great viiflory. It is icated on
e Danube, oppolite the fortrell* c)f
eiifatz in Hungary, 50 m nw Ik'U
ide. Lon. 20 10 e, lat. 45 18 n.
'itlierton, Sout/i, a town in So'nerfet-
k with a market on Tmlday, and
n,\niifaftijre of dowlas ; fe^ted near
I'arret, over which is a bridge, 24
[ssw Wells, and 130 w by s London.
fftjglianoyi town of Tuicany, in Si-
Mi', « m w Caftro, and 45 is Sienna.

I» V K

T\hHiift .1 city of i:.iftern T.irfiry,
in th< province ut Kirin. It h.ii icarccfy
niy inh;ibirant!, but Tatt.^r foldivn, and
Chineli'conde; iiii'.l tomilf. ft fl.iiuit
on ttic Sonj^.irl, \(,o m n by w Kiiiii.
L'lii I '5 5^ K,|.«. 4j ro w.

I'rtrriln. a town of N.tplen, in the
county ol Molile, 1 1 m k M.ilifc-

I'l-liiUtitA town ol Hiirape.iiiTu'key,
in .MKinia, a6 m t> l)nr.//<».

I'etniow, A t<»wn of Pol.ind. in the
palatin.ifeot Siradl.i, Ho in hw Wailavv.
LoM. r; 46 »:, l.u. 51 I ; .y.

I'ftrinth a IliDiig I, wn of Crt).ilia,
feifed «Mi the Kiilpa, n "> ^ CaiHtadt.

I'lt'oritt, a city of CM'i, in tl.e pro-
vine* of Q'lilluta. It >iisricli gi'l i'ninci
ill tlie vicinity, .i:id i\ litmte ot. the
Longotom.i, 140 in NwSt.Ja^<). Lon.
7a I w, lat. 11 ,\o ».

Pi-itnpolli/, a town of llindoofl.in, in
the (iiiiiu)or circar, 01. ihe b.iy of lien-
gal, jH m suL Condavir, and 4(1 Nr. On-
gole.

Pifttnw, a town of Ofrmany, in Sii-
ri.i, with coi'liderable m.inun(Jiurc3 ;
fcatid oil the DiavCi i| m se March-
biirc.

Pettijcurt a harbour of Sjotland, ia
Fift(h'rc,a mile w Kin;?horn, in the frith
of Forth. It is the ulual landing-place
of pallcngers fromLeith,on ihuoppoiite
Ihore.

l\twori/i,n. town in SnlTex, with a
m irket on S«tnrday, I'eated near the
Artin, la m NE Chiciiefter, and 48 sw
London.

Pevenfi-y, a villago in Sufll-x, 14 m
w.tw llailmgs, litnatc on a rivulet th.it
enters a bay of the Mngliflt channelt
called Pevenli-y Harbour. Here is an an-
cient caftlc, which belonged to Robert
earl of Morten, and Hud ti) be the hrgefl
and mod entire remain of •' oman build-
ing to be Icen in Britain. Fevcnfey was
anciently , I famous haven, though now
It lit nearly z m from the fea. Here
Swain landed in 1049, when he cirnect
off his couiin Beorn and murdered him ;
and here William of Normandy landed,
when he inv.idcd England.

l*faffenhofc:n, a town of Bav.iria. with
a BjnediiJHni; monaftcry at a I'mall di-
(lance. It is feated on the Ilm, 15 m*
Injioldft.idt.

PfaUtn, a town of France, in the
department of Sarre, lately of Germany,
in the clt(5t 'rate of Ticves. It has a
convent, which was f.rmerlyn palace
of the kings of the Franks, and ftand»
on the .Moielle, 3 m ne Treves.

Pf 'hhr/hdnit a town of France, in
the department of M*)nt Tonnerre, late-
ly of Oermany, in the paUtinat* ei tlir
a O4

I' \i

nr

it.

* if I

"• i

PHI

Khine ; (vMsd on the river Prim, 5 m w
Worm*.

l'/t/f!i"t, i\ town of ilwinViljiidt >ii
thr t .inuiii III' /iirich, 1 i nt ( Zurich.

iy.t^r, u li'vvn of Ii.iv4ria. on t rivn
of thr l4nu' n.imr, ti<.ir itM cotilliix with
thr ly.iiMihci < I Ml » hy << U.tiilhon.

J'/rtrn, .1 uivMi jikI Ittrdllrpiti Lur4*
tia. 10 Ml 0 (itibvti.

t*/ttr%hnm% .1 town of >u.ibi.i, in the
m.irgr.tv.iti' ol ll4il> n-DurUch, with .1
caltlr. It h.ii A ir.ulc v«ith llolbiul ill
wood, and m^rnif i^turc* of cloili, tiiif}*!,
(tockiiifrn. j> wdlriy, .itui watch< ■« it i«
fcaittt on thr i'.nt/.t 1 j m K liy > Durach.

P/rrimit, n tuwn ol' tlic paUlni.itc of
Bavari.i, with n cM\\t, li.tli-d at the con-
flux of till- Ptrt imlit with the Nab, 10 m
u Amiirrg.

PfiilleHdorft .1 town of Sil.lbia, (rated
on tlic AntLillpatch, ;.; m n liy k Cun-
ilancc.

VfuUinatn, a town of Siinbin, in tlic
duchy of Wirtcniburjc, H m »K 'I'nbiiijjcn.

l'/uil/btir/{, .1 fortiftrtl town of I'rancet
In thr (it partmcnt of Mcurti-, 25 m wn w
StrniburK-

Pharos, a (mnll iflmd in the Mi-«ll«
trrrnncin lc;i» oppulitc AI<'X,iiidii:i, in
Egypt, thr Ip.icc (Ktween which and
the continent forms an cxtenfivo liar-
bour. It h.ifl n communication with ttic
continent by a (tone caufcway i.iid
bridpic. Ft formerly hAd an rxceedii'K-
ly hixh tower, calird Ph.»ros, and at the
top were iighto for thr diredion of Ihips.
Lon. ,)i II I' , lat. (o 24 n.

Fharza, anciently I'harlaii.i, a town
of European 'I'lirkty, in 'I'hciraly, fa-
mous for the dccifivf vi(5lory gained by
JuliusCt far over l'umpey,in 48 B. c. It
is an archirpiicop.ll fer, and feated on
the Eniprus, 16 m sw Larifla.

Phajis ; fee liioni.

Vhiladelphiat a city of Afiatic Turlcey,
in Natoliu, foatrd at the foot of the
mountain Timolus, in an oxtcnfive
plain. The Greeks ret.iin its ancient
name, but the Turks call it Allahijah.
It contains ii»ooo inhabitants, among
whom are aooo Clirillians, who have
four churches and a Greric archbiOiop.
It is 40 m ESK Smyrna. Lon. a8 15 k,
lat. 38 28 N.

Pli'iladelphiat the capital of Pennfyl-
Tania. and formerly the metropolis of
the United States of America, lituate in
the county of its name, on the w bank
of the Delaware, which is here a mile
broad. It was laid out by William
Penn, the firft proprietary of the pro-
vince, in 1683. and fettled by a colony
from England ; and, by a conftant in-
flux of fordgBcri, increafed to fo great

piir

A ilf^Ki', thit In leUih4n a century
nnd hi thr lilt time of the llrft prrfori
horn III It of t-ltiropr^n p4ri iiti, it wn
lontputitl to contain 6000 hinifci jg,i(
4 .'j')o liihabitanti, in the city and fub
mho. Till* popnijtion ha» been crin-l
Itantly incrcafltiK, and in iSot it H41I
eAim.itrd to contain 70.0.VO inhihiUntiJ
The •>ri|;inai plan was an oblong r(|ii4rrJ
on the illhmiis bctwcrn thr UtUw^rr'
and Mchuylkil rivcri, one mile from
to N on tfie fornttr and lw<» from n,
w on the latur Hut tin- I)iU«.it
front h.is bicii prrfcrrid, and the bun
ingt now occupy a fp.irc nearly \ m 1
leti^lh, and in tiie moil rxtrmUtl p
do not reach a milr from the I)il.iA.irr|
Thr ftrieta iiitrrf* ci each other ut ngll
antttci i the principal one is Hro^J
ftrert, \\\ fret wide, running Nan.liJ
which is croll'i'd by IliKh-ftrect,
fc't wide, ixtrnding fiom tivi-r to rii
ver ; the other flruets, in gencr^il, 4rtj
50 I'cct wide; they are nil p.iviJ,,
have broad bricked footwayn, »,:
pumps on each fule .a about looyinli
from each other, with a lamp on H
top. I iere arc t6 places of public tA
Ihip for Chrillians of various (IcnonJ
tuitions, and a fynagoKne furtlie|«J
The llitrhoule is a m.igniHccnt bmlJ
ing ; on thr left of which is a city courl
h<iufc« and on the ti^ht a philoliiphicaf
hall. Mere iikcwili' ib a county cuurtl
houtr, a mint, a public liLrary, irl
Icveral other public buildings. A iinil
verfity was incorporated here in i;9i[
its funds partly given by the liatc, .J
partly taken from the old colUjti'. M
are alii) many literary and hnmHtiriui
eties, with other ufcful innituti(ins,bo(]
public and private. The city ii d
verned by a mayor, h.is numerouirJ
nufadlures, and a confidcrable inM
and foreign trade. It is 97 m »w Nn
York, and ijo ne Walhington, lli|
prefcnt metropolis. Lon. ;j uw,!

.19 57 N-

Philip, St. a town of Sicily, in Vali|
Noto, with a CMAle. It has been \^i
celebrated for its laffron, and (land)a
a lofty hill, 30 m wNw Catania.

Philip, St. a town of Terra Firma,il
the province of Venezuela, 70 m sVj
nezuela. It was fwallowed up. ^i'l
laoo fouls, by the great earlhqual«[
1812.

Philip, St. a town of New SpainJ
Mcchoacan, a8 m n Gi'anaxuato

Philip,-St. in Spain ; fee Xativa'^
Bralil ; iee Louit dt Marannon, St

Philip IJlands, two iflands in the f
cific ocean, difcoveredby captain I
ter, in 1 79 1. They are 5 m aiundtr.i

A i t \

I

'« ih4n

40 p<iri nil, it wnl

I 6000 hcmfci tBi'J

II tlic rliv Aiijfiih
ii)i) h«» been cnn*
nd ill I lot it wtil
7o«oce iiihabilttiti,!
t«an iil)tttnKr(|ii.ir(J
(\cfii tli«" l)«'l.i\*ir'I
I, OIK mile trom
ami two iVom it.
Hut tli«' DrI4w.11
rrtilt aihI tlic bui>i.|
Ip.uH; iicirlv \ mi
lUdil rxtnuicil p^cl

from thr l)il,ujrJ
\ f .ich ollur ut rM
\\u\ ontr i» Hr>i44|
Ic, runiiinn w an.ltj
by lligh.ftmt, i.i|
ig from tivi-r to ^
■L'cti, i" uciier^l.ire
y Arc all p.«viJ,.
fil footway*, •;
Ic at about looyatiii
with a l;imy on \H
placci t>f public »oij
I of varloiu ilcnnmij
lago^uc for tliej'«i

a m.igiiificent hw\i
which i« a cilycni;t;j
; tinhi a philoliiphi
ili' i& a county ciiurtj

public lil-rary, W
ic huildlngi. A
lorated hire in \M
ivcri by the Ihte, ii

tlic old coU»'t!C. Hr
■ary atul hiiniiiiic \m

fetiil inftitutioin,

tc. The city is ;<
)r, had numcrottin
conCulcrabIc inli'^
It i8 97m»w N(

KE Walhington, Ik
Loiv. 75 10 w.M

wn of Sicily, in Vil
c. It has been Id
"affron, and ftands
wNW Catania.
,wn of Ti'rra Fittnii
enezuela, 70 m »\'
, fw allowed up. «"
e great earthquikc

ownofNewSpai^i
N Gi'anaxuato
Ipain; (te Xativa-
dt Marannon, 0/
two iflands in thej
vered by captain I '
:y are 5 m afundetil

PUT

iftiuly ft>!trt't<i^<'*twiKihiriliof the ill*
ItiMCc, 'rom the > townni the w liUiuti
which l.rit l« the fmallcft. They arc
itffreU witir (hiut>i>, h4v«' 4 fi-w 1*11
trtr* on them, orwl the land i* low.
Ion. (of the eJliirii idaiiU) 14'j J R, Ui.

}*hilti>i'n.illt% A fortirird l»<wfi of
F-jflcc, m »he drpartmenf of ArUrnnti.
Ii W4i Anciently called Cuibiitny, ind
rrcrivfct iiii prrl>nt name in honour of
Philip II of Spain. Il ii 1 6 III N UmToy.
Pkilil>^, .1 town of l'iiritp«aii Tui*

I k.71 in Mjcciloni.t, and .in archhifhop'a
i((. On the plain near thi* plice, Cal-
tut und nriiliii were defratrd l>y An*

Ifullui and M.trk Antony, in 41 m c.
It in greatly decayed, but an ariiphi-
thrairc and rever.il other moiiument>i
of iti ancient grandrur remain. It i«

Uo m K S.ilonica. Lon. %^ iH r, Ut.

U}40 N.

Philif^int, a ftrong town of the Ne«

!h(rUnit«i in Flandcr«. It was t.ikcn by

ihe Frrnch in 1747, rrftorrd in 1748,

inj ag.iii) taken in 1794. It is le.ited

Ion an arm of the Scheldt, 1 5 m n by w

JGhcnt.

Hilif^ine f/lanJj, a large group of
|il]in(lii ill the N Pacific ocean, difcovcr-
Itdby Magrllan, in i>;it, and afterward
Iconqiicrrd by thr Spaniard.s, in the
Ireij;!! of Philip II. They lie 400 m •! of
jl.hina, and arc laid to dp i 10 ) in num-
Ibcr, hut fomc hundreds of them arc
Ivfry fmall. The principal arc, luco-
liii,i, MiiuLrnao, P.ir.igoa, Samar, Mal#
Hvite, Mindoro, Luban, Panay, Lcyt.i,
llkihol, Zebu, Negros, it- John, and
\byo. This pxtenlivc group prelcnts
Mny vdlcanic appearaneei, and h fub-
fifl to violent carthquak«*8, thundrr,
ifid raini. The air is hot and inoifl,
ini the foil fertile in vice, breadfruit,
|nd many other iileful vegetables and
Iruiti. Thecotton is of peculiar benuty,
|nd the lugar-canr and cocoa-nut trees
re objr^ls of particular cuhure. Th«
i?>:« arc always green, and there arc
ipc frnitj all the yt ar. Here are many
"ilMbealts and birds, quite unlwnown in
■urope; alfo many noxious and vt-
»moui creatures, and even herbs and
lowersthat arc poilbnous. Oi)ld,cop-
»r, and iron arc amonjjthc ccitain pro«
lutls. The natives are affable, hofpita-
lle, and honeft, and cultivate the land
>ith abundant Ikill ; but they arc not
I of one original. The principal tribe,
illed Tagals, feem of Malay origin ;
'fy arc tall and well made, of a tawny
■•mplexion.and wear only a kind of fhirt
'«l looic drawers ; but the drefa of the
'omen is chiefly a large mantle, and

PT A

thtir txautiful bliick hair it of grrat
Irnnih. The houlietarv of b-imboo, eo*
«eri'd with pulm Icavm, raifml on pilUtt
to the height ol Hint' Irit The 1 lilef
fiKMl U ricr, cucoAMiuts, and falted Alh.

Set LutiiHItt.

VhiUptiitfcH, a town of European Tur-
key, in Huft^.iria, arid an 4rchbifht)p'« ie«*.
It u iic4tly built, and chiefly iiihabiird
by Grerk*. It ftanda un the MarilTit
60 m 9.^t SoUai .uid 8tt wNW Adria*
riopir '.on. tj \x », lai 4} jj ¥.

I*hilipt S'urttM, a town in .Nimerfet*
(hire, with .1 market on Thurfday, 7 m
« hv ». Hath, and 104 w London.

i'/iilif^jhui(f, A town v( N«MV Jerlty,
in SuMex county, 00 the river UeU-
w.irr, uppollte I'iadon in Pennfylvania,
41 m Nw Trenton.

I'tiilifjlurif, a town f)f New York, In
DiictietM c.'iiuty, !ieir which is a mine
that yicldi virKin (ikcr. Il Itands on
the > (tde of lludfon liver, aH m n by r
N -w York.

l*hilipjlur}^t a town .ind fortrefs of
Germany, in the late bifhnpric of S[Mre.
The iwamps round ir add greatly to its
Ihtngth. It watt taken by the French
in i7;)4, vvheu the dal\e of Berwick wat
killed the (lefjc ; but it was rcllored
the year toilowiiii;, by the treaty of
Vienna. In xj^p), it w.!! four timei
blockaded by the French republicans,
vviihout luceclli. It now bclnugs to Ba«
den, and is fcktcd on the Rhine, 17 m k
Durlach.

P/ii/iA/faii, .1 town of Sweden, In
Weinieiiiul, featcd in a niountaiiioua
country, abounding in iron mines, be-
tween two lakcH, and watered by a ri-
vulet. In 1775. it was dellroyed by
fire, but h.is been rebuilt. It is iz ru
NK Carlftad, and 160 w by n Stock-
holm.

Philiptoiun, a borough of Ireland,
capital of Kuig county. It is 42 m w^
by s Dublin, f.on. 7 15 w, lat. 53
18 V.

Phrat ; fee Kuphratfs.

Piacitiza. or Plat: f ma, a fortified
town of Italy, capital of a duchy, in-
cluded in that of Parma, and a bilhop'a
fee, with a good citadel, .ind a celebrat-
ed univerfity. The churches, convents,
Iquares, llreets, and fountains are beau-
tiful. The great fquare is ornamented
with brafs equcftrian llatucs of the cele-
brated Alexander Farncfe and hia bro-
ther Ranuncio. The inhabitants, about
30,000. have (carccly any other employ-
ment than the manufaifture of filk llufTf.
At this place, in 1746, the Auftriana
gained a dcci live vidory over the Spani-
ards aud French In 1796, the French

^1

PID PIL

tools poirefTjon of Pi.icenza ; were forced Piedmont, a liite principality of Italy,

to evacuate it in 1799 ; but regained it 150 m loiitr, aiir 90 broad ; boundeil on

in 1800. It i? .if priMier extent than the N by Viiiairt. fe, by Milantfc, 1 by

PArrni , ind ft., cd inn v til cultivated the county of r>J ice .iiid the tcrritoiy of

courtry, near thi river Pi., 38 u\ wnw Genoa, and v*' liy F« jnce and Savoy. It

P.i'-ma. l.on. 9 ,58 e, Lt- 43 j w. See
Parma.

Pianczzoy a town and catlli* of Pitvi-
mof't,. fe..ti d on tliC Dora, 6 nr» w Turin.
Piano -I, ;'n iP^nd of Iialy, off the
coafl I, "lu'^any, 6 m 9 of ihat of Lib;*,
f I is lev«:l aiid low aa the na.iiel;riportf».
Lon. I) 3rj E, 1 1. 4i 46 f .

Pjave, a river <.f Italy, which rifes
on the iVontins of tlie principrthiy of
Hiixcn, flows by Cadcre, Btliu'io, and
Pcltri, and t!irou};h the province of
Trivifo, into the ijull' of Venice, 16 ni
VF. Venice.

Piazza, a town of Sicily, in Va* di
Noto, ^i m v\ by s Cat.inia.

Picardyt a late province of Franc<',
bounded on the m bv i' linault, Aitoif,
and the ftrait of Do.cr, E by Cham-
pagne, s by the iPe if Frniice, and w
by Normandy anc! U\e Eigllfii cli:ionil.
It now forms the depaitmenf v)f S.>mme.
Piciglitone ; fee Pituigh^tone
Pickerrngt a town in N Yorkdiire,
with a market on Monday, and the re-
mains of a cadk', 36 u\ ne of York) and
323 N by w Loudon

PickerfvilUt a town of S Car'>lira, in
Pendleton county, cpital of Walhing-
ton diAriA. It is 52 ip wnw Cam-
bridge.

Picoy one of the Azores, or Weftcrn
iflandb. It haj a vclcir.c mountain,
called Pico, nboul 8000 fc.^<. in height
from the r..rface of the Ah ; and on its
iidf-s are nuxerous craters, feveral of
them now almoft concealed by trees.
Th** laft eiuption of the peak happened
in i7 iH, and deftroyed fevera! vineyard?.
Tiie ''iland is about 8e m in circumfer-
ence, and prn.Uicps a great deal of wine.
Lon. JO 26 w, !at pi, 29 n.

Piffou; a fmall ifland between that of
St John and Hie con^in^nt of Nova Sco-
tia, at the B en 1 of Northumberland
ftrait. Lon. 6: i.s •' » 'ai- 45 50 n.

Pii^s fVii.'l, in England, a famous
barrier, ere(^t<:d by the RomH:'i(, to de-
fend the Brioiifi agjinlt t'12 iiicurfions
of the Pid^s, of wf-irh iotne fmall re-
mains r;ro kit. l! began at the entrance
o*" Scl va\ *'::;h, in Cumberland^ and
pafT d ucrofj the ifland by Carlifle and
Ni wcaftle to Tynemouth

includes the dui.-; y i)t McnMeirai, and
containb mar; W\^\. nv untainB, an»org
wi ich are ncli and friiirful \ .(leys, as
populous as ai.y p.irt of I1.1i/. In the
moun[ain<i ar • rich mineu of feveral
kinds, and the fcreils ;illbrd a gieat deal
of game. The p.'ii'cip;.! rver» ai^ tlic
Po, Tanaro, Stuiia and Do;ia. This
country has a prcat trade in raw fllk;
and it p'-oduces alfo corn, rice, wine,
frml, ht'Bip, flix, &nd cife. It lately
beionn''d to the king o'" .Sardinia, and
tlu c:ip;tai was Turin. l<ut this coun.
try, with that portion of Milanefc lyitij;
w of the liver Ttfin and tiic duthym'
Parmn, are now u'.uiextvl to Fjaiice, and
dividt'd into fix rlepartmeiiis; nam'ly,
Ivrea or Doirc, Mniengo, Po 01 Eridan,
Stfia, StU'a, and Tar.aio, of which the
jhief towns are Ivrea, Alexandria, Tu-
rin^ VercoUi, Coni, and A(li.

Pienza, a town of Tu (cany, in SIen>
iicfe, «; m sE Sienn.i.

Pierre, St- a fmall ifland near New-
foundland, ceded to the French in 1763,
for drying and curing their fifli. 'Jhty
were difpofrefied of it by the Englifliin
1793. Lon. 56 o w, lat. 46 39 N.

Pierrct St. a town of Martinico, fitii.
ate on a round buy, on the w coafl, 13
m N'v Fortroyil. Lon. 61 21 w, lat. 14 1

Pierre It Moutier^ St. a town of I
Fr:inc«-, in the department of Nievre,
k-ated in a bottom, fnrrounded by
mountains, and near a lake, 15 m nw|
Moulins, and 150 6 Paris.

Pietro, St an ifland in the Meditcr- 1
ranean, 13 iji Uii.g md ^i broad, near the
sw coaftofSardiriia, taken by thcFrer^
in 1793, but retaken i'uun after.

Pignerol. <>r Pinero/a, a town of Pied- 1
mont, formtrly fortified, but now only
furronnded by a wall. It is featedoal
the Ciulbn. 18 m sw Turin.

Pilgram, a town of Bohemia, in the I
circle of Bechin, at the fource of the)
Iglan, a8 m E Tabor.

PilkingtvTii a town in Lancafliire,wiili|
confiderable manufadtures. The inha-
bitants were 5786 in 1801, and ^^si '"I
iSti. It is 4 m sw Manchetfer.

Pillauy a ieaport of Pruflia, on tbtl
Baltic. The harbour is good, and iiiil
PiduurOi a town of European Tur- well fortified, being confidered as tbcj
key, in Morea, the ancient Epidaurus; bulwark and key of the kingdom. Hcitj
fituatc o'a the w coaft of the gulf of is a magazine for military ftores ; amir
£ngia, 35 m E Napoli di Romania. Loi>. below the gate of the caftle isaftoDij
aj %i if lat. 37 40 w. rqueftrian ftatue of Frederic- Willit'

PIN

th« gwat. The ftreeH ire broad tnJ
(Iriiglit, and the houfet built in the
Dutch taftf . It i» ao m w by a Koni^r>
berg, of which it u the port- Lon. ao
JO e. lat. 54 38 s.

Pilnitz, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Miliiia, with a royal palace; celebratfd
for a treaty entered into by the princes
of Europe againll France in 1791. It is
7 m SE Drelden.

Piljerit a town of Bohemia, capital
of a circle of the fan.e name, which is
particiil.ttly rich in flirep, and noted for
excflleot checfe. It is fi)rtified, and
wdl built, and feated at the conflux of
the Kadhuza and Walta, 35 m aw
Piaitne. LK)n. 13 ,;a b, l-it. 49 41 n.

PilJ'no, or PilzoiVt a town of Poland,
in the oaUtinate of Sandomir, feated on
the Wilfake, 50 m saw Sandomir.

Pilten, a town of Courjand, capital
ef a fertile diftridt ot the fame mme. It
is feated on the WuidaUf la m nnw
GoMincen.

Pineinejf, an inland diftrirt of S Ca-
rolina, cumprehenuing the counties of
York, Chefter, Union, and Spartanburg.

Pinckneyvillf^ a to^vn of S t arolina,
in Union county, capital of Pinckney
dillriiit. It in fitu^te on Bi'oad rirer, at
thf influx of the PrtC^lci, 75 m nw Co-
lumbia Lon Ri 40 w, lat. 34 52 n.

Pines, Ijle f>f, an ifland 14 m long, in
thr S Pacihw ocean, off the s end of
New Cal>'donia. It is quite a pointed
hill. ilt)ping toward ihe txrretnities,
vhxh are vtry low; and on the low
I. n 1 are many tall pine trees. Lon. 1 67
38 ".. lat. 1) i% s.

Plnry, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Aube, la m kne Troyes.

P'mf(-king, or Pmg yuen, a city of
China, of the fiift rank, in the provinre
of Koei-tcheou. It is 930 m ssw Pe-
king. Lon. 142 28 v., lat. 36 38 N.

Ping- Hang, a. city of China, of the
firft rank, in the p ovince of Chcn-fi. It
isfiated on the Kin-ho, 550 m sw Pe-
king', Lon. 106 2$ fe,lat. 3? 35 N.

Ptnhe/, a ftron? town of Portugal, in
Beira, capita! of » territory of the fame
name. It is feateo on the Coa, »« m
N by w Guarda. Lon. 6 40 w, lat. 40
46 s.

Pinneberg., a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Holftein, capital of a
iordfhip, wiih a caftle. It is feated on
theO.ve, 15 m Nw Hamburg, and i6
SB G.uckftadt.

Pinos, an ifland of the W Indies, on
th'sfide of Cuba, 15 m lonjc and 15
Broad, mountainous, and covered with
pinw. Lon. 2 a 33 w, lat. aa sN.

PI S

Pinjk, a town of Lithuania, in the
palatinate of Hrzefc. There are mmy
Jfws among the inhabit.ints, and the
Greeks ha-e a biflii p. The chief ma-
nufacture is drefllng Kuflian leather. It
is furrounded by moraflcs, and Itands
on a river of the fimc name, 9; m K
Bizefc. Lun. 26 20 f, lat. 52 lU n.

Piombino, a fnMll principality of
Italy, on the coaftof Tufcany.to which
was annexed the ifland of Elba, feparat-
ed hy a channel 7 m broad It had ita
own prince, under the proteAion of
Nap!c»; but, fince 1800, the continental
part has belonged to Tufcany, and the
ifland to France.

Piotiihino, a feaport of Italy, capital
rf the prmcipality of the fame name.
It has a gooil harbour, defended by a
citadel, and is feated on a peninfula, 40
m ssE Leghorn. Lon. 10 23 e, lat. 42
57 N.

Piperno, a town of Italy, in Cam-
pagna di Roma, built out of the ruins of
the ancient Privernum, and leated on
a mountain, 9 m nnw Terracina.

Pipley, A town of Hindoodan, in Ben-
gal, winch formerly had Englilh and
Dutch fn(5toiies; feated on the Suban-
reeka, not far frum its mouth, 53 m s
Midnapour.

Pirano, a fmall fiaport of Iftria, feat-
ed on a peninfula, 6 m sw Capo d'iflria.

Piritz, a town of Further Pomei ania,
where the ancient dukes of Pomcrania
often reflded ; feated near the lake Mai-
dui, 13 m 6 by w New S'argard.

Pirmafens, a town of France, in the
department of MontTonnerre, lately of
Germany, in the duchy of Deux Ponts.
Near this place, in 1793* the French
were defeated by the PrufTians. It is
13 m E Deux Ponts.

Pir/ta, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Mifnia. It has .^ caflle on a mountain,
called Sonnenltein, which was almoil
delfroyed by the Pruflians in 1756 and
1758, and is now an alylum for invulids,
^c. It is a place of confiderable trade*
fituafeon the Elbe, ta m se Dreidcn.

Pi/at a city of Tufcany, capital of
Pifano, and an avchb'fliop s ft*-, with a
famous univerlity, and t. ree forts. The
Arno runs through the city, and over it
are three bridges, the miildle one con-
flruiSed of marble; and there is a canal
hence to Leghorn. Pifa formerly Cvin-
taiiu'd locjcoo inhabitants, but there
are not at prelent above 16,000, fo that
grals grows in fome ot the Itrcets. The
mannfadturei* confift of ftecl, jewellery,
embroidery, damaflcs, velvet, taflfetaj'
and calico. The cathedral is a magni-

*\

V. \,

rm'Wmn
m:m\

PIS

flcent ftruAure, and with its baptiftiy,
belfry, and cemetery, which an- de-
tached fabrics, occupy a very confider-
able fpace ; the belfry is a Icanitig tower,
much noticed by travellers. There are
upward of 80 more churches, and that
of St. Stephen, belonging to an order of
Irtii^;ht3, and St. Maria dell i Spina, in
•which part of our S.iviour s crown of
thorns is faid to be preferred , arc de-
ferving of notice. The othir remnrk-
able buiWings are the palaces of the
grand duke and archbifhop, the arfcnai,
the great hofpital, and the magnificent
exchange; the lad isalmod luptrfluous,
as the trade of Pifa is removed to Leg-
horn. Three m n of the city are cele-
brated baths, conltriifted at the expenfe
of the hofpital of Pifa ; and the revenues
arifing from them are appropriated to
the hofpital. This city was poll tiled
arid evacuated by the French republi-
cans, in the fame manner at* that of Leg-
horn. It is feated in a fertile plain. 4
m from the Mediterranean, la nne
Leghorn, and 48 why s Florence. Lon.
10 z^ E, lat. 4? 43 N.

Pifanoy a province of Tufci^ny, lying
swof Florentine, on the Mediterranean.
It is 47 m long and 25 broad ; abounds
in corn, oil, wine, and is well cultivat-
ed ; but fome of the neceflaries of life
are dear- Pifa is the capital.
Pifcadorfs; fee Pong-hou.
P'lfcataqmi 3 river of New Hamp-
Ihire, the mouth of which forms the
only port in that ftate, and at its en-
trance is a lighlhoufc. Lon. 70 41 ^^'>
lat 43 4 N.

Plfcatanuatjy a town of Maryland, in
Prince George county, on a creek of its
name which Duws vv into the Potomac,
14 m s Wafliington.

P'tfcOf a town of Peru, in the audience
of Lima, with a good r<>ad for fliips. It
is feated in a country rich in excellent
fruit and wine, 140 m sst Lima. Lon.
75 ?5 w, lat. 13 .^6 s.

Ptfekt a town of Bohemia, capital of
the circle of Prachin. Bohemia dia-
monds ar" found here. It is ic^ted on
the Watawa, near its conflux with the
MuKiaU; 58 m ssw Prague. Lon. 14 o
V, la<. 49 2 1 r^.

P'ljhour \ fee Pe'ijhore.
Pi/hia, a city of Tufcany, in FIo-
rentino,andubi{hop's fee. with a citadel.
Here are feveral fine churches, mag-
niiicent palace.s and handfome ftreots ;
but it is almoft defert. d- In the neigh-
bouring mountains, which are a part of
the Apennines, are mines of copper
and cryftals. It is feated near the Stel-

29

r

PUT

la, io m WNw Florence. Lon. n

^■^l■^t• 43 5.S ^^

Pithn, a feaport of Sweden, in W
Bothnia, with a fortrefs 5 feated on a
finall iflaiid, at the mouth of the Pitha,
in the Kulf of B;)thnia, and joined to the
continent by a wof)den bridge. It is
9? m NNE Uma. Lon. ao 58 e, lat- 65

Pit/'iivhrj ; fee Pluviers.
PitLeatlihj, a village of Scotland, in a
leftired vale, 5ms Perth. Here
are mlniral waters that have been long
famed in fcorbutic complaints, and it
has trood accommodations for invalids.
Pitfc/ient a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Rrieg, on the frontiers
of Poland, ,io m N E Brieg.

Pittoiweem, a borough of Scotland,
it) Fif '^hire, with a harbour on the frith
of Forth. In the vicinity are coal mines
and flit works. It is 10 m s by e StJ
Andrew.

Pitt/bur^, a town of N Carolina, chief
of Chatham county. It is famous for
pure air and water, and ftands on a
rifing ground, in a rich and well culti*
vated country, 16 m w Ralegh.

Pittjlurg, a town of Pennfylvania,
capital of Allegany county, fituate on
a point of land between the rivers Alle-
gany and Monongahela. It is the flaple
of commerce for Philadelphia with the
weftern country, and alfo for the nu-
merous eftablifliments formed on the
above two rivers, which here unite and
take the name of Ohio ; and by this river
and the Mifliflippi, it hao a trade with
Louifiana and New Orleans. Herewai
Fort Du Quefne, which was abandoned
by the French in 175)!. on the approach
of general Forbes, and its name changed
to F'jft Pitt ; but it is now gone to de-
cay. Fort Fayette, a recent ftrudlure,
ftands on the bank of the Allegany.
Here are manufadtures of glaffi, nails,
hats, and tobacco ; and Ihip-building is
pra(^ifed to a confjderable extent. It
is 300 m w by N Philadelphia. Lon.
80 8 w, lat. 40 22 N.

Pittsfifld, a town of Maflachufets, in
Berkshire county, fituate in a rich vale,
on the Houfatonic, 38 m w North-
ampton.

Pittjtoivn^ a town of New Jerfey, in
Hunterdon county, on the w headwa-
ters of the Rariton,32 ni n Trenton.

Pittjio-un, a town of the diftrift of
Maine, in Lincoln county, fituate on the
Kennebec, 22 m n by w WifcafTet.

Piura, a town of Peru, capital of a
jurifdidion of the fame name, in thedio-
cefe of Truxillo. This was the firft Spa*

•T'' ^

PL A

nilli fettlftnent in Peru, founded by Pi-
71110 in 153 1, and its territory produces
much cotton, fug;»r,ni:iize, and fruit. It
Ihnds 7 m from tlir* fen, on the w banic
of a river,whirh is fometimi's dry in fum-
iner, for it fddom rains htrc. It is 2j
m SB Paita, and 255 nw 'IVuxilio. Lon.
80 29 w, lat. 5 15 s.

Pizzighetoitf, a fortififd town of Italy,
in Cremonefe, with a ftrong caflic, in
which Francis i of France wan kept pri-
foner. It was taken by the French in
1733, again in 1706, and retaken by the
Auftrians and Ruflia 19 in 1799. It is
fiUiate on tho Adda, 10 m nw Cremona.
Pizzo, a town of Naples, in Calabria
Ultra, on the gulf of St- Eufemia, 4 m
w l>y N Monte l^eone.

P/acentia, a city of Spain, in Eftrema-
dura, and a bifhop's lee, with a caftle.
It is feated in a plain, almoft Airround-
ed by mountains, 50 m nk Alcantara,
and 110 wsw Madrid. Lon. 5 55 w,
lat. 40 6 N.

PIneentia, a town of Spain, in Bifcay,
feated on the Oeva, 25 m e by s Bilboa.
Plaeentiot a leaport of Newfound-
land, on the E fide of a large bay on the
8 part of the idand. The haVbour is ca-
pacious, and defended by a fori, called
St. Louis. It is 60 m wsw St. John.
Lon. 53 43 w, lat. 47 15 n.
Placenza ; fee Pi»cenza-
PlainfieU, a town of Connedlicut, in
Windham county, on the w fide of the
Quinabang, 10 m ese Windham.

P/att, a town of Bohemia, in the cir-
cle of PilfAi, with a caftle» 20 m se
r^gra.

Plaffey, a town of Hindooftan, in Ben-
)»al, leated in a plain, memorable for a
great vitJtory obtained by colonel ("live,
in 1757, over the nabob Surajah Dow-
lah. It is 25 m s Moorihedabad.

P/ata, or Chnqidfaca, a city of Peru,
capital of the audience of Charcds, and
an archhifhop's fee, with a iiniverfity.
The cathedral is large, and finely adorn-
ed with paintings and gildings It is
fi'ated on the Chimao, 600 m se Cufco.
Lon. 66 34, w, lat 19 16 s.

Plata-, or llio de la Plata, a large ri-
ver of S America, formed by the union
of the great rivers Parana and Uraguay.
It was difcovered, 1.1 1515, by Juan
Diaz de Solis, a Spanifh navigator, who
was (lain by the natives in endeavour-
ing to make a delcent in the country.
It forms the s boundary of Brafii, and
enters the Atlantic between the capes
of St. Anthony and St. iMary, the latter

HI lat 35 s. It is 150 m broad at its
raouth } at Monte Video, 60 m up the
river, the land is not to be dilcerned on

P L E

cither fhore, when a vrfTel is in the mid-
dle of the channel ; and at Uucnos
Ay res, 160 m higher, the oppofite ihure
is not to be dilcerned from that city.
This river has many iflets and (hoals,
which caufe advcrfe currents, and ren-
der the navigation intricate. It gives
name to a province of Paraguay, now
more ufually called Buenos Ayrcb, from
its capital

Plate Forme, a town of St- Domingo,
on the s fide of the n pcniniula, 21 m
ssE St. Nicholas.

Plate, a town and caflle of Further
Poinerania, on the river llega, 19 m E
by s Camin.

P/<j«ff,ariver of Louifiana, which has
its fource near that of the Arkanfa, and
flows above 1200 m e to the Miffoiiri,
which it enters in lat. 41 3 N, and ig
there 600 yards wide. Its (Iream is ra-
pid and fhallow, and contains a great
number of fmall iflands.

Flatten , a lake of Hungary, 60 m to
the sii of that of Neufidler. It is 46 m
in length, from 3 to 8 in breadth, and
abounds with fifh.

P/atten, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Saatz, on the frontiers of Mif-
nia, 14 m N Elnbogen.

Plattjhtirfr, a town of New York,
chief of Clinton county. It is fituate
on Lake Champlain, 50 m N Crown
Point.

Piatt, a town of Lower Saxony, in the
duchy of Mecklenburg, with a caftie;
fealed on a lake of the fame name, 20 m
S£R Guftrow.

Platii-H, a town of Upper Saxony, ca-
pital of Voigtland, with a c iftle. It has
confi<lerab!f cotton manufaflures, and
is leatt'd on the Elfter, 80 m sw Dreiden.
I-.on. I : i; E, lat. 50 28 N.

Plauen, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Thuringia, with an ancient caflle on a
mountain, feated on the Gera, 15 m 3
Erfurt.

Platien, a town of Brandenburg, in
the \liddle mark, on a take formed by
the Havel, from which h a onal to the
Elbe. It has a manuf.id.sre of porcelain,
and is 5 m w^w Hrandeiiburg.
Plefcof\ lee Pjkof.

Plejhey., a village in Eil'-'x, 7 m nnw.
Chelms^ford. It was the leat of the lord
high conftable of England, from the in-
ftitution of that office to the year 1400. >
On the fite of his cattle is now a brick
farm-honfe.

Ple^e, a town of Silefia, capital of a
lordlhip, with a fine caftie. It is fur-

\%:,K.

rounded by walls flanked with towers,
and feated on the Viftula, 36 m ESB
Ratibjr. Lon. 19 3 e, lat, 49 57 w.

■«

':J ! ,,

1- !

ffl

11

Ill

" ■•■ fit

il

i f.

ll

<ll

PLY

fleltrnberxx a town of Weftphalla, ?n
the county uf Marki with an iincient
cadlc; fituate on the Elfe and Oiflcr,
28 m ff Ham.

PlrttenLrrx Rai/, a bay on ihe « cnaft
of Africa, w hi»:h afFo'-d.H pood anrh()r.
age, but in rxpoft (I to the force of the
wavrti. Lon 24 40 k, lat. s)4 0 s.

PUyberg, a town an«l caftle of fjpr-
mmy, in Carinthia, ffifed on tht* hVif.
t'-z. at the foot uf a nnountain, 20 in E
Ciavenfiirt

Ploczko, a town of Poland, cnpitil of
a palatinate (t^ ,e fame name, and a
biHiop'A /i-e, with a ciftle. Jt is ("eatcd
on a hill, near the Viftuls, 75 m nw
Warftw. Lon. 19 19 k, lit 51 46 n.

PloeH, a town of Lowtr S-txuiy, in
the duchy of Iloldeiii, capital of a prin-
cipality of the fame name. It has a cnf-
tie on a mouniain, and is featcd on the
N fidt? of the lake, 24 m nnvv Luliec
Lon. 10 50 K, lat. 54 1 1 N

PloermrL a town of Fsance, In the de-
partment of Morbihan, J7 tn n« Vacnei'.

Pfotziau, a town o\ Upper Saxony,
in the ptincipality of Anhalt, with a caf-
tle. feated on the Saal, 10 m w Coihtn.

Pludenz^ a town of Germany, in Ty-
rol, r<'a;e(l in a plain on the river 111, 12
m s.sf Ftldkirch.

Plumjiead, a town of Pennfylvania,
in BucJ<s C(>nnt7, feaied on Delaware
river. 36 m N Philadelphia.

Pluvierj, or Pithiviersy a town of
France, in the department of Loiret, 20
m NVE Orleans.

Plymouth t a borough and feaport in
Devonshire, jrovtrned by a mayor, with
a market on Monday, Thnrfday, and
Saturday. It is featcd at the mouth of
the Plym, and. next to Portfmouth, is
the molt confiderabic harbonr in I'lng-
land for men of war. There are, pro-
p riy fp«>aking, three harbours, called
Caiwiter, Sot'on Pool. an<l Himoazf.
The firft is the month of the Plym, and
a commodious harhour for mei chant
fhips, but is ftldom entered by (hips of
war. The fecoiid, frequented by mer-
chant fh ps oidy, is almoft furrmnded
by the houfcs of the tr)wn, and further
ficured by an extenfive pier. The third
is the mouth of the 'I'amar, and is the
harl)our for large fli'ps, having m«>or-
ings for ga, and good .inchurage for a
much greater number. Thele harbours
uiiite in a capacious bay, called the
Sound ; and their entrances are defend-
ed by a fort on St. Nicholas ifland, by
a citadel nearly oppofite to that idand*
upon a hill which overlooks the town,
and by fevenl batteries and hlock>hou(es
em different points of the barbuur. See

PLY

Plf/meuth-dock. Near the citadel is the
Victunlling Office, an exteti/ive range of
buildingRi in which are two b.dcehoufe!),
each containing four ovens, that in one
day can bake a i'ufiicient qnantity of
bread for 16.000 men. The fifhery for
pilchardk extends no further % than this
port, whence great quantities are ex-
pr)ricd to Italy and other catholic
c >untries. Plymouth hui two parifli
churched, is governed by a mayor, ai.J
cirries <»ii a conliderable foreign and
domcftic tra'le. The ruimber of in-
habitants wa.i 19 040 ill iR'ji, and
20.H03 in 181 1. It ii^well fupplnd with
fn 111 water, fird brousht hire, irom a
pi ice 7 m off", by the fur >u fir Fi an(ris
Drake. It is 4j m sw !..> ttr, and ai6
w by » London. Low. 4 7 w, Ut.
50 21 N.

Plymouth, a feaport of M-tfTarhnfetn,
capital of a county of the iitme name.
It is the oldeft fetl'emt nt in New Eng.
land; nnd the roek on which their fore-
fathers fird landed was c<»nviyed, in
1774, from the Ihore to a Iquaie in the
centre of the town. The principal
bnfinefsof the pldce i« the c<id filhtry,
in which are empli yed 2000 tons of
fhippirg. It is firuate on the s end of
Plymouth bay, 42 m h<v. DoHon- Lon.
70 45 w, hit. 41 58 y.

Plymouth, a town of New Hampfhire,
in Gratton county, fltuiite on iht Pe-
migewaflet, at the iitflux of Baker
river, 25 m u Hanover.

Plymouth, a town of N Carolina, on
the s iide of Roanoke river, 4 m above
Albemarle found, and a3ssw Edcnton.

Plymouth'doci, the largtft town in
Devonlhire, fituate 2 m nw Plymouth,
on an eminence between St«)nehoiife
creek on the e, and Hamoaze on the
w. It is of modern date, and owel
its origin, and rapi I increafe. to the
cftablifli-nent of the dock.yard and na-
val arfenals along the fc. banknf the Ha«
nioaze. The king's dock yard is one
of the Bncft in the woild, occupying
near 7a acres, and having all the con-
veiiieui-es for building and fitting out
Oiips of war : it is ieparated from the
town by a high wall, and both are de-
ferded by ftrong fortifications. The
governor of Plymouth now refides here,
in u handfome houfe overlooking the
harbour from a rocky emint!iicc. Near
it are fix fquares 01 barracks ; and about
halfa mile Uiftant are military hoi'pitHlDtor
the fick. The town contains a church,
two chapelb (another in the dockyard)
fevtral meeting-houfts, a public li-
brary, and a magnificent theatre and
hoitl. The market-place is large, and

POD

a market, though iiot chartered, in held
fhricc a wc»*k. The trade and popula-
tion, in time of war, in very confider-
.iblc; the number of inhabitants waa
2^747 in i8ot, nnd 30,ctt3 in iSiit
cjtciulivc of th«: army and riavy.

Plymptony a borough in Devonrtiirc,
jjoverncd by a m.iyor, with a marltct on
Saturday. It had once a caftle, now in
ruins : nnd is one of the ftannary towns
for tin. It 18 feated near the rlym, 7
ni K Plymouth, and 21B w by s Lon-
don.

Plynlimmon, a vaft mountain of
Wales, partly in MontRomerylhirc, and
partly in Ciirdiganfliire. The lofticft
liimmit is 8463 feet above the levol of
the fea. The Severn, the Wye, and
other rivers, have their Iburce in this
mountain.

Po^ the principal river of Italy, which
has its fource at Mount Vifo in Picd-
inotit. flows through Mont- •'•at, Mi-
lanefe (-long the border of ' ..rmeian)
and a (mall part of Modeiicfe,* into
Mantuan, which it croflTes into Fer-
rarefe, where it divides at Ficlierulolo,
and then enters the gulf of Venice by
four principal mouths. In its courie
it receives ieveral rivers, and often
overflows its banks, as mod of tholt
riviTS defcend from the Alps, and
are increafed by the melting of the
fooM . It gives name to a new depart-
ment of France, including part of Pied-
mont, ui )A hich the capital is Turin.

Pq, a river of China, in the province
of Kiang-li, which runs into the Po-
yang-hou, a fmall diftance from Jao-
tcheou.

PocilifrnrtoK, a town in E Yorkfhire,
with a market on Saturday, feated ou
a ftream that runs into the Derwent,
14 m E York, and 194 N by w London.

Podenjleiity a town of Franconia, in
tile principality of Bamberg, near the
fource of the Putlach, 30 m se Bam-
berg.

Podlachlat a province of Pol;»nd, 88
m long and 30 broad ; bounded on the
N by Pruflia, e by Lithuania, s by the
palatinate of Lublin, and w by that of
Mafovia. It is alfo called the palati-
nate of Bielflc, from the capital.

Podolia, a province in the se part of
Poland, wrefted from that country by
Rtiflia, in 1793. T^^^ Dniefter fepa-
rates it from Moldavia on the sw ; and
the Bog crofles it from the K in a se
diredion. It is divided into the pala-
tinates of Podolia and Bracklaw, of
which Kaminieck and Bracklaw are the
capitals.

Ptdoljki a towQ of Ruffia, in the

POL

government of Molcow, feated on the
Mockra, between two hills, a8 m s

MolCDW.

Podor, a fortrefs of Africa, on the
river Senegal, built by the French. It
wasccdedto the Englifh in 1763, but
afterward taken by the French, and
confirmed to them by the peace of 1783.
Lon. 14 ao w, lat. 17 in.

PojjX'''' * t(»wn of 'J'uicany, with a
handlbme paljce, B m sk, Florence.

Poggiobonzi, a town of Tufcany,
with the ruins of a citadel, Icated near
the EUa, ao m i Florenc*;.

P'gXH/' ^" iflat'd in the Indian ocean,
on the w fide of Sumatra, and ftparatcd
from the n end of that of Naflau by a
narrow channel. It is triangular, and
about 30 m in length. Lon. 99 30 k,
lat. a ao s,

Poirino, i town of Piedmont, 14 m
SE Turin.

Poify, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Seine and Oiie, near the
foreft of St. Germain, 15 m nw Paris.

Poitiers, a town of France, capital of
the department of Vienne, and a bi-
(hop's fee. The population is not in
proportion to the extent ; for it include!
a number of gardens and fields within
its circuit. It has feveral Uoman anti-
quities particularly an amphitheatre,
partly demoliflied, and a triumphal
arch, which ferves as a gate to the great
ftreet. Here, in 1356, Edward the
black prince gained a vicflory over the
French, taking prifoners king John and
his fon Philip, wiiom he brought to
Kngland. The principal manuradlurei
."ireftockings, woollen caps, gloves, and
ombs. It is feated on a bill, by the
river Clain, 5a m sw Tours, and 120
N )y E Bourdeaux. Lon- u ai £, lat.
4635N.

Poitou, a late province of France,
bounded on the n by Bretagne, Anjouy
and Touraine, E by Touraine, Berry,
and Marche, s by Angoumois, Sain-
tonge, and Aunis, and w by the bay of
Bifcay. It is fertile in corn and wine,
and feeds a great number of cattle, par-
ticularly mules. It now ferms the de»
partments of Vendue, Vienne, and Two
Sevres.

Pola, a llrong feaport of Iftria, and
a bifliop's fee. Here are large remains
of a Roman amphitheatre and a tri-
umphal arch. It is leated on a moun«
tain, near a bay of the gulf of Venice,
38 m s Capo d'Iftria. Lon. 14 9 e,
lat. 45 »3 N.

Poiand, a country of Europe, bound-
ed on the N by Pruflla, Courland, Li«
vonia, and Ruflia, w by the Baltic,.

I

POL

Branilcnbiirjr, and Siiefia, i liy llmi-
pary nnJ MuUtavia. and t by Kuflla and
the territorit'3 wrcfttrd by that power
from the Turki. It is divided intofuur

ftriiicipai parts, Great Poland, Little
'oland, Red Riiflia, and Lithuania :
each of which is fubdivided into palati*
nates, or provinces. Poland has now
no political exiftcncr ns a nation, being
dividi-d among the neighbouring Dates.
The government was monarchical and
ariilocratical ; all the adls of Itate being
ill the name of the king and republic of
Poland. The king was the only eleiflive
fovereign in Europe ; being chofen by
a general diet fummoncd by the arch-
bifhop of Gnefna, as chief of the repub-
lic during the interregnum. This cir-
cumftancc proved the fource of great
calamities; for, on the dcmife of every
fovereign, the country was generally in-
volved in a war, between contending
factions, refpcdtively fupported by fo-
reign powers. In 1772, a p.irtition of
this coHntry, projedttd by the king of
Pruflia, was effVded by that monarch,
in conjunftion with the emprrfs of Ruf-
fia and ihc emperor of Germany. By
this partition, one third of tlie country
was vvrefted from the republic, the diet
being compelled, by a foreign force, to
mnke and to ratify this imprirtant cef-
fion. 'Ihe three partitioning powers,
moreover, forcibly efFerted a great
ciuDge in the conilltution. In 1791.
however, the king and the nation, in
concurrence, almoft unanimoufly, and
without any foreign intervention, etta-
bliihed another conftitution. By this
the evils of an elc6Uve monarchy were
avoided, the throne being declared hc-
r«d:'.ary in the houfe of Saxony. The
rights and privileges of all orders in the
republic (the king, the nobles, the citi-
zens, and the peafaiits) were alike equi-
tably conliilled; and it feemed to be
formed agreeably to the univerfal wilh
of the nation. A few of the nobility,
however, difcontented at the generous
facrifice of fome of their privileges, re-
paired to the court of Riiffia ; and thtir
reprefentations concurring with the am-
bitious views of the emprefs, ihe fent an
army into Poland, under pretext of
being guarantee of the conftitution of
1772. Her interference was too power-
ful to be refilled ; and this new confti-
tution was overthrown. But the prin-
cipal objedl for which the Ruflian army
entered Poland was not yet attained.
The emprefs had planned, in conjunc-
tion with the king of Pruffia, a fecond
partition of this country, which took
place in 1793. !?uch multiplied op-

POL

prffljons at laft rouftd the fpirit of tlie
nation. General Kofcinfku appeared,
in 1794, at the head of a Poliln army,
toaflert the independency of his coun-
try, and to recover the provinces wrell-
ed from it. He was ruccelsfnl, at firft,
againll the king of Prulfia ; but was de-
feated and taken prifoner in the iLqucI,
by the Uufiians, who foon after took the
capital, Warfaw. The king fi)rmally
refigncd his crown at Grodno in 1795,
and was afterward removed to Peierl-
biirg, where he remained a kind of ftate
prifoner, (ill his death in 1798. The
whole of the country was divided
among the three partitioning powers.
Aaftria had Little Poland, and the
greatcft part of Red Ruflia and Podo-
lia, which is now called the kingdom of
Galicia ; Pruflia had Great Poland, Po-
lilh Pruflia, a fmaU part of Lithuania,
and Polachia; and KulFia had Samo-
gilia, the remainder of Lithuania, Vol-
hiiiia, and Podolia. The towns of Po-
land are for the mod part built with
wood ; and the villages conflfl: of mean
cottages or huts. The country is fo
fertile in corn in many places, that it
fupplies Sv,reden and Holland with
large quantities, and it has extcnfive
paitures. Peat, ochre, chalk, belem-
nites, agate, chalcedony, cornelians,
onyxes, jafper, rock cryftals, amethyfts,
garnets, topazes, fapphires, and even
rubies and diamonds are found in Po-
land ; alfo talc, fpar, lapis calaminaria,
coal, iron, lead, and quickfilver. Here
is much leather, fur, hemp, flax, falt>
petre, alum, marma, honey, and wax;
and there are mines of fait, of a great
depth, out of which is dug rockfalt.
Horles are numerous, very ftrong, fwift,
and beautiful ; and horned cattle are
bred in fuch numbers, that above 80,000
are driven every year out of the coun-
try. The principal rivers are the Dnie-
per, Viltula, Dwin?-, Niemen, Dnicfter,
Bog, and Bug.

Poleron ; fee Poolor$oH.

Pole/iOt a name commonly given to
the palatinate of Brzefc, in Lithuania.

PokJinOf a province of Italy, in the
duchy of Venice; bounded on the n
by Paduano, e by Dogado, s by Fcr-
rarefe, and w by Veronefe. It is 41 m
long and 17 broad, and fertile in corn
and pafture. Rovigo is the capital.

Polf St. a town of France, in the de-
portment of Pas de Calais, noted for
mineral waters, 16 ra nw Arras.

Policaadro, an iflard in the Archipe-
lago, one of the Cycladea, ao m in
circuit. Here are a few villages, a
caiile, and a harbour ; but it confifts.

POL

in general, of barren rocks and moun-
tains- It lifs between Milo and Puros.
Lon. as u ''i I'lt' .^-6 ,^i n.

Policajho, a town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato Citra, on a gulf of tlu- Time
nam«.', in the Mcdilerraiicao, 85 m sk
Naples. Loll. 15 40 b, lat. 40 15 t*'*

PoUxnatio, a town of Naples, in Ter-
ra di bari, feated on a craggy rock, iie.ir
the gulf o» Venice, 16 m u Bari.

Pol'tgny, u town of France, in the de-
partment of Jura, fealcd on a vivulct,
ao m ssw Belli n(;on.

Polina, a town of European Turkey,
in Albania, 12 m s Dura/zo.

Politz, a town of Hither Pomerania,
noted for hops, 8 m n Stettiu.

Politzka, a walled town of Bohemia,
in the circle of Chrudim, on the fron-
tiers of Moravia, 23 m se Chrudim.

Polizzi, a town of Sicily, in Val di
Mazara, at Die foot of the mountain
Madonia, 42 m si. Palermo.

Poiioivitz, a town of Silcfia, in the
principality of Glogau, 13 ms Glogau.
Pollocfi/haws, a town of Scotland, in
Renfrewlhire. It has numerous bleach-
fields, and ftands on the river White
Cart, 4 m wsw Glafgow.

Polno, a town of Further Pomerania,

on the river Grabow, 38 in ese Colberg.

Polore, a town of Hindooftan, in the

Carnal ic, 26 m ssw Arcot, and 55 nw

Pondichcrry.

Polotjk, a government of Ruflia,
formed of part of the palatinate of Li-
thuania, difmembered from Poland by
the treaty of partition in 1772. The
produ<it* are chiefly grain, hemp, flax,
and pafture; and the forefts furnifli
great abundance of mafts, planks, oak
forfhip-building, pitch, tar. Sec which
are chiefly fent down the Dwina to Riga.
Polotjk, a ftrong town of Ruflia, ca-
pital of a government of the fame name.
In 1812, it was entered by the Fr»:nch,
and on Auguft 17, the Ruflians gave
them battle here, and the French were
driven into the town ; but on October
20, the Ruflians retook the town by
ftorm. It is feated on the Dwina, at
the influx, of the Polota, ia6 m nnw
Mohilef, and 144 ene Wilna. Ion. 27
50 B, lat. 55 43 N.

Polten, St. a town of Auftria, the re-
fidence of a great number of the nobi-
lity. The adjacent country yields ex-
cellent fafFron. It is feated on the Dra-
fam, 35 m w Viemia. Lon. 1$ 41 e,
lat. 48 13 N.

Poltzin, a town of Further Pomera-
nia, near which are medicinal fprings
and baths. It is 33 m se Colbcrg.
P^ljfti^at " t^roi applied by fome

PON

geographers to the circuit that includet
thofe numerous idands in tiic Pacific
ocean lying e of tli«; Philippines and
Anftralafia ; namely, th'- Pricw, La-
drom-, Caroline, Saii(!\*icf, M.uqurla,
Socii ty and Friendly iflcii, and oihcrii
included within thoie group-.

Poml>a/, a town of PoitUj^al, in F.ftre.
madura, with an ancient ca.'tle, i6m
Nu Leirii, and 21 « Coimbr.!.

Pomegue, a fmall ifland in the Medi-
terranean, near the coift of I'Vancc, at
the entrance into the harbour of Mar-
Icillcs, defended by a tower, with a gar-
rifon.

Pomerania, a duchy of Germany, in
the circle of Upper Saxony, 250 m long
and 75 broad ; bounded on the n by
the Baltic, e by Pruflii and Poland, »
by Brandenburg, and w by Mecklen-
burg. Tlie air \i pretty cold, but
coinpenfatcd by iIk* fertility of the foil,
which abounds in pafture and corn, of
which laft a great deal is exported. It
is a flat country, containing many lakes,
woods, and forefts, and has feveral good
harbours. The principal rivers are the
Oder, Reckenitz, P^ene, Ucker, Rcga,
Perfante, Wipper, Ihna, Stolpen, and
Ltbo. It is divided by the Oder into
Hither and Further Pomerania. The
latter, and part of Hither Pomerania,
lately belonged to the king of Pruflia ;
and the remainder, n of the Peene, to
the king of Sweden. Stettin and StraU
fund are the chief towns.

Pomerelia, a diftriift of W Pruflia,
extending w from the river Viftula, to
the duchy of Pomerania, of which it was
formerly a part. Dantzic is the capital.
Pomfreti a town of Conned^icut, in
Windham county, i a m n n e Windham,
and 40 E by N Hartford.

Pomona, or Mainlandy the principal
of the Orkney iflands, 24 m long and
from 6 to 10 broad; but interfered by
numerous arms of the fea. The general
appearance of this country is much the
fame as the Mainland of Shetland ; but
the foil is rnore fertile, and in fome parts
better cultivated . Kirkwall is the capi-
tal. See Orkneys.

Pondicherry, a town of Hindooftan,
in the Carnatic It was firil fettled by
the French in 1674; and previoufly to
the war of 1756 was a fine city. It ex-
tended along the fea-coaft above a mile,
and had a citadel, then the beft of its
kind in India, which was taken by the
Englifli, in 1761, and immediately razed,
in retaliation of M. Lally's conduiJt to-
ward fort St. David, in 1758. The
town was refliored in 1763; taken by
theEnglilh in 1778; reftorcd in 1783 j

i'

TON

■ml Jlgain tikm by thr Englifti in 179.1.
It i« 85 m » by w Madrui. Lon. 79 53
E, lat. II 4> N.

Pondieo, A rmnll uninhabited ifland of
the nrrci-iri Archipelago, near the coaft
of Ni'gntpdnt.

Ponjferratln, a town of Spain, in Leon«
on the river Sill, 40 m «w Leon.

l*ani(-/ion, or Pijf adorn, a chider of
in.-t'iiii in the China (ea, lyin^,' 6 leagui's
from the w coaft of the ifland of For-
mdfa. They are only fand banica or
rodeo; and not ,1 (hrub is to be feen
upon them. The harbour of Pong-hou
in good, and wai fortified by the Dutch,
while they wer« mailers of Formofo.
A Chinefe garrifon is kept here, with
one of the mandarins c.ilted literati,
whofe chief employment it to watch
the trading vefTels between China and
Formofa. Lon. lai 25 k, lat. 15 30 n.
Pons, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower CharenK?, with a
mineral fpring ; feated on a hill, near
the river Sevigne, 10 m 8 Saintrs.

Pons, St. a town of France, in the
department of Hfrault, and lately a bi-
(hop's fee. It is feated in a valley fur-
rounded by mountains, in which are fine
marble (|uarric8, 24 m N Nurbonnc.
Lon. a 47 c, Int. 43 29 k.

Pont de fArc/iti u town of France, in
the department of Eure, feated on the
Seine, 18 m n Evreux.

Pont Audemer, a town of France, in
the department of Kure, feated on the
Rille, 23 m wsw Ruuen, and 38 nw
Evreux.

Pont de Camnre, a town of France, in
the depiirtmcnt of Aveiron, noted for
mineral w;iters, 40 m ssb Rodez.

Pont de CV, a town of France, in the
department of Mayenne and Loire, feat-
ed on the Loire, 3ms Angers.

Pont rEvegue, a town of France, in
the department of Calvados. It is a
trading place, feated on the Touque, 4
m from the fea, and 40 wsw Rouen.
Lon. o 10 R, lat. 49 17 w.
Pont dn Gard ; l"»*e Gard-
Pout Gibaut, a town of France, in the
deparlmciit of Piiy de Dome, 10 m
wNw Clermont.

Pont a MouJJon, a town of France, in
the d-partmcnt of Meurte. It had once
a nniverfity, which was removed to
Nancy in 1768. Here was lately feveral
religious hoiifes, and thepremonftrantes
had a magnificent church. It is fcate**
on the Mofelle, which divides it into
two parts, 14 m NNW Nancy.

Pont St' E/pritf a town of France, in
the department of Gard, on the river
Rhone. Here is one of the fineft bridge!

PON

in Europe, confifting of 19 great and
four fmall arches. To facilitate the
paflage of the water in time of floods,
apertures are made through each pier,
fix feel above the comnion level of the
river i and to ftcm the rapidity of the
river, the bridge is not built in a right
line, but in a curve. 'I'hii. pafTige is
defended by a cit.ulcl, within which in
the ehurch of the Holy Spirit, project-
ing into the river. Pont St. Efprit is i /
m d Viviers, and 55 ne Montpcllicr.
Lon. 4 40 R, ht. 44 ij N.

Pont St. Maxenctt a t(»wn of France,
in the department of Seine and Oifc,
feated on the Oilc', j m N Sen! is.

Pont fur Seine, a town of I'Vancc, in
the department ofAube, with a cafth ,
feated on the Seine, 17 m Nw Troyes,
and 55 SK Paris.

Pont de Vauxt ^ town of France, in
the department of A in, (cated on th^;

Refouze, near its conllux with theSaone,
8 m 8 Macon.

Pont de Fejle, a town o^ France, in
the department of Ain, with manufac-
tures (»f ItufFs and tapeflry j feated on
the Vefle, ic m w Bourg.

Pont fur Vonne, n town of France, in
the department of Yonne, ftatcd on the
Yonne, 8 m nw Sens.

Ponta Del^ada, a feaport of St. Mi-
chael, one of the Azores. It is defend-
ed by a citadel, and contains about 8000
inhabitants. Lon. 25 40 w, lat. 37 41; n.

Pontarlier, a town of Franco, in the
department of Doubs, with a ftrong
caIHe on a mountain. It is feated on
the river Doubs, and the frontiers of
SwifTerland, aa m w Neuchatel, and 30
SE Befangon. Lon. 6 26 e, lat. 46 55 n.

Pontchartrain, a lake in the w part of
W Florida, 36 m long and 24 broad. It
receives feveral rivers, and communi-
cates E with the gulf of Mexico, and w
with the MifTifTippi, through the lake
Maurepas and river Ibbervillr.

Pontcroix, a town of France, in the
department of Finifterre, 15 m w Quim-
per.

Ponte, a town of Piedmont, at the
conflux of the Soano and Oreo, 19 m
NNw Turin.

Ponte de Lima, a town of Portugal,
in Entre Douro e Minho, feated on the
Lima, over which is a magnificent
bridge, 13 m NwBraga.

Ponte Stura, a town of Piedmont, in
)yIon»ferrat, at the conflux of the Stura
and Po, 4 m wsw Cafal.

Ponte Vedra, a town of Spain, in Gali-
cia, near the mouth of the Lcris, 26 m
N Tuy.

PwUha, or Pontt Imperiaht a town

an eminence, nea

PON

of Oormany, in Carinthia, fcatcd on the
Fella, over which is a briil^jc to Pont«'ba
Venrta, a fmall town of the province of
Friulii in lt.il/. It is ao m nnw Friuli,
ami as cw Villich.
Pontf/rai'1,A borough in W Yorkfhire

PO P

Poo/ft • borotiKh, fraport, and tht
largtfft town, in DorfirtOiIre, with u mar-
ket on Monday and Thurfday. It it a
county of itlVlf, governed ty a mnyor,
ant! fitu;ttron apj'fiinful.i proj.H*ti rig into
a c.ipaciiius b.iy, which branches into

governed b/ a mayor, with a market on many creeks, and forms li.'veral iflandi.

Sitnrdiy. It is fitualr in a very rich
foil, and noted for iur^e plantations of
licorice. Thecaftltr, now itj ruins, has
been the fcene of various tragical evenli
in the Englifli hilkory; pirticularly th«'
murder of Kiohard ii. It is aa m bw
York, and 174 nnw London.

Ponteiaml, a village in Norlhumbrr-
land, on the river IMythe, 7 m Nt New-
caftle. It was a Roman (tation, called
Pons ^lii ; and here, in 1144. a peace
was concluded between Henry 111 and
the kint; of Scotland.

Pontiana, a river of Bornoo, which
enters the ocean by fevi'ral moiiths, on
the w fide of the idand, under the ecjui-
nn^ial lilies where the Dutch have a
fuflnry.

Pontivy, a town of Franc-*, in the de-
partment of Morbihan, with a linen ma-
nufa^ure ; feated on the Blavet, 35 m
N Vannes.

Ponteiji, a town of Fnince, in the de-
partment of Seine aiid Oifc, with a caf-
tis. In 1435, the Enylifli took it by
Itratagem ; and Charles vit retook it
by ftorm in i4+a. The parliament of
Paris was transferred to this place in
1652, 1720, and 1753. It is feated on
an eminence, near the Oifc, 27 m nw
Paris. Lon. a 6 f, lat. 49 3 n.

Penior/on, a town of France, in the
department of Manche. on the river
Cocfnon, with a tide harbour, 10 m ss w
Avranches.

PontretnoJi, a town of Tufcany, with
a ftrong caftie ; feated at the foot of the
Apennines, on the river Magra, 55 m
MNw Pifa- l.on. 9 40 E, lat- 44 25 n-

Pontrifu, a town of France, in the
department of Cotes du Nord, on the
river Trii'u, 20 m nw St. Brieuc.

Pow/y^oo/, atown in Monmouthfhire,
with a market on Saturday, and a ma-
nufacture of japanned ware; feated bt-
tween two hills, on the river Avon, 15
m sw Monmouth, and 149 w by n
London.
Ponza, a fmall ifland in the Mediter-

The harbour a Imits veflTeU of moderate
fi/.eonly j hut tor ihrm it it very fecurc.
Poole roff into coiifequence, when the
ancient town «)f Wan ham tell into dc-
ciy. The numlii'i- of inhabitants was
4761 in 1801, and 48t<> in iRit The
principal bnnch of trade is the New-
foundland Hlhery ; hut it han itifoa large
importation of deals from Norway, a
general commerce with Am rica and
various parts of iMirope. and a fine
coafting trade, particularly in corn and
coal. Near the m(»uth of the harbour
is an oyftcr bank, from which vail ouan-
tities are carried to the cneks of l.lh'X
and the Thames. Pool-; is 40 m wsw
Wmchefter, and 105 w by s London.
Lon. I 59 w, lat. 50 4,^ N.

Pooloman, or Polt-ro/r, one of the Ban-
da idandi. too m sb Amboyna. Lon.
130 o F., lat. 4 10 s.

Poolowov, one of the Band.i idands,
on which the Dutch have a regular pen-
tagon, called Fort Revenge. Lon. 13*
4 R, lat. 4 17 9.

Poona, a town of Hindooftan, in Vi-
fiapour, and the capital of the Wiltem
Mahratta empire. It is not large, and
entirely dcfencelefs ; the chief feat of
power being at Poorunder. it is 1 00 m
SB Bombay. Lon. 7355 E.lat. 1830 n,
Poorunder, a fortrefs of Hindooftan,
in Vifiapoiir, feated on a mountain. 18
m E8E Poona. It is a place of refuge
for that capital in cafe of an invafion ;
.and here the archives of government arc
kept.

Pootet ti town of France, in the de-
partment of Mayenne,6 m w swAlengon.
Popa Madre, a t«)wn of Terra Firma,
with a convent and chapel of the Virgin,
to which the Spaniards in thofe part*
go in pilgrimage, efpecially thofe who
have been at Tea. It is feated on a high
mountain, 50 m e Carthagena. Lon.
74 ^2 w, lat. lo 15 N.

Popayarty a province of New Grana-
da, in the w part of that kingdom. A
chain of mountains runs through the

ranean, near the co.ift of Naples, at the country from n to s, in which are mines
'" ' " - ^-!- of fiiver. The Ibil near the fea is flat,

marfhy, and often flooded by the rains ;
but the interior is extremely fertile, and
abounds in cattle, proviflons of every
kind, delicate fru.itS| fugar-canes, tobac-
co, and cotton.
p9}«^»», tbe capital of « provlace •£

entrance of the gulf of Gaeta ; contain
ing a town, harbour, and confiderable
falt-works. It was taken by the Britifli}
in 1813. Lon. i^ 10 t, lat. 40 53 n.

Ponzone, a town of Piedmont, in the
duchy of Montterrat, it m 8 Acqui*
and iV N Savoni.

^<

:l

p ; -

r

m

PO II

that name iii N. w (ir.uada. ami a bl-
Hinpii iev, witK a iiiiivcrlity Thr tradf
in loiiriilirabli-, and the inhabitants ar<;
fftimatcd at 25,000. It (landi in ;• largr
plain, U" arly lurrnunded hy tlic M<ilin«i,
:io m WBVfSt If, atul a^o knk Quito,
I,on. 76 ,\i *» , lal. 2 ly N.

PtpeJopn ; (ire i'.ccl<^ajiiral State.
Pt^erinf^lie, a town <>t the Nether*
laiidH, in Flanders, on a riviT of the
lame nam*.-, ft in w YprcH.

Pofo, a kiM^dt>m ot Oiiiiiea, on the
Slave coaft The inhahitiiits have
fcartely any hoiifcn lu dwell in, b«'fide
the king'!) village, which id on an idand
in the midft of u river. Thi- chief trade
is in flavni. I, on. a .i3 R, lat. ft 18 n.

Pcpocatffietl, the moll clevatcil inoiin-
tain of New Spain, in TIafcala. It is
n volcano, and continually borning ; but
for thtfe (iveral ctntiiricB nothing h;»
in'iicd from its crater but fmoke and
iilht'S. This mountain i'^ 1968 feet higher
than the moll olcvitod liimmit of the
old continent. It is fnqntntly calh'd
thf Volcano of Piicbia, and is 30 m w of
Puibl.1.

Pora, an iflatid in the Indian ocean,
on the vv coalt of Sumatra, 54 m long
and from 9 to 11 broad. Lon. 98 30 k,
hit. I 10 a.

Porcali, a town of Hindcioftan, in the
country of Travancorc, taken from the
Dutch by the l-'ngliih in 1795. It is H5
m Nw Truvancori'. Lon. 76 ao e, lat.
9 15 K.

Porchffter^ a villa};e in Ilampfliire, 4
m N Portfmoiilh, at the upper end of
the harbour, between Farcham and
Portfea ifland. It has an ancient caftle,
which has ferved, of late years, for the
reception of priliuiers of war, and ord-
nance Uores.

Porco, a town of Peru, canita! of a
jurifditilion in the dioci'fe of rlata. It
has its name from a mountain, rich in
lilvcr, and its mine was the firft worked
by the Spaniards after the conquclt. It
is ij m wsw Potofi. Lon. 67 a;j w,
lat- 19 40 &.

Porcuna, a to\tm of Spain, in Anda-
lufia, 2a m NW Jaen.

Porentru, a town of France, in the
dcpa iment of Upper Rhine. It lately
belong! d to Swill'erland, and was the
capital of the bilhopric of Baftl It is
feated on tiie Hallan, near Mount Jura,
a6 m wsw Bakl, ai^d 48 ssw Colmar.
Lon 7 JO t, lat. 47 17 N.

Parlock, a town in Somtrfetlhire, with
a maiket on Thuriday, and a trade in
coal and lime ; feated on a bay of the
Brifto] channel, furounded by hr.is, 14
m N by wDulverton, and 170 w London.

POR

PorrntciHff \ fe* PiirO'
Pvrjt/tu, a rich and commercial (ouii
of the kini(do- I of Siam. It i> fur
rounded by foui tren badions, .'< tid litiiat*
on a large river, too m N of iti mouth
in the gulf ot Siam. Lon. lo) a K) lat.
17 4H N.
Ft)' t Bait i ^ct lUgtrnvick
Port liauf .. the chief fettlement on
the SK coad o. Madiigalcar, with a lui.
buur defcndid by a fort. Lou. 47 0 ».,
lat. i^ o s.

Port Df/lrr^ a harbour on the i coaOl
»)f Patagonia, where (hips I'ometimcH
toucli in their paflage lo the Pacific
ocean. Lon. 67 56 w, lat. 47 46 s.

Port I'.ffmont, one of the finell li.ir.
hours in ilie world, en the nw coaft oi
Falkland illands, dilciovead by commi).
tlore IJyron in 176?. The whole navy
of En^'land mylt ride here in pcrfi\"t
fecurity fiom all winds; and every thiiij;
for the refreOiment of (hips is to be ob-
tained in abundance. Lon. 55 o w, ht.
51 17 f*. _

Port I'rangaij, a harbour on the w
coa(t of America, difcovered by Pirouli:
in i7tl'>- It is of a circular form, not
to be fathomed in the middle, and bor-
dered by peaked mountains, of an ex-
ceflive height, covered with (now The
natives on this coad are defcribed as the
moll complete thieves, poflclTed of an
adlivity and obllinacy capable of exe-
cuting the mod difficult proje/'As. Skins
were found here in great abundance,
particularly thofe of the tea otter. In
this harbour is a fmall ifland. Lon. 137
30 w, lat. 58 37 N.

Port Gluj](o<w, a feaport of Scotland,
in Renfiewrtiirc, near the mouth of the
Clyde. It was founded in 1710, to
ferve as the port of the city of Glafgow,
whof<! magiftratCM appoint a bailiff for
its government. The harbour is i-xcel-
lent ; and there are cxtrnfivc warchouki
on the quay, belonging to the Glalgow
mere!,, iits. The number of inhabitants
ill 181 1 was 51 16. Contiguous to the
town, and near the (horc, (lands the
ca'lle of Newark, a (Irongly fortified
edifice- It is 4 m e Greenock, and 20
w by N Glalgow.

Port Jack/on, a bay and harbour on
the coaft of New S Wales, \}, m n Bo-
tany bay. The capes that form the
entrance aic high, rugged, and perpen-
dicular cliffs ; and the harbour is one of
the nobleft in the world, 14 m in length,
with numerous creeks or coves- The
name was ^.iven to it by captain Cook,
who obferved it in failing along the coaft.
See Sydney.
Port LouiSi a ftrong town of Francfi

Port iin Priri,

to On' I'acitic

own of Fraiicf,

P (> U

in th** «?rplrtnif rit of Morhilian, wiJli 1
citadel .ind .1 kixxI harhuiir. It ii a fic-
tion for part of tin- French navy, aiul
till- 1'. \ni\\:i Cornp iny'i ihipi { .inj Dimtii
on the extremity ot .1 prninluli, .it the
nviiiih of ihc lilivei, ij in w V.innrH.
Loll < iM w, ht 47 40 N.
I'ort Miifioi ; fee MahoH.
Port Mii'j(rtin<<; .1 harbour on thr w
cult ot N Aini-rifji, fortnotl hy fm.ill
illind* on the v. lidc of lircring biy,
ii'Av the fntranoe. It w.h (ii named hy
( iptain Dixoti, who (aw ft)me uf the
iiifivtM. und thiir hdiit.itiofis ; the l.ntir
wvre wretched lioveN, with their icilide*
conrtyin^r a compUtt? pi^Jlnre of dirt,
tilth, and idlencfu. Lun. 139 15 w, lat.
jgiHN.

fort Pitix, a fi'.iport on the N co.ift of
St- Doiniiikfi), with .1 jjodd hirbour, op-
poiitir tile ifland of Toituc. Lun. jx
3: w, lat. 19 f,n N.

Port P/ifriii, a iV.ipnrt of Scotland,
in Wi>{ti>n(iiirc, confined by the fea on
one fide, and on the odier by o\erh.ing-
ing rocks ,)nd hilli. It i« nc.irly oppo*
fite Dooagh.idee, ill Irehnil. from which
it in only 21 m dill.int ; and a packet
boat f;iil9 hence for that plaec ev«ry day.
The h irhonr ]■< good, and has a noble
qiiiy, with n refledinj? lij;hthoufc The
thirt' tr.ide confiltH in the importation
of beeves and horfi-s from Ireland ; and
t i •• a place of rcfort for fea-bathine. It
is ;8 m w Wigton, and 115 sw tdin-
biiip. Lon. 5 3 w, lat. 54 5H n.

Pert Penn, a town of Dclawarr, In
Nowcaftle county, with a fecurtf har-
bour, oppofitc Reedy ifland, in the river
Dcl.iwaro. It i,<thc rendezvous of ont-
w.rd-bound fliip.s, waiting for a favoiir-
ablr wind, and j6 m below Philadel-
phia.

Port im Prince, a feaport of St. Do-
mingo, fcated on a bay on the w fide of
thr iflHHd, or which part it is the capi-
tal in time of peace, and a place of con-
fiderible trade. It was nearly burnt, in
1791, by the revolting Negroes, and was
taken hv the Kngiilh and Royalifts in
1 794. I. on. 7 a low, lat. J 8 40 N.
Port Rofeiuay ; fee ^helbitrne.
Port lioyal, a feaport of Jamaica,
oncea conliderable town, abounding in
riches and trade. In 169J, it was de-
ftroyed by an earthquake, in 170a by a
lire, in i7a2 by an inundation, and in
1744 by a hurricane. After the((! ex-
traordinary calamities, the public offices
were removed, and no market fuffercd
to be held here in future. It now con-
fifta of about aoo houfes, built on a
I p«ck of land that juts out feveral miles
>nto the fw, and bai a ftrong fort. Th«

I'O R

fwirhrttir N deep, 'oul mo* fhipt mar
ri«le therein, leeure from every wiii|(.
It i< 6 m, .'u-ro4ii thi b^y, 5i«v Kingttun.
I. on. 76 i\ w, lit iM o •'.

l*'tri ntfttl, a town of Virginia, In
Ctroline countv, with three chureheii
liluate on thr Kippahannoc, 11 m n|
Fredericlbuffr, and fV above Urbanii.i.

f*ori Hoyal, an ifl.ind on the coaft of
S Carulini, feparated fiom the nei/li-
boiirinjr continent by an arm ot the l'c;i,
callfd Hro.ul River, which formn the
molt coinrnu<lioiii harbour in the (tattf
at the town of lleaufott.
Port St. Ann \ kv l(iiloui{/i.
Port St. Julian, a harbour on the B
coalt of Patanonia, where (hips ufually
touch that are bound for the Pacilic
oce,in. Lon. 68 44 w, Lit. 49 ro s.

Port St, Mttri/t a town of Spain, in
Andaliifia, with a fori, called St. Catha-
rine. The principal trade is in fait; and
hence C^diz in fupplird with fpring wa-
ter. It is feated on the harbour of Ca-
diz, at the mouth of the Guadalete, i m
Kuv. Cadiz.

Port fur Saone, a town of France, in
the department of Upper Saonc, on the
river Saone, 0 m nw Vefoul.

Port Tobticco, a town of Maryland,
chief of Charlen county, fi'uate on a.
creek of its name, which cnteru the Po-
tomac, 4 m below the town. In the
vxinity are the celebrated cold wat(T»
of Mount Mifcry. It ii 30 m » Walk-
inpton.

Port Vendrt, a town of France, in tht
department of Eaftern Pyrenees, witU
a (mall harbour on the Mediterranean,
defended by two forts. It was taken
by the Spaniards in 1793, but retaken
the next year. It is as m a.st Pcrpi«nai.
Portf.downt a town of Ireland, in the
county of Armagh, with a linen manu-
faiiture; fituatu on the river Bann, 14
m NK Armagh.

J*ortn/ejjre, a city of Portugal, in
Alentejo, and a billiop's fee. It has a
manufa(5lure of woollen cloth, and is
(eatcd at the foot of a high mountain,
30 m N Elvas.

Portarlinf^ton, a borough of Ireland,
partly in King but chieflv in Qiicea
county. It fends a member to par-
liament, and ftands on the liarrow, la
m N Maryborutigh, and 40 wsw Dublin.
Portici, a village 4 m v.k^ of the city
of Naples, on part of the fitc of ancient
Herculaneum, near mount Vefuvius.
Here it a palace of the king of Naples,
enriched with a vaft number of ftatucs,
and other lemains of antiquity, Laken
out of the ruins of Herculaneum.
Portland, sl p«ninfula in DorCctfliirey
aP

K . f

1.^ i. 1

PO R

•onne^rd with the mjitil<n<t \>f a riJ^te
ol iKhltlr*, mllrd thr ChcUl Hank, tf
UndiiiK -tliuvr ; ni iipilii* «w coall. Be-
twcri) llil* bulk «nd the iniilnl^iul I* A
liArrDW «rm ul thr fi'^t callrtt the Fk«'t.
I'ortUnd illr ii 4 m lone and i huMtl,
furrotimlrd hy iiucci'llihlr rnclit, except
at the UiuiiriK-pljcr, it ihc MW rm\,
where it & ftroiiK c.i(\lr, called Purt-
bnd C4lilr, built by iknry vii<. Tlii*
prninfula ii noted for frceiton*-. viluch
li iilfd forhuildiiiK the Hiielt ltru^turi»,
and ;itiout ')oc)o ttuiM uf it tire annually
ciDorted. It lit** on the kw lidc ul'
Weymouth bay \ und at the « «*xtremlty,
CJlIrd Portland Point, ii a lighthuiilf.
Lon. 11 f w, Ut. ju .)! N.

Porl/andt the capital of th«> di(\ri*f)
of Maine, in Cumherlind county, with
acapacinui harbour, defended by a fort,
a citadel, and a battery. It w^Nalmoll
laid in aihci by a Uritilh Meet in 177J1
but liai been rdttiilt, ;ind h.i« thiie
churchra. Shipitare built li«ve. aid the
foreign trade U coiin(ler;iblc. It u litu-
ate on a promonUity in C.ilcu bay, with
a lighthoufe at the entrance wt the har-
bour, i»3 m NNB Boiioii. Lun. 70 10
W,lat. 44 47 ".

Pertlnnil IjlanJs^ a clufter of fm.ill
iHandi in the Picific ocean. They are
low, and coveted with wood ( and the
centre one it in lon. 149 R k, lat. 1 3k ».
Portland l*$int, the moll I'luthcni
part uf the illmd of Jamaica. Lon. y;
j w, lat. 17 ^4 N.

Portlock IfiirS'ur, a h.irbour on the
vwcuaftof America, of . I. citcular form,
with a narrow entrance. Lon. 136 41
w, lat. 57 4,^ N.

Porto, a fortitied town of Italy, In
Vfronefe, on the b fide of the Adigei
oppoilte Legnago, 10 m bse Verona.

Porto, a town of Italy, in the patri-
mony of St. IVtci', an(l.the i'ee of a bi-
fiiop, who is gener.nlly ii cardinal, and
dependent only on the pope. It (lands
on the w fide of the Tiber, 10 m tw
Rome.

Porto } fee Opsrto.
Porto Bella, a feaport of Terra Firma,
•n the N cuafl of the ifthmun of Daricn,
nearly oppofite Panama on the s coad.
It ii a very unhealthy place ; and the
country around fwarmi with toads and
•ther reptile* in the rainy leafon. Be-
fore the abolition of the trade by the
galleon*, in 1748, and the intrudu<ftion
of regifter ftiips, thit place was the
great mart for the rich commerce of
Peru and Chili, which was conveyed
kither from Panama, partly on mulct,
and partly down the riyer Chagre- The
town ftanda eiotii to tho fo«i oo the f dt

ron

iti .1 monnialti that furr undt the hti*
U>i>i, which it Ufe and commuktiou*
li WAS taken in 1741 hy admiral \\\
nun, wliudemolillitd the fuft)llc«tloi>«)
but it ha* iiiicr breit (Irongly loitltirU
It II 50 in N by ft Panama, and jcu w
by t Caithagcna. L^n. 7f )• w, U(

Hnrtt CahflU, a Uron^ feapoit ul
IVrra Firma, m the province ul Cara*
cas. It hat a gcHkl harbour, with 411
excellent «|(tay, to which laigc vrlfdi
are eaiily and Iccurely lalUnrd s aiul u
khr place of iin^Kjrt and export for 4
conifderabic extent of inland coniitry
Three in to the w it the villjK^' ••sd
bay ol .'Utrbiirato, formerly ttie pinici'
pal pori on the c>\\i\, and i« Hill lo for
exporting the cattU' of Venezuela to the
Wtit liulia idandt. PortoCibelto Ain6
on a f>nall iiick of land, which ha» Ixcu
cut thri.Mi)<h, and thim foiimd iniu an
itland { and over the cut \* a briil|(e thu
conimu licatrt with ixtenlive luburhx.
It Vi 30 m wNw Lcun. Lun. 67 j; w,
lat. 10 ,\i *i.

Porto I'arinot * fc.iport of the king-
dom of Tuniit, to the w uf the rnitu lit'
(Jarihagc, and )0 m n Tunit. Lun 19
16 K, lat. 47 11 N.

Porto Ferrnjo, a It'apurt on the m fulc
of the itie of Liba, with a gucKl hail)uu',
defended by two furti. It ix U m »w
I'iombiiio, on the cuaA of Italy. Lon.
10 17 B, lat. 41 5j N.

Pcrtn h'ino, a Imall feaport on th<
coaft of Genoa, with a fort, litiiatc ll^
tween two mountain!*, 15 m Hh Geni;!

Porto Galttt, a town of Spain, in Bi.-
cay. fcated un a fmall bay, 12 m nw
BilboA.

Porto Greto, a town of N.iples, io
Capitanata, near the gulf uf Venice, (
m s Viefti.

Porto 6V«aro,a town of Italy. inFri*
uli, fcated on thcLema. 15 ni w Marino,

Porto IJenoUtA fmall (L-aport ot'Italyi
in Stato dclli Prdtdii, fituatc on a p«-
ninfula, 4ms Orbitel'o.

Porto Longone, a feapnrt on the 91
fide of the ifle of IUba, with a good har-
bour, and a fortrefu upon a rock,almoll
inaccelfible. It is 35 m mw Orbiteilo,
on the coait of Italy. Lon. 10 20 e, bt.

4a 50 N.

Porto MariM, a town of Spain, ii
Galicia. near the river Minho, 17 m >
Lugo, and 48 a. Compoltullo.

Porto Novo, a town of Portugal, ii
£(lremadura,on the cuad of the AtLin-
tic, 19 m NNW Lifbon.

Porto dt Plata, a feaport, and th«
principal fliorcfettlement on the N fide
•f St. Domingo, 'i L« vicinity sboundi

von

mlnet of fttU\, lllvrr. siwl copper.
hi- K.irb<)iir i« lnil iiKli(t«rciit Loii.

^,; W, ht. 1945 "

/'«/-^o Vrmiftt, •> tuwii Atxi bty nf St.
L,>, iiiK lit Ihv Cape Vi'id iniriilt.
Ihclowti iUmU oil .III rlrv.iti'd pUiii.
L i« the rvlidriicr of Ihi- I'lirtUKUi'tc
litrriior (if Ihi- ilKiiuli. Imiii. aj a^ w,

l( U M "'

iV/« d.l I'riHfl^f, « fi'^port on I he N
ill III Ciib;<, with n )(ii<itl lurlHUir.
I(jr It ail' ivvcrnl Ipringi uf bituiiifii.
%fl 7I I* w, lit. at 5a »».
[/'Drf* /c.a/i a town of Spuin. In An«
llulU, on tlif li.irluiur ot C4(lr/,, wvat
l( month of thffi.iU(lalcir,or St. Pi-tcr
Lr. lIc'C arc tttu'ky.iriU ^iiit iiav.(l
Lrrhuiif«'«| and at tl.Ciiitr^iu-c of the
Ifbour it •! ItmriK fortcdird M.il:i)(<)r<
J It ill 7 tn K C'adi/.
\Ptrla Hito, itii id.iiid of the VV In-
|ri, t& in K St. DiwniiiKn, belonging to
i>Sp.uii.ird*. It M I iQ m luii^ ,iiid 41
iiidi (livfrlitird with Woods, v;illcyi«i
il pLiiiM, and w.'iii-iid liy rpriii^i iiiid
nriibutunhrulthyiniherMiny fraioim.
Ipruduccii rii^.tr, rum, x<nf,'cr, cotton,
iiz(| And ncc t and there arc To n).tiiy
Rllr, ihAt Ihi y .ire oftrn killed for the
Ic uf the ikiiiii .ilonc Here are a
jtit number of uncomtt\oii ireeH, 4nd
itilc gold in the n part oi the idind-
. Iiiiii de I'urtu Hico ii the c.ipitai.
l/'orroNaw/o, an idand in the Atlantic,
(Icaft ot the M'ldeiraN, 15 iti in eir-
. lni4iH, .1 Poitilgneie Ihip. Co;i(l-
j.ilong the African Iborc, was driven
It to ua hy aftiddtn fqu.ill, aiul when
V all rxpcOtcd to pcrilh, tlity dil
PTcd thiR ifland, which, on aecotiiit
Itheir elirapc, they named I'orto San-
land hence thry dtlcried the idand

I Madeira. It piodiices little corn ;
there are oxen .ind wild ho>:s,

II a vill number of rabbits The
IftT.ilualile produiJUons arc «Ir.igon»-
iod, honty.and wux. It has no har-
jir, but j;(iod aiiehonge in the road-
Ii' 16 25 w. lat. 32 J 8 N.

Wrto Scj^uro, a province of Bralil, .s
fiat ot Ilheos, and n otSpiiitu Sin-
It is very fertile The capital is of
jfjtiicname, Icated on an etniiieiice,
Jr the mouth of a river that H.iws
I the Atlantic. Lon. 40 ao w, lat-

hrto yecc/iio, .1 feapott of C'oiftca,
M on a bay on the t coaft of the
|nd, 40 in SE Aj.iccio. I. on. 9 10 K,

Y^rto Vtnero^ a feaport on the co.ill
Ptno.1, at the entrance of ihc gulf of
nm. It h,i8 a goo«l harlKmj, and is
Non the fide of a bill, at the top of

VOW

which ll I fort, 4) m •■ 0«noci. Lou.

9 »■< '.Ml 44 5 •*

l''>'(rf',.t town of Sro't.i nd, on iS*- »
ndv' of Mkyc, one of the li.hridn Tli«
lidi.l>»M 111U ir Mir chl. rt y ill hrevr«, tb'"ep,
and li> l|) It b I* an excellent harbour.
Ihclieieil at iin mouth by the *lle uf
K 1 1/ 1. Ljii ft (6 w, l4t S7 J.) "■

l*crt/'ra. An dl ind between Chichf Arr
lny and the h iiboiir of H.'rtfmoiiih, in
liiiiipfbire. It 14 .1 |,iw \T»il .ibuiK r4
m in cMciiit, fep.ir ncil from the m.dn«
land on the n by .1 crc'k.ovrr which
ari" two bridal"., onv lor th* rntr.tnct ■
.Ilk) ilie either lor the dtparturc o( pal*
Cenktrr*. At the iiw cxtiemity U the
town of H.iriimoulh

I'tiffhioat/i. i\ lioroiiub and fe.iport
In H in pil.iie, with a n arket on Thiirl.
day and .S<tiir<|.«y. It ii the inol> roti>
liderabli hiviii for in< n of war, and the
ftroii(rc(l loi titled place in l'ii){tand It*
c.ipaeioiii h.irhoiir ii made by a b.if
running up bitween the idand of Port-
lea, on Miiich the town i!« lituate, anri
the oppuHtn prtdnfula. having a narrow
entraiue eomm.in ttd by the town and
lortd. Miiy of the l.irgi It Ibipi are
alwiyH laid up heie ; and, in time of
war, it is the principal rendtzvous of
the grand ch.innel deet. The dock*,
arlrnaU, (lorihoiiIeK, b;irr.icki, N'c arc
all ot capital m.ignitude. and kept in
the tnolt perfr(*l order. The »own it
governed by a mayor, and entirely fup-
ported by there (itrt of the army ;ind
navy. To the h of it Ih the noted road
of Spithead, where the men of war an-
clioi whi-n pnp.ircd for actual frrvir*.
FiMtlitiutith b.H one I'p'ciius churehi
aiul two neat cli .pels ; the latter are in
a part of the town called Pnrtlea, built
on what wasformcily calleil I'onlmouth
Common, aiul is now above ttnir limei
larger than the pirent town The mim.
brr of iiihaliitants was 3^1226 in iHoi.
and 40i.s67 in iHit, cxi lulive of the
miles belonging to the army and navy.
Portfmouth is the birthplace of itic re-
Ichntcd pliil.'intliiop'lt Jonas Il.inway.
It is ao m sse VVinct.elter, ami ;» sw
London. Lon 1 6 w , lat. 50 47 n.

/'o?7/>w(9wM,thccapial')t New llamp«
rtiire, in Rockingham cmiiity, with three
churches. It is the l.irgeit town and
the only feaport in th- (late, le.it ed on
the Pifcatriqu.T, a m from the oct-an.
The harbour is one of the fintll on the
continent, well delejidc;! by nature, both
againll (lorms .iiul an enemy, li is 50
m N by ic Uofton Lon- 70 4a w, lat.
43 .?N.

Portfmouth, a town of Virginia, in
Norfolk county, on the w fide of Elifa-
aPa

H^

POR

tif'.h river, oppofitr Noi-folk ; both
which towns conflitutc but one port
of entry, ^rt Norfolk.

Portfmouth, n town of the ftate of
Ohio, on the t fide of the Sciota, at its
conflux with the Ohio. It is the depot
for the merchandife of the fcttlcmcnts
on the upper part of the Sciota, and 60
msChillicothe. Lon.83 Bw.lat.^H asN.

Portjl y, a town of Scotland, in BunfF-
fl;ire, with manuf.iflures of fine linen
and fcwing thread. Ne.ir it arf found a
Tcin of ferpentine, ealltd Porlfoy mar-
ble ; a fpecics of afbeftos, of a preenith
colour, which has been wroupht into
inrnmbuftible cloth ; and a brilliant
kind of granite of a flcfh colour. Port-
foy (lands on a point of land, projcfling
into Moray frith, 9 m w Banf!".

Porttigalt the nioft woftern country
of Europe, .^150 m long and 1 :o broad ;
bounded on the vv and s by the Atlantic,
and on the b and v by Spain. It is di-
vided into fix provinces, Eftrcmadura,
Keira, Kntre Douro <' Minho, Tra los
Monies, Alentejo, and Algarva. Though
Spain and Por^.ugal are in the fame cli-
mate, the air of the latter is more tem-
perate than that of the former, on ac-
count of the neighbourhood of the
ocean. Corn is not plentiful, for little
attention is paid to hufbandry ; and
maize, imported from Africa, it ufed by
the peafants inftead of wheat. There
is a great number of barren mountains,
and many fine vales remain in a (late of
nature ; yet there is plenty of olives,
vines, oranges, lemons, nuts, almonds,
figs, and raifins ; and it is famous for
excellent wines. Much fait is made
alfo from the fea-water, especially in the
biy of St. Ubes, whence a great deal is
exported. The manufaiJlnrcs are few
and unimportant, but the chief are thofe
of woollen cloth. The foreign trade
confifls in the rxportalion of the pro-
duce of the country, and in the mer-
chandife received from /s foreign fettle-
menis ; fuch as fugsr, tobacco, rum,
cotton, indigo, hides, brafii and other
-Troops for dying, and many excellent
drugs. Befide thefe, it has gold, lilver,
diamonds, and other precifjus Hones
from America. The horfes of Portu-
gal were formerly in great efteem, but
now mules nre preferred ; the horn-
ed cattle are fmall and lean ; flieep
are alfo regleded, and not numer-
ous; lut fwine abound, and are fed
with excellent acorns. Toward the
fVontiers of Spain there are moun-
tains in which was formerly got gold
and filver ; and the river Tajo, the
Tagus of the ancients, was celebrated
by thdr poeti for its goldea fauds.

PO s

There are mines of iron, copper, fiiJ
and lead, quarries of marble, and (bnijj
precious (lones. The principal rivprjl
are the Tajo, Douro, fJuadiann, MinhoJ
and Mondcgo. The Portuguefe are inJ
dolent, and fpcnd all their wealth in ih||
purchafe of foreign luxuries. The wnj
men arc addiflcd to gallantry, that mnl
are jealous of their wives, and allowl
them but little liberty. The gnvern.f
ment is monarchical, but the royal ,ii|.j
thi^rity is limited ; for the (ovurei'iil
cannot rai(e any more ♦axes thaul
were fettlod in 1674. The eftabliftifdl
religion is the Roman Catholic, audi
there are a patriarch, two nrchbifhopJ
and 10 bifliops. The authority of ih^
pope is fi) great, that the king cannoi
confer any b<vieficc without his confcnt]
In 15K0, there was a failure in the royil
line, and Philip 11 king of Spain I'ut
dued the country ; but, n 1640, thti
was a great revolution, and the crowij
was conferred on John duke of Bm
ganza (king John iv) whofe deftcnilj
ants ftill enjoy it. In 1807- on tin
French invading Portugal, the wholj
of the Royal family embarked onailftj
in the Tajo, and failed for Brafil, e|
cortcd by four Britifh ;i en of wir,
regency was previouily appointed, bjl
no attempt was made to refill M
French, \ ho foon after enteted the aj
pital. The French governor imn
ately aboliflied the regency, and begiij
to treat the country as a concr.i
France; but in 1808, tiiC Engliii, ffiij
an army to aid the PortuyiUtu-, midtiil
French were defeated at Viniiers. M
battle was followed b> a convcniio,!
and all thft French forces were fentt
fea to their own country. Lifbonisicj
capital.

Portiimna, a town of Irelaiul, iiit!;j
county of Galway, with a noble (
and the remains of a m<)n;;tU'iy, thtail
cieiit choir now rcrvin^r for the p;r;!|
church. It ftaiida on the B,iiio»,i
the head of Lough Deirg, i: m '.ri
Clonfert.

Pofados, a town of Spain, in Arj
liifia, on the Guadalquiver, 19™!^
Cordova.

Pojata, a town of Sardinia, on t!:(|
coaft, 45 m ese Caftel Atrfgond'c.
9 c^o E, lat. 40 36 N.

Pofega, a town of Sclavonia, cjpjj
of a county of the fame name. Itr
taken from the Turks by the Aiiftriai
in 1687 ; and is ieated near theOrlJij
18 m NNwBrod.

Pofen, or Poftitt, a fortified city I
Great Poland, capital of a paiatinatej
the fame name, and a biftiop's fee,(|
a univerlity, and a caltle on an 1

POT

In the river Warta. The cathedral is
nrngnifici-nt- The fuburbi arc t-xten-
(ive, and contain many fine builaingii.
Therivcfrequcntlyiniiiidatefl the town,
but it is very beneficial to its trade with
Germany. In 1716, 1 ofcn wan garti-
foiied by Saxons ; but takon by Itorin
and plundered by the Poles. J, ■ the
partition of Poland, in 177,4, it became
{nhy:& ti the king ofPruffia, and the
feat of government of South Pi uifia. Fn
i8o6, this city was entered by a corps
oi" ihe French army. It is featcd in a
pleafant plain, 27 m w by s Gnelha.
Lon. I J o L, lat. 5z 24 N.

Pojha/t, a town of Upper Saxony,
in the principality of AlteiiburR, with
manufadures of cloth and leather ; (eat-
edon the Gams, near its conflux with
the Or I ;i, 8 m nk Sa^lfold.

Pojiii/'io, a town v.f Portugal, in Eftre-
madura, 10 m ne Santarem.

Potfftza, a town of Naples, in Bafili-
CAia, near the lource of il-e Baficnto, 1 1
ni s by w Acerenza.

Foti.n town of MingreIia,thongh on
the left bank of the Ilioni, which If-pa-
ratesthat country from Guricl. It Hands
en the Black i'ca, at the mouth of the
Rioni, 50 m N Gonieh, and 80 8 by w
kuki.

Potomac, a river of the United States,
which riffs in the nw part of Virginia,
and ieparates that ftate from Maryland,
aimoft its whole courle, till it enters the
w fide of Chefapeak bay. It is naviga-
ble near 30* m-

Potoji, a town of Peru, capital of a
iurifdidtion, in the audience oH Charcas.
iereare the beft filver mines in all Ame-
iica, in a conical mountain of the fame
name Silver was a^, common in this
place as iron is in Europe ; but the
mines are now much exhaufted, or at
)ealt little K got in compa^ifon of what
was formerly. The country around is
fo naked and barren, that the inhabit-
ants get their prosifions from the neigh-
bou'.ing provinces. The tov/n Is feated
at the Ikirt of tl.s mountain, 260 m
WNW Arica. Lon. 67 ti w, lat. 19 47 s.

Potfda)7}% a city of Brandenburg, in
•the Middle mark, feated on an iftand 10
mincitcuit, formed by the river Havel.
It is the moll elegant and iV^'iuiar city
is Europe. Many new houles were
raiffd by Frederic i}, and the various
public buildings difplay great magnifi-
cence and tafte. The royal palace is
an admirable ftrudur*, and the houfes
near it are aimoft ail built in the Italian
ftyle. The great parade, with Roman
colonnades before the town, is the place
of exercife for the king's guards and the
carrifon. In the mrrket-pUce is a mas-

PR A

ble obelift, 75 feet in height, and mar-
ble llatues of the lirit four kin^s of Pruf-
fia. The garrilon church is large, and
has .a marble pulpit, under which is the
tomb of Frederic-William M. In 1795,
the beautifu! church of St. Nicholas,
in the Palace-fc|uare, was dellroycd by
lire. Here arc two large orphan-houfcs
for the childrrn of the Ibldiers, an ex-
tenfive poor-hoiifc and holpita', and a
capital foundery for fire-arms. On a
hill near the city is the royal palace of
Sans Souci, whieii ia but Imall, and
only one ftory high, yet its lingularity
and grandeur areadonilhing. I'otldam
has numerous manutadures of filk, vel-
vet, cotton, linen, &o. It is 17 m flw
Bfrlin, Lon. 13 7 t, lat 5a 25 N.

Puthn, a town in Bedfordiliire, with
a market on Saturday, 12 m e Bedford,
and 48 N by w London.

Pottjgro've, a town of Pcnnfylvania.
feated on the Schuylkill, 17 m st Head ,
ing, and 35 s'w Pliiladolphia.

Pou^hkeepfie^ a town of New York,
capital of Duchefs county. It has two
churciits, and ftands on the e fiJc of the
lludfon, 74 m N New York.

Puuj^ues, a villa^;e of France, in the
department of Nievre, n< ted for its fiT-
rugincus mineral fpring, 5 m n w Nevtrs.

Poultori, a town in Laiicaihire, with
a mark^!t on Monday, *eati'd near the
mouth of the VVyre, 18 m sw Lancaf-
tev, and 233 nnw London.

Pownalborought a town of tiie diftriiil
of Maine, capital of Lincoln county ;
but ihcjudicial courts are held here and
at Harrington alternately. It is fituaie
on the E fide of the Kennebec, 60 m
ENK Portland. Lon. 66 10 w, lat.
43 56 N.

Pourgaytiy St- a town of France, in
the department of Allier, lijattd 0.1 the
Sioule. 16 in s by w .\loulins.

Poyang-liou, a lake ol China, in the N
part ot the piovince of Ktang fi. formed
by the coniluencf ot leveral .ivcis, from
every point of f'e compafi. It is 250 in
in circuit, and I'urroundedby amolt dc-
folate region.

Pozzuo/o ; fee Puzzo/i.
Probat, a town of the kingdom of
Siam, 100 m n Siain. Lon. 10 1 10 E,
lat. 15 40 N.

Pracels \ (t^e Parnccls-
PnichatitX' a town of Bohemia, in
the circle of Prachin, 23 m s by w Pilek.
Pracinn, a niuuijtain of li<Jiciiiia, on
which foimetlv lU *. a caftle of the
fame name. It ttiv^s a n-: to a ..iicle
on the w fiJe of the MiildaU, of which
Pifekis the cap'ul.

PradeSf a town of Franc<', in the de-
partmeut of JEullcni PjreQcu), fcaied on

II

PR A

vhe river Tct, in a fine plain, is m \v»w
Ptro'«n,'in.

PraAes, n town of Srtnin, in Cata-
lonia, iifar which is a nr»cij;nific< nt ib-
bey, where the anoii'nt kin>;8 of Arngon
wen- interred It is 39 m nw Mtrrrlon.i

Pra.;a, or Pra,!;nf. a town of Poland,
in the palatinate of Mafovia, A'atfii on
the ViOnIa, opp fif. W.-Tfiw, and con-
fic!i're«i :is afiihiirh to that city.

Pra^ilasy a towa of Piedmont, 7 m
w Turin.

Prague, a fortifit'd city, capital 'f
Bohemia, and lately an archiepilcop il
fe<?. It comprehends fonr towns, tlu*
Old. New, and Little Town, ;inH Rad
ihin. It is 15 m in circuit, bui t (ipon
feven hills; has about 100 churches
and as mai y palaces ; and contains
80,000 inhabif ints. The Mnldau runs
through the city, feparatmg tl)«* Old
Town from the New, and over it is a
bridge of 18 arches, with aftrongtowtr
at each end The Old town is very
populous} the houfes are high, and the
ftreets narrow. In this part is the old
palace, where the ancient kings rcfided;
but the fined ornament is the u'.i vet fity,
in which arc a gre.it number of ftudents.
Here alfo is a magpificent college, for-
merly belonging to the jffuiis, and the
Jews have nine lynagogues. The New
Town contains fine ftiHKfturcJ.haridfome
gardens, and large ftreets ; alio an arfe-
nal, and a fccular foundation, whofeab-
befs was a princefs of the empire. The
Little Town, whivh is the moft ancient
part of Prague, h;is broad ftreets ; and is
very populous- Radfhin <incc belonged
to the Little Town, but in 1756 it was
made the fourth town of Prague: its
principal buildings are the royal palace,
in which is a hall, loc paces long and
40 broad, without any pillar to fupport
the roof; the cathedral of St. Veir,
containing the burial-place of the kings,
and many relics ; the chapei of Our
Lady of Loretto ; the magnificent ar-
chiepifcopal palace; and ihe large pa-
lace of Tfchcrnin. Praguehas fuffered
frequent devaftations by war, which
were however foon repaired. The
White Mountain, without the gate of
Strahow, is celebrated (or the vidtory,
in i6zo, gained hy the Auftriahs over
Frederic v of the Palatiiute, whom
the Bohemians had chofen for their
king. In 163 1, Prague was taken by
the Sax'ins ; and by the Swedes in
1648. It was taken by ftorm by the
French in 1741 ; btit they were obliged
to leave it in 1742- In 1744, it was
taken by the king of Pri.flia ; but he
was obliged to abandon it in the fame

PUF-

year. Tt was befieged by the king of
Pniffii, ill 1757, after a great victory,
obtained near this city, over the Aiif.
trians ; but being drfeatcd fome titr*
after, he was (^bligid to raili* the fiope
It is 7; m sh Drefden, and 235 nw Vi.
enna. Lon. 14 42 t, lat. ;o 6 n.

Prairie, i town of L >w»r Cinada,
on the right bank of the St Liwrencf.
It is the medium of coinmnnicaiion be-
tween Montreal and St. John, 9 ; s of
the tormer, and 16 w by N of th- latter.

Pratot a town of Tufcany, m Floren-
tine), with ft-veral nlanufi!<^tureB ; featfd
near the Bifeniino, lo m wnw Florence, I

Prats de Molo, a fortifieil town of |
r.."iiice, in the departnient of Eaftem
Pyrenees, near which are mines of cop-
pi r inixtd with filver. It ftands on the
Tct, 19 m sw Perpi'f^nan.

Pranjtiiizt a town and caftle of Si-
lefia, in the lordlhip of Trachenh.rg,
It has a fine church, containing the
tombs of the counts of Hntzfeld, andij
7ms Trachenberg.

Praija ; (t^e I'orto Praya,

Pricop, or Perekop, a town and for-
trels of Iluflia, in the government of
Catharinenflaf, and province of Tau-
rida, fcated on the ifthmus that joint
Crimea to the contitictit. A deep trtnd),
5 ;m long, is cut acrofs the ifthmi:f,
over wiiicli is a bridge, and upon that a
vaulted gate, called the Golden Gate of
the Tartars. The town is now reduced
to a few wooden liouffs ; and its only
riches confift of the falt-works in the
v'citiity. It is 65 m se Chcrfon- Lon,
iS ?<A K,lat- 46 8 N.

Prtcopia, a town of European Tur-
key, in Servia, on the river Morave, jo
m w NifTa.

Prejrelf a river of E Prnflia, wliicli
ilTues from the lake Angcrburg, flows
by Infterburg, VVeluu, and K"ni^fl)ei»,
and tenters the eaftern extremity of tlic
Frifch HafF.

Premijiau, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Lemburg, and a Grci!v.''n(i
Latin bilhop's fee, with a ftrong ciftle.
It is feated on the Sana, 60 m w by s
Lembnrg- Lon. ai o e, lat. 49 oN-

Prenzia, a town of brandenburg, ca-
pital of the Ucker mark. It containi
fix churches, and has a confuierable
trade in corn, tol)acco, and cattle. It
is leated on the lake .ind river Ucker, 60
m NNE Berlin. Lon. i^ 57 t, lat. 55
19 N.

Prerau, a town of Moravia, capital of
a circle of the fame name. It is li^ated
on the Beczwa, 13 m se Oimutz. Lon.
ij 29 E, lat. 49 '-13 N-

Prejhurgt a fortified city, capital ot

Hntigary, con

IM

PRE

I.ower ITunpary, with a Ilronjj caftle on
ii hill. It 13 leated on the D.inube,
which is here vi'ry r,ipid and about 250
yards broad. The inhabitants arc efti-
mated :it 27,000. Here the ftatcs of
Hungary hold their aflTcmblies, and in
the cathedral the fovereign is crowned.
In the Ciifllc, which is a noble Gothic
ftrii<5liire, are depofited th»; regalia of
Hungary, confifting of the crown and
fceptre of Stephen the firft king. The
Lutherans have a church herr, and an
academy. In 1805 a treaty of pe ice was
concluded here between Anftria and
France. Prefbur}; is ^H m E by s Vien-
na, and 95 WNw Buda. Lon. 17 7 k,
lit. 48 9 N.

Pre/eot, a town in Lancaihiro, with a
market on Tuefday. Here are manu-
fadtures of watch movements, pinion
wire, fmall files, and coarfe earthen
ware; and around it are many coal
mines. It is 8 m E Liverpool, and 197
NNw London.

Prefenzano, a town of Naples, in
Ttrra di Lavoro. It appears, by an in-
fcription, to be the ancient Uufar, and
its territory has the name of-Cufta Ru-
fraria. It is aR m n Naples.

Pre/tdii, Stado delU, a fmall territory
of Italy, on the coaft of Sicnefe. It
includes five fortrefles, referved by
Spain, when it ceded the territory of
Sienna to thedukeof Tufcany, in 1557;
and in 1735,^ t'^'^y "'^^e ceded to the
king of the i'w* Sicilies. Their names
are, Orbitello, Tolemone, Porto Her-
cole, Porto Srin-Stcphano, and Monte
Philippo. The firft of them is the ca-
pital.

Prefleif'n, a corporate town of Wales,
in Radnorfhire, with a market on Satur-
day Jt may be deemed the modern
capital of the county, for here the af-
llzes are held, and in it is the county-
jiil. The fite of its calHe is now laid
out in public walks. The number of
inhalvtants was 11 14 in iflii. It is
frati'd near the fource of the Luj^, in a
rich valley, 20 m nnw Hereford, and
151 WNW London. Lon. a 38 w, lat.

5: 13 N.

Prejiima, a town of Portugal, in lieira,

11 m N Coimhia.

Prejlo, a feaport of Dtnmark, in Zea-
land, with a good harbour in a bay of
the Baltic, 42 m ssw Copenhagen. Lon.

12 6 E, lat. 55 9 V.

Prefion, a borough in Lancafliire, go-
vfrned by a m^yor, with a market on
Wednefday, Friday, and Saturday. Here
is a court of chancery, and other offices
ofjnfticc for thecouiity-palntine ofLan-
eafter. The chief manufadtures are the

PRI

various branches of cotton and muflia.
The number of inhabitants was 1 1|88^
in 1801, and 17106^ in iRii. Prcfton
is noted for the deteat of the rebels in
1 7 15, when mod of them were made
prifoners ; alfo for a kind of carnival, or
jubilee, held'fevery 20th year, the laft of
which was in 1802. It is feated uear
the river Ribblc and the Lancafter canal,
21 m s Lancafter, and 217 nnw Lon-
don. Lon. 2 53 w, lat. 53 4^ n.

Prf/lonpnns, a town of Scotlaod, in
Hadingtonfliire, with a fife harbour,
called Morifon's Haven, on the frith of
Forth. It has manufactures of fait,
ftonc and earthen ware, and bricks and
tiles. At this place the royal army wan
defCwitcd by the rebels in 1745. It is S
m E by N Kdinburg.

Pretfchy a town of Saxony Proper,
with a fine cuftle, feated on the Elbe, id
m s Wittenberg.

Prettin, a town of Saxony Proper,
feated on the Elbe, 18 m .s by b Witten-
bere.

Prevefa, a. town of European Turkey,
in Albania, and a bifhop's fee, with a
cattle. It is the chief port in Lower
Albania for the export of oil, wool, cat-
tie, and timber. The Venetians were
long poflefled of this place, and by the
treaty of Campo Formio ceded it to the
French, from whom it was retaken by
the Turks in 1798. It ftands near the
ruins cf the ancient Nicopolis, built by
the tmperor Auguftus, in memory of hia
vi(*tory over Antony, and at the en-
trance of the gulf of Arta, 70 m Nw Le-
panto. Lon. 21 5 e, lat. 39 14 v.

Preuilly, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Indre and Loire. Near it
arc mines of iron ; and it Ihnds on the
Claife, 18 m « I.oclies.

Preufchmark, a town of Pruflia, in
Obtrland, dtfendcd by a cattle, 22m
s lilbing, and 75 sw Koniglberg.

Priaman, a town on the w coaft of
Sumatra, where the Dutch have a fac-
tory. The environs produce but little
pepper ; but the air is healthy, and it
ttands on a Irnall river in which gold is
found. Lon. qU o e, lat. i o s.

Priioda, a town of Sweden, in Smo-
Jand, 16 m .ssw Carlfcrona.

Priebust a town of Siiefia, in the prin-
cipality of Sagan, fituate on the NeiflTa,
20 m KW S.jgan.

Prhn/i'-nau, a town of Siiefia, in the
principality of Oin<»;iu, with an iron
forge and a manufacture of paper, 18 m
sw Glogau

Prince Edward I/land, in the gulf of
St. Lawrence. See John, St-

Prince Frtderic, a town of Maryland,

FR I

chief of CaWert county. It (lands on
the w itdf of Chefapeak bay, ao m eme
Port Tobacco, and 35 »» W-ifhington.

Prince of Jl'alef tape, the moft weft-
ern extremity of America hitherto
known, difcovcrcd by Cook in 1778.
It is on the k fide uf Bcering llrait.
Lon. 168 5 w, lat. 65 46 N.

Prince of IVales I'ort, the moft north-
ern fetti«raent of the Hudfon Bay Com-
pany, fcattd on the w fide of Hudfon
bay, at the- mouth of Churchill river.
Lon. 94 7 w, lat. 58 47 n.

Prince of Wnles J/land, or Pennng,
an iflaiid a m from the w coaft of Ma-
lacca, iR m long and 14 broa«i, divided
longitudin illy by a ridge of mountains.
The channel to the mainland is a fafe
road for fliips. This ifland was pur-
chaltd of the king of Queda by the En-
glifh E fndia Company, who fotmeda
fettlemeiit here in 1786; and in five
years after, Georgetown, its capital, was
eftabli/hcd as a leaport. Lon. 9H 50 e,
lat. 5 36 M.

Prince IVilUam Henry Ifland, an ifland
in the Pacific ocean, difcovcrcd by cap-
tain Wallis, in 1767. Lon. 141 6 w,
lat. 190 s.

Prince William Uenry Ifland, an ifland
in the I'acific ocean, about 70 m in cir-
cuit, difcovered by lieut. Ball, in 1790.
It is pretty hif,!), wt-ll wooded, and ap-
peared to havf a number of cultivated
tracts. The natives were quite naked,
and of a copper colour- A high moun-
tain ill the centre was called Mount
Philip. Lon. 149 30 e, lat. I 3a s.

Prince f William 'Sound, a gulf on the
5JW coafl: of America, fo named by
Cook, in 1778. The men, women, and
children, are all clothed in the fame
manner. Their ordinary drefs is a fort
or clofe robe, vvliich fonetimes reachfs
only to the knees, but generally down
*'•> the arclcs. They are compofed of
the Icins of various animals, and are
eommi;nly worn with the hairy fide
outward. The men often paint their
faces of ii black colour, and of a bright
red, and fomttimesof a bluifli or leaden
hue ; but not in any regular figure.
The women punfture or ftain the chin
with black, and bring it to a poi^it on
each of their cheeks. Their canoes are
of two forts; the one large and open,
the other fmall and covered : the fram-
ing coiififts of flerfder pieces of wood,
and the out fide is compofed of the (kins
of feals, or other fea animals, ftrctched
over the wood. Their weapons, and
implements for hunting and fifhing, are
the fame as thofe ufed by the Eiqui-
naMX. Our knowkdce of the aninauls

PRT

of thii part of the continent is entirely
derived from the flcins brought by the
natives forfale; thcle were principally
of bears, common and pine mariens, fci.
otitrs, (eals, racoons, (mill ermincj,
foxes, and the whililh cat or lynx. The
birdt found here were the halcyon, the
great kingfiflier, the white-headed cajle,
and the humming bird. Few vtgetu.
bles of any kind were obferved ; and the
trees that chiefly grew about the found
were the Canadian fpruce pine. Lon.
147 21 w,lat. 59 33 N.

Princej Ijland, an ifiand near the w
coaft of Guinea, 90 m in circuit, difto-
vcred by the Portuguefe in 147 1. It ij
elevated :ind fertile, and has a town on
the north part, with a good harbour.
Lon. 7 40 E, lat. I 40 N.

Princes Ifland, a fmall idand in the
Indian ocean, near the w entrance of the
ftrait of Sunda. It is fubje(5t to the kiiijf
of Hanlam, and vifittd by Europein
fhips for wood and water. Lon. 104
30 K, lat. 6 15 3.

Princes Iflands, four fmall ifiands in
the fea of Marmora, near the ftrait of
Conllantinople, called Prinkipo, Prote,
Kalke, and Antigone. The fiift is the
largcft, and has a town containing above
ao90 inhabitants. Lon. 28 56 e, lat. 40

51 N.

Princefs Ann^ a town of Maryland, in
Somerfet county, fituate on Chefapeak
bay, on the e fide of Monokin river, a/;
m wsw Salifbury.

Princeton, a towi of New Jerfey, in
Middleft'x county. Here was a colkje
called NafTau Hall, which was burnt
down in 180 a. Itis 13 m ne Trenton,
and 18 sw Brunfwlck.

Princeton, a town of N Carolina, in
Gales county, fituate on the Meherrin,
3 m above Murfrecfborough, and %i
ENK Halifax.

Principato, a province of Naples, di-
vided into Prlncipato Ultra and Citra,
or Further and Hither Principato.
Principato Citra is bounded on the n
by Principato Ultra, e bv Bafiiicatu,
and s and w by the Meditciranean. It
is 60 m long and 30 broad ; the foil fer-
tile in wine, corn, oil, and falfron; and
it has a great deal of filk, and ftveral
mineral fprings. Salerno is the capital.
Principato Ultra is bounded on the n by
the county of Molife and Terra dl La-
voro, E by Bafilicata and Capitanata, s
by Principato Citra, and w by the Me-
diterranean. It is 37 m long and 30
brt)ad ; the foil not fertile in corn or
v/ine, but it produccK clu ftnuts asiii ex-
cellent pafture. Iknevento » the ca'
pital.

PRO

PrI/re/iM, a town of European Tur-
key* in Albatii.i, aiul a l)i(hop'a fee;
featcd on a branch of the Dtiii, 4U m
KNE Scutari. Lon. 20 jj b> lat. 4)
51V.

Piijliim, a town of European Turkey,
4nS(-rvi;i, iVatod on the Uulcu, 150 ni u
by u. Bc:lgrade. Lua. ai 36 le., lat 4a

Paitzivalkf a town of Br.ituieiiburfif,
ill tht* mark of I'rrgnit/,, fcuted on the
Domnit/., 1,3 m tNi. I^erk-berg.

I'rivaj, a town of France, capital of
the depuriment of Atdichc- It is Icatcd
on a hill, near the conlluciicu of three
fmall rivers, 6ii m s Lyon. Lon. 436
E, lat. 44 4? N-

ProiiJa, an ifland in the j:ulf of Na-
ples, iic.ir that of llchia, % in in circuit,
and VLiy fertile and populous. The
capital, of the Inmc name, iu fortified,
and llanda on a high craggy rock by the
ftalidi?. Lon. 14 S k, lat. 40 aj n.

Prodano, an ifland in the Mediterra-
nean, formerly called Sphadteiia. It
lies near the \v coait of \Jorea, 36 m to
the ssfc of Zante. Lon. %i i\ i, lat. 37
15 N.

Prome, a city of l\'gii| capital of a
province of the lame name. It was for-
merly the metropolis of the kingdom^
but has been greatly reduced by fre-
quent wars. Much teak timber is lent
hence to Rangoon. It is frated on the
Irrawady, i^o m nw Pegu. Lon. 95 o
w, lat. 18 50 N.

ProfpeBy a town of the diftrivft of
Maine, in Hancock county, on the w
Side of Penobfcot river, la m nne Bel-
faft.

Profperous, a village of Ireland, in the
county of Kildare, 16 m sw Dublin.
It has a confiderable manufadlure of
cotton.

Projinitz, a town of Moravia, in the
circle of Olmutz, 8 m ssw Oimutz.

Provenct, a late province of France,
13!$ m long and 100 broad ; bounded on
the N by Dauphiny, e by the Alps
and the river Var, s by the Mediterra-
nean, and w by Languedoc. In that
which was called Upper Provence, the
foil IS fet tile in corn and pafture ; but
in Lower Provence, dry and fandy. It
produces, however, wine, oil, figs, al-
monds, prunes,and pomegranates, along
the feacoaft ftom Toulon to Nivc.
There are orange and litron trees in
the open fields; and mai.y niediciiial
plants, mineral waters, and mine* of te-
veral kinds. Provence now forms the
departments of Var, Lower Alps, and
Mouths of the Rhone.

Providence, one of the Bahama iflp.adtf

PllU

and the '>)cft of thofe planted by the
Knglilh. It was taken by the Spaniard»
in 178a, but retaken the next year. The
chief town is Nadau, which is the rdi-
dence of the governor of the B.ihamaH,
and iituate on the n coalt, with a gooil
port defended by a caltlc. Lon. 77 z*
w, lat. 35 i a,

Pro'vuleuiit an ifland in the Atlantic,
which the bucaiiiers fortified, but after-
ward abandoned- It is 150 m K oi the
coalt of Nicaragua. Lon. 80 4.1 w, lit.
13 i5 N.

Proindencf, a liver that rifes in the
ftate of Mailachufctts, flows .s into that
of Rhode Ifland, and waters the town of
Providence, whence it is navigable for
Ihips to Naiiaganlel bay, which it en-
ters on the w fulc of Rhode ifland.

Providence, the oldell town of the
ftate of Rhode llland, chief of a county
of its name, and the li'mi-capital of the
ftate. It has leveral mannfadures, and
a large foreign a..j inland trade. Heic
are lix edifices for public worihip ; a
handlbme court-houle, in which is a
library for the ufe of the town and
county ; and a flourifhing I'eminary, call-
ed Rhode Ifland College. Providence
is feated on both fides of a river of the
fame name, 30 m nw Newport. Lon.
71 a6 w, lat. 41 51 N.

Provincetoiun, a town of Maflachu-
-tts, in Barnftable county, fituate on the
hook of Cape Cod. Its harbour is one
of the belt in the ftate. and was the firft:
port entered by the Englilh, in 1630,
when they came to fettle in New Eng-
land. The houies are only one Itory
high, and (et upon piles, that the driving
lands may pafs under them. The inha-
bitants are wholly dependent on Bofton,
and the towns in the vicinity, for every
vegetable production. It is 50 m tsE
Bofton.

Provins, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Seine and Marne, celebrat-
ed for its mineral waters and confervei
of roles. It lb feated on the Vouzie, 3*
m SE Meaux, and 47 se Paris.
Pruck ; fee Brack.
Pruja, or Prujiu ; fee Bur/a.
Pruj)ia, a country of Europt , bound-
ed on the N by tht Baltic, k by Samo-
gitia and Lithuania, b by Poland, and w
by Gt.inian). It produces a gieai deal
ol timber, flax, h^mp, tobaceo, and
coin ; and mueti aunc ib ioaiid on the
leicoaft. itic (.ioiiKltic anuiials are nu-
iiArotiii, ai.d, l>enUv tlu coiumon game,
there are eiko, wiul ,illJ>, a i«1 l;i(on8, la
tlie tori Its; Uie I Hit are of a n>ui!lt!..u3
fize, and tneir hidcb are fold to U<i> i^n.-
ers at a great price. The principal

r;\

m

%

a T

* 1

J ^'i

pnu

rivets nrf t^f Vifttil.i ,inH Prrprl ; and
fherc nrc minicnus l.ikrs, tfpcriii'ly in
K PriifTii. The itihahiian'i' n»'e iriflijl-
trious, n buft, nn.i good IblHipr"!; tliTe
are a pr»".i: niirrhrr of in«'chntiic!ii, but
thfir j/riiii-ipal biifiiitfs i? hiifb.itulry,
ani» the fenJiti^ of c.ittle. They arc r»
mixturf of difRicnt iiatinrn, comprf-
bcnHfd rndiT th(» dt'nc>inin;itions of
I'mfnaup, Pole*, and Lithunnians. Mofl
of th«> I'mfiiniis and the nobility coii-
fiirrn to the Oernian bngiinjro and man-
ners. The Lutheran religion i« thf
moft prev;»!ent, but all reli^'iodfi fi"d:i
fnjoy liberty of confcience. Thr priti-
eipal manuf.iAures arp glaft, iron, cop-
per, brafH, {iunpowdrr, paper, clotlii
linen, aii'l Itockinga. In the r.^th cen-
tury Pruflla belonged to the l:ni)?hts of
the Temoiiic Ord«T. In 1454, that part,
fince denominated Polifh, or Weft Pruf-
fia, revolted to Cifimir iv, king uf Po-
land, and was incorporated into the do-
minions of the republic. A^ the fan^e
tinn.e, the knights were conftrained to
hold the remaining part, called Ducal
rr Eaft Pruflla, as a fi^t of the crown of
Poland. In i.ss.';. Albert, the grand
n)afttr, betrayed the intererts of hi? fra-
ternity, and concluded a treaty with
Sigifmund, king of Poland, by which E
Pruflla was ereiited into an hereditary
fluchy, and given to him as a Polifh fief.
Having adopted the tenets of Luther,
he married a princtfs of Denmark, and
tranfmitted this rich inheritance to his
defcendants; one of whom, Frederic-
William, was the firft duke that threw
off his dependence on Poland, in 1657.
It is divided into the Ofiman depart-
ment, or that of Kopijjfbcrf;; and Ihr
Lithuanian, of which Gumhinncn is the
feat of regency. The foundation of the
Piufllan monarchy was eltablifhed by
the above Frederic-William, between
1640 and 1688. His fon and fucreflor
Frederic, in 1701, afllmied the title of
King of Pruflla, which was f«i*)n after
acknowledged by all the Cliriflimi pow-
ers, except Poland, which did n. t ac-
knowledge it till 1764. In 1741, Fre-
deric 11 acquired the duchy of Silefia
from the houfe of Auftria; and in 1772,
he compelled the Poles to cede to him
H part of Great Poland, and the whole
of W Pruflia, except the cities of Dant-
r.ic and Thorn. In 1793, Frederic-
William T I, by another forced cefllon,
obtained the poirefllou of thofe cities;
alio the remainder of Great Poland,
and the provinces of Mafovia and Pola-
chia, which were denominated South
Pruflla, and Polen made the feat of go-
vernment. From the unAiccel'sful war

TlTC

with the Fnrnr.h, in 1807, Frederic.
Wiili.iin III, bytht'tKaty at Tilfifipavf
up nil the new acquilitions from Poland,
allii the circle of Cotbiis in Liifiitia, ari,|
all his Germ.in territories w of the rivrr
Elbe. I'lit from a fortunate change in
aft'iirs, and llif luccefsful termination of
the Germ m campaign at the olofe of
iHtj, all his loft territories are likely d
be reftored by a general treaty of pe.ice.
Korii) fberg is tne rapit.«l.

Pnttk, a river that rife« in Poland, in
the mountain of Crapnch, crofll'S p^n
of the pabiinate ot Lembnrg, flowi
through Moldavia into llefl'arbia, and
enters the Danube, ab(»ve Reni.

Prut/>n, a town of France, iti the de-
partincnt of Sarre, lately of Germany,
ill the clf<?\oiate of Treves, with a
princely abbey ; feated on the rivrr
Prufm, 30 in n by w Treves.

Przrmijlia, a town of Poland, in th*
palatinate of l.cmbcrg, witti •« caftle,
on the river San, 54 m w by s Lemftcr?,

Przeival, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Chclm, 56 m e by n
Chelm.

Prizi/jra>», a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Heraun, with a filver mine ,ind
an iron foundery, near the river Muld.iu,
a8 m ssB Prague.

Pjhra, an ifland of the Archipelr<(ro,
lying off the nw point of that of Scio.
Though a fmall illand, it is rich in corn
and other provifions, and has a good
h.ubour on the e coafl:, frequented ly
fhips pafllng to and from Conftant'.ri.,.
pie. The principal town is about n
mile from the port, where the Turldlh
governor rdldes. In the centre ot'thi-
tile is a lofty peak, and on its fiinimit
the Greeks have built a fmall cinpti,
which being whitened, i.< fetn at a jaeat
difl:ance. Lon. 25 45 E, lat. 38 43 n.

Pyhf, or Pl'jkof, a (government of
Ruflla, once a republic, fubdued by
Ivan VafTilivitch, and formerly "com.
priled in the government of Novogo«
rod.

PJlof, or Pltjkof, a town of Riiftii,
capital of a government of the (airK*
name, and an apchbilhop's fee, with a
f^rong caftle. It is leated on the river
Welika, at its entrance into the lake
Tchudflcoi, 80 m s Narva, and 150 s
by w Pcterlburg. Lon. 27 5 a e, lat. 57
38 V.

Puccuhe, a town of Hindooftan, in
Bengal, 40 m Nw Dacca.

Puchacay, the moft: fouthcrn of the
Spanifti provinces in Chili. It prodiicej
gold duft in abundance, and great quan-
tities of large ftrawberries both wild
and cultivated. The capital is Gualquii

Hindooftan, in

P I.T L

but the principal pl^cc is thr city of
Conception.

I'lickhol't, A town nf Hindooftin, in
the pioviiue of Lilmie, 86 m sw Ctlh-
weut, and 145 nw Lahore. Lon. 75 j
»•> I'lt 33 4.S N.

Puiidiu a river of Hindooftan , which
riles in the sw p^rt of Agimtii', flows
between the provinci'O of Ciich ;uid
Cin/eiat, and enlerx (he giilt uf Cutch-
yWoiffl, a town of Uiillii, in thi- jjo-
vermmt «if Olonilx, (ii the h ci.all of
the lake of Ontzkor, 108 n\ e Olonetz
I. on. ^6 i,o K, I If. 61 36 N.

l'u:bl(i,n lowM oi Spain, in Galicia.
feitivl mar the Atlmtic, 29 m ^^w Com-
pud-. Iki.

Puthla, or Pufbla de lot An/^elos, a

city i)f New Spain, r.ipital of 'I'laicala,

and a bifliop's fee. N' xt to M' xieo and

Onan ixnato it is thf mo't confulerahle

city of New Spain, imd contain- 67,800

inhabitants The ftrtrts ar^ l>roid and

itrai,i;ht, and the biiiloin^'s in jr^n^-ral of

(lone, lofty and rlrxan». In the i.entre

of the city is a brge fquare, adorned on

thiee fides with nmfor'n iioitieos, wh-rc

aiv Ihops filled with rich commodities,

and on ite oti'tr wit' ih»; cathedral,

which hr'iH a beautifu ("'oiit ano u\(>

lofty towers. Belide liie rich caihfdral,

there are many cliiirchus, conv.-nts,

temples, and coIIckcs, well built and

finely adorned. A luiall river runs

through the town, and the adjacent

valley products vines and all forts of

European f'-uits. The articles of trdlic

die cloths, fruit, foap, cotton manutac-

ttire8, fine eat then ware, and ail kinds

of iron and ftcel work. It is 80 m esb

Mexico. Lon. 98 3 w, lat. iq o n.

Puebla d'Alcocer, a town of bpain, in
Eftroniadura, 48 m v. Merida.

Puebla Nuova, a town of New Spiiin,
in \ eragiia, near the P.'.cific ocean, ico
in vv St. Jago. Lon. 83 o w, lat. 8 u n-
Puebla df Satiabria, a town of Spain,
in the province of Leon, 45 m sw Af-
tor^ja.

Puettte, a town of Spain, in Navartc,
en the river Agra, 8 rn .ssw Pamplona.

Puerto Hello, Puerto liieo, SiC- For
all ntmes, which, in the Spniiini lan-
guage, figiiify A port t fee Porto.

Puf^lia, the ancient Apulia, contain-
ing the thrt'i; provinces of Capitanata,
Bati, and Otranto, on the lide of the
knindom of Naples.
Pulluh/t a town of Wales, in Catnar

P II 11

Pulo Condore, fee (.'ondorfi .ind fo
with other iflindb tbat have li)metimet
Pulo [Ifland] prt'fixfd.

Pullicate, a town of Hindooftan, in
the Carnatic, on the feacoilt, and .it the
» end of a large lake to which it gives
name, 23 m n M.nlrai.

Pultou/i, a town of Poland, In the
palatinate of Maliivia. In 1807. a bat>
tlf Was foui<ht here between the French
and kuirnns, in which l)iith CvUn cfiim*
ed the vidtory. It is leated on the Na.
ri w, 30 ni .. Warfaw.

Pultoiva, a fortified town of thr
U'<iaine, tamous for a biiMi* in 1709,
bctwfen P tir tin- great and ("h.irles xii
of Sweden, in which die latti-r w,i& tn-
t.illy defcatfd. It is loo ni »w B'.-lgurod.
Lon. 34 i5 I , lat 49 j6 n.

I'una, an illind in the Pacific ocean,
15 Ml lonjj and 12 broad, iyiii); at the
entrance ot the pent ot Guayaquil. It
his an Indian town of the lame name,
90 m 8SW (Juayaqiiil. Lon. 81 6 w,
lat. 3 17 s.

Punhete, a town of Portiical, in Eftre-
muhira, at thi- co-ifiux of ihe Zt/.crc
with I he Tajo, 6 m nw Abrantes.

Pu/ijxoor, or Pensrr^urt a town of
Prrlia, in .Mekraii, chirf of a diftrid of
the lame name, celebrated for the qua-
lity and quantity of the dates it pro-
duces I' is 150 ni NNb Kidjre.

Pui7o a town of Peru, in the dioccfe
of Pitz,on the nw fi'.le of LakcTiticaca,
170 m NW Paz.

Puuin del (jiida, the capital .'^t. Mi-
ch.iel, one of the Azon s, with a liionpj
calUe. It is lituate on the s fide, and
contains 1 2, oco inhabitants. Thellrcets
are regular, and of convenient width ;
?.nd the churchcc, religious hoiif-s, and
public edifices, may be deemed elegant.
There is no haiboiir in the vicinity of
the town ; and veflels ufually anchofat
a diftarce from the fhore in an open
road. I.on. 25 42 w, lat. 37 47 n.
Punto Gullo ; fee Callo-
Purbi'ck, Ijle of, a rou);h and heathy
irad in Dorlctniire, to the s of Pool««
bay. It IS iiifulatcd by the fta and
rivers, aiul is famous for its ftone quar-
ries. The principal of thefe lie .'it the
ealternex'remiiy, uearSwanage, whence
the Hone is exported. It is of the cal-
careous kind, but difiingniflied into
numerous i()rls, the fineft of which de-
ferve the name of marble, and are uii.'d
for chimni-ypicces, hearths, &c. The

Tonlhite, governed by a mayor, with a coarfer kinds are made ufeof i» paving;.

r!arket on Wednelday and Saturday ; Fine clay is dug up in feveral parts of

leatcd on an mlet of Cardigan bay, be- this ifland, the beft near Corfe caftle, of

iween two rivers, ai m 8 Carnarvon, which much is exported, particularly

and 243 K w London. for the Staffordlhire potteries.

I

\M ¥ i

"!'f

%w

\

I

'<«

.1-

!■

pr Y

PurchtHAt a tuwii uf Spaltii in t!; >
province of OunnUa, 7'j m k OranaiU.
Lon. X jr, w, Ut. j7 19 N.

/Vvf"'» a ▼'"•'gL' in I'.Hcx, fitiiaf'-on
the Thamrs. 4 in w Gr.iy«-Tliurr»ck.
It had cxUiifivc liine-xt'urks, and a large
nia(;air.ine of giinpow ler-

Purification^ n tov n of New Sp.iin, in
Cuailalnxar.it 145 ni sw (juadal.ixara.
Lon. 1C4 30 w, lat. iQ 25 N.

Purmertnd, a ftrong town of N Hol-
land, on a brook of (la- i'.ime name, 10
m N liy E Amftcrii^ni, and la su
Alcmarr.

Purntfi.'i, a town of nind()oft;<n, in
Bengal, on a river that flown into the
Ganges, iz, m nnw Moorliicdabad.
Lon. 87 40 K, lat. 25 47 ^.

Purt/jhuri;, a town o'' • *?',ro'ina, in
l^caut'ort diftr'cl, built ! y i,o' , v of
Kwijii, with a view to t. cull ,11 • of
lilk. It is ft'aiPd on the n\ » Savar
to m NNW Savanna. Lon. 81 5 w, Ui.

J3 12 N.

PuJ'chiavo, a town of SwilTerUnd, in
the canton of Grifons, 3 m n from a
lake to which it givei name. It i:4 17m
wsw Bormio, and 20 e Chinvcnna.

Piitala, or Patcli, a mountain of
Tibet, near the banks of the Burram-
pnoter, 7 m k Lafla. On its fummit ii
thepalacpof the grand lama, the high
pried and fovereign of Tibet, and the
ordinary place of his refidence.

PuilitXy a town of Brandenburg, in
the mark of Pregnitz, with an old caftle,
II m NNE Perlcberg.

Putney, a village in Snrry, feated on
the Thames, over which is a wooden
bridge, 4 m wsw London. It is thn
birthplace of Thomas Cromwell, earl
of Ellex, whofe father was a black-
fmith ; and of Nicholas Wtft, bifliop
of Ely, his contemporary, a great
ftatefman, whofe father was a baker.
On Putney heath is an obclifk, erefttd,
in 1786, in commc-moration of Mr.
HarMfy's invention of fircplates for lir-
curing buildings from fire ; and on its
borders are fcveral flegant manflons-

Puttarty or Puttati Summaut, a town
of Hindooftan, capital of the circar of
Puttan, in Guzerat. It ftands near the
fca, 95 m s Noauagur. Lon. 69 40 t,
lat. 21 2 N.

Puy, a city of France, capital of the
department of Upper Loire. The prin-
cipal church is famnus for a prodigious
quantity of relics ; and Our Lady of
Pny is celebrated in the annals of fu-
perflition. The canons of Puy have
had kings and dauphins of France at
their head. Pu'y has manufa(51ures of
lace andTilk ftuffs. It is feated on the

PYR

mountain Anis, near the river Loire. 4^^
n\ NK Mendci And 65 ik Olermont.
Lon. ,1 jjH K, l.it. 4"; {8 K.

Puy en Ahjou, .1 town of France, In
the dtpartment «)f .Maycnne and Loire,
10 m ^.'^w S.iiiinnr.

I'uy dc Potui-, adepartinent of France,
Containing part of tlif late province of
Aiivi>rf;nc. It has it! name from a
mountain, fituatrtothe w of Clermont,
the dpital of the dipartmcnt.

Puy P i'.tiejtte, a town of France, in
the dVpaitniint of Lot, 16 m w by N
Calioiit.

Puy Moijon, a town of France, in
the department of Lower Alps, 15 m >

Ptiy la Ho<juet a town of Fratice, in
the department of Lut, 18 m s&p.
CahorK.

Puycerda, a town of Spain, in Catalo-
nia, capital of the county ofCerdagna;
fnrroundcd by wal,^ and baltions, and
defended by a cafllc. It was taken by
ihe French in 1794- It ftands at the
foot of the Pyrem-e*, near the fourcc
of the Scgra, 48 tn w by s Ptrpignan,
and 78 N by vv Barcelona. Lon. i ^9
K, lat. 42 36 N.

Puylaurentt a town of France, in th<
department of Tarn, 28 m s by w Alby

Puzzoli, or Pozzuah, the ancient
Puteoli, a celebrated but now inconfi-
derable city of Italy, on the bay of
Naples. Here are the remains of the
temple of Jupiter Serapis, an intercfting
monument of antiquity, being differf-nt
from the Roman and Greek temples,
and probably built by the Egyptian and
Aiiatic merchants fettled at Puzzoli,
which was the great emporium of Italy,
till the Romans built Oftia and Antiiim.
Many other remains of temples, am-
phitheatres, and other public buildings
in this city, afford convincing proofs of
its former iragnificence. 'I'ht cathedral
is fuppolld to fland on the ruins of a
temple, and is undoubtedly built in a
great degree of ancient materials, as
appears from the vafl blocks of marble
that in many places form its walls. Near
this city ftood Cicero's villa, called
I'uteolanum, but not a vtftige is left to
mark its fituation. Puzzoli is 10 m w
Naples

Py/e lludbar, a town of Perfia, in
Ghiiun, liippofed to be the arcient
rauce> Ilyrciiiiije ; feated in a niiriow
pafs, and on the livcr Kizil Ozan, ^S
m s.'5W Refill.

Pyrbaum, a town of the palatinate of
hav.iria, capital ofalordfhip of t!ie fame
name. It {lands on the frontiers of
Franqonia, 13 ra se Nuremburg.

-^ ^k

QUA QUA

?yr^»r^i,mountain»thatdi»Ul«FMnce the w flje of which ii Nootka fjiiml.

from Spain, Hnd the moll crlfbrateil in It wai fu n.imrj by captain Vancouver

F.uropr, ••xccpt thf Alps. Thc-ycxtrml in complimcni to fenor Qiiaclri, ihe

from thr Mediterraiiiiii to the Atlantic, Spanilli comm^n'lant at Nootka. It in

about 211 m, and have different nameii, about :)oo m long, and So in itigieateft

accordiiiK to their dittVrent fituationi.
Thr paHage* o»cr ihcm are not fo dif-
ficult as thofi" of thr AIpi. Tliifi'
mo intainA yield gre it quantities of tim-
ber for (hip-building, and ahund inc<' of
pitch and tar. Their medium height
in reckoned at 8000 fei-t, but many part«
ar« confid'^rably highfr : fi-e Perdu,
Mount. At the weuern pals of thcli*
mountains, on thi* Sp.iniln frontier, a
battle was fought the end of July 18 1^,
in which the French army, under mar-
flial Souli, was fignally defeated by the
;illics under lord VVelliugton

breadth.

(huidrelln, a town of Napirs, In
Terra di Lavora, i« m titr. Naples.

Quani^-plnxt a city of China, of thr
firit rank, in fhi* province of Pe tclu- Ii,
211 m »if. Peking. Lou. 114 jo R, lal.
j6 47 N-

QuaruiJi, a province of China, hound-
ed on the n hy Koei-tchrou and IIou-
quang. w by Yunnan and the l<ingd<im
of Tonquin, s by the jjidf of Tonciuin
and the province ofQmng-tong, :md
K by tlie lame ami llou-quang. The
foutheru part is a (lat country, and well

Pyrenees, Eajhrn^ a department of cultivated; but tlu' northf-rn U t\ill of

France, containing the late province of
Hounillon. Although great part of the
country is mountainous, it is fertile ;
producing corn, excellent wine, olives,
and oranges ; alfo leather of a fupcrior
tjuality. Ptrpignan is the capital.

I'yrertffs, Lower, a department of
France, containing the late pioviiicis
ofBafques and Rc.aru. Pau is the ca-
pital. Sec Savnrre.

Pi/renees, l/'/>er, a department of

mountains covcr«*d with tr«-c!<, and hai
mines of gold, filvei, copper, and tin.
It is watered oy fcvcral rivers, and pro-
duces fo much rice, as to fupply V ia«
habitants ol'^mng-tong f.>r lix m 'th,-.
in the year. Here is a nn),'uiar tree,
which, inltead of pith, contain. \ toil
pulp that yields a kind of Hour; and
the bread made of it is faid to be
exceedingly good. Befiilc p:iro( .eti,
hedge-hogs, and iht rliiiiocer »8, a pro-

France, containing thf late province of digious number of '.vild anim.i curioua

Rlgorre. Here are excellent horlLs and

Kood partridges. The valleys are very

iVrtile; furnifhing rye, millet, Sp.iiiilh

iorn, and llax. The momitaius have

"injnes of h;ad, iron, ati<l copper, and

quarries «»f flate, marble, and jal'pcr.

Tarbes is the capital

birds, and unoiiinion inlca-, arc found
here. (2"^>-''"g '« the capital.

Qtinu^-lotj^, .1 province of Ciuna,
hounded (in the w by Quanjjli and
Tonquin, n hy Ho:i.(|uang and Kiang.
Ii, Nfc by Folxieii. and .s by the China
fea. It ip divcrfified by valleys and

/'v/yo, a town of European Turkey, mountains, and yields two crops of

1V4/\i-»o t'^n t ft M r'wMV Alp>ii<-llo -^ a rvt nrWVl in fl vfji'ii* Ff iK/-vi«*^ .l<i !« ..1.1

in Morca, on the river Alphcus, 34 m
Nw Tripolizzi.

Pyrmout, a town of Weitphalia, in .i
•nunty of the lame name, with a fine
citadel. Near it are mineral water.<:,
well known to all Europe, and often
frequented by perlbns of the hitjlieft
rank. It is icated in a deliglitfid valley,
between high mountains, 38 m sw
Hanover. Lon. 9 20 k, lat. 51 z^^ n.

Pijrtle'in, a town of Bavaria, in tlie
principality of Paflau, inliilated in Aiil-
tiia. It it 10 m NW Lintz, and 2% e
PiiTiU.

corn in a year. It abounds in gold,
jewels, filk, pearls, tin, quijkfijver,
brafs, iron, fteel, laltpetre, iugar, ebo-
ny, and leveral forts of oderiferous
wood ; befide fruit of all kinds. Here
is a tree, whofe wood is remarkably
hard and heavy, and thence called iron
wood. The mountains are covered
with a fort ofofiers, which ctep along
the ground, and are fo tough that baf-
kets, hurdles, mats, and "ropes, are
made of them. The inhabitants breed
a prodigious number of ducks, whofe
e^'gs they hatch in ovens. They load a
great number of litiall barks with flocki
of thefc birds, and carry them to the
feafliore, where the ducks mix toge-
ther, and feed 011 fluiinps and other
kinds of Ihellfifli left by the tide; and
,....^. .,„,-..., ... .. ^..^ -, when night approaches they are Col-
in the principality of Ofnaburg, feated ledled together by onlv beating on a
•n the Hafe, 30 rn n Ofnaburg. balin, and each flock rt.turni to its owa

Quadra and Vancouver [/land, an Ycflel. Canton is the capital ; but tht
iQandoBthe nw coaft of America, oa viceroy rttfidot at Cliao-king.

Q

Quackeniruck, a town ofWeftphalia,

■» »

Qttmn^ton^, a town on the m hoi<!fr«
of kiii|r<l(iin ot Uirmah, with 4 lort,
r'Atrd oil till' IrrjWiidd^, 150 in MNk
Umin»'Mpoor.i.

Qunritz, .1 town of Siluda, in tlic
principjllty of Clog.iu, 11 m wuw
Olo^aii.

Qurtiiix, a town of Trancf, in tin*
ilcp.irtmi'nl of Viriiiif, ii in'»> Poitien.

ihiibre, a city aiul Hit' capital of
Lower Can.id;i, hni.itc on thr lift bink
ofth«'St. Lawrence. It it divided into
thi' iippn and lower town; the fiirmrr
erc»!t».d on the fnmmit of a hl^ck limc-
ftonc rncic, and tlio latter unind the
hafpof the Pinim-nce, on the bord»'r of
the river. The hij^hrft part of this rock
1(1 called Caor Diami nd| tiorn the num-
ber of tranfpannt quart/ cryftals fouiul
in its (i flu res, and is .^50 feit nbovt- tin.
level <(f thr rivi-r, of which ajo rifen
pt'rpcndicularly. The commiiiiicatioii
between the Iovvit and upper town i«
callrd Mnuntain-ftrrct, wmch is in a
wiiidinji; form and very ltt.ep. The
hoiifua in each arc of ilone, and the (or-
lific;iiions (troiig, though not regular.
Tht cit;idcl, which flandl on ihf point
of Cape Diamond, covers tin- town, and
»» both rt'uular and handfumc. Thi- ca-
thedral ot the catiiolics ij a plain build-
ing, with the fpire on one fide of it«
front. The jcfuitg* collr^r, a large edi-
fice, is now converted into a ban, ik
for the troops. The proteflant metro-
politan church, and a hoiife for the
courts of law, arc neat edifices built on
thv fitc of a monaftery dellroycd by fire
in 1796. Thcfeminaryol the cadi' )lic8
and the convent of the Urfulincs arc
fpacious buildings, with extenfive gar-
dens. On the N fide of the town is an
cdificp above 500 feet long, containing
the olHcc of ordnance, an armoury,
ftorehoules and woiklhops, and a pub-
lic paol. The river heif narrows fiid-
denly to the breadth of a mile ; but
hnice to the lea it is from li to 15 m
broad, and navigable for men of war.
'I'hr harbour is fate and commodious,
and flanked by two baltions, raifed 25
foet from tlie ground, which is the
height <if the tquinocftial tides Here
are fcvcnd dock-yards, and vefllls of
every dt-lcription, from 5010 1000 tons,
are conllrudtfd of materials found in the
country, but the anchors, fails, and
cordagr, are generally imported. The
inhabitants are computed at 15.000.
This city was eredtd by the French in
1605. The Englilh reduced it, with all
Canada, in 1626; but it was r< (lored in
T632. In I ■; 1 1, it was bt'fieged by the
Enghfh without fuccefs, but waii taken

Q U 1:

by them In 17^), id>fr a battle merflfc
table fur the tlt-.ith of general VVoltV, in
ihe moment of vi«!toiy. and ciiifirmrd
to them by the prakc of 176). In 1775,
it waiattacki'd by the Aiiieiicam under
general Montgomery, who w n llaiii«
and his army irpiiliid. It in yi o in by
the river, IrDrn th«- Atlaniic <»ct.»M, and
{)o K BoAon. Lull' 71 10 w, lat.
46 .17 N.

(iuiu/a, a city and feaport on the w
coalt of Mal.iy.i, tlu capital of a kingdom
tribnt.iry to Niam. 'I'ht; priiieiual tratic
is in pepper. It hat .1 good harbour,
and in ,sco m nnw .Malacca. i..un.
99 10 K. Lit. 6 5 N,

HucMinghurg, A town of Uppr-r Saxo-
ny, in the principality of Anhalt, widi
a caltic, and a proteilant abbi.'y, whofc
.ibbefs was a princrf* of the empire
I'iie liver Hodc divides it into the old
au'l new t >wn. It has a tiarle in brandy
and linen, and it ^u m s by u Ilalbcr*
(ladr. I. on. II 25 t, lat. 5 1 30 s,

Quffn Ann, a town of Maryland, in
Prince Gtor^e county, filiiaic at the
foot of a hill, on the I'atiixeiit, 1 j ni
!iw Annapoli", and ai k W Jibington.

Quctn Charlotte I/la>itJ, an iDanil in
the Pacific ocean, 0 m long and a mile
broad, difcovercd by capiain Wallii in
1 767. Lon ij8 4 w, lat. 19 18 s.

Quffu C/iarloite yla>:ds, a group of
iflands in the Pacific (x:ian, explored
by c'.ptain Carteret in 1767 There is
only one of anycoiifiderable fize, which
he L.'imed Egmont, and is the fame
which the Spaniards call St. Cruz, it
is 60 m long an 1 from ;o to 30 broad,
woody and mountainous, with many
vallicH intermixed. 'I'he inhabitants are
very nimble, vigorous, and adiive ; and
their weapons are bows and arrows
pointed with Hint. On the n fide is a
harbour namtd Swallow bay. Lon.
164- 26 E, lat. 10 42 s.

(itieeti Charlotte Sounds .1 found at
tht! N extremity of the s ifiand of New
Zealand, near Cook llrait. The coun-
try here is not ib ftecp as at Duiky bay,
and the hills near the fi-afide arc in gene-
ral of an inferior height, but covered
uiih forells equally intricate and im-
penetrable. Lon. 174 14 (■:, lat. 41 6 s.

Queen County, a county of Ireland,
in the province of L«infter, 30 m long
and 29 broad ; bounded on the n by
King county, i- by Kildaie, sf by
Catherlough, s by Kilkeiiny. and u hy
Tipptrary and Kinj: county. It is di-
vidt'd into 50 parilhes, contains about
Ba.ooo inhabitants, and fei.ds three
miii.bcrs to parlijiment. It was for-
merly full of woods and bo^s, but is now

0 II R
cud) imptt>vcil III cultivation- M^iy-
borough II llii'CitpiUl.

Qui-tnberou^^fi, ;i borough in Kiiit, in
(hf illf of Nlu-piy, i;uvcrtu-il by a
in,iy»r, wiili 4 ni iikct on Moiiil.iy It
h.iif iincf a ftntiij; cilUo, tome rt-miint
ot uhicli are (WW lo be I'ccn. Tlic cluof
rniplitynriit ut the intiibitiiiiti in rilhin>,-,
ami oylik-r* are liue in great pkiiiy. It
lifcatcd neir the mouth ol ilu'Mcdw.iy,
r3 m Nvv C.aitiibury, and 45 > by *
Lijii>loii. L'in. • 49 t, lat. 51 i\ n.

Uuttnhoriiufht a town of H ('aiolina.
onihf w ftilf of the Great I'cJce river,
ji m NNw Oi'orgt'town.

Qui-rm/rri/, A boroiijth of Scol!.ini!i
in l.iniiitijowfiurct fe>ii' I on tho tiiih
ut Forth, where h it nut inorftlioi i
m wide. IIpi'c Ii a good harbour t'<ir
fiii.ill vtlT-N, a tradi' in lo.ip, and a
much tVcqutnt d ferry. It 11 9 in w
Ediiiburi^.

(.luemjladt, a tovvn of Lower Saxuny,
inttir* pniK'tpalliy of Il.iUicrd.iUti s ni

QiireHjlovjH, I lo^vnofUppcrCiiinda,
onthi- river Ni.i,;.ii.i, jiiri below the i ift
rapid, ilcrr all the incrchandil'** and
ftoitu received from Kui^lt mi for tlii-
upper part <»f the province are lent in
w.ii;»ns to Chippawa. a diflaiicc of 10
m, tlif' fall* and broken courfc of the-
rivtr londerinrf thf iiavixaiion irnpiavfli-
cable for that fpacc. T'lis pi icc wxa
taken by the Americans October 1,3.
i8u, nnd gcnt.'rul Urock was killed;
but it was retaken tho fane day, and
the Ainrricdn general with 900 troops
rnaJe prifonersi. It is 7 m above Fort
Niagara, and 20 k by & Fort Eric.

Qufich, a river of France, In the de-
partment of Mont Tonnerre, which
pafles by Anweilli'r and Landau, and
enters the Rhii •, near Germerflicim.

Quei-lhtg, a city of Lliina, capital of
the proviiicji of Qi«aiig-fi. It has its
lurre from a flower c;dlc'd <jufi, which
grows on a tree rticmbting a laurel, and
emits Aich a fwci t odour, th:it it per
fumes the u hole country. It U ii)ds on
a river that runs into the Ta, but with
fuch rapidity as not to be navigable.
It is 180 m K by w Canton, and 587 s
Peking. Lon 1*9 51 e, lat. 25 u n.

Quentin, St. a ttroiig town of France,
in the department of Aifne, with a con-
fiderable manufacflure of lawns and Citm-
brics. Near this place, in 1^57, Philip
II of Spain gained a fignul viilory over
the French, and afterward took the
town by ftorm. In memory of this, he
built the Efcurial. The town was rr-
llored to France in 1559. It is ieated
•i»»n cmin«ncc, by the river Sommc,

ti m • Cimbray, and ^j n by k I'iili.
Lon. J i\f 1:, Lit. 49 50 M.

Qiutitft % l.ilc ptoviiicc of FrancF,
boiiiidril iMi the N by Lim.tfui, k by
Uoutrgue tiid AuverKne, 1 by l.angtic.
di)0, and w l»y I'rri)(ord. ft In ffrlili
in corn, wine, and fruit. It \\<.tM l'>.<inii
thr dtpartmrnt of Lot.

Q'fptturo, A city of Sew Spiin, In
tlio provlnct* of Mexico, containing
)S>ooo itthibit uiti, and celcbiatfd for
the beauty of itit editiceii. an aiprcduc'l,
and clr)th mantifK'turei. It h 195 in
tiw Mi'xico. Lon. 103 11 w, Ut.
ao iR I*.

Qui-r/url, a town ol" Upper S.ixony,
in Ttiuiingia, 'capital of .1 pmicipility
of lite lame nami*, wiih a cilUe. It ii
fitnatoon the rivulet Wute, furroundcil
by a ditch, i\ m n\w Nautnoui^.
Lon. II so K. lit. 51 jj V.

Querimla, a tlu'ttr of I'mdl in.indl
on the co.ift of .Moraini)i(jue, fertile iit
frail and p-ifliin*. They .ire iiihal)ited
by the delcriidinfa ot l'o-fii^ii„-it;, and
fo named from thir princip.il one. Lon.

41 ^O >-•• i.lt. II 4.-) M

(iu:rquim, or Kerkeni, a group of
ill.iiid^, neir llic i. co.ill of Tuiii., twoof
tliym much larger tlian the otlur 1. The
priiicip.done ii 10 tn long and 5 broad;
and to tiic V of it, united by a bridge,
is y«-ita, vvlii-h isratht-r finaller. From
this group a bank extendj to Lainpe-
dofi, which abounds with fi(h. The
channel bet wei'ii the two largcH ii 15
m to the K of Sufa. Lon 10 50 e, lat.

M .14 N'-

U'trfnot/, a fortified town of France,
in the dopartment of Nord, with .in
old calUe. It was taken by the alliv.*!
in I71 1, and retaken the fame year. In
1793, it was taken by the Auftrians,
and retaken the next year. It is leatcd
in an extenfive plain, on the rivulet
Konclle, 9 m se Valenciennes, and ua
Ni'. Paris. Lon. 3 40 e, lit. 50 15 jr.

Quiberoti, a town of France, in the
dopartment of Moriiihan, with a fort,
fitnalc at the extremity of a poninfula,
to the N of IViieiflc. In 1795, ■' wa«
taken by fome French regiments in the
pay of Great Britain ; but owing to the
delertion and treachery of fome of the
foldierr?, the republicans loon took it by
fnrprife. It w.ts taken by the Hnglifh
in 1800, but evacuated foon afterward.
It ia 17 m ssE P(>rt Louis.

Quiciiro, or Quibo, an iflind in the
V icific ocean, near the coafl of Veragua,
in New Spain, about 20 m long and (
broad. It hns a port on the e fide,
wheie vcfllU may obtain wood and
water. Lon. 8 a 30 w, lat. ; ij n.

■|.. \\

'♦ ,i1

\h:>.

't

I

Qiri

QnUimamtf, a friinort of Zanfurltar,
In Ihc kingdom of Mrlinil.1 It (k-Ioiiki
In Ihr I'lirtiiKitrii-. in*i f).initt .it the
mouth nf.i tivrr ttf the fami- n^mr, a6
m aiw Mrtinti4. Lon. 41 40 k, Ia(. .1

Quilhtti, .1 town of rr.incc, lt> thnlf-
Bartmcnt uf Audr, 15 m s^w Carcnf*

wot'

Qullhhefuf, 1 town «»f rranrc, In thr
ilrnirtmrni of Purr, (r (li«| 011 Ihc
R^iiir, .^7 m w Rotinii 4nd 41 nw
£vrr;iux

Quii'/nta, A town of ChlU. f.ipitnl <»f .1 tioo ot thi" tli'ifoy of P.
provincf of tlie f.it.i' furtu. The pro- wlun it wi* m.uli* fiiKjiO
vincf I1 o '<• of the uvi.^ pcipiiloii*, an«l
thr rirhrfl in gold, In ,1.' Cftili ( md iti
hrmp .itul 'I'tii-y an* ini '•>• «ftirmi'd.
Thr town, (illj'd a!(o St. M.trtin, it
flttute III ,1 pf.»f;iii» viiilfv, on ih«' rivrr
Ai'onc.iKU I, 9t nr» wNw Sf.J^j,'o. Ixii.
71 11 tr, l,it. %% J 6 H.

Quil'iii, A r»'>t'<»itof Z.ini'itrh.ir, c.i-
pit.d of n kingdom of tht- (.iiyc n.im»*,
Dvirh A {in.dl <'itadtl Thini'Diintiy w.iit
firft dilcovi'i"! by the Vnriu^uvlf, in
I4cyfl; .ind it prcc'tu'r* nl)iin»!aiicr of
rice, niilirt, friiif, citfit, a"d poultry.
The inliahif.mts \rv Moli,imc<lanc, part-
ly bUck and partly t.iwny. The capital
ia Well built, and (Kiridi on an ifland,
near the mouth of the Coavo. Lon. 40
9 r, lit 8 \n H.

Qmtnper, a city of Fr.incr, capital of
thr dfp.irtmcnt of Finiftrri'", and a l>i-
(Iu)P'h (•'(' It id leatfd at the conflux of
the Oder and Benaudct, 34 ni smj l?ic(l,
and I la w by u Rcnncs. Lun. 4 6 w,
Int. 47 5I N.

i^uimpfrle, a town of Franc, in thr
Hepartmrnt of Finiftrrrf, leated on the
Ifotte. ,^o m F.sk Q'mper.

Quinri/, a town of MairachiifettH, in
Norfolk county, 10 m s by t Boftoii.

Quinjffi/t a town of France, in the
department of Doubrt, ftattd on the
Loure, izm sw Hefancon.

Q.tiirt-rionf' or Chinclti, a bay on the
coaft of Cochincliina, much frctpiciitid
by the vi-flils of the counvry, b«-ing an
excollfnt harbour. The eutraiict is
narrow, and Ihipa of bnrdfu can only
get in at high water. At the head of
the harb()ur is the city of Quin-nong.
Lon. 109 15 E, lat. 13 J 2 s.

Qttinjon, a town of Fiance, in the
depiitment of Lower Alps, aR m ssw
Dip' e.

Q"i»tirt, a town of France, in the de-
pni-rninii of Cfttes do Nord, feated in a
Ya'vy, 10 m .ssw St Brieuc.

Q.vir/>on, an ifland in the Atlantic
O'-'in, near the n coafl of Newfound-
Ix d. Lon. 25 %a Wf lat. 51 40 N.

Qirr

Qwi^/Zt, Itown of It.ity, in MJnti.vi,
famiMH for an action btlwrm ihf Friiuli
and Autiii.tns in 17J4, whrn m4rfhd
Hrr»Klio wat furprlfrd In hit hcd It ii
(rated on thr* 8rcri4, 15 m t». M.intui.

Quit/it ^ kingdom of H Amrrlr.i, in
thr viceroyally of New (Sran.«da, l^jn*
l>ctwtn two chainn tif thr Andet, un j
plain virvatcit 9170 feet ihovr ihr I**,}
of thr lir.i Itt w boticit.try it the P,i< 1.
flc octMii, on the coall of which ii rx.
tcndi from l.it a n 10 cipr HIuk.i m
lat s 45 *■ It ^'t* ti'idrr thr jurilil ,

" ru until i ;;i,,

I to till* VI., .

loyalty rfLihliih.d 41 St. Fr, th«' ,»
pit.tl of Ni'w Orjnada. The l.nul.
are generally w> II cultivated, ahoitik'
in rtery kind of vcKctable ptoilm
tioii, and fcfd 4 gi'*Mt number ui
cattif of all clafTcii. There .ire many
town* and villaitet inhabited by the >Sp.i.
niardsor native AmeiicatiKj and ftvrril
didrioti arc occnpieil almolt entirely b)
Indi.tnt. I'!v«ry village \% adorned wl^h
a large Aiuare , and .-» church on one luifl
of It. The flretti are gciHTally Araiphr,
and in the direction or the fiiur c.irdin !
point* ; aiivl all th«* roadu are laid out in
a lini*, crofling each other, that the 4N
pet^t of the country hat the appearanor
ot a iarfre g'irdcn .Although chiHcriiin*
try is (itunie 011 both nd<*8 the e(^iiator,
yet it li(s Ii) high, and fn tuar the
mountains covered with fnow, that the
air it very tcmpcrat**. 'I'lure are no
noxiuui animals . for ihctigert, K'c. .ire
bflow in lh«* furi-fts. This it the only
province in Spanifh America that can be
called a miiiuifa^uring country. Hats,
cotton lluffs andcoarli' woollen cloths,
are ni.ulc here in fuch qiinntitirn, ai tu
furnifh a cnnlulcrabic article for export-
ation til other parts of Sp.uiilh Amciic.i.
Quito^ the capital of the kingdom 01
thf liame name, and a bifhop's fic. The
principal (quart* is large ; in one of its
fides iH the palace of the prefident of
thr royal audience, oppofite which it
the city-houfr, in the third is the cathe-
dral, in the fourth the bilhop's pal.ice,
.•md in the middle a beautiful fountain.
It bas (oTcral religious communities, and
two colleges, which are a kind of uni-
verfity; and all its edifices have a hand-
i<>me appearance. Having no mines in
its neighbourhood, it is chiefly famous
for manufatflures of cotton, wool, and
flax. In I7.?5» it w.is 1 wallowed up by
an earthquake, but (bon rebuilt. It ii
fituate at the fkirt of the volcanic moun-
tain Picbinche, on the river Machan«
gara, 400 m sw St. Fe< Lon. ^^ 8 vr,
lat. o 1 j s.

U AC

QuUiimtt, a pntvlncf in Ihr * p.irl of
tin- kiiii.;i|>mi of Ati>tiilt. It n lull ut'
moiiiituii*, .ind Uuliy cultivrftLtl, l)iit
ptutttii r» 4liuiui.ita'i' uf ht>iii7» m4X| mul
iilr. 'I'lii* iiih.ibi(.uiU .irr warltki* »<hil
h.tvf iiol liihriiiitrtl ttithc PorttitfUt'li*.

tf'iiJrtih u I'll. till of mi)itiit4iii^i III tlii-
kiii|r*luin or I'cat, cxtemUrtf too uw iioui
till ciclrrt of (iiit to tlir rivi'r Nui >i-.

Qu>fM, All liiLind cotiiitry of (luiiii.i,
lying K uf Siicir.k LcuiU'.

R

Ifatib, ii town .itul fiirtri'tA uf t.ow t
Hmi^'ary, camt.il nf Jivtrin, .itui .1 }>i.

vv.iik .in.iinU tlirTuikM. I iUtil at the
cot.lliix ol ilu' Ui.Ui and R.ihiiit/. itat
Ur from the D.iimiIm-, iX in -s* IVil
biir>!: I.ori. 17 4/; I., I.if. 47 ^11 V.

Iiiuii'\iiur, .1 t(M' II of lliiKlotilt.in, in
tilt' province of iVLilwa, 74 m nk t)i|.
s'lin, .ind 114 shw Agra. I.on. 76 56 k,
Lit. «4 : N.

Itiitizu, one ol' tlu' IlrbritlcH of Scot.
Iiiiil, bi'twrcn the maitiLnid of Roll-
Iliirc4nd tlicillc of Skyir. Itin la m long
.iiul 4 broad, riling with a gentle .ifc* iit
from the w fitU* lo a jjnat hciKht on
th(« K lidf, which in m-arly perpt-ndicu-
lir. It is famoiiti for milllione cjuarrica
and at ihc N v. vm\ llanda ( 'altic Uroichi.v,
which is a noted feamark. Lon. 6 o w,
lat. 57 ^i N.

lldhajlfinj, A town uf France, in the
ilcpaitiueiit of Tarn, dn the river 'Varni
18 ni Ni Toulunle.

Iluhat, a leaport of the kingdom of
Kfz, with a caftle, line molqui'S, and
haiulfoinc palac«;s. On its t. rule is a
walled town named Sheila, which con-
liins many Moorilh tombs, and is en-
tered only by Mohamtdani. Rabat has
a mannta«ilurc of cotton cloth, and
ilockii for (hip-building. It is feated at
the mouth of the Burigrig, oppolilo
Salee, 80 in w Fez. Lon- '> s6 w, l.it.

Uabctijk'nt, 1 town of Bol, mia, in the
circle of^Saaiz, on the river Ultava, ii
m wsw Rakonitz.

Itiicctft •"» town of Afi.itic TiuKcy, in
Diarbtk, at die conllnx of the Ikies
with the liiiphrates. Near it ar« tin;
»uin» of ()ld Racca, once a magnificent
city It is 140 m as-w Diaibckir. Lon.
39 4 t, lat. 3(1 5 N.

Rachore, a city of Hindooltan, in the
country of Golconda, capital of a dil-
•trift, ful.jca to the nizam of the Dec-

It A D
emit ll U lv«t«tl t»n tht* 4 lunk ul' ilic
Kiflni, fo ni ow llytlrabad Luti. 79
J i^, lit. 10 n N

Hailht II ImttH illund of ihc Archipr
l.iii;it, near tint «<f Nui.

lii>9Hini, 4 town of Piedmti'it, f«,atrd
in 4 |>Uii< . bvtwi en the rivir* Uraiu and
M4cra. lU m » bjr w Turin

HtiU.hfri, 4luwntif Upper Sixoiif.
in Milniit, near which i« a (mIIi, callen
AuiMiUu.'i hilh, ilikuvercd in 1717. It
Aandioii the RuUr, Km » nh IlnlHvn.

lln.l'i>,>i<it u ii>wi' of upper "^ax-'tiy,
ill Mifniai \\\V' a ollic. Ir it tdtltrated
for earth) n uarr, and k.Ued on tiM
R.tdci. 10 in N Dit'ldeii,

ilaJko/'tni, .1 t' wn of TuitMny, in
Si( uneit, letted on a itcep hUl, t6 ni »k
Sii-ntM.

HitilitK/tfiiir, sir KiiilunMur, a town of

tlindo tl )i,« ill the pi'tvinee of Ag'mere,

Hunitf.' on the I'uiUUri 175 m n Snrat,

lid 350 !<w AKiinerc. Luii 71 48 K,

Sat, n 5H N.

Uitdrtor, Stu't 'i horougb of W.ilen, in
R.id'ionliire, with .1 m irkct on 'I hurf-
diy. It ill noniiii'tlly ttie county town,
th'iugh .1 fmall pl.'ice, but it has an ex*
tfiiltve jtirildivflion. Two m mi'. uf it in
Old Radnor, faid tu havo been the Ms-
g*lh of Antnninui, but now merely a
village. New Ratlodr contained only
jbo inhabitantii in ibii. It i» icated
near the lource of tlir vSomeri'il, at the
foot ol" a hill, on whieh a caftlo formerly
Itonil, 24 m Nw lIer<-futd,.Miil iji^ wnw
London. Lon. 2 45 w, lat. r,i 10 n.

HadnQrjhirtt a county of Wale«,
Ixnindcd on the k by Shropfliire and
llerefuiillliire, n by .Montgomcrylhire,
NW by C.irdiganlhire, and sw and s by
lirecltnocluliire. It ia jo m long and a ;
broad, containing 2<;i,soo acres ; Ih di-
vided into lix hundredj, and ^t) parillici, .
hat) four market-towns; and f<-iuls two
members to parliament. The number of
inhabitants was 19,050 in 1801, and
30,900 in 181 1. Its principal riv» ni are
the Wye and Tcme, the form r dividing
it frou' Brccknocldhiri:, and the IkUwc
fiom •Shroplhirc. The ». and s parta
are tolerably level, .ind proflut'fivc of
corn- Tiie other put'' are nicie aid
mountainous; di.vottd chiefly to the
rearing of cattle .i' J llucp. 1 lie alTizes
are hi Id .it I'r fl'cign.

liadom, a lowii of Poland, in the pa-
latinate of Sandomir, ft ated on a river
that Hows to the Vilhila, 6o m nnw
Sandomii.

ILidornJl, a town of Poland, in tin:
p.ilatin.ite of Siradia, 5« m >k Siradia.

liadjiuds, a town ot Bavjria, in the

m

■t:^

fm

S ' '■■•f ■

RAJ

cUichy of Salzburg, vftr the foiirce of
th«' Ens, 35 m k^k Salzburg. Lori. 13
16 »-, laf. 47 18 N.

liafrivolo, a town of Italy, in Man-
tmn, ig m s .Vhniua.

Jiat^tand, a villapr in Moiimoiithdiirf,
t, m Nt Uilc. It is f;«moii8 for its callle,
wbcre Charles 1 p.ifl«*d much of hi8
time in a mapnificcnt ftyl«. Thiscaflle
WH8 tht* lad in Cromwell's time, which
rurrendcifd to general Fairfax.

Roj^vit, a town of PriifFian Lithuania,
with a very ancifnt iMilJr, in which is a
large royal maga;iine for provifion?, &c.
It is fitriatc on the Niemen, 56 m h.nk
Konigfl)(Tg. Lon. 21 30 e, lat. 55
.10 N. *

/iaijoo>jurf a town of Hindooftan, in
the province of Malwa, 116 m ne Ou-
dein, and 256 s Dell\i. Lon. 77 30 e,
lat. 24 23 N.

Hafrufai a ^own of Sicily, in VaJ di
Noto, and county of Modica, with two
grand churches ami a noblt' college ;
iVated near the river Ragufa, 18 m WNW
Noto.

Rii(^ufa, a city and feaport of Dalma-
tia, capital of Ragufen, and an archbi-
shop's iee. It is 2 m in circuit, and
llrong by (iVuation, having an inaccefli-
ble mountain on the land fide, and a
ftrong fort on the gulf of Venice. It
lias a confiderable trade with the Turks,
particularly in hides and tallow, and is
50 m Nw Scutari. Lon. 18 30 e, lat.

4". 55 I*'

Ragujifty a territory of Dalmatia, ly-
ing along the coaft of the gulf of Venice,
about 60 111 long and ao broad. It was
a republic, under the protedliou o£the
Turks and Venetians; but now is an-
nexed to Italy. The foil is fo barren,
that the inhabitants receive thv; grcatcit
part of their necefTarics from the
neighbouring idands and Turkilh pro-
vinces. The Ragiifans profcfs the Ro-
man c.tholic religion; but the Greek,
Armenian, and Turkifli perfuafions arc
tolerated iov coiiveniency. Ragufa is
the capital-

Hajamurdri/y a town of Hindooftan,
capital of one of the Englifli Circars.
The principal riches conhft if, teak tim-
ber. It is leaied on the Godavery, 35
m from its mouth, and 170 sw Cicacole.
Lon. 8 J 57 E, lat. 17 o n.

Ttajaf>our, a town of Hindooftan, in
Concan, at the mouth of a river of the
fame nanae, 6 m N Geriah.

Rajemal, a town of Hindooftan, in
Bengal, formerly a place of great trade,
but now in a ruinous ftate. It is feated
oa the w bank of the Ganges, 61 m

It A M

N>Jw MooTlhedabad. Lon. 87 jo r,
lut 25 o N.

Rain, a fortified town of navarii,
feafed on the Acha, near the Lech and
the Danube, 12 m w Neuburg.

Rain, or Old Rain, a town of Scot-
land, in Abcrdctnftnre, near the rivci
Ury, 23 m Nw Aberdeen.

Rain Laic, a lake of N America, lying
E of Lake of the Woods, and w of Lake
Superior. It is nearly 100 m long, and
in no part more than 20 wide.

Rainford, a village in Lancaftiirc, 6 m
SF Ormikirk, noted for its manufa<Jlurc
of tobacco-pipes.

Raijln, a town in Lincolnfliire, with
a market on Thuifday, fituate near the
f'uirce of the Ancholm, i6 m ne Lin-
coln, and 147 N London.

Rakeljlurg, a town of Germany, in
Stiria, with a confiderable trade in wine
and iron. It u a frontier fortrefs to-
ward Hungary, and fituate on an ifland
in the river Muer, 36 m se Gr.itz. Lon.
15 58 E, lat. 46 45 N.

liakoniiZf a town of Bohemia, capital
of a circle of the lame name. Very good
beer is brewed here, and forms the prin-
cipal -'irticle of trade. It is (cated on
*.he Miza, 32 m w Prague. Lon. 149
E, lat. 50 5 N.

Raleghy the capital of N Carolina, in
Vl^'ake county. It was named after the
celebrated fir Walter Ralegh, unde;
whofe diredion the firft fettlementinN
Amer'ca was made at Roanoke ifiand.
Here is a large and handl'ome ftate-
houli?, and ff^veral other public build-
ings. The remotenefs from navigation
is its greateft diladvantage. It is 95 ra
wNw N'ewbern, the former capital, and
145 wsw Peterfburg in Virginia. Lon.
7a 52 w, lat. 35 40 N.

Rama, or Ramti/a, a town of Syria.
in Palcftine, with many fine ruins of
churches and other buildings, which
ftiow what it has been formeiiy- It in
20 m w by N Jerufalcm.

Ramada, a town of Terra Firma, in
the province of St. Martha, ico m a St.
Martha. Lon. 7220 w, Int. 1 1 10 N.

Rnmagiri, a town of Hindooftan, in
Myfore, feated on the w fide of the Ar-
kawati, with a hill-fort on the oppofite
bank, 50 m ne Serinr;apatam.

Ramanad, a town of Hindooftan, ii
Mazav, ,ir, 64 m se Madura, and 95s
by w Tanjore. Lon. 78 56 w, lat.
9 20 N.

Rambert, St. a town of France, in the
department of Ain, near the river Al-
ber'ne, a4 m sse JJourg en Brefle.

liambert, St, a towjn of France, intbc ,

lus ''nte. Here

• Ralegh, undev

R A i\r

[ilfpartment of Loin?, near the river
I Loire, i» m SK Montbrilbn.

lUmher'viller, a town of France, in the
Idcpjrtmcnt of Vofgrs, 30 m jE Nancy.

Ramhlut a town of Spain, in Anda-
llufia, 15 ms Cordova.

Hiimhouillft, a town of France, in the
Idepartment of Sfine and Oifc Here
jwinaroyal palace, which was dtmo-
llilhtd in 1793, by order of tlu^ national
Iconvetition. It is 17 m sw Paris.

Home llfad, a promontory on t!»c s

Icnait of Cornwall, the w point of the

entrance into Plymouth found. On its

putnmit is a church (a fcamark) belong-

[iicftothe village of Rame. Lon- 4 iz

IV, lat. 50 19 N.

Unmertji a lown of Fra.ice, in thedo
bartmcnt of Aube, on the river Aube,
|8 m N F. Troyes.

Rumilles, a town of the Netherlands,
InBrabint. memorable for a great vic-
Lry obtained by the duke of iMarlbo-
[oiigh, over the French, on Whitfun-
jvj, 1706. It is fcated at the fourcc of
IheGeete, 10 m n Namur, and 21 sr.
PmlTeis.

Ihmiferanii an itland in \\\r , • 1" of

ilanara, at the w end of Ad uns bi.. ge,
Ind ffparaftd from Marawar, on the
loiitiiient of Hindoodan, by a narrow
[hannel. It is 30 m in circuit; contains
Ve beautiful trees, a few villages, and

celebrated pagoda. Lon. 79 %i e,
^t 9 ig N.

R(im!a, a town of Syria, in Paleftine,
|ie ancient Arimathca, now in a ruin-

R AN

m N by E Douglas. Lon. 4 26 vv, Iat<
54 18 N.

Hamfey, a town '',1 Huntin^donfhirc,
with a m-irkct on Saturday. It had
formerly an extciifive abbey, but the
ruin of a gateway is all that remains. It
is It-atfd in the tens, near the mrres of
Ramfey and Wittlcfey, 12 m nk Hunt-
ingdon, and 69 N London.

Ramfey, an illaijd on the coafl of
Wales, it'paratej from Pcmbrokefhire
by a narrow channel, called Ramley
Sound. Near it is a group of danger-
ous rocks, known by the name of the
Bifhopand his Clerks, freqiifuted in the
breeding leafon by vult multitudes of
ft'afowls. The Mlind is 2 m long and
above a mile broad, and lies 4 m w by s
St. David- Lon. 5 so w, lat. 51 55 N.

llam/fr'atet a ieaport of Kent, in the
ifle of Thanet, near the Downs, with a
market on Wednefday and Saturday.
The harbour is nearly circular, and has
two fine (tone piers, a dry dock, and a
lightboufe. Ramfgate is a member of
the port of Sandwich, and much fre-
quented as a b.ithing.place. It is 17 ni
w by N Canterbury, and 7 2 ese London.
Lon. 1 24 K, lat. 51 ao n.

Uamteukt a town of Hindooftan, in
Berar, held facred to Ram, by the Hin-
doos, who have a temple liere. It i» irt
m NNE Nagpour.

Rana't, one of the Sandwich illands,
in the Pacific ocean, about 10 m w of
Mowec. The s part is high and crappy ;
but the other parts have a better afpett.

rap, which is fvint into all parts of
Igypt. It is 18 m Nvv Jerufalem.
\l\ammekens, a feaport of Holland, in
pe ille of Walcheren. It was oi.e of

-.te. Here is a manufadure of and are well inhabited. It produces

very few plantains and bread-fruit trees,
but abounds in yams, Iweet potatoes,
and taro. Lou. 156 51 w, lat. 30 48 n.
Rancagua, or 'J nana, the capital of
lie towns put into the h.inds of the theprovinceofRancagua, in Chili. Tha
liiglifh, as a fecurity for a loan in the country is fertile in grain and fruit, and
lign of queen Elil'abeth. It is 4 m s Includes three lakes, from one of whiclx
piddleburg. large quantities of fait are obtained.

\RammeJier;^t a lofty and extenfive The town is feated on the n fide of the
jountain of Germany, in that part of Cachapoal, 60 m s St. Jago. Lon. 71 6
JeHartz foreft which lies within the w, lat. 34 19 s.

Randa) flown, a borough of Ireland,
in the county of Antrim, with a trade
in linen ; feated on the Maine, 5 m vvnw
Antrim.

Randazzo, a town of Sicily, in Val di
Demona, 42 m sw Melfina.

Randeradt, a town of France, in the
department of Roer, lately of Germany,
[fr, and many Roman antiquities ha\e in the duchy of Juliers ; feated on the
hi found in the neighbourffood. river Worm, vo m nw Juliers.

Ramfey, a town of the ifle of Man, Randers, 'i town of Denmark, in N
pate on a bay, on the ne coaft. The Jutland, near the mouth of the GudC;r
yaffordsgood anchorage, but the har- 25 m e Wiburg.

lir will only admit fmall velTels, and Rangamatty, a town of Hindooftan,
fhc entrance U a lighthoufe. It is 15 capital of a circar in Bengal, It has a

[iiicipality of Grubenhagen. On this
loiintain are feveral filver mines ; and
Ithe foot of it is the city of Goflar.
\Rumpaur, a town of Hindooftan, in

llii, 32 m 8 Coflipour, and 105 e

Hlii.

^amjbury, a village in Wiltfliire, 6 m
IMadborough. It is noted for fine

In

RAP

celebrated pagoJa, .iiul n.inds near the
Biirrampooter, on tliccori(iii«'s of Afl'tm
.-ind Boofnn, ly* m nk .Moor(h«.'il;ibad-
Uon. 90 fl E, lat. 26 10 N.

Mangonn, a ic.iport of IVgii, and th"
principal m.ut for teak timber, in thi'
iiirman ••mpiic. It was foinulcd by the
ki..g of Birinah, in 1755 ; and is the re-
fidciicf of a governor, who lives within
the fort. Hen' is a cuftoni-boiifc, built
of brick, bnt the wharfs and dwelliiig-
houfc» art; all conllruded oi' wood. In
the ne.ghbourhood are numerous con-
vents ; and 2 m n of the town, on a
rocky eminence, is a very grand temple.
Itangoon is fcated on the moft eaftern
branch of the Irr.-.waddy (which hence
to the lea is called the Rangoon or
Syrian! river) i3 m n of its mouth, and
60 s Pegu. Lon 96 10 e, lat."|<|j48 n.

Ranis, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Mifnia, with a callie on a mountain, 10
m sw Newftadt.

Rannoch, Loch, a lake of Scotland, in
the N part of Pcrlhfhire, ii m long and
a mile broad. It receives the waters of
Loch Ericht fron^ the n, and commu-
nicates with Loch 'I'umel on the k, and-
Loch Lidoch on the w. Its s fide is
covered with birch, pine, and fir.

Rantnmpour, a town and fortrefs of
Hindooftan, capital of a circar in the
country of Agimere. It is 96 m e Agi-
mere, and 105 wsw Agra. Lon. 76 57
E, lat. a 6 ^s N-

Rantzoiu, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Ilolftein, 24 m n by w
Lubec.

Raelfonda, a town of Ilindooflran, in
Vifiapour, ne.ir which is a rich diamond
mine. It is 20 m nnw Sollapour.

Raon PEfapey a town of France, in
the department of Meurto, fcated at the
conflux of the Etape and Meurte, 30 m
EE Nancy,

Rapallo, a town of the territory of
Genoa, on a bay of the fame name, 16
m ESE Genoa.

Raphoe, a town of Ireland, in the
•county of Donegal, and a bifhop's fee.
The cathedral fervesas a parifli church ;
and here is a freefchool founded by
Charles i. It is 6 m nw Lifford, and
la w Londonderry.

Rapollai a town of Naples, in Bafili-
cata, 5 m w Venofa.

Rtippahannoc, a river of Virginia,
which rifes in the mountains, called the
Blue Ridge, and flows by Falmouth,
Fredericlburg, Portroyal, Leeds, Tap-
pahannoc,andUrbanna> into Chefapcak
bay.

jRapper/c/i<wei/i a iov/n of Swiflerland,
m the tanton of Zurich, feated on a

11 A r

neck of l.md lliat advajicc^s into tliel.il^c
of Zurich, over which is a woodtnl
bridge, 1850 feet long. It is 18 m st:|
Zurich, and 20 nw Glaris.

Riipj'i, a town of Auftria, on the river]
Tcya, 8 m N by w Horn.

ttaritan, a rivf r of New Jorft^y, whid. I
ruuM by Biiinl'wick and Amboy intJ
Arthur Kuil found, and helps lu foinj
the fine harbour of Amboy.

Rafchid', fee Rojettn-

Rn/cia, the caft«'rn divifion of Sclivn
nia, watered by the river Rafca, whichl
runs into the Morave. The inhabitaiitjl
are called Rafcians.

Rafeborg, a Icaport of Sweden, cap. I
tal of a canton in Nyland. It is (taifdl
on the gulf of Finland, 37 n; yp. AboJ
Lon. 23 18 E, lat. 60 16 N.

Rajpenburg, a town of Upper S.ixonyJ
in Thuringia, near which are fornemi'.
dicinal fprings, and the ruins of the oni;.
celebrated caftle of Rafleburp. I; i;
■fituate on the river Lolfa, on the ricigj
of mountains called Fiiine, 15 m nne|
Weimar.

Rajiadtt a town of Suabia, in tliel
margravatc of Bailen, with a noble cafJ
tie. In 1714, ." treaty was concludtdf
here between the French and AuftrianiJ
and in 1796, the former defeated tw
latter near this place. It is feated on tha
Merg, near the Rhine, 5 m ne Bade»J
and 24 sw Philipfburg.

Rajlenburg, a fortified town ofl
Pruflia, with a caftle, 46 m se Konigf.|
berg.

Rajlof, a town of Ruflia, capital ofJ
province, in the government of Voroj
net/., with an extenfive fortrefs. Tfef
governor, both a Afoph and Taganrofj
refides here ; and at this place the ba
from Von^netz are unloaded, and
goods embarked on larger vclTels fol
Taganrog. It is feated on the Don, j- j
m ssE Voronctz. Lon. 42 37 e, lat.4|
a N.

Ratenau, a town of j -randenbiirg, ill
the Middle mark, feated on theHavdJ
15 m N by w Brandenburg.

Rathcoolcy a town of Ireland, inii;J
county of Dublin, 10 m sw DuL'in.

Rathcormucki a borough of Irel ^nilj
in the county of Cork, on the ivej
Bride, 15 m nne Cork.

Ratlidowny, a town of Ireland, il
Queen county, 17 m sw MaryborouiiliJ

Rathdrum, a town of Ireland, in tt|
county of Wicklow, with a trade i
flannels; fituate on the Ovoca, 11 mil
Wicklow, and 32 s Dublin. ,j

Rathfriland, a town of IrelandJ
the county of Down, 10 m ne Neit"

Rathkeale, a tovirn of Ireland, mtij

U A T

Icoii.'ity of Limerick, on tho river Dccl,
iij m !>w Limc'iicl:.

Halihor, a town of lSiI»fi:i, capital of

I a principality of tlu: fami.' n.ime, witii

,1 LaiHe Thf catln'clral and lownhoufc

Nk; uurthy of notice. It is fcattd on

thi' (Wrr, in a country fertile in corn

and fruit, 15 m Nt Troppau, and 85

\iii Urcflau. Lon. 18 13 >-i lat 50 i n.

Uatiniferti a town of W'flplialia, in

thcilucliy of Herg, 6 ir» ni Duflirldorf.

llatijhon, or Itagenjburji, a ftrong city

I of Bavaria (lately irnpi-riai, and an cpii-

copal fee) capital of tiie principality

of Uatifbon, anil the lt;c "f an arclv-

bilhop, transferred from Mcntz to this

place in 1798- Tiie ai)Uy of St. l^m-

ineran e»)niains the relics of St. Denyg,

a valuable library, and a fine colledion

ofn!athematicalinflr'nnent8. Thrtown-

lioufc 's magnificent, and in ilb liall tin*

gentrp'. diets ofthetmpire uii'd to meet.

[The uihabitants, in ^'cneral, are pro-

Wbnts, and about 24,090. K:Uilbon

has a great trade in lalt, for whiui it is

a depot, and lisnds Urge quantities of

corn and wood to Vienna. It lias an an-

Icitnt bridge of 15 arches over ihr Pa-

mibe, and ftands on tht- s fide ot that

river, at the influx of the Regtn. 62 m n

byt Munich, and 195 w by n Vienna.

lion. 12 6 K, lat. 48 58 N.

liatmanj'dorf, a town of Germany,
I in Carniola, with a cattle, 20 m s by w
I Clagenfurt.

Rato.:th, a borough of Ireland, in
[Meath, i^ m nw Dublin.

Ratolfzel/, a ftrong town of Suabia,
I on tliat part of the lake of Conftance
I called Zeller See, 1 2 m nw Conftance.

Ixatjha, or Ratzka, a town and for-
Itrefs of Sclavonia, on the n fide < l" the
Savf!, oppofite the influx of the Drin,
Isomsvv Peterwardein.
Rattan ; fee Iluatan.
Rttttenbcrg, a foitified town of Ger-
I many, in Tyrol, with a citadel. In the
vicinity are copper mines, which alfo
jyitiii fome filvcr. It is fituate on the
linn. i6 m KNf. InCpruck, and 44 sw
Salzburg

Hatzeburi^, a fortified town of Lower
1 Saxony, capital of a principality of the
lime name, lubjeit to the duke of
|Mecklenbuig-Streiit'/,. The town i.s
iVated on an ifiund, in the midft of a
lake 30 m in circuit. The buildings
aiv of brick, and almolt every houfe is
iliaded with a tree. From the lake of
Ratzcburg ifTues the river Waknitz,
which joins the Trave near Lubec.
Ratzeburg is noted for excellent beer.
It is 14 m s by E Lubec, and 2a & Lauen-
Iburg. Lon. 10 5»"e, Utt. 53 4^ n-

R A U

Uaudnitz, a town and cattle of Bohe-
mia, ill the circle; of Itaconilz, IcJtcd on
the Elbe, 20 m n Prague.

llavelloy A town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato Citra, 10 m w S.ilcrno, and 45 SE
Naples.

liaveiigtafsi a feaport in Cumber-
land, with a market on Saturday. It
ttands on an inlet of tht; liiflj lea, be-
tween the Mite and Elk, which, with
the Irt, runs into this inlet, and forms a
good harbour ; but the adjacent coun-
try furiiifliing httle for exportation, the
chief trade is in oyfterd. Two ni from
the town, on the a fide of the Elk, are
ruins of 3 m in circunvference, called the
fiiy of Barnfcaif, of which no hittorical
ducnments appear to cxilf. Ravenglafs
i.-i 16 m ssE Whitehaven, and 297 nnw
London. Lon. 3 30 w, lat. 54 ai N.

lUrjenia, a city of Italy, capital of
RoniagiKi, and an archbilhop's lee, with
icvera' eolieges, a great nimber of reli-
gious houfos, and a ruinous citadel. It
Lad a celebrated harbour, but the fea
ha^ ;.^r.idually withdrawn 4 m from the
town. It is now chiefiy noted for the
excellent wmt produced in its n«igh-
bourliood. Theodoric, king of the
Goths, refided here, and afterward the
exarchs ot the Greek emperors. The
mauiblcum of Theodoric is Itill to be
feen, and is covered by a fingic Itone, ^%
feet in diameter, and 15 ttnck. Raven-
na is feated on the Mantone, 37 m sr.
Ferrara, and 16.-, n Rome. Lon. la 5

E, Lit. 44 25 N,

Ravenjltrg, a town of Weftphalia,
capital of a county of its name. The
cattle of the ancient counts is feated on
a mountain. It is 15 m ene Munfter,
and 36 svv Miiiden

lia%'i>ijvurg, a town of Suabia, lately
a free town. It has aeon liderable trade,
particularly in paper, and is feated ou
the Cheufsj 18 m n Liiidau.

Jianjejidn, a town (;f Dutch Brabant,
capital of a county of the fame name,
with a cattle; feated on the Meule, 8 m
■wsw Nimeguen.

JiavitZy a town of Poland, in the pa-
latinate of I'ofnania, with a confiderable
manuladure of clotii, 24 m s Pofen.

Raumo, a town of Sweden, in Fin-
1 tnd, near the gulf of Bothnia, 20 ra s
Biurrehurg, and 55 n by w Abo.

Raujchenberg, a town of Germany,
in Upper IJ .-(Fe, 7 m N N e Mai burg, and
33 ssw Caflcl.

Raunjee, a river of Hindooftan, one of
the five E branches of the Indus. It
rilt*3 in Laiiore, on the borders A Tibet,
flows by the city of Lahore to To>
lomba, in Moultan, a-'id *S :n br't'-v

I;.

RE A

joinn thf Chunaiib. The RauTce is the

i

n

*t:i ■■

!' f\

I.U:M

V. ED

Pehiieh, a town of Eiiropcpn Tr ^ ' r y,

Hydraotf s of Alfxnniler. > in Wabchii, and a bil'ii ps Ito, d, lerf

Rawd, a town of Poland, capit.il of on tlu; AUit.i, 45 m £w '1 arj^owilcc,

a palaiinate of *> c iame name, with a
ftrotip raft'e. It ■' f«aled in a mouiii,
and .i!moft lurrutwuiccl by the river
t'lWA, 55 .n SM V^''a»faw. Lon. 19 55 k,

lat 5« 5' ><•

Baynham, a towti of Mafiachulctfl,
in Brjftol county, with manuladturcs of
iron. The vicinity abounds in ore, ;ind
the firft foi<^e in America was i"«:t up
here by J.unos and Henry Leonard, na-
tives of tngia'id, in 16,5 a, and is llill in
employ by thi- family of the Leonards.
It isfiMted near the river Taunton, ^ m
•NNK Taunton, and 31s Bofton.

Hay pour, a town of Hindnoftan, in
Orifla, near the river Mahanada, 60 m
s Ruttunpour, and So w Sumbulpour.

Tit, an i|].md of France, 16 m long

Heccan ; I'cc Aracan,
Beccanatiy a town of Italy, irj tl •
marqiiiiiite of Anct-na ft has a tVir m
September, whici\ tontirucg 15 uavo,
and lt?.nd» on a moii itjiln, ne.iv ti.c
river Munforif-, 14 m s Ancona-

Ifeciem, a town of the Ntthcrland',
in the territory of Liege, leated nearili»?
Meufe. c,\n n MaeRiicht.

itfck/ini^hauferiy a town of Germing,
in the circle ot Lower Rhine, cipital of
a county of the fame name, with a
ftrong citadel. It is ftated on tho
Lippe, :;o m ssw Munftcr. Lon. 7 ^g
E, laL 51 38 N.

lieculvery a village in Kent, at the
mouth of a Imall branch of the Stoui,
S m NK Canterbury. It is the Kegil.
and 4 broad, liparated from the coalt bium of the Romans ; and its aneitnt
of Lower C'hrrente by the ftrait of church hai two Ijii :<s, which are callul
RrctOTi, about 7 m wide. The pro- by manners the Two Sillers.
duiSts are bitter win-^, ialt, brandy, and Bed Head, a cape of Scotland, in For-
the liquor called anifccd. St. Martin id farlhire, the s point of Lunan bay. lint
the capital. is the ruin of a caflle, almoft fuiiOund-

Reading, a borough and the capital rd by the fca.
of Bcrkihire, governed by a mayor, Bed Lake, a lake of N Amerio.-', ly.
with a market on Saturday. It has iiig s of Lake of the Woods. Iti-t.Mjw
three churches, and leveral meeting- long and 15 broad, and on the t lidc
houfes. The principal manufaflnres receives feveral fmall rivers. The out-
arc canvas, blanke*", ribands, and pi«8; let is at the se extremity, in iat, 47 :o,
and great quantities of malt, flour, and and called Red Lake River, which flows
timber are fent hence to London. Here into the Mifliffippi a litlic above St.
are the ruins of a rich abbey, in which Anthony Falla.
Henry 1 was intcntd. The number i?f// J^/irr, a large river of LotiifiMa,
of inhabitants was 974a in 1801, and which riles among the monniains on
10,788 in rSit. It is feated on the Ken- the w border of New Mexico, about
net, near its conflu: with the Thames,
26 m 3SE Oxford, .ind 37 w London.
Lon. o 52 w, lat. 51 i8 n.

Blading, a town oi Pennfylvania, ca-
pital of Bi;rks county, with four edifices
/or public worfliip, and a large one for
the public offices. Near it are leveral
fulling-mills and iron-works. In i795» country of Arabia, and isaoobroadi
th.e county voted i2,oocl. for building the wic'eft part. It is feparated fioir.
a bridge here orer the Schuylkill, on the Mediterranean lea on the n, by the
which the town is feated, 54 m nw Phi- ifthmus of Suez, and communicattson
Jadelphia. Lon. 76 10 w, lat. 40 22 n. the s, by the ftrait of Babelmandel,

Bealego, a feaport of New Spain, in with the Indian ocean,
the province of Nicaragua, with three Bedhridge, a village in Hampfliire,at
chuiches. The chief trade is in pitch, the mjuth of I'^c Telt, 3 m w Soiiih-
tar, and cordage. It is fit uate among ampton- It has a confiderable tradeia
fwijraps, ca a river of the lame name, coal, timber, corn, &c. and Ihip-build-
rear its ,;iotith, 30 m wnw Leon^ to ing is alfo carried on. The Amiover
which it ferves as a harbour. Lon. 87
44 \v, !nt. 12 42 N.

Pi-ahnoHt, 'I town of France, in the
icrr. MVient oi'Tarn, ti ms bytAlby.

HtiiimlU, a town <j\ France, in the and is feated on the Vilaine, 20 m '
ri.pattmt'nt of Lot, 8 -i he Montau- Vannes, and3 2 ssw Renucs. Lot). 2 »
itan, and xo s Caiiors. w, lat. 37 48 n.

,-^00 a: s of the lource of the Arkanti,
?!■• '^•')ws nearly parallel with that
lii'ci, in a very meandering courfe, to|
the i-'jiflillippi, which it enters in

31 '5 N-

Btd Sea, a fea that extends 130D m
from N to s, between Africa and the

canal terminates at this place-

Bedoii, a town of France, in the de-l
partment of Ille and Vilaine. It kmn
as a mart for the commerce of Retired

in Kent, at [hi
ich of the Stoui,

It is tlic Ucptl.
and its antitiit

which are callul

REG

fifjjndfla, •» nwij of Spain, in Ga-
licia, v.'iin .i 'Vmhp nifl.ie, feati'd uii
Vij:o i)ay, 8 m . njo.

Ilc/iandc, .. ion'ii ot I'ortURsI, in Beira,
with a ciiti'.', feiitcd on tiie river Soure,
p m s Coiiiihra.

lltdondoyi tDvvn of Portugal, in Alcn-
tej(<, at tiic foot of .i mountain, 33 m bw
Elvas.

Itfdnith, a town in Cornwall, with a
market on Tncfdsy and Friday ; fi-atcd
ill the heart of iho mining country, ii
m N by E Hciftonc, and 163 w by s
London.

Redjlonty a town of PennCylvanIa, in
Alleguny county, GtiiJite on the Mo-
nongalia. Large boats called Kentucky
boats are built here, and it has a rope-
walk, and a mannfadturc of paper. It
is 30 m s by k Pittfburg.

Ilees, a town of Wtftpliaiia, in the
rfuchy of C'levc, fcated on the Ithine,
10 ni N*v Wcfel.

Uees, or /?£■«/, a town of France, in
the department of Rhine and Mofelle,
lately of Germany, in the eledorato of
Treves. Hard by it, on the Rhine,
is the Konigftuhl, or Thronus Regalis,
» remarkable piece of antiquity; con-
fiding of a round vault, 8j feet in cir-
cuit, built of frecftone, and refting on
nine pillars, one of which ftands in the
middle. The vault has two (tout doors,
the afccnt to which is by 28 ftcps; and
it is furniHifd with feveo feats, agreeable
to the number of electors at that time :
nnd on this regal chair the e lectors of
Germany formerly ,held conful rations
relative io the weighty matters of
the empire. Rees is Ii?ated near the
Rhine, 5 m s by e Coblentz.

Reetz, a town of Brandenburg, in
the New mark, on the river Ihna and
frontiers of I^onierania, 18 m ese New
StargHrd.

Regetiy a town of Bavaria, on a river
of the lame name, iz m nne Decken-
(lorf, and 40 e Hatifbon.

liegenjbergy a town of SwilTerland,
in the canton of Zurich, capital of a
bailivvic of the fame name, with aftrong
caftle. It is featcd on a rock, called the
Lagerberg, 10 m nw Zurich.

Regenji/uri^ l fee Ratijbon.

Ecg£)ij}aiify a town of Bavaria, in the
principality of Neuburg, on the river
Rpgen, 8 m N by E Ratilbon.

Regenjiehi, a town of Lower Saxony,
•> the principality of Halberftadt, 6ms
Halberftadt.

Rege.favahie, i. luww of Farther Po-
m.'rania, with a v-flle, c \ t6. on the
Rega, 14 m ese C« ;: •

Roggi^} 'I feaport or Naples, in Cala-

REI

^-laT^ilr-.andanarchbiftiop's (ee. The
cnurcnea, convents, and many houfcs,
are built of flones frvjm ancient edifices,
and numerous infcriptions are to be
met with on the walls of ♦hem Tijr
environ J proilnce the b< It Hk in Ca-
'ibria; and on tlie coait is found a
Ipecifi of nnilclc that yields ;\ kind of
wool, of which gloves and llockings are
made, llejjgio was nearly dcftroytd by
an earthquake in 17^^ it is fcated on
the ftrait of Meirina, la m usk MefFina,
and 95 s by w Cofenza. Lon. 16 o e,
lat. 38 4 N.

I{eg\'io, a city of Italy, capital of a
duchy of the fame name, included in
that of Modena, and a bifliop a fee,
with a ftron^ citadel. In the cithedral
are puintingi by the greateft mailers ;
and in the fquare is the ftntuc of i^ren-
nus, chief of the Gauls. The principal
trade is in (ilk. It was taken by prince
Eugene in 1706, and by the king of Sa*--
dinia in 174a. in 1796, the inhabit-
ants were the firft Italians that re-
nounced allegiance to their fovcreign,
and folicitcd the protetStion of the
French. Reggio is the birtlipbce of
the poet Ariofto. It is featcd in a fer-
tile country, on the river TefTone, 15
m Nw Modena, and 80 se Milan. L»ii.
II 1; K, lat. 44 43 s.

Heghebil,A\.ovin of Negroland, in the
country of Wangara, fituate on a lake
at the influx of a branch of the Niger,
240 m F. by s Ghanara. Lon. 19 10 b,
lat. 13 20 N.

lifgina, a town of Naples, in Cala-
bria Citra, 14 m N Cofcnza.

Regis, Ht. a town of Lower Canada,
on the boundary line that feparates Ca-
nada from the United States, and on
a river of its name, at its junftion with
the St. Lawrence, 50 m sw Montreal.
Lon. 74 10 w, lat. 45 o n.

Regnano, a town of Italy, in the pa-
trimony of St. Peter, feated near the
Tiber, 17 m N Rome-

Reichenauy an ifland of Suabia, in the
Zeller fee, or lower lake of Conllance,
3 m long and one broad. It abounds
with viriCS and other fruit-trees, and
lately had a rich abbey, of which the
bifh'jp of Conllance was abbot. It is 4
m w Conltancc.

Reichenauy a town of SwifTerland, in
the canten of Grifons, lisated in a fertile
valley, at the conflux of thetwo branches
that form the Rhine, 7 m swCoire-

Reiclienbach, a town of ^ilefia, in the
principality ot Schweidnitz. with con-
fiderable manufa<?.uies of linen, canvas,
and fuftjan ; feated on the rivulet Peilj
10 m SB Schweidnitz.

■*• «il

r

i!

■1

i

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mw

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ju-;.

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Hh|k^.^1/Ii

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QBjK' f"' i

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Bip:i%l

n FM

VtUhenbacli, a town of [Jppet Sax-
ony, in'Voij-il.Tnd. The iiiJi;ihit.intn .ire
priticip-illy cluthiers, .iiul iiotrd for f In ir
nuthnd of <!yiiig fciitlit. It is jo in
ssw ZurickMu.

IteicliciilH'rir, a town and c illlf of Ger-
many, in tlic circU' of U[)]Jtr UMini',
and county i;f Cat/.ciicHei bogrn, leatcd
on a moiiiitain near thf Hliiiic, 5 ni t
Rhfinff'ls.

lieiehenher'::^, a town of Biihorr.ia, in
tlic circle of Riitilzlaii, with a prtvit
iiiamifadtuie of cloth, a8 m n Jung
Bunt/lnu

Rfichenfchf a \n\\ n of Germany, in
C.uintl'ii, :.^n\ M. •. Iiirenfurt.

Udchctiluill, a iinsn H" Hnvaiia, with
a rich fait (jsring. Some i ilt is made
here ; but for want nf fuel, moll: of tlur
t;dt water is carried a dillance of 14
in, bv engines ;!>u'. pipet), ovi v the hills
to 'i'laiinittin. It is fenttd on the o.ila,
9 m sw Salyhurp.

HcichJ>'nfiit, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Rhine, with a caf-
tlc. 9 m N Hjij^uenau.

litiJJ't rfcheid. a town of Trance, in the
depirtinrnt of Sane, lafi ly of Germa-
ny, and cr.piial of a county in the duchy
of Juliers. It is feated on ihc E flel, _;o
m ^!<w Cologne, and 52 n by w TrevcR.

Hein^ a town of Gernviny, in Stiria,
on the rivrr Save, 25 m ssi- Cilly-

neititr,a. town of Siltiii, in the coun-
ty ot Giatz, wi'h a mneral Ipiing, and
mafiufaClures of « loth as d paper, 11 m
w Gl itz.

lieijl-nberg, a town of Pruflii, in the
provMicr of Obcrland, fornutly the le-
ildence of the bifhops of Ponitiania.
JNear it is an ancient Cillli-. It is 78
m bw Kcnigfbtig. Lrn. 20 5 ic, lat.

Jiswber^nller, a town of France, m
the department, of Vofgcs, 17 ni nne
Epinal.

Jtemich, a tou t of the Netlierlands,
in Luxemburg, feated on the Mciellc,
so m SE I lix. !nl)urri

liemire:/}/.*, a town of France, in tlie
department ot VoT^cs, fcited oii the
Mofelle, at t!iu foot of the V'oiges, 1 1 m
SSK Epinal.

lidMo, St. a tonn fift." tcrritow f)f
Genoa, fituatc in a fruitful valley, 'JvAh
a good harbour, in the Meditcrr^.iiean,
7 m E b"* N Vintini:Tlia, and 1/ wnvv
OnegHa.

Bev i, St. n town of Fr:mcc, in the
department of Mouths of the Rhone.
A triumphai arch, and a maufoleum in
the neighbpurhood, difplay the talte of
the Auguftan age: the firft is not en-
tire ; but the I'ccond is in the bell li itc

I? K N
of prcfcrvation. St. Ucmy \» 10 ni Nr.

Alli'8.

Iif>i(/ji urir, a fortifii'd town of Lower
S.ixotiy, in the duchy of llolllcin, (ni
th(' frontiers of Mefvvick, and on td^
rlrer Eyder. It in compoied of linvi;
parts, the Old 'I'own, the iiklcuf knit,
and the New 'I'own ; the form< r of
which it.uul.. on an id ind formed by tlir
river. The principal inanufaCilure.s ;n(
porcelain, eaithen ware, and gold .md
lilvcr laci", and thf tr.ide in tiinher, 1,/
memn of the liydei canal, iii conlidem
ble. It i;i 15 in w Kit;!, and 16 ■■^i
Sli fwick. Lon. 9 53 h, lat. 54 20 N.

ltr>ifn'-,L>, a liorouj;h of Scuiland, and
the county-town of itenfrcwihire. Tiu'
principal branch of trade is the thriml,
but many loonia are employed in thu
lilk and nuillin mannfadure'i. Rohfrt
II li.id a palace here, of which nothiii;'
remains but the exterior ditch. 'J'he
number of inhabitants was 2«/,i in 1801,
ami 2;,(;5 in ihii. It is feated near tlic
t lyde, to which there is a canal, 11 m
u by N Gialgow, and 13 k by s Qrec-
nock Lon. 4 26 w, Int. 55 54 n.

UiiifnrMjbirey a county of Scotl.iin!,
2!i m long and i 2 liroad ; boimdod (iii
th(! wand n by the frith of Clyde, k by
Laneikfliirc, and s by Ayrfliire. It is
divided into 17 pariflies, and ftiuis ,1
member to parliament. The number of
inhabitants was 78,056 in 1801, .iiul
92f59() HI 181 !• In the N pirt, tov/arj
the borders of the Clyde, the foil itiifr-
'.ile, but the s part is mouiitaim>iis .ind
r.ither barrcii. Helide the Clyde, it is
watered by the Gryfe, and the Whilr
and Black Cart. The largert; town i^
raifk-y.

litti't, a tov\'n of European Turkey,
in Hcffarbia, i(.\Tted on the Danube, jut
b"low the influx of the Pruih, ij^m
sw Bender. Lon. 27 40 e, lat. 45 .-5 s.

Jiennes, a city of France, capital of
the dcpirtment of llle and Vd one, and
a bifhop's fee- It contains eight parilii
churches, befide the catln dial, and Ic-
veral convents. The Itreets ar^' broad
and llraight ; but they were nariow
before the fire in 1720. which iallfd
feven d-iys, and confum(;d 850 houlis.
In fhe gn\it fquare is the Palace of
Juftice, and the Hotel de Ville. It is
icated on the Vilrinc. which dividtJ it
into two parts, 58 m n by v ^Vlltt>,
and 190 wsw Paris. Lon. i 42 w, lat.

487 N,

luns, or lienjh ; fee lires.

llentown, a village of Scotland, 4 ^^-
xw Dumbs ton. N;m'- it is one ol tnc
moft cor.fiderable priutfields in Scot-
Ian.' : i.'.l!) thf old manfiOM >t Da'-

cloths ; anil

my II ro ni Nr.

itlii ilral, and le-

K i: T

(liihi:rn, whore Dr. Smollett was born,
M\ii t'>^' lol^y ci>lurnii iTi'tftcil to his
iiK'tiiory, on the bank of th(.' Lcvi-n.

Itrnt!/, a town of Trance, in tlu*
(lep.trtiuctit of Par dc CalaiH, 611 the
livir Ail, 1} m bw Aire, and 50 nw
Arr.is.

lluU, a town of France, in the dc-
pirinifiit of Giroiule, fcatcd on the
Garonne, ao m su Uovn"d«'aux.

liepallle, a town of Savoy, \\\ Cha-
blaiii, famous lor the retreat of Anr\a-
ileiiJ, dul;*-' of Savf/y, in 1440, when lie
went to ciiioy the pleafures of a coun-
try life, ikre in a Carthufian moiiaf-
iriy, remiikable for its cxtenlivi: prof-
pcfts. Jt is featid on a river that Mows
to the lake of c'ieneva, io m nk Geneva.

Jlepi/uif/i, .1 town in Norfolk, with
a market on Saturday. It baa two
churches iu one chnrcliyaid, and is
I'eatcd in a valley, 15 m nvv Norwich,
and III NI-- I-ondon.

lie/'pen, a town of Brandenburg, in
the New mark, iituatc on the Lylang,
16 m sflfc Cuftrin.

Ittfiton, a village in Derhylliirc, 8 m
ssw Derby, celebrated as the burial-
place of fome of ihe Saxon kiii>,'3 of
Mercia, and for feveral antiquilies.
Here is a noted freclehool, which ap-
pears to have been the refedory of a
priory.

Jie'qi/out, a town of Spain, in New
Callilc, with a caltlcand a manutaiitiire
ui (ilk;^. It was taken by the Enj^liih in
1706, and retaken by^ the French the
next year. It is leated in a fertile plain,
between the river Oliana and a ridge of
mouiit'Mns, on thi' bord-rs 01 Valencia,
64 m E3t Cuenza. Lon. i 9 w', lat.

39 44 N. _

l{e;/jt, a city of Pcrfia, capital ot
Ghilan. It has a conliderable trade,
particularly in lilk and eoarfe woollen
cloths ; and much rice grows in tlie
fnvirons. It is feated on a river, 6 m
from the Cafpian fea, and 00 n Calbin.
Lon. 49 40 c, lat. 17 zo N-

lieiolntion Ijland, an ifland in the
Alamic ocean, 50 m long arid :o broad,
on the M (ide of the entrance into liud-
fo!i llra'it. Lon. 65 o w, lat 61 40 n.

Ufjoluiion IJli, a Imall ifland in the
Pacific ocean, 160 le.ig ties i; of Otahdtc,
lb called from the ilup in wh:chCook
made his iecond voyage. Lon. 141 15
w, lat. 17 23 s.

/)V.v/, a ti)wn of France, in the de-
pTrtmenf of Ardennes, liifore the re-
volution, it was thecapital of a country
called the Retelois. It is fcatcd on a
lull, ntar the river AKiie, :6*m np.
Rheims. Lou. 4 ^4 k, lat. /jg ::; N.

R R U

Uetford, I'.djlf a borough in Nollln;?-
hainfhire, with a maiket on Satinday,
IVatcd on the Idle, .^o ir. n by E Not-
linuliam, and 141 n by w Loiu'.on.

lietliam, a town of Lowrr Saxony, in
th«; duchy of Zell, fealcd on the Aller,
35 m NNw Ilinover.

Jlftimo, a leapott of Can<lia, and a
bidiop's fee, with a citaib'l, wiicrc the
pacha re''idca. Its lilk, wool, honey,
wax, laudanum, antl oil, are preferred t(»
all others. It ir. leated on the h coalt
of theiflmd, 41 in w Catxlia. Lon. 24
.}8 E, lat. .^5 20 N.

littz, a town of the palatinate of Ba-
varia, on the river Schwarza, zi m kse
Amberg.

lirve/f a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upp>.'r Garonne, near the
grand balin of the Ca.ial Royal, 17 m
ai. Touloule.

lievcl, a government of Ilullia. Sec

EjJIlOllid.

Itevelf a feaport of Ruflia, capital
of the governm.ent of Mflhonia, and a
bidiop'ii fee. It ia furrounded by higb
wails and deep ditches, and defended
by a caftle and baltions. 'I'iie lioiifes
.".re well built, and have fine gardens.
Mere is a college, with four profi-llbrs ;
and in 173,:?, two churches were allowed
to the protertants. It has a ci nru'.rra-
ble trade, and two great fairn, in May
and September, frequented by l^irlidi
and l>ulch merchant.;. It luinili) on the
gulf of Finland, partly in a plain, .and
partly on a mountain, 160 m n by k
Riga, and 220 w by .s Pcterfburg. Lon.
24 17 t, lit- 59 18 N.

J{ti'fi/o, a town of Piedmont, feated
near tiie Po, on the top of a mountain
fortified by nature and art, 3 m nw
Salnz'/.o.

Jiz"z<i'ro, a town of Italy, in Mi)nf';riP,
leated on the Po, oppofite Olliglia, zo
m .SK Mantua.

RevUlat a town of New Sp.in, ia
New Leon, feated on the Uio dci Morte,
near the influx of the Sabinas, S5 m ne
Monterey.

Revin, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Ardennes, on the river
i^'eule, 6m E llocroy.

lii'itj, a town of Spain, in Catalonia,
with a conliderable trade in wine,
brandy, leather, and nuts, which are
conveyed hence to tiie port of Salo. It
is leated in the middle of a mod: I'ruitful
plain, 1 2 ni nw Tarragona.

Heufs, a river of Swillerlaiul, which
i flues horn the l,;ke of Locenuro, on
the NW of St. Gotiiard, flows through
the lake of Lucern ;jid the town of that
;»ame. and Joi'iH the A;;r, below Bruck-

^V^A

Itfuillngen, x town of Snabi.i» in llie
4uchy orWirte-nibcrR. fn the towii-
hoiifc iH prcirrvcii an ancient battrriitg
r.im; and in the vicinity arc many paper
;inil powder mills. It i« ItMtcd on ihc
Dchotz. nrarthc Ncckar, 17 m • Stut'
K'lrd.

Hrt/, a province uf Bratil, and the
nofl louthcrn one. It extcndti al>i)ve
(too m in length, between Ihi* Atlantic
ocean aud the mountaiiis of Paraqiiay,
but is only from 90 tn 120 in brradth.
In the s part is a Lkr, calird Mcrim,
160 m long and 50 l)road, lorfned by a
branch from that of St. I'ctlio. I'hc
principal places on this cxtenfivt* coal):
are the town of St- Pedro and the illand
of St. Catherine.

lietjest a city of Terra Firma, in the
pro 'nice of St. Martha ; fratcd in a fer-
tile valley, on the river Gnatopori, 7^
m 88E St. Martha. Luii. 73 ;o w, lat.
10 6 V.

lleivahy a town of Hindooftan, In the
province* of Allahabad, 57 m saw Alla-
habad. Lon.81 36 b,lat. 2431; N.

lie<wari, a town of Hindooilan, ca-
pital of acircar in the country of Delhi.
It is featcd on the Sadi, 5s m sw Delhi.
Lon. 76 52 h, lat. 28 13 N.

lifiamanie, a town and fort of Egypt,
on the w branch of the Nile, where the
canal of Alexandria enters that rivor.
It is 25 m above Roietta, and 58 ese
Alexandria.

Bhayadcr, a corporate town of Wales,
in Radnorihire, with a market on Wed-
iiefday. It is fituate on the Wye,
where there vas formerly a catara<f)^,
which is nov' deftroyed, and a neat
bridge eredted; and an eminence near it
is the file of an ancient caftle> of which
no ruins remain. In the vicinity arc
lead and copper mines. It is 19 m wNw
New Radnor and 178 London.

Rheda, a town of Weftphalia, in the
principality of Munfter, 10 m n Lip-
ftadt.

Jiheims, a city of France, in the de-
partmi-nt of Marne, and lately an arch-
bifhop's fee. The inhabitants are com-
puted to be 3o,coo. The principal
church, built before the year 406, is a
very beautiful ftru(5lure; and that of St.
Nicaife is remarkable for its fine archi-
tedure. Behind the high altar of the
church of St. Remy, the corpfe of that
archbilhop is prelervcd in a macnificrnt
ftirinc. The kings of France have been
fucceffively crowned at Kheims ; proba-
bly, btcaufe Clovis, the foundei of the
French monarchy, when converted from
paganifm, wat. baptif'ed in the cathedral
here, in tbe year 496. The remains of

R II 1:

an nmpliitheatir, a cafllr, and 4 tri.
umphal arch, are anioni; the anciint
motuimcnts of the Komanii. Khcmts i*
long and narrow, and (he houirtt nn
low. Hrreair mannla^uifs ol Manml,
coverlpix, and oilu-r woollen Aull'ii. It
is Icatcd in a plain, Inrronndid by hills
that produce excrllcnt wuif, «in the
river Vellc, 6j tn n Troycs, and 75 ni
Paris. Lr)n. 4 2 ■■', lit. 49 15 n.

Uhe'iH, a town of Prunia, in Nataii.
pen, widi a large fortified caftic ; fe.jtul
on a lake, 75 in 'iK Konigfbcrg. Lon,
21 38 f, lat. 5,3 48 N.

Ulttinau, a town of Swifll'ri.ind, in
Thurgau, with an abiioy, on an ifl.ind
ft)rined by the Uhint, 5 m siw Schafl-
haufon.

lilminbachf or Ihynbach, a town dl
Fiance, in the departmrnt of Rhine and
Mofelle, lately of (»cnnany, in the elcc.
loiaie of Cologne, 10 m wsw Bonn, and
36 Nw Coblentz.

Uheinberf^t a town of France, in th?
departin(MU of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the eleftorate of Cologne; (i'atetl
near the Rhine, 13 m e Geldcrs, and 48
N by w Cologne.

Jt/ieine, a town of Weftphalia, in the
principality of MunHcr, (eatcd on the
Kms, 1 8 m wnw Ofnaburg.

Uheineck, a town of France, in the
department of Rhine and Molelle, lately
of Germany, in the circle of Lower
Rhine; foat^d on the Rhine, 16 m nw
Coblentz.

li/ieineci, a town of Fianconia, capi-
tal of a county of the fame natrie, with
a caflle on the river Sinn, 25 m n by w
Wurtzburg.

Rheineck, a to vn of Swifierland, ca-
pital of Rheinthal, with u callle, feated
on the Rhine, near its entrance into the
lake of Conftance, 25 ni se Conftattce.
Lon. 9 35 K, lat. 47 21 N.

Rheinfelden, a town of Suabia, the
beft of the four Foreft-towns ; feated on
the Rhine, over which is a bridge, 8 m
E Bafel.

Rheinfeh, a ftrong fortrefs of France,
in the department of Rhine and Mofelle,
lately of Germany, in the lower county
of Catzcnelleni)Ogen. It is one of the
mod: important places on the Rhine,
and ftands on a Itupendous craggy rock,
at the foot of which is the fortified
town of St. Goar. It was taken by the
French in 1794, Jmd is i6 m s Cob-
lentz.

Rheinma^en, a town of France, in
the dej>artnitnt of Roer, lately of Ger-
many, in the duchy of Juliersj fituate
on the Rhine, 19 m nw Coblentz.

R/ieint/ial, a dUtrift of Swiflerland,

mil

lying along the KLiiie, and now in-
clmft'il ill thr caiU«)ii t)» St.(»jll. 'llic
protcftant inhabitants nr< the nxti-t nii-
mcriHU. It \* a tVrtilc vall»;y, jtm Iting
and fr(»m J to H broad, and proiliictH
cxccllint wini". Uluini-rk iitlir capital.
Uhtinrubern, a town of Irancc, in
tin- dip irtincnt ot Lower llhint?, (rated
on thi- i;iiba<.h, lo m sK Landau.

HIttiiii, a town of Lower Snxnny,
ill till* «lmliy I'f Mrcklcnhurg, on the
rivtr Ua^cj,"*'^' '4"' *•'' i.iibfC

j{/itnt-n, H town of Holland, id Utrcclit,
liatcdoii the Uhinf, lo nn hi-. Utrecht.

Hhint, a jjrf ul and rcniarkablc rivi-r
of laiiope, wliich rilci in Swiirciland,
in thi' fiiiiton of Grifons. It is Jormcd
of three lire ims ; ila- Further Rhine,
from Ihi- licad of the valley of Diicntis;
(he Middle llhine, from the valley of
Medelo, an appendaj^t of St. (iothard ;
jikI die llilhrr or llpp«*r Uhinc, from
the nioiinl Avicula. 'I'iie fiill two tor-
it ills united is calletl the Lower Rhine,
xvhich rectivci the Upper Rhine at
Richenau ; and the height is here about
ftiDo iVi't above the lea- Flowing by
Coiie, .It the diilancc of a mile, the
Rhine her« becomes navigable for rafts.
It is loon after the boundary between
the Rhtinthal and a territory of Aultria,
and palFcs through the lake of Conftanco
from E to w. Leaving this lake, it be-
comes the boundary between Swiirer-
land and Suabia, flowing by Schaffhau-
(en (below which it forms. a celebrated
catarad) to Ba(i;l. At Bufel the river
turns to the n, and flows thence to Hol-
land ; in which courfw it becomes the
barrier between France and Germany,
waters many confiderable cities and
towns, and receives lome large rivers.
Bilow Emmerick, in the duchy of
Cleve, it divides into two (iretms.
That which bends to the w, and flows
to Nimeg\ien, is called the Waal, but
lofes that name on its junction with the
.Meufe, at Worcmr.. Below Gorcum,
it divides into four principrtl branches,
forming the ifles of Yflelmonde, Voorn,
and Overflackee: the molt northern
branch is called the Merwe, and pairing
by Rotterdam and Schiedam, is joined
by the branch from the s fide of Yfl"cl-
monde, and enters the German ocean,
below Briel : the other two branches
make their exit at Helvoet flays and
Goree. The other ftream which had
branched oflF to the nw below £mme-
rick, retains its namcj but below Huef-
fen another branches olTto the n, takes
flu; name of Yircl, and enters the Zuidcr
zee. below Campen. The old river
proceeds w by Ainhi'im to Duerftede,
when it again divides into two ftrcams :

UHl

thit to thf lift In rtllcd the Leek, !iii I
eiittri the Mt'rwe, .«bove R«.tterd,«m.
The branch lo the right, which retain!
its iiamr, palTes on to Utrecht, where It
itivid'"* once more, into two llr^anui
tlie fin^ller one i* called the Vecht,
which runt north into the Ziiider 7.rr«
at Muyden } ami the other, the rimaini
»)f the n«)ble Hhine, flown w by W'ocr-
den to Leyden, where ii divides into
fcveral channels, and becomes loli
among hills of land near the village of
(atwyck.

Hhinf, Lowtr, a circl** of Germany.
It extended on both lides the Rhine,
from the circle of Suabia, on the !>, to
that of Wellphalia, on the n \ contain-
ing the elcdloiJte* of Mentz, Treves,
and Cologne, the pabtinate of the
Rhine, the duchy of Wedphalia, and
the county of Lower lleiibuig. But in
iH«i, the territories of this circle to the
w of the Rhine were ceded to Fr.ince,
and are included in the di partrncnts of
Roer, Rhine and Mufelli, Sarre, and
Mont Toniierre.

Rhine, L$wer, a department of
France, containing the u part of the
late province of Alfaco. btrafburg is
the capital.

llhinet f'pker, a department of France,
containing tnc s part of the late pro-
vince of Alface, the principality of
Montbeliard, and the bifliopric of Bafel.
Colmar is the capital.

li/iine, Vpper, a circle of Germany.
It extended acrofs the Rhine from Lor-
rain in Fiance, on the s, to the circle of
Lower Saxony on the n, and was nearly
interlirifted by the palatinate of the
Rhine. It included the landgravate of
HclFe, Wctteravia, the coui.Mes of Cat-
zenellenbogen and Waldeck, 'he impe-
rial town of Frankfort, the bifhoprics of
Fulda, Spire, and Worms, and the
duchy of Deux Fonts. But the terri-
t«ries of this circle on the w fide of the
Rhine were ceded to France in 1801,
and are included in the departments of
Sarre and Mont Tonnerre.

Rhine y Palatinate of thty a late elec-
torate of Germany, in the circle of
Lower Rhine ; bounded on the n by the
archbilhoprics of Mentz and Treves, E
by Franconia, s by Suabia, and w by
France. It was alio called the Lower
Palatinate, to diltmguifli it from the
palatinate of Bavaria, fometimes called
the Upper Palatinate. But this elec-
torate was fupprefled in 1801 ; the
French annexing the part w of the
Rhine to their own territory, and giving
the remainder to the houfes of Baden
and HelFe.
Rhine and Mojille, a new department

^^

•M'

i- /'S. ' '

■f •. 'I

i 1

f{ no

of France, inf l»ulin>{ purl of ihc lale
v-lt'dorittt of 1 ulii|{ri«' ditd 'IVtvc*, .iiid
of tli<* I'ltr jt,.{.itiiiat<-ut' tlio Rhine. The
capitiil iflCoblt lit/.

hli.'le l/ltnitl, OIK ill flic Uiiitfd
Still* of Ameru-a, Iwundvil on the f
.iiitl r, by Mafrrfcl-.iifttN, a by (lie AtLui-
ti<", am! w by Conitn'lii'iif, 'I'ho/i- li-
init-t cornpr'liL'nd what Jmb bctn calUd
Ulioiie lil.niil and I'rovidciicc IM.iiiia'
tion. It i» dividrd into thi* countUii
ofNcwpcit, I'lovidenco, W/idunntou,
litillol, and K< Mt. i'lit.' ll.itL" in tril< r-
I'fdtcd ill .ill diuctuiOH by tivcri' . tbo
chief of them are I'rovidcrcc aiul Taint-
ton riviTB, wiiioh (low into Niirrflg.tnl'i t
bay. li'tP'Oic nnd limrlbinc m\ t utid
Jn grt'.-it pifiity in thin U.itt , wliich in
principally a t'uuiilry Itir p.illnrc. In
1810 tl.c luimdcr of inh.iliit.'UU: u'hh
7^), an- I'riwldciitc and Ncv/poit arc
the chii'l" towr.H.

HhiKh Iftond, an ifland ©f N Aini'iici,
in the Hate of ito naiiu-, 15 in long and
4 broad, lletwcfn 30 and 40,«oollM'cp
art; led htrr, bt-fuIclbic^fH and h )rli')}.
This iilind is a iioit d rclutt of tlii' in-
valids from the f'JuLiu'rn clinntcti, being
cxcev.'dingly picafaiit and healthful. At
the sw txlremity ia tne town of Nlw
port.

If'iod.'j, an in.md of tlu' Archi|i. lago,
at tin- entrance ul thi- ^nilf ot M.icri, 40
W long find 15 broad. Tin: foil is pretty
ftrtik', biu badly cultivated. Th:a
idnnd is ii^uch celebr.tlt.-d in ancient
Iiillury, haviiijT been ficc|uently under
the dominion of different inaller'j. 'J'lie
Saracrns Incamc pofTirTors of it in 665 ;
and, ill 1 J09, it was taken from them l)y
the kiiights of St. John of Jernlali-ni,
\vlio afterward took llic name of knights
of lihodes. They rriained it till 1525,
when it was taken by ibe Turks, alter
an obfUiiatc rcliftance; and the Imall
number of knights that remaiiu u wcrt:
afterward removed to Malta. A pacha
h th4' goveriior-gi'iieial of the idand,
^vho prefifli'B over civil jcftice and mi-
litary difeip!in(.'.

K/ijdcs, the capital of tlu- ifund of
Rhodes, and an urchbiHiop's fee. It
was nncivMitly 9 m in circuit, and re-
garded by Alexandt.!', wIk, depofited
hiii lall will lieie, as tne lirfc city in the
world; but the pre ii-nt town occupiea
(Illy a qij.irttr of the extent of the .m-
cici!t city. It Ii.is a good harbour, with
a narrow entrance brlween two piers,
and u now fo choUcii with ruins, th.it
Imuil VI. nils alone are able to enter. Op
a pi t of the harbour (lood tlie famous
Coloirus, a (latue of bronze, 70 cubitK
high, reckoned one of the Itveii won-
ders of the world : it was thrown down

T{ 11 V

by an carth<|u.ik«', r,(t y(*x% Jiftfr iti
crrtnion ( and whfii the Sjnacrn* bv.
cnme mallcru of the ilhiul, thc-y knoek-
vd it to piii'«'H, .ind told thu 1/ iijnit-iilt
f 1) a Jew of lidi fla. Klw>/'c'i w.i» dcrm<
ed .1,1 un|ir< <,Miabtv fur \> i*, bciriK riir<
lounded by tri|.»U' w«lltt ..ml iljiiblr
duchfi, but they arc now in a (bm. ot
dilapiJ.ition. O^rr u e of : lir gairi ii
Aill to be ftcn a Uoiie ''lield wuh the
cr«>(;,of ih'M)iderot the kiiiy;i»l-of ;ii.
John of JeiulalcTi. A qiirtdr.u»gul,.i
eilifitVt whiili h i9 ijie apperfr^itcc (;i a
moiia<k»nry, ^^ in)w coMveried iu'o a
i ii.irddioule and .'.rfenal t and in it are
. (r«e jjties of m.Tiblr Ini.,. f. m.'.ile f/oiri
the pieces of /eulpture which inrincrly
.(doiiiid the city. It is ii habited liy
'I'lii.u an.' Jcwi ; for the ( niiftiniH,
v.ho i.'vf ill .ri.- fubinbH, a.«f nol fuiter-
t.d it/ be >■ .iiiiii !.)«. rt;.iU in the night-
tirm I. oil. 27 56 f, bit. jA .'.7 N.
If'iiiirz \ fee }{odi"t.
Hhoiw, ,i r»ver ttiai ri/en in b'winJ-r-
I.'uid. Ill Mount i'urca which lonue
fooii joins; a -mure lOniitltraMc 'tnim
froia .in i.\tcnh»»- glaeier n Id that of
ti.e knone. Alt.-r palFn .: ihvd.igh the
v.-iic ul \ aiais, it runs tli.oiig'i ihe like
of Geneva, ind It paraiing S.ivoy f'.oiu
Urt'be, it lli,w» w to I.yon. ttieii s to
Vieiiuf, Tom;i m. Valence, VivKi.,
I'oiit St. fiiprit, Avignoi', He,.ii:Mi,c,
Tarilcon, and Arle", aiul enttia the
."ieditcrranean by (everal mouth.H.

lihontt a depatlni''nt of Trance, (i)
nanii d fn.m the river Hiione, whieli
flowK on iti K border. The Rhone aiid
Loire wa.s originally one department,
luit leparated in 1792. I his deparl-
inent includes the late provinces oi
Ueanjolois and I.yonois. The capital
is Lyon.

Il/iene, Moutlu of the, .i department
of France, on the coall of the Meditcr-
tanian, at thi influx of tlie Rhone, con-
taining the w ii.ut of the late province
of I'loveiicc. vVix is the capital.

linonhonfet a vill, .je of Scotland, in
Kircudbriglitfliire, 8 m NNw Newton
Doug! 18, noted toiagieat annual fair,
and a weekly cattle market from Otito-
bt r to January.

H/niddlii'i, a vilh M' ot Wales, in Flint-
fliire, oil an eniiiuniee nccu the mouth of
the »^ Iwyd, 5 ni nnw St. Alaph. Jt
Wf«s once of conlideiablc eonf« (|iience,
bui mow of little note, except for thi-
remains of a caille built by Edward 1,
whofe queen was here delivered of a
prineelj in 1283; and in the fame year
a parliament is laid to have been held
here, when the famous Statuti- of
Rhuddlan was enat^ed.
IVmden, a town of the duchy of Wt it-

Rl U

phalli, on tie river Monnc and frontUri
uf P.i<tiTl(.)rn. 1 4 ru mk l.ipltidt.

Hhiiti if>i \ ico iiiiiiiiu.

Kliyiibiili, .1 town «»^ Nfwr V'orki ii)
Diid'cfk i'duiity. on die i liilc wt lliul-
Ibn iDTi opp'»litc Kiii(;lU>n, and iB ni
V l\>iij;hk«'i:|)f»<'.

1iliunbrr)(, or ll/ihu!rri^, .) town «>f
Br.'inth'iihiiif , in the Middle mirk, wi'h
;i h in.llomc pilac. huill \>y Frcdi-ilck
II . v/lifn hcrcdit ii y piincc. It ii Icuicd
(<n llic Uhyn, lu in n Kupplii.

Uhjfnty i fee Humnfif.

Hf'uHOKVt <* tdvvii i)t Miatidftihur;;, In
.^r .\iliddli' imik, ;it tlu- condiix of tlic
\\'.\yn with the IIav< I, (> m »n H.ivel-

Uiuzan, .i government of IlulTli, for-
iTirrly .1 provnicp of the government of
Mi)l'ct)W. It is r«riilf.' In corn, and po-
puluiit; and had anciently it« own
priniva.

Hiar^fi, a city of Kufllu. capit d of a
govir aunt of the fame name, and .m
avchhiiliop's li e. It wati formerly con-
fulcrahlc fui ixtcnt and lichfu, but was
almoil rnni< tl hy the T.ttt.ir'^i in i^OH-
It is ft »tfd i>t the eonfliix of th»" Trn-
hcdi with the Oka, loo m it Mufcow.
I.on. 4037 K.lai. 54 55 N.

Ui/jti tie SeJ/ii, a imall (■■a port of
Spain, in Allnrias, on tlit- bay ot Bil-
cay, i9 m t by s Gijon.

fttbtuLiv'ui, a town of Spa'n, in Gali-
cia, fcatetl at the coii'liix of tin.- Avia
with the Miitho, in a territory that pro-
(Uiccf. the belt wine in Spain, 15 n» wsw
Orenfe.

liibnilco., a ffaport of Spain, in Gali-
cia, witli a good harbinir, dcfn.iled by
two callli'ii. It ii feated on u. rock, at
tiie month of the Kio dc Mirando, 45
m N by E l.ngo. Lon. 6 47 w, lat. 43
j8 w.

Uihast a town of Spain, in Nc' Caf-
tile, on the river Xarama, 8 m l Ma-
drid.

Hibble, a river which rifes in W York-
liiire, above Settle, croflls Lanealiiire
by Clitheroe and tVefton, and cniers the
Irilh fca.

Uihi-lra Grande, the capital of St. Ja-
go, I he largell of the Cape Verd illands,
and a bifliop's lee. It has a good har-
bour, and is I'eatcd between two high
mountains. Lon. ?.5 24 w, lat. 14 50 n.

Uihemonl, A town of France, in the
department of Aifne, feated on an emi-
nence, near the river Oili', 10 ni w by
8 St Quentin.

Riberac, a town of France, in the de-
partment of l)«rdogne, 17 m e Pcri-
gueux, and zf ssii Angoulefme.

Hlbniki a town of Silcfia, in the prin-

1t IC

clpnlity of R.itihor, .;o m s by N Ra>

l.-ior.

Iiif»ii.li, or I'iinmk, a town of Euro-
pe m inikcv, in \Vtil4cl\i.i, and n bi«
(hnp'i f«e. Here, in 1787, the Andii*
.T 8 and IS'ilUans gainctl a j;reat victory
iiv.r the Tiiriis. It ii fc.itcd on ,\ ri«
v»T of th"' f niir name, (>i n\ » xh Tcr^o-
vKK— Amcher, on tLc fiv**r Alth, 50 m
w (>v i»'l\rjpviU.

Jiibfiit':, .1 town of Lower Saxony, in
tlic ilnchy t ;' Miclcltnbnrg, on a hiy of
the ihltic, itcir the influx of the lUc-
kenii/,, 15 m • t*. Uoflock. •

Itic/itlitu, a t(nvn of France, in the
dcpartpicnt »>i Indre and Loire fonml.
«d by I itilinal Richelieu in 16,7, and
feated on tlip Amabic and Vide, .^o m
Hsw 'rums.

I'ic/imontl, fho capital of Virginia, in
Iletirlco county, on the if lidc of Jamen
rivir. The public buildings arc an cpiC-
copal cliurch, a Itatchonl.', and court-
honfe. llcri* is a lloating toll brid ;e
ov( r the river ; and tlic talla above the
bridge arc 7 m in length. VfllLl* of
burden lie at City I'oint, :o m below,
to uhich goods tVnrn Hichnu)nd .nef^nt
down in boalo. In lUii, the theatic
here w is deftioyed by fir<', wl.ich com-
menced during a time of performaiiee,
and many lives were iolt. Richmond is
ua m H8W Alexandria. Lon. 77 5, w,
hit. J 735 K.

liiclimond, a borough in N Yorkfliire,
governed by a inaror, with a mai i;( t on
Satnvday. It was enclofed by a wall,
witl) thtec gates, now in ruins; and has
a calile, on an inaccenibte mount, and
two churches. It is the capital of a
diftrift called Kichmondfliire, which
al)Ounds in lead mines, and was former-
ly a county of itielf. Richmond has a
maiiufaciture of woollen tlockincs, i- ips,
&c. It is feated on the Swile, over
which is a bridv;e, 4* m .n'w York, and
a;,o NNw London. Lon. i ;,5 w, lat.
5428N.

RidimoHdy a village in Surry, with a
britlgc over the Tlnmes, 9 m v/.sw Lon-
don. It Vv..8 ancier'vly called Sheen;
but tieury \ ii called it Richmond, on
iiccouh': of his having been earl of Rich-
mond I • Yorkihire Here was a palace,
in wlucli Edward in, Henry vii, and
qneen Kliihbeth expired. Richmond is
(till diftingnifhed by its brantil'ul royal
gardens, in which is an ol^fervatory ;
and it3 extcnlivo royal park, lurroundcd
by a brick wall, built by Charlea i.

Rickinuuikvorth, a town in Hcrtford-
fliire, with a market on Saturday, fe.it-
cd on the Coin, 8 m £w St- Alban, and
18 wxw London.

■A

4'-

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

UUi 12.5

lU

140

11:25 i u

1^

1.6

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/

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Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

RIM

Wcla, a town of Spain, in Aragon, on
the river Xalt)n, a8 m whw SaragoflHi.

RiJe, a town in Haoipthire, on the
ME coaP of the ifle of Wight. It I is a
daily intorc >urfe by packet-boats with
Portfinouth, anJ fends to that place
abundance of butter, e j?g«, and poultry.
It ifl 5 m saw Portfrnuuth, and 6 rnk
Newport.

Hidjffield, a town of Connedlicut, in
Fairfield county, lituate on an crninrri'-e,
14 m KW Fairfi«ld, and 48 nnk Nkw
York.

R'ledlhi^en, a town of Suabia, in the
rluchy of WirtembtTg. li-'ated on the
Danube, 15 vn sw Ulm.

Rletberg, a town of Weftphalia, ca-
pital of a county of the fame name,
with ^ caftle. It is fituate on the Ems,
17 m w by N faderborn. Lon. 8 3a e,
lat. 51 45 N

Rirtlt a town of Italy, in the duchy
ofSpoleto, and a biihop'a loe. Befide
the cathedral, it contains three colle-
giate and fix parifh churches, and 12
convents. It is feated on the Velino,
near the lake Uieti, 37 m ne Rome.
Lon. 13 5 E, lit 42 a.^ N.

Rietix, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Garonne, and lately
a bifhop's fee It is feated on the Rife,
25 m ssw Touloufe.

liUz, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Alps, and lately a
bifliop's fee It is feated in a plain
abounding with wine and fruit, 20 m
ssw Digne.

Riga, a government of Ruflia- See
Livonia.

Riga, a ftrong town of Ruflia, capital
of the government of Livonia, and, next
to Peterlburg, the moft commercial
place in the cv. pire. It ftands on the
Dwina, 15 m fium its mouth, in a gulf
of the Baltic, called the gulf of Riga, or
Livonia. The trade is chiefly carried
on by foreign merchants, who are refi-
dcnt here, and thofe belonging to an En-
glifh fa^ory enjoy the greateft fliare of
the commerce. The principal exports
are corn, hemp, flax, iron, timber, mafts,
leather, and tallow. Within the fortifi-
cations are 9000 inhabitants, and in the
fuburbs 15,000, befide a garrifon of 1000
men. Here is a floatinjf wooden bridge,
over the Dwina, 2600 feet long and 40
broad : in winter, when the ice lets in,
it is removed; and in fpring it is re-
placed. Riga is 2JO m NE Konigfberg,
and 310 sw Pcterlburg. Lon. 24 15 e,
lat. 56 so N.

Rimini, a town of Italy, in Romagna,
with an old caftle, a ftrong tower, and
many remains of antiquity. The f«a

RIO

having receded from the town for fame
centuries, the harbour now will admit
only fmall veflels. Rimini was the firit
town that behsld Cefar in arms againft
his country, after having paflVd the Ru-
bicon. It is feated in a fertile plain, ut
the mouth of the M<irechia, in the gulf
of Venice, 28 m sk Ravenna, and 145
N by E Rome. Lon. 12 34 e, lat- 4
4 N.

Ringkioping, a feaport of Denmark,
in N Jutland, which h.is a confidcrable
trade with Holland and Norway. It is
feated on a ^ulf of the German ocean,
43 m sw Wiburg, and 55 nnw Ripen.
Lon. 8 15 E, lat. 56 8 n.

Ringleben, a town of Upper Saxony,
in the principality of Eifenach, 6 m N
Erfurt, and 26 bnk Eifenach.

Ringfled, a town of Denmark, in the
ifle of Zealand. It was formerly a city ;
and in the great church arc interred te-
veral kings, and perfons of diftin(5lion.
It is 30 m sw Copenhagen.

Ri/tgiwoodt a town in Hampfliirc,
with a market on Wednefday. It hai
a manufaAure of worfted hole ; and is
famous for ftrong beer and ale. It ii
feated on the AvoHj 30 m sw Win-
chefter, and 91 w by s London.

Rintela,A ftrong town of Weftphalia,
capital of the county of Schaueuburg,
with a univerfity. It is feated on the
Wefer, la m be Minden, and 35 wsw
Hanover. Lon. 9 10 e, lat. 52 iz n.

Rio Grande, a province in the ne
part of Brafil, between thofe of Seara
and Paraiba. It is watered by a river
of the fame name, which riles in the
immenfe plain of Fernambuco, and en-
ters the fea > ) lat. 5 31 s.

Rio Grandtf a river in the s part of
Brafil, which runs w into the Para-
na, being the principal branch of that
river.

Rio Grande^ a river that rifes in the
Sierra Leone, and flows through the
kingdom of Biguba, into the Atlantic.
It is navigable for boats 400 miles.

Rio de la Hacha, a feaport of Terra
Firma, in the province of Venezuela, at
the mouth of a river of the fame name^
100 m NwMaracaybo. Lon. 72 34 w,
lat- II 30 N.

Rio Janeirt, a river of Brafil, which
enters the Atlantic ocean, at St. Sebaf-
tian, the capital of Br»fil. It is rather
a fmall gulf or bay, as the water is fait ;
for though it receives tw6 rivers, their
waters are not fufiicient to form the*
bay which is called Rio Janeiro. At ^^s
mouth are feveral fmall iflands, w .ch
render the entrance difficult and dan-
gerous. On the ft. fid« of it is the f»rt

Si

R

of Santa Cruzi and

St Jago, together

Hio Janeiro, one

finces of Brafil, lyin

Capricorn, on a rive

It prod jces cotton

cocoa, pepper, inr

with abundance of fr

but no bread- corn

here have no whea

brought from Portu

neum for bread,

caflada in plenty

country confift in ni

precious ftones. T

fuchplent, , that a c

is allowed to be

which is fometime

than a month

capital.

Rio de Miranda
which rifes in the
rias, feparates that f
cia, and enters the
Ribadeo.

Rio del Norte,^ a 11

the fource of which

diftriftonti\e n bor<

The extent of its co

2000 m ; but it cai

termed a navigable

fand bars in the flat

in the upper part of

s through the who

Mexico into New Si

e and SB till it ente

ico, in Ht. 25 30 n.

Rio de la Plata ;

Riobamba, the ca]

in the kingdom of

du<flions and manuf.

are liiperior to any

dom ; and in fome

mines of gold and

was almoft ruined \

the volcano of Goto

now a handfome \

20,000 inhabitants.

Quito. Lon. 78 30

Ritja, a town of

a valley, near the r

border, 270 m sw

7020 w, lat. 29 12

Riom, a town o

partment of Piiy d«

hill, 8 m NK Clerm

Rioni, a river th;

pality of Georgia, f

of Mingrelia, and 1

Riont, a town 01

partment of Girorr(

ronne, 18 m sb Be

Ripa Tranfone,

themarquifateof/

RIP R 0 A

of Santa Cruz s and on the w that of Jiiptn, a ffaport uf Denmark. In N

St Jago, together with the capital. Jutland, capital of a diiKrelc of the lame

Itio Janeiro^ one of the rlchcft pro- name, with a caftle, two colleges, and

tirices of Brafil, lying near the tropic of a pnblic library. The tombs of fcvcral

Capricorn, on a river of the fame name, kings are in the cathedral, which ia a

It prodjceB cotton, fugar, rum, coffee, handfomc ftru(5lure. The harbour is at

cocoa, pepper, indigo, and tobacco,
with abundance of fruit and garden UufT,
but no bread-corn ; fu that the people
here have no wheat-flour but what is
brought from Portugal. As a fucceda<
neum for bread, there are yams and
calTdda in plenty. The riches of the
country confift in mines of gold, and in
precious ftones. The latter are found in
fiichplent, , that a certain quantity only
it) allowed to be collected in a year,
which is fometimes obtained in lefs
than a month. St. Sebaftlan is the
capital.

Rio de Miranda, a river of Spain,
which rifes in the mountains of Anu-
rias, feparates that province from Gali-
cia, and enters the bay of fiifcay, at
Ribadeo.

Rio del Norte^ a river of N America,
thefource of which is in a mountainous
diftrift on U\t n border of New Mexico.
The extent of its courfe is eftimated at
200O m ; but it cannot in any part l)e
termed a navigable ftrcam, owing to
land bars in the flat country, and rocks
in the upper part of its conrle. It runs
s through the whole country of New
Mexico into New Spain, where it flows
c and SB till it enters the gulf of Mex-
ico, in tot. z$ 30 N.

Rio de la Plata ; fee Plata.

Riobamba, the capital of ajurlfdidtfon
in the kingdom of Quito. The pro-
dutflions and manufatftures of its difiridt
are liiperior to any other in the king

a fmall diliance, at the mouth of the
Gram, in a country that fupplies the
belt beeves in Denmark. It is 65 m nw
Slefwick, and 78 s by w Wiburg. Lon.
8 40 E, lat. 55 aj N.

Rip/ff/t a town in W Yorkfliire, wi»h
a market on Monday, fcated on the
Nyd, 23 m wnw York, and 215 n by
w London.

Ripon, a borough in W Yorklhire,
governed by a mayor, with a market
on Thurfday. In the neighbourhood
is the celebrated park of Stud ley, in-
cluding the venerable remains cf foun-
tain abbey. Ripon was once f.nnoui
for its religions houffs, and has now a
collegiate church. Its noted manufac-
ture of fpurs has fome time declined,
but two extenfive cotton mills employ
a number of hands. The market-place
ia one of the fined fqiiarcs of the kind
in England. It is feated on the Ure, 28
m NNW York, and 209 nnw Lcmdon.
Lon. I 29 w, lat. 54 n n.

Riquier, St. a town of France, in the
department of Sj-nrre, felted on the
Cardon, 24 m nw Amiens.

Rijhorough, a town in Buckingham-
(hire, with a market on Saturday, 20 m
s Aylefbury, and 37 wnw London.

Ritxenbttttlct a town of Lower Sax-
ony, in the duchy of Bremen, with a
caille ; feated half a mile s Cuxhaven,
and 25 m N Carlfburg.

Riva, a town of Germany, in the
principality of Trent, on the river Riva,

dom; and in fome parts of it are rich at its entrance into the lake Garda, 17
mines of gold and filver. The town m sw Trent.

was almoft ruined by an eruption from
the volcano of Cotopaxi in 1746. but is
now a handfome place, and contains
20)000 inhabitants. It is 98 m s by w
Quito. Lon. 78 30 w, lat. 143$.

Rieja, a town of Tucuman, featod in
a valley, near, the mountains on the w
border, 270 m sw St. Michael. Lon.
7020 w, lat. 29 13 s.

Riom, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Puy de Dome, feated on a
hill, 8 m NK Clermont, and 115 s Paris.

Rioni, a river that riles in the princi-
pality of Georgia, forms the s boundary
of Mingrelia, and enters the Black fra.

Rions, a town of France, in the de-
partment of GiroiTde, feated on the Ga-
ronne, j8 m SB Bourdeaux.

Ripa Tranfove, a town of Italy, in
the mar^uifate of Ancona, 8ms Ferrao.

Riva, a town of Swiflerland, in Val-
teline, feated on the n end of the lake
Como, 8 m s by w Chiavenna.

Rivadeo ; fee Ribadeo.

Rivalta, a town of Piedmont, fituate
on the Sangon, 6 m sw Turin.

Rivalta, a town of Italy, in Milanefe,
fituate an the Adda, 15 m e Milan.

Rivarolo, a town of Piedmont,, fitu-
ate on the Oreo, 15 m n Turin. •

Rivejkltes, a tc)wn of France, in the
department of Eaftern Pyrenees, leated
on the Egly, B m n Perpignan.

Rivoli, a town of Piedmont, with a
magnificent caftle, 9 in w Turin.

Rivolot 5 town uf Italy, in Veronefe,
on the lake Garda, 16 m i^w Verona.

Roa, a town of Spain, in Old Caftile,
feated on the Douro, 25 m jj by i
Segovia.

! \

ROC

lioanHft .1 town of France, in the c!e-
p.iiliMcnt of Loire, featcdnn ihc I-oirc,
where it b'.'piii'i to bf iiavigahic for bar lis.
liciict; tht' merchandili.' of Lyon is con«
vtycd to l';iri.s, Orloai)8, Naiitz. &c.
Koatinc is 45 m wnw Lyon, ami aio
ssK Paris. Loii. 3 ?» K. lat. 46 4 N.

liontioke, an Ulatid ofN Carohii.i, on
the 8 fidf (jf Albemarle Ibiind, famous
for being tho place whcr«' iir Waller
Ralegh made the firil BritiOi fctllement
in N America. Its n end furms the s
lide of Roanoke inlet, which leads into
the lound. Loii. 75 .56 w, lat. 35 56 n.

Roanoke, a river of the United States,
formed by the jiindion of the Staunton
and Dan, in the s part of Virginia. It
is fubjcdl to inundations, and, en ac-
count of the falls, is navigable for (hal-
lops only, about 60 or 70 m. It enters,
by fcvcral mouths, into the sw part of
Albemarle found.

Robben IjUiml, fometimes called Pen-
guin Ifland, a barren fiiiidy ifljnd, near
the Cape of Good Hope, .it the entrance
into Falfe bay. Lon. 18 aa e, lat.

3* 50 ^•
Robel, a town of Lower Saxony, in

the duchy of Mecklenburg, on the lake

Muritz, 24 m w Strelit'/.

Robin Hood Rat/, a bay on the coaft
of Yorkfliire, between Scarborough and
Whiiby, about one mile broad. Here
is a village of fiihermen, who Aipply the
city of York, and the adjacent country,
v/ith all forts of fifh in their (eafon.
Lon. o 18 w, lat. 54 25 k.

Roca, Cape, the moft weftern point
of Portugal, and of Europe. On the
fummit is a remarkable monaftery, faid
to be 3»oo feet above the fca; and on
the E of the mountain is a fummer
palace, of Moovifh architedure. Here
is alfo a fmall vineyard, named Carta-
vella, yielding a peculiar grape ; and the
environs fupply moft of the fruits and
vegetables ufed at Lifbon. This cape is
called generally by the Englilh iailors,
the llock of Lifbon. Lon. 9 36 w, lat.
38 4a N.

Uocamadour, a town of France, in the
department of Lot, 23 m N Cahors.

Rpcella, a town of Naples, in Calabria
Ultra, neai- which is a cofal fifhery, 10
m NE Gierace.

Rochdale, a town in Lanc^ftiire, with
a market on Tuefday, and manufadlures
of bays, flannels, ferges, and other wool-
len goods. It has two churches; and a
canal from Manchefter pafles hence to
the Calder navigation, near Halifax- It
is (bated on the river Roch) at the foot
of the Yorkihire hills, 13 m n by e
Manchefter, and 198 nnw London.

U 0 (J

Roche, a fortltitd town of Savoy, in
ficnevois, featid nciralar^je n)ck, on
the river IJoriie, is m nk Anneey.

Rochet or Roche en Ardennes, a town
of the Netherlands, in tht; late dichy
of LtiKembi'.rg, with a llrong e; ;Ut,
feaied on a rock, near the river Oi 'tc,
22 m s Liege, and;^2 Nw Luxeml 'irg.
Roche limucottr, a town of Fruicc,
in the department of Dordogne, aim
aw Pcrigucux.

Rcche Bernard, a town of France, in
the department of Morbihan, on the
river Vilaiiie, 22 m se Vannes.

Rcche Giiijon, a town of France, in
th(! department of Seine and Oife, on
the river Seine, ai m w Pontoife.

Roche Rofay, a town of France, in
the department of \ ienne, with a mi-
neral fprirg; feated on the Crcufe, 3:
m ENE Poitiers.

Roche fur You, a town of France, in
the department of Vendee, feattd near
the Yon, 20 m nw Lucon.

Rochechouart, a town of France, in
the department of Upper Vienne, with
a caftle on a mountain; feated near a
livulet that flows into the Vienne, 18
m w Limoges.

Rochifort, a town of tlie Xethtjrlands,
in the late duchy of Luxemburg, with
a cattle, laid to have been built by the
Romans, it is fituate on the Somme,
furronnded by rocks, 50 m nw Lux-
emburg. Lon. 5 10 £, lat. 5012N.

Rochefort, a feaport of France, in the
department of Lower Charente, with a
commodious harbour, one of the moll
famous in France, ft ftands on tht
Charente, 15 m from its mouth, which
is defended by fcveral forts. The flreets
are broad and ftraiglu ; and the houies
low, but regular. It has a magnificent
hofpital, the iineft hall of arms in France,
a noble arfenal, a foundery for cannon,
and all the other magazines neceflary
for the conftruition and equipment of
Ihips of war. It is j8 m sse Rocheilc,
and izj sw Paris. Lon. o 58 w, lat

45 50 N-

Rochefort, a town of France, in the
department of Jura, on the river Doubs,
6 m NE Dole, and aa wsv/ Befancon.

Rochefort, a town of France, in the
department of Mayenne and Loire, on
the river Loire, 10 m ssw Angers.

Rochefort, a town of France, in the
departmentofMorbihan,i7 m EVannes,
and 40 sw Rennes.

Roche foucauU, a town of France, in
the department of Charente, leated on
the Tardouere, i» m ne Angouleme-

Rochejaune, or Vellowjione, a river of
Louiflana, which has its rife in the moun*

R

taini 9 of the four
f.nd flows above 1
river, which it ml
where itt mouth is
clufive of a large fa
ii of a yellowidi br(
ftream divided by n
Ihoals. In 1806, t
its courfe was dei
Clark.

Pothelle, a fortiGe
and a bi (hop's fee, i
Lower Ch;.rente. '
ported by piazzas, s
ruiaded by a pro<!
feet in extent. Th
nn a conliderable ti
wine, brandy, fugar.
and ferges. Rochel!
bay of Bifcay, 67m
%iO «w Paris. Lon.
Rochemaure, a tow
department of Arde(
Khone, 8 m nne Vi<
liochejitr, a city i
by a mayor, with a
ItH caftle, now in rui
it of great importan
are fume remains c
fpring aflizes are held
Aone alternately. Ko
fer, and has, facfidc 1
pariflics-churcbes. 1
habitants in 1 801 was
iocludiog Chatham,
at,72a. It has tw(
called the Kings, and
S'j'ool, Here is ai
endowed for 12 poo
almibouie £or 6 po(
are fup^lied for cne i
entertajninent, and
fcription ofer the do
rogues and proAors ;
chcfter is parted froi
by its bridge, and is c
bam on the e. It is i
way, at m wnw Ce
E8£ London. Lon. (
Roehettai a town
Nice, i«m nb Nice.
Boch/ord, a town
market on Thuriday,
ford, and 40 E by v
Rteb/itz, a town
>n Mifnia, wiifc a caf
abandlbaie bridge 0
tt SE Leipzic.

Rtcia-wajf, 9 town

Morns county, 00 a

»jmvby wMorrift

fieckbridg^ti (ee Ct

tUtktnhMufen, a tc

W deikaniwiDt ftf

HOC

uint s of the fourcei of the MlfTour!,
9.nd flowt above looo m ne to that
river, which it enters in lat. ^8 o n,
wht;re its mouth is 300 yards widet ex*
chifive of a large fand-lwr. The w^ttr
ji of a yellowifli brown colouri itnd ih'-
ftienm divided by numeroui idaiidii and
Ihoais. In 1806, the greutell part of
its courfe was defcended by captain
Clark.

Jioc/ielUt a fortified fraport of Franoe»
and a bithop't fee, in the department of
Lower Chi.rente. The h4)nli>6 are fup*
ported by piazzas, and the haven is fur-
rui.nded by a prodigious mole» 44^2
feet in extent. The inhabitants curry
on a conliderable trrde; efpecially in
winet brandy, fugar. fait, uaper, linen,
and fergcs. Kochelle is feated on the
bay of Bifcay, 67 m 8 by b Nantes, and
a^o iiw Paris. Lon. i 10 w, lat. 46 9 n.

Rochemaure, a town of France, in the
department of Ardeche. feated on the
Rhone , 8 m NNE Vivien.

lioc/iejftr, a city in K<'nt, governed
by a mayor, with a market on Friday.
Itit caftle, now in ruins, once render*^
it of great importance ; and here alfo
are fome remains of a priory. The
fpring afTizes are held here and at Miid-
ilone alternately. Kocheftrr is a biihop's
fee, and has, bNcfide the cathedral, two
parilhrs-churches. The number of in-
habitant! in 1 80 1 was 6ti7; and in 181 1,
iocludiog Chatham, the number was
si,722. It has two frcefchools, one
called the Kings, and the other the City
SJnol, Here ia an hofpital liberally
endowed for la poor people '*ro an
aloibouie for 6 poor traveilere^ who
are fupplied for c/ie night with lodging,
entertajnoent, and fourpence; an in-
fcription o?er the door intimating, that
rogues and prodors are excepted- Ro-
chefter is parted from Stroud on the w
by its bridge* and is contiguous to Chat«
ham on the e. It is feated on the Med-
way, zi m wNw Canterbury, and 29
E8£ London. Lon. p j6 e, lat. 5 1 23 v.

Roehettat a tovn of the county of
Nice, i6m NE Nice.

Rothfordt a town in ECTex, with a
market on Thurfilay, 16 ra se Cheliss*
ford, and 49 G by ir London.

Rtchlitz, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, wiik a caftle on a rock, and
a bandlbmc bridge over the Muldai 24
B> SE LeipziC'

Rtciawa^, a town of New^crfey, \n
Morris county, on a river qi lU naoic,
15 m w by w Morriftpwq.

Recibrid^ei fee Cftlar Great,
JMtnhMufetft a town of Fmnce, in
W dei^anaaieiDt aI Miwt TonofrrCy

ROD

latflv of Oermany. in the palatinate of
the Rhine, 26 m w Worrtu

RocJ^ford, a town of N Carolina, In
Wilkes county, feaied on the YidkiOf
33 m E by N Wilkes.

Roekinffham, a town of N Carolina,
chief of Richmond county. It i« featccl
on an cmiiitme. 6 m e of Great Pcdce
river, and 46 wnw F.»y»;ttfville.

RocHngham, a lown ofVnginia, chief
of a cd'iiity of the f^nic na'iie. It
is fltuate on a branch of the Shenandoah,
40m sw Woodltock, and 53 CNfc Hath.

Roeking/iam, :. town in Notthamp-
ton(hire. with a nvirket on TLurlday.
It had an ancient cilllc, long ago de-
molifli^'d; and its furefl was r^rkoned
one of the iarpeft and richci: in the
kingdom. It is felted on the Well/ind,
12 in 8 Oakham, and (3 n by w Lon-
don

Rtciy Mountt « town of Virginia,
chief of Franklin county. It is leated
near the fourc; of the Staunton, 35 m
sw New London, and 140 w Peter f-
burg.

Roeroy, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Ardennes, celebrated for
a viftory gained over the Sp.iniardn. in
1643. It is feated in a plain, i'urround-
cd by forefts. 26 m n Rethel.

Rodachs a town of Upper Saxony, in
the principality of Coburg, on a river of
the fame name, 9 m mw Coburg.

Rodbjft a feaport of Denmark, in the
iflaud of Laland. The p <flUge hence to
Heiligenhaven, in Holftein, and to the
ifland of Ftmern. is much frequented.
It is !o m SE Naxkow. Lon. 11 45 e,
lat. 5+ 45 N.

Rodenburgi a town and caftle of Weft-
phalia, Iq the county of Schauenburg,
near which is a mineral fpring. It is 1 1
m w by s Hanover.

Rodez, a town of France, capital of
the department of Aveiron Here are
four great annual fairs, where mules are
fold for Spain ; and fome manufaAures
of gray cloths and ferges. It was I *tely
a bilhop's fee ; and the lofty fteeple of
the Cathedral is admired for irs archi*
tenure- It is feated in the midft of
mountains, on a hill, at the foot of
which flows the Aveiron, jo m w by 1
Mende. Lon. 2 34 e, lat. 44 21 N.

Bodingt a river in Eflex, which rifea
near Dunmow, runs s to Ongar, and
gives the name of Rodings to this part
of the county. It then flows between
Epping and HainauH forefts, to Barkings
below which it joins the Thames.

Rodokt a town of Hindooftan, in the
province of Ddbi| ^e 01 > Hiflar, ana

aR

y. :

i •

:Vi.

./

ROK

Tt$Jo/lf>. a <■ .Tport of European Tur-
key, i;i U.jfi..inii. aiul • r.rp»'k bilhop's
f«e. I> •' i'< att-d on ttn Ii'lr <tF ;i hill,
by th; It.' of Marmora, 6i i.i w Con-
Aantii'opie. Lou a; 37 R la' 41 in.

UoJri^uez, an ifland in the fndiaii
ocean, lyin^ 100 KagucH k of .Mauritiusi
and pDncfltnl by the French. It is ..jo
m It lit.- mil I r. broad; mountainous, and
in r y p.iith rocky, though there are
othr in which tht- fdil is «-xct-llcnt «
but ' < l>e(t produtfl '> of the illand h
the land turtle, which arc iu great
abundance. On the N fide is a bay
that affords fecure (hclter for (hipit, and
ample TuppliL's of wood and water.
Lon. 63 o v., lat. 19 30 s.

lioer, a river of Germany, which
rifes in the duchy of Weflphalia, flows
by ArcnfbtTg, Schwcrtc, Werden, and
Duyfburg, and enters the Rhine at
Roerort.

Roer, a new department of Frat<cei
including the duchy nf Juliers, and part
of the territories or Cleve, Gelders, and
Cologne. It takes its name from a river,
which rifes above Juliers, and joins the
Meufe at Ruremonde. The capital is
Aix*la-Chapelle.

hoerert, a town of Weflphalia, in the
duchy of Cleve, at the conflux of the
Roerwith the Rhine, 17 m s by e Wefel-

Roeutx, a town of the Netherlands, in
Hainan t, 8 m nk Mono.

RogerpyiUe, a town of TenefTee, chief
of Hawkins county. It flatids on the n
fide of the Holftan, 50 m nne Knox-
ville.

Rogerwici. or Port Baltic, a feaport
of Ruffia, in the province of Revel,
feattd oi) a fine bay at the entrance of
the nulf of Finland, 40 m wnw Revel.
Lon 2;; 20 K, lat 59 10 N.

Rojfonatpour, a t(>w(! of Hindooftan,
in Bengal, capital of the circar of Pa-
chtte. It i6 126 m nw Calcutta. Lon.
86 47 K, lat 23 32 N.

Roha ; fee Or/a.

Rohaczov), a town of Lithuania, in
the palatinate of Minfk. fcatcd on the
Diieiper, .tttheinfluxof theDroutz, i 20
m SE Minlk Lon. 3* 20 e, lat. 53 2 n.

Rohan, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Morbihan, feated on the
Aouft, 20 m N Vunnes.

RohUcundy or Rohillot a territory of
Hiridooftan Proper, whofe inhabitants
are called Rohillas. It lies to the ! of
Delhi, and is fubjedt to the nabob of
Oudr, by whom, with the .ifTiflance of
the Britiih, it wai coriqucr«;d in J774;
Bereilly is the capital.

Rokitzan, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of PUfcn, with good cloth manu*

ROM

faAurei and a trade in iron, 7 m e by n
Pilftn.

Rolduc, a town of the Netherlandj,
in the late duchy of Limburg, 10 m sw
Juliers.

Rom, an ifland of Denmark, on the t.
coalt of S Jutland, 7 m long and nearly
3 brond. it contains a few villages.

Romagna, a province of Italy, bound-
ed on the N by Ferrarel'e, e by the gulf
of Venice, s by Tufcany and Urbino,
and w by Bologncfe and Tufcany. It
is fertile 'n corn, wine, oil, and fruit;
and has alfo mines, mineral waters, and
falt-works, which make its principal
revenue. This province lately belonged
tc the Kcclefiadical State, but is now a
part of the kingdom of Italy. Ravenna
18 the capital.

Romainmotier, a town of Swifferland,
in Pays de Vaud^ capital of a bailiwic,
with a caftle ; feated in a narrow valley,
through which flows the river Diaz, n
m sw Yverdun.

Romanij a town of European Tiir<
key, in Moldavia, and a bif hop's fee;
feated on the Siret, 50 m wsw JafTy.

Romanim, a province of Turkey in
Europe, aco m long and 130 broad;
bounded on the N by Bulgaria, sbythr
Black fea, s by the fea of Marmora and
the Archipelago, and w by Macedonia.
It was formerly called Thrace, and is
the largeft of all the Turkifh provinces
in Europe. It is fruitful in corn, anJ
has mines of filver, lead, and alum. It
is divided into three f'angiacates, the ca-
pitals of which are Philippopoli, Galli-
poll, and Conftantinople.

Romano^ a town of Italy, in Berga-
mafco, on a river that runs between the
Oglio and Serio, 11 m sse Bergamo.

Romans, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Drome, on the Ifere, i% m
sw Grenoble, and 30 s Vienne.

Rome, a city of Italy, in Campagna
di Roma, capital of the Ecclefialtical
State, and the refidence of the pope. It
is the ancient Latium, and one of the
flneft and moft famous cities in the
world, fituate on feven hills and the in-
termediate valleys, along the banks ot
the Tiber, over which it has four bridges.
The walls arc of brick, in which are rj
gates ; and its whole circuit, including
that part beyond the Tiber and all be-
longing to the Vatican, is upward of 16
m. It is computed to contain 180,000
inhabitants, which, though greatly in-
ferior to what it could boaft in the days
ot its ancient power, is confiderably
more than it could number at forae for-
mer periods fince the fall of the empire.
Soms of the principal ftrccts are of con-

ROM

rulcnble length, and ptrfedlly ftrnijjht.
Tint called the Corfo ii the moft frc-
(|uentcd. Hi-re thf nobility ililplay thi-ir
equipi^'^'H dtirinj? the cariiivnl, and take
the air Ml till- evenings, in fair weather.
The (hops on <'ach lide are 3 or 4 ket
higher than th»" ftrcot; and thrre in a
path f(»r foot palfengt'rB, on a level with
the Ihops. The pahtces, of whieh there
are leveral in this (treet, nngc in a line
with the hmneB, having no conrts be-
fore them The Strada del Habiiino,
Sirada lei de Ripetta, Stra«la Telice,
and Strada di Porta I'ia, are alio very
long and noble Itrcof s. The chief fquarcs
arc the Piriv.x Navona. Pia/./.;^ d'Kfpap-
na, Pl.t'-., « C'olonna, Pia/za del Mont»;
Citorio. arui Piaz/a dol Popolo, which
are furrounded with handfhmt! build-
ings, and have fountains or obelilk'; in
their ar -a. There are no lamps iightc^l
in the f^u■et8 at nipht ; and all Rome
wo I'd be in utter darknel's, were it not
j for the ca'idlc.H whicn the devotion of
individuals foinetimes place before the
ft^tues of the Virgin: thcfe appca.-
giimmering, at vaft intervali, like ftars
in a cloudy night. Rome exhibit! a
ftrange mixture of magnificent anH in-
ttredingi and of common and beggarly
objects; the former confifts of palaces,
churches, obelifks, fountains, and the
remains of antiquity; the latter com-
prehends all the reft of the city. The
church of St. Peter, in the opinion of
many, furpalfes in magnitude, elevation,
lopulence, and beauty, every edifice in
exiftence, or on record. It was begun
Ito be built iu 1508, fininied in 1621,
land is entirely covered both within and
without with marble. The length is
hlo feet, the breadth 510, and the
[height, fi'om the pavement to the top
lof the crofs that crowns the cupola,
I450. The high altar is 90 feet in height,
land of extraordinary magnificence ; it
IHands under the centre of the cupola
land over the tomb of St. Peter. A
Icnmpiete defcription of this church,
land of its ftatues, hafTo-relievoH, co-
llumns, and various other ornaments,
p'ould fill volumes. The cathedral of
iSt. John Lateran, the Romatis fay, is the
|p»rent and mother of all churches. To
jthis church every new pope goes in
jmagnificent proceffion, to take polTef-
Ifion of the holy fee. The Pantheon,
yn&ed above lao years before the
Chriaian era, to ths honour of all the
Ns, is the moft perfcdl of the Ro-
pan temples that now remain ; and,
Nwithflanding the depredations it has
[iiftained from Goths, Vandals, and
ope», isitiU a noble monument of Ro-

noM

ruan tafto. Tlic pavilion of the great
altur of St. Peter, and the four wreathed
pillars of Corinthiiin brats that fupport
It, wi'i\' formed out of the fpoils of the
Pantheon, which h.m ftill a probability
of outliving its proud cipaciouB rivai.
This heathen temple, about the year
609, was made a chrillian temple, de-
dicated to the Virgin, and has obtained,
froiU It^ circular form, the name of the
Uotonda. The lieijjht is 150 feet, the
diameter the fame, and the <:upola,w!iicli
cnnvtiM it, is an cxa.5t hemilphere. It in
paved and lined with marble, and lighteil
i'olejy frcm a central optninjj In the
dome. The amphitheatre of Velpafiari
and Til j, now called the Colii'eum, is
the moft (lupendouH rnonunv;pt of an-
tiquity in Rome: about one half of the
exte. Old circuit ftill remains; from which
an idea may be formeil of the original
ftru^ture, and by computation it could
contain H 5,000 fpectators. Hut the an-
tiquities of Rome arc too numerous to
be minutely defcribed ; thai the ancient
Forum, now a market for cattle ; the
column of Trajan, the arch of Conftan>
tine, the tomb of I'eftiiw, the baths of
Caracalla, &c. mufl be palTed over.
The Campidoglio, built by iMlchael An-
gelo, is a beautiful ftrudture, ftanding
on the fite of the ancient capitol, fo
long the centre of the empire of the
world. The body of this palace is the
refidcnce of the fenators of Rome, and
the wings are inhabited by the magi-
Urates. The pope has three Aiperb
palaces, of which the principal is the
Vatican, near St. Peter s church : the
library of this palace is deemed the
largeft in the world, and rich, efpecially
in manuicripts, in all languages and of
all ages. In Rome the connoifleur will
meet with innumerable paintings by the
greateft mailers, and with the fineft
works of fculpture, ^c. Befide the
univerfity, which confifts of feveral no-
ble colleges, ♦here arc numerous acade-
mies and literary focieties. The cattle
of St. Angelo ferves mort to keep the
city in awe, than to repel any foreign
attack. Several fine gardens and villas
are within the ancient walls of the city,
contributing much to its coolness and
beauty ; and many others, with feveral
grand objedls of antiquity, are in the
fuburbs and neighbourhood, which give
the immediate environs an uncommon
fhare of amenity and intereft. Rome
was entered, in 1798, by the French,
and they fent away a greit number 6f
the molt valuable ftatues and paintings;
in 1799, it was retaken by the allies;
and in 1809, it became fubjeft to FrancL*.
z R 1

^:.'j

?li'

1

noM

0«e BetU/s/tiial Stalt. Rome U 1 1 o
m Nw N4pleif 410 iMw VicuiMi rnd
6«o »g Puia- Lon. i» 19 B| Ut. 41

54 ^'
R»mt, u town of KfW York, in Her-

kemer county, on the ■ of which U Fort
Stanwis. It ftanda nt>jir Woud crark,
which ii bontnble to lake Ondda, n>id
ncAr the head of Mohawk river \ be*
tween whole waters there it here * port-
age of a mile. It ii ta m nc Oneida,
and 6t Nw Albany. Lon. 74 56 w, lat.
43 UN.

Rommayt t town of Fnnce. in the
department of Saone and Loire, 15 m
«NK Macon.

RtmtrAadtt a town of Moravia, in
the neighbourhood of which are fome
iron minei. It is ao nn nne OIniutz

Rtmettat a town of Sicily, in V«t di
Demona, 9 m w by s Mrffina.

RotH/brJ, a town in EITex, with a
market on Tuefday for hogs. caWei.
and (hccp, and on Wednefiiay for cattle,
corn, &c. It it 1 a m itNB London.

RomhUJ, a town of Franconia, in the
county of Henneb«rg, with a caftlci 13
m a Meinungcn.

Rcmkala, a town of Syria, with the
remaina ofan aacient and ftron^ cadle,
in whid) ar; two thurchea. It ii feated
on the Euphra^ci, at the influx of the
Simeren, 85 m «Ma Aleppo.

Rtmnmt a town of Ruflia. in the go-
vernment of Tchemigof, 88 m bse
Tchernigof.

Romnfjf, a town of Virginia, chief of
Hsmpihu'e county. It is feated on the
w fide ot the >w branch of the Potomac,
go m w by N Winchefter. Lon. 79 5
w. lat. g9 10 N.

iRomnf^t NtWf a town in Kent, with
a market on Thurlday. It is one of the
cinque- ports, and once contained five
oburchcs and a priory; but Hnce the
iea has retired. U is much reduced. Old
Roroney, now a fmall place, is a mile to
the w, and v^as the origitul port. The
new town is feated on a hill, in Romney
marOi, t% m sw Dover, and ft ssXon-
-don. Lon. o 56 r, lat. jo 59 n.

Romiuy Marjb, a traA in the moft
fouthem part of Kent, between Dungc-
■eft and Rye haven, defended from the
fea by a ftrong embankment, called
Dymchurch Wall. It ia ao m long and
8 broad, conbining about 50,000 acres
•f firm land, and forae of the rioheft
^fture in England. Vaft flocka of
fteep, and herds of cattle, are frttcned
here to an extrAir}rdinary fize, andlient
hence to the London market- It has two
towns and iq pariflias, which were ia-
corporatcd ia ihatAig^ of &Kraid iTy

RO(i
by the name of a bailiff, 14 jur.iti,
the commonalty of Komnry Marlh.

Rom0Hi, a town of 8wi(Gerl«nd, lntli»|
canton of Friburg, fcaled un a inout.I
tain, torn NW Fribiirg.

RomorentiHt a town of France, in tbt I
department of Loir and Cher, with a
rajtle, and nianufaAures of fergcuind
cloths I feuted on the .Saudre, a6 nt u|
Bluis, and 40 t by w Orleans.

Hom/dalt a town of Norway, capihll
of a province, in the government oil
Drontlieim. It is loo m sw Drontbcia.|
Lon. 7 54 a, Ist. 61 28 m.

Ramj'ey, a town in Hampihire, p.\
vemed by a mnyor, with a market ogl
SAlut'day, a manufaAure of (halooiii,!
and feveral paper-mills. Here wuil
confidcrable abbey for BeoediAinc nuis,!
of which little is now landing, cxcrfti
the fpacious church. It is feated on iJxl
Andover canal and the river Ted, ii|

vw Southampton, and 7j w by ( 'oi-i
don.

R»nervallt$t a tovm of Spain, la Nt-
varre, fituate in a valley, to which it
gives name, 14 m mnk Pamplona

RtMciglioMt a town of Italy, is tJKl
patrimony of St. Peter, with a fortiitii
cattle} feated on theTereia, oearaiik
of the fame name, s8 m hmw Rootl
Lon. I a jtc, lat. 4a 18 n

RonJa, a town of Spain, in OranMi,
feated r:ar the Ouadiavo, on au d
▼ated and extenfi''e plain, furrouaddll
by a double enoloiure of rocks. Tl
environs are fertile in corn, and aboi
in apples and pears. Near it are
ruins of t lie city of Acipino, vuigvi]
called Old Ronda, among whicii
thofe of a large Roman ampbitbci
and an aqueduA. Ronda is 4}
Malaga, and 43 ;< by ^ Gibraltar. 10
5 9W. lat. 3646 N.

RoMte^ a feaport of Denmark, is
ifland of Bornholm, and the refii'
of the governor. The harbour is foitil
fied. but not deep. Lon. 14 55 ^
55 10 K.

Rontteburgt a town and caftle of <I|
per Saxnny, in the principality of Ail
burg, 14 m aw Altenbiii^.

JRtque, St. a town of Spain, in Ai
lufia, at the ent>anoe of the iAIwi
which feparates Gibraltar from tke
tinen'^- Here are ievcral betteriet,
a fort at each eod, to defend the
which run actrofs the ifthmus. it
on the top of a hill, oveclookiof
bay, 17 m vt .Tariffa,.and 5B sbC
Rtg^i^rtf a town of f rancc< io
department of Landes, feated 00
Douefe, is^m jmie .^ont de Mail*
R9§wmttunt<t.iBmn of Jlaa»y'

I #rpar»reent of Card,

loearthe Rhone, ai m

Rtfuttatt a town <

I osdai on the coaft of tl

jiomsw Almeria, nnd

Rerai, a town of N

Ivcmment of Drontheii

portant mines of copp

Itheim.

Htfat a Angular ii

Prnnine Alps, at the

Piedmont, little infer

Mont Blanc. It form

circus of gigantic peak

ligeofMacugnag^} ai

iifuppotird to impart

Ifoffle refemhlance to ar

Rofamarina, a town

Idi Demona, at the mo

I the Dime name, aa m v

Refunot a niwn of I

Ipa'atinateof Novogro(

|tlieZolv4, ao m pw N

Ro/ario, a town of

iCuliacan, near which a

I of Copala. It is feat

IRofcirio, no m ssc C*i

Rofariot a town of ]

I province of Buenos Ayi

Inraoa, immediately fc

I of the Tercero, 74 m s

R^ach, a village ol

I ill Thuringia, lo m s

mous for a vi Aory obta

ofPruflia, over the Fr

|ani, :n 1757.

Rofchad, a town of 2

la caftle on a mountair

jiakeof Conftance, 7 m

Rofchildt a town of J

jifleof Zealand, and a

iinowa poor place, h

dflice if the kings of

veral centuries l^fore

fbvnded; and the cai

keen the place of the

I treaty of peace was cf

i6j8 It is feated at t

gulf, i6 m w Copenha

Rofcommon^ a coum

the province of Connr

wd 28 broad ; boundi

81h?o and Leitrim, e I

WMcath, s by Gal'

Gdlw^y and Mayo. I

p6,oao inhabitants, is

pari&ts, and fends two

lisment. Itisatoleral

producing excellent c^

1 Ttt, there are fome extt

Rofiommont a boro

iMpilalofthecounty c

I The cattle was razed

^Ih and of its mon

I109

I ^rpirtmetit of Oardt (kttt^ on a nc\,
I ofir the Rhone, ai m «rs Nifmet.

R»futiai% « town of Spain, in Ore*
I ntdfti on the coaft of the Mediternnean,
{lo tn «w AlmeHa. nnd $xm Oranada*
Rerat, • town of Norway, in the go*
Imminent of Oronthvim, noted for im-
portant miiiei of copper, 68 m s Dron-
Itheim.

lUfat « Angular mountain of thr
IPKflnine Alpa. at the nb boundary of
Piedmont, little inferior in height to
MontB1:tnc. It forms, at it were, a
eircui of gigantic peaka, round the viU
lligeof Macugnagj \ and its appearance
iifuppoled to impart the name from
Ifofflc refemhliince to an expanded rofe.
Rofamarina, a town of Sicily, in Val
Idi Demona, at the mouth o' a river of
IthcCinDe name, as m w by a Patti.
I RopHa, .t ^wn of Lithuania, in the
paUtlnate ok- Novogrodec, I'eated near
|tbe Zolv4, ao m pw Novnjroaec.

Ro/ario, a tOM'n of New Spain, in
ICuiiiican, near which are the rich mines
of Copala. It ia feated on the river
|Rof.irio, no m ssc Culiacan.

Hofariot a town of Paraguay, in the
I province of Buenos Ayrei, feated on the
IPanna, immediately below the influx
of the Tercero, 74 m a St. Fe.

Ro/bach, a village of Upper Saxony,
ill Thuringia, lo m as Meriburg; fa-
mou* for a vi Aory obtained by the king
of Pruflia, over the French and Auftri*
»(, in 1757.

Refchad, a town of SwifTerland, with
a caltle on a mountain; feated on the
jUkeof Conftance, 7 m enb St. Gall.

Rofchildt a town of Drnmarl, in the
I iile of Zealand, and a Sifhop'a fee. It
ii now a poor place, but was the red*
deuce tf the kings of Denmark for fe-
Tcral centuries before Copenhagen was
Ibvnded} and the catliedral has long
been the place of their fepv.lture. A
I treaty of peace was concluded here in
1658 It is feated at the end of a deep
I gulf, 16 m w Copenhagen.

RofeommoHt > county of Ireland, in
j the province of Connrughf., 50 m long
and i% broad ; bounded on the n by
8n];o and Lei trim, e by Lungford and
W iMcath, s by Galway, and w by
Gilwfj and Mayo. It contains about
U6,ooo inhabitants, is divided into 59
pariihts, and fends two members to par-
iiiment. It is a tolerably '*vfl country,
producing excellent corn and pafture,
1 yet there are fome exttn 'jve bogs.

Roj'ceni.'noat a borough of Ireland,

I Mpital of the county of the fame name.

I The caftlc was razed to the ground in

*i7h and of iti oaonaftic fbundationa

there are but few rcmaina. It Is 88 01
w by N DubliO' Lon. d 4a w, lat. 53
J4 »•

Hofcrea, % town of Ireland, in Tip*
perary. Three m to the »b ii the ruin
of an abbey, lingular for ics flMiation on
a dry ifl.ind, uf about two acres, in the
centre of a large bog. It is to m wsw
Maryborough, and is n Ca<hrl.
Bofimu\ iff Charhttt-ttnun.
Rofemiirku\ Itc Fortroft.
Ho/tnifrjf, a town of Silrlla, In the
principality of OppeUi, with a imall
caltle, IS ni VB Oppcln.

Hofinhng, a town of Bohemia, In the
circle of Hechin, frated on ibeMuldau,
ai IT s Hiidwcis.

Ito/enheim, a town of Bavaria, feated
at the conflux of the Manguald with tba
Inn, 34 m sb Munich.

Ho/tj, a feaport of Spain, In Catalonia*
w..b a fort and a citadel. It was taken
by the French in 1693. and in I793> It
Is feated on the biy of Rofes, in the
Mediterranean, 37 nr nb Corona. Lon.
3 7 a, lat. 4a 17 M.

Ho/ettat or Hafchid% a town of Egypti
one of the plealhnceft in the country.
It has a great manufo^re of ftriped
and other coarfe linens; but the chief
bufinefs is the carriage of goods toCairo |
for all European merchundiie is brought
hither from Alexandria by fra. The
rice grown in its vicinity, QtXWAfultanit
is chiefly fcnt to Conltantinople, and iti
exportation to any other place is prohi-
bited. Rofbtta was taken by the Frenck
invaders, in 1798. It (lands on an ifland,
formed by the w branch of the Nile, 25
m enb Alexandria, and 100 nvw Cairo.
Lon. 30 23 E, lat. 31 2j N.

Rq^He, a town of SamogitiBf *vhere
the provincial diet and court of iudica*
ture are held. It is feated on the Du-
biOe, 70 m s Mittau, and 188 ne War-
faw. Lon. 43 4< b, lat. 55 3° »•

Rofiers aux Salines t a town of France,
in the department of Meurte, formerly
Cf:iebrated for its falt-works ; ftfated on
t'le MeurtCi 9 m se Nancy.

Rq/lin, a village of Scotland, 8 m ■
Edinburgh, on the river N Eflc. Here
are the remains of a caftle, on an almofk
infulated rock ; and a beautiful chapel,
which is one of the moft entire pieces of
Gothic architecture in Scotland.

Rofoi/, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Seine and Marne, with a
magnificent c^ilile, 16 m ene Melun^
and 30 SB Paris.

Ro/st a town in Herefordfliire, with a
market on Thurfday. It owes moft at
its improvements and charitable inftitu-
tions to Jobn Kyrlc, commonlf calle4

it'l

R OS

the Man cF Rofs, whofi- brtirvutcnt cha>
tt&vT ii <u iiitcrclliiiKly (icliiH?4tcil by
the prn (<r Pope l-tnir rn t«» the »w
arc the mafTivr rrmaim of Cio(Mlrich
caftk; and near it ar«* ttx' rnhut of
Ftani^kt'ont priory, the chaurt <it which
ik coiivfrtcti into a l).irn. Kof» la (•■atcd
or. an cli-v.ilcd rock, on th«* Wye, ii m
%t iltTcTori'i, .ind no v« hy n f.itndiin.
lii/t, a town fit" Ireland, in the couii'y
ci Curk, an<l iinitrd tu Cork an an fpif-
copal irC' Thf c.ithedr.il fcrvcH alfo .m
•I parochial ch irrh i and the callli* in
ii:idcr the tuiiii laiiil of a governor Tlic
harbour wait turtncily faniou'*, luit ha^
brvn gradually filled up with f.tnd, th.«t
the town IN (link trom itH former fpleii-
dour. It Uaiidk on a bay of the Atl.in-
tici :o m Hw Kiniale. Luii. 8 jU w, lat.

floji, Ne-w, a b<)rou{;h of Ireland, in
the county e)f VVexfoul, fituait; on the
Harrow, ovrr which is a woodeu bridge
into the county of Kilkenny. The town
of Old Uolit i:t 4 in tu the call. New
Kofg fcikls a memijcr to parliament, and
hai a confiJerable trade. Large vclfch
come lip to the (|uay. and the chief ex-
portH are wool, butter, and beef. It is
I ft n\ NK Walerford, and ij w by n
Wexford. Lon. 6 45 w, l.it. 51 Jo N.

lioftino, a ftrontr town of WaplcB, in
Calabria Citra, and an archhifliop's fee-
The adjacent valleys yield oil, capcra,
fafTron, and prppt-r. It (lands on an
eminence, hnrounded by rockx, 3 m
from the gulf of Tarento, and 136 su
NapleR. Lon. 16 38 K,lat. 19 48 n.

Rofslau, a town of Upper Saxony, in
the principality of Anhault, with a caf-
tle ; 'eated at the conflux of the Rofslau
V'ilh the £lbe, 10 m h^^k Zerbft-

Roj'sjbiret a county of Scotland, 80 m
I011K and 70 broad ; bounded on the n
by Sutherlanddiire »nd the frith of Dor-
iiock, w by the .Minch, 8 by Invtrnefs-
fhirc, and e by the frith of Moray and
the couDty of Cromarty, which Ind it
almoll enclofes. It is divided into 30
p.-iri(hetj, and fends a member to par-
liament. The number of inhabitauis
was 51,191 in 1801, and SSyiT'- '" 181 1.
The middle and nw parts are moun-
tainous and dreary ; the v. part is varie-
gated with woods, lakes, and rivers.
The liills feed horfes, beeves, j^eep, and
goats, .ind abound with game ; the
rivers and lakes teem with Hih and wa-
terfowl ; and the loches on the w coaft
are convenient for the herring fifhery.
The inhabitants of the v and s parts
fpeak the Erfe language, which is ulfo
und«r(lood on the b coaft, where, how-
ever, £ngliih is generally fpoken. The

ROT

idand of Lewis is attached to thUcoun.
ty. Tain isthc capitil.

Ht^kvtiiit A town of Upper 8axuny,
in Mifnia, with a good tr.idc in Wool,
flinnel, and cloth) Icated on the Mu[.
dau, 14 ni w Drefdm.

Uojlait a town of Arabia, in ilic pro.
viiicc of ()nian, and the fcatofalovr.
rcinn priiie.' |t \% no m w Malkat.
LtMi. 57 10 I', l.it. t.i 3« N.

liofhtk, a tortirirtl town of \.nmtr
Saxony, in the duchy «)f .Mecklrnburg,
with .1 nniverltty, a good harbour, 4
Kroiig cit.(del, an urfenid, and thrtf |
ehurchei. It is divided into the oKl,
the new, and the middle towns, m\<\
eiirrieii on a largi; trade. It w.is oltm
taken III the 18th century \ the bit time,
in I7()i, hy the I'ruilians. It is leatn]
on the Warnc, 10 n» from it» entrance
into the Baltic, and 3 a kni. Wilmar,
Lull. I a 20 K, lat. 54 lu N.'

HoJl(\ft a town of Kiillia, in the gu-
vernnuMU of Jaroilaul, and an ep^feopj!
lie. It is feated on ihc lake Nero, or
HuUuf, which communicates with the
Volga by the river Kotoroft, 95 m m
Mo(cow. Lon. 40 15 K,l.it. 57 ^ N.

liojlrenant .1 tt)wn of France, in iht
dvpartmrnt ot Cote* dti Nord, 35 m sw
St Rriciic.

Itojirevor, a town of Ireland, in the
county (if Down, with a conndernble
lidt' work and a pottery ; feated on ( ir-
lingford bay, 9 m ssk N'ewry.

Rota, a town and cadle of Spain, in
Andalufia, on the bay of Cadi/. 1^ tn
NNw (.'adiz.

Rolaj, a town of Hindooftan, in tht
country of Lahore, 85 m nnw Lahun*.
Lon. 71 5» E, lat. 3a 4 n.

Rotast a town of Hindoodan, in the
country of Bnhar, 108 m sw Patna.
Lon. 84 o E,Ut. 2438 N.

Roteniergt a town and fortreft of
Franconia, capital of a lordlhip of the
fame name ; fltuale on a mountain, ii
m NE Nurenberg, and 27 ssw Bay*
reuth.

Rotenburgt a town of Swilfcrland, in
the canton of Lucerii, 4 m n Lucern.

Rotenburgt a town of Suabia, in the
county of Hohenburg, with a caftle.
Near it is a famous mineral fpring. It
Hands on the Neckar, 6 m wsw Tu-
bingen.

Rotenburgt a town of Weftphalia, in
the duchy of Verden, on the rivtr
Wumme, 15 m n by e Verden.

Rotenbur^, a town of Germany, in
the late bifhopric of Spire, la ni t
Philipfburg.

Rotenburgt a town of Germany, in
Lower Heflei with a palace, belonging

HOT

tiilbtf prince of llrflc.KhcinfcU ; fcaicd
«)il thr Fulda, 14 m »nt Catril.

tlotf»hurjf, a to«/ii of Braniirnbiirg,
ill the New mark, (iCAtc ' un thr Oder,
14 tn t Crod'cn-

liettuffh, .itown of Franctxiit. in th<?
priru'ip.ility uf Wurt/lxirK. fcated un
the M.»iiif, ij m nw Wurt/burg,

lloth, A town and caftlc of Fraitcunia,
In ihf principality of Anfp.-ich It i*
thr birthpl.tCf of the celrbr.Ucd Oed'-
ncti an<l IhndH at the conllux of the
Koth with tiic Kcdnitz, 18 m « Nu-
renberg.

JUtfiiurj^, a town in Northumlwi-
land, v\ith a niarlirt on Friday, fkatcd
on the ( ()c|tM-t, n m iw AInwtcIt, and
301 N by w London.

Hotfunbetjf, a town of Upper Lulii-
tii, on the river NrifTa, 17 m n Gorlltz.

Huthenburg, a town of Fniiiconia,
cipital of a territory oftho fami- iinme^
It i« I'urroundcd by moats and ram>
parts, and llandiion a mountain, by the
river I'aubcr, from which it it rnpplicd
with water by means of a machine. It
lu< hv«> chnrchri, was lately an irnpr*
rial town, and is 1 j m wnw Anfpach.
Lui). 10 18 E, 1,-it. 49 aa f.

Hother, a river that rifes in SuflTcx,
formi the boundary between that couno
ty and Kent for a (hort fpacc,and enters
tne Englifli channel at Kye-

Itothtrham, a town in W Yorkfliire,
with a market on Monday. It has a
Urge church, and is famous for confi-
dt^rable iron-works in the vicinity, at
.Mafbrough. It is featcd at the conflux
of the Itother with the Don, jams
Leeds, and 139 n by w London.

Roth/ay, a borough of 8cotl.\nd, in
the iilu of Bute, and capital of Bute-
fliire. Here is an ancient caftle, once a
royal palace, which gives the title of
duke to the heir apparent of the crown.
Ithasaconflderabletrade in the herring
fiihery, and feveral cotton works. The
number of inhabitants was 3544 in 1811.
It is ntuate on the e fide of the idand,
and has a good harbour and pier, 80
m w bysEdinburg. Lon. 4 53 w, lat.

55 48N-

Hothweil, a town of nuabia, lately
imperial, but given, in 1802, to the duke
of Wirtembtrg- Two m to the s is
Rothmunfter abbey, where they receive
none but noble women. Kothwtli is
feated on the Neckur, near its fource,
J7 m ssw Tubingen. Lon. 8 37 b, lat.
48 8 N.

Rottenmann, a town of Germany, in
Stiria, with a college of n gular canons,
aom NNw Judenburg.

Roiterdantt a city of S Holland, with

notr

on« of the Ancft harbuuri In the Ne*
iherlands. It is thr molt conndcrablc
place in Holland, for the beauty of it»
buililings, and trade, next to Amfter*
damt and its Inhabitants .ire computed
at 48,000 Its port l» more trcijurnted
than Amfkerdam | and then- irr !<• nuny
deep canals, that (hips may unload at
the very door* of thr warehou(*'S. On
the K lidr of thr city la a large bafin
and dock, for tin* purpofe (»l buiUtitii;
and launching vrHcN employed in the
lervice of thr .idniiralty and the Eaft-
India (onipiny. The townhoufe, the
bank, and the arfenal, arc magnificent.
Some of the h(nirf» are built in the old
Sp.inilh Itylc, with thi- gabl<* end« ein*
battled ill front \ but then* iit a great
number of modirrn brick houf<». which
are lofty and Ipacioim, p.iitictilarly on
th.it magnificent (piay calird the Bomb
Ti-ei. On this i|uay ii a handfutnr
lynagogiie. A tlatiir of Krafmu*. in
bion/.c, tlaiidg at the h)'ad of one of
the canali ; and on the home in whicli
he was born ib an infcription to his ho«
nonr. Rotterdam n-ceived the French
troiipn ill 1795. It is Ifiitcd at the in-
flux of the Rotte with the M. rwe (the
moll luirthern branch of tht Mfuli*) 30..
m N.sw AmIlcrdam. Lon. 4 £9 u, lat
M 56 N.

Hottrrdam, one of the Friendly
iflands, in ^hc Pacific ocean, difcovered
by Tafinan in 1643. I. on. 174 30 w, lat
ao 16 s.

RottingtH, a town of Francnnia, in
the principality of VV'urtzbure, Qtuatc
on IheTauber, 17 ms Wurtzuur^.

Roueftt a city of France, capital of
the department of Lower Seine, and an
archbiihop's fee. It ftandb on the n
fide of the Seine, and is 7 m in circuit;
and (its fix f'uburbs included) is com-
puted to contain 73,oou inhabitants.
The ftreets arc narrow and crooked,
and confilt of wooden houlei ; not-
withflanding which, it is one of the
mofl opulent and commercial places !n
France. Among the public buildings,
the mod didinguidied are, the great
ball of the palace, the old calUe, and
the principal church, ornamented with
three towers. Near this church, which
is not the only remarkable one, is t*^e
public library In the market-place u
the datue of the celebrated Maid of
Orleans, who was burnt here by the
Englifh for a witch The fuburb ot
St. Sever, Htuate on the other fide of
the Seine, communicates with the city
by a bridge of boats, which is made to
open, fo as to admit the paffage of
diipa. Rouen is the birthplace of the

w

iull

' ir

ROX

(w« Camtiltn, ao<l of f ontcMtlc . ft U
•0 m aw AmictM, «nj jo **m FarU.
Lon. f • I, Ut. 49 at V.

iV««/rri«. A town of Orrminy. \n
T^rol, fiPAted nt«rth# Adigi^, «i ih** foot
Of a mountain, on tkc Hvrr l4>n*, ovrr
which it a hHdg*t ilcfvnd- (t by « AroiiK
cliMlet- ll hj« a vrry conflUrra'U tratir
In ^\k, and much t<itMi<*ro !• railed hrrr.
Th<i AiMtr in* w^nf ctefeatrd nrar thla
pl.«Cf , til I ja6, by ihc FiviK-h, wh«) took
ftilftfTKJn of the town j but Ihry wrrc
(tbiigcd I' I <h4ndon it f'lon Aticrwjrd.
|( la ij m • Titnl. Lou. lu jj i, Ut.
45 ^oN.

HowrfM, a late protitico of FrancCt
f J in long ;ind $<j nnud i bounded en
the a by the Crv nne« and OcrAudan, w
by Qncrcyt n by thr fame and Au«
VPrgn«, and • by l<angu(duc It If not
very fritlir, tun fff«f« a number of cat*
tir. and hit minr« ofcopper, Iron, atunut
vitriol, and fnlphur It now furma the
<lcpartmnit of Aveiron.

itovijfHo, * k-^port nf lftri.1, with two

nhiirttooriti a;<d qua'riri; of Tine
It U felted on a peninluu in the
Iulf of Venice. _)6 ni i Cipo ti'lftria.
'^" 1.^ it iC|latl 4S II N.

liovijfOf a town ut' lialv, capital of
Polefino di Kovigo« and 'dhe refidfi ce
of the bifhop of Adria, to the decline
of which town it own iti incrrafe. It
la featcd on the AdigCi 37 m »w Venice.
I^n. la 14 i| l«t. 45 jS "

Houm, a country of Afiatic Turkeyi
extending fronri the Mediterranean to
the Black fca, between Caratnania on
the w, and Di<irbrkir and Armenia on
the c. It includea the ran|iacatci of
Adana, Marafch, and Sivaa.

Rouji/art, a town of the Nethc^
landa, in Flanders, feated on the Man-
del, 10 m If K Yprei.

RftmllilhH, a late province of France,
jo m long and 15 broad ; bounded on
the w br Berdagna, n by Lower Lan<
ftuedoci E by the Mediterranean, and i
by Catalonia, from which it ii feparated
bythePyreneet. Sec Pyrtnetti Eafltrn-

Hoxburjfjh're^ a county of Scotland,
fbmetimeii called Teviotdale ; bonndt-d
on the N by Bcrwickfhire, B and a by
Northumberland and Cumberland, and
tv by the (hires of Dumfries and Set*
kirk. It ia of an irregular figure, and
the greateft extent, in every direAiun, is
about 30 m. It is divided into 3 1 pa-
rifhes, and fends a member to pariia-
inent. The number of inhabitants was
ft4,68a in 1801, and 371230 in i8ii.
The principal rivers are the Tweed,
Teviot. and Liddcl- The face of the
Muntry cxbibiti a rough appearamsf of

RUB

molfVs. hills, and ninuntalns, Interf^r^.
rd with nanow vall«-v«, wril w;ifrrtif,
and fertile In ctrn Th« tnlU fetd %im
ntimbre* of (he«p und cittlr this
county hati it4 n«mi> 'rnm the onc«
ntaKMiAecni city ani caftle of Roxbtirg,
fituate between ihr I'eviot and the
Tweed, nea'ly op^viftte KrlAi . of the
city few traces are now evident | atid
the nilte, near the mouth of IheTc-
viol, i. eiitirely a nitn At this caftle,
in 1 16 , J imca it of Scitlnnd loA hit
life by the burfting ot a cannon. About
a m w from the caltle, nn ihc banks uf
the 'IVv'Dt, if a vllUire cilled Koaburg.
The pretcnt capital uf the cuur,ty u
Jc'l'iurg.

lUAxry, a town of MinCichufrtl*, In
Norlulk county, iidi ttr at the foot of 4
hill, aril lit Ihc rntraiuTi- of the nerk of
bnd leatliiig lu Bofton, a ni a«w of
that io«»n.

Itoj^an, a town of France, in the de-

Jnrtment of l.ower < harcnte- It wn
nrtlfietl by the HugU'iMitA, and lo vi<
f'orouny defended ugainlt Lewit xiii,
n lAaa, that he was obliged to with<
draw his tronui : but he afterward
Aveu>;rd hii dilgracc. by demolilliiig it
lb entirely, that the prrl«'nt place it
merely the fuburhs of the former. It
is (eattd at the mouth of the Oaronnf,
18 m aw Salutes-

/foy/, a town of Frnnce, in the de*
partnfii nt of Somme, a6 m ai Amieni,

Nojk/Jou, a town in Hertford (hire,
w>th a market on Wednrfilay, Part of
the town extendi intu C'amhridxelhire.
Under the market place is a kind of
fubterranean cript, diiK out of the folid
chalk, fuppof^d to he of Saxon con*
ftru^ion. It is 14ms Cambridge, and
37 V London.

Huabon* a town of Wale*, in Den<
bighfhire, with a market on Mond.iy.
In the vicinity arv confiderable col*
lieries. It ftands near the Ellefmerc
canal, 5 m s by w Wrexham, and if»
Nw London-

lluatatit or liattMn, an ifUml of New
Spain, in the hay of Hnnduran, 15 m from
the coaft. It ia ^o m long and 9 broad,
and has a good harbour, called Port
Royal, near the a a end. Lon. di 50 w,
lat. 16 ao N.

ftuhicfH, an ancient river of Italy,
which givcf name to a department in
the French divilioo of that country.
See FiurnettHo-

Rubielot, a town uf Spain, in Aragoa,
36 m SB Teruel.

Rmiier»y a town of Italy, m Mudt*
nele. feated oo tbc Scccia, 8 m mW
ModfBfi.

Hmltiw, I town of Pr«<lll| in tht
^mviitcr of S«mUn<i, formerly tarudeA
with » cifUc now In laini. Hen* « vie-
l«rf w«* otHalii«d by the fenlfrht* of th«
T«'Ufonlc Oxti^i *n ij7<)t "*••' Kiiiftml,
gr«4l ttiili^ot' l.iUniRriU | in m^morv ttf
whith 4 ftonr pilUr w\% tTrtkd. It it
tam v-<«v KiHtiitfflKrx.

HuJ.ijtadi, • town uf I'pprrflaxony,
in • hurmifia, tMpit.il «>f the lJpj)rr
cowniy «>< tSihtvurtxtnirg, with % nnr
CiiAIr on « mmintain. ft hN* manu-
fadiKc* of flannel und fliifl''t, ntul {• feat*
((I t)n thr !<aal, ta in •■ Erturt. I.on.

II ^0 *, \*i. j0 44 N.

tlud*tjlnJt, a town of tlilcfla. in the
priMcipility of Srhwcidniti, with a
minr-<<mce and coppTWorka, fcatcd
oil thr H<ilKr, i6 m w S^ hwridnitx.

Huilthfimt a town of Oerniany, in
the l4te elf i^toratf of Vfenix, celebrated
fur itt winfi j m n ttiiigcn.

Kud'flty, or Httffelfff, ;i town in Staf-
forJihire, with a mirHet on Tuefday,
and manufa^urra of fflt* and hata i
frj'cd on th« Trnit. lo m BkB SfalTord,
iiiil I'si NW London.

l<u4i/lo\ fi'c Hod Jh'

HudkioptHK, a fortiflrd Teaport of
Dcnmaili, and thi; only town in (he
ifland of L^nfrehnd. It has a confidrr*
able trade in corn und pr«virioni. Lon.
II 0 *% tat 55 I w.

Hudolftitftrd, a town of Oermany, in
Cariii'la, with a larxccollei^iat*' church (
Iratfd on the OurcW, in a country pro-
ducing; g(KKl wioci 45 m flK Lubach-

HtulUmtk, a town of European I'ur-
kpy, in Rtil^aria. feated on the Danube,
30 m w JJiliftria.

Hn*% a town and hitiiiwic of SwifTer-
lind, in the cantoa of i'riburg, 13 m n e
Laufannr.

Rue, a town of Frnncc, in the drpirt-
ment of Sontme, 15 m nw Abbeville-

Hnjfaeh, a town of Prance, in the de-
partment of Upper Rhine, feated on
the Rfitliach 7 m « CoJmar.

liuff^e, a town of France, in thr de-
partment of Charente, feated on the
Anche, 14 m n Angontdme.

RMffbjtH town In W.irwickfliir'»,wlth
a market on Saturday! and a cdt4»ra*ed
fchooi, well endowed ; icated on the
Aron, II m hb Coventry, and 8j nnw
London.

Rvgm, an ifland in the Balt'c, on the
C(»IIl of Prtmeninia, oppoiitc Stralfund,
tbe channel between wPofch town and
the idind is not above a irtile wide. In-
cHklin)5 the indention* of the fea. which
we confideraHe, the id iiid is 13 m long
and i8 broad, and ahoundu tn com and
Mttk. It WM ceded to tht; french |tt

RIJP

il«v, fcton .1^^ the lurrmd#r of Strat-
fiiml The chi«f town ia Bcrgrn, n I'l
KiStratluiitl.

liu/frnvm/d, :i (eaport of Further Pn*
merama, the i-hicf plue of the duchy «>f
V\\-iulr!t, with a cattle. Ili-rc i» a i(<mm1
falinon tiili«"y and a nrfnt trade In li'
nen. It 1^ fraied on the Wipper, /) m
from tlu Hattic, and j) na Colb«rn.
Lon 16 171, Ut. 34 ai n.

Ituhlan^l, A town of Upper LtlUlia,
with A trade in Hrti and beer, feaird on
the UHter, i<^ m n by k Dredlen.

Huii, a town of Minurclia, wh>fre lhc
prince h.u .1 p^Uce liirrouiitieil by a
tnick w.ill. It it H'uaie on a river,
which Howa into the Black fea below
Anarghia, 70 in wMw Cutaia. Lua. 41

so K, Lit 4) 5 N.

Hum. an ilUud of Scotland* one of
the llebridri, 7 m w of ihe • e^trcmitr
offlkyr. It i4 8 m long ai d (\ broadf
the furfa :e hilly an«l rocky ; but it fcedt
a conlidciable number of f'mail Iheep,
whofe n<-fh and wool are valuable. TI10
only harb'iur u Loch Skrefort, on the
R coaft, at the extremity of which it the
village of Kinloch. Lon. 6 15 w, Ut.

57 4".

Humixny, a town of Franni', in the
department of Ardennes, i% la aw Uo-
croT.

Humilltf, a town of Savoy, on an ele-
vated plain, at the conflux oCthu Scram
and Neplia, 7 m wsw Anmcy.

Hummeljburjf, ■ t(»wn of Further Po«
merania, with manufaAurct of cloth,
li-nted on the Wipper, 14 m « New
Stettin.

Itumnf^, or HhyttM, .1 river of Wales,
which rile* in Brecknocklhire, and (t-
paratingthe counties ofOlamorgan and
Monmouth, enters the Briflol channel^
to the HE Cardiff.

Hungpour, a town of Hindooftan, in
Bengal. The chief produce of itt fer-
tile didriA is rice, but there is alfomncU
tobacco, und fotne indigo. It is 124 ni
NNE Moorfhedabad- Lon. 89 24 K,lat.

liunket, a town of Weftphalia, with a
citadel, on a hiyh hill, formerly the re-
fidence of the counts of Wied-Uunkel.
It is feated on the Lahn, 14 m inc
NafTau.

Hupelmandet a town of the Nether^
lands, in Flanders, feated on the Scheldt,
oppofite the influx of the Rupel, 8 tr^
tw Antwerp.

Rtipert, a river of New Britain, which
iffijcs from the lake Miftaffin, and flows
w into the »E p«irt of Jtmes tiay. In ita
conrfe it forms it vera! fmall lakes $ and
at iti mouth U the remain of Fort Riv

n

■i

•' I

'J:^^

uus

pert, fotmcrly a (i-itlrmentof the Hud-
fon Bay Company- Lon. 76 58 w, lat.
51 ^ N.

Uuppin, a town of biandenbuig, in
the Middle mark, capital of a circle of
the fame name, which was formerly a
county. It ftai dd on the w fidt of a
Jake, formtd by the rivr Hhin ; and on
th. oppolite lide of the lake is Old
III .pin, with WW ancient caltle, the re-
fidriicc of th*.' former counts, whofe
burial.pl?ce itt at New Kitppin. This
town wap entirely condimid by fire, in
1787, but i-^ r'-'huiit m • hrindlbme man-
nc! and greatly auguu'ured. It has a
coiiiidi rable trade, a mnnufadure of
cLih, and noted breweries. It is 32 m
NNW Berlin Lon. 13 o t, lat. 52 56 11.
Ruremondc. or lioamonde^ a ftrong
town of France, in the department of
Roer, I'lielyof Aiiilrian Gelderland, and
abifhop'ft ler. I has been taken fevcral
times ; particiii<trly in 179a, by the
French, wii uere obliged to evacuate
it foon after, bn^ tuuk it again the next
year. It is fe.i'i-d at the conflux of the
Roer with the Mc-ufe, ia m s Venio,
and a8 NNE Maeilriclu. Lon. 6 4 e,
lat. 51 II N .

Tiufcekt a town of Kuropean Turkey,
in Bulgaria, defended by a caftle. Here
are %o molques, three churches, and a
/'ynagoj,'ue. It is feattd on the Danube,
135 m N by E Adrianople. Lon. a6 50
E, lat. 44 12 N.

Rujh, a town of Ireland, in the coun-
ty of Dublin, with a harbour for fmall
craft on the Irifli fea. The ling cured
here, of which much is exported, is
cfteemed for its fuperior flavour. It is
i6m NNE Dublin.

Rufoery a feaport of Norway, in the
province of Chriftianfand ; feated at the
extremity of a peninfula, 56 m ne
Chriftianfand. Lon. 9 23 e, lat. 584a n.
Rufsy a town of Pruflian Lithuania,
at the mouth of the Rufs, the chief
branch of the Nieinen, 20 m nw Tilfit,
Ru/eljheim, a town of Germany, in
the principality of HeflTc-Darmftadt,
fituate on the Maine, 6 m e Mentz,
and 13 NW Darmftadt.

Ruffet/t a town of France, in the
department of Doubs, near the river
Doubs, 34 m E by s Befan^on.

RuJ^a, a vaft empire, partly in Afia,
and partly in Europe ; bounded on the
N by the Frozen ocean, e by the Pacific
ocean, s by Great Tartary, the Cafpian
fea, Perfia, Turkey in A Ha, and the
Black fea, and v» by Turkey in Europe,
Poland, the Baltic fea, and Sweden.
TTiere were three countries that had the
name of Ruflla ; namely, Red Ruflia,

RUS
which formed the s part of Poland ;
White Ruflia, which comprehended the
b part of Lithuania; and Black KnlTu,
which included the governments •H Ka-
luga, Mofcow, Tula, Rezan, VoU)Uimir,
andjaroilaiil; andhence his imperi.il ma*
jefty takoh the title of emperor of all the
RulTia.s Thi.i empire, cxclufive of the
late acqiiifitions fri<ni the Turks and
from Poland doe Poland) forms a fquare,
whofe lidcs are ar-oo m each A country
of fuch raft extent muft lie in different
climates, and the iuil and produAs
muft be ah different i but not a third
of the country is I'ufficienfly peopled,
or properly cultivated Tin moft fcr.
tile part is near.fhe frontier- of Poland,
where the inhabitants can I'upply their
neighbours with corn : the n part is
not only more cold, but very marlhy,
a.id overrun with forefts, inhabited
chiefly by wild bafts. The whole
country is well watered by lakes and
numerous rivers, which abound with
fifli; the principal rivers are the Dnieper,
Volga, Don, Dvvina, and Oby. Medi'
cinal and faJine fprings are not uncom>
mon ; and there are mines of fine filver,
copper, iron, and other minerals. The
red and black juchte, or Ruffia leather,
for colour, fmell, and foftnefs, cannot
be equalled in any other part of the
world; and there are manufactures of
linen, woollen ftuffs, velvet, and filk:
alfo brafs, iron, fteel, and tin are
wrought ; and great guns, arms, wire,
cordage, canvas, paper, parchment,
candles, faltpetre, gunpowder, glafs,
&c. are made in Ruflia. This country
affords a variety of commodities that
are of great ufe 10 foreigners, and as its
exports greatly exceed the imports,
there is a confiderable annual balance
of trade iti its fav'>ur The home com-
modities are (n es, black furs, the
flcins of black and white foxes, ermines,
hyenas, lynxes, bears, panthers, wolves.
martens, white hares, &c. likewife Ruf-
fia leather and linen, copper, iron, talc,
tallow, wax, honey, corn, potafli, tar,
linfeed and train oil, caftor, ilinglafs,
hemp, flax, thread, Siberian muik,
foap, feathers, timber, &c. To thefe
commodities may be added almoft all
the merchandife of China, India, Perfia,
Turkey, and fome European countries.
This extenfive empire was divided by
Catharine 11 into 41 governments;
namely Peterlburg, Olonetz, Wiburg,
Revel, Riga, Pfkof, Novogorod, Tver,
Smolenflc, Polotflc, Mohilef, Orel, Ka-
luga, Mofcow, Tula, Rezan, Volo-
dimir, Jaroflaul, Vologda, Archangel,
Koftroma, Niznei Novogorod, Kalan,

H us

Simbirfk, Penza, Tambof, Voroncta,
Kurik, Novogorod Severfkoi, Tclier-
nigof, Kiof, Cliarkow, Catherinenilaf,
Cayafia, 'a.atof, Viatka, Perm, To-
bollk, Ufa, Kolivau, and Irkutfh ; all
which 1 e, and Siberia ■ The church is
governed by a patri, h, under whom
are ihe archbiilidps a<id bithups. The
eftablifiied religloi. is tlial of the Greek
chutch; but a confidcrahle number of
Rufiiaii profef< the Mohri'nedan reli-
gion, 'lid n V leatcr number are ftill
pagani The mh vbit'inis of the pro-
vinci'i coiiqucri d from Sweden are Lu-
therans ; and the pruteftants, of whom
there are great numbers among the Ruf-
fians, .1 J alio the papifts, enjoy the pub-
lic txcrcifr of their religion ; but the lat-
ter are iioi fufTered to hang up belh in
their churchei There are many con-
vents for both fexes in the empire ; but
Peter i ordered, that no man fliould
enter on a monadic life before he is 30
years of age, and that no woman (hould
take the veil undt^r 50, and then not
without the licence of the holy fynod.
Tormerly the Rufllans were wholly
employed in agriculture, feeding of
cattle, hunting, and fifliing ; and he
was thought a learned man who could
read and write: but Peter the great
undertook to introduce the arts and
fciences; and, in 1724, he founded the
firft univerfity that ever was in Ruflia,
and an academy of fciences, at Peterf-
burg, fupplied with fome of the b^
profeffors in Europe ; and he alfo in-
vited and eftabliihed great numbers of
excellent artificers. The Ruflians, in
general, are robuft, well-ihaped, and of
pretty good complexion. They are.
great eaters, and veiy fond of brandy.
They fmoke no tobacco, left the fmoke
fhould difhonour the in^ages of the
faints, which they hold in great venera-
tioij ; but they take a great deal of fnuff,
made of the tobacco brought from the
Ukraine. With refpedt to drefs, a long
beard is in high eftimation among the
fair nymphs of Ruflia; and the com-
monalty have dill a great veneration for
this fringe of human hair, notwithftand-
ing the efforts of their monarchs to root
it out. Thofe who retain their beards
retain likewife the ancient drefs, the
long fwaddling coat, either of flcins, or
of coarfe cloth lined with ikins, in win-
ter; and in fummer, of cloth only.
About their middle they have a fafti of
any colo* r } but what they moftly affed,
is green or yellow. They wear trowfers
and dockings ; their limbs are, befides,
wrapped in folds of woollen ftuifs to
liecp them warni) and over all they

RUS

wear boots. Their fldrts are without
collars ; and ^heir necks expofed to the
cold, which arc hard and impenetrable
from this pru^titfC Government en-
deavour?to compel tho fubjedls to adopt
the German drefs; and, the clergy alone
txccpted, none can procure any placo
or favour at court, upon other condition
than banishing the .Afiatic fheep-lkiii
')es. But fo zedloufly attached are thj
.luiti^ude to former manners, and fo
honorably do they edeem them, that a
Rufliun drefled in his beard and gown,
tells you by his looks that he has not
prodituted the memory of his aneedors.
The drefs of the women is the reverie of
the men, both in faftiion and colour;
every part of it being as (hort and tight
as decency will allow, and very gaudy.
It is the lame with that of the Highland
women in Scotland ; both have the
Ihort jacket, the ftriped petticoat, and
the tartan plaid ; and both too, in ge-
neral, have a napkin rolled about their
head : the Ruffian women are, how-
ever, far more elegant and rich in their
.ittire; nor is gold lace and paint want-
ing, to fet off their charms. The young
generation are modernizing thefe antic
vedments ; the ftiff embroidered napkin
is fupplanted by one of flowing filk ;
the jacket and petticoat areofmuflin,
or other fine duffs ; and the plaid is
exchanged for a filk or fatin cloak, in
the cold feafon lined with fur. The
better clafs of females wear velvet
boot?. The drefs of the higher ranks
is after the French ar.d Englifhfafliion ;
and all wear a covering ov fur fix months
of the year. Perfons of both fexes
wear a crofs on their breads, which is
put on when they are baptized, and
never laid afide while they live: the
peafanta" croffes are of lead, but thofe
worn by the batter fort are of gold or
filver. The fovereign of Ruffia is abfo-
lute. He was formerly called grand
duke, which is now the title of the
heir apparent ; he afterward affumed
the title of czar, which the natives pro^
nounce tzar, or zaar^ a corruption of
Cefar, emperor ; from fome fancied re-
lation to the Roman emperors ; on ac-
count of which they alfo bear the eagle
as a fymbol of their empire. The firft
who bore the title of czar was Bafil,
fon of BafHides, who freed his country
from its fubjedlion to the Tartars,
about the year 1470. The title of
emperor was firft affumed by Peter i,
who, by his anions, juftly acquired
the furname of Great, and finifhed his
glorious courfe in the year 17*5. Per-
haps no country ever exhibited, in fo

n

RUT

Ihort a time, tbe wonders that may be
effected by the genius and exertions of
oneman. Peter tbegre.it, at hisaccefnon
to the throne, found his fiibjcfts of all
ranks involved in the grnfTed ignorance
and barbarifm ; his numerous armies
ferocious and iindirciplined ; and he
bad neither merthant (nips n,>r men of
war { which, added to the remctcncfs
of her fituation, rendered tht- influence
of HuflTia in the politics of Europe of
little confldcrarlon. Peter civilized his
barbarous fuhje As, difciplined his ar-
mies, built rities iind fortrelTes, and
created a navy, Thele national im-

Erovtments have hee^i continued lince
is time, and Kuflia now holds a rank
among the nations of the world, of
which human forefinht, at the com-
mencement of the eighteenth century,
could have formed no conception. In
i8iz, this country was invaded by the
French and their confederate allies with
a well dilciplined army of 300,000 men,
under Bonaparte. This mighty hoft
met with little oppofition in the early
part of its progrefs, the Ruflians gene-
rally evacuating their towns, burning
the magazines, and dt-ilroying the
bridges, &c as they retreated : but at
8moIen(k a great ftand was made, after-
ward a dreadful battle fought at Boro-
dino, and then .Mofcow given up in
flames. This facrifice of the ancient
capital, by order of the veteran field-
marfhal prince Kutufoff, probably faved
the empire ; for the French, not being
able to fubfift in the city, nor to obtain
fupplies from without, were compelled
to make a retreat, i>i which, by war,
want, and cold, fcarce 50,000 men
efcaped out of Ruflfia: thefe were after-
ward abandoned by the prefumptuous
chief, who fled in di/guiie for France,
and half of them perifhed- The Ruflian
ofncial returns of taken, toDecember 25,
were 41 generals, 1298 oflicers, 167,510
iion-commiflioned officers and foldiers,
and it^i cannon. Hence aboveio6,ooo
of the invaders loft their lives in this
campaign. Pet rfburg is the metro-
polis of the empire.

Rujhnburg, a town o£ Lower Saxony,
jn the territory of Eichfield, with a
caftle, 9 m w Heiligenftadt.

liufigaden, a town of Sweden, in the
province of Dalecarlia, 23 m ssw
Fahlun.

Rutcheftery a village in Northumber-
land, the Vindobala of the Romans, 6
m N Hexham- The fort has been very
confiderable, and the ruins of it are re-
jnarkabie. Sevc as' wa|j runs on the
middle of the b rampart, and Adrian's

RUZ

vallum paflTes about the diftance of «
chain to thr s of it.

liutherfordt a t«wn of N Carolina,
chief of a county of the fame namt* . It
is fituateoti a branch of Broiid river, 30 m
a by R Morgintown, and 60 w Charlotte.
HutliergUn, a borough of Scotland,
in Lanarliihire, fiated near the Clyde,
3 in SK Glaffow.

Ituthin, or Rhuth^n, a corporate tow«
of Walls, in Denbigh/hire, with a mar-
ket on Mondiy. It had a ftrongcaftle,
now in ruins; and the church, before
the Refornntiai!, iva;. C'lllegiate, The
afli/es for the county are holden here.
It is A imall place, re.ttcd on an emi.
nence, by the river Clwyd, 16 m ^v by
N Wrtxham, and 19a nw London,
Lon. ■? 30 w, lat. 53 ,s ><•

_ Rrt^igiiano, a t<>wn of Naples, in Terra
di Pari, i» m sk Bari.

Rutlam, a town in Hindooftan, in
thr provincr of Milwi, 48 m w Ougein,
and 136 K Amed.^bad. Lon. 74 58 k,
lat. 1) 25 N.

Rutland^ a town of Vprmont, chief
ofacoiutiy o. the fame name. This
town and Windfor are alternately the
fe«t of th< ftate ^gillature. It Is feated
on Otter crtek, 40 m w by n Windfor,
and 57 N by e Bennington. Lon. 72 56
w, lat. 43 34 N.

Rutland, a town of MatTachHfetts, In
Worceftrr county, 14 m nw Worcefter,
and 5ft w Bnl>on.

Rutland/hire, the rmatleit county of
Eiigl.ind, bounded on tht- w and nw by
Leictftcrftiire, n and ni by Lincoln-
fhire, and s and se by Northampton-
fliire It is 15 m long and 1 1 broad,
containing 1 28,000 acres ; is divided in-
to Ave hundreds, and 5? parifltes ; has
two market-towns; and fends two mem.
bers to parliament. The number of in-
habitants was 16,356 in 1801, and
16,380 in 181 1. The foil varies much;
but, in general, is fertile, particularly
the rich vale of Catmofe, which runs
fmm the w fide to the centre of the
county. The principal rivers are the
Welland and the Guafh, or Wafli.
Oakham is the county-town.

Ruttuapourt a city of Hindooftan, in
OrifTa, and the capital of one of the
Wtfttrn Mahratta chiefs. It is 210 n
s by w Benares, and 360 w Calcutta.
Lon. 8236 B, lat. 22 16 N.

Rutzerit a town of Silffia, in the prin-
cipality of Wolau, 20 m N Wolau.

Ruva, a town of Naples, in Terra di
Bari, 16 m w Ban

Ruza, a town of Ruflia, Jn the go-
vernment of Mofcow, 48 in www MoU
cow. Lon. 36 2 B| bt. j5 46 n.

RYS

Huatotta, a town of Hindooftan, in
Hy^rc, 85 m E Scringapatam, and 98
wfl'v Arcot. Lon. 78 6 e, lat> 11 26 n.

Ryatiy Locbt a b<iy of Scotlandi in
llie Nw part of Wigionfliire. The ffa
flows into it throuKh a narrow pals,
which will admit venels of any burden ;
and it nffordH cxccili-nt anchorage.

Rydai-<wuter^ a lake in Weftmorlnnd,
a little to the w of Amblefide. It is a
mik long, fputtvd with little iflinds,
and communicates^ by a narrow chan-
nel, with Gralinere- water to the w, and,
by the river Rothay, with Windermere-
water to the s.

ItydroQfi, a town and fortrefs of Hin*
dooftan, in Myfore, on the river Ilin-
denny, 60 m nme Chitteldroog- Lon.
76 ca E, lat. 1440N.

Rye, a borough and feaport in Suf-
fex. with a market on Wednefduy and
Saturday. It is an appendage to the
cinque ports, and governed by a mayor
and jurats. The church is a very large
ftruaure. On the edge of the cliff is
a fmall battery, and behind it Ipres
tow«r, a fquare building, now a jail.
The old port is To choked up with land,
that it can admit fmall vefieis only. In
1726, a new barbour was opened, in
which velTelfof 360 tons may fafely ride.
The exports are corn, malt, hops, and
other produdls of the country; and
hence are fent confiderable fupplies of
fifli to the London markets. It is 28
m ssB Maidftone, and 63 se London.
Lon. o 44 e, lat- 50 57 n.

Ryegate, a borough in Surry, with
a market on Tuefday. Here was for-
merly a caftle, built in the time of the
Saxons, and called Holms Caftle; fome
ruins of it are to be feen, particularly a
long vault, with a room at the end,
where, it is faid, the barons, who took
«p arms againft king John, held their
private meetings. The roarket-houfe
was formerly a chapel dedicated to
Thomas a Becket. It is feated in a
valley, called Holmfdale, 16 m h Guild-
ford, and a I sw London.

Rytf a town of New York, in W
Chefter county, feated on Long liland
found, 44 m ke New York.

Rymenautt a town of the Nether-
lands, in Brabant, fituate on the Dyle,
5 m E Mechlin.

Rynbacih a town of France, in the
department of 'Rhinf andMufelle, lately
AfGermany* in theeledtorate of Cologne,
to m wsw Bonn, and 37 nw CobIentz>

Rsf'"* 3 t<^w° of Holland, in Over-
yflej, on the river Aegge, 16 m ene
S)eventer.

Rx/wici, atowDof SHoUandy whece

SAB

the prince of Orange has a palace. A
treaty wasconciudi-d here in j6()7, be-
tween England. Germany, Holland^
France, and Spain. It is (bated be-
tween Hague and Delft, 30 m sw
Amfterdam.

Rzeczica, a town of Lithuania, in
the pilatJnate of Minfk, at the corflux
of the ^^'yedfzwck with the Dnieper.
3ft m ssE Rohaczow.

Rzfmien, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Sandomir, 36 m ssw
Sandomir.

S.

Saada, or Saade, a ftrong town of
Arabia, in Yemen, and the refidence of
a flitik. Here is a cuftomhoufe, which
brings in a confiderable revenue; and
manufaaures of Turkey leather. It i«
140 m WNw Sanaa. Lon. 44 55 e, lat*
17 50 N.

Saalfeld, a town of Upper Saxony, in
the principality of Altenburg, with a
caftle on a mouatain. Here are manu-
factures of cloth, and of gold and filk
ftiiifs: it is likewife the mint-town for
the circle of Upper Saxony. On an
eminence near the town ftands the once
princely abbey of St. Peter. In 1806,
prince Louis Ferdinand of Pruflia wai
killed here in a fkirmifli with the French.
It ftands on the Saal, 34 m wne Co-
burg, and 46 .sw Altenburg. Lon. 11
32 E, lat. 50 41 N.

Saalfeld, a town of E Pruflia, on the
lake Mebing, 23 m sk Marienburg.

Soar, a town in Moravia, in the circle
ofBrunn. on the confines of Bohemia,
42 m NwBrunn.

Saarmund, a town of Brandenburg,
in the Middle mark, 6ms Potldam.

Saatz, a town of Bohemia, capital of
a circle of the fame name, which yields
hops of the beft quality. It is fitiiatc
on the Eger, 48 m wnw Piagiie. Lon.
13 42 E, lat. 50 19 N.

Saha, a fertile iiland of the W Indies,
12 m in circuit, inhabited by a few
Dutch families, almoft all ihoemakers.
It was taken by the Britifti in 1781, in
1 80 1, and in 1 8 10. It has no port, and
lies a little to the w of St. Chriftopher.
Lon. 63 17 w, lat. 17 39 n.

Sabanja, a town of Afiatic Turkey,
in Natolia. Here all the roads from
Afia to Conftantinople meet. It ftands
on a lake that abounds in fifli, 60 m
ENE Buria, and 6z ese Conftantinople.
Lon. 29 40 E, lat- 40 30 V.

SabtttKi or SabacKi a town and for>

SAB

frcfs of Etiropcaii Turkey, in Servia.
It wuR taken by the Auftrians in i;i9.
Jt is (ituate on the Dravei 2z m s Pe<
terwardein, and a8 w Belgrade.

Sabbah, a town of Fe/7.ait, noted for
the extenflve remains of a caRIe and
other edifices in its vicinity; (bated in a
rich country, 40 m N Mourzouk.
Sabi \ fee XavUr.

Sabiaf a kingdom on the coaft of Caf-
freria, bounded on the n by Sofala, b
by ti\e Mofambique channel, s by In-
hambane, and w by Manica- The
country is fertile and populous, iscrofT-
ed by a river of the fame name, has
mines of gold, and many elephants.
Manbona is the capital-

Sabie, a fe;iport of Denmark, on the
E coaft of N Jutland, at the mouth of a
river of the fame name, 23 m nne AI-
bur^. Lon. 10 18 E,Iat. 57 ao n.

ISabinat a province of Italy, in the
Ecclelidical State, %i m long and 20
broad ; bounded on the n by Spoleto, E
by Naples, 9 by Campagna di Roma,
and w by the patrimony of St. Peter.
It is watered by fevcral fmall rivers, and
abounds in oil and wine. Magliano is
the capital.

^ Sabine, a river of Louifiana, which
fifes in about lat. 33 n, and flous ssk
300 m to the gulf of \lexico hi lat. 29
50. It forms the boundary, in ihi ; part,
between Louifiana and N- w ^paiii.

SabioKcello, a town of D..lmatia, in
the republic of Ragufa, fituatc on the
extremity of a peninfula, to wliich it
gives name. This peninfula runs a
confiderable way into the Atlantic,
having the ifiand of Lefiaon tho n. and
thofe of ('urzola and Melida on the s,
all feparated by a narrow cliannel. The
town is 45 m Nw Ragufa. Lon. 17 40
E, lat- 43 ao N.

Sabionetta, a town of Italy, in Mi-
lanefe, capital of a principality of the
fame name, with a ftrong citadel. It is
ao m R Cremona.

Salle, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Sarte, near whi' h are fome
quarrries of black marble. It is feated
on the Sarte, 25 m ne Angers.

Sabie, Cape, the raoft foutherly point
of Nova Scotia, near which is a fine cod-
fifliery. Lon. 65 33 w, lat. 43 30 n.

Sables ifOlonnt, a town of France,
in the department of Vendue, with a
port capable of containing veifelsof 150
tons. It is feated on the bay of Bifcay,
40 m w Fontenay le Compte. Lon. i
50 w, lat. 46 28 N.

Sablejlarit a province of Pcrfiai bound-
ed on the N by Ca""dahar, e by Hindoo-
ilan, s by Makran, and w by Scgf ftan.

5? A (\

It is mountainous, and little known to
Europeans. Boll is the CMpit.il.

Sabugal^ViXovin of Portugal, in Bcira,
20 m SB Ouarda.

Sacai, a city and feaport of Japan, in
the ifland of Niphon, with (rveral caf-
tles, temples, and palaces, and a moun-
tain on one Hde that ferves as a ram.
part. It is 43 m s by w Miaco. Lon.
136 5 E,lat. 3458 N-

Sticca, or Sciacca ; fee Xacca •

Sachfenberg, a town of Germany, in
the county of Waldeck, 10 m sw Wal-
deck.

Sachfenhagen, a town of Wedphalia,
in the county of Schauenburg, 13 m w
Hanover.

Sachfenhaufen, a town of Germany,
making p^.rt of Frankfort on the Maine.
It is fituate on the 1 fidt of the river,
and communicates with the city by a
ftone bridge, well fortified.

Sachfenhaufen, a town of Germany,
in the county of Waldeck, 6 m nw
Waldeck.

Sachfenheim, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemberg, la m NNwStut-
gard.

San anient, St. a town and colony of
Parajrn ty fettled by the Portuguefe,
and taken in 1757 by the Spaniards, to
whom it was ceded by treaty, in tx-
chanj:;e fo* the province of Uraguay
The town ftnda on th<> river Plata,
nearly oppofif>.- Bnenos Ayres, ice m
\v by N MoDit' Video.

Sacrnpatam, a town of Hindooftan,
in My'orc, on the river Cavery, 73 ni
Nvv Seringapatatn. Lon. 75 5a e, lat.

13 6 N.

Saddleback, a mountain in Cumber-
land, fo called from its fern, 5 m to the
K NE of Kefwick. It is 2787 feet abovi*
the level of the fea ; and on one fide is
an immenfe cavity, once the crater of a
volcir^', at, ihe bottom of which is a
lal:e about 20 acres in dimenfion.

Sadras, a town of Hindooftan, in the
Carnatic, near the mouth of the Paliar.
A little to the n are fevtn pago-
das, hollowed out of a folid rock. It
is 38 m s of Madras.

Sajfy, a ftrong feaport of Morocco,
with a caflle. It was long the centre of
the commerce carried on with Europe,
but now has little trade. It is 16 m s
Cape Cantin. Lon. 8 58 w, lat. 32 s8 n.

Sagan, a town of Silefia, capital of
a principality of the fame name. It has
double walls, a fine palace, a priory of
the Auguftine order, a Lutheran fchool,
and good cloth manufadlures. It is
feated on the Sober, 80 m Nw Bre.''"'J.
Lon. J5 1% E,Jat. 51 4? n.

SACf

Sagar, a town of Hindnoftan, in My-
forci with a confiderable trade in pep-
per, t>etel-nut, and fandal wood ; feated
on the Varada, near its fource, 15 m n
Na^ara.

lHagi^ Harbour, a feaport of New
Yoric, in SufTolis county, at rhe fe end of
Long Ifland. The whale filhcry from
this place produces 1000 barrels of oil
annually- It is ij m nw Southampton,
and 87 B New York.

Sarhalien, or Amoury a river of Chi-
nefe Tartary, which rifes near the Ya-
blonoi mountains, where it is fird
known by the names of Kerlon and
Argun, and forms part of the boundary
between Siberia and Eaflcrn Tartary ;
where it receives the Schilka, and takes
its prefent name. It thru makes a cir.
cuitous eaftern courfe of 1850 m, in
which it receives many other rivers, and
enters the fea of Okotik, oppofite the n
part of the ifland of Saghalien.

Saghalien, or Sac/ialirit an idand in the
fca of Okotflc, extending from lat 46 to
54, or not lefs than ^50 m in l(>ngth,
by about 90 of medial breadth ; fepa-
rated from the continent by the channel
of Tartary, on the w, and from the
ifland of Jeflbby Fcroufe ftrait, on the
s. This ifland wn» little known till
explored by Peroufe, and it is the mod
important portion of that navigator's
voyage. The centre is mountainous, and
well wooded with pine, willow, oak,
and birch ; but the ihores are level, and
well adapted to agriculture. The na-
tives, calk J Ainos, refembic the Tar-
tars in form ; and the upper lip is com-
monly tattooed blue. The drefs is a
loofe robe ot dog or feat flcins, or quilted
nankeen, with a girdle- Their huts are
of timber, thatched with grafs, with a
fireplace in the middle. Peroufe extols
them as a mild and intelligent race;
and be fays that they are quite unlike
the Mandfhurs, or Chinefe- Here are
fome fettlements of the Japanefe, who
call the ifland Karafuto ; and there is a
little trade with the Chinefe and Ruf-
fians.

SaghaVun Ula Hoturit a city of Eaftern
Tartary, in the province or Tcitcicar.
It is rich and populous, and important
on account of its fituation, as it fecures
to the Chinefe Tartars the pofTefiion of
extenfive deferts covered with woods,
in which a great number of fables are
found. It flands on the river Saghalien,
200 m NNE Tcitcicar. Lon. 127 J5 e,
lat. 50 6 K.

S^gona, a town of Corfica, now in
ruins, 16 m kne Ajaccio. Sec Hco.

Sagrcs, a ftroog town of Portugal,

S AI
in Algarva, with a harbour and a fort ;
fcatcd on a tongue of land at th<? sw
extremity of the province, 14 m w»w
Lagos. Lon- 9 o w, lat. 37 a ^J.

Saguenay, a river of Lower Canada,
which iffues from Lake St. John, and
flows E above 100 m to TadouCaci
where it enteri the St. Laurence. It is
navigable for the largeft vcirds to with-
in 10 m of the lake, where it forms an
immenfe cataract 50 feet high.

Sagutitum ; lee Morviedro,

Sa^ur, a town of Hindooftan, in the
province of Malwa. fituate near the
Bunnafs, 87 m nw Gurrah, and 112 s
Agra. Lon. 78 53 k, lat. 43 45 k.

Sa/iagun, a town of Spain, in Leon,
with a rich abbey ; fcated in a fertile
plain on the river Cea, 3a m sb Leon.

Sahar ; fee Shahar.

Sahara, or the Defert ; fee Zaara .

Said, or Sahidf a province of Upper
Hf^ypt, bordering on Nubia and the Red
fea, anciently called Thobaid. It is
the leaft fertile part of Egypt, and the
thinneft of people.

Saida, a town of Syria, in Palefline»
on thecoaft of the Mediterranean, the
remains of the ancient Sidon, with a
fort and a caflle. The name of Sidon
ftill fubfifts in a fmall village, about 2
m from Saida. To the w of the caflle is a
flioal 200 paces long, and the fpace be-
tween them is a road for vcffcls, but not
fafe in bad weather. The fhoal, which
extends along the town, has a bafln en-
clofed by a decayed pier : this was the
ancient port ; but it is now fo choked
with fand, that boats only can enter its
mouth, near the caflle. haida is a trad-
ing town, and the chief emporium of
Damafcus and the interior country.
The manufadlure of cotton is the prin-
cipal employ of the inhabitants. It is
45 m Wbw Damafcus. Lon. 36 5 e,

'at. 33 33 N-

Saintes, three of the Caribe iflands in
the W Indies, between Guaduloupe and
Dominica. The middle one feems no-
thing more than a large barren rock,
but contributes to form a good har-
bour. Lon. 61 45 w, lat. 15 52 n.

Saintes, a town of France, capital of
the department of Lower Charente, an \
lately a bifhop's fee. There are feveral
monuments of antiquity, ot which the
mofl famous are the nrnphitheatre, the
aquedudts, and the triumphal arch on
the bridge over the Charente The
caflle, built on a rock, is deemed .in-
pregnable ; and the cathedral has one cf
the largefl fleeples \\ France. It is 40
m S.SE Rochelle, and 76 sw Poitiers.
Lon. o 38 w, lat. 45 4^ n.

W

«

SAL

HaintfieU, a town of TrctAnd* in the
county of Down, .■^o in nk Nrwry.

Saintonf^e, a late province of France.
Cam long and jo broad ; bounded un
the B by Angonmoii and Perit;ord, k
by Portou and Annii, w by the Atlan>
tic, and R by Bordrlois and Giron. The
river Charente crofTcs it in the middle,
iindit ii one of the rnoft fertile dittriAnin
France. Its horfes arc much eflfcmed;
alfo its U\t, in which it has a confldcr-
able traffic. It now forms, with the
late province of Annis, the department
of Lower (*har«"ute.

Sat, one of the Cape Ve rd idands, 4a
m in ciiriiit, lying to the t of St. Ni-
cholas. It has its name from the num*
bcr of fait pnnds that from time to time
are fi'.IM by the lea, where the water
cryftallizes into a bcautilul (alt, the
chief production of the ifland. Lon. la
56 w, lat. 16 t8N.

Sola, or Salberg, a town of Sweden,
in Wcftmania, near which is a filver
and k'ad mine \ iifated on a river, ao m
K by E WeileraS) and 60 mw Stock-
holm.

Salatio, a river formed by the uniotr
of levfU Mthers that iffiie from the
mountains in the Kwpart ofTucumun,
and flows ssf to the P.irana at St- Fc,
in the province of Buenos Ayrt-s.

Salamanca, a city of Spain, in Leon,
and a bifhop's fee, with a famous uni-
▼erfity, confiftiiig of 34 colleges. The
ftrufture called the Schools, where the
fciences are taught, is very large and
curious. There were formerly 7000
ftudents, when the Spanifli monarchy
was in a flourifhing condition ; and
there are now upward of 4000, who
are all clothed like prieds, having their
heads fhaved, and wearing caps- Here
are magniBcent churches, a targe pub-
lic fquare, fine fountains, and every
thing that can contribute to the btrauty
ani commodioufnefa of the city. The
cathedral is oue of the handrnmcft in
Spain ; and there are feveral fine con-
Tents> with churchesbt'longingto them,
adorned with images, and ibme with
curioub pidurea. It is feated partly in
a plain^ and partly on hills, ami is lur-
jounded by a wall. The river Tormes
waihes its walls* and over it u a bridge
4oo paces long, built by the Romans.
Here, on Aug. aa, 181 a, a great bdttle
was fought between tl.e Britilh and
their allies and the Trench, in which
the latter were defeated. Jt is 85 m «
by w Leon, and lao nw Madrid- Lon.
j 48 v(', lat. 41 A4K.

Salamanca, a town of New Spain^
iii Mecboacan, neatlj,- buil^> and fitual«

8AL

no a plaiPf on the right bank of the
Lcrma. ae m • by w Guanaxuato.

Salamanca de daralatf a town of
New Spain, in Jncatan, with a fort;
feated r.ear the bay of H(<ridurai« 140
m sm Campeachy. Lou. fi 30 w, Ut.
iH ^.^ N.

tialamis \ fee Celturi.

Salanclut a town of Save/, with
a oiifiderabie trade in horfe*, rai.le,
cheefe, woollen f^ufTs, iron tooU, \c.
It is lituate in a mountainous place, on
the river Arve, 31 m su Geneva.

Satankemtn, a town of Sclavonic,
where a battle was cain«>d by the prince
of Baden, over the Turks, in 1691. It
is feated on the Danube, oppoiite the in-
flux of the Teifle, ao m MW Be^grpde.
and a5 SE Petcrwardein.

Sa/arauo, a town of Italy, in Milan-
efr, feated on the Lambro, 5 m wiw
Lodi, and 15 se Milan.

Salaya, a town of New Spain, in Me-
choacan, aj m eie Guanaxuato.

Salazar, a town of New Granada,
fitunte amid craggy mountains, 60 di
NNw Pamplona.

Salberg } fee &l/a>

Salboe, a town of Norway, in the
province of Drontheim, with a copper
mine ; leated at the e end of a lake of
til- fiime name, 35 m be Drontheim.

Saldanha Bay^ a bay on the sw coaft
of Africa, which afTords a moft fccure
and convenient harbour, but wood and
good water are fcarce. It lies i ao m to
the NNW of the Cape of Good Hope.
Lon. iB o £( lat. 3a 54 s.

Saldatinaf a town of Spain, in Leon,
on the river Carrion, 37 m n Palencia.

SaU8o, a town of the kingdom of
Tunis, nenr which are the remains of a
large caflle. It is feated near the Me-
diterranean, 22 m 88E Monailer. Lon.
II 3 E, lat- 35 13 N.

Salee% a leaport of the kingdom of
Fez, with feveral forts. The harbour
is one of the 'lefl in the country, but,
on account of a bar, fliipt of soo toni
are forced to lighten their burden be-
fore they can enter. There aie docks
to build ihips, but they are feldom
ufed, for want of Ikill and materials.
It i« divided into the old and new town,
by the river Gucro, which here joins the
Bu'-i^ri^, oppofite Rabat- It is 80 m
w (ez- L>on. 6 26 w, lat- ^4 2 n.

SflUmt a town of Hindooilan, in My'
lore ; feated on a river that flown into
the Cavery, 120 m sB Seriogapaum>
Lon. 78 15 B, lat. 11 37 N.

Salem, a civy and fc^ort of Mwa-
chuJetts^, capiUl of Eflex county- Ithai
» Ur|;e UTt%u tTAdeiioine (hip-Mul(i>oS«

SAL

ami ftviTal manufaOliirrn. Tlie e^nC
C()[)il ciMirch aiul conrt-houlc ;ir«r rie.
^lut (Iriielurfs. 'I'hc harliour i« de-
I.Midcd by I fort aivl <it;ulcl- IT re are
f^»en '.'dit'ioi. I for pii').;c worfhip, and a
Irul^t: i<io- tVct ioit;,', which ''onin'^tn
ibc t«)wii with U vcilt-y. li is fituate
on a p''iiiiifiil.i, tormi'd Dy two fmill
ii.lcts id'thf IcH, CiWrd Ni)rth and South
rivcrb, 20 rn Mk. Itodori. Lon. 70 51 w,
lat. 431 i'} N-

^SWirm, ii town of Ncv Jerfey, capital
of a county of the fame name. It hiii
thri'c edifices for public worlhipt nnd
ij Ifatcd on a branch of Salem crt-ek, 3
in '"oni its mouth in Delaware bay, and
^7 ssw Philadelphia. Lun. 75 37 w,
Ut. 39 .^7 N.

Sa/em, a vown of N Carolina, capital
of Surry county, on the w fide of VVack
rreck, a branch of the Oargaiis, which
(lows into the Yadkin. It is the prin-
cipal fettlement of the Moravians in
this Aatc, and 30 in N by e Salifbury.
Lon. Ho II w, lat. 36 a n.

Salfifii, a town of Sicily, in Val di
ila/ira, 17 m ne Mazara.

SaUrna, a fortified icaport of Naples,
capital of Principato Citra, and an
archbifhop's fee, with a caftle, and a
univcrfity, principally for medicine.
The cathedral ia de^ >:ated with Ibme
{ood paintings, and hae two ancient
pulpits of marble. The harbour iu pro<
icdtcdby a mule, but is little frequent-
td. It is fcated on a bay of the finic
name, xj m se Naples- Lon. 14 53 u,
lat. 4035 N.

Salers, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Cantal, feateu among moun-
tains, 9 m N Aurillac.

Sfilies, a town of France, in the de-
psitineiit of Lower Pyrenees, where arc
iprings from which fine fait is made. It
is 7 m w Orthcs.

Salignac, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Vienne, 10 m s
Limoges.

Salinas, a town of Spain, in Bifcay,
fcated on the Deva, at the foot of a
mountain, 16 m kne Vittoria, and %%
ssE Uilboa.

Satinet, a feaport on the s coafl: of
Cyprus, and the chief place of com-
merce in the ifland; but the different
confuls and the principal families refide
at Lameca, about a mile to the north.
The citadel is of a fquare form, without
any baftions. Near it is the bazar, where
piovifions and other necelTaries are
fold ; and the ihops around it abound
ivith all kinds of European merchan-
dife. In the vicinity are marihes, from
which abundiince uf f.ilt i» obtained.

SAL

Salines flands 0.1 a bay of its n:imf, t%
m s Nicofia. Lon. 33 j6 e, Lt. 34
5S M.-

Salini, one of the Lipari iflandn, in
the Mf^tliterranean. It confifli of two
inouMtHins joined together at the bale*
and lii's nw of the ifland ot Lipari.

SaUni, u town of France, in the dc«
partmi-nt of Jura, with a ftrong fort,
and famois falt-works. In the neigh-
bourhood are quarries of jafper, alabaf-
ter. and black marble- It is fcated ia
a fi-rtile valley, 29 ms Refjn<;on.

Salijhurif, a fertile dillrict of N Ca-
rolina, comprehending the counties of
Rockingham, Oui'dford, Montgomery*
Stokes, Surry, Iredell, Uowan, Cabar^
ras. and Meckleiibcrg.

Salijbury, a town of N Carolina, ia
Rowan county, capital of the diltrift
of its naiie. It Hands on the nw iide
of Cane creek, 5 m from its junction
with the Yadkin, and no w ot Ralegh.
Lon. 80 34 w, lat. 35 38 N.

Salijburt/, a town of Maflachufets, in
ElRx county, where Tome fliip buildinj?
is carried on ; Icaled at the conflux of
thr Powow with the Merrimact 3 nx
NNw Newbury Port.

Soli/bury, a town of Maryland, in
Somerlct county, with a confiderablc
lumber trade i lituite between the two
principal branches of Wicomico river,
15 m 8ii Vienna.

Sitlijbury, or Duck Creeit a town of
Delaware, in Newcaftle county, and
one of the largest wheat markets in the
flate; feated on Duck creek} lamM
by w Dover.

Salijbury, or Ne<w Sarum, a city and
the capital of Wiltfhire, and abilnop's
fee. with a market onTuefday and Sa-
turday. U flands in a chalky foil, al-
molt furronnded by the Avon. Willy,
Nadi!er, and Bourn; and is rendered
particularly clean by a fmuli Aream
flowing through every ftreet. It has a
fine caihirdral, the fpire of which is thi;
loltieft in the kingdom. The town-
hall is a handlbme building, and ftandt
in a fpacioua market-place. Saliibury
is governed by a mayor, and has manu-
factures of flannels, lindfcys, hardware,
and cutlery. The number of inhabit-
ants was 7668 in I &o I, and 8243 in 181 1.
It is 38 in SE Bath, and 81 w by s Lon-
don. Lon. I 47 w, lat. 51 4 v.

Salijbury Plain, an open tra<5t in
England, which extends from the city
of I&alilbury 25 m E to Winchefter. and
25 w to Shaftfbury, and is, in fome
places, from 35 to 40 m in breadth.
That part of it about the city is a c alky
down ; the other parts are noted \ut
: S

! i

: «1.

ill

t* If ^ ,,

SAT.

fording numrroiis aiul large (locks of
Oicfp. Im *hi«pl,iin are traces of many
Roman -iru. Brinlh .intiquitirs. Om* ol
thcfc, c.<llfd SionrhfnjTc, 6 m n of S.ilif-
buryxonfiftjiot (cviTsllarpc Uoiicsplacod
in it circular foim, r«)m»'npriKlit, others
liori/uiit.illy acrofa tlirm, and ( t" li»ch
criorinniiM h.ilk tha* it hat pux/ltrd many
diligent inquir-Ts to account for ihc
brin(;in(( and pla-ing of them

Sn/liiin, a town of Sfhirvan, at the
m«nith of the Kur, on an illind that is
ctivcrrd with villages The principal
commcrr*' is in (alt j and it has an tx-
tetifivt fiftiery, principally carried on by
UtiOiin Itihjcds. It iii 70 m ssk
bchamachi.

Salm, a town of the l^t'therland*.
late «'.tpital of a count v, in the duchy of
I.uxi'ml)urp, on the b rders of Li<>g( «
with ail ancient r.iftle on a mountain.
It is JO m ssE Licpp, and 45 n Lux-
emburg.

Snlm, a town of J'ranre, in the de-
partment of Mourtc, vitri a cafllc ;
(eated at the fource of the Sarrr, -.6 m
K Luneville

Sahnatt a town of Perfi.i, in Ader
bijan, equally as larpc a^ Khoi and
containing [<:ulpturrd rocks and many
ruins It is 18 m s Khoi, and 72 w by
N Tabriz.

SalmnnJ}er, a town of Germany, in
the principality ofFnlda, on the river
Kinzi 19 m ssw Fulda.

Salot a town of Italy, in Brefciano,
at the foot of a mountain, nesir the lake
Garda, 17 m nk Brefcia.

Salo, a town ot Spain, in Catalonia*
with a fmal! but convenient harbour,
where much of the products of the
country is (hipped. It is is m w by s
Tarragona.

Saloltretra, a town of Spain, in Gra-
nada, with a caftle, and a great trade in
fugar and (ilh } feated on a rock, near
the mouth of a river of the fame name,
la m E Almunpcar, and 36 s Granada.

Salon, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Months of the Rhone,
feated on the can?.! of Craponne, 23 m
WNW Aix.

Salona, a town of Dalmatia, on a
bay of the gulf of Venice. It was for-
merly a confiderable f^aport, and the
ruii.s (how that it was ic m in circuit-
It is 7 m n Spalatro.

Salone, a town of European Turkey,
in Livadia, and a bifhop's fee. The in-
habitants are Greeks and Turks, and it
is feated at the foot of a mountain, on
the top of which is a citadel, 10 m ne
Lepanto.

!Salomca, the ancient ThefTalonica) a

SAl.

city of Curopian Turkey, capital uf
Macedonia, and >n archbifliop'n Ire,
It is 10 m in ci''Ciiiti and a placr of gmt
tr.ulc, carried on principally )y the
Grci'kH .".lid Ji wi, the former of which
havf 40 chiircheKi and the Utter nearly
as nuny lynajjogues : the Turku alfo
have a Ifvv mofc^iifs. The inhabiiuntt
arc computed at 60.000. It is furroiind-
cd by will*, and defended on the land
lide by a citadel, and near the harbour
bv three forti. It was taken from the
Vt'nt-tianH, by tbr Turks, in 14^1. It
iit f .ited at the head of a gulf of the
Archipelago, :)io m w Conftantinople.
Lon. 1.3 5 K, lat. 40 53 n.

Salpe, a town of Naples, in Capita-
nata, near which are fome falt-worki.
It is fttuate on a lake, near the fea, }{
m s Manfredonia, and 91 bni riaplu.

Sal,fj, a town and fortrefsof France,
in the department of E'>(lcrn PyrcnetJ,
feated on the iaki; of Lf ucate, among
mountain!), 10 m n I'erpignan.

^iil/fttf, an idand of Hindoollan,
lyini{ «)(f the coaft of Concan, to the s
of Bombay, from which ii is leparated
by a narrow channel. It is about i),n
fquare, and fertile in rice, fruit, and
fugar-canes. It has fubtcrrancous ttm-
pies cut out of the rock, in the manner
of thofe of I'-lephanta. In 1773, the
EngIKh conquered it from the .Mah>
rattus; and it has proved a Vr-iluable
acquifltion to Bonbriy, which formerly
depended on foreign fupplies for iu
fubfi Hence. The chief town is Tanna.

Salt Lake, a lake of New YorK, in
Onondago county, 5 m long and a milr
broad. It h capable of producing im-
menfe q'lanlities offr'.c It lies half a
mile s of Seneca river, to which it lends
its waters.

Sa!:a, a town of Tucuman, of great
refbrt on account of tbr large quantiiits
of corn, wine, fait, mules, hories, and
other commodities, which are lent hence
into Peru, it is 170 m n St. Michael.
Lon. 64 30 w, lat. 34 40 s.

Saltajh, a borough in Cornwall, go-
verned by a mayor, with a marheton
Saturday, and a trade in malt; feated
on the fide of a fteep hill, near the mouth
of the Tamer, 6 m nw Plymouth, and
320 w by 8 London.

Saltcoats, a town of Scot'and, in
Ayrlhire, lituate on the Atlantic, with
a harbour that will admit veffels of aao
ions. Here is a confiderable trade in
fait and coal, and alfo in (hip-building.
It is 5 m w by N Irvine, and a8 sw
Glafgow.

Saltfleety a town in LIncolnlhire, with
a market on Saturday, fituate on a cieek

8 A r.

ofthp OormiM ocean, :^^ m i:ne Lin-
coln, and 158 N by k London.

Siiltillo, A town oj" Nj'w Spain, in
New Uifcay, (jtuatf on a lofty arid
pliiii, and on tlir confinfn of C iha-
huiUand Nfw litoti, iHo tn vk Du«
ranijfo. Lon mi 1+ w, iat. js i'. n-

Salvadur, St. one ot the ijali.im4
ifland"*. 81 e Uiuinuliani.

Salviiilrr, St. the c ipitd of the Wm^-
dotn of Congo, (r, (lands on a l.irK<^
mountain, whofe (iimmit ia a plain, 10
ffl in circuit, and well cultivitcd The
city ha» i» chiircheu, h< liilt; the cathi'-
dral; iind a larj^fc palace, in wljich the
king and a PortUKUi-li; bilhop reluie.
It is ajo m p.au Loango, Lon. 14 ao
t, Iat. 5 40 8.

Salvador, St. a city of Fliadl, capit il
of the province of All-Saints Biy, nd
an archhifhop's r«c, with leveral forta.
The cath«Hlral \% large; but the mod
fuperb jlrudure is the grand church of
the cx-jt'liiits, built of European mar-
ble, and the internal part exceedingly
rich. The houfes are two or three
ftorie« high, and built of Hone. Th ;
principal ftreecs arc ! trge, but the ge-
nerality are narrow and dirty. In the
royal fquare, is the governor's houfe,
the mint, and the public offices ; and
a'ong the beach is the cuftom-houfe,
dc^k-yard. ftorehoufcs, &c. There are
many gardens, full of a great variety of
fruit-trees, herbs, and flowers. The
chief commodities are cotton, fugar,
tobasco, coffee, gtims, wood, hides,
tallow, and trainoil. The inhpbit-.nts
are eft i mated at upward of 100,000.
It is featcd on an eminence, on the e
fide of the bay of All-Saints. Lon. 38
33 w, Iat. I a 58 s.

_ Salvador, St. a city of New Spain,
mthe province of Guatimala, fitiiate on
a river, which, at the diftance of 20 m,
enters the Pacific ocean. It is 1 70 m k
by s Guatimala. Lon. 89 50 w, Iat.

Salvador de Jujui, St. a city of Tu-
cuman, fituate at the fkirt of a moun-
tain, on a river of its name, which
flows E to the Vermejo. It is aoo m n
by E St. Michael. Lon. 64 ao w, Iat.
:40 s.

Salvages, fmall uninhahi' .J i (lands,
lying between the Canary iflands and
Madeira, z-j leagues n of Point Nago in
Tencriff. Lon. 15 54 w, ht. 30 o n.

Salvaterra, a town of Portugal, in
Mremadura, with a royal palace, leated
on the Tajo, at the influx of the Soro,
35 m NE Liflion.

Sahntgrran a ftrong town of Portu-
m> in Beiia. It was taken by the

SAL

T'renoh In 1704, ami by the uttlei In
i/Oj. It (lands on the frontiers of
Sp.iiii, la m NNW Alcantara, and j; k
by H Cartel Uraneo.

>SWi ttierrn, a town of Spain, in Ga«
lici I, (ctted Oil the Minho, 7 m m k Tuy.

Sitlviitii-na, a lown of .Sjuin, 111
Leon, letted on tin; Torniei, aj m 11
Salamanca.

S^ilvatiryra, a town of Spain, in Bif-
ciy, at tl»e Uhm of M -uni Si Ailnaii,
iH rn KWB Vittoria. '

Sututzo, a lown of Picdmo'it, with
acaillc. The cathedral is magnificent
and rich. It is il ited in .1 friiiitul cjun-
tiy, on a.i eminence near the river I'o,
aj m s by w Turin.

Sti/zti, a town of Lower Saxony, In
the duchy of .Magdeburg, tanvius for
its fait wot ki, featcd near the lilje, it
m SHR Magdeburrf.

Satzburjr, a duchy of Germany, in
the circle of B.ivaria, i - ) m long and
60 broad; bounded on the n by Bi«
varia, K by Auftria and Stiria, s by
Carinthia, and w by Tyrol and Uavaria.
It W.18 an archbidiopric, wliolc prelate
was a fovereifrn prince; but in 1803
the territory was given as an indemiiitr
to the late grand duke of Tu (cany, who
held it as an eletilorate till i8oj;, whea
it was ceded to Aurtria, as a duchy i
and in 1809 '^ was transferred to Bava-
ria It is a mountainous country, but
pretty fertile, and contains mines of
copper, niver, and iron.

Salzburjf, a fortified city of Ger-
many, capital of a duchy of the fame
name, with a (Irong ca(\le on a moun-
tain, auniverfity, and two noble palaces.
Tlie inhabitants are eftimatcd at 20,000.
The cathedral of St. Rupert is very fine,
and cuntaiiiH five organs. The church
of St. Hett;r is ^he oldell in the city,
and near it (lands a Benedidine mona(-
tery, in which is a fine library. An
amphitheatre hewn out of a rock, and
the ducal ftables on the fide of the
mountain called Monchberg, are de-
ferving particular notice. Near Salz-
burg are fome very produiftive falt-
works. The French became mafters
of this city in 1800, and again in 1805.
It is fituate between three mountains,
on both fides the river Salza. 45 m
s by w Pa(rau, and 155 w by s Vienna.
Lon. 13 4 E, Iat- 47 46 N.

Salxkoten, a town of Weftphalia, in
the principality of Paderborn, with »
good lalt-mine, 7 m sw Paderborn.

Sahujlen, a town of Weftphalia, in
the county of Lippe, with a falt-mine,
19 m sw Minden.

Salzungen, a town of Upper Saxony,
aSa

ill

fl AM

In Thurinsla, \rith .1 calU« on %t\ tm\'
nene«*i caili*! S<'i>nip'tfnbiirg, an<1 fcvi»«
Ml r^lt wnrki. It ii letted on the Wfrr^t
lo in * Eifcn.Kh.

Srtltnu*dttt n town of ni.intlcnhiiiv,
Inthr ()l«l mark, with .1 tr.ulr in linn .
anil manufjChim ut' fcr^r anil (\uclc
Ingt t fitua^e ou the Jctxr, 2U m nw
Stiiidal.

Samann, a ff^port on ihf nk fi !•• of
St- Domingo, anil <Mi the N fine

b.iy of it* name It ll.-nul ,.»niii-

fiiUt \\ m long aiul ^ hra.ul , hut the
iniimiis hcliiK a low fw^mp, CDvrrcil
\vith rci'di. It i» lomrtiru'R calU-il nil
in ind. Sani.ina wai takt-n hy the lliitilh
ill iflofl. Lon. 61) xo w, Ut. 19 10 N.

Sitmandrmkif or SamonJrachi, an
lll.ind of tho Archipt'l,i^,'o, Ixtwcrii
Stalimini and the coiU of Rom.iiii:i,
and 10 ihc N of thi' ifltr of Imbro. It
is 17 ni in circuit, and ha» a town of
the liimc name with n fp.-iciuun harbour
Lon

SAM

the province of Carthagena, %o m nr
Carth^gcna I^n. 75 16 w, Ut. 10 4^h,

Sitmhallitt. a multitude of im.ilt iin-
inh.«liitcd llUiiiU oil the n ihorc uf the
.(Ihmuii of Darien.

Siimbrti, a town of Borneo, cipitat
of a kMi^dom of thi' lamr name, ncj?
the w colli. In th«* vicinity di.imoiul*
are found. Lon. 109 o fc, Ui a to n,

Samir*, » il»rr of the NelhcrUndi,
•vhich film ill Picardy, llowi hy Lm.
ilrccy, M Mitnintf, 1 hun, ami Char-
Icroy, andjoiiiithr Mriife.tt N..rnur.

Samhrt and Mtuft, a new depart-
mrn» (if France, including the county
of Ninnir, the iw pnrt uf Lie|(e, and
the N w part of Liixt-mburg. It hui \\%
n;nn«- from two riven- The capital ii
Namur.

Samira, a town of Aftatic Turkfy,
in Irak, on the river Tigrii, 70 m mnw
llaifda<t-

Samtjht, a town of Afiatic Turkey,
in the fingiacatr of Marafch, on the

25 17 v., lat. 40 34 N , . „

Samar, or Tenday, one of the Philip- rivrr Euphratei, 30 m K Marafch.

fitne iflanda. bk of that of Luconia, >;(im<>f//iVi, a province of Poland
rom which it is fipar.tlcd by a ftr.iit.
It is 3 JO m in circuit, and Ih full of
craggy mountaino, among which aic
fertile valleys.

Samara, .1 town of Ruflfia, in the
fovf-rrment of SimhirlK.. fcated on the
Voly.1, 95 m ssr. Smtbirik. Lun. 49 46
It, lat 53 30 N.
Samarang, a fortified town in the

m long and 1 35 broad ; bounded on tlir
N by Courland, k by Lithuania, s by
W PrufTi.i, and w by the Baltic. It 11
full of foreds, and high raountaii>,
which fi-rd a great number uf cattle,
and produce al>iind.-ince of honey- Hcte
are alio very active horfef^ In high
cRccm. RoHenne is the principal tuwn.
Samoj, an ifland of the Archipelago,
N K part of Java, and the moft confider- on the coaft of Natolia, and to the nof
able fcttlement, next to Butavia, in the the iile of Nicaria- It is 30 m long and
idand. It Hands at the mouth of a to broad, and croflTed by a ridge of
river of the fame namo, 390 m k by s hills- It abounds with pariridgei,
Batavia. Lon- 1 10 3B e, lat. 6 $4 3> woodcocks, fnipcs, thrudiei*, wood-
Sainarcand, the capital of Ufbec pigeons, turtledoves, wheatears, and «•
Tarlary, in Bokharia, with a caftle and ccllent poultry. There arc no rabbiti,
a univerfity. It was the birthplace and but many hares, goats, and fonie Iheep.
fe-it of Tamerlane the great, and is now Here is plenty of wheat, barley, and
the refidence of a Tartar prince- The millet} alfo abundance of melonii, Iin-
city faWs Ibort of its ancient fplendour, tela, kidney beans, mufcadine grapei,
yet it is Uill very large, and fortified and white figi, four times as big as the
with ftrong bulwarks of earth. The common Ibrt, but not fo well tailed.
houfes are molfly of hardened clay, The filk, honey, and wax are efteemed;
but fome are of ftone, from cjuarriea in and pitch is made from the pine treei
the neighbourhood. The hik paprr in the n part of the ifland- Here are
made here is in great recjueft, and it fome iron mines, emery ftone ii not
has a coiifiderabic trade in excellent fcarcc, and ochre U common. Moft of
fruit. It is leated near the Sogd, 13B the foil is of a rufty colour; and all the
in tby N Bokhara. Lon. 6.* 15 k, lat. mountains are of white marble. The
39 37 ^- ... inhabitants are almoft all Greeks, and

Samarof, a town of Siberia, in the are not tyrannifed over by the Turks.
government of Tobolllt, icated on the The habit of the women is a veft, after
Irtyfh, 135 m N Tobollk. the Turkilh manner, with a ledcoifi

Samatan, a town of France, in the and their hair hanging down the back
departmeht of Gers, with a caftle on a in trefTes, with tafltls ofcoarfi: filveror
mountain ; feated on the river Save, 6 block tin faftencd to the ends. Samot
m N by E Lombez. contain* feveral villages ; and there are

Sambat a feaport of Terra Firma, in fome remaini of the celebrated temple

Sampjunf a feapor

SAN

rt/ |u«o. The principiil hArhnur Uthat
ol Vitl. on thr n (idc of ihr illaml
Ui. 17 ij », Ut. ij 4(, n.

Samojffdn, oru'f « numtruul and
powrrfui nation ot' Tartar/, but now
JilptTftd. homr of ilu-m .iro ^untl 111
imtll detached bodifs amun^ thr mntin-
tiini to the w of I<.ik»! Ii.iik.il ( oth«T(i
irr Itippoft-'d to bv within the Chintfc
trnntirriii other* are fc^ttercd among
the dcr«rtii whii'h extend aIohk the
Frown «ic«fan 1 and fomc nearly ai far
ti)th«* w aa Arch.tngel. The Srtmnyedei
hive a lirgr head, a flat face, high cheeic
botics fmill eyes, a wide moutlM yi-llow
complexion, flraight black hair, and lit-
tle orno beard. Thty have no longer
the life of horfeii becaule the clinuti* of
thfir prelent country renders their fub-
Vtilenci' impoinble I but they Hill pre-
fervc the manner* of a patlor.d ueopic,
and retain the ufe of moveable liabita-
lioni, with which th»y wander from
pUcc to place. They neitfitrr have, nor
jppear ever to have had, any kind pf
regular government' Th^ir tra<ltiionAl
fong* mention only certain heroc*. who,
in bi'tter times, hd thrir anctllors to
battle. Thefe fong* form tli.ir priijci-
pal amuft-ments ; but the exploit! they
celebrate are never likely to be renewed.

Samfoe, a fertile illand of Denmark,
on the E coalt ot N Jutland, n ni long
and 3 broad. It has a town of the (lime
namr, and the inhuhitants carry on iome
commerce, in fmall vclTcU. Lon. 10 33
i,lat. 56 a N.

Sam/on, St. a town of France, in the
department of Eurc, on the river Rille,
5 m N Pont Andemer.

Samfoutit a feaport of Afiatic Tur-
key, in Natoliu, on a bay of the Black
It-a, at the influx of the Troz7.o, 60 m
K Amafia. Lon. 36 K E, lat. 41 ij; k.

Hiana, a city of Arabia, capital ot Ye-
men, with a caitle on a hil!, in which
are two palaces. The city, properly lb
called, is not very populoiiH ; lor gar-
deni occupy a part of iht fpacc within
the walls, which are 4 m in circuit, and
contain (even gates. Here are a num-
ber of molqut-s, f«»mf» of them built by
Turkifh pachas ; alfo fcverul palaces,
i: public baths, and lomtr large cara-
vanlarics. Fruits are very plenteous,
particularly grapes; and tt • exporta-
tion of railins is confiderable, one kind
ofwhich is without (tones. The city
ftandi near the fource of a river, which
flows s into the Arabian Tea, at the foot
of Mount Nikkum, on which is the
rain of a calHe, faid to have been built
^Sliem. It ife 350 m mke Mocha,

S A Nf
and 490 IV Mecca, tun. 4$ to 1, bt.

13 X4 M.

S4in,>, a town of IVru, capital of «
jurildik'tiun, in thcbilhnpricoi^Truxlllo
It i* i^ludte in a valley, fifrtlle In fruit
•in. I corn, and adorrn-il with the moA
l)e.iutifui floweri, whi-nce it ha* been
fomftime»c.ille(lMiranorl*. It it 90 mM
by w Truxillo Lon. 79 (6 w, l,u. 658*.

Siinaj/>if)ft)ttJ, I town cf IlindooUant
capitiil ot ti circar, in B- >;«l \ (cated on
the Mali.nMd.i, 1(^5 m n Muor(hedabad.
Lon an (0 K, lat. 16 J7 n.

Sam.rrt, a town of France, In th#
drpaiiment of Chr-r The wine* pro-
duced In the environ* are much e(teem«
ed. it is (i'.itcd on a mountain near
the river Loire, aj m nw Ncvcri, aB4
110 N P.trii.

Stimutri, an ifland of China, on tht
coalt of (^lang- tong, famous for bciog
the burying. place of Francis Xavier,
wholi' tomb is to be loen on a fmall hilL
It is chiefly inhabited by (ilberm«n, and
lies 60 m nw Macao.

Sancoint, a town of France, in the
department of Cher, Ivaled on the Ar-
ge-iit, 1^ m sw Never*.

Sanda, one of the Orkney iflands*
about I a m long, but of an irregular
form, and foldom above a mil<? broad-
It lies N of that of Stronlliy, from which
it is rcp.«rated by a narrow cli.mnel.
Much kelp is made hi>re in (ummer,
and it feed* many (hoc-p and beeves.
On the Start Point is « lij^htbout^.
Lon. 2 15 w, lat. 59 ai .

Satula, a fmall ifland on the w coaft
of Scotland, 8 m k of th(> Mull of Can-
tyre, famed for having been the n-ndez-
voUH of the Danilh fleets during their
expeditions to the welttrn coall*. On
it ire the remains of a chapel, dedicated
to St. ('olumba.

Sanelbai-h, a town of Cheflnre, with a
market on Thurfday. In the market-
place are two Iquare (lone croifes, with
emblematicti figures. It is feated on
the Wclock, j6 m E Chefter, and 164
NNv London.

iandftz, a town of Poland, in the
pa'atinaie of Cracow, at the foot of
Mount Krapack, 31 m se Cracow.

Sundhamrtf a feaport of Sweden, in
UplaTid, where all velfels to and from
Stockholm are examined. It ia 10 tn
t Stockholm.

Sandhurjl, a village in Berkfhire, on
the river Loddon, 5 m s by e Woking-
ham. Here is a royal military college,
where young cadets are indruAcd in
the military art.

Sandoy aa illand of Japan, 87 m in

'» \V

S A N

ctrcuiti on the n co-ill of Niphon. It
haa • town of Ihc f4rnr ttiimc. Lon.
l.to to *, Ul. .i« n «.

Santltmir, 4 \\uw$ town of PoIjiuI,
caplul o( a paUtln4l«* of thr U*x\t njrnri
with 4 ciltlr on 4 rtrcti riK-k, Jtul frvcrtil
Cotlc|tr» It ii ri-jrcil oo 4 hill, tiy thr
rivrr Virtiib. ;f in k bv n Cricitw, and
ti) » by B Warfaw. I.on. la o «• lai.
50 n N.

StiHdown. % vill4i;r in llunpriiirv, in
thi* \([< ot Wi){lil| > m ti Ur.utiiiif. It
((•intt* on .« t>«y nf itn iMiiu-t 4111I hm .1
fnrt <rr«,*lr(i t>y llciity vni, winch nuin*
tain* .1 fmill garntiiii.

SaHdujfAl, ,i town c1 Portug.il, in
lUir4, Ic'ttiil oit the Cuu, la m »aK
CiLirda.

Siindv/i't, a town nf lh»' N«*th''rl4ntl»,
in Krilvirii, on the river SihcUlt, la m
K w AntU'Tp.

SiiHilii/kif, a navi^ahir river nf the
flatf of Ohio, that rifr* near thr litiitcrt
ul thf Sciot;i and th«* (lr«'4( Mi imi, hr>
twecn euch of which in a Oiort port.i){e.
It flowH NK, atui enicri the wend of
S.indiilky lay. which is the >w point of
Lake I'.rii*-

Stindujiy, a town nnd fort of the ftatc
of Ohio, on the s liiii' ot a hay of the
fame name, at the sw rnd of Liikt- I'lir.
to which it is niiited by a liiort .ind
narrow (trait- The fort (landu oppolhe
thr gut. Lon. 8a 4.) w, lit 41 50 n.

tiind<wiclt% a town in Kent, with a
market on Wt'dnefday and Saturday.
It is one <jf the cinoiie-porta, goverm-d
by a mayor, and waiird round ; but thir
walls are much dcc.iy»'il, and only one
of the g.ites is ll.tniling. The trade is
much decrenli'd, as the river Siour, on
which it (lands, isfo choked with land,
as to admit only An.ill vcnVli. The
number of inhabitantH in iRio was 2735.
It is 13 m E Canterbury, and ^8 v. by 6
London. Lon. 1 10 k, lat. 51 16 n.

Sandwich, n tou n of Manachuft'l^, in
Barn(talile county, fituateun Barnftabic
buy, 18 m ^K Plymouth.

Sandwich Ijland, an ifland in thr Pa-
cific oct-an, near the w to.ill of Niw
Jri-land. Lon 149 17 t, lat. a 53 ■<<■

Sandwich Ijland, om- of the Nt-w He-
brides, in the Pacific O'can. Lon. 168
^^ K, lat. 17 41 s.

Sandwich Ijlands, a group of iflands
in the Pacific ocean, difcoverrd by Cook
in 177H. Tlu'v aie 11 in number, «'x-
tiMuting from iV 54 to 22 15 N lat.
and fr in 150 54 to i6u 14 w Ion. 'I hey
arc called ly the nativ«^K, Owhyhtc,
Mowce, Ranai, Murotoi, Tahooiowa,
VVoahoo, Atooi, Nceheeheow, Once-

R A Pf
hoca, >'orntinnp, and Takoora, all in.
h.ihilril, rxtcut the l«it two. Th» rh.
miif difltrs (iltle from 1' 4t uf Ihv W
Indir* ill the f«mi' latitude \ hut th<r*
arr no viulfiit winds, aiul thrrr is moft
r4in. The vrituble priMluOliont At%
nrarlv the fame as thole of the other
in.iiuU in thii ocein ( but the t4rii rcvit
is hrri* of A fupi-rior ijuiilily This
br'Mil friiil iri'r« an- not tn fuch ^liuiiij.
ancf 4* in tin* plains uf Otahcili*, but
piiHince double the quantity uf fruit.
The lut(ar C4ncs an* ot a very uniifu^l
(Ix**, fiiine ot iheni nic.ilnriiiK ii iiictii,
in cirt-umfereiice, and having 14 fm
eatable There is alio a root of 1 hrnwii
colour, (liapt'il like a yarn, and fromlii
to ten pounds in w«-tKhr, the juicr ai
which u.MK'Xci lli'iit fitlillitiitefor iugir,
The c|uailruprds are confined to hoyi,
d<>g», .mil r.its Thf fnwU are of the
common Imti the birds beantifnl and
iiiiiiKTous, though not varioui. (ioiit,
piK^, and Euri pcan IVrdii wrre Irtt h^
Captain Cook ( but the p 'llifllon ot th<
goats foun K4VV rife to a C(inl< (t iM-twitn
two diiliK^is, in which the breed w^i
dtltroyed. The inhabitants, in their
pritoiik. I.inguagi', and mannrri, jp.
proach nearrr to the New Zealandcn,
than to their lei'** diftant. iieiKhhoiin,
cither of the Society or Friendly idnuli.
They are, in general, above the middk
ri/< , and well mad)*; and are cxpiblc
ot bcariny great fatigue. Many otboth
li'Xt's have fine open countcnanct-i; »n(i
the wonu'ii, in paiiicular, have (tood
eyes and teeth, with an fng'i(:in); irnli-
bilily of look. Tlurt'isone pt'culi.irity,
charaiili-rinic of every part nf the na?
tion, that even in the handfomrlt hctt
there is a fulntfs of the noftnl, without
any HatnifM or IprtMding of the noli;.
The men lufTer lh«ir bi-ards to erosr,
and wear thtir hair alter various talniDti!.
The ilreln of both fi-xcs nearly rrlenibltl
thofe of Ni'w Zfaland, ami tht-y wfir
nccklacio of fmall varitgited (htlli
Tattooing the body is pradtilcil by
every colony of tlvis nation. The handi
and armb of the women are ailb nfMtly
marked, and they have tlie fingularcuf'
torn ot tattooing the tip ot the ton|u«.
They live together in villages, containing
from 100 to 100 houlc'S, built clofclytO'
gether, witli>)ui any order, and having
a wi-'ditig path between them. They
arc generally flanked, toward the fea,
with detached walls, which are meAnt
both for (helter and defence. Thefc
walls confilt of loofe (lt»ne8, and tbe
inhabitants are very dexterous in ftiift*
iiig them fuddeoly to fuch places as tbe

KAN

Jirci'^ion of thr •ti4cli majr rrqutrf. In

Ih4.- lUlc« of thr hllU lh> y hivr littk
ci*r«, ihr riiiraiic'c ftcurid bf 4 friiiM
tff the Umv kiml t ilidc arc pUt-r* nf
rflrrjt in c^fra of cxircuitly, mul tWAy
be tlrfriiilrd by « Angle p< rfon uKituilt
(tvtr*\ 4(r4lUnt«. Suittr uf Ihr lit)urr»
itt Irtxn ,|o to JO fi'ct long, ind luim
10 to JO broa<t | othf ri arr mrre hovcU.
The ^(mkI of thr tower cUf* coolin*
principally of tidi nmt vrKct4tilrt, l«>
which thr propir of hiK>tcr r4iili .ulil
tlir lldh of h«i|i and dogi. The in.tking
of canoct, mati, &e. formithc OiCiipA*
lion* of tiic nii>n( lh«> women 4rr cm-
|ili)ycU in iiunuU^ttitiiig clkith ( uiid th<t
frrv4iiliarc princip4lly •'ii,(4tfrd in the
pUntitioni, and nIhinK. 'Iticy h4v«;
virioua amufrmeniN, iuch ai dancing,
boxiii)^! wrclUiiiK, \'c. Thrir pljiit4-
tioiM, winch .ire Iprcad uvcr thr Mhnl«-
k-ico.ill, coiilin ol th« taro, or eddy
rooi, and fwn t potatiK*, with pUnti of
tlif cloth tre«*, ftt in row*. They make
Tilt ill great abundaticci and g<Kid cord-
JKC uf all kiniti. The bottoms oi thiir
cjiioci arr of a (Ingle pirce of woodi
hollowi'd out to the thickneii of an
inch, and brought to a point at each
end; the lldi-H confiil of three boardi,
(ach about an inch thick, neatly Hiteil
and Lilhed to the bottom part. Some
of their double canoi-t mrulure 70 ftct
in length, three and a half in depth, and
I a in brea<ith. Their wcaponi arc
fprars, daggrrg, cUiba, and ilingi { and
fur armour they wear llrong matt,
which are not caflly penetrutcd. The
government ii monarchical and hrrc-
Hilary ; but ai the iilanda art* not
united under one foTcreign, wars are
frequent among them. The fame fyf.
tern of fubordiiiation prevail* here ai at
the other idandbi the ahfuluic authority
on the part of the chid*, and unrelHling
iubmifliun on the part of the people.
Human I'.icrifices arc here frequent ; not
only at the commencement of a war, or
fignal cntcrprife, but the death of every
confidcrable chief calls for a repetition
of tlieli: horrid rites. Nntwithltanding
captain Cook was here killed through ;i
fuddcn relciitmcnt, the inhabitants nut
acknowledged to be of a mild and
affedtionate difpofttion ; and in horpi-
tality lo ftrangers they are not exceed-
ed by thole of the Friendly idands.
Their natural capacity feems, in no
refpedl, below ihe common ftandard of
mankind.

Sandnj'tih Land, a defolate coimtry
in the Southern ocean, to the be of the
ifland of Georgia. The mountaini are

fi A V

of a vaft htlfht, ihrlr lummlia wraj ^__
in cloud*, and their bafttacovrrct^ ^I'h
(now lo till* water* ed|(C. It i* dotibi*
ful whether the dtflvrmt pmJeClM'g

!>oinl* ftiriii onr coniirClcd land, or
rvrral dillin^l illaml*. The rnuft li>uih*
• rn ptiint that w.i* lern by C '(,«>». in
i};^, i» till gre4trll • Utiltidr of bud
ever yet rxplurrd, on which accuunt It
recilved tiu ap(M*llaiion of 8ouihern
Thiih'. 1,011 47 4^ w, Ut. jg ii4 «.

StinJif lloti, 4 (null iiUnd on the
CO lit ot New lerfiy, 7 m • of ihr w
end of l^mg Idaitd It wai formerly
a p«'iiinfuU, hilt in i7*Hthe fea brt)k«
through the illhmii*, anii ftirmed it into
an ilLtml. On thr M point It a light*
lioiih- I. Mil 74 a w, lit 40 \o M.

StiHdy I'oinl, 4 feaport ot" St. ChriDo*
nhcr, on the l»w ride of the ifland, in
liK'-trce bay, defended by a foil. Lon.
i>i 18 w, lat. 17 to w.

Sttntn, or (ir/frmtyt a town of Bwir*
fcrlaiid, in the caiton of Bern, with a
i.illle, (ituatc on a river of the fame
name, to m *w Thun.

Siin/ord% M town of ihe diflriA of
Maiim, in York cnuiuy, 15 m n Ber-
wick, and 10 NNw York.

Sii»jfrrhauj/H, a town of Upper Saxo-
ny, in Thuringia, with a cahle, 14 m
>:tK Htolberg.

StinffUfjU, a town of Spain, in Na-
varre, un the river Aragun. 3a m sg
Pamplona.

Sanl^eif^ a village in Lancalhire, a m
w Warrington. It i*a place of traffic,
Oeing feated near the Merfey, frond
which it has a canal to th«* various
works in the vicinity of St. Helens.

Sanortt a country of Hindoollan, no
m long and 70 broad, lying to the t of
Vifiapour .ind n of Myfore. It wai
fiibjctfl to the rrgent of Myfore, but
ceded to the Mat ratt.ib in 179a.

Sunore, a town and fortrefs of Hin-
donibn, capital of the country of the
fame name. It is leatcd on the left
bank of the Toom, 15 in before ita
jnndion with the Nigoudcn to form (he
Tungebadra. On the oppufi'r bank il
iiiiotlier town c.illcd ^anore Bancapour.
It is loj m N by w Chitleidroog, and
1^0 s by K Vifiapour. Lon. -j^ 30 K|
lat. 15 ;j9 N.

Sanpoo; fee Burrampooter, and Teejla»

Sanquhar, a borough of Scotland, in
Dumfriesihirc, with ^ ruined cuitle. It
has a Hade in coal, and' a manufa^urc
of carpets and ftockings. The admira-
ble Crichton was a native oi this place.
It is feated on the Nitht, 25 m NW
DumfrieSf and 53 sw Edinburg.

SAN
Hantr fee Parilla.
Sant 'a, a town of Spaiiii in Anda-
luHa, 24 in 9 Cordova.

ISantander, a llronR fraport of Spain,
in Afturias, and a bHhop'« fee. The
harbonr it good, and lar^^c* enough to
contain a numeroue fleet, defended by
two caflles, and a mole that advances
into the fta. It is 1 1 m n e Santillana.
Lon. 3 47 w, lat. 43 ^^ n.

Sairrimdi-rf Ne<iu, a town of New
Spain, in Panuco, capital of a diflritit,
>vl)ich is thinly inhabited. It Ibnds in
the fork of a river, 40 m from the gulf
of Mexico, but a bar at its moutli pre-
vents the admiffion of veflTels drawing
more than 7 feet- It is las tn n by w
Panuco. Lon. 98 5? w, lat 9.3 46 n.

Saniarem, a town of Portugal, in
Eftremadura, with a citadel on a moun-
tain. In lAio, this place was the head
quarters of a numerous French army,
who, early in 1811, were compelled to
retreat into Spain. It is feated on the
Tajo, in a country fertile in wheat,
wine, and oil, 55 m nk Lifbon. Lon.
8 25 w, lat. 39 iB ^'•

Aanteti a I'iver of S Carolina, formed
by the junction of the Congaree and
Wateree. It flows by Amelia and St.
James, and enters the ocean by two
mouths, a little s of Georgetown.

Santen, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Roer. lately of Germany,
in he duchy of Cleve; feated on the
Rhine, 15 m si Cleve.
Santiago ; fee Jago, St.
Santianes, a town of Spain, in Aftu*
irtas, 17 m ssw Oviedo.

Santillana, a town of Spain, capital
of Afturias de Santillana. li is feated in
a f.uitful valley, near the bay of Bifcay,
96 m E Oviedo, and aoo n Madrid.
Lon. 3 58 w, lat. 43 23 n.

Santona, a town of Spatn^in AfturirtS.
near the bay of Bifcay, with a good
harbour, ftrongly fortified by nature
and art, 2a m e Santander.

Santorin, the ancient Thera, an ifland
of the Archipelago, to the 8 of Nio. It
it in the form of a crefcent, 10 m long
and from i to 4 broad. Between its
two poiiits, to complete the circle, are
the fmall iflands of Therafia and Afpro.
«ifi ; anid within thele are three other
iflands, between which and Santorin is
a road for fhips, but it affords no an-
chorage, on account of its depth in fome
places, and rocky bottom in others. All
thefe iflands are of volcanic origin, but
the three interior onrs are evidently of
much later date. Santori, in propor-
tion to it9 extent, is the richeft and moft

SAP

populoui iflnnd of the Archipc1n|;<r
There are two bifhops ; the one Latin,
whofe fee is ScaurO, and the other
Greek, whofe refidence is at Pirgoi,
near the middle of th»' ifland. Thf foil
is very dry, and far fronn fertile ; but it
produces plenty of barley, cotton, and
wine, in which, and cotton manufac-
tures, the trade conlifts- Fruit is lijarce,
except figs, iind it has only ciftrrn w,i-
ter. The inhabitants are almoft all
Gu'iks, about la.ooo in number, and
though fubjtct to theTurks, they choofp
their own magiftratcs. Scauro is the
cap'tal.

Santosy a fe.iport of Bnifil, in the pro-
vince of St. Paul, in a bay of its name,
on the N fide of an ifland, called .\miaz,
which is 18 m in circuit. It is dtlendt-d
by a rampart, and the entranre of tlic
clianni'l, which lca<!8 from tlu- !iay tn
the town, is defended by two forts.
The town of St. Vincent ftanda on the
s fide of the fame ifland. Santos is 10
m from the fea, and 54 se St. Paul.
Lon. 46 24 w, lat. »j 59 s.

Saone, //-/i.-^r, adepartmentof Francf,
including part of the late province of
Franche Comte. It is n.imed from a
river, which rifts in Mont Vofgefi, flows
through this department. Cote d'Or,
and Saone and Loire, and joins the
Ilhone, at Lyon, 'i'he capital is Vefoul.
Saena, an ifland near the e end of
that of St. Domingo, from the s fide of
which it is feparatcd by a flj-ilow chan.
nel 5 m wide. It is 18 m long and 5
broad, but now uninhabited, except by
fifhermen during the feafon for tortoifts.
It has a port at the R end, fometime}
vifitcdby mariners, who here find wattr,
wood, and wild cattle in abundance.
Lon. 68 35 w, lat. 18 14 n.

Saone and Loire, a department of
France, including part of the late pro-
vince of Burgundy. It is named from
two rivers, which flow through it in
different direiStions. Macon is the ca-
pital.

Saorgio, a town in the county of
Nice, fituate on the tdp of a rock,
which is nearly enclofed by the Roia
and the Bendola. On the oppofite fide
of the Roia is a fharp rock, complexly
infulated, with an ancient fortiel's on
the fummit; and near the town is a
ftrong fort. Saorgio was taken by the
Frrnch in 1794. It is 17 m nk Nice.

Sapienza, three frr. all iflands, and a
cape, in the Mediterranean, near the s
coaft of Morea. The largeft ifland was
formerly caiU'd Spha^eria,and isfanions
in ancient hiftory for a vi^ory oblainod

S A R S A R

by the Athenian! over the Lacedemo- the city was ncrly demolifiied by the

cunlbnt filing of an immctile artillery,
and ahoui 40,020 lliells. In iKij, tlie
French liirrendircd it to the iipai.iards.

nianii. Lon. 21 35 b, lat. 36 50 n.

Saracem, a people celebrated fome
centuries ago, who came from th»' dc-
fcrts of Arabia ; farra in their 'un^juigf
fignifying a defert. They were the lirft
difciples of Mohamed, and, within 40
years after his deaih, cdnquered a great
part of Aiia, Africa, ar.i\ Europe. They
kept pofleflion of Spain till 15 1 1, when
they were expelled They maintained
a war in the Holy Land, a long time,
againft the Wiftern Chriftians, and at
length drove them out of it. There are
now no people known by this name,
for the defccndants of thufe who con-
quered Spain are called Moors.

Saraf^ojja, a city of Spain, capital
of Aragun, and an archbilhop's lee,
with a univrrfity, and a court of inqui-
lition. It is faid to have bee.i built by
the Phenicians; and the Romans lent
a colony hither in the reign of Aujjuftus,
whence it had the name of Coefarea
Augufta, which by corruption has been
changed into Saragofla. liere are many
magnificent buildings, 17 large churches,
and 14 handfome convents, betide others
lefaconfiderable. TheEbro runs through
the city, dividing it into two parts ;
and on its banks is a handfome quay,
which ferves for a public walk. The
Holy-flreet is the larged, and fo broad
it may be taken for a fquare ; and here
they had their bull-fights. The cathe-
dral is a fpacious Gothic building; but
the fined church is that of Nueftra Se-
nora del Pilar, and a place of the great-
clt devotion in Spain. They tell us,
that the Virgin, while living, appeared
to St. Jamet-', who was preaching the
gofpel, and left him her image, with a
handlbme pillar of jafper. This image
flands on a marble pillar, with a little
jfefus in her arms, ornamented with a
profufion of gold and jewels, and illu-
minated by a multitude of lamps and
wax lights. The townhoufe is a lump-
tous ftrudtnre ; and in the hall are the
pidturesof all the kings of Aragon. Sa-
laguffa has few mannfadures, and but
little trade. It is I'eated in a large
plain (where the Ebro receives tvv >
other rivers) which produces all kinds
of fruit in great abundance. A vi(ilory
was obtained here over the French and
Spuniards in 1710, but it was abandon-
ed by the allies foon after. In igo8 it
liiftained a fiege by the French ; but
in another which lafted 63 days, the
Airviving befieged were obliged to fur-
render in February 1809, being quite
worn out by fighting, peldilence, and
fetmine. During this memorable fiege,

It is 150 m w by n Barct luiia. *x\<\ iHo
Nfc Madrid. Lon. o 4S w, lit. ti 45 m.
^(irato/t .T i^overnmeiit of Kullii, t'nr-
irerlya pi(>viin;e of /Mtr.ican. It i. di-
vided imo 12 diilriiff, of which ttiat of
the lame iiniie is the principal.

Sarutof, a fortified town of-Rnni;!,
capital (jt tilt- povcnimcnt of that name.
It is fe.itcd on tlif fide of a moiint.iin,
neur the river Volva, 220 m s Kafan,
and .^00 NW Allracan. Lon. 49 i$ r.,
lat. 52 4 N.

Haratof^a, a town and fort of New
York, in a county of the lame name,
licre, in 1777, an army of Britilh and
Hefiians, under the command of gene-
ral Hurgoyne, furrendeted to the Ame-
ricans. It ftands on the v. fide of Hud-
Ion river, 50 m n Albany

iiarbruck, a town of France, in the
department of Sarre, I'tely of Get ma-
ny, and the capital of a county of it*
name. Here is a handfome palace,
and a magnificent Lutheran church. It
ftands on the w fide of the Sarre, 14m
w Deux Ponts. Lon. 7 5 k, lat. /J9 16 N.
Sariiurg, a town of Franci*, in the
department of Sarre, lately of Germa-
ny, in the elertorate of Treves ; Icated
on the Sarre, 10 m s by w Treves.

Sarburg, a town of France, in the
department of Meurte, feated on the
Sarre. at the foot of a muuntutn, 40 m
E by N Nancy.

Sardam, a town of N H' Hand, where
there are vaft magazines of limber for
fhips and naval (tores, and a p-eat iHim-
her of fliipwrights. Peter the great re-
fided bete fome time, in priva'r, and
worked as afliipwright. S^rdam is feat-
ed on the Wye. 7 m nw Ainiterdam.

Sardinia, an ifl.ind in the M<;diter-
raneaii, 140 m lon^j and 70 broad. It is
feparatcd from Corfica, on the n, by the
ftrait of Bonii^cio, and has 44 I'mall
iflands belonging to it- Exclufive of the
mountains, the chief part of the country
may he regarded as waflt, but where
cultivated it is fertile in corn, wine,
oranges, citrons, and olives. Here arc
mines of filver, lead, I'nlphur.and alum;
and quantities of chcefe and fait are
made. The frequent waftes abound
with wild ducks; but the cattle and
fheep are not numerous, and the nto-
ralTes yield pernicious exhalations. On
the coaft is a filhery for anchovies and
coral. The little iflands abound in
that of Afnaria are a
of turtles. This ifUnal

• m^^

^

'i^

', ! (1.4

game; and iit
greak nunaber

,*

S A R

ha§ undergone" various revolutions: in
1708 it was taken fruin the Spnniaida
by the E.crlifh, and alloUcd to the
emperor of Germany at the pcacf of
Utrecht. T!ie Spaniards recovered it
in 1717, but were obliged to abandon it
two years a'"tcr; and, in 17J0, it was
ceded to the duke of Savoy, .18 an equi-
valent for Sicily. It was then eredted
into a kin^-. om ; but his Sardinian ma-
jcfty continued to keep his court at
Turin, till expelled iVom his Picdmon-
tefe territories, by the French, in 1796,
when this in.ind became the fole rem-
nant of his poflTeflions. The number of
inhabitants is iioi more than 450,000.
Cagliari is the capital.

SareSto, a town of N Carolina, chief
of Duplin county. It is feattd on the
NE branch of Cape Fear river, 80 m n
by w Wilmington.

Sarj^artj, a ^own of Swifferland, ca-
pital of a hailiwic of the iame name,
with a caflle on a rock. There are
mineral fprings near the town. It (lands
on the fummit of a hill, near the Rhine,
14 m N Coire, and 47 se Zurich.

Sargel, a fcaport of Algiers, in the
province of Mafcara, with a caftle ;
ieated on the feacoaft, 25 m ssw Al-
giers. Lon. a 1.5 E, lat. 36 30 n-

Sarguemine, a town of France, in the
department of Mofelle, feated on the
Sarre, 9 m s by e Sarbruck.

Sarh a city of Perila, capital of Ma-
zanderan, and the refidence of a Per-
iian prince. It is furrounded by a good
wall and deep ditch ; and crowded with
inhabitants, among whom are many
merchants who carry on a brilk trade
with Aftracan. It is (ituate in a coun-
try abounding in rice, oranges, cotton^
fugar, and filk, 20 m ssw.Ferabad, and
ISO NE Teheran. Lon. $% 42 e, lat.

3638 N.

Sarii an idand in the Englilh chan-
nel, 5 m long and 3 broad, lying near
the coaft of France, and about 6 m E
from the ifland of Guernfey, on which
it depends. It is naturally ftrong, and
has upward of 300 Inhabitants.

Sark, a river of Scotland, which rifes
in the central part of Dumfrieslhire, and
flows into Solway frith. Its mouth
forms a good harbour, at the village of
Sarkfoot, 8 m E by s Annan.

Sar/att a town of France, in the de-
partment of Dordogne, and lately a
bifhop's fee. It is feated in a bottom,
furrounded by mountains, 37 m se Pe-
rigueux.

Sarlouh, a ftrong tt vn of France, in
the department of Mofelle, feated on
the ifthmus of a peninlula formed by

ax n

the river Sarre, 3a m ne Metz. Lon.
6 4K I', lat. 49 2 1 N.

Sarn.n, a town of SwifTerUnd, ca-
pital ot the canton of Undcrwalden,
car a lake to which it gives name. It
h;id formerly a flri'iig callle, which was
dcftroyt;d by the [)ejr.iiitH in 1308. It ii
9ms Lucern. Lon. 8 14 E, lat. 46 5a n.

Sarno, a town of Naples, in I'rinci-
pato Ci'ra, feated on the Sarno, near its
fource, I a m mnw Salerno, and ao ese
Naples.

Horoj, a ftrong caftle of Hungary, in
a county of the fame name, feated on
the Tariza, at the foot of Mount Kra-
pach, 5 m NNw Eperics.

Sarfi, or Sarpen, a town of Norway,
in t!ie province of Chriftianfand. Near
it is a great cataradt, which may be
heard at the diftance of 20 m. Sarp is

10 m wsw Frederickftadt.

Sarre, a new department of France,
including part of the late electorate of
Treves and duchy of Deux Ponts. It
has its name from a river thajt rifes near
Salm, in the department of Meurte,
flows N by Sarbruck and Sarburg, and
joins the Mofelle, a little above Treves.
The capital is Treves.

Sarreal, a town of Spain, in Cata-
lonia, near which arc quarries of ala-
bafter, fo tranfparent that it is ufed for
windows. It is feated on the Francoli,

11 m M Tarragona.

Sarfana, a town of the ftate of Ge*
noa, with a fortrefs ; and near it is a fort
in the mountains called Sarfanello- It
ftands on the river Magra, 5 m from its
mouth, and 45 ese Genoa. Lou. 9 58
E, lat. 44 9 N.

Sar/ina, a town of Italy, in Romagnai
on the river Savio, ii m wsw Rimini.

Sartt a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
Natolia. It was the ancient Sardis, ca-
pital of Lydia ; and under the Roman*
was a large city, but almoft deft.royed
by an earthquake in the reign of Tibe-
rius. Here are many remnants of maf-
iive buildings, a mofque that was for-
merly a Chriftian church, and a large
caravanfary. The inhabitants are chiefly
Ibepherds, who feed their fl'^cks in the
adjacent plains. It is 35 m L^JESmyrna.

Sartct a department of France, in-
cluding part of the late province of
jVJaine. It takes its name from a river,
which flows by Mans to Angers, where
it joins the Mayenne. The capital
is Mans.

Sarvatt a town and fortrefs of Hun*
gary, at the conflux of the Guntz with
the Raab, 40 m sse Prefburg.

Saruntt 0/d, a borough in Wiltftiire,
which is now reduced to a fingle houfe.

SAT

It once covered the funimit of a deep
hill* and was llongly luititied ; but
iiuthint^ is to \k i en except the ruins
and trtices ot th» whIIb. It is 4 in N
New Sarum, or Sai fbury.

Sariutrden, a tnwii of France, in the
tlcpartmcnt of Mufellc, feaitd on the
Siure, ^\ m wnw Hagucnau, and 45
m BNfc Nancy.

Sai van (ilient, a town and fortrcfs
of the Netherlands, in FlanJciM, fituate
on the canal from Ghent to ihi; river
Scheldt, ;ind fortified with fliiices, by
means of which the country can iie laid
under water. It was built l)y tht; in-
habilanf* of Ghent, :,% a bui>v;irk to
that city, but was taken in i6'')4, by the
Dutch, from whom the Trench took it
in i747> and again in 1794. It is 10 m
N Ghent.

Safer am, ' ^ town of Hindooftan. in
Hahar, lirated at the foot of a mountain,
near a lake, 64 m se Benares, and 88
sw Patna.

Sajfafrast a town of Maryland, in
Kent county, on a river of the fame
name, near itR entrance into Chelapeake
bay, aom s Elkton.

Sajiari, a city of Sardinia, and an
archbilhop's fee, with a caftle and a
nniverfity. Here is a fountain called
Roflel, fuid to be more magniticent than
the beft at Rome. In the neighbour-
hood are mines of gold and filver,
whence the city is lomctimes called
Logudori. It is feated on the Torres, 7
m from the fea, and 64 N Oriftagni.
Lon. 8 45 E, lat- 40 48 n.

Sajbulot a town of Italy, in Mode-
nefe, with a caftle, feated on the Seccia,
10 m sw Modena.

Sajiagoy a town of Spain, in Aragon,
feated on the Ebro, 40 m se Saragolfa.

Satal'm, or AtUalia, a ftrong feaport
of Afiatic Turkey, in Caramania. It is
divided into three towns, and has a
fupcrb mofque, which was formerly a
church. The country around is fertile;
and the citrons and oranges are ex-
tremely fine. The chief trade is in wool,
cotton, goats hair, agaric, tragacanth,
opium, and bees wax. It is featt-d on a
gulf of the Mediterranean, to which it
gives name, 150 m sw Cogni. Lon. 31
21 E,lat. 37 I N.

Sater, a town of Sweden, in Dale-
carlia, near which is a rich iron mine,
S3 m 8 by K Falilun.

Satgong, or Hatagong, a village of
Hindooftan, in Bengal, on a crtek of
Hoogly river, 4 m nw Hoogly. In the
i6th century k was a city, in which the
European traders in Bengal had their
fadories.

S AU

Satimangnhm, a town of Hindoo*
ftun, in th»' province of Coiinijetorct
with a large ftoiie fort, nnd a confider-
abk temple. It has manufadlure!* of
cotton riot lis, ami a great trade to Se-
ringapat.im. it is feated near the Bha-
vvani. 30 m w Bhawanikudal, and 75
.ssK Scriiigapatam.

Satriano, a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Ultra, feated near the fta, 8 nti s
Squiliace.

SatUirahy a town and fort of Hin-
dooftan, in the piovincc of Viliapour,
formerly the capital of the Mahratta
Ifate. It is fitu ite near the fource of
the K'^lnah, 50 in s Poonah, and 77 w
Viii.ipour. Lon. 74 8 k, lat 17 45 N.

Stittfagala, a tiwn of Hindooftan, in
the priAiiice if Coiml)etore, with a fort
of confiderable fi/.e. It ftands near the
(avery, wliich 3 m below forms an
ifland 9 m long, with cataraJls on each
fide. It is 36 m SE Seringapatam

Sava, a town of Perfia, in Irak, fur-
rounded by walls of earti . The en-
virons produce exquifite fruit, and
abundance of ric< and cotton, in which
it has .1 coiiftderablc trade. It is 60 m
sw Teheran.

Savage Ijle, an ifland in the Pacific
ocean, 35 m in circuit, difcovered by
Cook in 1774. It reccivrd this name from
the rude and inhofpitable behaviour of
the inhabitants, who were ftout well-
made men, naked except round the
waift ; fome of them had their face*
breaft, and thighs painter*. It is of a
round form, and appeared to be covered
with trees, fhrubs, &c. Lon. 169 30 w,
lat. 19 a s.

Savanna, a river of the United States,
which forms a part of the divifional line
that feparaies Georgia from S Carolina.
It is navigable for boats of 100 feet ktel
from Augufta to Savanna, and thence
for large veflels to its entrance into the
Atlantic ocean, atTybe idandjon which
isalighthouftr. Lon. 8040W, lat.3i $7^'
Savanna, a town of the ftate of
Georgia, chief of Chatham county, and
formt- rly the capital of the ftate. More
than two thirds of the town was de-
ftroycd by fire in 1796. It is regularl/
built Ml the form of a parallelogram,
and feated on a high fandy bluff, by the
s fide of a river of the fame name, 17 m
from its mouth, and 100 be Louifviile.
L'lU. 80 57 w,lat. 31 57 N.
Savatopoli ; fee SebajUpolis.
Sauceda a town of New Spain, in
Ni w Bifcay, on a river of the fame
name, which joins the Naflfas to form
thePalmas. It is 100 m NNvrDuran-
£0. Lon. 105 36 w, lat. 25 18 n.

3

■ i

.^f

k

■f 1 <f:|!

f W'

1 m'

I-

U

w '

w

i

w :

'l

%

IkHi

S AV

Savf, a river that rifcii in Germany,
on the NW confine!) of Carniola, runs R
through that country, frparatci ^icla-
von'iA from Croatia, Borin.i, and Servia,
•nd joiiM th« Dainib(% n<>ar Belgrade.

Savenai/y a town of France, in the
department of Lower Loire, i8 m Nw
Nantes, and 3s w Anci-nis.

Savendrot^t a ftrojig fortrcfs of Hip-
doollan, in Nlyfore. It (lands on the
top of a rock, rifing half n mile in per-
pendiculir height, from a l)are of above
« m in circuit, and divided at the fum-
mit by a chalm that forms it into two
hills : thcfe having each its particular
defciiCfs, ftrve as two citatU-ls, capable
of being maintiiined independently of
the Itwer works, which are alfo won-
derfully Arong. Notwithltanding this,
it waH taken by the £nglilh, in i79j»
after a ficge of irvcn day*. It is 35 m
WE Sf'ringapatani.

Saverdun, a town of France, in the
departm<Mit of Arriege, ieated on the
Arrieee. 2.5 m ssb Touloufe.

Saverre, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Rhine, feated at
the foot of Mount VofgiH, i.i a country
which produces plenty of wine, 18 m
WNw Strafburg.

Savigliano> a town of Piedmont, with
a rich Benedi(ftine abbey, iiated in a
ferdle plain, on the rive;' Maira, 30 m s
Turin.

Savignanot a town of Italy, in Ro-
magna, feated on the Borco, 8 m .se
Cefena, and 10 w Rimini.

Haulgen, or Saulgau, a town of Sua-
bia, 5 m sw Buchau.

Sauliett, a town of France, rn the de-
partment of C6te d'Or. Here was an-
ciently a college of the Druids ; and in
a wood the ruins of a druidical temple
are dill vifible. It ftnndson an eminence,
3,8 m w Dijon, and 46 st Auxerre.

SaumuKi a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mayenne and Loire, with
an ancient caftle, and a famous bridge
over the Loire, confiftirg of la elliptic
arches, 60 feet in diameter. It is a; m
tE Angers, and 38 wsw Tours.

Savolax, a province of Sweden, in
Finland, aoo m long and 100 broad,
bordering on Ruffia. It coniifts moflly
of woods, lakes, rivers, and morafres,
and abounds in elks and raindeers- The
inhabitants are thinly dii'perfed, and
fubCft by cultivating l)uck-wheat,brced-
ing cattle, hunting, fifliing, and making
wooden-ware. Knopia is the capital.

SavoHOt a ftrong town of the terri-
tory of penoa, with a citadel on a rock,
and fcveral fine churches. The Ge-
noefe» fearing that it would hurt tbdr

SAX

trade, mined the harbour, and rendered
it unfit for large velTelji. It was taken
by the king of Sardinia in 1746, re-
ftored in 1-48, taken by the French in
1795, and by them furrendcrcd to the
Auftrians in 1800, through famine. It
is fcatrd on the Mediterranean, 94 m
wsw Genoa- Lon. 8 ao e, lat. 44 18 n.

Savoniers, a town of France, in the
department of Tndre and Loire, near
which are caverns famous for their pe-
trifications. It is ti m sw Tours.

Sa'voi/t a duchy of Europe, between
France and Italy, 83 m long and 67
broad : bounded on the n by the lake
of Geneva, which fcparates it from
SwifTerland, e by the Alps, which di-
vides it from Vallais and Piedmont, s
by the latter and France, and w by
France. The air is cold on account of
high mountains, which are almoft al-
ways covered with fnow ; but the val-
leys arc feitilc in corn and wine, and
many of the mountains yield paRure
for a vaft number of cattle. The lakes
aro full of filh, and the principal rivers
are the Ifcre, Arc, and Arve. 'I'he
Savoyards, from the nature of their
country, are generally very poor ; and
great numbers of them feek a livelihood
in Francf, England, and other countries
in the quality of Ihowmen, &c. The
French lubdued this country in 1792,
and made it :i department of France, hy
the name of Mont Blanc. They were
driven out of it by the Auftrians and
Uuflians in 1799, but regained pofleflion
the following year. Chamberry is the
capital.

Saurungpour, a town of Hindooftan,
in the province of Malwa, 4a m nnr
Indore, and 43 ne Ougein.

Sauve, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Gard, lijated on the Vi-
doure, la m sw Alais.

Sattveterrcy a town of France, in the
department of Lower Pyrenees, with
a ruined caftle, 20 m wnw Pau.

Sauveterrf, a town of France> in the
department of Aveiron, 15 'n swRodez.

Sauveterre, a town of France, in trte
department of Gironde, a6 m se Bour-
deaux.

Sitvu, an ifland in the Indian ocean,
a6 m in length, and very fertile. Lon.
laa 30 E, lat. 1035 s.

Sax, a town of Spain> in Murcia,
near which is an ancient citadel on the
fummit of a rock. It is feated on the
Elda, on the borders of Valencia, 35 m
WNW Alicant, and 42 nne Murcia-

Sax, a town and bailiwic of SwifTer-
land, in the canton of Zurich, with a
callle, 14 m 8 Kheiaeck.

Sflvmundham, a to
a market on Thurfd
JO m NElpfwich an
Saxony, U/>/>.-r, a
bounded on the e
and Lufatia, s by I
conia, w by the c\u
and Lower Saxony,
anil the B.dtic. It
duchy of Saxony,
the uiitrgravate of
gruvatc of Thuringi
of Brandenburg, M
Aiihalt, Coburg,
counties of Barby. •''
burg, Stolberg, an
thf duchy of Pomei
Haxony, Lower, '<
bounded on the e
by the fame and '
Rhine, w by Wettp
man ocean, and n
B:»Uic. It comprel
Magdeburg, Breme
burg, HoUlcin, Lat
lenburg, the princ
ftadt, Ratzeburg, I
bee, and the citief
men, Collar, Mul
hdufen.

Saxony Proper,

Saxony, in the circ

is 75 m long and

on the N by Brand*

s by Milnia, and v

of Anhalt. It is a

ing country, aboui

is cut into two u

river Elbe. Witte

This duchy is onl

dominions belong

Saxony ; he has ;

the greatcft part <

Voigtland, and pa

Mansfeld and Hen

ceffions from Pruf

and IPoland, by th

The capital of his

Drefden-

Say brook, a tow
Middlefex county
the moft ancient t
fituate near the ni
river, 18 m w by 1
95 w, lat. 41 ?o >
Saycock, one ol
«Jivided from Nip
nel. The Dutch
torefide in the 1

SAY

Saxenbur]f% a town of Germany, in
Carinthia, near which aif thre« forts
and a llrong pal's. It is iituate on the
Drave, 38 m w Clagenfurt. Lon. 131)
K, lat. 40 44 N.

Sflxmundhamt a town in Suffolk, with
a marlcet on Thurfday, feated on a hill,
ao m NBlpfwich and 89 London.

Saxony t Vpfur, a circle of Germany;
bounded on the b by Prnni;«, Pi)land,
and Lufatia, s by Bohemia and Fr.in-
conia, w by iho circles of Upper Rhine
and Lower .Saxony, and n by the latter
anil the B.iUic. It comprehends the
duchy of Saxony, or Saxony Proper,
the niurgravate of Milhia, the land-
gnivatf of Thurinjiia, the principnlities
of Brandenburg, Mcrltburg, Niuburg,
Anhalt, Coburg, and Qiierfurt, the
countifs of Barby, Manafeld, Schwartz-
burg, Stolbcrg, and Hohcnftein, and
thf duchy of Pomerania.

Saxony, Lower, a circle of Germany ;
bounded on the t by Uoper Sjxony, s
by ihe fame and the circle of Upper
Rhine, w by Weftpiialia and the Ger-
man ocean, and n by Jutland and the
Baltic It comprehends the duchies of
Magdeburg, Bremen, Brunfvvick, Lune

which is on

S
the w

^A
fide

of thii> I.OI*

131 28 B, lat. 34 o N.

Sayn, a town and cjllle of Germany,
in Wefterwald, which ^iveH name to a
fmall county. It is lituate on the Sayn,
near its conflux with the Rhine, 6 at if
Coblentz, and 50 Nw Frankfjrt.

Sat/pan, one of the Ladrorie iO^a.i.!:^
the pit'afantell and mod fertile of them
all. it is 40 m in circuit, and on the w
fule is a fafe port called Cantanhttda.
Lon. 146 10 E, lat. 15 11 N.

Seamen, u town of Denmark, in N
Jutland, on a promontory of the ['\vnn
na.ne, at the enirance of the paflaga
from the ocean into the Catcgat. Lon.
100 E, lat. 57 38 N.

Scahinova, a feaport of Afintic Tur-
key, in Natolia, with a caftle. The trade
confifts chiefly in wine, raiftnc, com,
and leather. It is 40 m sse Smyrna.
Lon. 27 31 E, lat. 37 54 n.

Scalea, a town of Naples, in Calabria
Citra, formerly a large city, but nowr
greatly decayed- It is feat* d on the vr
coaft, 25 m SE Policaftro. Lon. 15 54
E, lat. 40 o N.

Scoi'itz, a town of Upper Hungary,
In the county of Polon, fiated on the

burg, Holilein, Lauenburg, and Meek- March, 50 m n Prefljurg. Lon. jy 17

Icnburg, the principalities .of Halber
ftadt, Rat/cburg, Hildeiheim, and Lu-
bec, and the cities of Hamburg, Bre-
men, Goflur, Mulhaui'eni and Nord-
hdufen.

Saxony Proper, or the duchy of
Saxony, in the circle of Upper Saxony,
is 75 m long and 62 broad ; bounded
on the N by Brandenburg, E by Lufatia,
s by Miliiia, and w by the principality
of Anhalt. It is a very fertile and trad-
ing country, abounding in mines ; and
is cut into two unequal parts by the
river Elbe. Wittenberg is the capital.
This duchy is only a fmall part of the
dominions belonging to the duke of
Saxony ; he has alfo Lufatia, Mifnia,
the greateft part of Thuringia, part of
Voigtland, and part of the counties of
Mansfeld and Henneberg; befide other
ccflions from Pruffia, both in Germany
and Poland, by the late treaty of Tilfit.
The capital of his German dominions is
Drefden.

Sai/brooi, a tpwn of Coimeiflicut, in
Middlefex county, with a fort. It is
the moft ancient town in the (latr, and
fituate near the mouth of Connecticut
river, 18 m w by s New London. Lon.
25 w, lat. 41 20 N.

Saycock, one of the iflands of Japan,
divided from Nipbon by a narrow chan-
nel. The Dutch fadlors are permitted
to refide in the little ifland of Difnia;

&, lat. 49 4 N.

Scanderoon ; fee Alexandretta.

Scania ; fee Schoncn,

Scarborough, a feaport and borough
in N Yorklhire, with a market on Thurf-
day. It is feated on a high rock, which
has fuel) craggy fides that it is almoft
inacceffible. On tlie top of this rock
is a green plain, with a v.ell of frefli wa-
ter, and the remains of a cartle, built by
H?nry 11. This lown is greatly fre-
quented on account of its mineral wa-
ters, and for fea- bathing; that it is much
improved in the number and bi anty of
its buildings. The harbour ia one* of
the beft in the kingdom, with a com-
modious quay, lt;veral (hip-yards, and 4
ftrong battery. Scarboroujjh has a cor»
fiderable trade, and is much engaged in
the fiflieries. The number of inhabit-
ants was 64:>9 in ;Xo(, and 6710 in
181 1. It is 36 m NK York, and ".14 v
London. Loo. o 10 w, lat. 54 18 n.

Scarborou^hy a town anil fort on the
SE fide of the ifiand of Tobago. It wa»
taken from the French by the Englifli,
in 1793 ; and again taken in 1S03. Lon.
60 30 w, lat. 1 1 6 N.

Scardona, a town of European Tur-
key, in Dalmatia, and a Greek bilh«>p'a
lee. The Venetians ruini-d thr fortifi-
cations, and the principal buildings, in
1537; but the Turks have fince put it
in a ftatc of defence. It is feated oa

V\'*\

it I

sen

the Chcrca, J5 tn nw Sp.ilatro. Lon.
17 I K| lat. 44 39 N.

Scar/iao,i town of Tiifomy, with ,1
CAdIr featcd on the fcacoan, >t in t

Scnrftantt, an ifland in the Mcditcr-
rancan, iH m lonix and 6 Droad, lyinjj
(w of Rhodes. It ii nioiimiiiioim an I
rocky, abounds in c;ittlr;iii \ n;imi', and
has quarries '>f murMi'. T"ic Turks
are mailers <»f it, hut the inh ibitants are
Greeks. The principil town on ihe w
coaft has a R(»od harbour. Lon. 17 4J
B, lat. is 45 N.

Scarpe, a river of Franc*', wliich rifJ's
near Aubigne, in the dtpirrrnent of P.ia
dc Caiai,", pailes by Arra^, Donay, and
St. Aiuand, and enters thf Scheldt, at
Mort.igne.

Scar^fria, a town of Tnfcany, cele-
brated for its ftoel manufaklitures, 13 m
N Florence.

Hcauro, the c.ipital of the illmd of
Santorin, and the iee of a Latin bifhop.
It ftands on a lofty volcinic rock, which
pn)je6is into the road, on the w coaft of
the ifland. Lon. 25 26 k, lat ,;j6 28 N.

Schafhaufin, a canton of SvvilFerland,
15 m lonjj and 10 broail ; bounded on
the w and n' by Su.ihi 1. k by the can-
ton of Zurich aiul the biihopric of Con-
rtance, and s by the fame an. I Thurjiau.
The reformation was int.oduccd here
in 1529, and the religion is Calvinifm.
The country al)Oui<ds in vineyards, and
affords but little corn ; fo that the latter
is procured from Suabia in exchange for
f»ine.

Schafhaufen, a town of Sv^iflerland,
capital of a canton of the fame name.
It is feated on the Rhine, and owes its
origin to the interruption of the navi-
gation of that river by the catara«5t at
Lauffen ; huts being at firft coiiftrndled
for the conveniency of unloading the
merchandife from the boats, by dt'i;rees
increaied to a large town. Though :i
fron'ier town, it has no garrifon, and
the fortifications arc weak. It had a
famous wooden bridge over the Rhine,
which is here near 400 feet wide ; it
was a kind of hanging bridge; for the
road did not pafs over the arch, but was
fufpended from it and almoft level.
This curious bridge was burnt by the
French, when they evacuated the town,
after being defeated by the Auftrian.s,
in r799. Schafhaufen is 22 m n by k
Zurich, and 39 e Bafel. Lun. 3 41 e,
lat. 47 39 N.

Schalholt, a town of Iceland, with a
college. Lon. %% 20 w, lat. 64 40 n.

ScAamachi, the capital of Schirvan,
furrgundcd by a wall and a deep ditch.

sen

It has manufi^nres of filk and cotton,
and i« (upplied with moll Rnflian com.
modities. It (lands In a pUin on the
river .Akliii, 120 m • Derbend, and ty.
Nil Tabriz. Lon. 4)! 30 1. lat. 40

20 M.

Scliardin^, a town of Bavaria, with a
fortified callle, Icated on the Inn, 7 tn
s PUfui.

Sclianutz, a fortifii'd town of Ocr.
many, in Tyrol, which defends a piik
over the mountains, of conliderableim.
portance. It finrenilcrcd to the French
ami Hivaiians in 1H05. It (landrt on thi;
conti les of liavaria, 12 m n Infpruc.

Sc/iiiueuburir. a county of Weltphalia,
K of the principility of Minden. Ills
niountainoiig and woody, but cont;iins
much fertile land, quarries of limcltntic
and frecflonc, and mines of alum, coa,,
copper, and iron. Rintel is the capital.

Schauenjkin, a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Bayrcuth, lO m nk
Culmbach

Schnutubttrg, a town and caftle of
Germany, which gives name to a lord-
Ihip in the circle of Lower Khine. It
is 25 m wsw Wetzlar.

Scheer, a town and caflle of Suabia,
capital of a lordfhip of its name ; featcd
on the Danube, 36 m sw Ulm. Lon. 9
34 I., lat. 48 5 N.

Sclieibfuberf^t a town of upper Sax-
ony, in Milhia, near which are mines of
filver and iron. It is 22 m s Chemnitz,

Scheldt, a river that rifi;s in Franc**,
in the liepartmcnt of Aifne, paffes by
Cambray, Bourchain, Valenciennes,
Conde, Tournay, Oiidenard, Ghent,
Dcndermond. Antwerp, and Fort Lillo,
below whiih it divides into two
branches. One of thefe, called the
Kaflern Scheldt, flows by Bergen op
Zoom ; the other, the VVeftcrii Scheldt,
proceeds to Flulhing ; and both forming
feveral illands, enter the German ocenn.
It gives name to a new department of
France, including the caflern part of
Flanders, of which the chief town is
Ghent.

Sc/iekjlat, or Schleftat^ a fortified
town of France, in the department of
Upper Rhine, on the river 111, 20 m sw
Sirafburg.

Sch/'lla, a town of Hungary, feated on
the Waug, 25 m NE Prefbiirg.

Sch. llenberg, a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in MUnia, frequently called Au-
guftnfburg, from a caftle of that name
Handing on the mountain of ^chcllen-
berg, clofe by the town. It is feated on
the Zfchopa, 8 m e Chemnitz.

Schellenburg, a town of Bivari.i,
where a victory was obtained by the

sen

illiei over the Frmch and Bavarians,
in 1704- It !• u m w Nfubiirg.

Sc/ie//ing, an ill.ind uf liullaiul, ta m
long -md ^ broad, lying at the entrance
of tne Zuidcr zee. Lon. 5 o b, lat. 53

JO N-

SchemnitXt a town of Upper IIiinRary,
one the feven mountai -towns, with
three CTftleij. It is famous for mines of
filver and other metuls ; ;md for hot
i)aths. Near it is a high rock of Oiining
blue ftone, mixed with green and fome
fpots of yellow. It ia 80 m kne Prcf-
burg. Lon. 18 56 e, lat. 48 ^o n

Schi-nckt a fortrclii of Iloll.ind, in
Geldcrland, (cated in the angle where
the Rhine dividcH into two branches,
the Rhino and the VVahal. It is of
great importance, as the centre of com-
munication between Holland and Ger-
many; and is 13 m e Nimeguen.
ScheneSlady ; fee Skeneflath/-
Sc/ieninir, a town of Sweden, in E
Gothland, feated in a fertile country, 10
m SE W.jftena.

Scheningen, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Bruni'wick, near which
is a Lutheran convent, and a falt-mine.
Itis i« m K Wolfenhuttle.

Scheppenjladt, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, in the duchy of Bruni'wick, 12 m
B Wolfenbuttle.
Scherpenhuel \ fee Montaigut'-
Schejburg, a fortified town of Tran-
fylvania, with a callle, 60 m ne Weil"-
lenburg.

Schiedam^ a town and harbour of S
Holland, leated on a canal, culled the
Schie, which communicates with the
Aleufe, 6 m w by s Rotterdam.

Schievelbeint a town of Brandenburg,
in the New mark, with a caftle feated
on the Rega, 17 m n Dramburg.

Schiltach, a town of Suabia, in the
(luchv of Wirtcmburg, on the river
Schiltach, 14 m nnw Rothweil.

Schinia, a town of Hungary, on the
river Waag, all m e Prefburg.

Schintznachy a town of Swiflerland,
in the canton of Bern. Here are fome
tepid mineral waters; and near it, on a
lofty eminence, are the ruins of the
famous caftle of Hapfbnrg. It is (i^ted
on the Aar, 10 m w Baden, and ao se
Bafel.
Sch'tras ; fee S/iiras.
Schirvan, a province of Afia, bound-
ed on the N by Dagheftan, e and se by
theCafpian fea, sw by Perlian Armenia,
and w by Georgia. The foil produces
abundance of rice, wheat, and barley,
and feeds many cattle. The vines are
planted along the hedges, and faftened
to the trees. Here are vaft quantities

SCH

of wild fowls, parfic ilarly pheaCnntst
alio hares in abundance. Schnmachi is
the capital.

Schlrtckenwnld, a town of Bohemia,
in the circle of Sa it/, with an excellent
tin mine, 5ms Carlfbad.

SchUukenwrrth, a town of Bohemia,
in the circlr of Saaf /, with a fine c iftle,
ff';itrd on the VVeifleritz, 7 m nnk
C.irllbid.

Sc/iladra, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the principality of Hildefheim. 11 m
NNR Oodir, and j8 »sr Hildefheim.

Schhin, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Rikonitz, with a caftle. It is
furrounded by walls and vineyards, and
16 m NK Rakonitz.

SchUiiua, a town of Silefia, in the
principility of CJlogaw, on the borders
of I'oland, 18 m n Glogaw.

Sclilawet a town of Lower Pome-
rania, jii the river Wippcr, 10 m wsw
Stolpe.

Sc/i/eit/inijen, A town of Upper Sax-
ony, in the county of Hcnneberg, with
a cattle, feated on the Schleuls, 18 m SB
Smalkald, and 19 nnf Schwcinfurt.

Schlitzt a town of Germany, in the
principality of Fulda, on a fmall river
that rum into the Fulda, 7 m nnw
Fulda.

Schlitz., a town of Upper Saxony, in
Voigtiand, with a caftle, 13 m nw
Plauen.

Schlujfelburg, a town and fortrefs of
Rnllia, fituate on the Neva, near Lake
I/idoga. The fortrefs (lands on an
' illand in the river^ and has frequenlly
been ufed-as a ftate prifon. It is 36
m E Peterlburg. Lon. 30 55 e, lat. 59

55 N-

Schltijjelfcld, a town of I ranconia, in
the principality of Wurtiburg, inCuIat-
ed in the principality of Bamberg, 14
m wsw Bamberg, and 38 e Wurtz-
burg.

Schmalkailen ; fee Smalkalden.

Hchmalenberg, a town of the duchy
ofVVeftphalia, on the river Ltnne, 14
m K Altendorn.

Schm'tedetergt a town of Silelta, in
the principality of Janer. The vicinity
abounds in iron ore, and almoft all the
inhabitants are fmiths. It is feated at
the foot of a mountain, near the fourcc
of the Bauber, 25 m wsw Schweidnitz-

Schmiedeberg, a town of Upper Sax-
ony in Mifnia, 14 ms Drefden.

Schmiedeberg, a town of the duchy of
Saxony, noted for excellent beer, 13 m
s Wittenberg.

Schmolleriy a town of Upper Saxony,
in the principality of Altenburg, on the
river Sprotta, 7 m sw Altenburg.

M

f ■ ' I

i, , • J t

sen

i^r/i»/tk,'rjf, A town <»f Upp«r Saxonyi
It) \lirni,i, with maniitadiirfH of thrcAiit
(ilk. nikl ^ok) anil Alvcr lace In the
riciKhboiirlKUKl are lilvrr mines. Ii is
fitu.itc on .111 eminence, near the Muld.i,
9 in KiK Zwickau.

Sihnlmrie, a town of the flatf of New
Vork, capi'al of A idiiiity ol' the fune
rtnu'. i'he inh;ibita«tii arc chiefl/
Diitih. It ftindn on Sclu)liaric river,
Nvhich run* n into Mohawk, river, 40
III w Albany. Lon. 74 42 w, lat. 41 40 n.

Sclionlfck, a town and callifot' Lower
Siixony, in the duchy of Magdebur|(,
with fitme falt-wt)rk8; iieatcd on the
Elbe, r.' m ssk MagdcWiirg.

Sc/ion/}rrj(t a town and caftle of Pruf-
Ha. in Obctland, 23 m ese Marien-
werdcr.

Schotieek, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Voi^iland, 15 m se I'lauen.

Schoiieck, a town of PrufTia, in Pt)-
merania, belonging to thif knights of the
Teutonic order, 20 m ti Dantzic.

Sc/iouecien, a town of Franc*', in the
department of Sarre, lately of Gerinany,
in the eleiftorate of Trcvps; leatcd ou
tlio Nyms, iH m n by w Treves.

Schonen, or Scania^ a province of
Swcilen, in Gothland, almort furround-
ed by tlie Sound and the Baltic. It is
70 m long and 50 broad, and the molt
level fpot in the kingdom. It produces
ail the neceffaries of life in abundance,
and is deemt-d the ftorehoufe and gra-
nary of Sweden. Lund is the capital.

Sclitngait, a town of Bavaria, fur-
rouiided by a plain wall and fome
towers. The great Iquare has three
fountains of a kind of marble, the pro-
dutit of the coimtry. It ftands on the
fide of an eminence, by the river Lech,
14 ms Landfberg, and 40 sw Munich.

Schonoven, a town of S Holland, with
a commodious haven. It is celebrated
for its gardtus and falmon Hlhcry, and
felted ou the Leek, 14 m e by n Rot-
terdam.

Schorndorf, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of WirtorHburg, wiib a Itrong
calllc. Here are fait fprinns, from
which much ihlt is made. Tiiis place
was poflcfled by the French in 1)96.
It is featcd on the Reirns, 17 m bsK
Stutgard.

^c/iouttfn IjJand, an illand in the Pa-
cific ocean, 60 n\ long and jo broa
near the ne coaft of N Guinea, difco
vered by Schouien, a Dutchman, in
i6t6. Lon. 135 50 E, hit. o 50 s.

Schowen% an ifl ind of Holhmd, form-
ing the N part ot Zealand, at the mouth
of the Scht-ldt, It is 15 m lonjij and *
broad. Ziricz«e is the capital.

srir

^ehratttnihal, \ town and cjftle of
Aufln.t. on the frnntieri of Moravia, (^
m s<w Znain.

SrhrobrHhaufen, a town of Bavaria, on
the river Par, '16 m 8iw Ingoldadt.

Scltul, an island of Hungary, formed
by thf Danube, immediately below Hn 1-
biug. It ik40 m long and it broul,
alKxindit infiuit and herb ig<>, and hi,
plfjity of game, wood, and hfli. The
chief town in Comorn.

Scliui/tfr, i'ort, Old and Nt-w, both in
the ftate of New York, on Mohawk ri-
ver ; the OIil 4 ni below, and the Newr
7 above Whiteitown. The latter is mont
ulually called Fort Staiiwix.

Seliui/!kil, a river of Pennfylvani.i.
which rifes nw of the Kittatinny moun-
tains, and is navigable from above Read,
ing to its entrance into the Oelawaie, j
m below Philadelphia.

Sihwabach, a town of Fraticonia, in
the principality of Anfpach, with nu'
merous manufatflures; b-atnl on a river
of the fame name, which flows into the
Rt'dnitz, (2 m E by N Anipach.

Schfwalbacht a town of Germatiy, i:i
the county of Naflau, frcquentt'd for m
niinetal waters ; fcated on the river Aa,
31 m w Frankfort.

ScliwiiUubtirg, a town of VVcllnhalii.
in the county of Lippe, 18 m n t I'adir-
born.

Schivan, a toirn of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Mecklenburg, on the river
Warnovv, 10 m N Guftrow.

Sc/invantiorf, a town of Havana, in tlic
principality of Neuburg, on the rivir
Nab, 11 m N Ritifbon.

StliiuaneHjladt, a town of AulMri,
near which the French gained a dccilive
virtory over the Auftrians in 1800. It is
ieated on the Ager, 25 m sw Lmi»z.

Sch'-wartxbiirgi an ancient c^illle <'t
Upper Saxony, in Thuringia, wliiiti
gives name to a comity. The county is
divided into two r>arts, the upper and
lower, of which Rudelftadt and Soii-
derfliaufen are the chief towns. Th-
cadle is feated on the Schwartz, 7 m sw
Rudelftadt.

^'{Jiivartzenbergf a town of Franco-
nia, in a principality of the fame name,
with a caftle, feated on the Lee, 24 m
ESE Wurtzburg.

Schivartzenberg, a town of Upptr
Saxony, in Milnia, with wire and lace
manufadlures. In the vicinity are iron-
forges, and mines of tin and lead. It is
10 m W8W Annaberg.

Sc/i<wartze»burgi a town of Swifler-
land, capital of a bailiwick, in the can-
ton of Bern. It is 10 m se Friburg, and
j; ssw Bern.

SCH

^(/iwrttz, .1 town of Oermany, in Xy*
rol, with !\ (ilvrr and copper mine j fcal-
edonthc Inn, 14m nk Infpruc.

S(li<wfJt, .1 town of Branili-nburiT, in
the Uckcrm^rk, with a mugnificcnt caf-
tic. fc:it('d uii the OJiT, 24 m se
I'renT.io.

Sch<wtiJnitXt a ftrong city of Silefia,
capital of a principality of thu fame
name, with .1 cadlc Half of the magif-
tiatrs arc cathulicH, but molt of the in-
hihit.ints arc proteftants, who have a
church without the town, :ii al(6 a pub-
lic fchool. All kinds of Icathfr are ma-
iiii(.i<5tiirp<l here. In 1716, the greatfll
part oi the city was burnt down, but
was rebuilt in an elegant manner. In
1757 tlio Auftrians took it from the
IVulfuns, who retook it the next year.
It is iLatt'd on nn tMninrncr, by the; rivtr
VVeidritz, za m sw fircllau. Lon. 16
3» K, lat. 50 44 N.

Sr/iwrin/urt, a town of Franconia,
lUily impel iai, with a palace. It lias
al.irgc trade in wine, woolUn and linen
(loih, goolc-quills, and feathers. This
town was taken by the French in 1796.
It is felted on the Maine, ai m nb
Winl/.hurg. I.on. 10 .35 k, lat. 50 6 n.

Sc/hweinitz, a town of the duchy of
Sixony, on the river ElKcr, 14 m &R
Wittenberg.

Schiveinjbfrst a town of Germany, ih
Upper Ilelle, on the river Ohm, 7 m
SK Alarburg.

Schivfitz, a canton of'Swidt-rland,
bounded on the w by the Waldftadter
lee, s by the canton of Uri, by that of
Glarus, and n by thofe of Zurich and
Zug. This canton, with that of Uri
and Underwalden, threw off the yoke of
Aiiltria, in 1308 ; and they formed a per-
petual alliance in 13 1 5, which was the
(jrand foundation of the Helvetic con-
tfderacy. The name of Schwcitzerland,
Switzerland, or Swiflerlund, which ori-
ginally comprehended only thefe three
cantons, was afterward extended to all
Helvetia. It derived that appellation,
either from the canton of Schweitz, as
being the mod diftinguifhed by the re-
volution of 130K, or becaule the Auftri-
ans called all the inhabitants of thefe
mountainous parts by the general deno-
mination of Schweitzers. The cantons
of Schweitz and Uri have the fame kind
of ibil, and the fame produdions. The
whole country being rugged and moun-
tainous, coniifts chiefly of pafture, raifes
little corn, and has no wine ; but this
foil, naturally barren, has been improv-
ed by the natives to a great degree of
fertility. The Roman catholic religion
is here cxclufively eftabllfhed.

8CI

Schnueltx, a town of Swllffrland, ca-
pital of the canton of th.it name, frated
near the Waldltadter fee, on the ilope
of a hill, at the bottom of two high and
rugged tocki, c.dh'd the Schweitrer
Ilaken. The church is a magniKcent
building. It ix 18 m K by & Luccrot
Lon.V 31 u, lat. 46 56 M.

Sc/iii^titZf Lake of\ fee IValdjladttr

Sclitwelm, a town of Weftphalia, in
the county of Mark, near which are
fome medicinal fprings. It is att m t
DulTeldorf.

Schiverin, a town of Lower Saxony*
capital of the duchy of Mecklenbiirg-
Schwerin. It ii divided into four parts;
namely, Srhwerln, the New Town, the
iflaiid of ScheU", and the Moor, which
are all neatly encircled by a beautiful
lake. Schwerin waH the feat of a count,
which tith- is Hill bore by the dukes of
Mecklenburg. The principal church it
a fine Gothic pile, with a lofty fpire.
The ducal palace and gardens are on aa
idand in the lake, and h.-ive a communi-
cation with the town by a drawbridge.
It is 3.S «n wsw Gultrow. Lon. 11 3^

E, I It. 53 56 N.

>Si/nvfrtf, a town of Wtftphalii, in
the eo'.inty of Mark, 011 the river Itoer,
7 m 'i Dortmund.

Sch-wetz, a town and caftle of Pruf-
fia, in Pomcr.mia, fituate on the Villula,
7 ni N Culm.

Schvjii-bujfen, a town of Siicfia, capi-
tal of a circle of \u name (infiilutcd by
Poland and the New in.irk of Branden-
burg) belonging to the priocipaliiy of
Glogau. It has a caflle, a catholic
church, a prottltant church, good cloth
manufactures, and fertile gardens and
vineyards. It is 13 m n Zullichau. Lon.
15 47 t, lat. 5z 21 N.

Hc/iivinburj^, a town of Denmark, on
the s coaft of the illand of Funen, witli
the bell luibour in the ifland, and ma-
nufaihires of woollen and linen. It is
23 m bSK Odenfte. Lon. 10 30 E, lat.
55 JO N.

Sciacca ; fee Xacca.
Sriati, an ifland of the Archipelago,
lying 14 m NNEof Ncgropont,atidalmoft
at the entrance of the gulf of Salonichi.
It io 10 m long and 4 broad. Lon. aj
40 f, lat. 39 24 N.

Scielit or iiic/iili, a town of Sicily, in
Val di Noto, and county of Modica ;
feated in a rich plain furrounded by
hills, az m w by s Noto.

Sciglio, a town of Naples, in Calabria
Ultra* on the fide of a rocky promon-
tory, called Scylla, or Cape Sciglio.
In the terrible earthquake of 1783, the
aT

?v.. I

' •: k 1

SCI

j'f^ wii thrown fiMioiifly ^ m iiil.ind,
and (Ml ill irtiiri) ('wrpt iifl' the prince
ofScikflio, will) 147 I f>f' the ii)li.'tbit.iiit(i,
wliM, l)(>piiig tu fiii»l (Vciirity, wnr then
nti thrSi'yIi.i flrntid, or in liuatu iic^r
tlir rtiorc. It ii 10 m » by r Ur^K'io.

Sci/Zi/, a cliirtrr «if immiTouM incii aihI
rockn. iif the rmrnnc** of ilc Ktn;litli
and St- Ororj{f chAnticU, lyitip almoft
10 league* w of ilif I,:indsrnd, in ('«>rn-
Kvill. Of filed' only lix arf iiih.it)ilf<l,
ai'd 'n iKio coiifamrd 2175 pcrliHi*
Tin y «r« a icfort f»)r ftafowl, and hxd
many Hiecp .md rabltitn. Tb«' iithnbit*
Hntii pnicipniy liibnil by nihing, burn-
•"K l^'lpt ;"<'! ^«J^inK *"« pilot*. 'I'hf
chief lOf is th.it of 8t. Mary, nearly i m
lor ({ and 2 broad, which h.iH a K<*(>d
portt is well fnrtifird, and containii
nv)r«*tli.in half of tht> whole population.
In this ifie, and in two or three othfrs,
are various antiquities, particularly thr
remains of u temple of the Druidi, and
ancient fepulchrcH. On that of St. Ag-
nes Is n lighthoulf*, witich, with the
gallery, is 51 feet high, and a very fine
column. At the outi-rmoll extremity
of the ifle of St. Martin is a (camaik,
biiilt with rockftunr, and usconl'picuous
by diiy as the liglithoulc on St. Akuch,
but not fo high and large. The Sci'ly
rocks have been f.ital to numbcrj of
fhips entering the F.nglifh channel. One
of the mofl difaftrous eventH of this
kind happened in I/07, when three
men of war pcrifliedt with admiral fir
Cloudtflpy Shovtl and all their crews.
St. Ai;iiefl lighthoufe is in lun. 6 19 w,
lat. 49 54 N.

SeiJ/i/, a group of iflcs or fhoal?, in
the Pacific ocean, difcoveri'd by captain
Wallis in 1767, and dcl'cribcd as very
dangerous. Lon. 15 <; 3c w, l.tt. 16 30 s.
Scio, or C'/iio, an ifland of the Archi-
pelago, near the coaft of Natolia, nw
of Samos. It is 36 m lung.md ij broad,
and a mountainous country ; yet vari-
ous kinds of fruit grow in the fields,
fuch as oranges, citrons, olives, mul-
berries, and pomegranates, interfperlcd
with myrtles and jafmines. The wine
ofScio, fo cclebratt d by the ancients,
is ftill in great efteem; but the ifluul is
now principally dillinguilhcd by the
profitable culture of maftic : it has alfo
fome trade in filk, cotton, and fiijs. It
is computed that there are 4000 Turks,
60,000 Greeks, and 2000 Latins, on this
inai)d. The Turks took it from the
Genoefe in 1566. Befide the town of
the fame name, it contains 69 vdlages
all inhabited by Greeks i and thofe
which furnifh maftic are the molt rich
and populous.

S C I.

.V(7«. a feaport and thr cnpii.d of an
ill.ind of the fame name, and .1 bdlit- %
fee* It i« the b.-lt built town In the
Arcliipt'lagoi the houlet bring romnx)-
dion<«, lotneof iHrni terraced, anil utiirri
eovere.l with tile*. The cUHe in an olj
eiMtIc I liuilt by the (/enocft, in which
ih*" Tiirkt h.ive a garnfoii. The har.
hour is a rcndexvoui for lhip«, that go
to or erm't' fioni Connuntinople: it will
contain Ho vcllils, is prnteCled by a Inw
mole, and \< ih two lighthoule«. It ftandi
on the e fide of the illand, 67 m w
Smyrna. Lon. 26 la k, lat- j8 16 n,

Siioto, a river of the ft.ite of Olii...
which riles near the fo'ircr- of tiie S;n.
diilky, a hoatable water of Lake Etic,
and Hows 5 to the Ohio, which it ru-
tern :)0() m below Pittfburg. It i'. n.ivj-
g.iMc by laiT?r barges 150 m, and by
i'mall boats to its lource, whence thnr
is a portage of only 4 m tu the S-in*
dufky.

Sciplot a town of New York, chief of
Onoiidago county. It is feated on t) 1
K lidc ol t'ayuga lake, 95 m w Coopcri-
town. Lon 76 51 w, lat 42 44 N.

Srirn, or Sciros, an ifland of ihe Ar-
chipelago, to the w of Mctelin. ft i« 1;
m long and 8 broad, and a mnuntiiii
ouH country, but has no mines Tlir
vine:) make the beauty of the idand, .inij
the wine is cxcelh'nt j nor do the n,i
lives want corn or wood. It contain^
only the village and convent of .M
Ge(Mge, bot^ built on a conical rock,

10 m from the harbour of St. Georgf
Lon. 34 38 K, lat. 38 54 n.

Scituatft a town of Manachufets, in
Plymouth county, with u harbour, on
an inlet of MallachufetB bay, 15 m n
Plymouth.

Scituate, a town of Rhode Ifland, in
Providence county, near which is a
foundery for cannons and bells. It is

11 m ssw Providence, and 27 nw New-
port.

Sclavonia, a country of Europe, lying
between the rivers Drave and Daniiln;
on the N, and the Save on t! c s j bound-
ed on the w by Croatia, from which to
the conflux of the Save with the Danube
it is 150 m in length, and from 25 to
45 in breadths It is a fertile level coun-
try, divided into fix counties, and be-
longs to the hnufe of Auftria. The
eallern part is called Rat/ia, and the in-
habitants Rafcians. Theie form a par.
ticular nation, and are of the Greek
church. The ancient Sclavonia con-
tained many hrge countries; fomehave
extended it from the Adriatic to the
Euxine fea, and fay that it bad its name
from the ScUvi, a Scythian nation, «b»

B

f.inquf f»»d Hreecr

ilie reijiii of eni(>«
UnvuagQ of Sclat
tit \o>\r otiierv, nni
I'.iry, Hohemia, Pol
Sionf, or Scaen, ;
oil the r. fide of ih
i'erlli Here i« an
bie ol a mori* anci,
kifijr* «»f Scotland i
and on .1 eeiihr.itrd
rcmond to i'.r^'l.ou
Sfi)/itio, nn iflaml
in in long anti j br<
.*«uiii. Lon. n t,cj
Sro/iia, or U/iiiii,
Turkey, in M.icedoi
lli()[)'ii fee. It iN eel
iiiif.k'turc of Moroec
rd on the Vard.ir, ov
o( 1 a arches, 90 in
NNw Salmiica. Lo
40 s.

Scot/tin J. or Xorf/i
frnof llietwo kinirdi
illiiid of (;re.it Uri
ilivided. h ib bom
the -Atlantic ocean, t
t by the Oci man ote
and k by the Itiih |
ullit appertain the ill;
coaft, called the IM
iihiids, and thole |.)
Oikney and Slu-tlaiu
to s it extends 2;o 1
IriMdth is 150, but i
■tiiove .^o; and no pa
40m from tlic coaft.
Iqiiare miles, or 18.61
tinmber of inhabitant
I'toi.and i,8o5,68H
•It the army and navy
'if'h part may be a(
c,Vi\a\ into two didr
'"nl the Lowlands;
plied to the mountain
^"iilNwof the Gram
latter to the mote lev
'•"id St. But natu
pi'iiited out three g
Scotland. The firft,
IS formed by a chai.-
crofs the country, froi
"y to the found of »
^e<ftion. and are now
I 'lal. called the Caled
f«ond, or Middle div
on the s by the frit
Clyde, and the great
% are united; and
tliti bqundary is the t
5'""' The North di^
alTemblage of vaft di
«ot, however, withou

in

J rope, lying
mtl Danulu!
_ s ; bound-
m which to
the Danubt
from 15 to
level coun-
ts, and be-
iiftria. Th«
, and the in-
form a par-
the Greek
avonia con-
, fomchave
riatic to the
bad its name
natioD) «b»

srrt

r.-»n(juerw! Oreecp uul thii cntmtry In
tl»< leijfM of fmpfr«>r Jiiiliiii«ti. Thi*
UnwuAB'J «»f Scl.iv"ni,i I- the mothrr
•)l four titiiera, namr!y (hnr*- nt llinf
H,«ry, Hohrmin, Pi)|.in<i, nnd IliinU.

SioHf, nr Sfoen, ^ \'>\]nf^t ot Xntlind,
on tite * Hilt* of the riv.-r 'I'liy, j in n
IVilli Here \% a n'ltrd paUcr, on the
liif ot A mor'- Atioinu one, where the
lunifn of SoiflAnd iiltd to be crowned,
;i[i<l on ;i reltlu.ited (lone, which in now
KmoV( d to I'.riifl.oid Sic P in/hiJ/'/Ki^e.
Sf6/>f/o, nn iditn*) of the Archlp«l<i!,.>»
inin Umf and j hro^d, lyinn n n\ R oi*
Kii'i- Lt>n. ».i ^o «, lat. ,<«) i\ s.

Siof>ia, or U/tiu6, :\ town of Kinoptvin
Turkey, in Mac«-doni;i, niul an aithbi-
lliop -t f«'i*. It in c«'li-l)r;«t<'d for the ma-
mifu'lurc of Mororcn ieatlirr, and Icat-
nl on thi* Viirdar, over which is a lirid^e
ot 12 archei, (;o m K Scutari, and 170
NNvv Sjli/tiica. Loi). at ij Ct lat. 41
40 V.

Scotland, or Surtli liritain, thrnorth-
rrn of thi* two kinytloim into which the
iiliiul of Oreat Britain was formerly
divided, r. ib bonndcd on the w by
tlie Atlantic ocean, N by the North loa,
y by the Griman oiean, sb by England,
n\\^ » by tilt' liilli fia. 'I'o Scotland
alfii appertain thr illand^ on its weftcrn
io:ift, called the H. brides, or VVcflern
iihiuls, and tl>ol°c- t>) the nk called the
Uikney and Shetlaml iflandi. I'Vom N
to s it extends 170 ni, and the grcatrft
iTiMdth is 150, but in (bmc places not
;ilK)vt> ^0 ; and no part is diOant above
40m from the coaft- It contains 29,167
U|iure miles, or 18,666,880 iicres. Tlie
iiimber of inhabit.ints was 1,399,068 in
i'<oi,and 1,805,688 in 18 11, exclulivo
(I the army and navy, for which athir-
tif'h part may be added. Scotland is
civideil into two diftrids, the Highlands
and the KowUnds; the former is ap-
plied to the mountainous part to the N
;iiul Nw of the Grampian bills, and the
liUiT to the more lev»'l didrit^t on llu"
tsnd St. But nature fecms to have
pointed out three g and diviiions in
Scotland. The firft, or North divifion,
h formed by a chain of lakes, vvbiili
crofs the country, from the frith of Mo-
ray to the found of Mull, in a sw di-
redion. and are now uniting into a ca-
nal, called the Caledonian Canal ; the
ftcond, or Middle divifion, is bounded
on the s by the friths of Forth and
I Clyde, and the great canal by which
'hey are united ; and on the s fide of
[ tlui bqundary is the third, or South di-
I wfion. The North divifion is chiefly an
aiiemblagc of vaft dreary mountains ;
«ot, however, without fome fertile val-

SCO

ley* on the northern .ind rnftern fhorei.
The Miildle divifltm i* •rnvniid in dlf-
fficnl dirr^lionn by frvt ral r.m^t* of
mountaint ( and ihouKh ciiltiv.iiion here
in alfo found cliii lly on the rullrrn tborr^
vet of thii divilion, as well as of the
former, the arable land hMm n fmall
proportion to the mi-nnliinoui ami
iMrtm trails The South divilion hai
A K'*'at reft btnnce to England, and,
with uTpei't both to the alprtfl of the
con: try anti piogrein of cultivation, ex-
hll»itn every kind of rural variety, Tht
civil divifiiin of the country i« Into ij
coiinti*^, namely, Muiland and Ork-
ney, Caithnefi, Sutherland, K«'f», Cro-
HMrty, Invtrneli*, in the North divilion;
Argyle, Biite. Nairn, KIgin, BanflT,
Abenleen, Kincardine, lorfar, IVrth,
I'ife, Kinrols, Clackmann.in, Stirlip^t,
Dumltarion, in the Middle divifion;
and J.inlith^ow, Fdinbitr)^, IIa<lin(;ton,
Berwick, Henftew. Ayr, VVijfton, La-
nark, I'erbieH, Selkirk, H'xbuiK, Dum-
fiies, Kirkcuilbright, in !ic South divU
fion. The principal rivers are the Spcy,
Don, 'lay, Tweed, Clyde, Forth, North-
ern Dee, I'.ik, Atmmi, Nith. and South-
ern Dee. The Inches, or laki s, are nu-
merous, and fotne of them « xtenfive.
The climate it very various. The
iiorlhern extremity, which \h in the
fame lat it udi: with fon>e paito of Nor-
way, is rxtrcmely cold : but from its
infular fituation, the frolls are far from
beiiiy fo ill ten fr as in parts of the conti-
nent equally as far to the N. The weft
coad is rubjie*t to freijuent rains in
the liimmer, and to Cudden changen of
weather. In many places on the eaRcrn
fiiore, and in the whole Ibuth divifion*
the climate is not inferior to the north
pari of England. The products of the
cmiiitiy arc griin, llax, wo.)d!* of oalc
and fir, coal, lead, iron, freeftone,
limefi' ne, flato, the' molt beautiful
marble, tine rock- •ryllals, pearls, varie-
gattt! pebbles, Sfc .it feeds vaft herd*
ofciltlc and flockf of Iheep : they are
both Iniall, but mu "h valued for the de-
licacy of their flelh ; and the Ibece of
the latter emulates the fineft Spanifii
wool. It is on the higii grounds that
the cattle are fo diminutive ; for in
many parts of the country, Jie horfes
and c.»w(« .ire not excelled in lize and
beauty by tholi: of the Englilh breed.
Among the wild animalu are the roe,
ftag, fox, badger, otter, hedge-hog,
rabtjit, wealel, mole, and other fmall
quadrupeds. Among the feathered race
are the capercailzie, or cock of the
wood, the eagle, falco.i, partridge,
quail, fnipc, plover, black game, ««.
aT»

!■$

K^'

8CU

Scmtand wai goverrird hv a king before
thr Koin.int vilitrd KngUiul, jml coti«
tinned III Irulruciulriit kioKdom till thr
(Irjlti of the EiiKliiii (|uccii 1-Jii4b«tht
whti) lamc) VI iif ScotlAiid, thi* tiioU
ImmrJiote hrir, W4« c«ltrd to (he throne
of KngLttuI, tinil condaiiily ntidcd In
the latter : hu 4nd hi* fiiccrifor* oaliinx
thrmr«-lvr« Itinua of i''.ngl.ind and N-oi«
land, and racn country haviiii; .1 ic|M>
rate p.uli4mrnt, till the yi'.u i7<>7, in
thr rci^n of t|urt'ii Anne* whrn lioth
kingdom! were united under the gene*
ral name of Orr^t Britain. The conn*
tirt Und one mcnitx'r r^ch to p4rli.i»
ment, rxcrpt Bntf iind C.iitliiicU, Cro-
marty and Nairn, Kinrol'it and Cl^ck-
mann^n, which UmkI mt-mbfrt in con-
J(in<*tioni lo th.it thr couniici lend jo
niembi'ri, which with 15 frnt l»y thr
citica and liorougii* make thr 4^ com>
moncra (i'tit by Scotland ) ^md 16 prera
are elected to nprcrcnt the nobility.
Thr e!>abli(he«l rfligion it the prrfby-
terian, which ia ntiutrjli-it principally
aftrr thr CilviniHical pUn frttlrd at
Gi'nfva, and on .1 jteneial principle of
an c(|U.ility of «xclrli.i(\ical nutliority
.itnonn itH prrlbytera. There are tew
Roman c.itholicii, nor are Ih** rpilco-
paliuni numeruu^. With rcfpi'^t to the
trade and maniifiif^nrcH, ih( y arr no-
ticed under the rcfpc^tivc citicN and
towni. Kdinburg is the capital.

Scutari, a llroiig town of Europca.i
Turkey, in Albania, capital of a pa-
chalic, and a biihop'i (ire, with a cadle
on a rock. It hai four fuburbs, .ind
carrtea on a confiderabic trade. 'I'he
chief mannf'atiture is Mnroccu leather.
It ii featcd on the lake Labeutie, near
it! outlet, the river Bojana, 64 m n by
w Durazzo. Lon. k; 16 K, I.M. 4a

3 J N-

Scourit, a town of Scotli.nd, on the
w coafl of Sutherland Ihirr, and the s
fui^ of a commodious bay, to which it
giv. s name, 56 m nw Dornoch. Lon.

4 sz w, lat. 58 24 N.

Scutari, a town of AfiUic Turkry, in
Natolia. which is confidered as a tub-
urb of Condantinuplc- It Aands on ihe
ftrait oppoltte that city; and prelcnts
itfelf like an ampliitheatrc, affording a
piftorefque vit-w from the mixture of
trees, houles, mofqucs, and minarets.
This town fervcs as an emporium and
a rendt-zvoHs to the caravans of Alia,
and has fonic manufadlures of iilk and
cotton ftufl's. Here are cxtcnfive bu-
rying'grounds, (haded with lofty cy>
prefl'es. The rich Turks of Conftanti-
nople prefer being interred here; for
they coniider Afia as a laud belonging

to the tnte briirvrra, and brtl< «e tki|
thif land of Kniopc will one lUy Ull
into thr haniU of ChrilduM, and \y
trotldrn on by inAd«li. 5i.utJit liamili
K Conrtantinoplc.

Stifllit, 4 r«Kk near thr rntrancr qf
the ttiaiiof Miliiii.i, on the coalt of (4.
I.d)ria, oppoltte the celebraird ( liiryh
diit. It torm* a (null pronioiitory m
thr narrowrit pan ol thr (trait, .nul 1,
thr I'imnut Hcyll.i ol ihc anciint piMti
It due* not comr up to the formidable
Urfcription given by iiomer, noriitht
palT.i^e fo narrow and difficult a* ht ri .
priffnt* It i but it is prob.dilc that tin
brr,idth it greatly increafcd I'tiice Im
time. The rcwrk it nearly 100 feet \\\^\\\
and on the lide of it llandu the town ut
Scixlio, whence the prtnnontoty i,
funictimet called Capr SciKli"'

Smfurd, a town of Sult'ta, and om-
of the Cinque I'orts. Itt forti arr in ,
Rate of del^enct; but it ha* no markrr,
and it* trade and harbour arc now ut
little conlr(|ucncr. It is (eatrd ncii
the Englilh channel. 10 m ISB Lewci,
aiiil 60 N hy »■ London.

Staton, a town of Scotluid, in IIuI.
ingtonfhire. Here is a ruinuui paUn,
in which qurcn .Mary occalionaify kept
her court. It ban a conndti able trade
in lalt and co.il. and i^ litiiate on the
frith of Forth, 9 m v. Ldinburg.

Serctrii, a province on the n co.ift ut
Bnilil, watered by llie river Snan,
which riles in the mountains far interior
in the country, and flowi sk to ibe
occau. The capital is of the lamename,
Atuate on a hill, to the right of the port
and near the river, and defended by a
fort. Another fort below drfendi the
harbour, which ii large and convenient,
but not of (ufficient depth for large vcl-
fda. Lon. 38 ay w, lat. 3 ji ».

Selajlia, a town of Syria, in Palenint,
the remains of the ancient city of Sa-
maria. It is 34 m NNE Jorufalem.

Sfbaflian, St. a city and leaport of
Spain, in Bifcay, (rated at the foot of
a mountain, on the top of which iiun
ancient caltle in ruins. The harbour
is fmall, (t'cured by two moles, and a
narrow entrance for the Ihips. The
town is fun oundcd by a double wall,
and fortified toward the (ea. Itiatht
capital of the diftridt of Guipnfco.i, and
carries on a gre,it trade, p.irticularlyin
iron, Heel, and wool. St. Seb.illian
was taken by the French in 1794; s"*!
retaken by ftorm in i«i3, by the allm
under lord WeUington. It is 50 ml
Bilboa, and 50 kw Pamplona. Lod.|
1 56 w, lat. 43 24 N.
Htbajlian, Hh a town ofNewSpam*

iti Iht pmvlnct c
on thr MJiatUn,
Un l.on. I )5 j(

S4 ha/ha n, St, • |
ill thr provmcr oi
fur rxcellcnt cacar

Srlti/haii, Si, t
vincc of Kio j mei
with a citadel on 1
forts. The city i
harbour , and Uh
crowned with woo
and ehiirchrs. It 1
llrerts arv' mofl of
fi'fting r.ich other
thr houfis, in uene
two (\orirs high,
very fine | and the
p.iradc in this city

FKipilh countries in
lour is very comir
row entrance defe
Hrre nre manufatfl
and cochineal. T
nics carry on their
parts of the town
king fet apart fo
On tnr n fide of a (j
p:ilace ; and there
l(|uarc«, in which
plied with water
conliderable lengtl
v.illey by a double I
mint is one of the
illing, and furnilln
veiiicnces necefla
great expedition,
vent and a fort
point, jutting int
lite which ii S*
there are a dock-'
n.ival (torehoufes
the harbour, at
Loiigo, are the w
ception, and prepa
Haves imported fr
balban is a bifhop
the feat of the roya
who arrived here
fealed near the m
neiro, in the Allan
lat. 21 54 s.

^^tbajHan, (.'ape
extremity of Mad
*» lat. I J 30 s.

^fbajio/>o/, or
Kuflia, and the fi
Crimea. It has o
h»rbour8 in the
it might contain
and it is the chief
fca fleet. Thecit
Qfahill, which d
Wns. The old

* n V. n

III thff pmvincr of ChUmctUn. fliuati*
uii thr M4««tUn» 60 m MVW Chi4mrl-
Un L«>n. 105 it, l«t. 14 to n.

SfhAjUmttt ^1' * town nl Trrm Firms,
III Ihf provincr of C.irliMi, crlrtiritrd
for rxcrllciit cac«o, 40 m «iivv I<<>i>n.

.SVi/t///««. St, thci-fipital of thr pro*
vincc of Kio j inclri»t nikI of a\\ Hr.ilil,
with • citadel «in 4 hill, .md iiiirtirTotis
forti. The city Itandi 4 m w of the
lurhour, 4tid Iwliiiui it arc hi)(h hilli
rrciwiird with wondi, coiivi nti, houlti,
Aiui chiirchrH. It it .) m in circuit ; the
llrcft* urc iikofl lit them n.iirow, inter*
feeing r.ich Other «t riftht .tnalet \ and
thr houfc*. In urneral, lire of iiont', ;uid
two ftorir* high. The churtlic* art*
very Hue t »nd there ii more rrligioui
p;iridc in thi« city, than in any ot the
popilli countriri in Miirope. 'i he har-
liour it wry conimodioun, with a n.ir*
row entrano' dcfcndrd hy two forti.
ilrrc lire manufj«5liirca of liiKar, rum,
and cochineal. Th«* ilifft rent mtcli.i-
nictCiirryon their burinci'it in dillinCt

Fiarti of the town; partii'ular nr<>cti
icing fet apart for particular trade*.
On the » fulc of a Cp.icioim f(|u.irr ii the
pilace ; and there an; Icver.il other
l<|u.irci, in which arc fountaiiix, (ap-
plied with water by an aciucdiidl of
tiinrulfrable length, brought over a
v.illoy by a double tier of arche*. The
mint is one of the fincfl buildingM <*x*
ilting, and furnilhcd with nil thr con*
venicnccs ncccdaiy for coining with
great expedition. A Denedidinc con-
vent and a fort arc on the extreme
point, jutting into the harlmur, oppo-
lite which in S«'rpcnt ifland, where
there are a dock-yard, maga/invs, and
n.ival llorchoufes. In niiother part ol
the harbour, at a plac** called Val
Lnngo, are the warchoulcs for the rc-
cpplion, and preparation for fale, of the
Haves imported from Africa. St. Sc-
baiVian is a bifhop'i fee, and at prcfent
the feat of the royal family of Portuj?al,
who arrived here, Jan. 8, i8oH.» It is
feated near the mouth of the Rio Ja-
neiro, in the Atlantic. Lon. 41 44 w,
Ut. 21 54 s.

^ebajhan, ('ape St. n cipe at the Nvv
extreniity of Madagnlcar. Lou. 46 aj

t, lat. 12 30 s.

^(bojlopol, or Aktiar, a foaport of
RulTia, and the fiift maritime town of
Crimea. It has one of the moft fccurc
hjrbours in the world, while for fize
it might contain all the Kuirnn fleets ;
and it is the chief ftation of the Black
fca licet. The city is built on the fide
Qfahill, which divides two of its fine
barins. The old Tartar houfcs are ftnall

SF n

arid ill bulli t hut along the quajr aru
fome iirw biiildingi in a g(NM} laAe. ||
Hindi on p.irt of the liie of X\\v ancient
('•ly ttf Cherlonrfu*. where was the la*
mou4 temple oi Omdi Taiiric.M and
voiiflderiible ruins and 4nti(|uilies are
yrt difcoverjblr. |i u 4.) ni ns^v gym*
nheiop<d, and 150 Nfc ('onA.iiiliiuiple.
l.'Mi. ^^ 4A a, lat. ^4 %s n.

Stktiihflht tf S«x,ti9fioli, A town of
Mingieli.i, anciently called Dioicuriat
It lt4iidi DU the holders of Uiillii, oil
the Hl.uk Irii, aij m wnw Tellil.
I.oii. 41 4j I , lat. 44 10 K.

Srb*nii0. a ftrong feapoit of Dalm.!-
ti.i, and a biiluip's i^e, with four citi*
dels The citlicilr.il is a inannilicent
fabric, and itn roof is compofrd of large
ll.a pircri of marble. The turks have
often .ittrm|)tcd in v.iin to take iliia
town. It IS liMtcil near the mouth of
the Cherca, in the gulf of Venice, %S lu
• I Z.ira. Lon. 16 46 1, lat. 44 17 n.

Sr6oo, the larged river in the cmpir*
of Morocco. It riles in a forrft, near
the foot of Atlas, to the hk of !•>/,
flowH within 6 m of that city, palFes by
thar of Mequinez, and enters the octaii
at Mamora. It abounds with a rich
(pecies of lalriioii, called (bebbcl.

Sebour^, a town of France, in the
department of Nord, 5 m a Vulen«
cienucs.

Sfl)U \ fie 7,fhu>

Seltf. \ ice Krjh.

Seehurn, a town of Peru, in the bithop-
ric of Truxillo, inhabited by IndiaiiH,
who are chiefly employed In fiihing or
driving mules. Here commences a fandy
«letert, which extends 80 m fouthwnrd.
The town ftandb on a river of the
fame name, 3 m from the ocean, and
iJlo NNw Truxillo. Lon. 81 10 K, lat.
5 55 «■

Seckatt, a town of Germany, In Stirla»
feated on the Oayle, «; m n Judeiiburg.

Seckinxen^ a town of Suabia, the
fmallcft o»' the four Forcft towns. Here
is a convent of noble nuns, whofe abbcfs
\y,is a priiicel's of the empire. It is
fcited on an ifle, ft»rmed by the Rhine,
over which is a bridge, 1 1 m w Bafel.

Seckington, a village in ^^'arwicklhire,
;i m NE Tamwonh, famous for a battle
in 757, between Cuthrod king of the W
Saxons, and Mthelbaid, king of the Mer-
cians. On the N fide of the church is
the ruin of a fort, and near it an arti"
ficial hill, 45 feet high.

iiVJflw, a itrotig town of France, capi-
tal of the department of Ardennes. It
is deemed one of the keys of the coun-
try ; and has a ftrong caftle, an arfenal»
a foundery of cannouj and a manufac-

%

:^:'

SEG

ture of finr cloth. The famous marfhal
Turcnne wag bom in the cad Ic. Sedan
is feated on the Meiifo, a6 n» se Charle-
mont, and 135 ne Paris. Lon. 4 58 e,
lat- 49 42 N.

Sgdafi'vagur, a town of Hindooflan,
the molt northern on tfie coalt of (.'a-
nara ; feated on th«; n fide of the »'lln-
ary of a river, which enters into a deep
biy, ftieltcred by ihtee iflands, one cf
them fortified, and the entuiDce dLfcnd-
cd by a fort on a Idtty hill. It is 50 m
SK Goa, and 95 s nw Kiuidapura. Lon.
74 15 E, lat. 14 51 N.

Sedberff, a town in W Yorlvfliire,
with a marltet on Wedneld;i,y, iiiittd
Ti'.'ar the Uotiier, on the borders of
Wefimorl.ind, 1 1 m e Kendal, and 265
Kw London.

Seehauferiy a town of Brandenburg,
in the Old mark, nearly furrounded by
the Aland, la m w Haveiberg.

Seelbttrgt a town of the duchy of
Courland, on the river Dwina, 70 m e
by 8 Mittau.

Seeloiv, a town of Brandenburg, in
the Middle mark, 10 ra sw Ciifirin.

Seer^ a fcaport of Arabia, capital of
a principality, in the province ot Oman.
It has a good harbour, and the navy of
the prince is one of the moft confidera-
ble in the gulf of Pcrfia. It is 108 m
wsw Julfar. Lon. 54 38 e, I- .. 25 10 n.

Seffent a town of Lower .Saxony, in
the duchy of Brunfvvick, feated on a
fmall lake, 14 m sw Goflar.

SetK^ a town of France, in the de-
partment of Orne, and a bifliop's fee.
It is feated in a fine country, n«*ar the
fource of the Orne, 12 m n Alen^on,
and 102 w by s Paris. Lon. o i j e, ht.
48 36 N.

Stgeberg, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Holftein, with a caftle,
on a high mountain, confiding of lime-
ilone, large quantities of which are
carried to Hamburg and Lubec- It is
feated on theTrave, 15 m www Lubec.

Segedin, a ftrong town of Hung.iry,
with a caftle, taken from the Turks in
1686. It is feated near the Tiefle, op-
pofite the influx of the Maros, 105 m
ssE Peft. Lon. 2035 e, lat. 46 18 n.

Segefwar, a town of Tranfylvania,
capital of a coimty of the fame name.
It is fituatc on the fideof a hill, near the
river Kokel, 47 m n Hermanltadt. Lon.
2455 s. lat. 47 4 tf.

Segijian, a province of Perfia, bound-
ed on the N by Balk, E by Cabul, Can-
dahar, and Moultan, s by Mekran, sw
by Kerman, and nw by Chorafan. This
country onee rivalled in profperity the
nioft flourifhing provinces of the einpire»

SEO

but Is now in a deplorable condition.
The greater part of it is ll.it, fandy, aiul
uninhabited ; and during the four hut
months a wind frfcjuently blows \\\\\\
fuch violence, as to overwhelm hoiilcs,
gardens, and fieUlg with clouds of (and.
1 here arc, however, m;my fpril'^'s and
rivers, the banks of which affotd I'ood
paltnr^ige, and are well cultivntcd in
the vicinity of iho towns ; but niiny of
the natives are (h> pherd", who live a
wandiriiig lite, and pitch their Wwu
amid the 1 iiins of .^'icient p.ilaces, / ■-
rang is the e;ipital.

Si-giiu, a fciiporr of Morlachia, cnpi-
tal of Iluntiarian Dalma'ia, and a \}.
(hop's fee, with a fcit. It is fe;it d on
the y;ulf ol" V'tiiice, 100 m nw Spolclio.
Lon. 15 21 E, lat. 45 22 N.

Sfgni, a town of Itnly, in Campapni
di Uoma. Organs ,n-c iiiul to have kcu
invented here- It is featuj on a moun-
tain. 30 m SE Rome.

Sfgo, a city of Negrol.'tid, the c.i.
piul of Bimbara. It confifts of four
walled towns, two on each fide of the
riverNiger, which contains about 30.000
inhabitants; and a., the Moors form a
confit'erahle proportion, their morqiic;
appear in every quarter. The houlis
are built of eUiy, of a fqiiare form, with
flat roofs ; fome of them have two
fl.ories, and many of them are while-
waflied. The currerrt money confiOs
of courics, a kind of fliells. It is 290
m wsw Tombuctoo. Lon. 2 46 w, lat.
14 15 N.

Segorhe, a city of Spain, in Valencia,
and a bifh'p's fee. Here are many
well-cultivated gardens, and a famous
fountain. The vicinity abounds in every
kind of fruit, and in the adjacent moun-
tains are quarries of fine marble. It is
feated on the fide of a hill, by the river
AJorvedro, 35 m n by w Valencia. Lon.
o 28 w, lat. 39 5s N.

Segovia^ a city of Spain, in Old Cuf.
tile, and a bilhnp's fee, with a caftle.
It ftands on two hills and the vallty
between them, on the sw fide of the
Erefma ; and is furroui.dcd by a Ihong
wall, flanked with towers and rampirts.
It is fupplied with water by a Rnm.in
aquedudt, 3000 paces in length, liip-
ported by 177 arches of a prcd gioiis
height, in two ftories. Here th-.' belt
cloth in i!pain is made, which is one
part of itf, trade, and another is very
fine papc-r. The cathedral ftands on
one fide of the great fquare, and is one
of the handfomeft Gothic ftrudures in
Spain ; befide which there are 27 other
churches. The caftle is feated in the
higheft part of the town, and has it)

:ondition.
iiii'iy, ami
fniir hot
lows with
m hoiifon,
Its of land.
'I il•^'R ami
fold I'Dod
tivntcd in
II m.uiy of
lio live H
licir teitj
ices, Z-

;liia, cMpi-

'iIUl a l;i.

fc;it' (1 on
^ipolcltu.

Campafini

have htcii

III a mouii-

H, the ci.
(Is of four
fide of the
)oiit 30,000
018 form d
ir mofquci;
The houlis
form, Willi
have two
arc while-
ley conlitts
• It is 290
a 46 w, lat.

n Valencia,
are many
1 a fnmpus
ids in every
cent moiin-
irbli'. It is
i^y the river
jiicia. Lon.

in Old Ciif.
h a caftle.

the valley
lide of the
by a itroiig
J raiupqrts.
y a Roman
;i)gth, iiip-

pn>d gioiis
re tl)'.' belt
lich is one
ler is very

ftands on

and is one
ru<Siires in
re 27 otiier
ited ill the
and has it)

SEI

rooms richly adorntd witn taptftry, and
ornaments of marble and porpiiyry.
The royal chaptd is magnificently gild-
ed, and emb 'llifhed with very line
paintings. '1 he mint, for foine years
the only one in Spain, is Airroiinded by
the river, on which arc mills, employed
in coining. Segovia is 40 m nnw Ma-
drid. Lon. 4 la w, lat. 41 ■? n.

Segovia, New, a town of New Spain,
in Nicaragua, near the fouixe of a river
of its name, which flows into the Cari-
bcan lea, 90 in n by e Leon. Lun. 86
50 w,lat. i,^ 45 N.

Segovia, Neiv, a town in the ifle of
Lnconia, and a Mlhop's ft'e, with a fort.
It is fcatvd at the n end of the idand,
near the month of the Cagayan, 240 m
N Manilla. Lon. 120 50 t:, lat. 18 39 N.

Segm, a river of Spain, which rifes
in the I'yrenees, and runs through Ca-
talonia, by Puicerda, Urgel, Belaguer,
and Lerida, to Mequinenza, where it
joins the Ebro.

Segre, a town of France, fn the de-
partment of Mayne and Loire, 20 m
WW Angers.

Segura, a river of Spain, which rifes
in the mountains of Segura, in Murcia,
crofles that province and the s part of
Valencia, and enters the Mediterranean,
at Guardaman.

Segura, a town of Spain, in Mnrcia,
feated among mountains, 34 m ne Ubc-
da, and 96 wnw Murcia.

Segura, a town of Spain, in Aragon,
35 m SB Calatajud, and iii n Teruel.

Segura, a town of Portugal, in Bcira,
with a fort on a mountain. It ftands
on the frontiers of Spain, 15 m wnw
Alcantara, and 35 tse Caftei Branco.

Segura, a town of New Spain, in
Tlafcala, 50 ms Puebla-

Seahauranpour, a town of Hindooltan,
in Delhi, capital of a di(tri(ft of the lame
name, between the Jumna and thv'
Ganges. It is 86 m n by w Delhi
Lon. 77 15 u, lat. 30 4 n.

Seiko, or Zeybo, a town of St. Do-
mingo, chiefly occupied by graziers ;
fituate on a fmall river, 65 m ene St.
Domingo.

Stidenberg, a town of Upper Lufatia,
with manufadures of cloth and (lock-
ings, 8 m ssE Gorlitz.

Seiks, a nation in the nw part of
Ilindooflan, conlifting of feveral inde-
pendant dates, that had formed a kind
of federal union. They poflVfs the
whole province of Lahore, the princi-
pal part of Mouitan, and the w part of
Pelhi. This rich and healthy traft ex-
tends 40J m from nw to s e, and is from
ijo to :ioo broad) in general, but; tl^e

SEL

part between Attock ;4nd Behkcrcannot
be k'fs than 320. The found'-- of their
U&. was l^ianock, who flourilh' d in tlie
beginning of the 1 6th century ; and they
arc the di^fcendantd of hi'* dilciples : th«
ViQxA feiks, in the Sunlcrit language,
fignifying difciplcs. Tlicy are in ge-
neral llrong and well-made, accultnmed
from their infancy to the mod laborious
life and hardeft fare. A pair of long
blue drawers, and a kind of chequered
plaid, part of which is faftencd round
the waift, and the other thrown over
the fhouidcr, form their clothing and
equipage. The chiefs are diftinguidied
by wearing fome heavy gold bracelets
on their wriftfl, and fometimes a chain
of the fame metal round their turbans,
and by being mounted on better horlcs;
otherwife no diftindtion appears among
them. The civil and military govern-
ment of the Seiks, before a common in-
tcreft had ceaftd to actuate its opera-
tions, was conduced by general aflfem-
blies ; but fmce their dominions have
been fo widely extended, the grand
afTembly is now rarely fummoncd.
Their army confifts almoft entirely of
horfe, of which a Seik will boaft they
can bring 300,000 into the field ; and it
is fuppofed they might bring 2oo,o»o.^
They have commonly two, fome of
them three horles each, and indeed con-
fider this animal as necelTary to their
exiftence. The Seiks, like the Hindoos,
are perfeflly tolerant in matters of
faith, and require only a conformity in
certain Agns and ceremonies ; but un-
like the Hindoos, they admit profe-
lyte8,abolilh the diftinjlions of tribe or
caft, and eat all kinds of flefh except
that of cows. Their capital is Lahore.

Seine, a river of France, which rifes
ill the department of C6te d'Or, flows
oy Troyes, Melun, Paris, and Rouen,
and enters the£ngli(h channel at Havre
de Grace.

Seine, Lower, a department of France,
including part of the late province of
Normandy. Rouen is the capital.

Seine and Marne, a department of
France, including part of the late pro-
vince of the Ifle of France. Melun is
the car»ital.

Seine and Oi/e, a department of
France, including part of the late pro-
vince of the Ille of France. Vcrfailles is
the capital.

Seinpeim, a town of Franconia, in a
lordlhip of the fame name, with a caftlef
18 m SE Wurtzbu g.

Selem, a towu of New Spain, in Ju«
catan, near the feacoaft, 45 m VW
Merida.

,(':

* yi

f n

>i\

SEL

Selbofoe, a town of Norway, in the
province of Dronthtim, on the n fide of
a lake, i8 m sr Droiiih<'im.

Sfibt/, a town ill W Yorkfhire, with
a market on Monday. It is the birth-
place of Henry i, whofi* father, Wil-
liam I, built an abbey hero ; and the
conventual church is now the parifli
church. A canal p.ifTe* he';ce to Leeds,
and fhips are built here. It is ieatcd on
the Oufe, over which is ont? of the com-
pleteft timber bridges in the kingdom*
urns York, and iSo n by w London.

Selfttgin/k, a fortified town of Rudia,
in the government of Irkutfh, with a
fort. The vicinity yields a great quan-
tity of rhubarb, and ftands on the Se-
Icnga, at the Influx of the Chilok, 84
m SE Irkutfh. Loa. 107 28 e, lat.
.51 16 N.

S''lenth a town of European Turkey,
in Caramania, at the mouth of a river of
the fame name, 50 m wsw Seleik.

Sclejkt anciently Seleucia, a town of
Afiatic Turkey, in Caramania, feated
on a river 5 m from the fea, and 8o ssE
Copnl. Lon. 34 36 e, lat. 36 40 n.

Seli^enftadti a town of Germany, in
the late eleiftorate of Mentz, with a
Benedi(ftinc abbey ; leated at the con-
flux of the Gernfpentz with the Maine,
14m E Frankfort.

Selimbriat or Se/ivira, a town of Eu-
ropean Turkey, in Romania, and an
archbifhop's fee. It was a large place,
but is now much decayed, and hands
on the fea of Marmora, 35 m w Con-
ftantinople. Lon. 28 12 k, lat. 4 r 4 n.

Selkirk, a borough of Scotland, the
capital of Selkirkfhire, with a manu-
fadlure of boots and fhoes. The num-
ber of inhabitants was 2098 in i8or,
and 2422 in 181 1- It is feated on the
i^ttrick, near itsconfluxwith the Tweed,
30 m SSE Edinburg. Lon. 2 46 vv, lat-
55.14N.

Selkirkjhiret a county of Scotland,
bounded on the n by Edinburgfliire,
E by Berwickftiire and Roxburgfliire,
s by Dumfiiesihire, and w by Peebles-
shire. It is a hilly country, 28 m long
and 18 where broadcft. The number
of inhabitants was 5070 in 1801, and
5889 in 18 1 1. It fends a member to
parliament. The chief rivers are the
Tweed, Ettrick, Yarrow, and Gala.

Selles, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Loir and Cher, on the
jiverCher, 10 m sw Romorcntin.

Seitz, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Rhine, fcited on the
Rhine, 43 m nne Slrafburg.

Seltzer, or Lower Seltzer, a town of
Germany, in the late archbiihopric of

SEM
Treves, celebrated for a fpring of mi-
neral water, which is exported in great
quantities. It is fituatepn the Emibacli,
30 m F ('oblentz.

Semaiiat, a town of Afiatic Turkey,
in Irak, leated on the Euphrates, when;
a toll is ccillcdtcd. It is 1 20 m nw
Baffora. Lon. 46 15 e, lat. 32 2 v,

Sfm/jm>-(r/ieru<n, a town of Birmafi,
from wiiich id the principal road ihrougl;
the weftern hills into Aiacan. To thij
place all Btngal articles of merchandife
imported l)yway otAr;icaii are brouj,'ht,
and here embarkfd o:\ tlie Irrawaddy.
It ftands 3 m w of that river, and 30 s
by w Pagahm.

Semegonda, a town of Ntgroland, in
the country of Wangara, on a lake
formed by a branch of the Nile, 330
\n ssw Bornou. Lon. ai 30 e, lat.
14 .'»8 N.

Sameiidriat a town of European Tur-
key, in Servia, with a citadel, leated on
the IXinube, 20 m se Belgrade.

Semennud, a town of Egypt, on the
e branch of the Nile, 8 m ssw Man-
foura, and 53 n Cairo.

Semigallia, the E part of the duchy
of Courland, feparated by the Mafza
from Courland Proper, and by the
pwina from Ruflia, to which country it
is now fubjeft. Mittau is the capital.

Seminar'h a town of Naples, in Cala-
bria Ultra, 22 m ne Heggio.

Semlin, a town of Sclavonia, on the
s fide of the Danube, a little above the
the influx of the Save, and 4 m w Bel-
grade.

Sempach, a town of SwiflTcrland, in
the canton of Lucern, famous for the
battle, in 1386, that eftabliflied the li-
berty of the Swifs, and in which Leo-
pold duke of Auftria was defeated and
flain. It is feated on a fmall lake, 7 m
NW Lucern.

Semnan, or Sumnum, a town of Per-
fia, in Irak, and the chief place of a rich
diftrift lying N of the Great Salt Dcfert.
It is 90 m w by s Biftam, and 120 b
Teheran.

Sempione,a mountain of Italy, in Mi-
lanefe, one of the higheft of the Italian
Alps, whofe pointed fummits are perpe-
tually covered with fnow. On one iidc
of its rugged bafe the torrent Divario
guflies through a vaft chafm between
two lofty rocks, and ruflies headlong
into the valley of OflTola. A bridge is
building acrofs this chafm, to form part
of a road now making over the moun-
tain, which, when fin'ihed, is likely to
become the principal communication
between Italy, France, and Swifferland.
Over this mountain was the paflage of

S I
Bonaparte prcviouj
Marengo.

Semur en Auxois,
in the department (
J cafllc on a rock,
of cloth; feated on t:
w by N Dijon, and 1
Semur en Briennoi
in the department <
33 m w by 8 Macon
Sena, or Alarza/i,
ranpa, on the rive
the Portugucfi: have
3 K, lat. 17 40 s.

Stneca.a. lake and
in Oiioiidago count
m long and 2 broad
tween tliofc of Cana
At ihe N end is tht
and on the E fidt
Cayuga lake, are th<
of Romulus, Ovid,
The river riles to
pafl<:8 by that towr
waters of the lake. 1
the waters of Cayug
creek, and Salt lake,
the Onondago river.
Seneca, a town
Onondago county,
falls in Seneca rivi
mouth, and 28 s Of
Sene^, a town 0
in Brabant, where a
by the French 01
Orange, in 1674. 1
Senegal, a river
land, in the mount
IV on the fouthern
and enters the Atl
NE of Cape Verd.
0118 till it arrives wi
when it takes a fud<
for 75 m is feparatt
liy a ridge of land.
2 m wide, is incom
bar, which renders
and dangerous.

Senegal, a count
Africa, lying on ari'
The French built a
the mouth of the ri
tcrs of the gum-tra
Louis, St.

Senez, a town o
partment of Lower
the fee of a bilhoj
rough barren cot
Digne.

Senftenierg, a to\

in Mifnia, with a >

filler, 3» m nne E

Senlij, a '.own o

pattmeut of Oife,

S EN
Bonaparte previous to the battle of
Marciigo.

Semur en Auxois, a town of France,
in th« department of Cote cl'Or, with
a caftic on a rock, and a maniifadlure
of cinih; fcatcdon the Armancon, 34 m
w by N I)ijon, and i;^5 se Paris.

Semur en Rriennois, a town ot Franco,
in the department of Saone and Loire,
33 m w by 8 Macon, and 4s s Autun.

Sena, or Alarza/i, a tt)wn ot" iMoca-
ranpa, on the river Zamheze, where
the Portugutle have a lactory. Lon. 35
3 t, lat. 17 40 s.

Seneca, a l;>ke and river of New York,
in Oiioiidago county. The lake is 30
m long and z broad, lying n and s be-
twcpn tliofc of Canandaqua and Cayuga.
At ihe N end is the town of Geneva ;
and on the E lide, between it and
Caynga lake, are the military townfliips
of Romulus, Ovid, Hedtor and UlyflTeH.
The river riles to the w of Geneva,
pafl'cs by that town, and receives the
waters of the lake. It afterward receives
the waters of Cayuga lake, Canandaqua
creek, and Salt lake, and then flows into
the Onondago river.

Stnectty a town of New York, in
Onondago county, on the n fide of the
falls in Seneca river, 1*4 m from its
mouth, and a8 s Ofwego.

Seneffi a town of the Netherlands,
in Brabant, where a battle was gained
by the French over the prince of
Orange, in 1674. It is 4 m s Nivelle.

Senegal, a river that rifes in Negro-
land, in (he mountains of Kong, flows
won the fouthern confines of Zahara,
and enters the Atlantic ocean, 120 m
NEof Cape Verd- Its courfe is flexu-
0118 till it arrives within 6 m of the Tea,
when it takes a fudden turn to the s, and
for 75 m is feparated from the lea only
iiy a ridge of land. Its mouth, nearly
J m wide, is incommoded by a fliitting
bar, which renders the palf.ige difficult
and dangerous.

Senegal, a country on the w coaft of
Africa, lying on ariver of thefamename.
The French built a fort on an ifland at
the mouth of the river, and were mai-
lers of the gum-trade. See Feuli, and
Louis, St.

Senez, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Alps, and formerly
the fee of a bilhop. It is feated in a
rough barren country, 15 m sse
Dignc.

Stnftenbergj a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, with a caftle, leated on the
if Ifter, 3a m nnb Drefden.

Senlis, a '.own of France, in the de»
pattmeut of Oife, and lately a bifl)(^'8

SER

fee. It is feated on the fide of a hill,
by the river Nonettf, almolt fiirroiind-
ed by a foreft, ao m nw Meaux, and 27
NK Paris.

Sennar, a city of Nubia, capital of .1
kingdom of the /!ime name. It is 5 m
in circuit, and very populous. The
hoiifi's arc chirlly of nne ftory, with fl:tt
roof's; but the liibuvbs contain only
cottages covered with iceds. The
palace, linroundfd by hig:h walls, is
a confuRd heap (^f buildings. The
heats are alinoll inliipporfaljlc in the
d^iytime, except in tli" rainy feafon,
which bep'ins in April and continues
three months, and then the ur is nn-
wholeibme. The commodities are ele-
phants teeth, tamarinds, civet, tobacco,
and pold-dufl:. Near the palace is a
market fnr Oaves, where the females
fit on one fide and the males on another,
and the Egyptians buy great numbers
of them every year. The merchandifa
required here are fpices, paper, brafs,
hardware, glafs beads, and a black drug,
which is ufed to colour the eyebrows.
The women of quality have flight gar-
ments of filk, and wear rings of va-
rious metals on their hair, arms, legs,
ears, and fingers; thofe of low rank
and girls, have cloths wrappi.d round
them from the wailt to the knees. The
men go almoft naked. Sennar is feated
on an eminence, near the Nile. Lon.
30 o E, lat. 15 4 N.

Sens, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Yonne, and lately an arch-
bifliop'slee. The cathedral is a hand-
Ibme Gothic ftrudure. It is feated in
a fertile country, at the conflux of the
Vanne with 1 he Yon ne, 25 m N Auxerre,
and 60 BE Paris. Lon. 3 17 e, lat. 4I
la N.

Sephoiiry, a town of Syria, in Palel^
tine, the ancient Sephor or S;ipphura,
which was fortified by Herod, and
made the capital of his tetrarchy. It
afterward bore the name of Diocsefaria.
Here are the remains of a ftately Gothic
church, faid to have been ereijted over
the habitation of Joachim and Anna,
parents of the blellld Virgin ; and
among its ruins fonie ancient paintings
were difcoveredin 1801. It is la m SE
Acre, and 18 wnvv Tiberias.

Sepulveda, a town of Spain, in Old
Caltiie, on the river Duraton, 38 m ne
Segovia.

Sera, or Sira, a town of Hindoofl;any
in Mylbre, with a ftone fort of a good
fize. It is the principal place in the
central divifion of the rajah's dominions
N of the Cavery, and carries on a confi-
derable inland commerce. The chief

I

i"-\m»r^

.*■

'm\

S E R

prnducts fent hence arc cocoa-nuts, fu-
gar, betlf nuts, bailc, Inc. flcel, oxen,
biitTaloa, buttrr, and oil The whole of
thf cloth riir»;'(' here is uf» d in the neigh-
bourhood. Since the rtftorHtioJi of the
rajah, in iTiyt), the fort has betn par-
riioncd by l^ntiflj troops. It is 48 m sk
Chittcldroog, and 84 n Sering;<patatn.
Lon. 76 5.^ y, lat. i.^ 36 n.

Sfrai, .1 town of Kuropt an Turkey,
capital of Bo(hia, atul the fee of ,1 ca-
tholic biiliop, appointed by the king of
Hungary. Jt \h laipe and commercial,
and featcd on the Bofna, i\o m w.sw
Belcradf. Lon 19 15 k, lat 44 14 n.

Strnmpnur, a town ot" Ilindoodan, in
Bengal, leattd on tiic Ilouniy, iz m N
Calcutta.

Serchio, a rivfr of Italy, which rifes in
the duchy of Modtia, crofli-s the terri-
tory of Lucca, and enters the gulf of
Genoa.

Serdobol, a town of Ruflia, in the go-
vernment of Wil>nrp:, on the lake La-
doga, 60 ra NNE Wiburg. Lon. 30 15
Ey lat. 61 45 N-

Sered, or Sztre4, a town of Hung.iry,
on the river Waag, 30 m en e Prefburg.

Serena^ a town of Spain, in Eftrcma-
dura, 25 m e by s Mcrida.

Serena, in Chili ; lee Coquimbo-

Strft, or Serfante, an iflaiul of the
Archipelago, lying 5c m nw of Naxia.
It is 8 m long and 5 bioad, and full of
mountains and rocks, in which are mines
of iron and loadftone. The inhabitants
are all Greeks, and have but one town,
called St. Nieolo, which is a poor place.
Lon. 25 10 E, lat. ^j 19 N.

S^rgapr, a town of RuiVia, in the go-
Tcrnment of Niznei Novogorod, 48 m
8E Niznti Novogorod.

>Vrt //>^, a province on the conft of
Bralil, to the s of that of fernambuco.
It produces corn, fugar, and tobacco in
coiifiderablc quantities, and has il.me
filvcr mines

Sergippy, or St- Chriflopher, a town of
Brafil, capita! of the province of Ser-
gippy, with a liarbour for fmall vcflels.
It is ieated at the mouth of the Sergip-
py, 1:0 m NF St. Salvador. Lon. 37 34
w, lat. II 20 s.

Serignan^ a town of France, in the
department of Herault, at the mouth of
the Ombre, in the gulf of Lyon, 8 m se
Beziers.

Seringapatanit or Patana, a city of
Hindooftan, capital of the s diftridt of
Myfore, and lately of the whole coun-
try. It is Iituated on an {{land, 3 m long
and a mile broad, formed by the Cave-
ry, which is here a rapid river, with a
wide and rpcky chauoel. The ,ftre«tfi

are narrow and confufed ; and the gf.
ner.ility of the houles mean. The p,i.
Iac< is very hirpr, and furroundrd hy a
maffy wall of Hone and mud. Wiihout
the walls of the city arc two gardens
antl piiace.i; «nd near to one of them
i."* thi- :n.niibl»Hin of Ilydcr. wherr hji
foi' 'lli> rcpiif-E in ft.ite. In the fpaci;
between tit t y and the two j^ardcnsiu
the fubnrb call d Shahar G^Iljaln, whicli
is rapidly incrciling on a r«gular pi.m.
1'h'' ci'y is ftrungly fortified ; notwilh-
ftandiri},' whicli. lord Cornwallin, in 1791,
here coinpeli<'d Tippoo to (i|.'n a treaty,
by which hecededhiilfof hisdominions,
and a;,'reed to pay a v.dl fiim of money
to the Eii^lilh and their allies: and a
new war breakinj; out in 1799, th«« Bri-
tifli troops carried the fort by an adault,
in which Tippoo wa.i killed. The city
and tlic illand have fince been retained
by the EngIKh, toward the fupport of
th'J late fultan's family. A tnanufai^ure
of gun-carriagts was eftablilhed here in
1802. Seringap.itimis lo m n Myfore,
and 290 w by s Madras. Lon. 76 50 i,
lat. 12 24 N.

Serong, a town of Hindooftan, in
Mahva, celebrated for its manufadiure
of painted cottons ard chintzes. It is
140 m KNE Ougcin. Lon. 78 50 F,lat.

24

N.

Serpa, a town of Portugal in Alen-
tejo, with a caftle, leatcd on a rugged
eminence, near the Guadiana, 38 m 8 by
E Evora.

Serpuchoft a town of RufTia, in the
government of Mofcow, with a citadd
The chiif trade is in corn and cattle;
and here are fhops f(»lely appropriated
to the lale of fandals made of linden
bark. It is feated on tht Nara, near the
Oka, 50 m 8 Mofcow.

SarravaUe, a town of Italj', in Tre-
vifano, with a caftle. It has cloth,
woollen, and filk manufactures, and j
trade in corn, wine, and honey. The
cathedral contains fome fine paintingi,
and the church of St. Augufta is a no-
ble edifice. It U iltuate between two
mountains, at the Iburce of the Maf-
chio, 22 m N Trevifo.

Serr s, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper-Alps, 23 m sw Gap,

Servia, a province of European 'lur-
key, 190 m long and 95 broad ; bound-
ed on the N by the Danube and Save,
which feparate it from Hungary, Eby
Bulgaria, s by Macedonia and Albania,
and w by Bofnia. It is divided into
four fangiacates, Belgrade, Semendriah,
Scupio, and Cratowo. Belgrade is th{
capital.

St^a, ^ ntvr dppartm^nt.of Fwnc*,

,ind joins (he Po,

SBT

Incbu^ltiR thf territories of Vercelll and
MallfiHiio in I'u'ilmont, ai\(i that part
of MiUnt'f*- lying w of the liver Tt-fin.
It lias its name from a riv(.T, whicii rilijs
in tin; Alpi on the borders of Vulnifi,
nnd joins ihv !*«>, below Calal. The
chi'f town h Vcrcrlli.

Sei'slach, a town and caftle of Fran-
cotiia, in ihc principality of Hambcrg,
,6 m N Binibtrg.

Sijiot a town of Italy, in Milancfe,
fcatt-d on the IVfin, where it ifTiH-H from
tiif lake Mafrpiore, 15 m wnw Milan.

Scjlos, a llrung cadlf of European
Tnikcy. Sei- Dtinlanelles.

Stfiire, Cnwd, or (ireat Paris, a town
of Gnintfa, on tin* Gr;Hn coalt ; near
wliich is Petit Seltre. It is one of the
liiru'cft and moft commercial towns in
theconntry. Lon. 7 o w, lat. 4 50 n.

Si'jiri di Levaiite, a town of the ter-
ritory of Genoa, feated on the e fide
of a bay, 30 m ksk G«noa.

Se tclieou, a city of Chin.;, of the firft
xmV, in the province of Koei-tcheou.
It is iiiuatt' among monntains, which
yield cinnabar and <jiiickfilver, 980 m
ssw Peking. Lon. 108 25 E, lat. 27

JO N.

Sftc/iuen, a province of China, bound-
ed on the N by Chcn-li, e by Houquang,
s by Koei-tclieon, and w by Tibet. It
is watered by the Kian-ku, produces a
greatqnantity of lilk,aiid is rich in iron,
tin, lead, amber, lugar-caiies, lapis la-
zuli, muflc, rhubarb, &c. Tcbing-tou
is the capital.

Seteef, a town of Algiers, in the pro-
vince of Conftantina. It was the an-
cient Sitipha, capital of a part of Mau-
ritania ; but fcarcely a fragment is left
of its former grcainefs, except the fo ..i-
tains ; the few remaining llrudtures be-
ing obviously the work of later inhabit-
iiiits. It is 50 m sw Conftantina. Lon.
< 36 E, lat. 35 58 N.

Sttimo, a town of Piedmont, feated
on the I'o, 8 m n Turin.

Setlege, a river of Hindooftan, the
molt cafterly of the five enllern branches
of the Indus. About midway from its
Iburce, it receives the Bey ah, at Firofe-
pour, and joins the Indus at Veh.

Sette, a town of Guinea, in the coun-
try of G.ibon, which has a great trade
in logwood, fent in veflels to Mayamba.
It ftands on a river of the fame name,
60 m from its mouth, and iio nne
Mayatnba. Lon. 10 ao e, lat. z o "•

Settenil, a town of Spain, in Granada,
S m N Ronda, and 38 nw Malaga.

Seuia^ a town of the ifland of Candia,
and a Greek bilhop's fee, 48 m ese
f^andia. ]^on. 46 z %, lat. 35 3 n.

SE V
Settle^ a town in W Yorlcfliirr, with
a market on TiieCday. About 2 n\ to
the E is Attermire Cave, containing
numberlefs chinks and reccfles, fluted
pillais, nnd hanging petrifadlions. At
the I'kf diftancc to the n is Oigglr-f-
wickWell, a reciprocating Ipring, wliich
will l^'in times rile and fall near a foot,
in a (lone 1 rough ab(nu a yard fqiiarc,
every 10 or 15 minutes. Settle it tVatcd
on tlic nibble, j8 m nnw Halifax, atid
z^c, London.
Sftiival't fee U6es, »SV.
Se'Vfti Ijlnnds, illands in the Frozen
ocean, lying in lon. iH 48 k, lat. 80 31
N. Here captain I'hipps, with twolhips,
were liirroiiiided by the ice. from the
I ft to the loth of Anpnit 1773, whi-n a
brilk wind at n ne cffeded their deliver-
ance.

Seirn IJlands, iflan"' near the coaA: of
Canada, on the k tide of the mouth of
the St. La»vrence, at the entrance of a
imall bay. Lon. (56 5 w, lat. 50 jo n.
Seven Ijlands, liefmhlir. ofy compofed
of fevcn ifli's in the Meditcrrane-tn fea,
on the wellern coalt of Greece, namely
Corfu, Paxu, St. Maura, Theaki, Ccta-
lonia, Zante, and Cerigo. Thefe iflands
belonged to Venice, and on the fall of
that republic were occupied by the
French, but were taken from them by
the Ruffians, who, in iBoc, formed thctn
into a republic, which was recognili;d
by the treaty of Amiens. The govern-
ment is ariflocratical ; and the religion,
that of the Greek church ; but the Ro-
man catholic religion is protcded, and
all others tolerated. Corfu is the feat
of government.

Sevenbergen, a town of Dutch Rri-
bant, lately a lordlhip belonging to the
prince of Orange, 8 m wnw Hreda.

Se-venoaks, a town in Kent with a
market on Saturday. Here is a frce-
fchool, firft credted by fir William Sc-
venoaks, lord mayor of London in 14 iH,
who is faid to have been a foundlinc,
charitably educated by a perfon of tins
town. Queen Elil'abeth having aug-
mented its revenues, it was called Queen
Elifabeth's School ; and the whole was
rebuilt in 1727. Near this town id
Knole, formerly a palace of the lee of
Canterbury, but now belongs to the earl
of Dorfet. In 1450, the rebel John
Cade defeated the royal army near this
town. It is 6 m N w Maidftone, aod 23
SSE London.

Sever, St. a town of France, in the
department of Landcs, feated on the
A dour, 20 tn B Dax, and 65 s by s
Bourdeaux.

Severacy a town of Franc;', in the

!•■

..■ ,|:

I

»*.■

''M-

I

I'..,

WrJl

', k '

S E V
d^pirtmenl of Avciron, on the river
Avciron, nenr its foiirc*", i.? m i Rodrz.
Sfverin, a town of European Tur-
key,in Wubchi.1, ll-atcd on thr Danube,
6 m w C'zernctz.

Severina, St. a fortified town of N.l-
pU'ii» in Calubria Ultra, nnd an arcl)bi>
Ihop'i (PC. It 1« fcated on a craggy
rock, by the river Ncto, H m from the
ft 1, nnd 4S »t KotFano. Lon. 17 14 e,
lat \<.) te, N.

Sevrrino, >'/■ a town of Italy, in the
maiqu Idti- of Ancona, ieatcd betwcrn
twi) hills, on the river Potcnza, 13 m
AVsw M.ili-rata.

Severinn, St- a town of Napln, in
IVincipato Citra, on the river Sarno. 10
ni *v>w P.ilicaltro.

Silvern, a livt-r rhat haR its rife in the
mountain Piynlinimon. in Wuies. Flow-
ing' firlt acrofa M iit>ionu'iy(hire, it en-
ters Shropfliirc above the liryilitn hills,
and is navigable i') '*"- whole coiirle
through thiR county . itthcn entt-rsWor-
celhrlhirt, and runs iiuongh its whole
length into Glouiv llrifh re. In itsconile
itwati'rsLlanvdlnrs.Ntwton,Welftipooi,
Shrfwfbury, Bridti'iiorth, Bewdley,
Worccltti, Upton. Tewki'fbury, Glou-
ccAer, and rfiiivnliain. where it begins
to widen roh^ds rably ; and entering
the Tea, its month is called the Briitol
Cihannel. This riv<^r has a communica-
tion with the Thames, the Trent, the
Dee, and the Merlcy, by different ca-
nals.

Severn, a river of Maryland, which
Waters Annapolis, and enters by a broad
dhiary into C^efipeak bay.

Severndroo!f, a Itnall ifland of Hindoo-
flan, on the coaft of Concan. Here was
a ftrong fort that belonged to Angria
the pirate, which was taken by commo-
dore James, in 1756. It is 68 m s by E
Bombay.

Se-vero^ St. a town of Naples, in Ca-
pitanata, fcated in a plain, 26 m w by n
Alanfredoni.-i, and 75 ne Naples.

Severus Wall, commonly called Gra-
ham's Dike, in thew of Scotland. It is
a work of the Romans, fnppofed to be
done by the emperor whole name it
bears, to prevent the incurfions of the
Picts and Scots It began at Abercom,
on the frith of Forth, 4 m ne Linlith-
gow, and ran w to the frith of Clyde,
ending at Kirkpatrick, near Dumbarton.

Scvigny, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Ardennes, i a m nw Rethel.

Seville^ a city of Spain, capital of
Andalufia, and an archbifhop's fee, feat-
ed on the Guadalquiver. It was the
capital of the kingdom, till Philip n
cftabliihed his court at Madrid, as a

SE V

more Cffntricil pofition. Seville in (.f|
round form, fortihcd bv (Irong wa!|»
flanked with high toweri, and takcMip
more ground than Madrid, although it
now hag not abov 'ccoo inhabitantn.
The Phenicians t . ,cd it Hilp.Uis, .ind it
is the Julia of the Romans, who embt-l-
jillied it with many magnificent build-
ings. 'I'he Moors built an aquedud>,
ftill to be (ten, 6 m in length. The ca-
thedral is by fome fuppoled to be the
largeft church in the world next to
St. Peter's at Rome ; the ftecplc it of
Arabian architetihne, and very high,
confiding of three towers, one above
another, with galleriei and balconies.
The churches and convents are opulent
and beautiful; of the latter, that of St.
I'Vancis is adorned with a handlome
public (quare, in the midft of which is
a fine fountain. The univcrfity confilU
of many colleges ; but is almoft folcly
appropriated to the education of the
clergy. The inquifition is a noble build-
ing, and was formerly the college of the
jefuits. The royal palace, called Alca-
zar, was partly built after the antique
by the Moors, and partly in the modern
tafte by king Pedro; it is a mile in ex-
tens and flanked by large fquare lowers,
built will) (tones taken from the ancient
temple of Hercules. Here is a royal
foundery, and one of the largert depots
for artillery in the kingdom. The prin-
ciiMl rnanufadlurps are filk ; and behind
the Alcazar, is a royal tobacco and fniiff
manufaflurc. The exchange is a fquare
building of the Tulcan order, each front
ICO feet, and three llories high. The
townhoufe is adorned with a great num.
ber of ftatues, and before it has a large
f(|uare, with a fine fountain in the mid-
dle. There are 1 20 hofpitals richly en-
dowed. The fiiburb of Triano ftands
on the other fide of the river, over which
is a long bridge of boats ; and here arc
public walks, where many of the inha-
bitants go to take the air. The fitiia-
tion of Seville renders it one of the mod
commercial towns of Spain. All the
trade of that kingdom with the New
World centered originally in its port,
at St. Lucar ; but that of Cadiz having
been found more commodious, the gal-
leons have failed from that place fincc
1720. Si:ch vaft employment did the
American trade give at one period, that
in Seville alone there were no fewer
than 16, oco looms in filk and woollen
work ; but, before the end of the reign
of Philip 11/, they were reduced to 400.
The country around is extremely fertile
in corn, wine, &c. and there is abund-
ance of oil ; for to the w of the river ii

SUA

J grove of olive tr«:e8 ^o in ?n length.
Sfvillc wa» cnfred by tlvc French in
iHio; in i8ta thry cvaciiitrd it in part,
and loon aft<'i thu rermindur were dri-
ven out by aliault. It iH 41 n\ iVumthc
Atlaiiiic, and zia saw Madrid. I/m. 5
39 w, lat. :i7 14 N.

Sfvret, 'i'lvo, a drpnrtmcnt of Fr.inct?.
imliidiiii? part of the late provinci' of
l»i)it()ii. It is li) n.imed from two livers
tint nfc Iktc ; one, called Scvre Nior-
tois, Mows w by St. JVI.iixciit, Niort,
and MaraiiH, into the hay oi Bilcay, op-
poliie the illc of Kc ; and the other,
ninud St.'vre N.intois, takes a n w direc-
tion, panVs by Clillbn, and enters the
Loiiv, oppolitc Nantes. Niort is the
capital'

Sewalkkt .1 chain of mountainii in
Afia, bordering on the country of Siri-
ii.igur and th«! province of Delhi. The
G.uiges forces itu way through this ridge
into tlio plains of Ilindooflan, ut Hud<
Wiir.

Si-i/Jcl, a town of France, in the de-
p irtincnt of Ain, divided into two parts
by the Rhone, which here begins to be
navigable. It is 14 m n by e Belli-y.

Sezanne, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Marne, a; m nw Troyes,
and 65 »E Paris.

Sezza, a town of Naples, in Terra di
Lavoro, 14 m Nw Capua.

S/ax, or Sfakes, a feaport of Tunis,
from which u great part of the traffic of
Cairoan is exported. It is feated on
the E coaft, 53 m s by e Sufa. Lon.
10 40 B, lat. 34 50 N.

S/iabur, a town of Egypt, on the w
branch of the Nile, 48 m se Alexandria,
and 50 NNw Cairo.

Shaftjhury, a borough in Dorfetfliire,
jjovernt-d by a mayor, with a market on
Saturday. It Hands on a hill, wherii
water is fo fcarce, that the poor get a
living by fetching it from a great dil-
tance; and it had formerly 10 parilh
churches, which are now reduced to
three. It is 25 m n nb Dorchefter, and
loow by s London.

Shaftjburt/, a town of Vermont, in
Bennington county, 10 m n Bennington.

Shahar, or Sa/iar, a ieaport of Ara-
bia, in Hadramaut, 1 10 m ssw Shibam.
Lon. 48 40 E, lat. 13 50 N.

Hhahjehnnpour, a town of Hindooftan,
in Malwa, 30 ne Ougoin, and 196 s
Agimere.

Sham; itt Damafcus.

Shannon, the largeft river of Ireland,
which iffues from Lough Allen, in the
county of Leitrim, and running s divides
tho province! of Leinfter and Connaught;

. SHE

It then turns sw, paffi-j hy the city of*
Limerick, and enter* the Atl.intic occ.ui,
between the counties of Clare and Li-
merick.

Shap, a vill.ige in Woftmoroland, at
the Iburce of the Loder, between Or-
ton and IVnrith. It had once a famouiv
abbey, which ftood about a mile w from
th(- church, of which little remains, ex-
cept the tower of its churcli, and the
ruins of a brid-je. In the vicinity arc
Come gn-at ftonet, like pyramids, placed
almofi in a direct line, iov a mile toy;**-
ther, from 10 to \i yards dittancc.'of
fuch immenle weit;ht,that carriages now
in ul'e c >uld not iupport tliem.

Sliapinjha, one of the Orkney ifluids,
lying 3 in from the nk part of Po.nona.
It is 7 m long and 5 broad, (ome^vhat
in the form of a crols. The C(m(Is are
level and produce grafs and corn, hut
the middle part is high, an<l fit only for
(heep palture. The harbour of l.lwick,
on the sw p^rt, is the only one of the
inaiid, where theie iti a little vidagc.
SItaroot ; fee Blflnn,
Sharpjhurff, a town of Maryland, in
Wafhington county, a m from the Po-
tomac, and 6o nw Walhington.
Sheeras's li^e Shiras.
Slieernejs, a town in Kent, on the s
point of the ifle of Shepy, at the mouth
of the Medway, 3 m n Qjjeenborough.
A fort was built here by Charles n,
after the infult of the Dutch, who burnt
the naen of war at Chatham, in 1667 ;
and it has lince been confiderably aug-
mented and ftreugthened. There is alfo
an ordnance office, a dock yard, and a
cinpcl.

Sheffield, a town in W Yorklhire, with
amarketonTuefday. It hasj churches,
9 meeting- houies, and a Romilh chapel ;
alfo a large infirmary and feveral chari-
table foundations. This town has been
long celebrated for its various hardware
munufaiflures, which confift particularly
of cutlery ware, plated goods, and but-
tons. Here are alio lead works and a
cotton mill, and the neighbourhood
abounds with coal. It is fi>attd at the
conflux of the Sheaf with the Don,
which is navigable within 3 m of the
town. The mafter cutlers are about
600, incorporated by the Ityle of Cut-
lers of Hallamlhire. The number of
inhabitants was 31,314 in 1801, and
35,840 in ]8ri. It is 54 m ssw York,
and i6a m n'nw London. Lon. i 29 w,

lat- e^^ 20 N.

Sheffield, a town of Maflachufets, iti
Berklhire county, on the e fide of the
Iloulatonic, 145 m w by s Bofton.

r^5

¥

r

-J

,1
■■i

HliffTcrd^ a tow n in Pedfortldiii'f , ^\i\\
n iii.iiUi'i 4)11 Friilay, •i-atol un the Ivcl,
<; n\ »k, Uciltuiii, and 41 m l^y w Luii-
tlnn.

Shelhitrni; a town of Nova Srotia, nt
the luud of a buy called l'i>rt Koltway.
It * xtetidh a nt un the watc r fule, uiul .1
null- liackward, with wule Itreets cioll-
inp eiiL'l) other nt right nngleii. The
haihoui' ir. dnp, capuioiis, ami I'lciire.
Alioiil a \\v\v tium Shilbiinie, and ll*-

S.iiattd liom it liy a fni.ill riv<r, is ihc
lacl» 'l*i\vn, pcup ed by about 1100
fiee blacks, who lirv«d on the royal lide
during tlu: Amt'rican war. Shelburne
JH K'o n\ sw Ilalitax- Lun. 65 o w, iat.
43 -Jfi N.

Slulla, a town t>f Morocco, which
none but Moh mtcdans are allowed to
enter. It ih 4 in k S.iIIc.

Shcllif, the iargid uv\r of the kiiijf-
dom ot Aluifr.-, wliich t>il-«H its rilV in
the defert» Hows n tliroutjb the lake
Titrri, then turns w ;ind enters the Me-
diienan»"an to the n of MuAagam. In
its conrfe it nci ives the Midroe, Har-
btt ne, Toddah or Silver River, the Ar-
chcw, Mina, VViirifla, and Fagia.

Shenandoah^ a river of Virginia, which
rifes in Aiigulta county, flows n e aoo m,
and enters the I'oioinac at Shcpherdf-
tuwn. It ih navigable about jog m.

Shepherds Ijles, a clufter of iflands,
part of tht. Niw Hebrides, in the Pnci-
tic ocean, to the s of MalicoUo. Lon.
168 42 E, Iat. i6 58 s.

Shefherdjio'U'fit a town of Virginia, in
Berkley county, feated on ihe Potomac,
at the influx of the Shenandoah. 60 m
Kw Alexandria.

Shifpy, an ifland in Kent, at the
mouth ot the 1'iiames, feparated from
the mainland by a branch of the Med-
way, called the I'aft Swale. It yields
plenty of corn, and feeds numerous
Ihecp. It contains the borough of
Queenborough and the fort of Sheer-
rcTs.

Shepton Malht, a town in Somerfet-
Ihiie, with a market on Fiiday, and a
matiufadlure of woollen cloth; leated
under the Mendip hills, 17 m sw Bath,
and 116 w IaukUju.

Sherbom, a town in Doifetlhire, with
a market on Thurlday and Saturday.
It was (ormeily a bifliop's i(:c, and had
tlirte churches, though now but one,
which was the cathedral, and in it are
interred the Saxon kings Elhelbald and
Ethelbert. It had alfo a caftle and an
abbey, now in ruins. Here is a free-
Ichool found) d by Edward v i ; alfo two
fiik toills, and a lineu oianufaAurc. It

S FII

ik feattd on the l',»rrtt, 16 m N by \r
Doichi-fter, ami 116 w by ^ London.
L(jn. a 4 I w, 1 it i5>^ «4 N.

Shtr/jiii, a fort of (Ininea, at the
mouth ot Sl'rrbi o river, which ri-par.iiii
the caintry of Si«rri Lfctie from ti.e
firain coall. It bclonpn totf.e Eiiplilh,
and is joo m st of the rirer Sieira
Leone. l.ot>. now, Iat. 7 o nt.

S/ieiburti, a town in W Vorkihirc,
with a maikt t on Friday, I'lMtcil on ili-r
NN'crk, which foon join* the Onfe, ii,n\
»w York, and 179 n by w LundiJU.

She rburn \ lee iSanttickel,

Shtreviin, a town «)f Aii.rtic Turki";,
in Kiirdirtan, on the river Diala, 60 m
Nt.'K Bagd.xl, and 1:0 ■'- by v. K'.'rkowk.

Shtre.:..ur ', fee Solymnnin-

SherjleU a town <<r Ai;;ieri, in the
ptovince of Mafcara, formerly of grcst
impoitance, but now in ruins. It in uid
to have been deftroyt d by an euitli-
(|nal<e, and tnat the arfenal and mui./
other buildings, were precipitated into
the harbour J the ruinr. being ftill villi Ik
at low wattr. It is famous for pottery,
and for Heel and iron miinnfadurts. It
is 60 m w by s Algiers. Lon. 3 48 t,
Iat. 33 43 N.

Shetland, or Zetland, the general name
of about 40 iflandf^^ many of them vMy
irnall, lying 100 m nnu of Caithnel's, in
Scotland, between 59 56 and 61 i^, m
Iat. The name'! ot the principal are
Mainland, Yell, Unlt.BrelVay, and Fiila.
Of the 29 inhabited ones the population
was 33,.37Qin iHoi, and 22,915 i" li^n-
The deicription given of Mainland, the
largeft, will ^ive an idea of the others;
and the particulars ot the climate, inha-
bitants, &c. arc much the lame as in the
Orkneys. Shetland united to Orkney
forms one of the counties of Scotland.

Shevagun^a, a town of Hindoottan,
in Mylbrc, 25 m nw Bangalore.

Shibam, a city of Arabia, capital of
the province of Hadramaut, and there-
lidence of a fheik. It is 300 m e Saiia.
l..on. 49 40 E( Iat. 15 25 N.

Shields, ISorth, a I'eaport in Norlh-
umberland, on the river Tyne, near ita
mouth, with a markit on Wednifday.
It has wide and airy ftreets in every di*
re(5tion, and, with South Shielda on the
oppofite lide of the river, may be deem-
ed the port of Newcaftle ; for the
largeft veflt'ls are Rationed here to take
in their lading, which is brought down
in barges and lighters. It extends to
Tynemouth on the e, and many ele-
gant detached manfiona are erected in
the neighbourhood. The number of
inhabitants was 7380 in i8eif and 7699

S I

in 181 f. It 5« 7 "1

and 2 7« « ''Y w l.o

Ui. <4 58»'-

Shields, South, a
of Durham, on the
Korth Shields, wit
joy» all the adv.u
commerce in comn
If confirti princip
lUtet, 3 m in In
{^•\\\ nf ne.ir the mii
vill'ls are built h(
fi)nriitfrabl'.' fait W(
works. The numb
8105 in 1801, and
joining, on the s, i:
that contained 616.
South Shie; ..i is 1
and 27 5 >< by w L(
Shifnal, a town
market on Friday,
and i.t.i NW Lond
Shilelash, a vill,
county of Wi. klov
Here are the remai
the moft celebrati
oak, which was
parts, and is ftill 1
Weftminfter-hall,
buildings on the c
Shin, Loch, a la
s part of Suthti!
and 2 broad. At
the rapid river Sh
the head of the fri'
ishipfienjburg, a I
in Cumberland co
Conedogwinnet cr
the Snlquchana, 1
Shif>Jhn, a towr
Worccfterlhire. f
wicklhirc, with i
fested on the Sto
»nd 83 NW Lond(
Hhiras, or Shee\
capital ot Farfiftai
afpacious plain,
by lofty mountain
furrounded by a w
round towers at tl
and ii adorned wi
and noble edifices
of brick, but plal
ferable walls of r
good bazars and <
nufaftureg of fw
glafs-ware. Thi
government und
Khan, who eretS
buildings in and
vicinity are nun
with gardens; a
Shiras are deeme
Ttic tomb of th<

8 11 I

in iJfif. It U 7 m E liy N Nfwc.iftl**,
jiid 276 K hy w Luiuluii. Loii. : 4 w,

lai. <4 5« »»■

Shields^ South, a town in the county
of DuriMm, on th»' rivfr Tyne, oppol.ic
North SItiftils, with which pl.u-i- it lu-
juyii all tlic .ulvantRftrn of trulc ami
commerce in common with Ncw:a(llc
It confifti principally of one n.-vrrow
rtriet, a m in length, with an open
Jir)iiiii' rn'ar th«" middle. M;iiiy trading
vill'It arc built here, .^nd it Ii.ih very
ciinlidfrald'.' fait worlf<, and (cvcr.d gl iin
works. The number of iidiaWit.ints wan
810; in iM'Ji, and 9001 in iKii. Ad-
joining, on the s. is Wcl\oe, a towiilhip
that contained 6164 inhabit.ints in iHii.
South Shit-i .i is ii^ m nnu Uurhum,
and 275 ■'^ ''V w London.

Sfii/iial, a town in Shropfhire, with a
market on Friday, 9 in nk Bridgcnurth,
and t.\,] NW London.

S/ii/t/tij^/i , a village of Irt land, in the
county ut Wi>. klow, 5 m sw Tincinly.
liert' ar« the remains of a foroft, once
the mon. cel(;hrati'd in Ireland for its
oak, which was exported to various
parts, and is ftill (hown in the roof of
Wcftminfter-hall, aixl of fonic ancient
buildings on the continent.

Shin, Loch, a lak<; of Scotland, in the
!> part of Suthcrl.mdlhire, 15 tn long
and 1 broad. At itb f k t-xtremlty ifl'ues
tlic rapid river Shin, which flows into
the head of the frith of Dornoch.

Shipfienjhtirf(, a town of Pennfylvania,
in Cumberhuid county, on a branch of
Coiiedogwinntt creek, which flows into
the Snlquchana, 21 m wkw Carlifle.

Shifijhn, a town in a detached part of
Worceftcrlhirt*. furrounded by War-
wickfhire. with a marki.c on Friday ;
feated on the Stour, 14 m w Banbury,
and 83 NW London.

Shiras, or Sheiraz, a city of Perfia,
capital ot Farfiftan, feated at the end of
afpacious plain, bounded on all fuks
by lofty mountains. It is 5 m in circuit,
furrounded by a wall, with fix gates, and
round towers at the diftance of 80 paccb;
and is adorned wiili many tine molqucs
and noble edifices. The houfes are built
of brick, but plaftered over lb as to re-
ferable walls of mud. Here are many
good bazars and caravanliuies, nifo ma-
nufactures of fwords, fire arms, and
glafs-ware. This city was the feat of
Kovernment under the revered Kerim
Khan, who ere<5ted many of the fine
buildings in and near this place. In the
vicinity are numerous fummerhoufea,
with gardens ; and the rich wines of
Shiras are deemed the beft in all Perfia.
The torab of the celebratsd poet Hafiz

S II R
Ii in a tarprc R.trden on the s% fide of
the city, about i m from the wall} and
at the foot of the mountainii, in the-
Came dirrtilion, is the toml> of Sadi.
ShiraH Ih 190 m s by k Ifpulian. l.on.
5i 44 I , lat. iq 36 N.

Hi/onUj, lilfi Qf\ fitvrn (mill iflandnon
the coaft of New Ili'iiplliirc They lie
convrniintly for tlic cndhfhcry, which
was formcily c.irrii-d on lu-rc to great
advania^i;.

Shot^lir, a town of Syria, with an ex-
ci'lleiit caravaiifary, Iratrd on the Ali,
l!) n\ b by k Aiilio<:h, and 4";s<v .Ab-ppo.

IShuoml'at, one of the Kiirile ijlandt),

3 leagues s of Cape Lopvtka, in Kamt-

Ichatk.i. The inhabitants conlilk of a

lixtnre of natives and Kamtfchadalcs.

bee Kuriles.

Shooteri Hill, a village in Kent, on a
hill lb called, 8 m kse London. From
this eminence U a very cxtenfivc pro-
fpcct, and the river Thames makes a
magnificf lit appearance. On the w part
of the hill is a triangular tower, erodted
to commemorate the redudtion, in 1756,
of Severndroog, a ftroiig fort in Hindoo-
ftan : it is called Severndroog Ciftle,
and contains Ibme of the arms, orna-
ments, &c. taken from the t-nc ny.

Shoreham, a borough in Sulllx, with
a market on Saturday. It is commonly
calh'd New Shon ham, to diftinguifti it
from the Old, which lies near i*, and it
now of little account. It Hands on an
arm of the lea, into which veflels cm
enter with the tide ; and many fmall
velFels are built here. It is 19 m wnw
Newhavtn, and 56 s by w London.

Shreiwjhury, a borough and the capr-
tal of Shroplhire. governed by a mayor,
with a market on V\ ednclday, Thiitf-
day, and Saturday. It is li-atcd on a
peninfula formed by the Severn, over
which are two bridgi->s, and furrounded
by a wall, in which are three gates. It
contains five cluircheH, and had for-
merly a c iltle and abbt-y, bo^h now in
ruins. The number of inhabitant.'^ was
16,631 in 1801, and 18,543 in 18 n.
Here are la incorporated trading com-
panies, and Ibme of them have neat
halls. It is the chief mart for a coarfe
kind of woollen cloth made in Mont-
gomerylhire, called Wellli webs ; and
for all forts of Wellh tommoditics,
which are genciilly boujjht in a rough
ftate at W'ellbpool, and finilhed here.
It is alfo famous for excellent brawn
and delicate cakes; and in the environs
is a large manufadture of coarfe linens.
Here is a fi ee-l(:hool fuimded by Edward
vj, and afterward rebuilt and more
largely endowed by queen Klifabeth,

t

s r A

In tt^_\, I'«l\vaul I hcM A pxrtiitmrnl
hcrr, when llu- lords Int in ilit- calllr,
aiul thr ciirnmi>iis in 4 burn. Another

{Mriiiimmt W44 liiM h«Tc in t\qj, by
<ich.iril 11. No tr thin town, in 140)1
W,4«t.>nj;lit till I) If tic lictwtrii llciirv IV
and Hiiiiy IVt' y, ni< knarinHJ Hoilpur,
In which the I uitr wai dclr.itrd and
fl.iiii. Surcwlbury it .\-) m h,» Chfllcr,
and 15J Nw Loiutuii. Lull, a 41 w, Ut

Shrrwjlurt/, .1 l«»wn of Nfw Jcrf> y,
in Mnnuioiiili county, with thric tdi-
fici'« for piiMii: worfliip If in a plac of
gtnttil rclort in thi* liMinur tnontlii,
and icattd niMr tin* Icacotift, 4^ m r. by
N 'I'rrnton.

Shrof>jhirSi a county of i'lnj^hmil,
hound«'d on the n by Chtlliirc and a
detached part ot" Miiillliiit, k by Stal-
ford(bir«*, «E by Worfclicrlliire, s by
HcrcfoiclJhirc, .iw by Uailiuitlhiro, and
w by the counties of Montgoniciy and
Denbi)(h. It is 30 m lon^; and 40 bro.idi
containing 8i;7ii)io acres \ is divided
into 13 bundredH, and 216 parithcs ; has
17 market towns ; and lends 11 mcm-
berh to parliament. The number of
inhabitants was 167. 6^)9 in tiioi, iind
194,298 iniHri. 'I'ht' foil is gcner:illy
fruitlul, efpcciaily in the n anvl E parts,
which produce plenty of wheat and
barley ; but the s and w beiu^- moun-
tainouH, arc Id's fertile, yet yield Ajf-
ficient palfurc for flieep and cattle.
This county abounds with Icid, cop-
per, iron, limeltone, frteftonc, pipe-
clay, bitumen, and coal. The princi-
p.il rivers are the Severn and the Teme.
The capital is Shrewfbury.

Shumbla, a ftrong town of European
Tmkcy, in Bul;;ari<i. It commands the
pa<s over the mountainsi and is 120 m
NNw Conltantinoplc.

Shutejhury^ a town of MalTachufL'ts,
in Hampdiire county, on the k iidc of
the Connecticut, 16 m nnr Northamp-
ton.

Siam^ a kingdom of Afia, bounded
on the N by Birmah, k by f.nos and
('ambudia. s by the gulf of Siam and
Malacca, and w by the bay of Bengal
and I'egu. It is 650 m long and from
50 to 250 broad ; and isdivitled into the
Upper and Lower. The principal river
is the Menan, which flows s through
its whole length into the gulf of Siam;
It is a flat country, and in the rainy
fealbn is overflowed by the river ; for
which reafon mofl of the houfes are
built of bamboos upon ports, and have
no communication for fome months
but by boats. There are mines of gold,
niver, iron, leadi tin, and copper;

HIA

and plenty of prpper, rice, cotton,
aluri. bti'j.imin, and mufk. Thr t,iin<-
cattle an liceveN, hutfaloi. and linirn ;
the woudi* altound with clephantN, un.
nocrrolcti Icopardri, and tiger* i licliilc
which th<rc are ciocoiIiIm and lar^f
frrpcnti. The Sianiele, Imth men .md
Women, go almoA naked, having oiily
a piccr of cilico or (ilk girded lonml
tlicir waiilh} but the better fort wtur
rich garments. They an* (mail, Imt
Will (hapi'd, havr Luge forehead , I'ltle
th>lcH, li.iiidlomi' niouthi. (>lninp lip<,
and lilu'k Ip.irkling e)ei Tfur min.irc
ol an olive colour, with little beaul;
but the women are of a (traw com-
picxinn, ;iiii! Cirm* h.ivc their chetkn ,1
little ted. They are relpevMful to ihr
age<l ; bigging is dinionorable, and
tln'ft iiifaniou% ; adultery i« vtry rare.
The furniture of their houf;:* is as fim-
pic as their «lre(s and diet ; which l.ill
confirta chiefly of rice and fUh. Tliouuh
an indolent people, they are ingenious,
and excel in the fabrication of gold, in
fireworks, and in miiii.iture painting.
The king fhowj bimfelf but once a
year to the common people. He is pro-
prietor of all the buds in tl.r- country,
and keeps a numerous army, among
which are 3000 elephants. The reli-
gion and liiii>;uage of th«' Siamefe rcfem*
bles that of the Birmar- Their tempb
and priells arc very numerous ; the Lit-
ter aie diltinguiflied from the laity by
an orange-ctdoured garment, and they
keep their heads, beards, and eyebrows
dole fli.ived. They have fchools for
the education of their children, and
there is Icaice any among diem but an
read and wi itc. 'I'liis country has been
iTuich opi)iiircd by the Hirnians ; and
in 1793 the king of Siam entered into a
treaty of peace, by which he ceded the
niaritiini: towns on thi: bay of Bengal)
to the king of Birmah.

Sianif or Jutliia, a city, capital of
the kingdom of Siam. It contains a
great number of temples, convents,
chapels, columns, and other decora-
tiuns. The king's palace, and fome
ollier.s, only exceed the common li.ibi-
latious by occupying a mote cxtcn-
live I'pacc, being better conUrufltd,
and of a greater height, but never ex-
ceed one flour. The Dutch have a
fadory here, and merchants from dif-
ferent countries come here to trade. In
1766, this city was taken by the Bir>
mans. It is fituate on an ifland in the
river Menan, 50 m m of its mouth in
the gulf of Siam, and 360 se Pegu., .
Lon. 10050 E, lat. 14 18 N.

Slang-yangf a city of China, of the

part!), and a yell

./

SIB

flift ctafit in the province of Houquiing,
oil the rivrr Hm, 3jo m Kw Peking.
Lon. Ill 40 u, lit. 315 M.

Siara • lee Stam

Sai/ioi, « town of Ruflla, In the jro-
vMnm^'iit of Pctirfhiirg, near thu Uke
I,4d<iK>if 14 ni ^'i'' New Lado,(4. Lun.

]0 t7 »'• lit do 16 N.

Siberhif A cotintry of Afu, compre-
hcMiliii); the priiu-ip.ll Alt;ilic patt of
the Rnflun rmpirc. it is boumled on
the B by tin* P,(nlic oc«Mn, 11 l»y Ore.4t
T.irtary, w by I'.nropean Rnflli, and n
by thi' Fro7,« n ocean. It cxtriKU 3500
m iVom K to w, and 1 aoo trum n to
6, cont.iiniiig the h.\lf of Afia. The u
part i« fcrlilc, producing all the tieccl-
liiriei of life ; hut the n and r. p.irti
are extremely cold .ind tiiiii of people,
prclrniing vaft marlliy pl.ilnn, covered
with almod perpetual (how, and pi;r-
vadt'd by cnorn)ouit rivcru, whic^s un-
der malTefJ of ice. purCue thiir ioiirit:
to tljf Airtic ocean ; there arc alii) ex-
tciifiv.- plains, called ftcpps, which are
fomt-wliit iiinilar to tht; Tandy dflerts
of Africa. Ilcrc are inexhaultibic fu-
reds of birch, alder, lime. Sec- and mil-
lions if noble trees of the pine ?iind.
Till' Siheriin plum and cruh, themtMin-
taiiin(h| Tartarian mulberry and honey-
fuckle, and Daourian role, torm thick-
lets i>f ex'enfive beauty; under Shelter
of which arifc mnltiiudcs of plants, par-
ticularly the yellow larine lily and the
libiiicum i the roots of the former are
a favorite food with the Tartarian
tribes, and from the dried (talks of the
other, the natives procure a Ikccharine
(flflorefcence, from which they make a
coarA! ardent fpirit. The principal
riches of Siberia conflft in fine (kins
and furs, and minrs of ^old, filver,
iron, lead, and copper. Several kinds
of precious ftones are found here, par-
ticuLirly topazeb of a very fine luftre;
it alfo affords magnets of an extiaordi-
Dary fize, and even whoK mountains of
loadftone. Coul is dug up in the n
parts, and a yellowifh kind of alum
is found in lcver.nl mountains. The
inhabitants are of three forts ; the na-
tives of the country, Tartars, and Ruf-
fians. The Siberians dwell in forefts
in the winter, ard in the fummer on
the banks of rivers. Their garments
are the ikins of wild beads, and their
riches confift in bowo, arrows, a knife,
and a kettle. They all live in wretched
huts, which they remove from place
. to place ; and make ufe of raindeer and
dogs to draw their fledges*. Thofe in
the fuuthern parts .are not much more
polite ; but they' have borfes with

SIC

which th«7 go » hunting, atMl their
houfet, thouifh poor, air not (hiftcd
from pUrr to pl.icr. Of (hit cUla of
f>roplf, Tome have no oth»T religion
thitn that ot nature ) oth«is aic pagan*
and Mohaiii«'d.ii>s ; and Inme ot tncm
hav» b<en cinivt rted to Chriltiaiiity by
the Unllian niifTlonarics The Tart.iis
who live In this country arc the nioft
civilized of any foreiKn nation in Si-
lieri.i, and tliole I artars who are Mo-
hametlans are llill mote fo than the pa-
Kan laiiars, of whom there are ni.inf
ilifti'icnt hordes (»r tribes. 'I'hc RulFi inn
fettled here are much the lame ait in
their native country. Siberi.i is the
place to which crituinaU, i\n well as
pcrfons under tin* ilifpltalnie of the
court, arc commonly banillicd from
Uiiflia. Through this vaft tra(*t th«
Rullian caravans travel every year with
their merchandife, to China, i'ln' prin-
cipal rivers are the Oby, Lena, IriyJh,
and Yeiitfei ; and there are numerous
lakes of fr« fh water, and fome of a faline
nature. Siberia was reduced under the
dominion of Kuflia about the clof*- of
the I'ith century the w part of it is
camprifed in the governments of To-
bolik, Ufa, and Kolyvan ; the t part in
the icevernment of Irkutlh.

Sical, a town of New Spain, on the
N coalt of Jucatan, 70 m nw Merida.
Lon. 90 30 w, lat. 39 30 v.

Siclttm, a town of the Netherlands,
in Brabant, to the s of which is a cele-
brated monaftery. It is f'cated on the
Demer, 18 in e Mechlin.

Sichili ; fee Scieu.

HicUy, an ifland in the Mediterra-
nean, feparated from the kingdom of
Naples by a narrow channel, called the
Faro ; and as Mcflina is lirated on it,
the Faro di McflTiQa. It is of a triangu-
lar form, terminating in three points or
ca^ •• ; that to the n k is called Capo
Faro, that to the sb Capo PafTero, and
that to the ^^ Capo Boeo. Sicily is 160
m lung and from nc to no broad. It
has the title of a kingdom ; and is di-
vided into three provinces called Val di
Mazara, Val di Noto, and Val di De-
mona. The two kingdoms of Na-
ples and Sicily are under the fame clU
mate,anc! were lately under the fame go-
vernment ; but on the French becoming
mAllers of Naples, in 1799, the king
removed his court from the city of Na-
ples to that of Palermo in this ifland.
The produrtions of the two countries
are much the fame ; but Sicily abounds
much more in corn, particularly in the
valleys of Noto and Mazara- i'he val-
ley of Demona has more forefts and
aU

■* tli

t i'

^^

J.'

lit I

'■A

SIE

fruit trf«i ih«n ihr two ntltfri It U
firnoui for horlct antl muln \ and (he
C4tll<> arc all rrii, Uioiik* aiiU compi't,
with IjrKC luirni. 1 hrrc arr ttntkrii t>f «
Vrfnt li/r irt lh«* i'orrll* ( afp* aiitl Icur*

Kiona, whole vrrtorn i« vrry a<^tivc ( an«l
armlcft h/.irtU ot a Ixauttful ttrcrn
colour. In thi« ilUiiilthc unciriit prac*
ticc of trc4(lii)K out the corn frnm th«*
car In iiiuif i unit lurr ii llirci-UhMlrd
volcano, called I'.tiia. The number* ot
the clergy, which exceed llo,oooi and
the niiiltitudt! of the nobility, to whoit:
b«lon);cd the criinin.d JurildiCtion ovtr
iht'ir I'ubjc^U. vvilliollur rit{hite<|iully
oppreflivf, were c.iuit's of thf poverty
and mifi-ry of the- n.Uivm uf tlui coun*
try. Hut in iHij, tlii» ill-^'ovtrnrd
kingdom, by menu ol the Kn|,;lilli,
who h.ul for lomc iim«' aided it with a
naval and military force, acquired a
better fotM) of K(>v*'''iimi-iit, apparently
without oppohtion, on tin- plan «>f (hi*
liriiilh cinUitutioii ; that (he inhabit-
•nti are now relieved from many op'
prrfHoiiH, and li^ve obtained an im-
ptilfe to indntlry and wealth. 'I'lu.' ca-
pital i8 Palcriiio. >cc SafiUt.

Sulot, a town of 1 1 nilgai y, with a
CMllle on a mounmin, in which cinptror
SiKilmund was impiifuned. It i» la m
• Funf liircheii.

Sicijuet ; fee Seiki.

Siduye, a Itrong town on the K coalt
of Java, with a lurbuur. Lun. 1 1 j 151;,
lat. 6 40 s. ^

Siderociipi'a, a town of European Tur-
key, in Macedonia, famous for a gold
mine in itH neighbourhood. It ii 5 m
from the gulf of Coutclla, and 40 ksk
Salonichi.

Sidmnilh,^. town in D»!vonflurc, with
a market on Satuttlay. It ifl much fre-
quented in the bathing li'afon, and was
a (ipaport brforc its harbour was choked
up. hit fcated on the Rnglifli channel,
at the mouth of the Sid, 12 tn it Ex-
eter, and 158 w by s London.

Sidon ; f«e Saida- ^

Sidra, afpacious gulf of the Mediter-
ranean fca, on the co.ift of Tripoli,
anciently called Syrtis. It forms a lemi-
circular line of low coalt, 400 m in
length, between Mefurata and licngafi.
Iti iliorea are occupied by Arab?, who
are (cattcred about in bodicii of ;:;oo or
J 00 each.

Siedenberg, a town of Weftphalia, in
the county ofHoya, 9 m iw Iloya.

Sieffbergy a town of Weftphalia, in
the diichy of Berg, ou the rivtr Sicg, 15
ra SE Cologne.

Siegeti, a town and caftle of Ger-
many, ia ^^ edcrwald, capital uf a prin-

s 1 1:

cipaliiy. In the uciK^dMiurhiKMl iir#
Iroii-miiiri, for^n, and foundcrkt. ||
It feated on the hirg, 24 ni nw Weti*
Ur. Lon. ii It R, lat, )o 47 N.

Si^nNti, a city of Tufcniy, r-ipltatoi
Sirniiele, and mu arehbillinp't Irr, willi
a univtriily and a citadel. It i* »\m'.t.
4 m In circuit. «nd lurround««| by 4
wall TheCiiiiliic mt'tropolitan chiin h
ii built with blick and white m^rlilr,
and the pavement i» uf Molalc work
Sienna U not very populou* 1 but i«
adi)rned with a great number «)f piUe*- ,
itjintaiim, and fupeib churchea. '|'|i<j
great area it rnutul, aiul the houfci
about it are of equal height, liipimrtol
by pia//.a«, under which peooie tn.r/
walk in all wc.ithrrt. The Itali.ui In,
gu.i){e ii« Ipoken here with the gn atci
purity. It in Icated on three einiiienir>,
ao Uk s Florence, and 110 nnw Uomr.
Lon. II II I, l.ii. 4) 14 N.

Sitnufjf, a pi'>vinee of Tulcany, 35 ni
long and nearly as nuich bro.ul, lying 1
of I'lorentino, on the Mcditerrark.ni.
Thf (i)il in pretty fertile, elpeci.illy in
niulbciiy treen, v\hicli feeit ,1 grf,it
number of lilUworntH, and there ,ir^
li'veral mineral fprin^i. Sienna it the
capital.

Siefitioi, a town of Kuin.i, ir the pi
vernuient of Mohilcf. 60 in n n w Molii-
li-f- Lon. 29 45 E, lat. 54 30 N,

Sitri, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mofelle, ne.ir the river Mu-
Idle, 10 m NNK Thiunville.

Sierra Leone, a cour.tiy in the w p,iii
of (iuinea, lo n»ined f i oiii being ironn.
tainouH, and the mountains .ihouiuliig
in lions. Its limits art- from the Cirjn
coaft on the «ti, to Cape Verga on \\\<-
Nw; that is, between 7 and 10 N lit
In the open and plain pirts, on th(
banks of a river of the fame name, thf
heat of the fun, before any brrt/e .irilr,
is almoH intolerable; but as a refrcihini;
gilecoiiltantly fprings up about noun, it
renders the u)untry fupportable. 'Ih.
wet feafon, from May lo Oiflober, u
iidiercd in and terniiiiated by (lormy
weather. The wiioh; traft, on Mcli
lidc the river, is rich in rice and milld,
which is the chief fuftenance of tlic
inhabitants; and, upon the whole, it ii
one of the bell countries on the coaft,
The Negro.s are in general of mild ex-
ternal manners, anrl noted for their hof-
pitality ; but they polFefs a gre.it Ihare
of pride, and are eafily affeded by an
inCult. Of all the tribcn, thofe who
have embraced Mohamedanifm are tin-
mult civilized and) reljsedable; and
thole on the coaft, from their inter-
cuurfc with the European flavc-fa(^ors,

»r( much Infi rinr in every Ihlnf . evcrpt
thr 4i( ot itMltinii « tinr^i^iii. l(» Ihulir
who rcli l« >i)t(lti'r itp ihc couturx

NHrrm l.**nt, h river iif (iitinr4, in «
cniiiitry cii the iimc iMmr* l>i r<iiircff
It iincertAii) I but iti nuiiilh, .it I'rcr*
town, M V m wide. In 1791, ilic ^trrrti
J.i'ivic Company hu Inetirpnrttdi, ior
till pnrpolc of (Ullivntiitg VV iiulix nnd
Dtlirr tropk'.il pioilii^lKin 1 on ilu- t>.iiik«
(if thi« rivcf' 1 l)C lull I'itlleit wrrc id
white perlxn*. mut a iiiimlxM ut Ircc
blickn Crom Nov4 Mcotia. In 1:9 w
the colntiilN wrreall put into pofli llioii
(it Im.tll liitH (il l.uiil, All'* ' tu'W town
wit h<K<ii) to be bniU The next yar
X French fipudroii drilroye<l the iirtlle-
jntnl, nnd c.ipiiired revrr.1l o» ilir com-
p4ny'» llnpk : from thi« dil.inci thry le-
coveri-d ; .m.l a failury waa ell.ibiilhcd
in the Uio I'aiiKOH, it> i7y.V Thr co-
lony, liovNi-vcr, (till coiiiinned to Ian-
yiiilh, and, in 1808, it was Iranntcrrcd
Ironi the comp-iny to lii» majrily.

Sinra Morena, ttioiintninii ot Spiin,
which divide Andaliilu iVorn Fftn m.i.
dura and NvwCaHiIc They arc rcn-
diTcd famoin by the wars ot thf Chril-
tiana aiuI Molumcdaiis, iind lor !*« ini;
the li:fnu vvhtrc CervanteH h.iH pl.ictii
the mod enttrtainin}; adventures ul idu
hero Don Quixote.

Siget \ fee '/.ij^ft.

Siji;ih»rjti \ Icc Sutiu/mrfa.

Sijfmnrin}(»n, a town and cpftlc of
Sujbia, vvhicli j;ives name to a branch
of the hoiile of ilkilien/olleni. It tH
fcatcd on the Danube* 18 in tsK Ilolien-
zollcrn.

Siir>tau, a town of SwifTerland, in the
canton ot Hern, 11 in ak Here

Siiftu'ia, a town of Sweden, in Up-
land, teaied on the lake Marlcr, 15 in
» Uplal, and 17 nnw Siockliolin.

Sij^uffiza, a city «if Spain, in New
CaltilK, and a bllliop's Ice, with a uni-
vcrliiy, and a c.iitle, in which is an ar-
ihial. The iniivei lily conlilts of fcveral
culltgeA; but tht> molt conltderable
ftriKiiure is th«' cathedral. It is fi-ated
on a hill, nt the foot of Mount Atienca,
65 m NK Madrid. Lon. a 51 w, Ut.

40 .S8 N'

Sihon ; fee Sirr.

Silajfutta, a town of Hindooftan, in
Mylore, celebrated for its kitthen-gar-
dens. Coarfe cotton cloths are mad<;
here, and fome tobacco prows in the
vicinity. It is 30 m nw Colar» and ja
NE Bangalore.

Silberberg, a ftrong town of Silcfia,
enclofed in the principality of Munftcr-
^Tit but belonging to that of Brieg.

SIT.

It h.i« 1 mine which yieldx lei't mt mix*
cd with iHvi-r and i» 11 m nh' viUt?,,

Stfth'ji»r, 4 viiliite In llamplhirri 6 m
W llartiiKitoke. It wa» (mce « city, and
it faul to h.tvr htm ti>e place whiru
Ariluir wa* crowmd. Thi re Att larg*
rem on. ol iti wtlN and diU'lii'»i encloU
ing ao area of Ho aeti*, and two mili*
tary ro.idi Irom thr • icate, one lu Win*
i'h> Iter, and th'* other to Old S.iriim.

Siltjitt, a duchy of On many, former-
ly ImlonyinK to the kingdom of Bohe*
mia. It i> a^o m lonti, and 170 broad (
bounded on ihr n by Hi oh!ciil)urK> >
by Pola-d, % by Moravia, and w by
Huhemia and I.nfalia. The prineipal
rivert are. the Oder, Hober, NeillV*
(^leiii, and Oppa. A long chain of
muumaini bound Sil> fi.t on the m ; and
the hitihell mountain, calieil '/.iitenbcrg,
il in the principality of Schwridiotz.
There arr minen of coal, lead, copper»
and iion, and (|Marrieaol various (lonei,
iM'fulc antimony, lalipetre, Itilphurt
alum, vitriol, (puckfilver, ayatr, j-ilper,
nnd even Ibme gemi. Ihc pdncipai
manufacture h Ihk-o doth ( and thcr«
are al(i> (iime woollen minufidhiren,
pottiriej, iron foiindcrieii, and glai<«
hoiilei. In this c uintry are a great
numbir of cittle, Lirge lliids of horlifn,
and plenty of ^'imf in tjie wood*; alli>
• few lyiixei^, bear*, foxe^t, otten. and
beavers. There are m.uiy laku, full ot*
pood lilliei; alf» plenty of bees, which
product* much honey and wax. It af-
fords whe.it, mai/r, bjrley, o.it^, and
nnllct, nnd in fome placet filVron \%
cultivated ; hot iti wine it bitl, and
chielly turned into vinegar. Siklii i*
divided into Upper and l.,ower Silclia,
and the county of Glatx- In Upper
Silefia, which is tht.* b part, the inhabit-
anti are generally Roman catholic-.,
Ipeaking the l*oli(h language : in the
Lower they are iilmoU all protcltuin,
and fpeak their mother tongue. This
country was ceded lo PriilTi.i in 174a,
by the treaty of Ihclliu. In iHo:, it
wai overrun by the P'rcnch, but reltored
at the peace of Tiliit. In ("^i^iitwait
entered by the Fiviuh, who were com-
pletely defent' d by the PruHians, be-
tween tUL* Kal/.bach and Neille, in
which rivers immciile nuintx-rs were
drowned. Briilau is tnc capital.

m/het, a town of Ilindooliau. capital
of adillriv.^1 of the liime name, in Bengal.
It is leatcd on the Soorina, no m n«
Dacca Lon. 91 57 t, lat. 2t ^2 n.

Siljan, a town of Swrden, in Dalc-
carlia, iituatc on a lake to which it givwt
namci ab m nw FahUin.
aUa

[%>

.:^

SIM SIN

Silijlriat or Drifira, a town of Euro- of Hungary, with a ftrong caftlc, taken

pean Turkey, in Bulgaria, and an arch>
bifliop't fee, with a citadel. In iSio
and 1811 it was taken by the RutTuns.
It is feated on the Danube, at the influx
of the iVli(r<vo, 155 m nnb Adrianoplc
Lon. 27 6 t, lat. 44 15 N

from the Turks in 1686. It is feated on
the Sarvita, 3a m S9W Buda. Lon. ib

5a E, lat.46'45 N-

Simplon, a new department of Fr.^nce,
inchiding the country of Valais in Swil'.
ferland. It has its name from a moun>

Silkeburf^, a town of Denmark, in N tain, on the s bord( r, and Sion is the

Jutland, wUh a caftle, formerly of great capital,

ftrength, 18 . . w Arhufen. Sinuh a mountain of Arabia Petrca

S'tllat a town of Negroland, in Bam- in the peninfula formed by the two arms

bara, on the right bank of the Niger, 75 of the Red fea. Here God delivered

m NE Sego.

Sillabar, a feaport on the w coaft of
Sumatra, with a good and fafe harbour,
30 m ssE BciiCoolen. Lon. loa 10 £}
fat- 4 o s.

SilU U Guillaume, a town of France,
in the department of Sarte, 19 m nw
Mans-

the law to Mofes. for which rcalon the
Mohamedans hold it in great venera-
tion} and here the Chriftians have a
monaftery, furrounded by a high wall,
and tbofe that go in and out are drawn
up and let down in balkets. Lon. 34
15 E, lat. 39 a K.
Sincapour, an ifland at the s extremi-

(S///«, a town of Findooftan, in Ben- ty of the peninfula of Malaya, from

gal, feated on the Subanreeka, 173 m
WNW Calcuttai Lon. 85 54 Ei lat. 23
aa N.

Silverttt'irst a villnge of Ireland, in
the county of Tipperary, 6ms Nc-
nagh. Heie are rich lead mines, in
which jome virgin filver has been found.

SHves, a town of Portugal, in Algarve,
on a rivtr of the fame name, 3 s m wnw
Tavira.

Simaneasy a town of Spain, in Leon,
with a ftrong caftle, in which Philip 11
ordered the archives of the kingdom to
be kept. It is fltuate on the Douro, 8
m sw Valladolid, and (o me Salamanca.

Simbif/7f, a government of Ruffia,
formerly » province of the kingdom of
Ka<'^n. The capital, of the lame name,
is feated on i he Volga, 100 m s by w
Kafan. Lon. .1^ 34 e» l&t< ^4 aa n.

Simit the ancient Syme, an ifland in
the Mediterranean, between the ifland
of Rhodes and the continent, in a bay
of its name, la m nw Rhodes. Lon.
V/ 33 E. lat. 363s N.

Simmern, a town of France, m the

which it is fcparated by a narrow chan-
nel ; and to the s of it is a narrow fea,
called the Strait of Sincapour. On the
in.md is a town of the fame name- Lon.
1 0.1 15 E, lat. I 10 N.

Sh7de ; fee Indus-

Sindeifi»xfHi a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wurtemberg, 10 m ssw Slut-
gard.

Sindy, a province of Hindooftan,
bounded on the w by Perfia, n by the
territories of the king of Candahar, ne
by thofe of the Seiks, e by a fandy
defert, and se by Cutch. It extends
along the courfe of the Indus, from its
mouth to the frontiers of Moultan 300
m } and its breadth in the wideft pan it
i6o- In foil and climate, and the ge*
neral appearance of the furface, it re-
fembles Egypt } the country being an
extended valley, confined on one fide
by a ridge of mountains, and on the
other by a defert; and the Indus, equal
at Icaft to the Nile, winding through
the midft of this level valley, and en-
riching It by its annur! inundations.

department of Rhine and Mofelle, late- During great part of the sw monfoon,
\j of Germany, in the palatinate of the or at leaft in July, Auguft, and part of

Rhine ; feated on the Simmern, a6 m s
Coblentz.

Simogayy a town of Hindooftan, in
Myforc, with a manufaiJture of coarfe
cotton cloth ; fituate on the Tunga, 34
zn B by N Nagara.

Simorit St. an ifland of the United

September (the' r^iny feafon in moft
other parts of India) ihe atmofphereis
here generally clouded ; but no rain
falls, except near the fea. Owing to
this, and the neighbourhooJ of the
fandy deferts, on the e and on the nw,
the heats are fo violent, and the winds

States, on the coaft of Georgia, 14 m from thofe quarters fo pernicmus, that

long and 4 broad, and included in Glyn the houfes are contrived fo ah to be; oc-

county. At the NW end, oppofite the calionally veniilated by apertnrt-s on

mouth of the Alatamaba, is a regular the top refemblmg the funnels ot Imall

fortrefs, and fome iflets that are alfo chimneys. When the hot winds prevail,

fortiBed. Frederica is the chief town, the windows are clofely ftiut, by which

Simvnikttrn, or Simontornya, a town the botteft current of aiii near the fur*

SIN

face, is excluded, and a cooler part, be-
caule more elevated, descends into the
houfe through the funnels. By thi« alio
vaft clouds of duft are excluded ; the
entrance of which would alone be liifti-
cient to render the boules uninhabitable.
The roofs are compoled of thiclt layers
of earth inftead of terraces. Few coun-
tres are more unwholefome to Eu-
ropean conftitutions, particularly the
lower part called the Delta. The Hin-
doos, who were the origins! inhabitants
of oindy, are treated with great rigour
by the Mohamedan governors, and are
not permitted to eredt any pagodas, or
places of worfhip ; and this feverity
drives vaft numbers of them into other
countries. The inl,'\nd parts of Sindy
produce faltpetre, fa I ammoniac, borax,
bezoar, lapis lazuli, and raw filk. Here
arc manufactures of cotton and filic of
various kinds ; and alfo of fine cabinets,
ir.!aid with ivory and finely lacquered.
Oreat c{uantitie8 of butter are exported,
vrhich is clarified and vrrapt up in dup-
pas made of the hides of -cattle. Here
are large beeves, fine fheep, and fmall
hardy horfes. The wild game are deer,
hares, antelopes, and foxes, which are
bunted with dogs ; alfo leopards, and a
fmall fierce creature called a fhiahgufh.
Tlic internal government of this pro-
vince is a military deipotifm ; the head
of which has the title of Hakem, or
ruler. The inhabitants are principally
Mohamedans, but there are a confider-
able number of Hindoos, who enjoy
the confidence of the prince, and are
chiefly employed in commerce. The
prince is tributary to the fultan of Can-
dahar. Hydrabad is the capital.

SiiuSf a town of Portugal, in Alen*
tejoi on a cape to which it gives name,
70 m 8W Evora. Lon. 8 46 w, lat. 37
58 K.

Sing, a ftrong town of Dalmatia,
built by the Turks in oppofition to
Clifla. It was taken by the Venetians
in 1687. It is 8 m K ClifTa and 14 Spa-
latro.

Singan, a city of China, capital of
the province of Chenfi, and the largeft
and molt beautiful in the empire next
to Peking. In its territories (which
contain fix cities of the fecond, and 3 1
of the third clafs) bats of a fingular fpe-
cies are found : they are as large as do-
meftic fowls, and the Chinel'e prefer
their flefh to that of chicken . The walls
of this city are n m in circuit, nearly a
fquare, and furrounded by a deep ditch j
they are fortified with towers, and fome
of the gates are lofty and magnificent.
It has a great trade^ efpecially in muleS)

SIO

which are fent to Peking. Here arc ^
great number of mandarins, who ate
moftly Tartars ; and a Itrung garrifon
of Tartars in a feparate quarter of the
city, from which it is patted by a ftrong
wall. It is 540 m bw Peking. Lon.
108 44 c, lat 34 16 N.

Hingiliff, a town of RufTia, in the
government of Simbirik, fituatc on the
Volga, 24 m s Simbirik.

Singot a town of European Turkey,
in Macedonia, on the gulf of Monte
Santo. Lon. 340 e, lat. 40 13 n.

Singor, a town in the peninfula of
Malaya, at the mouth of a fmall river,
in the bay of Patani, 35 m e Patani.

Sinigaglia, a ftrong fcaport of Italy,
in the duchy of Urbino, and a bilhop's
fee, with a caftle and two harbours. It
has a modern cathedral, leveral fine
churches and convents, and a mint.
An annual fair is held here from the
middle to the end of July, frequented
by merchants from diftant parts. It
ftands at the mouth of the Nigola, in
the gulf of Venice, 17 m se Pefaro.
I.on. 13 15 E, lat. 43 43 N"

Siningy a city of China, of the fecond
rank, in the weftern extremity of the
province of Chen-G. It has a confider-
able trade with the Tibetians, particu-
larly in tea, and is 450 m w n w Sin-gan.
Lon. loi 35 E, lat. 36 45 n.

Sineb, or Sinofe, a feaport of Afiatic
Turkey, in JNatolia, furrounded by
walls and double ramparts; but the
caftle is much negle6ted. The inhabit-
ants are Turks, who will not admit any
Jews, and the Greeks are obliged to
live in the fuburbs. It is the birth-
place of Diogenes, the cynic philofo-
pher, and feated on the ifthmus of a
peninfula, in the Black Tea, a8o m e
Conftantinople. Lon. 33 55 e, lat. 41
5 N.

Sintz/ieim, a town of Germany, in the
late palatinate of the Rhine, feated in a
moral's, la m sse Heidelberg.

Sion, a mountain of Syria, on the s
fide of Jerufalem, of great celebrity in
facred hiftory.

Sion, or Sitten, a town lately of SwiA
ferland, capital of Valais, and an epiA
copal fee; but now belonging to France,
and capital of the department of Simp-
Ion. It is fituate on the river Sitten,
near the Rhone, at the foot of three in-
fulated rocks, which rife immediately
from the plain. On the higheft, called
Tourbillon, is the old delerted epifcopal
palace ; on the fecond, denominated
Valeria, are the remains of the old ca-
thedral, and a few houfes bel>nging to
the canons ; on Majoria) the third rock)

if Iv ■''

1 *

' ' ' Mm

liifli

i

ft IR

ftands thf prcri-iit rpiAopnl palace.
SioM was formerly tlie capital (#f tlu;
Scduiii, iiiiil fo.nt* Komnn infcriptioiis
Hill riTti.iiii. It is 50 in k Geiuva. Lon.
7 C2 R. l.il 46 9 N.

iSw?//, or O/w/, a town of F.gvpt, and
the fee of a Copluic bilhop. Ilfic are
ft'Vcral mol'qucs, the ruins of an amphi-
theatre, and Ibme fipiilchres of the Ro
mans. It is the rendezvous of thole
who go in the caravan to Srnnar, in
Nubia; and is fnrrounded Uy fine K^r-
dens, and palm-treea that hear the bt-ft
dates in Egypt. It ftandn on an artificial
mount, a m from the Nile, and 185 s
Cairo. Lon. 31 24 F:,lat. 27 25 n.

Siphanto, the ancient Siplitios, one of
the bcft cultivated iflands of the Archi-
pelago, to the w of Pares. It is j6 m
in cinnit, and though covered with
marble and granite, produces corn I'uf-
ficlent for the inhabitants; alio fottic
excellent filk. The chic^f articles of
commerce are calicos, ftraw hats, figs,
onions, honey, wax, oil, and capers.
Lon. a? 1 5 E, lat. 2,7 y n.

Sir Charles Hardy I/land, an ifland
in the Pacific ocean, dilcovcred by cip-
tain Carteret in 1767. It is low, level,
and covered witn wood. Lon. 154 20
E, hX. 4 41 s.

Sir Charles Saunders Ijlnndy an ifland
in the Pacific ocean, difcovered by cap-
tain Wallis in 1767- The natives ap-
peared to live in a wretched manner.
It is about 6 m from E to w. Lon. 151
4 w, hit. 17 a8 s.

Sira ; fee Sera.

Siradia, a town of Poland, capital of
a palatinate of the fame name, with a
ftrong caftle. It is liirrounded by a
wall, and feated in a plain, on the river
Warta, 62 m ne Rieflau, and 105 nw
CracDW. Lon. 18 55 e, lat. 51 32 N.

Siraf, a town of Pcrfia, in the pro-
vince of Lariftan, fituate on the Perfian
gulf, 30 m sw Lar. Lon. 52 25 e, lat.

35 2'' N.

Siravan. a town of Perfia, in the
province of Kufiftan, 48 m nne Sufter.
Lon. 5 1 5 E, lat. 31 50 N.

Sire, a town of Abyflinia, in Tigre,
famous for a nianufadture of co\rfe cot-
ton cloths. It is 40 m w Axum, and
ICO NNw Auzen-

Sir^an ; fee Kermau.

Sirhind, a city of Hindooft^n, capital
of a c untry of the fame name, in the
province of Delhi. Proccpius takes
notice, that in the time of Juftinian
(the fixth century) filk was brought
from Serinda, a country in India. Sir-
bind is 175 m NW Delhi. Lon. 75 ^s
ff lat. 30 15 K.

SIS

fih-ia>i, a Icaport of Pegu, frequented
by the I'rench, lingiilh, and Dutch It
is feated on l\gu river, i,o ni from its
inotjih, and 80 s Pegu. Lou. 96 i; t:,
lat. 16 {2 N.

Sirinafrar, a rugged country in the
w part ol Tibet, on the borders tirilin.
doodan, hounded on the s by Delhi,
and w by i ahore. The capital is of
the fame name, feated on the Allaknan-
dara, which runs into the Ganges, j^
ni below. !• ir. 166 m n by K Delhi.
Lou. 78 12 1". lat. 31 ON.

Sirius, an ifland in the Pacific ocean,
18 m in circuit, difcovered by lieut,
Ball, in t790. Lon. 162 30 e, lat. 10523.

Sirniich, or Sirmium, a town of Scla-
voi'ia, and a bilhop's fee ; feaicd on the
Bofvveth, near the Save, 42 m SK Eniic.
Lon 20 19 E, lat 45 i,^ N.

Siroavi/, a town of Ilindonftan, in a
dillrivJt of the fame name, in Agimere;
feated near the Puddar, 70 m sw Agi-
mere. Lon. 74 27 e. lat 26 i n.

Sir/);/, a town and fort of Hii^dooftan,
in Alylbre, 14 m N Sera, 4nd 37 se
Chitteldroog.

Sirr, or Sihon, a river of Independent
Tartary, which ilTues from the moun-
tains of Imaua, or Belur, on the confines
of Cafligur, and taking a nw courfeof
550 m, enters the ne part of the lake
Aral. It formerly flowed to the Caf-
plan fea, but the Tartars, to free them-
felvcs from pirates, turned its courfe.

Si/al, a fmall port of New Spain, in
Jucatan, on the gulf of Mexico, oppo-
fite a fand bank, nearly 1 2 leagues in
length. It is 40 m w by n Mcrida, of
which it is the port.

Siyizan, a feaport on the E coaft of
Luconia, one of the Philippine iflands.
It is fituate almoft oppofite Manilla,
and in the vicinity of very high moun-
tains, which render the air extremely
moift. Lon. 123 45 e, lat. 14 20 n.

SiJ'ac, A town of Swiflcrland, in the
canton of Bafel, 17 m se Balel.

Sijfek, or Sifzeg, a ftrorig town of
Croatia, fituate on the Save, at the in-
flux of the Kulpa, 4a m e Cailftadt.
Lon. 16 56 E, lat. 45 33 N.

Sijbpoli, a town of European Tur-
key, in Romania, and an archbilhop's
lee ; feated ori a peninfula of the Black
fea, 25 m s Mefembria, and 97 nw
Conftantinople- Lon. 28 9 t'jlat 4^.30^.

Sijieron, a town, and late epilcopal
fee, of France, in the department of
Lower Alps, with a citadel on the top
of a rock, which was the prifon of Ca-
fimir V, king of Poland. It is feated ot]
the Durance, 45 m ne Aix, and 407 s^
Paris. Lon. 5 56 £, Iat> 4-1 iz n.

SK A

Sijhn, a village of Gloucefterfhire, 7
$n E Brillol, on n rivulet that rilei here,
anil runs into the Avon. It has manu-
fadtiires of brals and faltpetrc.

Sijio'va, a town of European Turkey,
in Bulgaria, where a peace war conclud-
ed between the A\iftrian8 and Turki, in
1791. It is featcd on the Danube, 25
m E Nicapuli.

Sitia, a town^on the n coaft of the
ifle of Candia, on a bay of the fame
name, 58 m ese Candia. Lon. 26.29
E, lat. 35 • N.

Sittard, a town of France, in the
department of Roer, lately of Gernviny,
in ihe duchy of Juliers: li*atcd near the
Mcufe, 10 m s Ruremonde.

Sittingburn, a corporate town in
Kent, 15 m wnw Canterbury, aiid 40
tsE London.

Sittivacca, a village of Ceylon, aH m
E Columbo, on a branch of the Miii!i-
vaddy, which feparates it from tbt kiiip
of Candy's country. It in the clii.'i"
place of iutercourle, both friendly aii.l
hoftile, between the Candiang and their
European neighbours. On the oppo-
fite fide of the river is the Candian vil>
lage of Goiobodivilli.

Sivas, a city of Afiatic Turkey, in
Roum, the capital of a fangiacate, and
the fee of a bifhop, with a caftle. It is
55 m s by E Tocat, and 230 ene Cogni.
Lon. 36 45 E, lat. 39 8 n.

Sivray, a town of France, in the
department of Vienne, leated on the
Charenle, 28 m s Poitiers.

Siwa/i, a territory of Africa, on the
confines of Egypt and Barca. It is
mentioned by the ancients under the
name of the Oafis of Ammon. The
fertile part is about ao m in circuit, con-
taininR feveral villages, befide the capi-
tal. It affords abundance of vegetable
produdlions, with corn and oil ; and is
well fupplied with water from fmall
ftrcams;, but none of them flow beyond
its territory ; they being either evapo-
rated, before they reach the furround-
ing defert, or loft in the fterile land.
The capital of the fame name contaios
the ruins of the celebrated temple of
Jupiter Ammon ; and in the neighbour-
hood are many catacombs, which were
tl'e burying places of the ancient inha-
bita.ns. It is 220 m E Augila, and 280
w by s Cairo. Lon. 27 10 e, lat. 29

12 N.

Siara, a town of Sweden, in W
Gothland, and a biihop's fee. Here is
agymnafium, or feminary, ereded in
1640 ; and the cathedral is the largefl:
ftrufture of that kind in Sweden. The
ruina of feveral churchei and conventf

SFY
are ftill to be feen, id alfo of an an-
cient palace, burnt y the Danes in
161 1. It is fcated 0.1 the Lida, in a
moral's, 77 m ne Gotheborg. Loi!. 14
o E, lat. 58 16 N.

Skeen, a town of Norway, in the go-
vernment of Agi^erhuys, noied for its
mines of iron and copper; feated near
a lake, 26 m sw Konigfberg.

Skentt '1 town of Scotland, in Aber-
deenlhire, near a fmall lake of the fame
name, 9 m wnw Aberdt-en.

Skenetlady, a town of New York, in
Albany county, with two churches, and
a feminary called Union College, from
being eltabliflied by various denomina-
tions of Chrillians It has a confider-
able trade with the back country, and
ftands on the w (ide of Mohawk river,
above the falls, 16 m nw Albany.

Skeniuge, a town of Sweden, in £
Gothland, 18 m w by s Linkoping.

Shnejborouj^ht or fVliitehallt a town
of New York, in Wafliington county,
iituate on Wood creek, on the s fide of
South V)ay, which leiids n into Lake
Cliampiain. It is the harbour for molt
of the trading vefleis between the ftate
of New York ar.d Canada, and the dif-
ferent ltttlemt'nl,^ alopg the lake. It is
.38 m s Crown Point, and 43 n by e
Lanfinburg.

Skibbereen, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Cork, near the river Hen, 7
m NNK Baltiiiioie, and 13 3e liantry.

SkiddniUt A mountain in Cumberland,
near Ktlwick, 3022 feel in height above
the level of the fea. It is not difficult
of accefs, and is alnioft covered with
grafs, which gradually grows coarler in
the al'cent. The whole top is covered
with a loofe brown flaty ftone.

Skiljkuer, a town of Denmark, in the
ifland of Zealand, fituate on a bay of
the Great 13clt, 48 m sw Copenhagen.
Lon II 27 f, lat. 55 16 N.

Skipton, ?. town in VV Yorklhire, with
a market on Saturday. The rivor Aire
and the Leeds and Liverpool canal pafs
this town, and near it are fume cotton
works. It is feated in the midft of a
roUf3;h mountainous diltridt, called Cra-
ven, 22 m N by w Halifax, and 216
NNvv London.

Skipnefs, a town of Scotland, in Ar-
gyleftiire, with a caftle of great ftze and
antiquitv that now can fcarcely be call-
ed a ruin. It is iituate on the w fide
of the entrance of Loch Fine, 28 m ene
Campbelltown.

Skofde, a town of Sweden, in W
Gothland, 14 m e by s Skara.

Ski/e, an ifland of Scotland, one of the
largcft of the Hebrides, 4S m lo^S a^cl

r

1

'A

i.

SLA
at broad. The se. end ii leparated
from Invernefsfliire (to which it be-
longs) by a narrow cliannci, called the
Inn<r Sound; in the mod narrow part
of which, named the Kyle, cattle are
wade to (wim acrols. This fide of the
ifland fwellH gradually from the fliore,
inaverdiint (lope, over which are fecn
the nakrd hilU of Strath ; and above
thefe rifes the rugged top of Cullin or
Cucbullin. Toward the sw are a ferries
of rude mountains, black and red, aa if
difcoloured by theraceof fire; and on
the K a long extent of lofty hills. There
18. '.lotwithftanding, a great proportion
or level ground, with excLtlent paftur-
age ; and it has numbers of deer and
different kinds of game. It abounds
with limeftone, marble, i^c. but the
bnfaltic columns, refembling the Giant's
Caufeway in Ireland, are its grcateft
curiofity. A cave i:i this iflund afford-
ed an afylum, :ii 1746, to the difap-
pointed pretender and his faithful guide,
for two li'ghts- Many thoul'ands of
bcevea and fliet'p are annually cxporttd
bence- **ome fmall ho'fes are bred, and
a great quaniity of kelp is manufai^tured
here Poitne is the principal town.
The 9 extremity is a peniiifula, termi-
nating in a riiggtd pr montory, called
the Point of Siate. Lon. 6 is e, Ut. 57

It V-

iS/<?^f^?, a town of Denmark, In the
ifland of Zealand, 42 m wsw Copen-
bagt n.

S/aguftt, a town of Further Pomera-
nia, ft Jtred on the Wipper, 10 m i^ by
6 Ropenwald.

Slaighth<waite, a village in W York-
ikirf . on ih** Huddersfield canal, 4 m
8w Hudderhfield, which has manufac-
tures of the various Manchefter goods.

Slane^ a town of Ireland, in Meath,
witii a fpaciouB caftle. It was anciently
a biihopiic, aid is feated on the Boyne,
lom w by s Droghtda.

Shnejft a decayed town of Bohemia,
with a ('aftie, 18 m nw Prague.

Slatinoy a town of European Turkey,
in MoldaviH, 18 ra nw Niemecz.

Sltttinat a town of European Turkey,
En Wa'achia, on the river Alaut, 50 m
W Buchoreft.

Slave Coafty a maritime tra£t of Gui-
nea between the Gold comA and Benin,
comprehending the kingdoms of Ardra,
Popo, and Whidab.

Slave Laht a lake of N America, 250
m long, arid to to 100 broad. It is full
of wooded iilands, and its outlet is the
rivet IVlarkenzie, at the w extremity, in
lat. 61 30, which flow»NMwinto the
Ar&ic oceaa.

SLU

Xafuikow ; fee Aujlerlitz-

SleqforJ, itown in Uiicolnfhire, with
a market on Monday. It had formerly
a caftle, now in ruins, and is feated on
the Slea, which in navigable hence to the
Witham, iH m s Lincoln, and 115 n
London.

Slef<wtck, a duchy of Denmark, the s
part of Jutland, leparated from Holftein,
by the river Eydcr. See Jutland.

i^lefwicJi, a city of Denmark, capital
of a duchy of trie fflmt; name. It is an
irregular town of great length. The
houfes art' chiefly of wood, and few are
more than one Itory high, but very neat.
In the church is the beautiful mauloleum
of Frederic i. The inhabitants drcfa
like the '^utch; and many of them
speak the tongue, though th>> ufiinl
languages aie the German and Panilh.
Near the city is the old ducal palace ot
Gottorp Slefwick is fituate on the M
fide ot an arm of the Baltic, called the
Sley, 60 m Nw Lubec, and 125 sw Co-
penhagen. Lon. 9 42 K, lat. 54 37 N.

Sligo, a county of Ireland, in the pro-
viiice of Connaught, 25 m long and 22
broad; hounded on the e by Leitrim,
SF by Rnfcommon, sw and w by Mayo,
and » by the Atlantic. It is divided
into 41 parifheSi contains about 60,000
inhabitants, and fends three member:) to
parliament. The foil is in general fer-
tile, I'Ut rather boggy towai^ the coaft.

Sligo, a borough of Ireland, capital uf
the county of the fame name, wiih
a caftle, and large remains of a monaf-
tery. The trade of the town is confi-
derable, and it fends a member to par-
liament. It is feated near the mouth of
a river, which flows from Longii Gill
into the bay of Sligo, 50 m n by w
Kofcommon, and 120 nw of Dublin.
Lon. 8 54 w, lat. 54 i ; n .

Slonim, a town of Lithuania, in the
palatinate of Novcgrodeck,withacaftle,
feated on the Sezra, 40 m sw Novogro-
deck, and 70 se Grodno. Lon. 23 57

E, lat. 53 ON.

Sloten, a fortified town of Holland, in
Friefland, feated near a lake called Slo-
ten-mere, and on the rivulet Ee, which
flows into the Zuidtr zee, 6 m e
Stavereti. and so ssw Lewarden.

Sloujii or iS/wfi, a town of Lithuania,
in the palatinate of Novogrodeck, with
three Greek churches; leated on the
Siong, 75 m ese Novogrodeck. Lon.
27 54 E, lat. 3a 50 N

Sluyst a town of the Netherlands, in
Flanders, oppofite the ifland of Cadfand.
It has a good harbour, and fome tine
fluices, by which the country may be
laid luder water. It wai taken by the

SMO

Sp.iniarda in 15871 retaken by the Dutch
in 1604, and taken by the French in
1794 It is to m N Bruges. Lon. 3
2S K, lat. u 19 N.

SmalkaJdtn, a town of Upper Saxony,
in tbe county of Henneburg, famous
for the league entered into by the Lu-
therans, againft the emperor, in 1531,
to defend their religion and libertieit. It
has a line caftle on n mountain, and in
the vicinity are f.ilt pits and mines of
iron. It ftands on a river of the fame
name, which flows into the Wcrra, %%
m sw Erfurt. Lon. 10 47 k. lat. 5* 45 n.
Smordett, a town in Kent, with a
market on Friday, 10 m ssn Maidfton ,
and j6 SF. London.

Smithfeldt a town of Virginia, in Iflc
of Wight county, feated on Pagan
creek, which flows into James river, 70
m sE Richmond.

Smit/i/ieid, a town ofN Carolina, ca-
pital of Johnlbn county. It is feated on
the Neus, in a beautiful plain, 25 m se
Ralegh, and 7c .vw Newbern.

AV«/7/j/ow«, a town of the ftate of New
York, in Suffolk county, on the n fide
of Long iflandr 52 m e by n New York.
SmithvilUt a town of N Carolina,
chief of Brunfwick county. It is feated
near the mouth of Cape Fear river, as
m ssw Wilmington. Low 78 30 w, lat<
33 50 N.

Smolandt or Smaland, a province of
Sweden, in Gothland, extending 140
m from the Categat to the Baltic, and
from 40 to 70 in breadth. It has many
woods of pine and fir ; and the ap-
proach to the villages is announced by
groves of oak, beech, and birch, and nu
merous plots or parterres of arable Ir.nd
among paftures and rocks. This pro-
vince produces a great quantity of hops,
and the lakes and marfhes in tae s part
contain much iron. Jonkopin; is the
capital.

Smoknjk, a duchy of Ruffia, on the
frontiers of Lithuania. After having
been an object of contention, and reci
procally poflcfled by Poland and Ruffia,
it was conquered by Alcxay Michaelo-
vitch in 1654, and ceded to Ruflia by
the peace of Mofcow in 1666. It now
forms one of the Ruffinn governmi nts-

Smolettjk, a city of Ruffia, capital of
a government of the lame name. It is
fituate on the Dnieper, and extends
over two hills and the valley between
them. It is furrounded by walls 30
feet high and 15 thick ; the lower part
of done, the upper of brick, and nearly
5 m in circuit. The houfes arc moftly
of wood, and only one ftory ; except a
few fcattered here and there, which arc
dignified with the title of palaces. The

SM Y

city Is divided, through its whole length,
by one ftraight paved ftrecti tho others
are circular, and floored with planks.
The c.ithedral Itands on an •eminence*
where thorc is a view of the whole city.
The altcrnilc rifing and finking of the
walls from the inequality of the ground;
their Gitthic architedlurc and grotelque
towers; the fteeples rifing above the
trees, which conceal the houl'es from
the figlit; the gardens, meadows, and
corn-fields, within the walls; all toge-
ther form a moft fingular profpeA.
Notwilhllanding its extent,' it containi
only about 4000 inhabitants, and has
no manufailures, but carries on with
Dant/ic, Riga, and the Ukraine, a petty
traffic in linen, hemp, honey, wax, lea-
ther, furs, &c. On Auguft 17, 1812,
Bonaparte attempted to take this city
by (tot-m, when the carnage on hoth
fides was dreadful ; and the Ruffians
retired a little after midnight, having
firfl fet fire to their magazines, &c.
The French, on their retreat from
Mofcow, evacuated it on Nov. 17.
Smolenik is 130 m ese Polotlk, and 230
W8w Mofcow. Lon. 32 33 E, lat. 54

50 N.

SmorifOHt, a town of Lithuania, in

the palatinate of Wilna, 46 m esEWilna.

Smyn/iu/tn, i town of Lower Saxony,

in the duchy of Holftcin, 16 m w

Rendiburg.

Smyrnot a feaport of Afiatic Turkey,
in Natolia, and one of the lurgeft and
richeft cities of the Levant. The privi-
leges it has enjoyed for many ages,
and the goodnefa of the harbour, has
caufed it to be rebuilt feveral times,
after having been deftroyed by earth-
quakes. It is the rendezvous of mer-
chants from almoft all parts of the
world, and the magazine ot their mcr-
chandife. The Turks have 19 mofques,
the Creeks three churches, the Jews
fix fynagogucp, the Armenians one
church, and the Latins three convents.
There are three bifliops. one Greek,
another Latin, and the third Armenian.
The population is computed at 150,000
perfons. The ftrects are more open,
belter paved, and the houfes better
built, than in other towns of the conti-
nent. The (Ireet of the Franks is the
fined in Smyrna, and extends nlongjhe
harbour. The imports from England
confill of woollen cloths, camlets, lead,
tin, and hardware ; thefe are exchanged
for cotton, coftVe, mohair, drugs, galls,
raifins, figs, &c. The Knglifh and
Dutch faftors have proteftant chapels,
and in the Frank quarter are feveral ta-
verns, and lodging-houfes for travellers.
The fortifications con fid of a fort, a

1,-1.1

K'-

\y^ I

so A

caftle, a mount.-iin. nrut an old citAclcl.
It is fcatod at the liead of a large l)ay,
190 m HAW Coiiftiituinuplo. Luii. a; 7
E, lat- 38 iH N.

Smyrna, Neiu, a town of E Florida,
fituaii; on the w fide of tlic s branch of
th(.' Mofquito inlet, 80 m bsE St. Augui-
tin.

Snacif>t/jurg,atovfn of Lower Saxony,
in Blunrwick-Luneburg, Icatod at the
conflux of the Utcht with the Elbe, jo
in E by s Dannebiirg.

Snaith, a town in W Yorkfliirr, with
a market on Friday, ft;attd near the
Aire, ij m 8 York, and 175 n by w
London.

Sneck, or Snitzt a fortified town of
Holland, in Friclland, feated on a lake
of the fame name, in mar/liy land, la m
I8VV Lt'wardcn.

Sngime, a town of Pcrfiu, in the pro-
vince of Irak, 57 m wnw A.'^udan.
Lon. 46 >4 E, lat. 35 45 n.

Snetj/iam, a town in Norfolk, with a
market on Friday, feated on a Imall in-
let of the fea, i a m n n e Lynn, and 1 1 1
N by E London.

Suiadin, a town of Lithuania, in the
palatinate of I'lzelc, on the river Pry-
nee. 45 m tiE Slnck, and 100 £ Pinik-

Sniatin, a town of Poland, in the pa-
latinate of Lcmlnirg, or kingdom of Ga-
licia, on the river Pruth, 1 10 m se Lem-
burg. Lon. 25 50 e, lat. 48 3;; n,

bnowdotiy a mountain of Wales, in
the centre of Carnarvonfliire, and the
mod noted eminence in the whole re-
gion of the Welfli hills. It has leveral
craggy fummits, deep dells, moors, and
chalrns; alfo two lakes that abound
with fifh, particularly ihe char and the
gulniard. The height of this mountain,
from the level of the fea to the higheft
peak, 133571 feet. It was held lacred
by the anoient Britons, as Parnaflus
was by the Greeks. From its fummits
may be feen a part of Irelund, of Scot-
land, and of Cumberland.

Snoivliill, a town of Maryland, capi-
tal of Worcefter county, fituate on the
Pokomoke, which, iz miles below, en-
ters the Chefapeak. It has a fmall ex-
port trade, and is 30 m se Vienna. Lon.
75 40 w, lat. 38 8 s.

Soana, a town of Tufcany, in Sien-
nefe, feated on a mountain, near the
river Flora, 46 m s by e Sienna.

Soanct a river of Hindooftan, which
iflues from a lake, on the s confines of
Allahabad, the fame that is the fource of
the Nerbudda, and, flowing in an oppo-
fite diredion to that river, enters the
Ganges above Patna.

Soary a river in Leiccfterfliire, which
rifes from two foarces in the aw part of

%0V

thr county, flows by Lcicefier and
MountforrtI, paiFes a little to the R and
N of Loughborough, and then ft'p.ir.Ue^
this contity ftoin Nottinghamlhiro to
its iiitraiice into the Trent.

Soocrnlieim, a town of France, in thr
dt'partmcnt of Rhine and -Sloff llf, Litcly^
of Germany, in the circle of Upper
Rhine; feated on the Nahe, 11 m wby
s Creul/nach.

Sobiejlau, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Bechin, with good cloth manu-
fa(Sturcs, la m ese Bechin.

Sabotka, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Buntzlau, 8 m t by n Jung
Buntzlau.

Society Ijlest illands in the Pacific
ocean, difcovcred by Cook in 1769,3111!
fo called in honour of the Royal Society.
They lie between 150 57 and 152 ow
lon. and 16 10 and 16 t,s ^ ^^^- and are
feven in number ; namciv, Huahcine,
Ulietea, Otaha, Bolabola, Mourua, Tu.
bai, and 'I'abooyumanoo. The foil, pro-
dufllons, people, their language, reli-
gion, cuitoms, and manners, are nearly
the lame as at Otaheitc. Nature bai
been equally bountiful in uncultivaltd
plenty, and the inhabitants are as luxu-
rious and as indolent. A plantain
branch is the emblem of peace, and
changing names the greatcll token of
fricndftiip. Their dances are moft ele-
gant, their dramatic entertainments have
fomething of plot and confiftency, and
they exhibit temporary occurrences as
the objcds of praife or fatire ; fo that
the origin of ancient comedy may be
already difcerncd among them. The
people of 11 uaheine are in general fiouter
and fairer than thofe of O'taheite, and
this ifiand is remarkable for its popu-
loufncfs and fertility. Thofe of Uiictea,
on the contrary, are fmallcr and blacker,
and lefs orderly.

Soconu/co, a province of New Spain,
in the audience of Guatimala, ico m
long and from 30 to 60 broad ; bounded
on the Nw by Guaxaca, ne by Chiapa,
se by Guatimala, and sw by the Pacific
ocean. It is flieltcred from the n winds
by high mountains, which renders the
air exceeding hot. Here arc few lettle-
ments befide the capital ; but the foil is
fertile in vegetable produdlions, efpc-
cially in excellent cacao.

Soconu/co, or Guevetlan, a town of
New Spain, capital of the province of
Soconufco. It is feated on a river, near
the Pacific ocean, 130 m nw Guati-
mala. Lon. 94 16 w, lat. 15 iz N.

Soeotera, or Socotra, an ifland in the
Indian ocean, lying 45 leagues from
cape Ga'defan, on the coaft of Africa.
It is 80 m long and %3, broadi abounds

mountains of Ai

R O V

j:i fruit »ud cittli", ami is pnvticiilaily
r^ll'.{^(\ 'Of fmc al-j-"., known liy t!i«' h.mu:
of S cotnue aloes. The niitivi-n arc
Moll inud.Mis, with a mix'iirc uf [).i^ in-
Ifm, A' il tht-y li.tvi' a kmi; wMi.) <i« ptiiila
on Ai.ihM. Tarn.ira Ih thi- » .<pit.il.

S'n:n-iuii, a town of l*!iii.j|jiaii Tur-
key 111 M Ul ivn, r aU;<J un iht Scict,
jt in r.w JilTy.

Suilh'iri/, oi i'hlppiinr Sjtlhurtj. a town
in (j oiiciltcilhn- . wi>h a market on
Thmlil-iy, Ititt-tl in a hot'oni near tht?
Dowiis, 15 m KNK Biillol, and no w
Loii'f 'n.
S'ltirliamri \ fco Suderliarnrt-
SntliVy a vilhi^e in Icoimkill, one of
tlK- Ucl>ri(!es of Scotland. It waa for-
iTii'rly a billiop's Itf, whicli comprc-
1u'ihIc<1 all thi* ill tiids, toi^ethcr with the
id of Man; and the hilhop of Man is
Hill caili-d bifliop of Stulor and Man

Sodui, a town of thi; (tate of New
York, fmiate lui the s lidc of Luke On-
tario, on a bay 9 m lung and 4 broad,
\yhich forms an cxctllt-nt harbour, when
the rt'fl of the lal?e is agitated by a
Itorm. It is 80 m h Niagara. Lon. 77
5 w, lat. 43 10 N.

Soeborg, a town of Denmark, in the
iflind of Zealand, iitnate on an ifland
in a frcfli water !ak»>, 15 m wnw Elli-
nore.

SoeJ}, 3 town of. Wcftphalia, in the
county of Mark, formerly free and im-
perial. It is of large extent, and the
ftreets are watered by fln-ams that pro-
ceed from a lake. Tlu' inhabitants are
generally papilts, and part of the cathe-
dral belongs to them, and part to the
Lutherans. It has a great trade in corn,
and is la m vvsw Lipltadt, and 30 se
Munller.

Sofala, a kingdom on the coaft of
CafFrcria, bounded on the w and n by
the ftates of Mocaranga, f. by the Mo-
zatnbiqne channel, and s by Sabia. The
extent is 150 m along the coaft, and 250
inland. It contains rich mines of gold,
and is tributary to the Portuguefe,

SOL

Bog.ina, (56 tn wnw Adri<innple. Lou.

23 s't ' » '-U. 4 a 56 N.

Sofroi/t » town of the kingdom of
I'e/,, with a h.indfomf moftiue ; liatcd
on a hill, at the f x^t nl a inonntiuii of
the iiunt* n»n»o, part of Mount .\tLn,
ami bitween two rivcrH, 12 in v. I'Vz.

Sof^no, a town of the kingdom of
t'oiigo, in a pii'vin, c ot the lame name,
wliich isa dry I'ai; !y euiiiilry, bui yields
a great dt-al of fill. The inhabitanti
aie laid to be Chrillians, converted by
the Poii'iiiucle, and the cacMichins have
a church herr. It h f- ated on the
Zaire, near iis mouth, 160 m wsw St.
Salvador Lon. 1 1 55 k, lat. 6 o .'*.

>So/jnsrcf>fjurt a town i>f Hind>4)l\an,
capital of a diltrii'l in the province of
Allahabad. It is liatid neir the Saone,
130 m s Allahabad' Lun. Ui 52 k, lat-
23 ^o N.

Sohani, a town in ("ambridgt'fhire,
with a market on .Saturday, feated on a
fen of the fame name, near Soam-merct
which takes up 1000 acres of land.
It is 5 m 3E Ely, and 70 n by e Lon-
don.

Soho, a village in St,ifrord(hire, % m
Nw Birmingham. Here are mide every
article common to ihe Birmingham
trade, plated ware, el<'gant pieces of
filvcr both light and ni ilTive, and the
improved fteam engines now adopted in
numerous concerns. In 171)7, an ap-
paratus for the coinige of copper was
employed here by government ; and in
1804, the Bank of England dollars were
ftamped at this mint.

Soi^nies, a town of the Netherlands,
in Hainault, near a foreft of the fame
name, and on the river Senne, 8 m
NN K Mons.

Soijortnois, a late territory of France,
in the Ide of France, which, with the
late territory of Vermandois, now forma
the department of Aifne. It aboimds in
corn, wood, and pafture.

SoiJ'ons, a city of France, in the de-
partment of A\(ne ; and anciently the

Sofala, the capital of a kingdom of capital of a kingdom of its name, under

the lame name, with a fort built by the
Portuguefe, which is of great import-
ance for their trade to the E Indies. It
is feated on a fmall illand near the
mouth of the Cuama. Lon. 35 40 e,

lat. 30 22 s.

Sofia, or Sophia, a city of European
Turkey, capital of Bulgaria, and an
archbiihop's fee. The trade is confider-
able, and the inhabitants are computed
at 70,000, but the houfes are meanly
built. It is feated at the foot of the

the firft race of the French monarchs.
It is a bilhop's fee ; and the cathedral
has one of the molt confiderable chap-
ters in the kingdom. Here St. Lewis,
Philip the bold, and Lewis xiv were
crowned. The caftle, though ancient,
is not that in which the kings of the
firft race refided. It is feated in a fertile
valley, on the river Aifne, 30 m w by N
Kheims, and 60 ne Paris- Lon. 3 19 e,
lat. 49 23 N.

Soianta, a town of Sicily, in Val di

jnountains of Argentaro, on the river Mazara, which gives name to a cape

s o \.
and l);iy on the n coaft, lo m R IVt-
lermo.

SoUan, I town of W PrulTi.!, fitintc
on th** Kra, (6 m sa Marienwcnler, and
i8 K Thortt.

SofJint a town of Brandcnbiiri;, in
the N'*w mark, of which it wasforinrr-
ly the capital It hat cloth and wuoU
]nn mnniifaifliirei, and a tMde in hopH.
It ft.indi on a hke of ihc f.ime name,
the fotircc <»f the river Mit/.el, 16 m n
by E Cullrin. Lon. 15 7 p., lat- 53 a n.

S^ltbay ; fee SuutliviolJ,

Solenof, a lalcc of Iridrpcnd«'nt T.ir-
tary, lo m long and to broad, lym^;
midway between th» C;»rpi;«n (la and
the lake Aral. The water is fait, and
it has two iflunds.

Soleure, or So/ot/iurn, a canton of
Swifferland, which (Iretchen partly
through the plain, and partiv iilong the
chain of the Jura, ^6 m in length and
15 in breadth, ind in very populous.
The foil, for tl»«* moft part, i« fertile in
corn ; the diftr!«*th vlthin the Jura are
rich in paflurt; and in the moui)taiiu>us
pnrt8 are iron, lead, aiabalUr, maible,
and coal. It ia divided into 1 1 bailiw ict,
and the inhabitantn arc all Roman ca-
tholics, except thofe of the bailivvic of
Buckegberg, who profefs the reformed
religion.

Soleurtt a town of Swiflfcrland, capi-
tal of the canton of the fame name.
The church of St.Urs is a noble edifice
of a whitiHi gray ftone, drawn from the
neighbouring quarries ; and the arfenul
and town houie make a pretty good ap-
pearance* Soleure is furrounded by
regular fortifications, and ftands in a
delightful plain, on the river Aar> 18 m
N Bern, and 30 ssw Bafel. Lbn. 7 30
E, lat- 47 9 N.

Sel/atara, or Lago di Baj^ni, a lake of
Italy, in Campagna di Kunia, near Ti-
voli, formerly called Lacus Albulus, un
the banks of which flood the temple
and oracle of f aunus, In this lake are
feveral floating illands, formed of mat-
tf'd fcrge and herbage, with a foil of
duft and fand blown from the adjacent
ground, and glued together by the bi-
tumen and lUlphur with which the wa-
ter is impregnated : thefe being driven
by the wind to the fide, fome become
united, that they gradually diminifh the
furface of the lake, which h now fome-
what left than a mi'" in circMit, but was
formerly much larger. From this lake
ifTues a whitifh flream of a fulphureous
fmell, and of a petrifying quality, which
increafes in flrength till it reaches the
Tevcrone. Filh are found in the Teve-

80L

rone above the influx of thin lake, hut
during the reft of its courfe to the Tl.
ber thrrf arr iionr.

Solfainra. a mountii'i of Naplci, in
Tina di Lavnro, liirrnnndi'd by other
mountains. It \\\% a kiiid of cavity,
ab'»v«' a mile in diami-ter. which hai
l)c»'n the crater of .1 vf, cano. The
earth h«*re is warm and white; and if
opfncd to foiiitr depth is infiipportabJe
from the heat and exhalations- The
ground is almofl every whrre hollow,
and is fuppofed to have a fubterrancoui
communication with Mount Vefuviui,
Here arc matiufaiftures of fulphur, vi<
tridi, and alum.

Snlfiuitxhorgt or Sytvijlorg, a feaport
of Swedt-n, in tht pr<»vince of BIcnkin*
gen. It has a ruinou'^ caflle, and was
formerly in a more flourifhing ftatc.
It is nearly I'nvironcd by the Baltic lea,
and 33 in wswCarUcrona. Lon. 143)
K, lat. 56 3 N.

Solihull, a town in Warwickfhire,
vvith a market on Wcdnelday, la m w
(-'oventry, and 108 nw London.

Solingen, a town of Weflphalia, in
the duchy of Berg, with maiiufatflurei
of cutlery and ail kinds of iron work ;
Ceated near the Wipper, 15 m kse Duf*
feldorf.

Solkamfit a town of Ruflia, in the
government of Perm, famous for its fait*
pits and good hoi fes. It is feated on the
Uffolka, which flows into the Kama,
430 m NE Kafan. Lon. 57 a6 e, lat.
59 16 N.

Sollapourt a town of Hindooflan, in
Vifiupour, capital of a diitrii!t celebrated
f(^r mines of dLimonds. It is feated near
the Kiftna, 130 m as Vifiapour. Lon.
77 lo B, lat. 16 13 N.

Soller, a town of Majorca, near the
NW coafl, in a celebrated vale of orange-
trees, with a port at a fhort diftance,
from which the oranges of this diltrldt
are exported. It is 16 m nnb Palma.

Solms, a county of Germany, in Wet*
teravia, lying w of Upper Hcfle. The
houfe of Solms is divided into feveral
branches ; the principal one is Braun*
ftls, which was raifed to the princely
rank in 174a. The decayed caftle of
Solms, the feat of the ancient counts,
is feated on a hill, a mile e Braunfels, the
prefent capital.

Solomon IJJands '■, fee Dangery IJles of.

Solor, an illand of the E Indies, 70 m
in circuit, to the s of Celebes and w of
Flores. Lon. 123 53 e, lat. 90s.

Solferint, a town ot Italy, in Mantuan,
17 m NW Mantua.

Solfona, a city of Spain) in Catalonia,

SOM

ind a bifhop't fee. It U featcd at the
fool of a mtiuntain, 56 m nnw Uarce-
lona. Lon. 1 25 i, lat. 4a a n.
SoUau, M town uf Lower Saxony, in

Somerfet% a town of New Jorfcy, chief
of thi> county of iti luine. It U fcaicil
on Millftone river, 13 m n Trenton.

Somerfet/hirf, • county of England,

the principility of Luneburg-Zcll, on boiindi'd un the nw by the Briitoi chan

the river Bohme. a8 m mmw ZcII, and
28 wsw Luneburg.

Solteam^, a town of Holland, in Oro>
ningcn, with a large fort, at the moulh
of the river Hunle, which it c.ilh-d Gro-
nin«o Deep, 17 m nw Oroningen.

Solvat a town of Walci, in Pern-
brokelhire, with a harbour at the mou^h
uf the Soivach. 3 m R St. David.

SoivitxSerg, a town of Sweden, in
Blekingen, with a ruinous caftle. It is
aimoft environed by the Baltic, and 36
m wsw Carlfcrona.

Stlway Fritht an arm of the fea, be

nel, N by Oloiiccftcrihire, i liy Wilt-
fliire, SR oy Dorftiniire, and iw by De-
vonfhire. It it 65 m long and 45 broad,
containing 991,360 acres; is divided
into 4} hiindiedii, und 475 pRrifhest
has two citi«'S and a8 mnrket-towns;
and fends 16 members to parliament.
The number of inhabitants was a73,750
in 1801, and 303 , 1 80 in i H 1 r . The foil
in the nf. quarter is in general (loney,
and poflrnVsa lofty mineral tratit, called
Mtndip unit. Toward the centre, where
its piincipal rivers unite, are fens and
marihy moors of great extent. On the

tween Cunnberland in England, and w fide are the Quantock Hills, with

Dumfries(hire and KircudbnghtOiire in
Scotland. It is navigable for veflTels of
100 tons within 6 m of the extremity \
and the fiflierics, efpecially of falmon,
are very confiderable. At its head on
the Cumberland fide, near the river
£(k, is Sol way Mofa, which was a level
track above a m long and a mile broad {
but in 177I1 being I'woln by rains, it
burft out at the eaftern extremity,
fpread over a neighbouring valley, and
the furface funk 24 feet into Us prefcnt
hollow form.

many downs und open heaths ; and in
the NW corner is tne flerile region of
Exmoor, The » part toward Dorfet-
fliire, is high, but well cultivated ; and
throughout the county, efpeciully in the
sw quarter, vales of the greateft fertility
are intcrfperfed. The principal rivers
are the Far ret, Ivel, Thone, Brew, and
Avon. Cattle, nearly eaual in fize to
the Lincolnihire, are fed in fine mea-
dows about the head of the Parret.
The beft goofe feathers for beds come
from the marfhes. Cider is a common

Solumania, or Shtrexur,^ a town of produ£t of this county, and it has ^ con-

Afiatic Turkey, and capital of the
largeft diftriA in Lower Kurdiftan.
Sherezur having fallen to decay, it was
rebuilt by Solyman the great, and has
fince that time aflumed his name. The
governor, who is always by birth a
Kurd, uiually aflumes the title of Paiha
of Kurdiftan. It is fituate in a delight-
ful valley, at the foot of Mount Zagros,
35 m E by s Kerkouk, and i8» nnb
Bagdad. Lon. 45 ae e, lat. 35 a6 n.

Sombrere, one of the Nicobar iflands,
in the Indian ocean, 30 m to the n of
Nicobar. It gives name to a channel
nearly in the middle of the illands.

Sombrerete, a town of New Spain, in
Zacatccas, capital of a diftri^ abound-
ing in rich filver mines, 80 m nw Za-
cateca';.

Sombrero, a cluftcr of uninhabited
iflandR in the W Indies, hclonginp to the
Eiijiiifti. Themoft remarkable of them
i83 m long, and coDfifts o\ an eminence,
to wliich th.' Spanilh dilcoverers, find-
ing fome refembla'ice to a hat, gave it
thiti name. It is 80 m ic the Nw of St.
Ci.nii-opher. Lon. 63,^7 V lat. iH 34 n.
Somfrfft, a town of MalFachufeits, m
Brutol county, feated on Taunton river,
Jo m s by w Bollon.

fiderable (hare in the woollen manufac-
tures. Bath and Wells are the two
cities, which conftitute one biihopric.

Somerton, a town in Sumerfctlhire,
with a market on Tucfday. It was
formerly a confiderable place, whence
the county took its name, and fome
ruins of its caftle now form a part of
the Bear inn. Between this town and
Bridgewater is a rich tradt called Sedg-
moor, memorable for the defeat of the
duke of Monmouth, in 1685. Somer-
ton is 13 m 6 Wells, and 1S3 w by t
London.

Somma, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Lavoro, near which is produced much
filk of the heft quality. It is lo m e
Naples.

Sommct a department of France, in-
cluding the late province of Picardy. It
takes its name from a river, which rifes
in the department of Aifne, flows by St.
Quentin, Peronne, Amiens, Abbeville,
and St. Valery, and etiters the Englifli
channel. Amiens is the capital.

Sommerdyck, a town of S Holland,
chief place of the ifland of Overflakee,
5 m BSE Helvoetfluys.

Sommerfeld, a town of Brandenburg,
in the New mark|,witb mauufaftures of

•>

A ,

ii.

I

«0>?

ftni* cloth*; fotcU on the Ltipa, ij m
•iw Cmfrrn.

Somm'urej, .iton.. of FrAiicCi in the
df p.irtiricnt uf Oini, wiih :i tii.tiiut'.ic-
ture of ihick (i-rgt « , fcatnl ou the Vi-
doiirlt*, n m w l>y H Nifnit i

SoififHori.jlrOf ;i town ol' Si)ain, or !•■ •
coall of Hifcay, with a famousi Irt •
mint', 14 m nw IJilbai.

Stneifio, a town of It.ily, in Ci«'
motif Cc, li-iitril on the Oyho, jo m n
by w ( rctrior.i.

SoHtierbiiri^, A Tapoil i)f Denmark, In
the idand I'f' Aht'ri, with t»nc <it the hid
harbotirs in DenmuU, atid a royal p.«-
Itco, in which Cliriitian 11 w.m confiiiiil
1^ years, it is t6 m 1 ni'. ricnillhurg.
Lun. 9 4() K, lat. 54 .^7 N*

Soni/tf Inti/rn, a town ot" Upper *^iix-
ony, capital of the lower I'oiinty of
Schwart/bur}!, with a fine calllc on a
mountain. It llatul i on tho VVipptr,
24 m N lirfurt. Lon. 11 j k, hit. 51
ai N.

Softdrio, a town of SwifTerlHiid, capi-
tal of a tliltric'l in Valtcline. It (I.okIb
at the extremity of a narrow valU y, and
»)ccii{)ie,s both iides of the M.«ietico, a
fiiri(Tiis torrent, which niiiR into the
Adda. It is 10 rn nk Morbcgno, and
14 sw Tiraiio.

Sofiepour, a town of Ilindooftnn, in
OriHa, ftntcd on the Mahan.tda, at the
inflnx of the Taile, 45 m .s Snmbulpour.
Soner,i^o»fr ; ice Siinergouf^.
Song-fiiang, a city of China, of the
flrllrank, in the province of Kiang- nan.
It has a laru'c trade in cotton cloth, nnd
is Htuate amid ftveral canlils, near the
fea, 560 m s Peking. Lon. lio 45 e,
lat. 31 o N.

Sontteberir, a town and caftle of Gvr-
many, in Tyrol, capital of a lordlhip of
its name. It is lo m bsF. IMdkirch.

Sontieberir, A town of Upper Saxony,
in Thuringia, with a gteat trade in look-
ing-ghiires, nails, whetftuncs, itc. It is
II m NNK Coburg.

Sonneberi^, or Sonneubtirg, a town of
Bnndtnburg, in the New mark, with a
earth*. 1 1 JH the feal of the grand mat-
terlhip of the knights of .Malta in Bran-
denburg, Saxony, and Pomerania, and
ftands on the Lenze, 9 m v C-iflrin.

Sonne-wald, a town of Lufatia, on the
river Dober, iz m sw Lnckau.

Souoia, or Sew Savarre, a province
of New Spain, in the aiuliencc of Gua-
d.ilaxara; houndfd on the n by coun-
tries unknown, t. by New Bifcay, s by
Cin.ilu?: and w by the golf of Califc.nia. '
It is a hilly and rid country: the n part
is called Pimerirt, on account of being
inhabited by the Pi;nas nation uf In-

son

di.ini; the other p«rt» arf thfnfy p»fV
pled, but contain (ome tich innici i>t'
(Told and lilver. Arifpr in tlic cjpiial.

Sononi, A town ol New ^paln, in tlie
province of the famf namr, and a hi.
(hop'i fee. It i( featcd on the river
bonoia, ,^8 m » Arifpe.

Sifiloo, an ilhnd of the Indian orr.in,
lying Mw oi MiiMl.in,to, almoll nndw.iy
between th.il ,ill.ind and H.riud. It 1;
16 m long and 11 liroul, and eont.nni
about 'i",ooo inhahitantu, who are Mn.
hami'danit. it in governed by a fiilt 111 ,
and hirt domitiiom exu'nd over a }{ic;,t
number of imall idamls between Mm.
danio and Horii»'(», eaih-d the SooIdo
Archlprlago. The p«)pulnufuefH of Son.
loo iH caiif-i! by its ulvantai^eoiis fitn,i.
tion, which renders it agre.it mart, pir-
ticularly for perils, (ign, and nlihlo
bird-nelh. Tlie Knglilh K India Com-
pany have a rtlidint herr. Lon m
15 R, lat. 557 N.

Soouda^or Siidfm, a town of Ilindna-
flan, in Canara, formerly the c^pit,tl m
a country, whofe fill rajah wa.sexpjlrl
by Ilydtr in 176J. 'Ihi ip.ia- withiu
the inner wall was 3 m Iqnare, .md
fully occupied by houfes. When Mt.
der took polltdion, there ftill remiiiiid
10,000 houfes ; hut the liihletineiit wir,
have reduced them under 100. It ii
Icated above the Gauts, on the G.inga.
wali, 60 m . by w Nagara, and 75 a
by K Kundapiira.
So/)liia ; fee Sofia.
Sophiania, a town of Perfia, in Ader-
bijan, featcd in a valley, %<■, m nw
iauris.

Sopliknberj^, a town of Denmark, in
Zealand, with a royal palace, iK'ar thj
coall of the Sound, i.i m N Copenhagen.
SoproH ; fee lldeuhurff.
Sura, a town of Naples, in Terra di
Lavoro, with a caftic ; (tated on the
Ciarigliano, on the frontiers of Cnm-
]):igna di Roma, 46 m e by s Rome-
Lon. 14 4 K, lat. 41 54 N.

Sonat, a towu of Silcfia, in the prin-
cipality of Ratibor, ai m E Ratibor.

Sorati, a town of Lufatia, w ith maiiu-
fL»(Jfun's of cloth, and a trade in yarn
and limn ; Icated on the frontiers of
Silefia, 8 m w S.igan.

Sorbon, or Sorbontie, a villige of
France, in the department of Ardennes,
6 ni N Rethel ; famous for being the
birthplace of Robert Sorhon (confeflbr
to St. Louis) who founded the college
at Paris, called after his name.

Sorel, or Chambly, a river of Lower
Canada, which iflues from Lake Cham.
plain, and flows n to the St. Lawrence,
which it enters at the town uf Sorely or

sou

William Ilrnry. On itii hank* are two
forti. Sec ( '<6rim/i/</,.iiiii // illtum tUnrif.
Sonnto, II lie.iport ttl N.ii)lit, in l'iiii<-
cipiilu Citru, uiid an arcliltillK.p m fro.
It i* tilt- biithpl.icc uf 'i'all'i, .mtl UaiKh
on :i pfuiiilul.i in the li >y of NapU'j,
at tlic U)ot ot .1 moiiiit.iin o. ilic iainr
nami'i 17 m > t)y k. N.iplcH. I.un. 14 34
I, Lit. 40 ,\(> K.

Soriti, a tuwn (if Spain, in OUJ C.il-
tilf, built on tilt- ruins of tlir :in(:i< nt
Numantia,tic ir llic lourccol tItcUonio,
74 m i{MK iWirj^od. Lun. » lU w, lat.
41 so w.

Soriiint, n town of Naplci, in Calii*
bri.i Ultra, 17 m knk Nii-niiT.i.

Soroft A town of Dcinu.irk, in '/i-a-
lanii, with a royal colligc, mdowid
with thr rcvrnncii of a oticf rich ct)M-
vcnt- It is fcatcd on a fmall lakr, ,iH m
W!<w Copenhagen'

Soj, a town of Spain, in Aragon, on
tin; hordcrs of Navarre, 19 m nk Tu-
tlela, anil 40 w by s J,«ca.

Sq/i/ti, a town of llindodnan, in My-
fore, with a large fort, t'c:.tcd near the
Cavcry, 25 m su Scringapatam.
V SojpcUo, a town of tlie connty of
Nice, with a tr.ide in dr-itl fruits, p ir-
ticiilarly figs ; Icatcd at the foot of three
muuntains, on thu river tievera, 1} in
NE Nice.

Sovano, a town of Tuicany, In Sitn-
nLfe,25 m wOrvietto,and 45 n n w Ronio.
HoubiJ'et a town of Franee. in the «.le-
partnu'iit of Lower Chaientc, leUed on
an eminence, t)y the river Cliarente, 13
m wNW Saintca.

Soudaky a town of (.'rimea, with the
remains of an old fort on a mountain
clofe by the fhore. It wao formerly a
coniiderahic feaport, and Itands at the
end of a valley, which produces the bed
grapes and wine in the whole peuiiilUla,
it m sw Caffa.
Soudan; fee Negrolantl.
Houillac, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lot, feated on the Borcfc,
ji m N Cahors.

SturtJ, a ftrait between Sweden and
Denmark, througli which lliips ufually
fail (i jm the Categat into the Baltic. It
is about 4 in broad, and the Danes take
i toll of all merchant (hips that pafs
tho channel. See El/itiore.
6'ottr, a town in Syria. See Sur.
Sour, a river of the Netherlands,
which flows from n to s through Lnx-
embur)t, and eaters the Molelle, a little
above Treves.

Sourahai/a, a town on tin? s coaft of
Java, felted in a flat country, 2 ni from
the fea. and on a river that is navigable
fur veirdsof lootons. Lat, 7 u s.

sor

Sourtt •"> town of I'oriug.il, In Uftrf •
madnra, on the ilvcr 8«)urc, »; m !♦
L(,iria.

South 1 t'>wn of Pcrrtu, in l.arift^n,
fltuatc on the IVtiUn gulf. 115 m fiw
Ortnu) I, on. ^5 jo it» Ul. a6 "8 n.
SonjU \ fee Suj'a-

S'jii-tt/ienii, .1 city of Cllilljl, of the
fiiU rank, in tin provinc«M)f Kiangnan.
It it i't inlcrftdcd by canjU of ficiU
w.i»er that Furop" ann ci mpare it to
Venice ; and the adj.icent eountry ia
fo deliglitful, that the Chineic call it
the p.itadife of the world. The bro-
caden and cmbroidciiri made litre are
fltecnml rhronghiiut the whole empire.
It in celebrated for beautiful wmnen.
wIh) an- piirchafed in diflVtrnt parti
of the country uhite infant.n, edueateil
here ill all the plealing art^, and liild tci
tlie opulent, i he popul iiion i* pro-
di|;iouH, and the commercial intcrcourlir
with (tr.irigeri fo gre.it, that it might be
fuppofed tlie trade of all the nrovinces
c«'ntered here. It it leated on the
Grand cau.il, and on a river that c«)m-
municates with the lake T.ii, 560 m s
by I'. Peking,'. Lon. 1 jo o k, lat. )i 22 n.
Snitterraine, a lown of Franee, in the
department of Crenfe, 34 m n Limoges.
Sotith Sen; ice I'aci/ic Ocean.
Soutltam, a town in Warwickfliire,
with a market on Monday, 13 m ;> Co-
ventry, and 8i Nw London.

SuHthampton, a borough and the
nninty-town of Ilampniirc, with a
market on Tuefday, Tluirfday, and
Saturday. It is a county of itlelf, go-
verned by a mayor, who is admiral of
the liberties ; and it (lands between the
Itchen and Teft, which here flow into
an inlet of the lea, called TrilVanton
Bay, or Sonthamp^on Water. Thi" in-
let is navigable almoft to the head for
veirds of confiderable burden, and the
two rivers admit I'mall craft (bmc way
up the country. It was formerly a port
of great commerce, ftill polFefles a con-
fideiable trade, and has a particular
connection with Jerlcy, Giicrnfey, AU
derney. and Sark, as all the wool ii:nt to
thofe ifland8,duty free, muft be (hipped
here. It contains five churches, ia
furrounded by dilapidated walls with
towers, and had a ftrong caftle, now in
ruins. It is a falliionable place of refort
for fea-bathing ; and has manufafturea
of filks and carpets. Two m hence ia
Woodmills, where ia a manufacture of
Ihip-blocks, for the king's yards ; and 3
m sKarethepidtorefque remains of Net-
ley Abbey. Southampton is the birth-
place of the celebrated Ifa.ic Watts.
The number of inhabitants was 7913

'4

.?.-,,

if V,% I

.1 ■ ■

!IOfT

in iNoii «n<l 9A17 in iHii. A m«il-
nacki t M\» hrnrr rvrrv inornin| fur
t'uwf* In ihr i|l< uf Wight Ii U i«
m • ity w WinchrAir. and 74 wgw
London. Loii I i4 w, lat. 50 34 w.

SuHihamftont a town of New York.
In Sutr< Ik i-ounty, on ?hr • lldr ui I.otiK
idindt 11 m m Sagy tiarbour, and 7j k
New York.

Southbutjft a town of ConncAiciii, in
LichHild cniinty, 51 ai mw llartfurd

HouthrnJ, a vilhgi* in Kllcx. at thf
mouth of tiiff Thamei, 4* ni a London.
It iathf ncareft place to the mrtrtipolia
for (ca-bathing, and ha> good .tec )m*
roodatidni for company.

SouthtnJ, a villj)(ir of Scotliiu), in
ArgylclhirCion the » coaft of iherfnin*
(ula of Cintyre, 7 m » Camhl-town.
lli*re it a frrry-lxiat alw.iy* in wait-
Ing for the conveyancr or piffl-ngm
und cattle to Haliycadle in Irrbndt
and near it| on n precipicr ovcrhaiig-
ing the Tea, ii the old caille ot Da-
navi^rty.

Sout/i/leet, a village in Kent, 3 m uw
Orav('t«*nd. Some ftoiie coffuia, urn«,
Sic. were dug up here* at the com*
mencemrnt of ihi; nrefent century,
which evince it to have been a Roman
ftatioi).

SfiUthoU, a town of New York, in
Suflfolk county, on the n fide of an in-
land bay at the e end of Long ifland,
100 III INI New York. Lon. 7a o w,
lat- 41 14 N.

South<warkt a l>orongh in Surry,
which may be confidercd at part of the
metropolii, being feated on the op-
pofite fide of the Thamea, and under
the juriCdidtion of the corporation of
London- It ii called the Borough,
by way of dinin^ion- Here are flx
churcheii a Roman catholic chapel,
many placet of worfhip for diflt-ntersi
and fevcral charitable foundations, par-
ticularly the hofpitals of St. Thomas
and Guy ; alfo tlie King's Bench and
M?i(halfea prifons,and the county-gaol.
The i:umber of inhabitants was 671448
in 1801, and 72,119 in 1811 ; the latter
Dumber, with the addition of Lambeth
and other out-paridics in Surry, appen-
dant to the metropolis, make 169,260
toward its population. See London.

South<well, a town in Nottingham-
fhire, with a market on Saturday. It
is an ancient place, enjoying fome pe-
culiar privileges, and has a collegiate
church. Here is the ruin of a grand
palace, demoliflied in the civil wars,
which belonged to the archbifhops of
York. It is 13 m ne Nottingham, atid
129 NKw London.

SPA

StHlhwtlJ, a ifapnrt inSulTolk. witli
a mnrkrt un Thurtday. It ftandt «m
a cliff, near ■*■ fi\\< bay, with 4 harhour
to the •, -ind thr river Mlvth 4iul s
dr.iwhrldgi' on the w | that ii it xlmolt
ruriiiuiidcd by water, efpeci^lly a( cvrtv
high tide llrn- .1 much iftevmid ui^t
it m.vle, niitl 11 hut alio a trula in t<<rn,
beer, u'ui herring*. It it lumrt met
calleil 8owt« or Sole, and its biy Is
named Aolrhjy. In thia b.iy wt» ih«
crri'at Ccnhght, in 1671, hctw<cn the
DtiK-h admiral dr Knytrr and J.-tmci
tluketif York, in Mitich the vidlory w.i«
undeeided Sutithwold it ao m • Yar-
moutlit and lof ti. London. I.on. 1 ^4
w, Lit. 5* 14 »«

S^utQ Major, a town of Portugal, in
Beira, 14 m ww hnhel

Souvij^Hif, a town of Pr.ince, in the
dcp;(rtm<'ni of Allicr. (eiicd un the
Quel'ne, 10 m w by t Nlnnlitu.

•Sou;, a river in St.ifl'ordthire, which
rili'ii in the w part of ilic county. Ilowi
by Ecclethal to i)t.iff)>rd, below which
it receives the Peak, and loon afterward
ji)ins the Trtnt.

Sowtrby, a town in W Yorklliiic,
confiderable lor iti vuri'titrt m.inuiac<
tures. The inhabitants were 417^ in
i8ot, and 5177 in 1811. It hat a bridge
over the Caldir, and is 3 m sw llalii^x.

Spa, a town of the Nethfrlmdf, in
the territory of Liege, famous for mi-
neral waters. The p.trt called the VM
Spa confilts of poor cott.tgcs: the
houfes of the New Spa are moftly
wood and plallcr ; but the more ino-
dcrn ones are of brick .md Aonc The
church of the c ipuchins and thr parilh*
church are both i'eati-d upon cmln«-ncci.
The names of the five principal wells
are Poubon, Gcronflrrd, >aviiii:rf,
Watpotz, and Tunnelet. The inhabit-
ants are employed in making toys tor
ftrnngcrB. Spa is featcd in a vallt-y, fur*
rounded by mountains, 17 m!)!: Liege.

S/>aif, a kingdom of Europe, 700 m
long and 500 broad ; boumlfd on the
N by the bay of Bi(cay, ne by the
Pyrenees, which (trparateitfromFrancff
E and s by the Meditemncan, sw by
the; Atlantic, and w by Portugal and
the Atlantic. It contains the provincrj
of Old and New Caftilc, Aiidaiulia,
Amgon, Eflromadura, Galicia, Leon,
Catalonia, Granada, Valciitia, Bilcay,
Afturias, Murcia, and Upper Navarrei
fome of which have been fiparatc king-
doms. The air in dry and ft-reiie, ex-
cept during the equinoAial rains, hut
excefTively hot, in the louthern pro-
vinces, in June, July, and Auguft. Hie
vart mountains, however, that nis

tkrnngh Spain, ar«
hjhit4ntt by ihc re
lomr from them In
IhoCi- in Ihc M 411(1
trry <h»M. The f»i
thrrc arc Urge tr
ground I and thr fu
Id Ihr Logo fl'K-k
impctlci lhi« proj
The prihiucc of II

Kirliy, I'llfiiitl, h*
p'tn-, heinp, binl
canes with the ru
ri'iut fnnlM that 1
I'riiice ;ind Italy \
htj(h eftrim. W«

b'lft< of piry t||.|l

wilil hull* have lo
hnll-firfhfi wer»« tl
Ipr^Lu'li* the court
bit 'I lie Uomellic
whi:h iri-rcin irkkb
b<-rrrii, and Ihtep,
ii fuperior to any
ahouiidt in miiicr.iln
liaii, agate, jacinth
Itonci, quicklilver,
fulphiir, gvpliim,
marl)li'!« of fcvi-r.il k
Unfit jalper, and fv
riIJi, and airt-thyl
Anciently it w.is <
ind fiiver minct ; I
very of Atucric.i no
paid to thcin. Tin
the Douro, Taj I),
'luivcT, F.*tro, and .'
mcriy the moft po
turopc, it, now voi
fjf by the ct-nlus fa
ing the B.ilcaric 1II.1
fouls wao c.nly 10
('iminuti in ot'iitliab
havf contrihuteil; 1
the Moors, the emij
iiiei, the vaft iiu-n')
the clergy, .md tl
natives. Here is a
raoft ncct-fl'ary tr.ul
10 U' met Willi, tlu
tlie hands of the i' r
numerous in Spain
fcivoj, bcfide thi-ir
(lifdainiiig to llo^
They ,ire not, how
out manufac'tnres,
fliprt of that n.)uri
might attain ; for
the royal monopoli
broad cloth, china,
per, faltpetre, fait,
fnuff, and fome oth
in general are tall
fwartby, iheir coui

RPA

tkmtiKh Spaiiii .ire bt-nrflciil to thf in*
hahituit* by thf rclrflliiiiK hrrr/i-t ih4t
ciimr frum thrm In tlic » \}Ati» \ ihttuKh
thofi* in the N itnil nh an- m ihi- winii-r
frryrulil. The ft))! ii vriy l«i tile ( liut
thrrr *tc Urjcr IradU of uncuUivjird
groututi 4iidthr rupcii'tr 4ltrntion (Mtd
10 Ittr l.uKc nowlm iif ft)c<-p, Krt'4tly
impritci the* pnigrrfit uf .igiiciillurr.
The prtitlucc n( thr cmiiitty in whrat,
hirky, fiirriiii, hotiry. Hlk, (4U, l.ili-
pt'trc. hrmp, biDll.i, ;ini| ••vin lu^4r*
cinri, with the nclicll ••nil nuill ilclU
i-iout ftuitA Ihit n-v to Itc riiiiii(| in
I'l liter uui llnly ( inul ill wind ^it in
h'xh rll'tm. WdIvi* ar»« ihr thu-l
b<.ift4 nf prt'y tlut inlcit 8p4ln. 'i'hi*
Willi htilU h4vc lo tnurh ftrocily, that
biillfi,<hfi Wen* tlu" nioft fn.»j:i»iHcriif
I'pi'il.u'lf the court «)i ^p.iin <oiili| rxhi-
bil i III* Uumrttic uniiinli arc hoi lit,
which ir«'rcinirk.il)Iy iWirt, miilm.allin,
b<'r»r«, and Ihup, the wool nf wliioh
it fupcriur to any in Kuropi*. Spain
aliouiiili in miiicraUaiKJ mi-tdt : come*
liiii, agate, jacinth, loailltonci tiircoU
ftiinci, (|i:icl(iilviT, iron, copper, I'ui,
fulpliiir, ((vpliim, calainiiic, cin^Uil,
m.irlili'<« III iVvrral kin Ih, porphyry, the
Rm-ll j.ilpcr, and rvni diainoiul*, rin'*-
r;(lili, and aircthyltii, arc iiiiind lure.
Anciently it was crichralcd lor k;old
mil filver minci ; but lince the dilco*
very of Anicric.i no .ittniiinn hai been
paidtothcin. Tin principal rivirH arr
the Duuro, Tajo, (iiiadiaiia, OuidaU
(juiviT, E*iro, mid Minho. Sp;iiii, for-
merly ihe moll populuiiH kingdom in
turopc, ill now very thinly inh ibili-d ;
L)t by the ci-ifus taken in 1W0.1, iiielud-
ing the Balearic illandH, the niitnbcr of
foul* wao only 10,551,075. To I I's
(liminuti'in of iiihabitantH various caulen
have contributed; att the expulfion of
the Moorii, the emij;rations to the coio-
niei, the vaft numbers atul celibacy of
the clerpy, and the indolence of the
natives, llrrc iii a want tvcii of the
rouft ncoillary tr;ul<'« ; and of the few
10 U' met widi, the greati U p iri are in
tlie hands of the French, who are very
mimeriius in Spain ; the natives thctn-
fclvs, befide their avcrlion to work,
(iiidainiiig to- tloop to handicrafii.
They ,ire not, however, wholly with-
out manufaiJInres, but they arc far
fliort of that nourifliing condition they
might attain ; for they are checked by
the royal monopolies, which extend to
broad cloth, china, glafs, pottery, pa-
per, faltpctre, fait, I'ulphur, tolwcco,
fnuff, and fome others. The Spaniards
in general are tall, their complexions
Iwariby, their countenaQC«i vxprtflive.

SPA

The licaulfofth'- lidnt rr\g»» chUflf
In Ihrir noviU and niituiicrit tn their
urrlont thry «re Imall and ll>'iiit<r.
Jeulouiy U no longer the charaAi riltit
ofaSp4iii(h ludbind: the marrlnl la*
ill) • li.t*e their iiii|i'|i), or male altenil*
.lilt, ill the lame inaiiin r 4i ilic ImImiis
have their cic (btu The clUblilhiU
religion i« poprryt aful hric the in-
<|iiilition one*- iei){ned Ul all it* hnrrnr'i,
but III i-<ij II wi«<niitciy It pp'rHe'l.
Thrrr are ttKKi archbilhopncn, 4$
tpilcopil I,.., and 14 iinivrrfl'lii, or
rrflhei aiMib iiiii- . The 8p iiulh lanyiiave
ijninjc* tiiini ihf Uutnui, but ina* y of
the wi'idi an- dtuvid I'lom the Ma-
bic, tifed by the Moiir*, who for fcven
ceniutie4 held dominion In thi» coiiii*
tiy , the rpetcli IS Ki'.tve, (oiioiouR, in«|
Very nuloiiiouit >Soiin, once the molt
fiee, irt how one ot the molt dri'punc
ninnarchii-K in Kurope. It had •tic its
coite'ior parliamentu, whi' h had great

fiiivilr((c i but now, though not ablo-
utely abolillu-'l, Ihcv are under iht
control of the kiii)(. lint the delpiitifni
of the nuniiriliy ii balaneid by the
power oi the chinch, to whitli the no-
bles are rubtn'H'ive dcvotiesi; and by
many coiintiU, whieh are tel'poi liblo
for any n iwile or nnfiuvrftfnl mea«
liires. In itioH. the I'leiich attempti'd
to uvi'iturn the i;overninent of thig
country ; and haviii); alliiied the ruyal
family into France, they were rttain/cl
there by N.ipoleon. and Iiih brother
Joliph feiit to Madrid, where lie al-
lunud the title of king of Spain. '1 he
Spjiiianlb iniinedi itily appointed a lu-
prenie Junta of>;i)V> ininent of the kinif
ttom, who, ill iKio, liimmoiicd the
cortci to join them at Cadi/ . and this
alPmlily, l'uhl'r(|iunlly removed to Se-
ville and Madrid, are erdcivoiiring ti»
ri'ilore Ferdinand vii. thcirabfent king.
'I'he campaiyrns of 1811 and 1812, of
the tiniteil Spa idli, PortUKtufe, and
Uritifli forcen, under lonl Wellington,
were carried on with variablr fuceels ;
but in that of 1H13, aftir ihc battle of
the Pyrenees, few of the French re-
mained in Spain; ai.d in October the
allied army pallid the Hiddloi, ^m\ ef.
tabliibcditli'ltin France [Onthedown-
fall of N?poleon,iii 1UJ4. Fuiiinand vtt
was rellored, and the .lupiiliiion re-
cHablilhcd.] Madiid is tl e capital.

'S/fl/w, Afiy, an exteiilivc kingdom
in the w part of N America, belonging
to Spain, and governed by a viceroy.
Sci.' Mexico.

Spottla, a town of Harbary, in the
kingdom of 'I'unis, near whii h are ex-
teulivc and xnagnilicent ruins. It i>
aX

',;i

Iflti

8PE

fituate on n riling grutind, fli;tdc(l with
jiuiiper-trces, 90 in sw Tunis, and 100
SSR Bonn. Lon. 9151::, liit. 35 40 n.

S/>a/atro, or SpiiIatio,ix (Irong I'taport
of Oalmati.i, .ind an archbifhop's ll'C
The harbour is lurgt;and deep, and will
frequented. Without the walls is a
fulphurcoiis I'pring, of great benefit in
chronical difeilcs. Ilt-re are the ruins of
the palace of Uioclclian, and of a mag-
nificent aqueduift In 1784, Sp;datro
was nearly depopulated by ihc plague.
It is featcd on a pcninfu'a in the p;iilf of
Venice, 70 m se Zara, and /oi .. .. ili-
gufa. Lon. 17 31 k, lat. 44 4 n.

Spahini!^, a town in LincolnHiire,
with a market on Tuefday. It is feated
on the Welland, and from its neatncfs,
and the canals in the ftrects, refifmbles
a Dutch town. It has a good carrying
trade in corn and coal ; and much hemp
and flax is grown in the neighbourhood.
It i: T/t m s by w tiodon, and 97 n
London.

Spalti a town and caftleof Franconia,
in the principality of Anfpach. The
vicinity produces excellent hops. It is
leatedon the Retzat, 16 m ese Anfpach.

Spandnu, a town of Brandenburg, in
the Middle mark, with a fine fortrefs.
The arfenal is in fubterranean vaults,
and there is a prifon for (late criminals.
Bayonets, ramrods, fword-blades, and
fabres are made here ; alio muflcet-bai
rels, which are fent to Potldam to be
finifhed. It isfeated on the Havel, op-
pofite the influx of the Spree, 8 m wnw
Berlin, and 12 ne Potfdam.

Spangenberg, a town and cattle of
Germany, in Lower Hefle, feated on a
mountain, 28 m se Caflll.

Span'tjhtonun ; fee Jago dc la Vega.

Spartel, Cape, a promontory on the
coaft of Barbary, at the entrance of the
ftrait of Gibraltar. Lon. 5 56 w, lat. 35
50 N.

Spartiwnto, Cabe, a promoritory of
the kingdom of Naples, at the sb ex-
tremity of Calabria Ultra. Lou. 16 40

■i lat- 37 50 N.

Spean ; fee Lochy, Loch-

Speit-town, a feaport of Barbado*,
formerly much frequented by the Brif-
tol traders, and thence called Little
JBriftol. It is fituate on the nw coaft of
the ifland, and defended by two forts.
Lon. 59 55 w, lat. 13 15 n.

Spello, a town of Italy, in the duchy
of Spoleto. Here are the ruins of a
theatre, and other remains of antiquity.
It is feated on a hill, 13 m n Spoleto.

Spey, a rapid river of Scotland, which
iffuesfrom a finall lake in the centre of
Invernefsfliire, flows ne into £lginlhire>

SP I

then divides that county from Banffdiire
for more than %o m, and enters the Cer.
man ocean at Yarmouth.

Spezzia, or Spetia, a town in the tcr.
riiory of Genoa, with a good harbour.
It is feated at the foot of a hiil, nc\ a
gulf of the fame name, 47 m se Genoi,
Lot). 9 .17 B, lat. 44 10 N.

Slice Ijlaudi ; lee Moluccas,

Spi Ibergy a town of S- labia, in the
principality of Oettingen, 8 m ne Oct-
tinmen, and [3 sse Anfpi).:h.

S/'iietz, a town of Swili\rl,ind, in ihe
canton of BeiT, on the w iide of the
Like Tliun, 40 m sse Bern.

!>pigi-lLergt 9 town and caftle of Wu't.
phalia, capital of a county of the fame
name, in the principality of Calenburg,
It is I z m r. by s Halcm.

Spigno, a town of Piedmont, in
iMoniferrat, with a cattle, fituate on the
Bel bo, 1 1 m ssw Aqui, and 40 se Turin,

Sp'iUmbergC: a town of Italy, in Fri-
uli, feated on the Tagliamenio, 14 mw
Uditia, and 47 nnk Venice.

HpUjhyt a town in Lincolnfliirc, with
a market on Monday, I'eated on the fide
of a hill, 28 m E Lincoln, and 133 n by
E London.

Spinalonga, a feaport of the ifland of
Candia, vf "tr, a good harbourand a cita-
del. It is fituate near a cape of thefamt
name, 30 m e Candia. Lon. 25 48 e,
lat. 35 20 N.

Spire, a late bilhopric of Germany,
in the circle of Lower Rhine, 50 m
long and 30 where broadeft, and divided
into two parts by the Rhine. Iti'?a
mountainous couairy, covered with fo-
refts, but pi- 'duces corn, wine, cheft-
nuts, and almonds. The jartEofthe
Rhine is now fubje(fl to the margravijof
Baden ; that on the vv of the rivjr is an-
nexed to France, and included in thede-
partment of Mont Tonnerre.

Spire, a city of France, in the de-
partment of Mont Tonnerre, lately of
Germany, and capital of the bifhopris
of the fame name. In ancient times the
emperors held many diets at Spire, and
it was the feat of the imperial chamber
till 1689. when the city was burnt by
the French, and not rebuilt till after the
peace of Ryfwick in 1697. Moft ofthe
citizens are Lutherans ; but there ate
15 catholic churches and convents,
among which the college formerly be-
longing to the jefuits claims the firll
place. Spire was taken by the Frencli
in 1734 ; and, in 1792, it furrendercil to i
the republican troops of France, who
evacuated it the next year, but re-enter-
ed it in 1 794. It is feated on the w fide [
of the Rhine, at the influx of th« Spire-

SP

Ibath, 54 m s by K ^
li,l.it. 49 19 N.

Sfiritu Santo, a p
Ibftwtcn that of Porti
Ijiiiciio. It is fertile,
Iriver of the iame na
linto a large bay of tl
|c,i;)ital is of the fun
Icjlllc) and its port is
lio m from the ocean
|,it. 20 10 s.

Spirit '.t Santo, a to

|lhe middle of the if

jll.iv.in.i. L')n. 79 37

S!<ital, a town of <

Irintliia. feated on th(

iDi.vc, 15 in WNW Vil

Sfitid, a village in I.

IK Lincoln, on the 1-

Itididg to the Humbe

fprings; one called Ji

the other Cnftletoii W

birs of Roman coins I

liii this village.

Sf>it/u'nJ, a famous
Iplifli channel, betweei
Itiu'ille of Wight, whe
|frequently rendezvous
Sfit'cbergen, the mo
[try of Europe, conHf
of dreary iOaiids, lyin|
ho E Ion. and 76 46 i
hwing Greenhmd to I
ZeitiblntotheE. The I
cipalilland, is 300 m j
covered in 1533 by fir"
who called it Green lai
be a part ofthe weft-"
1595 it was vifitcd by
Inelius, two Dutchmei
to be the original dif'co
it Spitzbeigen, or
fromtb'j many Iharp
mountains with which
glaciers on the ne pre
pearancc, being high c
colour, impendent o>
catar.tdls of melted f i:
ground of black cor
Ui'h white. In the
tinusi night for four n
mals arc deer, bears,
Ruffians from Archang
of colony here. Toth
group are fmall iflesca
Iters; the mottardi'cli

Splugen, a town

I the Griibns, feated ni

I the Hinder Rhine, 16

Sfoleto, a duchy of

I clefiaftical ftate, $5

broad ; bounded on

! and Urbino, b by Na

aad w by the patria

c

SPO

bath* 54 11 s by K Meittz- Lon. 8 29

t,|,it, 49 »9 N.

S{>iritti Siiuto, a province of Brafil,
bftwetii that of Porto Seguro arid Rio
jiiiciro. It is fertile, and watered by a
river of the iamc name, which flows
into a largr bay of the Atlantic. The
cnital is of the fiimi.- nam«', with a
ciillt, ami its port is a iTall buy about
10 m from the ocean. Lon. 40 40 w,
Lit. JO 10 s.

Si>iritu ^nnto. a town of Cuba, near
Ihf middle of the ifland, 15s m tSE
ll.ivina. Lon. 79 37 w, lat. a» 15 N.

S/'ital, a town of Germany, in Ca-
rinthia, featt-d on the Lifer, near the
D(ive, 15 m WNW Villach.

Sjiiuil, a village in Lincolnfhire, 12 m
N Lincoln, on the Roman canleway,
lading to the Humbcr. Here are two
fprings ; one called Julian's Well, and
tlie other Cnllleton Well. Great num-
bers of Roman coins have been dug up
ill this village.

Spit/wnd, a famous road in the En-
Igliilichannfl, between Fort finouth and
the ilie of Wight, where the royal navy
frequently rendezvous.

Spitxherj^en, the moft northern coun-
try of Europe, con lifting of a groupe
of dreary iflands, lying between 9 and
20 R lon. and 76 46 and 80 30 N lat-
having Greenl;md to the w, and No>a
ZeiTibbtothe e. TheMainland,orprin-
cipal illand, is 300 m long,'and was dif-
coveredin 1533 by fir Hugh Wilhughby,
who called it Greenland, fuppnfing it to
beapart of thewL'ft.^rn continent. In
1595 it was vifitcd by Barentz and Cor-
nelius, two Dutchmen, who pretended
to be the original difcoverers, and called
it Spitzbe;gen, or fharp mountains,
from the- many Iharp-pointedand rocliy
mountains with which it abounds. The
glaciers on the ne prefent a Angular ap-
pearance, being high cliffs of an emerald
colour, impendent over the fea, with
catar.idts of melted fnow, and a back-
grout)d of black conic hills, flreaked
wi'h white. In the winter it is con-
tinual night for four months. The ani-
mals Hio deer, bears, and foxes. The
Ruffians from Archangel maintain a kind
of colony here. To the n k of this dreary
group are fmall iflescalled the Seven Sif-
ters; the moft arii'c ):indyet difcovered.

Splugen, a town of bwilTerland, in
tbeGriibns, feated near the fource of
the Hinder Rhine, 16 m nw Chiavenna.

Sfoleto, a duthy of Italy, in the Ec-
clefiaftical ftate, 55 m long and 40
broad ; bounded on the N by Ancona
and Urhino, e by Naples, s by Sabina,
and w by the patrimony of St. Peter,

STA

Orrieto, and Perugino. It ia fome-
times called Umb-ia.

Spoleto, a town of Italy, capital of a
duchy of the fame name, and a bifhop'g
fee. The cadle, Uanding on a hill, ii
connected with the town by a bridge i
and the cathedral is a fine ftru(fture.
Spoleto fufTered greatly by an earth-
quake in 1703, and again in 1767 ; but
it yet poflcfles many beautiful edifices.
Here are the ruins of an ampnithpatrc, a
triumphal arch, and an aqueduft. It
is feated in a country noted for good
wine, near thi; river Tefiino, 40 m E
Orvieto, and 60 n by e Rome. Lon.
13 6 E, lat. 4345 N.

Sponheim, a town of Fr.ince, in the
department of Rhine and Mofelle, lately
of Germany, and the capital of a county
of its name. It is feated among hillSf
covered with vineyards, 27 m w by s
Mentz. Lon. 7 sU e, lat. 49 54 n.

Sporowt a town of Lithuania, in the
palatinate of Brzefc, r>r» a Lake of the
fame name, 34 m w by N Pinlk.

Spot/and, a town in Lancafliire, con-
fidcrable for its trade and manufadtureg.
The inhabitants were 9031 in 1801, and
10,968 in i8u. It is 3 m N by vv Roch-
dale.

Spree, a river that rifes in the moun-
tains of Bohemia, pafles through Lu-
fatia into Brandenburg, flows by Berlin,
and joins the Havel oppofite Spandau.

Spremberg, a town of Lufatia, on an
ifland formed by the river Spree, 14 m
s by E Cotbua.

Springfield, a town of Maflachuiwts,
in Hampfliire county, with a confider-
able inland trade j feated on the Con-
necticut, 20 m s by E Northampton,
and 96 wsw Bolton.

Spr'tngjield, a town of Kentucky, in
Boinbon county, fituate on the Lick-
ing, 60 m w by N Frankfort.

Sprottau, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Glogau, on a river of the
lame name, at its conflux with the
Bober, 10 m sE Sagan, and ao wsw
Glogau.

Spurn Head, a promontory on the sb
coaft of Yorkfhire, at the mouth of the
Humber,on which is a lighthoufe. Lon.
o IS E, lat. 53 38 N.

Squilace, a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Ultra. It was much injured by
the earthquake of 17S3, and is feated
on the Favelone, near a gulf of its name*
35 m sw St. Severino. Lon. 16 49 fi,
lat. 39 3 N.

S'tai/lot a town of the Netherlands,
in the temtory of Liege, with a cele-
brated Benedidtine abbey. Here is a
BianufaAure of leather, and a trade !■
a, X t

'I

K ■

ST A

doth'j and ftnffs.

is fcated on the

Rcclit, tj m s. Limbiirg.

StaJi-y ;i town of Lower S.ixony, in
the chicliy of Bremen^ with .i fortiefs, a
cc)llo(:«', ami three church's. It is tlie
princip'I town of the duchy, Bremen,
tlie capital, being a free city i and is the
feat of th(! regency and chief courts of
jiillicc of the ducliies of Hrtmcn and
Vcrden. It Ihinds on th<' Swingol, near
its conflux with the E'be, 4.? m nl
Bremt'ii I,on. 9 ;8 K, lat. 5^ 36 V.

Stadtam llnf, a town of Bavaria, on
the N lide of tlie D.inuhe, conne»iled by
a bridge with the city of Uatifbon,

Stnd:lwi\^, a town of t!ie duchy of
A^'eftphalia, on the frontiers of^ the
county of Waliick Part of it, called
Marfberg, ft;:nd3 on the lite of the fa-
mous S.ixon fort of Elmefbeig, which
was taken by Charlemagne, who built
a church here in honour of St. Peter
and St. Paul. Stadtberg is lituate on
the Duruel, 14 ms Paderborn.

Stadthci^^^eiiy a ftrong town of Weft-
phaiia, in the county of Schaucnberg,
with a palace belonging to the prince
of Schauenbcrg-Lippe, in the garden of
which is a mineral fpring. It is 8 m e
Minden, and 10 N Rintrln.

Stafarda, a town of Piedmont, with
a rich sbbey. Near this place a victory
was gained by the French in i6go, over
the duke of Savoy. It is leated on the
Fo, 3 m N Saluz/.o.

Staffa, a famous ifland of Scotland,
on the w fide of that of Mull, but only
a mile in length. The sw end is fup-
ported by ranges of balaltic pillars,
moftly above 50 feei high and four feet
thick. Here is a magnificent cavern
called Fingal's Cave, which extends 250
feet in length. The entrance is a natu-
ral arch, 53 feet wide and 117 high,
from which the cavern is lighted, fo
that the Cprtheft extremity may be feen ;
it is fupportcd on each fide by ranges of
columns, and roofed by the fragments
of others that have been broken off in
forming it. The bottom of the cave is
filled hy the fea, reaching to the ex-
tremity, and in calm weather a boat may
fail into it. On the n fide ofthe ifland is
another cavern, called the Cormorant's
Cave, which exhibits the fame appear-
ancep, but on a lefs fcale. The illand ia
every where fiipported by bafaltic rocks
and pillars, and fo much hollowed by
various caves, that its whole furface is
fhakcn in ftormy weather. The bafaltic
pillars are all magnetic ; the lower
parts poflefling a n, and the upper a s
polarity. This fingular little ifland is
ludoubtedly the gr«ateft natural cu-

STA

riofity in Tiirope, if not in the worlj
yet was Icarccly knowr. before the ym^
1772.

StaJfeljJe'tn, a town of Franconia, ii,|
the priiiripul'ty of Bamberg, fittiiitcoal
the L (liter, 16 m nnk Bamberg,

Stijffordt a t)«rou(fh and the counlv-i
town of Staffordlhire, governed by ji
mayor, with a market on Saturday, aiiJ
manufa(flure» of cloth and lliots, A
caflle was built here by William ij
which was garrifoned by the troopsoff
Charles i, and jeing taken, was dcmo'l
lillied by ordtr of the parliament. [[1
has two paridi-churches, and a ^^\
liquare market-place, in which i$ t(,{l
Ihire hall. The number of inhiibitjnJ
was 3898 in 1801, and 486U in ii,,l
It is feated on tlie river Sow, 34 m kvJ
Shrewfljury, and 135 nw London. Lon,|
2 4 w. lat. 52 48 N.

StaffordJlAre, a coimty of England,!
bounded on the w by Shropfliire, mJ
byChefhire, NE and li by DerhyOiirf T
iB by VVarwick/hire, and s by Worccf-I
terlhire. It is 55 m long and 41 bruidj
contaiiiing 765,440 acres ; is tllviiledj
into five hundreds, and 139 parilliMjj
has a city and 19 market-towns;;
fends 10 membi^rs to parliament. Tii{|
number of inhabitants was 239,153181
i8or, and 295,153 in 181 1. Tiiepriii.j
cipal rivers are the Trent, Dove, Sow.l
Churnet, Stour, Peak, and Manyfold.F
The foil in the s part is good and rich,!
tliough not without heaths, whiciil
take up a large tradt of ground : itl
abounds in coal and iron. The midl
die is level and plain; the Nhillyani!|
barreri, being full of heaths and rr.ooiJ
and where they ufe peat for fuel.l
There are alfo good ftone (|uarrifij
plenty of alabaftdrand limeftone. THil
county is famous for potteries, andfor|
the iron trade in all its varieties.

Stagira, a town of European TurittyJ
in Macedonia, celebrated for being thef
birthplace of Ariflotle, whence he :
called the Stagirite. Jt is now callti
Stavros, and feated on the gUlf of Coa^
teffa, 16 m wnw Contcfia

Stagno, a feaport of Ragufan Dal-|
matia, and a bifbop'a fee, feated oni
peninfula, in the gulf of Venice, 30 ml
NW Ragufa. Lon. 17 50 e, lat. 43 jJ"!

Staines, a town in Middlefex, witiia
market on Friday, feated on theThaipesJ
over which is an iron bridge. A littlfl
above the bridge, at Coin Ditch, is ttel
London Mark Stone, which is the aoj
cient boundary to the jurifdidtion oft
city of London on the Thames, ani|
hears the date of 1 280. Staines ig M
w by s London.

ST A

fitalhridge, a town in Dorfetfliirf,

,itli a market on Tiiefday, and a ananu-
\i&\xxt of ftockings. Here is Jin ancient
jcroli of one ftone, ai fret high, on a

afe of 8 feet. It is leattd near the

Stour, ao m N by E Dorcheftcr, and
li,i w by s London.
Staleif, a village in L.?ncafliirc, 9 m e

danchefttr, on the river Tame, over
Hvhich ii a bridge into Ch«'fl»ire It is
fluted for weavers, diert, and pn-flersof

voollen doth, and hai fomc fliarcin the
Icotton trade.

Stalimenf ; fee L tnnoj.

Stamford, a borough in Lincohifliire,

LoTcrned by a mayor, with a market on

Monday and Friday. It in featcd oi»

[the Welland, which is navigablf hence,

knd Ins a good trade, particularly in

fnalt and freeftone. Here fnblifts the

jiiotiible cuftom of Borough Englifli, by

Ifthich the yonngell Tons inherit the

Bands and tenements of the father dying

Jnteftate. Here are fix parifli-chiirches,

^nd it had formerly a college, whofe

Itudents rtmoved to Jirafenofe college,

tn Oxford. It is 44 m s Lincoln, arid

N by w London. Lon. o 31 w, lut.

|514»N.

UtamforJ, a town of Connecflicut, in

airfield county, fituate on Mill river,

irhich flows into Long ifland found, 44

I NE New York.

Stampalia, an ifland in the Archipe-

ago, 30 m wStanchio. It is 12 m long
{and j broad, has few inhabitants, and

Rants frelh water.
Stanchio, a fertile ifland of the Archi-

lelago, near the coaft of Natolia, 40

Nw of Rhodes. It is the ancient

|Cos, the birthplace of Hippocrates and

^pelles ; and is 25 m long and lo broad.
pt abounds with cyprefs and turpentine
pes, and a great variety of medicinal
plants. The capital, of the fame name,
ps i bifliop's fee ; feated at the foot of a

nountain, at the bottom of a bay, and
has a good harbour defended by a caftle.
lon. a; 10 E, lat. 36 45 N.

Standon, a town in Hertfordfliire,

*ith a market on Friday, feated on the
[river Rib, 8 m ne Hertford, and a; n
V E London

9TA

with a market on Saturday, la m a
Glouceftcr, and 105 w London.

Stimmore,A village in Middk-lex, a m
Nw l-ldgeware. 'I'lie common is lo
elevated a fpot.that fome trees here are
vifibiefrom the German ocean.

Stansfield, a town in W Yurklhire,
conliderable for Its manufadiires. The
number of inhabitants were 4768 in
1801, and 5447 in 181 1. It is 9 m w
Halifax.

StanavixJ'ort; fee Rome, in NewYork.

Htmitz, a town of SwUierland, capital
of the lower valley of Underwalden.
Near this place, -in 1798, the troorsof
Underwalden were totally defeated by
the French, who afterward burnt the
town and put the inhabitants to the
fword. It is leated in a plain, at the
ftiot of Stanzbcrg, 8 m se Luccrn, and
3 8 K Bern.

Stara Hufa, a town of RunTia, in the

fovernment of Novoporod, on the river
'olilh, near the lakcllm<n, 40 m s No-
vogorod. Lon. 33 2 v., lat. 57 40 n.

Starbrock, a feaport of Guayaiia, and
the leat of government for the li'ttle-
ment of Demerary and Iirciuibo. It
ftands on the e fide of the river Deme-
rary, nearljf a m above the iort, which
commands its entrance. Lon. 58 o w,
lat. 6 30 N.

Starenbergi a town and caflle of Ba-
varia, near the n end of the lake Wurm-
iee, 14 m .-w Munich.

Stargard, a town of Lower Saxony,
in Mecklcnburg-Stielitz, with a caftle
belonging to the prince, 10 m n by b
Strelitz.

Stargard, Nenu, a town of Further
Pomerania, with a college, fine manu-
fadlures'of wool, and a confidcrable
traile. It was taken by the Kulfians in
1758. It flands on the Ihna, which
flows to the Oder, and is ao m e Stettin.
Lon. 15 i,^ E, lat. 53 36 N.

Start Pointi a promontory on the
coaft of Devonfliire, 14 m s by w Dart-
mouth. Lon. 3 4S w, lat. 50 13 n.

Stasfurt, a town of Upper Saxony, in
the duchy of Magdeburg, with fome
good fait- works, 21 m ssw Magdeburg,

I

Statm ijlandy an ifland of New York,

Stanford, a town of Kentucky, chief 18 m long and fix broad, which forma

f Lincoln county. It is fituate in a the county of Richmond. On the s fide

fertile plain, 10 m ssE Danville, and 40 is a trait of level land ; but the ifland in

by w Lexington. general is rough, and the hills high.

Stanhope^ a town in the county of Richmond is the only town of note.

urham, with a market on Tuefday ; Staten Land, a barren cragj y ifland,

piefly inhabited by miners, and feated near the se point of Terra del Fuego.

pn the Wear, ao m w Durham, and 463 The paflagc between them is the ftrait

' by w London. ofLeMaire. It is of a fquare formi

Stanley, a town in Gloucefterlhire, and the eaftern pui.-?t, now generally

1 X'.

1. : B

STE
paflTed by vefTfla going round Cape
Horn . is called Cape St. John. Lot). 6j
47 w.lar 54508.

Stfitrjhurgt a town of S Carolina, chief
6f Clermont county, fitiiate on Beech
crct'k. which joins the Watetce a few
miles w of the town. It is 20 m t Cam-
den, and 95 n by w Clinrlefton.

Stavanger, a feapott of Norway, in
the provinct of ChriJlianfand, and ca-
pital «)f a dillrid of the fame name.
rJear it is a fortrefs called Dofwick. It
is fcated on a peninluia, 105 m wnw
Chriftianfand. Lon. s 55 k, lat. ^8 58 n.

Stavercrit a town of Holland, in
Frieflnnd, formerly a rich city and fen-
port, but now much decayed, and the
harbour choked up. The ancient kings
of Friefland made it tiieir ordinary re-
fidencc, and there remnine enough of
its former fplendour to make rt a con-
fiderable town. It has ftill fome ti'ado,
tfpecially in fiftiing, andin paflaj^'*? boats
over the pools and lakes of the neigh-
bourhood. It is feated'on the Ziiider
teci 8 m w Sloien, and 17 nb Enchuy-
fbn. Lon. 5 13 e, lat. 5254 n.

Stauffen^ a town of Suabia, in Brif-
pau, htuate on the Mchlbach, 8ms
Friburg.

Stauffenburgt a town and ciftle of
Germany, in Upper Hefle, iituate on
the Lohn, 5 m nne GielTen.

Staunton, a town of Virginia, chief
of Augufla county. It is fituate on
Middle river, a water of the Potomac,
100 m ssw VVinchefter. Lon. 79 35 w,
lat. gS ij N.

Stavros ; fee Stagira-

Stawropol, a town of RufTia, in the
province of Caucafia, with a fort. The
ftreets are fpacious, and it has a large
market'houfe, Aockcd with all ibrts of
commodities. It is feated on an emi-
nence, at the fource of the Atfchile, 70
m NNw Georgiewfti, and hose Afoph.

Steenbergeiti a town of Diitch Bra-
bant, formerly a ftrong place, with a
convenient harbour; but the (ea has re-
tired from it about 3 m, which, with
the calamities it has fnffered by war,
has reduced it to a poor town. It has a
communication with the Meufe, and is
7 m N Bergen op Zoom.

Steenkeer, a town of Norway, in the
province of Dronthcim, 36m ne Dron-
theim.

Steentirk, a village of the Netherlands,
in Hainault, where a victory was ob-
tained over William 11 1 of England, in
1691, by the duke of Luxemburg. It
i« 15 m N Mons.

B^mmyckt ^ town of |iolland, In

STE

OveryfTel, on the river A«, 18 tn si
Zwoll.

Stege, a feaport of Denmark, onthJ
K coart of the ifle of Mcnii, almoft |ii,,[
rounded !>/ a laki', 4a m s by w toptn.!
hagen. L')ii. la 15 u, I;\t. 55 4 k. I
Str^g'utrg, A fe,i;)i>rt of Sweden, in£|
Gotlilrtiuljleaitd oii the Baltic, 25 ^ J
Nykuping, ;ir.(l 82 9W Stockholm. LonJ
!6 40 I , Lit. ijH 16 K.

Sicln, !i t wn of .Swiflerland, in \\A
ranniii of Zurich, ni the n fuk-oftfitl
Inline, where it ifl'iies tVom the Ulcofl
Cti:illai;te. Near it is the ancient chsJ
ii Hohciiklirgtn, now convened into J
w.itch-lo\vcr. The cinirch is on ihel
oppofite fide of tie Rhine, in a p|,cJ
called Hurj,', which is coniiet^ed tothel
town by a bridge. Ii is 15 m w by xl
Coiiftaiice, and 25 n i Zurich.

Stein, a town oi Aiilhia, on \hn
fideof lh«; Dinube, over which i8a|(iii|[l
wooden briii{ie to Matitern. Betwcenl
Stein and Ivrems is a military mainitjc.[
ture, in which metal articles, fabrf!,|
cloth, and clothes are made ami kipt.l
Stein is a m w Krems, and u Nbywl
St. Poltcn.

Stehh a town and caftle of Germnny,
in Carniola, on the Feiilritz, n m ,v|
Lauback.

/SV«'/?, a town and caftic of Germany,!
in Carinthia, featod on the Drave, unil
8E Clagcnfurt.

Steinau, R town of Silefia, capital ofal
circle, in the principality of WoLm. itl
has manufadluresol cloth, and itftatedl
near the Oder, 16 m nne Li|jnitz.

Steinfurt, a vown of Weltphalia, ca-!
pital of a county of its name, with »j
Calvinift academy ; li^ated on IhcAa,^!
m ssK Bcntheim, and 33 Nw Miinlkl
Stein/uim, a town of Germany, inthej
circle of Low^r Rhine, with a calllf,]
near the river Main, 4 m sf. Haiiaii.
Steinlwde, a town of Wedphalia,
the county of Schauenbeig, 011 the s|
fide of Steinhuder-mere, in wliicli istke!
llrong fortrefs of Wilhelmftein. It is 15]
m Nw Hanover.

Steinhtirji, a town of Lower Saxony, L
in Holftein, with a caille, 14 m iiw[
Lubec.

Stenay, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Meufe, on the river Mculei j
22 m NNW Verdun

Stenclal, a town of I^-fiandenbnrg, ca-l
pital of the Old mark . ii°re is a colony
of French Calvinids, and fcveral manu-l
fadlures. It ftands on the rivplet Uchi,j
5 m w of the tllie, and 36 n by i|
Magdeburg. Lon . 1 1 58 e, lat. 5* i5 H
Sttrnbergt a town of ^randepburdj

44 E, lat. 5330 N

STE

in the New mark. It carries on a great
commerce in cattle, and is ao m lnr
Frankfort.

Sternberff, a town of Lower S;ixony,
in the duchy of Mecklt-iiburg, lituatc on
a lake, i6 m be Wifmar.

Sternherg, a town and caftle of Mo-
ravia, in the circle of Olmiit/, lo m ne
Olmntz.

Slfrzin/fn, a town of Germany, in
Tyrol, celebrated for Its fword-bladt-s.
In the neighbourhood are fllver- mines.
It is feated at the foot of a mountain,
on the Eyfoch, 12 m nw I^rixen.

Stettin, a fortified feaport of Hither
Pomerania, capital of the part that
lately belonged to Pruflui. It is a haiid-
(bme town, conUlning :ibout 20,000 in-
habitants, exclufive of the garrifon ; has
numerous manufactures, particularly of
cloth, ftuffs, hats, ftockings, yarn, cot-
ton, ribands, paper, and canvas ; and
carries on a confidcrable trade to all
parts of Europe. Timber is the princi-
pal article or exportation ; and (hip-
building is a very profitable branch of
employment. Here are three forts, five
parifli-churches, and a royal colI(;ge.
In 1795, a fire confumed a great number
ofhoufes. in 1806, this place Turre'i-
dcred to the French. It is featcd on
the Oder, 70 m nne B.rlin. Lon. 14
44 E, lat. 5330 N.

Stfthi Mewt a town of Further Po-
merania, with a caftle fituate on the
VVillem, amid lakes on the frontiers of
Pruflla, 55 m sE Colberg, and 6a enk
New Stargard.

Stevenage^ a town in Hertfordfliire,
with a market on Friday, la m nnw
Hertford, and 31 n by w London.

Stfiienjlurgf a town of Virginia, on
the road from Philadelphia to Staunton,
13 m sw Winchcfter.

Stevenflon, a town of Scotland, in
Ayrdiirt, famous for the coal ftrata in
its vicinity; fituate on a hill, 5 m nw
Irvine.

Stevenfwert, a fortrefs of the Nether-
lands, in Upper Gelderland, feated on
the Meufe, 6 m ssw Ruremonde.

Stenvart Ijlands^ five ifiands in the
Pacific ocean, difcovered by captain
Hunter in 1791, and named by him in
honour of atimiral Keith Stewart. Lon.
163 18 E, lat. 8 a6 s.

Steivarton, a town of Scotland, in
Ayrlhire, with a noted manufacture of
bonnets, 6 m n by e Irvine.

Stcwnrton, a town of Ireland, in the

county of Tyrone, 5m NNtDung.innon.

Steyning, a borough in Suflex, with a

market on Wedneiday. In its church

vere buried St. Cuthraan, and Ethel-

ST I

wolf, king of Wi'lTex, father of Alfred.
It Im 15 m w by N Lewes, and 50 «w
London.

Steyr, a town of Auftria, which has a
Croat tratli' in artichis of iron and fteel.
The i'rench entered it in 1800, and
concluded ati armiftice for a peace with
the AiiftritiuH. It is feated at the con-
flux of the Steyr with the Ens, 20 m sk
Lint/..

Steyreg, a town and caflle of Auftria,
fituate on a mountain, on the N fide of
the Danube, 8 m k Lintz-

Stkkhaufcn, a town and caftle of
Weftphalia, in the principality of E
Fritllarid, aa m ese Emdcii.

Stigliano, a town of Naples, in Bafill-
cata, famous for its baths ; fi:ited near
the Salandrella, a6 m sse Aceicnza.

Stillwater, a town of New York, in
Albany county, on the w fide of the
Hudfon, 45 m N Albany.

Stilton, a town in IluntingdonfliirCf
celebrated for a rich kind of chcelt; ; but
now principally made at Melton Mow-
uray, in Leicelterlhire. It is 14 n. s by
E Stamford, and 75 N by e London.

Stiiic/iar, H river of Scotl.md, in the S
part of Ayrfliire, which has a rapid
courle of a6 m, and enters the ocean
below Ballantrae.

Stiria, a duchy of Germany, in the
circle of Auftria, 125 m long and 17
broad ; bounded on the n by Aullria, e
by Hungary, s by Carniola, and w by
Carinthia and Salzburg. It is divided
into Upper and Lower Stiria; the former
coniiiins the circles of Judenburg and
Bruck, and the latter thofe of Gratz,
Murchburg, and Cilly. Though a moun-
tainous country, clothed with oak,
beech, and pine, every kind of grain is
well cultivated, and tlie while wine is
very pli.'afant. It contains mines of ex-
cellent iron, whence the arms made here
are in great efteem ; alfo mines of lead
and coal. The inhabitants .ire zealous
worftiippersof the virgin Mary. Gratz
and Judenburg are the chief towns.

Stirling, a borough of Scotland, ca-
pital of Stirlingdiire, leaied by the river
Forth, on the fide of a hill that termi-
nates abruptly in a fteep balaltic rock.
On this rock is an ancient caftle, once a
place of great ftrtngth, and often the
Icene of bloody contention. The palace,
eredtcd by James v, i« a ftately build-
ing ; the outfide curioully ornamented
with grotelque figures. Here are two
churches and a famous grammar fchnol.
In the town and neighbourhood are

manufadurcs of carpets, Ihaloons, and

other woollen ftuffs ; the cotton trade

is very flourilhing ; and it haa a good

'f
,ii,.

f \\

':) >'

5 TO

f ilmon fidicry. Stirliiij:, from it9 com-
ni(Hli()iis litii.ition, comm.inds the paft
bctwit'ti tlic N anil n p.trt of Sc>tlaii(l.
Tlie number of inhuSit^nts was ^i^vt in
iSji, Jiiul 5820 in iHii. It i-> JO m
wNw Edinburg. Lon. 3 45 w, lat. 56
6 N.

Stirlhigjhlrey a connty of Scotland,
95 m long and 16 bruad ; bounded on
the N ty P^'rlhdiiro, NK by Clackma-
nanfliiro and the frith of Forth, sr by
Linlithgovvrtiire, s by Lanfrkfhiie ant!
Dumbartonthire, and w by Dumbarton-
Hiire- It is divided into 22 parifhes,
which contained 501825 inhabitants in
1801, and 58,174 III i8ii. It iundt n
member to parliament. Here are vari-
ous remains of Roman antiquities, and
it is crofTcd by thi- wall of Antoninus,
which is here gent rally known by the
name of Graham's Dyke. The s part
is moiintainons, but the part near the
Forth is firtiif. It abounds in coal,
ironltoiH", and litndtorc. The principal
rivers are the Forth, Carron, and Avon ;
and the Great canal crofles it from the
mouth of the Carron.

Stir urn, a town of Wcftphalia, in the
duchy of Berg, fcated on the Roer, i*
m N Dufleldorp.

Stockacb, a town of Suabia, in the
landgravate of Ncllenbiirg. Near this
town, in 1799, the Auftrians gained a
vi(5tory over the French; but in 1800,
thf latter defeated the former, and took
pofleflioii of the town. It is feated on
a river of the fame name, 17 m ne Con-
ftance.

StBckhr'idge, a borough in Hampfhire,
with a market on Thiirfday, leated near
the Tell, 9 m nw Winchelter, and 66
w by s London.

Stockbridge, a town of Maffachufets,
chief of Berkfliire county. It is 36 m
w by s Northampton.

Stockem, a town of the Netherlands,
in th«^ territory of Liege, feated on the
Meufc, II m N Mat'ltricht.

Stockerau, a town of Aiiftria, fituate
near ti.e Danube, 14 m nnw Vienna.

Stockholm, a city, and the capital of
Swcdin, with a cattle, in a fituation re-
markable for its romantic fcenery. It
occupies, befide two peninfulas, feTen
fmall rocky illands between the lake
Maeler and a bay of the Baltic. The
water that dividt s the inhabitants of the
diftlrent quarters in I'uminer, unites
them in winter; (or it becomes a plain,
which is traverff d by horles in fltdgps,
and by vehicles of all Ibrts p'actd on
fcates, along the tides of fhips fixed in
the ice. A variety of contrafted views
are formed by numberlcfs rocks of gra-

s r 0

ni>, rifinp boldly from the fnrfacp of
th»^ wafer, p.irtly bare ami pirtly cr.ip.
gy. aiid partly dotted with houiVs, or
ftMtht red with wood. The harliour u
an inlet of the Baltic, and the watirof
Aich depth, th.'t fhips of the largcit
burden can approach the quay. At the
extiemity of the harbour, fcvrral ftreeti
rile one above another; and thi- royal pa-
lace, a magnificent quadrangular build.
ing, crowns the fummit of the central
ifland, which condituted the original
city ; here alfo is the houfe of the no-
bles, the mint, the exchange, the bank,

and fcveral other public buildings

The churches arc not remarkable for
beauty, but that of Riddezholm is noted
for being the burying place of the kings
of Sweden. The houfes are almoft all
of ftonc. or brick covered with plafter;
and roofed with tiles; except in the
fuburbs, which extend on the n and s
fide of the lake, where many are of
wood, paii^ed red. The royal acade-
my of fciencet, owes its inftitntion to
the celebrated Linn^ and five other
learned men, and was founded in 1739.
The royal academy of painting and
fculpture contains a fine colle(flion of
cuds, from the antique ftatues at Rorrp,
prefented by king Adolphus Frederic.
The arfenal contains an immenfe num-
ber of Ifophies 2nd ftandatds; and the
exchange and opera-houfc are handlbme
buildings. Stockholm has manufac-
tures of iron, glafs china, filk, cotton,
woollen, linen, &c. From the nature
of its fituation, it is upward of jo m in
circuit, but the number of inhabitants
Is not above 7.:),-;oo. It is 340 m nr
Copenhagen, l.on. 18 4 e, hit. 59 ji n,
Stockport, a town in Chefhire, with a
market on Friday, and confidenible ma-
nufadfures of cotton, printed goods, and
hats. It has two churches and fcveral
meeting-houfe«. The number of inha-
bitants was 14,8.50 in iSoi, and 17,545
in 181 1 It is foated on the Merfey, 7
m 8!.E Manchcfter, and 176 nnw Lon-
don.

Stockport^ a town of Pennfylvania, in
Northampton county, on the w fide of
the Popaxtunk branch of Delaware river.
It ftands 18 m ese Harmony, on Suf-
quehana river, and there is a portage
between them.

Stockton, a town in the county of
Durham, governed by a mayor, with a
market on Wednefday Here are two
docks for fhip-buililing ; manuf)(Rurei
of canvas and roprs to a confiderabic
extent, alfo of diapers, huckabacks,
checks, &c. and a trade in lead, corn,
and butler. It is leated on the Teei,

STO

not f.ir from its nu^uth, i8 m sje Dur-
ham, and 243 ^: by w Lotulon.

Stoitzow, a tovvii of Moravia, in the
circ'f of Tril'licn, foaled on llic ViUula,
13 m ^E TclMun.

Stoti; a village in Norfollr, 7 m rk
P )wnh.nn. It has a ferry om the rivor
Stoke, which in navigable hence to the
Oiifi'.

Stoht a viHage in Snttblk, amp.
Ni-yland. It h is a church on i hill,
whofc towtT is a r«.Mm;irk to (hips that
pil'- fho moiitli of the harbour of Har-
wich, at 13 tn c!iflanr«'.

Slokir, or Stoke l*oy;fi, a village in
nuclcinghamfhirc, 4 m NNK-WindCor. lis
churchyard was the iccne of Cray's
ct'icbr.ttcd Elegy.

Siokt's, a town of N Carolina, chief of
Miintgiimory county. It i-« fratod on
the Y.Klkin, 46 m wnw Fay<'ttc<-illo.

Stokfjkif, A town in N Yorklhire,
with a market on Saturday, frated near
the river VVifk, 10 m w by k 'Ihirlk,
and 135 N by w London.

Sta'lderjf, a town of Upper Sixony, in
Thuringta, capital of a county of the
fame name, with a caflle, where the
count rcfidt's. It is (eated in a valley
bctwee two mountains, lam ne Ncrd-
haufer "nd 55 wy-v Lcipzic. Lon. ii
5E, lat 51 i6 N.

Siolbtrg, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Mifnia, where great quantitiei of cloth
are mide, 9 m sw Chemnitz-

StolhoffTi, .A town of Suabia, in the
margravaie of Baden, feated in a mo-
rafs, near the Rhine, 8 m sw Baden.

Stolpe, a town of Further Pomcrania,
with a caftle, three churches, and a Lu-
theran nutmery. It has a confiderablc
linen trade with Dantzic. an«l a fine fal-
mon- fiihery . 1 1 is feated on the Stolpa,
10 m from its mouth in the Baltic, and
56 ENE Culberg. Lon. 16 48 e, lat.

54 J7 N-

Stolp'munJe, a town of Further Po-
merania, on the Bal'ic ft^a, wiih a har-
bour, at the mouth of the Stolpa, 10 m
Nw Stolpe.

Stolpen, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Xlilhia, with acadle on a mountain, 16
m E Drefden.

Stolzenau, a town ofWeftphalia, in
the county of Hoya, feated on the
Wcfer, 14 m ssw Nienbur/.

Stone, a town in Staffordfljire, with a
market on Tuefd ay, featsdon the Trent,
7 m N by w Stafford, and 140 nw ion
don

Stonehaven a feaport of Scotland,
andthecounty-townof Kincardineihire-
It (lands un a bay, at the influx of the
Carron ; and the harbour is fecured by

STO

a hiah rock and flone pier- Near it ar«
the ruina ol" the ..iltle of Dnnottar, on
a lotfy pcrpen'liciilar Mck airTioft fiir-
roiindii! Iiy itit fca The town \i\- a
miMiiiftChire of lif,>wn iiin-t , and lome
trade in dried ttlli and oil. In 181 1 it
cont.iined 1HK6 inli.ibil.oits. It is 20 m
NMK Montrofc. Lon. 1 j] w, lat. 5$
j8 N.

StotiingtoH, A feaport of Coniie(5licut,
in New London cdimty Tin li.trbour
ftts lip from Long ifland found, oppo«
(iti- Filher ifland. It is 14 in i-. New
London Lon. 71 58 v, Ut 41 a6 n.

SorkaUf a town ol Hrandenbur^', in
the Ucktr mark 27 m hk Berlin.

St'jnia<wiiUy a ftipri of Scotland, on
the K fide if the i(le of Lewis, at the
head <if Loch St .niaway which is a
good harbour for fliipd of any burden.
Here i^ a cuflomhouU , and a pi)fl«)nice»
anil a packit (lis w « kly to Ulapool,
on (he mainland of Rot's (hire Lon. 6
18 w, lat. 58 i« N.

Stortford, or Bijhop Stortford, a town
in Herti«)rd(hire, with a market on
Thurfday On the h fide is the ruin of
a caftle, on an arti(icial mount. It Itands
on the fide of a hill, by the river Stort,
which is navigalile hence to the Lea. 16
m KNE Hertford, and .:jo nne London.

Stojjertt a town of Upper Saxony, in
Thuni.gia. 6 m .s Wei(ireiifel8.

Stoughttn. a town ot MafFachufets, in
Norfolk county, whence great quanti-
ties of charcoal, bafkets, and brooma
are (ent to Uufton. It is 9 m se Dead-
ham, and 15 s Bofton.

Stour, a rivf-r that rifcs in the mod
northerly point of Dorfeifhiie, pa(re3
by Stourminrter. Riaudford, and Win-
born, then enters Himpfhire. and flowa
into the Avon, oppofiie Chri(tchurch.

Stour, a river in Kent, which ri(i;8 in
the Weald, flows by Wye and Canter-
bury, and 7 m beiow divides into two
ftrcams ; the fmallcr one pafTes'to the
fea at Rfculver, and the main branch
flows by Saudwich into Hope bay-

Stoui-f x river that forais the entire
boundary between Effex and SufTolk,
pafTing by Clare, Sudbury, Neyland,
and Manningtree, and being joined by
the Orwell from Ipfwich, forms the
harbour of Harwich.

Stour, a river that rifes in the s part
of Stalfordfliirc, enters Worcefterftiirc
at Stourbridge, and flows by Kidder-
minfter into the Severn, oppofite Stour-
port.

Stouriridge, a corporate town in
Worcefterfhire, with a market on Fri-
day, and manufactures of glafa, iron,
and earthen ware. Here is a frecfchool

'H 4

I

• M

8TR

fnnndcd by F.dwnnl vi ; and in the
nfijilibourhood ii> ;in hofpital for the
miiinirn;incr and iducatioii of 60 buys.
It is feattd on the Stour, ai m n Wor-
ceftrr, and ia6 rw London.

StottrbriJge, a town of MafT.ichufcti,
in Worct Iter county, famoiii tor rxcel-
).nt butter and chcdc, 2a ni sw Wor*
ceft'jr.

Stourmhijhrt a town in DoiTctlliirr,
with a market on Thurfday, ;uid u ni;)-
nufa(flurr «)f white b.ii/.«r. Near it h
the ruin of a cadle, once the lieat of thn
W S.txun kings. It is fcat'-d on both
fides the Stour, over whicli is a bridge,
ao ni NE Dorchellor, and ic8 w by s
London.

Stouibert- 1 vilhjjc in Worctfttrfhirc,
4ms Kid J? - linftf r. It is a bufy cen-
tre ' i'>d navigation, fcatt d oppolite
the I. '.vl ' the river Stour and the
i)tailot lire a. J Worccfteiihirc car.'!
enters t.ic Sevt., over which river it
has a h)ng flione bndgi*.

Stoiv Market, a town in Suffolk, with
a niailiet on Thurfday, and a manufac-
ture of woolirn (luffs. It has a naviga-
ble cut to Ipfwich, and is fcated on the
Orwell, ij m Nw Ipfwich, and 69 nne
London.

Stow on the WolJ, a town in Glou-
cefterfhirc, with a market on Thurfday,
feated on a bleak hill, aa m i! Giouccf-
ter, and 83 w by n London.

Stoivej, a town in Somi'rfctfhirc, with
a market on Tuefday. It had once a
caflie, of which no veftigos remain, ex-
cept the ditch. It is 8 m w by N
Bridgcwatcr, and 147 w by s London.

Stralane, a borough of Irelund, in
the county of Tyrone, fituate on the
]VIorne. near th«^ Foyle, a m SE Lillbrd,
and 13 8sw Londonderry.

Stradella, a ftrong town of Italy, in
Milanefe, with a cafHe. The French
became mailers of it in 1800. It is
feated on the Verfa, near the Po, 10 m
IE Pavia.

Strahfiitz^ a town of Bohemia, in
the circle of Prachin, with a caftle ;
feated on the Wotawa, 1 1 m sw PiUck.

Stra/en, a town of France, in the de-
partmcnt of Roer, lately of Pruflian
Gelderland, lo m sw Gelders.

Stralfumt, a ftrong feaport of Hither
Pomerania, and lately the capital of the
Swcdifh part. The inhabitants are about
11,000; and the trade and commerce
?re confiderable. The churches and
other public buildings are handiome;
and the library belonging to the college
bas a capital coltedlion of coins. Charles
XII, in 1714, came hither after hit re-
turn from Turkey* and ennobled the

STR

magiflracy. Stralfnitd was forced to
fubmit to the allies in 17151 but re*
ftored in mo. it furrendertd to thr
French in 1807 It isatmofl f'urroundrd
by the Ualtic and tho lake Frnncen, ami
hits a harbour kparatcd from the iflc of
Riigen bv a narrow clinnnel. It is 4* m
r.Nt I<oltock,,and 85 nw Stettin. Lon.
I) lA t'., lat. 54 10 N.

Strotumei, A town of Further Ponip.
ranin, on the river Kega, aim ne Ni.w
Stai>(ard.

StranjiforJ, a town of Irel.ind, in the
county of Down, feated on a bay of its
name, at the narrow part that coniic^h
Siraiigford loii^^h with the Irifh fc.i, 9
in K by N Downpatrick. Lon. 5 30 w,
hit. 54 31 N.

Strangj'ord l.ouf^lu an inlt't of the fca,
in the county of Down, on the e coaft
of Ireland- It is 17 m long, and 5
broad, and abounds with excellent (idi.
The entrance into it from Strangford
bay is not a mile broad. It contain? 54
I'ltall ifl.inds, on which the burning of
kelp ttnpIoyH a great number of haiuis.

Stranraer, a borough nnd leaport of
Scotland, in Wigtonfhire, fituatc at
the E extremity "f Loch Ryan. It k
frequented by v( iTelb empioyrd in the
coalting trade and herring filhiry; and
some fliips fail hence to the Baltic and
Ireland with corn. It li.is iTi.iniif.<(ittir(ji
of cotton, linen, and lealhci, anil i.s :6 m
w by N V\ igton. Lon. 4 57 w, lat. jj

o N.

Strajbttrg, a town and ciftie of Sii ibia,
18 m E Koiliweil, and 19 w Buchiu.

Strajhurf^, a city of France, capit.il
of the department of Lower Rliinf.
Before the revolution of 1789, it was
an arcliiepifcopal fee, but is nciw a
billiopsic. It i« lituate near the liliine;
and the river III runs through it, and
forms many canals. There are iix
bridges of communication between th«
different quarters of the city, and thi'
inhabitants are computed to be 60,000.
The piii.cipal ftrudtures are built ofa
red Hone, Jug from the qu.irries whicli
are along the Rhine. This town, for-
merly imperial, was taken by Lewis xiv
in 1681. The citadel and fortifications,
which he conflrudled, have been lb
much augmented, that Sirafburg may
be conlidered as one of the ftrongeft
places in Europe. It was confirmed to
France by the peace of Ryfwick in
1697. The town is entered by fix gates.
In the cathedral is a clock, which fhows
the motions of the conflellalions, the
revolutions of the fun and moon, the
days of the week, the hours, &c. Ati*
Other remarliable circuniftance in tbii

r?

STU
c«tb(dral ii iti pyramitlical tnwrri
which 1% 549 fret hi>(h In ilic chiin-h
of St. Th<)in,iH, ii tin- m.i|{niHcnit lotiil)
of the f.tmoiu marlliil Sixe. Straiburg
is a place of cotilidcrahle commcrcct
anil hiiu iiiaiuila(?turfit ot tubjcco, por-
c'tlaiii, (tti'l, l.icr, carpfts, cloth, lea-
tliiT. \c. il is 6.S m N Hali-I, ami 75 t.
Nancy. I.on. 7 4;, k, lat. 48 ^5 n.

Stra/l'urjf, a town of W PruHia, in
thi* province of Culm, with a callic ;
(c.itvd oti the Drigeiit/, 30 m kNE
Thorn.

Sinijhurg, a town of Brandenburg,
in the Uckcr maik, jj m n by w
Pirn/lo.

Strajburfft a town of Germany, in
Cariiithia, on the riviT Ouric, 11 m M
Cl.<t,'cnfurt.

Strajhurg, a town of Virginia, in
Sh«naiulo.ih county, on the nw branch
of the N fork of Shenandoah river, 18
m K^w V\'inchi'ftcr.

Siraj'.iurx, a town of Pmniylvania,
in LancalttT county, fituatc on an cmi-
ncnti', 5« m w Philadelphia.

Stritj'iiitzt a town of * loravia, with a
caillc and a irollegcon the rivirr iSlarfch,
12 m ssw Hiadifch.

Stratford, a town of Connedilicut, in
FairfifKl county, with two tdifici-s for
public wordiip ; Htu.itf on a river of
the fame name, 5 m I'roin its mouth,
and 14 waw Ncwhaveii.

Utratford, a vilLipr in Suffolk, la m
sw Iphvich' It has a (hare in the
woollen tnanufac^hire, and Handa on the
Stoui, over which is a bridge into KflTex.

Stratford, a village in KllVx, 3 m
ENI-; London. It is ft-paratcd from Bow,
in Middlefex, by the river Lea, over
which is a bridge, laid to be the mod
ancient ftone one in England.

Stratford on yli'ou, a town in War-
wickfliirc, governed by a inayor, with
a market on ThurUlay. It is memora-
ble as the birthplace of Shakfpeare, who
was buried here in 1616. It Ihinds on
the Avon, over which is a lot'g bridge,
8 m 8w Warwick, and 93 nw Lon-
don.

Stratford, Fenni/, a town in Buck-
inghamlhire, with a market on Monday,
foated on th« Lilfel, and the Human
Watting ftreet, 12 m E Buckingham,
and 45 NW London.

Stratford, Stoney, a town in Bucking-
hamshire, with a market on Friday.
Here are two churches, and a crofs
built by Edward i, in memory of hit
queen Eleanor. In 1743 a fire happen-
ed, which dcftroytd 150 houfes. The
inhabitants ar« principally lacemakcrs.
|t is featcd on the Oufe, and tbe Roman

ST n

Watlitix; Arret, 8 m ^K Huckiniftum,
and 51 NW London.

Slrathavon, 11 town of Scotl.ind, in
Lmerkniirc, fomctim'S called Avon-
dde, ancirntly Evand.dr. Hire is %
callle on .1 roi Uy rminrnce, and a con-
liilerable ni.iiiut.iiilnre of cotti>ii. It
(I nids on the Pomilion, near ili conflux
with thf Avon, 11 m w Laucrk, and
16 ssK Oljfeiow.

Strathinore, a great valley of Scot-
land, which extends along the fl foot of
the Grainpiaii hills, traveriing the king-
dom from Dumbarton to Stonehann,
and is bounded on the » by the Lennox,
Ochil, and Sidlaw hillH. The whole
valley is fertile, and intrrfprrfed with nu-
merous towns, villagcii,andelegantre.\t9.
Strat/ii/, a river of Scoi land, in Su-
therlandiliire, which ilVues from Loch
Strathy, and flows into a bay of the
N(u th lea, to which it gives name. The
bay is Ihelterrd on the w by a large pro-
montory, called ^^rathy Head. Lon. j
43 w, lat. 5H 4

Strattan, a to n . Cornwall, with a
market on Ti— (day. 8 m nnw Lauii-
cefton, and ai. w by s London.

Straublng, a town of IJavaria, capital
of a territory of the lame name, with a
caftle. It h.is oroad (trects, handlbme
churches, 'nd fine convents. It wai
taken, in ^43, by the Auflrians, who
demoliilied the fortifications; but it
was reltored in 1745- It is feated on
the Danube, 22 m uk Katifbon, and 68
HE Mutiich. Lon. 12 28 e, lat. 48 50 n.
Strati/bergt a town of Brandenburg,
in the Middle mark, with an old cadle
on a mountain. It has manufadures of
baize and cloth, and flands on the i<tke
Straufs, 21 m enb Berlin.

Strelila, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Mifnia, near which the PrufTians were
defeated by the Auflrians in 176:). It
is feated on the Elbe, 14 m n vv MeiflVn.
Strelitz, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Oppeln, 16 m se Qp-
peln.

Strelitz, Netw, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, capital of the duchy of Mecklen-
burg-Strelitz. It owes its origin to the
deltiudlion of the ducal palace, in Old
Strelitz ; in conlequence of which, in.
1713, the duke began to credl a magni-
ficent palace, a m from the fite of the
old one, at a place calltd Glienke, which
was before his hunting feat ; and in
1733, he founded a town adjoining tp
the palace, and called it New Strelitz.
The centre is a fpacious market-place,
and thence a number of flreets branch
out in ftraight lines; the chief ftreet
leads to the palace, aod the next to a

STR
y1«aCint take. It ii PeiUil tmnnghVr^t
55 m SK Ouftrow, and 5* n hy w lier-
lin. I.on. n i« r., Int. si »» >*•

Strf/itz, Oltit a rniall town of the
diichy of Mccklmburg, the rrlidcnceof
th( youiiR( r branch o( thjt houd-, till
tht'ciftlf wai hurtit duwii iti (711. Sec
thr precfding nriicltf.

Strevf^nast A town of Swrd«*n, In Sii-
d>rmania, and .1 l)i(hi>p'« fee, with a
college. It i« liMtcd on fhf lake M ic-
ier, ,0 m w by s Stockholm. Lon. 17
40 V, lat. 59 iB N.

Stretton; iVt' Church Strrtton-
Striih.)t,n town of Scotland, in Alicr«
dfnithiic, on the river Sljichi'n, a tri-
butary ftic.im of the fgici ^i m n by
B AhtrJccn.

Striei^aii a town of Silrfi.i, in tlic
principality of Schwcidnii?, liattd < n '
rivtr ar tht* foot of a mountain, 1 1 ni *.'
Schwcidnitz.

Strointjh'Jm, a town of Swt'dio, in
VVcllrriania, with an anliqiic royal caf-
tie. Hire is a canal to the iron nimLit
at Norhcr»{. It it fittiatc on the lake
JVLu'liT, iH m sw VVeftcras.

Stroma, a fmall ifltnd of Scotland,
on thocoaftof Caithncl'', in KVntland
frith. It has caverns that were once
ufcd as placf.'i of interment, by the in-
habitants of the neighbouring iflands.
Near its n end is a dangerous whirl-
pool.

Stromherfr, a town of Wcftphalia, In
the principality of Munlleri ao m ksb
Munller, and ae nw Paderboiu.

Stromberg^ a town of France, in the
department of Rhit c and Molelie, late-
ly of Germany, in the palatinate of the
Rhine, aa m w Mcntz, and ja » Co-
blentz.

Strombo/i, the mofl northern and eaft*
em of the Lipnri iflands, and a volcano.
It rifes in a conical form to the height
of 3000 feet ; and toward the e arc
three fmall craters ranged near each
other, nearly at two thirds of its height.
It is inhabited, notwithftanding its fires,
and produces a great deal of cotton.
Of all the volcanos recorded in hiflory,
Stromboli feems to be the only one
that flames without ceafing; ;iiid for
ages pad, it has been looked upon as
the great lighthoufe of the Mediterra-
nean ti;a. Lon. 15 40 B, lat. 38 40 n.
Utromnefs, a town of Scotland, on
the sw lide of the ifland of Pomona,
with an excellent harbour and a good
trade, 9 m w Kirkwall.

Stromoe, the largeft of the Feroe
iflands, in the Northern oc<Mn, a? m
long and 7 broad. It has a town called
Thorfhaven, which is the capital of ail

8 TU

the Ifland*, «nd xhr eommon market.
It lUtids on a tonxiir ct lund on tht tc
fide of the itl^nd, and has .1 fort on a
projedini,' point on the b Mv of the
bay I.on. -• o w, j^t. 6» 10 w.

Strotnfo^t H town of Norway, in thi»
province ut Aggerhuya, ao m iw C'hrif*
liana.

Sfi omjiii/l, n town i>f Swdirt in W
Ooihinrul. fimouN tor llulltilh ; Irutfd
on the coaft of the North fea, 45 m
NNu> Uddcvalla. Lon. 11 10 s, Ut. ^8

Stroiif;oli, a town (tf Nuple.-i, in C.ila-
biia t itra, lc.ifed on a high rotk, ;^ m
from the (t'3, ai.d 7 N St. S«verini».

Sirorijla, on« o! the ».)rkney idandd,
lying Ni of that of Pomotia It it 7 ni
lon^ and 4 bfo;id, but lo indcnttd by
biy» Ih.Jt no part ii .iljove a mile from
the (la. It prodiict-u an innneiife quan-
tity i)f kelp, k'ilXft many (lirrp and cat-
til-, and atfordi two j^ood harbours.

Strontian, a town uf Scotland, in
Arj!vle(!»ire, notcil (r.r rich lead mints,
in which a new liiiid of mineral was
difcovercd in (790, and named y/row-
titei It fla ids oil the N lide of Loch
Sunart, r5 m wsw Fort William.

Stroud, a town in Cjloucefti-rfhire,
witH a marki-t on Friday. It iu fiatcd
on a brook, whole waters being pecu-
liarly adapted to the dying of fcarlet,
its bunks arc crov^^ded with the houfes
of clothiers. A navigable canal accom-
panics the brook w to the Severn;
and it alfo extends p. to the Thameu, at
Lechladc. From thcfe advantages the
town has of late greatly encreafed, and
in 181 1 it contained j;ai inhabitanti.
It is ti m s by I! Glouceflcr, and 100
w by N London.

Stroudf a confiderablc village in Kent,
which joins the n end of Ilochcller
bridge, being p.irted from the city bf
the river Medway.

StutlanJ, a village in Oorfetftiire, at
the K end of the ille of Purbeck, 4 m E
by N Corfe caftle. In the neighbour-
hocxi are feveral curious barrows. It
ftands on a bay of the fame name, which
extends to Pool harbour.

Stuhlingeny a town of Su.ibia, in a
landgravate of the fame name, with a
caftle on a mountain, 9ms Furften-
burg.

Stuhlweijfenhurg^ a town of Hun-
ga»^y, and the fee of a bifhop, fituate in
marfhy ground, occalioned by the river
Sarwitz. It was formerly the place for
the coronation of the kings, and gene-
rally alfo of their interment; but it is
much decayed, fmce the works were
difmantled in 170a. The number of

L<>n 18 iH K, lai

sue « i; D

inhabitant! U tti\w*Wi\ At ii.eoe. It Fucffn, nn tlir w (bttn* of tb** nr.iitnf

U .'\o m iiw Biuli. iiikI Ko di: Piciburg. Lc NUire. Th** * puntontory, 4t itt

Lon iB iH »., lai. 47 >tt N. nitrance. i« called Cape tiucccft. Lon.

Stura, a new (bpariment of Trancr, 65 xj w, I it. 55 1 •,

. 1. . ..!• n.^.i . I. u»- :.. Sutzavn, a t»»wn of Kilrdp^nn Tiir.

incltullnic p trt of Piedmont. Il h.it it*
njtnr Irotii a rivci, which rifrmn Ihi- w
bonlrr, hhiI lluwn by Coiii ;uu! 1 ollaiio
to Chir.ifco. wlirn- it joint the Taiiaro.
Thf capital iiConi.

.V/«/tf/irr/. a » i'V of Sn iIm.i, r.ipitil of
the iliuhy of Wirtcnil)iiii{. Jt i« fur-

key, ill MoULivia. furmfrly a city, hut
now much ilccliiii*(i. it i« fcairii on a
river of llio Time name, 70 m Mw Jady.
L )n aj 5» v, Ut. 47 ^7 n.

Sinldt a (Irong fort of th'' ilb" of C.in»
dia, iitu4ttf on an iilct, in ;i gulf of ita

roundi'd by w.ilU and ditchci, and ha« name, which ii on*.* of the tincll and
an ancient calllc, willi a rich c;ibinet of fafill harbonr" in the I.rvaiU. riii-* fort

curit>liti«:s, a d'ica! pjlacc, iin orphan
houlc, acolltur. a tlucil acad"n>y aiul
uhfcrvatory, a niilitivry academy, and
one of the larntll libr'.rlci in (!erm-«ny.
Il ban maniifa<Jlurcior lilkb, UockinKM,
rihniidii, ;^c. and around it :11c iiiiiiiinir-
ablf vincyanis ami j<itidciis. Tht lln'cts
arc narrow in the city, and thchoulen
j^iiirrally of wood , but there arc fi.ii'
liouli'H, and ftraight ftrcctH, in one of
tlie (nbmbs. StutK^i'd wai taken by
the I-'rcnch iu 171)6, and an;iin in jytjg.
It i» Icatcd in a plain arni>nf.^ mountains,
pear the river Ncckar, .^6 m k Baihn,
and 5; Ni; Strafburg. Lon. 9 ai t, lat.

4S 44 N.

Suadi/t, a circle of Gcrrrany, bound-
ed on the N by Tranconia and the cir-
c\c of Lower Khine, w by that circitr
and Alface, 9 by SwilRrluid, and ^■■
by Bavaria. It contains the duchy of
Wirtcmhurg, the maiyravatc of J5a-
den, the principalities of Iloen/olicru,
Oetinijcn, Furftenbiirg, Mindelhtim,
Augiburp, and Conilancc, allii) IJur-
gau, Uriigau, and ibinc other territo-
ries.

wa% conllniClcil by the Vcneiiann, who
prtfervcd it a i,'ieit while after tatuli*
wai no lont(cr in their polli Hiun. It ii
K in * Canea.

SiiJhurify a borough in SnfToIk, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market on
Saturday. It has three churelteH, anil
wiHoncdf the ftrll li?atlofthc I'lemiiign,
who wen- brought over by l.dw uil 1 1 1,
to leach th- ijinlilii the .iit of manu-
fa*Jluri;)K their own wool. The trade it
now divcrieil, in great part, into other
channels, but many kinds <)f thin ltnrt»
are dill made here. It i» letted on the
Stour (wliich !« navipable hence to
Manuingtree) 14 m h Hury St. IMnuind,
and 54 Nii l.oiulon. Lon. 0 50 w, lat.

SuJerforSi a town of Sweden, in Up-
land, and the only place in the kingdtym
where anchors are forged. It is U- ited
near the Dahl, above the caiara*it of
Ell'scarltby, .:^H m nw Upfal.

SitJer/utmri, a town of Sweden, in
IleUingia, with a confidcrable tr.ide in
linen, butter, timber, and flax, and j
minufadurc of arms. It is fitnaie at
Smiem, or Suaquam, a feaport and the mouth of a Tivcr near the gulf of
the capital of the com tty of Abex, foat- Bjlhnia, ao m n Gefle. Lon. 17 5 e,
ed on a fmall idind of the fame name, lat. 63 10 N.

in the Red fea. It is the n'lidence of a Su(Urkof>ini^, a town of Sweden, in I-".
I'lirkilli poviTnor, under the balhaw of OothLiti<l, lonufrly inucli mure flouriUi-
Cairo, aiul was once a very flourilhing iiig tlian at prcleut ; (i.Mted on a uaviga-
placc, but i» now K'^nt to decay. Lon. bio river, 10 m ssk rNordicoping.
37 55 •'•hit- 19 56 N. Su,hrma>:i(i, a province of Sweden,

Subiaco, a town of Italy, in Cam- in the divilton of Sweden Proper, 62 na
pi^jnadi lvoma,fcatedou thcTeveione, long and 4a broad; bounded by Up-
33 in K by N Rome. ^ land, Wcftmania, Ntricia, and the Bai-

Sufn,a town of Barbary, in Tripoli, tic. It is th.' molt populous part of
near a lake of the lame name, from Sweden, abounds in corn, and has mines
which great quantiticB of excellent lalt of divers mctnla. Nykoping is the ca-
are obtained. It is (ituatc on thegulf of pital.

Sirtis, 36 m s Mefurata. Siuierielje^ a town of Sweden in Sii-

Stuatiana, a town on the sw coaft of ch>nnania, with amanufjifture ofworfted
Borneo, capital of a kingdom of the and lilk (lockings, Icatcd near the lake
fame name. The chief producito of the
country are campl r :uul diamonds.
It is feated at the mouth of a river.
Lon. no 15 v., lat- i 10 s.

Succe/s Bat/y a bay of Terra del

Mathr, j6 m ws'.*' Stockholm.

Sutloree, one of the Feroe iflands, in
the northern ocean. Near it is a whirl-
pool, occafioned by a crater, 61 fathpma
deep ill the centre, which in ftorms it

i«t'>,

■'I

SUP

9rry tlnnfermin ; liul »t lh<» rrffux, and
ill Ihll writthir, thi liih.ilntaiiti venture
in h4Mt« fur Ihr f.<kt of rilhlny.

Svfiifiorif, * rtroiitc «ii<l imm<*nr>' fur-
trcT* «»f Htvitirn, Ixiill on d »rr«l rikky
iiU'U ill tlir nu\f ot iMiiluiil. In iHoN,
it i'lirrirndrii il to ttw Kuni4iu. It i*
tltir«' m I* ti( llrllin|{lor«.

St>rftiort(, .» luport of Tivnmnrk, in
tilt ill 111(1 of I'uiK'ri, «vi(|i Ihr III It har-
bour ill thi* ifViiut. lirrt nrr III miif.ic*
turr* ol wool), ti jnd liiii-n. It in it m
lOilrniti'. l.'Mi n.<7 K,ht S59 M

Surnhort, ;i citv of Cliin^. of tin* fitii
r.itil(, ill till* province of I cichr li.
ft'jtrd .oiiid iiiou'iiiilnii, ni.ir thr k*'-'**
i^.ill, 77 m N >w Ptkliig. I.oii. 114 ,)9

K, lit. 40 |H N.

Sufx, a Ic ipoit of Rpypf, with a c.if-
tlct fciiril at thr n imkI ol'tlio w arm uf
Ihf Rrd li-a, iMlIrd thr \:\\\i of Hiirx.
Thi I jjiilf irt li-p.ir.«tt(l from the Mfdi-
trmncati Ity .in ilthmiiiy(|it tnilfii ovtr.
which joiiii Alia to Al'rici. Tin- town
in lurriMindid hy a fuity coinitiy, and
u without water. Filli in the only pro*
vilion (hit in piciititui; all othrr neccf*
iiriry of liff, for Ixitli min and aiii*
nialst iirinK broiiicht from CaiiOi or
im»rc tl fiaiit plurs; anti thir only
water lit for driiikinp: ix hroiighl by
the Arubk from the welU of Niba, on
thr other lide of the piilf, 7 in from
tiiii^c. Several vftl'eU are employed in
the navigation bi-twern thiH port and
Jiilda, wiicrt* thr commoditiin are b.ir-
tt'red for Indian (joodiaiid the coffee of
Arabia. The commerce «)f Cairo with
Sm/ in carried on by caravans, which
tv;ut thf arrival, and fet out on the de-
parture of the vcfTVIs, that in, about tho
end of April, and in the coiirfe of July
and Augiiih 'i he mcrchaiulife connilB
in corn, wood, iron, lead, wool, clo'h,
cochineal, fiils, cordajje, &c Sue/ is
65 m V. Cairo. Lon. 3151 K, lai .:^o 1 n.

Sitffifld, a town of ConnrCticut, in
Hartford county, on the w lide of Con-
necticut river, 17 m N Hnrtford.

Suffolk, a county of England, bound-
ed on the a by Eflcx, w by Cambridge-
(liire, N by Norfolk, and fc by the Cer-
ir.un ocean. It ia 58 m leng and 18
broid, containing 1,002,140 acres; is
dividi'd into 21 hundreds, and siopa-
rifhcs ; has 29 markt't-towns; and fends
16 mcndieis to parliament. The num-
ber of inhabitants was 210,431 in 1801,
and 234,211 in 18 11. The foil is of
various qualities, but the country, in
general, is kvel. That near the fliorc
is fandy and full nf heaths, yet abounds
in ryCf peas, turnips, carrots, and hemp^

{MM. yi
1*1(1 .iImi

n \i L

with numerous (^«Kki of 0\rtp. Ctv
pio(l« bed* of j)rtritud fhrlla, called
Ihill-marl, are found In varimia parts
bctwcrn VV > Kihridgr and Orford, and
art iiudfoi iinjixivtiiij litt'it land. MikH
Suffolk, or thr vViMidland*, in thr inUiul
ylrhU good pilluir. on which
md.incf of eatile. Thai part on
thf ciiiifinr* of MIVk and Cimbiidifr.
iliirr aflordu alfo rxerlh'nt p dluret and
to the N and nw it U fnnttul In corn.
Thi- chief pro«lii«-t' i< hu»trr and cherfe |
but Ihr l.iiir li.n the th.ir.»rtrr of th«
word III I'lii^laiid Th*- priiinpd rivers
are ihc Moiir, Wivcny, Little ()u(r,
Lirkr, Driien, Clipping, and Orwrll.
Iltl'wicli IR the principal town ; but the
ani/ei arc held at ilury Kr. F.diiiund.

SiijJ'jH, 4 town of Virginia, chief of
Naniemond county. It it (ituate on
the river Nanfemond, 10 m w by a Nor-
folk.

Suifulmrfei, »>r Sijfi/meJ/ia, a town of
the kingdom of Tafilet, capital of a
didrik't that abounds In corn, dutci,
and other fniitn, and hat mines of iioii,
lead, aiul antimony. It is fi-ati-d on the
'/ig, 14 J m NNR Taftlct. l.on. 5 5 w,
lat 29 40 N.

Suhlii, a town of Ifpper Saxony, in
Ihf county of llriini Ix-ig, with maiuj-
faciuri't of fiiftian, liiun, leather, and
ftecl; fe.ited on th'- Haiti, feven m m
Schlfuliiigeii.

Stihlinf^en, a town of Wrrtphalia, In
the county of ffoya, on a river of its
name, 32 m w by m Nienburg.

Suir, a river of Ireland, which rifes
in 'I'lpprrary. above IIo!y Crofn, flows
by Caliir, Cloiunt-I, and Cairick, to
Watirford. ind meets thr Barrow at
the heail of W iterford haven.

Sulau J (ee V.ulivif.

Stil/i, a town of European Turkey,
in AL.ania, with a caftle; fttuate on
the lide of a ridge of mountains, of the
lame name, 27 m ssw Janina.

Sii//ivan, a town of the diftrift of
Maine, in Hancock county, lituate on
a bay, oppofite .Mount Defert ifland,
12 m NW Ooldfborough.

SiJh/, a town of France, in the de*
partmi-nt of Loirct, (eated on the Loire,
20 m iE Orleans.

Sulinona, a town of Naples, in Ab-
ruzzo Citr.1, and a biftiop's fee, with 11
churches and 12 convents. It is the
birthplace of the poet Ovid, and feated
on tiie Sora, 26 m sw Civlta di Cnieti.
Lon. 14 55 B, lat. 42 o n.

Sultania, or SultanabaJ, a town of Per-
fia, in Irak, with the remains of a magni-
ficent laoiqi^, which contains the tomb

sin

ti futtan ChcHtabrnd
I city, of which coni

i>} li

>;-/.

fl IT M !I(I M

flf Ailtan Cfto<t«lKnd. tt w«t f<irfn<>rtf Ant4 em(\fk of M^liyi, Aohi^nrrc, Btt*

ACttft <*^ which cunli>trr4liU- rtiini Ate l4«, I.4tnpi>»ni| 4iul Krjiiigi: ihf Ultrr

jtt villblei and It U now rrfoumting arr Ukrn a« a AarMlaril of tUfcrlption,

under Itt latter appcllatluii. In 189, with rrfpc^t to th« pcr'un, m4arifri,

thr riiadrl waa cumplclrtl, nrar t<i and ciiUumt nf the Hiinutriini. Thi'y

which i» thr kinK** piraliiri' hoiilr It are rather bvtow thr n))>lttlr ft4ttiri>|

Uff^trd in a rich pUiiii 6<j m w by M thrir bulk in proportion, thrir lunhs

of C^fbln. for the mod part, llightt hut well (hap*

SnltaH/inur, a town of ffindooftjn, In I'd, and particiilatly Imall at the wrirta

ihv province ul' Lahore, 6t m tic Lahurr. 4iid anclei. Th«'ir h^ir it Uroiitt, antl ot'

.Su/Mw/ki'Ti a town of lliitito ill4n, in a Ihininij hhck Tlx* mm air h«*i(rd«

thf province ol° Oiitir, jt in « l-'yzabad,
ami <o N Allahnbiid.

Sulti, a town of Low^r !l.ixony, In
M<ckl«'iiburg, with a I'alt mine, fcatcd
on the Krkcnitz, iH in *■>*, Rollock.

.SW/Ci a town ot France, in thn dr>«
pirtnjent of Upper Rhine, with 4 mcdi-
cin4l Ipring, i] m hiw Colmar.

Sultt a town ot Suxbia, in the duchy
uf Wirtemhurc, wirh tome iult-workt,
fe.ite<ln«j4rth<*Nccl».ir, tim NKothweil.

Siiitti, a ttiwn oi' Ifpp.T S.uony, in
TtiuriiiK*'* with .1 I'jlr mine, (eutcd on
the lime, niMr it* conl^hix with the Saul,
ij m INK Wrimar.

Sulzhiiffi, 4 town and ciltle of the

lri«t great pain* liein^ taken to rtuiler
them To, when boy*, by nibbing their
cliin* with 4 kind of (|ui('klime. Their
complexion iaproprri]^ yrllt)w, winliii^
the red lingr th4t conlhtnte* n copper
or tawny colour ; thofe of the liiperitir
cUI't, who ire not cxpufcd to (he r.iy«
of the lull, and p4rtlculariy thrir women
of rank, approactiinu; to a df^rce ot'
f4irncf« I but the major put of the fe*
malw are ujfly. The rite* of m.irri4>{«
conlill limply in Joining the lund* ot'
the p4rticM, and proiiDtincinK them
nun 4nd wil'c, without mii -h oeremti-
iiy. excepting the (mtert4inmcnt thnt
I* given upon theoccilion. H'lt little

p.itatin.'itc of H:«v.iri4, in 4 iliiehy of it* 4pi>4rent t'liirtlhip precedr* their mar

name I iuatcd in a mouiitainouii cuun
tr/. fertile in hopi, 6 m nw Ambcrg.

Sulzburxt •» 'own of Suibia, in the
marnravate of B.ulciiDurheh, with .1
tint- palace 1 fctted in, a territory fertile
ill ttood wine, 8 m n^v I'riburg.

Sumatra^ nn ill' id in the Indian
ocean, the moft w- Kern of tin- Snncl.i
iflands. It it 950 !>i long, anl from 150
to ioo broad; IV ,»^r,ited fmrn Malacca
by tlie (Irait of that name, and from
Java, by the rtrait of Snnda. The
equator dividcv it inio ainioil ctiu.il
parta; the one extremity htiiiR in 5 33
»r, the other in 5 56 s, lat. find Acliern
Head, the n extremity, is in Ion. 95 34
N. This idand is i'lirpallVd by few in
the beautiful indulgences of nature. A

rijge*. Fheir manner* do not admit
of it; the youn^ people of each fex
being carefully k«pt aluudcr, and the
pirU being feldi)m trn(l«<l from their
mother!!. The opportunities which
the you'ig people havt: of feeing and
convcrling with each other are at the
public fcltivalH, where th'- pcrions who
are unmarried meet together, and dance
and ling in company. A man, when
determined in his choice, generally
employs un old w<)maii n^ his aijcnt,
by whom he fends a prt/jnt to the
female of his choice. The parents
then intcifcrc, and the preliminaries
being fettled, a fealt takes place At
thi'lc felliva!!*, a guat, a buii'ilo, or (eve-
ral, according to the rank of the parties.

chain of mountains run* tlirou^jh its arc killed, to entertain not only the rela-

wholc extent ; the ranges, in many
parts, being double and treble; yet
their altitude it not fufTicii nt to ucca-
fion their being covered with inow dur-
ing ant pirt of the year- Between
thcfe rid^ fs are exteiifive plains, conli-
derably eltvated above the furfare of
the maritiir<- lands- In thefe, the air is
cool; and, tioin this advan'age, they
are efteemed the moft elinihie portion
of the country, are the bcHt inhabited,
and the moll cleared from woods, which
elli^where, in general, cover both hills
and valleys with an eternal ihade- Heie
too are found many lakes and rivers,
that facilitate the communication be-
tween the different parti. The inhabit-

tions and invited guetts. but all the in-
habitant* of the neighbouring country
who choofe to repair to them. The
greater the concourle, the more is the
credit of the hoft, who is generally, on
thefe occalions, the father of the girl.
The cuftoms of the Sumatrans permit
their having as many wives as they can
purchafe, or utfbrd to maintain ; but it ia
extremely rare that an inllance occurs
of their having more th^in one, and thut
only among a few of the chiefs. Thia
continence they owe, in fome meafure
to their poverty. Mothers carry thei
children Itraddliiig on the hip, and ul'u '
ally fupported by a cloth tied in a knot
on tlic oppofite Aioulder. The children

Iv-

it S^

f

11'

SUM

are nurred but litilc; a^-e not confined
by any fwathing ur baiuliiges; and hcmg
lufffTcd to r .11 aliout the Dour, foon
learn to w;ilk and Ihifi tor th«'mit'lvcs :
whfn cr;ullc8 are uicd. they fwirig (iif-
pcndcd from th«' ceiling ot the room.
I'he original natives ar«* pagans ; hut
when the Snmatrans, or Auy ot the na-
tives of the e^ltcrii iflinds, letrn to r»ad
the Araiiic ch uadiT, .did fuhmit to cir-
cur.icifion, tliiy are ln'n\ to become
Malays; the term Malay being ufidcr-
ftood to mean Moollimin. The wild
beaAs of SmnUra are tigers, elephaniii,
rhinocerrife^, bears, and monkeys. The
tig' n provr to the inhabitiiiits, both in
ther journeys and domfftie occupa-
tions, nioft lit ftruiftivi- enemiei' ; yet,
from a rupetflitioiis pnjiidice, it i^ with
difticidiy rhtyan- pcvailcd upon to ufc
metho'H tor ileitroyiig them, .vllig.itors
likewilV occaiinn I lie lols (^f many inha-
bitants, as they bathe in the river, ac-
cording to their re^jiilnr cuftom ; and
yet a flip, rflitioiis idea of their Jan(5lity
alfo prelcrves them from molclbtion.
The other animals are buffalos, a Im ill
kind of horfrH, goats, hog-, dier, bul-
locks, and hogdeei. This lall is an
animal foniewh-ii larger than a rabbit,
the head reftubling that of a h. >,', and
the flianks and fei t like thoie of a deer :
the l>ezoar (tone found on this animal
has been valued at ten times its wi-ight
in gold. Of birds there are a greater
variety than of bealls. Thecoo-ow, or
Siimatran pheafai.t, is a bird of uncom-
mon beauty. Here aie ftorks of a pro-
digious fize, parrots, dunghil fowls,
ducks, the largeft cocks in the world,
woodpigeons, doves, and a great variety
of fmall birds rcmarkablt- for the beauty
of their colours. The reptiles are
lizards, flying lir.ardo, and canielions.
The ifl.md fwarms with infers, and
their varieties are no lefs extraordinary
than their numbers. Rice is the only
grain that grows in the country. Hire
arc fugarcan^s, beans, peas, radilhes,
yams, potatoes, pumpkins, and ieveral
kinds of potherbs unknown to Europe;
and alfo molt of the fruit.s to be met
with in other parts of the E Indies in
the grcateft perfection. Indigo, iallpe-
♦re, fulphur, an'< nic, hrafd wood, two
fpscies of the bread-fruit tree, prpper,
caflla, camphire, benjamin, coffee, and
cotton, are likcwife the produce of this
ifland- Here alfo is the cabbage tree
and filk cotton tree; and the foreils
contain a great variety of valuable fpe-
cies of wood, as ebony, pine, fandal,
eagle, or aloes, teak, manchineel, and
iron wood, and alfo the banyaa tree.

SUN
Bees wax ii a commodity of grrat In^
portance here; and there are likewifc
edible hird nefts. Gold, tin, iron, cop-
per, and lead, are found ni the country;
and the former is as plentiful here as in
any pan of Afia. Sumatra is divided
into many petty kingdoms, the chief of
which are Achecn, huU-aporc, l^ilimhan,
and Jambi. The Engli«!> and Dutch
have fadtoritson this illand ; the priiici.
pal one of thr former being Fort Marl-
borough, at Beiicoolen. See Aclueii-

Siimbult a town of Hindooftan, in a
territory of its iiamr, lying B of Delhi,
fiihjetft to the nabob of Oiuk. It is jj
m wNw Bcreilly, and 75 t Delhi. Lon.
78 53 E. lat. J.8 33 N.

Sumbul/iour, nr Sutnelpour, a town of
Hindouftan, in the province of Orilla,
144 m WNW Cattack, and a8o w Cal-
cutia. Lon. 8^ 40 k, lat. at 25 n.

Sume/it a town of Ali itic Turkey, in
Ndtolia, 14 m K I'etgamo.

Sumnein, a town of Hungary, in tlie
ifland of Schtit, near a branch of the
Danube, 16 m '<>h. Prefburg.

Summei /iioiim, a town of the king,
dom of Birn^ah. The inhabitants arc
folely employed in the manufacture of
f^iltpetre and gunpowder; arid hence all
the r. yal inafra/ines are fupplicd with
gunpowder. It is featc d on the Irra-
waddy, 6H m s by w Ummerapoora.

Sumnum; li?e Sfmnan-

Siinart, Loch, an inlet of the fea, on
the w coaft of Scotland, which extends
ao m fc into the county of Ari^^yle, from
the N end of the found of Mull.

Sunhurt/t a lea port of the fcatc of
Georgia, in Liberty county, with a ^a.
pacious harbour, defended fror.. the fej
by the ifle of St. Catherine. The town
being very healthy, is the refort of the
planters from the ailjac« t country,
during the fickly montns. It was
burnt during the late war, but has been
rebuilt ; and is 30 m sw Savanna. Lon.
81 o w, lat. 31 33 N.

Su7ibury, a town of Ponnfylvania,
chief of Northumberland county, with
two churches. It (lands on the E fide
of the Sufquehana, juft below thejunc*
tion of the e and w branches, no m nw
Philadelphia. Lon 77 o w, lat. 40 48 n.

!<unda IJlandst iflands in the sk part
of the Indian ocean. The chief of them
are Bor.ieo, Sumatra, and Java ; the
two latter leparated by a channel called
the Strait of Sunda.

Sunder bundi, a tra(5t of country in
Hindooftan, confifting of that part of
the delta of the Ganges, m Bengal,
which borders on the fea. In extent it
18 equal to the principality of Wakf-

SI

tt M CnmpMfly eii
iiiidetl with tigers,
l.(byrii)ih ui rive »
winch are f.ilt. exc.'f
diitely cnminmrcat*
anil ot the Ci.<nge«.
tilie* tcjiiai to the v
of B'ligil and its drj
and traiUporitd with
here alio is found an
uf limber for boat -In

^iindfrbiirtf, A to.\
the I II. nd ofAlfcn.
ftati'd on a Ifrait,
Sound, la m ■ Flei
E, lat. 54 5 I N

S'indrrdoo, a forth
port (if Hindooftati. i
by commodore Jarne
m N N w Goa . I .on . 7

Huiiderland, a leap
of Durh.im, ^.-.veinei
a inariiLt on Friday.
tiop of coal, it is nexl
Newcaft!e. Its port
theVVrar, will admit
the fiitraiice dtfendei
a pier on which '\h a
aie Ieveral f'" 'il doc
tiires o> f.'ili, o . , c(i
fii vv^re, and ^ ,rai
llontc, and other artii
of iiiiiabitaiits wa ; i y
n,2K9 in 181 1. It
h.im, and 269 n by
1 : w, lat. 54 5j N.

Sunderland, f towi
in H^nnplhire county
the Connr<5ticut, lo
ii6 WNW Uofton.

Siindi, a province
lies along the river
render it ixtivmely f
mountains are mines
Thi! capital is of the

>7.J5 »■■. lat. 4 50 s-

Siindjhva/d, a leapr
the capital of Medel
trade is in tar, birch
fi<it, iiiid linen. It i
pull of Bothnia, aia
iiiilm. Lon. 17 _<;o h

Sunergoni^, w ISunn
Ilii'doojt.ui, in Bi-iiga'
bcldrc D,4CCH was bui
ain^isutiidiire of fim-
i»i'caU'd bi'fwetn the
a bunch of the Gang(

Sunk IJland, an i
mouth of the Humbe
itparated from Yorkf
"ear 1 m broad. It
WuiKJ, and black rabbi

Sunning, a village in

;)untvy m
part of
Bengal,
extent it.

SUN

Tt IK cnmplotfly enveloped In \f'>of1<i,
ii.ffllt'tl with lij;«r!i, and roinpoicil of a
l.ibyniiih tit rive u and creeU«. »\\ of
winch aref.»lt, ♦•xct-pt thofc that imnie-
iliittly com till 111 catf wiih ihc pnncipHl
arm ot the Giiij^cti. Hire (ilt, m qiian-
tiiien tc|iMl to llic wliole c«)iiliiM)ption
ot B'M)f,"il and its (l#'p''i)d«-nc'»'s. is in^de
.iikI tranlporini with t'(pul iMCilitv ; and
hfieiilfo is found iin incxliaudibk ituie
ut (imhct fo: boat-litiildiii^-

Su'iJi'rbnrif, a t(».\n of DfnTiark, in
tlif lil ind of Alfcn, with a c-hIUc. It is
ftati'd on a (trait, rolled Sunderljiirif
Sound, n m • Flenfljurg. Lon. lo o
E, Ut. 54 5' N

S'indrrdoo. a fortifi 'd ifland and ff-a-

pi)it (it llindooft.iti, inCoiican, rt'diifcd

by commodore J^incn in 1756 It is 36

ni NNW Goa. I. on. 73 20 fc., lat. 16 ^ n..

Sunder/and, a li-aport in llic l)i(hopiic

of Durh.iTj, ^r.Tv'ined by a rjayor, with

ainaiKLt on Fritlay. For the fxporta-

tiop ot coal, it is next in conltqn'.iice to

Newcaftle. Us port, at ttif mouth of

theWfai, will admit veffcU of 40 j tons;

thf entrance dtfcnded by a battery, and

a pier on which is a lighllionfr. Ht*re

aitf I'evtral i'^ 'W dockyards, maniific-

tiireRoi lidi, -.1, ., coopcias. and earth-

ni w.irc, and -< .r.ulc in Inn**, j<rind-

llontH, and other artidcH. '1 he nnmber

(it inli.ibitaiits wa ; i). 411 in iKoi, aud

n.itt^ in 1811. It ib 13 m Nt Dur-

li-im, and 269 n by w London. Lon.

1 : w, lat. 54. 51 N.

SiinJerlant!, »» town of Mnlfichnfets,
in H^mplhir«r county, on the k lide of
the Ci)nnr(5ticiit, lo m N Uadley, and
^6 wNw Uodon.

Suiiiii, a province of Congo, which
lies along the river Zaire- Its rivers
render it txti»'mely fertile, and in thr
inouutains arc mmcs oi k-veral metals.
Tht; capital is of the lame name. Lon.
1755 K, lat. 4 50 «•

Sundjwa/d, a l<aport of Sweden, and
thecapilat of Medelpadia. The chief
tiadc is in tar, birth bark, deals, lu<ps,
fnx, iind linen. It is fcated netr ilie
pull of Bothnia, aia m N l)y w litock-
lidloi. Lon. 17 50 K, lat. 62 a^ n.

Suiiergonfj, ovSunnergaum, a town of
Ili'dooltcin, in Ri-ngal, once a large city
bclon- V>acc\ was built, and fa nous for
H mniiutiKiinre of fine cotton cloth. It
i» luted between the Burr.impooterand
a branch of the Ganges, 15 ni .'•k Dacca.
Sunk IJland, an ifland within the
mouth of the Hnmber, 9 tn in circuit,
leparuted from Yoikfliire by a chan.icl
near % vc. broad. It produces gr^in,
Wudd, and black rabbits.
^unulng^ a village in liciUaure, lituate

sun

on th(? Tliamps, am sv. Rcadinjj. It
w.iH once an epifcopnl fee, and had
nine bifhops in fiiccelfion, the laft of
whom, lleriTiannus, rcinovcd the fee to
S/'ifDury.

Sunnin:; flill. a village in Berkniirj*,
6 ni .ssw Wnidfor. It is noted for its
inedicin.il welN, which are efficacious
in pirdytlc calei.

iaiip.rior, l.ahe, a I ikp of N America,
fu Citlli'd from its Ivinjj the larj^eft on
th.1t ct>ntiiient. It is above 1500 m in
circuit, and fuppofed to be the lar^efh
body of Iredi water on the globe It
contains m;iny illinds ; tw;) of them
I.Ufre, efpecially Ifle lloyale, which is
70 m long and ?o broad. Upward of
30 rivers enter this l;ilte, fome of whicli
are of coididtrubie fize; and its water
i,i more pure and p.-llucid than that of
any othrr lake m tl,c world. It aboundi
wiih filhcs pirticula: ly trout and ftur-
geon. Storms ate more dreadful her*
than on the ocean. It difchnrges its
water fin-n thi* sr corner, thnnigh the
(trait wf St. Mary, into L.ike Huron ;
but the qn intity does not appe ir fo be
one tenth part of what is conveyed iiit(j
it I y the rivets.

Sub'tno, a town of Ntples, in the
couniy of Molilc. with a caft'e; flated
at the fource of the Tamara, 17 m n bf
w Bfueveiito.

Sur, or Sour, a town or Syria, in Pa-
leftine, on the coaft of the -Vlediterra-
iie;in, where Hood the fimous city of
Tyre, delfroyed by Alexander the great.
It is n iw no m.)re than a vilUge, liiu ite
on a peniiifuia wliich projedfa from the
ihore inio the fea, in the form of a mal-
let with an oval head. Tlie p >int to
the N is occupied by a balin, which was
a port evidently formed by art, and the
entrance defrndcd by tvvu towers ; but
it is r.ow f ) chokt d up, that children
pais it without danger. Further on in
the fea, to the n w of the point, is n ridge
of rocks nearly level with the water,
the fp ice between which and the main-
Ian(i in front forms a Ibrt of road, where
vrfTtls may anchor with rather more
I'lfety than at S.iida. 1'he village con-
iills of about lixty families, who live
obfcurely on the produce of their little
grounds, and a tntling tithe^y. It is 18
m .ssw Siida, and 6j sw Dama.'cus.

Sura, a town of Sweden, in Well-
manland, 1 5 in N Stroemlholm.

Huratt a city of Hindooftan, in Guze-
rat, with a ftmng citadel. The liijuarej
are iarge, and the ftrcets fpaciouti, but
not paved, fo that the dull is trouble-
Ibme. Kach ttnet has gates of its own,
with which it is fliut up in times el tur-
3 Y

k

I'm

\^A^

ft

I

SUR

bulcnce. The larger hoiifci are Hat
ryofcil, with courts before them ; and
lliofc of tli<' common people are hij^h
roofeil. Il is laid to h.^.ve 310,000 in-
habitant!) ; and its trade is coiiliderabit;,
iiotvvithftandiiig tin' iiuiil-banks that
obdrnit the entrance of tin- Tapty,
which canfcs lari;c vtirtls to load and
unload at Svvally, 15 m to the W tjf
Surat. Here are many dilTcicnt reli-
gions; Moiiainfdans of li vi rul feclH,
many forts of Gciitoos, ami Jc\v;t and
Clirillian.'* of various dcnoiniiuition!'.
The Mohaaicdaiis at Surat arc not, by
fari fo flriift as they are in Arabia, or in
other Turkilh countries; nor are the
diftindtions of tribes among the Hindoos
who ref;de here ftridtly obterved. Thtfc
Hindoos arc a fet oi induftriuns Ibbor
people, and of a m(»ft furprMing honefty.
They are almoft all of the calt of the
Banians ; and hince their ikill and dex-
terity in -matters of calculation and
economy often raife them lo places of
CDuiidcrable truft. Some of them are
viMy rich, but all livs in a ftyle of mo-
derate fimplicity, wealing for drefs only
a plain rob« of white cotion. All peo-
ple of diftlndion in Surat, and through
the relt of India, fpeak and write the
iVrlian language i but in trade, corrupt
Portugucfe is tlic language uftd- This
city is the emporium of the moft pre-
cious produdlions of Hindoollan ; for
hither arc brought from the interior
parts an immenle quantity of goods,
which the merchants cirry in their (liips
to the Red fea, the Perlian gulf, the
coafts of Malaluv and ("oromandel, and
even to China. The Eriglifh engrofs
almoft the whole of the trade in this
city ; tnat of the Dutch, French, and
Fortuguele having: become trifling. One
thing lingular in Surat is, that, though
there ib no hofpital for human beings,
there is an cxtcniivc eftabiilhment of
this nature for licit or maimed animals.
When the Europeans turn out an old
horfe, or any other domeltic animal to
perifli, as ufelelij, tlie Hindoos volunta-
rily allume the care of it, and place it iu
this houfe, which is full of intirm de-
crepit cows, fheep, rabbits, hens, pi-
geons, &c. The country round Surat
is fertile; except toward the liM, where
it is fandy and barren. Before tiie
Englifh E lndi.> Company obtained pof-
feflion of Bombay, the prelidcncy of
their affairs on the coaft of Malabar was
at Surat ; and ihey had a fatitoi-y here,
aftei* the prelidcncy was transfened to
Bombay. The great mogul had then
an admiral herc> who received a reve-
nue called the tanka j but his tyranny

%V R

toirard thr mercliants induced the E
India Company, in i7.';9> to fit out iin
armament, which dilpullllled the admi.
ral of the callle; and, l()on after, the
poirifTion of this caftle was confirmed
to them by the court of Delhi, and
they were conftiluted receivers of the
tanka, by which their authority in tliiv
place became fuprerne- Surat is lituate
zo m up the river Tapty. and 147 n
Bombay. Lon. 72 4!] fc, lat. 21 mm.

Siirgooja, a town of Hindooftaii, a.
pital ot a circar of the lame name, in
the countiy of Orifla. It is 75 m ni
Ruttuupour, and 210 ssw Patna. Lon.
83 32 E, lat. 2.^ 6 N.

Surgut, a town of Siberia, in the go-
vernment of Tobolfk, liiriouncieil by
palilades, and leated on the Oby, ;h5
m NNE Tobolik. Lou. 73 30 E, I.11.61

30 N.

Surinam, a country of Guayana, ex-
tending 75 m along a riv r of the iiune
name, which enters the Atlantic in lat.
6 6 s, and on its w il.v.re is a fort to de-
fend the entrance. The country aboundi
with game, and fingular animals of dif.
ferent kinds ; the toad, in particular,
being remarkable for its cnoimous fize
and ugly form. It produces fruit, iri-
dic ■», liigar, cotton, tobacco, gums, and
wood for dying. The woods arc full
of monkeys, and it is faid there .ire I'er-
pents 30 feet long. This country wai
ceded by the Knglifh to the Dutch, for
the province of New York, in ifn- It
was taken by the Englilli in i;y9, and
again in 1804. The capital is I'aiirr.a-
ribo.

Suringia, a feaport of Japan, in the
ifland of Niphon, capital of a provinc;
of the fame name, with a caftle, where
1'..; emperors formerly relided. It is
170 m E Meaoo. Lon. 139 5 e, lat. 39

30 N.

Surri/, a cotmty of England, bounded
on the N by Middlefex, e by Kent, shy
Suflcx, and w by Hamplhiie and Berk*
(hire. It is 37 m long and 27 broad,
containinuj 519,040 acres; is dividtd
into 14 hundreds, and 140 pariflics;
has II market-town:-, ineluiliiig Sontli.
wark ; and lends 14 membcvs to par-
liament. The edge of the county on
all lides has r. .--.h foil, extremely fruit-
ful in corn a:.d grals, pa'liculirly on
the N and w toward the 'lliiir.cs; but
in the interior part are vvii!i Uiids of
fandy t;i nmd and barren he.itli, and in
fume places lung ridges of hilli;. It pro*
duces c<''.iu, box-wood, waliu'ts, hopj)
and ♦uilers-eai'lh. The principal riven j
b'fide the Thames (which is the bounf
wary of thia county on the ^) arc the

S ITS
Mol*-, Wey, and Wniulle. The fpring
jdizi's are held at Kingfton, and the
liimmcr at GuildFord or Croydon .ilter-

Surfitf, .1 town of Swifferland, in the
canton of Liicfrn, on the river Siir, near
the l.ikt-" of Scnipach, it m Kw l.ucern.
Siis, or Siifa, ;i kiii^rdom or province
of ill!.' ctnpirc of Morocco ; bounded on
the w by the A'laiiiic, N by Morocco
I proper, b by Tafiiet, and s by Darah.
Iti ,1 Hat country, abounding in corn,
fiii;arc.«iic8, and dates. Theinhahit.uUs,
uh) are chiefly Berebers, or ancitnr na-
t w , art' diltingu idled by their indiiflry ;
a:(' many of them, who live in towns,
bcomc opulent, and are -nuch more
polite than the natives of Fez and Mo-
rocco. In t^le mountainous p:irt they
Lrf entirely free, and are governed by
llhijir own chiefs. Tlie principal town
lijTarudnnt.

Sus, a river of Morocco, which rifes
lid the Atlas, flows through the king-
\im of Sus, and enters the Atlantic jo
Inu St. Cru7. Its annual inundations
|c;iricli tii'J country.

Siifa, oY Sou/at a feaport of Tunis,
lanJ the chi'-f mart of the kinndom for
Iclivcoil and linen. Many articles from
ICairoan are a!fo exported hence. Here
Ijri'maiiy tokens of it having been for-
jmcrly a place of fome repute ; and near
it are coniiderable remains of ancient
[buildings. It ilandi on the e co.ift, 8^
13 by E Tunis. Lon. lo 35 e, lat. 55

Sufa^ a town of Piedmont, with a
faciei, lately llrong but now dll'man-
Jn«d. Here are four parifh churches,
ivcral religious hou/es, and a tiiumphal
Vch to the honout of Augufhis Cefar.
It is (i'ated on the Doriu, at the foot of
jlicAlps, and is the Principal paflago
Jilt of France into Italy. It w,is taken
by the French in 1704, retaken by
prince Eugene in 1707, and again taken
[y the French in 1799. It is 13 m WN w
Turin. Lon. 7 16 R, lat. 45 10 n.

%;W, a town of Ruflia, in the go-
lermnent of Volodirnir, and a billiop's
|fe. It is built of wood, and festec! on
IlieNi'rl, 90 ni ne Mofcow. Lon. 40
|5^, lit. i.G 26 a.

Sufque/tana, a river of the United
I'^lcs, which has its k fource from the
pe Otfego. It cro/Tea three times the
(lie that divides the ftale of New York
[om Pennfylvania, and then receives
""-Tioga at Lockarifburg ; after which

1 flows SE to Wiikefbarre, and then sw

JSuahury, where it meets the w branch
the Sufqiifhana. It afterward re-
vives the Juniata from the w, and then

SUT

flows by Harrifbnr^ to Havre dc Grate,
where it enters the head of Chefapeak
bay. About ac m from its mouth,
which is a mile broad, the navigation is
obdruiflcd by (bme fulls.

Sujjac, a town of France, in the de*
partment of Upper Vienne, 15 m ss
Limoges.

Sii£ex, a county of England, bounded
on tt»c N by Surry, n e and k by Kcnt>
s by the Enplilh chatiud, and w by
Hamplhire. It is 70 m long and 28 where
broadert, containing 9,^5,040 acres; is di-
vided into fiverapes, and 3 1 ,.^ parities, hal
one city and 16 markettovvns, and fends
18 members to purli.iment. The numbed
of inhabitants was 159,311 in iPoi, and
iyo,o8.^ in 181 1. The foil is various:
that of the downs, and thence to the
fea, is fertile in corn and grafs, the lat-
ter feeding flieep whofe wool is remark-
ably line ; the middle abounds with
meadow.5 and rich arable ground ; and
the N fule is fhaded with extenfive
woods, that ufed to fupply fuel for the
irun-works when they were in a Hourilh-
ing Hate. The chief commodities ari
corn, malt, cattle, wool, wood, iron,
chalk, and giafs; and it i,-; famous fur
whcatears, which are taken in great
numbers on the sk ilmns. SufTex is
not diftinguifhcd for any inanufadtnre,
but that of gunpowder at Battel, and
of needles ;it Chichefter. 1 he principal
rivers are the Aruii, Adur, Oule, and
Rother. Chichefter is the capital; but
the fpring aflizes are held at Hurfham,
and the liimmer at L'jwta.

Sujler\ kcTofter.

Stijitren, a town of Franrif, in the de-
partment of Roer, l.Ttely of Germany,
in the duchy ( f Juliers, 2 m from the
river Meufe, and 10 s Ruremonde-

Sutera, a town of Sicily, in Val di
Mazara, 48 m ssf, P.iiermo.

Sutherland/hire, a northern Cinnity of
Scotland, 52 m long and 50 broad;
bounded on the n by the North lea, e
by Caithncfs, and the German cc an, s
by the frith of Dornoch and Rofsfhire,
and w by the Minch. It is divided into
13 parilhes, and fends a member to
parliament- The number of inhabitants
was Z3,ii7 in 1801, and 23,629 in i8ii.
Some parts of this county, called forefta,
are tr^cklefs deferts, deftitute of trees ;
or bk'ak mountains, abounding with
wild roc3. In thefe parts there are few
inhabitants, and no village's ; but along
the frith of Dornoch, the country is
populous and well cultivated. It has
abundance of ironftone, limeftone, and
flate ; alfo many veins of lead ore.
Doi'noch is the county-town.

r '

: A

rim

SWA

5/^rr/, a town of Ifalf, in thr pMtri-
nioiiy of St i'etrr, ft-aii-d on the Fyi*
Tulo, 21 m Nw Home.

Sutton, a town ot MaflTathiirtt^, in
Wnrcclter county, lo in s ly k Wor»
C'ftiT, and 46 wfw Boflon.

button i'oirfieH, acoiporate tounin
Warvvickdiirc, with a market on Mon-
<l iy, ffMied in a Ijarrrn cinfe, 24 in nn^v
'W.<r\M'ck, and 110 nw Lcjndoi.

Suranftr, St- a town ot France, in t'e
d«'p-ntmc'nt of Mayinne, witli a «:«>i.n
drrahk pepper manufa»5lurc, a4 in w
Mans.

Sivajfliam, a town in N'rfollc, willi
a market on Saturday. Tin- churcli is
b indfome, and in tlie,form of 3 c llic-
t'r.d. It is fe.UcJ dn .1 hill, :a m w
Norwich, and qy ua Lotuion.

Swa'r, a rivir in Yoikdiire, which
riCt's on the coiifiiirh ot Wcftmoihitnl,
flows E hy Richinonil and then .«k to it»
iinu'tion wilh ihf Ure, .t httle hclow
Aidhorouph. where their unilrd llreain
forms tlif Oafe

Suvil/y, a town of lliudooftan, in
(Ju/.tTat, with a haibour, where Ihips
nceive and delivi r thvir cnrjjoes tor tlie
n.ercii.ihts ol' Siir.it. It is fcatcd near
tlie gulf t)f Camb'iy, 15 m w Sural.
Lon. 7Z ?.? y, I.Jt. ;i 10 N'.

Swiiin,t/l, a dllij^re in tlie county of
T)uiham, leaicd on the Dirvvt-nt, nc.ir
its jnn»Slion with the I ync, i^ m vvnw
Snt:der!aiid. Here are famous iron-
works, ori^'inaUy eftahlini. d by a black-
fmith, about the ye.ir 1691.

Snvonnijc', a vilhigt; in Dorl'ttniire,
feated on .h bay of the fime n inic, in the
.'inglifli chanin-l, 4 m fcs£ C'.'rlc Caftle.
it haK a tr!''f.' in htrriii."- 'o (j-.tatrice
tf li'ic ltoi.«', ot wiiir. . !), y ihoufatid
t(.. 8 are liiipped annu.;.;/. iite Pur-
k.ck, Jjk of.

Siva>iporoti-h. a town of N Carolina,
rhiel DfOiinow county, to the kb of
Wilmington.

Sioaujcomb. .t viHs^e in Keit, 2 m w
l)y % Ciravcfi iid. IK re are the rcmiinh
of camps iiiid forts ; ;ind it is faid to be
the pLicc wheie the K(.ntiflimen obtain-
ed of William 1 the grant of their an-
citnt franchifei

S'wanjea, a town of M iHl^chiifcts, in
Briltol county, on the rivtr Taunton,
10 ni sw Taunton.

Switftjira. a ii';iport and boroujih of
Wales in Glanunganlbirc, j,'Ovvrrr<l by
a port>.ve, ^uh a niaiket on Widnet-
d '/ and Saturday, an old cafile, and two
chnrciies. Co.il, iron, and litncftone
abonud in tlie nei^'libourhood, of which
feat qr.in i^ies are cxpnritd. It lias a
conlluu. bic tiade to liiifiol, and |reat

S WR
wnrki for the fpi^ltinj; of eo^>pfr tnj
lead ovc i»iat y 'iiip« l.;'.r ' "en built
hcre,a.id it i»rf loi^til to forfc* bathit,„_
The niinit)cr f n *i ' M'.i.na wai ^4:11,"
1801, aiid Hioo ir iflii. I' ill i^.^tf^^
near the mouth of ihe V. wy, 32 m ^^
Brecknock, ^nM *c',. w London. Lon.
^ c6 '" ' >t 31 3; N'.

StMunJhals, a Iowa 01 Sweden, in \f
Gothland, 25 m W6w Lindkoping.

Srwa'iton, a town of V* rmont, 1„
Franklin county, fituatt^ on the .Mifiii.
mu, near its entrance into the n panifl
r..ike Champlain, jo m m by k Bur-
liii>;lon.

Swnrteberf;, a town of Sweden, iti
W tJothland, 18 m N\*' Uddcvalli.

Swartjluyj, a town and fortrtfs ufl
Holland, in Ovir>nil, leated on ihjl
Veclif, 4 m from ita mouth, aiiJ8.i
Zwoll.

SwrJfit, a Itingtiom of Europe, »v|
t' nilin({ I loom from n to s, ami 6.;l
from K to w ; bounded on the .v L.f
Daiiiili Lapland, k by KufTi.i, sbytltl
).Milf of Finland and the B.iltic, jiid wf
by theSound, the C'atejJtai, ,md NorwaJ
It is divided into five y;*'"er,il pjr:
Sweden Prop-'r, Gothland, Nordlaiidl
L.ipland. ai:.; I'inlaiid; and f,uh ofl
thele is lubdik- '\'d into provinces h(.\
den Prcpcr contains Upland, Suderan-I
nia, Ncricia, Weftmania, and D:ilecarj
lia. Gothland contains K GoiliLmd
Smoljnd, W Gothland, Wermchm'J
Uahiis, Dalii, Schoncn, Ilallanii, BIcl;]
iiHicn, ami the iflcs of Gotlilaiul auJ
Ocli^nd. '^'lordland includes CJclliidaJ
Ilellingia, Mcdclpadia, J<.-mptia, AnjirJ
mania, and \V Bothnia. Sweciilli Lap]
L.id coniprir, s Uma, Pitha, Lula, Tw'l
nca, and Kiiai ; ihcfi diflrids have r,q
towns in the interior patts, and UliJ
their nanacs from rivers that rill' neaj
the borders of Norway ar.d [lowiiitJ
the gulf of Bothnia. Finland conLiini
Finland Prope.. E Bothnia, Tavadcl;
Nyland. SaTol.ix, and part of KyniecJ
atid Carelia. ^m' I inlmid- Ttiewh.iil
country is well watered by rivtii
(though not a fi;;gie navigable cn|
woith mentioning) numerous ULeuM
inland pieces fif water, on thebaab
which the palaces and vi'las are iiMl
built. At Stockholm, fpring and :ii|
lumn are fcarcely to bf perceived; i^
winter continues nine months ;»iidlii»
iner dming the remaining ttine.
winter the cold is exceflive, and in I'm
mer the heat is confiderable, tht'airti
ing ft rene all that time. All tlie roc|
are quite covered with flo<^'t.? in t^
fummer time, and the gartlciis lui
plenty of fi uiti. Th« tmca ^;c wrlyf

MiflToming. the foi
pinreous; but the
^ ^ .! ulte \% in
j'lur.uici. The a
beeves, hogs, goati
deer, be.ira, wolve
tnd fquirreU. Th
and feeble ; but a
horfr ia (eldom to t
tribiited. ill a cert.
m.inner of ftabling
boirds without litte
lorti of fowl*; and
cocks, and falcons,
has ricli copper an
vift forefts of timfn
elesof export are b
jfather, iron,copp»'r
pitch, refin, and nu
ciirn, brandy, wine,
tobacco, fugar, f;jict
Swedes are of a r -bu
able to futtain the ha
are more polilhed t
have feveral public Ic
• here the arts and ((
Their honfes ate g
with very little a; t in
a id the roofs, in ma
with turf, on whicli
feed. TheSwtdi'hii
the accedion of Gi
fleftivc monarchy.
Calmar, in 1397, it
the fsinu monarch
Denmark, Swedm,
hence Sweden bt?cam
kinj(dom to Denmar
ofliihjtdion It was rt
Villa, on whom tht
conterred the lo\erei}:
crown hereditary in
waientrufttd wiih g
ami thele were augm^
Adolphus, the ri^iit
exieiuied, at the U
female line. In thq
<fiiUghter Chriltina,
*'re greatly circun
noiilcs acquired ll
iuih.irity, as gave gir
Clergy, citizens, anc
proved a favorable
Cinrlts XI to obtain
formal ccflion of abl
which quietly dcvol
Charles xn. On ihc<
tiie Swedes co^jferrci
Hirica Lieancra, his >
piilpting, jvt the lamr^
■■> '.iv ,..'e.ogative.
^!-own t.i h-r coidbrti
«'■« re.r^jd, the Swi
k^i siiou iimitcd oiJ

#.^

S WE

M iiroming. the foil Ixjinr f; t ind ful-
piiireouD; hut Hie fruili !i<i . not io
^ )i>M a uKo \% in the more fuutiicrii
. .r..ii.j. The amm.iU aie horlVs,
bcrveii, ho^i, goats, Ihei-p, elks, raiii-
dfer, be.irs, wolves, toXf», wil I cat«,
jml fquirtrU. The h»><-rcs aic iini!l
and feeble; but a lame <t foniidend
horfr it ii'Idom to be lecii, which ii hU
tribtited. ill a certain d»'gre«s to the
manner of ftabiing them <»m ptrforated
boirils wirhout litt«T. Hfie are fcveriil
l()rti of fowls; and pariridgts, wood-
cocks, ami falcons, in grr«t plenty It
hajt ricti copper and iron iniitPH, and
»ift forefls of timbt'r tn-rs. 'i'heaiti-
eles of export are boards, f;un',)owdt.r,
Ifather, iron, coppt-r, tallow, fkin», I'alt,
pitch, refin, and niafls; and it imports
ctirn, brandy, wini', linen clo'h, ftiiifs,
tobacco, fugar, f;)icc, and paper. The
S*fde(iare of a r <L)Ult conltitmian, ai d
able to fiiftain the hiirdcil labiiir. Tl cy
are m<ire polilhed than formerly; aid
Inve fcveral public iL'hools a:id colleges,
where the arts and (cienccH are t.iu^tit.
Their honfffs are geiu'rally <»f wood,
with very little a: t in Ihi* conltruition ;
lid the roofs, in many places, covered
with tnrf, on which their poats often
feed. The Swtdi'h jiovrnm* nt, before
the acci'llion of Guil.ivus i, was an
elfiSivc monarchy. Uy the union of
Calmar, i:i 13971 it was (tip'jiattd that
the fsmo monarch (hoiild rule over
Denmark, SwedtH, and Norwny; aad
hence Sweden btjcame a mere tribmary
kin((dom to Denmark. From tnis lUte
of luhjcdion It was rcfcued by Gnllavua
Vafa, oil whom the Swedes, in 15:3,
contirred the lo\ercipnty, ami inadt the
crown hereditary in iiis male iliue. He
waiftitrufttd wiih K'<-^t priTOgatives ;
ami ihelc were au)j;mente-i l»y Gutlavus
Adolphus, the ri^iht <>f fncc ffi.>u bting
fxieiided, at the fame time, to the
female line. In t\w minority of his
daughter ChrilVtna, tlit rejjal powers
* te greatly circnmlcribeo, and the
nobles acquired iLch an exorbitant
auihoiity, as gave great umbrage to the
cifrgy, citizens, and peafaiits. This
proved a favorable opportunity tor
Cinrlts XI to obtain from the Hates a
fo/mal ceffion of abfolute li)ve*rci>;nty,
which quietly dcvojvt'd up' u his ion
Charles X 11. On ihcde.<th of the latter,
tiie Swedes co.iferreil the crown upon
Ulrica Eleaiicra, his youngelt liltcr; iti*
piilMng, j'.t the lamr.* time, great limits
■') ih' i^iCo^ativc. U.rica rilij;ned it.r
'Town t.> Iv f coiifort I'Vcileiic i. From
tl i« Mr'jd, the Swediili monarch was
tMC -aiuu iiinitcd one tu llurope> till

s w r

lyya, xfh n Guftavus iii eiro(H«"d t re-
voluiioii, b> wnich he rcg^^ined the molt
etFeiitial r<jy d prerogatives, wthout,
however, ben g aii abfoiute monarch.
He Wd. .ifjanui^teit > ,79 . leaving hi-
fon C'liltrtV'ii Aduiplius 4 minor, wnu
att.uiied hiri majority in ijijc. Aiiuther
rcvulurioii tool place in iHo^; the king
and his family were dep)fed, ht» iinelc
Charles raifed to the throne, and the
piivemineiit declared to be monarchic*!
and hereditary, with liinitaiu)ii to the
niu'e id'iii', and t)ii failure the diet to
choiife a fiiccefl'ir. i'he ai<ed Charles
XIII hiving IK) iirue. the diet, in 1819,
eleded prince Angultenburg ; but he
died ill 18 1 1, and ttieti tiiey eieiitcd t:ie
French gcucial Bernailotte to Uc cDwn
prince. I he eftabiilhtd religion is the
Lutheran, and ihcy liavc one aichbt-
fti »p, and eleven biihops; but no oihcr
mode of worlliip is pi-ohibited. The
capital is Stockholm.

Hut'di/t fioptr^ one of the five grand
tliviti ins ol Sweden, bounded on the s
by Gothland, w by Norway, n by
NoidlantI, and k by tb-- Baltic lea. It
cornprehcnds live provinces, and St jck-
holm, the capital oi ail Sweden.

Sw:dfJbor'ju.;h, a town of Ni'W JiT-
li'y, in Gioncelter county, 0.1 Rariiwn
crc' k, 3 in iVom its mouth in Delaware
river, and 10 3 by v. PhikuUlphia.

S. vain If, a town of tiie kiijidvJin of
D^rfoor, and a place of g'-nera! retort
for merchjiit* trading to Egy;.4, 45 .a
N I'nbbc.

S-iue.iiiant/, a town of Lithuinia, in
the palatnute of VViliia, ^3 in ne
VVilna.

Siuindin, a town in Wiltihire, with
a market on Mondiy, li-ated ..u a hill,
28 m N Salifbury, and H3 w L.)n,ion.

Swin.-jhcaJ, a tov.'n in Line Inlhire,
with a market on 'i'hutfd<iy, 6 m »
Bu'lon, and no n Lotidon

Swinnn, a luile ill md o'i Sc;)tland,
one tif thi^ Orkneys, (itiiate ni*ar the
middle of the Pentlatui iVith. Hire are
two wiiirlpoids that are dangvrous to
mariners, p irt;cul.irly ii: a calm.

S.yutHtoii, a village m V/ York/hire, 4
rn NNh Rotherham, on ihi* Dearu and
Dove canal, near its entrance 'Uto the
river Don. Here is a conliji rablc pot-
tery, and a 1 irge iro < 101 ire

Swijj'^luud, 01 S.vitzfrland, a Coun-
try ot Europe, ho mdcd O! the N by
Snabia, k by Fyrol, s by Savoy and
Inly, and w l-,y France. It i?^ hq m
long and i.',o bioad, 'eparated from lh«
adjacent countii>8 by high m.nmtams,
called the Alps. ^Jwil^erialld wt-^ divi(i«»d
uiio I j uaatous, ckt^lutavc uf ibeir aUies

/f

I '

ill

, <>•■. '■!!

%j

m^.

\' i-

g^U

f^p:

i'MBJ

^Hb'i

■

!l

K

I.

SWI

and bailiwici; i)an riy, Lnctrn, UrK
Schweitz, Underw.ildrn, Zuk, Friburp,
Soleurc, Zurich, Bern, Bald, ScltafT-
haufen, Glarus, and Appenzel The
firll leven are catholics, the next four
are Calviniftn, and the other two contain
both religionn. SwifTfiland has four

SafTiges over the Alps into Italy ; tho
rft ii beyond the like of Gfneva, over
Mount Cennis, wliich leads to Savoy;
the frcond begins in the country of the
Grifons, crofles Mount St. Bernard, and
leads to the vallty of Aoufta in Pied-
mont ; the third bejzins in the country
of the Grifons, crofTes Mount Simplon,
and leads to the duchy of Milan ; the
fourth crofTes Mount ^t. Gothard, and
the baili wicR of Italy, to the fame duchy.
The principal lakes are thofeofCon-
ftance, Geneva, Lucern, Zurich, and
Neuchatel. The moft conliderable ri-
vers are the Rhine, Rhone, Aar, Arve,
Reufi?, and Limmat. Swiirerland ex-
ceeds every country in the world in
diverfity of appearance : the vail chain
of Alps with cnormouR precipices, ex-
tenfive regions of perpetual fnow, and
glaciers that rtfcmhie leas of ice, are
controlled by the vineyard and culti-
vated field, the richly wooded brow,
and the verdant valley with its cryftal
ftream. Agriculture cannot of courfe
be carried to^reat extent, hut the grain
produced .« ''cicnt for domcUic con-
futnption. i ne chief rich' confift of
excellent paftures, in which many cattle
;ire bred, and the goats and chamois
feed on i\ „ mountains and in the woods.
The men arc all ftrong and robuft, for
which reafon they are preferred by fe-
veral nations for the military fervice.
Thi women are tolerably handfome,
bavc many good qualities, and are in
general very ir.dnftrious- The pealaiits
retain their old manner of drefs, and arc
content to live upon milk, butter, and
chcefe , and there are fome of the moun-
baiiieers who nevtr have any bread. In
JC707, the partizans of France having
arciicd difputes and dillurbances in
SwifKrland, the French entered the
countiy, and, after defeating the troops
and p> fants, who oppoled them, in
fevcraf V^attles, they abolifhed the con-
ftitutions of the principal cantons,
eredtod what was termed the Helvetic
Republic, and vetted the government in
two councils and a diredVory. This
cpoftitution was abolifbed, in iSoa, by
the fiift conful of France, and another
was prefcnted for their acceptance, but
rejected ; and he f ifrred thenj a new
one, if» 1801J, which they confV I itd to
accept. ]^ the new coMAituiiooi ex-

SYL

clufivft of the rcpulilic of Valtis and tlic
territory of Neuchatel, the country ii
divided into 19 cantoni: the fix ikw
ones are Pays de Vaud, Tcfin, Argun,
Grilonx, St. Gall, and Thurgau ; of
which the firfl two arc catholics, and
th« other four contain both cUhnliu
and proteftanti. Each canton has it$
diftiuifl internal government. In fcven
of them, Schweitx, Appenzel, (il.iin,,
Underwalden, Uri, Zug, iind Grifons,
it is of the democratic kind; all tlii>
male inhabitants above tweniy yearn df
age having voices in the an'embly : iln;
government of the other tw»lve is of the
ariftocralic form, being adniinifterrdliy
a great and little council. I'hr geni'm!
government of the country i;. by a ciitr,
compofed of a member from tach < vn.
ton, which nll'tmbles annu-liy ;it i ri-
burg, Bern, Soleure, Bafil, Ziiriih, 01
Lucern, in rotation ; and the prdidint
is ftylcd Lanriamman of Swiflcrkirnl,--
See Schweitz.

Swords, a borough of Irelaiul, in ih ■
county of Dublin. Near the chmcl) i,
one of the molt perfe(5l of the ancient
round towerii, 7.^ feet high. Jt is fituate
near an inlet of the fea, 8 in n by t
Dublin.

Sya, a town of Sweden, in W Goth-
land, 13 m sw Lindkoping.

St/(/nei/, a town of New S Walej,
founded by governor Philip, on .i cove
of Port Jackfon, in jySS.'as a Britilh
fettlement for the colony of convidls
originally intended for Botany bay;
and now is the principal feat of thi^' go-
vemment. Here is a handlbme cliurch,
a citadel, an orphan Ichool, n commo-
dious gaol, a military holpitaUa nav,J
yard, barracks, &c. The l)iii!diiiy;saK'
of Itone, brick, and lath ai.d pLtftrr,
weather-boarded ; and the houlif' an'
durable. It is lituate on the s fule ot tko
harbour of -Port Jackfon, 6 m Irom the
ocean- Lon. 151 z^ e, lat. 33 41* s.

Syene, or ^Ifunn, a town ot Egypt,
with a iraall fort on the right bank of
the Nile. It was anciently a city, and
celebrated for the firft attempt to r.i-
ccrtain the cii cu inference ot tic earth,
by Kratoftcncs, ;i native Of i.'yicne,
about the year 375 before Chriil. The
remains of the ancient town are on an
eminence to the .'=, where cohimn3.iml
pillars of granite katttred here and
there denote its fitualion- Ntar it, on a
Imall iflajid in the Nile, ancientlycalled
, EUphantina, is a temple of Ciuiphs
very little injured. It is 40« m s Cairo,
Lon. ^-5 20 E, lat 24 o N.

^>///, .'Jii illand of Denmark, on tlieff
coaft of / 'land, of aii irrtguiar foiiu>

Lon. I i-. 28 K, lat.

s Y n

;il)OUt .i!.o m in circuit, but in no part
ibove a from the lii. Great (pian-
titics of oyilcrs arc ibiii.d hrrc. The
cliipf town isMorluin. Lim 8 a6 r:, lat.

Si/lvfs, a town of Portiipal, in Al-
jjarva, on a river of the fun*' name, 15
m FNE L.igon, and 44 w T.ivira.

Sum/>/iero/>ol, the capital of Crimea,
or Ruinan provincp of TauriJa. The
houfcH arc built of ftoiir, and roofed,
in tiic ancient Greek iJyIe, with tiles.
There arc likcwifc liandfome buildings
for the rdidcncj; of the governor,
judges and other civil officera. The
old Tartar part of the town, called
Achnietclif't, is dirty and ill built. The
fnvirons are beautiful ; and a m to the
E of the city is the mountain Tchalir-
(lagh, the hiirheft in Crimea, and the
Moms Bcrofus of the ancients. Sym-
pheropol i» fituate on the Salgir, the
principal river of the province, 65 m w
hy B Caffa, and 90 s by e Precop. Lon.
340 H, lat' 44 52 ti.

Sijracufe, a ftroiig feaport of Sicjiy,
in Val di Noto, and a bifliop's Ice, with
an excellent harbour, defended by a
caftle. It was once the metropolis of
all Sicily, but war, tyranny, and earth-
quakes have reduced it to Icff than one
fourth of its former iize, when it was
deemed one of the inoft famous citits in
thu world, and ao m in compafs. It
contains many antiquities, and the tem-
ple of Minerva, ereded 700 years u.c.
is now the cathedral, litre is a coral
filhery, and a powder maniifadturc;
and a trade in iair, nitre, failed tun-
ny, hemp, wine, and oil. Near this
place, in 1718, was a leafight between
the Spaniards and Englifh, in which
the former were beaten- It is leated
near the Tea, 82 m s by w Meflina.
Lon. 13 a8 k, lat. 37 4 n'-

Syria, or SunJlaUi a province of
Turkey \n Afia, bounded on the n by
Natoka and Diarhtck, e by the latter
and the delcrts of Arabia, s by Arabi?-
PetrjEa, and w by the Mediterranean,
Under the general name of Syria was
included the .incicnt Phoinicia, lying s
of Syria Proper. Thisprovince abounds
in oil, corn, and feveral Ibrts of fruit,
as well as peas, beans, and all kinds of
pulfe and gardenltulf; but it would
produce much more if it were well cul-
tivated; for there are the fineft valleys
in the world, between mountains whole
fides are proper for the cultivation of
tobacco, olives, and vines. The inha-
bitants have a trade in filk, camlets,
and fait. Syria waa pofleflTed by a fuc-
Wfljon of foreign nation*) bcs^'ore the

TA B

'■(lie of Ptolemy, when it became «
province of the Roman onipm-. Fivr
centuries alter, when the fons of Thco-
dofuis dividid then immcnfe patrimony,
this countiy w.iH annexed to the em-
pire of Cotilbii:ifiople. In this fitua-
tion it continued till the year 6a», when
the Arabian tril •», under the batmen
of Mohamed, Ian! it waftc. Since that
perind, lorn by llie civil wars of the
Fitcmites .ind Onimiadcs, wiefted from
• he califFs by their rebellious i^overnorp,
t.iken horn them by the Turkmen foU
dicrs, invided by tho Kumpean cru-
fKlcrt, retaken by the mainlukcs of
Egypt, and ravaged by Tamcrl.me and
his I'artars, it fell, at length, into the
hands of the Ottoman Turks, who have
been Us mailers near* three ctMituries.
it is divided into five pachalicc, or go-
vernments; Aleppo, Tripoli, Damas-
cus, Acre, and Paleltine. Aleppo is the
capital.

Syriam, a feaport of Pegu, at the
head of a river of the fame name, op.
pofite the mouth of Pegu river. Two
m to the s i» the great pagoda of Sy-
riam.» It is 8 in e by n F^agoon, and
60s Pegu Lon. 96 17 K, (at. 1650N.

Szadtck, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Siradia, 21 m ne Sir.idiai

Szefred ; li-e Zf^tdin.

Szekeiy, a town of Hungary, 18 m
ESK Debrec7,en.

Szereci ; ii;e Sered.

Szucca, a town of W PriifTia, in the
palatinate of Culm, fealed on the Vif-
tula, li m s by w Culm.

T.

Tiiaif, a tovvn of Arabia, in the pro-
vince of Hedjasv with a conliderabic
trade in fruits, raifins, and almonds, it
is fiiuate on a lofty mountain, 60 m se
Mecca. J.on. 41 35 e, lat. 21 5 w.

Taas, a city of Arabia, in Yemen,
with a foilrefs. Here is the tomb of a
faint, who, accortliuK to tradition, was
king of the country, it (lands at the
fool of a fertile hill, 48 m unh Mocha.
Lon. 44 10 E, lat. 13 45 s.

Taata, a town of Upper Ejcypt. a
mile from the Nile. It is the lelideiice
of a g;)vcrni)r, has many curious re-
mains of antiquity, and is 200 m s Cai-
ro. Lon. 3 r 25 K, lat. 26 56 n.

Tahacoy or TabogH, an illand in the
bay of Panama, 4 m long and 3 broad.
It is woody, and abounds with n-uit-
trees. Lon. 79 24 v.', lat. 8 48 s.

Tabarca, an illand on the ca*ft a?

B".

i^

TAB

nirH«ry, at ihr m<.iith of the 7«inf.
It Wd» fnrtifiid, mijci had a popiiloni
ti'y of tl r lame nain*', whni iiiwlir lie
di>mi>il(in of ttir C*« norfr, W'lin lud <t
Conl tidu-ry lur''. but in I7«7, on
tt)i Ofno*"r all* II piinK t*> tr.iiintcr li.c
ifl.ii>d to Fr.ipcrt th*- 'l\th<«r« .in« (ui-
r«'iidf ird til* ir di y to Tiini* { i«ii<l tin y
»(tre criii'lly d»c»ivi <i by the luy, t-r
litf MZ<d I he tiiitifica'iiin", and look
away ninA «)r tlir iiihH|iii;«nl<t m^ il^v* •.
Jt i» 70 rn MNw Tuiiif. i^i n. H 53 ti,
Lt 37 10 N.

Tabariu \ (ef Tilfritis,
TaljMi, a city of iVifu, in C\\OTi(i*r\,
coiit.iinin^ alxnit xc 000 inhMlt'tantu,
uhobavf A trade wi.h Ifci.it mA Yr/il.
It it (Illicit' near liu* b tio|dt.'t» of llr
pioviiu*-, Hinid n ranyr <if IiiIIh, i 20 m
hi Y. 7.d, and 170 kw H»tar.

Tahafco, a piovince of Ni'W {'pniii,
botindtd on the m by the i.iy of Cam-
pt-achy. P by Jiicrnfdii, s by Chiap.i,
and w hy Giinxaoa Tlu* cliit'f ricias
coiifift in iniiizc, licr, ptppor. and co-
coa nuts ; niid it haH iiiuindaiuf of
c<dars. btafil, and otlu-r lixts o^ wood-
There ia rain every day (or nine months
in the year, which rr.ikcs th«' air vj ry
rnoill; and Ftttruary, Maich, and Apiili
aic excc«'dingly hi^t-

Tal/ufco, a town <if New Spain, capi-
tal of the province of Tii^afco. The
Spaniards call it Nin Itra S< nora de la
Vittoria, from a pnat Nic'toiy oLiaiiiPd
lere by Cortts. on Jiih full arriv il |t is
filiiaie on un ifl.md of die lan^c pane
(30 m lonji and 10 broad)font ed by the
rivtr 'I'aljafco, that of St. I'tlcr and
Paul, and the bay of Campeachy, 770 m
KK Chiipa. Lon. (53 3^' w, lat. 1834 n.

Tabafftrcn, a town of Dnphtflan, llic
eapital of a diftri(5l, and thf* centre of
the trkde earrmi oii h<tw«»'n D.iphrftan
und I'tilia. It ib fiiuatf on tie Ciir^eri,
>o ni ssw Derbiiid, and 90 N nw Scha-
machi.

'J'nhtri^, a town of Swede n, in Sino-
lard, noted fi.r rich inintb of iron, 10 in
« Jorkoping.

Tahle Ijiord, one of the New We-
biide», in the'racific ocean. Lon. 167
J t, lit. 15 38 s.

'J'aboo- a town of Caffina, the cipital
of a country lying tf» the t of i'^ahara.
It is 180 m N by w Agadis. l-on. la
10 F, lat- 24 o N.

Ttd«r, a town of lioherr^ia, in the
eirclf of Hr-chin, which the HrflTiies,
n dtr their ctflcbrnied general 7Ji"oa,
for;ifit'«l aid nmdf their principal rc-
treit. If is feated on a mountain of
Die fame name, by tht rivctLiifchnitz,

JI ID NNE liLchio.

TAC

Tuhrixt or Tiiuri*, 4 tityof Pfifii,
capital of Atltibij.in. The iivii„i
Sp'n|<rch4 DoiA* thuntgh it, aiul ih^.
rivt-r Aj(i p He* on tin- nw iKlc <.f tfnj
city, III iti conrfc to the I do- Ur in.i.
'l'i«bri/ \% n.i more ii<r majinifictin cit/
dtTiMbrd by Chaidin , «'.l ill In-;
biiil«lin>;s h.iviiin Ihtii diAto'/id l,^
e..itl.(jual(ii. ill 1724, it UM» ii'iiibly
(liakni by oiif, ami iicaily ioc,oco pvi.
f n" perilhcd. Soon aft' r ll iti the Tiirki
laid til KC tu it, and tie y were khtn^
itw, y vMih yitit lofti , bill i!)< y toult k
the next ye.ir afur a bloody coiitclt.
Other caillqn.<kcH tiave iuci\rilci|}
und by tlulc calaniitivi, it was rtdi.'ccil
to nn ii!(ipiilic.int pLur. Hut uLouc
the yc.ir i8>.4, prince Abb.<H Muz , il.^
hnr appiieiit of the crown, was ,ij,.
pcir ltd iw dn'govttninvnt of Adiiliij,i!i,
»iid made Tabii/ h\i capital. Smuc
that time, the wal's (3 in in cireuii;
lave been itpaired ami bcautifiul, 4
new citadel made, and many new hiiKl.
inpi eredcd. Ik re aie it public
baths, Ibnie of which arc hanili nif,
and A ba'/.ar that exicnun the kngtli
cf the city ; but there aie nu inolquu
of a' y paiiieulir tr.ciit, exeipt tic
li»it;e luiii of one dillruyi d by an earl U
quake about the year 177U. The lubabit"
ani.s have a tridc in cotton, clodi, ai;J
lilka. The niaibic of Tabriz, faaimn
throiigiiout the kingdom, is not puj.
curid near the ci'y, but found in Lirpc
(piai.tiilt 6 on the k btntlers of tl'.v'l.ikc
Uimia. Till' town ib lurroiindttl hy
garilei:si, in which are nnnuToiis fmii-
tues; and on every Iheum in the vi-
cinity are plan'»d tlioufands of pip.
lar», of which all the timbf r-woil; ,)f
tlie houk's is conllrut'tcii. It llainlsin
a lertile plain, near ihc loot of a mmiii.
tain, J90 m nw Ttluruii. l.cn. 46j;k,

lat. .:(8 10 N.

Tucomei^ or Atuctiinfs, a feipoit if
IVni, capital of a inrildidion of [\\i
l;:nie luine, in the andience of Qwto.
It is fitn.itc on a bay of the P.icific
ocean, to which it pives name, i;o ui
NW (2iiil<». Lon. 79 30 w, hit. 0 51 n,

Tacazze, a river that rifcs in Abyl-
finia, flows NW into Nubia, and jiiiu
the Nileat Il.ik.

Tachciu, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Piiren,uu the river Mies, jBiu
w Pi lien.

lacioiga, a town of the kingdom of
Quito, ca) ital of a province of ihef^me
name, lich in corn and cattle Tin?
llreets are wide, and llic houlc all of
pnmict-lU)'e, arched and ha; dfonic,
but low. It is ftaUd in a valUy, 'em
k by w Qnito.

TAG T A 1

T,iiltaji»n I t»»vvii ill W Yoiklliire, T.ig.'hfoz-iOt a i(.«¥ii of Naplri. iit

Willi •» in^rktl on Tliiirfilay. MutU Al»ru/./o Ultra, ig m »w A«iuil.i, ami

lirn'^toMc ii (lu^ ill tlic nci^tibouilittuJ. 3^4 kNK K imi!

it ll.imli on tin- rivt-r Wturf, 9 111 »w
Vti''., .mil 13/ .^ by ;v Loiiclon.

'LJiiuHt <"■ Tuiluufi, a luwn of Ptr-
n,i, ill t'.i;lin <n, i'lUMic III a Truiiiul \J-

Iry, '10 m •» StiiiM*.

7 '//./»// 9;-} He I'ulmyra

_ 'I'nj^luiinnto, a river of Itdy, which
rili'i in llic Alp», itu the I'roiitl'ri of
(Icrni.ujy, and run* » thmiij^h I'riull
and 'rrtvil'.ino, into llie guH ui' V"nicc.
'I'li^onjl, «,r 'J'niffivujl. » town uf tlif
khigiiom ol Stis, by luine i'.inJ tu br the
'I'fiJoiiji'c, a town ur Lower ('anni!,i, birthplace of St. A'l.miftin. A great
wifh a harbour for Iht- l.ir^clt v«.lRU, nj.tny Jcwi livi.- hcic,'who carry on a
miJ a fort on m in.iccidiblc rock. It confuUraljle tiaJc It is fiattil In 4
ix i)f great rcfwrl for Irnding with the f.rtilc p'iin, .^7 m s Tariul.int.
Imi;,iii». v\lio bring hillur furs to ex. Ttiicn/iuJcrt, a town of tlitr kingdotn
cli.mg»' for clotti .»n(l other Euri-pwan of Danh, with a llrong caftlf on a
good*. I» ft null, on thf S.i;jvuMi,iy, at mininfam, fc.itcd un the rivtr Darah, «•
iij jinK'Hoii with llic .St I.iwrrncc. 1J5 in s 'I'.itt.ih.

ui NE (^rbt'c. Lon. 61^ 16 v\ , lal. Tahooro-v.'i, one of tht? fm.ilitd of
48 i N. the S.inilwicli iiluuli*, 'ying olf the «w

7V(/;<//u, .itownof Sp.iin.in N.ivarre, put of Miwcc, from which it is 9 m
wiih ii niiiv.'rflty < '|i.„li-s 11, king of difl.irt. It is ilfditntc "f wooil, and the
N^virrf, bnit .1 palace here, w-iIlIi Ijc foil I'ccms to bt- f.uuly .niU b.iricn. I.on.
in;iJe his oidin.uy ri rulfticc ; jml I'hi- ly'j 15 w, lat. 2033 N.
ii;) IV h.,nournl the town vv;'li the 7<//, a lake of China, iyin^ in the pro.
ii.If oftity II ir. kitul on tlic C'id.y- viiicts of Kian^ nan anil Tche-kuiig.
/(), in a couniiy ['loiliicitig good winr, It is 1 v' m iu circuit, and 75 to the ku
jfi ni s P.inipluii.i. Lun. i j6 w. l.ii. of Nanking.

4: :i> N. Taii-f, a town of .^rabiaDc^crta. with

T<i/J\ or Tii'f, a rivrr of Wales a cnllle on a mountain, 60 ni sb Mcco.
wlicii rilis in Ibirknoclilhirir,aiul ll^w^ TkUI. bating, a town of France, in the
th ou's'h OI,i'i.(Hi, mlhirc, by .Mtrthyr i!tpirtn.c'ni of Lower CiMrcnte, on the
'J'ii.iiyl, L.indanr, and Cndill", inlu iU^ river C'h:irei.tf, 0 in N S*intcs, and ^9
lii ilol chinnt-l. St Rocliclle.

'J''i,.Ul, or l\:f:ltlt, a Lin^ lotn of V,\y- 'J'uiii, a boronjih of Scotland, capital
bary, on tho fc. lidc of iNionnl Ailaa ; of Rofslhire. Here is a large (iiuare
boiiiuitd on ihr s by Algior?, fc by llu* t 'w<r, adorned with five fpire», and an
Uiiihcr..^, Ii by Z.iii.ir.i, and w by IJu.ih tlr^j.int chnrch, farmrrly collegiate.
;iiid Morocco. It is a inouuiainous 'J'he manuMCturcs are tlie fpinning of
f.i'.it'y country, but pri'duci.s wht ut and ll.ix and tliv tanning of bather. The
h.irky by tlit liJc» of the rivers, Ttie nnnihf^r of inhabitant!* was 1277 in i3of,
iiih.ibilaiits live upon cair.cl'b llcOi and and 23H4 'n i3ii It is leated near th«
tlitcp, .ind th' y br<cd horfes lo fell to fiidi c' Dornoch, 10 m N Cromarty.
forrijiiiLis. '1 he Arabs live in tents, I.on. ij ^i w, hit. 57 46 .v.
and :lie Beriljcrr!., ihc ancient inhabit- Tnjo, cv Tii^tu, a river that hns its
aiii<!, dwell in viil.igt'S. foinee on th*.* confines tf Aragfin, in

7'i.j///f^ capital of the kingdom of the bpiin, run" throngh New C dtilc, by
{iiinc name, with a c.illle. it is a tra- Aranjni z, Toledo, and 'ralaverijcroflli
ilits;,' p!,ice, atid Iciited on a river of its KHreaiadnia, by Alcaitara, into Por-
n;inie, 27/j ni bE Morocco. Lon. 4 ;o tngal, whevr it Hows by Abrantm and
w. lat .yj 40 N. Saiitar< m, tVrms the haibonr of Lilbon,

Tai^d't'ox, a .'eaport and fort of Unfila, and enters the Atlantic ocean,
fituaie on a promontory at the nw ex- 7\ii oiuin, a city ;\nii liiport, capital
trcmiiy of the ii'.i of .Albp'i. It is the of thi illmd of Tormola. The ftrcets arc
l.irj^ell and belt pu:t on tliis lea j re- nearly (tru'ghf, and' from 30 to 40 feet
CfiV'> the produce of RijIu i by water broad, and ibmc of them abovi' a m
from Rift ot ; carries (ui ;i ci)nlu!cratlc long: they are covered ft vcn months in
tr;it!c with CK)nfbintinop'e and the Ar- the year with awtiin^'S to defend them
cliipi! if;o, pavtieul.iily iii com atid but- from the heat of the fun. The harbour i»
ter ; iiiid is employed in fliip-buikling. flielttred from every wind. It is leateil
The Calmucs have large kit lements in on the w tide of the illand. Lon. 120
its vicinity. It is 36 m w by N Ualtuf. 30 t, lat. ■23 :j n.
Lnn. 4: 6 f , lat. 47 10 N . 'Jni-;irr^^, a city of China, of the fiift

'l\^li»ton, a borough of Ireland, in ran!:, in tl;e province oi" Kiang nan. It
Ihtcouiiiy ul'\Vu\luid;7 m w V/tAfoid. is fr-tcd on the Kian-ku, 25 tw ssw

%

It

T A L

I>nn. 119

15 ■» Int. s«

'I

'lVi-phtf(, .1 cify of China, of the ftrft
nnk.ia tin- province nfQuip^'.fl. It \%
{^A^■t\ (Ml a poitit of l.kiid, .itit\()lt fin
loMoJid by 11 river, j,fin m w by » Caii-
tOri. Lou. 1070 •■. Ii''t. 2&»^6n.

Till t( him. a tity of China, of the
flrflr.'nk, in tli»'jjr>>viii«'« of 'IV>iC'ki.iiijr>
Tt is i-.itdl on lU I) ink of .1 rivrr, in a
m(>iin».uiion.H comary, 720 m Mr, Pt-
kifiir. I.ou. iji : .1.1. 1855 w.

Ttii-tnti;(, ,1 ItroiiK ci»y of Chin*, of
the fitH liinl:, in tlii' province ot*Ch;in-
n. It lit li.ttni nc w liir gn'mt will, in a
mountain, iiiH country, 1 S5 m w PcLing.
Lon- 11^ o H, lat. 40 5 n.

Ttiiyiun% n city of China, capital of
1I1C province ol Cltaii-n. ft \h 9 nt in
rii'ciiit, but nnu h decayed llnco it wax
the rtfiJcnci' tif" (he piincos of the l;«(l
impt'ri.nl family of Tai-ming-tchao It
is 2J0 in sw i'cking. Lun. 11 1 56 t,
lat. \7 54 w.

Talocnduy a town of llindooftan, in
My fore,' on the v bank of the C'avery.
It lia,< a celebrated ttmpU", imd the
tops of (omc others are to hr leen be-
tween the town and the river, which
for inany years have been overwhelmed
by fand-hilli. It i« .24 m 1 sB Myforr.

Talnvtroy a town of Spain, in New
Cafll'o, with a fort, manufa«Jturcs of
nik, and a pottery. It is (eatcd on the
Tajo, in a valley abounding in com,
fruit, and excellent wim, 5« rn sw Ma-
drid. I.oti. 4 I w, lat. J9 41 N.

Talai<eruflQ, a town of Spain, in
J'lftremadiira, Hated on the Guadiana,
14 m E Had.ijoz.

Tiilcot the capital of the province of
Maule, in Chili, with a fort. It is very
populous, owinu to the numerous pold
mines in the vicinity, and the abund-
ance of provifions. It (lands .imong
hills, on the river Maule, 140 m s by w
St. Jago. Lon. 71 I w, lat 35 13 .'f

Talcn^uftnay a feaport of Chili, on
the SK (hore of the bay of Conception,
and near the vuir-.s of the old city of
Conception. It ib now the only Spanifli
fctilement in the bay, and 9 rrv from the
new city of Conception. Lon. 7a 30 w,
lat. i^ 4a s.

Tu-liy a city of China, of the firft
rank, in the province of Yun-nan. Here
are made curious tables and ornaments
of fine marble, which is naturally beau-
tified with different colours, reprefent-
ing mountains, flowers, tree8,and rivers.
It is ]6om wNw Yun-nan. Lon. 1006
E, lat. 44 54 N-

Tallaght or Talloivt a borough of Ire-
land, in the county of Waterford, but

T A M

In juririfirtlon ii jjone Info dTufc, and
the calilr U in ruMi<. If i* felled (i>',h
the river Brirfc, A tn «"iw Lifmorc, and
aft n»r C«»rk.

'I'ti/loHf), .1 feapoit «)f Corflra, on \ht
gulf uf Taiiario, 14 m knw Honiheio,
.ind .^o S)»w Coitc. l.on. y 18 k, \.\i
51 to M.

TnlltiJ, .1 town cF FratK ■ . in flip
il'p.irtnunt of Upi •( A!p«, kalfd on
the Duiaitcc, JO m •> ''Lip.

Talmotit, a town of Francei in t^^'
department li!' I.owrr l.harentc, wiih 1
harbour near the mouth of iheOiromlt,
so ni f*w Saintei.

'I'utttalantfcn, a town of T' , .irirm.%
in the government of at- Ma th.t, f-atid
on thi M.id.dena, 140 m x St. MaitiM,
Lon. ;4 15 w, lat. 9 6 n.

Taman, a town of Uulli 1, In the pro.
vince of t'au'-afi.t, with a larff fort, dm
the s !^de '.fa b.>y of the Hlack (ea, .tiid
on the fitc of «he city of Phnnagori,ol
which fomc extcnfive ruiuH yet retrain
The town Uands a mile w of ihc fd ',
ne.ir the entrance of the bay, from ln<
(trait that leads into the f<"a of ACopli,
.Old 10 m » by V. Ycnikale, in Crimea.
Lon. ^f) 34 f, lat. 45 ^ N.

'J'anmHt Strait of, the ancient Cim.
merian Hofphorua, a channel that forms
the communication between the Bl.ick
lira and the fea ot Afoph, imd a ftpau-
tion between Kurope and Alia. The
Bay ot Taman extendi k from the Strait.
Tanianaht a town of Hindoodan, in
Concan, at the mouth of a river, 24 m
8 by K Oheriah.

iamr.rt a river that riles in the n part
of Cornwall, on the borders (of Devon-
fliire, takes a foulheiiy courfe, li-p.ira-
ting the two coiuilic.'i, and forms the
harbotu" of Hamoaze, at Plymouth.

Trtmarn, the capital of the illand of
Socot«'ra, with a good harbour. Tlif
trade confirts chiiHy in aloes, (Vinkin-
cenfe, ambergrile, and dragonfblood.
It is feated on a bay, on the m coail^.
Lon. 53 45 B, lat. n 56 N.

Tamarachery, a town of Hindooll^n,
in Malabar, 17 m ne Calicut.

Tamarica, a province of Bralil, be-
tween Paraibo on the n, and Ftrnam-
I'uco on the s. On the coaft it isotiiyv
, 2 m in extent, but .above j 20 in the in-
terior of the country. A rich iflandof
the fame name, 10 m long avid 2 broad,
lies near the continent, and forms the
principal part of the government- It
contains the capital, filuate on an emi-
nence, which has two forts and a good
harbour. Lon. 35 6 w, lat: 8 o «.

Tamatavef a port on the e coaft of
Madngafcar, defended by a fort. It 'n

if C'nrflrii, on {ht

1 SNW Hoilif.li-io,

N, and Ftrnam-

TAN

Ihr principal h.irhour in tlit inuwl vlHt-
fij by the Kiirtipcuni. In iKii,b<iiig
ihrn III ponViriDii of the I'rrnih, thrrt
Brttifh (hip* touk the fort and nil the
vr(T)'l« In the harbour. I.on 49 41 K,
Ut. iS f I-

Tamhoft .1 town <»f Rutlla, capit.il of
a govcrnmnu of tlir fnmr njmc, and a
billii'p'* fee. It U teateil on ll>c T/n.i,
which Howl Into the Mokfchj. atU
f\\ IK Mulcow. Lun 41 4 K, lat. 5}

4« N.

Tnmtt a river that rllcB in StiHord*
ihirv, and rntfring Warwicklhire, Hiiwa
firA K.and thin n, till it re-ent«.ri itt
nativj' county at Tamworth, Ijclow
which it juina the Trent, 7 m aljuvc
UiMton.

'l\tmt% a river and town \ (fv 'I'ltamt.

Tamiai^uii, a town of New Sp.iin, in
die province of Paniico, fituat'- on ii
n«ck of i.ind, between the j^iilf of Mtx-
ico niul an arm of the fk-i| called thi.' lake
of Taraiagvn, 100 m ^ k Panuco.

'iamit/i, a tfjwii of llj.'ypt. on a c.iiial
that commiiiiicatea with the Nile, \x m
MK Favouno.

Taiv/'i'-o, a town of New Spain, In
the province of Panuco, fituatc ncirthe
gulf of Moxioo, on a neck of land (orm-
cd by the It-a and the lake of Tanii igua,
30 no t by 8 Panuco.

Tamivortli, a borough in Stafford-
ftiire, with a market on Saturday, and
a manufadurc of narrow cl«»thii. The r.
part cl the »owfi is in Warwickfliire.

Tamworth eaftic is the foat of the earl
of Lficefter It is ll-ated on the Tame,
attlir itiriiix ot'tlif Anker, 8 m sk UcU-
fiiKl, and 115 nw London.

Tun,-iro,A ii cr that liles inPicdmontt
flows by ChrriiieOjAlba, Afti, ,md Alex-
andria, and joins the Po, b« Id.v Valen-
7.<\. It gives nanu- to a new department
of Fiance, including p.ii t of I'ieilmoi.t,
of which the chi< ttown is Alti.

Tancos, a town of Portugal, in Eilre-
madura, Icatcd on the Zerara, near its
cr.nflux with the Tajo, iz m «sk
Tomar.

Tancroival, a town of Africa, (eatcd
on the G;imbia, where the Engldh i.ivu
a fort. Lon. u S/ w,l.it. 13 10 n.

'I'anda, or 'I'tinralu •"» town of Hln-
dooftan, in Bengal, of which fiHibaii it
was the c.ipiial in the lytli century.
There is liltic lemainini; of it but the
rampart i and the period when it was
tlefeited is nut certainly known. It is
leatedonthe Ganges, 1 :o m nw Dacca,
lion. 87 56 K, lat. 33 25 N.

Tanderagee, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Armagh, with an extrnlivc
linen manufadlure and a conlidcrable

T AO

tr.idi*. It (I iniN n««f thi* Newry canal,
II m ii!<»: Armagh, And 13 un\w

Newry.

Tiintf/lit<wH, % town of Nfjiryland, In
Fredrri'c county, 17 m K by k ruderic-
town.

'i'unftrmundi , a town of Hr'irdtnliiirg,
in the Old mark, « ith a caftli-, f> ated
ut the c(Mi(liix 111 the Tanger with the
I'^lbe. 14 Ml w.'iw Hi:'ndi'nb"ig

TiififfiiT, a lt*.»p<iri <if till' kiii^;(I<im «if
Fry., witli a call If, iiid fiirrouiidcd by ii
w ill. The trade « nnfilt* principally In
liipplying the opinillic co.iOi with pro*
viliiiiii, which »\r ph-niiful and the.tp.
It 1;* the refub nic ut thr fotiCuIrt of thr
powiriin ain'ty with ihi- emperor, and
their houfiH art cniiftruitcil in the I'.U"
topi-an Hyl.. The habitalionx of tho
Moois arc nral } flic air is l.tiiilirioiiii,
and the watt r I'xcfllriit. Tangier wn^
laki'u by the P«ittii;'tii ff, In 1471 ; and
givin as u dower tn priiieefs Ci'tu liiic,
on her ir.arrl.ige wi.li Charles 11 nl ling-
land j but he did not think it worth the
expeiife of kcepin^', .iiid, in ibJ{.<, cauf-
ed the works to br Mown up. It it
fcati'd t>n the fli.iit of Gibraltar, 140
ni N by w Fez. I.on. $ 48 w, lat,

35 46 N.

'J'dnjore, a province of Ilindoonan,
on tlie(Miift of C)romandel, 9^ m long
and <;n brimd. It in ;iii append.ige of
ihe Carnatic, but l\ibji(5t to i's own
r.ijah, whop.iv** an amui il fiildidy to the
Englirti V, liidi 1 C'iin;iany.

lanjort, a city of lliniiooftan, capital
of a province of the fame name. The
palace is a granl fqu'iv, lurroiindc.l by
a wall and a w( t diuli. It is ftaifd on
a br;ineli of the Cavery, i_i;6 m •■ by \v
Madras, md i6.'>si. Serinpapatain Lon.
79 1 J K, lat- 10 46 N.

'Ju/iiia, attuvii ;ind fortrtfs of Tibet,
at the foot of .1 mi uiilain, 275 m w.sw
Lad i. LiMi. 87 :z K, lat. 29 ■•, n.

Tuuna, a fertile illand in the Pacific
ocean, one of thr New Hebrides, on
wliichisa volc,'.iu)a;id l'>mehot I'prings.
The inhabitants are br.tve and hofpita-
l)!c ; and their arms are btiws and ar-
rows, flings, (pear.^, and clubs. It is u
m long and 10 broad ; and was dif-
covercd, in 1774, by Cook, who named

the harbour where he hy, Port Refolu-
tion, from the nam* of his fliip. Lon.
160 41 K, Kit. 19 32 s.

J'aunat a town of Hindooftan, in the
ide of Saifetie, on the K coiift, 1 r, n ne
Uombay. Lon. 72 5^ u, lat. 19 13 N.

Tanore, a feaport of Ilindooftan, In
tie proviiut of Malabar, iH m ssr Ca-
licut. Lon. 75 50 K, lat. 10 55 N.

JVwo, the moftfuut hern of the Friend-

•I

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Sciences
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23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO

(716) 872-4503

Si

%

TAR •

ly iflandii in the I'acific ocraa, about
10 leagues in circuit.

'J'aormhia, d town on the B coaft of
Sicily, III Val di Dcm >iia, and on p.irt
of the fite 1 1 LJie an ii'tu i'auromcnium,
of which ionw. coilidcrable riiiii» ytt
remain. It it a (liiMig inihtary pufitiun,
t';jaic'd (in an cii>iueiict.- at the io>l of a
high rock, and at th .- iicad ul a loc'iy
l)iy, 3J rn s»w AJefliri^. L >n. 15 .^4 t,
Jat. .374yN.

Taos, a town of New Mexico, on a
viv^r that euiciH the Rio del Nurte, tto
m N St. Fe.

Tameiave, a town on the s coad of
Madagai'cai, and a Frtnch icttltPtcnt.
It iurrendcred to the En^liili 10 liiii.
Lon 49 40 kf lat. 1^59.

Tajuka, A rmali iCaiul in the Ppcific
oce ai, 6j i< a^uti n b oi Ouihettc* Luu.
14? 9 ^'1 l<it> i'^ 30 t).

t.'aJ>vor, a town of Hindooftan, in
My lore, 15 m a.-.w Daiampjury, and
83 bSB Seriiigapat.im.

Tappchan toe, a town of Virginia,
•hiet ut i!,n't.-x county It h.is fume ex-
pnrt tradi , and ftandb in a rich plain,
on the sw bank uf the Uappahannuc, 54
m NE Richmond. Lon. 77 i»w, lat.
38 o N.

fappan, a town of New York, in
Otai ge county, 3 m from the v\ b.ink
of the lliuliun, and at the s end of
the t)road pa it of 11 called the Tup pan
r«.'a. Ilert, in i7Ao» major Andre was
tried and lufTered as a /py ; being taken
on his way to New Yoik, after con-
certing a pian with general Arnold ft>r
deliviring up Weft Point to the tiriiilh.
It i« 2 j in N New York.

'iappanotly, a ieaporf on the w fide
nf Sumatra, (ituate on a fnnali ifl^ind
called Punchongcachec'l. Tne hay is
very deep, and capah -' >f containing
the united navies ut ^luropc. The Eng-
liih £ Indi a company have a factory
here. It was tukeu by the French, but
rL'ftored at the ptace la 1763. Lon. 98
6 E, lat. 1 40 N.

^ Tapty, .1 liver of Kindooftkn, which
rifei ai Alaltoy, in the country oi" Berar,
and runs inlo the gulr of Catiibay, 20
m below Surat. At its mouih, 8 m »»
ofSwally, is Vaux Tomb, a tower 3 j
feet high, erciited over the grave of an
Englilh captain of tliac n.irr.c. It krves
as a beacon to velfcls making tl»e road
of Surat.

Tar, or Pamlico, a river of N Caro-
lina, which flows by Louifljurg, Tar-
borough, Greenville, and W.tlhington,
into Pamlico I'ouud, 40 m sn of the lat-
ter town.

TuragalUt ^ town ftf the kiagdom of

TAR
Darah, with a caftiti, feated on the Di'
lah, 133 ra w by ■ 'i'ablct. Lon. 7 j;
w, lat. 1^ 25 M.

'J artincou, a town of Spain, in New
CadiA-, 40 m bb Mattrid.

Taranfa, one of the Wcftern iflandi
of Scotland, 4 m in leigth, and t
where broadtft. Lon. ii 5s w, kt.

Tarare, a town of France, in t he de-
partment of llhone, at the foot uf a
m< iiiitam, ao m www Lynn.

Tarajcon, a town of France, in the
dtpaittnent of Moiiilit of the Rhone,
with a calt'e, featt d on Itie Khoue, op-
puiiic beaucaiie, with which it com.
municatcti by a brid((e of boato. It has
a trade in oil, brandy, flarch, and lilk
ftufis. It ia 10 m n Aries, and 14 s by
> Nifmcs.

Turajcon, a town of France, in the
dtpatiii.ent oC Arriege, on the river
ArrKge, 7 m ^ak Foix.

'J'aiaz, a city of Weftcrn Tartary,
capit.'.l of Turki'ftan. It is feated on a
rivtr, which Bows into the Sirr, 3jom
N by E Samarcand. Lon. 66 30 t, lat.
44 20 N.

Turay^na, a city of Spain, in Arap:on,
an<l a biihop'b lee. It is fe.ard partly
on a rock., and partly in a feinle pbiii,
60 m wNw Saragoifa, and 180 Nii Ma-
drid Lon. I 36 w, lat. 4a a N.

Tarazofia, a town of Spain, in Man-
chn, 4K m ME Aicarcz, and 54 s Cutnza.

Turbat, a village of Scotland, in RolT-
(hire, 10 m ene Tain. It ftands on the
N fide of a ptninfuia, which pnjcdii
Nh between the friths of Moray and
Dornoch, and terminates in twoc-pts;
the northern one called Taibat Nil's.
Lon. 3 »o w, lat. 57 .14 n.

T Arbeit, a town oi' Scotland, in Ar-
gylelhiie, i;n the w fide of Loth Fine,
whtre it has a fafe and good harbour.
Its caftle, now in ruins, appears to have
been of great ftrength It u a place of
coi.fiderahle tMffic both Hy land and
water, 30 m ssw Inveraray, and 35 s by
E of C.impbelltow n

Tarbes, a town of France, capitiil of
the department of Upp»r Pyrtntei,
with an ancient caftle, and a college.
It waa lately a bidiops fee. It it fcattd
in a fertile plain, on the Adour, 4^ ™
9W Anch, a/'i ui 11 by s Bordiaux.
Lon. o 4 Bt i"t. 4^ 14- N.

Taroorough, a town of N Carolina,
where Iar,iequintitie8t»f tobacco, inaiae,
pork, and bctf are colledrd tor txport-
ation. It ftands on the river Tar, 5* m
from its mouth in Pamlico found, ai'il
56 I by N Ralegh. Loti 77 5i w, 14«
35 58 »<•

TAR

Tartm% a city of Pcrrta. !• Larif^nn,
With it mud fort. It in ircuily imilt,
but ii the rcfiJence of many refpititabic
merchants aii>l iUnds in a plniii covcu-d
with date trci •, 80 m knk L\,.

Tarento, a fcjport of NapleH, in Terra
d'Otranio, and an arcbbifliop'k fi-e. It
is Pated on a pcninfula. and defended
by a ftrung caitle ; but the harbour is
become Ihallow, which haa hurt it»
trade. It iH 55 m m^v Otranto, and
i;o K by s Naples. Lon. i; 29 E, lat.

40 35 N-

Tttrgat a town of tlie kingdom of
Fez, on the Mediterranean, with a cat-
tle on a rocI>, ^a m se Tan^jier.

Tari/ii, a fortii...d ftapuii of Spaint
in AndaiuHa. with a cadle. At the
commencement of 181 a, a French army
invedi-d this place, but the ganiloui
confillin;; of Briiilh and Spnniirdv,
compelled them to rrtreat. It i* ieaied
on an cminenc, on the ftrait of Gibral-
tar, 52 m SB Ctidiz. Lull. | 36 w, lat.
36 5 N.

'J'arija, a town of Tucumin, capital
of a didrict, which abounds in pullures
that feed a vaft piimbcr of cauk and
iheep. It (lands un the St. Juan, 196
m NNF. St- Salvadur dc Jujui. Lon 64
• w, lat. 21. 40 s.

Tarkut a town of Diighcllan, and^thc
capital of a didri^l. It (lands in a nar-
row glen, near (he Cafpian lea, 80 m
KW Derbend, and 150 nc Teflis- Luu.
47 5 E, lat. 45 50 N.

TarmOt a town of Peru, capital of a
jurifdiction, which hat many mines of
filver, and feeds abundance of cattle.
It is a large town, with a lucrative trade
in woollen cloth, and (ituate on the
Chanchamayo, 1 10 m ene Lima. Lou.
75 17 w, lat. II 35 ».

Tarny a department of France, in-
cluding part of the late province of
Lauguedoc. It takes its name from a
river, which rifes in the department of
Lo/hcre, artd flows by Mithoud, Alby,

TAR

TVfrtf, • town of It.ily, \\\ tbo duchv
of Parma, mar the Inoicc ot^ the river
'I'aro, 28 m iW Pirma

Tarftnrl'if, a lown in Cheshire, wirl; a
rn irit' t on I'Mpfday, and a maniitaCtura
M\ liockings, Nc. 1 1 m K^K Cncller, and
178 Nw London.

'farraifona a r'ty of S'lain, in Ci-
talonin, and an ari-libilhnp'-« lee, with 4
uu'verftty. It wi« vr y powerltil in
the lime of the Ro>iiarii, and h.iN iiuiiy
nnbte nioiiu:n>-nt8 of anii(|uity. It it
lurruunded by wall«, '«tu1 has a fi v»
baltions. It is not l«i p'>pulou4 m for-
merly ; for thon^l) tlteie ih room for
'iooo houlcA Witt in the walls, there >•
not above 61^0, wnich are all built >vilti
large (qiarr ftoiies. The cathedral is
noted for its valt ilimculion?, the ele-
gance of itd Gotliic architecture, and
a magniticeiit chapel built with rich
marble and j.ifper. The ordinary ex-
ports are wine and biandy; but its
harbour is not much frequented. Thin
city was taken by dorm in 181 1, by
the French, who madacrcd the inhabit-
ants an'.l burnt their houlcH. It is fcated
on a hill, at the mouth of the Francoli,
in the Mediterranean, 57 m W3w Bar-
celona, and 26^ b by N Madrid. Luu.
I 16 t, lat. 41 10 M.

Tarrtga, a town of Spain, in Cata-
lonia, lituate on a a ii II. Hy the riTcr
Cervera, 33 m N by w Tarragona.
Tarfus \ lee Terajft-
'iurtary, a country of Afia, which,
taken in its utmoft limits, reaches from
the eaftern ocean to the Calpian fea,
and from Corea, China, Tibet, Hin-
dooftan, and Perfia, t>> RulTia and Sibe-
ria. It lies between 55 and 135 k lon.
and between 35 and 55 n lat. being
3600 m in length and 960 in breadth ;
but in the narrowed part not above 330
broad. It may be confi<!cred under
two grand divifions; namely, iaftern
and Weftern Tartary. The greateft
part of the former either belongs to the

Guillac, Muntuuban, and MoifTac into emperor of China, is tributary to him,

the Garonne. Cadres is the capital. or is under his protediun ; and is di-

Tarn and Garonntt a departrnt-iit of vided into three proviucfs, Tcitcicar,

France, ordered by the fenate to be Kirin, and Leao long. A coniiderable

compofed of portionsof the departments part of Wcdern Tartary has been con-

of Lot, Aveyron, Gers, and Upper Ga- quered by the Rudians; and that part

ronne. The capital is Montauban. ot it e from the mountains of Imaus, or

Tarnoitiitz, a town of Silelia, in the Bclur, to the Cafpian fea, is called lu-

Jordfliip of Beuthen, with a valuable dependent Tartary, which has for many

Iron mine. It llands near the frontiers a^cs been attached to Pcrfia. Thclc

of Poland, 38 m ese Oppelen. valt countries include the central part

7aro, a new department of France, of AGa, and" are inhabited by Taitarsof

Including the duchy of Parma, in Italy, differeni denominations and manners.

It has its name from a river, which riles For various particular & concerning them,

on the s border, and flows i^k to tlic fee the articles Abkhas, Circadia, Cri-

Po. mea, ColTacks, G«:orgia, Imeiitia, K4l<

«l

U.'

M ^

TAT

miics, Kifti, rifgnii, M.inrtfljnri, Mln-
grdia, AiotifriilN, Oni| SomuvedcSt Tur-
com ms an. I IJIbccs.

I'mtHs, a town of FrancCf in the de-
pniiiifiit of L.iiKies. 'I he Midoiife
niitH tlinuigh rt ; ntiJ on an*' fide of this
river it rifcs in thi- form of iin amphi-
thcatro; the other ii Icated on « plain,
it Ik 1 1 m N i; D'^x.

'/'nniJnut, or '/'crotLnt, the principal
fow!) itf il\r kidjcdoni of Sus, and the
rcliiKncr uf :i jjovcrtior, or f()m<* fhcriff
related to tht- impv-ror of Morocco.
The inhihitiinta are about 15,000, hut
wen* formerly more confiderable ; and
it is now famous only for the manufac-
ture r,ff;»ltpttrf and leather. It is ISO
m sw Morocco. Lon. 8 35 w, lat. 39
58 N.

Tariuis, a town of Germany, in Ca-
rinthia, a8 m wsw Clagenfurt.

Tqfco, A lown of New Spain, in thn
provmcc of Mexico, with a beautiful
church. It h IS rich lilver mines in the
vicinity, and is tituate on the Zacatula,
70 m ssw Mexico.

TaJJ'acortiu a town of the iflc of
Paliria, one of the Canaries. It lies sw
of St. Cruz, and being expofed to wcll-
crly winds is iitde frequented, but by
boats. Lon. 17 58 w, lat. a8 38 n.

Tajfafudan, the capital of Bootan, a
feudatory country of Tibet. Thccaille,
or palace, is an cxtenfive quadrangular
building of Itone, with accommodation
for the raja, or lama, all the officers of
ftate, a v^ry numerous eftablifliment of
Gylongs, and a temple of the great idol
Mahamoonie. It is feated on the Te-
hintchieu, in a well-cultivated valley,
furrounded by mountains, a8o m ssw
Lafla. Lon, 89 40 k, lat. a; 49 n.

TujffinfT^ an illand of Denmark, be-
tween Funin aid Langeland, feparatcd
from the former by a ftrait. It is 18
m in circuit, and has a town of the fame
name. Lon. 10 47 e, lat- 55 7 ."♦•

Tattat a city of Hindooftan, formerly
the capital of the province of Sindy. It
is feated near a branch of the Sinde or
Indus, called the Richtel River. In the
15th century it was very extenfive and
poptjlous, poflTefling manufadures ot
lilk, wool, and cotton, and celebrated
for cabinet ware. Little of thofe now
remain, and the limits of the city are
very circumfcribed ; but it ftill has a
population of 18,000 fouls. On the
ihores of the Indus, above the delta,
coniiderable quantities of faltpetre are
made ; and within the hilly tradl, which
commences within 3 m on the nw of
Tatta, are mines of iron and fait- The
Indus, and its brancbcij admit of an un<

T A ri

interrupted navigation from Tatta l»
Mouttan, Lahore, and Cafhmere, for
▼oflclBof near 100 tons ; and a very ex<
tenfive trade was curried on between
thofc placet, inthetimeof Anrungzebe;
but at prefent little of this trade re-
mains, owing to a bad government in
Sindy, and to a h«tfli!<» difpoltiion of thi*.
Seiks, the prefont pitfleflTors of Monltan
and Lihore. Tatta ib 64 m sw Hydra-
bad, the prefent capital. Lon. t% 17 k,
lat. 34 44 w.

Titttah, a town on the common fron-
tiers of Morocco, Darah, and Tafihtt,
and in the route from Morocco to Tom-
budlou. It it 170 m s by E Morocco.
Lon 6 15 w, lat. 2S 45 n.

I'atterjbitll, a town in LIncolnfliire,
with a market on Friday. It has the
remains of a caflle, the lofty tower of
which is yet entire. It Hands on the
Bane, near its conflux with th»; Witham,
iim Hb Lincoln, and 135 n London.

Tavdjllaiid, a province of Sweden,
in the middle of Finland, 150 ni long
and 100 broad. The n p:\rt is moun-
tainous and woody, but the greater part
conlids of fiTtiie plains, watered by nu-
merous rivers and lakes. The goodnefi
of the toil is fcarcely furpafled by any
provincii in Sweden, but it is far from
being well cultivated, and the pcafants
arc generally poor. The chief traffic ii
in corn, fltx, hemp, dried fifh, caitlc',
leather, t;»lIow, and lime.

Ttivajlus, or Ta'vnfiborgt a town of
Sweden, capital of tlic province of Ta-
valtland, with a ilrong cadle. It is feated
on a river, which flows into the lake
Wuna, 1 10 m kne Abu' Lon. 25 10 e,
lat. 61 12 N.

Tauchel, a town of Poland, in Pomp-
relia, feated on the Vcrd, 30 m nw
C'ulm, and 55 sw Marienburg.

Taverna, a town of Naples, in Cala-
bria U!,tra, feated on the Coraca, 20 in
ENE Nicaftro

'favira, or TavUa, a feaport of Por-
tugal, in Algarvii, with a caftle and one
of the belt harbours in the kingdom,
defended by two forts. It is feated in
a fertile country, at the mouth of the
(iilaon, in the gulf of Cadiz, 21 m e by
N Faro, and 97 s Evora. Lon. 7 42 w,

lat.,:? 7 8 N.

Tmvijlocki a borough in Devonfliire,
with a market on Saturday. Here wan
formerly a ftately abbey, and fome of its
remains are now formed into tenements.
In the vicinity was born the famous fif
Francis Drake. It hat a manufadlurc
of ferges, and is feated on the Tavy, 32
m w by s Exeter and 207 London-

Taumaco, a town of European Tur«

TAW

Iccy, in the province of ThelTily, iS Di
Nw Zuitun.

'taumagtt a fertile ifland in the Pa*
cific occ.il), 24 m ill circuit, difcuvercil
by Quirus in 1606. Lon. 176' ^5 w,
lat 13 OS. i

TtiuHioa, a town of Manachiifetii,
chief of Urillol county, li^ated on Taun-
ton river, which in uaviKable iienct; for
Imull vrflels to Narranganfct bay. Here
art! vaiious manut'atfturcB of iron ; alfo
a m^iiufatfhire of ochie into pignicnit
of a cl;itl( yellow colour. It iu 36 m s
J5ofton.

Taunton, a borout;h in SomerleHhire,
guvt-rned by a mayor, with a market on
Wi'dni'ftlay and Saturday. It is fltuate
in an cxieiilive and fertili: valley, called
Taunton Dean, on the river Tone.
which is navig.ibic hence to the l^arrct.
It has a large manufa(ilure of filk, and a
confiderable one of woollen goods, iuch
as lirges, duroys, druggets, &c. It had
it ftrong caitle, now in ruins ; ai:d is a
well' built place, with fpacious (Irects
and two churches. The number of in-
hihitants was 5794 in iXoi, and 6997
ill lUii- The iprinn afiizcs are held
here. Taunton was the fcene of m \ny
bloody executions, in the n.ign of James
11, after thu defeat of tlir dijke of Mon*
mondi, X Scd(,'emoor near this town.
It is 31 m NK Exeter, antl 141 w by s
Lotulun. Lon. 3 17 w, lat. 50 59 n.

Tcinjoi/, a feaport on the w coaft of
Siain, wrelted from the Siamefe by the
Bii'inans. It is 150 m wnw Siam. Lon.
98 -.0 K, lat. 14 45 N.

Taureau, an ifle of France, in the de-
partment of Finifterre, at the mouth of
the river Morlaix, with a fr rt to defend
the port of Morlaix .
Taurtda ; fee Criniiia,
Tauris ; fee Tabriz.
Taurus, or Huron, a chain oF moun-
tains in Alia, which begins near *.he
fliores of the Archipelago, and extends
600 m to the river Euphrates. The
Taiirian chain was formerly confidered
aB extending to the fources of ihc Gan-
ges, and the extremities of Afia, fo far
as difcovered by the ancients ; but va-
rious parts of it were known by different
names.

Taus, a town of Bohemia, in the cir-
cle of Pilfen, 31 m ssw Pilfen.

Tavy, a river in Devonlhire, which
rifes in Dartmoor, flows by Taviflock,
and enters the harbour of Hamoazc
above Plymouth.

Taw, a river in Devonfhire, which
rifes in Dartmoor, flows by Clnmleigh
and Barndaple, and joins the Towridge,
at its mouth in the Briitol channel-

K

T C F!

Tanuy, a river of WaIo», in Clamor-
nidiiire, which Hows parallel to ili«

eath, and enters the lirillul chaiincli
at .Swatifca bay-

Till/, a liver of Scotland, which rifes
on the w borders .)f IVrtlifliire, flow*
thro'iis'li Loch Tay to Dunktiil, IVrih,
and iNcwburjj, below which 10 the fea
(above 20 m) it may be detiiwd a con-
tinued harbour, and is cal'cd the FiiiU
of Tay, liaviiij,' Fifclliirf on one li'Jc,
and the coiintici of PcrUi ai.d Torlur
on the otlur.

TajjLocli, a lake of Sco''and, in IVttli-
ihirt, I s m loi>y, ?id lu n'oll parts above
one broad, formed by levtral Itre.ims
and the river Tiy. whicii I. id llowa
thiouffh its whole length. The banks
are finely wooded ; sncl near tlie n i x-
tremii/is a fmali tufted inand, ou which
are the ruiim of a priory, founded by
Alexander I, and in it hiti 'lucen Sibillay
natural daughter of Henry i of England,
was interred.

Tazoiujka'ui ; lee Ol/J'uua.
Tcliung-tcha, a city of Ciiin.i, capital
of the .s part of Hou-quang. It is feated
on the river Heng, which has a coiuinu-
nication with an extcidive lake, called
Tong-ting-hou, 710 m s by w Peking.
Lon. iia 25 u, lat ^a 11 n.

Tchanjitcheou, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in Eo-kien. It has a conli-
derable trade witri I'imony, Pong-ho«,
and Formola, and is 950 m s Peking.
Lon. 117 35 K, lat. 24 32 N.

Tchang-te, a city of China, of the firft
rank, in Ilo-nan. It is remarkable for
a fifli, like a crocodile, the fat of which
- jf fuch a fuigular nature, that when
once kindled it cannot be extinguiihed.
Near it is a mountain, fo ftcep and in*
acceinble, that in time of war it affords
a fafe afyluin to the inhabitants. It it
855 "^ ssw Peking. Lon. in 5 e, lat.
29 2 N.

Tchao kirit;, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in Quang-tong, fcaled on tiie
river Si, 70 m w Canton.

Tchao-lchtou, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in Qiian-tong, feated on tl)C
Pei-kiang, fl6 m e Canton.

Tche-kiang, a province of China, cnc
of the moft confiderable in extent,
riches, and population. It is bounded
on the JT and w by Kiang-nan, sw by
Kiang-fi, s by Fo-kien, and e by the
ocean. In this province whole plains
are covered with dwarf mulberry trees*
purpofely checked in their growth ; and
prodigious quantities of filkworms are
bred. The principal branch of trade
confifts in filk ftuffs ; and thofe in which
gold and filver arc intermixed arc ths'

•I

f;Ji

irofl hpaii»ifiil In Chin.'^. Tlie tuM v.v
tr''»*ii prow herr, and a I'pfcitf* of mulli-
loomi, which arc tr.inCportrd to »\\ the
provina-H of the empire ; and h«*rc all'.*
arc f )mul Ihefinall ^nW fifli with wdiclj

fonds are cummonly (locked. In Tclir-
iat'i; ar« recltotu-d u cities of the firft
rank, 71 of the third, and 18 ft»rtrcllf».
whicli ill Kiiropc would br denned l.irgc
fitiea. Hani; tcht-oii Is the cnpital.

't'chernixof, a government of UtilTi.i,
formerly a part of the Ukraine. 'I'he
cupitai, of the r»n>e name, is featrd on
the Defna, 80 m NNfc Kiof, and 140 3
by wSmnlctiflc. Lon -^i jjiijat.si i^s.

Tchefne, a town of Aliatic 'i'urkey,
on the w coaft of Natolia, with a cit;i-
dfl. It ftanda almcift oppoCite Scio, at
the head of a fpicloui ro^d, where the
Turkifh fli-et was dtllroyed by the Ruf.
flai's, in 1779. » It is 4K m w Smyrna.
Lon. <o if> B, lit. 38 afi N. •

Tc'hing-h'iangt a city of China, of thr
firfl rank, in Setchtiin, 910 m ^w l'*.-
kinjf. Lon, 104 56 b, IU. 17 lU n.

Tchhix kiariff, a Itrong city of China,
of the firll rank, in Kiang-nan, and tlic
ln^y of the empire toward the ih\. Ifs
fituation and trade, and the b nuiy of
its wallo, give it a freeminince over the
othtr cities of th*- provirtce. It is feat-
ed on the f> fide of tlic Ki^n-ku, 470
m s&E I'cking. Lon. 118 55 v., lat- 3a
14 N.

Tchin^ kian^, ;• city of Chini, of the
(ir(l rank, in the province of Yiin-nan,
^6 m 8 by K Yun-nan. Lun. 102 40 e,
lat. :4 44 N'>

Tchitifr tcheou. a city of China, of tiie
flrft rank, in Hoo>qiMnf!, feated on an
angle formed by two rivf-rn. Under it
are five cities of the third clafs, in which
a kind of plain e^ithen ware is prepnr.
e.l, which the Ch'nt-le prtfer to the
moft elegant porcelain. It is 765 m
ssw Peking, i^on. 109 40 &, lat. 28

Tching-tinjr, a city of China, of the
fi ft raiik, in Pe-tchc li. 136 m *sw
Pckinir. Lon. 114 ii ^,!at. 38 «) n.

Tchintftou, a city of Ciiina, capital of
Setchucn. It was fotint-rly the rcii-
dence of the emperors, and one of the
largeft .md moft beautiful cities in the
empire ; but in 1646, it was almoft en-
tirely deftroyed during the civil wars
that preceded the laft invafion of the
Tartars. Its temples, and the luins »)f
ancient palaces, are objeds of admira-
tion to ftrangers. It is 810 m sw Pe-
king. Lon. 103 44 K, lat 30 40 V.

Tchln-ngan, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in Quanjf fi, rajo m skw
Peking. Lon- 106 o ii^lat. a^ ai n.

T K C

Ttli fffietn, n city of China, of (hit
firft tarik, in K<anK-nan ; feated nn ^
river, 570 m a Ptkinf. Lon. 117 o E,
lat 30 45 ff.

Tchi yum. a rity of China, of the fir|,
rank, in Koei-trheou, qKo m ssw i'c.
klnff. F^on. 107 ^i R, lat. 47 1 n.

'l'(hnka\ lee Sn^halitn.

'Vchon^ itintr, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in Se-tchnrn. It is feattd on
the lidr (;f a mountain, at the conlbixnf
the Kmch I with the Kiaii-kii, 7i;o m svr
Peking. Lon. 106 20 1 . lat. ai^ 4) s.

Tchou-liongt a city ol' China, of tlif
firft rank, in the province of Yimi nin,
75 ni w Yun-nan. Lon. i«i ao k, Ut.

'l'chudjloi\ fee }*eif>us.

'fchukotjk'h the molt caf^'rn part of
Siberia, in the province ot Okotfk T^e
attention of the natives is confiiud
chieily to their deer, with which the
country abounds. 'Ihey are a wcil-
inade, courageous, warlike race, anil are
formidable nt-ighbourb to the Koriuc..,
who often experience tncir ctpiecia-
tions.

't'chukotjkoi, a cipe of Siberia, r.n t!ie
ealtern cxtrem'tv <f Afia, and the iw
limit of Beeiiiig ftraii. Luii. 17a 30 w,
lat. 64 15 N.

Tchu icficou, n citv of China, of tiit
firft rank, in Tche-kung, 7^0 m s.^i
Peking. Lon. 120 f,3 t, lat. 28 i*^ n.

Tcitc'uar, the larg«ft of the thrca
provinces of Kaftern 'I'artaiy, bounded
oil the N by Siberia, ni by the fra of
Okotfk, SK by the province of Kirin,
.nnd w by Wcfte'n Tait^ry and Sihtria.
It i« a mountainoiiH country, wattrcd
by the river Sa^halien, which receivci
many others in its courfe.

Tcitcicavy a city of £aftcrii Tartary,
capital of the province of the fame
name, and the refidence of a Mandlhiir
general. It is a modem city, built by
the emperor of ( hina, to A cure hit
frontiers again ft the incurtiou-> of tlii:
RuHians. It is leated on the Noiiiii,
600 m NNE Peking. Lon. 123 50k,
lat. 47 25 N.

Tebrjia, or Tinfa, a town of A'gifiS,
in the" province of Conftantina, v.iih ;*
callle, and li.*veral remains of antiquiiy.
It is featcd at the foot of a niouniaiii,
on the borders of Tunis, 120 m st
Cenftantina. Lon. 8 5 f , lat. 34 51 n.
Ttcalit a town of New Spain, lu
TIalcala, famous for its mats made of
reeds of palm, and i'mall baflcets. It it
, 17 m Bfc Puebla.

Tece /, a town of the kirgciom of
Sus, in a count<y aboundmg in itraiu,
dates, and fu^ar canct} 4 m k ^iefik.

'iecrit, a town ol

TEF

Tickknburg, a town of Wrftphalla,
capital of H fertile county uf th<* lame
nanii'. Ntur it, on a numntain, it the
(Itiiyid ciftlf, formerly the relidence
of tlif ancient counts. It has manufac-
tiiTfx of linen cloUi, atxl in aa m h by r
Mimflcr. I.OM. 7 47 e, lai. 52 14 n.

TicoanttpK, a li-aport of N«:w Spain,
in r.naxaca, with a fortirtcd abbey, and
Irvrral handfomc churches It is feated
\ww a large bay of the fame name, in
the I'.ieilic ocean, at tiie extremity of
acie'k, the entrance ot' which in im-
pfdccl by a bar. It h 150 in 1. by s
Giiaxica. Lon. 95 55 w, lat. 16 so n.
7Vfn'.', a town ol Afiatic Turkey, in
the government of Moful, feateii on a
rock, on the w fule of the Tigriu, 130
m s Moful'

Teculet, a town of Morocco, with an
olclcaftle, fcatt'd on the lide of a moun-
t;jin, at the mouth of a river of the fame
name. 150 m w Morocco. Lon. 9 45
w, lat. ji 5 N

Teddington^ a village in Middlrfex,
feated on the Tli.imcs, 11 tn wsw Lon-
don. The church is a perpetual curacy,
which was etijoycd 50 ynars by the ce-
lebritcd philofopher Dr Su-phen Hales,
who died in 1761, and is interred under
the tower of the church, which he erod-
ed at his own expenle.

TMfZt a town of A'giers, on the
coaft of the Medite. ranean, with a caftic,
45 m E AljiHcrs.

Tedufjl, a town of Morocco, in the
province of Hea. It was taken by the
Porluguefe in 1517, but they were
driven away foon after. It is almoft
I'urroundcd by a river, 40 m ne Mo-
gador.

Tedjt a town of the kingdom of Sus,
feuted in a plain abounding in corn,
:o m «ii Tarudant.

Tw, a river that rii'eb on the confines
of Cumberland, feparates the counties
of Durham and York, and enters the
Gprman ocean, below Stockton.

'fnjia, or YoSanpoo, a r'vei thut rifes
in Tibet, and crotTcs Bootan into Ben-
gal, whercf it divides into two ftreams
that flow to the Gaiigei ; one a6 m N,
the other 93 esp. of Moorfhedabad.

Tefi/ad,itown of Algiers, with mines
of iron in its neighbourhood, 32 m sw
Algiers.

Tfflis, or Tiflist the capital of Afiatic
Georgia, with a citadel. It is called
by the inhabitants Thilts Cabar (warm
town) front the war-m baths in its neigh-
bourhood. The city contains 18,000
inhabitants, of which nearly half are
ArmcnMoi. The ftrects feldom exceed

TEI

feven feet In bre.idth s and the houfei
are of ftonr with flat roofs, which lerve
as walks for the women. Here ii a
fuundery tor cannon, mortars, and
balls; and a public fchool founded by
emperor Alexander. The molt flourifh-
in^ manufaaures are thole of filksand
printed linens ; but the chief trade is iii
furs, lifnt to Turkey and the s of Per fi a.
It was taken in 17S3, by the Turks; in
i7J4« by Kouli Khun ; and in 1797, by
Aga Mohamed Khan. In 1800 it be-
came fubjeil to Kiiiria. It is leafed on
the Kur, at the foot of a hill, 1 1; m M
Erivan, and aoo s-^w Aftrucan. Lon.
44 56 K. lat. 41 40 N.

Te/^a, a ftroiig town of Morocco,
capital of a province of the fan-t. 'aiiie.
It is fcated on the lide of' i tiou; tain,
70 in N N a Morocco. Lon. 5 55 w, lat.

31 0 N.

Te/zra. a town of Algiers, in '.he p.-o-
vince of Mafcara, 55 m "jsw Oran.

Tfgaza, a town of Zahira, capital of
a territory of its name, remarkable for
mountains of I'alt. Lon. 6 30 w, lat. 3, »
40 N.

Teger/ii/, a town of the kingdom of
Fczzan, Horn sw Mcurzook.

T'jern, a town of Bavaria, with a ce-
lebi ated abbey, feated on a lake, called
the Tegern See, 30 nr^ s.hk Munich.

Teg/io, ft town of SwilTerland, in Val-
tcline, lituate on a mountain, 9 m ^w
Tirano.

Teheraiit or Tehraun, a city and tht
northern capital of Perfia, in Ir.ik
Agemi. It is furrounded by a wall, in
which are fix gates, and is about the
fize of Shiras; but has not fo many
public buildings. The king refides in
a fquare fortified palace, which is fur-
rounded by a wall and a ditch, and is
entered by two gates- The houfes are
built of bricks, baked in the fun, thac
the whole has a mudlike appearance.
Here arc fome good bazars, and many
caravanfarles and hummums. Five m
to the s are the extenf ve ruins of the
city of Rey, the Usges of Tobit. Te-
heran (lands on a fait and moift plain,
near the foot of the Albores mountains,
230 m N by w lipahan. Lon. 50 55 u,
lat. 35 40 N.

Teigfit a river in Devjon(hire, com-
pofcd of two branches, which rife in
the E part of Dartmoor, and, uniting,
enter the Englifh channel at Teijn-
roouth.

Teignmout/it ^ feaport in Devonfhire,
with a market on Saturday. At this
place the Danes firft landed, and Mm-
mittcd feveral outrages. It was almoft

\ws] M

<i

I )^-

.t*^

TEL

entirely dcllroycd by thf Frcmli, who
Irt firir to it in 1690. Since that period
the town han become of more con(e-
qurncr ; and it is now a fiifhionatile
waferinj?-pl,ice. It lendi a niimhrr of
vefTi'l* to the Ncwfounill.incl fifhery,
and h.i« a conriiicr.thle trnde in c:irryin){
fineclay tothe potftrienin Stifloidlhirf,
when* I- arc hrou(;ht coal, fall, earthm-
ware, &c. Fmir m from it. on tlie fra-
coalti \n an I'xtriilivit cinarry of various
coloured marble. It tit il-att-d at llu-
mouth of ilif 'I Vign, 15 m % £xi*ter, and
187 w by s i.undon. Lon. 3 39 w, lat.

50 ,^> '*•'•

'i'trinitZf R town of Hohomia, in the
circle of PiKcii, with a cartle aiid con-
vent'leatcd on thr Ra«l!)U7.a, jo m wsw
iMf.n.

Teil'erukr/^ a town of navaria, in the
durhy of Salzburg, la m nw Silzbnrg.
TrilJe, or //Vy}, a river of HuuKary,
which xMi'M in the Carpathian moun-
tains, flows w to Tokay, and then a by
Tlbngrad, Srgi-din, and Titul, belo'v
wliicli It joins the Danube.

Ttjucot a town of Rrani, capital of a
diamond diilrid of the fame name, the
tichcd in the coniitr/. It is Htuate in
the midfl of ftcriiity ; but the Ihopu are
wellltockcd with KngliHi c'oth, printed
cottons, baizes, hams, cheefe, butter,
and porter, all brought on mules from
St. Salvador, or St. Stballian. It is 500
m ssw of the former, and 400 n of the
latter. Lon. 42 30 w, lut. 18 11 s.
Tekin', lee Bender-

Teiemonet a town of ftiily, in Stato
delli Prefidii, with a fmall harbour, and
a ftrong fort ; leated at the mouth of
the Oira, ID m N Orbilello.

TeUfit a town of Naples, in Terra di
Lavoro, 18 m GNE Capua-

Telgen, or Te1ga% a town of Sweden,
in Sudernania, fituate on the s part ct
the lake Maeler, la m sw .Stockholm.

Telgent a town of Sweden, in Upland,
fituate on a creek of the Baltic, 36 m
NE Stockholm.

Telget, a town of Wedphalia, in the
principality of Munfter

T F>N

tivei rcflde here, and the trade i« confi.
drraMe. It i* raited at the mouth of ,1
river, 41 <^ nniv Calicut. l<on. 75 ^d

E, Ut. II 48 H.

Teltonv, a town of Brindriibiirp:, in
the Middle mark, on a lake of thr i'^nu;
name, 7 ro hhw Berlin.

Teltjtht a town of Moravia, on the
frontirri of Hohcmia, at the I'ource uf
the Ttya, 16 m i» Igl.iu.

Temblequft a town ol.Sp.iin, in Niw
Caililc, }H in kSK ToK'do. and 43 » by
V. Madtid.

Temendefulh « town of the kingdom
of Algiers, foaled on the MiditerraiiiMii,
10 m K Algiers.

T.-mefiuar^ a (Iron?; town of Hiuir^ry,
capit.l of a territory called ihe li,inM.ii
of Temefwar. *lt ftands on the river
Bi-ga, which forms a moraf^ round it;
and the fortrefs requires a garriCoii nt
1 4,000 men. This place formerly pafl".
C'i for impregnable; but it was takin
by Piince Eugene, in a dry li^afoii, in
1716. It is 80 m NN« Belgrade, and
160 SK Buda. Lon. 21 40 e, lat. 45 5; k,
Temi/ramin, a lake of Canada, 43 m
long and 15 broad, which with itn oi;t.
let the river Utawas form part of the
boundary line between Upper and Lowtr
Canada.

Temi£'a, a town of the kingdom of
Fezzan. Ilcre the caravans from Tom-
budtoo, Bornou, &c. which travel l,y
way of Cairo to Mecca, ufu dly provide
the llores of corn, dates, dried meat.
and other neceHaries requifite for ihcir
dreary puflage. It is 130 m tNE Mour-
zook.

Tempelborg, a town of Further Pomi;-
rania, on the s fide of a lake and on the
frontiers of Poland, 43 m » by n New
Stargard.

Templemore, a town of Ireland, in Iht
county of Tipperary, where much wool
is fold annually in July. It is 13 m $
by w Rofcrea, and 2 1 n Caflitl.

TempUn, a town of Brandenburg, in
the Ucker mark, which his a grnt
trade in timber. It was totally con-

^ , - Here is a ce- fumed by fire in 1735, but has been

lebrated image of the Virgin, which is rebuilt in a beautiful manner. It Ihndj
vifited by a great number of pilgrims, between thff Bodenfee and Dolgenlie.
It ii 5 m ENE Munfter. 18 m sw Prenzlo, and ^% n by f

Tclles, a town of the kingdom of Fez, Berlin,
with a fmall harbour, on the Mediter- TenaJJerim, a town of Siam, capital of
ranean, ico m ese Tetuan. a province. It is fituate on a river of

Tellicherj, a town of Hindooftan, in the fanne r.arr.c, 47 m se Mergui. Lon
Malabar. It was long the chief fettle- 98 sc w, ht. 1 1 35 k.
mentof theEnglilh onthecoaft of Ma- Tenhury^ or Tembury, a town in
labar, but after the capture of Mahe, in Worcefteilhire, with a market on fuel-
1793, the Company's commerce was re- day ; feated on the Teme, i^ «i w by m
moved thither^ yet ftill many rich na- Worcefter; and 133 wnw London.

tridt;t'S, and black

Ttnh^t K fiMpdrt of W;itc»i in Pern-
hrokt'lhiri*, jiovcrneil by 4 iniyor, with
J markit on Wi-dncliliy and ^alurd.iy.
|t;4 caAl)' wiiH iJcmoliihrtI in the civil
Mars. I'hc principal tr^itc* it in coal,
nut it !• a place of gnat rd'ort toi
i)UhinK'« P'>n'' m wrw, <in tlti- Icacoaft,
.ire the m illive rcmam.* ol' Maiiorbcrr
ciftle. Ttfiiby Is ll-attd on a n.urow
ri)ck proje^lin^' into the ('< n, 10 m k
p. mbrokf, and zif w London. Lun.
440 ^»f lilt. 51 44 N.

I'imJti, a town «if I'ii.-dmont, with a
fortitirJ c.illle on a rock. It ItatuU on
lilt Roia, at the influx of tin- Brojjna,
:H in NNK Nice, and 65 a Turin.

t'enJiiy \ I*'"' Sa»iar.

Tenrdoi, an ill ind ot the Archip(;!a>;o,
onthecoift ot Natolia, 14 m » of the
Itr.'iit (it Gallipoti. It is 9 m loii^ and
(\ broad, inhabited nlmoll wholly by
vlrrckH, and itii muriMdinc wine \a th ■
hcfl in all the Levant. On tin* at Ixic
is the town, at the toot of a monntai 1,
with a harimnr, drfeiuled by a calUc.
i.on. 85 j8 K, lat- 39 48 N.

Tenen, or Kiiin, a town of Oalmatia,
on the borders of Rofnia, and a billmp's
(rf. It has been litveral times taken by
tlie Turks and Venetians, and in 48 m s
BiliacZ' I'On. 16 30 e, lat. 44 5 n.

Tenenff^ one of the Canary ill inds, and
the moit infidcrable for riches, trade,
.niui pnpulaiion. It lies w of the Grand
Canary, is /o m long and a 2 broad,
and iibonnds in wine, frnit, cattle, and
frmne. One part of this illand is lur-
roiinded by monntains, and one in par-
ticular, calUnI the I'ikc of Teneritt", is
ij,ij8 feet above tlir level of the iea :
and the diftance to the I'iUe from the
port of Oratava, at the bafe of the
mountain, is aliovc n m. This illand
iafubjed to earthqii ikes ; and, ir 1704,
one deftroyed feverai t'wns, and many
thouland people. The laborious works
in this ifland are chiefly performed by
oxen and mules, horii:^ bcin^ fcarce,
aad relerved lor the ufe of the oflice^s.
Hawks and parrots are natives of the
idsiid, as alio Iwallows, fei(,'ull.s, par-
tridges, and blackbirds. Inere an. ailo
liz;irdH, iocnftfi, and dr.igonfliei. St.
Chriftophe de Lagr.na is the cjpicai,
but the povi-inor relides at St. Cnii:.

Tenaitf, a town of IVrri Fir'na, in
the province of St. Martha, feated on
tlie Madalena, 100 m s by w bt. Mar-
tha. Lon. 74 15 w, lat. 9 45 n.

Tenez, or Tenh^ a town ot Algiers, in
the province of Mafcara, capital of a
<li(lri(ft of its name, with a foit. The
cliief expoi I .is corn; but here is no

TKN

h.ub(>ur, and the roatl ii expolcd to the
w a.,d w wiiidi. It it fi-atcd on \ rivrr,
4 n> tr.tin thi- lea, and Kj w.tw Algiers.
Jon. I 14 »., lat. i6 16 N.

'I'f-ng,tn, a city of China, of ihe firft
rank, in lion qiiang, i^r^a m 1 by w IV*-
king. Lon. n j ai ►, iat 31 »o v.

Ti-tini-jjef on** of the United Sfitcd of
Amrriia, lying between the p.ir.tlleln nf
\ >; and ,i65 dt^Mci'i latitude; bmnnlrdoa
Itu* s by Oi'nigi.i, w by tlu- .Miflfidippi,
N by Kintucky and Vir^/inia, ami •■ by
the Iron .i.id Haid mount liiH, winch f«-
p.iratc itf'om NCatolma. It ii 410 m in
l( iigth and 104 in breidth ; and divided
into three diftritits. Waflinigtun, Miro,
and Il.iiniltoii, which .in- fubdiviili,! iw
to 14 coiinti«-«. 'I'he princioal riviTH ar.«
the MilTiUippi, Teniiellef, ('unl)crl.ind,
and IlolPon, and it is watered by otln-r
»ivi.r8 and creeks. 'I'hc ^ uinbt'rlaml
mountain*, a loltyridgf near .30 m broad,
cut t <H itite into the e.kdern aiul well-
»'rn divifioMS, which were originally
known by tl • names of the cfl.iblilh-
meiifs of Holllon and Cumberl.ind ; but
the latter is much the largefl pan. The
climate, (oil, and produce- of TcnncnVe
ate nearly the liime as the a(.joiriing
ftate of Kentucky ; but W Tenneflee,
or Ciimbtrland, is Icfs rdiibrious, hav.
Ing a warmer and more bumid tempe-
rature. In 1810 the number of inha-
bitants was 261,727. Knoxvillc is the
capital. ^

Tenntifre, a river of the United States,
formerly called the Cherokee river, and
the largeft of all thole which flow into
the Ohio. Its commencement is form-
ed in the (late to which it gives name,
by the jiiniftion of the HoUton and
Broad rivers, at fort Grainger, 35 m be-
low Knoxville. It flows ew, on the b
fide of Cumberland mountains, into the
Mifllirippi territory, where it makeo a
circuit to the w, called the Great Bend ;
it then reenters the ftate of Tenneflec,
which it palTes quite through into that
of Kentucky, whtre it enters the Ohio,
50 m ^bove the conflux of that river
with the MiflifliDpi ''-r.e TcrnelTic is
600 yards broa»l at its 1 ' •nth, .md tlw-nce
navigable by v^flVIs of great bunlcn tor
260 ni, to the Mufrle ShoaU, in the
Great Bend : here the river wi.!. ns to
bjtween a an<1 3 m, for nearly .^o m j
an J thcfe fhoals can only be palled in
fmall boats : hence it :ray be naviga'cd,
by buafs of .;o tons bnidcn, 400 m fur-
ther to lis comnunctment.

Tennis^ a town ol Egypt, fituate on
an ifland in a lake of the fame name, 28
m SB Damictta.

aZa

I
I

'fl.>

I K M

1*<ri/Jny i fre Mnhile-

Tui/i/i, A nvcr of Mnrnofo, witicli
rifi'H in llic Afl.id, >. (»f Morod'O, ptHV-n
3 i\t N ot that city, .umI riitcri (hi* mi mii
I J m • «)f S.tfiy.

TttyhiUt * town ol Upprr S.ixniiy, ii;
l'hnrin{;i.), lo m nk I,.iii(ri'n<tilx.i.

Tfnifhiiii, » city of Chiii.t, n\ thv flrll
rnnk, in ChiMg ton);, witli ,\ ^ind putt,
itui n (\ri)ii^' g.ii'ilon. It ik I'l.tNtl on
the N liil« of .1 iicnlnliihi ul' iht Yill'W
fca, ajo m sK iVking. Lun. uo 30 ■»

Ut. H7 JO K.

Ttntetdtn, 4 town In Ki-nt, (:ovi«rnctl
by 4 mayor, with ii in.iiltct on i'rid.iy.
Th« ftccpli* of lh«' chnrch in vtry lofty,
And at tlw time of thr Hp^nilli invifiiM),
in I5n8, w,ii made ufi* of as a Ihmcoii.
It in %i m »w Canterbury, and 36 fc by
s I.nnJon.

TentiiKalt a town nf Portugal, in
Beira, H m wvw Coiml>ra.

Tefieaca^ a town of Niw Spain, in
Ttafcala, built by CoricM, and then call-
ed Sfffura dc la Froniiia. In tlif prin-
cipal (quare iH a iort, now in ,1 dilapi-
dated flate, a beautiful church, and a
magnifiomt convent It has iiveral
manufadturci* of woollen cloth, ai.d is
17 nt s*ti Furbla.

Tepellene, a town of European Tur-
key, in Albania, with a palace of the
Eacha of Janina, where he fometimct
olds his court. It is (iratrd on the
Vouifla. la m N Argiro Callro, and 60
NNW Janina.

Tepic, a town of New Spain, In Oua-
dalaxara, capital of a dillridt that ex-
tends to the feacoad. It is featrd on
the fummit of a mountain, no m w by
N Ouadalaxara. Lun. 104 45 w, lat.
ai ?6 N.

Tepoxcelulaf a tov.n of N«.'w Spain, in
Tlalcala, capital of a diltriA fertile in
corn, cotton, and cochineal It has
manufadlures of cotton fluffs and cha-
mois, and isfituateamid mountains, 160
m s Pucbia. Lon. 97 ct w, lat. 17 16 3.

Tetuia, a town of New Granada, in
the diftridt of Tunja, which has a great
trade in fugar, fweetmeats, and the
produce of a rich country. It is .^a m
»sw Pamplona, and 100 nnk Tunja.

Teramo, a town of Naples, in Abruz-
zo Ultra, at the conflux of the Viciola
and Tordino, z$ m nb Aquila.

TeraJJo, the ancient Tarfus, a feaport
of Aflatic Turkey, in Caramania, and
an archbilhop's fee. It is fcatcd on the
Mediterranean, 100 m w by n Alexan-
drrtta. Lon. 35 1 5 k> lat. 37 4 "•

Te*\erat one of the Azores, of a cir-
ctriar form, about 55 m io circumfer-

TK K

f ntf , and ?»ry fertile. It contaiiu Ut*.
ral J«>wns and villages, with a inimlwi
of fort*. Angra is the capirxl, mj t^,
frtit of gnvrrnmrnt for iill Itir intiul,

'I'trchix, or 't'tr/bi%, a t«>vvn of Pfrjj
in tlir prr*vnicc of Chorafan, 1 jo m w.^w
Herat. Lon. 57 sj a, lat. j; 5 n.

7Vr/i,or Terki, a t«»wn nl' Kuiria, m

thi' govi'itiment of Cancali .^f (he

froniicT ot (JrorKia It it fiiiird tmi
river of the lann name, 1 i>ar the C.ifpun
fra, iVo m H AUiacau Lou. 4^ |o ^
lat. 43 ij N. '

yVr^rt, a town of Mnmcco, ftatfilon
thf Oniirahi, 90 m n Morocco.

VVr^oi'///, or 'i'fri'ii, a town of Jy.
ropean Turkey. In Waladiij. Hfrcji
a hnc palace, belonging to the holpodar
or reignirtg prince; but he ciiLHyrr.'
ftdrs at Huchoreft. It is fratrd on t)|,
Jalonitz, .^j m NNW Buchorcll. I,uii.
3j ^R R, lat. 45 ]8 N.

7 erjfouw i fee GouJa,

Ttrmed, a town of Ufbec Tartary,
capital of a diltri(!t in Bokharia , laird
in an angle formed by the uinoii ot two
rivers, 150 m s Samarcand- Lun. 6j j;

^*}l^- M 'i *••

Termini, a town on the N coafl of
Sicily, in Val di Ma/.ara, with a ftrog
taftic, warm baths, tuul the remaiiudi
a fine aqueduA. Here is a royal tUpoi
for the export of corn, oil, olives anil
othcrr produ^ionx; and it has a vrir
lat^e filhery. It Ifands near the mmiil;
of a river of the lame name, ao m tsi
Pakrmo.

'J'frm»li, a town of Naples, in Capi
tanata, feated near the lea, 3a n\ n
Lanciuno.

Trrnatf, the moft northern and Im-
portant idand of the proper Moluccas,
though not above 45 m in circumlt-
rencc. It is mountainous, and hai a
great number of woods that furnilli
much game; but it produces a grtJt
quantity of cloves, and other fruiti pro-
per t«) the climate. The chief quadru-
ped» are goats, deer, and hogs ; and th(
birds are of didinguiflied beauty, p,irti-
cularly the kingfiftier. of a fcarlet ami
mazareen blue. The Hoa-ferpent is
fomctimes foMnd here, of the lenjithof
thirty feet, and is reported fometinu-s to
fwallow even i'mall deer, Ternatc is
governed by a fultan, who alfo control;
Michian, Motir, and Mortay, with thi-
N part of Gilolo, and even fomeCciebe-
zian ides, and part of Pupua, whence he
receives a tribute of gold, amber, and
birds of paradife. In 1638 the Dutch
formed an alliance with the fultan of
Ternatc and the lefler princesi wbicb

r K I

has been repeatedly n
II wsi taken bv the
hllind lies a little to

I Lon ra6 38 *, lat. 1 1
Terneit/e, n town an

thfflindi, in Flanders,

of the Scheldt, i ilird

Iwaitaken by the Frem

II m K Sits V.U) Ghe
JAi'werp.

Ttrni, a town of Its
(fSpoleto, fcalcd on tl
linlluK nf the Velino. wl
Iciurai^l a mile from tl
]ii the hiithplsce of T
iiait. It ii 1.5 m ^•■'»w8
I Home.

TirHova, a town ct

llo-y, In Uiilguria, and

Ifff. It was formerly

Iprincri of Bulgaria, ani

■but the fortifications si

lilted CI a mount.iin,

I'^m Nw .\<lrininiple, a

Lan 16 t e, lat. 4 j I s

innova, a town of

k(y,inThe(rily, and a fa

jldon theSalrmpria, i«

Ttrodant \ fee Tarudi

Ttrcuent, a town of

y'p.irtment of Pas de C

Ihi' Lin, A m 9 St. Ointr

yVrra di Bari, Lavor

|« bari, Isfe.

T/rra del Ejpirilu S
Cpllcrn r.nd largcft iila
Htbridei, in the Pacific
hgiiei in circuit. The
kly high and mount
my places the hills ri
pflca. Except the clil
kry part is covered
^idout in plantations.
fSt Philip and St. Jag(
fit, the ides which lie ;
Icoaftformfeveral gooi
Wi. Lon. 167 B, lat.
Utrra Firma, a count
Pi bounded on the k \
iNg by the Atlantic,
Id Amazonia, s by Ne«
Hy the Pacific ocean t
Daritii, which laft ft
I America. Its length
Ptic to the Pacific oc<
f'?oom; its greateft
|t 111 (ome places, towar
ft above 180. It is di
O'lnceg of Terra Fin
►"cn,Carthagena, St.
ela. Caracas, Cuman
anilh Guayana. The
[["bjfft to the vicero)
?»■ In 1811, a fpirit

T i: R

hiilxrn rcpfatnlly rfnfwi'd. In iHro
II wm taken bv thr linKliih. Tl)i<
iltind \ie» a little to the w ul (iilolo.
Lon I aft .18 *, l.it. I J') M.

Ttmei/e, a town Krul lort of ilji- Nr.
thfflindi, in FLindrri, on the w hraiuh
of the Schcltlt, i-illccl thr Hondi It
wiitalK'n by the French in i7(;4. It ii
H m IT Sug vtin (ihent, and 1^ wnw
Aiiwerp.

Trrwi, a town of Ifuly, in ihe ilurhy
if Spoleto, frattd on the Nrr;i, nr.ir the
inHiix of the Velino, which haaatitnioun
ciurart a mile from the town. Tcrni
< the hii thplace of Tacitus the iiino-
luri. It ii 15 m MHw Spuictu, and 46 n
Home.

Tirnova, a town <f Riiropenn Ttir-
k>-]r, in Uiilgurin, and an archhiOiop'*
fff. It wns formerly the (eat of the
ifince* of Bulgaria, ami a fti'«)nK place,
lilt tht fortifications aie ruined. It \h
ifi-jteil c'l a mountain, i;ear thr Jcni'ra,
I'^m Nw Adriniioplc, and 97 Nh Sofia.
.on t6 X K, lat. 4,3 I s.
Tnitova, a town of Eiiropenn Tur-
ityiiiiThcfTiiy, ^nd ibiflinp « fee, fcat-
;don theSalempria, i« m www Lariila.
Tfrodant ; fee 't'arudant.
Ttrouene, a ti>vvn of France, in the
kpirtment of Pas de Calais, linted on
1' Lis, A m 9 St. Oilier.
Ttrra di Bart, Lavoro, and Otranto,
[ft fifln, Isic.
Ttrra del Ej^irUu Santo, the mofl
dlmi and largcft iiland of the New
Itbriilei, in the Pacific oci'an, beirig 40
'giiei in circuit. The land is exceed.
igly high and monntainoiis, and in
my places the hills rife dirtily from
ifii-a. Except the clilFs and beaches,
'try part is covered with wood, or
lid out in plantations. Befide the bay
'St Philip and St. Jago, on the n fide
it) the iiles which lie along the s and
coaft form feveral good bays and har-
iur». Lon. 167 B,iat. 15 s.
Terra lurma, a country of S Ameri-
i) bounded on the n by the Caribean
'. Ni by the Atlantic, se by Guayana
idAmazoniii, 9 by New Granada, and
by ihe Pacific ocean and the ilthraus
Darien, which laft feparaies it from
America. Its length, from the At-
i>ic lo the Pacific ocean, is upward
'^00 m ; its greatcfl breadth is 450,
il ill Ibme places, toward theOronoko,
It above i8o. It is divided into the
i^inces of Terra Firma Proper, or
'fitn, Carthagena, St. Martha, Venc-
«la. Curacas, Cumana, Paria, and
ani(b Guayana. The whole country
•mvi\ to the viceroy of New Gra-
^' In 1811, a fpirit of revolt broke

T F, II

out, the provincr» aflemhlt d « general
) -i)frelR, |)yl<-d the Cuiift deration uf
Vcncxui-la, and tlit-y endeavoured to
hecuine <iit iiidr|)«i)drnt empire. But,
in iHn, wlun mullitiuUa were allcm*
bled in the ihnirhri u> celebrate Maun*
(ly Thnililay, ,1 tiidd< 11 and tritiblccoit*
vidfion of n.riire liuppenril, and ea«
tendrd over a /.teat p.iit of the Country t
m.iny thoiif.ii.ih of human b(-in|(S were
loft , rnckn .lid mouiitinni fplit, and
rolled itito valleys} rivrrit lt)i\, or their
com Cri (hanged ( fomc towna Iwatlowed
up, fomc toially, others nearly dcflroy-
ed, and many very much Ir.jurrd. Th<
furviving inhabitants deemed this a
heavy judgment for recnt tr.mlgref*
liuns, and their revolutionary principlei
fublideit

7V>r.< </c/ lufgo, a large ifland, fepa-
rated fmrn the ioiithcin extremity of
Americji, by the llrait of Magi Man, and
fu called from the volcanos obferved on
it. The i'i'.i iiiteric«JI» it into feveral
iflandi ; all of thern barren and moun-
tainous ; but on the tower grounds are
found feverai for'- of trees and plant!*
and a variety of birds The natives are
fliort in (latuie, not exceeding five feet
fix incheR ; tlu-ir heads l.nge, their fucei
broad, their check lion' h prominency
and their nofen flat. They have little
brown eyes, without life; their hair ia
black and lank, hanging about their
heads in dilbrder, and befmeartd with
trainoil. On the chin they have a few
(hort hairs inftcad of a beard. ThejT
have no other clothing ihan a I'mafl
piece of feal-lkin, hanging from their
Ihodidci-s to the middle of the back,
being fattened round the neck with a
firing. Thtir natural colour feems to
be an olive brown, but they paint them*
ielven with various colours- I'heirarmi
are bows and arrows, and :*arts ; and
their inftrumcnts for filhing are a kind
of fifhgigs. They live chiefiy on leals'
flelh, and like the fat oily part mofl.
There is no ippearance of any fubordi-
iiatiun among them ; and their whole
charadler is a flrange compound of Cu-
pidity, indifference, and inaftivity.

Terracina, a town of Italy, in Cam-
pagna di Roma, with a caftle on a rock.
It is the ancient Auxur, the capital of
the Volfci, and the eathcdral was origin*
ally a temple of Jupiter. Pope Pius vi
built a palace and rciided here during
the fpring and autumn, in order to urge
on his noble undertaking of draining the
Pomptine marihes, which he begun in
1778 and elTciitually completed in ten
ycara< Terracina is feated :.mong orange
and citron groves, near the fca* on the

:|' s

t n «

fr^nttiT^ of N«pk<t 54 m iir. Rom«.
l.ott M n * , Ut 4' 14 M.

Ttrr,iHijy*t, a i% »p<>rl of Siilljr, In V«1
(ii Noi«)f t'^moiii fl>i iht' rKp'>rt of (ill-
phur ; tc*ttcd nrar Ihr mii(ii)i tif a river
of the l;iinr naiiif, 46 m www Noto-
Lon 14 n », bt '"• 5 N.

Tfrntntvii, 4 friiMui of ^.trdini 1, on a
Kiy on I he Mr co.tlt. 61 m kNi 8jir«ri.
Lon. (> .15 >' I )«t 41 J ^

Ttrrmjjon, » town of Fr^nrr, If thu
<1rp.irtnuiit of putdogiK*, Icatckl on th<^

'I'l-rtfni:!!-, n t<»wii of N«*w 8p»in,
in the province of Sonora, 60 in m
Arifpf.

TtrriHon, t,oeh, an iiifct of the fea, on
the w coiift of Scotliuwl, in Kolklliirr,
between Oairloch niid Applecrofl. It
ha* many crrrh* and t),iyt.

Ttrriorf, a (hong to.vn and fnttr«'f»
of Hmtioofl.in, hi the CarnjtiCt 35 in n
Tritchinopoly.

T^r/'ih., or 't'uf/iij'j, a city of P<rfi.i,
In Chor.iliiii, cotitainiitg ahoui 30,00 ?
inh.d)ilanti. I'he chief trade it in iron,
wrought in thick plates; in iitdi^'o ard
other drug* broii>;lit from tho w, and
wool, cioilin, nnd rice Irotn llt-i .c It
in I Mo m WNW Herat, and 180 s i>y a
M.-lched

Teruel, a city of Spain, in Ar.ipnn,
and a bilbop's («-e, with a citadel. It i«
li'.ited in a k'rtilc plain, at the cnnilux
of the Onadalquivcr and Alhand)ra, 75
m ftw Sarag(<ira, and iia k Madrid.
Lon. o jA w, lat. 40 33 K.

Tervere, or A</re, a fortified fcjport
of Holland, in Zeal.md, on the np. coafl
of the ifli' of Watcheren. It hai a good
harbour, and a fine arfenal, 4 m n by fc
A'liddlcburg, with which it communi

or of that

T R T

p3it whieh

it immcitittf'

»

cnteh by a canal. Lun. 3 4) (;, lat. 51
36 N.

Te/chen, a town of Moravia, capital
of a circle of the fime name. It is fur-
rounded by a wall, and at a little dif-
tance it the old caOle, on an eniintncc,
where the ancient dukes rj'fided. The
inhabitants carry on a trade in leather,
woollen Aiifiii, and wine ; and make ex-
cellent fire-arms. '1 liis town was taken
by the Pruflians in 1757, and rcftoied in
1763. In 1779, a treaty of peace wat
concluded here between the tmpcrorof
Germany and the king of Prudia. It
is feated 4n a moraft, near the river
Elfa, 36 m ESE Troppau, and 60 e by
N Oiinutz. Lon. 18 33 e, lat 49 43 n.

Tefegdeltt a town of Morocco, Itatcd
on a craggy rock, faid to be impregna-
ble, at the mouth of ti.e Techubit, 140
m WNW Morocco.

Tfjt99 L9omb90f the capital of Tibet,

fulijeOt to the Tilhoo Uoia. who i(r<i.
vrtriKn of Ihr cixintry diirlriK the itii.
nmity of thr gr.intl bma The Irmplti
and manlotrunu, wlih iheir numrrixii
Kilded crfnopirt and tnrrrti, antl ih(
paUceof the Ufr.i, reti»lrr it a mt^nifi.
ci-m pUcr. It Oandit at thf m cnrlnt 4
plain, upon a rocky etnnirncr, «i the
••nlraiice of •( nJirxiw dtfilc, llirDiifh
which the river Painom>tchici) floitt,
and foon joint ihr Burramp'tnifr. |t
ii a 30 m HW L.tHa, and 470 n hy 1. Cil-
cult I l.oii- H^ 7 I., lat. m 4 s.

'If /hi, a nfW canton of SwinVrldtid,!)
the w of the canton of Orifon,t, 4n,i
almnft rncircled by Italy It it rich m
p.illiiret and cattle. Ui-llin/uia 11 tlx
capial.

Tfjlno, or Tefm, a river that hji in
fourie 10 Swilleiland, on the t lidc uf
St Ctothard, flowt through ihr cintcit
of Tffin into the lake M.vgiorr, thm
padet to Pavia, in Milanclf, and aliitlr
after j. lint tin* To. j

'J'tjtnot a town of Germany, in tl!»
county of Tyrol. 15 m knk Trfnt.

7'w/c/, A town of Z khar,i, capitii o(j
a diAridt of the fame name. It ii j'o
m SNW T.*fil« t. Lon. 5 45 w, Ui

54N'
'lf/^n,i town of Lower S.ixnny, i,i|

Mecklfiihurg, on the river RakenitM

m «!•. Ki. flock.

Tfi/tiUii, a town of F''//an, f«tt
near a x\\i-Y,a> \\\ KSk. MMirzuiik.

7V//, or Teftt a river in ILimpHiirfj
which riles near Wliitcluirch, flowo.
Stnckhridge and Kumdy, and cnld
the head of the buy of Southamptun,
Reclbridge.

Tftbury, a town in Glouctftirlhi
with a market on Wtdnclday, and
trade in yarn and wool. It it 25 mo
Brillol, and (>9 w London.

TetJ'chen, or 'I'dzen, a town of Bof
mia, in the circle of Lciimeritz, »ii|
a cattle on a rock ; feated un ihc Ellx
39 m St Drcfdt n.

Tettnanx^ * town of Suabia, in a lorl
fhip of the lame name. 8 m n LindiiJ.|

Tftuan, a city of the kingdom of Ffl
with a caflle, anda convenient harbctj
The houfcs are two ftories high,"
at the top, and whitcwafhcd; theyW
only little holes toward iht llr«j
which are very narrow ; and the «
dows arc on the other fide, fiicinj]
courtyard, in which isgcncrallyaM
tain. Some of the women M
ever take the air, excepting on 1
flat roofs ; and the inhabitants du
fing, and take all their amufeinentij
them, having hence a jegular con

ftk'furet are lilk,

TEW

rlcatiofi betwfrii the hour«i. Thr
ffwilh town IX <|iiit(> diitinet from that
ot ihc MtMita I but th« only ditffrrnce
bctwrrn them U. that the flrreta arc
iov*rr(l with a rnnC rxtrnding from ihc
hiiiirr« on rach Atlf. and have the ap-
pr4rance ol iiibt»Tr«ncaii pafljiri. The
mhattitanta are eltirn »rd at Ko,coot one
Coiirth of which nre Jcwa. The trade la
very cittindiTuhle i and the chivf inanij.
r»i.'lure« are filk, carprtn, uiul ni:kt«.
'Yhf cnvlrona nboiind in vini«y.ird» and
girilcnti and thf> fruit* here art* hrtti-r
iiurliirfd than in any other pnrt of tlir
empire Thia ciiy was tlic rcliifrnce of
(i'vrral Fuiopcan conliili, till the year
1770, wh»'n the eirpeior would no
l(iii){i-r pctmit them to rrmnin. It it
fr .It'll on the ri>er St. Martin, luMr the
M<'ilireM:inf.in, 140m nnw Vtz. Loti.
5 11 w.lat. 35 17 M.

1tv€roit, a river of Italy, the anciint
Anil), which rifi-K in the Aiiciinini-H, (o
m uhovc 'I'ivoii, {{lidci through a pUin
till it romca near the town, when it la
(oiitinrd for a tliort (pace b«'tvve*'n Iv^o
hilU, Cdvcri'd with grovra. Thcfr were
i'uppoird to be the refldcnce of the
libyl Alhnnea, to whom an clegnnt tem>
plfhcrcwandcdicated- Thcrivcrmoving
with augmented rapidity, ai ita channel
ii confined, at laft ruOiei over a lofty
precipice; and the nolle of iti fail rc<
round* through the hilli and grovet of
Tivoli, Having gained the plain, it
touii afterward receivea the waters of
the hike Solfatara, and then julna the
Tiber, near Rome. Sec Self<ttaia.

Ttviot, a river uf Scotland, whicli
rifes in the mountains in the sw of Rox<
burglhire, and paHing nk through the
county, unites with the TwM>d a little
above KcUb- The dale through which
it flows takes in fo great a p.irt of the
couitty,that the fhirc itfcif is often called
Teviotdalc.

Teukera,^ loaport of Barb;iry, in Rir-
ka, on a bay ot the Mediterranean, 120
m Whw Dcrna. Lon. 19 40 c> lat.

3 11 5 N.

Teufiitz, a town of Rrandenburp, in
the Middle mark, with a calUe in a lake,
25 m s by K licrlin.

TeufehintZiA town and caftleof Fran-
conia, in the principality of i^anibcrg,
17 m NCulmbach.

Teuju^t a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Pilfen, 30 m nw Pilfen.

Tenukejhury, a borough in Clourcf-
Krlhire, with a market on Wednefday
and Saturday. Here are the remai ns of
a monaftery, and its church now forms
one of the nobleft parish churches in
the kingdom. In 147 1> Edward iv

TEZ

■lllli brre • drtlrtve vl^ory nter the
LllllMirUn«. Trwkctbiiry hi* manu*
faAure* of nails, cotton ftoikinR*, and
miirtard, <uid a ('onHderabte tiule In
malt. It is l<Mifd on the Avon, near
iin union with the Severn, in m M
Oloueencr, and 10 1 wnw l.nrulon.

'I'fxat,* I. irgt! province ol New Spain.
In the iiiidiencc of Mrxiro \ bmiiifteil
on the N ind k by Ltuiili ui.i, « by thu
gulf|of Mexico an«l NfwI.eini, and w by •
Cohahuila. It«extrnt i» .ibout 700 m in
N Mr and ?flo in breadth . i« inhabited by
infinite nation*! of Iniliini, ami at pre*
lent ha* but lew fettliment*. It m well
walrri'd and wnmly, and nbotindi with
wiUI hoi leu. The ca^)itali<« St Antonio,
'I'txfl, an illand ot N Holland, I'epa-
riled from tin- continent by a narrow
channel ol the I .me name, dckndrd by
a ftrong fort on tlx* mimUnd, culled tho..
Ilrlder I hi* eh innel is the belt and
mud loiiihern cntranci* into the /iiulcr
-/ee, and through it UK'll of the Ihipt
pafn that ure bound to Amftrrdam. la
• 79'>, the lort wab laUrii by the tn«
giith} and the whule of the Dutch Hxt,
lying within the ch.inn»-l, lutrrndcn-d
to them ( but the Englilh abandoned
the fort foon ufterward- Lon. 4 59 Ky
lat. <) 10 N.

'Irya, a river of 0<rmany, which
rile* near Tcltfch, in Morivia, flow* k,
by Znaim, on the borders of Aullria,
and enters the Moraw, on i\h cunlines
of Hungary.

Ttyn, a town of Bohemia, in the circle
of Bechin, Icated on the Muldau, 10 m
8h Pi feck.

7',i«r, a town of the kingdom of
Tc/, capital of the province of CujtI.
Here is a mol(:]ue halt a mile in circum-
ference It is (catcd on a Imall river,
45 tn B Fez. I. on. 4 15 w, iat. a 40 m.
'l'fz.(uco, a city of New Spain, in the
province of Mexico, formerly one of
the moft populous and celebrated, and
Hill has fome magnificent buildings.
Here Corttz caufed a canal to be dug,
and built iH brigantines to cany on th«
Time of Mexico. It has woollen and
cotton manufa(Jlures, and ftand* on the
river and near the lake of its name, 16
m K N K Mexico. See Mexico.

Tezela, a town of Algiers, in the pro-
vince of Malcara, with a caltle, 15 ra
5 w Oraii.

Texout, a town of the kingdom of
Fez, fcatcd on the point of a rock, 15
m s Mclilla.

Tezzouif, a town of Algiers, in the
province of Conftantia- Its ruins ex-
tend 10 m in circumference, among
which are magnificent remains of city

'I'm

< I

1

Til A

ftte<» an amphithcaire, a temple de-
dicated to£rciilapiii<), and other clegnnt
ftiu>^hire>. It ia t^o m ssw Conllantin.
Thainee, a town of the kiii>;dom ot
TunJH, near the mouth of a river of the
fame name>' i jo m a Tunis. Lun. 1013

8» 'at- 34 50 »*

Thame, or Tame, a river that rite's
near Tnng in Hertlordfliire, croflitj
Bi'ckinghamniiic to the m of Ailefbuiy,
enteri Oxfordlhire at the town (if
Thame, whence it is mvigable for
barges to Dorchcfter, where it joins
the Th,ime8.

Thame, or Tame, a town in Oxford-
Ihire, with a market on Tucfilay, Icat-
ed on the river of the fame name, i z m
K Oxfoid, and 44 w by n London.

T/iainej, ih»* fined n\'.'' in Ureat Bri-
tain, which hasits two fources, the tvi«r«
and I^s, in Gionceftcrfhirc, and form
their jnn^ion in Wiltlhire, a m to tli«:
w of Crick*, .de. Some writers have
continued the name of Ifis to ihc
Thames till it arrives at Dorchelter
and receives the Thame; b'lt this is
an impropriety, being contr.iry to au-
cient and unqueftionable authoritieb.
The Thames pioceeds to Crickbde,
where it receives fevcral rivulets, which
caufe it to widen confiderably in its
courfe to Lechlade ; and beinjj there
joined by the Coin and Lech, at fcthe
diftance of 138 m from London, it be-
comes navigable for vefTels of 50 tons.
At Oxford (in whofe academic groves
its poetical name of Ifis has been fo often
invoked) it is joined hy the Charwcl ;
at Abingdnn, by the Ock ; and at Dor-
cheO.er by the Thame. Faffing by
Wallingford to Reading, it there re-
ceives the Kennet ; and thence pro-
ceeds by Henley, Marlow, Maidenhead,
Windfor, Staines, Chertfey. Kingfton,
and Brentford, in its courii: to London ;
during which it receives the Loddon,
Coin Wey, Mole, Brent, and Wandle,
From Lccbladc to London it forms a
boundary to Oxfordfliirc, Berkfliire,
Buckinghanilhire, Surry, and Middlefex.
From London the river proceeds by
Greenwich, V/oolwich, Grays-Thu-
rock, Gravefend, and Leigh, to the
German ocean, in ^vhich courfe it parts
Eflex from Kent, and receives the Lea,
Roding,Darent, and Medway. Though
the Thames is faid to be navigable 138
m above London Bridge, there are fo
many flats, that, in fummer, the navi*
gation weft'"ard would be flopped,
were it not for a number of locks ;
but the firft lock is 5a m above that
bridge. The plan of new cuts has been
adoptedy in fome places^ to (horten

THE

the nsTigatton; there is one near Lrcii-
hde, and another a mile from Abintj.
don. A Itiil more important under.
taking was effedcd in 1789 ; the June-
tion of this river with the Severn A
can^l had been niatie from the Severn
to Stiond i wiilch canal ix now conti-
nued thence to Lechlade, where it joini
the Th.Tnies ; a diftanctf of above 30 m.
A communication between this ilv.r
and the Trent and Meiley has likewile
been eftecJttd, by a cmal from Oxfoi J
to Cov'tntry ; and ;iTiotli»'r can.d tx-
tentis from this, ;ii .'^raiinlton, to the
Thames at Brenllord, called llie Grand
Jnnilion Canal

Thames, a river of Coniiciflicnt, form-
ed of two principal branches, tiic Sht.
tucket and the (^linahauj;, which invi.'
their j<in<5lion at Norwich. From Uiis
place ihe I'hiiiics is navigable t; m
to I.ong ifland found, which it entcrj
below Is'ew Lv)inlon, forming the fine
barhuur 01 that town-

Thamjbruck, a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in Thuriiigia.on the river Uiiftrut,
3 m N Langcnlal/.a.

Thanet, an ifland compiifinjj^the r.
angle of Kent, being fepavateii irom the
mainland by the two branches of the
Stour. It produces much corn, and
the s part is a rich tra<5t of marlh land.
It cutitaitis the towns of Margate and
RamRgnte, and liiveral villages.

Thnnhaufen, a town of Suabia, on the
river Mindel, 14 m n Mindelheim.

Thafos, an ifland of the Archipelago,
on the coaft of Macedonia, at the (;n-
trance of the gulf of Conteflii. It is i:
m long and 8 broad, and abounds in al!
the ncceflaries of life- The fruits and
wine are very delicate ; and tlieie are
mines of gold and filvtr, befide quairits
of fine marble. The chief town, of the
fame name, has a harbour freqi itcd by
nuTchants- I. on. 24 ^i k, iai. 40 59 n.

Thaxtfd, a town in Eflex, with a
market on Friday. It has a large and
beautiful church, and is leat.d near the
fource of the Chclmer, lo m n by w
Chelmsford, and 44 nne London.

Theakis an iflaid in th ■ Meciitcrra-
nean iea, 24 r; lory and 7 broad, fepa-
rated from t;.c ne part of thai of Ccfa-
Ionia by a narrow char nel. It is the
ancient Ithaca, celebrated as the birth-
place and kingdom of IHyfits Ii forms
prrt of the republic of Seven Iflands,
and the chief town is Valthi, which has
a ipacious harbour. Lon. 20 40 e, lat.
38 as N.

Thebaldy a country of Upper Egypt,
now called Said. It is the lead fcr-
tile, and the thinncft of people of any

THI Til O

province in Egypt, being full of de- Thifnuen, a town ol Siiahia, on the
lmt8 ; but celebrated tor the retreat of river Wuttuch, ii5«|n vv Sch;iffhaMlV'n.

a great number of Chriflians, who lived
h«re in a iulitaiy manner. It is now
inhabited by Arabi, who are robbers by
profcirion.

Thebes, the namw of an ancient f ity
of Upper Egypt. It was celebi.;'.cd
for having loo i^atiis, and thtre ;ir<'
many tombs and magnificent n mains
of nntiiiuity. Three villat!(;s, nmi-jd
Caniack. Luxor, and Goumou, atr
felted among its ruins, which ar- hence
calli'd the antiquities of Carn-ick and
Luxor.

'J'/iebes, i" Turkey ; ft-c T/iivn.

Thtmary a town of Fr^nconia, in the

Thiers, a town of Franco, it) tlic tl^-
purtmenl of Puy de Dnnic, with mauu-
fadturrs of pi>p<T, ihn-ad, and cutlrry ;
ffatcd on the lide ot a hill, ii m f. by m
Clermont.

Thioinille, a ftrong town of France*
in the department of Moli-IIe. The
Auftri.\ns hon'lt;iV(led it in 17921 but
were obligod . raife the litge. It it
fcated on tht Molisllc. over which ih a
bridge defended liy a hornwork, ]^m
N M'.iz, and 3^ su Treves.
Thirlmfre \ ioc i.cnihfi-ivatfr.
Thirjk, a borou^:l» in N Yovkfhire,
with ;i inarkot on Mond.iy. and manu-
county of Henneberg, near the river faJtures of coar(i: limns, Cicking, Src.
Werra, 10 m se Mtinungtn. The church wai ereifltd out of the mini

r/iensri-n, a town of Siuthia, capital of of its Itronj; calllc, deftioyed by Henry
a prine'ely county of the lan.e nuirie, in 11. It is 24 m NW York, and no n by

ihi; land^nvate of Niillenburg. It is
fitiMte on the Hcgau, 8 m n GchafF'

hiUll'lM).

Theotlofia ; fee rV«/«i.
Tlmrmui, an ifland of the Archipc
la-'o, i of t he idand of Zia, and near the

w London.

Thiva, or Thebes, a town of Euro-
pean Turkey, in l.india, anda bifhop'i
iee. It is 4 m in circuit, but fo full of
ruins that it does not contain above
40G0 Turkd and Chiiltians. The only

gnliof Engi-i, 12 m long and 5 broad, part now inhabit, d was originally the

Tlic foil is good and well cultivated, caftle, called Cadmaea, from Cadmus,

and it has a great deal of filk. The the founder. It is famous for a fine

principal town, of the fame name, is the fort of white clay, of whi^h bowls for

refidence of a Greek biftiop. Lon. 24 pipes arc made, that dry naturally and

59 E, lat 37 31 N- become as hard as (lone. Here are two

The£ali/, a province of European mofque's, and fevcial (Jreek churches.

Turkey, bounded on the n by \lacc- It is I'cated between two rivers, 28 m

donia, e by the .Archipelago, s by La- nvv Athens.

v.idia, and "W by Albania. It is fertile
to exuberance, and produces oranges,
lemons, citrons, pomegranates, grapes
of an uncommon fwectncfs, excellent
figs and melons, almonds, olives, cot

T/ihiers, a town of France, in the
department of Dordogne, 18 m nne
Perigueux.

Thomas, 6V. an ifland in the Atlantic,
lying un(5er the tquAtor, near the w

ton,chefi:nut«,ixc. Larifla is the capital, coaft of Guinea, difcovcrcd in 1640 by

Thetford, a hoiough in Norfolk, go- the I'ortngueie, to whom it belongf. It

veriieil by a mayor, with a market on is almoft round, abo-.it 30 m in dia-

Saturday. It is (irated on the Little meter; and ccnfifts chiefly of hills, in-

Oufe, which here divides SnfTolk from termixcd with valleys, which are often

Norfolk, and is navigable from Lvnn. filled with a thick foer- The foil is

It hastwoparilh-churches (one of them fertile, and produces plenty of f'l^ar-

on the Suffolk fide of the river) and a canes, rice, and millet. Or: the fam'-

confiJerable raanufadhire of woollen
cloth and paper. The ipring affizes for
the county are held here. It is 30 m
ssE Lynn, and 80 ne London- Lon. o
50 E, lat 52 28 N

vine are bloffoms and green and r;pc
grapes all the year round. The cli-
mate is unwhohibme to f hi; Portngiiel'r,
and few live to a grc;\t age ; but it
agrees well with the origin;il natives.

r/«tt.f, a village of the Netherlands, in and alfo with the cattle, which are

the tenitory «f Liege, 3 m Nwr Spa,
where the French obtained a vlt>ory
over the Auftrians, in 1794-

'/'/»>/, or TieU a ftrong town of Hol-
land, in Gcldcrland, taken by the French
in 1794. It is feated on ihe Waal, 18 m
w Nimegucn.

Th'ulh a town of the Netherlands,
ill Flanders, 10 m x Courtray.

larger and finer here than on the coaft of
Guinea. In 1641, this ifland was taken
by the Dutch ; but they foon relinquilh-
ed it through the inclemency of the cli-
mate. Pavoafan is the capital.

Thomas, St- one of the Virgin iflands,
in the W ladies, with a harbour, a
town . and a fort. It is 1 5 m in circuit,
and the trade is confiderable, paiticu-

*l

%

T H O

larly in timet of peace. It belongs to
the DancR, but tluy riirreiidcred it to
the Englifh in 1807. Loti. 63 :6 w,
lat. 18 IX N.

Thomas, St. the capi'al of the Spaiiifh
part of Guayana, (catcd at the tout ot a
bill, on the right baniv ot' the Oronoko,
where that river begiriH to i'orm its delta
of mcuths. It is fortified, and the cen-
tral and proteifliitg point of the trade
carried on in thefe waters. A governor
refines here, who is dependent on that
of Caracas, and alfo a bi(hop. Lon. 62
55 w, lat. 8 7N.

Thomas, St. a town of HIndooftan,
in the Carnatic, formerly a powerful
city. It is inhabited by weavers and
diers, and noted for making the belt
coloured fluiTs in India. It is 3 m s
Madras.

Thomaftonunt f. borough of Ireland,
in the county of Kilkenny, withacaftle,
and a bridge over tiie river Noire, 10 m
SSE Kilkenny.

Thomafto<wn, a town of the didridl
of Maine, in Lincoln county, with a
trade in lumber and lime \ feated on the
w tide of Penobfcot bay, 30 m e by n
Wifcaflet.

Thonon, a town of Savoy, with a
palace and feveral convents ; feated on
the lake of Geneva, at the influx of the
river Drama, 13 m aw Laufanne, and 16
N E Geneva.

Thorn, a city of W Pruflia, formerly
a hanfeatic town. In the church of St.
John it the epitaph of the famous Co-
pernicus, who was born here. It is
divided into the old and new town, and
has a celebrated protedant academy.
In 1703 it was taken by the Swedes,
who detnolifhed the fortifications. Be-
tween 1708 and lyioit was vilited by
ti;e pla{,ue. In 1724 a tumult happen-
ed here., between the Roman catholics
and proteftants, on account of the ilu-
dents 1^ the jefuits ; and the Poles lent
judr^f.s to try the magidrates for not
fupprefTing the riot, who condemned
the prelident and nine citizens to be
beheaded. In 1793, the king of Pruflta
forcibly took pofleflion of this town,
and annexed it to his dominions. It is
feated on the Viftula, over which is a
long wooden bridge, 67 m s D<intzic,
and 105 NW Warfaw. Lon. 18 42 e,
lat. 53 6 N.

Thorn, a town in W Yorkfhire, with
a market, on Wednefday, fituate in a
marfhy foil near the river Don, ic m
HE Doncafter, and 165 n by w London.

Thornbury, a town in Gloucefter-
Ibire> governed by a mayori with a mar-

TH tr

ket on Saturday. It it 14 n> sw 01»u.
ccfter, and 121 w London.

'I'hornrt/, a village in Cambridgefhire,
6 m Nb Peterborough. Near it was a
mitred abbey, and the nave of the
church is ftill remaining.

Tharney, a finall ill.md in a bay of
the Kiiglilh chaiinel, near the coalt ut
Suflcx, wiih a villipe of the fame name,
at the mouth of the Lavant, 7 m sw
Cliichefter.

Thouihill, a town of Scotia id, in
Dumfri<slhirc, with manufa(^ure8 of
coarfe linen and woollen cloth, liltiate
near the river Nith, 15 m nnw Dum-
frit s.

Thouars, a town of France, in the dp.
partment of Two Sevres. The caftle
of its ancient dukeft is on a rock, fui.
rounded by walls 120 feet high, built of
white ftone. It is leated on a hill, by
the river Thoue, 32 m sk Angers, and
162 sw Paris.

Thrafjion, a town in Northampton*
fliire, with a market on Thurfday, feat.
ed on the Nen, ao m sw Peterborough,
and 73 NNW London.

Three Hills Ijland, one of the New
Hebrides, in the S Pacific ocenn, 12 m
in circuit, lying to the s of MaficoUo.

Three Rivers, a town of Lower Ca«
nada, formerly the capital of that coun-
try, when it belonged to the French.
It is fituate on a river of the fame name,
which, before itsjundlion with the St.
Lawrence, is divided by twoifiands into
three channels. It has two churches, a
convent, a fort, and an hofpital. Nine
m up the river are confiderable iron*
w.»rks. It is 70 m wsw Quebec. Lon.
72 17 w, lat. 46 24 N.

!/'/;«/'», a town of the Netherlands, in
the territory of Liege, feated on the
Sambre, Smew Charleroy, and ij iE
Mons.

Thule ; fee Fula.

Thun, a town of SwifTerland, capital
of a bailiwic, in the canton of Bern,
with a caitle. It is feated on a lake of
the fame name (14 m long and 3 broad)
where the river Aar iflues from it, 15 ra
s by E Bern.

Thur, a river of SwifTerland, which
rifes in the s part of the county ofTog-
genburg, and flows into the Rhine, 7 m
to the ssw of Schaffhaufen.

Thurgau, a new canton of SwifTer-
land, lying along the river Thur; bound-
ed on the 8 by the canton of ^t. Gall,
w by that of Zurich, and n and e by
the lake and territory of Conftance. It
is extremely populous, and the mod
pleafant and fertile part of SwifTerland,

nhirc,
|was a
the

]ay of

|all ut

lame,

sw

M, in

rc8 of

juiiate

iDum.

'■ New

TIB

though fonipwhat mountainous tow.ird
the louth. Ohi' third of the inhabitants
are catholics, and the others are Cal-
viiiids- Frauonfeld is the opital.

T/iurins^ia, a province of Oermany,
in thucirclc of Upper Sixony ^ bonndird
on the B by Midii^, s by Frnnconi'j, w
by Heir*! and Kichfcid, and n by the
duchy uf Brunfwick and the principality
of Anhalt. It is 73 m lone and n<'aily
as much broad, ab'umdinp in corn,
fruit, and wood. It belones to thf;
duk(! of Saxony and li'veral pt'tty fote-
reigns. Erfurt and Langenfiil/j arc the
chief towns.

Thtirles, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Tipperary, divided nearly
into two equal parts by the river Suir,
13 m N by E Cafliel, and 25 w Kil-
kenny.

Thurfo, a borough of Scotland, in
Cuithnefs, at the nouth of the river
Thurli), on the sw fide of a Ipacinm
bay. It has a confiderable trade in
corn and Bfh, and manufadtures of
woollen and linen cloth. It is :i3 m
Nw Wick, and 56 ne Dornoch. Lon.
318 w, lat. 58 36 N.

Tiagaty a town of Hindooftan, in the
Carnatic, 50 m wsw Pondicherry, and
75 s Arcot.

Tiano, a town of Naples, in Terra di
Lavoro, with a famous nunnery, and a
mineral I'pring, 15 m nw Capua.

Tiber, a river of Italy, which iflues
from the Apennines, in Florentino,flow8
through the Eccltfiaftical .State by Bor-
go, St. Sepnichro, Cilta di Caftella,
Orto, and Rome, 10 m below which it
enters the Mediterranean fea, between
Odia and Porto.

Tiberias, or Tabaria, ?i\o\\n of Syria,
in Paleftine, on the w fide of a lake of
its name, called alfo the Sea of Galilee
and the Lake of Genefareth. It is fur-
rounded by walls, has a caftle on an
eminence, and a very ancient church,
called the Houfe of Peter. About a
mile to the s are the celebrated hot
baths of Fmmaus. The lake is envi-
roned by lofty and precipitous emi-
nences ; and along its borders are to be
feen the remains of ancient tombs,
hewn in the rocks facing the water.
Some foundations of the old city are
yet to be traced. It is 64 m kn e Jeru-
lalem.

Tibet, a country of Afia, bounded on
the Nw and n by the del'ertof Kobi, in
Tartary, E by China, s by Aflam and
Birmah, and sw and w by Hindooftan
and Boutan: This country is deemed
the higheft in Afia ; it being a part of
the elevated tradl that gives rile nut

TIB

only to the rivers of India and China,
but alii) to thofe uf Siberia and Tartary.
The length from k. to w cannot be lef«
than 1400 m, the breadth about 500,
but is very uni'qual. It \i divided into
three pans, Upper, Middle, and Lower
Tibet. The Upper lies toward the
Iburccs of the Ganges and IUirram«
pDOter; the Middle is that m which
Lcifia, the capital, is feated ; and the
Lower, that which borders on China.
Little Tibet lies bi-tweui Upper Tibet
and C^'lhpur NotwithHandinir the very
roujjh and fterile ftate of Tibit, and the
fi'vcrity of the climate, from its won-
derful elevation, the inhah'tanij* arc in
a high ftate of civilization ; their houfca
lofty and built of ftone ; and the ult-ful
manufaiMures in fonc dt-gn-e of iin«
provcmt-nt. The principal rxports are
gold duft, diamonds, peails, lambfkins,
Ihawls, woollen cloths, rock fait, muflc,
and tincal or crude hr)rax. The nature
of the Ibil prohibits the progrefs of agri-
culture ; but wheat, peas, and barley
are cultivated. Here are many beafts
of prey, and great abundance and va-
riety of wild fowl and game ; with nu-
merous flocks of fheep and goats, and
herds of cattle, of a diminutive fize, as
well as fmall horles. The Tibetians arc
governed by the grand lama, who is
not only fubmitted to, and adored by
them, but is alio the great objcA of
adoration for the various tribes of pagan
Tartars, who walk through the vaft tradl
of continent that ftretches from the
river Volga to Corea. He is not only the
fovereign pontiff", the vicegerent of the
deity on earth, but by the more remote
Tartars is ablblutely regarded as the
deity himlelf Even the emperor of
China, who is of a Tartar race, does
not fail to acknowledge the lama, in
his religious capacity, although, as a
temporal fovereign, the lama himfelf ia
tributary to that emperor. The opi-
nion of the molt orthodox Tibetians is,
that when the grand lama feems to die,
either of old age or infirmity, his foul,
in reality, only quits a crazy habitation,
to look for another younger or better;
and it is difcoverc-d again in the body
of fome child, by certain tokens known
only to the lamas or priefts, in which
order he always appears. In 1774, the
grand lama was an infant, who had been
difcftvered fome time before by the
Teihoo lama, who, in authority and
fanftity of character, is next to the grand
lama, and, during his minority, adts as
chief. The lamas, who form the greateft
and moft powerful body in the ftate,
Iiave the priefthood entirely in their

'f

'i

TIC
handi. At the head of their hierarchy
are three lamaa : the Dalai lama, who
refides at LaflTa ; the Tcflioo lama, who
lives at Tellioo Loomboo; and the
Taranat lama, whofe feat is Kharca, in
the north. The priollsconlHtiite many
monaitic orders, which are held in great
veneration among them. The moft
numproufi fed are called Gylongs, who
are exempt from lahour, enj\)incd tem-
perance, and interdidlcd all intcrcourfc
with the female i«'X : they ahouiul over
all Tibet and Bontan, notwithflandiiig
the fevrrity of difcipline; fince evciy
family confiftinn; of more than four bnyg
is obligrd to contribute one of ihem to
thi* order ; and it is alfo encouraged by
antibition, as the officers of ftate are
ufually feledtcd from this fedt. Belide
the religions influence and authority of
the grand lama, he ic poflTeflTcd of un-
limited power throughout his domi-
nions. His refidcnce is at a vait palace
on the mountain Putala, 7 m from
Lafla. In 1774^ the Engliih E India
Company made a treaty with the grand
lama. The religion of Tibet, though.
In many refpedts, it difTers from that of
the Indian bramins, yet, in others, has
a great affinity to it. The practice of
polyandry is univerfally prevalent in
Tibet J and one female affbciates with
all the brothers of a family, without any
reftridtion of age or number : the choice
of the female is the privilege of the elder
brother. This extra jrdinary cuftom,
and the celibacy of the priefts, may
have been intended to guard againfltoo
numerous a population in an unfertile
country. The Tibctians prefcrvc entire
the mortal remains of their fovereign
lamas only ; every other corpfe is either
conAimed by fire, or expofed to be the
prot.iifcuous food of beafts and birds of
prey. They have a great veneration
for the cow, and highly refpedt the
waters of the Ganges, the Iburce of
which they believe to be in heaven.
The funniaflea, or Indian pilgrims,
often vifit Tibet as a holy place ; and
the grand lama always maintains a body
of near 3*0 of them in his pay. See
Palte.

Tiburon, a cape at the raoft weftern
extremity of St. Domingo, with a town
and fort, on an open road, oppofite
Port Antonio in Jamaica. It was taken
by the Englifh and the French royalifts
in 1794, but retaken by the French re-
publicans the next year. Loii. 74 3 »
w, lat. i3 35 N.

Tickely, a town of Hindooftan, in the
circarof Cicacole, 30 nailei he Cicacole,
and 70 sw Ganjam.

TIL

TickiU, a town in W York (hire,
with a market on Friday. It had a
caftle and fortifications, demolilhed in
the civil wars, of which fome ruinn
remain. It is 5 m s Doncafter, and
154 N by w London.

Tteondfroj[a, a fort of the ftate of
New York, built by the French in 1756,
on the n.irrow pafla^e between the
lake* Giorj;c and Champlain. It was
taken in 1739 by general Amherft, and
in 1777 by general Kurgoyne, but eva-
cuated (bnn iifttr the corjvention of
Saratoga. It h.id all the advantages
that art or I'tturc could give it; but is
now in ruins, and forms an appendage
to a farm. It is 14 m s Crown Point.

Tide/well, a town in Derbylhire, on
the s confines of the Peak, with a
market on Wedncfday. Here is a well
that ebbs and Hows two or three timrs
in an hour alter great rains ; the water
gufhing from fcveral cavities at once,
for the fpace of five minutes : the well
is three feet deep and broad, and the
water rifes and falls two feet. It is
deemed one of the wonders of the Peak,
ridefwell is 2% miles nw Derby, and
i6o NNW London.

Tidore, an ifland, one of the Moluc-
cas, 16 m to the s of Ternate. It is lo
m in circuit, ^nd produces cloves and
flax. The woods, and the rocks that
furround it, render it a place of defence.
It is governed by a fultan, who poffefles
alfo the s part of Gilolo, and claims tri-
bute from Myfol. Lon. ia6 40 £, lat.

I o N.

Tifl; ftcT/iiel.

Tiea-fing, a city of China, in Pe-tcheli,
which has a great trade in fait. It is
feated on the Pei-ho (at the influx of
theEuho) 90 m from its mouth, and
90 SE Peking.

Tiefs i lee Teijfe.

TiJlL ; fee Tejiis.

Tigre, A province in the ne part of
Abyflinia, 200 m long and 120 broad,
through which paflTes all the merchan-
dife of the kingdom, deftined to crofs
the Red fea for Arabia. Auzen is the
capital.

Tigris, a river of Afiatic Turkey,
which has its fource in the mountain
Tchilder, in Diarbck. It flows by
Diarbekir, Gezira, Moful, and Tecrit,
in which courfe it feparates Diarbek
from Curdiftan ; then enters Irak Arabi,
where it pafles by Bagdad and Corna,
and foon after joips the Euphrates, 35
m above BaiTora.

Tilbury, Eajl, a village in Eflex, near
the mouth of the Thames, e of Tilbury
Fort. In this parifh is a field, called

TIM

Cave Fieldt in which is a horizontal
palTage to one of ihc fpacions caterna

in the ndghbouring partih of Chad well.
Dr. Derhum meafured thrw of the moft
conlidcrable of them, »nd found the
depth of one to bt* 50, another ;•, and
the third 80 U\'t. Their origin is too
remote for inveitigation.

Tilbury, IVeJ}, a village In EfTex, to
the N of I'iibury Fort. In 630, it wai
the lee of billiop Cedda, or St. Chad,
who converted th- Eaft Saxons. When
the Spanidi armada was in the Englith
channel, in 15H8, queen Eiirabeth h^d
a camp here, and lumc traces of it are
vifible. In 17)7, a medicinal f'pring wai
difcovered near.this village.

Tilbury Fort, a fortrel* in EITcx, fitu-
ate on the Thames, oppolitc Gravefend.
It has a double moat, the inncrmod of
which is 180 feet broad; and its chief
Arength on the land lideconlinsin being
able to lay the whole level under water.
On tlie lide next the river is a (Irong
cuitain, and a platform ; on both which,
and the ballions, are planted a great
numbiT of guns. It is s8 m t by s
London.

Tillitrs^ a town of France, in the de-
partment of Eiirt, iix m NK Vcrncuil,
and 12 w Dreux.

Tij^t, a town of Pruffia, in the Li-
thuanian department, with a caftle. It
has aconfiderable trade in corn, linfeed,
butter, checfe, and other provifions. In
17571 it was taken by the Kuflians, but
foun abandoned. In 1807, it was taken
by the French ; foor after which two
treaiies of peace were figned, between
France and Pruflia, und France and
Ruflia, the three iovereigns being here
in perfon. It is fituate on the Memel,
50 m NE Koniglbcrg, and g^, ssw Mit-
tau. Lon. zi i) k, lat. 55 8 n.

Tim*nay a town of New Granada, in
Popayan, capital of a diftrid abounding
in cotton, honey, and cattle. It is
fcated on a river, 100 miles ese Po-
payan. Lon. 75 12 w, lat. 2 14H.
Timbuctoo ; fee Tombuctoo-
Timerycotta^ a town and fortrefs of
Hindooltan, in the Carnatic, chief place
in the diftridl of Palnaud. It is 73 m
SE Hydrabad, and 82 w by s Conda-
pilly. Lon. 79 26 e, lat. 16 20 n.

TimoH, or limoan, an ifland on the E
coaft of the peninfula of Malaya, 30 m
in circuit. It is mountainous and woody,
and produces plenty of cocoa-nuts and
rice. Lon. 104 25 e, lat. 3 o n.

TimoTt an iiland in the Indian ocean,
to the w of the nw point of New Hol-
land. It is 200 m long and 60 broad,
and abounds ia fandal wood, wax, and

TIK

honey. The Dutch have a fort here,
from which they exprlled the Portu-
guefe, in 1613. It is (itna^e at Cupan.
the principal town, on the sw point of
ihe ifland. Lon. 124 o E, lat. 10 21 s.
Timorlautt an idand in the Indian
ocean, between Timor and New Gui-
nea. It is 60 m in circuit, and the s
point is in lon. i.^i 54 k, lat 8 im-

Tina, a town of European Turkey,
in Dofnia, on the river Tis, 37 miles vw
Spalatro.

Tittchaly, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Wicklow, 15 miles m Ferns,
and 21 sw Wicklow.

Tinevelly, or Palamcotta, a town of
Hindooftah, capital of the province of
Tinevelly, at the s extremity of tlie
Carnatic. It is feat«*d on a river, which
flows into the gulf of Manara, 85 m
ssvv Madura. Lon. 77 46 b, lat. 8 42 k.
Tin^-tcheou, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in Fo-kien. It is 580 m 3 Pe-
king. Lon. 1 16 30 E, lat. 25 4S >^'

Tmian, an ifland in the PaciHc ocean,
one of the Ladronea, 12 m long and 6
broad. The foil is dry, and fomcwhat
fandy. Here are many cattle, abun-
dance of fowls, and plenty of wild hogs.
It aifords abundance of cocoa-nuts, pau-
paus, guavas, limes, four oranges, and
bread-fruit ; alfo much cotton and in-

digo. There are no ftreams ; and the
water of a well, fnppofed to be the fame
at which Anfon filled his caiks in 1742,
was found by Byron, in 1765, to be
brackifh and full of worms. "Botlj thefe
officers experienced that the fifli caught
here were unwholel'ome- The princi-
pal inconvenience arifes from the num-
ber of mulkitos, and other kinds of
flies; and there are likewife many ve-
nomous infedts, centipedes, and Icor-
pions. The road is dangerous, for the
bottom coiilifts of hard fand and large
coral rocks. Lon. 146 o e, Int. 15 o n.
Tino, the ancient Tenos, an ifland of
the Archipelago, to the s of Andros,
from which it is feparated by a narrow
channel. It is 15 m long and 8 inroad,
and fubje»5t to the Turks. This ifland
produces abundance of filk, and the
Itockings made of it are very good, but
nothing can equal the gloves which are
knit here for the ladies. The tprtrefis
Hands on a rock ; and here h a bifhop's
fee of the Latin churuh, though the
Greeks have 200 papas or pricfts. The
capital is of the fame name. Lon. 2 j
lo E, lat. ij 40 N.

Tintagel, a village in Cornwall, 4 mile
w of Bofliney. It is noted for the
fplendid remain of a caftle, on a bold
promontory in the Briftol channel, faid

;;M^i--

TI R

to have been tho birthplace of king
Arthur, and ilie feat ot the ancient iluitcB
of C>>rtiwall.

Tinte-rn, a viiliRe n Monmouthlliirfi
on tlie rrver Wye, •; m n '• k CIu p-
ftow. It h^« a nuuin'i''^ ir« '1 ironxvirc,
alfo thf vci.cr.ibic rii'ii'iu dI an al)b»*y,
whicb iN a beautiful fi ccimi i of Outhic
archil ''Ct 'lie

'J'i/ifo, a river of Sp.-i'i, \vhich lilVa in
\\\f province of St villc .nt' ha.« its name
from tbf water bcinp t. .^i! of a yellow
colour. Near its (priii; s it has a pt-tri-
fying qn.ility, no Hlb uli live In it. nor
any plants jjrow on it: banks ; tliclu'
proporticti continue ti other rivulcii
citt-r and alter its natnr. ; for when it
pallc* by Niibl.^ it i< not difVerent fiom
other riverti, and lU m bi:low it enters
th«? bay of Cadiz, at Ilnelva.

Tinzeda a town of Barbary, in the
county of Dual), on thu river Dras.
Lon. 6 13 w, lat. 27 jjo n.

Tiorn, an iJland on the w rmft of
Sweden, 25 m in circuit, and iibounding
in excellent pafture. Lon. 1 1 29 k, lut.
58 o N.

Tipcrat or Tiproy a c >unrry of Hin-
dooflan, in Ikngnl, on the borders of
Birniah. The chief town is C'omill;ih.

Tipperarif, a county of Ireland, in the
province ot Muniter, 60 m long and 40
broad ; bounded on the n by King
county, E by Queen county and Kil-
kenny, s by Waterford, and w by Gal-
way, Clare, Limerick, and Cork. It is
divided into 147 pariihes, contains about
170,000 Inhabitants, and fends four
members to parliament The s part is
fertile ; but the n is rather barren, and
terminates in a row of i a mountains,
the higheft in Ireland, called Phc-
Iem-dhi"-Madina. The rivcr Sure runs
through it from N to s. Clonmel is the
capital-

Tipperary, a town of Ireland, in the
county of the fame name, 13 m w by s
Caflicl.

Tipfa ; fee Tebrfia.

Tirana, a town of Swiflerland, capital
of a dilWdl in Valteline. It contains
feveral hiindfome buildings, but from
the Karrowncls of the ftrcels, and many
ruinous houfes, the general appearance
is deiblatc There are fome rtmaina of
its walls and fortrefs, bu'lt by Ludovico
Sforsa, as a defence againft the Grifons,
%»hodeftroyedthem when they acquired
poflefl^on of Valteline. The ftaple com-
merce coniifts in the exportation of
wine and filk. Near the town .s the
magnificent church of the Madona,
much viGted by catholic pilgrinis. The
.maflacre of the prote|lai>t3 of Valteline,

TIT

in 1 6x0. I»«,(;in in this town. It h
featcd on the Adda, la m sw Hormi<».
Lon 9 58 k, lat. 46 ao N.

7V/v/;, a town of Ali.uic Turkey, in
N.itoli,!, (ituate on tfte Meindcr, 32 m
•sK .Smyrna.

7/r<7/, an illand of Sv'otland. one of
tilt Hl(. rides, lying to the w of Mull. \*
is 16 ni long and ^ broad. The fnrfue
in general i>i low and even, and it it
noted lor us marble quarry, and a hand-
loi'. 1 iiived ot bltle h tIcs.

Tii/ei/iont,n town of the Netherlands,
in ilr.ibaiit, formerly one of the moft
conlideiahle cities in that duchy, bi;^
ruined by the wars, and by a creut fire
in i;oi N«'ar this place the Auftriang
were d< feated in 179a by the French,
who the year following were routed by
the former. It is fcated on the nver
Goct, 10 m KSE Louvain.

Tirnati, a town of Hungary, in the
country of Neitra, fcated on the Tirna,
a6 tn NK Prtfburg.

Tirfchenreid, a town of the palatinate
of Uavaria, fcated on a lake, 10 m s
Egra.

Titer't, the middle or fouthern pro-
vince of the kingdom of Algiers, in
which is a lake of the fame name, form-
ed by the riv.r Shellif, near its Ibrrce.
Toward the n '* ic mountainous and
narrow, and to the s it extends far into
thi* defert. The Anwall mountains on
the river IfTtr rife to a great height ;
biit to the Sb are fome of the highetl in
the whole kingdom, called Jurjuraand
Felizia. The latter are a rocky ridge,
extending about 20 m, and in moil
places inacci-tTible. Here dwell the
Cabyls, an independent fibe, who h,ivr
never been fulidued by the Algerines
This province is the fmalleft and leaft
important. The principal town is Be-
lida.

Titicaca, or Chucuito, a lake of Pern,
in the audience of Charcas, of an oval
figure. 240 m in circuit Many (IrtMnis
enter into it, but the water is \o muddy
and naufeous as not to be drank. It
contains feveral iflands, and on the
largeft, called Titicaca, the moft ipltn-
did temple in the empire was erefled by
Manco Capac, the firft inca.

Tiic/iMd, a village in H;imp(hirc, on
the river Aire, 3 m w Fareham. It had
formerly an abbey; and on its fite
are the remains of a manfion where
Charles i was concealed in his flight
from Hampton court, in 1647*

Titlijbtrg. one of the higheft maun'
tains in Swifferland, in the canton of
Uri, M m to the ssw of AltorfF.

Titfchicnf New, a town of Moravia,

forthefpace of s;

T r. A

ill t lie circle of Prcraii, wlU L'.:ilt aiul
ilfffiiiltil hy K\\\U, 28 rn »'. by n prt-raii.
I'ilMiririn^, a town nl l).iv:ula, ill th«
(lutliy of S.i!/hiirp, I'Mlfd on tin" Sal/a,
JO III "Nvv S»l/hiir;r.

Titti/, a town of H'.njnry^ (••atcd on
tht Tciiri', near its conflux with tlie
D.iiuiHr, 1.1 m KSK p. tdwardcin, and
.4 NNw Iki.s'i ade.

I'luerton, a horoiiph in Devon Hi Ire,
(»ovt'rnfd by a mayor, with a marlvct on
Tiiclilay. It li;i'« lunj; bi-i-n n()fod for
wo'jll'n inamifa»Stiircs, paiticiilarly i<f:r-
li-ys IKr*' aretwochurchcfi; alfoafnt-
fcliooi (founded by a clothier of th«
town) that his .M) rndovvmcnt for tht!
ni.iintenaiicc of 4 fcliolars at Oxibrd,
and 4 at Cambridge Near the old
churcii U th'' remiiii i)f a oaftle, pirt of
which now forms tlic officco of a f\rni.
Tiverton has fiift'fn'd very Icvcrcly by
fire, the lad time in 1731. The number
of inhabitants wa8 6505 in 1801, and
il^i in i3i4. It is icatci! 01. the riv.-r
Ex, 14 m NNE Exeter, and i'm w by z
London. Lon. ^ 38 w, lat. 50 54 n.

Tiumen, a town of Sibe;ia, in the
province of Tobollk, on the riverTurH,
at the influx of the Filchma, 170 m sw
Toholflc.

TivoH, a town of Italy, in Cumpagna
(ii Xoma, and a bilhops f^c. Though
now poor, it boaits of greater i'nTKiuity
than Rome, bcin^ the ancient Tibur,
which was founded by a Grecian co-
lony. It was the f ivorite country rt-fi-
tlcnce of the ancient Romans, as Fref-
cati is of the moderng. TIic catheilral
of St. Lawrence contains the fhrine of
that martyr. In the market-place are
two images of oriental granite, reprc-
fenting the Egyptian deity His. The
adjacent country yields excellent oil.
Near Tivoli is the ruin of the magnifi-
cent villa built by cmptror Adrian, a
celebrated cafcadr, a temple of V'eHa
and another of the Tybil Albunea, a
famous villa called the Villa Rfteme. and
the remarkable lake of Solr'atara- Tivoli
i.'i feated on an eminence, and on tlic
river Teverone, 15 m ene Rome.

TVs;, a town of Peifia, in Mekran,
fitu.ate at the head of Churbar bay, and
at the end of a valley, lurrounded by
liills, 16 m Nw Churbar, and 8o sw
K'dge.

Tizzano, a town of Italy, in the duchy
of Parma, 13 m s Parma.

Tlafcala, a pro* ince of New Spain ;
bounded on the n by Painico, e by the
gulf of Mexico, s by Guaxaca and the
Pacific ocean, and w by Mexico. On
the w fide there is a chain of mountains
for the fpace of 55 m, well cuhivitcU ;

TO n

and thi> V part is an immen.e plain, ric*
vated more than 6000 feet above the
level of the fea. It it fo eminently fer-
tile in frnir, wheat, and maize, that
hence it had the name of Tlalcal.1, the
L.md of Hread. The s part is IcfH fer-
tile, but well .uiapteil for the cultivation
«)f liigar, cotton, and tobacco. Thi«
province contains three remark.iblc fum-
init-t, the l'opoc.i»-pctl, the Pike of
Oii/, d)a, and the Coffrc of Perotc ; the
fiill two an; the moll elevated moun-
t,.inH in New Spain, and the other is a
(e.unark. Pncbia is the capital.

Tlafcala, a town of New Spain, for-
merly a populous city and thi; capital
of the provMic« of the litme name. It
has manuiacturcb of woollen and cotton
articles, and is featcd on a river, 18 m N'
by [•: Puebla.

Tlemfnn ; fee Tremefan.

'I'oba^^o, the moft fOuthern of the
iflands in the VV Indies, and the moft
calkrn except Darbadns. it is 3a m
long and 10 broao : and near the nb
extremity is Little 'I'obago, which is %
in long. The climate is not fo hot as •
might be expedtcd from its fituation lb
near the equator ; nor is it vifited by
liich dreadful hurricanes as frequently
defolaie the other iflands. It is diverfi-
ficd with hills and vales, and equal in
richnefs of produce to any iOand in Ihefe
feas. In 1748, it was declared a neutral
ill.ind, hut in 1763 was ceded to the
Englilh. It was taken by the French in
1781, and confirmed to them in 1783;
but it was taken by the Englifli in i793»
redored in 1802, and again taken in 1 1)03.
The principal place ib Scarborough.

Tobermory, a town of Scotland, in
the ifland of Mull, with a good harbour,
and a cudomhoofe ; feated on a fine
bay, near the nw end of the found of
Mull. I.on. s 59 w, lat. 56 46 v.

Tobol/k, a government of the RuflTian
empire, which comprehends thcgreateft
part of weitcrn Siberia. It is divided
into the two provinces of Tobolik and
Tomflc.

Tobol/k, a city of Siberia, capital of
the government of Tobolfk (formerly
of all Siberia) and an archbifliop's fee-
It is feated on the Irtyfh, oppolite the
influx of the Tobol, and divided into
the upper and lower town. The upper
town, which is properly the city, (tandi
on a hill, on the e fide of the fort, and
is enclofed with an earthen rampart. It
has three wooden churches and a con-
vent ; and in the fort are the governor's
houfe, the archbilhop's palace, the ex-
change, and two churches, which are
all ftone buildings. The lower town

'I

>V...rl-

1 o c

ftands on a nlamt hetwrcn the city and
river. Moll nf ihi* houf'i Ining con-
ftniiffed «f wiHxI. it Wwi rirariy ci>n.
lumcd hy .1 fiir jixuit 17XA; htit it la
now rrhiiilt, and t'hicfly ot ftonr. To-
holtk Cniil, lilts is,ono iriliabit.inti. mid
alimiA the fouitli p,r, t arc Tarl.TH, who
diivc A preat viade on Jhf ri-'cr Ir-
tyfb, and cury their goodi« Ui China.
Thirc arc alfo 1 gnat mi m her of Kal-
miic<. TIh' reft of thf inhaliitant;! are
Kiillians, whnfc anct (tors were htninnd
hitlii'r for iluir crinu'', or inch a« arr
fxiit's themlclves. All thr Chini fe ca-
rav.ms are ohligf d to pifg through this
town ; and all tlic furs furniflKil by
Silnria aic brou>;ht into a warehoiili?
here, and thence fotivardcd to the Si-
berian chaitct-ry, ;it .Mofcow Hcri' aic
many artificers, who want neither tools
nor m;!teri.il» to carry on their tradi'3;
but from thi- cheapnt f< of all thi* necef-
litieM of life, incloleiii'c and lloih prevail
to fiich a degrt e, that it is diflictilt to
get any thing m idc. Toholflc ii iioo
in E by N Mfjfcow, and laou ^- by s

Lon. C'l 35 K,

lat. s8

Pctcrfbiirg

XZ N.

'J'vcnnlirt, a Iarg<* river of Brafd, which
flown in a n direO.ion abovf 900 m, and
enters the efluary of the Para, above the
city of P.iia.

'local, a city of Afiatic Turkey, in
Roimi. Thi- houfex arc handfomely
built, and the ftreefs paved, which iu
ijneoinm.Mi in thele paits; but the town
ni'kts a vtry o.!d appearance, being
built on uneven ground. There iir« two
mggcd perpendicular rocks of marble,
with an old caftle on e.ii-li ; and fo many
ftreams, that each hoiife lias a fountain.
The inhabitants art! computed at 90,000.
There are 12 mdl'iiues, and a vaft num-
ber of chapels ; the Armenians have 7
churches, and the Creeks only one.
The chief trade is in copper veflTels,
but much yellow leather and filk is
manufadurcd. Tocat may be confi-
dcred as the centre of trade in Turkey ;
for caravans cotne hither from feveral
parts. The vicinity abounds in fruit
and excellent wine. It is feated on the
Tozzan, 55 m n by w Sivas. Lon. 36
38 K, lat. 39 55 N.

Tocayma, a town of New Granada,
In a country abounding in fruit and
fugarcanes. Here are hot baths between
two cold fprings; and near the town la
a volcano. It is feated on the Pati,
!it«r its entrance into the Madalena, 34
m w St. Fe. Lon. 73 58 w, lat. 4 5 n.
Tccrur, a kingdom of Negroland,
lying to the e of Tombuftoo, on both
fides the Niger. The capital is of the

TOL

fame name, feated on the a fide of tie
Niger, jao ni k Tombufloo. Lou ^
18 .y, lat. ifi .}» N.

Tadit a ti)wn of Italy, in the dn<hy
of Hpolcto, feated on a hill, near the
Tibir, i» m »•; Spoleto.

'J\if^i{t:hhiin;;, a county of .SwifTerlind,
lying Iwrtwcen the cantonH of Zurich
and Appen/.el, and now included in
the canton of St. (Jail It is a narrow
country, full of fertile mountains, and
abounding in cattle.

'/'oiffrjf, A town of France, in the de-
pirtment of Ain, with a college ; (cattd
near the conflux of the Saone and Cha>
larone, 15 m n Trevoux.

Tokay, a town of Hungary, with a
caftlc. It is celebrated for wine, which
is preferred to all others in Hungary ;
and near it are large fall -works. It
Hands at the conflux of the Bodro^^witii
the Teiflc, 105 m kne Buda. Lon. i,
15 K, lat. 4H K N.

Tolaga l^ay, a bay on the nf. coaftnf
the northern illand of New Zealand.
Lon. 17H 34 E, lat. ^H jt s.

Toledo^ a city of Spain, in New Caf-
tile, of which it was formerly the c.i.
pital, and the fee of an archbilhop, who
is piiTkate of "^pain. it ft.mds on a
conical hill, which is nearly furrounded
by the river Tajo ; and on the land
fide Is an ancient wall, flanked with
J CO towers. There are a great nntnbtr
of fupcrb ftruitures, bcfide 17 p'.'oPc
fquarcs, where die markets are ktpt.
The cathedral it) the richeft in Spain;
the Segrario, or principal chapel, con-
tains 15 large cabinets let into the wall,
full of gold and lilvcr vclTils, and other
works. Here are 38 relii,'ious houf"'.,
with a great number of churches ne-
longing to 27 parilhes, and fume h.if-
pitals. Tl.c inhabitTnts, once eftimated
at aoo,ooo, are now reduced to 15. 000.
Without the town ate the remains of an
amphitheatre, and other antiquities. It
has a royal caftle, a famous univerfity,
and feveral ; anufaiture.* of arms, filk,
and wool. It is 37 m s Madrid. Lon.
3 20 w, lat. 39 50 N.

ToUn, a fortified town of Holland.
in Zealand, in an illand of the fame
name, feparated by a narrow channel
from Brabant. On the Brabar/ fide it
has a fort called Schlyckenburg, 5 m
NW Bergen op Zoom. Lon. 4 so e,
lat. 51 30 N.

Tolentino, a town of Italy, in the
marquifate of Ancena, where the relics
of St. Nicolas are kept. It is feated on
the C'hiento, 12 m sw Macerata.

Tolejburg, a feaport of Ruflla, in the
toverrimeat of Riga, feated on the gulf

TOM

of Finland, 60 m w N.irva. Lon ti 4
t, lat SQ l" "■

To/jU. ;it(>wn of Italy, in thr patri-
mony of St. Peter. Ill thf envirniu arc
wATtn h«th«, mincf) of ulum nml iron,
.-indqiMrricsofalabilleranUlnpiila/uti.
It iv 4 m NK Civita Vrcchia-

'l\)l/)uyt, a town of IIoll;tiid| in Ocl-
Jcrl.in'1, icatcd on the Kh.iio, 8 m R
Hmcgucn-

'I'ollandt a town of Conncif^icut, chief
of the county of its name, wliicli i« a
hilly (iiQriJt, but good for grazing. It
i« iS m NK Hertford.

Totmezo, a town of Italy, in Friuli,
with a cartlc. Near it it an cxttiifive
linen manMfadlure. It (lunds on the
Tanliamcnto, 14 m nw Udina.

folminot a town of Germany, in the
duchy otCarnioU, t» m n Ooritz.

Tolna, a town of Hungary, capital nf
a county of th»' fame name, producing
excellent wine. It is fcitcu on the Da-
nube, 65 m s Buda. Lon. 19 15 k, tat.

46 30 N .

folnani, a town of Ilindoollan, in
th*- country of Biglana, 70 m w Bur-
hampour, and 114 e Sural. Lon. 75 .:j
E, lat. x\ 15 N-

Tolumeta, a feaport of Barbiry, in
Darca, arc;«^titly called Ptolemais ; feat-
edon the Nicditerranean, 80 m w by k
Derna. Lor. »o 40 e, lat. 32521*.

ToUfa, a town of Spain, in Bifcay,
capital of the diftiift of Guipufcoa, ci*-
lebrated for its Reel manufa^ures, par-
ticularly of fword-blades. It was taken
by the French in-1794. It is fr-ated in
a valley, between the Araxis and Oria,
36 m E Bilboa. Lon. 2 5 w, lat. 43

IJN.

TV/m, a feaport of Terra Firma, in
tlie government of Carthag^na ; famous
for its ballam, produced from a tree
like a pine. It is feaied on a bay, 70
m .1 Cartbagena. Lon. 75 a 6 w, lat.

9 .1* N-

Toiuca, a town of New Spain, in the
province of Mexico, at the foot of a
mountain, in a valley abounding in
corn, 25 m wsw Mexico.

Titnar, a town of Portugal, in Eftre-
madura, on the river Naboan, at the
foot of the mountains, where there is a
caftlc belonging to the knights of Chri*^
This town was burnt by the French, on
their retreat, in iXii. It is 40 m s by
E^oimbra, and 65 ne Lifbon.

TombuSloo, or Timbu^oo, a kingdom
of Negroland, which lies to the w of
Bambara, andB of Tocrur. It produces
plenty of corn, coffee, indigo, cattle,
milk, butter, honey, and wax. The
king isdefpotic; and has 3000 horfcmen,

TO N
beflde a grcU number of fool, who fr«-
(jjentlvtake cap'ive-, and (ell them to
the mcrchanis titr llavei. The houfei
are built like bells, with walls of hur-
dler piadcrcd wi'h cl.iy, and covered
with r.fdn. The better fort of women
h.ivc their faces covertd, their religion
bring Moh.imcdanilin. Both men and
women aie fond of dancing, and fpt-nd
.« gt -at p.jrt of the night in that tx-
eri:i(e.

Tombuilo*, the capital of the kingdom
of the fainc name, with a (lately mofque
built of ftone, and a royal palace. It
is faid to be i» m in circuit; but the
houfen being fpicious, and having for
the mod part no upper apartments, the
population is not proportionally great.
Ilcre are miny cotton-weavers, and in-
g(.T." us mechanics. Cloth and other
European merchandife an; brought by
caravans from Barbary ; thcfe arc ex-
changed for ivory, (liAvei, (eiia, gold-duft,
dates, oftriches feathers, &c. brought
from thi! interior and more maritime
parts of Africa. This city is fubjeft to
a well regulated police, and the inhabit-
ants are m general rich. It ftands in a
plain, furrounded by fandy eminences,
12 tn N of the Niger, and 290 enk
Stgo. Lon. I 38 w, lat. 16 35 n.

7'omina, a town of Peru, in the pro-
vince of Charcas, 60 m n k Plata.

Tominit a town on the k coaft of Ce-
lebes, on a bay to which it gives name.
Lon. 119 o E, lat. o ^5 s.

Tomjkt a town of Siberia, in the go-
vern-Tient of Tobolflc. On the higheft
part ftands a wooden caftle, defended
by cannon ; and in it are a caihcdral
built of wood, the chancery, and an
arfenal. The inhabitants carry on a
great trade, this town lying on the great
road through all the e and n parts of
Siberia. Here are all kinds of artificers
and tradefmen, but they are indolent
and flothful. It contains above aooo
houfes, and is feated on the river Tom,
560 m E by s Tobollk. Lon. 84 19 u,
lat. 57 4 N.

Tondern, a town of Denmark, in the
duchy of Slcfwick, whit h is well built,
and has a confiderable trade in corn,
cattle, filk, and fine lace- An old pa-
lace, which was formerly fortified, is
now difmantled and in ruins. It is feat-
ed on the river Widaw, and on a bay
of the German ocean, %% m s by k
Ripen, and 40 nw Slefwick. Lon. 9 40
E, lat. 5458 N.

yon^fa/flAoojOneoftheFriendlyinands,

60 m in circuit. It was difcovered by

Tafman, who called it New Amftcr-

dam, and vifited by Cook in 1773 and

3A

m

i''i,

m

i#

TON

1777, whoUy (It anchor on the <h part |
Aiiit it h4« til' Im n iMitiotir, ur michor-
inf'placci til be fouiiil uinung thclir
in.mda. Thit Unil it low, with many
grnll« riiingt, und very fertile, being
wholly l.iitt out in pl.mt.itioni, with
roaiU or UncK for tr.«vclluv> It ii the
fr^t of yovernmrnt fur all the other
iilindt, and ilie ordinary rcfiihtu'c' of
all the principiilcliicU. Lon. 1/4 .)6 w,
l:it. 11 9 «■

ToHx*rfit, or I'onftrfi, atownofth«*
Nethcrlnndi. in tin- 1 rritory of Lien**.
formrrly one of tht- nmd flounfliiMx
cities in the Uoman province of (JiHi.i
K'luici It has prcally ("uflfi-rrd by wars,
thr Hrft tin\c by AUili, king of thi-
(luni, in 455. and the lal>. l>y the
French, in 1677. It i» (tMttd on the
Jeckar, in vn vw I<ie^«'.

Tongghh a city of China, of tlif firft
rank, 111 Kot-i-tcheou. It is 850 m h»w
Peking. Lon. 108 a7 "i lat. 17 4" >*.

ToHifho, a city of Pi'gii, capital o^ a
province of the fume name, noted or
producing the boft bettle nut- It hat a
iirt, deenr,ed the ftrongeft in th<! Dirman
empire, nnd ii feated near the Setan^,
90 m N Pegu. Lon. 96 45 k, lut- 18

43 "•

Tong'tchangt a city of China, of tiu
flrd rank, in Chang-tong. It is featrrd
near the n end of the Grand canal. 210
■18 Peking. Lon. i\C ii b, bt- 3630 n.

Tong'tchout a fmall city of Chim, in
Pe-tche-li, feated on the Pei-ho, 11 m
I by s Peking.

Tong-tchuent a fortified city of China,
of the firft rank, in the provmcc of Se-
tchuen. The inhabitants are all foldiers.
who have followed the profeflion of
arms, from father to fon. It is 1000 m
■w Peking. Lon. 101 30 e, lat. 25 56 n.

Tongue^ a village of Scotland, in Su-
therlandihire, on the e fide of a bay of
the northern ocean, to which it gives
name, 48 m nnw Dornoch.

Tongu/iantt or Tonguts, a people who
inhabit the E part of Siberia, and arc
fubjeft to the Ruffians. They are pa-
gans, and chiefly fubfift by grazing, and
hunting of fables. They live in huts,
which they take down when they change
their place of dwelling. Tfacfe huts
are made of wooden poles, covered ovt-r
with hair and rubbifii, except a hole at
the top to let out the fmoke. The fire
is in the middle, and they fit round it
upon turfs. Both fcxes are very ftrong,
and broad faced, and they all ride on
horfeback, not excepting the girls. The
men and women diefs alike in a fort of
frock, with boots of (kins on their legi;
and their common drink is water.

TON

TcHHAt % town of Unpri Saiony , tn
■ he principality uf Uullia, 6 in n
Ootha.

Toitnay .^outonnt, a town of France ,
in the dfpartmtnt of Lower ('hinntc,
on the riviT Houtonne, 17 n» n S.nttn.

ToPintiy C/.artnte, a town <»f l''r>iiice,
In the dip.»i'mi-nt of I.owrr Charcnte,
with ;i r.iHi* i fratcd on the ChariMitf,
xrhefort, and 15 nw S.iinlti.
..A/i, a town of i'r.iiu;i>, in l|i«
(ii p trtmrnt of Lot (ttxl CJ.irontir, fcattd
on the Cfaronne, 2 m from it* jiinL^lmti
with th«* Lot, and 7 f MArniuuh*.

Tonnfrre, -i town of I'runcr, in the
depart mtiit of Yunne, faniout for gonj
wineH{ f('.«teil on the Armancon, 27 m
s Troyt», and 102 K Puis.

I'onningtn, a feaport of Denmark, in
the iluchy of Slefwick. It wau fornK-riy
fortified, but the works were demnliih*
ed by order of the king in 1714, a, w.u
likewilL' its cuftic in 17,^4. The harbour
is commodious, and delt-nded by thnt
batteries. It u feated on u peniniiU
formed by the river Eyder, 25 m vaw
Slefwick, and 70 nnw Hamburg, hvn.
9 10 E, lat. 54 30 N.

Tonqitin^ a kingdom of Afia, boumirj
on the N by (^hina, v. by China and the
gulf of Ton(|nin, s by Cochincliina, ^tij
w by Lau. It n 450 m in len^^th, and
380 in breadth in the n, but n.iriuws
to 70 as it appronchesi the s. Toward
China is a large traA of del'crt, nnd ,1
chain of mountains, through which
there is only one pnfTage, delendcd bf
a wall ; yet it is one of the finelt coun-
tries of theealf, for popiiialiun, fcitiiity,
and trade. The extremes of heat and
cold are never ftlt ; for periodical rains,
the vicinity of the fea, the nutnher ol'
rivers and canals, and the widefpread-
ing irrigations neceifary for the cultiva-
tion of rice, all tend to maintain a
moderate temperature, which, while it
is grateful to the human fpccies, is tin-
^ularly favorable to vegetation. Rice
IS the principal produce, of which two
abundant crops are reaped in the year;
and fometimes between thcfe, a crop of
pulfe will be raifcd in three wttks.
Maize and Turkey corn are fuccefsfuliy
cultivated. Potatoes, yams, and other
farinaceous and nutritive plants are
plentiful, and a great vnriety of excel-
lent herbs gtow fpontai.tui.l'/ in the
woods. The ox and bnft'.ilu aio ufwi
both in agriculture ami for food. Horlts
are fmall and of little utility. There
are no camels, fhecp, nor afles ; but
goats and hogs are in abundance The
chief commodities are gold, rauflc, filks,
calicoS) drugs of many forts, woodi for

tonf, in
<• in N

Francf,

h.irrntr,

Siirln.

I finer,

'li.ircntt,

iihtt'i.

. in tlif
M'l fcatcU
j<iiidi(m
i.l.-.
. in tilt

fur giK.J

uii, 17 m

in the

TON

(!/m(» Lick^rcil aii<l carthrn mutft, M,
aiiifcrd, and W(>rm<lccti. Thi* l.ickrri-tl
ware it not inferior lo th«t ot' Jjpui.
The comnirriT dI' T)>ii<|iiin I* ^Irnxll
limited to 4 coalling trtdc ( the irjlouiy
ofKovcrninrni prutiibiting • free inter*
Ciitirrc with ollirr n.ttioi)<t| anl ki'rpin^
loiciK'i Itnp* -it .1 ilin.incc Irom tlu-ir
lurhiiiiti. Tin* CKiiiffr, indeed, .iic
periiiMtrd to -ilceiitl lumc of the rivciti
but ih(-y Aft not fuffcn li to remain Ioiik,
nor.ircthcy .iilovvcd.iiiy lixnl h:»bit.itinn.
Tlio Toiuiuinrlc art* ot a inidtlliiig U.i<
turei atid cU-nn limtH-d, with a tawny
complexion i ilieir facet oval and li.it-
tilh, their nofc» and lips well pro[»ir-
tioncdi and their han hl.u:k, lon)(, ;iiid
coarie. They die their t«'clh hiacit, and
thfir lipit of a bright n-d. They are dcx-
(eroUNi ii^tivc, and ingniioiM, but li.tvc
more aptitudt* for iinitati<>n iliaii iiiveiw
tion i and they are unactpi tinted with
moft of th«' c«)ntriv.inc«.,« that facili-
tate and acct'lerait* m>-chanical opera-
tionii. Silk* and cottons an? the mami-
fadures in which their Ikill appeam
pre-eminent, and in thefe women are
chiefly employed { but there is inch .1
numb«T of people, that many w.mt fm-
ployment, for they feldom go to work
out when foreign (hips arrive. Their
garments are made either of iilk or col-
ton ; hut the poor people and loldiirs
wear only cotton of a Oark tawny co-
lour, and children go n.iked till the age
offeven. Uolh mt-n and wo:ncn wear
turbans, and go barefooted ; pirfons of
cunfequence only wear f.tndaU within
duors. Thdr houl'cs arc fmatl and low,
and the walls either of mud, or hurdled
daubed over with clay. They have only
a ground floor, with two or three par-
titions, and each room has a fqiiare hole
to let in the light. They have rtools,
benches, and chairs ; and on the lide of
a table is a little altar, with two iiic< nl'e
pots thereon, which nohoufc is without.
The country abounds with villigi't),
which conlift of 30 or 40 houl'cs, fur-
rounded by trees ; and in fome placta
arc banks to keep the wattr from over-
flowing their gardens, where they have
oranges, bctcU, pumkins, melons, and
falad herbs. In the rainy li::»ron, tVom
May to Auguft, tliey cannot pal's from
one houfe lo another, without wa <ing
throui^h the water, but fomctimes they
have boats. The Tonquinefe in genrral
an; courteous to ftrangf rs ; but the grrat
men are haughty and ambitious, the
foldiers infjlent, and the poor thievifh.
They buy all their wives, of which the

5;reai men have Icvcral. The men arc
i) addicted to g ming, that when every

TOP

thinf fife is loO, they wilt (i ike their
wives .nd childrirn I and in hod limet
Ihry Will |. II ilii-nt to buy mcc to m^in*
taoi ihi' rifvlvtn The tirlt luw tn .on
tint happcna after the middl" uf Janu*
■ry is ii great fiMtival, when ihi*y r^oict
fur l<-n tlayi lO|(ctheri and tin y have
aii. th'T grrat foaft in May or June,
when their I'trlt harvclt i< got in. Thrir
ri-li|<ioii ii piganilin. and yet they own a
Supreme Ucin^. Th<*>'' ii!<>U )«ave hum iii
llia|n «, but ill very dilUrcnt fi»rin» ; they
h4ve likrvife lomt* r« I'l nbliug rlcphani*
and liorle*, pljced in fiTLill low templet
built of timbir. The language is very
guttural, and ft)me of thf womU are
pronounced through the teeth it hat a
great rcfcniblance to the Chinefc, and
the characters are the fame ( ami likt
them thi'y write with a liar pencil Thit
kingdom about the b<yinning of th«.
prclcni century became tubjret to Co*
chinchilla. Cichao is the capital.

ToHjbtrg, a feaport of Norway, in the
province of Aifgerbuys. It has lome
commerce in timber ; an<1 nt ar it is
Widioe, th- moft coululerabie faltsvorlc
in the kingdom. It h leateil on a biy*
46 m !> (JlirilUana. Lon. 10 14 i, lat.
58 50 N.

Tofturu, a town of Ilindoodan, in
Myforc. formerly a city of great extent,
nit appears by (time rums of the walls.
Here are three lenplcs in good prefer-
vatioii ; and near it i.i an immenfe tank,
or rclirvoir of water, b<twecn two
rocky hills. It is 10 m N Sc japa-
tam.

Toobouait ^m iflind in the Pacific
ocean, difcovercd by Cook. It is not.
in any direction, above A m over, but
there arc bills in it of a conliderable cie-
va'ion, covered with herbage, except a
few rocky clifts, with patches of treef
intcrfpci ad to their fummits. Il i'< plen*
tifully Hocked with hogs and fowls^
and produccrt various fruits and roots.
Lon. 149 2:j w, lat. 23 ■:5 s.

Toontr/ibbee, a town of Nf w S Wales,
feaied .t the head of the harbour of
Port Jack on, 15 m w by K Sydney.

Topel^ or Topi, a town of Bohemia,
iu the circle of Pilfen, at the fourcc of
a rivulet of the fame name, aj m nw
Pillen.

Topi-t'ma, a town of New Spain, in the
province of Mechoacan, at the mouth
of a river, near the Pacific ocean, 55 na
NW Zacatula.

Toplitz, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Leutmcrilz, celebiated for its
warm baths. Near this place the Auf-
trians defeated the Pruffiansia 176%. It
is 16 m NW Leutineritz.
i K %

m

it

fsi

TOR

Tn^oHi-n, * town of Fiimp^tn Tur

/4i>4/'«««»* town of Hun|«r]r« 6«

T^^/httm, « fi-aport in DvvnnfMrr,
with « market on A«iiirti.iy. ilrrr \% a
rpAcioiu mui cunvcnifnt ^\\\^f, lirlonff-
inf to th« cit^r of Enrtri , nf which thil
tovrn ii th** port, \foft of Ihr iiihthil*
ant* »rt rniploycd in thi* (liippinK huH*
n"ri. It i« icAtrd at the h^ad of the
rftuary of the Kx, 5 m 11 Exeter, anil
1 7n tw (<ondon.

7'or, 1 lcap«)rt of Arabia, with a roo<1
h.irbour dcffndrd l>y a calHc. Ifrro it a
(irrrk convi*ntt in th« r'>i'(t<i* ^^ which
are founlaim nrhittrr water, prrtrndeil
h» be thofr that Mofc* n-ndrred fwfet,
hy ihrowlnij in a piece of woo«1. ft
fttiwli un the w flJe of the prninAila
formrd by thr two arma of the Rod feat
150 m KK Suck. Lon. 33 40 a, lat.»8
10 K.

Torkay% a bar of the Knglifh channel,
on the coaft of Dcvonfhirc, to tho k of
Dartmouth, formed by two c.ipi'a, call-
ed Berry Head and Bol> Nv)(r. Here
the prince of Orange landed in i6flB,
when he cam*" from Holland, to prHerve
the country from popery and arbitrary

[>jwcr. The • point, Bt-rry head, it in
on. ^ xt w, l.lt. jO 24 N.

Torbia, a town of Piedmont, in the
county of Nice. Hire ii an ancient
Gothic tower, and in the environn arc
many remaina of Roman munumcnti.
It is 7 m B Nice.

TorboU, a town of Italy, In Trentino,
14 m SE Trent.

Torettlot a town of Italy, on a fmall
in.tnd of the fame name, in the Rulf of
Venire. It hai feveral churches, and
an elegant nunnery ; and it 7 m N
Venice.

'J'orJa, or Torenburjf, a town of Tran-
fylv.'.nia, famoua for ita falt-work«, 15
m wNW Claufcnburg, and 48 nw ^Kt-
ir..ui(ladt.

TorJf/Uas, a town of Spain, in Leon,
with a palace, where queen Joan, mother
of Charles v, ended her melancholy
days. It ia Icated on the Donro, 15 m
8w Vallndolid, and 7.S ssK Leon.

Torfe, a town of Hindoolt.in, capital
of n circar in Bengal. Iti8 735mwNw
Calcutta. Lon. 84 55 *=» lat 23 3^ "•

'J'orello, a town of Spain, in ('ata-
lonia, where a battle was gained iiy the
French over the Spani.irda, in 1791. It
18 feated near the mouth of the Ter, 19
n> E by s Gironna, and 60 ne Barce-
icnn.

Torgau, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Mifoia, with a eaftlc It is noted for

TOR

weellfnt beer, and hi» rT.aniifa/>tire«ni
lilk and cloth. Hrrr the kinx of I'rulTl i
obtained • great vidlory over iht Auf<
trian* In \yf\n. ti Hand* among gfo«r«
and Ukc*. on thf river Kllx', 11 m mi
Wittcnbertf, and ill unw Meifrcn.
Lon. I J \ %, lat. 51 it N.

Ttrigny^ a town of France, in tlie
department of Manch<>, with a caftir,
7 m •• .St. I'O'

Tormti, a river of Spiin, which rifci
in the mountalni of Avda, in Canilr,
pafTn by Alva. Torme«, and Salam incA.
and joint the Douro, below Mirande
de D.)uro.

Torna, a town of Hungary, capital
of II county of the fame name, with a
c«ftlr. Ft II Ceatcd on an eminence, hy
the river Sayo, aa m w CalTovia. Lon.
ao 4) R, lat. 4I 50 N.

Tornta, a river of Sweden, which rifei
on the bnrderi of Norway, formt a lakr
of the fame name, and llowi a a into tbr
gnlf of Htithnia, at Tornea.

Tornea^ a IV'aport of Sweden, In W
Bothnia, with a good harbour. It iia
place of fomir trade, for the I^apljitdfri
in thofe uartt come and exchange their
fkint and other article! for what they
want. The hnufet are low, and the
cold f>f ievere, that lomctimet people
fofe their ftngeri and toci. In the vici'
titty it an entire muuniain of iron orr
It it feated on the river Tornra, at tin
N extremity of the gulf of Bothnia, 16',
m NK Uma. Lon. 34 11 c, lat. 6j 51 n
Toro, a town of Spain, in Leon, feat-
ed on a hill, l)y the river Dniiro, ovrr
which it n bridge, ae n\ ene Zanooru,
and .^o NNE Salamanca.

fororit a town of European Turkey,
in Macedonia, fitiiatcona neck of land
between the gulfs of Monte Santo and
Caifandra, 90 m sb Salonisa. Lon. 14
10 r, lat. 39 ;8 K.

Torifucy, a village in Devonfliire, near
the N fide of Torbay, 7 m se Newton
Bulhel. It has a neat range of buildingi
for fommer vifitort, who may here en-
joy convenient bathing and a lomantic
iitualion. Near it in a fingubr cavern
called Kent»-hole, which iifull 20 yard*
long, and in no part more than au feet
high.

Tor/fufmada, a town of Spain, in
Leon, It-ated on the Arlanza, 14 m t by
N Palencia.

Torre del Greco, a town of Naples, ir.
Terra di Lavoro. It was deftroycd by
an eruption of Vefuvius in 1631 ; and
by another \n 1794. It Oands on the
lava that covers the former habitations,
and on the bay of Naplet, j m se of
that city.

T4rrt it M»in»rv4, a town of Pt>r>

filial, in Tr4 !<>• Motilrt, lnrtouiul^U
by A wall, .ind (tclrtutctl by « iuniun
4ii>l 4 (-«m<'t a ; m »• Mtr.trulrU, ami 4 1
««w HrdKJiir.4

/•rr# ir Afi Sa/inaj, a town of Spain,
in V.tlmcU, iu'4r thr ctxid of thr Mr*
4ilcrrjrie«ni which cirriet uri 4 Knat
trado in ikttt prrH'urvd from 11 tiiijll
Ulte formed l>y fillnr' fpririt;* I'hiii it
the molt conlidi t^blr l.il(-worl( iti »lt
tipiin. It ii 10 m »t. OngucU, and j;
KMB Cdtihagcna,

Tttffto, a town of Spain, in Kew
Caitilc, I j m « Mad I id'

Ttrrttmitha, A town of S^,iin, in Ei>
ircciadbra, 10 ni > !>/ w Mfrida.

1'orra, ■ town of Spaiii, in Granada.
liMtcd on the Mcditcrkaaratii 45 m »w
(inntih.

Torrti Sov0t, a town of Portugal,
in Ellrcmadura, with a caftl«i fcmcd
in a fertile plain, ]6 m n by »^ S^ntaren.

'Vorrn Vedrat, a town ut Portugal, in
Kitremadura.with a ciillle((lrongly f«at*
ed near the Atlantic, a; m n Lifbon.

TorrtitimtHOt a town of 8pain, in An*
JaluQa, 9 m w by N Jten.

TorrUjft, a river in Dcvunlhire, which
rifei ua the i'ummit of a high moor,
within a few yardsi of tht* fourcc of the
Tamar, not far from the BriAol chan-
nel. It Rows ti. to Uatherly, and thvn
receiving the Oak from ()akh.impiun,
turiii fhort to the n, and pifKng by
Torringtun and Hiddeford, enter* the
Briitol channel, at fiarnlLble bay.

Torriglia, a town of the territory of
Genoa, 14 m nk Genoa-

Torr$nfft$H, a town in Devonfhire,
governed by a mayor, with a market on
Saturday. Jt hai two churches, a ma-
nutadure of ftufTs, and fome rem.iins
ofacaille. It isft-atrdon theTorridge,
It m t by w Barnftablc, and 194 w by s
London.

Torjhtk, a town of Ruflia, in the go-
vernment of Tver. The inhabitants
chicHy fublift by the fale of very neat
articles made of red, yi;llow, and green
Turkey leather- It is featcd on the
Tverza. 38 m nw Tver.

Torjhallat a town of Sweden, in Su-
dermania, on the river that flows from
the lake Hielraar to the Maelar, near
its entrance into the latter, 53 m w by k
Stockholm.

Tartth, the principal of the Virgin
iflandt, in the W Indies, 18 m long and
7 broad. It belonged to the Dutch, who
built a ilrong fort, from which they
were expelled by the Englilh in 1 666.
k producea exceUent cottoo, fugar, and

TOR

rum. Thtf harboar is at the 1 end of
the ilhnd. f.on. ij o w, lat. il 1 j ».

'i'vriotKi, a town ut Italy, in Miiaiiefc,
with A good citadel on an cminrnvc It
was taken by tl.c allies tu 1744. by the
Spinur.lit in it^j, by ibr Frrnch la
1796, by (he K.illt.vtt jnd Aurtn.ins in
tm^, and rcgat.ud by the I'rcnch th«
fan»c year. It is leated on the Scrivia,
4' m » by w Milan. Lon. 0 jl a, lat.
44J4 w.

T«rtorti/a,»town of N.iples, in Prio*
cipito Ciita, ) m MK P(ilic4(tn>.

Tortfiti^ a town of Sicily, in Val dl
Dimona. i,j m tw Pattl.

'/'oricjii, « ctty «»f Spain, In Caulonia,
and a bifhop's fee, with a univrrAty
and a cit.ulel. It is divided into the
old and iicw town, both fuiroundid by
modern fortifications. I'he mtrMnco
is over a large bridge of boats, on the
river £bro, whofe head is fortified. It
has a great number of churches and
religious houfci ; among which the ca-
thedral, the royal college of Domini-
cana, and the convent of the ('armelltes,
are the moll r«markable. It is fituate
in a country fertile in corn and fruit»
and abounding with quarries und mines
of filver, iron, alab.iftei-, jafper of di»er»
colours, and (hines with veins uf gold.
Here is a great deal of lilk and oil, und
very fine pt)ttcru ware, which refemblea
porcelain. In iHi 1 itfurrendcred to the
French. It is ftatcd p.irtly on a plain,
and partly uti a bill, 48 m sw Tarra*
gonu,and 96 sk SaragolFa. Lon.o 35 E«
lat. 40 48 N.

7'or/o/a,a town of Syria, with acaftle.
It is lurrounded by lofiy walls, .ind
ftands near the Mediterranean, 35 m
NNK Tripoli.

Tortiif, or Tortu/fa, an iiland of ihe
W Indies, near the N coall of Hifpa-
niola, fo named from the great number
of tortoifes found on fttid near it. Here
the Fn-nch bucanieri ufed to fortify
theini<.-lves. It il 20 m long and 4
broad ; the N fule is mountainous, and
abounds in wild boars, but the s is very
fertile. The chief place iiCayona, de-
fended by a fort ; and it has a iafe har>
bour, At for large veilcli. Lon. 7a 44
w, lat. ao 4 N.

Tortuj^Of or Sal Torluga, an uninha-
bited ifland near the coaft of Terra Fir-
ma, 60 m w of the ifland of Margaretta,
and about 26 in circuit. There are a
few goats on it; and the tortoifes come
upon the fandy banks to lay their egga.
At the E end is a large i'alt pond, where
the fait begins to kern in April ; and
for fomu month! after (hips come bcre

to lade i'alt. At tlie .vr end in a rmull
harbour wiih frefti water. Lon. 65 a6
w, Ut. II 6 N.

f'J'oja,n feaport of Spain, in C»taloni;«,
on a b:iy that forma a good harbour.
It ii budt pa*'tly on a pUin, and partly
on a itfep hill that proUds into the feu.
On the lop of the liill is a ftrong cita-
del, with othi-r fortifications. It is 37
m NE Barcelona. Lon. a 54 £, lat.
41 4* N

Tojcaaella, a town of Italy, in the
patrimony of St. Peter, 35 m n Rome.

To/ena, Aiown of Sw»;den, in W Goth-
land, 20 m vv N \v Uddevalla.

Toj.oi a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
>Iatolia,wiih leveralhandfomemofques;
fcated on the lide of a hill, «5 m ne
An^ura.

Tojjot a town of Sweden, in W Goth-
land, 4s m NNE Uddi'valla.

Toji, a town of Silefi.i, in the princi-
pality of Oppeln, with a cattle, 25 in
USE Oppelii.

Tojler, or Sujhr, a city of Pt rfia, ca-

fiital of Kufiftaii, on the rivir Karoon.
t was once a celebrated city, where
the kings of Pcrlia had a magnificent
palace- In fcripture it ib called Shuihan,
and the river is named Ulai. The
houfeb are good, and principally built
of ftone, but the ftrcets are narrow and
dirty. The ir." abitants, Perfians and
Arabs, exceed 15,000} and they have
manufaftiires of filks, ftuffs, .ind rich
cloths. It isigom W3W Ifpahan. Lon.
48 58 e, lat. 31 40 N.

Toinefs, a borough in Devonlhire,
governed by a mayor, with a market on
Saturday, and « nianufadture of ferges,
&c. It had formerly a cattle and walls,
and two gateways are yet ftanding. It
is leated on the fide of a hill, by the
river Dart, 27 m sw Exeter, and 196 w
by s London.

Toitenhanii a village in Middlefex,
5m N London. Here are three almf-
houfes ; one of them founded in 1596
by Balthazar Zanches, who was con-
fectioner to Philip 11 of Spain, and
the firft who exercifed that art in this
country.

Tottinf[ton, a town in Lancafliire,
noted for its trade and manufadlures.
The inhabitants were 5917 in 181 1. It
IS 4 m wNw Bury.

TouU 3 fortified town of France, in
the department of Meurte, and lately a
bittiop 8 fee. The cathedral and iate
epifcopal palace are bandfome ftruc-
tures. It 19 feated on the Morelle, in a
plain almoft furrounded by mountains,
j(3 m w by s Nancy > aod 34 W8W Metz.

TOU

Toutoniha, a town and fortrefs of Ilin.
doottan, in the province of Monliuii,
feated on the Ranvee, 50 mENiiMoiillan.

Toulon, a fortified city and feaport of
Fr.mce, capital of the department of
Var, and lately an cpilcopal lee. It is
divided into the old and new quarttr:
the firft, which is ill built, has n(>thiiif>
remarkable in it but the Rucanx Arbrcs
(a kind of mall) and the townhouft;
the other contains the magnificent
works conftrn<fted by Lewis xi v,many
fine houfeii, and a grind oblong Iqiiare,
lined with trees, anil ferving as a parade.
The old and new harbours comimmi.
cate with each other by meauH of a ca-
nal. The old haven has a noble qu.iy,
on which is the townhuufe, and it irpru-
tetfted by two moles, begun by Henty
IV. The new haven was conftru(5ted
by Lewis xiv, as were the foitiiioa-
tiona : it contains an arfenal, a mpf
walk, a park of artillery, dock-y.iruii,
bafins, and every thing to be cxpedlcd
in the ftcond port for mtn of war in ttiij
country. The galleys, transferred Ikhu
Marfeillea fome years agov occupy a
bafin in the new port. Many of the
gallcy-flaves are artiians, and fome mer-
chants : they no longer llcep on board
the galleyH, but are accommodated on
fhore, in a vaft building ereftcd for the
purpofe. Both the old and new port
have an outlet into the outer road or
harbour, which is 10 m in circuit, fur-
rounded by hills, and the entrance de-
fended by a fort and batteries. Tou-
lon is the only mart in the Mediterra-
nean for the re-exportation of the pro-
du«5ls of the £ Indies, in 1706 it was
bombarded by the allies both by land
and fea, by which almott the whole
town VI as demoliihcd, and fevcral fliips
burned ; but they were at laft cb!ij:(d
to raife the ficge. In 1721 it expe-
rienced the dreadful ravages of a pidi-
lence. In 1793 it capitulated, iii the
name of Lewis xvii, to the Britilh,
who, not finding the place tenable, eva-
cuated it the fame year. Toulon is
ii'ated on a bay of the Medittrraiiean,
37 m sE Marfeillcs, and 517 sst Pirib.
Lon. 5 55 E, lat. 43 7 n.

Toulottfe, a city of France, capital of
the department «)f Upper Garonnej and
an archbifhop's fee. It contains 60,000
inhabitants, and is the moft confiderabie
city in France, next to Paris and Boar-
deanx, though the population bears no
proportion to its extent. It was tb:
capital of the Tcaofages, who made h
many conquefts in Afia and Greece.
It was next a Roman colony, and fuc*

TOU

cfffivrly the capital of the Vifigothi
(who deftroyed the fuperb amphithe.
atre, of which there aru Itill Ittine re-
mains, tlie capitol, und other Roman
monuments) and that of Aquitaine,
The walls of the city, as well ay the
hoiifes, are built with brick. St- Su;-
phtn's, the metropolitan church, would
be incomparable, if the nave was equal
to the choir; and the archbifliop'a pa-
lace is magnificent. The townhoufe,
a modern ftrudture, forms a perfcdt
fquarc of 324 feet, and is 66 hiph : the
principal front occupies an entire fide
of the grand iquare, called the Place
Royale. In the great hall, called the
Hall of illuflrious Men, is the ftatue of
the chevalier Ifaure, and the bufts of
all the great men to whom the town
has given birth. Touloule, communi-
cating with the Atlantic by the river
Garonne, and with the Mediterranean
by the canal of Languedoc, might have
been a very commercial city ; but the
tafte of the inhabitants has been prin-
cipally for the fciences and belles lettres.
The little commerce they have conlifts
in leather, wool, drapery, blankets, mig-
nionets, oil, iron, mercery, hardware,
and books ; and near it is a manufac-
ture of indigo, from the woad plant.
The bridge over the Garonne, equal to
that of Tours, forms a communication
with the fuburb of St. Cyprian. Tou-
loufe is 125 m SE Bourdeaux, and 350
I by w Paris. Lon. ? 26 k, lat. 43 36 n.

Touff a town of France, in the de-
partment of Puy de Domt, aims Cler-
mont.

Tour la Blanche, a town of France, in
the department of Dordogne, 15 m nw
Perigucux.

Tour du Piny a town of France, in
the department of Ifere, on a river of
the fame name, 24 ms Vienne-

Tour de Roujillon, a town of France,
in the department of Eaftern Pyrenees,
on a hill near the river Tet, 3 m e Per-
pignan.

Tour la Ville, a town of France, in
the department of La Manche, cele-
brated for its manufadlure ofglafs. It is
frparated from Cherburg by a river.

Touraine, a late province of France,
bounded on the n by Maine, e by Or-
leanois, s by Berry, and w by Anjou
and Poitou. The river Loire runs
through the middle ; and it is, in gene-
ral, a pleafant and fertile country. It
now forms the department of Indre
and Loire.

Tourancourcky, a town of Hindoo-
ftan, in the Camatic, 3^ m ssw Tritchi-
■opoli.

TOW

Tournanf a town of Fuiice, in the
department of Seine and Marnc, ao m
Ksfc Paris.

Tournay, a city of the Netherlandj,
in FlandtTH, and a bifliop's fee, with a
ftrong caftlc. It hns feveral fine manu-
fa^ureg, and is particularly famous fur
good ftockingt. The cathedral, and the
aljbey of St. Martin, are very magnifi.
cent. It was tuken by the allies in 1709,
and ceded to the houfe of Auftria by
the treaty of Utrecht ; but the Dutch
were allowed to place a garrifon in it,
as one of the harrier towns. It wt»
taken in 1745 by the French, who de*
moliflied the fortifications, but reftored
it in 1748. In 1 78 1, the emperor ob'ig-
ed the Dutch to withdraw their garri-
fon. It was again taken, in 1792, by
the French, who were obliged to aban-
don it in 1793, but re-entered it again,
on the final conqueft of Flanders, in
1794. It is feated on both fides the
Scheldt, over which is a bridge, 14 m
ESF. Lifle, and 30 ssw Ghent. L^'n. 3
24 E, lat. 5033 N.

Tournehemt a town of France, in the
department of Pas de Calais, 9 m vw
St. Omer.

Tournon, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Ardeche, with a fine col-
lege, and a caftle ; feated on the fide of
a mountain, by the river Rhone, 38 m
N Vivers, and 48 8 Lyon.

Tournns, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Saone and Loire, on the
river Saone, 15 m s Chalons.

Tours, a city of France, capital of the
department of Indre and Loire, and an
archiepifcopal fee. It is feated on the
Loire, and near the Cher. Over the
former is one of the fineft bridges in
Europe, confifting of 15 elliptic arches,
each 75 feet in diameter. The principal
church is remarkable for the delicacy of
itsitrix^urc, curious clock, mofaic pave-
ment, and rich library of manufcripts.
Under the miniftry of cardinal Riche-
lieu, 27,000 perfons were here employ-
ed in the filk manufacture; and now the
whole number of inhabitants is about
33,000 The red wines of Tours are
much . ftcemed. In one of the luburbi
is the .abbey of Marmouticr, reputed
the moft ancient in the weft. Near the
city is Pleffis-les-Tours, a palace built
by the profligate and fuperftitious Lewis
XI, who died here, in 1483. Tours
is 5a m NNE Poitiers, and 127 sw Paris.
Lon. o 4» E, lat. 47 24 n.

Toufera, a town of Barbary, in Bik-
dulg<^rid, dependent on Tunis. Loo. 10
55E, lat. 3230 N.
Tovjcfjler, a town in Northainpton-

ifii 'V

TR A

fliirn, tK^hh a market on Tuefdayt and
manufactures of lace and filk. It was
once ftrongly fortified, and the Roman
Wutling-ftreet pafles through the town.
It is feated on the Weedon, 9 m ssw
KorthamptoDi and 60 nw London.

Tonvtotit a village in W Yorkfhire, 3
ni SE Tadcafter. It is famous for the
battle between the honfes of York and
Lancafter, fo fatal to the latter, on
Palm-Sunday, 14(1.

Toivj, a river of Wales, which rifes
in Cardiganfhire, enters Carmarthen*
/hire at its mb i»xtrcmity, and flows by
Llanymddoory, Llandilovav.r, and Car-
marthen, into the Briftol channel.

Toivyn, a town of Wales, in Merio-
nethshire, on the river Defynni, at its
entrance into St. George channel, 1 1 m
s Barmouth, and ai8 wNwLondon.

Tra los Montest a province of Portu-
gal, beyond the mountains, with regard
to the other provinces of this kingdom,
whence it had its name. It is bounded
on the N by Galicia, w byEntreDouro
e Minho, 8v\ and s by Beira, and e by
Leon. It abounds in wine, oil,, and
cattle ; and the Douro divides it into
two parts. Miranda is the capital.

Trachenberg, a town of Silefia, capi-
tal of a principality of the faine name,
abounding in corn, cattle, and timber.
It has a fine caAle, and is feated on the
Bartch, a6 m nnw Breflau. Lon. 16 56
B, lat. 51 37 N.

Trafalgar^ a promontory of Spain, in
Andalufia, at the entrance of the (Irait
of Gibraltar. Off this cape, in 1K05,
admiral lord Nelfon, with a; fail of the
line, engaged the combined fleet of
France and Spain, confiding of 33 fail
of the line, 19 of which were taken, funk,
. or deftroyed, and the French command-
er in chief, admiral Villeneuve, and two
SpaniHi admirals made prifoners : this
unparalleled vi^ory was obtained with-
out the lofs of one Britifli Ihip ; but the
noble commander fell, by a muiket-hall,
near the clofe of the engagement. This
cape is 30 m sse Cadiz. Lon. 6 z w,
lat. 36 II N.

Tragonara, a town of Naples, in Ca-
pitinata, 20 m nw Lucera.

Trajanopol'h a town of European
Turkey, in Romania, and a Greek arch-
bifhop's fee, though a fmall place and
thin of people it is feated on the Ma-
riffa 40 m B Adnanople, and 135 w by
V Conftantinople

Trajetto, a town of Naples, in Terra
di I.avoro, built on the file of t'^e an-
cient Minturna. Here arc the ruins of
an amphitheatre and aquedudt. It is
feated near the mouth of the Gariglia-

T R A

no, In the Mediterranean, 25 m vw Ci*
pua. Lon. 144 E.lat. 41 ao n.

Train, a town of Bavaria, on the river
Amhs, 5 m 8 \benfperg, and ao e Iii<
goldftadt.

Trainot a town of Sicily, In Vnl di
Demoiia, ieated on a mountain, at the
fuurce of the river Traina, 39 m w
Taormina.

TraUe% a borough of Ireland, capital
of the county of Kerry. It lends a
member to parliament ; and in the vi-
cinity is a chalybeate (jpring. It ftands
en the river Lee, which flows into Tra-
lee bay, 60 m sw Limerick. Lon. 10 0
w, lat. 5.3 4 N.

Trnlleborgy a feaport of Sweden, in
Schonen, m^arthc Baltic, ig m sLund.
Lon. 12 58 E, lat. 55 20 N.

Tramorif, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Waterford, much frequented
for fea biithing ; feated on a bay of its
name, 6ms Waterford.

Trancofo, a town ot Portugal, in Tra
los Montes, with a callle, 9 m w by s
Pinhel.

Tranent, a town of Scotland, in Had-
ingtonOiire, 6 m w by s Hadington,
and 10 b Edinhurg.

Trani, a city of Naples, in Terra di
Bari, the fee of an archbifhop, and the
ufual refidence of the governor of the
province, which is fometimes called
Terra di Trani. It is much decayed
fince the harbour has been choked up,
and ftands on the gulf of Venice, a6 m
w by N Bari, and 145 n by b Naples.
Lon. )6 36 E, lat. 41 18 N.

Tranquebar, a feaport of Hindooftan,
in the country of Tanjore, with a fort
and fadtory belonging to the Danes,
who pay an annual rent to the rajah.
The town is furrounded by a wail and
baftions ; and contains three Chriilian
churches, a large mofque for the Moha-
medans, and feveral pagodas for the
Gentoos. In 1807, it was taken by the
Englifh. It is feated at the mouth of
the Cavery, 1 65 m s Madras. Lon. 79
53 E, lat. II I N.

Tranfyl'vama, a country of Europe,
formerly annexed to Hungary; bound-
ed on the N by Hungary, e by Molda-
via, s by Walachia, and w by Hungary.
It is 160 m long and 150 broad, and
furrounded by high mountains, which,
however, are not barren. It produces
as much corn and wine as is wanted,
and there are rich mines of gold, filver,
lead, copper, quickfilver, and alum. It
has undergone various revolutions, and
now belongs to the houfe of Auftria.
The inhabitants are of various religion*,
as Roman catholics, Lutherans, Calyia-

TB

tits, Sociniani, Armi
Mohamedans. The
tocratical ; and, fir
rendered hereditary
priiicefles of -the hot
manftadt is the capil
Vrapatii, a feaport
Sicily, i«> Val di Ma

TRA

ilt«, Sociniani, Arminians, Grcf^Vs, nnd
Mohamedans. The governmen, isarif-
tocratical ; and. fince the yeai 17 22,
rendered hereditary to the priiiti ; and
priricefles of -the houfe of Auftria. ilcr-
manftadt h the capital.

Trapani, a feaporton the nw point of
Sicily, ill Val di Mazara, with a llrong
fort. It has an fxcttllent harbour in the
form of a (ickle, wht-nce it,s ancient
name Drepaiium ; and is a tradini; place,
famous for falt-works, and Hlheries of
tunnies and coral. It is 28 in n Ma-
zara, and 56 vv Palermo. Lou. is 38
E, lilt- 38 10 N.

Trarbachf a town of France, in the
department of Rhine and Mofelle, late-
ly of Germany, in the circle of Upper
Rhine. Ithasa tortrefaon a mountain,
which was taken by the Frcncli in 1794.
It is fcated on the Mofelle, 47 m w by s
Mentz. Lon. 7 6 e, lat. 41; 58 n.

Trafmaur, a town and calllc of Anf-
tria, leatcd on the 'I'ralen, near its con-
flux with the Danube, iz m w Tnln.

Trau, a Itrong leaport of Dalinatia,
and a biihop's fee. It is ieated on the
gulf of Venice, in a fmall ifland. joined
to the mainland by a long bridge of
wood, and to the ifle of Bua by another
of Itone, 27 msE Sebenicc Lon. 17 52
z, lat. 44 o N.

Travancere, a prowince of the penin-
fula of Hindooftan, extending along the
cnaft of Malabar from Cape Comorin
to the province ot Cochin, 140 m in
lengthi by 70 in breadth at the n extre-
mitjr, and contradting gradually to the
ii point. It is fubjVdt to a rajah, who is
anally tc the £ngli(h.

Travancore, a town of Hindooftan,
capital of the province of the fame
name. It is fuirounded by ftrong and
extenlive lines, 1 10 m ssw Madura,
and 230 ssE licut. Lon. 77 15 e, iat.

825 N.

Travtt a river of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Holftein, which flows by
Segeberg, Oldeflo, and Lubec, and en-
ters the Baltic, at Travemunde.

Travemunde, a ftrong town of Lower
Saxony, in tht^ duchy of Holftein, feat-
ed on the Baltic, at the mouth of the
'i ••;. It is the port of Lubec, to
wh.j.i it belongs, and is 1% m nb of
that city.

Travers, a town of Swiflerland, in
the territory of A>f euchatel, 1 1 m w
Neurhatel.

Traunjiein, a town and caftle of Ba-
varia. Great quantities of . It are made
hert, from water brought 14 m over
mountains, by means of engines and
pipes, from Keicbenhall. It is featcd

,TRE

on the river Traun, 16 m www Sa!«-
bur^.

'Iratitenau, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Konigingratz, 21 m n Koiit-
gingratz.

Trayguera, a town of Spain, in Va-
Kiicia, 30 m sw Tortofa.

Trebbin, a town of Brandenburg, in
thf Middle mark, 22 m ssw Herlin.

Trebia, a river of Italy, which riics in
the territory of Genoa, flows by Bobiu
in Milnnefe, and joins the Po, above
Piacenlia.

Trebigna, a town of Turkifli Dalma-
tin, and a bifliop's fee; Icatt-d oh tlic
Kulf of Venice, at the mouth of the
Trebenflca, 14 m n Ragufa.

Trebifacc'iaf a town ot Naples, in Ca-
labria Citra, on the gulf of Tareiito, 10
m KNK CfllFano.

Trebifond, a feaport of Afiatic Tur-
key, in Uoum, and a Greek archbifliop'a
lee. The walls are fquare and high,
with battlements; and arc built with
the ruins of ancient ftrudures, on whicU
are infcriptions not legible. The town
is not populous, fur it includes many
gardens, and the houfes are but one
ftory high. The caltle is feated on a.
flat rock, with ditches cut in it. The
harbour is at the t end of the town, ami
the mole built by the Genjife is almoft
dellroyed. It (hinds at the foot of a
very fteep hill, on the Hlack fea, 104 m
NW Erzerum, and 160 ene Tocat.
Lon. 39 30 G, lat. 41 o n.

Trebitz, a town of Moravia, with ma-
nufadures of cloth, iron, and glafs;
feated on the Ighi, 21 m se IgUu.

TrebnitZt a town of Silclia, in the
principality of Oels, with a Ciftercian
nunnery, 12 m n Breflau.

Treb/en, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Mifnia, feated on the Mulda, 14 m c
by s Leipzic

Treffurty a town of Germany, in
Lower Hefle, with a caftle, A^ted on
a hill, near the Werra, 36 m ese
Caflel.

Tregaron, a town of Wales, in Car-
diganihire, with a market on Thurfday ;
feated on a branch ot the Tyvy, 15 m
8 by E Aberyftwith, and 204 \v by M
London.

Tregony, a borough in Cornwall, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market on
Saturday ; feated on the Pale, 6 m b
Truro, and' 253 w by & London.

Treguiert a leaport of France, in the
department of Cotes du Nord, and late-
ly the fee of a biftiop. It is fcated on
a peninfula, ne^r the Englifti channel,
22 m NW St. Brieuc. Lon. 3 13 w,
lat. 48 47 N.

TR fc:

Trelteborjf, a town of Sweden, in
!Schnncn, feated on the Oaltic, a6 m a
Li)i)d.

Treme/att, or TUm/nn, a city of Al-
giers, in the province of Mafcara, fur-
roiindud by ftronn walls, and iiihabittd
by poor Ara')8, Moors, and Jews. In
the time of the Arahs, it was the rcfi-
dence of powerful princes ; but is now
dwindled to a fifth part of tlit- ancient
city. Its once nouriiliing manuf.i^uri'3
of carpets an<i woolK-n coverlets are in
a ftate of decav ; and the former malter-
pieces of archite<flure have dilappean-d,
for there is not a finglc building of ex-
cellence now to be It-en. It is loo m
5Sw Gran. Lc; i. i 12 w, lat. 34 56 n.

Trcmiti, three illanJa of Naples, in
the piilf of Venice, 15 m from the n
coaft of Capitanata. They are called
Tremiti or St. Nicolo, St. Domino, and
Capraria. Tlio fird, which is the prin-
cipal, has a Bencdidline convent and a
caftle. Lnn. 15 30 K, lat. 41 10 n.

TremuuilU, a town of I'mnce, in the
department of Vicnne, feated on the
Bennaile, 35 m e by s Poitiers.

Tremp, a town of Spain, in ('atalonia,
on the river Noguera Pallarefa, at> m n
Balaguer.

Trer{fc/iin, a town of Hungary, cap',
tal of a county of its name, wit' an an-
cient caftle on a rock. It has celebrated
hot baths, and is feated near the Waag,
70 m NNE Prefburg. Lon. 18 0 e, lat.

4858 N.

Trent, a principality of Germany,
lately a bifhopric, in the s part of Tyrol,
among the Alps, bounded by Tyrol
Proper, and the territories of Venice.
It produi-es excellent wine.

Trent, a fortified city, capital of the
principality of Trent, with a handlbn.e
caftle, a cathedral, three parifh-churches,
a college, and fonie convents. It is fa-
mous in ch'trch hiftory for a celebrated
council, which was held from 1545 to
1563. This city was feveral times in
the hands 01 the French during the late
war. It is fituate between two moun-
tains, on the river Adige, 67 m nw Ve-
nice. Lon. 10 55 K, lat. 46 2 N.

Trent, a river that rifes in Stafford"
fliire, from three fpringa to the w of
Leek, and flows se through the county
to the sw borders of Derbyshire, where
it receives the Tame. It then takes a
NE direftion, between the two counties,
till it receives the Dove, when it enters
Derbyfliire, croffes the s angle, and
forming, for a fliortfpace, its reparation
from the counties of t.eicefter and Not-
tingham, it enters the latter county at
the sw extremity ; thence crofling ob-

TRE

liquely to the b, it flows ulnng the whol(
eaftern lide, forming, toward the n part,
the boundary between that county and
liinrolnihire, a co.ner of which it
croflei, and, below Gainiborou^'h, meeti
the Oule on the borders of Vorkdiirf,
where their united Itream forms the
Humbcr. This river is of itielf navj.
gable from Burton in Stafford (hire; and
by canals it has a communication with
the Merfey, the Severn, and the Thames.
Trent, a river of N Carolina, which
runs into the Neus, at Newbeni, where
it is three quarters of a mile broad.

Trenton, a town of New Jerfey, in
Hunterdon county, and the capital of
the flate. Here are four edifices for
public worfliip, and a flourifhing aa-
lii'my. It is feated on the Delaware,
oppofite the falls of that river, ^4 m ne
Philadelphia. Lon. 74 ,5ovi/, lat. 40 :5 n.
7/vn/ow, a town of N Carolina, chief
of Jones county. It ftands on the river
Trent, 18 m sw Newbern.

Trenton, a town of the diftrift of
Main, in Hancock county, oppoliie the
N end of Mount Defert ifland, 30 m
ENK Calline.

Treport, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Seine, feated on the
Englifh channel, at the mouth of the
Brefle. It is the port for the town of
Eu, nearly % m diftant, and is 17 m
N K Dieppe.

Trepto, a town and caftle of Hither
Pomerania, in the duchy of Stettin, on
the river Tollenlee, and frontiers of
Mecklenburg, 25 m N New Strelitz.

Trepto, New, a town of Furiher Po-
merania, with manufactures of flock-
ings and woollen fluffs, feated on the
Regn, near its mouth in the Baltic, 16
m F.NK Camin.

Trejhanijh Jjles, four fertile iflands on
the w coafl of Scotland, between the
iflands of Gotland Mull.

Treuenbrietzer,, a town of Branden-
burg, in the Middle mark, 20 m s Bran-
denburg.

Treves, or Triers, a late archbiflu ;)ric
and eledt orate of Germany, in the cir-
cle of Lower Rhine ; bounded on the
N by the ele(ftorate of Cologne, R by
Weteravia, s by the palatinate of the
Rhine and Loirain, and w by Luxem-
burg. It is 100 m in length, but the
breadth is very different. There are
many mountains and forefls; but near
the Rhine and Mofelle the foil is fruit-
ful, abounding in corn and wine. A
fmall part of thif territory lies on the e
fide of the Rhine, and in 1800 was given
as an indemnity to the prince of NafTau-
Weilburg; b,ut the principal part, wof

TRE

the Kbinet was annexed to France, and
is included in the departments of Rhine
and Mofcile, and Sarre.

Treves, or Trier., a city of France,
capital of the dt'oartment of Sarre, and
a biftiop's fee ; huely a city of GcrnriHiiy,
and capital of nii archbilhopric of ilip
fame name. It has a caftlc, a univerlity,
numerous remains of antiquities, and
many fine churches and palaces ; hut
has greatly I'uffercd by war, and is now
neither large nor populous. It is fcated
on the Molt-lle Cover which is a haud-
fome bridj^e) between two mountains,
covend with vineyards, lo m ne Lux-
emburg, and 55 H by E Cologne. Lon.
b ^'i, y:, lat. 49 47 H.

Trev't, a town of Italy, in the duchy
of Spoleto, la m N by w Spoleto.

'Irev'ico, a town of Napifs, in Prin-
cipato Ultra, 15 m t; Beneventfi.

Trtvier de i'ourtes, St. a town of
Fiance, in the department of Ain, 20
m NNvv Bourg en Bn.'fle.

Trevkr en Jiombes, St. a town of
F""^.;e, in the department of Aiiir, j8
m sw Bourse en lireiFe.

Trevigiio, a town of Italy, in Milanefc,
17 m ENii Milan.

Trevino, a town of Spain, in Bifcay,
with a citadel, feated on a hill, near the
river Aguda, 10 m s Vittoria.

Trevi/ano, a province of Italy, in the
territory ot Venice ; bounded on the w
by Vicentino, n by Feltrino and Bel-
lunefe, E by Friuli, and s by the gulf
of Venice, Dogado, and Paduano. The
foil is fertile, and produces corn, wine,
and wood ; and the exports are cattle,
filk, and woollen eloth. Trevifo is the
capital.

Trevifo, or Tre-vigio, a fortified city
of Italy, capital of Trevifiuo, and an
archbilhop's fee. It had formerly a
univerfity, which was transferred to
Padua. It is the refidence of many
noble families, and feated on the Sile,
at the influx of the Plavefella, 18 m
NNW Venice. Lon. ij 18 e, lat. 45

44 N.

Trevoux, a town of France, in the
department of Ain, and before the re-
volution the capital of the principality
of Dombes. The mofl remarkable
buildings are the ancient mint, the late
parliament houfc, the governor's houfe,
and the printing-office. The latter is
celebrated for the Literary Journals
compofed by the jefuits of the college
of Louis le Grand. Trevoux is ieated
on the fide of a hill, by the river Saone,
12 m N Lyon, and 188 s by e Paris.
Lon. 451 E, lat. 45 54 N.

'I' R I

per IIi'fTe, I'eatfd <tn a hill, near the rlrcr
Schwalni, 16 m emk M,u'l)urg.

Trezzo, a town of Italy, in Milanefe,
featid on tlie Adda, on the fronlirro of
Bornamafco, 1;! tn nk Mil.m.
'J'riana ; Icf Itancagun-
TriSau, a town of Moravia, in the
tiiclc of Olimit/, 30 m nw Olmiit/.

Tri/iir^^f a town of Suabia, in Bi ili;au,
liiuale on tlic (iuttach, 15 tu ne Fri-
burj,'.

Tri/?J'ees, a town of Hither Pomerani 1,
with a caltlc, wliicii coiumands the- p.ifn
into Meckkiibiirg. Jt is featt'd on lli«?
Tivlicl, ;2in hHw atralfuiid.aiid x8 li-E
UortocU

TriliJJiulls a town of France, in the
dtparlmeiit of Merit Tonni'irc, l-iti-ly
of Germany, in the dftchy of l)rux
Ponts, if) m RNK Deux Ponis.

Trica/a, a town of European Turkey,
in Macedonia, feated on the Strimon,
50 ni UNK S.ilonicj.

Tricaht, a town of F.iiropran Turkey,
In Tlicfl'jiiy, fvali'd near the Sulcmbria,
36 m w by 3 LarilFa.

'Tricarico, a tv wn of Naples, in Bafi-
licata, 13 m sf. .Acerenza, and ai svr
Mit' ra.'

Triceto, a town of Naples, in Calabria
Citra, 14 m si-; Scalea.

Tricolore, a town of Hindooftan, in
the Carnatic, where Tippoo Sultaun
was defeated by the Britilh in 1790. It
is 44 m w Pondicherry.
Triers', fee Treves.
Triejl, a ft apoit of Germany, in Car-
niola, and a bifhop's fee. The harbour
is fpacious, fcrcened by a wall fortified
with a baftion. The houfes ftand on
the fide of mountain, extending them-
felves quite to the fea ; and on the top
of the mountain is a caftle, in which the
governor of the town and its territories
relides. On the nw fid? of the town,
where formerly were falt-pits, a beauti-
ful fuburb has been bmlt. The fixed
inliabit.ints, cllimated at 30,000, have a
good trade in fait, oil, almonds, iron,
copper, &c. brought from Laubach ;
and they make good white wines.
Triefl was taken by the French in 1797,
and evacuated in the fame year; and in
1 809 it was ceded by Aullria to France.
It ftands on a gulf of its name, which is
the N E pai t of the gulf of Venice, i a m
N Capo u'Iftria, and 36 sw Laubach.
Lon. 14 3 E, lat. 45 51 N-

Trim, a borough of Ireland, capital
of Mealti. It is feated on the Boyne,
37 m NW Dublin. Lon. 6 48 w, lat.

53 32 N.

friiicamale, a feaport on the e coafV

m

%i:M'

Trey fa, a town of Germany, in Up- of Ceylon, with a harbour reckoned the

TRI

finefl in the E Indict, but fltuate in the
molt barrtrn part of thu ifland. The
>ie«r(:(t f.irm village! are upward of 12
m, from which the inhabitants arc Tup-
plied with provirioni< The harbour ia
defer ded by two forts, Trincomule and
Oftt'iiburg, the laR built upon a clitf,
projcdirig 150* p.ices into the fca. TSe
town occupies more ground than Co-
lumbo, but contains a much fmallcr
Dumber of houffs, and of an inferior
appearance. The circumference within
the walls is about 3 m, but in this fpuce
id included a riling point, immediately
over the fca, covered with thick jungle.
Trincomale was ta^en from the Dutch,
by the Engli/li, in 1782; retaken by the
French the fame year ; reftored to the
Dutch by the peace of 1783; and
again takm by the Englifh in 179^. It
ftands on a fpacious oay of the fame
name, 100 m nnk Candy. Lon. 81 25
E, hit. 8 32 N.

Tringt a town in Hcrtfordlhire, with
a market on Friday^ fixated near the
Grand Jundion canal, 22 m w Hert-
ford, and 31 WNw London.

Trinidad, an ifland on thu N E coaft of
Terra Firma, feparated from Paria on
tile s, by a channel about ro m wide,
and from Cumana on the w, by the gulf
of I'aria. it is 8* m long and 50 broad ;
produces fugar, cotton, maize, fine to-
bacco, cocoa, indigo, and fruit; and
has abundance of fine timber trees.
Many trees brought from the £ Indies
and Otalieite alio Rourilh here; and
cinnamon ia become abundant. The
lake Brea, or of pitch, is a wonderful
phenomenon ; it covers about 150 acres,
and is capable of fupplyin^ all the dock-
yards of Great Britain. '1 his iCand was
taken, in 159?, by fir Walter Ralegh,
and in i6;6, by the French, who plun-
dered and left it. In 1797, it was cap-
tured by the Englifii, and afterward
ceded to ihem by the treaty of Amiens.
The capital is St. Jofeph.

Trinidad, a city of New Spain, in the
province of Guatimala, near the head of
a bay of the Pacific ocean. It is a place
of great trade, its port, called Acajutia,
being the ncareft landing to Guatimala,
for all merchandife that comes from
Mexico and Peru. The city is 4 m from
the port, and no £se Guatimala. Lon.
90 20 w, lat. 13 46 K.

Trinidad, a town of New Spain, in
Veragua, near the mouth of a river that
enters the t'aribean fea, 20 m ese Con-
ception. Lon. Hi 23 w, lat. 8 40 n.

Trinidad, a Tea port of Cuba, in a bay
on the s part of the ifland. In 18 12 the
town was almoft deftroyed by a hurri-

TIll

cane; feverat (hips in the harbour ^rrc
funk, and others driven on (horc. It i^
40 m 8W Spiritu Santo. Lon. 80 1 w,
lat- : I 48 N.

Trinidad, a town of N^w Granad;!,
featcd on the Madalena, <H r\\ v^
St. Fl<.

Trinidada, three rocky idets In the
Atlantic ocean. 200 leagues e Spiritu
Santo, in Urafil. The largeft is tidt
3 m in circuit, and the Portugucfe k*'ep
a fmall garrifon here to prevent a cor.
traband trade with (he Bntfils. Lon, ^
3S vv, lat. 20 30 8.

Trinity, a fcaport on the n fide nf
Martinico, with a fpacinus and fafc h,ir.
bour, and a confiderable trade- I. on.
61 8 w, lat. 14 53 N,

Trino, a town of Piedmont, in Mont-
fcriat, formerly a Itrong place, but ilv-
fortifications are for the moft part i}.i-
molifiied. It is 8 m nw Caial.

Trimmaiy, a towi: of Hindooftan, in
the CarnatiC, near which the troops of
Hydcr Alley were defeated by the Bri-
ti(h in 1768. It is 4s n\ ssw Arcot,
and 52 wNw Pondicherry.

Trifatore, a town of Hindooftan, in
Marawar, 36 m ene Madura, and 5II
sw Tanjore.

Tripoli, a country of Barbary, ex-
tending along the coaft of the Mediter.
ranean from the gulf of Cabes to the
8 extremity of the gulf of Sidra, and
bounded on the e by iiarca, s by Fez.
zap, and w by Biiedulgerid and Tunii.
There are numerous harbours on the
coaft, fome of them capacious, and fur-
rounded by a fine country ; but the in.
terior is not very fertUc, and the k part
is quite a defert. It has the title uf a
kingdom, but is governed by a bafliaw,
who is nominally fubjcA to the Porte.

Tripoli, a city and leaport of Barbary,
capital of a country of the fame name,
with a caftle and a fort. It was takeo
by emperor Charles v, who lettled the
knights of Rhodes here; but they were
expelled by the Turks in 1551. The
principal mofque fronts the bafliaw'i
caftle* aad is a very elegant ftrudlure.
The houfes of the different confuls and
the higher clafTes of the inhabitants
are ufunlly built of ftone, and white-
wafhed : thofe of the lower orders are
fabricated of earth, fmall ftnnes, and
mortar; and are all of a fquare furtn,
with a court in the centre, and only
one ftory high, with a flat roof and no
windows to the ftreel. Bazars occupy
a confiderable portion of the city, and
are kept in excellent order. The ftreets
are remarkably clean ; and acts of vio-
lence are rarely committed is tbcou,

TRI

The harbour, defcn(Jed by a mole and
battcriei, is capable of containing a
hrge fleet of merchant (hips ; and fri-
gates not drawing more than i8 f«;et
water may ride in fafety. The inha-
bitants are eflimat^d at a^.coo; among
whom are many Moors and Jew«: ' le
latter carry on all the traffic of the
placet and make alt the gold and filver
ornaments for the Moorifli and Arab
women. The chief exports an- wool,
drugs, barilla, flcins, (alt. trona,o(lricheH
feathers, gold duft, ivory, dried fruit,
and dates. Some of thefe, and other
articles, arc brought hither by caravans
from Morocco, Fezzan, and other in-
terior parts. Tripoli is feattd on the
Mediterranean, furroundcd by a wall
wi.a fix badions, 275 m sse Tunis-
Lon. i:} 5 E, lat. 3a < N.

Trifioit, a town of Syria, on the Me-
diterranean, defended by a citadel.
There is one handfome mofqur, and
all the houfes have foiintaiii.s belonging
to them- Before it is a fandbank, which
increafes fo much, that it is expcdtcd to
choke up the harbour, which is 3 m w
of the town, and formed by a round
piece of land, united to the mainland
by an ifthmus- On each fule is a bul-
wark to defend the entrance. It is the
relidence of a bafhaw, who alfo governs
the territory abotit it, where there is a
great number of mulberry-trees, and
other fruits. The commerce of Tripoli
confifts almoft wholly in coarfe filk,
which is made ufe of for laces- It is 90
m N w Damafcus, and i so s Scanderojn.
Lon. 36 20 E, lat. 34 50 s.

Tripolizzay a town of European Tur-
key, capital of Morea. It is a modern
town, encompaffed by a ftrung ftone
wall, with baltions, and has a fqtiare
fort on an eminence. Here are four
large mofques, and fix Greek churches.
The palace of the pacha is a large qua-
drangular building of wood, with a Ipa-
cious court in the centre, and galleries
round the four fides- The patriarch of
Morea alfo refides here. The chief
tiMcle is in corn, wool, &c- and its port
IS LeKna. It is leated in the valley of
Tegea, beneath one of the fummits of
the mountain Mjenalion, 30 m n Mifi-
tra. Lon. %z 34 e, lat. 37 40 n.

Tripura, a town of Hiiidooftan, in
the province of Coimbetore, with a fort
at a little diftance, called Palar. It is
leated on the Noyelar, 27 m nnw Da-
raporam.

Trijif an ifland of New Spain, on the
coaft of Tabafco, in the bay of Cam-
peachy, feparated by a narrow chan-
nel, on the E, from the ific of Port Royal.

TRO

It li 18 m in circuit. Lon. 9a -15 w, Iat»
1 8 13 N.

Trijian d\icunha, an ifland In thf.
Atlantic ocean, 15 m in circuit. The
land is extremely high, and rifi-s gradu-
ally toward the c«ntre of the illand
(where there is a lofty conical moun-
tain) ill ridges, covered with trees of a
moderate fi/.c and height. The cmi\ \%
frcqutiited bv icalions, lirals, penguins,
and albairofics. Lon. 15 30 w, lat.

37 9 ".

Tritthinopoly, a town of Hindooflan,
in th»' Carnatic, Itirrouiided by a double
wall, flanked with towers, and encom-
pafTcd by a ditch. It was taken by the
Engliflj in I 75 r. It is 30 m w Tanjore,
and 208 ssw Madras- Lon. 78 46 e,
lat- 10 49 N.

Trivadi, a town of Ilindooflan, in
the Carnatic. Thr pagoda forms a ci-
tadel. It is 26 m sw I'ondichcrry.

Trivento, a town of Napli's, in the
county of Molife, feated on a hill, near
the river Trigno, 1 1 m n Molife.

'rrochtelfingeH, a town of Suabia, fi«
tuate on the Smcicha, 16 in nw Bu-
chau, and 29 s Stutgard.

Trogerty a town of Swin'erland, and
the chief place of the proteftant part of
the canton of Appcnzel. It has manu-
faAures of cloth, and in the vicinity i»
a mineral fpring. It is 7 m nne Ap-
penzel.

Troja\ a town of Naples, in Capita-
nata, on the river Chilaro, 3 a m en a
Benevento, and 60 nw Naples.

7'roina, a '.own of Sicily, in Val di
Demona, noted for woods of fine tim-
ber, 40 m w Taormina.

Troki, a town of Lithuania, capital of
a palatinate of the lame name- It is
feated among lakes, 18 m w Wjlna,
and 85 NNE Grodno- Lon. 25 13 e,
lat^ 54 38 N.

Trolhatta, a town of Sweden, in W
Gothland, feated on the Gotha, which
here has four caliiades that fall roo feet
in the fpace of two miles. A caniil for
velTels to pafs by thele falls is cut
through the midit of rocks. It is 45 m
NNE Gotheburg.

Tron, St- a town of the Netherlands,
in the territory of Liege, with a Bene-
didine abbey, 21 m nw Liege-

Tropea, a town of Naples, in Cala-
bria Ultra, feated on a high rock, on the
gulf of St. Eufemia, 10 m nw Nicotera.

Tropez, St. a feaport of France, in
the department of Var, with a citadel ;
feated on a bay of the Mediterranean,

38 m ENB Toulon. Lon. 6 40 e, lat.
43 16 N.

Troppau, a ftrong town of Sile(ia» ca»

■/*4i

ni ■

fey*!!'''

4

T II II

pilnl cfn principality of the flimc name,
whi.'h bt'lon^fl parti' to Aiifhia ami
parily to Prunia. Here it an ancient
p.i'.acc, three churchib. a cullcge« four
convcDtHi and a cotninaiiiKry uf the
onlir of St. John. It w.m taWcn by the
PitiniiiiH in 1741 and 1756, but rcllored
to Audria by a treaty attcr each cap-
ture ; and it is the ilat of regency for
all the Buhfrnian put of Silclu. In
i7.sK, the grcaleit part of the town was
dtjtroyed by Firr. It (lauiis in .1 fiuit-
lul country, on the river Oppa, 40 m
NK Olmut/., and 90 hsh Brcllau. l<un.
17 <4 K| lat. 49 5* N.

TroJ'a, a leapurt of Swcilt-n, in Suder-
minia, loatt-d on the Ikltic, 35 ni sw
Slo<.:liholm. Lon. 17 ai^ R, lat. 590 n.

'J'row/niJife, a town in WilUliirc,
M'itli a market on Saiur«l.iy, and confi-
(icraitlr* maniifaduKS uf l>roail cloth and
kcilcymeri'. TJie number o( inhabit-
aniH w:i9 5799 in i8oi, and ^075 in
181 1. It ia Icated nn a hill, by the river
VVcrf, 23 m 3VV Marlborough, and 99
vv London.

Trot/, a town of New York, the largcfb
in Renifelaer county, and a pl.ice of con-
lidcrable trade. It hands on the u fide of
the Hudfon, 3 m s Laniinbnrg-

'Troyeiy a city of France, capital of
the departnit^nt of Aube, and a bilhop's
lee, with a caltle, in which the ancient
counts of Champagne relided. It is
liirrounded by good walla ; but almoft
;ill the houles are of wood, and good
water is wanting. The comnnerce, once
very flourilliing, now cotififts only in
liime linens, dimities, fultians, w.ix-
ciiandlery, candles, and wine. It is
iLated on the Seine, a8 m e by n Sens,
and H; SE Paris. Lon. 4 5 E, lat. 48 18 n.

Trunst a town of Swillerland, in the
c.inton of Grilbns, fealed on the Rhine,
7 m w Ihntz-

TrurOf a borough in Cornwall, go-
Ti'rned by a mayor, with a market on
Wednelday and S»turday. The liim-
iner aflizes are held here and at Bodmin
alternately. Ii is a ftannary town, and
the chief bufinefs is in (hipping tin and
Cupper ore, found in abundance in its
neiglibonrhood. Here, after the battle
of Nafeby, the force? of Charl»*s i, under
lord Hopi'ton, I'uncndirtd to general
Fairfax. Truro is leated between the
rivers Kenwyii and St. Allen, at the
head of Falmouth haven, 10 m n Fal-
montl), and 357 w by s London.

Truro, a town of Nova Seoiia, in Ha-
lifax county, at the head uf a narrow
gulf in the bay of Fundy, 40 m n by w
Halifax.

Truro, a filhirg town of i.!rflachufctts,

TSC

in narn(l.il)le county, on the K part of
the peninfula of Cape Cod, 9 m » IVg.
vineetown.

'I'rujtH/o, a town of Spain, ii EHk.
madura, with a citadel on the tup of j
hill. It is the birthplace of the notM
Francis Pizarro, and fituate nn the lidr
of a hill, near the river Magafea, 70 m
NE Mad.ijoz, and 90 hw Toledo. Lon.
5 41 w, lat j9 a6 N.

TruxWo, a city and feaport «)f IVru,
in the audience of Lima, and the fee of
a bilhop. It was built by Pi/arro, in
•553. anil its territory abounds in corn,
wine, olives, and fugar. It is lurruuiidt'd
by a wall, and Icatcd in a fine plain, on
a fin ill river, near the Pacific ocean, joo
mNwLima. Lon. 78 5.^ w, lat. 8 8 5.

Truxii/o, a feaport of New Spain, ia
Honduras, on the gulf of tint name. U
(lands 3 m from the fea, between two
rivers, tht; mouths of which, and feme
iflands before them, form the harljour,
which is the principal one on thiscoaft.
It is 140 m N I'. Valladolid. Lon. 86 jo
w, hi. 15 46 N.

Trusillo, A town of Terra Firma, in
Venezuela, with a trade in goat and
ftieep Ikins, cheefes, and wool. It is
fituate on a river that flows to the lake
Marac.Tybo, 130 in » by e Vtntzuda.
Lon. 70 15 w, lat. 8 35 n.

Tjhnad, a town of Hungary, on the
river Maios, 33 m e by s Se^edin.

Tjcherkajk, the capital ot the tern-
toiy of the Don CoITacs, with a gymna-
lium or uiiiverfity. It is fituate on an
ifland formed by the Don, and fo intn-
feifted by the river and numerous canals,
as to bear fome refemblance to V<iiice.
Here arc four churches of (lone, and
three of wood ; one of the latter be-
longs to the Tartars, who have a diftrk'l
of the town peculiar to themfelves. The
firft church ercAed here was founded
by Peter the great, and in it are kfpt
the rich (l.indard?, flags, lances, ^.'c.pre-
feiited from different Ibverei^jns. Thr
other public edifices, and the houlcs,
are of wood ; moft of the latter biiiit
on piles, to avoid the inundations wliich
cornnoiily lalt from April to June, In
mod of the ftieets are lofty wooden
bridges that run along the middk' of
them, and to which a fmaller bri(l,'e
leads f the door of each houfe ; but
where . ^ is not the cafe, the inhaliit-
ants are obliged to ufe boats during the
inundation- The (hops are numtrous,
containing the produce of Turkey and
Greece ; and there arc two public baths.
The principal exports are filh, iron, ca-
viare, and wine. The inh.ibitants, cfti-
mated at 15,000, arc a mixture of va

T80

rious nationi. The CofTacs h.ive «
m;i.je(tic apprarance i arc cleanly in
Ihcir porlons and apparel, polite, fin-
cere, hofpilable, generouH, and humane
The coinmi)n drcfi of the in«?n it ;i blue
jacket turned up with r<-d, .ind ii walll-
coat and trowfers of white dimity. The
drefi of the women difffri from all the
coltumcs of UufTia ; and its grandeur is
nitfd in u cap, fomewhat refembling
the niitrc of a Oreuk l.idiop ; the hair
(>f mirricd womtfn is tucked under thii
iip, which ii covered with pearti and
fo\t\t or adorned with Howers. The
girls wear a filk tunic, with trowferii
t'jllentd by a girdle of Iblid iilvcr, yel-
low boots, and an Indian kerchief round
the head. Both fexcs are addicted to in-
toxication, but this is generally at home,
as they are aihamcd of its conCequences
king publicly fecn. The town Itands on
the N lidcof the main dream of the ri vi.t,
40 m ENE Afoph, and 340 s by e Vo-
ronetz. Lon. 39 56 r, lat. 47 4 v.

Tji/iernafiora, a town of .NIoravia, in
the circle of Brin, with a caflle on a
mountnint 13 m nnw Brin.

Tfchernemty a town of Germany, in
Carniola, with a caflle, and a com-
mandery of the Teutonic order, 33 m
%?. Laubach.

Tjifiirne, a town of Sllcfia, in the
principality of Glogau, with a caQle,
and good cloth manufudlures, az m bn e
Glogau.

'[fchopaut a town of Upper Saxonv
in Mifnia, celebrated for its blue manu
faifturc; ieated on a river of the fame
name, 7 m se Chemnitz.
TJhttJhtn ; fee Kifti-
Tfiampa \ fee Ciavipa-
Tft-Hattt a city of China, capital of
Chang-tong. It was once the relidence
of a long feries of kings, whofe tombs,
riling on the neighbouring mountains,
afford a beautiful profpei^):. It is feated
rin the river Tfi or Tling-ho, 230 m
s by B Peking. Lon. 117 25 e, lat. 36
46 N.

T/i-ning, a city of China, of the fe-
coiid rank, in Chang-tonjr, fituatc on
the Grand canal, 175 in s Peking. Lon.
116 24 E, lat. 35 24 N.

Tfm'tcheou, a city of China, of the firft
rank, in Chang-tong, 250 m ssE Peking.
Lon. 119 a E, lat. 36 40 n-

Tftng-mingf an ifland of China, 15 m
long and 10 broad, lying at the mouth
of the Kian-ku, and feparateU from the
province of Kiang-nan by two chan-
nels, 13 m broad. The principal reve-
nue arifes from fait, which is made in
fuch abundance, on the n fide of the
iflandi that it cant fupply mofl of the

T II D

nrtghbouring cnuntricJ. It contain*
only one city, of the lliird cl.tln, but
village* are very nuineroui. The coun-
try in deliKhiful, and inurli .it«'d by many
canal". IMic city, of th. fitme name, it
fituatc .It the kh end. Lon. 141 53 k,
l.u. 30 15 N.

Tj'ongradt a town of llnngary, capital
of a county of the fame uami't feaicd
on the TeilFi', oppolite ihc infiux of the
Koroi, 26 m N Sc^cdin.

Tiiatn, a city of Ireland, in the county
of Galway, and an arohbilhop'a ice,
though now a Anall place. The ci-
thedral (crves as a parifh churcli. It is
ao m NNE Galwuy. Lon. 9 16 w, lat.
53 j6 n.

'Julian^ one of tin* ftrongoil towns of
Java, with .1 harbour, and a king of its
own. It is li.'ated on the N fide of the
ifiand. Lon. 111 51 k, lat. 6 o s.

Tuiingeti, a town of Siiabiu, in tlie
dncliy of WirtcmlMjrg, withac<'lebraicd
univerfity, and a fortified cafile on u
mountain. Mere are good llutf' manu-
factures ; and in the townhoufe is a
curious c1oc:k. It is feated on the Ncckar,
in a country abounding in corn utid
wine, 2o m s Siutgard, and 50 e by .s
Stralburg. Lon. 9 10 k, lat. 48 32 w.

'J'ucuw/in, an oxienfive country of S
Ameilca, lying v. of the Andes, between
Peru and Chiii on the w, und Chaco
and Paraguay on the e. It is 1000 m
in length, .ind 400 where broadeft. —
Many rivers water this country, all
which, with the exception of two, after
having run many leagues, difappear,
forming lakes or lofing themfelveo in
the earth. The n part is intermixed
with mountains, plains, and vallie»,
producing abundance of feeds, plants,
and fruits of all kindb; alfo tobacco,
cotton, and fine timber, the laft of
which is a great nrticle of trade to Peru
and Paraguay. The s part is an im-
menfe plain, almoft without a tree ; the
foil a deep fertile mould, watered by
many ftreams from the Andes, and
clothed in perpetiia4 verdure. In this
rich pafturagc, the horfes and cattle
imported fioin Etirope have multiplied
to an almofl incrtdible degree; and
hence Peru is fupplied with cattle,
horliis, and mules, and immenfe num-
bers of hides arc exported to Europe.
This country is in the juril'dis'tinn of
the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres. St.
Michael \s the capital.

Tucui/o, a town of Terra Firma, In
Venezuela, on a river of the lame name,
Co m E Truxillo.

Tudela, a town of Spain, in Navarre,
with a caftle. A battle waa fought here.

W

•f-

TITL

In tloB, hetwfcn the Spanl«r<!i und
Frrnch, in whirli the Inttrr were vitJlo-
rintii It it K-Nt«d in u cuuntry th.it
pro<liic«'« good wiiir, on thr rlvf r Ehro,
44 ni ■ Painpionu, and too t Burgui.
Lon. I 38 w, l.tt 41 1} N.

'J'-uer, ^ goveriimfiit of RulTl;!, for-
merly .1 province In the gcvrrnment of
Novogorod. It W.H thf firft provinci?
moflellnl acconting to the codi* of ('a-
thcrinc 1 r . Thir country produces abund-
antly nil klndii of corn and vcL'ttablei'
The foreft* yield v,ilu:»bl»' timber. The
quadrupt'd*, and the feathered rac«'»
«Te the (amr a< in all the n of Europe.
Refide the tifhei common to moll Ukttt
and river*, there ii our cdlcd thr (terU't,
a I'pecirs of (lurgeoo, highly efti-emcd
for Its n.ivonr; und of iti roc the fined
caviare it madr.

Tver, n city of RtifTii, capital «)f a
goviTiiment of the liime n;ime, and an
archbilhdp'it fee, with a fortreli. It It
a place of conftdfr.ilile commerce, being
(<'at(>d at the conflux of the Ivcrza and
Volga, along which is conveyed all the
merchandifi; fent by water from Sihrri.i,
and the 9 provinces, toward Peterfburg.
It ii divided into iht? old and new town :
the former, fitiia»c on the right bank
of the Volga, confilts atmoft fntirely of
wooden cottagcN ; the latter having
been deftrnyud by a confl igration, in
r763, has rilen with luilre from itsafhes.
Catherine 1 1, at her own expenfe, raifed
t'»e povcrnor's houfe» tfic epifcopal pa-
1 ice, the courts of jnftice, theexchangCy
tlie prifon, 4nd Tome other public edi-
fices. The ftreets are broad and long }
rxtending, in ftraight lines, from an oc-
tagon in the centre : the houfen of this
Tiftagon, and of the principal ftrcets,
are of brick, ftnccoed white, and make
a mngnificent appearanc:'. Here is an
ecclefiallical femiuary, which admits
600 (liidt-nts. In 17/6, the emprefs
founded a fchnol for the inftrudtion of
aoo burgers' c'aildren ; and, in 1779, an
academy for ihc education of i 20 of
the young nobility of the province. —
Tver contains upward of 15,000 inha-
bitants, and Is too m nnw Mofcow.
Lon. 36 5 E, lat. 567 N.

Tuggurt, a town of Barbary, capital
of a country lying s Algicr*.. It is 310
m ssE Algxrs. Lon. 5 50 e, iat. 3a

40 N.

Tuggurt, a town of Biledulgerid, ca-
pital of a diltri(5t called Wadreag. It is
a6om WNW Gademis, and a8o sse Al-
giers. Lon. 6 15 E, Iat. ao 35 n.

TuJat a government of Ruflia, for-
merly a. province of the government of
Mofcow. The capital, of the fame name,

Til V

^a1m.1n^lfad^ur^•offirl'•nrm^hardwJr^
and leather i and in the vicinity arc rich
Iron mines. It U leated on the Uph4,
1 1 j m t by w Mofcow. Lon \j 54 1,
Iat 54 to N.

Tuhi, a (own of N<*w Spain, in thr

f)rovince of Mexico, on a river of the
■me njime, 40 m n by w Mexico.

Tulthrat, a town of Sp^iin, in N^.
varre, Htuate on ihc ^urios, 7 m w
Tudela

Tullamore, a town of Irel.ind, In Kirj
county, on a river of the f.ime n.nTu-,
and near the great can.d, 10 m wbyi
Philiptown.

Tulle, a town of France, cipital of
the ilepaitment of (\»rre7:e, and Utclyj
billiop'rt (i'c. The c.ithedral is f.imout
for its high and curious Areple. It ii
(fated at the conflux of the Corn'/c
and Solane, in a country ('urroundecl hy
mountains and precipices, )7 m hdi
Limoges, and 6x sw Clermont. Lon.
I 4> Kflat- 45 lA ^J.

Tul/otu, a town of Ireland, in tlir
county of Carlow, on the river Slaney,
9 m K by R Carlow.

Tuln, a town of Auflria, and a bi>
fliop's fee; feated near the Danube, it
m WNW Vienna.

Tn/Ji, a borough of Ireland, in the
county of Rofcommon, 1 1 m n RoI'-
common.

Tumbfx, a town of Peru, in the jutif-
di(*lion of Piura, where the Sp;inianli
firft landed in 1526, under Pizarro. It
had then a ftately temple, and a paiacir
of the incas of the country. It is feated
on a river of the fime name, which
fluv.-D into the bay of Guayaquil, nom
vv Piura.

Titmeuru, a town of Htndoof^an, in
Myfore, with a well-built fort, and
about 60m houles; feated in a tinropcn
country, 32 m se Sera.

Tuwen, a town of Siberia, in the pro-
vince of Tohollk, 150 in wsw Tobollk.

Tumi, a town of Napaul, with a cele-
brated Icmplt , 6 m ESE Catmandu.

Tunbridge. a town in Kent, with a
market on Friday, feated on the Tun,
one of the five branches of the Medway,
over each of which is a (lone bridpi?.
Here are the ruins of a large caftle,
eret^ed by Rii-hard carl of Clare, na-
tural fou of Richard I ; and a famoiii
freefchoolj'foundtd by Sir Andrevvjudd,
lord' mayor of London, in 1551. It is
12 m wbw Maidllone, and 30 sse Lon-
don.

Tunbridge Jf'ells, a town in Kent,
much relorftd to on account of its cha-
lybeate w.it< r«, difcovcred in 1606, by
Dudley lord North, who recovered from

Tl
l,'*rp cortfumptlon
It ii hated .It thi- Imi
r.dlcd M'Uint S'liii
and Mount lMe.1'4111
tcred lt>m' xotnl hot
g.vdcnn ■<"«' •♦•'he
wiId.«he«l»relof th
,nid pivJtor. ;i|ue 11.
\n^\ rcquiliie for il<«'
vilitors. with .ichapi
mid (hops notetl )«>
lury w.ue \ mil'-
wi-tU aic »«unc roi
part* are 75 (Vei h'j;
40, with liupniing e
tttccn th'-m. th.it th
.inccof ih.- hulkti of
dole together. Tl
Tiinbridne, and ^5
Tungi>i/ioi, a to^
on the liUut, fio tn

,o.t 15 ».'•*«• 5' '«
Tuuja. a city of
pit.d of a dillria ;
Nfar it arc niine<tof
and the country ;
corn, and fruit; al
here arc the only in.
powder in the kin;
fcati'd on an emiiien
Nbyt. St Fe. Ion
^'un^,lt, a town (i
ill Turkeftan, feated
the river Uak, near
81 rr, 100 m j-e Tar
Iat. 4,t 30 N.

Tunit, a country
from N to 8, and
bounded on the n
tcrrancan, s by T
gcrid, and w by Alj
was formerly a mo'
it became a republii
tion of the Turks,
tribute to the bey w
The foil in the e p;
for want of water.
the mountains ani
fruit ; but the w p;
boing watered by
produiflions are >
wool, bees- wax, t;
of fruits. The mi
abound in filver,
mines ; but jealouf
der them little i
wealth. In the wi
are lions, bifons, oft
bucks, hares, pheai
otheribrtsofbirds
of government is b
whofe prelident is
bers of the divan a
The inhabitants an

TUN

at'-rp co:irumpii«m by ilrliikliip lh<nv
It it (rated 4t ihr iMittoin tif thu-c hillo,
cillcil M'MMit S'li.ii, Mount Hphrjiim,
.iiiil Moiinl IMci'jni, «mi which .irf (caf-
tcrt'il loin ttooil h«Mifr«. orch.inU, Mrul
g.iriKtii* ( •out •*» thr country U niitiir.illy
wild, Ihc rOr^t of the whole it rom.iiitic
liiiJ pik.'torr:i|iir ili-u aw all tin* liuiKI*
initi rri|iiilii'' tor the .u'conim<iii,iti()n uf
vilitom. with .i<:h.ipcl ot r^lc, a m.tiket,
mill (liopit noted tor thrir clc}{aiit tiir*
iiiry w.tir \ m\\>- .iiid a h til' tro'fi the*
Willi arc lomc rockii, which in litinr
part* an* 75 fici hi^'h, thr mniii hcinht
40, with liirpnftiitt rlclta .ind chain)* hv-
twccn th-ni. th.it tiny hive the appc.ir
.incc of ihi' hulki; of nun of war, ran^'cd
clolc together. Th«« town ii 5 in 1
Tiinbriil^i'i and <5 ssk London

I'unifi'ijkoi, a town of Kiillia, fituatc
on thclitait, 8u in sw Irknilk. Loi>.
10^ 15 ». I.«t. 51 18 V

Tunja, a city of N"«'W Oranndn, c«-
pital (>!'' a dillri^t of tlir liitnc nanuv
Ni'.ir it arc ininrt ot" ^rold .md emerald* ;
and the country aliotiiuU in cattit',
corn, and fruit ; alfo in faitpctri-, that
hfTf ;nv the only in.imit'aiituics of ^,'un-
powdir ill thf kin^'doni. The city is
urated on an eminence, in a valU-y, 90 m
N by K St Fe. I -on 7.1 H w, lat. 5 10 n.

'I'uniiit, a town of VVelhrn Tartary,
III Ttirkelian, fcated in a i arf;c plain, on
tho river llak. near its cunfltix with the
Sirri too m *b Taraz. Lun. 6; 40 K,
lat< 4.) ^o N.

Tunij, a country of Barbaryi 200 m
from N to 8| and no from v. to w;
bounded on the k and k by the Medi-
terranean, s by Tripoli ^iid Biledul-
gtrid, ami w by Algieri. Thii country
was formerly a monarchy, but in 1574
it became a n-public, under the protec-
tion of the Turks, and paya a cert;jin
tribute to the bey who rcfides at Tunis.
The foil in the h part is but indifTerent,
for want of water. Toward the middle,
the mountains and valleys abound in
fruit ; but the w pari is the moft fertile,
being watered by rivers. T'.e chief
produdlions are wheat, barley, oil,
wool, bees-wax, tallow, and a variety
of fruits. The mountains near Tunis
abound in filver, copper, and lead
mines ; but jealoufy and indolence ren-
der them little Iburces of national
wealth. In the woods and mountains
are lions, bifons, oftrichcs, monkeys, roe-
bucks, hares, pheafants, partridges, and
other forts of birds and beafts. The form
of government is by a divan, or council,
whofe prelidcnt is the bey. The mem-
bers of the divan are chofen by the bey.
The inhabitants are a mixture of MourS)

Ti/n

Turks Arabi, Jrw«, and Chrifti^tiT,
nurchanti and Hivmi and thrycirry
on A BriMt tr.ule in linen and woulirn
cbnh, Morocco liMthcr, gold dult, Ifnd,
horit-t, oil, lo.ip, und oftnchn r^^% 411^
f.'.uli.Ti The cdablifhed religion it .Mo-
h.iriied.iiiifm. All piililic inlli ument* ure
writicn in lh»« Arabic t«»nnui', hut com-
merce it iifiially carried on by thNt of
the Lingua Franca.

'lunij, a city and Ihc . ipitil of thn
Country of the fame name, with a cita-
del on an ernimiuc, and the fortrefi of
Oolrtt.i on the lid** «)f a canal, which i«
the grcatcll naval and military depot
lielonging to tile b.y The city (lands
on the w lide «>f a lli.dlow like, y m in
tliameter, which in cnt»riil from the
piirf, or b.«y ot (fi)Ultt, by a narrow
piir.i^'i' between i!ie pt)iiit of Capr
C.iilh.igc and the oppolitc c.ipe. li i«
an ubloiig Ic^uare, 5 m in circuit, with a
Iijfty w.iil, hvc ^atci. and 55 ntole|uri.
The number of inhabitaiitt, mcliuling
.^o.ooo Jewt, ii upward of i.p.ojo.
Tuni^ id built without any ixytilariy;
the ftrects, in general, are narrow ud
dirty j and there arc fcv bnildingw of a/iy
m.ignilicence, except the great molqiie,
the bey't palace, and .1 few others. The
lioulet are ail built of Honi', tiiough but
one ftory lii^h, and h.ivc fl.it roofi.
Near the cciiire of the city in an ex-
tenlive piaz/a, which in Ciid formerly
to have contained 3000 tradefmen**
lliopH. The divan, or council of (late,
afTimbles in an old palace, whern the
bey formerly relidcd. The Mohatne-
daii5 here have niuv collcRes for ftu-
dents, and a great number of fmalkr
fchools. Tunis is a place of great trade,
and has manufat'Uites of velvets, iilks.
linen and woollen goods, Hrc arm<i,
fword cutlery, Morocco lather, and
red caps worn by the common people.
It is 3J0 m NNwTilpoli, and 380 ■
Algiers. Lon. 10 6 e, lat- 16 45 n.

'iunkerjiotun ; lee llphrata.

Turcoin, a town of France, in the
department of Nord, where the allies,
under the duke of York, were defeated
by t he French 101794. ^^ '^ 6 m v n k Lifle.

Turcomaniaf a coiinlry of Indepea-
dent Tartary, lying between the Cafpian
lea and the lake Aral. It is (aid tob'- ex-
tremely populous, but wholly unculti-
vated. The Turcomans are /«;;;7<j, and
therefore execrated by tin- IVrtiaiis*
who deem them infidels. They live in
tribes, being fubjeit to no particular
governor ; but each tribe chooles a no-
minal chief, who has no further autho-
rity among them than that of (ettting
ditferences and arranging their civij
3 B

T V tt

^(woiny Ai a pe«>pl«', ilify hflf* no
ftirtl hAliiiailoiut Inr t irry mImmU th«
Itliuk hm|. hilr Untu tn \«M»h ihi-y

lt»'.f"Con>mcin loall wjivteriiiK nnmni (

SrcAt horpUnHty wifiit Ihrir o^u Inmih
•rlii*Aiul imlV''rl'.iltN-p ifdntkonahrr)4(l.
They rnikc In'-mrtom into PcrA-«, frc-
(iiirnily crollitig t^*- wiilf int< rwniug
cT> fvft of (jn»l. .mil rurpnrnjr Jind farry-
tn,( AW ly. iVotii llK'Ci'iitrcot inwiit ;«!)<1
vi|ing< .1, mi'M, Women, and chiltlrrn>
Thrli* c"<pi'i!Uli.ii« in* pcrfornuki on
hurfvhj k hy piriin of lo or \o with
jiicridihltf i'pcid iti.l luMlviiyi t'orllwy
an* u«iinti.tl)ly I'liijportcd It/ ittcir hot (• K|
as like thtir lii!-*!-*, thry uiulir^;"! im-
mcnrc f.niKii<;with a Cinttl poititm ut'
food. Tlvir hort'ct ,irc boiiulu hy the
IK i^'lihniiri(i}( naiiimi ,it vAi\ p«ic<4,
%»hitli. with the f;»l«' .iiiintij oUur ttihri
of ihfir iMptive*, And <»< thtii cimi-lt,
(hrcp, 5cc. Iiipply the chief foiiri-i- of .•»
Tun* tm.in'o wctlth. The pcuplc f»el
not tho w.iiii of lorr, iun\ live on the
fled: of \\nrifh, camrit, and ihfcp, ;ind
the mill: of mtre^ and camels They
cxi'.iv .tc .1 I.un* hoh- in tiic grDiind, in
which liny pi.tkf n liif j .iiul, plating
the meat in th'* eniljem, cover it np un-
til it bi* haked Ttt Hu> northwiirJ of
Tuicomania are the K.im'.hank>. who
Inh.il'it A di iVit, and an- lepoitid i"» b«*
mod !• rociouH anti w.irlikf.and hiihrito
unconquerd. A'l thtli* inhabit ihe
calhrn c alf of th.- Cafpi ui fia.

Tutcntie, a town of Trance, in thetb*-
pailmcni of Coifozei with u caltic, i6
in sjiw Tiilk*

Ttnin, a fmtlfiid city of Picdm.int,
latHy tlie rt I len. c of the kin^,' (»f S.tr-
diiiii, .ind an aici<Silhop'.t fee. It i.<t
now the capital of th( (Irp.ctmeiit of
Po, and Hands in a fcrfilf [)iain, at the
coiilliix of the Doria wiih the Po.
Thfre arc many I.hkc fqiian-s, anion^
which thai of St. Charles '\% IIm; tntift
fpacioiis : tin; Iniilt iiigs nre handloinc,
Hiid it haK ixtt-nliv.' .nrcades on each
lide. Moft of ill" (Irec'isait wtll Imilt,
uniform. ftrai|;lit, and terminate on ii)ir.e
agreeable ohjed : the Strada di Po, tli'-
fineft and lar<?ell, I'-ada to thi- late royal
palace, and i^ adorned witlj piaz/.is,
filled with lliops ; as arc various otiiers
of the beft ftreets ; all of which arc kept
clean by mean* of a canal from the
Doria, with (juices that flow through
them into the Po. The inliabitants are
romputed to be Ho,ooo. The c.ithedral
is an ancient editice, in no rtfpeiJt re>
markable; but /everal of the churches
are notrible for their hiagiiitude or their
pillarsi, ur the variety of marbles cm-

TUR

pTuy v! in th<ir ilceoriittAn. Thr p^l i, p

C'.ntifti of twf> mairnIA '•^nt ftnuM't ,,

JolnrtI to|fcthcr by.ijf'"tiy, in whi.tl

lire I'vverd pifhiri"<, rt«iii««. «mt mn

quitki ulf )tr^ It vdiie I h' rimdil ||

a rrgnUr priaKoii, and dr>m«Mt tl«

ltroi)|{rft In I >Topr ( It fonipnlcn*!!

an rxlcnflvi- nrtirnal, a can on •o.m,i,.ry^

A chyiiiic<<l labontory, .^c The uiit-

vfrrtty in an • xu-nfive bud.' i.^ Hiilt

two roIlrj,'c t (fcpriid'Ut tin it ^ and hrrr

U alio un ncideny. The lpleni|h|

rampart* and ^.iiri of the city, with

the nciiiiirut WAlki> ai>d plantntinn^ th^t

rncircled lr, have lately luflirnl hy

{■reitch lpoli.ttn)n| together with ih^

chiircluj, pahice, .^jc. N»arihecity,

un the bai,k« of the l'<), U tt>^ l)euitihi|

cattle ot Vjltittin, ilir KarJrn ot wh ch

il applied |.i h' t nilcil (liidivii \\m-

Fre icb leP-Vil thin cty In 17. A j but

|)iince r.ugene defeated ihiir ai my, aimI

compelled tliem 10 raili- thf liejfr. In

171)8 the Firiich repuhlican ;«iMiytnok

polVimon of Turin, fri/nlall the Ib.i'^'

pl.iceg of Picdmunt, and oblii;pd thi kiti^t

10 retire lo Sardinia. In iff)'), tlir

French wen' drivm out hy the Auf.

triatin and Uuilin^j but Ihortly aftrr-

ward thf city ami ad Piedmont liirrtp.

dercd lo the Tn-nch. ' urin in fcbr.;

Nw G'lioa, and Ho hw Milan, l.oii ■

40 I , lat. 43 4 N ■

'I'lirinjfr, a town of Sweden, in I' •
privince of Sudcrnnnland, 34 m wotv
tSiocl.holin.

Turinji, a town of RtifTia, in lii?
gov. rn iient of r.ibolik. with a fort, ly,
ni w by s Tobulfk Lou. 63 44 t, bx

'I'litivnciiry, a to.. 11 of Iti'xlooft.ir,
in Myl'ere. «-oi filtinn of im outer mc
inner fort, llrtjnjjly defended hy a ilitth
and mu<; wall, anil ,\\\ open luhiirh at
.1 little dilbince. Ib'ie are two Im.ll
temples ot curiouH workmaiilhip It
is J 4 in s Sfia, .md 50 n SeriiiKapit'tn

'I'uriejhir, a eiMiiitry of Weftniriar.
tary, honnded on the N and t hy tht
country of the Kalmuci, s by H>iklniw,
and w by tie lake Aral. 'The chi»;f ot
this coiint'-y 'm j;en»Tally called the
klnn of tlic Karakulpaks. 'i'hc c.ip;lal
is 'rar.iz.

''.'urtt'/, a largi' empire, txtctided ovci
put of Kurnpc, AlVi, .md Africa '\wr-
key in Europe i^ bouiulcd on the n liy
Croatia, Sclivonia, ilinigary, Tranfil-
vania, and Poland, v. by New UuIIm.
the Black lea, the fea of Manriora. and
the Aichipelago. s by the Mediterra-
nean, and w by that lea and the Vene-
tian and Anftrian tnritoriea. It con-
tains Moldavia, ficllarbin, WuUchi^^

I

^'^^''tn, in ih'

"'« 44 tn \>^n

^"Hu, in t!if
'il'ialort, I,,

■ ^1 44 K, U

' Mitulooft.ir,
'" outer am.
^''1 •>y .1 ilittr
"'II (iihiirli at
r*' two lin;!!
inaiidiip ft
•■riiiK.ipit.tn
VV.-dnnTai.

■Hid t |)y th(

l>y HoIcIhiih,
1 lie (.•hift 'It

■ c.jllcd the
'iVic capital

{tcr.dcd over
VfVici. 'lur-
(»ii ihf N |»y
ry, Tr.inni'.

•ririDM, ;iiiL*

■\i«rdiicrrj-

.1 the Veiie-

8. It con-

Walachi.«;

T I H

llu1}(*ii«« ScrvU, iIofiii4, part ofCroni'i
nritl DAlmtiM, KtinimU, Mnvftoriin,
AlbunU. Thrlljly, t.ivttll.i, iin>| Mnrr t.
Thcr* coiMliilr* he ht'twc**n 17 irut to
I Ion. «ntl i6 4iul 49 N Ui. Tiirkry to
Ada ii b«iiindinl t»ii Ih^ w hy ttir Bt^ k
III «n>l ( Irtnini, »< liy IVr»l.i. » hy .\r.i
bUt anil w hv iNe »\I>'<lii(rr.itii>iti .uul
thf I'cj (if Mirni'iri. tt lun Umwci-ii
S7 and 44 * l«»n- A'kI iH and 4^ n I.1I,
unci conliirm t|ii> LMiiiitrlcn u^ Irak,
Diirlirk. Ktir>llitaN, Armcitiai K»iiiii,
C'ir.tm4iih. N.iI>>Im, ,iiuI Hvri4 In Af-
ricj. the Tiirki h.tvf K^ypl, p«ri of
Niibi«, .lii'l Ihutt ^tttt the Oitfn of
Tripull, Tunis .iikI AlKur-it .iri* titulcr
;bcir pr«(tci'lii»n. Of ihi-fc c<»'imiiii,
(which ffc r»«lV«?i*ttvtly) the clunnti*,
protlu^iom, m^iHH'in, 5cc. tniift he v.i-
tk»i»- I lie 'I'liiUa i\rc f(<-iicrally rolitill,
wll lliipoli am! of .1 |;>;o(>(l niicii. They
Ih.ive ihv'ir h(.4<lii. hut wear luii^ hiiirdt,
rxo-pt thofe in thr r<'r.i}(li«»t 01 p.itacf,
and military m»Mi, wlm vvcir 01, ly whtf-
kert. The tuil-ni worn by the tir 11 i«
whitf, and Ci)nlill> of long piecit uf
thin linen made up to)rethrr in (i-veral
f«ildi. Nu on<- but a i'urk mult pie-
fume to wear a white turhiui. Their
clotlie'i arc lonn and full They lit, eat,
and llr^p on the floor, on cuMii' nt,
mattreUti, luul tirpets. Miny of their
mainu'M and culiomn ire coiitrnry to
the Englifli : they pull olF their (nnei
and keep the he. id eoverr«| on entering
a n.')ff|ue ; they turn m their toei ; tht y
mount on the riftl^t tide of a liotfc;
lliey put tluir jfiielta into a room tirft,
and out uf it h\(l ; ferve thiinfelves at
table III It ; they t^Kr th»- wall, and pifn
hiiftily, in fign of rrrp(\'l ; tiny dteni
belie.wlinp morr tlifgr.iceful than ftrnii-
glhij; ; tii<y cut the hiir from the head
Hiid leave it fill the chin , tliey invit • with
tlic h.iiid, by tlirovvinjr it h4ckvv,iid not
drawing it toward them; tiicinin)ninin^
habit JH vvhitc- In gencr.il, they are Vvry
mmieratt in eatiu.;, and their itie;il'< are
d'lpatehed with great halle Their
principal food is rice ; and th'* trut,'a!
r'p.ift is folli)vved by fruit and cild
water, whieh are I'ueceedcd by hot eot.
fee, and pipes with tob.icco- With
opium they procure what tliey call a
kiff, or placid intoxication. Ciieirt ami
draiii;ht8 arc favoiite ^muuvs; .ind ihc
cotFci lioufei and baths turnilh otiier
foiuces. of amuftnunt- Folyjjamy Is
allowed amoiijr them; l>ut their wivcs»
propi'rly fo called, aie no more ihku
four in number. The fiir fex licre are
kept under a rig'Hous cnntinement : the
Arabic woul ILnem, which liHiiiticsa

Tir n

ficml '^f pf^Mlil^rd thJi.jr, li. In lii full.
»rt ffnM', iilrit lM>ih nl Ihc hahltaiion of
the wu'nrii. tind of the womtn Oum-
f< Uf» 'l*he Turku |)«-llevr in on« (i>Ht,
u 1(1 that hU grrrai prophet U Vii)Hitn^«i t
ihcV »p|)r»»pr».ifr in ih.m(.lve« Ihr iume
of Mi.oi'lmm, whieh hi« Ik in cormiit*
fd liifo Mnni'lmen, rtgnifjinji iifrl<m»
profr-mtig Ihr dotMrl-e oi At fiairrf,
wliuh Itf t-alli Itlitmifin. Drinking
win.- i« ptolnl)itrd by Ihi' pr.phrt in
Jbe Koran, yri the i iirkn nuke ufr of
It OiC.trtmi.diy, wirhout any fcrupl«i
Iho'i^h Inlif^d of li they generally iitit
Iheiln t, II llipior m.Klf or honi-y, fpicei,
aiiil ihe Jiiiei' of fiuiu. Th« y eapanJ
griMt ium« en founi.ii n*, not only in ih«
lowni, hut in th* country, and other
fobt.iry pl.ieii, f,r the rrtnlliment of
tr ivcller* «nd I ihounrn Thiy ire cli i*
ritiblr tow.nd llranRvrnt Itt thi-ir re<
li;,'ion \k whit i( willi and no nition
luflV-ra ndverlify with ^freitir p.iticnce
than they. Ihr irraiid (uni«r ii al»-
ffdutr mailer of the ko id« and livei of
hi« fuhjed«, inf.imuch that they are
little hiMt.-r than lUvei. The Kfaml
vi/ii-r in tlie chief next the cmpeiorj
hut it it a tl,it;j{rn)i|i plaee, for he o'len
depnf.sthcm, aind ttkrn oirtheir heada
lit hib plcifure. Thonnh the irr.iml
fi.'nior fi n ftieh prodii.'ioui power, he
fJdom exl- nds it to pe Ion* in prlvatis
Mc. for thtle tnay remain ai ijuiet at iti
• ny other pirt of iln- wnrld The no-
bility amotij< the Turkii are tie elii-f
milil.uy t>irictr«. judKCS, and tceUli it-
tie* 1 he beglerbei'ti or vieeroyit, the
li.innwi or j^ovcrnorii. the fanj^iaen or
tlepiity-governor;'. and the «»mecr-. of
(t.ite, are, in geiieral, the children uf
Chriilian parentis, who .ire commonly
taken in war, orpurehaled Tht- 'i'urk*
have always very numerous arnnes oil
fool, the clilt'f of which are tlir janl-
faricK, who li ive bi en brttl in tlic le«
ra^din, and have u(ed mditary ddeipline
l"ri;m their Infancy. Of thtie they • avo
always 15,000, and time tn.iy be
lio.noo who havf that name. Th«»
tributary princ. k, an the priiu'" of
Moldavia and Wlaehia, are obiii;(d
alio to lend auxiiia>ies. The whole
Tin killi army mahis above 300,0 o
men. Their navy, which Is laid up at
t onft. mtii ople, codills of rdxmi 40
large (hips, but in line of w.ir auxi-
liary Ihipn are received fioni Al.'cra,
Tuni-J, and Tripo! ; tli'y alio buy up
or hire mtichanti lliip«, :Mid thus '..il'e
a fleet ufi^jl.ti!, exelulive ot galiies.
ConltaiUinopIc ie tin.* cv.pital of all
'i'uikcy.

.1 B 7,

M

T II S

Tinkhtitn', fee Durkliim.

Tnrhn, a town of Rudla, in tlic go-
vcrriincnt of Caiiciili.i, fitiiatc on the
Ciifpinn lea, 140 m s Adracun. Lun.
47 ir, K,l,it. 44 T5 w.

Ttirnns;nin, Cuf>r, a cape on the v. fide
of the n(>rthtTn ifl.iiKl of New Zealand.
Lnn. 176 j6 e, lat 40 28 s.

Tnrnaut a town of iJohcmia, in the
circle of Riint/laii, on the river Ifcr, 1 1
m NNK Jung Butzlau.

Titrnhoutf a town of th«^ Netherlands,
in Brabant, near which, in 1.1596, prince
Maurice of Naflau, with only Koo hoi ie,
totally defeated the Spaniards, confifting
of 6000. It is 24 m NE Antwerp.

Turon, a feaport of Cochinchina,
fituate on a bay of the fame name,
which affords a liifc retreat for th»
largeft fliips in the moft tempeftuous
ftafon. In the vicinity are plantations
of fiigar-canes and tobacco. Turon is
40 m SE Hue- Lon. 107 40 e, lat.
16 9 M.

Tttr/>a Cala, a town of Turkifli Ar-
menia, feated near the foot of a high
mountain, on the flopc of a conical hill,
on the top of which is a ftrong caftle,
100 m KSE Erzerum.

Turjhiji ; fee 'lWJ>tz.

Turfit an epifcopal town of Naples,
in Bafilicata, on the river Sino, 8 m w
of the gulf of Tarcnto, and 3osI\Iatera.
Lon. 16 32 Eflat. 40 25 N.

Tufai a town on the n coaft of Sicily,
in Val di Demona, with a ftrong caftle.
It is noted for excellent wine and oil,
andftand8onahighhill,i5mESECefala.

Tufcany^ a country of Italy, lately a
grand duchy, belonging to the houfe of
Auftria. It is lao m long and 80 broad ;
lounded on the n and e by the Eccle-
fiaftical State, s by the Mediterranean,
and w by that lea, the territory of
Lucca, and Modenefe. BeRde this, a
fmall part of the duchy, to the nw, is
enclofed by the fea and the territories
of Genoa, Parma, Modena, and Lucca.
Tufcany is divided into three provinces,
Florentino, Pifano, and Siennefe. It is
watered by feveral rivers, of which the
Arno is the chief. There arc feveral
mountains, in which are mines of iron,
alum, and vitriol ; alfo quarries of mar-
ble, alabafter, and porphyry, bcfide hot
t.iths and mineral waters. Many parts
of i*: are fruitful in corn and wine, and
produce plenty of citrons, oranges,
pomegranates, and other fruits. Manna
is gathered in the marfliy lands near
the fea, and the fait pits are rich. The
inhabitants are diftinguifticd by their
attachment to commercei and have ef*

TUY

l.iblillied various manufa^iires, pariT^
ciilarly of filks. ftufts, earthenware, and
jiilt leather. They are much viiited Ly
foreigners, on account of their polite-
ncfs, and hecaufe the Italian language is
here fpoken in its greateft purity. John
r.afton, the laft duke of Tufcany of the
l.jufe of Medici, died in 1737, without
leaving any heirs male. Hy the trea.*/
of London, 1718, the emperor of Ger-
many, Charles VI, had promifed Tuf-
cany, as a fief of the empire, to doii
Carlos, infant of Spain, as being the
nrarcft male heir; but, in 1735, wlit-a
the fovereignty of Naples and Sicily
was confirmed to that prince, he re-
noimccd his right to Ttileany, in favour
of Francis, duke of Lorrain, as an eiiui-
valent for that duchy, which he \\mX
ceded to France. Francis fucceeded to
the grand duchy in 1735, and he was
raifed to the dignity of emperor of
Germany in 1745, by which means
Tufcany became annexed to the houlc
of Auftria. In 1801, on the afcendency
of the French in Italy, tho Auftrian
archduke Ferdinand was obliged to give
up Tufcany to a prince of Spain, Loui?
the fon of the duke of Parma, to whom
the French gave the fovereignty by the
name of the kingdom of Etruria \ and
it was ceded to him by the treaty of
Luneville. In 1807, this country was
form? ly ceded to Ftiance. Florence is
the capital.

TufUf a town of SwilTerland, in the
canton of Grifons, feated near the tor-
reni Nolla, 16 m s by w Coire.

Tutbury, a village in StafFordfliire,
near the river Dove, 4 m nw Burton.
It has a confiderable cotton manufac-
ture, and formerly had a large caftle,
of which feveral towers and a fmall
part of the wall ftill remain.

Tutacor'wy a town of Hindooftan, in
the Carnatic, where the Dutch had a
fadory ; feated on the gulf of Manara, jq
m E by N Palamcotta, and 67 s Madura.

Tutlingent a town of Suabia, with a
caftle on a mountain, belonging to the
duchy of Wirtemberg. Near it is the
celebrated founder y of Ludwigfthal. It
is feated on the Danube, over which is
a bridge, 58 m ssw Stutgard. Lon. 3
48 E, lat. 48 2 N.

Tutura, a town of Ruffia, ir the go-
vernment of Irkutik, fituate on tiic
Lena, 160 m n Irkutfk. Lon, 10 j 40
B, lat. 54 40 s.

Tuxfordy a town in Nottinghamfliirc,
with a market on Monday, 13 m nnw
Newark, and 137 n by v; London.

Tuyt a city of Spain, in Galicia, atid

a bilhop's fc(
and ramparts
artillery, bci
Portugal. It
the river Mii
ind j6o wn^

lat. 4« 4 N-

'iWa, a tf
Caramania.at
lake to which i

Tiveed, a
x\(to from ni
partof Pecble
It divides th;
equal parts,
kirkftiire and
the boundary
England, and
at Berwick.

Tfweedmout
partef Durht
,nte on the T>
wick bridge,
fuburb to tha
T<wickenha>
feated on the
ford. Here
and two of t
ed : that wh
dencc of Po|
firft weepi j;
latid ; and St
retreat of the
of Orford.

Tycokzin, <
lachia, feated
Bielik.

Tydore, on
10 m to the I
Tynan, a
county of Ar
Tyne, a r:
formed by a
Cumberland,
on the bori
uniting a litl
large river, >
and enters tli
mouth.

Tyne, a rl
tonlhire, vvl
lidinburgflii
And enters tl
of Dunbar.
Tynemout
land, near t
has a caftle
cefllble on
that comm
river; and
A bar lies a
with fevers
Black Mid

\

TYN

J biJhop'* fee. It is furrounJed hy w.illr.
and ramparts, and well furnUhcd with
artillery, being a frontier town toward
Portugal. It (lands on a mountain, near
the river Minho, 58 m s CompolU'lla,
ind a6o wnw Madrid. Lon. 8 31 w,

lat.4> 4 ^•

Tuzla, a town of ATiatic Turkey, in
Caramania.at the wciti-rn extremity of a
laketo which it gives name, 48 m n Cogiii.
Tweed, a river of Scotland, wliich
lilco from numerous iprinj?8 in the s
part of Peeblesftiire, called Tweed I'muir.
It divides that county almoll into two
equal parts, crofles the n part of Scl-
kirkfliire and Roxhiirgfliire, then formb
the boundary bctwen Berwxicfhirc and
England, and enters the G^.man ocean,
jt Berwick.

Tiveedmoutlh a town in the detached
part ef Durham called Iflandfhire, litu-
ate on the Tweed, at the s end of Ber-
wick bridge, and may be deemed a
fuburb to that borough.

Tivickenham, a village in Middlefex,
feated on the Thames, 3 m ssw Brent-
ford. Here are many handfome villas,
and two of tljiem particularly celebrat-
ed : that which was the favorite refi-
di'iice of Pope, who here planted the
firft wcepi g willow that grew in Eng-
latid ; and Strawberry hill, the elegant
retreat of the late Horace Walpole, earl
of Orford.

Tycokzirtf a town of Poland, in Po-
lachia, feated on the Narew, zz m nw
Bielfk.

'fydore, one of the Molucca iflands,
JO m to the » of Ternate.

Tynan, a tow>n of Ireland, in the
county of Armagh, 7 m w Armagh.

Tyne, a river in Northumberland,
formed by a branch from the e part of
Cumberland, and another from the hills
on the borders of Scotland. Thefe
uniting a Uttle above Hexham, form a
large river, which flows by Newcaitle,
and enters the German ocean, at Tyne-
mouth.

Tyne, a river of Scotland, in Hading-
tonlhire, which rifes on the borders of
Edinburgfliire, flows by Hadington,
md enters the German ocean to the w
of Dunbar.

Tynemouth, a towri in Northumber-
land, near the mouth of the Tyne. It
has a caftle feated on a high rock, inac-
cclTible on the fea fide ; a ftrong fort
that commands the entrance of the
river ; and extenfive military barracks.
A bar lies acrofs the mcuth of the river,
with fcveral rocks about it called the
Black Middins, to avcid which there

TZU

are llghthonfei. Tynemouth has rorn-^
<:onriderable (alt-works ; and here, and
at Shields, large veflels take in their
Io.iding of coni and goods brought from
Newcaitle. The numh r of inhabitants
was 3856 in 1801, and 5834 in 1811.
it is 9 m KNE Ncwcaftle, and 277 n by
w London.

'j'l/re ; fee ^ur-

'lyrol, -x princtly county of Germany,
ii. the circle of Aullria; bounded on
tilt N by Suabia and Bavaria, k by the
duchicH of Salzburg and Carinthia, s by
Italy, and w hy SwiflTerland. Though
a mountainous country, the valleys are
fertile in corn and wine, and it has an
excellent breed of cattle. It likewife
yields fait, all kinds of ores, and various
forts of precious Hones. The principal
rivers are the Inn, Adige, and Eyfach.
The country is divided into three parts;
Tyrol, properly fo called, the principa-
lity of Trent, and the principality of
Brixen. It belonged to the houfc of
Auftria, but was overrun by the French
and Bavarians in 1805 ; and by the treaty
of Piefburg was ceded to Bavaria. In
it?09, it was formally ceded to Italy.
Infpruck is the capital.

Tyrone, a county of Ireland, in the
province of UHter, 46 m long and 37
broad ; bounded on the n by London-
derry, E by Armagh and Lough Ncagh,
sw by Fermanagh, and w by Donegal.
It is divided into 35 parilhes, contains
about 28,700 inhabitants, and fends
three members to parliament, It is a
rough country, but tolerably fertile.
The capital is Dungannon.

Tyjied, a town of Denmark, in N Jut-
land, with a citadel ; feated on the gulf
of Lymford, 4^, m w Alburg. Lon. 8 25

E,lat. 5654 '-•

Tyvu, oi Tei-vy, a river of Wale.i, ia
Cardiganflilre, which iflues from a Lake
on the E fide of the county, and flows
by Tregannon, Llanbeder, Newcaftle,
and Cardigan, into Cardigan bay.

Tzaritzyn, a town of RufTia, in the
government of Saratof, feated on the
Volga, 120 m Nw Aftracan. Lon. 45 25
E, lat. 48 o N.

Tzernitz, a town of European Tur-
key, in Romania, near the river Tzerna,
32 m NNE Adrianople.
. Tzi-vilji, a town of Ruflia, in the go-
vernment of Kafan, 56 m w Kafan.
Lon. 47 25 E, lat. 55 40 N.

Tzurucliatu, Staroi, a town of \uflia,
in the government of Irkutlk, feated
on the Argunia, and the borders of
China, 160 m se Nertchinlk. Lon. 1 ig
3a E, lat- 49 18 N.

%.■ *

VI

! K

1 ■>■■ ..■;,

\M ■

\ll

1

\

VAI

U. V.

VatiJI, St. a town of Fi.iricp, in the
department of Maiiche, willi h liriall
hai'l)oiir and fome fall-vvurkh, 14 in 1 sE
Clierl)uijj;.

Ihi/n-j, a town of Francf, in tlie tlt-
pirfniriit of Avciron, lately an tpif-
copalicf. It liar. manufatftmi'S of f.rges,
dimities, and cottons ; and ftands at the
conflux of two linill rivers th,;t flow
into tlie Tarn, 30 m isi; Rodtz, and 33
E All>y.

yaclia, a town of Germany, in Upper
HefTe.oii theriverWerra,4c in sKCairel,

Voche,^\\ ifland of the VV liulics, of a
triangular form, 24 m in circuit. It is
13 m from th(» s coalt of St. Dommgo,
Lippofile St. Louis.

(■'achclufe, one of tho Lipari iflands, 3
m to the s of Stromboli.

I'ada, a town of Tufcany, at the
mouth of the Cecinn, 26 m sst Leghorn.

Vaducurray , a town of Hindooftan,
in Malabar, with a neat fort on the top
of a hill. It is a place of confidirable
trade, and ll^mda on the fcacoaft, at the
N end of a long inland navigation, izm
SSK Tellicherry.
^U Vadagary^ a town of Hindooflan, in
the province of Madura, 64 m ssw Ma-
dura.

Vadin. a town of European Turkey,
in Btirarbia, fituate on the Danube, ya
m w Nicopoli.

Vado^ a town of the territory of
Genoa, on a bay of the Mediterranean,
3ms Savona, and 24 sw Genoa.

Vadejhin, a town of Swwlen, in Goth-
lard, where the kings of Sweden had
a palace, now in ruins. It is feated on
the lake Wetter, near the river Mota'a,
32 m VV Nordkopint:.

Vadutx,, a town and caftle of Suabia,
in the principality of Lichtenftein, i6 m
sLindau-

Vaena, a town of Spain, in Andalufia,
feated on the Callro, 23 m se Cordova.

Vaigatch \ fee fVaigatz.

Vaihend, a town of Perfia, in Segef-
tan, on a river of the fame name, 40
B) ESE Arokhage.

Vaihingen, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemberg, feated on the
Enz, i8 m nnw Stutgard

Vaifon, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Vauclufe ; lately a billiop's
fee, and fubjedl to the pope. It is leat-
ed on a mountain, near ttu- river Oreze,
and the ruins of ancient Vaifon, which
\ was one of the largeft cities of the Gauls.

V AL

It 11 82 m NE Avignon, and 13 Sig

Mont* lim.ir.

I'iiU a villafTc of the Netherlands, 3
mvv Mai (tricht, where in 1744, mar.
ftial Saxe (ibininc« a vidory over the
dul'e of CMmbrland.

I a! di Drrtmnci, a province in the ne
angle of Sicily. It means ihe vallry of
demons, and is io calh-d from .^l()Ultt
Etna, which occifioned ignorant nnd
fnpnftitious people, at the time of its
tiery eruptions, to believe it was the
chimney df hell. The capital is Meflina.

Pal di Mazara, a province in the w
angle of Sicily, (b called from the town
of Maz.nra. It contains Palermo, the
capital of the whole iflan<l.

/'<?/ di Ni'to, a province in the .«t
angle of Sicily, 16 called from the town
of Notn, it? capital.

Valaisi a country in the sw part of
Swillerland, lately a republic, but now
lubjedt to France, it is a valley c f 100
m long and 20 broad, between ridges
of very high mountains, among which
are the Great St. Hernard, Simplon,
Grimfcl, Furca, and others, whofl' fum-
mits are never free from liiovv. The
s chain A-parates it 'Vom Milantfe,
Piedmont, and Savoy; the n divides it
from the canton of Bern. The country
is divided into Upper and Lower Valiiij.
The former reaches from Mount Fulca,
its E boundary, to the river Morge,
below Sion ; and the latter from fh.it
river to St. Gingou,on the lake of Ge-
neva. A country confilting of plains,
elevated val'ies, and lofty mountains,
muft necefflirily exhibit a great variety
of climate!^ and profpedts. The pro-
du(5tioi)s mult vary alfo according to
its fiiigular diverfity of climates; for
ftrawberries, cherries, plums, pears, and
grapes, in their natural growth, may be
tafted in the fame day. It has more
than fufficient wine and corn for the in-
terior conliimption, the fo'l in the mid-
land and lower diftriiits being excctd-
ingly rich and fertile ; but in the more
elevated parts, barley is the only grain
that can be cultivated with lucceis.
The inhabitants profels the Roman ca-
tholic religion, and they have no manu-
factures of any confequence. In i8oj,
Valais was conftituted an independent
republic, under the guarantee of France,
Swifleriand, and Italy ; but, in 18 10, it
wa!> annexed to France, and made a
new department called Simplon. Sion
is the capital.

Fiikkoivar, a town ef Sclavonia, feat-
ed on the Walpo, near its conilux with
the Danube, 70 m wnw Belgrade.

V AL

VaUai, a town of RiiflTia, in the go-
vernment ot N ViifHirod, on the fulc of
1 aki- of the f <m ' name, iUrr'ninded by
hill" Tlip lalcL- is jo m in circuit, and
Iisn :in idand in the middle, on which ia
i conv'iif furrounded by trees. 'Ihe
town coniains ffvcral briclc buildings ;
and the wooden houfcs are more deco-
rated than the generality of Ruflian c^t-
ugt's. ti87» m SB Novugorod. Lun.
J} 44 R. lat. 57 50 N-

VaUajneSt a town of Portugil, in
Tr.i loR Mi^ntfS, 9 m ksf. MirandoU.

I'uiJeiuron, a town of Spjin, in the
piovmce of Leon, n -ar the fource of the
iilla, 38 m NK I^eon.

f'aU cabras, 1 town of Spain, in New
Callilc, 10 m NNR Ciienza.

} alditcomu a town of Spain, in Cata-
lonia, r5 m 8 by w Tortola.

raldemorot a town of Spain, in New
Caltile, 13 m s Madrid.

Valdi-penaSf a town of Spain, in Man-
cha, 2H m RSE Ciudad Real.

Faldlgem, a town of Portugal, in
Beira, near the Douro, 4 m ne Lamego.

Faldivia, a city and feaport in the
Indian part of Chili, built in 1552 by
Pedro do Valdivia, after he had con-
quered the country. It is furrounded
hy walls built of earth, and defended
by feveral forts and batteries ; the two
entrances} of its capacious harbour have
alfo numerous pieces of cannon on each
fide. The city and its diftridl extends
from the ocean about 36 m long and
18 broad, on both fides the river Valdi-
yia, in the midft of the country occu-
pied by the Araucanians. The diftridt
abounds in valuable timber and the
pureft gold dufl. The city (lands on
the s fide of the river, 10 m from the
Pacific ocean, and zio s Conception.
Lon. 7z ao w, lat. 39 46 N.

Faience, a city of France, capital of
the department of Drome, and a bi-
fhop's fee, with a citadel, and a fchool
ot srtiliery. It is furrounded by walls ;
and the grcateft part of the public
places, and many private houfcs, are
adorned with fountains. BiMide the
handfome cathedral, there are many
other churches, as well as convents.
It is feated on the Rhone. 30 m n by e
Viviers, and 335 s by e Paris. Lon. 4
52 E. lat. 44 55 N.

Faience^ a lovvn of France, in the de-
partment of Lot and Garonne, on the
river Garonne, 12 m se Agcn.

Falenciai a province of Spain, for-
merly a. kingdom ; bounded on the n
by A.r.ii;ou, ne by Catalonia, e by the
Mfditerranean, s and sw by Murcia,
and w by New Caftile. It is aao m

VA L

long and from 20 to 6o broad, and the
niolt plt-afant and populous cotuUiy in
Spain ; for here iluy ft.jtjy a perpetual
fprini;. It is watcreil liy a gre.it num-
ber of ftrtams, natuuil and aitificial,
and fer ile in all th.- n-aHaric* of life,
cfp(cially rict- , fruit, oil, and wine. In
thi' mountains are mine, of iron and
alum, and qnarrii-s of marble, jafper,
and lapis c.daminaris. Hire is alfo
much filk, cotton, rmd hemp ; the ina«
nufadtures of which aie I lie cm (i' of a
confiderable population Notwitlutind-
in;; all this aliundance, the V;ilt ncian
ptaf mtry are V( ry poor.

Faknciat a city of Spain, capital of a
province of the lane iianu-, and an
archbifliop's lee, with a umvcifuy. It
contains 12,000 hMiil'ts vvithinthe walls,
befidc thofe in the fuinobs and pKafure
gardens around it. winch amount to the
fame number. Tlie citticdral has one
fide of the choir incrufled with alabaf-
ter, and adorned with paintings <-f fcr'p-
ture hiftory. The pal.icc of the vice-
roy, that of Ciuta, the monaftery of St.
Jerom, the exchange, and the urfLnal,
are ail worthy of notice. Here arc
flourilhiiig manufactures of cloth and
filk, and feveral remains of antiquity.
The city was taken by the earl of Pe-
terborough in 1705, and lolt again two
years after. In 181 2, after a bombard-
ment of four days, it furrendered to the
French. It is ieated on the Guadala-
vla, near the Mediterranean, 130 m ese
Madrid. Lon. o 27 w, lat. ^9 27 n.

Valencia, a city of Terra Firma, in
th(; province of C'aracis. The principal
church is on the f. fide of the great
ftiuare, and lome of the ilretts are well
built, but the houfes are in general low
and irregular. It was nearly doftroyed
by the great earthquake in 1812- It is
fitu-'te in an extenfive phiin, near the
lake Tocurigua, 57 m sw Porto Cabel-
lo. Lon. 68 30 w, lat. 9 50 n.

Valencia <^'/i/ffl«/«r^, atownof Spain,
in I'^ltremadur.i, with an old caftle It
is furrounded by walls, and (lands on a
rock, near the frontiers of Portugal, 28
m sw Alcantara, and 45 nnw Badujoz.

Valenciennes, a city of France, in the
department of Nord. The Scheldt Hows
through it in feveral branches, and here
begins to be navigable. It is large and
populous; but the (beets are narrow
and crooked, and many of the houfes
are of wood. The citadel and fortifi-
cations were conllruited by order of
Lewis XIV, who took tliis town from
the Spaniards ; .and it was confirmed to
him by the treaty of Nirneguen.in 1678.
In 1793, it was taken by the allies,

:v;i

M

%^

H 1- (

mi

^*i

I ( i

VA L

afttr a (evett fiege ; but it furrendered
to the French in 1794. 'Ihis city is
noted for tlic nianpfaiJlurcs of lace,
woollen ftulFs, and cambric. It is 28 m
8E Ufle, and 130 nne I'uris. Lon. 33a
Kjlat. 5011 N.

Valentine, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Garonne, 9 m ne
8t. ticrtrand.

yalenza, a town of Italy, in Mi-
laneic, capital of Lumelline. It has
been often taken,' and is ft>ated on a
mountain, near the river Po, i% m esb
Cafal, and 35 ssw Milan.

Valenza, a fortified town of Portugal,
in Entrc Douro r Minho, feated in an
eminence, near the river Minho, oppo-
fiteTuy, in Spain, and 30 m NNwBraga.

yalejira, a town of Italy, in Mode-
ncle, 12 m sw Modena.

i'aletta, a city of Malta, the capital
of that iljand, and wonderfully ftrong
both by nature and art. It is feated
on a peninfuhi, between two of the
fintft ports in the world, which arc de-
l\;nded by almoft iinpregnnble fortifica-
tions. That on the SE fide of the city
is the largeft ; it runs 2 m inland, and
is furrounded by fuch high grounds,
that the largeft ihips may riJe in the
moft ftormy weather, almoft without a
cable- This bafin is divided into five
diftinft harbours, all equally fafe, each
capable of containing a vaft number
of fhips. The entrance is fcarcely a
quarter of a mile broad, and is com-
manded on each fide by ftrong batte-
ries, fronted by a quadruple battery,
one above the pther, the larj;;t.'ft of which
is on a level with the water. The har-
bour on the N' fide, though only ufed
for filhing, and as a place of quaran-
tine, is likewife well i.efended j and in
an ifland in the centre of it, is a caftle
and a lazaret. Valetta has three gates,
and the ftreets are all paved with flat
fquare fti .ie?. The houles are neat,
and built of ftone ; the roofs forming a
flat terrace plaftered with pozzolana ;
and moft of them have a balcony to the
ftreet. The principal buildings are the
palace of .the grand mafter, the infirm-
ary, the conlervatory, and the magnifi-
cent church of St. John. The pave-
ment of this church is compofed en-
tirely of fepulchral monuments of the
fineft marbles, porphyry, lapis lazuli,
and a variety of other valuable ftones.
There are fbme other churches Hchly
endowed, and feveral convents. The
great fourcc of water that fupplies Va-
letta rifes near Citta Vecchia, and is
thence conveyed by an aqueduft, eredt-
ird at the expenfe of one of the grand

V AL

mafters. Notwithftandingtl.e AippofcJ
bigotry of the Maltc(c, here is a mnfc|iic,
in which the TurkKh Ilaves are permit-
ted to ciijny their leligion. The inlia.
bitnpts areiftim.ited at 50,000, andli.dl'
of them sre did to be foreigners. 'IV
Turks hcliegcd this city xi 1566; but
after many dreadful afTuiltH, were com-
pelled to raife the firge, with tho lijfi
of3«,ooo men. It fiirrendt-rtd to the
French, undiT Bonaparte, in 1798; and
they, in 1800, furrendrred it to the
Britifli, after a blockide of two years.
Valetta is 70 m su of Cape Paflaro, in
Sicily. Loii 15 34 e, lat. 35 .^4 n.

Falette, a town of France, in thede-
partment of (harenic. la m a by e
Angouleme.

Falkenburg, or Fauquemont, a town
of the Netherlands, iu Limburg. In
1671, 't was taken by the French, who
deiDolilhcd the fortifications, it is feat-
ed on the Geule, 8 m e by n Waef.
ftricht.

Falladolid, a city of Spain, in Leon,
capital of a principality of the fame
name, and a biihop'» fee. with a univer-
fity. It is furrounded by ftrong walla,
has long and broad ftreets, and is adorn-
ed with handfome buildings, fquares,
and fountains. The marketplace, call-
ed El Campo, is 700 pace? in circuit,
furrounded by a great number of con-
vents. There are 70 monafteries and
nunneries!, the fineft of which is that
of the Dominicans, remarkable for its
church, which is <inc of the moft mag-
nificent in the city. The kings for-
merly refided at this place; and the
royal palace, which ftill remains, is of
very large extent, though but twoltoriej
high. The tovvnhoufe takes up the en-
tire fide of a fquare. The hocle of the
inquifition is an odd ftruflure, for there
are no windows, but a few holes to let
in the light. Here are fomc woollen
manufadurej), and many goldfmitha nnd
jewellers ; but the number of inhabit-
ants does not exceed ao,ooo. The en-
virons of the city are covered with
gardens, orchards, vineyards, meadows,
and fields. It is ffateJ on the Efciir-
va, near the Piluerga, 74mssELeon,
and 100 NNw Madrid Lon. 4 47 w^
lat- 41 42 N.

Valladolid, a city of New Spain, in
Mechoacan. See Mechoacati.

Falladolid, or Comayagua, a city of
New Spain, capital of the province of
Honduras, and a bilhop's fee. It is
feated in a plain, 280 m e Guatimala.
Lon. 88 zo w, lat. 14 35 n.

Falladolid, a town of New Spain, in
the N E part of Jucatan. The environ^

V AL

Moduce abundance of cotton. It 13 94
m F by 3 Mcrida.

Valleltnifat a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Ultra, 18 m knb Nicotera.

yallemnot, or ^almont, a town of
France, in the department of Lower
Btine, az niNW Rouen.

fallen fa I/, a town of Franco, in the
department of Iiidre, feated on tiie Na-
bon. 28 m N by w Chateauroiix.

I'allenf^in, a town of Swin'crland, in
a county of its name» united to liie
principality of Neuchattl. It is feated
on the Seyon, 3 m nnw Neuchatel.

ValUrSt a town of France, in the de-
partment of Indre and Loire, noted for
mineral water, 4 m nw Tours.

Valkry, St. a town of France, in the
department of Somme, at the mouth of
the river Somme, whofc entrance is
dangerous. It is 10 m wnw Abbeville,
and 100 N by w Paris.

Vallery en Cau.v, St. a town of Frar.«.e,
in the department of Lower Seine, near
the feacoaft. William duke of Norman-
dy failed hence when he made his de-
fccnt on England. It is 15 m wsw
Pieppe, and 100 nw Paris.

lallier, St. a town of France, in the
department of Drome, near the river
Rhone, 18 m n Valence.

Vallona^ a feaport of European Tur-
key, in Albania, and a bifhop's fee. It
fupplies Upper Albania with the articles
of Italian mannfa(J>ure ; and exports the
oil, wool, and timber of the furrounding
country. It is feated at the entrance of
the gulf of Venice, near the mountains
of Chimera, 70 m s Durazzo. Lon. 19
36 E, lat. 40 48 N.

Vails, a town of Spain, in Catalonia,
with a manufacture of leather, 10 m n
Tarragona.

Valogne, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Manche, noted for cloth
and leather, 10 m sse Cherburg,and 50
WNvv Caen.

Valparayfii a feaport of Chili, in the
province of Quillota, with a good and
well-frequeoted harbour, defended by a
ftrong fort. Its proximity to St. Jago
has drawn hither all the commerce for-
merly carried on between that city and
Callao, which confifts principally of
wheat, tallow, leather, cordage, and
dried fruits. It is feated on a bay of
the Pacific ocean, at the foot of a high
mountain, 75 m nw St. Jago. Lon. jz
19 w, lat. 33 3 s.

Falperga, a town of Piedmont, 16 m
N Turin.

Valreas, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Vauclufe, 18 m NB Orange.

Fuls, a town of France; in the de»

VAN

partment of Ardccho, celebrated he
mineral fprinps. It is flatcd on the
Ardechc, i3 m nw Vivitrs.

htlleitne, or I'alle ulimj, i fortile val-
ley (>f Swideiland, Littly lubjovJt fo Ihc
Grifoiis, but annexed to Italy Ly the
French. It is 50 m lonij, iind frum n
to 15 broad, tnclofed between two
chains of high mo'iDtanjs: ilie N cli.iin
feparatesit horn I lit- CJrifons, the ;. fr(,m
the Venetian tcrritoruv ; on tlie f ■' is
bounded by the county ot Hormn. jnd
on the w by that ot Chiavana and thr
duchy of Milan. V\w livcr Adda (lows
through its whole kngth into the lake
Como ; and it is divided into three dif-
trifts, upper, middle, and lower, of
which the chief towns are Tirann, Son-
drio, and Morbegno. The in' .bitants
are all Roman catholics, and ".avc no
manufa(5tures ; but they expiit wkie,
Glk, plants, cheefe, outter, and cattle!
On the 20th of July, i6zo, there was a
general malfacre of the proteftants in
this valley.

Valvr. a town of Naples, in Abrnzzo
Citra- \n rn ssw of Civiia di Chieti.

Fim, a city of Afiatic Turkey, in
Knrdiftan, with a ftrong caf]!.- on ;i
mountain, in which the Tuik- k.ep a
numerous garrifon. It is gov ; ed by
a beglerbcg, and leaied near iti' •; end
of a circular lake of its name (160 m in
circuit) tJo m ne Bttlis. Lon aj ae e.
lat. 3H 28 N. " '

Fan Dhmcn Laud, an illand in the
S Pacific ocean, 160 m long and 80
broad, feparatid from the s part of
New Holland by Bafs ftrait. It was
difcovered by Tsfman in 164^, and till
i79y was deemed the s extremity of
New Holland. Cook called here in
1777, for fupplies of wood, water, and
grals. 'i'he natives were entirely naked ;
of a common ftature, but rather (lender,
the Ikin black, and the hair woolly, but
their lineaments more pleafing than
thofe of Negros ; the hair and beards,
and fome of the faces, were fmcarcd
with red ointment. They feem to pre-
fer birds to all other food. The hovels
refemble thofe of New S Wales ; but
fometimes large trees arc hollowed out
by fire to the height of fix feet. The
land is chiefly high, diverfifiod with
hills and vallies, which nre well wooded
and watered. The forell trees fccm to
be "11 of ore kind, growing quite ftraight
to a height proper for mjfts. The low
lands produce flowering fhrubs, and
odoriferous plants. The ouly quadru-
peds fcen were opoflums and kangaioos ;
and the birds cannot differ much from
thpfe of New Hoilandj to which there

l\

T A 1»,
\» Mn h were :i pafT^Kf by inf'nrn('(!Iatff
illfii. In 180 (t M Kiittl]i icttlami'Dt w :i«
» ItablKhttl oil th>' HK ci)x(t, iif.ir t!.e
mmithof the D'-rwrnt, intl iiumid H(»-
bnrt i it has a cliiircli, thr alt.ii »)<" •- iiicli
it (>v<T the vault of cnluticl ('"Iliny, the
fiirt hciiten.iMl governor, wha liicd \\ert
in iHi -. L( n. 148 io !• , I m. 41 :<o s.

Vaiiinm liadt^, a town o; Hindojltan,
ill 'Viviorc', fs m whw Arcot, and i;,o
E SfringipHum.

i'aiines, a fcap'rt of France, capit.il
of ihc (Icpattmtnt i M'lrbihan, nnd a
bifhop's lee. 'I'd*- pti'-cipal trade i« in
corn, har iron, and fifh. It ia fcatcd
on the gnlf of Mi>ii)ihan, 56 m sw
Hcnnen, and 1^5 w by s Paris. Lon. a

46 w, iat 47 39 N.

Var, a department of France, lin.Ujd-
inj; part of- tht- latt.- province ot Pro-
vence. It tai<e» iiH n inii' from a rivtr
which hai its fonrce in the county of
Kicc, and enters tlie Mfvliterranean,
4 m w Nice. Toulon is the capital

raral/o, a ftrong town (,f Italy, in Mi-
lantfr, on the rifcr Sefiii, and the fron-
tiers of Piedmont, 33 m s Aofta, and

47 WNvv Milan.

yarambott, a town of France, in the
department of Ain, on the rivtr Ain, 14
m S9E Bourg en Brclfe.

f^'arafdin, a town of Croatia, with a
caftle and a citadel; feated near the
Drave, 65 m nke of Carlftadt. Lon.
16 .12 E, Iat 46 25 N.

V'ardar, a river of European Turkey,
Vfhich rifi'3 in Mount ScarduH, and
ilows s through Macedonia, into the
gulf of Saloniea.

larella, a cape on the e coaft of the
kinj^dom of Ciampa. Behind it is a
mountain, remarkable for having a high
rocli, likt; a tower, on itii lummit. Lon.

ICQ 17 K, Iat. 12 50 N.

rarennes, a town of France, in the
department of Allier, feated on an emi-
nence near the river Allier, ao m s
Moulins.

Varemiesy a town of France, in the
department of Mrnfe. Here Lewis
XVI, his queen, fifter, and two chil-
dren, were arrcfl-ed, in their flight from
the Tiiilleries, in 1791, and c>indn>5led
back to Paris. It is 13 m ^v by n Ver-
dun.

Varefe, a town of Italy, in Milanefe,
where fomt' of the Milaiu-fc nobility rc-
fide. It is feated near a lake of its
name, and the Ibtirce of the Olona, 26
m Nw Milan. Lon. 8 51 e, Iat. 45

48 N.

Varhfly, a town of Tranfylvania, 40
m s Wciflenburg.
^Mrwas, a town of Terra Firma, in

the province of VeiK'/.iuli, and Ihf c*.
puai of a dillridl »)f its name, ceiehi.itt-J
for chocoUte, and al)*)imdift- in ,<||
H idh (<f fniit ItijiVonis* Vcn«:.
iuei :. Li'D 70 u w, Iat. 'i i„ .^i .

Varna^ .i itHport of Enropeut 'I'ur-
ki.y, ir. Bulg.Mia, and an arrhbilh.pi
fee. It is fiMted near the tnouMi ot thf
Varna, in the Black (i-a, aa n\ N MiIViti'
l.tia, and 145 nw CoKilanliur.p'c. I.on,
2S »H »., Iat. 4a 44 N.

f'ur^ri/, a town of Fiance, in tlic
dtpufin nl o. Njt>fre, 24 m '> Nevrru.

f'a/il, a town of UuMia, in the jjo.
VfM'iment of Novo^orod, fli'tite or. ihv;
Volga, 'o m K Novogoroil. Lon. 4^
44 I , Iat. 56 16 N.

f'ujulboroujr/i. a town of the dilhift
of M line, inT-anroln county, fcaitd 011
the K<'nMcl)ec, 9 m n ll.illowell.

y(ll/j/, a town of France, in the tie-
partniLiit of Upper Marnc. In !^6i, »
bloody perfecution of the protelt.iiUs
beg,in here, l»y order of the duke of
Guile. It ib feated on the Blaife, lu m
NW Joinvillc.

Vatan, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Indre, 8 m Nw Iflbudun.

lat'tca, a feaport of European Tur-
key, in Morea, fituate on a large bay to
which it gives name, 44 m su Mifitra.
Lon. 23 2 N, Iat. 36 38 ^f.

fauharit Fort ; fee Louij, Fort.

Vauclufe, a department of France, in-
cluding the county of Venaiflin and ter-
ritory of Aviguon. It takes its name
from the foHniain of Vauclule, urn 1
Avignon, celebrated by Petrarch. The
chief town is Avignon.

raucouifurs, a town of France, in the
department of Meulit, on the lide of a
hill, by the river Meufe, 23 m se Baric
Due.

Vaudemontt a town of France, in the
department of Meurte, 18 m s byw
Nancy.

Fawjllle, a town of France, in the
department of Manche, on a bay to
which it gives name, 9 m w Cherburg.

VauxhalU a village in Surry, feated on
the Thames, 2 m sw London. It ij
celebrated for its gardens, which, as a
place of public entertainment, are the
tinert in Europe.

Vaypura, a town of Hindooftan, in
Malabar, feated at the mouth of a fitie
river, down which much teak timber is
floated. It is feven m s Calicut.

ilbeda^ a town of Spain, in Andalufia,
with a ftrong caltle; leated in a ieilile
country., near the river Guadalquiver,
22 m NE Jaet». . ,

Uberkingerty a village of Suahia, m
the territory of Ulm> a m wsw Goflm-

|clt'bi.ii,.4
in „||

'»" 'I'lir.

h'l'ilii. PI

'h ot the

''t. 1-on,
|e. in tlic

iN'fVrfs.
I tilt iio.

|t«-' oi, ih^.
Loii. 43

ie (liifiiA
|fcaU(J oil

the (!e.

n :.^62,i

rotirt^iitj

dulu' of

ifc, 10 ra

UUI

j|r<T. ft ha^ l)ath« of rninerAl wnter,
vvlii'i' .11^ tiMicii tVcqueii'id.

/ irtiiM^fn, u loiv'ii of SiialM.i, lately
.nipwii • ill th" county cf Fiirllt-nhtirj:,
Til' pnncipHl tr.ule is in com to Swif-
ji'iLiiid; atul ncnr ii arc t'ainods batliu.
It is IC'itt'vl on a high r.ick, near the lake
of t'onftuicc, II veil m n Ciinil nice.

I'i'/rr/i'j, a town of Bohciuii, in Ihu
cin le of ' tirudin, lo in UNB Chnidiii.

l/>;, St. iW Setiivalf a f'ltificd Ita-
poit of PortiiKtl) ill I'lrtfifTiaiUira, wiili
a llroiig citadel, and :i g()>-d liuhoiir,
il' ft'iidt'd hy ihrt'i' !'.)rt8 It is tiiiilt on
the ruins of tht- aiic t'lit Jv'tobii^a, at
th'' head of a bay, nrar the inlliix of the
(^adaoii, ami has a pood trade, p.irticu-
l.iriy ill lalt, ol vvlnch a great quantity
is lent lo the colonics in America. It
lUiids at the end of a plain, 5 in lon^::,
exLremily fertile in corn, wine, and
liuit ; the n end bounded by tnoiin-
taini', covered with piiiei and other
treed, and containing quarries of jal'pcr
of fcveral colours. It i;j zz m sn Lif.
bon. Lon. 8 54 \v, lat. 38 jii n.

Ubigau, a town of the duchy of Sax-
ony, featcd on the EUler, 28 in sh Wit-
tcnberij.

i^by, an iflawd on th« e fide of ths
entrance of the gulf of Siam, io m m
(Circuit. It yields good water and plentf
of wood. Lon. 104 46 e, lat. 8 55 n.

Ucnyal'i i^f^ A/>urtmac-

UcftJo, or Uzeda, u town of Spain, in
New Caftile, with a caftle; feated on
the Xarama, 32 m nni Madrid-

Ucier, a river of Germany, which
iiTues from a lake of the fame name,
■ear Prenzlo, in the Ucker mark of
Brandenburg, flows N into Hither Po-
nieiania, and, being joined by the Ran-
do, enters the Frilch HafF, at Uckcr-
niunde.

Uciermmde, a town of Hither Pome-
rania. in the duchy of ^ltetti^, leated on
the I'rifch HafF, at the influx of the
Ucker, 82 m Nw Stettin.

Uddei'alla, a feuport of Sweden, in
the province of Bahus, fuuate on a hay
of the C.i egat. The hoiifes are built
of wood painted red and yellow, and
the ftreets are ipacious. It lias a. itroiig
fort, an arfenal, rope-walks, and tar
and iron works ; alfo a trade in iron,
planks, and herrings. It is 46 m n Go-
theburg. Lon. 11 56 u, lat 58 20 n

Udina, or Udine, a city of Italy, ca-
pital of Friuli, with a citadel. It con-
tains 16,000 inhabitants, and in 1750,
on the fuppreflion of the patriarchate of
Aquileia, was made the fee of an arch-
bifhop. A treaty betvyeen the Auftrians
and French was figiied here in 1797. ^t

V E H

5« Iratcil in a large plain, on ths rivnr
and CMiiil called La Uoia. 2n in sw
A(|uileu, and 65 nu Venice. Lon. 13 3
E, lat 4(1 11 N.

i/ihijhi, a town of Siberia, in the
government of Irkiitik, frated on the
8elmga, i;o m k IrUuilli. Lon. 108 20
k, l,y. 520 N.

I'di^u, a town of Hindoodan, in Ca-
uara, ir- ir which is a liiiall fort. Here
are three tcmplei, placed in a common
f'lnare, aul fiirnninded by 14 convents.
It Itiiulg atnid ric.' fielil*. beautifully
intermixed with pilm pirdeiiH, 2 m
froni the lia, and j6 n.\w M mgdore.

_ Vj/ioi, a town of .Sil,cria, in the pro-
vince of 01;o;lk, lituate on the Uil, joa
ni iw Okollk. Lon. i:)5 30 e, Ut.
55 d ^-

i'c/it, :\ river thit riles in Weftphalia,
near Muiilter, cioll'est the counties oi
Stenfort and Hentheim, a'ul enuring
Oveiyd'el, paniH by Omnit n, Haflclt,
and Swartlliiys, below which it enters
the Zuider y,<e.

ytc/it, a river of Holland, which
branches off Iroin tlie old channel of
the Rhine, at Utrecht, and enters the
ZiiidiTzee, at Muyden.

yi-fkta, Atnwn and fortrefs of Weft-
phalia, in the principality of Munlter,
on a river of the fume name, 27 m s
Oldenbnrjr, and 35 nnk Oliiaburg.

Ffdenjioi, a town of Ruffia, in the
government of Archangel, fituate on
the Vokfcha, 200 m Esi Archangel.
Lon. 46 44 E, lat. 58 45 N.

Feere ; fee Tervere.

f^effa, a town of Spain, in Afturiai,
near the coalt, 34 m nw Oviedo.

Fegat a town of Spain, in the pro-
vince of Leon, 22 m nne Leon. — An-
other, 55 m w Leon.

Vega, a town of St. Domingo, featcd
in the largeft and fineft Talley in the
ifland, on the river Yaque, 65 m w Sa-
mana.

I'egayman, a town of Spsin, in the
province of Leon, 28 m nne Leon.

Vegliat an ifland in theguUof Venice*
on the coaft of Dalmatia. It is 90 m
in circuit, rocky and badly cultivated,
but produces wine and filk, and has
fmall horfes ia high eftcem. The town
of the fame name has a good harbour, a
ftrong citadel, and is the lee of a bilhop.
Lon. 14 56 E, lat. 45 22 N.

Vegliana, a town of Pie<!mont, on an
eminence, near the river Doria, i» m
NW Turin.

Feh, a town of Hindooftan, in Moul-
tan, at the jundtion of iheSctltdge with
the Indus, 63 m ssv; Moultan. Lon.
70 5 E, lat. 29 8 N.

^' E N

t'eirost a town of I'orliigal, in Alcn-
tt>jo, fcatrj on the Anhaluur.), lo m
l»w Portalrgre.

k'ci/inlurg, a town of RufTii, in the
Rovrrnmont of Revel, nrar the gulf of
I'inl.itiil, 56 m P. \<t:\^\-

f\it, St. a town of Germany, in (\i-
riiilhiii, with an olil calllc ; rc.it»>d at
the condiix of thi* Glan and VVunich,
8 m N Clagent'iirt.

f'fit, St- in llbia; i'fc Viuwe.

ielii, a capo on thi" n coall of Tcira
Fiima, 160 m KNt St. Martha. Lun.
71 15 w, lat. II 30 N.

ydoi/, a lato province of France,
bounded on the n by Fort-z, w by Au-
vcrgne, ^ by Gcvaiidan, and f. by Vi-
varez. It is full of high mountainr,
covered with fnow the greater part
of the year, but abounds in cattle. It
now forms the department of Upper
Loire.

relbtirfr^ a town of Bavaria, in the
principality of Neuburg, with a de-
cayed caftK', am NW Ralifbon.

yddftttzt a town of France, in the de-
partment of Sarrc, lately of Germany,
in the palatinate of the Rhine, with a
cattle. 'I'he environs produce excellent
Mofclle wine. It is fcated on the Mo-
felle, 19 m NE Treves.

fe'etri, a town of Italy, in Campagna
di Roma. Here are large fc|uare8
adorned with fine fountains, and n mag*
nificent palace belonging to the bifliop
of Odi.i. It is feated on an eminence,
18 m bi Rome.

rc/ez de Gomara, a feaport of the
kingdom of Fez, with a caltle, feated
between two high mountains, on the
Mediterranean, 120 m nne Fez. Lon.
4 o w, lat. 55 10 N.

K-lex. Malaga, a town of Spain, in
Granada, near which is a conlidcrable
nianufadlure of playing cards. It is
feated in a rich plain, between two
rivers, near the IVltditerrancan, 13 in
E by M Malaga, and 62 sw Granada.

fclika, a town of Sclavonia, on the
river Bakawa, 10 m e Cnietz, and 60
NW Foi'ega.

J'ekre, a town of Hindooftan, in the
Carnatic, with a large and beautiful fort,
which, having been chofen for the re-
fidence of the family of the late fultan
of Myfore, is ftrongly garrifoned ; but
the males of the family have fince been
removed to Calcutta. The town, which
belongs to the nabob, is pretty la.ge,
and well built. Above it arc three forts
on as many hills- It is feated on the
Paliar, 14 m w Arcot.
fe/tzen ; fee Ultzett.
fenafro, a town of Naples, in Terra

VKN
di Lavoro, feated near the Volturnt,
2.5 m N by w Capua.

lenaijirtt « fmall but fertile county
of France, lately depending on thr pope,
but now included in the dcpattment of
Vauclule. Carpentrai was the capital.

tenant, St. a town of France, in the
department of Pas dt Calais, on the
river Lis, 6 m n by w IJethime, and
if At. Dunkirk.

Vcnaf'iuet a town of Spain, in Arngon,
in a valh'y of the fame name, and on
ilic river Fllara, 47 m nne Ualbaftro.

/ 'fntifque, a town of France, in the dc-
partnient of Vaucliite, on the rivtr
Nafqiic, 10 m ESB (arpentras, an'] :3
t.tiv. Avignon.

Vencaticlieri/t a town of Il'ndooft.in,
in the v. part of Myfore, ceiU d to tin-
Lnglidi by thi* treaty of ocriug.ipatam.
Mere an; tho remains of the raj.ihs
palace, and 'the ruins of a fort. Near
tliiH place iron is fmcltcd from bl.i.ck
fand. It is 57 m w Arcot, and 58 t Daii.
galore.

I'encff a town of France, in the dr-
partment of Var ; lately ii bifliop's ice.
It is 9 m N Antibes, and g w Nice.

I'enJee, a department of France, in-
cluding part of the late province of
Poitou. It is fo called from a fmali
river of the fame name. Fontenny Ic
Comte is the capital.

Venden, a town of Ruflia, in the go-
veinment of Riga, on the river Aa, j6
m ENK Riga.

I endome, a town of France, in the
department of Loir and Cher, on the
river Loir, 30 m ne Tours, and 95 sw
Paris.

/ 'cndrell, a town of Spain, in Catalo-
nia, S.5 m wsw Barcelona.

f^enerui, a town of Piedmont, which
took its name from a magnificent huiil-
ing-feat built by a duke of Savoy. It
has manufa(5lures of wool and filk, and
Hands on the Stura, 8 m nnw Turin.

J^enezuelii, a province of Terra Firma,
in the government of Caracas ; bounded
on the N by the Caribean lt?a, e by Ca-
racas, s by New Granada, and w by
Rio de la Ilacha and St. Martha. It
fpreads round a gulf of the lame name
(which reaches 90 m inland and is 80
broad) and the lake of Maracaybo.
When the Spaniards landed here ia
1499, they obferved fome huts built
upon piles, in an Indian village named
Coro, in order to raife them above the
Aagnated water that covered the plain )
and this induced them to give it the
name of Venezuela, or Little Venice.
Near the ieacoaft are high mountains,
the tops of which are barren, but the

faw^r p!»rt< In the vail
|ri)|il iH found in the 1
'|'|i« pruviiiee it faid t
inbabiiaiitf, who raife

lli'cp,

mHnufa».*turc I

^iid cultivate cxcelltn

Itnezutta, or f'oro,
province of Vcneziitl
rfiid a bilhop's Ire.
by the great carthqii
jtandii on a peiiiiiful;
the gulf of Venezuela
caybo. Lon. 70 1 5

i'enicf, a late cebb

Italy, which compit

j;ado, Padiiano, Vic

Brel(:iano, Uergamo, C

di Rovigo, i'revifano

nefe, Cadoiino, and

lllria. The governme

before it was fubvcrt(

was ariftocralic, for

any Ihare in it but

doge was eledled by a

and the ducal cap v

head, with great ceren

church. He held hii

and his ofiice was to a

fea, in the name of

prefide in all aflembli*

have an eye over all tl

ni.igi(lracy ; and to n

benefices annexed to 1

Mark. On the other

five councils, whict:

power, that he has b

to be, in habit and Hal

thority, a connfellor ;

loner; and out of it,

'Ihis conllitution, hi

longer exifts. In 179;

happened at Venice,

French foldiers were 1

feized the city, and

fionary democratic g

foon after, by the 1

Formio, the city and

nice, lying to the n a

Adige, was ceded to /

in equivalence for th

houfe had loft in the :

the remainder of the

nexed to what the F

the Cifalpine republi

menced a fliort war

and France, and by tl

at Prefburg, the due

Riven up ; and the v

Venice is now a part ol

kingdom of Italy. '

Titories on the contii

j above (and which, by

wefometimes called

faw^r parti in ilw valley are fertile ; nnd
fo\t\ Ih foiiiut in the litndt of the rivi'm.
rite pruvincp it r<)id to contain 100,000
inb.«biiaiit«, who raifc great niirnbirH of
llircp, manufavMnrc li>mi' cotton (tuirsi,
^iid cultivate excellent tobacco, cocoa,
iinil Tiigir. Set* Trrra I'irma.

ymczutla, or < 'orot the capital of the
province of Vcncziith, in Terra I'irma,
rfiid a biiliop's lee. 'I'hia town luHe'ed
by the great carthiinake in 1811. It
ftands on a pcninriila, <in the b fulc of
ihe gulf of Venezuela, 6 ) m tNu Mara-
caybo. Lon. to 15 w, Ut. 10 55 n.

Venice, a late cchbratcd npublic of
Italy, which conipieher '.'d the Dn-
fjsiio, Paduauo, Vicentino, Veronele,
Breiiiiano, Bergamo, C.'remalco, I'olelino
di Rovigo, I'ruvifano, Fcltrino, Bellu-
nefe, Cadoiino, and part of Friuli and
lllria. The government of the republic,
before it was fubvcrted by the French,
was ariftocralic, for none could have
any fhare in it but the nobles- The
doge was eleded by a plurality of voles,
and the ducal cap was placed on his
head, with great ceremony, in St. Mark's
church. He held his dignity for life ;
and his office was to marry the Adriatic
fea, in the name of the republic ; to
prefide in all aflemblies of the ftato ; to
have an eye over all the members of the
migiftracy ; and to nominate to all the
benefices annexed to the church of St.
Mark. On the other hand, there were
live councils, which i'o limited his
power, that he has been juftly defined
to be, in habit and ftate, a king ; in au-
thority, a counfellor ; in the city, a pri-
loner; and out of it, a private perfon.
Ihis coiiflitution, howflwer, now no
longer exifts. In 1797, a tumult having
happened at Venice, in which fome
French foldicrs were killed, the French
feized the city, and inftituted a provi-
fionary democratic government : but,
foon after, by the tre.ity of Campo
Formio, the city and territory of Ve-
nice, lying to the n and w of the river
Adige, was ceded to Auftria as a duchy,
ill equivalence for the dominions that
houfe had loft in the Netherlands; and
the remainder of the territory was an-
nexed to what the French then ftyled
the Cifalpine republic. In 1B05 com-
menced a ftiort war between Auftria
and France, and by the treaty of peace
at Prefburg, the duchy of Venice was
given up ; and the whole territory of
\enice is now a part of the newly oredled
kingdom of Italy. The Venetian ter-
I ritories on the continent, enumerated
above (and which, by way of diftinftion,
: are fometimes called the Terra Firma)

VKN

arc dt liribed in their rerpci*l!ve place-).
Venice va« «)ncc one of the molt pow-
erful cu.'nmerci.il ami maritim»r ftate"*
in I'airope. For thin it wai iiulebted
at firll, to th*" monopoly of the com-
merce of Imlii; the produvfti of that
country being conveyed, in thf middle
ages, up the gulf of Ferlia, the I'iu-
phrates, and the Tigris, as far as Bag-
dad ; thence by laiul, acrof* the defert,
to Palmyra; and thence to the Medi-
terranean pons ; and, afterward, tht
liipplying of the crufaders with provi.
lioMH and military ftores was an addi-
tional l()urce of opulence and powir.
All this declin. 1, however, after the dif-
eovery of the Cape of Good Hope by
the Portuguele, in i486 ; which, in its
confecincncts, has reduced Venice from
a ftate of the highcft fplendour to com-
parative inlignificancc. The Venetians
are lively and ingenious, extravagantly
fond of amufcmtnts, with an uncom-
mon rclilh for humour. They are in
general tall, well made, and of a ruddy
brown colour, with dark eyes. The
women are of a fine ftyle of counte-
nance, with expreflive features, and a
Ikin of a rich carnation : they are of an
cafy addrefs, and have no avcrfion to
cultivate an acquaintance with ftrangers
who arc properly recommended. What-
ever degree of licentioufnefs may pre-
vail among them, jealoufy, poifon, and
the ftiletto have been long baniftied
from their gallantry. The common
people diCplay fome qualities very rarely
to be found in that fphere of life, being
remarkably fober, obliging to ftrangers,
and gentle in their intcrcourfe with each
other.

ren'ice, a city of Italy, and a long time
the capital of a territory of the fame
name. In the 4th c( ntury, when Atiila
king of the Huns ravaged the n part of
Italy, many of the inhabitants aban«
doned their country, and retired into
the iflands of the Adriatic fea, now
called the gulf of Venice. Thefe iflands
being near each other, they found means
to join them, by driving piles on the
fides, and forming the channels into
canals, on which they built houfes, and
thus the fuperb city of Venice had its
beginning. It is the fee of a patriarchy
and ftands on 72 little iflands, about 5
m from the mainland, in a kind of la-
guna or lake, feparatcd from the gulf of
Venice, by fome ifiands, at a few miles
diftancc. Thefe iflands, in a great mca-
fure, break the force of the Adriatic
ftorms, before they reach the laguna.
The number of the inhabitants is com-
puted at i6«,ooo, and ihey have a flou-

\

t ■■%>, !i

-, i

RS f-i t

V R N

lidiing tradi'iii (ilk m.iiint°at.*\ur«ii bone*
laciv and 4II fotttof ^1 tll'c* *in\ mitron,
whicli m;ik«' tlifir principal employ
miMti. Moll of ilic lioiirtit hrivc • tioitr
up«.iiin)( iipiiii ii LMiul, ,ii)(l iiiolhi-r 1 in
«lti^i't;i)y mcrftiK ill whicii, .Muiul'tiu?
bridt^rN, .1 pffrfon m;iy go to aluiD't .my
part of the i'Hv ^y Lind, 4t w* II .ii tiy
\v:it<T. I'ht tin-. IH, in ^iixrul, arc
n.iri iw; and lo arc ihc caiuli, rxcrpl
the CinitKl canal, tvluch \* vtiy tu<>4d,
and ha» 4 i'crptiiune cottiiir iluou^h
the miilillc of' till" city 'I'hni' iie
lii'.nly t,no hridj(p« In Viiiicc; tin' wh't
piil'it for rncli Aie oiity fiMglr an:tici
tlir \Mi ov>'r thr c,m il' J moll of tlum
vrry p.ilny 'I'-e Unlto c .iiliUi ;«lli)
i»t ;t fnmW- .irch, h«i a v< ry loMo oik*,
•1tid o\ in.nliK*. hiiilf ac> ilH llif ((rand
canal, near tlir iiiid'ik, wlirrr it is the
iiarriw«(l : !»ii.. cilf lir.if»'d arch \» qi
ti'«t wide on the li vr| of the canal, nii'l
24 flit lii.;h. 'Ilic hi aiity of it is irti-
pnircd by two r wi of bi.u'hn nr lli'ipn,
which divide its upper I'liificc inio
three narrow rtrcts I lir vifw from
t!i«' Uialto la ••qiiaily lively and mi^iii-
licunt ; the lanal covered by hor.t.-i and
i;oikIoI.is. .ind Hiiilvid on «-,tth li It!
l>y ni.i^jnificent p.4lai'ts, churvlui. .md
Ipircd. The only pi, ice where a perl'on
can walk with t-ilt* and lafety i-, mi the
Piax/.a tli St. M.irco ; a kind of incjjii-
lar (iiiadranjrle, formed hy a niitni.er
of buildings, all of marble . namely, lli«.'
<luiai palace; the chmciieii of Sf. Mark
and St Gcminiano; and a nuUle range
of buililiiigs, in which arc the iiuiliu'ri,
the public library, the mnit, &c. 'I he
patriarchal church .if St. Mark, one of
the richtft and tiiDft expcnlivc in the
worlil, ib crowne^l by live domes; and
the trealUry ia very rich in jcwcU atid
relics. The churcht-s and convents arc
numerous, in whiclt the tnolt admirable
part are tht: paintings ; and inflcfd Ve-
nice, highly lenownn! lor valuable paint-
ings, far furjpaffes, in this relpetit, <vcn
Rome itfelr. 'I he ducal palace i-. an
immenft building: before the fubverliim
of the republic it contained the apart-
tnents of the doge; halls and chambers
for the f'enate, and the different coun-
cils and tril^unals ; and an armoiy, in
which a groat number of mufkits were
kept, ready charged, that the nobles
might arm themUlvts on any fudden
iniurredlion. The arft-nal is a fortilica-
tion 3 m in compafs : before it w.is pil-
laged by the French, it contained arms
for 60.000 foot and ao,ooo horfe, ar-
ranged in an ornamental manner; and
iSoo men were daily employed in build-
iog (hip8) cailing canouns, making ca-

vnn

litvi, r.iil.1, nnchxr*. ^<•. The haiulf.ii^
(Irtisiure cilird II T .iitica di lV«lc|^hl,
C'lfitaimntt }} lliopn and 100 roan.i |,
that where the Orrm^n merchants liy
flu ir c inrnnditic*. I tic hank of Vcivoe
i« iiipp iiiil to be the \^T^\ of the kuulm
liiirope, alter the model ol which th.i:^
of Ainllir.fam and lluii!«nr({ wrrcdli.
biillied. Inthiicitya t.itnoti.. carnivj
it In Id fr.m L'iui(lma-« till Adiwidnct.
day ; in all vviiich time libertinilin rH|;ni
tlirou^h the c'ty, anil thoiilandi of („.
rri^ncrh, lr((|Uiiit it trorn all pat|« (,!
Ivnr.ipi'. Tlie chnf •li'ciliont ^T^ r;.
do'tos and maf(|ueradix i and S' M.iri(.
pl.ici i" the gener.tl uti.lezvoun. Vc-
nice in inclndf'il in the province cili ij
the DojMilo, and ii laj in n.'^i. fly.
rcnre. and 14? k. Milan, l.on. laiji,
lat 4<; J7 n.

I^enite. (iiil/nf a fca, orftulffft'/
Mcditi-irai.c 111, between Italy ami Ti;>
key in iiuropc It it the .incirnt Ailri-
atieum Mare, and ii Hill f(»mi;imft
called t'le Adriitic Sea, 'J'hcrc aa
many illmdK in it, and nianv h,iy4 or
imall gills m) each cn.dt. Thei^Mnii
ceremony of the doge <tf Venice mairy.
iiig the Uliiiiic anntiaily on Afccnliw
Day, by drejiping inf<» it a ri:i^; fromhi*
bneenianr, or iKiie barge, attcndfilby
ail tile nulnlity and a'nba(ridor>. t ^'on.
ilolts, WIS intermitted in 17 7, for il;t
firft linv for (iveril centiiiies.

I'fnio, a Ihoiig town of the Nrth:r.
landh, in Upper Gilelderl and, And 1
place of tracli for meichandile coming
from the adjacent countries. In i;e:,
it runeiiilcrcd to the allies, and wu
confirmed to the Dutch bythebiriitr
treaty in 1715. It was taken Lythf
French in 1794. It ib feited on the 1
lide of the Mmife, oppofite Fort St
Michael, 12 m n Ruremondc. Lon, ^
6 K. lat. 51 ij X.

I'fKofa, a town of Naples, in BiHII-
cata, on the river Ofanto, 13 m ^"
Acercn/a.

lentade Cruz, a town of Terra Fitm'.
in the iUlunua of Darien, and on thf
river Ch.igre. Merc the Spaniards nfc I
to bring the mttchandife of K'r'jand
Chili on mules from Poiama, ;ind W'
bark it on the river for Porta Bello. Ii
is 20 m N Panama.

t^etizone, a town of Italy, in 'i"
country of Friuli, Qtuate on theTagii-
amento, 18 m n.ww Fiiiili.

I'tra, a town of Spain, in Gianadj,

34 m NNE Almeria, and 80 r Granada

yera, a town of Spain, in Navaric,

on theBidaiToa. 28 m n by w p.iniplws

yera Cruz, a city of New Spr.in, HI

Tlafca'ui, on the gulf of Mexico, jnJ

1705 all its f

VF.R

thf c»pit«' of an rxjf ullve diftriCt .ilnnpr
the coil*. ' •"* Ixrhi.iir li d^'frrntfiHiy
a fort, lUuittf ill! '< rock of tltir til itut
8t. Jinn t!«* IHim, m.uly adjtjininij I'hii
pori irt thf cJiHf of the uealurc muI
mtrchAmlil- of New Sptiii, nrul it rr-
Cfive* much E ImJii pnuliicc l»y wty
of Ac-ipiilco from llic Philip;)ini' ill m.U,
wliioh «n« ht'iice cxpoitfl to Miir'tpc
xiiit thf W liitliiM. An .Hinuiil r.iir U
liclil hcrr for \\\f rich riKrcliifulifo of
the OUi world i 'ind fnch crowd* of
Spiniards attrnd, th.it tviiti iirc rrcvJUd
f.ir their accotnmodatiDU. Tin? H'c of
till* town is f.rnoub on aoconnt <if ihc
Imding of Cortr/, in i.si;. with 500
Sp.iniardnt wht-n he undertook tlu'con-
(|iu(l of Nlfxifo; and the Old Town,
16 m to the Nw, in deemed t'>c fn tl co-
lony founded by Cortc/. I'tn- city i*
bfintirully uid n^dirly hnilt, and of
m.itciials di!\wii from thv' buttom of tin-
(fa; for no ri)ck h to In- foniirl in the
rnvironii, nor any fpritiija of pot,d)lc
water, 111 ;it the heft is rain witrr pri--
iVrvi'd in ciftcrns 'I'he inhabitants arc
rHitnatcd at 16,000, 'X'-lulivi* of llic
militia and ffafgrinp pfoplc It Ih lyo
m K by s Mexico. I.on. ()(t 9 w, lat.

ti; I I N.

I'fra l*ciz, A province of Nfv '^p.iin,
in ti\«' aiidienct' of Ou.tiimali; boiiridc<l
on the N by Jiicatan, k by the bay «:id
provinct* of IIontlur.H, t) by Ciiatim.ila,
.*nd \v by Chiapa. It i^ full of monn-
lains and fortfts ; but tlitr(* ay*' many
iVitile vnlliea, which produce fomc coni,
and feed a ^reat nuuibt-r of hniloi and
mnli'9. Tiic principal commodities arc
drills, cocoa, cotton, and wool.

ftra Paz, or Cohan, a town of New
Spain, capital of tin* province »)f Vcia
Ha/, and a bifhop 8 iVc, but is iiicon-
fiiicrable. It (lands on a rivi;r, which
runn into the pulf Dulce, 120 m nr
Gnaiimala. Lon. <)i 2 w, lat, 14 46 n.

l^erii^ua, a province of New SiJ.iiii, in
the audience of Guatimala; bounded
on the N by the Caribian fea, k by the
province arid bay of Panama, s by the
Pacific ocean, and vv by Cofta R ca. It
is a mountainous and barren country,
but abounds-in mines of gold and lilver.
St. Jago is the capital.

J'friano ; fee Afaf^i^iore,

Verherie, a to'A n of France, in the
department of Oifc, on the river Oife,
lo m NE Scniis.

hrcelli, a city of Piedmont, lately
the capital of a lordfliip of the iame
name, and a bilhop's fee, and now the
capital of the depaf^tment of Scfn. In
1705 all its fortifications were demo-
iilhcd by the French. The towuhoufe,

VRR

the Rovemor'* piLiee. and the hofplt.il,
ftre hintlfo-jic Ikru. ttirfi. The iiih.iblt.
nntnarc illirnii li .it to,, oo Ititf-jtril
nt the cniiiVix of lhc C«'rvi with thg
S<ri.i, |« in Nit lurin. Luii. B Z4 «,

l.lt. tH ^1 N.

I trchoi-nik, (1 town of Ruirn, in th«
pivernmiUf of Irkutfk, li-iicil on the
i/'n.i, 1:0 in .V Irkuilk. Lm. 10535
»., lit. u o N.

/Vn/itf/M/./, <! town of Huffi,!, iu the
jrovernincut of Perm, and . bifhop'i
lie Thi« WJ« the firll f<)*;i the Kuu
llaim hndt in Silieri.i. It in (itu ife ue u-
the river 'I'ura, no m N Calli.irin»!u«
bur^'. L(>n. Ao 15 k, lat ,<H 41; n.

I rnt, Cafit, ,\ promontory on the w
coart iif Africa, us into the N" of iht
mouth ot the G uiibi.i. L^iw, 17 ]i w,
lat. 14 44 N.

^ <•/•</ liUiHtlj, Vapt, Ifland* In the At-
lat tic, ,1)) )ve 300 ni to the w of tim
CO. ll of Africa, between 1 ( ami u; m
lat. They are faid to havr f'vn known
to the ani'ients, under the name *)f Gor-

f^ades; hut not vilitcd l»y flic uiodcrni
ti'l dilcov-ercd, ill 1416, by Anthony
Noel, a Cicnoffe, in the crvit c of I'or-
tU|Ml, and recfivi'd thtir j.t leral name
To n their iituill'.n oiipofiu' C ipi- Vc rd.
They ate ten in ninntier, Ww^^ in a If
micircle, and nanud St. Attonio, St.
Vuicent, St. I.ucii. St NicjUs, Sil Ri).
P! villa. Mayo. St. Jago, Fu"j,'o, und
H: 'vo. St. Jif.'*) is the principal.

Vi-rdrn, a diichy of Geiriany, in the
circle of VVeftphalia, :H m lonj; and
nearly as nmch broad ; bjundi -I on the
w and N by lhc dui hy of Bicinen, and
V. and s by the ducl»y ol LumLiurg.
It conruls chifily of h'atlis and high
dry laudii ; init ilu re au' pood mar;h<;s
on the rivers VVci'er and Ailtr. It was
formerly a bilhopiic, which, at the
peace of W ■Uphaiia, was leculariled,
and reded to Swcilen ; in \<;\i it was
taken by theDancH, who, in J7 15. ceded
it to the eledoral honic of HiunCwick,
which ceirDn, in 171H, w,b confirmed
by the Swedes. The inhibilanis are
Lutherans

Verdeut a town of Wedplalia, capital
of a duchy of the fame naric. It con-
tains four churches, and is feated on a
branch of the Aller, 18 m ESii Bremen.
Lon 9 20 fc, lat 5» 5^ n.

V'lduriy a ftrong town of Fnnce, in
the deparimiPt of Meul'e, and a bfliop's
fee. It is divided into th. upper, lovvt r,
and new town. The citidel w:i,s con-
ftruded by Vanban. who was a native
of thii- place Hefide the cittiedial there
areac6llegiateand ninepariih churches.
Verdun furrendered to the Piufliar.s in

ft

VE n

%)i)i, hut W.1I rctukrn Uum afrcr It ii
fej»«il on the Mtiiff. ^H m n by r. liar
Ic Due. and 140 > by n |*Ari«. Lun. j
«,1 11, hi. 19 <) w

f'^rJuti, A town of Fruncf, in the ifc*
partmcnt nt S.v w .nut l.<»lrr, liMtcil on
thtr Siiitnct 4t the inRiix of thv Doubv,
30 m K by <• Autini.

I'erduH, .1 t''wn of 1'r.inir, h thr «lc-
pattmciit <»t Upper (i.irotmc. Icitcd on
the O.ironiu'i torn nnw Toulouftf.

t ^r^a, ;i town of )'!ino|)c«n Tiirkr^Ti
in Miculonia, 48 m w Salonici.

yertrirtt m luwii ot Ktillii, in ihi- ko-
vcrnm rt of Molcow, ^6 in vv»w
iMoCcow.

Vfrj^ititia, A town of Vi rmont, in Ael-
difon county, (iMt<d «hi Otiir trcrk,
6 m from irH mouth in l.akr Ch.impl.iiii,
and 10 N MiiUllfbiiry.

ytrinn, .1 town of iVrrii Firma, in the
province uf CumAn.i, ccli-hnitid for its
tobacco. It in iiiiintt' on a Kuli of the
Atlantic, 4S m >^ Cununa. Lun. 6j 44
w, lit, 10 8 M.

hrfHiinJyih a '-^'c territory of France,
In I'icardyi which, witli IIh- late terri-
tory of Soilfonnois, is now included in
the depart mt lit of Ailnc. It al)ount.!»
in corn, and excellent llax.

P'ernmniont a town of France, in the
dep.«rim<'ntofYoniic, MniH.iE Aiixcrre.
Vtrmejo, \ river that rifeH in Tiicu-
man, on liie bordera of Peru, Hows bi'.
to the I'arwjua, anti enters that river
a little abovL* ittjuniition with the Pa-
nara.

Ierm»nt, one of the United States of
America ; bounded on the n by Lower
C-'anada, f by the Conrndlicut, which
divides it fmm New Il^nipOiire, '' by
Alankchiiitti, and w by New York. It
is 157 m long and 6s broad, and lii-
vided into 11 counties; Windham,
Windfor, Ontngc, Caledonia, Ell', x,
Bennington, Rutland, Addiibn,Clutten-
dcn, Franklin, and Orleans. A chain
of high mountains, running n and 8,
divides the ilate nearly in the centre,
between thcriver Connedicut and lake
Champlain. The natural growth upon
this chain is hemlock, pin.', I'piuee, and
other evergreens : hence tlicy are called
the Green Mountains, and give name
to the ftate. The country is generally
hilly, but not rocky, and the foil is fer-
tile. It has numerous Itreams and
rivers, which all rife in the Gieen moun-
tains the iargeft are on the w fide, and
the chief are Otter creek, Onion river,
Moille, and Milchifcoui ; the molt nu-
ir erouii are on the t fide, and the largtft
are Weft >«"V(T, White river, and Poou-
I'oomi JO. Iron ore abounda in this ftate,

VEfl

and r<ndfri>lt (hrfrat of flniirl(h!ni;mf«
nufaOliir(« of ivrry thiiiK ih.ii c4m l^
nmdt' of iron and lirrl 1 thi* olhrr ehiif
nuniif^v'turr* are put and pr.irl .ii|i
mapli' ftiK^r, and Ipiriti in iMiolh,'
number of iiih.ttiit oiu w.it 317, un,
'I'h** prineipil lown is Bennington.
I'frHd, lee Ijhirt-
Itrntuil, ,\ titwii of France, In llu'tl.-.
partm«-nt nf Fore, (iateil on the Auu',
ft m sw Kvrrux, and 65 w by s I>4ri«

y^rntuilt a town of France, in the dr.
p'lrtmt-nt of Alltcr, ^ \n from the rivrr
Alli«'r, and 1 s > Moniins.

/irr/roif, a town of Franre, inlhi^de*
pirtmmt of Fntc, with a fortrrit .il
the end of the bridK<'t over the 8iini-, j;
ni »K K'tuen, at\^ 4a nw i*jrii.

I'rroh, It town of ll.dy, in C4n)p.i,^ti,|
di Homa, icated on the i'oU, thnc m j
Al.itri.

yerontit a city of Italy, capit.il of Vr.
ronefe, and a biniop's fie. It hju thrci
foritt, and is fiirronnded by thick waliii,
derp ditclieH, and good r;<mpart». The
river Adigf divides it ii;tt» two n.irti,
which communicate by four bntl^ti.
The ftrfetsareiieitherclcan n^r ftr.iiulit;
the lieft is th.it called th( Corfo, which
is pictty lonKi and there is a h.nidroiiM
fcpian- called the Fia//a d'Arini. Tlii;
city is famoUH for antiquities, arid th'
moft rematkable ftrui.*lure is a Kamin
amphitheatre, of which fcven rows ot'
benches of while marble are Hill mtirc •
but various repairs have been made from
time to time. In the townhoufe ar.'
tiie ftatucs of five illnilrious nativcn of
Verona ; namely, Calnllns, TEiniliiii
Marcus, Corncliiij Nepos, the elder
I'liny, and Vitruvius. Befule the ca-
thedral th«'rc are 48 parilh-churchcg, i;
other churches, 41 convenlH, and lii
hofpitals. The palaces of Bcvilacqua
and Scipio Maft'ei contain many •alu-
able paintings, anticpies, and other curi-
oiities. Moft of the buildivgH .ire of
marble, above 30 kinds of whicli ar*?
found in the neighbourhood- Thf prin-
cipal trade arilcs from the manuladurtJ
of filk and woollen, and next to thum
are thofc of gloves and leather. Near
the city is a delightful place, called
Campo Marzo, where two annual fuira
are held in May and November. Vt-
rona was taken by the French in 1796,
and retaken by the Auftrians in 1799-
It is ao m NNt Mantua, and 54 w Ve-
nice. Lon. II 18 F, 45 26 N.

yeronejit a province of Italy, in the
territory of Venice, bounded on the
N by Trcntino, k by Vicentino and 1 a-
duano, s by Mantuan, and w by Brel-
ciano. It is 35 m long and ^^ broad,

• I»

VER

in<l 4 vvry fcrtilr country. abAunding in
corn, witir, Umli Jiul cjtiU'

/ trovil -«, 4 « roiij^ town '»f '^cUvonU,
f<4lcti nrar ihc Drjivr, bs, m hw Lllik.

t'trrtrnj ■ town of I'lnimont, Mitti «
fi>rtrrl't to DrofiK by naturr 41 id Itc
ilrrirrd imprrgn4l>ltf. It It ij rn »«■
Ai)()4.an(l .15 m Turin

I'trrtfrtJ, « town of SwlrtrTland, In
the princlp^lily of N<iK-h4l«l. Thr
riiTiron* utf i-rtrl)r»lri| ftir cxrrllriit
Chcrlc. It ii 6 m km« i'lHii^iUcr, and
10 w«w Nt'iich4lel.

I'trrurt, t t'»wn of Ple«lmc)nt, In Mont.
frrr.it. In t705. it W4i b<'lifgr<l Uy thr
KrfrH h, who ilid not any it till attt-r
f'lK months when it wan irdiictd to a
hrap of mini, l»«*c)iure thi* comman<ter
had blown up the tortiHcitionn. It i«
fi,ur«l on a hill, iicjr the iivcr I'o, lU in
w Caral,and«o nr Turin.

Vtrfaillti,t town of Franrr, c.iplial of
thr dt'pirtment of S«'inr ami Oi(c. It
contain! 6 j,oog inhHl)il4iitN, and, fincp
thf" rcvolutioiit hai Ix'cn inHdc a hi-
ihop't fi-f. In the rrigti of Lrwii xiit,
it wai only a fm-ill vill.i({i'. in a fori'll
40 IT) in c'lK tiit \ and hcrr thik pniicr
built a hunting frat in i6jo. Lewis
XIV enlarged it into a miigniflcent pa-
lace, which was the ufii.»l rcfuhince of
the kingi of Frnncci till 1789, when
Lewii XVI and hit family wettr remov-
ed from it to Patii. The buildin^rN and
f;jrden*were adorned with a vaft mim-
icr of llatiifd, by the grcatcft maftem,
and the waterworks were magnificent.
TheKardenu, with the park, are 5 m in
circuit! and furrounded by walls. Vcr-
riillrsiH 10 m wsw Parii. l<uii. 2 7 v.,
lat. 48 48 u.

ytrjiiiUejt a town of Kentucky, chief
of Woodford comity. It in fc.'«tcd on a
fmall dream that flows into Kentucky
river, i.^ m w by s Lexington.

I'frfetz, a town of Huiipary, .ind a
bifliop's fee. It contains lume extt'ii-
livf b.irr.Kks; and near it aic thv ruins
Ota cadle. It is 18 m n Vipalanca, und
40 » 'remelwar.

Verjoix, a town of France, in the de-
partment of A in. Here, in 176a, an ex-
pf^nfivc attempt was made to form a
harbour, in oppolition to G'jn«.'va, but
it was foon relinquilhed. It is fcatcd
on the lake t)f Geneva, at the inllux of
the river V'crfoix, 6 m se Gcx, and 7 N
Geneva.

Fert Bay ; fee Fundi/.

I^'ertiu, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Marne, at the foot of a
9>ountain, on which are good vineyards,
17 m 8w Chalons, and 78 n f. Paris.

f^ervien, a town of the Nether laqds,

VES

In the teriltofy of Lirife, with 4 trad«
in cloth ( (ratrd on the Wesr, 4 a SW
LimburK, and i) ft«K i.bg«.

hfviiti, a town uf rrancr, la thcdt*
purtmcnt of Ailnr, famous lor a treaty,
to Mv**» l>etwctn ll»nry iv of Franc*
anil Philip II ol 8p.iin It is featcd ua
Ibe Herrr, 4* m m 11 Soilfont.

l\rruoU, a town of IMr(*mont, with
acaftle It is fuaound'd by an .mcicnt
will, (Linked with toweri, and U.\uA
in a fruitful fud, near ib« Vr4lia, j ni •
8.1I11//.U.

/ fjrUvt, a vlllapf of LlthnanU, on the
river Ucit7lna, u m wnw Burilow.
Ilete, in ilia, Bonaparte thnw twu
bridges over the river, and part of his
Mr. ailn|i army palled Hum on Nu».
«7, bnt being attack^ in the rear by
thi- KiWri.un, he immediately burnt thtf
bridges, and the remainder, which had
not paired, laid down t heir arms i all their
b.i^itaKC was t.ikeii, including wh.tt had
liern ftulcn from the churches and inha*
bitants of Mofcow. See Ztmbiit.

VtlUy, a town of Fr.iiuv, in the de-
partment of Ailhe, on the river Aiine,
10 m KNK Soid'ons.

Vtftul^ a town of Prancci capital of
the department of Upper Haonr. In the
v iiiity is a medicinal fprii^;. It is k.\\.'

at thf foot of a mountain, near th»*
liver DiirKi'on, 24 m n llclan^un, and
io/>KSKTroycs. Lon 6 I k, lat. 47 36 m.

Ft/firin, an epilcopal town of iinn*
gary, c.ipital of a county of the fame
nam*', with a calllo. It is feated on the
Scd, 19 m w by » Stuhlweilfenburg, and
70 ssE Prifburg. Lon. 17 57 », lat. 47
16 N.

Vefwvhu, a volcanic mountain of Ita*
ly, 7 m to the e of Naples. It is near
30 m in circuit at the bafe, and about
360U feet high. The bale on all fides is
covered with towns, which with the vil«
lagcsandvillasthatencirclethemtolome
height, may be faid to cover the lower
parts of the muuntain with fertility,
beanty, and population. I'he next te-
giuii is a iiienc of pcrfe^ deval\ation,
turrowed on all (iJes with itrcams of
lava, i'xtended in wide black lines over
the furl.Ke. The upper part has the
Ihape of a truncated cone ; it is cover-
ed almoit entirely with alhes, .nnd ex*
treinely difficult of afcent. The top of
this is a narrow ledge of burnt earth or
cinders, nearly j m in circuit, with the
crater open btnealh, about 350 feet in
depth. Its ftitp Ihelving fides are
formed of aflns and cinders, with f.<mc
rocks and maffcs of lava intermingled,
enclofing at the bottom a flat fpace of
about half a mile in diameter. To thtf
3^

■N
^^" ^

r

VTA

$ ofthii cone, feparated by a deep cIclT,
is a ridge called Monte di Sotnma, from
A town that ft.iinh near its ba(e : the
diftance between thefe two lummits, in
a ftraight line, is abou» 3000 feet. The
ridge on the fid« toward the cone prc-
fents a rugged pP'cipJce, i>ut tlic other
fideb Ihelve gently to ilie plain. The
eruption of Vffutiun in 'the yc.ir 79,
under Titus, was accotnijanifd by an
earthquake that overturned feveral ci-
tiet, pirticulatly Pompeii and Hercu-
laneu'^, and proved fatal to Fiiny the
natur«.ift. Great quantities of afhes
and fulphureou" fmnke v re carrit-d not
only to Rom«*, i>ut alfo beyond the
•Mediterranean into Africa. Another
violent eruption, in 1631, totally de-
ftroyed the town of Torre del Greco.
The eruption of 1 767 was the a^th from
the time of Titus, fince whic!i there
have been 1 1 others. Nuxt to thofe in
79 and 163 1, the eruption of 1794 was
the mcft violent and deftrudlive ; the
lava flowed over 5000 ^ res of cultivated
land, and the town of S orre del Greco
was again deAroyed ; the tup of the
csater likewiic feH '.a, and increafed its
dimenfions.

Fevay, a tow, of Swiflerland. capi-
tal of a bailiwic, in Pays de Vaud.
The principal manufadiire is hats ; it
has a large trade in chcel'e, and its wine
is in great eftiniation. It ftands near
the lake of Geneva, 10 m e by & Lau-
fanne. Lon. 7 0 k, lat. 46 a.5 n.

Veudrct a town of iranr^', in the de-
partment of A Uier, on the river AUier,
17 m NW Monlas.

Veynct a town of Franc< , 'o the de-
partment of Upper Alps, is m w by s
Cap.

Pezelayt a town of France, in the de-
partment of Yonne. In 1 56*, this town
being in the pofTtflion of the Calvinifts
was beGeged by the troops of Charles
IX without fuccefs, after the lois uf
1500 men. Iheodore Beza was a na-
tive of Vezela/. It is feated on the top
of a mountain , near the river Cure, a6
m K by s Auxerre.

f^tKelixei a town of France, in the
department of Meurte, leated on the
Brenon, js m s Nancy, and 14 se
Toul.

Ufa^ a government of Siberia, for-
merly included in tlm government of
Tobulflt. It is divided into the two
•provinces erf Ufa and Orenburg.

Cfa, a town tf Siberia, cipital of the
government of the I'ltme name. It is
feated 00 the river Ufa, near its conflux
with the Bie^aia, 760 m e by s Mofcovr.
Lull- 56 • F| lat. 54 ^« K.

VI B

Vffenheim, a town of Franconia,lin the
principality of Anfpach, with a caftle;
lituate on the Oollach, 15 m n by i
Rotenburg, and »a sk Wurtxbnrg.

Uxentot a towr* of Naples, in Terra
d Otrantu, 8 m w Alcffana, and 20 svr
Otranto.

L)(iet a tiver of Scotland, which
croflTes the n part of Aberdeeiilhire,
and enters the German ocean below In.
verugie, a mile n of Peterhead.

Vglianit a town of Piedmont, 9 m H
Ivrea, and iC ksk Aofla.

Ugliefi, a town of Ruflia, in the go«
vernment of Jaroflaul, with a trade in
leather and foap; feated on the Volga,
t5 m w JaroOaul.

Ugogna,A town of Italy, in Milanefe,
feated on theTofa, 16 m n Varallo, and
45 Nw Milan.

fiaJana, A town of Italy, in Mantuan,
feated on the Po, 8 m N P.uma, and i;
s Mantua.

yiana, a town of Spain, in Navaire,
feated near the Ebro, 4 m me Logron-
no, and 41 sw Pamplona.

yiaitoy a town ol Portugal, in Entre
Douro e Minho, at the mouth of the
IJma. with a good, harbour for fmali
vcflcis, defended by a fort, 20 m w by
N Braga.

ViandetJt a town of the Nctherlandi,
in Luxemburg, divided into the old and
new town by the river Uren. It haja
caftle, on an inacceflible rock, and ma-
nufac^tures of cloth and leather. It is
22 m N Luxemburg, and 22 nw Treves.

Vtanen^ a town of S Holland, with a
caftle. It was taken in 1672, by the
French, who demoliflied the fortifica-
tions. It is feated on the Leek, 7 m s
Utrecht, and 30 e by n Rotterdam.

Vtatka, a government of Ruflia, which
was formerly a province of Kafan. It
takes its name from the river Viatka,
which flows through the country, and
joins the Kama.

Fiatka, a town of Rudia, capital of a
government of the fame name, and a
bifhop's fee, with a caftle. It was for-
merly called Khlynof, and is feated on
the river Viatka, 100 m n Kafan. Lon.
54 IS t, lat. 57 25 *r.

ViaxmOf a town of Ruflia, in the go-
vernment of Smoleiiik. It covers a
gre.1t extent of ground, and has 31
churches, but is irregularly built, and
far from being populous. In itiz. the
greatcft part of it was burned by the
Ruffians, before they evacuated it on
the approach t)f the French. It is feated
on a river of its name^ 80 m kne Smo*
Itnflc.

Vihorg i fee Wiburg,

VIC

fie, a town of France, In the depart-
ment of Meurte, leated on the Seilte, 15
m F.NE Nancy.

Fic, or Hqufi a city of Spain, in Ca-
talonia, and a bifhop's lee. It is leated
in 'a fertile plain, on a fmall river that
flows into the Ter, 35 na N Barcelona.
Lon. a 13 E, lat.41 55 N.

He Bigore, r town of France, in the
department of Upper Pyrenees, fituate
on the Adoiir, u m n Tarbes.

Vic le Compte, a town of France, in
the department of Puy de Dome, with
a palace, where formerly the counts of
Auvergne refided. About a mile from
it are mineral fprings. It is feated near
the Allier, 15 m se Clermont.

Vic Ftzenfar, a town of Frarce, in
the depariment of Gers, feated an the
Douze, 15 m w Auch.

Vicfgrad, a town of^ungary, with a
caftie on the top of a rock, in which the
crown of Hungary was formerly kept.
It ie feated on the s (Ide of the Danube,
8 m SE Oran, and 16 vw Buda.

Vicentino, 1 country of Italy, in the
territory of Venice; bounded on the n
by Trentino and Fcltrino, e by Trevi-
fano and Paduano, s by Paduano, and w
by Veroncfe. It is ^5 m long and ^^
broad, and io pleafant and fertile, that
it is called the garden and flelh-market
of Venice. Here are alfo mines of filver
and iro", and quarries of ftone, almoft
as fine as marble.

Vicenza, a city of Italy, the capital of
Vicentino, and a bilhop's fee. It has no
walls, but is a large place, adorned with
above zo palaces from the defigns of
Palladio, who was bom here. The ca-
thedral is cinbclliflied with marble, and
has fome good paintings. There are
above 60 other churches, and in that of
St. Corona, the high altar and the paint-
ing by Paul Veronefe of the Magi pay-
ing adoration to Chrill, attradl particular
notice. la the fine fquare before the
townhoufe are two lofty columns, with
St. Mark's winged lion on one of them,
and on the other a ftatue of our Sa-
viour. T'.c other remarkable places
are the Monte della Pi(fla with its fine
library, the Palazzo Vechio with its ad-
mirable paintings, theTheatrum Olym-
picum after the model of the amphi-
theatre of Palladio, and the triumphal
arche'. in the public promenade of Cam-
po Marzo. 1 he principal manufa(ftures
are filk, uamafk, and taffeta. Ab lut 4
m from the city, on a mountain, is the
church of Delia Madonna di Monte
Berico, which is much frequented by
pilgrims,and hasa finefrontifpiece, with
a convent ciofe by. Vicenza i» feated in

VIE

a fertile plain, between two hills, at the
union of the rivulets Bachi(»lione and
Rerone, ai m e Verona, and 31 w Ve-
nice. Lon. I f 40 K, lat. 45 j8 N.

Vic/iy, a towd of Franct;, in the de-
pirtment of Allier, neir which are fome
mineral fprings. It is leated on the Al-
lier, 40 m s Moulins

Vico, a town of Naples, in Principato
Citra, near the bay of Naples, 5 m me
Sorento.

Vico, a town of Corfici, in which is
the cathedral of the bilhop of Sagona,
a town now in ruins It is feated near
the gulf of Sagona, 10 m nnk Ajaccio,
and ay sw Corte.

Vicovaro, a town of Italy, in the pro-
vince of Sabina, feated near the Teve-
rone, 10 m NRTivuli.

Victoria, a town of Terra Firma, in
the province of Caracas, with one of the
mod beautiful churches in the country ;
featod in a well-cultivated diltn(ft, near
the river Tuy, 30 m sw Leon.

Vi£loria Fort ; fee Bancout.

Vieljk, a town of Rnflia, in the go-
vernment of Vologda, fituate on the
Vaga, 156 m nne Vologda. Lon. 41
45 f-t lat. 61 40 N.

Vienna, a city of Germany, capital
of Auftria, and an archbifhop's fee. It
ftands in a fertile plain, on the right
bank of the Danube, at the influx of
the little river Vien. The city itfelf is
not of great extent, nor can it be en-
larged, being limited by ftrong fortifi-
cations, but it is populous, and con-
tains 78,000 inhabitaiils. The ftreets
in general are narrow, and the houfes
high ; but there are feveral fine fquares,
and in that called Jofeph-fquare, is a co-
loiTal equeftrian ftatue in bronze of
JoG'ph ir. Some of, the public build-
ings are magnificent ; the chief of them
are the imperial palace, the palaces of
the princes, the imperial chancery, the
imperial arfenal, the city arfcnal, the
mint, the general hofpital, the town-
houfe, the cuftomhoufe, the bank, the
library, and the mufeurT\^ Vienna was
incfFedtually bcfieged by the 'I'urks, in
15B9 and 1683. At the latter period,
the fiepe was raifed by John Sobiefki,
king of Poland, who totally defeated
the Turkilli army. No houfes with-
out the walls are allowed to be built
nearer to the glacis than 600 yards ; fo
that there is a circular field of that
breadth all round the city, which has a
beautiful and falutary efFe<ft. The eight
fuburbs are faid to contain 220,000 in-
habitants; but ihey are not populous in
proportion to their fize, for many houfes
have extcnfive gardens. Tht circuit oi'
3Ca

H I

ti-

ll

\l

Tip* * |.

VIE

the city and fuburbs is upward of 1 8 m.
Many families who live during the win-
ter within the furtificntiuns, Iprnd the
fummer in the fuburbs. The cathedral is
built of freeftone» and the fteeple con-
tains a bell of uncommon magnitudei
cafl out of the cannon taken from the
Turki). Joining to this church is the
archbifhop's palace, the front of which
is very fine. The univerlity had fevcral
thoufjnd ftudents, who, when this city
was befii'ged, mounted guard, us they
did alfo in n^i. The archducal li-
brary is much frequented by foreigners,
as it contains above 100,000 printed
books, and 10,000 manufcripts. The
archducal treafury, and a cabinet of
curiofities of the houfe of Auftria, are
great rarities. The Danube is here
very wide, and contains feveral woody
ifles, one of which is the prater, or
imperial park ; it alfo forms a fort of
harbour, where are magazines of naval
ftores, and (hips have been fitted out to
ferve on that river againft the Turks.
The trade of Vienna is in a flouriihing
Ante, and it has m^nufadures of fiik>
ftuffs, gold and filvor lace, tapeftry,
looking-glaiTes, &c. In 1805, this city
lurrendered to the French and their
allies ; but was given up by the peace
at Prelburg. It is 50 m w Prefburg,
350 USE Rome, and 570 e Paris. Lon.
16 16 e, lat. 48 13 N^-

Fiennat a town of Maryland, in Dor-
chefter county. It carries on a brilk
trade with the neighbouring feaportS;
and is fituate on the NanticokC) 1 50 m
9W Philadelphia.

y^ienne, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Ifere, feated on the Rhone,
over which it had formerly a bridge,
but only fome piers remain. In the
5th century, the Burgundians made it
the capital of their kingdom. Before
the revolution, it was the fee of an arch-
bifhop, and the capital of a province
called Vicnnois. The cathedral is a
bandfome Gothic ftrudlure. In 13 n,
a general council was held here, at
which pope Clement v prelided, and
among other matters, the fiippreflion
of the Knights Templars was determin-
ed. The commerce of Vienne confills
in wine, filks, and fword-blades- It is
15 m ssE Lyon, and 38 nw Grenoble.
Lon. 456 E, lat. 4^ 32 N.

Vienne, a department of France, form-
ed of part of the late province of Poitou.
It takes its name from a river, which
rifes in the department of Correze, and
flows into the Loire 5 m above Saumur.
Poitiers is the capital.

Vietmet (>/»•« a department of France,

VI L

comprifing the late province of Limofin.
Limoges is the capital.

Htrraden, a town of Brandenburg,
in the Uckcr mark, feated on the Vdli-,
near its conflux «iih the Ode, u ni
Ese Prenzlo.

1'ierz.on, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Cher, famous for its forges ;
Icated on the Cher, near the influx of
the Yevre, 17 m nw Bourges, and 48 %
by E Orleans.

VeiiH, a town of Naplii;, in Capita-
nata, on the gulf of Venice, m the place
called the Spur of the Boot, and at the
foot of mount Gargano, 35 m ne Man-
frcdonta. Lon. 16 40 E, lat. 41 51 n.

Viett St- or St, nt/i, a town of thp
Netherlands, in Luxemburg, near the
fource of the Uren, 24 m sse Limburg,
and 48 N Luxemburg.

yigan, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Gard, xxm wsw Alais,ai)d
3« wNW Nifmes.

Vigevanot a town of Italy, in ISIi-
lanefe, with a ftrong callle on a rock j
feated near the Tefino, 16 m sw Milan.

Vtgnoty a town of France, in the de-
partmen, of Meufe, on the river Meufe,
16 m E Bar le Due, and 24 sse Verdun.

Vtgnuola, or Hgftola, a town of Italy,
in Modeneie, 15 m se Modena.

Vigot a feaport of Spain, in Galicia,
fituate on a bay of the Atlantic, de-
fended by a fort on an eminence, and
an old caftle. It has a good harbour,
into which, in 1702, the Engliih and
Dutch fleet forced their paflage, and
made themfelves maftcrs of the Sp.mifh
plate-fleet, when jull arrived from Ame-
rica. In 17 19, the Englifli got pofTef-
fion of Vigo, but relinquifiied it after
raifing contributions, it (lands in a
fruitful country, 14 m WNwTuy, and
47 s Compoftella. Lon. 8 40 w, lat.
42 14 N.

Vibieis, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mayenne and Loire, ao m
s Angers, and so wby s Saumur.

Vilaine, a river of France, which rifts
in the department of Mayenne, pafTes
by Vitre and Rcnnes, divides the de-
partment of Morbihan from that of
Lower Loire, and enters the bay ot Bif-
cay, below Roche Bernard.

V?lla de Condey a town of Portugal,
in Entre Douro e Minho, at the mouth
of the Ava, 20 m N Oporto.

Ftlla FloKy a town of Portugal, in Tra
los Montes, 28 m s by w Braganza.

Villa Franca, a feaport of the county
of Nice, with a caiHe and fort. The
harbour is capacious, and the moun-
tains which enclofe it extend into the
fea like promontories. It was taken

VIL

by the French in 1705, by the French
and Spaniards in 1744. and by the
French in 1791. It is 3 m e Nice.

Villa Francot a town of Italy, in Vc-
roni'le, with a filk manufadure, 10 m s
Verona.

Villa Francot a town of Portugal, in
Eftremadura, on theelluary of the Tajo,
30 m N'E Lifbun.

Villa Francat a town on the s coaft
of St' Michael, one of tiie Azores, de-
fended by a fort and other works. Op-
pofite this place, half a mile from the
{hore, is a fmall idand, which has a
badn with a narrow entrance, where 50
ydl'ds might anchor in fecurity. It is
16 m B by N Punta del Guda. Lon. 35
30 w, lat. 37 50 N.

Vtlla Franca de Panadts^ a town of
Spain, in Catalonia, with manufadtiires
of fmall arms and linen, and feveral
brandy diltilleries, 18 m w by s Bar-
celona.

Villa Ihrmofot a town of Spain, in
Valencia, near the river Millas, $8 m n
Valencia.

Villa Hermofa, a town of New Spain,
in the province of Tabafco, on the river
Tabafco, 60 m sw Tabaico, and 7* ne
Cbiapa.

Villa de Horta, the capital of the
ifland of Fayal, one of the Azores. It
is feated on the w coaft, and has a har-
bour, land-locked on every fide except
the E and n£, and defended by feveral
forts. Lon. 28 41 w, lat. 38 3 a n.

Villa d^lnglejiast a town of Sardinia,
and a bilhop's fee, 35 m wsw Cagliari.

Villa Joio/ht or Joi/Ja, a town of
Spain, in Valencia, on the coaft of the
Mediterranean, 18 m eme Alicant, and
24 s Gandia.

Villa Nova d'Ajli, a fortified town of
Piedmont, 14 m w Afti.

Villa Nova da CerverOt a town of
Portugal, in Entre Douro e Minho,
fituate on the Minho, near its mouth,
27 m NW Braga, and 45 n Oporto.

Villa Nova de Portimao, a fortified
feaport of Portugal, in Algarva, on a
river that forms a fpacious and fecure
harbour, defended by two forts- It is
9 m ENE Lagos, and 42 w by s Tavira.
LoD.K 27 w,i^t. 37 12 N.

Filla Nova de Porto, a town of Por-
tugal, in £ntre Douro e Minho, feated
on the Douro, oppofite Oporto (on
which it depends) and defended by fe-
veral forts.

Villa Nova de Principe^ a town of
Brafil, fituate near the diamond mines,
130 m w Porto Seguro.

Villa Real, a town of Portug^, in Tra
lo» Monies, at the conflux of the Corgo

VIL

and Rlbera, 1 » m n by e Lamego, nd
38 SE Braganza.

Villa Heal, a town of Spain, in Va-
lencia, near the Minjares, 40 m nnk
Valencia.

Filla Heal, a town of Brafil, in the
province of Spiritu Santo, 150 m w by •
Spiritu Santo.

Fil/a Jiica, a town of Chili, on the
lake Malabangen, 60 m ne Valdivia.

Villa Vicio/a, a fortified town of Por-
tugal, in Alentejo, with an old caftle»
and a palace where the ilukes of Bra-
ganza formerly refided. In the fuburb
»8 an ancient temple, originally built to
the honour of i^roferpine ; and in the
neighbourhood are quarries of fine green
marble. It is 13 m sw Elvas, and 33 n e
tvora.

Villa Vicio/a, a town of Spain, in
Afturlas, feated on the bay of Bifcay, 32
m NE Oviedo.

Fi/lacli, a town of Germany, in Ca-
rinthia, with a caftle. Near it are me-
dicinal baths. It is feated" at the con-
flux of the Geil with the Drave, i6 m w
by s Clagenfurt.

nilaine, a town of France, in the
department of Mayenne, 16 m e by K
Mayenne.

Villalgardo, a town of Spain, in New
Caftile, feated on a hill, near the river
Gabriel, 50 m se Cuenza.

Fillalpandoi a town.of Spain, in Leon,
37 ms Leon.

Villamiel, a town of Spain, in Leon,
48 m s Ciudad Rodrigo.

Villarino, a town of Spain, in Leon,
on the river Douro and confines of Por-
tugal, 45 m WNw Salamanca.

Villedieu, a town of France, in the
department of Manche, 12 m nne
Avranches, and 18 se Coutances.

Villefurt, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lozere, 18 m e Mende,
and 19 N Alais.

Villtfranche, a town of France, in the
department of Rhone, furrounded by
walls, and feated on the Saone, 18 m n
by w Lyon.

Fillefranche, a town of France, in the
department of Eaftern Pyrenees, with
a fort ; feated on the river Tet, 25 m
•wsvsr Perpignan.

Villefranclie, a town of France, in the
department of Avei'on, with a great
trade in linen cloth ; feated on the Avei-
ron, 20 m w Rodez.

Villefranclie, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Garonne, on the
canal royal, 22 m se Touloufe.

Viilejuive, a town of France, in the
department of Paris, 4ms Paris.

FtlUmur, a town of France, in the

VIN

department of Upper Garonnet feated
on the Tarn, ii m nnb Touloufe.

VilUna, a town of Spain, in Murcia,
with acdllli", formerly of great flrength.
In the netghbuurhooi) iH a morai's, from
which fal': in made. It is i8 m ssk A1-
tnanza, and 5c n by e Murcia-

yUUneuve, a town of France, in the
department of Lot and Oaronne, on the
river Lot« 17 m n Agcn.

JUleneuve, a town of France, in the
department of Gard, on the river
Rhone, oppofite Avignon, 21 m f.ke
Ifi/Vnes.

f^iHeneuje, a town of SwiiTerland, in
the canton of Bern, at the E extremity
of the lake of GenevH, 3 m from the
intlux of the Rhone, and 14 ese L'^lU-
fannp.

ViUeneuve de f^ergt a town of Trance,
in the dtpartment of Ardeche, 13 m s
Privan.

Fillers CeteretJ, a totvn of France, in
the department of Ailre, iz m sw Soil-
ions, and 44 NE Paris.

yitl'inffen, a tow., of Suabia, in Brif-

f;au, ftrong by nature on account of the
urrotinilinp mountains and narrow
pafli's HfTc i' a B«?nedidline abbey,
and a good baih in the neighbourhood.
It is ao m E by N Friburg.

yU/eck, a town of Franconia, in the
principality of Bambcrg.near which are
leverai founderies. It is feated on the
Vila, 20 m N Amberg

Viljbofeny a town of Lower Bavaria.
I" 1745) ^'^^ Auftrians took it by dorm.
It (tands on the Danube, at the influx of
the Viils, 1 1 m w by N Paflau.

Vilvordetti a town of the Netherlands,
in Brabant, with an ancient caftle ; feat-
ed on the Senne, 7 m n n e Bruflcls

VIN

FiHCfnt, Cap* St. the sw promontory
of Portugal, a5 m w by « Lagos. Lon.
9 o w, lat. !?7 3 w.

yintent, ^V. one of the Caribe idamls,
in the W Indies, lying 55 m to the w
of Harbados. It is inhabited by Ca-
ribs, a warlike race of Indians, between
whom and th<? aborigines of thf larger
iflands there is a manifeft diftindlimi.
They are conjectured to have been ori-
ginally a colony from N Ameilta j »h:ir
fierce manners approaching nearer to
thole of the original r);uive8 of that con-
tinent, than they do to that of S Ame-
rica, and their language alfo having
fome affinity to that fpoken in Florida.
In their wars they pr "^rve their ancient
praftice of d? ftroyin^t II the males, and
prt'ferving the women either for fervi-
tudc or for breeding. St. Vincent whs
long a neutral ifland ; hut, at the pence
of 1763, the French nun^ed that the
right to it Ihould be veiled in the En-
glifli. The latter, foon after, engaged
in a war againft the Caribs, on the wind-
ward fide of the ifland, who were ob-
liged to confent to a peace, by whicli
they ceded a large traft of land to the
crown. The confequence of this was,
that in 1779, *''*^y gf^atly contributed
to the reduflion of this ifland by the
French, who, however, reftorcd it in
1783. In 1795, the French landed fome
troops, and again initigated the Caribs
to an infurredlion, which was not fub-
dued for feveral months. St. Vincent
is 24 m long and 10 broad- It in ex-
tremely fertile for the raifing of fugar
and indigo ; -and here the breadfruit
trees, brought from Otaheite, thrive
remarkably well. Abridge of mountains
pafles along the middle, through its

Fimierot a town of Portugal, in Alen- whole length, the higheft of which, call-

tejo, 12 m w oy N Eftremos

Vtmiera, a village of Portugal, in Ef-
tremadura, 30 m n Liibon. Here, in
1808, a battle was fought between the
Britifh and French, in which the latter
were defeated.

VtmioJ'o, a town of Portugal, in Tra
losMontes, 15 mwNw Miranda, and 17
fiE Braganza.

J^««ro2, atown of Spain, in Valencia.
The environs are covered with vine-
yards, and much wine is exported. It
is feated on the Mediteranean, at the
mouth of the Servol, 33 m s Tortofa,
and 88 NNE Valencia.

Vtneennesy or Vincent^ a town of the
United States, capital of Indiana, with
a fort. It is feated on the Wabafh, op.
pofite the influx of the Ombra, 160 m
"WNW Frankfort, in Kentucky. Lon. 85
30 V, lat. 39 o V,

ed SoufFrier,is at the n extremity. From
this mountain, in i8n, after the lapfe
of near a century, proceeded a dreadful
volcanic eruption, with an ebullition of
lava and undulating earthquakes; the
ifland was enveloped in a chaotic gloom
for three days, and wholly covered by
fhowers of fand, cinders, calcined peb-
bles, and other volcanic matter. King-
fton is the capital -

Vincent, St. one of the Cape Verd
iflands, la m long and 3 broad, and un-
inhabited. On its NW fide is a good
bay, where lliips may obtain wood, wa-
ter, and wild goats. Lon. 45 30 w,lat.

^7 30 ^' . .

Vincent, St. a town of Brafil, in the
bay of Santos, whofe harbour is now
io choked with fand, that it is not prac-
ticable even for canoes- See Ssntos-

Vincent. St. a town of Spain, in Aflu-

apu>i^ :iMu:.iiSiitSL:::M&!

VIR

Has, featcd on the bay of BifoAy, 9 m w
t>y 8 SantilUna.

Vingorla, a town of Hindooftati, in
Concan. About 10 m to the wn-.v art:
fome rocks in the feu, called Vingorla
Rocks- The town is tituute near tiie
mouth of a river, 2510 nnw Goa. Lon.
73 J7 K,lat. n 51 N.

Vintimif(li»% a town of the territory
of Genoa, with a fmall harbour, and a
ftrong cattle on a high rock. In 1746,
it was taken by the king of Sardinia ;
but recovered in 1747, by the Geiiocfc,
with the aCfiltancc of the French. It is
feated on tlu; Mediterranean, at the
mouth of the Rotta, ao m nk Nice, and
a4SwOnpglia. Lon. 7 37 K,lat.43 53 n.

Fifalanca, or Uj Palankay a town of
Hungary, in the bannat of Tcmefwar,
with a fortrels; feated on the KarafB,
near its entrance into thn Danube. 41
m K Belgrade, and 58 s Temefwar.

Vique\ fee Vic-

V- -e, a town of France, . the depart-
ment of Calvados, with manufactures
of coarfe woollen cloihs ; feated on the
Vire, 30 m SE Coutances, and 150 w
Paris.

Virgin^ Cape^ a cape of Patagonia, at
the entrance of the itrait of Magellan ;
fu called by Magellan, becaufe iu dif.
covered it on the fealt of St. Urfuia.
Lon. 67 54 w, lat. 5a 33 s.

Virgin Gorda, or Spanifitonvn^ one
of the Virifin illands, in the W Indies.
It has two good harbours, and is de-
fended by a tort. Lon. 64 o w, Jat. iS
li N.

Virgin IJlandsy about 30 iflands and
keys, in the VV Indies, between St.
Juan de Puerto Rico and the Leewarc
Caribe iflands. They are poflefled by
the Englifli and Danes. lo the lirjl
divifion, belonging to the Englifh, is
Tortola, to which belong Joft Van
Dyke, Little Van Dike, Guana, Beef,
and Thatch iflands. In the fecond di-
vifion ib Virgin Gorda, to which belong
Anegada, Nicker, Prickly Pear, the
Muikitos, the Commanoes, &c. Of the
Baiiilh iflaridB, the principal are St.
Thomas and St. John.

Virginia, one of the United States of
America, bounded on the s by N Caro-
lina and Tenneflee, w by Kentucky
and the ftate of Ohio, N by Pennfyl-
vania and Maryland, and e by the At-
lantic ocean. Jt is 446 m long and 224
broad, and divided into Si counties.
Several ridges of mountains crofs the
country from n to s, the moft eafterly
above 100 m from the Atlantic. Here
ixt ffliues of lead, copper, iron, and

VIS

coal ; marble is found in great quanti>
tics, and Umeflonc; and many medi»
ciual fpringb luve bren dilcovcred in
different parts. Tlu' principal river*
are tlit; James, Yni |j, Kappaliannoc, and
lotomac, W'liicli an; lull of convenient
harbours; and there are many other
rivers, fome of which are capable of
receiving the lar^'i-ft merchant fliips.
The land toward the mouths of the ri-
vers is generally low, and fit for rice,
ht-mp, and maize; that higher up is
gtnirully kvtl, and watered by fprings.
I lie land near the fca, is generally landy,
and without Hones, that the horses here
are Icldom Ihod. The richeft lands lie
near ilic branches of the rivers, and
abound with various forts of timber,
furprifingly large. The principal pro-
duce is tobijcco, wheat, and maize. In
1 810, the number of inhabitants was
965. 079- The capital is Richmond.

Virnenberg, a town of France, in the
department of Rhine and Mofelle, late-
ly of Germany, in the decorate of
Treves; feated near the Neflc, 26 m
WNwCoblentK.

Virion, a town of the Netherlands,
in the duchy of Luxemburg, 32 m w
Luxemburg.

Vifagapatam, a town of Hindooftan,
in the circar of Cicacole, 50 m sw Cica-
cole, and loo Nt Rajamundry.

I'ifchma, a town of RufTia, m the go-
vernment of Tobollk, 268 m sw To-
boUk. Lon. 61 22 E, lat. 62 36 N.

Vifety a fortified town of the Nether-
lands, in the duchy of Limburg, feated
on the Meufe, 15 m nw Limburg.

Vifiu, a city of Portugal, in Bcira,
and a bifhop's fee. It was founded by
the Romans, who called it Vifontium,
and (tunds amid mountains, 50 m nb
Coimbra. Lon. 7 42 w, lat. 40 j6 n.

Vijbttei Volojhek, a town of Rullia, in
the government of Tver. It has a
canal, which, by uniting the Tverza
and the Mfta, connects the inland na-
vigation betw«en the Cafpian and the
Baltic ; and above 4000 veiTels pafs it
annually. The merchandtfe of Aftra-
can, and other parts of the s of Ruina«
are brought to this place, which is fpa-
cious, and full of buildings and ihops.
It is feated on the river Zua, 80 m »w
Tver.

Vifiapour, a country of the Deccait
of Hindooftan, lying to the e of Concar^
between the Kiftna and its tributary
ftream the Beema. It is fubjetft to the
Poonah Mabrattas, and famous for mines
of diamonds.

Vifiapur, or Bejapeur, a city of Hin-

.111

• ■■■A.

VIT

Jooftin* eipiUl of the country of Vifia-
pour. It ii 150 m SR Poena, and 340
M by w Seringapatam. Lon- 75 19 t,
lat. 17 s6 M.

VifOf a mountain of the Maritime
Alpit in Piedmont, noted tur giving
fotirce to the river Po.

Viji, North and Souths two iflanil* of
the Hebrides, on the w coaft of Scot-
land. N Uift is ao m long and 12
broad I and the face of the country cor-
rerponds with that of Lewis. 8 Uilt is
33 m long and 7 broad, and trees are
here equally unknown. Many cows are
annually exported ; but kelp is the fta-
plc commodity, of which nbove looo
tons are annually m^nufa(5tured in each.
The idand of Benbecula lies between
them, and they arc each about 16 m to
the w of the moft western point of the
iflf of Skye.

Hjlula, a ri^'er that rifes in the Car-
pathian mount-iins on the confines of
Moravia and Hungary, flows through
Poland, and Pruflia, by Cracow, San-
domir, Warfaw, Culm, Marienburg,
and Dantzic, and enters the Baltic, by
three mouths.

FiterbOf a town of Italy, capital of the
patrimony of St. Peter, and a bifhop's
fee. It contains 1 6 pariflichurches, nu-
merous convents, :ind many palaces and
fountains. Near the city is a hot mineral
fpring, much frequented. It is i'eatcd at
the foot of a mountain, in a beautiful
valley, 40 m nnw Rome. Lon. iz z6
E, lat. 4Z 25 N.

nth, St. fee Vift, St.

Vitre, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Ille and Vilaine, with a
trade in linen cloth, and knit ftockings
and gloves ; feated on the Vilaine, 20 m
fiz Renncs, and 52 se St. Malo.

Vitry le Brule, a village of France, a
m NE Vitry le Francois. It was for-
merly a conGderable town, but was
burnt by Lewis v 1 1 , and on this account
called Brule. The Englifli and Bur-
gundtans, in the war with Charles vii,
fet fire to Vitry, and 60 villages. It was
a third time burned and ruined by the
troops of emperor Charles v.

Vitry le Frangois, a town of France,
in the department of Marne, built by
Francis r, after the deftruction of Vitry
le Brule by Charles v. It has a trade
in corn, and is Teated on the Marne, 15
m SE Chalons, and 100 e Paris.

Vitteaux, a town of France, in the
department of Cote d'Or, feated on the
river Braine, among the mountains,
where there are quarries of marble, 12
jn s£ Semur, and 27 w Dijon.

VLA

Vittftria, a city of Spain, capital of
the diilriA of Alava, in Bifcay. It ii
furrounded by double walls, and tht
large (Ireets are bordered with trees. In
the principal Iquare are the townhoulb,
two convents, and a fine fountuiti. It
has a great trade in hardware, pariicu*
larly in l'word*blad<'8, which are made
here in large quantities. Near this city,
on June 11, iHi3,a moft complete vic-
tory was obtained by the allied forces
under lord Wellington, over the French
army under Jerome Bonaparte and
marihal Jourdan. It is feated in a plain,
fertile in corn and grapes, 31 m sg
Bilboa, and 155 v Madrid. Lon. a 38
w, lat. 42 45 M.

yittoria, a town of Sicily, in Val di
Noto, and county of Modica. It hai a
trade in corn, wine, and oil, and ftandi
in a plain, 15 m wnw Modica.

Vivarezt a late territory of France,
in the ne part of Langucdoc. on the
banks of the Rhone, which parts it from
Dauphiny. It now forms the departnniCDt
of Ardeche.

Vivtroi a town of Spain, in Galicia,
at the foot of a fteep mountain, near
the river Vivero or Laiidrova, which
flows into the bay of Bifcay. It is aa
m Nw Mondonnedo.

Fmiers, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Ardeche, and lately a hi-
iliop's fee. It is feated among rocks
(on one of which the cathedral is built)
on the river Rhone, 16 m s by f. Privas.
Lou. 4 41 E, bt. 44 29 N,

Fizini, a town of Sicily, in Val dl
Noto, 25 m NNW Noto.

' Vkenjko'h a town of Ruflia, in the go-
vernment of Tobolflt, at the conflux of
the Irtifch and Oby, 196 m n Tobolik.
Lon. 69 15 E, lat. 61 10 N.

Ukraine^ a country of Europe, lying
on the borders of Poland, RulTia, and
Little Tartary. Its name fignifies a
frontier. By a treaty between Ruflia
and Poland,' in 1693, the latter remain-
ed in poHVilion of the Ukraine, on the
w fide of the Dnieper, which confti-
tuted a palatinate called Kiof; while
the E fide was allotted to RulTia, and
called the government of Kiof; but
Ruflia having obtained the Polifii patt,
by the treaty of partition, in 1793, the
whole belongs now to that power.
That part of ihe Ukraine, on the w fid<
of the Dnieper, is but indifferently cul-
tivated j but that on the e fide, inha-
bited by the Cofiacs, is in much better
condition. The principal town is Kiof.
See Cojfacs.

Vladimir ; fte Volodimir.

ULM

Vlala, a town of Hindonftan, in Ca-
narat fcatcd on the w fide of the foiith-
ern arm of the lake of Maogalore, 3 m
$w iVJingiilorc.

Vlapoolt i» town of Scotland, in Rofj.
(hire, on the k fide of the narrow part
of Loch Broom, at the mouth of a river
of im name, with a good harbour and
commodious road. It is .1 great filhing
llntiuri, and (ituate in the midft of a wool
country, 30 m Nw Dingwall. Lon. 5
3 w, iat. 57 54 N.

Viea, or U/iuiiorg, a feaport of Swe-
(jrn, capital of E Bothnia, with the ruin
of u caltie on an ifland, and a commo'
dious harbour. The chief exports are
butter, tallow, dried fifli, mid tar. In
i7i4> this town was demolifhod by the
Kullians ; and in 1808, the Swedes fur-
rencleri-d it ' o the RulTians. It is fituate
iit the mouth of the Ulca, 340 in N by B
Abo. Lon. 24 40 K» Iat- 65 18 N.

yiieland \ fee I'lie.

Uitetea, one of the Society ifles, in
the i'acitic ocean. It has a good har-
bour on the w fide, c.iHed Ohamaneno.
Lon. 151 3« w, Iat. 16 45 8.

Ullfwaicr, a lake on the borders of
Wcllmorland and Cumberland, 10 m to
the N of Amblelide. It is 8 m long, and
abounds with char and other fi(h. The
river Eamont flows through this lake,
and by Penrith, to the Eden, forming
that part of the boundary line between
the two counties.

Ulntf a free city of Suabia, whofe
territory is 37 m long and ai broad- It
is a fortified, large, and bandfome place ;
in which the archives of the imperial
towns of Suabia were preferved, and
the diet of the circle was generally held.
The cathedral is a magnificent itrudture.
Here is an excellent college, with a
theological feminary aimexed ; and a
convent for the daughters of the nobility
and citizens, who are here educated,
and afterward at liberty to marry. The
other moft remarkable buildings are the
^bbey of St. Michael, commonly called
Wengen, the townhoufe, the arfenal,
the magazines, and the valuable town
library. The inhabitants arc proteftante,
and eftimated at 15,000; they have a
good trade in linens, fullians, paper,
wine, and wood. The duke of Bavaria
took it in 1702, by ftratagem ; but iur-
rendered it after the battle of Blenheim,
in 1704. It was taken by the French
in 1796, and it furrendered to them in
1805. It is feated at the conflux of the
Blau with the Danube, oppufite the in-
flux of the Her, 38 m w by n Auglburg,
and 40 SB Stulgard. Lon. 9 56 &$ Iat.
4344*.

UMM

UlmfH, a town of France, in the de«
partment of Rhine and Mofelle, lately
of Germany, in the elciftoratc of Treves,
48 m w Coblcntz.

Ulotfio, or Vlothow, a town of Weft*
phalia, in the county of Ravenfberg,
near which is a medicinal fpring. It is
6ms Mindcn.

Ulrichjhin^ a town of (icrmany, in
Upper Heire. with a fortified caftle, 15
m SB Mirburj?.

Vlricjhamn^ a town of Sweden, in W
Oc/thlaiid, formerly called Bogcfund,
the prefent name being given it, in 1741,
in compliment to queen Ulrica Elcanora.
It has a conQderdhle trade in cattle,
provifioni. tobacco, &c. and is 50 m E
Ootheburg.

Uljjer, a province of Ireland, 116 m
long and i«o broad ; bounded on the %
by the Irifh fea, n by the Northern
ocean, w by the Atlantic ocean, sw by
the province of Connaught, and s by
that of Lciiifter. It contains the coun-
ties of Donegal, Londonderry, Antrim,
Tyrone, Fermanagh, Monaghan, Ar-
magh, Down, and Cavan. The princi«
pal place is Londonderry.

U/tzen, or Feitzen, a town of Lower
Saxony, in the duchy of Luneburg,
with a trade in flour and wool ; feated
on the Ilmeuau, 40 m ssi Luneburg.

Ulverjlon, a town in Lancaftiire, with
a market on Monday. It is feated at
the foot of fome hills, near a fliallow
arm of the Irilh fea, and has a canal to
the eftuary of the Leven. Since the
decline of Dalton, it has coniiderably
increafed ; and has manufadlures of cot-
ton, check, canva»j, and hats. It is the
port of the diftriA of Furnefs, and ex-
ports much corn, limeftone, iron ore,
and blue Hate. It is 18 m mw Lancaf*
ter, and 261 nnw London. Lon. 3 iz
w, Iat. 54 14 N.

Uma, or Umea, a feaport of Sweden,
capital of W Bothnia. The houfes are
built of wood; and it ftands at the
mouth of the river Uma, in the gulf of
Bothnia, 310 m n by £ Stockholm.
Lon. 19 18 E, Iat 63 58 N.

Umajfo, a linall feaport of Iftria, feat-
ed near the gulf Largona, la m sw
Capo d'Iftria.

Umbria, a name fometimes given to
the duchy of Spoleto. Umbria was the
northern province of ancient Italy, ex-
tending N from the Nar to the Ru-
bicon.

Umbriaticoi a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Citra, feated on theLipuda, 15 m
N by w St. Severina.

Ummerapooray a city and the metro-
polis of the Birman empire, with a fpa-

ft

C ',

iiPi

W

('■

n

ii''

^m^

hi

■

fTNI

«<ou» fort completely fortified after the
caftcrn manner. It was founded in 1781)
by emperor Minderagree, 4 m to the
WK of Ava, the former c/ipitaj. The
houlrs ar<: railed on poftii frnm the
ground ; the fmalkr fupported by bam-
boos, thtr larger by ftrung timberi- The
ftrectB are all Araight, many of thom
wide, prived with brick, and frequfntly
eroCTfd by others at right angles. The
roy'il p.^lace iit a fplendid edifice, within
the fort, and not any nobleman of the
court in permittfd to tnter it with hii
feet covered '1 hetemplts and mttnas-
teriet are numerous, and though in
gener^il compofcd of wood are very
magnificent : the unbounded expendi-
ture of gilding, which is beftowed on
the oulfide of the roofs, particularly on
the lofty Ipirt's, render them objeAs of
extraordin.iry fplcndour. In 1810, the
palace and fort, with many temples and
se,ooo houfes were dcftroyed by a fire,
and 1400 perlbns perilhed. Ummera-

Eoora is Btuate on a peninfula, formed
y the Irrawaddy on the w, and a nar-
row chaunci branching a from the river,
which foon takes a n diredlion and ex-
pands to a lake on the e fide of the city,
7 m long and a mile and a half broad.
Ji is 520 m B Calcutta, and 620 mnw
Siam. Lon. 76 7 e, lat. 21 57 n.

Underiwalden, a canton ot Swidcrland,
bounded on the n by the canton of Lu-
cern and the lake of the Four Cantons,
K by high mountains which feparate it
from the canton of Uri, s by Mount
Brunich, which parts it from the canton
of Bern, and w by that of Lucern. It is
24 m long and 20 broad, and divided
into the Upper and Lower Valley, by a
foreft called Kederwald, which croffes
the canton from n to ». The country
abounds in fruit and cattle, but pro-
duces little corn and grows no wine>
The inhabitants are Roman catholics.
Stanz is the capital of the Lower Valley,
and Sarnen of the Upper and of the
whole canton.

U»gvar, a town and fort of Hungary,
capital of a county of the fame name.
It ftands on an ifland formed by the
Ung, 57 m E CaiTuvia. Lon. zz 23 t,
lat 4H 42 N.

Vniegoiv, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Lenczicz, with a f^ne caftle
belonging to the archbilhop of Gi.efen ;
feated on the Warta, ao m ""w L^''-
czicz.

Union, a town of Pennfylvapia, chief
of Fayette county. It is fituate on Red-
ftone creek, 14 m s by E Brownfville,
and 38 N£ Morgantown.

Vaitn, a town of New York, in

UNI

Tiogi county, where the judicial coiiifi
are held in O<ilober. It In fituate on the
Su(quchana, w of the influx of the Che
nango, 50 m b by s Ni-wtown, and ip
Kw New York.

Vniitd Provintes 0/ the ^tthfrlanHi,
a n.une given to the (even prolethni
fta(CK of the Netherlands, which threw
off tlic yoke ot Spain, and became an
independent republic See Holland, and
Sfthirlandt.

I'niud State/ of America, a republic
of N America, confilttng originally, in
1783, of thirta>n ftatrs, namely, MufTa-
chulets. New Hampfltire, Rhode inanil,
t'onnedicut, New York, New Ji-rley,
I'eniifylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Vir.
ginia. North Carolina, South Carolina,
and Georgia. The ftates of Kentucky,
Vermont, Tonn.inec, and Ohio, haij
fince bicn foinied, and added to them,
alfo the territoi ics of New Orleans, MiC
fiflippi, Indiana, Columbia, Illinois, and
Michigan. The country of Louifiana
likewili; belongs to the United Statei.
Thefe diftri^s are all noticed in thii
work in their proper places. The total
number of inhabitants in the United
States in 1791 was 3,93^,326; in iHoi
it was 5,305,638; and in 1810 it wai
7,238,421. No part of the globe islu
well fupplied with rivers, great and
fmall fprings, afid lakes, as the United
States ; that a communication by water,
from one extremity to the oihir, is more
eafy than in England ; and a great
multitude of bays and exct^llent har-
bours are ob the coalt of every maritime
Itate. In the large towns, the houles
are of brick ; in the others, and their
environs, the half, and often the whole
of them, are of planks ; but 8j m from
the iea, in the central and foiithern
ftates, and flill more particularly in
thofew of the Allegany mountains, feveii-
tenths of the inhabitants live in log-
houfcs. Thefe houles are made of the
trunks of trees, from ao to 30 feet long,
and four or five inches in diameter,
laid one upon another, and Aipported
by letting tiieir ends into each other;
the fpaces between the trunks arc filled
with clay ; they have two doors, which
ate hung with wooden hinges, and thefe
frequently fiipply the place of windows:
neither nails nor iron of any fort are
ufed. The 13 original ftates long flou-
rished as provinces of Great Britain;
but parliament attempting to tax them
by its fole authority, without the inter-
vention of their aflemblies, a civil war
enfued. The Americans formed aeon-
gref?, which, in 1776, difclaimcd all de-
pendence on the mother country : the

vol

French king enierrti into an alliance
with them in 177U ; the colonir*, pow
eifully aflTillcd t»y Fr:incc, were lucceft-
ful; and Great Britain ackiiuwIciiKed
thrir iruicpcnilfiice by tlic pcaci- of
1783. 'Ihc ftderal oonltUution of the
United StatfH ii Kovr rncd Uy a coot^rt'l'ii,
confiding of a prclident. vici'-prrlidKnt,
feiiatc, and lioiifc of rrpu'li-ntaiivfs. —
The reprrll-ntaiivea art* •'Icdcd evrry
ffcond yt-.ir; the fcnatoiK aif chofcn
for fix yearn, and the prcfidt nt .muI vice-
prefident fur four: general WalhiiiKton
was elected the firft prclident in 171^8.
The United States, in 1812, «iit(.rid
into a war a(;ain(l Great Hritain. Dur-
ing the campaign of 1813 they ^.lincd
Eoin-flion of feveral of the lortrcU'cs in
'pper Cinnda, and advanced fur into
that province; but they were not able
to maintain their ground : on tlu> likcy
the cumbut .w;ir. nriort' equitiy poiled;
for the Uritifli n;ival foree was barely
uiffici«'nt to keep at bay the n;iv;il force
of the United States, 'i'he city of Wa(h-
iogtun is the metropolis.

I'/ifia, a town ol Weftphalia, in the
county of iMaik, environed by wnlls
and ditches, and tormcrly a conliderabie
hanfeatic town. It is felted on the
Kottelbeck, 10 m ssw Ham.

Unna, a river of European Turkey,
which rifes in Bofnia, on the frontiers of
Croatia, pane» by Wihiifch, and joins
the Save, j6 m above Gradifca.

Unnary, a town of Sweden, in the
province of Smoland, 43 m w Wexio.

Uri^, the moft northern of the Shet-
land iflands, and of the Britilh domi-
nions. It is 10 m long and 4 broad, and
more level than the other iflcs- It feeds
many (beep, horned cattle, and hogs ;
and about &o tons of cured fi(h are an-
nually exported. The nk point is
called Lamba Nefs. Lon. o 10 w, lat.
60 55 N.

Unter/een, a town of SwiflVrland, in
the canton of Bern, near wnieh is the
famous cavern of St. Pat. It itands on
the river Aa, between the lukes Brientz
and Thun, 23 m sse Bern.

Unza, a town of Ruffia, in a province
of the fame name, in the government of
Koftroma. It is fituate on the river
Unza, gi m bne Koitroma. Lon. 44
15 '^f lat. 57 56 ».

Foghera, a town of Italy, in Milanefe,
feated on the btaffora, 9 m nu Tor-
tona.

Foglabrutkt a town of Auftria, on the
river Vogcl, aK m he ilalzbug, and jrf
sw Lintz.

Voif^i a town of France, in the de-

VOL

partment of Meufe, 18 m bik Bar le
Due.

yoi^tlandt a tirritory of Upper Si«»
ony, in the .hw p«rt o* thr muiqiiilate
of Mdhia, hounded on the w by Ttm-
rin^i,! ;md l-'ranconi.i ii ix very hilly,
ami ahoiiiidi in wi> jJ ; but tlu* valliei
atlort! plenty of cor, and palture, and
f-M-d ;^r«'ttt numbers of excellent caule.
Plaiiiii U the capital.

/ oi/ljberg, a town and citadel of Up-
p«'r >*,i\uny, in Voigtland, 5 m » by e
I'lancn.

iVitjherg, a town of Germany, \n
Stiria, leated on the Kainacb, iS in vi
by 8 Oratz.

P'oktliuark, or Folkenmark, a town of
Oermnny, in C'arinthia, Icattil on the
Drave, 17 m k by s l,'lagenfurt.

yulario, a town of itsly, in iM-rrarefe.
feated on the gulf of Venice, at one of
the mouths ot the Po, },.\ m k rcrran.

yolcanot one of the i.ugeft of the Li-
pari illancU, in the Mtditerr>4ne.^n, lying
s of that of Lip^ri, from which it it
fep:irated by a deep channel, a mile
and a hnlf broad. It is 1 2 m in cir-
cuit, and is a volc;uio, in the form of
a broken cone, but now emits fmoke
only.

folcanel/o, a fmall volcanic ifland in
the Mediterranean, between that of Li-
pari and Volcano.

Folgn, a river of RuHla, which forms
part ot the boundary between Europe
a:id Alia. It hus itri fource in tvo
lh\all lakes in the government of Plel-
kof, about 80 m w of Tver, hegius to
be navigable a few m above ili.it town,
and is there augmented by the influx
of the Tverza. it waters Ibnif of the
finell piovinces, of iht KiifiTHn empire,
pjilles by Jarofl.tul, Kollioma, Nilhnei,
Novogorud, Kafan, Simbirlk, Saratof,
Tzariiziii, and Ailracan, and enters
the Cdfpian fea by feveral mouths. —
This is fuppofcd to be the largtft rivtr
in EuT'ip^ ; and by means of it, the
river Tverza, and a c.ki,'.! thence to the
N»*va, there is a iiavigahlc; comnuinita-
tion between th'; Cafpian lea and the
Baltic.

yolluji'la^ a palatinate of Ru .Tun Po-
land, J20 m long and i;,o brrwd ; bound-
ed »»n the N by Polelia, r. by Kioi', s by
Pidolia, and w by AuHrian Poir^.iid. It
confilts chiefly of fcruli; plains watered
by a great number of rivers. Lucko jb
tlu capital.

f-'ulletihovertt a town of Holland, in
O'A , flel, with a caftle; feated on l.'ie
Z>;iii("- zee, 8 m sw Siccnwicb, and u

MW Zwoll.

ti

¥

I

' (

■"^r-'i-^-JMfH.

tj

vo r

yit/fnar, R town of Uuflia, In the fO'
Vfrnmcnt of Rigii on the Hm r Aa, Ao
m NK Rig.i.

f'n/o, a town of luironeur Turkey, In
Thcfruly. with a citadel and a tort. It
was taken, and almofl ruinrd, in i^^u
by tlic Vrnetianii. It li fciti'd on a gulf
of the (iimc name, where thrrc it a good
iurbour. jo m sk Lanfla. I<on. as 35

K, l.lt. V) »l N.

rntjiiiinirt or yhidimir, a ^ovr rnnienl
of RuIIm, formerly a province of the
govcMimcnt of Molcow. The foil is
rxtn-mcly fertilr, ;ind in the forcfti are
inminterable i'warmi of bcei.

I'oloHimit, or yhJimir, a town of
RufTia, capital of a governmrnt of the
fame name. It is (eatcd on the Kli»l'ma,
1 10 m K by N Moicow. Lon. 40 tW a,
lat. 55 5.1 N.

I'ologdu, a government uf Ruflia,
divided into the two provinces of Vo-
logda .'ind Uding- It is a marlby coun-
try, full of t'oreits, lakes, and rivers, and
noted for fine wool.

Volo/fdat a town of IlufTia, capital of
a province of the lame name, and the
Tee. of an archbiOiop. It hiis a magni-
ficent cathedral, feveral chiircheii, a
cillU, and a fortrels. The principal
trade is in hemp, matting, leather, and
tallow. It is feated in a marlh, on the
river Vologda, which flows into the
Sukhona, 257 m n by t Molcow- Lon.
39 46 E, lat. 59 20 N.

Voljkt a town of Ruflla, in the gnvern-
ment of Saratof, fuuate on the Volga,
76 m NE Saratof. Lon. 47 45 £| lat.

Volta, a river of Guinea, which fepa-
rates the Gold coaft from the Slave coaft,
and enters the Atlantic ocean.

P'oltagio, a town of the territory of
Genoa, 15 m n by w Genoa.

Folterrot a walled town of Tufcany,
in the territory of Pifa, containing feve-
ral antiquities. It is feated on a moun-
tain, 30 m ssw Florence, and 3a se
Pifa.

f^oltri, a town in the territory of
Genoa, near which the Auftrians were
defeated by the French in 1796. It is 6
m w Genoa.

Foiturara, a town of Naples, in
Capitanata, at the foot of the Apen-
nines, 20 m w Lucera, and 52 nr
Naples.

Poliurnn, a river of Naples, which
rifes in the Apennines, palfes by li'cr-
nia and Capua, and enters the guif of
Gaieta.

Vol'vlc, a town of 1- ranee, in >e de-
partment of Puy de Dome. Here are

vou

immrnrc quarries, which furnilh mitr.
Halt for (he builctinK* of the adi.ictrii
(owni,and tortile lUluet in the churchi'i.
It is 6 \\\ M CUimont

FtmitKa, a town of luiropein Turkey,
in Liv.idia, with f caille ; leatrd .it the
hejd o( .t ! ep bay on th«' s fide of the
gulf of / •, 1; m »sw Arta, and uq
NW Li-p^i •

y^erH, a tort of Holland, in Odder-
land, on a Imall ifland formed by tlit
Wjal and the Meufe, at the r. end of
Bonunclwert, 7 m e by n Bommel.

Foorn, an ifland of S Holland, be
tween the mouths of the Meufe, 20 m
long and 5 broad. This iflami, with
Ooree and Overllackee, form the terti.
tory called Vonrnland, which anciently
belonged to Zealand. Briel is the
capital.

Fordfrif a town of Weftphilia, in the
principality of Ofnaburg, so m nms
Ofnabnrg.

Fordon, a town of W Prnfli.i, on thf
Villula, where a toll is culleded from
fliips going up and down mat river. It
is 15 m ssw Culm-

I'oringen, a town of Suabia, in the
principality of Hohrnzollern, fituatc on
the Laiichart, 10 m se Hohenzolltrn.

yoronetz, a government of Ruflia, and
one of the richeft countries in the em-
pire, abounding in corn, cattle, and other
neceflaries of life-

VoronetZt a town of Ruflii, capital of
a government of the fame rwime. Here
Peter the great built his firft fliip of war,
when he projected the conqucfl of the
Black fea. It then did not cunlifl of
above a hundred wooden huts, but is
now a handfome town, and holds inter-
courfe with all parts of the empire.
Here are confiderabh* manufr.dturcs of
woollen cloth and hardware ; and greafe,
prepared from the fubftance of cattle,
18 a great article of trade. The town is
ftronv by nature, and feated on the Vo-
ronetz, near its jundtion with the Don,
230 m ssb Moicow- Lon. 39 44 l, Ut.
5a 36 N.

yofgesy a department of France, in.
eluding the ^t part of the late province
of' Lorrain. It is fo called from a chain
of mountains, formerly covered with
wood, that fcparates this department
from thofe of Upper Saone and Upper
Rhine. Epinal is the capital-

Fourla, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
Natolia, feated on two eminences near
the pnlf of ' myrna, 30 m w by s Smyrna.

VouilU, a village of France, in the de-
partment of Vienne, lo m w Poitiers.
Here Ctuvis gained a battle, in 507.

II l»S

afainit AUrlc, king of i\\v Vifinotht.
which cxtfritlcd the I'rciicli cmpin* fruin
thr Loire to the l»yrcnc«'ti.

yoiftchaHjft a city of China, c^nit tl
of the province uf Hoii-«|ii;intf, and the
rrnticKVDiK, ai it were, uf all the com-
mercial people in the empire. Ai every
br.(nch (if tr.ide in C'lrricit nn here, iti
port, on ihr Kian liu,ii always crowded
wiih v»'(r«'lii the river l)i'iii« fDiiictimet
covered with them 6 m in length. The
beautiful crylfal t'oiiri<l in its mountainii
the pI«Mitiful crops of fiiu- tea, and the
prodigioui fale of the b.imboo paper
made here, contribute nu lefi to m;ik*>
it famous than the continn.il influx of
Grangers. It ix 655 m s Peking;. Lun.
112 15 t, Kit. 30 .}0 V.

y'ouziert, a town of France, in the de-
partrnfut of Ardennes, on tl»e riv«T
Aifne, aB m Jt Mc/ieres, .ind n knk
Rhcimb.

lf>holland, a vili.igc in Lanc;ilhirc,
with cunfidcrable manui'ii^luri'S com-
mon to the county, 3 m w Win.>n.

V bland, a province of Swtdcn, in the
dlviuon of Swtdfn Proper, Inlwrrn
Sudermania, Weltmania, Otftiicia, and
the Baltic. It io 70 m long and 45
broad, chiefly covered with (hap-ltfn
ftrmes and forefts of pine ; but it \% en-
riched with inexhaunible mini-s of cop-
per, iron, and River; and thf ptafintK
are chiefly cmploycil in the manufatftiire
of thofc metals. Stockholm is the
capital.

Uppingham, a town in Riitl.indfhire,
with a market on Wedncfday, I'cated
on an eminence, 6ms Oakham, and
89 N by w London.

Ufifal, a city of Sweden, in Upland,
and an archbifhop's fc«', with a caftle
and auniverfity- A river flows through
it, to the lake Maeler, which r^cilitatea
fome trifling commerce. Thi* Ifrccts
are drawn at right angles from a central
kind of fquare ; fome of the honlL-s are
built of brick, but the generality are of
wood, painted red, and the roofs co-
fered with turf. Upfal was formerly
the metropoli"" of Sweden ; and near it
is the moraften, or ftone, on which the
king uft'd to be crowned. It ftill con-
tains many objcds of curinfity, and is
the refidence of feveral Swedilh noble-
men. The ancient palace was a mag-
nificent building, until great part of it
was cnnfumed by fire, in 1701. The
cathedral, a large ftrudlure of brick,
contains the remains of the famous Guf-
tavus Vafa and Charles Linn^. The
univerfity, founded in 1476. is the moft
ancient in Sweden, and thefirft feminary
In the north for academical education-

ir H A

The R«»yal Society hen* ii likewifc thw
oldclt jifoci-ition of the kind in th«
north. I leri* ii an ot'ferv.itory, pUnnnl
by the celebrated Celfiui, from which
the Swdifh gi*ographcr« compute the
hingitudr. The botanicit g.irdni, uf
which the ftimotii Linnt' win fuptriii*
tcnd^nt, in alniofl dcfobtcd ; hut a ww
one lici on the w lidc cf the pal.\cp,
and is much larger. Upf^l contuimt
about 40^0 inhabtiunts, cxcliilive of
til'' ftudinta, whi» art? li'ldnm ftwrr than
.^00. It is leafed in a vafl (ipcn plun,
iirtile in corn, 40 m N!«w Stockholm.
Lon. 17 .^9 K, lat. 59 5 a n.

I'plon, u town in Worcefterfhire, with
a market <»n Thurfday, It .Ucil on the
Severn, 1 1 m i Wurcellcr. and 1 1 1 wN w
London.

Irach, a town of Suiliin, in the
duchy of Wirtemburg, with a decaycnl
callle on a mountain. It hni a trade
in paper, damafks, und linen, and \% n
m ^si'. Stiitg.ird.

Vra/fuatf, a province of Paraguay, ff>
named from a large river, 'vhich unitcg
with the Parana, 70 ni abow Ititcnoa
Ay res, and forms fliefamoin riv'-r Plata.
This province, whii.h lies r. of the river,
was cided, in 1757, by Spain to Portu-
gal for the col-joy of St. Saciarm-nt ;
thai the river llraguay in now the l)')und«
ary between the two crowmi.

i raicliore, a town yf European Tur-
key, in Liv.idia, and a biJiopN (ic. It
is governed by a bey, and (t.indi on the
left bank of the A(pro, 15 m w.sw Le-
panto.

Vriil, a river of RnfTia, which rifes in
Mount Caucafus, Hows by Orenburg,
Uralfk, and Gnricf, and enters the Cal-
plan tea by tliree moutht..

I'ral Mountains, a chain of moun-
tains extending from 50 to 67 n lat. or
about 1 150 m, and has by the Rudiaufl
been called the backbone of the world.
The central part of this chain abounds
in metals; and tlu-y ccintain fine white
marble. Pauda, one of ihe highcil
mountains, is faid to be 451 2 feet above
the level of the lea. This chain forms
a confiderable part of the boundary be-
tween Europe and Afia.

Vralian Cnjfacs, a Tartar tribe that
inhabit the Rufljan province of Oren-
burg, on the s fide of the river Ural-
Thefe CofTacs are defcended from thofe
of the Don; and are a valiant race.
They profcfs the Greek religion ; but
there arc difTentei s from the ellablifhcd
religion, whom the RufTians called Rof-
kolniUi, or Scparalilts and who ftylc
themfelves Staroverfki,or OM Believers.
Thefc confider the fervice of the efta-

3^

111

t I

I

Il

URn

Minifif rhiirch .i< pror4nr,atid hAvethrir
t«wn prx ft« Aiui cer^monlr* Thr Vta.
1)411 CitH'ici are aII cnthiifiafti for the
Mncirnt ritinl, uml prixr their licirdt
•Imofl i(|nil t(i thrir live* A Hiid'i.ltl
nfTh rr h ivin^ nidrrctl a number oi C«>l-
(4C rrcru'ti to b«< piihltcty ih^vfd in the
lowrn iif Y-tllfki in 1771, thii wanion in-
liilt ctfiitd in ini'iirrr^lio'i, ••hlth W4«
foppii'ircd fi>r il time \ l>iit. In itj u xn
ititp'iflor« PiiK-iicltcf, who MfTiwDcd thff
pamu i(t' t'ticr 111, appciri'd .imong
llicm, and. taking' .kIv.uk.iki* of thiit ciro
cu'iidiftcrt rouk'd ihcm once mttre into
optn rfbrlllun. This wan fiipprened
by the defeat and execution of th** Im-
puftor ; and in order to oxtiiiguifh all
rfmnnl)rance of this rebellion, the river
Yaik waa called the Ural; the Yitik
Cuir.ici w«*re drnoininatcd Lfralian Cof-
(\CH J and Ihf town of Yailfk w,i» named
IJralfk. Tlicic ColKics ar«« very rich, in
ci>iiit<pience of their fillurict in the
t'ii(pi in fe.i. 'I'hcir principal filhery ia
for (hir|<eohi and btlii):i, whofe rocs
fuppW lirv"' qiiantititM (if cavi.ir«' ; and
Ihf lilh, chirily lalied and dried, aHord
M coiifidi laMc article of confumption in
the Knniin (-mpiri*.

I'rnl/i, a »nwn of Kiiflla, in the go-
verntncnt of Caucalii anil province of
Orcriburf?. It wa« formerly called
Yait(k, aiul \i fcatcd on the Ural, 375
m NNF. Allracan. Lun. 50 10 »:, lat.

I'ranib'ir}^, onco a majjnificedt caftic
of Denmark, in thi' ifland of Muen. It
wa!« built by Tycho Brahe, a celtl)rat«*d
ailroiiomcr, who called it Uranibur^,', or
Caflb* of the Heavens, and hcit; made
his obffrvations It is now a ruin. Lon.
li 43 B, lat. ^5 55 N.

iirbania, a town of Italy, in the
duchy ot Uiliino, built by Uiban vni,
on 'he IMt'tro, 7 m ssw Urbino.

I rhitnna, a town of Virginia, in Mid-
dlcfex county, liratcd <mi the Rnppahan-
ncc. aj m from its mouth, and 73 ne
Rielinmnd

i'rbino. a duchy of Italy, in the Ec-
clcfiaftical State, 5s rn long and 45
broad ; bnundMl on the N by Komagna,
WK by the gulf of Venicf, st ;ind ;> by
Anciin.!, imd w by Pcriigino .ind Tuf-
caiy Thf air is nnt deemed wholc-
fome, nor is the foil ft rtilc The chief
pri)du(JHon is lllk, and game is plentiful.

i rbmof a clry of Italy, capital of the
duchy of Urhino, and an archbifhop's
frc. The tmircrfity contains a noble
College and r6 convents Gnat quan-
titirs cf fine eanhm ware are made
here; and it is tbe birthplace of tin* il-
JuUrigua i>ainter Ruphatl. Jt was taken

USD

Ht the French in 1796. It ftandi on 1
hilt, h«twr«<n (hr tivria Metro and Fu.
rIU, .sii m r I'liirrncrt And uo M Hume.
Lon. It 40 », tai 44 ^h w.

Ure^ a river in Yorlilhirr, which rifi-i)
•HI the conftnca of VVedmorUnd, flowi
by Muldleh^m) Hipon, Burouuhbridgr,
and Alithornugh. and a little hrlow
join< the Swale, wtuic the united (lre4m
forma the Ouii.*.

t'rtdtH, a town of Wedphalia, in the
principiliiy of Munflcr, with mainific.
turea of excellent linen \ featrd on the
bcrckel, j6 m wnw Munfter

Vt-gtl, a city of Spain, in Catalonia,
and a hilhop'a fee. it ia feated on the
Segra, in a fertile plain, furroundeU by
mounl;tina, covernl with vincyardi, 7(1
m N^w Barcelona. Lon. 1 aS k, Ut.
4aa4K.

c rxhenz, t\ town of the country of
Charafn , of which it waa formerly thr
capital ; fi-ated on n fmall river th.u
runa into the lake Aral, 90 m nnw
Khiva. Lon. 58 30 p., lat- 4a 14 n.

lUi, a canton of Swifferland, 30 m
long and 1 : bro id ; bounded on the n
bv the cant'>n of Schwcitz and the
VValdftadttr fee, k by the cantoni of
Grifcms and Glarui, a by the b.iiliwici
of Italy, and w by the canton.s of Uii*
derwalden and Bern. Altorf in Ihcca*
pital. See Sc/iweitz.

i'ri, Lake nf\ lie If'aljhiJtfr Vf.

Vrmia, or Oroumi, a town ot IVifia,
in Aderbijin, fituate in a rich pLin, un
the 8w p.irt «>f a lake of the (amc name.
The lake, fometimra called Shahee lake,
is of an oval form, 160 minciicuit;
but on the e fldc it ia penetrated by 4
long mountain that extends to the
centre : its waters produce much fait,
and on its borders are found unmenle
blocks of what is called the marble of
Tabriz. The town is pretty large, ind
90 m .sw Tabriz. Lou. 45 5 E, lat. 37

I'rmund, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Menfe, lately of
Germany, in the duchy of Juliers ; feated
near the Meufe, 10 m nnk Maeftricht.

Vrjiren, a town of Swifferland, in the
canton of Uri, fituate in an elevated
valley, on the Reufs, 17 m ssk Altorf.

I'rjitZs St. a town of SwifTcrland, in
the late bilhopric of Bafel, indebted for
its origin to a hermitage, built in the
feventh century by St. Urlinius. It il
leated on the Doubs, 6ms Porentrui.

Vjbec Tartary, a vaft country of
Weftern Tariary, bounded on the n by
the country of the Kalmucks and Tur-
keftnn, E by Tibet, s by Hindooftan and
Pel 111, and w by the Cafpian fea. Thcfe

UflT

Tirf.ir* «r* (ilvldi'cl in«i> firtpnt tribri,
govfrnrtj hy their rrrptflivr kh.»n*. or
print'"*! Whrn iirufcr onr fi>«prcl|in,
thry were thr moft p«»werftil of 4II lh«
Ti'l^ri*" nstiom. Tlif ^)rtnclpal kh4i»«

l^otn Taiiurliiic, whole hirthplice w;n
5'tm.irc4rul, the prerciil capit il of the
country. The tJfbri-*, in their porl.tn*.
art* fail! to h.»vc bftici' romplcxiomt vtd
more ftW4f(iiig fi'.tttirei ihui the Kal'
mtici. Thrir n-likjion It M >li.itnrtluii'
ifm J vh\ On'Y difTcr, in |{c "Til, very
UttU* from the people of the northern
provliioei of IIIndooftAii.

iftJom, ail ifluid ot Hither Pome'
rania, in (he Bitiit: I't-a, betwei'ii the
Kiuulhi of the IVciic and Swiii, wllh
two fort! named aftrr thtfc two riven-
|i hni .1 town of the f.imc name, on th -
tw coall, 4-) m Nw Stettin. Lon. 14
1 E. lat. }) i% N.

V/hant, an idand of Prance, on the
coaft of the dcpirtmrnt of Finlderr*?,
o[)p<>titc Conquct. It it H m in circuit,
and contains feveral hamlett and a caftle.
Lon. 5 5 w, lat. 48 iR N.

t'jingeit, a town of Ot'vmany, in Wet-
teravia', and comity of NafTiii-Weil.
liatf, with a handl'ome ctllle ; ftMtcd on
the Ufb.uh, u m »sr Wcillmrji;.

t'/i, a river that riles in WaU'«, on
the w fide of nrecknocklliirc, flows by
Brecknock, and tnlrring Monmouth-
(hi'e, paffen by Abcrnavftmy, Ufk, Caer-
leon, and Newpurtf into the Bridol
channel.

i'/i, a town in Monmoiithlhirc, with
a market on Monday, and 1 manufac*
ture of japanned wave. Here are the
ruins of a caftle and priory ; part of the
latter is converted into a farm-lioufr,
and its church is now the parillKhurch.
It ii fcnited on the river Uflc, 1 j miles
sw Monmouth, and 14a w l)y n London.

i/iiub ; fee Seop'ui.

UjJar, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the principality of C'alcnbcrg, 14 m Nw
Oottingen.

l^JeJ, a town of Fnince, in the de-
partment of Correze, 31 m ne Tulle,
and 53 P.9E Limoges.

Vjlanio, a town of It.ily, in Cremo-
nefe, ieated on the Oglio, ii m nu
Cremona.

Ujlaritx, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Pyrenees, 6 m
SSB Bayonne-

U/Iica, a fmall idand in the Mediter-
ranean, 35m N of Palermo in Sicily. It
was uninhabited till 1765, when a citadel
was built and a colony fettled. It pro-
duces wheat, barley, ibd>i, Hcc. and in
tht vicinity are lomc coral banks. The

If TT

Warn! Is wilhonr fprln^., and only fiip.
plied with frflh w iter hy r^irt kcjH !•
cillern* Lon. i) i4 k. M ^4 4} «,

t'jhkjf, a town ..f HiifTii, in the fo-
veriimrnt of Volot(d.t, ciwimI of .i l.ir>fe
pri»vinc;.- of (ti niin.'. .nid An archbi-
(hop » (rr. Oe.u oii.iniiti«>« Of gtram
• rf f.-nt iHMue to Jitrirri'iil p.irts. ii ia
fe.«ti'd on the Owini, at the Influx of
the >ukhona, 46} m NR .Mofcow. Lon.
16 10 K,lat, 61 i<, M

• /rtiu/ii, ,\ river ih»f forms part of
thr b<iiiii<i4iy Im • brtwr,.|| Upper and
Lower C^nadt, and enter* the "^1. Law-
r^nci* at ihr ifl ind ot M.intreal Ir iC
flics from the lake T«vnilc«min, and hat
a «■ conrfe of above »oo miU's, in whicb
an* (••vernl r.ipids and falls.

t'tret/itt one of the provinces of Mi)|.
Iiiid, I ) in loii)< and }ohroa<l , boiinded
on the N by !I )IUnd and thr /niiter
ree, a and * by (JcUlcrland, and w by
Holland. The r.)il is fertile, and tluie
arc no iniindatioiir' tu tVar as in the
other provinces.

I'tretht, a fortified city of Holland,
capital of a province of the lame inme,
wiili a famous ui.iverlity. It ii of 4
(qinre form, about ^ m in circumfe-
rciKV, without its four fnlxirht, which
are conlldtrable. The iiih.d)itant« are
crtimatt-d at lo.oo?. The (Inplr of the
calhcdnd in very hi^'h, and the hand-
fomcd in H<.il,iiul. Thrre is u great
number (if chiitchcH and holpitalii) and
the townluuilt* ii a noble biiililint(. The
principal maiiutaiitnrcs arc filk .nid Htf
urmH; and in a pl.ice called the M.ill ia
an fxteiilivc fonndciy fur cannon balls.
Two c.in.ils, called ihc New Giaftand
the Vicrt, pals llirounh ihc city, and
«ver ;'irin are ^f> Uuiie bridges. The
environs are full ot ^ardeni, walks, and
grovi'8, whiwli,. added to thcpurit/of
the air. retulr Utrecht one ol th*- molt
agreeable places for relider.ef in thcfe
parts. Here the union cf the Sevin
t/nitcd I'lovinces w.is bet.Mn in 1571^5
and here was conthidid, in 1713, the
peace which termin.ited the warfs of
queen Ann. Utrecht furrcndered to
the PrudiAns in 1787, and to the French
in 1795, each time without reliltance.
It is Icated on the Rhiiu-, iH m st Am-
fterdam, and 35 nnw Nimegucn. Lon.
5 • k, lat. 52 6 N

I'trera, a town of Spain, in Anda-
luiia, near which is a fait Tpri^.g, la m
SK Seville.

i'tttxedr, a town in Staffordfhire,
with a market nn Wednefday. ;;nd ma-
nut'aiflures of hardware; Icated on a
riling ground, ncir the river Dove, 13
m NB Stjflford, and igi ssw Londor>.

W AC

Vtxn.ich, a town of SwifTerland, ca«
pital ( ''a bailiwic belonging to the can*
Inns of Scliwcitz and Olaris. It in j in
e from the lake of Zurich, and i j n b/

w Oliiiis.

UxiriJxe, a town in Middlefex, with
a market on Thorfday, :uid a groat trade
in corn and flour. The Coin flows
through it in two Itn'ains, and the
Granc'. Jundtion tvinal paffcs clot'e by-
A treaty was canird on here between
Charl.'S i and the parliament, in 1644;
and the houie in which the plenipoten-
tiaries met, is Hill called the Treaty
Ilouff. Near this town .ire the remains
uf nn anci(>nt camp. Uxbridge is 15 tn
vv by N London.

Vxbr'idfre, a town of MaflachufctB in
WorcclU'r county, 16 m s by »i Wor-
cefler, and 40 sw lioiton.

Vzeda ; fee? Vcedn.

Uzel, a town of France, in the de-
partment of C6tes du Nord, i; m 8W
St. Brietic.

Uzerclie, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Correze, feated on a craggy
rock, at the foot of which flows the
Vezete, 10 m nnw Tulle, and 36 sse
Limogfs.

UzeSi a town of France, in the de-
partment of Gard. Before the revolu-
tion it was a bifliop's fee, and billow
the palace is a fpring that fupplics the
aquedudl of Nilmes. It is feated in a
country abounding in corn, oil, filk,
and good wine, la m n Nifmes.

W.

IJ'aagt a river of Hungary, which
rifes in the Carpathian mountains, flows
by Leopoldftadt, and joins the Danube,
below Comorn.

Waah a river of Holland, being the
.s branch from the Rhine below Emme-
rick. It flows w through Gelderland,
by Nimeguen, Thiel, Bommel, and
Gorcnm, and joins the Meufc, at Briel.

Wabajh, a river of the United States,
in Indiana. It rifes near fome fmall
lakes to the w of Lake Erie, and taking
a sssv courfe of 400 m enters the Ohio
ICO m above the conflux of that river
with the Miiriftippi. The Wabafli is
navigable 340 m, and it approaches
within 9 m of the navigable waters of
Lake Erie.

fVachenheim, a town of France, in
tbe department of Mont Tonnerre,
lately of Germany, in the palatinate of
tbe Rhine, 17 m ssw Worms.

V^^hivia, a trad of laod m N Care-

WAK

lina, between the river* Dan and Y-icf.
kin, in the county of Surry; coiifiltinp
of 100,000 acres, purchafed by the Mo.
ravians, in 1751, and named by them
from an eftate of count Zinzendorf'a in
Auflria. In 1755, it was made a ftpa.
rate pariflt, called Dobbs Pa.iih. It
contains fiveral fcttlemcntu, of which
Salem i.^ the principal.

ff^acbtendoni, a town of the Nether-
land*, in Upper Gelderland, feated in a
murafi;, on the river Niers, 5 m s Gt Id'jM.

f^achter/baeht a town of Getm?.iiy,
in Wettenvia, with a caftle, belonging
to the count of lltnburg-Wachtetlbdch,
20 m KNE Hanau.

If^ade/horoughf a town of N Carolina,
chief ot Anfon county. It is li-atcd on
a lofty hill, 50 m sse Salifliury.

Had/lena, a town of Swcdtn, in £
Gothland, with a caftle, built by Giilh.
vns Vafa in i544« feated on the lake
Wetter, a6 m w Linkoping.

IVageningent a town of Holland, in
Gelderland, with a trade in cattle ami
tobacco ; feated on the Rhine, u m w
Arnheim.

l^i>gjindt, a town of Silefia, in ihc
principality of Troppau, 14 m sse
Troppau.

H'a/irent a town of Low "■ Saxony, iu
the duchy of Mecklenburg, itatcd near
the lake Calpin, 12 m 8 Malchin, and
27 WNw Ne Strelitz.

fFa/iren6rui i, a town of the duchy of
Saxony, on the river Elfter, 14 m e
Torgau.

H'aiblingent a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemburg, on the rivor
Uems, 7 m ENF. Stutgard.

ff'aid/iaufen, a town of the ^.alatinate
of B.ivaria, 28 m ne Amberg.

ffaid/io'ven, Bairifcht a town of Auf-
tria, on the river Ips, 23 m sw St.
Polten.

ff^aid/ioven, Bohmifch, a town and
caftle of Auftria> on the river Teya, 10
m NNW Horn.

WaigatZy or Vaigatch, an ifland and
ftrait bttween Nova Zcmbla and Riiffia.
Lon. 93 30 E, lat. 69 30 N.

fFainjieet, a town in Lincolnfhire,with
a market on Saturday, feated on the
river Limb, near a creek of the fea, 14
m NE Boflon, and 128 n by k London.

Waitzin, a town of Hungary and a
bifliop's fee. A large annual fair is kept
here. It has frequently been taken by
the Turks, and was burnt by them in
1685. It is fituate on the Danube, 9K
m ESE Prefburg. Lon. 19 15 e, lat. 47

45 N-

IVakefieldy a town in W Yorklhirf,

with a market oq FriUay. It has two

W A T.

•chutcht s, and an aiicitiit flono hiidg*'
over tht! CaI<l»T, on wliicli Kdwani iv
creifted a ch ipt-l, to tlit- tiKTiioiy of his
father, who loll his lite in tiic battle
iicr thirt placet in 1460- Here arc c.m-
iiuf.rahltf maniifadtiin .s of wokIIlmi cloth
and ibiffa md a hall for thf I'.ik of thi-
gooils; alii;) a fr.e ^rimmar fchool.
winch has fcvcral exhibitions to both
the univeiiitit's. The nuni a-r of irdia-
1/tants was 81^1 in iHoii and 859:5 in
jdii. It is a8 m sw York, and 11:4
hsw I/indon.

If'ahc/iia, a province of Turlcty in
Europe, 17s m long and 125 l)road ;
bouPfUd on the n by TratWylvniia, k
by Moldavia, 3 by the river Danube,
which fi'pavatcs it froin Biiljiaria. and
w by Hungary. It is watered by nn-
mcrous rivers, abounds in good horf.s
and cattle, has mines of icveral kinds,
and produces wine, oil, and all manner
of European fruits. It vv-is ceded to
the Turks by the treaty of lleigradi', in
1739. The inhabitants are cliicny of
the Greek church. It is governed by a
waywoiie or prince, ftyled alfo the hol'-
podar, who is a vafTd of the empire.
Buchoreft is th-.- capital.

IValadia, a tt)wn of Morocco, with
a very fpacious harbour, but the en-
trance Ik oblhufled by rocks. It (lands
on an extenfive plain which produces
every neceffary and luxury of life, ij^o
m WNw Morocco. Lou 8 25 w, lat.
31 56 N

tVakheren, an ifland of Kolhnd, the
principal one of Zealand, and the molt
wefterly, at the mouth of the .Scheldt.
It is 9 m long and 8 broad, and being
low is fulijedt to iniindations, but ha!»
good arable and pallure lands. In 1809,
the Englifh fent an immenle armament
to take this ifland, as a primary objed,
in which they fucceeded ; but the ex-
pedition re'airncd without attempting
any-other t'lcfign. The cnpital of this
ifland, and of the whole province, is
Middlebuig.

Walcour, a town o'tlie Netherlands,
in the county of Namnr. In 1615. it
was entirely deflroyed by firiN The
French attempted to tak(? it in 1689,
but were compelled to retire, with great
lofs. It is feated on the Heura, 27 m
sw Namur.
_ ffaldiurg, a caftle of Suabia, which
gives name to a county, between the
Danube and the Her. It ftands on a
mountain, 7 m n Wa^igen, and 38 s by
w Ulm.

Wajdecky a county of Germany, in
the circle of Upper Rhine, 30 m long
and ^4 broad ; bounded on the e and s

WA L

by Lower IIcflT.-, w by the diichv of

\Y'llplialia, and n by the principality
<^f r.uitrborn. It is a mountainous
C()uniry, covered with woods; and has
mines of iron, copper, (|uiiklilver, and
alum. Corbach is the ea')if A

^^ , thick, a town of dtrmany, in the
county oF the lame name witn a caftlej
feated on the Steinbaeh, 6 m he Cor-
baclr

_ If'iihhn, or Saffron 'f^n/di-n, a town
in Edex, governiil by a r ay r, with a
mirket on Saturday, and a trade in
malt. It h i<< a line lanre church, and
ftaiids on a liiil, among titUls that wer.;
formerly cultivated wi-li lairron. The
keep of its ancient caltic is ibll to bfi
feen. It is 27 m N n w vlielmsford and
42 N by F. London.

ll'iilJniiur^^, a town and c.^ (lie of
Tipper Saxony, in Miliiia, fituate on the
Muldau. Tlie old town, on the oppo-
lite tide ofthe river, is famous for brown
and white earthen ware It i.i :, m
NMv Zwickau.

^yciLienhio'tr, a town of Francnnii, in
the piincipaliiy of H )hcnloh., with an
ancient caliie on a mountuui, 6 m e by
N Ohringeii.

ffa/(i/uim, a town of Upper Saxony,
in ^Jiinia. Mere wab foimcrlya mo«
nailery, now converted into in orphan
houfi- and houleof corn (ftion, in which
various manutadnres are ctrried on.
It is lituate on t'le Zfchopa, ;o m 3E
Lei p 7.1 c.

ly'aldkirch, a town of, Suabia, in
Brilgau, on the river Ellz, 6 m kne
Friburg.

IValdmufichen, a town <f the pala-
tinate nf Bavaria, on the river Scl.warza,
32 m KSh Am berg.

H'aldoborough a town of the dillrlifl
of Main, in Lincoln county 16 m f.
WifcdVet.

IValdfajjen, a town of the palatinate
of Bavaiia, near which is a rich Citler-
tian abbey, whole abbot was lormeriy
a prince of the empire !t is44 m.NNt
Am berg.

lf''aL''jde* a town of Suabia, witii a
callle, 10 m nne Uavenibnrg.

IValdJhiU, a ftrong U)vvii of Suabia,
one of the four Foreft towns ; li?ated on
the Rhine, at the entrance of the Black
foreil, 19 m wsw SchnlThaufen.

IValdjiadt, a name givai to t 0 Swifs
cantons ol Lncern, Un, Schwei^z, and
Underwalden. It figntfics Foy^jt Towns ;
thefc cantons conva' linn a gn-ai number
of forefts. For the if'aUjiadi yi Suabia,
fee ForeJ} Towns-

U^aldjiadtcr See, or Lake of the Your
CantonSi cue of the fineft lakes in Swii-
3D

m t

WAL

fcrland. It conifti of Ihrce principal
branches, called the iakea of Liiccrn,
av'hw«itz, and UrI. The upper branch,
or Jjke of Lucern, ftretchcs from KnflT-
natcht to Dulienwal, a village near
Stantz. It is boiindtd toward the town
by cultivated hills, Hoping gradually to
the water, contraftcd on the oppofite
flde by an enormous mufs of barren and
craggy rocks; Mount Pi'ate, one of
the higheft mountains in SwifTtnlandt
rifing boldly from the lake. Toward
the E of this branch, the lake contrafis
into a narrow creek, fcarcely a mile
acrofs. Soon after, it again widens,
and forms the ft'cond branch, or lake of
Schweitz; having on the w fide the
canton of Underwalden, and on the E
that of Schweitz. Here the mountains
are more lofty, and infinitely varied;
fomc covered to the fummits with ver-
dure, others pf-rpendicular and craggy.
Near Brumen, commences the third
branch, or lake of Uri, whSch takes a
SE diredliun. It is deep and narrow,
about 9 m long, and bordered on both
fides by rocks uncommonly wild and
romantic, with forefts of beech and pine
growing down their fides to the yery
edge of the water. The river Reuw
flows through this lake.

fValest a principality in the w of
England, izo m long and 80 broad;
bounded on the n by the Irifli fi'a, w by
that fea and St. George channel, s by
the Briftol channel, and e by the coun-
ties of Cheller, Salop, Hereford, and
Monmouth. It contains 8 1 25 fquare m,
or 5,aoo,ooo acres. The number of
inhabitants was 541,546 in 1801, and
(11,788 in 1811, exclufivc of the army
and navy, for wb'.ch a thirtieth part
may be added. It is divided into North
and South Wales, each containing fix
counties; namely, Angleley, Carnar-
von, Denbigh, Flint, Merioneth, and
Montgomery, in N Wales; Breck-
nock, Cardigan, Carmarthen, Glamor-
gan, Pembroke, and Radnor, in S
Wales. It is the country to which the
aacient Britons fled, when Great Britain
was invaded by the Saxons. They are
now called Welfli, and continue to pre-
ferve their own language. They were
long governed by independent kings,
till the reign of Edward i, their laft
prince, Llewellin, being vanquiflied and
flain in the year H83, the country was
united to England. The natives fubmit-
tcd to the Engliih dominion w ith ex*
trcme reluctance; and Edward, as a
conciliatory means, promifed to give
them for tbeir prince a Welfli man by
birth, and one who could fpeak no

WAL

other language. This notice bein;
rtci'ived with joy, he invefled in the
principality his lircond fon. Edward,
then an infant, who had bctn liorn at
Carnarvon. The death of his t'Ideft fon,
Alphonfn, happening toon after, yniiiif;
Edward became hfir aUoof the KngliOi
monarchy, and united both natioivs
under one government ; but Ibme apps
eiapfed, hffor^ the aiiimofity which had
long fubfifted between them waa totally
extinguiihed. From the time o*^ Ei).
ward ir, the eldeft fun of the ki. ;; of
England has always been created priiico
of Wales. The country is mountainous,
but not barren, producing all ihcrcccl-
farics of life ; the cattle and theep are
numerous, but t'mall, and it is particu-
larly famous for goats. It is watered
by many rivers, the principal of which,
and other particulars, are noted in tht
different counties.

ff'fl/es. New North and South, a largf
country of New Britain, lying w iuA
sw of Hudfon bay, and little known.
See Britain^ New.

f^t^alej. New South, «t n.ime given to
the K coaft of New Holland. It was
firlt explored by captain Cook, in 1770;
and adefign was formed, in conftqueiice
of his recommendation, to fettle a co-
lony of conviAs at Botany bay. Cap-
tain Philip being appointed governor of
the intended fettlement, failed in 1787,
with a detachment of marines, and 778
convidls, of which saowere women. He
arrived at Botany bay, early in 1788;
but finding this bay ineligible for a
colony, he fixed upon Port Jackfon,
13 m further to the n ; and here a fet-
tlement was begun, to which he gave
the name of Sydney Cove. With rt-
(pe& to the country, a vaft chain of
lofty mountains, named the Blue Moun-
tains, about 40 m inland, runs nearly
in a N and s direction further than the
eye can reach. The general face of i<
is diverfified with gentle rifings and
fmall winding valleys, covered, for the
moft part, with large (^reading trees,
which aflbrd a fucceflion of leaves in
all feafons ; and a variety of flowering
flirubs, almoft all new to an European,
abound in thofe places which arc free
from trees. The climate is vari.ible, yet
very healthy ; the heat is never excef-
ftve in fummer, nor the cold intoler-
able in winter ; florms of thunder and
lightning are frequent, but the atmo*
fphere is generally bright and clfar;
ice is very fcldom feen, and no fnow
has yet appeared except on the higheft
ridgea of the remoter mountains. The
quadrupeds are principally of the op>

WAL

polTiim kind, of which the mod re-
markable is the k-iuRaroo. The native
dogs ;irc txtrcmely fierce, and cannot
be broiiglit to the fame degree ot fa-
miliarity as tikofc we are acqiiimted
with. There are alfo weafcls and ant-
eaters ; with that lingular animal the
duck-billed platypus, in which the jawu
of a quadruped are elongated into the
complete bill <»f a bird. There are
many beautiful birds of various kinds ;
among which the principal is a black
fvvan, itu wings edged with white, its
bill tinged with red ; and the oltrich or
callowary, which frequently reaches the
height of (even feet or more. Several
kinds of ferpents, lirge fpiders, and
fcolopendras, have alfo been met with ;
and three or four fpecies of ants, par-
ticularly green ants, which build their
nelts upon trees in a Angular manner.
There are likewife many curious fifhes;
though the finny tribe feem not to be
fo plentiful here as they generally are
in higher latitudes. Some (harks have
been fi-en in Port Jackfon, and in the
rivers and f.dt creeks there are alliga-
tors. The natives of New South Wales
are repref«;nted as, perhaps, the moll
favage race of people exifting. They
go entirely naked ; and though pleafed
at firft wit^ fome omamenti that were
given them, they foonthre'v them away
as ufclefs. Some of them, whom the
colonifts partly clothed, Teemed to be
pleafed with the comfortable warmth
they derived from it ; and they all ex-
prefled a great delire for iron tools.
The colour of ihe natives is rather a
deep chocolate than a full black ; but
the filth with which their fkin is co-
vered, prevents its true colour from
appearing. Notwithftanding their dif-
regard for European fineiy, they are
fond of «</or«/»j^ their bodies with Icars ;
fo that fome of them make a very hi-
deous figure : fometimes, the fkin is
raifed confiderably from the flefti, and
appears as if filled with wind : and
all thefe i«;em to be reckoned marks of
honour. Some of them perforate the
cartilage of the nofe, and thruft a bone
through it, as a kind of ornament.
Their hair is generally clotted with a
red gum ; and they paint themfelves
with various colours : they will alio
fometimes ornament themfelves with
beads and (hells, but make no ufe of the
beautiful feathers of their birds. Mod
of the men want one of the foreteeth in
the upper jaw, which appears to he a
badge of honour among them ; and it is
common for the women to cut off two
joints of the little finger. Tlie New

WAL

Ilollandcrfi appear extremely deficient
in the ufi-ful arts. Of the cultivation
of the ground they have no notitjn ;
that they depend for (Ubfiftence on the
fruits and ruottt they can gather, and
the animals and fidi they catch. They
frequently fct fire to the gral's, in or<!er
to drive out the oppolliuns, and other
animalH, from their ntrcats ; and tiny fet
decnys tor quails: but thefe rv.'fources
bring precarious, they are frequently
diltrelfed tor provilions. There is no
good real'on for fuppoUug them to
be cannibals ; but ihey eat animal fub-
ftanccs raw, or nearly fo. Some of
their vegetables are poifonous when raw»
but not fo when boiled ; and they l()me-
times bake their provifions, by the help
of hot (tones. Among the fruits ufed
by them is a kind of wild fig ; and they
eat alfo the kernels of a truit refem-
bling the pineapple. The principal
part of their fubliftence, however, iy
fi(h. They fomi-limes (Irike the fifh
from their canoes with (pears, fometimes
catch them with hooks, and alfo make
ule of nets, which arc generally made of
the fibres of the flax plant, with very
little preparation, and are (Irong and
heavy ; the lines of which they are com-
pofed being twilted like whipcord.
Slime of them, however, appear to be
made of the fur of an animal, and others
of cotton. The mclhcs of the nets are
mride of large loops artificially inferted
into each other, vithouf any knots.
Their hooks arc made of the infule of
a Ihell very much refembling the mo-
ther-of pearl. Their canoes are no-
thing more than large pieces of bark tied
up at both ends with vines ; and, con-
lidering the flight tex'.ute of thefe vel-
(cls, the dexterity with which they arc
managed, and the boldnefs with which
they vi'iiture out to fea in tneni, are
wonderful Their huts conlift ot pieces
of bark laid together in the form of an
oven, open at one end, very low, but
long enough for a man to lie at full
length ; but they feem to depend more
for (hclter on the caverns with which
the rocks abound. In fome things they
polfelj a great power of imitation :
they cm imitate. ttie fongs and lan-
guage if the Europeans almoft inftan-
taneoufly, onich better than the latter
can imi'ate theirs by loi.g pradice.
This talent is alio difd^rnable in their
fculptures, every where to be met with
on the rock«< : thefe reprefent men and
other animals, and, though rude, are
very furprifing for people who have
not the knowledge of conftrudting a
comfortable habitation, ur of nuk.ing
3D a

m

1"*

mi '

clothes. Tn pcrfon thoy arc atflive,
vigoroiin, ami llout, though generally
lean. The womrn have fometimcs hcen
kept back with the moft jeahma (i'n-
fibility, Ibmotimcs olFt-red with the
greatcft familiarity. Such of them as
have bt'oii ftiii have foft and pleafing
%'oices; and (iiem not to be dfflitute t)f
Diodefty- The men diCpliiy gn-at per-
fonal bravery on the appearance of any
danger; butt with all their cournge,
they are much afiaiil of a m\dket.
They certainly burn their dead ; which,
perhaps, has given rife to the llory of
their biing cannibal». They fecm very
little given to thieving».in comparifon
with the inhabitants of mod of the
iflands in the Southern ocean ; but they
are ever ready to commit depredations
on the Indian corn, whenever there is
a probability of their attempts proving
fuccefsful. They are very expert at
throwing their javelins, and will hit a
mark at a confiderable diftance. Their
number feems to be few, in comparifon
to the extent of the country : and
there is realbn to believe that the in-
terior parts are uninhabited. Thejea-
loufy of the Europeans, which origi-
ginally exilled, has now entirely vanilh*
ed ; but the proximity of a civilized
colony 'has not tended in the lead: to
polifh their native rudenefc and barba-
rifm. Thf Britifh fcttlement here has
continued to flonrilh and extend from
its firft eftabliQimcnt at Sydney. In
1809, the population was 9356 ; of
which number above two-thirds main-
tain themfelves, and the rell are vi(ftual-
ed and clothed at the expenfe of the
crown. Moil men of a trade or pro-
fefTion purfue their calling ; and la-
bourers are either employed by fettlcrs
to cultivate their lands, and in various
occupations, or w*ork in different gangs,
where they can be ferviceable. The
land in cultivation at that time was
6887 acres of wheat, 3389 of maizC)
534 of barley, 93 of oats, loi of peafe
and beans, 301 of potatoes, 13 of tur-
nips, 546 of orchard and garden, 35 of
flax, hemp, and hops : and the live ftock,
confining of horfes, beeves, fheep, goats,
and pigs, were become very numerous.
Goal of a very fine quality is procured
with little trouble ; but the mod priz-
able fubjefts yet difcovered are valuable
ftonee, of which the white and yellow
topazes are of greater worth than thofe
produced in Brafil. The jurifdidtion of
the governor of New S Wales extends
from 10 37 to 43 49 s lat. From the
feacoaft it extends weft ward to 135 e
Ion. and thence proceeding in an eaft-

WA L

erly direiflion, includes all the in.inds
in the Pacific ocean, within the above.
mentioned latitude. See Sydnetj.

ffnlet, a town of Negrol.ind,' capital
of Beeroo. It is 100 ni n by v,- Sego,
and 270 w by s Tombudtoo. Lon. j 0
w, lat. 15 45 N.

/r<7Mo/,a town of the duchy of Cour-
land. In the year 1626, the Poles were
defeated near this town by the Swedi i.
It is 34 m K Mittuw.

fValkenried, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Tiuiringia, (eated on the Sorge, a m
Nw Nordhaufcn.

IFial/iijapetta, a town of Ilindooftan,
in the Carn.itic- It is rej^ularly built,
and populous, and the centre of tlie
trade between the country above tlit
Gauts and the feacoaft. It Hands on
the N bank of the Paliar, nearly oppo-
lite Arcot, 63 m w by s Madras.

JValUnburg, a town of Swifferland,
in the canton of Bafel, with a caftic on
a high rock ; feated on the Ergetz, i:
m d by B Ba(i;l.

WalUnJiddtt a town of Swiflerland,
incorporated into the bailiwic of Sar-
gans, but enjoying many diftinft pri-
vileges. It is a great thorou^jhfare for
merchandife pafling from Germany,
through the country of the Grifons, to
It.ily. It ftands on the e end of a lake
of the fame name, 9 m w Sargans, and
15 NwCoire.

ffallenjhdti a lake of Swiflerland, 10
m long and 2 broad, bounded by high
mountains, except to the e and vv. On
the fide of the canton of Glarus, the
mountains are chiefly cultivated, and
fludded with fmall villages; on the
other fide, for the moft part, the rocks
are craggy and perpendicular. Through
this lake flows the Mat, which fooii after
joins the-Linth, and forms the liver
Limmat.

tValkrfiein, a town of Suabia, with
a caftle, 6 m sw Oettingen.

Wallingford, a borough in Berk/hire,
with a market on Tuefday and Friday,
and a great trade in corn and malt. It
was once furrounded by a wall, and
had a caftle, now demoliftied ; and con-
fifts of four pariflies, but has only one
church now in ufe. It is feated on the
Thames, over which is a ftone bridge,
14 m NW Reading, and 46 w London.

IVaUingford, a town of Conneflicut,
in Newhaven county, 13 m sw Middle-
ton, and 13 NE Newhaven.

IVallkillt a town of New York, in
Ulfter county, on a creek of its name,
n m w Newburg.

fTalnet/t an ifland of England, on the
coaft of Lancafliire. It is 9 m long Md

WAL

one broad, and ferves as a bulwark to
the hundred of Furnefs, againft the
waves of the IriHi fea.

IValpo, 1 town of Sclavonia, capital
of a county of the fame name, wiih a
caltlc. Jf is (eatid on the river Walpo,
ao m w EiTck.aiKl i lo s Buda. Lon. 19
ajE, lat. 4535 N.

WalpoU, A town of Nfw Hampfhire,
inCheihire county, feted on the Con-
necticut, 14 m N by ^v Keenc, and 108
w ForHinouth.

IValj'all, a town in Staffbrdniire,
govprti'-d by a mayor, with a market on
Tiiefdiiy, and manufailurca of hard
ware- I he number of inhahirants was
5648 in iHii. In the neighbourhood
are valuable lime-works. It is (eated on
the fiiie of a hill, 1 5 m 8 Stafford, and
115 Nw London.

IValJhanh North, a town in Norfolk,
with a market on Tuefday, 10 m e Nor-
wich, and 125 NNB London.

tValjinjj[ham,?L town in Norfolk, with
a market on Friday. It is famous for
the ruins of a monaftery, which had
a chapel of the Virgin, greatly fre-
quented by pilgrims. Much falfron is
grown in the neighbourhood. It is 25 m
Nw Norwich, and 113 wne London.

IFalfrod:, a town oF Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Lunehurg, with a con-
vent of nuns of noble extradlion ; feat-
cd on the Bohme, 15 m e by s Vera<.u.

Waltenbuch- a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemberg, on the river
Aich, 10 ra s by w Stutgard.

Walterjhaufen, a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in Thuringia, which belongs, with
the adjacent cattle of Tenneberg, to
Saxe-Gotha. It has manufactures of
cloth, and ftands on the Horfel, 5 m sw
Gotlia.

IValtham, Bi/hof>, a town in Hamp-
fiiire, with a market on Friday. Here
the bifliops of Wincheller had formerly
a (lately palace, which was deftroyed
in the civil wars. It is 9 m sse VVin-
chefter, and 65 w by s London.

ii''altham Abbeyy a town in Eflex,
v.'iih a market on Tuefday. It bad a
magnificent abbey, founded by king
Harold, Ibme fragments of which re-
main. Harold and his two brothers,
after the bailie of Haftings, were in-
terred here ; and a (tone coffin, fup-
pofed to have bi'en his, was diicovered
in the reign of Rlifabeth. Waltham
has fome gunpowder mills, and manu-
fadlures of printed linens and pins. It
is feated on the e fide of the river Lea,
which here forms feveral iflands, la ra
N by E London.

^althm Crofs, a village i;i Hertford-

WAN

ftuie, a mile w of Walth.am Abbey.
Here are fome confiderable remains of
a crofs ere(Jled by Edward i, in honour
of his queen Eleanor.

If'ait/iamjlow, a villaKO in Effcx, near
the river Lea, 5 m n e London. It hu
a large and handfbme church, a frce-
fchool, .nid many elegant villas.

ifahon, a village in Surry, feated on
the Thami'9, over which il has a hand-
fomebridjfe, 6 m w by s Kingfton.

J^alton-le-Daht a villagr in Lanca-
iliire, with confiderable manufadturet
common to the county, fe ited near the
Lancafler canal and the river Ribble,
a m ssE Prefton.

If^ilur, a town of Hindooftan, in
Myfort!, with a caftle. The chief ma-
nufacture is cotton cloth, and in the
vici iiity naany coarfe blankets are woven.
It ftands in a fertile country, ao m e by
N Bangalore.

lyanderjl^h'tt, a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in the piincipality of Altenburg, g
m sw Erfurt.

JVaiidkvaJhf a town of Hindooftan,
in the Carnatic, 27 m ssE Arcot, and
38 NNwPondicherry.

l/'and/ivort/i, a village in Surry, feat-
ed on the Wandle, near its conflux with
the Thames, 5 m wiw London. Here
are inanufadlures for bolting cloth, the
printing of calicos and kerfeymeres,
and the whitening and prcffingof ftuffs;
with oil, iron, and white lead mills,
vinegar works, and diftilleries. In Gar-
ret Lane, near this place, a mock elec-
tion was formerly held, after every ge-
neral elcdion of parliament, of a Mayor
of Garret ; to which Foote's dramatic
piece of that name gave no fmall cele-
brity.

fFnnfried, a town of Germany, in
Lower Heffe, fituate on the Werra, 15
m w Mulhaufen, and 36 e.se Caffel.

IVangara, a fertile country of Ne-
groland, lying to the s of Bornou. It
is watered by the Niger, which here
divides into feveral branches. Ghanara
is the capital.

iVangen, a town of Suabia (lately
imperial) with a trade in wine, fine
paper, linen, and hardware ; feated on
the Overarg, 18 m ne Lindau, and ai
w Kempton.

Wangen, a town of Swiflerland, in
the canton of Bern, capital of a baili-
wic It is feated on the Aar, 10 m e
Soleure, and 33 nnk Bern.

TVangetiy a town of France, in the
department of Lower Rhine, feated on
the fide of a hill, and furrounded by a
wail, la m w Strafburg.

JVitHlockhead, a village of Scotland,

h

p,

;■■>-'.

■I.''

WAR

In Dumfriesfhire, 4 m m Sanquliar.
Here are rich lead aiinet, and a tiuin*
ber of rmelting-hourc^.

If'anJienJ, a village in EITcx, on the
IkirtB t>f Eppinp foroft, 6 m nr London-
It is diflinguiftied for its handfuire mo*
dern church, and Wanfload-honfe, one
of the moftmaKiMficent feats in England-

If'antage, a town in Bcrklhire, with
a market 011 Saturday, and u manufac-
ture of facking. It is famous for being
the birthplace of kinff Alfred ; and many
battles with the Danes have been fought
in the vicinity. It (lands on a branch of
the Ock, 1 2 m s by vv Oxford, and 60
w London.

JFantzenau, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Rhine, which
was taken by the Auflrians in I793> It
is 6 m N Strafburg.

JfanxleAentA town of Lower Saxony,
in the principality of Magdeburg, 1 2 m
■wgw Magdeburg.

yVara, a town of Ncgroland, capital
of Bergoo. It is 320 m sse Bornou.
Lon- 25 25 B, lat- 1530 N.

WarangoU, a town of Hindooflan,
the Arinkill ofFerifhta, once the capi-
tal (M Colconda- The lite of it is ftill
evident from thf old ramparts, which
arc amazingly extenfive. A modern for-
trefit is cniiflrudled within it, and is in
the poflVffion of the nizam of the Dec-
)can. It is 62 m NNF. Ilydrabad. Lon.
;r9 30 E, lat- 18 6 N.

^arberg, a feaport of Sweden, in
Haliand, with a caftle at the month of
the harbour, on a rock furrounded by
water It is feated near the Categat, 34
in SSE Gotheburg. Lon. 11 56 e, lat.

57 «2 N

JVarhurg, a town of Weftphalia, in
the principality of Paderhqrn, feated on
theDvmel, 17 m sse Paderborn-

JVardt, a town of Denmark, in N
Jutland, near the mouth of a river of
the fame name, 15 m n Kipen.

Wardtitit Greaty a ftrong town of
Hungary, capital of a county of the
fame name, and a bifliop's fee with a
citadel. The town itfelf is not large,
but ha& three fuburbs of confiderable
extent. It was taken by the Turks in
1660, but the Aultii;inH retook it in
i69i. It is fe.ittd v^n the Keres, 117
m NE Petirwjidein, and 150 tsk Buda.
Lon. 21 50 K, lat 47 5 N.

f^'ardan Little, a ftrong town of
Croatia, capital of a county of the fame
name. It it. israled on the Drave, 34 ni
N by £ Agram.nnd 50 se Gratz. Lon.

13 15 E, i«t. 46 40 N.

tVardhuysy a feaport of Norway,
papital of a govemtneot of the fame

\y A u

nam*", which includes Danifli Lnpliml.
It (lands on a fmall idand of the lame
nnmc, near the continent, and hns mh
old fori wlierc the governor relidL;;. It
i» 150 m E8E of the North Tape- Lou.
31 7 K, lat. 70 23 N.

ffardjbridgft a town of New York,
in Ulfter county, feated on Walkili
creek, 16 m w by s Newbnrg.

IVarCf a town in Herlfordllnre, '.villi
a marktk on Tuefday ; feated on the
river l-ea, by which large quantities of
malt dnd corn are fent to London. It
is 2 m R by n Hertford, and 21 n by
E London.

IFtireey a town of Guinea, capita! of a
country of its name, in the kingdDm of
Benin. It is 70 m ssw Benin. Lun 0
o E, lat. 5 38 N.

tVareham, a borough in Dorletfliire,
governed by a mayor, with a market on
Saturday. It is feated between the
Fronie and Piddle, «' their entrance
into Lochford lake, the w part of Poole
harbour- It had eiuht chutches, now
reduced to three ; aifo a wall of earth
and a caftle; and the harbour is now
almoft choked up. In 1 762, two thirds
of the town was^eftroyed by fire, luit
has been rebuilt. Above the bridge,
over the Frome, is a good falmon filh-
cry ; and in the neighbourhood fine clay
is dug, of which an immenfe quantity is
fent coaftwife. Wareham is the birth*
place of the celebrated Horace Walpole.
It is 20 m E Dorchefter, and 1 1 2 w by s
London.

Warendorfy a fortified town of Weft*
phalia, in the principality of Munfter,
with good linen manufaiflures, feated
on the Ems, 12 m k by s Munlter.

Warkoy a town of Poland, in the pa-
latinate of Mafovia, on the river Piifa,
45 m 8 by E Warlaw.

IVarkivorthy a village in Northum-
berland, at the mouth of the Coquet,
5 m s£ Alnwick. Ii has a callle, the
feat of the duke of Northumberland ;
and near it, on the bank of the river,
is a hermitage divided into three apart-
ments, cut out of a rock-

HarmhiJIer, a town in Wiltfliire,
with a market on Saturday, a woollen
manufa«ilure, and a great trade in malt.
It has two churches, and is feated at the
Iburcc of the Willy, 22 m nw Salif-
bury, and 96 w by s London.

fVarminJier, a town of Virginia, in
Amhirft county, on the n fide of James
river, 70 m w by n Richmond.

fVarnemunde, a town of Germany, in
the duchy of Mecklenburg, fj-ated near
the Baltic, at the mouth of the Warn?,
9 m NNw Roftock'

of the imt
■■»"'l has nil

fr rt'lidL;;. It

-•P*.*. Loii.

New York,
on Walkill

kdfljirc, ivith
fc.iU'd on the
■ quantities of
J London, h
(and 21 N by

|a, capital of .1
|e kingdom of
pnin. Lon o

ii Dorfetfliiie,

t» a market on

between the

heir entrance

part of Poole

huiclit'3, now

wall of earth

I'bour is now

&2|twothiril3

by fire, but

the bridge,

d falmcn filh.

hood fine ciajr

ifif quantity is

^ is the birth*

raceWalpole.

nd 112 w bys

own of Weft"
f of Munfttr,
Jlures, fcated
Munfter.
id, in the pa-
le river Pilfa,

in Northnm-
the Coquet,
a caftle, tiie

lumbcrkind ;

of the river,
three apart-

1 Wilifliire,
r, a woollen
ade in malt,
feated at tlie
1 NW iJalif-
n.

Virginia, in
de of James
tid.

Germany, in
fixated near
the Warn?!

WA R

TVarnetoHt a town of the Nclhorlaiidi!,
in Fluiiders, on the river Lib, U m nw
Line.

lyarrtn, a town of the diilrift of
Maine, in Linculti county, 7 m w Thu-
malton.

Warrertt a town of Rhode Ifland, in
Briftol county, which has a good trade,
particularly in fliip-building. It Hands
on Warron river and ih»> ne part of
Nara)4.iiilei bay, 10 m sre Provid* nee.

lyarrfHt a town of Virginia, on ihc
N fide of James river, 10 m eme War-
mitillcr, and ai tiswCharlottefvilie.

tl'arrenton, a town of N Carolina,
chief of Warren county, 35 m w by n
Halifax, and 54 nne Ralegh.

IVarrington, a town in Lancalhire,
with a market on Wednefday. It has
manufadures of canvas,CQtton8,checks,
hardware, pins, and glaft ; and a con-
fiderable traitic in malt. Here are two
churches, an excellent freefchool, and a
noted academyfor theeducation of youth.
Thenumberof inhabitants was 10,567 in
1H01, and 11,736 in 18 It. It is feated
on the Mer fey, over which is a bridge,
i6m E Liverpool. and I i^ 2 NNwLondon.

ffhrriore, a tiwn of Hindooltan, in
the Climatic, 3 r m nne Tanjore, and
55 Sbw Pondiclverry.

If'/irjii^u, a city of Poland, lately the
metropolis of that country, and in the
paUtinate of Mafovia. It Is built partly
on u plain, and partly on a gentle liie
from the Viftnia; extending, with the
iiiburhsof Kraka and Praga, over a vaft
exte.nt of ground, and containing above
06,000 inhabitants. The Areets are
rpacious, but ill paved ; the churches
and public buildings, large and magni-
ficent; the palaces of the nobility, nu-
merous and iplendid ; but the greatt-ft
part of the houfes, particularly in the
iuburbs, are mean wooden hovels.
Early in 1794, the cmprefs of Ruflia
put H garril()n into this city, in ordtr to
attain the ufurpations ihe had in view ;
but it was expelled by the citizens. The
king of PrniTia befieged Warlaw in July,
but was compelled to raife the fiege in
iseptember. It was imdertaken by the
Ruflians, who, in November, took by
ftorin the fuhurb of Praga, mafTacred
the inhabitants, and nearly reduced it
to aflies. The immediate confequence
was the furrender of the city to the
Ruflians, who, in 1796, dtlivered it up
to the king of Pruflia. Toward the
end of 1B06 the French occupied this
place ; and by the treaty of Tilfit, the
city, and this part of Poland, was given
to Saxony, to be held under the title of
thp duchy of Warfaw. It is 17Q m «

WA R

Konigfberg,and 180 mu Breflau. Lon.
ai OK, lat. 5a 14 h.

t^'artay a river that rifes in Little
Poland, flows thr.nvn QxtM Poland by
Siradia and Poln.in, pafl'ci by DriefTen
and L.indfherg in Brandenburg, and
tnters the Oder at Cuftrin.

If'arta, a town of Poland, in the pa*
lutinate of Siradia, on the river Warta,
11 m N Siradia.

fVartfnberx, " town of Silefla, capU
t«l of a lordftiip of the lame name,
witii a cuftle. In 174a it was entirely
reduced to alhes, except the old cuftle,
which is now ufed as a brewery. It
is 38m NE Brcflau. Lon. 17 jo e, lat.
51 19 N.

ftartenberg, a town of Silefia, In
the principality of Glogau, ao m kv?
Ologau.

f^ariviei, A botough and the capital
of Warwicklhire, governed by a mayor,
with a market on Saturday. It was
forlifif'd with a wall, now in ruins ; but
has (till a fine caftle of the ancient earia
of Warwick, inhabited by the prefent
pnfTcflor of that title. 'I he town was
nearly deftroyed by fire in 1694, and
now principally confifts of one regular-
built ftreet, at the end of which is an
ancient gate. It had formerly fix mo-
nalteriesand fix churches; of the latter
two only remain : it has likewife a
handfome fhirehoufe, a good freefchool,
and a noted hoCpital for la decayed
gentlemen. The number of inhabitant*
was 5;9ain 1801, and 6497 in i8ii. It
i3 lituate on a rocky eminence, by the
river Avon, 10 m ssw Coventry, and 90
NW London. Lon. i 35 w, Ut. 5a 17 n.

fVarivick, a town of Virginia, capital
of a county. It is feated on the right
bunk of James river, 1 5 m se Richmond.

/^rtJW/V^, a town of Maryland, in
Cecil county, on the e flioie of Chefa-
peat: hay, 15 m sw Philadelphia-

tyartwicky a town of Rhode Ifland,
chief of Kent county- it has a cotton
manufacture, and is fituate at the head
of Naraganlet bay, 8ms Providence.

^Vartiuickjhiret a county of England,
bounded on the n by Dcrbyfhire, ne
by Leicefterfhire, i'. by Northampton-
ftiire, SE by Oxfordfhire, .sw by Glou»
ceiterfhire, w by Worceflerfhirc, and
Nw by Staffordfliire. It is 47 m long
and 30 broad, containing 629,760 acres ;
is divided into four hundreds, and 205
pariflies ; has one city and i a market-
towns, and fends fix members to par-
liament. The number of inhabitants
was 208,190 in 1801, and a28,735 in
1811. The N part, called the Wond-
landS| is divided from th( s, called the

1^^

IdrRcU 'own

Vi/rt, a f«Mport of Sweilt'ti, in K

WAS

Fcldon, by the river Avon; and tlir foil
ot botli iit rich and tcriilf. It pr< ('.ticet
corn, n.ix, wood, wool, chccl<-, co.il,
iront aiiil lniifltntie ; and the bricilii of
cuttle and (hccp an- of i fuprrinr kind.
The .principal riviTS an* thi. Avon,
1'ani)*, Old Arrow. It iH aUo interli'Ct-
ed by li viral ciiials, wliich, comrmini-
cati>)(^ w"h oth' rs that proceed to thr
rivers Tiiimcf. S< vi-rn, Mcrli-y, and
Trent, arc of coiifidcrahli" advanfiKc to
its trade and conitju-ici! Tin- capit.d
is Waiwick, but Birmingliam in thr
gtl

Itothnit, at the mouth of a nvcr, on
the giilt of Uothuia, 40 m n by e Chrif
tincdad

Ifq/htn^ton, a diflri*fl of Tcnn 'ircc,
comprchcndimi thi* 'oun'.ic. of VV'afh-
iiiRton, Sid'ivan, Ci\ I'^'"kin8, and

Carttr. I li-' capital > -li'ii .nigh-

Wajbinxion, a lidly . .'"i<M in «hi- sw
part of S Carolina, comprehend' ! ;he
coiinti't* of PendUton and GuMivillc.
rickenrviile is the capital.

ll'ajh'Dii^ton, a t(»wn of N Carolim,
in Beaufort county. It whs formerly
c;iilcd Hath, and has a pood harbour
near the mouth of ihc riv«r Tar, 38 m
NE Newborn. Lon. 77 aj u, lat. 35 30 N.

H^ajhhifrton, a town of the Itate of
Georgia, chii-f of Wiikct* county- A
mile V. of the town is a ii'ring that is
beneficial in fcorbutic c.tlU ; it ri(e3
from a hollow tree, the infidc of which
is covered with a thick coat of matter,
and the leaves around tin; Iprinp are in-
crulbd with a white fubltmcc. It is 50
m WNW Augufta. Lon. 82 30 w, lat.

53 «a N

ff'aj/jtngton, a town of Pcnnfylvania,
chief of a county of the fame name*,
and confidcrable for a variety of manu-
fadlureu. It ftands on a branch of
Chartier creek, 10 tn above M organza,
and.az ssw Piitfburg. Lon. «o 30 w,
lit. 40 I I N.

Jl'njhbifrton, a town of Kentucky,
chief of Malbn county. It is a com-
mercial place, fituate in a fine country
near the Ohio, 63 m ene Frankfort.
Lon. 83 33 w, lat. 38 20 N.

/Frt/Z>/'«^/o«, a city and the metro-
polis of the United States of America,
m the territory of Columbia. It is
leated on the Potomac, atthejundion
of the Eaflern branch, extending about
4 m up each river, including a tra6t
of country fcarcely to be exceeded in
point of convenience and falubrity by
any in the world. This city, in 1792,
was eftablilhed by the United States,
to be the permanent feat of government.

W A S

rifter the year iHoo It is divided into
fqiiarca or grand diviftonfl by ttreeii
running due n tnd :«. .nul v. anu w*
which form the ground-work of the
plan : but fr<ini the capitol the prcfi«
dent'f Imule, and fome of thi import-
ant areaii in the city, run dia^'on,d
llrietH, from one miterial objcvil to
another, which produce a vaiicty of
profpe«J>d The great leading ftrectsarc
160 feet wide; including a p.ivetnent of
10 feet ami a gravel walk ol 30 fftt
planted with trees on each Itde, and 80
feet of paved ftreet ui the middle" for
carriages. The other (IreetH are, ia
i^eneral, 1 10 feet wide, with a few only
90 feet, except North, .South, and Ca-
pitol ftreetfl, which are 160 feet. The
diagonal ftrects are named after the
(late.s compofing the Union, while tholt;
running n anil u are. from I lie capitol
eailward, named Eaft Firft-lhvit. Eaft
vSccond-ltreet, «\c. and thole v^ of it are,
in the lame nia-uier, called Welt Firft-
ftrert. Weft SfC(.'id-ltreet, &c. Thole
running e and ware, from thetapitol
northward, named North A -ftreet,
North B-llreet, &c- and thofe .s of it are
called South A-ftreet, South Mf.reet,
&c. The fquares, or diviliona of the
city, amount to 1150: the reduigulu
ones contain from three to fix acre's ;
and are divided into lots of front 40 to
tio feet in front, and their depth from
nolo 300. according to the fizeotlhcm;
but the irregular divilioi. 8, pioilucedby
the diagonal ftreets, are K) • e ui them
fmall. All the houlis mnft be of brick
or ftone. The area for the eapitol (or
houfe for the legillative bodies) is on an
eminence, about a mile fiom the Eaflern
branch, and not much mote from the
Potomac, commanding a view of the
city and of the country round. The
prefideut's houfe is on a rifing ground,
not far from the Potomac, polTcffing a
delightful water prolped, and a vitw of
the capitol. Due s from the prefident's
houfe, and due w from the capitol, run
two great plealiire parks or malls, wliich
interfed and terminate upi/U the banks
of the Potomac, and are to lie orna-
mented at the fides by a variety of ele-
gant buildings, houfes for foreign minif-
tcrs, &c. Interfperfed tlnough the city,
where the moR material ftreets crofs
each other, are a variety of open areas,
formed in various regular figures; the
beft of thefe arc appropriated to the
different ftates compofing the Union; not
only to bear their refpedtive names, but
as proper places to ered ftatues, obe-
li/ks, or columns, to the memory of
their celebrated men. Upon a I'mall cmi-

N»«RVV^»*T?«^*^*'*^ ^

W A S
nencc, whfr«?a line due w from the capl-
tot aiul H from tliv.* prrliditit'ii houlu
iiitir(c»5l. i* an ♦■tiucftiian llatuc of gr-
ncral WHlliins'ton. tlu- Kilt prtlidiiit
of the United St.iti'8. IVopcr pl.iiih .uc
marked out for other puhlic IxiiMin^H;
as A inariiii: hiilpitali with its ^anh-ns ,
a gciicr.il cxcti>in|((r, and it<t puhtic
walks ; a fort, ma^'a/ini-R, and arlloal j
a city liall, cliuiThcs, colu^jcs, m.iilitt
houfi'". thc.itrc, i^'c. TlirEilhrn liratith
it fuflicioiilly dtcp for the laiyi ft Ihips,
for 4 in above it» jiindlion \siih the
I'otomac, and tiic ch^niitl lica chile
along the cd^;i- i>f the eity. 'i'ln- Polo
mac produces a commiiuic.il ion by wi-
icr between the city and tlw iiit','rior
parts of Vii^Miia and Miry land, by
meant of the Shannamlo.di, ihf South
branch, Opi can, Cape Capon, I'attcifon
oreck, Con()iichei;ue, and Monocafy,
ror upward of »< o m thr(iuj;h a htalthy
region, pioducinj; tobacco, h(.'mp,mai/r,
wheat, and oiht-r (mall grain, with fruits
and vegetables in abundance. 'I'hi lands
upon the Potomac, above the city, all
around it, and for 60 m brjow, are I
liij^h ;;nd dry, abounding wiih Iprings
of fxcellent water, and covered uith
timber trees of various kinds. A few
m bi'low the city, on the banks of the
Potoiiiac, are inexhauflible mountaiua
of freellonc, of which tht. public edificts
are building ; ami above the city aie^
immenfe <niaiititics of <xcellent coal,
limeltoiie, marble, and blue (late. The
Tyber, which is the piincipal dream
that paffcs through the city, is to be
collected in a grand rtfervoir, near the
capitol, whence it will be carried in
pipes to ditfcrent parts of the city ;
while its I'urplus water will fall down
In calcades, through the public gardens
w of the capitol, into a canal. Since
1791, many workmen have been cm-
ployed, but many years will be required
to complete the plan. In 1800, after
the adjournment of congrelii, at their
laft ftliion in Philadelphia, the public
offices, records, and property were re-
moved to this city ; and on the izti of
November, the congrefs allembled here
for the firft time. In 1810, the number
of inhabitants in the city and its dilvrid:
was 24,023- [On Auguft 24, 1H14, a
Britifli military and naval force defeated
the Americar'8 near this place; then
entered the city, fet on fire the capitol,
the prefident's houfe, other public edi-
fices, the dock- yard, &c. and retreated
the next day.] Walhington is 144 m
sw Philadelphia, the late capital of the
United States. Lou. 77 o w^ liit' 38
57 N. .

WAT

^Ki/hlnxtoH IJlatuh, or Ktw Mur,
qurjrts I lire iHgrahiim lj!ands.

li'iijfrnhng, a town of Funcf, in thr
departmintof ll„.r, lately of Germ lOf,
in the duchy of Jiilicrs; (emd on the
KoiT, 17 tn Nw Juhers.

ly'ttileibtir^, A to nil of IJa/atii, with
a caftle. and four c'uirchcn Ihe prm.
cipil trad- is in filt. In iHoo. the
Ir.nch took ji l,y (lorm It u it-ati-d
on the Inn, a8 m h .Munich, and «» mw
3al/,bur|;,

^f'fii/trtrtiJint^f,i, a town of Fianconfa .
in the piineipalily of Anipieh. fcitcJ
on th Weniii/,, 6 m n Oitiingm.

ll'tijf-watfr, a lake in ('ii'nbrrland, r
m NNL l<(veii|?i.ils It is ^ (Ti l((,ig anti
above half i miUf br..ad. lyin^' in Waft-
d.de.amoM^ li-'wrlteni mouiiMins. The
Screes, a vciy high ridge of monntaini,
run along the se fule of the lake. Iti
oiiilet, ai t!ie s , nd joins the river Ut,
which cut; ■• , the lea at \{ ivenglafs.

If'it/unj^fn, a town ol [Jpppr $;>• ^ny,
in Thurini,'ia. On a mountain , t' -
N of it is the aneient c.iftle .if N^ ye
uft. It iit (eated on the VVerr. 5 m ■!<
Meinungi n.

Ifatc/u't, a town in Somerfetflilrc,
with a mark* t on Saturday ; le,. -d on
the Briltol channel, at the mouch of a
harbour frequented by coal Ips, which
aicfnightid Iknce with lit. ..lone, ala-
baller, and kelp I. i, 14 m nw Tuuu-
ton, and 156 w by 3 Loi'don.

If'alfi-ootAW ifland in the l';*cific ocean,
difeovtMi'd by captain Cook It is lU
m in circuit, compofed of hills and
plains, and thi- furfice covcied with
verdure. On the riling grounds tho
illanders build their houles, which arc
long and fpacious. The manntirs of tlio
people, the general habits of life, and
their religious opinions and ceremonies,
greatly relemble thofeof Otaheite. Lon.
15^ 15 w, lat. 21 I s.

If'aferhnn/, a town of the diflridt of
Maine, in York county, featcd on iSlou-
fom river, 15 m nw Wells.

IVaterforJ, a county of Ireland, 46 m
long and 25 broad ; bounded on the s
by St. George channel, w by Cork, n
and NE by the river Suir, which fepa-
rates it from Tipperary and Kilkenny,
and K by Watcrford haven, which parts
it from \Vt xford. It is divided into 34
pardhcs, contains about 110,100 inha-
bitants, and (ends four members to par-
liament. It prefents a divtrlity of Ibil
and profpeiff, but in general is pleafant
and fertile, yet in many parts mountain-.
0U9 and rocky. Tht chief rivers are the
Suir and Blackwatcr.

fKaterford, a city and feaport of Ire-

'r

WAY

Und, capltxl of a county of the r^mc*
ime. 'knit * \iU\\i>f>'>\ Ire iinittd with
Liliiiorp. It ii will hiiilt. and tliu C4tlie«
ilral ik .111 elegant miHlcni llruCtuii?.
Tlir iiihiibit.inli' ar ■ rftimatrtl A 35>ooo;
ami it UdJi :i itxinlH) lo p'li.imcnt.
It hi« > Jii •■xct'tlt-nl h.uhitiir. v. luic (hip«
of ^irat hijidcn may ii<Ji' ai tin* (juay,
but the iat>:(lt (liipo ^'ii* tally lie a few
m K.w< r. I tif comtutitc li vtiy con-
k(lcrui)l«'{ 411(1 p.itl.i't tuiiilH f.iil rtgii'
Inrly hence loi Miltord-h.ivcii. 'Ihr
principal I'Xi Of > are bcefi purk* corn,
putter, and liiu'ii. It Itaiids oit the rivi-r
Snn, H m N ot St- (tiorge channel, and
Vji 'W Diihhii' Loll 7 24 \v,lat. ^a toN.

ll\itii/orJ, u town of Nt.'W York, in
Albany coiiity, litnale at thejiinttion
ol tfu Mohawk wiih the Hiidlun, 9 in
M Albany

H/tt>r/iiif, one of the Il«biid«;» of
Scotland, to the R <<f H.iia. It is 4 m
lung aiul 3 broad, includii)(; tlu- two
liays by vi-hich it ia nearly inlctted.
The hay at the t « nd is a very commo-
dious harhour for lliips of any biirdtn,
and Deer iCmd liirn at itb entrance. Luii.
y aH w, lat. 56 5 1 N.

ffaterio-wn, a town of Maflachiifct*,
in MiddUfex county, (catid on Charles
river, 7 ni tiom it t nioiiih in bollon lur-
bour, and 9 I'Mi Coiieoid.

Unt/onJ, a town in Hertfordihirc,
with a inaiket on TuiCday. In nd near
the iown are tine lilkir.iU,. It is Irai-
rd on the i'uln, 7 m s by w St. Alban,
and 15 Nw Loiuion.

tyatliHgtou, a town in Oxrordlhire,
with a market on Satnrdnj ; U ated near
the t'hiltcrn hills, on a brook, which,
with ihe continued ridgf, divides the
county froui Buckinghandhire. it is 14
m sF. Oxford, and .)6 w London.

II attcn, a town of France, in the de-
partnxent of Nord, on the river Aa, 5 m
Ji St.Onicr.

II (.tton, a town in Norfolk, with a
jnaikt on VVcdneUlay, 18 in w liy s
Norwich, and 91 nnk London.

'• avrrtn, a town of the Ninherlands,
in Brabant, luuale on the Dyle, isms
Louvain.

Jf'iixholm, afortrtfs on the coaft of
Sweden, in the Baltic, fiiuate on a
fmall ifland at the entrance of the lake
Waeler. Htrc all homeward-bound
ihipsare fearchcd. It is 16 m e Stock-
holm.

fl^at/, .nn iflatid near the N point of
that of Sumatra. It is the largeft of
.the iflandfi that form the entrance of
the channel of Acheen ; and is peopled
by men banilhed from Actieen. Lun.
•J4 5oB>lat. 535 N.

WKI

fftijfw/lerof^/it a town of the (late
of (icorKia, chiet of liurke coiiiiry. |(
it ts m kuw An|(uita. Lun. (la j a, Ut,

fhiir, A river that rifei in the w p,itt
of the county of Durham, flow* »k by
Stanhope to Hiiliop Auckland, ,tiid
thence nk hy Dm ham to Sundcrlanil,
where It tram th< (><'rmaii ociui.

II tomoulh, M .ni, a town in the
couiity of Duihan^ on the n tide of the
mouth of the VV rar, oppotitc Siindu-
land- litre wau an cxteniive nion.tilciy,
Willi h wan deltioyi'd by the tuoi*.
'i'hc numbt'r of inhaliitantH wan 5)41 in
lUoi, and 5^55 iu lUii '« And it t^,lrv|
in the growmi; {jruiperiiy uf SuiMltr<
land.

11 trarmout/i, rijho^% n town in the
county of Durham, un the s tide of the
Wear, ndjuiniii^; the w part of Sunder-
land. It has an iron biidgc over ilie
river, of one arch a^^ li ct fpaii, euiIlcU
ill 1796, und the firlt ever cuiiUiut.'U'(l
of parts to formed ai to unite in \\k
manner of keylloncs- It ban nunul'ac-
tureit ut canvas, and paitake» in the
cumKurce of Siiiidtrlaii.t- The nutnUr
of iniiubituntH was 6ia6 bi iKoi, and
7060 in liiii. it is a6B m n by w
London.

IVtHthtrsfitldy a town of ConnrOi.
cut, in llartfoiJ cuuniy, 5 in b iiart.
ford.

iycdc»f(h<w(tU a town of SwifTitlaiul,
in the canton of Zurich, on the w hdc
uf the lake of Zurich, 10 m sk Ziimh.

II cdmjbury^ a town in Staffoidlliire,
with a m.-iktt on Wtdnclday. Hi u-
are manutadnres ot lardware, fivci.il
iron furgen, and minei of cxcclU-nt conl.
It is 13 m 8SW Lichfield, und 1:4 nw
London.

Il'falon, a village in Northamptou-
iliire, 8 m NNwTowctfter. It Uandii
on the Crrand Jundion canal, and ha^ a
great ordnance depot and bariackt.

Il'een, a town of the Netherland!;) in
the territory of Liege. In 1702, itw.is
beliegi'd by the allies, w t.o d< llroycd
the caitle ; and in 1794 it way taken by
the French, it is featcd on the river
Drey, JO m wnw Ruremonde.

Heever^ a river that riles in the n part
of Shroplliiie, crolJi's Chefliire, and re-
ceiving the Dane from the e, enteis tiu-
eftuary of the Merliy. It is navigable
to Winsford, 'ome m above Northwich,
in Chtihirc.

H'eibjhilt, w town of Germany, in
the late palatinate of the Rhine, 15 m
fsE Hcidelburg.

IVe'tchfelbttrg^ a town of Germany, ia
Qarniola) with a callk' on a mountaiit)

'>c */ pirt
»w« Ik hy

•"«•. .Ji.il
"'IcrLinJ,
• III.

" in the
•!•• of i||(

i<iiiiil(r.
'»Hlkiy,
»■■ iSioli.

' 5)41 ill
if (^.irii

lie

\y V. I

anJ » miniir^Aurc uf (Inc dockini'*, to
in *>" (.ittib.ich.

It'fitfiffrlttth, a tnwn of f Irrmany, in
till' cuvlf of Upper Rhino ,tii«l coiiniy uf
llctihcrK. with 4 caltic , iV-aud mi the
Kin/I>r« 20 in k». Uicfl'en, and Sj Nt
I'(;inktoit.

Htieifr/Mm, a town of PMnroni-i, in
the prini-ip.ility of lluhcnUihc. with ;i
tine c.iflh-, on the river Tautxr, j in K
M.T>rvnih«'im

If'riiiii, a town of Upprr S;ixony, in
Voii;tlKnJ, on the rivuUt W«icl-«, ;\t iti
I'uiiiiux with the Ellter, g ni k Oi-r.i.

Wtiilen, « town uf the pj|.tiin,itc of
B'lvaria, witli manufa^tiirci of linen,
woollen \i\x9t%, and liilt-pctrc { fcAtt-d on
ihi' Nib. 18 m Nit Amln-rp

f^'tft^/iton, a town in L Yorkdiirc,
with .1 market on VVrdmlilay, and a
canal to the head of tii** llnmhcr. It
in 18 m ti>e York, and 190 n by w
London.

H'eil, or Jf'fiUrJiadt, .x town f)f Sua-
hii (lately imptTial) in the diichy of
Wiitfmburg. fcated on tfic Worm, u
m w Stutgard.

/^>/7, or ll'yl, a town of Swiircrland,
in the territory of the abbot of St. Oal,
on the river Tluir, 19 m ssw Coii-
Aance.

IVeilbur^^t a town of Ocnnariy, in
Wc'tteravi.i, cipitid of the county of
Nairau-Wcilhurj;. The princc'n paUce
it an ancient Arii(flure. It h feated on
the L.din, ever v liich is a bridge, 1: m
8w Wet/.l.ir, and 15 nnw Frankfort.
Lon. 8 zo i:, lat. 50 :/» c.

Wiilft a le.ipori in Dcnmurk, in N
Jutland, fitiiaic on a bay in the Little
Uilt, 35 in 9SW Arhufen, and 38 ne
Uipt-n." Lon. 9 30 t, lat. 55 45 n.

/ elllieim- a town of Bavaria, with a
caltle. on the river Ampcr, a8 m ssw
Munich.

It'ei/fifim, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtembnrg, on the river
Lanter, :o m 8K Stntpard.

lyeimnr, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Thuringia, capital oi the principality of
^)axc-VVeiTr.ar. Inthednke's palace is
one of the mod confiderable libraries in
Germany, with a cabinet of coins and
medals; and it had a gallery of paint-
ings, which, with fomc other parts of
the caltle, was deftroyed by fire in 1774-
It is leated on the llm, 12 m w Ertnrr,
and j6 wsw Naumburg. Lon. ti 27 e,
lat. 51 2 N.

Weingartertt a town of Germany, in
the latp bilhopric of Spire, 9 m s by e
fhilipfburg.
(ffin/icim, a towii of Germany, in

W v. L

the liti- palatinate of the Rhine, on tne
river Wtlchniti. 10 m k llci.lelbcrj{.

ff'tiHjhrr^i^, A town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtembnrg, with a ruined
calll^- on a hill In 17.-7, thr grettrft
put of tin town wan drOroyed by fire.
It It.inds partly on the hill, and partly
in a valley, l.^inoui fur wine, j ui nk
Ueilbron.

ff'fijfhniimtf, » fortref* of W Prufllt,
ftat<*d at the w mouth of the Viilulu, to
defend the h 'rltour of D int/ic.

Iteijfim/,ur.{, a town of Fr*nce, in
the clep.irtireiit «»f Lower Rhine. Be-
tween thii pl.u-r and Latiterburg, are
the fiimoiii Inif^ from which the Frencli
drove the Anftriani in 1744; :wtd in
1793, the Pruirunn drove tlie Frencli
from the Time liiuation. It it featrd on
the l-atitrr. 10 m nw I^andau, and n
NK Stran)urg. Lon. 8 1 1 k, Ut. 4H

If'tiftnlttrift n town of Franconia,
(lately imperial) in the bilhopric of
Aiehlladt ; feated on the Hednith. ^
m N Pappcnheim, and 30 sw Nurem-
butff.

lleiftntiirg, or Ctirljliirgt a city of
Tratiiylvania, cipital of a county of the
fame name, ind a bifliop's fee, with a
univerfity. It is feated on the fide of a
hill, near the river Maros, 41 m wmw

24 0 e, lat. 45

lltrmanlladt. Lon.

IVtij[ffihui\^t a town of SwifTerland, in
the canton of Bern, celebrated for its
minf ral waters. 20 m s Bern.

lFfi£'enfh, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Thuriiijiia. Upon a while rock, above
the town, is a fine eitadel, called Auguf-
tnlburg. It is feated on the Saal, 17 m
sw l.eipzic

U'cijeuhorrtt a town and caftle of
Suabia, in a county of it^ name ; /eatcd
on the Ro'.b, 10 m st Ulm, and 48 w
Angfburg.

fl'eijjhijlr, a town of Upper Saxony,
in 'riuniiii;ia, with a fuperintendcncy
n-id commandciy of the knights of
Malta. The lake formerly in its neigh-
bourhood was drained, and converted
into arable land in 1705. It is 21 m ke
Langenfalza.

lyeijjenjhidt, a town of Franconia, in
the margravate of Bayreiith, fituate ou
the E>:er, 17 m w Culmbach

IVeInu, a town of E Prllfli^, celebrat-
ed for the tri;ity concluded here with
Poland, in 1657, when the ••lector,
Frederic- VVilli.ini, was inverted with the
lovereij:tity of Diic.il Priifli i. If is feat-
ed on tlic Pregi'I. at the influx of the
Alia, 30 m ESb Koniijfbcrg.

•♦!

Willi a mArkrt oit VVrttiirlit.iy, ii m w
Ouiutli'i Niul H< NNw l.onilon.

U'tl.'tinit, « livrr that rirci in North*
•mptoriiiiiri', itut rr|i<<rjitt't thai county
friiin r.»i«'crtcHh"rr, Hiitl.uuldiin-, mil
I.incolnlhirr \ it p.iltc* hy l)t«'pii.K to
IltamiortI, 4iiii U liicncc navi|{4t)lc to tttc
FofTillkc waih, which it intvr* Uriuw
6p.il(liiig.

H'e!lifi>{hnrouj^ht a tow ii in Nifthnnip-
tondiirfi M'ilh a miibrt or Wtciiicrd.iy,
and m.tiiut.idiirt 1 of (ho«i n\u\ l.ua.
tiv.xx it in a chalyl'f.itc (prin^, calli-tl
Kfilwcll A fin- happrnt'il furr in i7.4K,
vrhich cotilunuil nbovc 8oj huuiti It
i« fcitr^d on the likli' of .1 hilt, by the
river Ncn, \i\\\ m Northampton, Aitd
67 N liy w I.I. n. Ion.

lt\l/in,^loH, .1 town in Shropniirc. with
n mnikt't on Thurfday. In the ndgh-
boiitliood air t'oimdcricK, iiun niinrs
and C0.1I woikii It in li.itid iiimt Wrc-
kin hill, 1} in H Shrc\v(buiy, and ijo
Nw I,'^:n(!on.

H'tl/i/'xtofit a town in Soincifctlhin*,
with n market on I'hnrfil.iy. aiul inaniu
fA^lurei of fergcx, drng^iin, nnd caitKcn
ware; fcatfd on the Tone, 15 m nk
Exeter, and 148 w by > I.onduii.

H'ells, Achy in Sonu'ilVtlliire, govern-
od hy .1 mayor, with a market on Wed-
neld.ty and Salur<l.iy, and mamifadhireu
of knit worlh'd floekinisj. U ItaiuU ut
the foot of a hill, and hait it8 natnc from
the wells and fprin^R about it ; and is a
biHiop's <te, jointly with Daih. Tlie
cathedral in a (lately pile ; and the
bilhup'ii palace in like u lmAIc, being
furroundid by walir, and a moat, 'i'hc
number of inh'il>itants was 41.17 in i8oi,
and 51.56 in 181 1- The city is wfll
built and neatly pavrd ; and the ftimtiuT
afli/.*'» are held here alttrniiti-ly with
Dridgewattr. It is 16 tn s iirillol, and
laowLoiidon. Lon. j ."17 w, lat. 51

13 K.

H'f/h, a town in Norfolk, which has
a large cluireh. and a confidetable corn
trade. It hands near the fea, :; m n
by E Swaffham, and 118 nnr London.

//>///, a town of tlic diffriCt of Maine,
in York county, on a bay of iis name,
88 m N by K Doflon. Lon. 70 51 w,
lat. Aj 20 N.

Wells, a town of W Florida, on the
w fide of St. Andrew biy, 60 m w St.
Marco. Lon. !)5 50 w, lat. 30 34 n.

, Wcls, a town of Audria, with a calT^le,
and a great trade in timber ; feated on
the Traun, near a large forelt, 14 m ssw
, Lintz.

iFflJlpool, a corporate town of Walc3|

WEN

\\\i\ th»» liritcft In Monlt{omeryflilr«*,
with A market on MoiuUy. It i» • grcU
mart fur Wdfti cottoni, nannrtt. &e.
whieh «rr fnit cliiclly to Shrcwfbiiry.
lien* let a capacioiu townluU, in whieh
till' a(Ii/r» .»*' hrld. N>'ar ilx' town 4rc
thi* leinaiiii ot l*owi« cillle, A lir);e
ItruCluif, huili oil nil rininrncc The
iiumliir ol iiihabii.int* wa* iai)<)in iHoi,
and (140 in 181 1. It i« leated in h rieh
V4le, netr th<' river Mtvini, v m n
.Moil xomi'iy, 19 Mr Shicwibury, and
176 MW l.indon.

fl'fliv.trn, a town of Bohmtii, in the
cirt*lc of Kakoiiitx, i| in n Pri(tne.

U'flu'i/n, .t villtge in llcrtfordniire, 5
in N ll.itfli'ld Dr. Young w.u.rr^lur
of tins plaer, and hrrr he wrote hit
cclt'lir.iti d Night Th ii^hti.

It'tti-Jitim, a town of Siiabia, capit.ll
ol'a lotdllnp of iiH iiamr, in tin* duchy
ol Wirtrniliiir^ ( I'caird Ull thr Lcin, 19
m I'. *»tiifji:ard.

/f>«i. a town !ti Shmpniir**, with a
market on 'I'huilday, fe.itid on the Ro-
dtn. I) m N Shrcwfbury. and 17a nw
London.

ll'fmtffi^ F.a/hr awii K^tjler, two vlN
lagt'd ot Scotland, in rifclhiro, nrurly
adjoining each tllHT, on the coaft of the
filth of l'\)ith, 4 in NK Kirkaldy. The
lormcr ban the ruin of an old callle, a
m.itiufacMnre of litun, and a coniidera*
ble brcwviy. The latter, which has the
Ik il hirbour. hai a line cahle on a pro*
montory, and a great tiadc in fait and
coal.

H'endlint^iHt a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtenibuig, fituite on the
Neckar, at the inllux of the Lautcr, u
m ssK Siutgard.

tl'cndovtr, a borough in Buckiiigliam-
(hire, wiih a maikri on Tliuiiday, 7 m
.1'. AylcJbiiry, and j.s w by n London.
Il'i-nloci, or Mitch IVtnlockt a borough
in Shroplliire, with a m.ukct nn Mon*
d.iy, 12 m bb Sluevvibury, aijd 148 nw
London.

ll'i-nntTt the lar^eft lake of Sweden,
lying in VV Gothland, to the mw of I lie
hike Wetter. It is 100 m in Itngth, in
fome placcK 40 in breadth, and coutaiiis
feveral illandn. The J'urface «)f the laki;
h about 140 feet higher than that of the
fea. It reci-ives 24 rivers, and its uutl«t
is the rivir Gotlui, at the sw •x-
tP'niify.

IVenncrjlcrg, a town of Sweden, in
W Gothland', with a caaie. It is the
Ihiple for all the iron lent from the pro-
vince of WcrmcLind to Gotheburg, and
li-atrd at the w end of the lake Wenner,
where the Gotha ifluc» from the lake.

. w v. u

ro m NvT Outtu'burK. Loii. la 4I k,
lit <i »o f.

Iltnlworlh, A »in«ff in YiUkftilrc. \
m Mw Ki)th«*rl) itn. Mrrc li Wmtwonli.
houfV, (I iioh*r fiMl built by thr l.iii.*
ni4r(|iiU nf KockinifhAin.

Ihohlfif, ^ honxiiffj In Ilrrffonfftilrt-,
will) .1 tn )rki t on I'lf rtl.iy, mil f itnoiu
for cKcrtli lit ,i!i«. 'III.' ji»i' «if lei ,in
cicni ctdlc U now .1 Ixiwlin.; ^rccn |(
Us m Nw IKrcroMl, aiiii 147 wKw
London.

H'fr'rn, n town <•( IliMnif. fibiirir, in
tlir O <t mnili, at ilif ('itnlluK nt the
Unci with titi' llltif, \ m w Iln'rl'ifrj;.

tytrthurtH, n town of I hi- Nt'h' r-
hndi, ill nrilt.int. it ii)c conlliix tit the
DrmiT with tlic Dylc, 1/ m tat
Mrclilin.

It'trJfH^ .1 town of VVinikl ili.i, (n lh<
county «>)■ M.irk, wiili a lii jiiiiKfly
.1111)17; li.kteil on the Utii-r, u in Ni;
Duircldorf

h'fr.ltnLrff, r» fortiftrd town ut' .Swil"-
Arrlaiid, c.ipit.ti of .t li.iilisvii.-, in thi*
canton of CSIanp, wiili .» c.ilUc on .in
cmintnci'. It ia ("t.itcil ncir llic Hliiiu*,
10 m kUK Appenzri, and 26 tsi'.
GlariM.

lyerJcnffh, a town and cilllc of B,i-
v.iria, whicii x'vc* n ane to a foir.ly on
tlic fnintiirrs of Tyrol. It i« 17 in i»
Wcilhi'im, and u nw Inl'pruc.

ff'rr/fn, a town and fortrrfit of dr.
many, in thi; duchy of 8al/l»ii' ^i, litiiatc
on the SaUi, u in s by k S.i /l)nr>:

lyerl, a town of the due «y of VVi'^-
phalia, with a ralUc, leatctl oir thi'SifiA,
U vn s U.im

If'ennflanJ, a proviii c of iUvcdfn,
the N part of Oothlaiul, tutwccn D ih--
carlia and tin- l.il«c W'cnntr II is 100
m lonjf and 50 broad, .md fi'itilu ; diver-
fified by mount. linn, roclcn, hills, Jiul
dales, clothed with fotells of birch,
poplar, mountain alh, pine, and tir. It
alio abounds with lakes, which fnceefd
each other almoll without intermiilion ;
tome fo narrow a« to appe ir like' broad
rivers, and others of a circular (iiape.
Numerous rivulets (low from thefc
lakes, and form, imetimea. imall pic-
torefqne cat.iradh The chief river Is
the Clara, or Stor juibe, in which is a
^ood falmon-fiflicry. It h is mines of
hlver, lead, copper, and iron, with
forges, foiinderiis, &c. belonging to
them. Carllbdt is the c:ipital.

Wern, a town of Wellphalia, in the
principality of M under, with a monaf-
tery, fcated near the Lippe, 6 m w
Ham.

H^ern'tgerode, a town of Uppci Saxo-
ny, capital of a county of the fame name

w i: s

4l><»tinitln^ in monntun*, (h« ^rlncifMl
•»r which i* the Ureal Rrockcn, or
Ul ickjlx'rg, by ftime di*>m'd the hiuh*
• rt In «ll tfcrnnny. 1).» 4 m'nintnin,
dircJUv above the town, \% ilic CJUlr*
the relldince of the conni!i of .'^tollicriir*
with a v.dnahte IHiriry. The tjilnclpal
b'illiu(» of th»' town eon (III* in lucwlnf ,
diiti'liin;, and wimif K*lur<'* of cloth anj
Ittitfi. It in It m w by • ll.dbcr(\iUt,
and \\ sxt. Wolfenbnttlw' Lon. 10 ',«
K, ht. ^1 5j N.

fltrr^i, a river of O-rmany, whfcli
riUi in the prineipility of C'lltinr^, } m
ahovc r.ifuhetd. mid fliiwi by ItilcU
biir^huifcn, Nl»iiinn,<i n. 8d/nii>ten,
Vu'ti. Tiefurt, VV.inlric.1, Allmdorf,
and Wi't/iMihaufrn ) it thm rnuri the
duchy of Hriiiifwick, paCTi 1 by Mniidrn,
and a little lichnv tint town joini tlu'
riili!a, where the united IbiMin futmi
thf UeliT.

ff'tilh.'im, a town of Franconi.i, nn!«
tal of a county of tin- fani'- name, wliu li
yicldi I'xcelknl wme. The princes and
ciHi"t« of LowenlUiii-Wcitheim havu
bcitti pilac«i hcic. 'I he prince* .ir«?
cathiilics; hut the counts, the magll*
trati"', and mott of tlie inhaliit.intt, ar^
piiiMl intH. It ii fiMtcd It the < onnuic
oftlic Tauber with the Maine, i6 tn w
Witit/burK> Lon. 0 4H r. lat. 4<; 4H n.

/'<v:t'/f (, a town ol the Nctherlandii
in I'laiulen, fcatt d on the Lis, U tn »K
Yprri.

ff'f/cl, a town of W< ftnhalia, in tho
duchy of CItve, with a (ImnK citatltl.
II'Tc arc two churches fur the Calvin-
ids, one for tlie Lutluraii.s, .md mi*^ for
tile pipifti. It was taken by the I'lench
III I7.VV but reltoicd in 1762. In i;!ci%
it was transferred to I'rance. It i'. fe.ited
on tile Khine, at theiiiiltix of tlie Lippe,
15 m IK Clevf, and 50 wsw Munltcr.
Lon. 6 .57 K, lat. 51 38 N.

//>/./, i'/>/>L-rt a town of France, in
the dcp.irtmeiit of Rhine and Mofclle.
litrly of Ccrinnny, in the elciSlorat'.' of
Treves. On an adjacent mountain is
the ruined caAle of Stolbcrg. It is
feated near the Rhine) ao m s Cob-
lentz.

Ifrjenbiirgt a fortified town of nnflla,
in the povernmcnt of I'.fthonin, fcated
on tlie Wifs, 45 m k Revel.

l>'efer, a river of Germany, formtd
by the union of the Werra and l-ulda,
in the duchy of Brunfwick, at Munden.
It flows along the confines of Wcftpha-
lia and Lower Saxony by Corvey, Ila-
meliti, Minden, and Hoye; receives the
Aller, from Vcrden ; pafles by Bremen,
and enters the German ocean at Carif<
burg.

;|

\V K S
WeJ} Point, a fortrefs of New York,
in Orange county, on the w bank of
the Hudfon. It is iituate amid the high
latiils, and fo R'-ong by nature and urt,
thatiti;icallc(. the Gibraltar of America.
It is ao m s Poughkeepfie, and 54 n New
York.

fyfjlbury, a borough in Wiltfliirc,
governed by a mayor, with a market
on Friday, and a manufacture of broad
cloth. On a hill io the k is Bratton
caAie, the remains of a fortification,
where thd Danes held out 24 days
.igainfl the Englifh. It is 26 m nw
Salisbury, and 99 w London.

H'fjlerrj, a ciiy of Sweden, capital of
WeRmania. and a biHiop's feet with a
citadel, and a famous college. It carrien
on a cuMndciable trado, particularly in
copper, brafu, and iron, of which large
quantities are <ent to Stockholm. Here
are the ruins of an ancient royal palace.
The cathedral is celebrated for its tower
and fpire, vl\' emed the highcft in the
kingdom, and for the tomb of the un-
f )rtunateEricxi V. Wefterasisfeatcd on
the N fide of the lake Maeler, 45 m wNw
Stockholm. Lon. 17 o e, lat. 59 38 n.

JVeJlerhurg, a town of Germany, in
Wetteravia, with a callle, aa m sw
Dillenburg, and 43 nw Frankfort-

IVefierhan.., a town in Kent, with a
market on Wednefday, feated on the
Darent (which rifes from nine fprings
neat- this town) ai m sse I.ondon.

(i'ejicrli/, a town of Rhode Idand, in
Wafliington county, which has a good
coafting trade, and extenfive fiflieries.
It (lands at the mouth of the Paukatuc>
5 m B Stonington, in Conncdicut.

J^ejlern J/latidii fee Azores, and
Ilel) rides •

lyfJierivaU; fee JVeiteravia.

f^'ejhrivick, a feaport of Sweden, .*n
Smoland. with a good harbour and
quay, a cloth manufadure, and a trade
in Ihip-timber and all forts of naval
llores. It is feated en the Baltic, 56 m
N Calmai, and 1 20 s w Stockholm. Lon.
16 « E, lat. 57 40 N.

Wefijield, a t.'Vvii of Maflachufets, in
Hampshire county, on a river of its
name, 10 m w Springfield.

tVefthofin, a town of France, in the
department of Mont Tonnerre, lately
of Germany, in ihe palatinate of tho
Rhme. It has three c'aurchee, and is 7
m NW Worms.

IVefihofen, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Rhine, i a m w
Strafturg.

Wejlmania, a province of Sweden, in
the dlvlfion Of Sweden Proper, between
Upland, Sudermania, Nericla, Werme-

WES •

land, and ^.ilecarlia. It Is 75 m fonji
and 45 broad, and abounds in coppiir
and iron mines. Thf fice of the country
is diverfified like VVtrmeland. Wifteraj
is the capital.

Jf'rjlminjler, a ciiy in MiddltCex, the
rcfidencc of tht- monarch, the feat of the
parliament and of the high conns of
julticr, and conflltnting, with London
and Southwark, the metropolis of the
Britilh empire. On the dilTolution of
its abbey, in 1541. Henry viii ereftcd
it into a bifhopric, appointing the wlioU;
of Middleltx (Fulham excepted) for the
dioccfe. It had, however, only one
prelate, for Edward vi, foon after, dif-
ibived it ; and ihe abbey is now only a
collegiate church. Weftminftcr.throiigli
courtefy, flill bears the title of a cityj
and it fends two members to parliament,
which are chofen by the houfehoiders,
there being no freemen nor incorporat-
ed companies. In the city are two
parifli churches, St. Margaret and St.
John ; and leven in the liberties, namely
St. Clement, St. Mary, St. Paul, St.
Martin, St. Ann, St. James, and St.
George. The precindl of St. Martin-
le-grand, though within the city of
London, is under the jurifdidlion of
Weftminfter. The number of inhabit-
ants was 153, a7» in i«oi, and 162,085
in 18 II. See London.

Wtjlminjler, a town of Vermont, in
Windham county, on Conncdicut river,
oppofite Walpole, in New Hampfhirc,
and 40 m NE Bennington.
• lyfjimorland, a county of England,
bounded on the n and nw by Cumber-
land, E and BE by Yorkihire, and s ami
svv by Lancaflilre. It is 4a m long and
3} broad, containing 462,080 acres; is
divided into four wards, and 3 2 parifties;
has eight market towns ; and fends four
members to parliament. The number
of inhabitants was 41,617 in 1801, and
45i922 in 181 1. It is a region of lofty
mountains, naked hills, dreary forefls,
and barren moui s ; but is watered by
numerous rivers and feveral lakes. The
foil of courle is various ; that on the
mountains being very barren, while that
in the vallies is fertile, producing good
corn and grafs, efpecially in the mea-
dows near the rivers. In the hilly parts
on the w borders are fome mines of
copper, but the ore iies very deep.
'J'his county yields abundance of lime-
ftone and the fineft blue (late; and many
excellent hams are cured here. The
manufaftures are coarfe woollen cloth,
worfted ftockings, flannels, tanned lea-
ther, and gunpowder. The principal
rivers are the Eden, Lunc, and Ken ;

\V E 1'

and the chief lake in Windermere, the
l.irprit ill lingland. Appleby is the
co'Ji'ty-towii.

kK/l/>h(i!iii, one of the circles of Gcr-
manyi bonndcd on the n by Lower
Saxony, » by llt'lfe, Wt^tteravia, and
Treves, w by the N«'therlands and Hol-
l.ind,and n by the German ocean. The
foil pi-()«l(iros paftiire and fomc corn,
though thtri' arc a great many marOies.
The horfcs are large, and the hogs in
higlieiteem,cfpi.'cially the han>8, knov/n
by the name of VVi.'llph.iIin hams. The
principal rivers are the Wcfer, Ems,
Lipp'", and Roer. It contained the bi-
ihoprici of Munftrr, I.it„e, P,iderbr)rn,
and OliKibnre ; the principalities of
Emdcn or E Fiicfiand, Mciirs, Minden,
and Verden ; the duchies of Weftpha-
li.i, Berg, Jnhers, Clcve, Oldenburg,
and part of the territories of the princes
ofNalfan; the coi:riili -, of Mark, Ra-
venfberg, Stiir.fe.ct, Tecklenberg, Lin-
gen, Bentheim, Diepholt, Hoya, Schau-
cnburg, Spixetbuig, I-ippr, Kitberg,
and other imaller one« ; and feveral
lordfhips .'tnd abbies. But in 1800, the
p.irt of this circle lying on the left bank
of the Rhine, being fu" "in. tiiird of the
whole territory, vvas ui, .,' to Fr.iice.
Jkliinftcr iRthe capital.

W'jiphalia, a duchy ot Germany, in
».lie cn-cle of Weftphalia, 40 m long and
a5 broad; bounded on ihe n by tue
principalities of Munlter and Of'i,<burg,
and the county of Lippe, w by that of
Mark, 9 by the territories of NafTiu,
and E by the counties of Witgenlleiu,
Hartzfeld, Waldeck, and the iandgra-
Titc of HeflV. It is mountainous and
/jll of wood, but moderately fertile.
It belonged to the eledor of Cologne,
but is now fiuje^ft' to the prince of
Hefle-Darmftadi. Arenfberg is the
capital.

fVeJiportt a town of Ireland, in the
county of Mayo, at the mouth of a
fmall river, which enters Clew bay, 8
in w Caftlebar.

Wejiroy one of the Orkney iflands,
9 m long and 3 where broadeft, lying g
niNNE of Pomona. It has a trade in
kelp, and a good harbour for fmall vefr
fels on the nw fide. '-.on. 3 52 w, lat.
69 8 N.

tVetherby, a town in W Yorkftiire,
with a market on Thurfday, featf d on
the Wharf, 15 m w by s York, and 191
N by w London.

fVette, a lake of Sweden, in Goth-
land, lying SE of the lake Wtnner. It
is 80 m in length, and in feme places
14 in breadth. Its iurface is 140 feet
kigber tbao that of the Wenner ; and it

WEX

contains a few iflands, one of Virhich,
called Wilingfo, is 10 m in length, and
hab a magnificent caflie. Above forty
fmall ftreams enter i\\\<\ lake, and its
outlet is th<; liver Motala, which Hows
B into the Baltic.

fi fttfravia, or Jf^etcraw, an cxten-
five province of G-rmany, lying be-
tween the territories of Treves ;ind
Mentz on the s, and the duchies of
Berg and Weftphalia, the latidgravatc
of Heflb, and the bilhopric of Fulda on
the N ; having tlie Rhine to the w, ynd
the Fulder to the e. It is divided into
two parts by the river Lahn : the fouih-
ern part, or Wctteravi.i Proper, belongs
to the circle of Upper Rhine; and the
northern, or VVellerwald, belongs to
the circle of Weftplvilia. It contains
leveral fmall counties.

f^Kttin, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Magdeburg, with a caltle
on a mountain ; feated on the Saaf,
over which is a ferry, 9 m nnw Halle.

IVettirifren, a town of Swiirerland, in
the county of Haden, celebrated for its
wooden bridge 140 feet long, of a fingle
arch, over the river Limmat. It is one
mile .'' Haden

fVetz/ar, a town of Germany, In
Wettervia, capital of a county of die
fame name. It was lately an imperial
town, and is furrounded bv ditches and
walls flanked with towers. Near it (tand*
the caftle of Carlfmund, or Kulfchmiit.
In 1693, the imperial chamber was
transferred hither from Spire, on ac-
count of the wars which ravaged the
palatinate. It is feated at the conflux
of the Lahn, Difle, and Dillen, 30 m n
Frankfort. Lon. 8 37 k, lat- 50 33 n,

IVevelJlurg, a town and citadel of
Weftphalia, in the principality of Pa-
derborn, 9ms Paderborn.

tyexjord, a county of Ireland, In the
province of Munfter, 38 m long and 24
broad ; bounded on the n by Wick-
low, E bv St. George ch^innel, s by the
Atlantic ocean, w by Waterfurd and
Kilkenny, and nw by Catlicilough. It
contains 109 parilhes, fends four mem-
bers to parliament, and is fertile in corn
and grafs. The principal rivers are the
Barrow and Slaney.

Wexford, a borough of Ireland, capi-
tal of the county of the fame name. It
has a fpacious harbour at the mouth of
the Slaney, defended by two forts, but
the water is not deep enough for largt
vclTils to go up to the town. Over the
rive; is a wooden bridge 1560 feet is
len^'th. Much woollen cloth is manu*-
fajtured here and in the neighbourhood.
The inhabitants arc eflimated at 9030 •,

I1
•1*

1?

w i

I'll '1

WHE

and it fontl« a nicmbf-r to parliament-
It is 76 m 8 Dublin. Lon. 6 t6 w, lat.
5J 18 N.

JJ'exlo, a town of SwtvU'ti, iii Smo-
land, and ihf capi'al of a diftrii't. It la
fituate on the lake Iloliri, wliich con-
tainii a group of woody ifliisd'^, 54
jn wvw Calmar Lon. 14 57 v, laf,
j6 .<; r .V .

J^*-//, a river that riles in nampfliirp,
Howa thiough Siurv by Godalmini; and
Guilford, and cmuts tho 'I'haincs, at
Wfyltridgc.

H'fyhrids^e. a village in Surry, feated
on ihi Wty, near its tntiancc into the
Tlianu's 2 m K Chcitfty. Hero ia
Woiiii' II Ffirin, the plantations of which
were till firO i'ppcin\i'n8 in lingland of
the ortiann-ntcd farm.

JVeyhill, a vill ige in Hampflure, 3 m
W Atidovcr. famous for an annual fair,
lafliiip 10 dtys, for all kinds of cattle,
leather, hops.chccfc, and pedlary.

JVi-ymrs, a town of Scotland, in Fife
fliire, with a harbour, whence much
coal and fait arc t'Mported It ftands on
ll.e frith of Forth, 4 m ne Kirkaldy,
and ij f by w ^Hpar

If^h/mo'itft, a ft-aport and borough in
Borfetlliire, with a market on Tuefday
and Friday Ii ftamls on a bay of its
name, in the Englilh chau' el, and on
the s Pk'c of the mouth of the Wey,
which r p irates it from the borough of
IJelcotnh Regis. The two boroughs are
wniied as one corporation, governed by
a mayor, and the comminiication be-
tween them is by means of a bridge.
The harbour is injured by fand, that its
trade i3 much reduced ; but this is com-
penfated by the great refort of perfons
for the purpofe of lea-batbiiig ; and the
royal family have often honoured it
with their refidence- A few plain and
flriped cottons are made here ; and it
has a handibme battery, a royal aflem-
bly room, and an elegant theatre. In
the church is a fine altar-piect% executed
and prefented by fir James Thornhill,
who was born at Melcomb Regis. Near
.it, at the village of Nottington, is a
famous fidphureousfpring. VVeymouth
is 9 m s Dorchefter, and 128 wsw Lon-
don. Ion. 234 w, lat. 50 40 N.

Weymouth, a town of M.^fiachufets,
in Norfolk county, on the s fide of Bol-
ton harbour. 14 m se Bofton.

jyiialley, a village in Lancalhire, 4 m
s Clithero ; noted for the ruins of its
abbey, formerly of great note, on the
bank of the Calder.

Wheelingyti town of Virginia, in Ohio
county, which participates with Pittf-
buig in the trade to the weftcrn coun<

W WI

tiy. It is fituate at the mouth of;:
cr"ek on Ohio rivor, 4 j m sw l^ittibiir;?",

ff'/iernJiJe. the hik'in'll: mountain ii;
Yorkliiire, fituate amid other moun-
taitiB, 12 m NNw Si'tth". lis fnnrrtnitin
aiK4 feet above the level of the fca-
and nrar the top are four or five tariis|
or Imall lakes. Its e.\tenfive bale con-
tains feveral (pacious caverns, ofwlicji
the piincipal are the Yordas, Gatekirk,
and Greenfide caves.

fyhtdaft, a country of Guinea, c\'.
tending about 10 m along the Slave
cold, and ra m inland. Europeans
who have been in this country extol
it as the molt beautiful in the world;
and that fpring and autumn reign in
alternrte (ucceflTion The country is
lb populous, that a fingle village con-
tains as many inhabitants as forne entire
kingdoms on the coalt of Guinea. The
people, in their manners, have bti'n
compared to the Chinefe ; having the
fame pei-frvering induftry, ceremonious
civility, jealous affedtion for their wo.
men, and thievilb inclinations in trade.
Bows, arrows, aflagays, and clubs, are
the principal weapons of the Whida-
nele. They have no diltineTion of
hours, diys, weeks, or ftated periods;
and yet, without pen, ink, or the alTiil-
ance of artificial .""thmetic, they calcu-
late any thing with great accuracy.
They are faid to have a faint idea of a
Supreme Being, to whom they attribute
omnipotence, and confider him as the
Creator of the nnivcrfe. He is, they
lay, too higlily exalted to hav(!aiiy con-
cern about his creatures; and the go-
vernment of the world be leaves to the
fetiches, to" whom, therefore, they ap-
ply as the mediators between God and
them. Thefe fetiches are divided into
three clalfi's; fiifLes, tall trees, and the
fea ; and I'ometimes they add a fourth,
namely, the chief river of the kingdom,
the Euphrates. The deified'liiakes are
about a yard long, amazingly tame and
familiar; and no infult or injury can be
offered to them by a native, under pain
of death. Heix- are oxen^ cows, goats,
Iheep, hogs, turkies, ducks, and hens ;
alfo elephants, bufl^alos, tigers, feveral
kinds of deer, and a fort of hares. The
fruits are citrons, lemons, orr.ngcs, ba-
nanas, tamattnds, &c. and there are yalt
numbers of palm-trees, from which
much wine is made. The trade conlifti
of flaves, elephants teeth, wax, and hO'
ney ; and the chief manufafluies arc
cloths, umbrellas, bafkets, pitchers for
pito or beer, plates and difiios of wood:
gourds finely ornamented, white iind
blue paper, &c. In in7t the king «t

/I

it the month of^
4,5 m sw I'ittfbur;^
whi-lt mountain ii;
mid other mouni
tl«'. Jis (iimmit ii

Icvtl of the fca;

four or five tarns,'
xtenfivo bn(i; con'
cavenifi, of whid,
Yord:i3, Gatcldrk,

ry of Guinea, e\'.

along the Slave

land. Europeans

this country extol

■fill in the world;

autumn reign in

The country is
fingle village con-
ants as fome entire
(I of Guinea. The
mners, have bu-n
inefe ; having tht
uftry, ceremonious
tion for their wo.
clinations in trade,
lys, and clubs, are
118 of the Whida-
no dillinflion of
or ftated periods;
I, ink, or the aflill-
imetic, they calcu-

great accuracy,
e a faint idea of a
■horn they ;ittribiite
mlidcr him as the
crfe. He is, they
d to have any con-
ures ; and the go-
ld he leaves to the
therefore, theyap.
between God iind
s are divided into
tall trees, and the
they add a fourth,
t'r of the kingdom,
! deified'Tnakesare
nazingly tame and
It or injury can be
native, under pain
3xen. cow!s, goats,
ducks, and hens ;
los, tigers, feveral
brt of hares. The
ions, or.'inges, ba-
and there are vail
ees, from which
The trade coniiftj
eth, wax, and ho-
manufactures arc
Icets, pitchers for
id dilhos of wood:
ented, white and
i7»7, the kirg«i:

WH I

Dahomy reduced this country to the
llatc of 3 dependent province. Xavier,
or Sabi, is the capital.

H'hithy, a feaport in N Yorklhire,
with a markel on Saturday. It has a
confiderabie manufidure of canvas, and
a great trafllc in the building of Ihip:;,
and in the carrying bufintfs. In the
neighbourhood are fome large alum
work.s. Its harliour is the be.t on this
coaft, and h is a line pier ; but it has no
river communication with the inland
country. Several (hips are lent hence
to the Greenland filliery. In 17H7, a
ftrong new built quay, running parallel
to a high clilf, fell into the Cea, followed
by large rpanV-s of the chft'. The re-
mains of an abbey church flood ' n this
clilf; and (incctlie above accident feve-
ral parts have fallen to ihe ground.
Whitby IS the birthplace ofJanusCook,
the great circumnavigator The num-
ber of inhabitant!! was 748,^ in i^or,
and 6969 in 181 1. It la leated on the
German 0(;'Mn,at the mouth of the Elk,
48 m NNE York, and ;4.] n London.
Lon. 030 w, lat. 5.j 30 n.

i'yhitchurch, a borough in HampQiire,
with a market on Friday, and a manu-
fadlure ot fhaloons and ferges. It is
fcated on the Teft, near its fource, iz
m NVVincheUer,and 56 w by s London.

JVliitcliurch, a town in Shropfhire,
with a market on Friday, 20 m n
IShrewfbury, and 160 nw London.

lyhite Mountains, the higheft part of
a ridge of mountains, in the ftate of
New Hampfliire, extending from nk lo
Sw. Their height above ah adjacent
mead(nv is 5500 feet ; and the meadow
is 3500 feet above the level of the lea.
They are covered with fnow and ice
nine months in the ye.\r; and during
that time exhibit the bright appear-
ance from which they are 'enominated
the While Mountains. Although 70 m
inland, they are leeu many leagues oiT
at fea, and appear like a bright cloud
in the horizon. Their higheft fummit is
in lat. 44 N.

f^hite Sea, a large bay of the Frozen
ocean, out he coaft of Ruflia.onthcK fule
of which ftands the city of Archangel.

JVl'.iteha'ven,n leaportin Cumberland,
with a market on Tuefday. It is ieat-
ed on a creek of the Irifh lea, on the n
end of a great bill, wafhed by the tide
on the w lide, where there is a large
whitilli rock, and a ftrong ftone wall
that lecures the harbour. Near it are
many coal mines, fome of which run a
confiderabie way under t'le fea, and are
the great fource of its wealth ; but its
trade is now extended to foreign parts.

\Y I n

A packet-boat (ails hence werkly fo
Dotigla'i, in the ille of Man. lieit* aie
lix yaida for Ihip-buildirg, an » xtenliv*;
canvas manuiaenure, thr ■e large rope-
rie,", and li-veral copperas works. Thf;
town is defended by batteiies, ar;d ba»
three neat churches. The nun-'ber
of iiiluthitants was 874: in i8ct, and
10, 106 in iHii. It is 37 m Hw Carli.He,
and 294 NNW London. Lon. 3 35 W,
lat. ?4 25 V.

If /litr/inl/', fee Skcnefl'ormij^ti.

ir/iitt/iorn, a borougli of Scotland, in
Wigtoiilhite, near the bay of Wigton.
It is a phce of great antiquity, having
been a Koman ft.ition, and the fnft
bilhopric in Scotland. Here are levcral
cotton niaiiufaihites, a confiderabie tan-
nery, and c]'Kinies 01' line variegated
maihle. It is n m s Wi;.'ton.

If}iit,f'j<i'.n, A town of New York,
in il. riseirer county, on the s lide of
the Mohawk, hetwcen Old and New
Fort >chuyier, 30 m wnw ('anajohary,

H li'itjlable, a village on the coalt of
Kent, 7 m nnw Canterbury. It is afmall
port, whence Canterbury is liipplipd
w ith coal, and has feveral trading vcfi"el3
to London.

Whitfiintide IJlatul, one of the New
Hebrides, in the P.icific ocean. It is 30
ni long and 8 brond, and was difoovered
by captain Wallis, on Whillunday, 1767.
Lon. 168 20 K, lat. 15 44 s.

U'liittingtoH, a village in Derbylbiip,
3 m N Chederfield. It is famous for a
thatehed cottapc, in the upper ftory of
which the glorious revolution of i68a
was planned ; and on Nov. 4. 17^8,
the hundredth ainiiverfary of that a;;(pi-
cious day v\'as celebr.ated here, by the
deleendants of the illuftrious leaders,
and a numerous gentry.

n hitlli'hury I'orej}, a forelt in the ri
part (^f Nm-thamptonfliire, 9 m long
and 3, broad. Jn 1685, thetirlt duke
of Grafton was appointed hereditary
ranger of this foreft, in which is a linrt
feat, railed Wakefield Lodge.

ff'Mincren, a town of Suabia, with a
Renedie'titie abbey, I'ealed near the con-
flux of the Her with the Danube, 3 "\
.ssvv Ulm.

IVilniri^, or Vihorg, a government of
Ruffia, formerly Rulliau Finland, and
comprifed in Kexholm and Carelia- Ic
was ceded by the Swedes to the Ruf-
fians, partly by the peace of Nyftadt m
1721, and partly by the treaty of Abo
ill 1743. Bcfide paRure, the country
produces rye, o.nts, and bailey, but not
fufficient for the inhabitants, in the
governoi-'s court, bufineis v^ lvanla.«pd
in the Swedilli, German, and ttufiiau
: E

* d>

;!i

Mi,

Hi'

'M^

W I C WIG

toiigurs. Lulherariifm is the rltabfilhcd It'itkloi'j, i borough '>f Irolarul, c».
religion; but Greek worlliip has been pital ot the county of the lam 'wmn.

introduced by the KulIianH

ly'iburjj, a fortified ft-aport of RiiflTi;!,
capital of a govemineiit of the fame
namC) and a bWhup's fie with a ftroiig
citadel. The hr'UifK are almoll entirely
bui!; of ll(> if. '»'lw.' chief exports are
'i-'anksj, t^llov, pitch, and tar. In 1793*
kt was almoll drftroyed by (ire. 'l"he
fnrrounding country is pleafant ; and

It is fcated on the Irdi lea . ith v
narrow harbour, at the month of Mie
river Leitrini, 28 ni sst l^uLlin- ',^11,
6 12 w, lat. 52 58 N.

ff'iikivar, a town in (Honc.'llerlli'
Boverncd by a mayor, with .i nnavKei n\
iVIontlay, 1; m ne ImKIoI, and n w
London.

U iiltUn, a fortified town of European

near it, at Imatra, is the famous catarad Turkiy, in Buijjaria, and an archbiihop's

of the Woxa, which makes a noile
more ftu'uiing than that of the Rliine
at Lautfi-n VVibur^r Itands on the n k
point of the gulf of Finland, 110 m
KNW Peierlbnrg. Lon. 29 10 e, lat.

60 56 N.

lee. It has often been taken and retaken
by the AuUrians and Turks. It \i feated
on the Danube, 100 in n by w Soffi,
and 140 tsK Belgraile. Lon. 24 27 t,
hit. 44 12 K.

Wied, a cfiinty of WeQphalia, at the

IVibuiir, a city of Denmark, in N conflux of tlie rivers Wied and Rhine.

Jutland, capital of a dioceleof tl.e lame It is compofed of two parts, the iippir

name, ct. id the li;at of the chief Court county, or Wied-Runkel, and tiie lowti

of juftict; in the province. In 17:6, a county, or VVi(>cl.Ncuwied, each go-

fire burnt the cathedral, a church, the verned by its own count; and the

townhoule, and the bifliop'a palace; former, in 1791, was railed 10 the rank

but they have all been magnificently of a prince of the empire. 'I'hi.' capitals

rebuilt. It i,; feated on a lake, in a are Dierdorf and Nenwicd.

peniiifula, 95 m N Slefwick. Lon. i> 50
t, lat. 56 20 N.

li'ick, a borough of Scotland, and
the capital of Caithnelii, with a har-
bour on an inlet of the German ocean,
nt the mouth of a river of the lame
name. Much kelp is made here, but
the fiflieries are the chief objedU of im-
portance. The li'mber of inhabitants
was 3986 in 1801, and 5080 in 181 1. It
is 55 m Nii Dornoch. Lon. 251 w, lat.
58 21 N.

Hick, a fortified town of the Nether-
laiidt, in the duchy of Limburg, leatid
on tlie Meufe, oppolite Maclhiclit, with
which it commnnic:; ;es by a bridge.

IVick Duerjhde ; 1 '•■ Duti;h'Je,

fVickerad, a town of Irancv*, in the
department of Roer, h'.ely of Germany,
ill the duchy of J ulierb, with two caftles,
J 2 m N Juliers.

U'ickford, a town of Rhode Iflaiid,

//7<y/, a town of Wellphalia, in the
lower country of Wied,witli an auciunt
decayed caftle on a mountain, 9 ra
N.N'w ( oblentz.

Uleltin, a town of Poland, ni iht pa-
latinate of Siradia, with a good altlu,
16 m s Siradia

H'iflitjka, a village of Poli'id, in the
palatinate of Cracow, celcbi ated for its
la!t mines, 8 m ^v- Cracow. In theie
mines are feveral fmall chapth, exca-
vated in tin; lalt ; and mull of the inha-
bitants refidecliieily in t!ie mines.

IVaJenJlei!^, a town of Siubia, capital
of a lordlbip, with a caJUe ; feated on
tl e 'iver Fils, in a valley enclofed by
n ' ' .ins, 16 m wnw Ulm, and 25
ijo' •• tgird.

hViJcnthal, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, with manufaiituies of iron,
ftecl, and fire-arms, an.! a confiderable
trade in leath<T. It Hands on a rivultt

i 1 Waihington county, on the w fide of of the fame name, on the frontiers of
Niirriganfet hay, oppofite the n end of Bohemia, 15 m n by k Carifbad.

Canonicut iiland, 10 m aw Newport,
and 20 s Providence.

IVickloiu. a county of Ireland, in the
province of Leiidter, ,^,} m long and
20 broad ; bounded on the n by Dub-
lin, V. by the Irifli lea, s by Wexford,

fVigcw, a borough in Lancafhire, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market on
Monday and Friday. It has a manu*
fatiilure of llrong checks, and other ar-
ticles o' linen and cotton. Braziery
has long bten a Itaple article ; and there

w by Catherlough and Kildare, and is a large pottery of fine ware. The
i<w by Kild-Te. It is divided into 58 ' .-■..•.. ... :..

pariflies, ti^s about 58,000 inhabitants,
and fends two members to parliament.
It is '"vy mountainous and v jody, in-
terfnerf d with rocks and bogs ; but the

number of inhabitants was io,9J!9 ni
1801, and 14,060 in 1811. In the
neighbourhood arc vt ry extenfive iron-
works ; a mineral fpviiig, ofa fomewhat
fimilar natuve with that ot ILirrowgate;

valley re fcrtil", well cultivated, and and plenty of that fpeci»;» of coal, called
wattit.d ly fmali ilverf'. , Cannel,^ of which fnufi'boxta and a

^'•I'lol, and

Win

V.lrioiy of toys arc inid-. In 1^15.-^, ,1
battle •":■■'. fought hi-rc hetwrcn ;' '■•
forces r'' '"lir»rK*« i and tfioli? of thu
p;irli,inn • ' 'i w''ich the latter were vic-
tor; ...' ; trie earl of Derby, who com-
itiandt'd tlicforiin'r, was taken prifoner,
and afterward bclicaded. Wi;;:in 'm ll-at-
cd <»i> the rivi'r Don^'ias, which h made
navijjablc to tlic Uibblf, and joins to a
canal from Liverpool. It is .9 m n Lan-
caftf, and 196 N Nw London. Lon. 2
50 vv, lat. 5.1 .■?4 N.

Ulght, an iflaiid in the Enjjiifh chan-
nel, on the coaft <if Hamplliir<\ to
which comity it belonj^H. The ftrait
tbiit feparates it from the; mainland is
of iincqnal breadth, being about a mile
over toward the weilern, and 7 m at the
ealkrn extremity. 'i"hc form of the
illand is fomewhat like a lo/cngc, with
its angles toward the four cardin il
points It is 21 m from k to w, and i ^
from N to s ; and is divided into two
parts by the river Medina or Cowch,
which rifes in the fouihern angle, and
enters the fea at the northern, at the
town of Cowes, oppofitc the mouth of
Southampton bay. The sk coaft is
edited with very Iteep cliffs of chalk and
fretftone, hollowed into caverns in vari-
ous parts; and vaft fragments of rocks
are fcattered along the (hore. The sw
lule is fenced with lofty ridges of rocks,
and the w extremity of them is called
the Needles, from the flcnder form and
ereit pofition of two of them, one of
which lately fell into the fea. Between
the illand and the mainland are various
fandbanks, efpecially off the eaftern
part, where is the fafe road of St. He-
lens. Acrofs the illand, from v, to w,
runs a ridge of fine downs, which feed
a great number of fine fleeced flieep ;
rabbits and poultry are alfo very plen-
tiful, and vipers are caught in large
numbers for medicinal purpofes. To
the N of this ridge the land is chiefly
pafture ; to the s of it is a rich arable
country, producing great crops of corn.
The variety of profpefts which this
ifland affords, its mild air, and the neat
manner in which the fields are laid out,
renders it a very delightful fpot. It is
devoted almoll folely to hufbandry, and
is one of the principal refources of the
London market for barley. Among its
products are a pure white pipe clay,
and a fine white chryftaline fand ; of the
latter great quantities are exported for
the ufe of the glafs-works in various
parts. In »" i * t)'>: number of inhabit-
ants was '.■4,7 ;u- "^i' ii^ principal town
J» the boc igh <>^ 'S'twport j and it

w I r.

'ikewlfe cont.dns the boroughs of N>\r.
'on and Yarmouth.

ff igton, a fown in Cumberland, with
a markf't on Tncfday, and m inufacftm cs
of coirfe linen and cotton , feat d
among the moor.s, u n sw Carliilc,
and '^-t NNw London.

tt'i-iton, a borough a'ld feaport of
Sc'jtl.oid, capital of VVij,'t<»n(hirp. Cn
the s fule, near the mouth of the niade-
noch, are the velH^res of an anciei t
calHo ; and to ilie nk is a treat nior;if',
c died the Mt)rs of Cree. Here arc ma-
nufav.Hurts oF wo')lKii and cotton, tie
f'>rmer chidly of pl.iids and flaiinvi.
I'he numbir of inhabitants was 1475
in 1 Ho I, and rriiin iHii. It i» fituate
on a hill, which overlooks the bay of
VVigton, Qo m sw Edinbiirgn. Low. 4
.'.3 w, lat. 54 57 N,

ff'((!;tc>i/iin'. or U'rjf Cnilloivofj, i
county of Scotland, biunded on the s
l)y Ayrdiirc, nk by Kircndbright(hiie,
.and on all other fides by the IriHi fea.
Tlie grtatefl: extent iti any dire(ftion
does not exceed ,^o m, and it-, figure is
very irregular. It is divided into 17
parifltjs, and fend;i a member to parlia-
ment. The number of inhabitants was
2i.yi8 in 1801, and 26,891 in i),t.
The bays of Luce and ilyan extend in-
land, forming by their approximation ;i
pcninfula, called the Khyns of OiUo-
vvay. The principal rivers are the Luce,
CVec, and Biadtnoch. The coaft i«
tolerably fertile; but the interior an<l
northern parts are mountainous, fit only
for the pafturage of llitep and beeves.

Ifi/iKis, a frontier town of I'airopeaa
Turkey, in Bofnia, feated on a lake
forined by the river Unna, 40 m st:
Carlftadt, and 220 w Belgrade. Lon.
16 10 F, lat. 45 34. N.

If il/l/jad, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtembnrg, with a celebrat-
ed wann bath, feated on theEnz, 24 in
w Stutgard.

If'i/illier^, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemburg, fituate on the
Nagold, 19 m sw Stutgard.

Wihlherg, a town of Brandenburg, in
the Middle mark, 28 m n Brandenburg.
IVildi'JhauJeti, a town of Wrftphalia,
capital of a fmall bailiwic. lying s of
the duchy of Oldenburg, and belonging
to the duchy of Brunfwick. It is Hated
on theHunte, 20 m sw Bremen. Lon.
8 27 E, lat. 52 53 N.

JVihlungen, a town of Germany, in
the county of Waldeck, with a caftle.
Near it are mineral fprings, md mines
of copper, iron, and lead. li is 14 tc\
SSE Corbach.

3E2

^1,

tr:

H

V i

^filhflmflein, a fortrtia of VVtftpIia-
\\i, ill ihe county of SciiaiitnburK, on
.u) iflind form<fd of Itoncsi funk tor the
purpofe, in Steinhiider mere. It u.ih
rrrtftcd in 17^5 by William count of
Schaiienburg.J.ippt', fiT the improve-
mrnt of his nrw inventions in the art of
w.ir. It (Inndii m-ar the town of Stcin-
hudc, 18 m wNW Hanover.

ly'iUcj, a town of N Carolina, chief
of the county (!'" its name. It is featcd
oil the Yadkin, near its (burce, 40 m
NNE Morgantown. Lon. 81 38 w, lat.
36 4 N.

in/ie/ljrre, a town of Pennfylvani.i,
chief ot Luzerne county. It Hands on
the t brancli of the Sufquehana, iiH
m Nw Philadclphi.-x. Lon. 76 \z w,
lat. 41 13 N-

fl'i/komierj, a town of Lithuania, in
the paialiiiatc of Wilna, fentcd on the
Swoita, 48 m nnw Wilna.

ff'il/iam, Fort ; fee Calcutta-

IVilliam, Fort, a fort of Scotland, in
the county of Invernefs, lituate on a
plain, at the extremity oi LocIj Liiinhe,
where that arm of the lea bends to the
w, and forms Loch Eil It is uf a tri-
angular (igiirc, and adjoining it on the
sw is the village ol' Mary burg. Here is
a confiderable co.iHing trade, which
will be iiicre.ift d on thf completion of
the ('aledoniaii cinal that commences
near the fort It is 64 m .sw Invernels,
and 117 NW r.diiiburg. Lon- 5 6 w,
lat. 56 50 N.

IVilliam Henri/, nr Sorely a town of
Lower Canada, tituate at the onllux of
the Sorel with the St. Lawrence. It
lias a proteftani and a Uomuii caMiolic
church ; and is a K4^;at channel of inter-
coiirfe with the United Spates. It is 40
in NE Montreal, and i :o ' v. (^ui-bec.
Lon. 73 aa w, lat. 4(( 55 n.

lyUUafuJhorouc^li, a town of N Caro-
lina, chief of Granville county, with a
flourirtiing academy. It has a brifk
trade with the bach. country, and Hands
on a creek tbn^ flowc into the Roanoke,
50 m WNW IT 'lifax.

iVitliampL'T/i, a tcwn of New York,
iu Ontario county, <.n tJu & fide of l!ie
Geneflee, 30 ni sw Ca-. indaqua.

JVmiamJbur^i, a town rf Virginia,
formerly the capital of that iLate. It is
fituate between twocreekc; one flow-
ing into James, and tlr other into York
river; and '.he diftance >f each landing-
place is about a mile from the town.
The col ;'ge of William and Mary is
fixed here ; but fince the removal of the
feat of government, this and other pub-
lic buildings are much decayed. It is

W I L

C) ) m BaH Richmond. Lon. 77 3 w, lat.

J7 10 N.

IliUhwiiport, a town of MarylaiK?,
in Wadiiiigton county, feated on the
Potomac, at the month of Cone^u-
clicaque creek, 6 m sw I'llifabethtowii,
and 7j nnw WallunRton.

H'tlliamjliult, a ftrong feaport of
Dutch Brabant, built by William 1,
prince of Orange, in 1585. It is om
of the keys of Holland, is well biiilc,
and has a good harbour. This place
made a gallant defence, in 1793, against
the French, who were obliged to r.iilr
the fiegc ; but it furrendercd to them
in 1795. It flands on that part of tl.t
Meule called Huttirfliet, 15 m wsv,
lireda. Lon. 4 30 i;, lat. 51 .19 n.

Ifilliam/lon, a town of Alanachnfit^
in Hcrkdiire county, with a flourilhin.;
fcminary called Williams Colleu,e, in
honour of its liberal founder. It is iH
m N Lenox, and 150 wnw Bofton.

Jni/iam/Iofty a town of N Carolina,
chief of Martin county. It is litnatc on
♦he Roanoke, 24 m w Plymouth, and 55
SK Halifax.

fn//ij Ijlf, a rocky ifland at the n
end of the ifland of Southern Georgiii.
It was dilcovertd in 1775, and contain-
ed the nelts of many thouland (haps.
Lon. 38 30 w, lat. 54 o s.

milifau, a town and bailiwic of Swi!'-
ferland, in the canton of Lucern, fcatei'.
amoni, mountains on the river Wiper,
lO ni HNw Lucern.

inimanjlratid, a town of Rnffia, in
the government of Wiburg. In 1741,
a battle was fought near this town
between 3000 Swedes and 16,000 Ruf-
li.ans; but, at laft, the former were
obliged to yield to fuperiority of number
It is feated on the s fide of the lake
Saima, 40 m nnw Wiburg, and ico
N N w Peterfburg.

ff'ilmingtort, a maritime diftrift of N
Carolina, comprehending the counties
01 Brunfwick, New Hanover, Onflow,
Duplin, and liladen.

Wilmington, a town of N Carolina,
in New Hanover county, capital of the
diftridt of its name. It has a confider-
able trade to the W Indies, and Hands
on the NE branch of Cape Fear river, 34
m from the fea, and 90 ssw Newbern.
Lon. 78 ao w, lat. 34 5 n-

Wilmington^ a feaport of Delaware,
in Newcattle county, with fix edifices
for public worfliip. The town and its
neighbourhood is deemed the greateft
feat of manufactures in the United
States; and almoft the whole of th"
foreign exports of the ftate are fron:.

-on. 77 3 w, lat,

n of Maryland,
f (cated on iIk-
fli of Concj^o.

■ I'^lifabt'thtovvii,
)n.

ng fcaport of
by William i,
5«5- It is on.'
. IS well built,

ur- This plnct-
ill 179,^, against

ol)ligfd to nifr
dercd to thitn
lat part of tl.i
t» 15 m wNw

t- 51 .?9 N.

f ^lalT.Klmi'et'!,

itl> a Hoiiriniirn;

ms ColIfKc in

iiider. It is iH

^w Hofton.

of N Carolina,
It islitiiateoii

ymoutli,and55

fland at the w
Jtliern Georgi;i.
5, and coiitain-
tliouland (hags.

s.

>ailiwlc of SwiC

Luccrn, fi-ated

fic river Wigcr,

n of Ruffia, in
ui'g- h\ 1741,
ear this town
id i6,coo Ruf-
; former were
irityofnumber
k' of the lake
t)urg, and ico

icdiftrid ofN
J the counties
lOver, Onflow,

»f N Carolina,
capital of the

las a confider-

:8, and (lands
Fear river, 34

sw Newbern.

of Delaware,
h Ox edifices
town and its
1 the greateft
the United
vholc of th<
ite arc fron:.

WIL

\W\i place. It is fitnatc on the n (Idc
of ('l)ri(liana crrck, i m w of the livtr
Dei.tware,and :S sw Philadelphia. Lon.
75 40 w, l.a. ,vi 4.1 N. _

lyUmJlow, a town in Chelliirc, with
a market on Saturday, ft;it(d on the
Bolin, ij ni N Conyleton, and 174 Nw
London.

fyUna, the capital of Lithuania, in
a palaiinite of the liimc nnmi.', and a
bKhnp's fee, will) a iiiiivcr(ity, .in nncirnc
caille, and a royal palace It Hands on
fcvrrnl litth; eminences, and h.is two
confiderabic luburbs called Antc)k)!lo
and Uiidaifka. Here art' upwa*-'.! of 40
churches ; and the magniliecnt one be-
longing to the caflle haa a very rirli
treai'ury. In 174M, a condagraton de-
Itroycd i^ churches; and in 1749, ano-
ther fire happened by lightnin).,', which
conl'unu'd lix churchcri . bifidt ♦.hcff, the
JcwHli fynagopue, the council hoiife, ..53
palaces, numerous flon«; edifices and
other buildings were dcllioycd. The
churches have been rebuilt, and fome
of them in a more elfgant nianutr than
before ; but the city has not recovered
its former :;randeur. Wilna was taken
by the Rulfiaiis in 1794, and with its
territory annexed to that empire. In
18 1 1, it was entered by Bonaparte in
his progrels to Rulli i : on his return,
and flight from Molodcgno, he reenter-
ed it Dec. I, but immediart'ly Hcd a^jain
in difguifefor France ; nnd on the i illi
the city was rei;;ken by the Ruffian;;- It
is leated on the W'ilia, 180 m t Konigf-

btrg, and •240 ne Warfuw. Lon. 25
a8 K, hit. 54 41 N.

Wtifdorf, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifni.i, near which, in 1745, the
.Saxons were defeated by the Prufliana.
It is 9 m w Drefden.

IVilfnuclh a t; wn of Brandenlnirc,
i:i the mart of Fregnitz, 14 m N'.v
Ilavelberg.

(Vi/jcu'ttz, a town of Mnravia, in the
circle of Hradifch, if m knk IlradKcIi.

Wiljlir, a lown of Lower Saxony, in
Holftein, 10 m N Glucliltadt.

If'il/on, a borough in Wilt(hire, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market on
Wednefday, and a manufacture of car-
pets and thin woollen ftufFs. It was
formerly the capit.d of the county, but
is now much reduced. Here is Wilion-
houfe, the magnificent feat of the earl
of Pembroke, in which is a celebrated
collection of antiques. It is feated be-
tween the rivers Willy and Nadder, 3
m w by N Salifbury, and 85 w by s
London.

fViltJhire, a county of England,
bounded on the e by Berkfh're and

WIN

llampniire. s by Ihmplhire and Dor.
fetihiu-, w by Soinrrletlhirc, and nw
and N by (Jlniieeftrr(liire. it ik 5.4 m
Ion;; and <,i<, brouj, cont.iining liii,i)o
acres; is divided into 18 hundicdi,
and .loj p;irilhes; has one city and
23 mat!;tt-ti)wii9 ; and f'nda 34 tncm-
b«rs ti> parliamei't. The number ot
inhabit.intH was i8.<;,to7 in 1801. ;md
r9j,H2(jin iHu. 'i'hr air is (harp on
the hdls in winter, but \-i mild dur-
ing that fcafon in the vakv*. The land
in the N parts is generally hilly and
woody, but very let tile; lu-re bcin>?
madi' that kind of eheite v.hich is fo
mi ch edeemed as North W^iltlliiie. In
the s it i;i rich and fertih-. In the mid-
dh? it chiefly confills of down^, that
afTord the bed piflure for Iheep ; and
in the vallien, v.'hich divine the downs,
are corn-fields and rich mcidow*. The
chiif commodities are flieep, wool,
wood, and Hone ; of this laft there are
excellent quarries on the banfcs of the
Nadder, where fome of the ftones are
43 yards in length, and four in ihiek-
neCs, without a flaw. The cliicf manu-
factures are the different branches of
the clothing-trade. The priijcipal riv< ts
are the Upper and Lower Avon, the
Nadder, Willy, Bourn, and Kenaet.
Saldbury is the capital.

ff-Jifihlf/lou, a villaja" in Surry, on an
eleviited heath, 7 m s-,v Londoru Ii haii
copper millii, a manufaifture for print-
ing eallicos, and another of japan ware.
On the iw angh- of the common is a
circular encampmint, including fevea
acrer, ; the trench deep and perfect.

ff'hii/jorn, or It'imbont J\I:/!jhr, a
town in Dorfetfliirt-, with a market on
Friday. It had a monalkry, in which
were interri-.i the W Saxon king:-; Ethel-
dred :uid Sigewnrth, and queen Lthel-
bnvi^n. lis noble clnnch, caiYd tile
Minfter, was lormerly collegiate- It is
Abated between the Stot'.r and Allen,
6 ni N Pooie, and ico s.w London.

Jl'immr'by, a town of Sweden, in
Smoland, 2« m wsw Wellerwick.

// immis, a town of Swifl"erlan> ;;i the
canton of Bern, feated on the Sibntn,
18 ms Bern.

!Vi>?i/>fc>i, a town of Suabia, lately
Imperial. It coniiftsof two towns, call-
ed Wimpfen on the Hill and Wimpfen
in the Vale : in the former is a Lu-
theran parilh church, and a grammar
fchool ; and in the latter is a catholic
abbey, and a monaftery. A fait- work
was ellablilhed here in 1761. It is leat-
ed on the Neckar, 8 tn n Hcilbron, and
S2 E Heidelberg.

IVincaurtton, a town in Somcrfctiiiirc,

II ''-1

\\ 1 V

vvilh s m*rkti on Wcsln«>fi1.iy, ind A
iTijtntifadnre of lickiiip and tUmfclf. ;
(f^Stt (I on tt)c fidr of n hill, 14 m » Bkath,
riiid loH w by m London.

lyinchromh, a town in Cilonf. fln-
Oiiri', with ;i inarlfct on Hiitiird»y. It
w.\n foinurly notrd for it« abhry, wliolc
P' .t<l al)l)f»t l-it in p,«rli,imfi)t. Nr.ir
it i". the mill of Sndclcy c^jIH"-, «'hcr<r
C^tiiarinr I'arr, qnccn of Hinry viii,
arid .iffiTWMid wife to fir Thomas St y-
monr, dird in cinldlKil. not withont
fiifpicion of p lilnn. Winchcomh is
featcd Miabiittoin, 15 in nk UluuceibT,
and fi9 WNW London.

lyinrheli'ru, a town in SiifTi x, an ap

Ecnd;ij»c to tlic i.in(|iii' ports, ^ovirncd
y a mayor, with a markrt on S^tur-
iX»y- It w.iR built ill ihi- n i^ii of I'.d-
ward I, about ;, m from tlir pl.icf whrrc
;i more ancient town of tlif f;iine name
had ln'in Iw.illowi d up by tfi*- (ca. Tin-
new (own luiiig racked by llir Firiich
and Spaniardr, .iiul difcrtid by ihi- lea,
ilwiiulkd to a intMii plan*- Tlirci- of
thf gales arc yit ilaiulin^', but much
diCciyed; ain! tlic haven is now rfiokid
up. On till* level rt'Iiiuinillicd by the
fca, whieh is kept out by expciilivi;
works, and i in hni. of ilic town, is
C.imber cilUf. built by Ikiiry viit.
W'inchrllei is Icatdl on a rocky ciilf,
on an iiilt;l ni the fi.;i, 4 in '^w Rye, and
(.4 oE London.

lyinrhi-/.'!'/; a city in Hampfliire, gn-
.erncd by a mayor, with a market on
■*Atdiieid.'y .'Old Saturday. The walls,
ivhich arc gic.illy dicayed, are a mile
and a half in circuit, and tlirough them
n\v four I ;.^e^. Mere are eight chnrehcs,
befidc the < athcdral, in which wito in-
terred feveral Saxon kings and queenw,
whole bones were collected by bilhop
Fox, put into fix fmall gilded cofl'ins,
and placed on a wall in the s lidc of the
choir. In this cathedral alio is the
marble cofTin of William Kuius. On a
fine eminence overlooking the city,
ftood the caftle, which was taken from
Charles i, and afterward demoliihed,
except the magnificent hall, in which
the afitzes are now ht Id- Near the fite
ofthiscadle is the fhell of a palace,
btiilt by Charles 1 1, but never finilhed :
it is now converted into a barrack for
J 800 infantry, and the wings fitted up
for the oflRcers. Near this place is St.
Mary*s College, founded by William of
\\ ykeham, for a warden, 70 fcholars,
10 fellows. Sec- with exhibitions for
Nev/ College. Oxford ; and contiguous
10 it is a fpacious quadrangular edifice
for corornoners orgenlleiAivn not on the
jouiidation. Near the :> end of tht'

^v IN

city in the hoipil.il of St.Crofii, fniuidcj
by a bilhop of tluN fee, for a mafti-r,
nine poor brethffn, and four out pen.
finni-rn All travelleru, who c.ill at thii
holpital, havr a ri^'ht to demand fotnc
bread and beer, which in always broiijjlit
to them. Near the li gate of the city h
St jiihn'H holpital, in the hall of whicJi
the corporation give their entertain-
nicntR. U inchefttr was of great note
In the tim« of the .Saxons, and here
Egbert wan crowned the rtrll fole mo-
narch of I'.ngl.ind. Here Henry 11 held
a parli.iment, kins Jolm n'lidcd, IKnry
III wan born, Richard 11 held a pirlia<
ment, and Henry iv was married, ad
waH alii:* Mary 1. The number of inha-
bitants was 5H36 in 1801, and A705 in
iHii. It is feated on the lichen, which
is navigable lienee to Southampton, 21
m Nw Chicht llvr, and fn w by n Lou-
don Lon. I I 2 w, lat. n 4 .\.

H'inc/ifj/irr, a town of Vivgini.i, capi-
tal iif I'redirie county. It has four
edifices lor public worlhip, and tlanilii
nrii the head of Opeckon cnek, which
Hows iiitothi'Potomac, 8omwNW AUx-
aiidrii. Lon. 78 ,',4 k, lat. ,^i) 15 N.

/' iiiclii'jUr, a town of Kentucky, chief
of Clark county. It is lituate between
the head waterti of the Kentucky atid
the Licking.

If'nulati, a fenport of the duchy of
Comland, with a caftle. The exports
are pitch, tar, wax, &:c. and fome fliip.5
are built here. It (lands at the mouth
of a livcr of the fame name, in the B;il.
tic, 76 m Nvv Miitau, and 10 1 n by E
Memcl. Lon. 21 50 k, lat. 57 15 n.

" indt-rniere, or H innntkrvirre, the
molt cxtenlive lake in England, lying
between Weftmorland and Lancalhire.
It txtinds 12 m from n to s. hut in no
pait broader than a mile ; and is famoiu
for fine char, and abundance of trout,
perch, pike, and tel- The principal
feeders are the rivers Rothay and Bra-
thay, and its outlet is the river Leven,
This lake is frequently interfetfled by
promontories, and (potted with illands.
Among thtii', the Holme, or Great
Iflind, an oblong trad: of 30 acres,
crofies the lake in an oblique line, fur-
rounded by a number of inferior illes,
finely wooded.

fy'indham, a town of Connedicut,
capital of the county of its name. It is
feated on the Shetucktt, 14 m nnw
Norwich, and 22 ^SE Hartford. Lon.
72 low, lat. 41 45 N.

ff'tHiii/graiz, a town of Germany, in
Stiria, 24' m nw Cillcy.

fyindlitiiren, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wiitemburg, Icatcd on the

'f.Cmr», foiMijfj
•' ''»iir OIK p,,„.

'• who (Mil ;,t „||^

|!" ''••m..n,| unnt
i«alw;.y.', hroiiL'lit
hf«' of till- city ,•.,
"'«• f'^ill of whici,
f/itir entertain.
i'^ "f m-M note
axorm, and 1,^^.
'"• fir't Colo n,o-
■•"c H.-nry it 1,^.1,1
" '■•■''«l"l, liany
I " '»•''' a p.rlia-
w.ifl inarri.il, an

numhrronnha.
".and 6705 ,„

!'•'• I'fhcii, which
"iilhanipton, j,
'■'- ^^' I'y N Lo„.

• T I 4 .V.

'f Viif^iiii,,, capi.
/•, It has f„,„.
">ip. and ilaMis
•oiicrrtk, which
HomwNwAhx.
! ':"• .-!'> I'; N.
^tntiicky.chi.i
^ "lUiatc betwcrn
1-' Kentucky and

'«f thp duchy of
e. The t-xports
;• and ihmi: iliips
Ids at the momh
^me. in the B.1I.
and loT V by e
' 'at- 57 15 N.
'fnilernirri;, the
England, lying
and Lancafhire.

to s. I)ut in no
! and is famous
lance of trout,

' he principal
"thay and Bra-
be river Levi-n.

intcrfeaed by
-il with dJands.
fne, or Great

of ^o acres,
',qiie line, fur-
i" inferior iflcs,

■ Conned icut,
• 8 name. It is
^ 14 m Njjvv
irtford. Lon.

fG(

nnany, In

Siiabia, in the
cated on the

\N I N

I,uitfr, .it lt« conHiix with the Ncck.ir,
1: m HR Stiitgard

liinJjluie/j, a town and cattle of Sua-
hla, in ihe inariiravHtc of Anfpach, Uat-
flii on the Kidnii/, 10 m tm. Anipich.

ft'inJ/Mm, a town of i'rai.eonia,
lately imperial. The ramparts th it
fiirroinid it ftrve for a promenade. It
in feated on th«' Aifc-h, 30 in bs VViirtz-
jiurir, and ^^ hsw HamljerK.

Il'hhijor, a horouj-h in Herklliire,
f.atcd or) an «Mniiiencc, hy tlic 'I'liunen,
widi a market on Saturday. It iikccle-
hnteil for a mantiificent I'aftle. built
((rlKinally by William 1, and enlarged
by Henry i. It w.is the rclidencc of
the iuccfcding monarcliR. till Kdward
III (who w.\n born in it) cauled the
ancient building to lie taken down,
and ere(5Ved lb«! prtfent llru».'\iire and
St. Georgv^^ij chapel. Great ailditionH
were made to it by Edward iv, lieriry
VII, Henry VII r, and Mlil.ibt lli. Ciiarhs
II cnlarja'd the windows and made
them regular, fiirnillied the royal apart-
ments with paintings, enlargeil the ter-
race walk on the N lide, and carried it
round the li and s fnleo. His piefeiit
majelly has alio madt? very fine im-
provenients. This caftio ftaiids on a
iiigh hill, which rills from the town by
a gentle afceut ; and ita fine torniee,
faced with a rampart of frct'lh»ne, 1870
feel in length, is one of the noblcd walks
in Europe, with rolpeft to Itrength,
grandeur, and profpetfla. From that
part of the caltle called the Round
Tower, is an cxtenfive view into twtlve
counties St. George's chapel, or the
collegiate church, which Hands between
the upper and lower courts, was begun
by Edward iii, in 1377, in hon»)ur of
the order of the garter. Edward iv
enlarged the defign, and it was finilhed
by Henry VII. The interior architec-
ture is greatly admired, particularly its
ilone roof; and the whole was repaired
and beautified in 1790. In ibis chupel
are interred Henry vi, Kdward iv,
Henry viii, his queen Jane Seymour,
and Charles t. The royal foundations
in this caftle are ; the order of the gar-
ter, inftituled in 1349, confiding of the
fbvereign, and 25 knights companions,
exclufive of the princes of the blood
royal; and the royal college of b^t.
George, confiding of a dean, 1 1 canons,
feven minor canons, and 18 poor knights.
Oppoftte the SE fide of (he caftle, is
a modern-built manfion, called the
Queen's Lodge ; and below this is the
Lower Lodge. Adjoining the quetn's
lodge is the little park, which, extends
round the t and n fidea of the caftle>

WI N

and forms a brauiilul lawu, 4 m in clr.
cult. On the k lide of the town i« thf
^reat park, which i» 14 m in circuit:
It has a noble road from the town,
through a doulde planlalion»t of trees,
to the ranger I. lodge. On the death ol'
lh«' lall ranger. IJei.fy I redenc duke of
Lumlierland, his majelty look the m.4.
nageinent of this p.irk Into hii own
hands, and has niadf conlu'erable im-
provemeiiu with refpee't to agricultural
utility, as well at rural beauty. Windlor
coniarned ,ij6i rnhibiiants in i«oi, and
^i.S.S in iSii. It is 17 m R by N Kead-
niK, and ij w London. Lon. o ^6 vr.
lai. ji 30 N,

/' inf/jor, a town of Vermont, chUf
of the county of its name. The aH'tni-
biy of the Hate holds its l.Hioii here
and at Rutland alternately. It is feated
on the river Coiineilicut, 40 m K by 8
Uutland, and 71 Nh Hciinington. Lon.
714.W, lat. 45 ay n.

ff hi/ij'ir, a town of Conniidicut, in
Hartford county, on tiie river Connecti-
cut,airhr udliixofU'iiidfor Terry river,
7 «n N H.irtlord.

H'indpr, a town lyf N Carolina, chle.
of Herlie county. It is lituate on the
Culliai, 1.3 m w by s Edenton.

Hindfor, a town of .Mallachuf.'ts, in
Herklhire county, feat, d among hiiis,
20 m NNw Lenox, and ni w by .m
Bolton.

Hlndjbrt a town of Nova Scotia, with
a college, touniled by royal charter in
1802. It is feated on a river of the fame
name, Aj m nw Halifax.

ff'i/ul/br Seiv, a town of New York,
in Ulfter county, on the w fide of the
Hudfon, juft above the high lands, 6 in
N of WellPoint.

If'huljor I'oreji, a "^oteft in the E part
of Bcrklhire, 50 m in .-ircuit. Though
the /oil is generally barren and unculti-
vated, it is finely diverlified by hills and
dales, woods and lawns, and delightful
villas, it coMlains feveral towns and
villages, of which Wokingham is iht:
principal.

IVindnuard Ijlands, fuch of the Ca-
ribe illands in the W Indies, as com-
mence at Martinico, and extend to
Tobago.

IViiidxvard Pajfage, the ftrait between
Point Maizi, the k end of the illand of
Cuba, and Cape St. Nicholas, the ww
extremity of St. Domingo.

Winmnden, a town and caftle of Sua-
bia, in the duchy of Wirtemburg, \i in
RNK Stutgard.

If'inniczu, a town of Poland, in Po-
dolia, with a caftle ; feated on the river
Bog, 35 m N Brack lau.

1

1*

W T N
■ Ifintuftgt .( like of Upper C'inailj,
N«r of Lake Superior. It U \^<t m long
and from 50 to 100 broid* and exhibit*
a body of w-ttcr next in iW.r to Lake
Superior It reciivci tho w.itcrt of
ffvcral fnull lak<'N in cvrry <lin\'tic)rit
4U(1 C(>nt.«ins ii number nf finnii ill.itiilt.
The liiiKJi on iti haitku prodiici* V4(l
«|iuntiti< >i of wiltt rice, und the liigar*
tree in gnat plci.'y.

tUnH/loroin^'.t A town of S Carolina,
chief ol I'uirficld county, wiili » frmi'
n.iry called Mount '/iou 1 ollt-^i'. It
tUnd» on VV.jifrcf crcik, which llowi
into the liver of that name, <6 m n hy
w Coliitnhi.i. I.oH' 81 i -^ w, lat. j4
aa N.

ff tnj'chotfH, n fortified town of Iloi-
IaucI, in (ironingen. II<'rc, in 1568, wa.i
fought the firft liattlo In-twern thf n--
volti'd Dnich and the Spaniaidi. wli'>
wrri- tit Ic.itcd by Lewis, l)rotiu r to tlit
prince of Ornn^'e. It 1^6 111 b of Dolluit
Lay, and n) m. Oroningen.

ff'hi/hi, a town of l<'iwer Saxony, In
the ducliy of I>un<'bur>,', with a cafltc.
ii- >rfd on the Luhe, near itH c )nllux
vitli the litnenau, if m nw Lunt-biirj;.
— Anothrr, lt',it<d 011 tht- Allcr, 6 ui be-
low Zill, aiid 47 srvv Luiitbnre.

ff'iu'/onl, a villipe in Clulliirc, on
the rivir Weever. 4 m w by n Middlt-
wich. Ilort' is a m.iritiFadure of fall,
and rtbund,\nc'' of i-ili rock, of which
grcfit r|U.ir.titifo are fcnt 10 Liverpool
tor export ation.

ff'i>i/!oru;, a town in Buckiiipham-
fliire, with a nurket on Tu'idny, 7 m
Nw Ayltfbtiiy, and 49 wnw London.

tl"n;Jlo<u), a town of the dillrid of
Maine, in Lincoln county, with a fort;
fcatod on thf Kennebec, 18 m N Har-
rington.

Ill/i/itr, a town in Di'ibyfluto, which
has a nr\eeting for the laic of provillonii
on Saturday. It is lituatr ainoiit; rich
lead mines, aft tn n n vv Derb/.

IVintfiljcrg, a town of ihr 'iichy of
Wellphslia, iz m sw Coibach, ar.d a8
SE Arenfburg.

^^'inUtberg, a town of Bolicmi.;, in
the circle of Pracliiu, 25 m WiW
Pifock.

fVinterlntrgt a town of France, in thi'
department of Rhine and Molelle, lately
of Gcimany, in the county of Spou-
heim, 10 m wnw Creutziuxh, and 13
ibE Simmern.

IVinteringlianh a town in Lincoln-
fhire, governed by a mayor, but has no
market ; ft-ated near the Iluinber, j j ni
K Lincoln-

lyinterthur^ a town of Swidcrland,
In the canton of Zurich, where ihevc

W I II

art* minfral hathi The article! maJ<
here by the fmithi iuid tuvneri are in
grf.it eltimatinn i and it h.i» nt.initf4C'
turrn of earllitii warv, flripvd e,tmlcts,
and Cotton. It ix frated n a ftitil^
plain, oil dtu river Ulach, la m t.Ni
Zurich.

ll'iHterlon, a viH.i^je on the t ((wrt of
Norfolk, niara promoni ny c.illcd Wii\-
tertonnrlii, on which i« u lit;hthuufe, 10
nt N hy w Yarmoulft.

Il'$i4l/.<rrfi, a town of the dirtrii*\ of
Maine, in i.incoln county, 10 ni w by »
IIair>ii){ton

If'inloH, a town of N Carolina, chief
of Ht'itlord county. It ii litn.itf on the
Chowan, la m mb MurfretHi )ro»ij;h,
and .v> M^^ liilenton.

Hinivti/rr, a town of France, In the
department of Mont Tonnme, lately
of (lermany, und cipit.tl of the comity
of F.ilkenll<iii. It is ;t m wsw VV«i,,n^,
and i7 nk D>iix Pv»ntH.

If'inaviii, a village in Lanrafliirr, ^
m N VVarrinjjton It is ilcenieil the
richelt redory in the kinj^dom ; and on
the s fidi,> ot the cluiich i.s a Latin in*
fcription, Inliinalinij that tin- place wan
ojice .i favoiite ft ai ol Ofwald, Ling of
Northnmbi rland.

fli/'/>f}furt, a town (.f W«ilpbalii,
ill the ihichy i-f Hi'ri::, (eattd on the
VVi|>ptr, near itH fource, .^o m E.s: Uuf*
feidorl

U'ip/tra, a town of Upper Sixony, in
till- county < I .Mansfeld. (ituate on the
VVipper, 10 n wN w Eilli b' n.

J( irftjhvortlit a town in D' rl^niirc,
with a niarktt on Tiiekliy Lead ore
in found here in great r.binui.inic, and
it is the jtrcalelt mart for lead in Ep)^'-
laiicl. Millltoiies and griiuillones ,ue
alio found in the inighb>nirli()od, as well
as veins of antimony. It is feated in a
valley, in-ar the fourcc of the, Ecii.'f.
born, ;_:; \\\ ^ by w Derby, and 140 nnw
London.

fVirtcmbiirg, or Jf itrteiibiirg, a fi)ve-
rcign duchy oF Germany, in the circle
of Sualiia ; boniuicd on the n by tlu;
palatinate of the Khint; :ind Franconia,
E and s by fev^ral provinces of Sii^ibia,
auvl w by the Black foreft and the
marquilhte of B^den. It is C5 m in
length, and iiearU as much.in breadth;
and is one of the* iroft pctpnlous and
fertile countries in Germany, though
there are many mount. lin-* and woods.
It produces plenty of pafture, corn,
fruit, and a great deal ol N> ck.ir wine,
io called from the river Neclcn, which
runs thiuugh the duchy. There arc
alfu mines and fait fprings, and much
game. Stutgard is the capital ; and

I he .VIC I
». of th »

WcUer .

tlic pri
-ai.icen
lit hil
Ihc t'>\
mcrly
Mint/..

n.

h

ill the
S,i.turd»<
i\i corn

milli >'
ber of
It h IV

tr.>in

I

'he «rticlci mnJt
'tl fiiincri .irc ir,

t '.1.1>» ril.l.iilfj,;.

""'MH«I f.tmlttj,

'•*'^"» i» m i.vi

on I hi' r. c-,Maof
''^'•yc.illcJWi,,.
•• 'iKlitliuuff, ,0

"i" I lie (|iifrii<l of
'>'y» Id fJl w by »

Cuolid.i, (I, J

,'^ 'ltll,lt,.()|, ,hc

'•irlrci/b)roiijj|i,
Fr.Kice, in tlio

""[""C. lately

o^ thiMromitir

ni w,w V\o;.n ,

'" '-sncafliiir, ,
'" 'IffllU'il thl-

"Kilom ; ami on
'■'' '•'* •» Latin in.
:'f fli'- piacn w.if!
Ulwuld, kinjjof

''f W.Uphnlh,

fcattd oil tlif

.10 m E»i Duf.

Pper S ixony, in
■ 'iluate on the
lltlii ti.

ill Di rliy/liirf,
I ly Lead ore

i'.biuul.iiiio, and
»r ii.ad ill Eng-

jriiuKlont's an;
iirliood.aswdi
t is fratcd in a
"f llu:Iu\i,(-.
■» and 140 N\\v

iiburg, a fove-
•. in the circio
the \- by tlu;
lui Fraitconia,
c<'Sol" Sii^I)i,i,
)i<'ft and tl)«<
t is O3 m ill
li.il) breadth;
fX'puiuus and
lii'iy. thoiigl:
■< .Hid woods,
'^ftiirf, corn,
V'ckar wine,
eclcar, which
Thf.'ie arc
)> and much
apital j and

WIT

Ihf ftnclrnt Ckfllc ol WlrUmburg 14 4 in
t. of 1h.1t city.
IfiJxiJtn, n town of Oirmmy, in

U'ciifravi4» wUlt -t p •■■ue bdoiii^in^ !<»
the priiuH- of NiM'tii lllinjjni. The
uljjci'nt country ii lurroinuled by plc'i>

U hillit, which yield excellent wine,
itic t'»wn h.ki ftHiii warm luthi, t'ui-
riicrly of Kre.it npui«* It in 6 m h
Mtntx, am] 31 w Fi'itiikforl.

Ifijharht x town iti Ciinbrldv^cdiirc,
in the ide of Ely. with a nurkt-t mt
Sdiirday. It lui .1 confiderablr tr.idc
in torn, and »)f oil prt-tVed Ir.im fccdtat
mitli in the ni'ighbourhoiid. The num-
ber of iuh.iliitunr« v\.i> 6400 in iilii.
It jj letltd on a navigable river, iH in
trotn the lea, 34 nnw C.iiDbiidi^o, And
o<f s London.

If i/by, a ft'apnrt of Sweden, Ciipi'al of
Itic i(le o( CJuthlan't, and a bilbop'^ lee,
with a caflle. It ii le.itcd on ilie fide
gf a rocU, on the Baltic. 129 ni s by
e ^tockholn. Luii iH 41 1:, lat. 57

fh/a(^'t, A fc.ipnrt of tlie ditliii-t of
Main*'. Ill Lincoln couiiiy, katcd «)n the
Sheeplciit, ncir the fea, .5:111 nic llniiil'-
wick. L(»n. (>') 45 w, lit. 4 j 57 N.

infclifrroil . A town of Pvilaml, in the
pdatinate of I'i'jckiko, feated o\\ llic
VilUiia, il m i by a i'locklko, and 58
WN'w W.irf.iw.

li'ijl'jc/i, a town of r.ermaiiy, in tlif
late p.ilatinatc ol the Rhine, icated on
the r,li;iiz, 14 in i- by n Spiic.

I! //)/itir, a rtroMK fe<ii^)rt of flower
Snxony, in the diiehy ol Mecklenburg,
with a cit.idel. By the peace ot Well-
phalia, in j6|H, it bec.tme the property
(if Sweden ; but it has illered fre-
quently ill lubfeipieiit wtrs, the lalt
time in 1716, when it w.m taken by the
northern confederates, who at the end
of the following year bK w up and la/ed
ita former fortitlc;>tioii». The three
principal churchi-s, the towiuiourc, and
the palace of Mecklenbiirir, arc the
mofl remarkable buildinjits. The royal
i^wcdilh tiibiin.il for the CiLrman i!.)-
minions of that crown is eltibiilliLd at
this place. It is Ceatcd on a bay of the
Baltic, 30 m E by N Lubec, and .53
wsw Rolloc!;. Loii. 11 34 t, lat. 5,^
56 N.

lyijJon, a town of Wales, in Pem-
brokelliire, governed by a mayor. It
had an exteidive caftle, which is now
in ruins. It is 6 m en e Ilaverfordwcft,
and 248 wjjw London.

U'itepjk, a (Irong town of Lithuania,
lately the capital of a palatinito of the
fame name, but now fubj -(fl to HufTia,
and in the government of Polotlk. It

W FT
it fc«tnl in a monfi, nt the conflux of
tlie VVul(b« wlih Ihf Dwiri,i, 4a m i«r.
I'ulotll , Anx\ ;< w Hw Smoli-nflc. Lon.

. vuN. a t'lwii uf Lui.ttt.i, on the
river Klfti-r ij m n.sw Hudilf.-n,

It'll :'>iau, t town iif Itobrmij, in llir
circle t)i' Beoliiii on the river Lnufiiitr,
14 in t Bndwci*.

lllffiH/ltiit, n callji* of Oerm.my, in
W.ll.fwat I, which nivc« name to u
linill county, iini ed to that uf S^yn.
It ftandi on « bigli rock, i.f m Nvr
MarbiMK.

Hithonif a river iii Line >lti(hire,
winch II nv< N by Orantlia'n, to Lin-
coln, and thiTce si. by T.ittcrlhall and
lltWlon iritothc German ocean. From
Lincoln it ha* a cominuiie.idon with
the Trent, by a nuiixible canil, cillcd
the lM)irdik.', cut by king Ibiiry 1.

H'ithnni, » town in I Ilex, with a
maikei onThurldiy, li,it<(li(ii mivh-
let, near i'H conllux with the Bl.ick-
water, (i .n nk Clielni lord, and jH knk
Loinl III.

// ////./;, a t"\vn of Fianrc, in tl;f de-
jMrtinent of Sure, litily of (Jeriii iiiy,
III the rli,;ioratv- of i'rrvcM. !i Ims a
cattle called Oltenllein, and in the nciKh-
bourhood are many copper- mine i. It
in (ialed on the Leicr, 19 in nn.'.
Treves.

ll'it ^ini'l, a town of VVcftplnli I, i»
F- I'litnoid, fealed 01 liic ll.ui.', 20 n\
Nu I'.nulen.

II it.Ki/, a tinvn in OxIoidiMire, with
a marL'i on liiinrdty. Ikre are ma-
inifactuus of the Hnelt blanUet.s, and
other thick woollen)., called beiir-lkiii..
■■\h\ kerleys. Ii is feati<l on the VV'iiid-
lalh, II m w.^JW Oxford and 6j
London.

Il'itjf'jil, a town of Brandenburg, in
the marl: of Prepnilz, with C'-lcbrated
clotli mamifitJlii i, on the river Dcini",
1; m NNw Ruppin.

Il'itteithtrif^ a Itroni,' town of Ger-
many, capital of Sixony Proper, vvilh a
famous nniverlity, and a c illle. It iu
the place where the general alletnblics
of the ircle of Upper Saxony are held.
Martin Luther began the reformation
her-', in 1517, and is buried in ^. chapel
belonging to the calUe. Wittenberg
has fiitfi'red greatly by wars, particu-
larly in the liege by the Aultri.ms in
1760. It is featcd on the K!h •, over
which \i a brid-^'c, 6,; m nw Drtfdcn.
Lon. (2 45 p., lit. 51 .54 N'.

Il^itteiiburg, a town of Hrandenbutg,
in the mark'of Pregnitz, featcd on the
Elbe, 7 m s.sw Perlcber^'.

lyitt^nbin-^i a town of Lower Sax-

It

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IMAGE EVALUATION
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lit

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Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STR2!T

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

WOB

oriy, ill Mecklenburg, 15 m wsw
Schwcrin.

IVitteuhalt, a large villaj^e in Stafford-
ftiire, !} m E Wolverhampton, partaking
in the trade of that town.

IVittenJhin, a town oF Rnffia, in the
g overumcnt of Livonia, 40 n» SE Uevel.

inttlej'fif-mere, a lake in the nk part
of HuMiingdonlhire, 6 n^ long and 3
broad. It is 4 m 8 Peterborough.

IViizenliaufin, a town of Germany,
in Lower Hefle, fi-ated on the VVerra,
18 m E by N Cartel.

Il'tvelifcomb, a town in Somcrfetfliire,
with a market on Tuefday, and a ma-
iiufaifture of blanketing, kerfeys, and
other coarfe cloths. It ftands on th9
T hone, 20 m n Exeter, and 153 w by s
London.

IViv,fnlioe, a village in Eflfex, feated
on the ('oin, 3 m se Colchefter, of
wliicli it is the port, and has a cultom-
lioufi;. Tiie ColcliL'fter oyfters arc
chiefly barrelled at this pbci'.

iyiadika<iukas, a town and fortrefs of
Uiiiria, in the province of Caucafla,
uhich may be conndercd as the key to
the military road through the Caucaltiii
into Georgia. It is litnate at the e
extremity of the valley of the Terek, on
the right bank of the river, 30 m w by s
Ki/lar, and 90 v. Catharinograd.

ff'/aJijlaiv, a town of Poland, ca-
pitcd of a palatinate of its name, and of
the province of Ciijavia, with a fort.
It is the rclidence of the biiliop of Cii-
javia, and ftands on the Viilula, 98 m
WNw Wariavv. Lon. 18 50 e, lat. 5a

I'yiodztmibrz, a town of Little Po-
land, in Volhinia, with a caftle ; feated
on the Hug, 46 m w Lucko.

U'lotho, a town of VVfftphalia, in the
county of Ravenfberg, ieated o'. 'he
VV'erer, 7 m sw Mindcn.

/^W/00, one of the Sandwich iflands,
leven leagues nw of Morotoi. From
the appearance of the ne and nw parts,
it is the fineft ifland of the group. A
bay is formed by the n and w extre-
mities, into which a fine river flows,
through a deep valley ; but the water
is brackifli for 200 yards fronri the
entrance. It is luppofed to contain
^'Ojooo inhabitants. Lieut. Hergift, who
had been fent from England, in 1791,
with a fupply of provifions for captain
Vancouver, then on a voyage of difco-
very, was here furprifed and murdered
by the natives, together with Mr.
Gooch, the allronomer. Lon. 157 51

W, lat. 21 43 N.

Woburn, a town in Bedfordfliire, with
a market on Friday. It had an ancient

WOL

abbey, on the fite of which th* prt fent
magnificent building called Wuburn
Abbey was built by the late duke of
B(;dford. The town wag burnt down
in 1724, but has been neatly rebuilt.
Near it Ih foiii,d great nicnty of fullers
earth. It is la m 3 bedford, and 41
NNw London.

IVodninth a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Prachin, feated on the Bianitz,
urns Piftck.

fVoerden, a town of S Holland, feated
on the Rhine. 10 m w Utrecht.

H'oiet/, or (Uer/, a village in Somcr-
fetfnire, on the s Pde of the Mendip
hills, 2 in w Wells. Here is a famous
cavern, calUd Wokcy Hole, the mouth
of v/hich is only fix feet high ; but it
foon expands into a i'pncious vault, 80
feet in height ; the roof compofed of
pendant rocks, whence a clear water, of
a petrifying quality, continually drops.
From this grotto a narrow paHage dc
Icends to another of lefs height ; and
bi'yond a fccoiid narrow paflage is a
third grotto. The extremity is above
200 yards from the entrance.

fVof'ins^, a village in Surry, on the
liver VV'ey, 5 m NNt Guildford. In the
manor-houfi' here died Margaret coun-
tefs of Richmond, mother of Henry vn.
The fliell of the guard room is ftill
remaining.

lfoii»g/iam or Oaiinjj/tam, a cor-
porate town in Beikfhire, with a market
on Tuefday, noted for a great fuppjy
of poultry. Mere all the courts tor
Windfor foreft are held. Four m to
the ssE are veltiges of fome Roman en-
trench ments called Cefar's Camp. It
is 7 m KSE Reading, and 31 w by s
London.

ll'olau, a ftrong town of Silefia, capi-
tal of a principality of the fame name,
with a fine cadle, many handfome build-
ings, and a great woollen manufadhire.
It is feated near the Oder, furroundtd
by a morafs, 20 m nw Breflau. Lon.
16 45 ><:> lat. 51 18 N.

Ho/beck, a town of \^'ellphalia, in
the principality of Mundcr, 7 m sse
M under.

JVoldeck, a town of Lower Saxony,
in Meckh-nburg, 21 m ene Strelitz,

ff'ol/ac/i, a town of Suabia, in the
principality of Furftenberg, on a river
of the fame name, at its conflux with
the Kintzig, 19 m ne Friburg.

I'Volfenbuttle^ a principality of Lower
Saxony, which conftitutea a part of the
duchy of Brunfwick. It is divided into
two parts by the principalities of Hil-
derflveim and Halberftadt ; the northern
borders on the duchies of Luneburg

Ii* prffent
Woburn
e duke of
nit down
r rpbiiilt.
of fullers
I. aticl 4j

WOL

»nd Magdrburg ; thf fouthern lies be-
iwccn th<'' principality of Hcldcflifim,
the abbey of Corv«'y, and the county of
VVerniperode. The n part produces
abundance uf If ralii. gr»in, flax, hemp,
lilk, and various kinds of puife and
tiuit. The s part is hillv and has little
aral)le land, but yields plenty of timber
and iron, and has manul'adures of glafs
.nnd fine porcelain, with a very rich
mine and fait works in the Hart/ forclt.
Tile principal rivers are the Wcl'er,
Leine, and Ocker. The eltAblilhed re-
ligion is the Lutheran.

ff'olfdn/futtlf, a ftrong city of Lower
Saxony, capital of the pr' cipality of
the lame nam«*. It has a callle, a long
time the relidence of the dukes, in
which is an excellent library, with a
cabinet of curioiities relating to natural
niftory. The academy is very famous,
and is called the Ducal great fchool.
J II the principal church is the burial-
place of the princes, which is an ad-
mirable piece of archite(5ture. Wolfen-
buttle ia feated in a marlhy foil, on the
Ocker, 7 m s by w Brunfwick, and 30
w Hrilberftadt. Lon. 10 4^ e, lat. 5a

10 N.

IVolferfdikey afinall ifland of Holland,
in Zealand, between N Beveland and S
Bevelatid.

IVolfsberg, a town of Germany, in
.Carinthia, with a caftle ; ftatcd on the
Levant, at the foot of a mountain, 26 m
ENB Clagenfurt.

Wolgajlj a IVaport of Hither Pome-
rania, with one of the bed harbours on
the Baltic. Only tlic tower of its an-
cient caftle is now Handing. It is feat-
ed on the Peene, or w channel of the
Oder, 54 m Nw Stettin. Lon. 13 5a e,
Jat. 54 4 N.

WolkenJie'tTit a town of Lower Saxony,
in the circle of Krzgeberg, with a caftle
on a rock, near the Zfchopa, 15 m sse
Chemnitz.

Wolkomyjlit a town of Lithuania, in
the palatinate of Novogrodeck, feated
on the Ros, 23 m se Grodao.

JVol/in, a fortified town of Hither
Pomerania, capital of a fertile idand of
the fame name, between the two eaftern
branches of the Oder. It is feated on
the Diwenow, 12 m sw Camin, and 30
N Stettin. Lon. 14 40 E, lat. 53 50 n.

i^ olm'irftadtt a town of Lower Saxo-
ny, in the duchy of Magdeburg, on the
river Ohra, 10 m n Magdeburg.

Woloczok, a town of Ruflia, in the

government of Novogorod. Here is a

anal which unites the Tiverza with the

^ifta, and the carrying trade upon it is

WOO

confiderable. It is 100 m ff, Novogo-
rod. ^ Lon. 34 20 h, lat. 57 30 N.

ff'ol/ingham, a town in the county of
Durham, with a market on Tuefday,
fituate on the Wear, amid mines of lead
and coal, 16 m w Durham, and 257
NNw London.

ff^olvei/uonptnttt a town in Stafford-
fliire, with a market on Wtdnefday. It
has a collegiate church, annexed to the
deanery of VVindfor. and a handfome
chapi'l. The number of inhabitants was
ii.565 in i8or, and i4.B:?6 in iHii.
Here is a great iron maiiuta<5tute, con-
fifting of locks, hinges, buckles, cork-
Icrews, and japanned ware. It is fixat-
ed on a hill, nearly encompafl'ed by
canals, 16 m s Stafford, and 122 nw
London.

/fo/vei/, a village in Warwickfhirc,
5 m SB Nuneaton. Here Edward iv
was furprifed and taken pnfoner by
Richard Nevil carl of Warwick.

If'omeldorf, a town of Fennfylvania,
in Berks county, 68 m nw Philadel-
phia.

U'oodbridge, a town in Suffolk, with
a market on Wednel'day, feated on the
E fide of a f'andy hill, by the river De-
ben, 8 m from ihe fea. It has docks
for building fhips, convenient wharfs,
and a great corn trade. It is 7 n\ kne
Ipfwich, and 77 ne London.

IVoodbridfrt, a town of New Jerfey,
in Middlefex county, 3 m n by w Am-
boy, and 70 ne Philadelphia.

fVoodbury, a town of New Jerfey,
chief of Gloucefter county. It is fitu-
ate near the Delaware, 9ms Phila-
delphia.

IVoodchefter, a village in Gloucefter-
fiiire, a m s Stroud. It has a broad-
cloth and a filk manufa(5ture. A great
teflclated pavement and other fplcndid
Ilomai) antiquities have been diicovered
here.

ff'oodi, Liikr of they a lake of N Ame-
rica, 90 m long and 30 where broadtft,
but very irregular in its fliape. It lies
between the Winnepeg and Lake Supe-
rior, chiefly in the territory of the
United States, but the n part is in
Upper Canada. It contains feveral
iflands ; and the lands on its banks are
covered with oaks, pines, firs, &c.

IVeodjlock, a borough in Oxfordfliire,
governed by a mayor, with a market on
Tuefday. It is chiefly noted for Blen-
heim houfe, built at the expenfe of the
nation for the duke of Marlborough, in
memory of his fignal vidory over the
French and Bavarians, in 1704- In Blen-
heim park originally Hood a royal pa-

woo

lace, the favorite rotrcat of ft:vcial
kings of Liigland, till th(' reign of
<"li.Vl«'s I, wlien it was .ilmoU wliolly
in ruins. After the biiikling of Blen-
Iicim, cv(ry trace of thiu cJiticc wan
removed, and two rims wire planted
on it8 lite. King Ilthclnd held a par-
liament iU \\'oodIl:()ck palace ; and here
Alfred the gieat irannatcd Boetius dc
Coiiloiationc PhiJolbphiaB. Henry i
beaulificil the palace; and here refided
Rofaniotil, niidrefs of Henry ri. lid-
miind, fccoiid fon of Edward i, was
born at lliis palace; alio Edward, eldcft
fon of Edward ni ; and here the prin-
colii Elifatutli way cunfiu. d by her fifler
Mary. \'»'ood(lock has a manufa^hiru
of gloves, aiul of lUcl watch chaino.
The pnct Chaucer was born, lived, and
died here. It is 8 m nw Oxford, and
6i WNW London.

JVoodjIock, a town of Virginia, chief
of Shenandoah county. It (lands rjn a
branch of Shenandoah river, 34 m ssw
Winchefter and 80 wnw Alexandria.

iroodjhivu, a town of New Jcrlcy, in
S«!em county, 1 2 m n by e Salem, and
«6 ssw Philadelphia.

IVooler^ a town in Northumberland,
with a market on Thurfday. N<:ar this
town the Scots were defeated on Holy-
rood day 1402; and the battle was ib
bloody, that it gave the name of R« d-
riggs to the place where it was fought.
Woolcr 18 feaied on the river Till, near
the Cheviot hills, 14 m s Berwick, and
317 N by w London.

fVoolfi'ity a village in Suffolk, 8 m E l;y
s Bury St. Edmund, noted for making
while bricks.

Jfookvic/i, a town in Kent, with a
market on Friday. It is of great note
for being the mod ancient military aJid
naval arfenal in England, and for its
royal dock-yard, where men of war have
been built as early as the reign ot IJeiiry
viir. At the eaftern pait of the town
is the royal arienal, in which are valt
magazines of great guns, mortars,
bombs, balls, powder, <tnd other v.^ar-
like ftores ; a foundcry Ixjr carting ord-
nance ; and a laboratory, where fire-
works and cartridges are made, and
bombs, carcal'es, grenados, &c. charged
for public fcrvicc. Here are alio exten-
five artillery barracks, for the accom-
modation of the officers and privates ;
and a royal military academy, where
cadets are inftruifled in the artillery and
engineer fervice. Woolwich is ieated
on the Thames, which is here (o deep
•hat large fliips may at all times ride
with fafcty. The number of inhabitants

WOR

waa()fia6 in iRoi, and 17,054 in inn.
It ii) K m K London.

ll'orct/hr, a town of MaflTachufiij,
capital of Worccftcr county, and tin
largell inland town in New England.
It has manufactures of pot and pcarli
afh, cotton and linen goods, and fomc
other articles. It is fituate in a healthy
vale, 45 m w by s Bofton. Lon. 71 55

W, lat. 42 20 N.

H'orcf/ier, the capital of WorccAcr-
(hire, and a bifhop's (ee, with a market
on Wednillday, Friday, and Saturday.
It contains nine churches, belidc the
cathedral, and two more without the
walls of the city ; alfo mecting-houfus
for various ledtaries as well as Roman
catholics. Edgar's 'lower, a Anni^ por-
tal, is part ef its ancient cnllle ; here
are alfo three grammar-li:hool.s, i'cvcn
holpitalf!, a public infirmary, and a well-
contrived quay. It is governed by a
mayor, carries on a confiderable trado
in carpets and gloves, and has a royal
manufadurc of elegant china-ware.
The number of inhabitants was 13,671
in 1801, and I3,'3r4 in 1811. Here
Cromwell, in 165 1, obtained a vidlory
over the Scotch army, which had march*
ed into England to reinftate Charles ir,
who, after this defeat, efcaped with
great difficulty into France. Worcefter
is feated on the Severn, 36 m nne Bril-
tol, and III WNW London. Lon. a 0
vv, lat. 52 9 N.

IVorceRtrjkire, a county of England,
bonndedf on the n by Shrop(hire and
StafFordfliire, e by Warwickdiire, se
and s by Gloncellcrlhire, and w by
Hereford (hire. It is 30 m long and ;o
broad, containing 431,360 acres; is
divided into five himdreds, and 171
parilhes ; has one city and 1 1 market-
towns ; and (ends nine members to p::r-
liament. The number of inhabitants
was 139,333 in 1801, and 160,546 in
1 81 1. The (oil in the vales and mea-
dows is very rich, particularly the vale
of Evefham, which is (tyled the granary
of thefe parts. The hills have general-
ly an eafy afcent, except the Malvern
hills in the sw pirt of the county, and
feed large flocks of fheep. The other
hills are the Licky, near Broomfgrove,
toward the n ; and the Bredon hills,
toward the se. This county had for-
merly two large forejls, but the iron
and (alt- works have ii' a manner de-
ftroyed them. Here is plenty of fruit
of moll forts, efpecially pears, which are
in many places found growing in the
hedges. The chief commodities are coal,
corn, hops, cloth, cheefe, cider, perry,

M

1S» It'VCtl

WOR

and fait. The principal rivers arc the
Sevf'rn, Temc or Tend, and Avon.

iVorcum, a town of S Holland, fcat-
fd on the s fide of the Mcuf", jull be-
low the iiillux of the Waal, 8 m nnw
liuelden.

irorcum, :itown of Holland, in FritU
land, foatcd near the Zitider zee, iH m
swLcw;irdeii.

fForJtn, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the dtichy of Holdi in, fituute on the
Elbe, lo tn N\v Cilucklladt.

IVorden, (irojjln, a town of Lower
Saxony, in the duchy of Bremen, lo m
NNwStade.

Il'ort/intorjj, a ffiiport of Dfnmark,
nn the a coa!l ol' the lUand oC Zealand;
from whiel. there is a nmch freqiienied
paflage to the illandrt of Falfter and La-
land It ia 46 m ^»w Copenhagen. Lon.
II 58t, lat. 553 N-

fVbriiiigton, a feaport in Cumber-
land, at the mouth of the Derwent, on
the coaft of the Irifli lea. The river
admits vefleU of 400 tonf, and the har-
bour is commodious. This was the
landing-place of Mary queen of Scots,
when Ihe was driven to take refuge in
England. In the neighbourhood is a
large iron foundery, fome fait- works, and
numerous colUcries. The principal ma-
nufaftures are canvas and cordage, but
the coal trade is its chief fupport. The
number of inhabitants was 5766 in 180 1,
and 5807 in 1811. It is 8 m w by s
Cockermouth, and 30* nnw London.
Lon. 3 a; w, lat 54'3i n.

jy'orifo/i, a town in Nottinghamftiire,
with a market on Wodnefday. Here
was once an abbty, the gate of which
remains ; and alfu its church, wll.i two
lofty towers at tlu* w end. On the w
fide of the town is a circular hill, which
was the fite of a caftle. Quantities of
licorice are grown in the vicinity. Near
the town is the noble feat of the duke
of Norfolk, the ancient ftruAure of
which was deftroyed by fire in 1764;
and a m to the sk Clumber Park, the
feat of the duke of Newcaftle. The
canal from Chefterfield to the Trent
pafles near this town. It is 22 m nw
Newark, and 146 n by w London.

JVormj, a town of Erance, in the de-
partment of Mont Tonnerre, lately an
imperial city of Germany, and the ca-
pital of a princely biihopric of the fame
name. It is famous for a diet held in
iSai, in which Luther affifted in perfon.
The cathedral is magnificent, and the
principal Lutheran church has a beauti-
ful altar, and fine paintings. In the war
of 1689, it was taken by the French, who
alraoft reduced it to aihcs. In 1743,

VV If I

.T treaty was concluded l.trc betwi-en
Ori-at Hritain, Hungary, and Sardinia.
In 179:. Worms liirrendi-rcd to the
French, who were obliged to t'v.icuat*
it the n«xt yen-, after the li.ls ot'Mcntz;
but it was a^ain taken Wy th«ni in (7^4.
It is fi'Litc'd on the llliiiu', 27 m ssw
•Mcntz. Lon. « 28 f,, lat. 49 36 N.

Hotjlct/, a town in L:incalhir<', iiotal
fur its iinmcnfi; coal-w orks, &c. The
■mh:<bitantB were 5062 in i Hoi, and 61 51
in 1811. It Itandbon the duke of Bridge-
water's canal, 7 m wnw M^ncluftcr.

ff or/ldailf a town in Norfolk, wi*h a
marktjt on Saturday. This place ia
noted for the introdu*?lion of that fort
oftwiflcd yarn called r^vorjh-d ; and has
now a manufatture of Itockings and
fhifis. It is ij m N Norwich, and 1*1
NK London.

Wort/iinqton, a town of MaiTachuietn,
in Hampliiire county, 19 m w by m
Northampton.

Jf'ottonBa/et, a borough in Wiltfiilre,
governed by a mayor, with a market on
Friday. It is a mean town, 30 m N
Salifbury, and 88 w London.

IFntton under Ed^e, a town in Glou-
ccfterlbire, governed by a mayor, with
a market on Friday, and a manufafture
of cloth. It is ieated under a fertile
eminence, ao m me Brlilol, and 109
WNw London-

fFrogbt/t^town in Lincvjlnflure,with
a market on ThurfJay, 1 1 m kne Lin-
coln, and 143 N London.

l^rath, Cape, a rugged and lofty pro-
montory of .Scotland, in Sntherland-
liiire, -hlch is the nw point of Great
Britain. Lon. 4 47 w, lat. 58 34 n.

iVrtkln, a noted hill or mountain in
Shropfliire, 8 m ese of Shrewlbury. It
was a famous ftation of the Romans,
and its hfight is 1320 feet above the
level of the fea.

Wrenthanit a town of Mafl^ichnfets,
in Norfolk county, a7 m ssw Bofton.
Wrexham, a <own of Wales, in Den-
bighiuire, with a market on Monday
and Thurfday. It is the largeft town
in North Wales, and a great mart for
flannel. The number of inhabitants
was 4039 in 1801, and 4334 in 181 1. It
has the language and appearance of an
Englilh town, and a large church with
a lofty ftecple. In the vicinity is a
foundery for cannon and other articles ;
and the adjacent country affords plenty
of lead' It is feated on a river, which
flows into the Dee, 13 m w by s Chefter,
and 176 Nw London. Lon. 3 10 w, lat.
53 * N'.

IVriezen, or BnWa;*;/, a town of Bran-
dcJiburg, in the Middle mark, fituate

ii

m

,\ 1 1

WUIl
nn a lake fornifil by the iniindatiuns of
thr Oder, ij m hke Ikriin.

ff'rittj(ton, a town in Somerfctftiir*',
with a markrt on Tiufclay. Much
tcade it grown here, and (bid to the
rioth manufadtiircrR. It 's ihr birth-
place of thf ccU'hr.ittd John Lotke.and
iVatrd near the foiircc of the Y»'o, lo
m flw Brillol, and 125 w f.nndon.

ffrotfiam, n town in Kent, with a
market on I'tu-lday. It has a large
rhurch, in which are 16 flails; and the
archbifhopt of Canterbury formerly had
a palace here. It in 1 1 m wnw Maid-
ftone, and 24 se iiOndon.

ff'roxetert a village in Shropfliire,
nrar the Severn, «; m se Shrewfbtiry.
It is faid to have been a city built by the
Britons, 3 m in circuit, environed by a
thick wall and a deep trench, which
may he traced 'n (cveral places ; and
over the river are the traces of a bridge,
difcernible at low water.

IVunntnberffi a town of Weftphalia,
in the principality of Paderborn, which
received its name from a vi^ory gained
by Charlemagne (»ver the Saxons in 974.
It is r4m s Riderborn.

lFu>i/chetburj(, a town of Silefia, in
the county of Glatz, with a good trade
in yarn, la m wnw Glatz.

fVunfJorf, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the principality of Calenburg, 10 m
WNW Hanover.

IVunJieJel, a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Bayreuth. Near it
are mines of copper ajid iron, and quar-
ries of marble. It is feated on the Rof-
flau, I J m w Egra, and 34 e Bayreuth.

If^urtenburg ; lee IVirtembnr:^.

fVurtzhur^^, a duchy of Germany,
comprehending a great part of Franco-
nia. It is 65 m long and. 50 broad;
bounded on the N by Henncberg, e by
Bamberg, s by Anfpatch, Hohcniohe,
and Mergenthcim, and wby Wcrtheitn,
Mentz, and Fulda. The foil is very
fertile, and produces more corn and
wine than the inhabitants confume.
This territory was lately a bifliopric,
and its fovcreign one of the greatelt cc-
clefiaftical princes of the empire ; but
it was given as a principality to the
cledor of Bnvaria, in i8o;3 ; and by the
treaty of I'refburp, in 1805, it was
ceded to the archduke Ferdinand, in the
pl.ice of Salzburg.

fyurtzbur^, a fortified city of Fran-
conia, capital of a duchy of the f;ime
namet with a magnificent palace, a uni-
verfity, an arllnal, and a handibme hof-
pital. The fort refs ftands on an emi-
nence, and communicates with the city
by a ftonr bridge ; it includes tbe late

WYE

oplfcopal palace, and a church, fuppof-
ed to ne the oldeft in Franconia. Bi-.
(ide the cathedral, there are ftveral col-
Icgi.itc and parifh churches, collt-jrcs,
ahbies, and C(»nvent«. Here \* a canodn
and licll foundery ; alfo cloth iind ftuft
m;tnuf;K*liire3cft;ibiinied in the houfcof
corrc(5>ion. Wiirt/burg was t.iken, in
1796, by the French, who were defrat-
rtl htre limn after, ind the city retaken 5
btit they became maftc-ri of it ugain in
1800. It is (rated on the Maine, 40 m
w.'<w Bamberg, and 65 ksk Frankfort.
LoD. 10 14 B, lat. 49 46 N.

ff'urxach, a town of Suabia, in the
county of Waldburg, with a calllc ;
fimateon the Aitrach, 17 m n VVangcn,
and a8 9 by w Ulm.

JFurzen, or IVurtzfn, a town of Up-
per S.ixony, in iMifnia, with a caftle. It
was formerly a bifhop's fee ; and has a
cathedral and two churches. Here are
fine bleaching grounds for linen ; but
the principal trade is in beer, of which
great quantites are exported. It is
iituate on the Muldau, 15 m sLeipzic,
and 44 WNW Drefden.

IVufterhauJen, a town of Branden-
burg, in the Middle mark, feated on the
Spree, i_j m 9sk Berlin. — A not her, feat-
ed on the DofTe, 17 m kne Havelbcrg,
and 44 Nw Berlin.

Wtijfrath a town of Lower Snxony,
in the duchy of Luneburg, feated oti
the Dumme, nt its conflux with the
Jetze, 14 m H Danneberir.

ft'ijcontb, or High Wyconih, a borough
in BuckinghamOiire. governed by a
mayor, with a market on Friday. In
1744 a Roman tciTelated pavement was
difcovered in an adjacent meadow; and
near it are many corn and priper- mills.
It is feated on the Wyck, i z m sse
Aylefbury, and 31 wnw London.

A/j/f, a town in Kent, whofe market
is now difufed ; feated on the Stour, 10
m 8SW Canterbury, and 55 se London-

1Vi/e, or r*", a river of flolland, which
enters the Zuider zee, 5 m e Amfter.
dam, and forms the boundary between
N and S Holland. It is rather an arm
or bay of the Zuider zee, and vclTels go
out of it into the lake of Haerlcm, by
the river Spar.

Il'ye, a river that iffiics from Plyn-
limmon hill, in the s pan of Mont-
pomeryfliire, very near the fource of
the Severn. It crolTes the ne corner
of Radnorfhire, giving name to the
town of Rhyadergowy [Fall of the
Wye] where it is precipitated in a cata-
ract. Then flowing between this coun-
ty and Brecknockfhire, it enters Here-
fordftiire, pafling by Hay to Hereford,

k*»-«

I fiippof.
)l.i. U,.
era! cnl-

c.inndn
••nil fti,ft
houfcdf
ikon, in

<l<'ffat-
'ft.ikcii ;

'K'-iin ill
'. 40 m
aiikfort.

in thr

calllc ;
Vangcn,

of Up.
ftfe. It

li ha? ,1
icrc are
•n ; but
f which
' It is
jcipzic,

X AT

a few miletbrlnw which it rrccivrn tho
Lug ; it then flown by RuI'b and Mon-
muiith, niul ffparuting tho countirn of
Monmouth and Olouccl\«.-r, vntcii th«>
Severn, bflow Chepftow. 'i'liis river
iii n.ivigabic' aimnit to May, ami a ciii.tl
furmR a communication between it aiul
the Severn from llcrcfortl to Glou-
cefter.

ly't/l; fee fffU.

iVymondham, a town in Norfolk,
with a market on Friday, and a m.imi-
f.iiSlurc of ("mall wooden ware. 'I'lic
church is th«! «Mftt'rn part of an ancient
abbi y, and on its lofty ftetpk* was hung
Ket, the rebel, in the reiv;n of Kdwaid
VI. Here is a frtt'ltRool fouiKUil by
queen Klifabeth. It in 9 \x\ wh v Nor-
wich, and too NNK London.

Wyre, a river in Laneafliire, which
rifns 6 m se Kancafter, pad'es by Gar-
Aang, and enters tiie Irilli IVu, below
Puultun.

X.

Xabea, a feaport of Spain, in Valen-
cia, near the coallof the Mediteriaiuan,
44 m KE Alk:ant. Loii. o 3 i' , lat.

3H 48 M.

Xacca, or Sciacca, a feaport of Sicily,
in Val di Mazara, with an old c.iltle.
Here are iarge granaries for ihe rccop-
tion of corn, and manufa(Jture3 uf beiu-
tifui vafes. 'I'hc chief exports are corn,
fulphur, and barilla- In the vicinity are
celebrated hot baths. It isfeated on the
E coaft, at the foot of a mountain, 30
m SE Mazara, and 48 ssvv Palermo.
Lon. 13 ij E, lat. 37 35 N.

Xagua, a feaport o1^ the scoaft of the
ifland of Cuba, f-ated on a bay that
is 15 m in circuit, and furroundcd by
mountains. It is one of the fined ports
in the W Indies, 84 m s e Havana. Lon.
80 45 vv, lat. aa 10 n.

Xalapa, a city of New Spain, in the
province of Tlafcalu,and a bifhop's fee.
The richcft merchants of Vera Cruz
have houfes here, in which th<y enjoy
a cool retreat, while the coaft is almolt
uninhabitable from the great heals.
The inhabitants are eftimated at 13,000.
It ftands at the foot of a bal'altic moun-
tain, in a very romantic lituation, 50 m
wsw Vera Cruz. Lon. 96 55 w, lat.
19 30 N,

Xalijco, a town of New Spain, which
fives name to a diftri(5t, ii* the province
of Guadaiaxara. It is 14 m nw Com-
poftella, the capital of thu diftri*^.

Xativa, or <S/. Philip, a town of

\IC

Spain, In Valencia, with a handfnme
cliiirth and fevcral fine foiintaini. llav.
ing trtken the part of I harlci ill, in
1707, I'liilip V ord.red it to be demo-
lilliid, and a new t«)wn to be builtcalled
St. Philip. It is iVated on the fulc of a
hill, by the river Xucar, 34 m .sw Va-
lencia, and 50 NW Alicani. Lon. o 14 w,
lat y) ^ N.

\uvier, or Suhi, the cipital of the
kiiik'doin ot Wiii.lah, in Guinea. It is
populous, and a gnat market is held
every W tduelday and Saturday, at tho
diltanc.of a mile from the town, whi-re
Haves of both (exes are Colil, as well as
oxen, (help, dogs, hoj;s, filh.and birds ;
alio the v.iriou3 Cdnimotliiics of VVhi-
dah m.mulatiture, and every thing of
Kurop. an, Afiatic, or African produc-
tion. X ivii r is liatfd near the river
Liiphraies, about 7 in from the lea. Lon.
2 30 K, lal. 6 40 N.

Ximirr, a town of Spain, in Navarre,
the birthplaee of the celtbiattd KomiOi
faint and milfionary of that name. It is
31; m .><i; P.'mplona.

ArtT/Vr, St. a town of Paraguay, in
tlie pioviiice of La Pliia, 200 m w Rio
Jamiro. Lull. 50 6 w, lat. 24 o a.

Art«.../,a u.wii of Peru, noted for its
filver iniiM'8; leafed in ii fertile country,
on a liver of the fame name, 100 m e
Lima.

Xeml, a river of Spain, which rifes in
the K part of Granada, and flows by
Granada, Ltixa, and.Ecija, into the Oua-
dalciuiver.

Xeres, a town of New Spain, in the
province of Nicaragua, feated on a river
that flows into Fonleca bay, 70 m nw
Leon Lon. 88 ao w, lat. 13 %\ n.

Xeres de lot Cabalteros, a town of
Spain, in Kftremadura, feated near the
Ardila, 38 m s Badajoz.

Xerei de la J'onteroy a town of Spain,
in Andalulia, famous for the wine called
Sherry. It is feated on a rivulet, which
foon joins the Guadalcte, 38 m ssw
Seville.

Xeres de la Fontera, a town of New
Spain, in the s p.irt of the province of
Zacatecas, 80 m n by t Guadaiaxara.
Lon. I02 50 w, lat. a: 22 n.

Xeres df Cucidicvia, a town of Spain,
in Andalulia, feated on the QU'idiarn,
a8 m N by e Ayamonte.

Xerica, a town of Spain, in Valenci.',
on the river Morviedo, at the foot of ;.
mountain, on which are the remains of
an ancient caftlc, 15 m nw Segorbe.

Xerumet//ui, a. town of Portugal, in
Alentcjo, jS m .sw Badajoz, and 30 k
Evora.

Xitocoj an ifland of Japan, between

iiii

i\%

ft

y

VAN

Niphon anJ Ximo, 350 m in circum*
fcri'nc*'.

Ximrna, a town of Spain, in Anda-
lufia, witli ii fouiidcry for iron cauiions
and b.dU , litu.ite on the liili; of a IU< p
rock, nrar the Giiadiaro, 18 m nnw
Gibraltar.

Ximo, an ifland of J.ipan, tfic It-corid
in li/r and emiiicuci'. It is 450 m In
circuit and lies to the aw of Niphon,
from which it iti divided by a narrow
channel

Xixonat a town of Spain, in Valen-
cia, featcd among mountainn. in a coun-
try tiiat prodiic<'s excelUiit wine, and
the vainabi'- ding called Kermus. It is
15 m N Alicant.

Xiicar, a river of Spain, which rifi's
in the n t. part of NcwCaltile, pad'c* hy
Cucnza, and entering the province of
Valencia, runs into the gulf ot Valencia,
at the town of C'nilcra.

Xudnogrod, a town of TiirkiHi Croa-
tia, 17 m N Sebcnico, and J7 t Kzara.

Y.

Yacfita^ a fort of RufTia, in the go-
vernment of Irkuiflc, on the borders of
Ciined- Tartary, 48 m ssw Sclcnginfk.

i'adkin ; fee Pedee

yaik, Vaitjk', fee Uraly Vral/k.

Yakobjladt, a town of Courland,
fitiinteon theDwina, 75 m kph Mittan.

Yaioubo'vo, a town of RnfTia, in the
government of I'olotlk, with a caftlc.
Here, in July, 181 2, the RnlTnns de-
feated lh« French in a battle that con-
tinued thn e days. It is a6 m n by w
Polot'ik.

Yjiujli, or Jakutjkoi, a town of Si-
beri.i, in the government of Irkutfk,
C'ipital of a province of the fame name.
it has a w.o'.len fort, and is feated on
the Lena, r/jo m ne Iikutlk- Lon. 129
48 F,iat. 62 2 V.

YaU, the pital of a province of the
fame name, in the ifland of Ceylon, 56
m su Candy.

Yamburg, a town of Ruflia, in the
government of Peterfburg, lituate on
thcLtiga, 10 m e Narva.

Yamina, a town of Negroland, in
Bambar.i, near the river Niger, 66 m sw
Seeo.

Yay.g tcheoti, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in the province of Kiang-nan.
Its diftriifi is interfe^iled by a nuntiber of
cana!.-! ; and it carries on a great trade,
paiticalnrly in fait, which is made on
the feacoart of thrs juriicli(5tion. The
city ftunds on the left bank of the Kian-

V A R

ku, where the Imperial cami ernffts
that rivrr, 4H5 m « t'V K Peking. l.o,i.
118 34 r, lat. ^j %fi M.

Ytio-gan, a eity of China, of thi' Hilt
rank, in ihf province of Viin-nflti. hg
territory \s iiiterniixed with mountaiiii.,
fine f(»nltrf, ami fruitful valliin, ainl
produces ahuiidnnce .,1 mnflc. Nf.a the
city in .1 fait (prine, front which ii
niade very while lalt." It l« 100 m w by
N Yun-nan. Lon. 100 4 ^ K,lut. a? i:n.

Yao-tcheii^ a city of China of the fnit
rank, in Kiat;g-li, on the w fide of the
lake I'oyang, :co m s IVking. Lon.
] 16 40 >'« Ut. 29 H V.

Vnret a river in Norfolk, formed hy
the confluence nf (evcral ftreams that
rife in the heart of the country, It
p.ines by Norwich, and id navigable
thence to Yarmouth, where it eiitcr»
the German ocean.

Varknn, or Irhn. a town of Tartaiy,
in the country of C illigur, with a l,ir;;i'
palace, where llie khan of the FJuth
Tartars generally reiides. It has a con-
nderahli* trade, and ftands in a fertile
country, on a river of the fame nanii',
J 00 m sK r'a/hgur. Lon. 79 4 e, lat.
.}8 ^o M.

Yarm, a town in N Yorkfliirc, with a
mnrkct on Thiirfday, and a great trade
in corn and lead ; (cated on the Tt.'j,
17 m N by K Northallcrtoi|, and 239 n
by w London.

Yarmouth, a feaport and borough in
Norl'idk, giwcrned by a mayor, with a
market on Wediiefday and Saturday.
It i.s feated at ihc mouth of the Yare,
and has a convenient harbour, witli a
verycxtenfive quay. Its foreign trade is
confiderable, and it alio fendn fliips to
the Greenland fifhery. A great nuiii-
ber of herrings are cured here, and
under the name of red herrings, arc
cither confumcd at home, or exported
to Southern countries. Yarmouth is
much frequented for (ea-bathing. It
has two churches, and a very fpacious
market-place ; but tl.e ftreets, in gene-
ral, are very narrow. The number of
inhabitants was 14.485 in 1801, and
17,977101811. Off the mouth of the
harbour is a bar, which provents the
entry of Ihips of large burden ; and the
many fandbanks off tlie coaft form the
Yarmouth Roads, fo noted for frequent
fliipwrecks. Yarmouth is aj m k Nor-
wich, and 124 NE London. Lon. i 45
E, lat. 52 38 N.

Yarmouth^ a borough in Hampftiire,
on the Nw coaft of the ifle of Wight,
with a fortified caftle, and a convenient
quay. It is feated at the mouth of the
Yar, 10 m w Newport.

tin- fir It
1.111. Ill,

i'S iiiiil

N.„rthc

^lli(•|l J9

ni w hyr

H rj N.

thr full

c of the

I- Lon,

YEN

KirMdM^i a fcnport of Mafnirliiiri't*,
in Hitrndahle county, on the n l.'tt.' of
thn pcninfula of Cape Cod, 5 m utiw
li.irnlbhie lA>n. 70 ta w, Int. 4r 51 s.

Vorntouth, North, a town «)f tin- di-
llri(5t of M.iino, in Cumhcrlainl i-nmiiy,
on A linall river that (lows into Cafco
l).iy, 14 m s hy r. Portl.ind.

Yaru'iiti, .•» village of the kingdom of
Quito, nc.ir ;i plain of the famo name,
11 in NK Oiiiti». Thin plain was chol'cn
for the l).ilc of the opcr.itiouH for mi'.v
fnrliig an arch of the meridian, by UII0.1
aiitl the Fn-nch mathem-i'.iciaiis.

YnxU}/, a town in Huptiiigdonlhire,
with .1 mark»"t on TucJUay, and exfjn-
five barracks; feated on aw (^mini-nci-,
near Witilcfey-merc, .a m s Pi.terbo-
roiich, and 78 s London.

Vat/na>fglieoum, a town of Birrrah.
celebrated for the oil wolls in it« noinh
bourhood. which fiipply 'he v hole em-
pire, aiij many parts of India, witii
petroliiim. The inhabitants are cm
ployed in making j.irs to contain the
oil. It Itands on a creek of the Irra-
>viddy, 2B nn ••» by K Sillah-mew.

Ydjhd\ koYjtad.

Ye, fee iVye.

Yea, a town of Peru, In the audience
of Lima, vith a trade in ^lafs, wine,
brandy, &c. It is feated in a valley,
watert'd by a river, 50 m ksk Pifco, and
J 70 S8K Lima.

Ye/J, one of the Shetland iflands, to
the N of that cnltcd Mainlaml. It is 20
m long and 8 broad, and hai ffveral
good harbours. The only arahlc land
is on tho coaft, the Interior aftbrding
coarfe pafturage for Jhecp and beeves.

YeHow Hiver ', fee Hoan-ln.

Yellow Sea, or Leuoton^, a gu'f of
China, between th<r provinces of Pe-
tcheli and Chan.'ong on the w, and
the peninl'ulu of Corea on the E.

Yellow/lone River ; ft^e Uochejaune.

Yemen, a province of Arabia Felix,
comprehending the fined and moll ffr-
tile part of Arabia, and lying on the
coaft of the Red fea and Indian orean,
Millet is the grain chiefly grown ; but
the principal objecSt of cultivation is cof-
fee, which is all carried to Heit el Faki.
Nearly the whole commerce of the
country is carried on by Mocha, but
Sana is the capital.

Yenlkale, a town and fortrefs of Cri-
men, on the ftrait of Taman. The for-
trefs {lands on Ibme high cliffs e of t'le
town, and commands the pafllige be-
tween ^he Black fea and the feaof AlLph.
The vicinity abounds in antiquities.
It is 56 m E by N Caft'a. Lon. 36 32 e,
lat. 45 u N,

Y r z

yrnii'h or .htiiih, a LirfT*" r'vrr of ."^f-
Hrri.i, wliich ruiH from » to k, .uiil rii-
ttTH the Kroxcn ocean, to the k of thu
biy of ()l;y.

Yenifri .. , nrJeniJInl, n town of Sibcri.lt
in the province ot Tomflv, on the rivrr
Ycnifii. ,10 in KN», roiiiik. Lon. yj
35 K, lat. jH A N.

Yennf, a town of Sivoy, nrnr the
Rh'Mic, 1^ m N\v Chambi ry,

)'e»-it^f ft, a city of China, o''lhe firft
niik, ill Clu'ii li, 01, the ri*rr Vrn, v; '
in sw P.-k'iig. Lon loB 50 k, l.ii. ^6
44 N.

1 tn-pinif, a city of China, jjf the firft
rank, in F .klcii \ A'affd on ihi- br.iw of
a tnoiintaii), by ihe river Mmlio, Hjo
m s Peking. Lou. n6 54 f, lat. j6
40 V.

IV^-zMmm, acity of < hina, of the firft
r.ink, .! Chan-tong. Its dillrii'K vviiieli
ii cncloffd he'wten two :()nfu!tiable
riv( rs, is well c •Uiv.ated, and the inoiin-
tai;j8 covered with wood:!. It is 370
m s Peki'ig. Lon. 116 36 e, lat. .^j

44 ^,-

i fn-tc/ii-oii, acityofChina, of the firft
rank, in Tche kianp. In the neighbour-
hood are minen of copper, and trees
that yield an excll. lit varnifii, which,
when once dry, never m»lts aj^ lin, and
will bear boiling water. The paper
made here is in high elUein. It is 650

Lon.

1 19 14 t.

lat. 2(>

m ssK Pt'King.
3{) N.

Yen-tc/tinir, a town of China, in Chan-
ton},', where a kind of jilafs is made, fo
delicate, that it will not endure the in-
clemencies of the air. It is 45 ra bu
Tfirian.

Yeovil, a cnrporate town in Somcr-
ft.'tfliire, with a market on Friday. Here
are mannfadurcs of cloth and L'.ither
pl()vf3. and the trade in hemp and (bs
is confiderihie. It is feated on the Yeo
or Ivil, 20 m s Wells, and iij w by s
London.

Yi'fdtkhaJ}, a town of Ptrfii, in Far-
fiftan, on the confines of I rac- Apt-mi ;
fraled on a rocky emint ricf, 75 m .ssg
Ifpahan, and 130 n by w Shiias.

Yetholm, a town of Scotland, in Rox-
burgftiire, on the rivulet Bowmont, and
borders of Northumberland, 9 m se
Kell>.

YeTid, a city of Perfia, in Irak, on the
borders of Kerman. It has manufac-
tures of filk and cctton fluffs, fine porce-
laiii, and cr.rpets ; and i.s a plaie of
confiderablc trade. The inhahiiaiits are
eftimated at above 90,000, of whom
15,000 are Guebres, or worfiiippers of
fire. The city is deilitute of a wall,
aiKl the fort has a mean appearance.
3I'

«i

i'i

,i

»
I,

Y () II

Ciilllc iro Cotzc here, ind iUf Rrr;»tfft
part of its corn ii olitaincd Iruin tin*
vidiiity nf llp.i|i,iri. It i» ''tiMiff in a
findy ilrfcrr, contiRiioiit to a hi^h r.tnge
(if nionntainii, aoo tn K by ■ Ilp.thin.
Lon 36 10 K, Ut ,M ao n.

y'lo, a fciport of Peru, In the province
ef Ch4rc4(, 70 m N N w Arica. Lon. 7 1
tj w, hit. 17 j6«.

Yonktn, ;i lown of New V(»rk, In
Wtrll Chcfler county, on th« rivi'r lluil-
fon, 17 n» NN», New Vurk.

VoKtitt ;i department of Fr.incr, con-
taining p.trt oi the l.itcprovinci* of Hur-
guticly. It ia lo called from a river,
which rif<fl in thi? dopartmcnt of Nicvr«*,
flows by ChutcAU Chinon, Clameci,
Auxerrr, Joigny, and Sens, and join*
the Seine at Montercau. Anxrrrc ii
thecapiul.

Yorkt a city, the capital of York (hire,
and an archbifhop'n fee, with :i m.lrkct
on Tiirlilay, Th'irfday, and Sitnrday.
It is the i'.horaMhm of the Komans, and
many of their cofTms, urns, coins, 5cc<
have been found here. It has always
been coniidcred as 'he capital of the
North, and, in point of rank, as the fe-
cond city in the kingdom. Though
now furpaflcd in wealth and populouf-
neft by many of the more modern trad-
inff towns, it dill fnpports a confider-
able degree of confcqnenoe, and is the
refidencc of many genteel families. The
number of inhabitants was 16,145 '"
1801, and 19,099 in 18 11. 'I'he cathedral
of St. Peter, generally called the Min-
ftcr, is reckoned the larpeft and moft
magnificent Gothic ftrudure in the
world : the E window is faid hardly to
have its equal for tracery, painting, and

?re(ervation, and was the work of John
'hornton, a glazier of Coventry, in
1405. Befide the cathedral, York con-
tains 17 churches in ufc; though in the
reign of Henry v there were 44 parifli-
churches, 17 chiipels, mid nine religious
houfet. It is divided by the Oufc into
two parts! which are united by a ftone
bridge of five arches, the centre one 81
feet wide ; and the river is navigable
to the bridge for veflels of 70 tons,
although it is 60 m from the lea.
York is furround»'d by wall.s, in which
arc four gates and five poHerns. It has
a cadle, which was formerly a place of
great ftrength, but is now a county
prifon for debtors and felons. Near it,
oB an artificial mount, is Clifford's
Tower, a round (hell, faid by fome to
have been raifed by William i, but
others deem it a Reman work. It was
ufed as a garrifon in the civil wars, and
till the year i68j, whea the magaziiK

YO II

blowing up, retliiced It to Its prefcrit
form Without Boothtm b.ir ftoinl the
migniAcetit abbry of St. M.iry, fi»'t\'
mini of which remain, and on the liti
of part of It is the m.iiit»r 01 ri>y d pa-
luce, built by Uniry \iii, where Ic.
veral of the kpigi h.ivc lodiijed, though
it ii now neKlfiitetl. York i^ a county
of itfelf, govtined by a lord-n>.iyor ,
the prefix «»t loul bcin^ given by Ui-
chard n j and it :t county mvliulcit .\uifl\
IJberiy, in which are 3 s vill.igt!* .mil
h.imlets. The guildhall, Tiiiilt in 144ft,
is a grand llrne*tnre Cupported by two
rows of oak pillai i, e.ieh niilar a liii^lc
tree. The corporation built a manlioii'
houfe, in 1 7 i8. for the lonUm.iyor ; .md
among the other modern buililingsarc .1
noltte ad'enibly-honle, d' ligned by the
eirl of Hnrlington ; un cUg.int court-
houli', on the right of the caftle \ a
the.it re-royal, a county holpital, and an
afylum fir lunatics. York is 190 m
RSK Eilinburg, and 195 N by w Lon-
don. Lon. I 7 w, lat. 5) 5') N.

Ynrk, a city of Ifppir ('anada, and
the fe.it of government of that province.
It is iituate on the kw fide of Lake
()nt:ir!o, with an excellent harbour,
formed by a long peninfula, which
embraces a bafin of water fuificieiUiy
large to contain a confiderable flcvt.
On the extremity of the peninltila,
called Gibraltar Point, are Itorcs and
blockhoules, which command the en*
trance of the harbour ; and on the
mainland, oppofite this point, is the
gairifon. The government houfe is
about a m above the garrilbn, near the
head of the harbour, on a fpot wvll
fulted for gardens and a park. The
front of the city, as now laid out, is
a mile and a half in length : feveral
handlome fquares are projected, par-
ticularly one open to the harbour ; and
the buildings are increafing rapidly.
The river Don enters the harbour .1
little above the town, running through
a marlh, which, when drained, will
afford excellent paftuic York was taken
by the Americans in 1813, and while iu
their pofl^t nio.i ihey deltroycd all the
public edifices. It is 4? m nnw Fort
Niagara, and 140 w by s Kingfton. Lun.
79 36 w,lut. 43 35 N.

York, a town of Pennfylvania, oapi-
tal of a county of the fame name. It
has fix edifices for public wnrdiip, and
(lands on the Coc'orus creek, which
fiows into the Sufquehana, 88 m w
Philadelphia. Lon. 76 48 w, lat. 39 55 m.

York, a feiport of the diftridt of
Mainq, capital of a county of the (ame
name. The rivtr of its name enters

York h.ir

YOR

York hArbntir hrlitw ihf t^)wn. It(« 75
m NNK Bul(>>ii Lt»ii. 70 4^ w. |j|.

tori, Sfiu, oni* of the nnitid Stntct
of AircrUa, 400 in Icmik •(ikI .100 lirmul |
b<>unik'«l till the Nw aiul N by Upprr
Caniil t, *■ l>y V'ciinoMt, M.iir.ifhiilfri,
And C'liiiiciJUrut, n by thf Atl.iiitic
occani Ni'w Jriii-y, and IViinlylvaiii.i,
and w by the* lti*c uf Ohio. It it di-
vided into II countif't i namt-ly, New
Yi)rk. Uichmond, Suflulk, W.-lt did-
tiT, (^iiicn, KiiiK, ()r.^n^,M•, If liter,
Pnctiiiii, ( oliimbi,!, U< nnilacr, W.illi-
ingioii, ( linton, S;ir.itog.i| Alli.iiiy,
Moiitgomwry, llt-rkcincr, Olniultgo,
Otlego, Ontario, and 'i'ioj;.-!. Now
York, ill gint-r^l, is intcrfc^li-d by ridgi-a
of mount-iiiiH running in a ni :uul hw
diri'tJlion. Ui-yond .lit- Alliy.iiiy moiin.
taiiiH, howcvir, the country 11 (|iiitc
level, of a fiiif rich foil, eovcu-d iii ilj
natural (lati; with varioiH kiiuU of tue'i.
E'tft of ihrfc niountainii it \n broken into
lillh :ind valleys : the hillb an- thickly
clothed with timber, and, when cleared,
atford fiiK- pallnre ; and the v.illi-ysi
produce hemp, flax, peas, ^raf^i, o.itH,
maize, and whtat ; and of tiie lalt im-
menfe quantities arc exported, i hJH
ftate abounds with leveral fine lakes ;
and the chief rivers are the IIudl<)n niul
Mohawk. In iti 10 it contained 959,2:0
inhabitants.

yori, i\f<iu, a city of the United
States, capital of the llate of its name.
It Itandrt on the sw point of an ill and,
callcti Manhattan, at the conflux of
Hudfon and Daft rivers, .ind id /; m in
circuit. Surrounded on all iiilett by
water, it is refrcllitd by cool breezes in
fummcr, and the air in winter is more
temperate than in other places undir
the lame parallel. The ifland is 15 m
long, but not two where broadefl ; and
at the N end it is joined to the mainland,
on the w, by a bridge c died Khv^i
Bridge. There is no bafiii for the re-
ception of Ihips ; but the ro.ul where
they lie, in Eaft river, is defended from
the violence of the fea by lc)me i Hands
which interlock with each other. The
number of inhabitants was 23,814 in
1786, and 83,530 in 1807. Here are 16
churches, as many meeting-houles, and
a noble lemlnary of education, called
Columbia College ; but the moft mag-
nificent edifice is Federal Hall, in the
front of which is a gallery 11 feet
deep, where the illuftrious Wafhington
took his oath of office, at the com-
mencement of the federal conftitution,
in 1789. Here are alfo a large ftnte pri-
fon, numerous commercial and chari-

YO U

UbU Innitutions, IU«r4rycl» ibli(hmint«,
«C. The markets are will rrKuLiled,
and abund.mtly (iiuplhd with ever/
•inn in lu f.Mlfin, thu l.ind .ind w.it«r
affords. Ihls city, in timr «»f peace,
hu more co'iimercial hnlineii than any
other town in tlir (Fiiited State* i but
in time of w.ir i« inCccure, without .i
maritime force. It ii» 97 m w». |»hil.i.
delphi.i. Lon. 74 M w, lat. 40 40 n.

i'ori I'ort, ,\ fettlcmeiit of the Hud-
fon May Company, on the w Hde of
Hudfon biy, at tlie mouth of Nclfoii or
York river, l.on. HH 44 w. Iat. ^7 15 K.
Vork Hivfr, a river of Virginia, form-
ed liy the conflux of the rammiky and
M.«ttapony, 30 m above York Town,
below which place it enters Cheiapcak
bay.

1 nrk I'nvjn, a fe.iport of Virginia, ca-
|)ii.il <jf York c;)uiily, with the bcft
harbour in the (late for velltls of the
I.U|,'ell lize. Here, in i;Hi, the IJritifh
.'irmy wciv eipiuicd liy the cmibinctl
force of the United Slutt s and I'rancc.
It is (e.itfd on York river, near its en-
trance inio Cheiapcak bay, n m ft
Williinilbiirg. l.on. 76 5*w, lat. 37

) orJtjfjIrf, the larRifl county in I'ng-
land, lioiiiuleil (III the n by Wcftmor-
lanil and the lnliiopric of Durham, l
by tile (Scrcnan ocean, s by Lincoln,
ihiie, Noitinghamlliire, .nul l)erl>yfhir«(
sw by Chelhirc, w by LainMlhir.-, antl
Nw by W» Ihnorlaiid. It i'Xieiul'i <;o
in from n to s, and 115 from k to w,
and contains 3,848,3:0 aeivi. From
its;:;ieat extent it li.is been divided Into
three ridings, called the North, till,
ami VVel^ ; ii lubilivided into i6 wa-
pentakes, and 634 parilhes ; has on«i
city and f>o rnariiet-towns } nud fends
.^o member-i to parliament. The num-
ber of inhabitants was 85^,892 in 1801,
anil 973,1 13 in 181 1. The air and foil
of tills exteniivc county vary extrem'.:ly.
The 1: riding is lefa heaitliy than the
others ; but this inconvenience de-
creafes in proportion as the country
recedes from the li:a. On the hilly
parts of rhis riding, efpeciallv in what,
is called the York Wolds, the Ibil is
generally barren, dry, and fandy ; but
great numbers of lean flicep arc fold
hence, and fcnt into other parts to
be fattened. The w riding, which is
much the largeft, enjoys a fharp but
healthy air, and the land on the wcfttrn
fide is hilly, ftony, and not very fruit-
ful ; but the intermediate valleys con-
fift of much good arable ground, apd
palture for the largeft cattle. It aMb
produces iron, coal, lime, j«t, aliira,
3 F »

%

i

Y l»K

horfcii and goati. Here Iho clutliiittf
ntJinuiaAum principally n<>urilli. Thr
W ) "linf I in »ternT«l, rxcn-tU the othrr
twn in the Ttlubriiy of the nir. The
wintt parttt hirvd lc.in iMtilrt b'lt, on
.*i«* ll«ir« of th«' hilli, ill thr vollcyii iinit
pUint, it pruduct'i* KiHul corn, ami rich

Rnfture lor Ur^e cjitic Kichmund-
ilrct ill tl><^ Nw pirt t>r tliii riding, waa
formerly t county nT it (elf j here iiuny
lead mine* arc WDrlicd to \nrrin adv^n-
tasc In Yorktiliu' likewife arc the
diftri<5li of Il()ldi-rnf(«, on thr hnrH<-rt
of the Ilinnbrr ; I lvvc!4nd on the con-
fliici of Durham t and Crnven, on the
hordrriot Wcdmorland .ind I..inc»lhirc.
In thia laft dittri^l nrc three hi^h moun-
taina, namrd WhtTiititct Ingleluiroiigh,
and r«*nny^ant ) thry form a fort of
trianffle from their top!«, .it thr di(\.incra
uf About 5, fy. and H m, while their
monftrouii ba(ci nearly unite. 'I'hc
principal livrrs arr the Oulr, Don,
Derwnit, C.ilder, Air«', W.irf, Nidd,
Ure, and Hull, and tiny all terminate
in the iliiinbcr, which entera Uir 0«'r-
man ocian, between Yuikfhirc and
Linculnihirr.

Vo-tchcou, .1 city of Chin.\, of the firft
ranic, in Ilouqnang. It iat'cati-d on the
river Ki.ui-kn, and on the lake Tonp;-
ting, which Ih more than J o m in air-
cuit. Thr great niimbrr «)f barks and
mcTchandife that art* broui^ht hithrr,
render it one of the richfft cities of thr"
rmpirr* ; and the country rounJ it in
full of difliicnt kinds of oranec nnd
lomon trers. It is 700 in s by v/ Peking.
Lon. ti2 .15 R, iat. 29 a.i n.

Yoti<(halt, a borough and (eaport of
Ireland, in the county of Cork. It is
furrounded l>y wall<i, has a cnllegtatr
church, a commodlout harbour with a
wrll'defended quay, and a manufa^ure
of earthen ware. It lends a member to
parliament, and is fltuate on the river
Blackwater, near the entrance of a bay
to which it gives name, a8 m e by n
Cork. Lon 8 10 w, Iat- s 1 49 s.

Tprett * fortified city of the Nether-
lands, in Panders, and a bifliop's fee. It
has conHderable manufactures of cloth
and fcrges, which arc the principal ar-
ticles of trade ; and the canal of Bo*
Gngen, and the New CtJt, greatly ex-
pedite the conveyance of goods toNiru-
port, Oftend, and Bruges, ft was one
<ff the barrier towns belonging to the
Dutch, till i78r, wlien emperor Jofeph
n obliged them to withdraw their gar-
rifon. It has been often taken and re-
taken ; the laft time by the French in
1704. It is feated on the Ypcrlec, 15 m
w Courtray. Lon t 48 k, Iat. 5051 n.

VV K

\'>nx. Ail. •town of France, in tlt#
drpartntrnt of Tpjirr Virnne, on the
rivrr lllr, ao in « by w l.imoK**'

ly/Wyl, .inrong lown of tlir Nethtr-
land*, in the lllr of CairuKl, fiaicd on
(I branch of thr Scheldt, cdlrd thr Ulu-,
Mm* flluy«, and 18 nw dKiif

VjJtltOT /y/-/, 4rivrritl llollaiul, which
branchc* oH from thr Khiii**, Ulow
llrulfrn, mh\ flowintc by Doriburx,
/utphcn, Di-vnilrr, and C.impcn. vn-
trrs the '/nidrr /rr by two chaniuh.

V/ftl, or I. it t It Ijfil, a rivrr of Hol-
land, which fhiwt by YHMileln, Mont-
ford, Onitrw.itrr, and r.diidii, and en*
tern the M«'rwi* above Kottcrd.un.

>///, or (t/J l/tl, a rivir that rilii in
Weltphilii. in the duchy of CUvc,
flows by YflVlbnrg into the county of
Zntphcn, and inters thr Yllirl,at Du^f-
burg.

ij/'fll/urjf, a town of Wrftphalii, in
thr «liKhy of CIrvi, on the river YlFil.
14 in N W«(tl.

)j]ilitio>iili in ill.jnd of S Holl.iiul,
fiUi.ite briwrin the Merwc on Ihc »,
and .iinthrr bran :h of •In* Mculc on ilic
It. It ha.H a tov> 11 of the Cinu: name,
nearly .^ m w lloiienlam.

yjf'etjfin.. a town of 8 Holland, with
a ciftlc, on the river YlVel, 5 m »*vv
Utr.cht.

Yjtn,!, or YJjJed, a Icaport of Swi\Icfi,
in t^choiMii. on a bay of the Baltic, if>
m sv. Lund. Lon. 13 44 v., Iat. ^^

JJ N.

Tt/unr, A river of Scotland, in Aber-
dcenniiir, uliich erodes thf comity in
a HK d'icdion, and »tnter8 thr Gtrman
ocean, at ilic village of Newburg, 15 m
NNK Abertlren.

Yucatan \ lee Jucntan.

Yufn-kinni^t a city of China, of the
firit rank, in the province olYun-nan.
It (lands on the Ho-ti, 14s m ssvv
Yun-nan. Lon, loi 44 i', Iat. 23 37 v.

Yuen-tcfteout a city of China, of the
Rrd rank, in Kiang fi, 750 m 6 Peking.
Lon. 113 58 E, lut. a? 50 s.

Tueyiian^y a city of China, of the
firft rank, in Hou (|uang. It is fltuate
on the river Han, 515 m ssw Peking.
Lon. 100 30 E, Iat. 5a 50 N.

YverJui, a ftrong town of Swifler-
land, in Pays de Vaud, capital of a
bailiwic of the f.iine name, with a cai-
tic, a college, and an hofpital. Near
the town is a riiiphiirous I'prinp, with .1
comnuidious batliing-houfe. The prin-
cipal trade is in wine, and mcrchandil'e
parting between Germany, Italy, and
France. It has fomc remains of uonian
aiiiiquities, and ftands on the lake of
Keuchatel, at the influx of the Ofbc

Y V \

and Tlitcif, |8 m w»w Urrn. I,on. 6
39 k, Ul. 4644M.

Wtftt,* town uf France, in the ttr.
prirtmtnt of l.uwcr Stint, 7 m nkw

)^MM^i or /.flWf l)UnJ, «»n<' «>f thr Hi.
h«nt« iU.iiuU, Ml llic \V indii'i, lying at
ihi* wr I'xlirmiiy «»f tb • (Jri'jt H.ili.iiit.i
iMiik. It in 7 J in IniiK and R Itroul, arut
U inhabited. Iliiiilc othrr proiiucr,
much l4lt ii exported, chidly fium
(irr.kt lUrlititir, on the *. lUli- of the
illjiid I.011. 74 41 w, l,ii. aj i<i N.

TuiHftoi, a clulter of fmill ill.indi,
nmoiip thr n^humi ill iitd«, tying to the
»w ol Yiiina.

Vunit, a river of St Domingo, which
mr.tndcr* nnviKaiilc through 'he rich
pLiiiii ol'Vi'u.t and Cotiiy, and eiiteri
tite hrad of Marnanaliiy.

Vuij^'-nin^, ii city of Cliiiu, (.f the
firft 1.111k, nt the n extremity oftliepm-
vinci? t>f Yiin nan, on the |)()rilir» of
Til)it. It in ijo m N\w Yuntun.
Lon. too 14 K. lat- 27 50 n.

Yunr Pit ,\ city of I'iiitia, tif the fiifl
runic, III tlic province uf Yiiii-nan, '70
m NW Yim-iiin. I^oii. 100 34 r. Iitt.
a6 44 N.

Tufij^-/>inif, a city of China, of the
ftrit Miilt, ill IV-lchcdi, on a river thtt
enter* ihcgulfof Leao-toiig. Near it
AaiuU ihc fori Chun-hiii, which is llic
key of the province of LcHO-toin*. This
fort in near the iie)|;ini)in|j; of tlic great
wall, which is built for a Iim^iic to-
gether, in a boggy marfli, from ilic bill
walk to the lea. Yung-pin^ i» 1 15 m
E Peking Lon. 108 )4 k, Kit. .19 $(, n.

Yunx-tchang, a city of China, of the
firlt rank, in the province of Viin-inn
U Qands amid high muuntaiiKi, on the
bordvrs of the province, in the neigh-
bourhood of a fav;igf people, whole
manners the inhabitants of this country
partake of. The country produces gold,
honey, wax, amber, and a vaft (luaiiiity
of fine filk. It ib »io m w Yunn.in.
Lon. 99 2 K, lat. 25 5 N.

Yung tcheon, a city of China, of the
firllrank, in Hou-quang, 885 m .ssw Pe-
king. Lon. Ill 15 K, bt. :6 u v.

Tun-hing, a city uf China, of the firfl
rank, in ihe province of IIo nan, 430 m
•s Peking. Lon. 1 1.1 5a k, lat. 33 0 n.

Tun-nan, a province of ( hiii.1, at the
sw extremity, 300 m long and 150
broad ; bounded on the n by Tibet
and Se>tcheun, r. by Koeitcheou and
Qiiang-fl, s by ihe Kingdoms of Ton-
qiiin and Lao, and w by thofe of I'cgu
and Birmah. Its gold, coppur, and tin
minrs} its amber, rubies, fanphires,
:>gates, pearls, marble, mulk, ulk, ele-

ZA A

phant*. hnrfes, gumi, mrdicinil plmts,
on.j llnrn, h»ve procufrd it the- hijfheft
itpiilaiion |(» cornmerie ml nchu
•tv iinmcnle \ and it It deemed dliii oni*
or the mull fertile provhcci in the
empire

Vnn-nrtH, a city of Chim, rapitd of
the province of Yun-nm. It wai once
cel»'br4tri| for maKniftcrnl buildings,
V4(t g.udi'n*, tomlm, triumphal archei,
and eU.^.ini f.|iari«» J all of which h4«*
been deftroynl by the T4ttjr», in their
dilfercnt invafionii and the city at pre*
fcnt contain* nothing remirkable. It
ftamU at ihc n • xiremiiy «,f a UkC|
iifto m »t»w Peking. Lon. loa 30 k,
hit. 25 A N.

Turtu^, a town of Afi.ulc Turkey, in
Ciraminia, (caled on the Kiiil-c-muk,
nj m NK Cogiii. 1.011. j4 JO », lit.
.VMO ".

Tvn/, a town of France, in the tlc«
partnuiit of Eure, on the river turc»
i<> n\ 1 Kvrcux.

Z.

7.mL, n diftrlft of Algiers, in the
deferi, behind Mount Atlas, belonging
to the province of Conltanti-ia. The
people of '/\ab .ire tree, and pay no
tribute : they are p,,or and indigent, ,u
it m ly be exp.-eted of fhe inhabitants of
fo barren a foil. Dite-* are ihcir prin-
cipal iirticic ;.f food ; and they hav*!
(Xit'iilive plant itions of pilin trcesi.
They cirry on I'ome commi ice in Ne«
groi .ind oltriclies fi'athtr>. Small
Iro )ps of the poorcfl of them every
year wander forth to tiie larj^er ciii''» of
the kingdom, wher' they get « luploy-
(d in various li-ivices; and h.iviiig,
in the courfe of twi) or tlirec years,
accumulated from fix to ten /.celling,
return home, and are reckoned among
the wealthy of liie land. In tin- capital,
they are known by the tianu' of Bifc.iris,
and conltitnte, undor a CMnmoii head,
a Uiiidofdiftind eoipor.it'oii: hey have
I'vcn a com non triMlory for the pur-
pufe of mutu lily itlieviiig tach other.
They are the only cl.ifs offne (Irvaiiis,
and are fpi|ucntly en, ployed in tl;*:
houfp) of the Kiiroprans, being very
ufcful to ihem ; as bvTulethe laiifjii.ige
of the country, they fpea!; the Lingua
Franca. All the inh.ibitants of Ziab
arc dog-eaters ; and, in gnieial, nrithcr
fcrupulous nor fqucimin) ^itli regard
to their food. 'Ihe villages which the
Uilcaris inhabit in their native country
are fmall, all fimllar to one another,

1

I

I

Z AC

«nvl rom.iilinMe only for .lirtircf% nnd
poverty. Tl)c cliicf placi- of the dillritft
\i Biicara.

Zaara, or the Dfprt, ft vaf> country
of Africa, iijoo m in length by 800 in
bn-adth ; Loiindcd ou tlit- N by B:«r-
bary, R by Fc//:in and Caffina, s by
Ncgrolaiid and Fouli, nnd w by ilu^
Atlantic oct'an. Tlie .'.ir is very hot,
but vv'iolcfonai; to the tiativf;i. The
foil is gontialiy f.jidy and barren ; but
thfiP arc vcnhanl v;ill<,7fi in whicli w;i,i*r
I'ilhcr fprings or (lHj,fnates, md it. ii
brtro and there inttrrpcrL'd with fpotu
of afloniHiing fertility, which urt?crov.rt-
«'d with iiihabJtanl?. Thcfc fertile tpot"'.
in the di'l'ert ;ue cr.lltcl oafcs, or iflands,
benring (orniMciLMnblaucc to illandsin
thi^ icA J and thty abound molt in the
northern and cattern parts: but the
fmallcr ones arc not alwp.ys pcrmanrnt j
for a furious wind from the defert,
bringing along uitli it an immcnfc '.[uan-
tities of fand, fonietimeii ovcrwhchns an
oahs, and reduces it to barrtnnel's.
Tlufe oales are formed into a number
of ftates, governed by petty princes ;
and tlioie of wliich Ibmc intelligence
huS been obtained, are noticed in this
work in their proper places. The in-
habitants, confiding of various tribes,
are wild and ignorant ; and the Moha-
medan religion is profefled throughout
the country, uniefs where they ap-
proach the country of the Negros.
They maintain toward each other the
maxims of apparent hofpitality, but a
Chriftian is every where odious. Their
language is chiefly a dialed of the
Arabic; and their only intercourfe with
other nations is carried on by the cara-
vans which periodically traverfe thefe
immenfe deferts. The Zaara abounds
in antelopes, wild boars, leopards, apes,
oftriches, and ferpents. There are few
horfts and beeves ; but many Iheep,
goats, and camels. Much fait is pro-
duced in the defert, which the Arabs
carry into Negroland, and bring back
provifionsjblue cotton cloth, and flaves.

Zabin;iieZembia-

Zabotay a town of Tranfylvania, on
the confines of .Moldavia, 5 m sw Neii-
mark.

Zacaiecas, a province of New Spain,
in the audience of Guadalaxara; bound-
td on the n by New Rifcay, f. by Pa-
nuco and Mechuacan, and sw and w
by Guadalaxara. It is a mountainous
and arid country, bu* abounds with
large villages, and its mines are deemed
am ing the richelt in America.

Zacntecas, a city of New Spain, ca-
pital of the province of the fame namci

Z A M

and a bidinp'j fee. The population i<
upward of j.noo- It i« Airroundtd hy
lifh lilvr riMncs, and 160 m nne Ciia-
da'axara. Lon. 101 15 w, lat. 2a 56 n.
Zacntula, a f apoit of New Spain,
in the province of Mixico, on a river of
the (arr.e nanc, B«'ar the I'acific ocean,
7..VJ in vvsw Mcxic'.y. I.on. loi 45 w,
hit. It', o N.

7.(trli(i>ii a t(wn of Further Pomc-
ranin, n m li New Stargard.

ZaJonetx, a town of Ruflla, in the
poveriimcnt of Vc^onet'/, with a fort ;
fcated oil .1 hill, on the left bank of the
Divn, 50 m .V Voroiif t/.

Znfra. a town of Spain, in Ellrema-
dm.i, with a cattle ; feate;'. at the foot
of a mc^untain, neur the river Qua-
daxicra, 20 m sw Medina.

Za^cra, a mount. lin of b-uropcari
Turkey, in Livadia, one of the tops of
mount ParnalTus. It was the ancient
Helicon, from which itrued'the foun-
tain Hippocrene, and was facrtd to the
Mufcs, who had here a temple.

Zctfrfiaray a town of Negroland, in
Boriiou, on the river Fittrce, 170 m se
Bornou.

Zaqon'a ; fee Develte.
y.agrab ; fee 'Agram,
'Laftara, a town of Spain, in Anda-
lufla, with a citadel; feated on a craggy
rock, 42 m SE Seville.

Zahua, a town of the duchy of Sax-
ony, 6 m NE Wittenberg.

Zaina, a town of Algiers, in the pro-
vince of Conftantina, fuppofed, from
fome confiderable ruins, to have been
the ancient city of Zama- It is a8 m se
Seteef, and 46 sw Conftantina.

Zaine, a river of Barbary, which fe-
parates the kingdoms of Algiers aid
Tunis, and enters tlve Mediterranean at
the illand of Tabarca.

Zaire, a river of Congo, which rifes
in the kingdom of Matamba, flows n
to the extremfc borders of Congo, whert
it turns to the w, then ftparates the
kingdoms of Loango and Congo Pro-
per, and enters the Atlantic ocean be-
low Sogno.

Zaldmea, a town of Spain, in AndaUi-
fia, 13 m N Niobla,and f,8 wnw Seville.
Za/amea, a town of Spain, in Ellre-
madura, anciently called Ilapa. It has
many veftiges of its former fplendcur,
and 18 38 m SB Mcrida.

Zamora, a city of Spain, in Leon,
and a biihop's fee. In the environs
fine turcois ftones are found. It is
feated on a hill, by the river Doiiro,
over which is a bridge, 32 m n by w
Salamanca, and 146 nw Madrlik Lon,
5 56 w, lat. 41 50 N. '

;? A N

Tamora, a town of the kingdom of
Qnito. In tho ncighboiirhood arc rich
»nmes of gold. It is fcatcd iicnr the
Andes, 2 JO in s Quito. \.nn, 78 :o \v,
Lat. 46 s.

Zamora, a town of New Sp;iin, in
Mtchoacan, 60 m K»v Mcchoacan.

Znn/nra, A town of Algiers, in the
province of Conftantina, 250 m w Ha-
niamct. T,on. 6 15 b, lat. 36 aa n.

Znmn/ii, a town of I'oiand, in the
palatinate of Belt/., with a citadel, a
cathedral, and leveral other churches.
It is 37 m ssw Chelm, and 44 wnw
Beltz.'

Zampa/jot a town of New Spain, in
the province of Mexico, foited on a
fmalllakc, 30 m M Mexico.

Zntifara, a kingdom of Negroland,
to the .^"^of Zegze^, between C'aflina
and Bornou. The inhabitants arc tall
in ftaturc, of a very black complexion,
with broad faces, and favage difpofi-
tiona. The capital, of the (itme name,
fcands on a river that forms a lake n of
Ghana, .ind then flows through that
city into the Niger. It is 230 m nb
Ghana, and 450 wsw Bornou. Lon. 16
o F. lat. 18 30 X.

ZstKifuebar, a country on the c coaft
of Africa, between 3 n and 9 s lat. It
includes feveral petty kingdoms, in
which the Portuguefe have fettlements.
The inhabitants are all blacks, with
curled woolly hair ; and, except thofe
converted by the Portuguefe, are either
Mohamcdans or pagans, the latter much
the more numerous. The principal ter-
ritories are Jubo, Melinda, Mombaza,
and Quiola. The Portuguefe trade for
flaves, ivory, gold, oftriches feathers,
wax, and drugs. The inland coun'ry
is reprefented as lying low, aad inter-
fered wi':h woods, forefts, marlhes,
lakes, and rivers, the latter, for the
raoft part, covered with weeds and
thickets; all which fo infedt the air,
that the piodudts of the earth are cor-
rupted, and the inhabitants fickly and
indolent. But here are rich mines of
gold, eafily got ; by the help of which
grain, roots, fruits, &c. are purchaled
from other parts.

Zante, an ifland in the Mediterranean,
near the coaft of Morea, 17 m s of the
iHand of Cephalonia. It is 14 m long
and % broad, and forms part of the re-
public of Seven Iflands. The principal
riches confift in currants, which rival
thofe of Corinth ; and i' has fpritigs of
petrolium that have been celebrated for
ages. Here are alfo the fineft peaches
in the world, with other choice fruits,
apd excellent wine and oil. The na-

Z AT

tivps fpoak both (Jrcek and Italian,
though there are very few Koman ca-
tholics among them ; hut they have a
billiop as well a'' the (Ireeks. Hire arc
alioiii 50 vill.tces, but no other town
than Zante, which m fortified, and has
a good harbour on the e iide of the
ifland. Lon. 20 ^0 E, lat. 37 43 n.

Zanzibar, an illandin th<' Indian fca,
on the coaft of 7 Kuebar. between the
iflands of Pemli aid Monfia, tributary
to Portugal. It abounds w fugir-canes
and citrons. The inhabitants are Mo-
hamcdans. Lon. 41 o K, lat. 608.

Zaruy a feaport of Dalmatia, capital
of a county of the fimc name, and an
archbifhop's fee, with a citadel. The
harbour, which lies to the n, is capa-
cious, fife, and well guarded ; and the
citadel is divided from the town by .1
deep ditch, hewn out of a rock. Near
the church are two fluted columns of
the Corinthian ordei, fuppofed to hav«
been part of the temple of Juno. Zara
is feated on a fnall pcninfulo, in the
gulf of Venice, 70 m nw Spalatro..
and I ^o SE Venice. Lon. 16 6 t, lat.
44 30 N.

Zatianj^t or IhoJImk, a city of Peifia,
capital of Segiftan. The modern city,
called Doolhak, is fmall ana compaft,
but the ruins cover a vaft extent of
ground. It itands in an open country,
about 8 m from the river Hcrmund,
which flows into the lake Zerch. The
vicinity affords good pafturage, and
wheat and barley in fuflicient quantities
to be lent to Herat. It is 140 m 3 by e
Herat, and 500 k Ifpahan. Lon. 61 20
E, lat. 32 15 N.

Zar'iky a town of European Turkey,
in Morea, ji m e Mifilra.

Zarko, a town of European Turkey,
in Thelfaly, feated in a f'nc plain, 22 m
wsw Larilla.

Zarnata, a town of luiropean Turkey,
in Morea, feated on an eminence, 20 m
wswMifitra.

Zarnaw, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Sandomir, 3; m n Sau-
domir.

Zarnowitz, a town of Pruflia, in Po-
merelia, on a bay of the Baltic, 38 m
Nivvv Dantzic.

Zajlniv, a town of Poland, in Vol-
hinia, feated on the Horln, 30 m nnw
Conftaiitinow.

Zatmur, a ftrong town of Hungary,
capital of a coun'y of the fame name.
It is feated on a fmall like formed by
the river Samoa, 50 m t by s Tockay,
and 130 E Buda. Lon. zz 34 t, lat. 47
50 N".

Zator, a town o* Pu^and, in the

I

i

'i

Z K A

palalinAte of Cracow, with a caftic j
lirtlcd on an eminence, nt-ar the river
Viftiila, lo m sw Cracow, and 50 bK
Ratibnr.

Zuwe/t, a town of Perfia, in the pro-
vince of KhoraCan, fiUjate on tin* Ti-'d-
jcn, 20 m from the Calpian fca, and 8«
N Mefclictl.

Zawi/a ; li.c Zuecla.

Zharait a town nf Poland, in the
palatinate of P>do!ia, :8 m u Zborow,
and 6!^ n l)y vv K.iniinircU.

Zh'jroiV', A town of Poland, in the
palatinati- of l.i rnbiirg- litre, in 1649,
John Ciliniir, kiii}: of Poland, with
20,000 men, vvai aftacl«(d by 110, coo
CoUacli;! and Taitais, for thret- days
futceflivcly, but itettndcd himfelf 1()
bravely, ihit the huttr CDPlentcd to
terms of accommodation. Zborow is
5; m K by s Lemburg. Lon. 15 46 e,
lat. 49 46 N.

Zca, or Ziia\ feeZ/Vi.

Z:'ohi>id, or Zeelahd, an ifland of
Denmark, of a trianj,"ilar form, 230 m
in circuit. It is the larjitll of the ifle8
of the Baltic f< a, and lies at its entrance,
having the CaU>Mt on the n, the Soimd
on the E. .ind the Great Reli on tho w.
The codl is mncli inierf(<fted by large
bays; and within the conniry are Icve-
ral Jakes, whieli, as well as the rivers,
abound in fifii- It is t vccedingly fer-
tile; piodnciup grain of all forts, with
excellent paftnre, and in mod piirts
plenty of wood, it is particularly
famous for its breed of hcrfes. Copen-
hagen is the capital of this ifland, and of
the whole kingdom.

Zealand^ a province of Holland,
bounded on the n by the iflcs of Hol-
land, E by Dutch Brabant, s by Flan-
ders, and \v by the (German ocean. It
is compofed of fevcral iflaiids, the prin-
cipal of which are W.'lchcren, Schowen,
N and S Bevelai;d, Toien, Duyveland,
and Wolferfdike. The inhabitants are
at a great cxpcnfc lo defend themfelves
from encroachments of the fea, in keep-
ing up their dikes. The river Scheldt
forms the mod of thefe iflands, and the
{oil of thtm is fruitful. The principal
towns are Middleburg and Fiuftiintr.

Zealand, New, an ifl.ind in the Pacific
ocean, difcovered by Tafman, in 1641.
He traverfed the e coaft from lat. 34
to 43 s, and entered a ftrait ; but being
attacked by the natives, foou after he
came to an anchor, in the place to
which he gave the name of Murderers-
bay, he did not go on fhore. He called
the country Staten Land, though it has
been generally diftinguifhed in our maps
by the name of New Zealand. From

ZEA

the lime of Tafman, the whole country,
except that part of the coalk fecn by
him, rcmaiied altogether unknown,
and was by 'iinny hippofnl to make
part of a fouthern contint-nt, till 1770,
when it was circi' mavigated by Cook,
who found it to confitt of two large
iflands, (eparated by a ftialt four or five
leagues l)'o.)d, to which he give his own
name. On the w fale of tliis (trait is
Quten Charlotte Sound, v;Iiic 1 was a
pl;>ee of vendezvoiis in his <id)(u|uont
voyiIgc^. The coalts are indenud by
deep bay!=, and there are alfo fivcral
rivers, capable of receiving larye vcifels.
The foutiiernmoft ifl and is for the molt
part monntainous and barn n. as far in-
land as the eye can reach ; hut tl.e land
bordering on the feacoalt \h clotlud
thick with wood. The nnrtiicrnmoft
idand has a much better ai pearanee;
for the hills and mountains are covered
with wood, and every vallry has a ri-
vulet of excellent water The foil of
thefe valleys, and die plains, of which
there are many overgrown with wood
is in general light, but fertile. The
winders are milder than in Kngland,
and the fumniers not hotter, though
more equrlly warm. There arc forefts
of vaft extent, full of the (Iraighteft and
largeft timber, fit for buildings of any
kind IVih' celery, and a kind of crefTes,
grow plentifnily in almoft every cove.
Yams, I'weet potatne-;, and cocoas, are
raifed by cultivation. Cook, in 1773,
planted feveral jpots of ground with
European garden feeds; and, in 1777,
in feveral of thefe fpots, although to-
tall/ negledled and overrun by weeds,
were fbund cabbages, onions, leeks,
purflain, radiflies, muftard, &c. and
?. few fine potatoes, greatly improved
by change of foil. In other places every
thing had been rooted out (o make
room for temporary villages. The only
quadrupeds are dogs ai^d rats : the
former are domeftic, and for food ; and
the latter, though not numerous, feem
alfo to he eaten. The birds, like the
vegetable productions, are almoft en-
tirely peculiar t«. ("lie country. Cook
introduced European poultry, and, on
his laft vifit, had the latisf.idion to find
them increafed, both in a wild and do-
meftic ftate, beyond all danger of being
ever exterminated. The men are ftout,
well made, and flefliy ; but none of
them corpulent, like the inhabitants of
Qtaheite ; and they are exceedingly vi-
gorCi/s and adtive. The women poffefs
peculiar graces of form and perfon.
The bodies of both fexes are marked
with black ftains, called amoco, whict^

■^ the fame .1'
i'hcir dreffl co
iTiciit, about ii
oroad: they I
jviT their ihon
breaft wuh tht
vers the l"'<ly
is again tied w
ornament the
pearl (h.'lls, b
fometimes we
teeth, or bum-
of bones or (
milcrabl'' lod,;;
furniture i-*
which tiiey p>
Othe fifl.-s.
offitt); and
the root of 1
fcorch over it
a ftick till th
fide their doj;
biids. Tticn
in roafting ai
performed ii
Otaheite. T
with the m;
feeding cotr*
of their perf
pars, in lat.
leagues, to I
acknowledgt
ratii, and nn
chiefs, to wl
but whether
or delegated
the coaft is
tillage, wea\
peace, bcin
praftifed.
rated, the ]
and the clol
any where
are fcattere
families, 01
in a ftate <
fiich contir
banquet th
tory, amoi
mild and
reafon can
(irft origir
perpetuate
by revenge
little roorr
are cannl
between 1
and i8o e
Zdb'uU ''
vinceof \
fiderable,
and the ji
py the \\2
feated on

at Otalicito
' n ol)long jjar-

Id the fame a» tatooing
i'licir drefs cniiiitts <it
tncnt, about live fcc-t lon^' and four
Inroad: ilx'V briiip two cirners of ii
jviT thrir ilioiil'I'TH, and f,i(l»'n it on the
bread wall the other part, whicli co-
vers the li'idy; and aboiit the belly it
is again tied with a i^irdie of in it. They
ornament their hrada with feiihcvs,
pear! ihi'Ma, b mrs, J^'r. The women
fometimes wear nec'du'cs of (harks
teeth, or bunches of long beads made
of bonc.M or Mu'lls. Tlii''r houfi'si ir*;
miferablr lod;5'njj placs; and their oidy
furniture in a fe»v I.jiall baikcts, in
which tiiey put tht'ir fvhiiig hooks and
othf frifl.-s. Their fnod cotififl iiiifly
offitti; and inllcad of breao, tlieycat
the root of t kind of fern, which they
fire, and then beat with

fcorch over c'le

a ftick till th'.' dry out'idi* falls ofT. Be-
fide thrir doj:" tney alio contrive t') kill
biids. Their co'M;ery confiits wholly
in roafting and baking, which latter is
performeii in the liinv manner as at
Otaheite. The women e,it in common
with the men, and their method of
feeding cotrefponds with the nuftinefs
of their perfons From Cape Kidnap-
pers, ill lat- ^9 4i, for upward of Ho
leagues, to the nor'hward, the people
acknowledge one fovereign, called Te-
ratii, and under him fevcral iiibord.natc
chiefs, to whom great . .'I'pjcJl is paid;
but whether his authority be hendiiary
or delegated is uncertain. This part of
the coaft is much the mod populous;
tillage, weaving, ;ind the other arts of
pi.'ace, being bell known, and moft
pradtifcd. The canoes are more deco-
rated, the plantations more numerous,
and the clothes and carving finer, than
any where elfe. In other parts, they
are fcattered along the coaft, in (ingle
families, or in larger tribes, and each
in a ftate of perpetual hoftilily. For
fuch continual wars, and the inhuman
banquet that is the coniiquence of vic-
tory, among a peoph^ in other refpeif's
mild and gentle, perhaps iio hotter
reafon can be afllgned, than what at
tirft origimted in neccfiity, has been
perpetuated by habit, and exafperated
by revenge- Upon the whole, there is
little room to doubt that thcli; pjople
are cannioals. Thefe two illauds lie
between lat. 34 and 48 s, and Ion. 166
and 183 E.

Zebidy a city of Arabia, in t!ie pro-
vince of Yemen. It was once very con-
fiderable, but the walls are dt nn.oliflied,
and the prefent buildings fcarcely occu-
py the half of its ancient extent. It is
i^iateU on a river, i o m from the Red

y V. T,

lea, and 140 n Mocha. Lon. 44 aR e,
lat, 15 10 N.

Zeliu, or Sehtif one of the l'hilippin«'
iflands, between thole of Ltyta and
Ncgr(w. It is ,4:, n\ long .md %o
broad, and has a town of t!ic I'lmu
name, on the Kcoaf\. Lon. i?,j so k,
lat. 10 36 N.

'/-(•rlicy a town of Rirbiry, in tin-
country of Tripoli, fcated on a bay of
the Mediterrnix'an, 1:0 m SK Tripoli.

'/ngriUn, or Sxej^cd, a Itron*; town of
Hungary, with a trade in iait,' tobacco,
wool, and corn. It is lituatc (m the
TheilTe, oppofite the inlUix of the
M.iro;,, 65 m NwTemefwar, and 98 s--
IVft. Lon. ao 25 e, lat. 46 a© n.

y-r^zrg, a kingdom of Ncgroland, to
the N ot Zanfara, beiwern CafPna .ind
Bornou. It conftfts partly of pj.iins and
partly of mountains; the former abound
with water, and are exceedingly fruit-
ful. The capital is of the fame' name,
3-!o m NE Cafiina. Lon. 16 o e, lat.

iO 45 N.

Ze/idenick, a town of Brandenburg,
in the U.kcr mark. Here is a foundriy
foi mortars, bombs, and cannon-ballb,
which are lent to diflaiit provinces.
The Ilavel becomes navigable at this
pl;ice It is 30 m n Berlin.

y'ti/a, a feaport of the kingdom of
Ad^;l, and a place of confiderable trade.
It (lauds on the ftrait of Babelmandcl,
170 m N N K Aucagurel. Lon. 44 55 e,
lat. II 15 s.

Zeil, a town of Franconia, in the
principality of Bamberg, feated on the
Miine, 10 m nw Bamberg.

Zeil, a town and caRle of Suabia,
(^•ated on the Aitrach, 4 m n Leut-
kirch.

Zftla, a feaport of the kingdom of
Add, on a bay of the Arabian fea. Lon.
44 22 F., lat. I I 9 N.

Zciton, a town of European Turkey,
in Thtflaly, and an archbiihop's fee,
with acaftie; (ijaied on a gulf of the
fame nnmc, near the river Eayladi, 50
m ssK l/nilFa, and 6a n Corinth.

Zdiz, a town of Upper Saxony, in
the duchy of Naumbuig, with a c.tftle,
and a collegiate church. It has cloth and
(tuff manufadurcs, and is feated on the
EMtcr, 23 m ssw Leipzic

Zeil, a town of Lower Saxony, ca-
pital of a duchy of the fame name, in
the pripcipality of Luncburg. it is
fu rrounded by ditches and ramparts, on
which are planted cheftnut and lime
trees; and has manufadures of fnufF,
wax, and hats. The high courts of ap-
peal for all the territories of the eledloial
houfe of Brunfwick-Luneburg were held

ZEN
herp ; and nlfo the dicta for tl.o princi-
pality, 'i'he caftle, lurrnundrd by ii
tnoat> Tvas formerly the rcfidonce of tin;
dukes of Zell ; and was repaired by
George m of England, for the refi-
dencf of his unfortunate fiftcr, the
queen of Denmarlr, who died here in
1775. Zcll is feated on the Aller, at
the influx of the Fufe, 28 m ene Ha-
nover, and 40 ss'v Luneburg. Lon. 10
14 E, lat.sa4a n.
Zell, a town of Suabia, lately im-

Eerial, feated in the vale of Hamaierf-
ach, on the river Kintzig, 18 m sk
Stralburg.

Zell^ a town of France, in the depart-
ment of Rhine and Mofelle, lately of
Germany, in the eIe<florate of Treves ;
feated on the Mofelle, 5 m mnb Trar-
bach.

Zell in the Ptnzgau, a town of Bava-
ria, in the duchy of Salzburg, feated on
a lake, 30 m w KadlUdt, and 34 saw
Salzburg.

Zell in Zi/lert/ia/, a town of Bavaria,
in the duchy of Salzburg, feated on the
Ziller, 24 m E Infpruck, and 52 sw
Salzburg.

Zellerfeld, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Brunfwick, with a mine-
office, and a mint in which 2001000 dol-
lars are auiuially coined- It (lands in
the Ilartz foreft, 9 m ssw Godur.

Zeluia, a town of Lithuania, in the
palatinate of Novogrodek, 50 m wsw
Novogrodek.

Zembiriy or Zaiin, a town of Lithuania,
in the palatinate of Minik. Here, on
Nov. 2H, 18 12, the remnant of Bona-
parte's army that had crofled the Bere-
zina from Vafelcvo, was attacked by
the Ruffians (from IBorifow) and pur-
fued nearly to Molodegno. Zembin is
14 m Nw Borifow, and 36 ne Minflc.

Zempiin, a town of Hungary, capital
of a county of the fame name, ftated on
the Bodrog, 25 m se Caffijvia, and 27
NE Tockay.

Zengan, a large town of Perfia, in
Irak. It is the capital of a rich diftri(ft,
which pays no revenue, but furnilhes
the king with 5000 horfemen, who are
paid, fed, and clothtd from its own
produce. It is 160 m wNw Teheran.
Lon. 48 15 I'., lat. 36 26 N.

Zenguia, a town of A fiaiic Turkey,
in the pachalic o*^ Aleppo, (Ituate on the
Euphrates, 55 m nne Aleppo.

Zenta, a town of Hungary, memora-
ble for a fignal vidtory gained, in 1697,
by prince Kugene over the Turks, com-
manded by emperor Muftapha 11. It is
feated on the Theyfle, 5a m n Belgrade,
and s» w Temefwar.

ZTF

Zerhj}^ a town of ITppw Sajioiiy, in
the ptincipality of Anhalt, with a fine
caftle. h is famous for good beer, and
has manufactures of gold and Hlvtr.
This town is the largeft and fined in
the principality, and jo m nnw DiiTaij
Lon. 12 ao I, lat. 52 a n.

Zerea, a town and fortrefs of IVrfia,
in the province of Farfiftan, iH m nni
Shiras.

Ztrehy or Zerreb, a lake of Perfia, ex.
tendinjj on the borders of Segiftan and
Choralan 100 m in length and so in
breadth. It is principally formed hy
the rivers Hermund and Ferah, and in
the dry <eafon refembles more a rnarfh
than a lake, being covered with nifhtii
and reeds. It abounds w!ch fifli niul
wild fowl ; and in the centre ig an
inand,on which is a town, called Koolc-
hozerd.

Zetland IJlandi ; fee Shetland.

Zeulen, a town of Franconia, in the
principality of Bamberg, on the rivrr
Kotach, 21 m ne Bamberg.

Zeulenroda, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Voigtland, with manufailures of
ftuffs and (lockings, 14 m nw Plauen.

Zej/bo ; fee Seiio.

Zia, or Zea, the ancient Ceos, an
idand of the Archipelago, to the s «f
Negropont, 15 m long and 8 broad. It
belongs to the Turks, but moll: of the
inhabitants are Greeks, anil have a
bidiop. It abounds in barley, wine,
and iilk ; alfo a ibrt of oak, called ve-
lani, whole acorns are the bed trading
commodity of the ifland, being uled by
diers and tanners. The principal town,
of the fame name, is feated on an emi-
nence, and has a good harbour, on the
w coalt. Lon. 34 24 e, lat. 37 48 n.

Ziegenliali, a town of Silelia, in thn
principality of NeiiTe, with fcveral
founderies, and a manufadlure of ex-
cellent glafs- It is ieated on the Biela,
10 m s Neiire.

Ziegen/iat/n, a fortified town of Ger-
many, in Lower Heffe, with a fine
cadle belonging to the prince of HefTe-
Caflel, and an arlenal. The fuburb
called Weinhaui'en is a handfome place,
and more extenlive than the town. In
1757 it was taken by the French ; and
in 1 76 1 it was ineffeiflually belieged by
the allies, who reduced two thirds of
the town to arties by their cannonade.
It (lands in a morals, furrounded by the
river Schwalm, 28 m sse Calfcl.

Ziegenruck, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, on the river Saal, ic m s
Neuftadt.

Ziegefer, or Ziefar, a town and caftic
of Brandenburg, in the Middle mark,

t'd and fiiv,,,
■ »"d finea i.,

}rcr8oflV,.fi

, St'Kiftan and
ph and ,o,„
Vy formed by
f '^••ah, and in
Jnjorcarnar/h
l*^. «:'»'' nift,,,,
r-'" fifli .111(1

I failed Kook-

ftland.
conia, in j|,c
on the river

PP«r Saxony,
'"^'a^ures of
NwPlauen.

^"t Ceos, ,„
.tothcs,f
J 'J broad. It

[ nioitof the
«n<i have ,i
^rley, wine,
». called ve-
''el tradin?
«'»g uied by
"cipal town,
^ on an emi.
>our, on the
■ .?7 48 N.
'e(ia, in the
'ith fcvera!
^ure of ex-
» the Biela,

wn of Ger-

"ith a fine
e of He/Te-
'he fuburb
bme place,
town. In
-nch ; and
f'fi'^gt'd by
> thirds of
snnonade.
'ed by the
el.

I" Saxony,
I ic m s

md caftfc
le iriark.

Z 0 W

)8 m w$w nraiidcnlnirg, and x% ent,
Ma^drburg.

ZieJenzijf, a town of DMnd'-nljiirg, in
the Nrw mark, hi loi'jiinj,' to the kiii>;lita
uf iVJalta. It has itnimfadurrH of cloth,
and in jo m khk Ciilli*>n.

7.icrfnhfrg, a town tjf OcMm;itiy, in
Lowrr llcH'e, lituaH' on a hill, l»y thi;
riviT VVariif, « n» w nw Cillll.

^it^et, a town of Himpaiy, on the
river Ttini:, near its foir.ti-, 4Z m r. by
N Nagybaiija.

Zli^et/i, a (IronK town of Hiin>j,u-y,
which has been (cvfial tiincfl bcficyul
and t.'ikin by the Turks and Aiiiirians.
It (lands on thfAlm;i, by which it i,i
lurroutidcd, 4H m su Canifcha. Lon.
i8 16 t, lat. 46 8 N<

Ziriozei, a ftrong town of Holland,
in Zf.'nland, and capital oF thi,- ilk of
Sclioweii. It was the ancit.tit refidcncc
ot th(! counts of Zealand, and tlu-n a
place of much more conhqntiice, the

fiort having been lince fillt'd with land,
t i^ 12 m N£ Middkburg, and iH sw
■Bricl. Lon. 4 lo k, lat. 51 .^6 n.

Zittau, a fortified town of Lulatia,
which has four large and fix fmall gates.
It has an >:xten(ivc tnde in linen, white
dannalkfl, woollen cloth, and blue paper.
The cathedral has three organs ; and
near it is a college, when- the languages,
dravving, and other arts, are taught
gratis. Joining to the cloilteru is a
library, the fined in all Lufatia ; and at
a finall didance from it is an orphan-
houfl*. Zittau being occupied by the
Pruflians, in 17,57, was taken by the
AHflrians, who almoft entirely deftroyed
it by the bombs and cannonade. It is
leatcd on the NeifTe, 17 m sw Gorlitz,
and 25 sEDrcfden. Lon. 15 i k, lat.

50 54 N.

Ztiaimt a ftrongtown of Moravia, ca-
pital of a circle of the lame name, with
a caflle, in which are a great many
pagan antiquities. The vicinity yields
excellent wine. It is feated on the
Teya, 35 m sw Brinn, and 4a nnw
Vienna. Lon. 16 o e, lat. 48 4S n.

y.oara, a fortified town of iiarbary,
in the country of Tripoli, with a good
harbour, on the Mediterranean, 60 ra
w Tripoli. Lon. 11 53 e, lat. 32 45 n.

Zotittz, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Mifnia. The inhabitants fubfift princi-
pally by working ferpent-llone, found
in the neighbourhood, into pitchers,
bowls, tea and coffee cups, &c. The
red fpecics of this flone, which is con-
lidered as tbe fineft, belongs folely to
the fovereign. It is 17 ra s Frcyberg.

Zcbten, a town of Silefia, in the prin-

Z U G

cipallty of Schweidnitz, 9 m enc
Schweidnilz.

y^ojinjfent a town of Swiflctland, in
the canton of tiern, with an tlcgitit
church, and a public library, contain-
iU}.', (Ivcral curious maMulcripts. Ne.ij
it is a forefl. which containn the lull
pine-trees in all SwilH-rland. It in
liated on the Wigger, u) m nsw
Luocrn.

'/olnnck, a town of Ilnng.iry, capital
of a county of the lame nanie. It it*
ftaied on the Teyllc, at the inllux
of tin: S.igclia, 62 in nk C^olocza, and
62 K Kuda. Lon. 20 50 E,l.it. 47 10 n.

'lombor, a town of Hungary, near
the river Mofzlonga, 50 m nw Ncu*
fatz.

'^ons, a town of France, in the de«
p.utmciit of Roer, lately of Germany,
:n the archbilhopric of Cologne, with a
calllc ; fe.ited on the Rhine, 13 m nnw
Cologne.

'/^orbigt a town of Upper Saxony, in
the circle of Leipzic, with a citadel, 24
m NNw Leipzic.

Zsrniiorf, a village in Brandenburg,
one mile n Cuflrin. Here, in 1 758, the
king of PrufTia, after a dreadful coa-
&ii\, totally defeated the Ruffians.

y^qZ/ht, a town and caftle of Branden-
burg, in the Middle mark, fituate on
the Notte, 19 m s Berlin.

Zouf; fee Oaur-

Zowan, a town of the kingdom of
Tunis, famous for the dying of fcarlet
caps and the bleaching of linen, 36 m s
Tunis.

Zitckmarttel, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of NeifTe, and a bifliop's
fee. It has mines of gold, filver, copper,
and iron, and is 15 m s NeifTe.

Zueela, a town of the kingdom of
Fczzan, fituate in a diftritt of remarka-
ble fertility. The remnants of ancient
buildings, the number and fize of the
ciftcrns, and the conftruiflion of the
vaulted caves, intended perhaps as re-
pofitories for corn, exhibit wonderful
yelligcs of its andent Iplendour. It is
60 m ENE Mour/ook. Lon. 16 34 E,
lat. 27 59 N.

Zt/enigoroJ, a town of RufTia, in the
government of Mofcow, fituate on the
Mofkva, 2i{ m w Mofcow.

Zug, a fmall canton of SwifTerland,
bounded on the e and n by Zurich, w
by Lucern, and s ' y Schwtitz. It is
rich in palturage ; lias plenty of •. n^ous
kinds of flone fruii, as well a;; w.hiuts
and chtitnutsj and its winf i.; of a very
acid flavour. The inhal uants are Ro-
man oatbolics.

» i

z u u

7njft a town of Swiffl-rlmd, capital of
n canton of the fame nnmc. Hrrc arc
ffvtrral handlbme tliiirchrH, and a fjood-
townhnnff. It in fcatrd on a lakr of its
n;imc, u m Nw Scliwcitz. l.on. 8 34
r., lat. 47 ^ N.

y^uider /^ee, a great h ly of thr Oer-
m:. ,1 oc< an, wliich extends from n to s
in Holland, b«'twr«'ii the provincM of
I'ricfl.UKl, Ov«;ryfl«-l,Gcldcriiind, and N
Holland.

7.uUvtft or Suhw, a town of Silefia, in
a lordOiip of the lame name, 5 m sw
MilitCch.

ZuUb, a town of Franco, in the de-
partment of Uocr, lately of G'rmany,
in the duchy of Jiilicrf: ; featcd on the
Naflel, 1 1 m » Jnlitrfl.

'/lulUrhaut a town of Brandi nburR;,
in the New mark. The ciftlc Aands
ivitliout the walJH of the town, and has
a rampatt and ditches. The fulnirbs
contain more hoiilcR than the town
it (elf, and among them is a largu orphan-
houfct to which in annexed a (cliool, an
academy, &c. Here 'ixe good cloth
manufadtnres, and the vicinity pr duces
much corn and wiae. In 1759, a brittle
was fought ncJiT this town betwecii the
IVuHians and RutTians, in which the
former were defeated. It is fituate in
a plain, near the Oder, 34 m k by n
Croflen. Lon. 15 52 k, lat. 51 9 n.

Zulphoy or Julfa., n town of Perfia,
almoft clofe to ifpahan, to which it is a
fort of fuburb, and fcparated from it by
the river Sandtron. It was pcopUd by
a colony of Armenians, brought hither
by Shah Abbab, and contains fcveral
churches and monafterics.

Zulx, a town of Sikfia, in the prin-
cipality of Oppcln, 14 m E by s Nciffb,
and tb sbw Oppeln.

Zulz, a town of SwifTerland, in the
canton of Grifons, on the river Inn, a6
m ?r Coire.

Zun:ampny a town of Tucuman, on
the river Dolce, no m sse St. Jago del
Eftero.

Ztimaya, a town of Spain, in Bifcay,
near the coaft, 15 m w by s St. Se-
baflinn.

ZumpangOi a town of New Spain, in
the province of Mexico, 100 m k by e
Acapulco, and 105 s Mexico.

Zurich, a canton of Swiflerland, so
*r. long and 30 broad; bounded on the
NbySchafFhaufen,EbyThurgawandthe
county of Tockenburg, s by Glaris,
Schweitz, and Zup, and w by Lucem
and the county of Baden. Zurich was
admitted a member of the Helvetic
confederacy in 1351} and obtained the

ZUR

privilege of being the firft canton bi
rank ; it Is alfo the mol confiderable in
extent, both of territory and power
next to that of Bern. It almunlj in'
wine and excellent pallnre ; but as there
is not a lufllcicnt fupply of corn, for
Interior confumption, the deticiency is
chiefly Aipplied from Suabia. The in^
habitants are all Calviniftg.

Zuric/i, a city of Swiflerland, capital

of a canton of the fame name. It ftandi

at the N end of the lake Zurich, where

the river Linimat iffiies from the l.ikc

and divides the town into two unequal

parti", which communicate by three

bridges. It was formerly an imperial

city, and is one of the heft built in tl,ij

country, but the ftreets arc n«rrow.

The cathedral was found«d by (.'harlc

magne, and is adorned with a Hattic of

that emperor. The two divifions of

Zurich are called the old town and the

fubnrbs; the former is furrounded by

the (ame battlements and towers that

exifted in the 13th century; the latter

is ilrengthened by fortifications in the

modern Ityle. The arfenal is \;tll Aip.

plied with cannon, ammunition, and

mufqucts. Among the charitable foiin-

daii.ins are an orphan honle; an hof-

pital for the fick of all n..*ioii8, which

ufually contains above 600 patients;

and the Almol'en Amt, 01 foundation

for the poor, which puts out children as

apprentices, and diftributes money,

clothes, and books of devotion, to poor

peri'ons, not of the town only, but of

the canton, to the amount of upward

of 5000I. a year. Here are fcveral ma-

nufadlures; particularly muflins, cot*

tons, linens, and filk hamlkerchicfs.

Zurich was taken by the French in

1798, and retaken by the AuftiianB the

year following; but the lafer were foon

obliged to evacuate it, on the French

gaining a decifive victory over the

Aultru-RufTian army near this city- K

is 35 m sw Conftance, and 55 ne Bern.

Lon. 8 55 E, lat. 74 ja n.

Zurich, a lake of SwifTerland, 24 m
long and 4 broad. The borders are
itudded with villages and towns, and
the 8 part -ppcars botinded by the ftu-
pendous high mountains of Schweitz
and Claris. Tie river t^immat runs
through its whole length to the city of
Zurich.

Zurita, a town of Spain, in New
Caltile, with a caflle, Icated on the Tajo,
38 I.. E Madrid.

Zarzy a town of SwiiTer.and, in the
ca:iton of Grifons, feated on the Inn^
%oia. KNW Bormio.

7,urzach* a
the county o
Hhine.iuU ab'
,^ m »• Baden.

Zurxonza,
the province <
an iiland In a

acaii-

Zutiheu, a
in Gilderland
county t)f '**

i67i.oytl"'«F
fortifications

in 1674. TN
fince rcpairei
flux of the B
8 by E Peven
dam. Lon.
Zuyft, a vii
Utrecht. It
Ihady wa'ks
fpacious buil
dorf appropi
Hernhuthers
employed in
ture, and tl
that of an'
Zuyft i» m"
mer months
no country 1
y.wenkau,
SaJcony, in >
6 m s Leipz
Zivftl, a ^
flux of the i
Yw«w Krcmi
Zwickaut

•anton bi
nfldcrabic in
■■"'I power,
Mhourrf, in

I5"ta» there

V ,^?f". for
Jt'iictrncy ij
'■ 1"hc in.

and. capital
,■'. 'trtandi
[rich, where

the like,
o, ""equal
by three
in imperial
'"i't in tliij
y^ n«rrow.
by ("harlc.
•I fl.itiic of
'vifions of
•^'•i .ind (he
""ruled by
>\vtr8 that
the JaitiT
018 In the

'; v/iJI /"iip-

'tion, and

'•'•blf foiiti.

'! .in hof.

>"8, which
Puticntu;

oimdation

children as

s money,

"• to poor

ly. but of

f upward

■v*ral ma.

li'18, cot.

kt'rchicfs.

Tench in

fans the

vero foon

c French

)ver the

city, li

^JE Bern.

d> 24 m
Jers are
ns, and
the ftu-
chweitz
at runs
city of

1 New
eTajo.

in the
e Innj

ZVVI

7.urzach% a town of SwiflTerlnnd, in
thi! county of lladm, Inttd on the
Khinr, jiilt above the influx of the Aar,
'^ m N Baden.

Zurxonza, a town of Ni-w Sp.iln, in
the province of Mcchoacan, (itunte oti
an iiland in a lake, 25 m wsw Mceho-
acaii-

Zutiheu, a ftron^ town of Hidland,
in Gi-tdcrland, capital of the (juarler or
county of it» name, it was taki-n, in
16721 oy the French, who deHroyid the
furtificatioPH and abandoned the place
in 1674. The fortiticatioiiH liave been
fince repaired. It h feated at the con-
flux of the Berktl with tlie Yflcl, 9 m
8 by E Peventtr, and 55 k by s Amllcr-
danfi. Lon. 6 13 k. lat. 52 10 n.

Zuyjl, a villape or Holland, 5 m froni
Utrecht. It abounds in plantations and
fliady walks, and in ornanu-nted by the
I'paciout buildings which count Zin/.i'ii-
dorf appropriated to the fraternity of
Hernhuthers or Moravians, who arc
ennpioyed in various kinds of manufac-
ture, and their workmanOiip exceeds
that of any o'.her part of Holland.
Zuyft is much frcquentid in the fiim-
mer months, by merchants who have
no country feats of thtir own.

7<wenkau, n town and calUe of Upper
SaJcony, in Mifnia, ieatcd on the EIR '.
6ms Leipzic.

Zwetl, a town of Aiiftria, at the con-
flux of the Zvvctl with thelv mp, 26 ra
yvatw Krcma.

Zvjiciau, a town of Upper Saxony,

Z YT

In Mifiiia, on the frontiorn of Vol^iLncf,
with a citad'.l, threi- chuichri, and .1
Latin Ichool, in which is a j?ood libraiy.
Here are riiahufactiire!) of cluth and
leather, and a trade in corn and U'cr.
It is 1( ifcil on the Muldi, ao in nnk
Pl.mm, and 11 s Alt^jnliUr^;, l,on. li

2H K. I it. fo 4i N.

'/.<witi^i-til)i > If, a town of Germany, is
the principiiity of ilelle-D itinltidi, 10
in >< Dirnid.idi, and 22 n Il'idclbcrg.

ZiviC'iii, a town of Moravia, in the
circle ot Olmiit/, 40 in wnw ()!mut/.

/■luoll, a fortified town of Holland,
in OvetyH'ci, with three haiidlome
iuburb;,. On thi; adjacent mountains of
St Aj;nes w.isi fornKily an Anijullini!
convent, in which Thornas Kempis
liv. d 71 years, and died in 14-1. A
canal bcijins near thi* place, and ex.
teiuls to the river Yflil, which is de-
fciuleil by I'cveral fort' . Zwoll is the
niofl: opuUiiit town in the province, and
(lands on an eminence, by the river Aa,
14 in N Dtventer, and ji sw Coevor-
den- Lon. 6 3 k, lat. 5a 31 n.

y.woui^rady a town of Dalmatia, 36
m H Uihacs, and 60 sk Sejjna.

y.wonitz, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Milriia, 14 m t^s'v Chemnitz.

Ziuornicli, a town of European Tur-
key, in Uoihia, 60 m v. Seraio, and 68 bw
Bclnrado.

y.ylomiers, a town and fortrcfn of
Pola 'd, in Volhinia, featcd on the Cic-
cirief, i ..o ni r Lucko. Lou. j.^ i,% t,
Lit. 50 33 N.

THE END.

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CAPITAL, ONE IV.lLLION.

WILLIAM J. ViAN. Secretary.

* CHUiNiririL, E.g.

Jauuitry, U«l,

HORLEY'S FEEDING MEAL,

FOR HORSES AND CATTLE.
svusTiTUTE ron i.iNstci. n takk, oats, HCANS, Ac,

£16 Per Ton, Bat rels iucluded.

FREE DELlVKlltU TO IJAIX, lillJI.' ilV MV OWN WAQUONS.
TESTIMONIALS.

T>t,u- Slr,-I wi«li li) try your Fiv...
iMiul iu« ou (v'witit. 'i bumU o( 11 by Uail,

•■SiToiuilmi Hall, Niirwirli, May 3th, 18«1.
llnu Mvsd uu liuUuulu mm UltittJi^, lly liuraca do wuU witli it, Pnt

Youm truly,

JOUN NOBOATE.

" T'pi'or Wiut lioilir Rlref «, IiUiiiiton, 5.'.lh May, IMI.
Hlr, — I am r1x>Md with the romilts of your Nio IVuillnn lIuiJ «(y 4,, bonvs Ijuvii ilmiu well upoa th*
ut tou, lUid 1 euiuldtit It tu auyorloi to u.tta luid bviuia. tjuud luu lu ' . l«m l.< mom, wuivhliiii nctt 1 tuu 1 ««t,

1 Am, yoim tnilr,
CM

rlAJtLKS LANOFOIU).'

"3, Tlioniliillhrlliii' riao', rV ■, Rn»d,

Hlr, Tho New FimiiUus Mciil iiiTontt'd by Mr. ThoiU-y i* u gooil mil»ititutv foi m, IJiaiu. A#. and
ii.voi grvut .^tiiifautiou. Huud uiu uuutbor lot h^uixu ua Lwt,

I am, Mir, youn re*v«ot(ully.

May 2btb, IdOl,

W. SMITH.

ON Receipt of Bank Onlor for xUi Kis. Foiirtuon BaiTela of tliia Compound,
WelHbiUiC iiett Twfiity.Omi IliiuilrcdHiluhl, will Im iluUTurml Ireu to any KuDtviiy Hlatliiu In Lonilon.
Mmgle Barrt'U ^ValnhinR in'tt 1 Cwt. 'J Mm. luuy ik li.i.l for 3o«. I'ach, ut 77. Ni wnatc Mini I, I'ily, ur or any of iny
..ccrmlitej Affiitii In tlio t'ountry. Tlilti rucul m c<.IllJ■o.^ell of l.ociint lli'iiii.^, Iiiillun <.'orn, t.indfed, Ac , wi-n
M.>aiouu(l with THoui.lcv'h r<iNl>jMKNT, iiii'I Oiic Toll Irt ti(ii)il ill vului' to C-4 wortli of liny oviier Ki edin«
Material 111 thu Marhot. JO!4i:i'H TIIOULM. Ihv liivi'Ulur, !«li'iuii .IIIIIn, «'ul«-<ronl.-u Boad,
Hlnii'A <'r<><i»« Loinloii ,S. U-n-l.o.m.

DAY & SON, 353 and 378, STRAND.

BY HER MAJESTY'S BOYAX. LXTTERS PATENT.
TI"K MOST

EXTRAORDINARY PORTMANTEAU PRODUCED I
Empty. .^^== ^^1^ Pacted.

C1-3LO.-5.

8IZE3, PEICE3 AND FULL DESCSIPTI0:J ON AP1'L:C4.TI0N.

[1-9U.-7

WATCHES -A. B. SAVORY & SONS,
WatchinnkiTH, II iiiul 1'.', C'>inil<ill, Lmiilon, HHbiuit for Muloutloii
ft Btock of liia' das-i PATKN'!' DKTACHKl) LFA'KIl WATClfEH,
wliiuh, hoing iniulu l>y tluMiisulvoM, ran bo ruoomiuuiiilud tor occuruuy
Hid durubility. A wiimuity Im givoii.

PllICES OF SILVEll WA'iCHES.
Patent tovor Wntch, with llio iiiii)nivi'nimitH, I'.i. tlio dutai^Iiutl
escftpomoni, juwellud, hard ciwuuol dial, HucondH, mid
muiiitaining powor to continue going whilst buing w'oiuid... £4. 14 0

Ditto, jow(^ud in foiu' holoH, and Mippt'd • 0 0 0

Ditto, tlio tinist (Hiality, with tlio iniprovod rcgrdator,

jow' 'lod in six holc'N, UHUally in gold I'a.-iUH 8 8 0

Either of thu Silver WatihoH in Eliniting Ousuh, 10s. Od. extra.
OoUn WATCHES.— Size fok Lauies,
Patent Lover AVatoh, with orniuneiited gold dial, thu uioro-
niiiit witli the fiitest imj>ioveuKiits, i,t. thu detaohod

csia|ienient, maintaining power, and jewelled Xll II 9

Ditto, with richly engraved caw 13 12 0

Ditto, with very strongian.so, and jewelled in foiU' holes 11 14 0

OdLD WAfcnE.^.— Sizes fob Oknti.emex.

Patent Lover Watch, with thu latest improvoiucnt«, i.e. the
di.'tachud osuipenient, jewelled in four holes, hard enamel

dial, seconds, and maintaining power £10 10 0

Ditto, in stronger ease, inipiovud regulator, and capped 13 13 0

Ditto, jewelled in six holes, and gold balance 17 17 0

Either of the Gold Watches, in TTunting Casen, £3 3s. extra.
A Watch select fi'om the list will bo safely packed, and sei.t
free to any part of Great Britain or Ireland, upon receipt of a
remittanco of tho aiiiount.

CLOCKS. — A largo variety of fonrtccn-day Ciockfl, to striko
tho hours and half hours, in wo- ' marblo, or or-molu. Some of the
cases avo plain, yet elegant ; i i are highly ornamcntod. The
Pamphlet of Prices, with drawings, 'by post, or on ayiplicatlon, free
of charge.

A. B. SAVORY & SONS, Watchmakers, Opposite the Bank of
England, 11 and 12, Cornlnll, London,

[I ;i Lo. 3

PL ATE. -A. B. SAVORY & SONS,
MANUFACTVRINQ GOLDSMITHS,

11 and 13, Oomhill, I^ndon, opposite tho Bank of England.
Tho host Fiddlo Patfoni Silver Spoon* and Fork*, at 7i. 4d. per oa.

Ditto Qiu'>n'» Pattern ditto 7i. Od. do.

Tlio follfiwing arc thw weight* adapted for general a«e.

nODl.E PATTKRN.

12 Tnble Spoom .3"«t 7
12 Ue«Mrt (lUtu..20 7
13Tabl«Forkj..,80
12 IVMertilitto...2n

2 Gravy SpoonilO

1 Soap Utile ...10

4 Sanco ditto ...10

4 Salt ditto (sfronin- (;llt)

» Fish Slice, plorceil a 10

UTeaSpooni ...lOst" 10... t 18

1 Pair Sugar Tongi o IS

d.
4

4,
4

4..

4..

4..

in..

Bat of Fiddlo Pal tern . . . A' .Ml I 8

QIIKEN'S PATTERN.

U

9
.18
. 9

01. 1.

l3Tiil>lii8pofltM.40at7
12 D'lwort ditto ..as 7
ISTsblf Fc.rki...40
12 Knnn't ditto... 38

a OrtTy Hpnona 12

1 Soup Udle ...It

4 8aiiMdltto ...12

4 Halt ditto (ttronggllt)

1 Flih Slice, p)«rc«d ,... 8 8

12 Twt Spoons ...14at8 0... 5 12

1 Pair Sugar Tongs I i

d.
8
6
6

6..
6..
6..
0..

4.
0
8
9
6
0
«
0
0
0
0
0

Sit ^rQiiMn's Pattcm...4T4 7 8

SUvei Spoorw and Forks, of many other Patieme, rooently fmished,

plain or hijfhiy omamftntod, kept ready for Inmiediato aeleciion.
SUvor Table and PrownUWon Plate. Including Tea and Coffee Serricee,

Waiter*, Priws Cups, Epergne^ an4 Slower Stand*, with Emhle.

matic Fignrea, Ac., drawings o? which will be forw»rd«d to Com-

mittcos and others requiring Teetimonial Plate,
Best Silver PUted Manufacturo,, with aU the reo«it ImproTenumto.

combining gre«t U •rahility with tlie a)>p«uanm of Solid Silvar, d,
iKJUt one-flfth of tlie Cfwt

Snvhr for Krporiailon U entitled to a return of the duty ol 1*. Od. pet

ounce ; the shipping charge* are tricing.

A pamphlet, lllustrateil with 260 engraying*, Intended m an Introdtio.
tion to the Stock of Silver Plate, Plated Ware, Watohe*, and
lowellory, In tho extonaive show room* and premiae* recently
erected, may be had gmtla, and po*tago free,
A. B. SAVOEY it SONS, Oppodte the Bank of Kngknd,
11 and 12, Cornhill, Loodco.

n-1-Lo.i.

HANDSOIK

EALand SOX'S .Sll

■tilfcilliln I'tttli for nmiu' iiB
i'lttkhiiUy JiUxUitiod ; iilmn Irn
»itii]iifrirtHri«1,Uii Mtthoffitiiy, lln
«aU Ir'uiulturti cowi^UU m wull

IT

ILLUST

CONTAINS DE
ARTICLES C
AS OF 1

EVER

DEDSTI
FUR

10

MATTRESSES,

HEJUjandSONhavo:
wlch'provmitH tho niattTl
Patent SfcMruMCH ar« mailu nt tl
a trifle bkbw ttiau othar (uotl M

SONS,

England.
4(]. p«r 02.
oa. do.
a*e.

TTRRN.
. d. M
' 6...11
«.. 9

' e...is

' 8... 9

1. d

ill) .,

I 0.

4 10
4 3

4 1«
2 2
8 &

5 13
1 S

m.„tH 7 0

My riniflhed,
selection,
floe Services,

^ded to Oora-

iproTanunt*.
Ud Silver, di^

f la. Od. pat

ui Introdno-
ITatohef, and
i«M reoently

t Sngknd,

ri'.-Lo.i.

HANDSOME BRASS AND IRON BEDSTEADS.

nEAL nnd SOX'.S KHOVV ROOMS iMintjiiii ii lai^ciumoWmciit of Bthhh WviUvntU,
nilhtlilo liitli for n<iiiM' MKioinUiir Tni'lniK liuut.x , lmiMl.«>iiii' Iriii. IIkMi win Willi llrnfi MmilmIihu < I'li'l

tln^tntly .1 1111*1 1 iiod: |>li>in Irun lliilati'iuli for HirvuiitH, iiirv ilrarrii.lK ( WniKlin Ikul'liifl lliot tn

luiti iirr>rturnl,Uii Ni>lii>Miiy. Iliiih, Wuliiiit Tim UixkIi., I'lilinl I'll III III in»| ,lu|iuiiii»l : ikll Olltil »iih Urililluii
ami kuiiitturit coiayUI* M wull u tviry iltMniiimn n( lliil llimiu Kiiiiutun.

ILLUSTRATED GATALOGi^i

CONTAINS DESIGNS AND P^IOCS OF 130 DIFFEriF-NT

ARTICLES OF BEO-nO IVI FURNITURE, AS WELL

AS OF 100 BEDSTEADS, AND PRICES OF

EVERY Dr.SCniPTION OF BEDDING.

SENT FREE BY POST

HEAL AND SON,

BEDSTEAD, Br.DDlNQ, AND BED-ROOM

FURNITURE MANUFACTURERS,

198. TOTT: NHAJV COUUT RD.,

LONDON.

• MATTRESSES, WARRANTED NOT TO WEAR HOLLOW IN THE MIDDLE.

HEJ^j find SON have Patented an iinprovomont in tlio manufaoburoof Mattresscx,
wich iiroTonln the niatiTJiil fultlni! Into ii nm«» im it iIiK'H In nil Miittriwi'B made lu thu cinllnary w«». Tlic
VaXtnt AltrcMiw an- mwlt) of thr Jetj liett Uorw hikir uiUjr, lue nthw thlckw tbku luuiU, luiil Ibc l|ricni arp Vmt

■ Mac lilibor Uiku othtr fixxl MkttrMac*.

ll-9-Lo.l.

PRiCHARDS

DANDELION, CAMOMILE,

A-lsTID

GiN3ER PILLS,

For Indigestion and all Bilious Disorders never fail

PRICHARDS

AEOMATIG STEEL PILLS,

For Restoring Weak & Relaxed Constitutions
Surpass all other Medicines ever offered to the Public.

PRICHARDS

THORAGIG LQZEMGES,

For Sore Throat, &c.
PRICHARD'S MYRRH AND RHATANY,

For tho Teeth and Oums.

ADDRESS :-

No. 65, CH^IRINO CROSS, LONDON.

May be had of all Medicine Vendors in the United Kingdom,

and the Colonies.
N.B— Be sure to ask for "PRICnARD'S."

(lOlo.lO

n

OAB rAKiN TO m rUUdl i'UK M«iTMOrUUTAJI
MAIiiWAir ItrATIWM*.

fll

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oiliK'k III liii' iii.iniii ij,

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Upropil.tiir. ir.,iiv,.ra(ir.i.ili.f.ir.li»ii.l to tnk.. fur any Jiih miy aum
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Uiii 111111 imrii^l ..II I 4.

I)rllur liiiiy ilm 1 « rkAWiiiitlilu aiiin u la i1i'|ioalt. from Imraom

ilrlnu mill r ilrlii., hllii lu vmit, ,mr 'iml illaiv.. llin f«rii to wlilt'li

ilrlmni i.iititli»l tor ilrivniK lliitlmr. rmially «ii.. if ilrivir ri'fiiu to
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■iiilli'linit ouuiiHiiuuii'iUi ur II dritui null ruduu lo itcuiiuil (nt inula

lU'tiialll.

Illri.r it.fiiali
for Jrwa i.r.t

rifti«niiiiiiNn

• • • • I

' li i

II

it

HKTIiMIMII.IM,

wNwiiMN ji.ti ri:H i.v rut:

lllD l.rii, .i,*! ..niiill.iH ri'iLa I rtli itii.l aoiilh,

Ihrinwli III,. iLiiitriil piiita of l„in.|.iii. In nn.l fr..nl Hio aruniu

""""'"' ""'■"' "I" '"idniilni .>ii.| till' ti.riiiliiitli.il tin' Trioiw

""",.",'"'" "'"> ','"' •l"*i.lli'in<. Ill ,ir.|..r to lumniiiii.. l.it,. t Ills

.11., ""'""''''""",''''"''. "'!"■'> ""'•PUfill.'l .llriait cii.! Mallmil

*ll tliu |iu,mi(,.n whli'li i|iir„n.iil atri.,iii m.iy aiiiinK. Th.i 1
of thniii ciiniiiiin.,, riiiiniini iil Mini, .nhwlc m ilin moriilii
""'""" ii'n twiilm. Ill ii^fit, •iimw.llriKi.mtli „(i,Hr iliirinii •liiiiy

iMnao(tli...|,iy,ir»ryliy.iiiiliiiiii,«. Mmlof ili,.,n linyu twiTolJ
tlir.'..|H.|iou f.ir niirt of tini ■■ - -
II will In. Will,

2 U

OB I
2 0

0 6

1 0<

2 6

ror^Jojajjlanii... iiiiiy, .iniiiltl,«l to|irlaoii. . _.. _ _^

laiitlatliictly iuiirki-4*l« aiiuH diirrragM, :ia TTT^ ^oiiimliwIori.WiT'l'olii
■li.ill iliiiiot, uii'l III. I Jnvt'r aliiiil. If riKinirtMl liy Itin hirer, OArry l.y atiuh
ciirri.iiiii lliu niinil.'.r i.f in'monii ih irkial thrniuii, or liiiy Ii'ni iiiiiiilH-r.

Whiiii oiimiiiii. itri.vii l.y two lioncA uui^lhixil abuTuUM fiuui biir9>
liwIUir luuulluiiwl la til bu piild

rarM by UliilaBcc for Two IVraon*.

Hliponoi' fur any d tiincn irltliln. iiii.l 11. il i.\.'.'i'.lli tf, oiii' tnllt,. '

For iiiiv itHtunoc uicetaling .jiiu inili., iil tin. riitouf ilJiiHniiiufur uvwry 1
mill., ilild liir unv pu't uf li mil., not iri.iui.lt'tiHl. !

Ilii). hliilliiiK for I v.-rv iiiili;, or i„ut of 11 niiti. ht.yomt four iiiII.'H
Iriiiliiijil (ruui CluirliJi CruM, if ourrliago tUatibarifMl bwyuud aiiub fcui
mtli'rt. <

No lU-iTur ahall duuiaiid ur reoi'lvu any anni liy wiiy of Hunk Pare, for
ibii ri.l.ilrn nf tli« uiirriatfd fmni tliu pliim, ut which iliacliarut.l.

W'liiiii tliotlrlrur, 111 Ihi tialil liceiinlliig lu dlHt,iii|.u, aliall lai ru,|iilroil
by lliu lilrur lo lto|. for nftL.i.u uiiiint,*, or for any Ioiiuit lliiii', tlio
lU'vi'r may duinanil .iiid rocilvn a fiii-tlirr ainn lalaivu Ih.. fam to wliUli
111' hJi.iII lar L'litltli'il, oulciilutoil ac'orilliig to .liatani..|.), uf iflKpiinuu fc
uTuiy lUtouu luuiuUai oumplutud, Uial hi* aball bare bwu ituiiyud,

ram br TUue for Two I'enoiu

For any lime wltliin, and not t>xo,.|.illnu, oni< h.inr. two nhilllnKn.

HIsiii-iii'u for uvi ry llftt'cii uiluulua, ur auy luul of Ufluuu miuutul uul
Oouti.l*.-t,..l, alaiv,' '.no lioiir.

(ill,. Sliittiiitf fur I'vi.ry lalloorpartof a mll.i beyond foiirinlli«lradliii|
fruiii I'l. irliij (.V...,, if carrlaKi' dlacharutil iN.yi.nd gticti four nillca.

No drlvor iliall .U'liiatid or riHieivu any ainii l.y way i.f Hack Karu, fur
thi. rcttirn of tlu' cariiiKi.* from tin. i.lai'i' ut which iliacharijial.

Whmi a backii' y cainutfc in liirinl by Inn... the .IrtviTiiiuy Iw rcintrtid
to ilrivi. at any r.iUi not uxci'ihUiik four inil.ia In onu > 'ur : aii'l If rn-
(tuiri..l to drivu iii.iru than four niiU-a In oiui hour, n '1 lin iliiill Im
iiiiLillml to deinmi.l, in ailditioii to till' furii ri'KiilatisI li> nii.. th,' fiirti
iiv iliatauou fur uvi.rv uiUu ur pari Iburuuf uut uuuipli'Uid uiiywudiuK luui
milui.

Fare br Dliliiuce or Time for more Itaan Two remonii.

Whrn more tliun twopfirwinsarocurriodbyanyhackn'TiCiUTlaifp, the
aniii of Bil. In t,i la) jiiiiil for ciicli piT-.m ulaiTu Ilm nnmlKir of Iwn, for
tb» whulu hliiiin, lu addiliou lu Ibe tiuci by duluuov ur tUiiu (ur two
^eraonn.

Tw« uhlldreu ULdur tou yeora ut a«o lo be oauutod ai ods aduU,

Laggnge.

A reaional'le qoantltT of luKgaii* la to h« oprrled In or nnon the
carriagti wiUiuut auy aadltlooa oharge, ezoupl aa prorided La auxt
panimiph.

Wlieu mom than two peraoni arecanii.d liiRidu any hacknuy carriage,
with more IUK?:igu than ean Iw caniial iuMde the carriagiiL a auu o£ 3d.
(or eyury package carrlud outilde the oarrlage il lo be paid.

.IMiiou f.ir niirl „f tinl dlatiinon «u.| foiini.n.ii tor Ihi
laniicl. It Will Ih. w.'ll, h.iw,.«i'r, for tho inlun.llug |ii.a
111 ,i«..« 111 lii.|iiiri< ill., fiiri. to lh» |.,irtli.|il,ir ai..,l li.i la U'l

'•" "i« '■ lo'-'or will Ukii lh.i (uU (an l( tliure In any don

Uiii pw.iit. '

riu ,_•";"""'""' *Nn "fouTiiuHsi uiiiitbl

Tin An la i><|,ilni'.,iM atari from rmnlH rin'Il fli.te, "i.
aliini Ihu Walworth lloa.1 lAmnlLt-Ktri'it, th.i H.im.y X.i
(lui.liinal, ilti't tloii.iih. l.y. nr iirur, Kl.'liliiiiit iiiil r.uitlt., I,.iii
roml, ll'hlliintbrii|iin l.iatilnlion. Kuhool for thu lllindl, \Vi«tniiil
riiiiil lilriiliin Aayhinil, Weatniinati.r-l.rl.lK'i 1.1 i.l lAatl.y'a Aifhl-
thi.iitm), Wi.atliiiii.iti.r.|irlilu'» lllim rli'W of Ilm Ni-w lliinaimof
nil nil, Ill-Ill '.latii'i'l lii.'ir WmiiiiiiMt' r Alili"y. Wi-i|.iii,,»tor
uri.l N„w lliiilima of T'lrliunuinH. Whiti.hill 1 1'vwu'iry, Wliil(
riiiil'il, Iliiiau llnanla, ,111. 1 Adinhiillyl, tlliiring I'riMi |Htati|
nil iili-a I.. Ni'lmna M.niiiin.'iit, National I lulli'ry, rmntiliii,

I' iiiimr iti'iiul ll'aiui.alriuii Htiitni, of diairgi. IIII, Pull Mull.

Miili^t/a rlmatrii and Hayinarkiit 'I'hiialrtil, Wat<irIoi|.pliiiiii iDiilot
Vorka (viiliiinnl, llfKnnt atrui't ifmiilriiiit, lli'iii'in, alriiet, lao*!. Cot
ruiiiui. iltf'.nlatriH.t liiinir thn r(ilyt,.cliTiio Inatitnlioul, ilrohapl-ili
Portiiian .i.|iriri., Iliiki.r atna.t (68, .Mu'lmnn Tnimiii.l a. riiriatniun
I'utllu .Hliimi, I pia.r ll.kkur-itnxil, I'aj-k-ruud, Wulliugtouruod,

A -ma, Kt .I.ilina Wiaal.

TiiK WArKninii (iMNim-MBi hare the aamo aturtlni pnlnl uilhe
prtHiiHliiiu, tlmni'i. tiik I iiK Walworth m ii||,\iii.ll:i atnu't, Siinr.'y Zii|)iil-

Piilytpulinic InatitnJ

UKTICII

IkllNlialtiHlaaiMiak.i

»MI pla«M tn

KiH'T^ Mill
1 tllliir' III.
-— ,r-_l«« P'l.n,.,
M RimtiigK IW1..I
■M-Wtll, Mai.al'Hi 11,., »

tefmrtMilli, ill. It.. i.
piirikr*. I, . >• !■ .1.1 ,

Lmlgii. Ill I 1 , .,,,„

II." ' . I 'I 1 I ,.., ,

llMinl . , ' ,,„

•if- ' I,

Ifaiwll' . ,,

iiN.i m I,.

N-U... 'I I

«•.•. ' II I

In , , '

Nl

M.

IV ,.

II'

UU Itiailtl-
;i Kililii*.
til. All' lake

Uiwirn-an , ny.m i .mr, .,. ,,. ■ "
Oriorrt-i*.. Tottenham-couri-ra 1 0

Pall Mall, niKir(ii.^»tn..'t 16

Park-lane, Mmint-atre.-t 16

Park-road, HI. Johns Wo«l • -i J f
Park-wi., RediintH park, N.W. 0 B

Peokhara, Vwtry Hail ;?2|YX in

Plooadllly, Apaley Houm • • • • • ! } g } g i J "
Plooaflllly, Half Mooii-atroet . . 1 8 1 6 1 2 0
Piccadilly Havmuikit ••■•■: 1 J i 55' *
Polytechnlo. 909. RiiKiint-atreeti 1 0 M 0
Portlau'i-place, DuohueMlieet 1 0 1 1 0

Portland-road ;--::95l J 2

Pvtland-Bt., Ok Pnrtland-road 0 6 10

Portman-wiuare, N.W < 5 5 } 2 1 a «

PrtaOMii Theatre, (liford-«t.., 10 16 116

10 IS
1 6120
16 26

1 6
1 0
26
1 6
16
1 6
10
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 6
1 0
t U

26
30
26
30
30
30
30
30
38
20
30
1 B
13

CHELTENHAM CAB FARES.

Form Boru Flyi/rom tiu Ortat Wutem JtaUwaw SUUbm— i. a.
For carryiiiir nni. piiraon any diatunoe not ezocediug one mile, ... 1 0

For carryiiin two pi'mona the aainu diilaiice 1 fl

And tor eTi.ry aduitional pt-mon 0 6

For oarryhig onu punion amileaudnotexcuediiigamlleaadaluUx 1 6

For carrying two pemona the larae diatauce I 0

Andforivcry ailditionalpcnoi • 9

For currying one piraon morel tuui a mile and a ball and not

exoemling two miles S b

And (or every tddltiuual peraon I 0

In all coaea tor currying one or more persoiui, tbeao (area to tndade
7S lbs. of Luggage. lu caae more Luggage la carrlei', one ahllUng per
owl. extra ahall be paid. lt«*«»eD 1 ».Bi, and S ».ai., tbe atWTe
Caret ate Uicreaaed tme-luiK.

ri'

. lltl.

Park III Til. ■.,'.!
j>iikx ..f vv.iliii^i'.

ICllllllfal.il, Oi. fl,,,,

Nr. . 11 11.11 rr
lanui. I. r»l r ' ti

MrtMl Ml :, |. ■ , , 1

tllMofl I! I, II

alr»."i ill,'., I;. ', M

I'll " II |-',„ll,

IlUllllltlOlll. Illf.,1'1 ,li

rt»m\ alr.wt. |,i|l,„i|,. ,

Ua^KMAL U

•fHOI.» TllHWM Th.
•nnipi.iv < a.'r¥uiili I'
ih.tr 4ia| till, f'lr,. fr.i'ii ti
•tarla. 'rii..y .ir.i .mly i-
nlamk ulaiiy liilnrnioli

Ruriiiiia UN l>»v Tin

daliiitiiif ilriiaii 1 m. i.|

•1./ atiliiiii iin till, l.iiiilliii

lt»» 'iiia.ii, iniial .if |h„ II.
of r.i I'l llfin ririna frotii
nwy ira not Innaforil
•loiipl aiii'ii 41 ire Irani
iwiihli until till. Mi,iidty>
liii. Ihii tl.ikiii iniul Im ri
not h,. illownl

HmaiM ri,'«imi -Th,

Ihiii iw iiin.nithi, »» apr,

OlllliiiiitN Infanta I.

•ira nfageahartnl half

FiM UKII llit«Ti'rrin<

any of the ooiniiunv a a,'r

•fury ullentlini In Ilm iumi

kiii.l il' tlm aulliiiia in wl

may bar,* lo mport.

t.iiiimir Piu«eii||fih
Ugilily wrlli...ii upon their
Iruin, aa O'lnipiinUiiarn 11
hookml 111 I i.ilil f,ir .icii'ir
Ingly. Iilghl liigg lun 111 i)

riirrliiira anil llnr

nef.iri' tlm linii. .if atirtii
only k,<|it il Ilm priiii'lpu
if nil h la'lliK r,>

inly k,

lOtllM
I IF.- .|..f tfoiiHr ,11,. ».. I. .- I ',.

rldliiii III tl,..ii ..«n oarrl.i

I liiHiltuittlnii nf itM ViilUD ■
I thu tlmflof tMNihlliH. Ill 1

H'liBlnn llri<tuf% he), (/'Imrlng cri>fw iNorthumlHThiinl Hou^s Ni
Oullt ry, Mflwm'it Mnntiinmit, KouiiUiiiRl, t,'o"-kH|iiir Mtrt«t lI'Viuc
SUt IX nf (Inoiui) III ), l*all MiUl lllor Mal*-><t\ <i Tliffttrtj autH
iiiiirkyt nu'iitro), WuU'rltKvpImw (Oiike of Vi)ri('« ('nlumii,
iii^) St. .lanif/n Tarkl, lU-Kciit wtnu't <)iuulniiit, Hi*ifrnt»«tn'H
(JiMiiiunuiia), f Jtfnnl Htrwt k^ltwn l.y ttic
Jnim Htirtt, I'nrtliunl stnt't. I'drtliiinl nwwl,
DiMnirii.i), iJliiri'tiri' ntnt't, \nrk ami Allmii^ Ta»«Tn liiuiu It'
park, /ixiliiKioiil (iiinlfiiM, und Iiomiini iukI North Wt!Bt«ni " " '

KrNn'H du>>v4 Omnimi 1SI&4 Ht»rt friim Koniili<Kt4>ti (Ut*'
tho ounw of KrutiitiKtiin-riftttl, Ntiw-ntn ct, I'l'iit^m i)liU)a l'i|rrfr
ZiM)1ntficjkHianlHnfl|, Hi((t> fltrf<>t lAIiim hmiHuR, K.lt''|)hiint nml CtltU),
Ii4Mi<l>>i)-roii<lirhil:uitKroi)io luMtitiit nu. IIUinl Holxntl, iDx'liHhl, (lrt«i
Kiirn-y-»tri'ft (Hnyal Hiirrey Thtuittd, MimilaU'ii HiMpltkl. lUxrlaEil
Millrt (J)iatwl), Itlackfrar'H-lirlilffu Utile view of liOmtoii), Hii<1|f*ttrt«<i
ntri<luwt-lt), Kloi't ntruut IHt. UrUVa Churoli. llrA<lMlmw'>i Cltinto nfikv,
Ht. DimHlau'ii'hiirch, thM Ternplo, Temvlf Barl. <!haiiairy lii"''II-in-
ooln'p Inn. aiiil Iniiiiof <1mirtl, llollMTn, OrayV Iiin-laiia (Onyilnn
and(t:ur(lun thn I^iyiil Krtt) lKMi>itutt, Kinfr'i CnMS ((Irnut N'or'.)ii-m
Tt'nniiaui), Ntm--rniul, Eiutou-iMiuaru (I 'udun and Nurth*Wcftera
llailway Tennitmit)

Ihlinoton anii liAUNMnruY Omkii T«Ui«)r!itftrtln|potntal

KuniilnKt4tii-Katt% tliuiico taking Ku> ti romX (New Htr<H't utul

rniitou-pliico, rtiuTt'y /«»<>loKifiaI Uarilt'iiHi, HiKti-iitrt'ct lAliii«h'iti(«^),
Kleiiliaiit anil ifiuitlo), LuuituH-nuul irhllanthropto IntttltnlHin, lUlii't
B<;hiK)t, OU'lirtk). Ornat Hurroy-fitroet (Uoyal HiirtHy "^'hpatrn Itowlaml
Hilt'n Chapel), Itlackfrlar'A-hridKH (Unu Tiuw of U>nili>n), Krldne ntm't
(Hrirli'wein. Lu.lKate-hill, Lu'luato-Btreet. Ht. Paulfi (Jhurchrarl (Ht.
Paul's Cathedral. Ht. Pmira HcIum)!), (,'h..-iipHido. Ht. Martin'rlu-drund
(General Post OHico), AIders«;ito-Htr«Ma (the (leneral I'oHt Mcr.'yOnler
Offlco, ChftrterhoiiBe UardenB), IJoswell Htrtwt-road, l«lWi«'-oii (the
AnRcl), Whit«i I.icm Ktrert. Pentou-ctrewi, Whifcd OuuduU Uouw),
Thumhill-rottd (Banubury Pork).

The F.worFtiTK OMNiitfiKfl mn between Highbury Pace and

Blackfriara Hridgo. viii HiK'ibiiry, iBliMaton, lio^well Htr^'t RoikI,

MdiTflKHtt' Htreet. Ht. Martin's-leClrana (leneral P*** CiU™. and

i,. ,;«Hto Hill. Bt'tweon Hutiint'liv Bahm kw Thi IU^wl

ExciiANriK, ltd Islington, Lower lload, Now North Rnfwl, «id Mt^r-

date .Street. Between HitiiluATt: and The Bank. xHi't Knn ^h Town,

Cani'len Town, Tottenham Court Koiid. HnllKini. »ii<l ''lieiiiwiUt.

Between HmiiuATK Hill ANi> Wpxtminstrk. ri,i Hollonay. HittU-

biiry. Irtlinnton, Ht. .Irdm Htr.'tt Uoud, Cray's Inn Lam- HonM.ni,

C^hanctry Lane. Temple Bur, Htraud, and I'arlianunt Htr»i Between

' llnUNHBV UoAD ANI> LuviMiN BitirmK, viil HuTen .SuitcrH to.wl. H(vJ

I ]<iwAy Boitd, LiUuKtou, City Mviul, Muorgato btrwt, aud Ka^ WOli*" \

1 Utreet. *

la:

l'i§

'si^;

i-^i:

jBtl

VhotU

are tunially ohi
ifliaiioe alKjut ^^
i loatdo tho oarr
. _ arccU. -The fol
l^rottlfl:—
~ Great Wbwern.
Martiu'sde-Orawl ;

,t^l\«

N R

1^

M»'.'I«(IM'<M.I%

t<) uikI friiiil
till' ti>riiili
>r'li<r t'l ikt'i'iMitiii'

ll"l illnHiiMiii, mi.l hlolliwl
Mini' wnip".
iii-liiok In ttin iiiiirtioi

Vit.< «
Th" I*

Iti.^ I'lii'li ottiiir iliiniiK
>4t of tlu'iii h.tvii twii el
itirl ftiiir]ii'il< •* fur Ibi
ir tint tultin'lhin pi
iirtx'iilitr it|i<>t hn tM it'
r« If Uiuru Imp aiiy dui

IIUIIH ItollTIBt.

I PllMllMTWi'It Hi. ta, ■■■■■n.i«
i.triit. tlhi Hiirri'y /...MifWl
Kli'lilmiit iiii'l I'.uitli', l.'ii>'.'
.,1 for tli.> IIHii.ll, Wmltiiii «■
-lirl.lKii loi'l IA«tliyii All hi-
viif Uli' N,w ll.lllKlllHf I' IV I

I, r AM'.'v. Wi-iiiiilLi-tur ill,
Vhili'lrill I I'lwivirj, Willi „>ll
iliyl, Chinim tViwn (Hlutil of
h.iiiil (l;ill<'ry. PMrutiiltit. k),
'. ll.wgi' nil. Hull Mull. |«r
iMilrv), Wiil«rl.i'> iiliiii' lUiiliif
iiiit, (tii't'iii, rtln-et, I'M"'. C'i|n>-
I1II0 Iiwiltiitiiiui, I irahiirlaiii'l,
lniioTiu>^iii<l'H, rhrlHtimW flw
Lrk-cuuJ, Wullmntuuroiid, Irro

thfl Humo itiirtlna iKiInt uikhe
jllAin.ll 11 iitwt. fflnrr.'y Ziilwl-
I, Ixiiiaiiii roibl il'liiliihtliiiiu
•rowl IKuyiil Vloturlii Tliiln'l.
mloWK of loiiilciiil, WiiUlifiiii-
;iuter Hall, Ail.'li.hl TIuJh,
ni'iir HiiimiTtiml M;irlii'l|iuil-
'iirthuMilx'rliUiil lliiiiw, Naltiuu
iiml, l-'oiliKiiur iit.ri«t |Ki|m]r»
li.r MiilfHtin Tln'ntro fti"Ha
ike of YiirkH I'l

« Tln'ntro ftii'Hay-
'il Culitnltl. «n*n«
, lUvfut,"tri'.lll(W,
t<'»liliiu Iimtit'iloiil,

II. kl^ N^iivl t,.*M|l

, «r»l II.— r
n, %«' • II III

lUh' llifi.r I t I'Mfet'iK ,.

1^ ■lakoV'HiiM' MnMl , Ma«'*
WiMttm •Mlnii: H*m''f«

ini''_ u»it ») ''''>'> )"•"*
»i»JN«2' ''»'■"■ "►
»ijIj«iri.*LS.''''.''''. ',''■•■'•

noli IIMnwl K>mIi'. ilnw*
tflltV' ll'ir<'< r.llatLMMI
Km, lt.ii.'M«l'lr..i«; lta«M

litill, iiif.MiifMl.
"phi lift. U.|

r,i|„»<ii4|kanrt'-V»lu tl»,
il|>l»llMi||lk

I \t,., M.i iiiiiii. (II i..r urn

I IImII

ll.iH

ln.'tr I .' I
ult.'.l I n

liuia (if f ' I

■!»•"> tlMiH

frill.-"' II r

liMllluti.iiii. ii>r .1 I

rnal •li'.H.t. loth. <

■HHK IIW^M rwK
TM4»r.l.l.KHll.

MPfriri Tiririmi Thtm* m.nt \m jif.i.|iii*..| whi*n ilimtin.lnt I'r Hi"
•nmrtiiyt «*.r«iiiit< ritrti.n l.wliitf Ih.'ir il.'U.ri Art. Iiii.i.i in Im
(h.tr^i'l lli.i f.iri' fr.i'ii llm wMt ili«*iiiil (till. in from witl.'li llii< tin'n
M^rU. Tlii.y am mily iivtiljilit on lln* <! ty "f ivih rvti«« sauiMit
r« IhniIi al any lnfnnii*«li iln Mtnlloti l.y fl... rtmi.t (r iln

Rvri'iifi iin t>«v Tiinirra Th»«i Tioliil* 'iM f.ir lh» «<>iMinin'>'
dai.in of ilrHl an I ■rii.ni.t ..LuM p»««nn.ntn an.l ni.ivlmli.wl ilin.nt ko
t^'■; tt.4li.in on tl..i tit.b(lliiii Hum of r.tnway : Im*' only at tlm urincipal
■r.if iii«.io in.M* <if tint llrauiiln*!* or iii.irn t lUir Iln tl..< llii."i Tin* rtftM
i>f r.. I'l-tlim firiit.* fniin .in« tlilr.l t» on*t .tilth .10 till' I.ioIiIm J.i.ifi..*y
thnv tra Ti.il Ir iiMftir thitt, itn.l only avail kM" o.| tlm iliy of Umiim,
•lift'iit 4.1.1. a* irti ifrantittl nn tlitt Hililrtt.iy .tr Hitnt.by. wMoli rfeixi
IWilhlit null I tip' \f. inlay itvitollltf r..thiw.iu. In iim..!. .ii«..t, (hi ri.tiirn-
Inii. tliii (i.'ltxt iiiibit Im rti •tiniiioil Ijef.iru jtartlutf, or otiuirwiau wlU

not III' lllilWtnl.

HRt^t'iM rii-KK/ra ThittM llcktlii am laimil f<)r piirlo.U of not (•*"«
kh til lir.i niiinthn, a* a prloit «ptv'l illy auri....! f.ir,

UniMiiiKN InfaiitN In ariiin noi cli aru'^l ;
fiiir« of agn oharvixl half f.urn.

FKria anil (liiarrinrN TliuM «ra nok alhiwttil ta >m rwwlvail liy
Any of tint ootniiaiiy H ncrvant^; laiti:'. 'v nr.' itrlutly «tii|.iln.<'1 to pay
•vary altaiilliHi to tlin uonmnitni.xi of pit' m^.tii. A >»^\ U ifnirally
kifpt .it khft atakloiiM in whluh i<> aular incli ooiiipl.tlota iw piMMii^«r4
Duy li*va to rajmrt. ,

Tj'.ntt.ir. PiiMMtntfin ih.niM hava th.tlr nun'aan'l ilaatlnallnni
Itirihty ivrltt'-ii il[Mni tlittir hh{KiK>i, an I h.'.* It |.r'>|i<.rly .tl4|iiiat..| .if Intlta
trtilo, AN (i.iin|i.iiili« arit irit riaiioiimhln fur tlm riiirty tloT.'.if, niilnrta

hthik.*! Ill I t' il'l f'lr » r.lion t.i viili|.\ anil a r.'f.i.pt pr...'iin'.l iWoorU-

liiuty I .Ulit limn i.{M III ly Iwt rtlownil iiii'liT tli.i piMMtngfr'M m it.

4'nrrliiKra nnd lliirara mmtlai at tin. ititl.nH Mftf.'ti mluntiia
httfiin. tin* tiiii.' .if ntarliiii^ Carrlitua t>iiuki .kii.I ff.ir.tD Hot.** artt
only kitlit tt 111.' nrni.'tin! rtt.ttl.iiH . aii'l to pr.-w.iit ■li«ipji.iiiitin«'ot.
notkM'if lUi'h Im'Iiiu r>K|nlrt«l rIioiiM Im uIvi'ii tli.. .liur baf.iru. nulV

' wlil.'li art. al*i avalUI'l" t;.>I

0>ilMri'n iiii'Iar l*ilro

.rj..,.,t vi.>iKr.li..«..'-n^i:^'„, ,111 i"r*.inir.-.i'oi.iirom» » f- "V(VT,i,; ii I.,; HiiK .ir ii"i»r.Bi»». -1*'2'!~" • ■"•"

tfin «im'i''lT7T,V,;,-, _in*,.":» Ct„(r.r«i'.V.l'io Ihn ooinpan.. n"l.«« « Ha \ -^Zi^i,^ .1.1.. „l

_-■'.. 1. ..,, i: Uat.-. K.. . laai. t. U ' a . i

tii. r.aioittin^ lti.«ii<Hiaaa*a ) auJ II1im4.mm Iuu. LiaaivotM Um....
(Ih.apihli.

Riina Aprimtnia M *ii I'mmnr niitixn.

I.I "iitna f.i .triy.ir \» Ikhio'I l<i nany any arti.'ln iiijiuloiM tn hla
vul.Ml.i WlHi (li.i III f..rit.|rlvt.r< intv'iariiii il tor i 't.ih arti I., of

111114 *■*** t¥l tliH faro anioniila to I • ilrtV'.r.t viftrry frun of I'liaraa

iirh t.'a an.ili >ia Iraviilll.nr I'M P'irtiil anbna.h "r Irintll. Ilia

> . "al tliriin finil inltMiiiiii, all 'i'.li..r arti.ilaaot lilMMa

I' I lolnilair. %i aiwlh, N'' <mall parotil, Inmli, umMilMi

oi oially attrria.! In Ilia h.t . I. to li.i Niihii'iit til aiiy alMrtf<

wiit'.'v.r. 1. I II o t<«<ll4ll Ilia oil ir(a luf |iaaaau<ian of llgnag*

wttliin tint iNif.Hii^h aiiiittttt 'ia.

tlrirt n ahall mil oarry npira paaaany ra than thi.lr vi'hiiilaa an »nn-

•Irii.'tii't I ir, all.iivinaalUtairalaof all i iinilnta fur nn-h »liilt tam

u'lii IriMi, U.twHati Ihaacaaof thraaan 1 i.tv.'lya, l.i .'.mnr aa on.i a-l'i'l

UrlV'.ra. wlian aaiil for. ahull ba hoiln I lo prtMittn.! from Mm nI.iii I to
llni r.iii I.ii... 'if ihahlrar irltliti.il aitn iliar^a ; lint if «.i.it atvayaiiili-
U'lt li.'iiia..in|il.iy.>.|. limit ahall Im antlii •! lo Ilia ftr.'of <i«|i>iii.ia.

I>ri«ar<. If il.it tiiiiitl al Ilia nahlan. . if Ilia hirttr for morn than H'a

niinihiit lii.f.irtiatartlntf. ahall ha p.ll.l f iraibih .l.itt.nri it Iha riitn of

till- .'iHftnia fur i<vt>ry ipiartar hour (!n<.iiaan.'tt.l ; atiil In all MMa tha
r.<.jiU*r fara ahall ooniin.'ii.ta al Iha Iim of •lurtlnii.

riniM wiii>i.i.r wniiiirui llniioiiiin
f)// < ' n una 'II' 'IK riiii' 'hi nrtiitr M iiMarladt, t«/i>rtA«Hd i»li4lStr

l\,' MriHj It by (imr .ir .ilVrialrr.

v,i, I -n.i V" nn'ii. I. ii.

From any plaxit within tha .Mnnl.'li. I II .mil try. itlroot In any
ot'i.T plan., wlililii tha anin.i. fur .lul luoru tliaii two aitnll
P'T'illll 0 J

11^' vy Mi.t hoiira of 10 p. m an.l 'i i m 1 0

Tw i.'hil Imi. ii.'tur.mo Iha au.'a of tlir..a*nil l«alva,e<Miul M on*
a lull. Vo oliiirifo for oini alilM

For iii.ira than Iw.i piT'tona. al any h mr , ,

If imIIilI np'iii t.i at.ip In tha ooiin ' nf a aai down. IhHilrlvnv
iii'i t liif.irin tint hlnir lliat an alllllonal ohama ol tlipuiiM
Will Iw in I'U otharwiaa Iha dam tn t lo ba lUagal.
W.I. 1 «i rima.

F.ir Milt flrtl li.nir. or any part th.iri.i>' ■••..

Kui' «v.-<rr li.ilf hoar aftar tha rtral hoiiy

K.iiiiw I'iinrhY wiriim anojyrm'iiT, on wuuixv

«•• a a* ■«,

1 0

iHHiiiinK. in wnir.ii otia... .-..i.-i......"* .... -^ .i L i— .i,.«.i

ilu. r.'Kular fara o< ahoul Ik p«i oaul. U uiatlo upuu Iha deolMOd
valua akwvu ii4<l.

nol mora
(olnv and

raaii
(I.

Ouailniiit
y till' r-'lylt'

I roiwl, AlUiny itlrtt-t (('..l.i «im,
Alhiiiiy Tavi'm Inuai It. utila-

II anil Viirtli Watarn llallvf.
nun KonnliiKton OaK «ii. taka
[iiwatrift. I'i'iilon place l-i|rrf»
niH ll.llWl.'^ Kl.'pliiiiil anil ( iltltl,
ou, llllinl Hohoiil, (lU-litkl. ilroal
1, Maipluli'ii lliwpll.1, ll.alatd
innk'wof lAinilonl, Hri.lK" <tr»it
!lmrch. llrailnliawii llui'liJ oflloo,
Piinnil" U»'l' <!liaiiTOry laiioll.ln-
iMirn. Oray'i liin-Iaiie Idrayiinn
all, Kinii'» t'niM (llroal NiTthiini
ru II 'udun wid North-Wcrtcra

ni re their atartlni point at

(oi ..0 roiul IViiwutriH'l aiul

nli'nai, H iKlistrei't lAlui«li.m»<«l,
i I Philanthropic limlltntion. Illliid
lUnyal Siirri-y ihratru. Hoirlaiid
llini viuw of l/in.loiil. Briilp'^iitrtft
ntreel, Ht. Paillii <!hiirchiarl iHt
I Chi'.ipiililu. Bt. Martini-iiKlraml
Tfvt (the (Icnoml I'oirt Moi.'ydnUir
3<)«wolUlr<)et-road, WinnVm (the
lu-itreat, Whlh) Ooudutt Uouwl,

nn hctween Hiiihliiiry P.aco and
r iBli'.Rton. (liHwoU HtTfl Uoal,
0 OraniC (Icni-ml I'ort ''U';". i"''
iiiiniv Babv anp TBI Koval
Howl. NdW North Bniwl, mil Mour-
ANn The Hank, iiii Kiin *h Town,
rt Road. Hollmni. and Chi'iilwiW-
VfttTMlNtTKK. I'll' Hollonay, Hull-
, Koiul dray's Inn Lam lliilliorn.
.nil, and rarlianiwit Htrer. lli-tw;'e!i
Ulliiir, 1)1.1 Hc'Ven Sisters toj;;. 11(1^
1, Muorgate HUect, aadKa^Wai"* ^

S 6

aniA.Ai5

%ii s s s s s say"

' ^' ' ^ ^■sm33S'i 8 8S5S3SI

3S'^ § a a 8 g'S'^SS*? s —

< S 8 af 2 Sass*-"--" -" aa— .-

a " '< -a . !

CAB PARKS

FHOM Hill arATiON.

Ret down In Town between Uridga taS Pound.
To the DarKlo

Waterfall

nii'ii of the UnwDi

Delnany

Greyitonea,

Two Pai-
Muiara.

1. d.

a

rxiin BT DiaTANOK

1 I

S 0
8 0

Two Piw-

MDfftn.

0 6

rvu iir
inor« Pm*
■i-nRffra,

•. d.

0 10

1 0
« 0
4 0
4 0
J 4

"Thrfaor

lu.ira Paa*

aaniara.

1. d.

0 9

- .- iraa

If-v-

rwi''."iti"'ia?' """•'"« '-""id *1 mlimte* lo Imi paid f.ir mioh
liriv.ip'. ^ at the rain .if threepenoe f.ir erury t|Uiult>/-hour.

•^^^ Ifo. % -By Tim:

-Vile llrit l"'i inlniitmi or under, tor uol mar* Uun two ailiUt

yintmn, a f.iri- of.

<1i<i fori'iioliiii rtte t<i ha Inoreaaad to U. Iwlweeu Ihuhounot

10 p.m., aii.l nan) ,

In reckoning farna, tw.i ohii'iran, hatwet'n the %am of three tiaa

Iwi'Ive. t'Mio. lilt 114 one a.lult. ^^o nharfu fur one child

For mure than two pemoiia. al any hour 1 0

For i-r.'ry further t.'ii inlniitea 0 0

No drivir to 1." iHiiinl to a time aogaxemeul bayond thirty
mlnuttia, except by aMri'einenl

4'OII.VrV WII'KUtW.

nnW HTATION CAB KAHRS.
rftr DuhUn ami irii-A'nio U'tilie<m Compi%»ii Aat-B ndiWt/A thi mhjolntti
/I'lfii'alloiM anJ Parri /or all Cotj or Vari aUmltttil to tlu Bray
Stallon '—

„ aru iimially chat tedM. for any dlatODoe under 13 mHea : aliove
latanoo aluut )d. >>eraille. A proper place la amlgnod to thorn,

it loBldo the carriages

'•reeUu -The toUuwOI an the BooUag Offloei In London tot

ORIAT WB»r«iu(.-T» PaddUi*foo Htollon; Bull and Month, Ht.
MartlB'a-lo-aroB'l ; 351. 0'fonl Street, uear the Pantheon : 37. King
SuUt^CbeiWi>a4; U'tibatriNt Hill, 3|ipo)it« the Manameuti KC

■tM

f '.aiy ■kaal I

■ KHiRt toil It rtnra.

I aiid Uaaii aAf .lialaatia iial I

_tM«*.liiib I f

n<iMM»Mi)aai)'lltn«a*at»ltnita>r,.lc4.l ahalf I i

BoaaliJ* aula awlalialfi.il III.!.. . . • . . .il.* ,.,, I i

■aeawiltilf laNMM.lia and (I'll I t. . .1 ti.iif i i

■•eaalla^Uirai. .o.l.a aii.| Hill 4 •»

WH WHiaJaiirtl'itfnt hlrailandla ■ .- ....g

[itawjBlMa.i' . ' .h.lf .,.'.,'„■, I •

l>||«aUllia ••' • i.t.lM ,,., I 1

|<.H»llllg II. . Ina I f

I'lati.

ti.ia hh

K.ir .

' r If 'rj

■ ..".It 'tit

M III oli.'.r tjarria

I 1.

.Nl.ili Ki' .. I I
<ir eini't ly.ii' aft. r tlio Il-
'l I .I'.fiHi'a Ml tha oiiiri
llrtl.Uy .if IKjIuUir,
rt'i 1 lii.fira itavati o'.it i.iii in ll|ii
ilHir an 1 the linn <Ur

IIIIIJ, l.ul

t<\ 1 afi.ir tl

. Iha niiirnlna till twalva o'aliMb

' I •■•I <» "f '(.'.iiiatl

'I al Higkl
Vl.il

,,.i i|..riliia4
r.li.i .i.l'.i.a a> n j(lil, and laif.lM
I 'Ifi llr.l lay of kpnl an.l III

if taiiilna .I'i't.hk al nIghiL
I III .r.iliM. iHilai I'lii th.i i|. 'I i| iv III
f .ittril. Ill I'liili I'll .iv.iry f If Iha

iHitai I.III th.i II. .1 1 1.

aUtll Im alliw.il iiii| pill .|iii|lil.i Ih.i fuMimi^ (lay Van.a. |.i M
I' Miipiit".! riiia the aai I liiiai- uf liv>ilra o'.il i.jii. aol .tilinil.ii.^l is
nii'iitiir kfiiiutii 1 . lint In all nii't wlier.i .|ii.' ilirrla4>* aliitl h*
v.Miij.i I Ix.fiiru Iwi'lvii .I'l'l'iili at ir^'it I'l I >I'<fmii.| aft >r thai bouffi
tiii.'iiixlu fartt nli.ill Ihi eal.'iilii" 1 iii in Mi<> liinr of twi'lv

IIILI. 4 AH rtHKN.

OHfiiinaai and f'liw fr. II ti.i)..ai.i t il.it. i wilt the arrival of IM

ftallway I'ralna, ('.i.hilo'i. aii.l Nii..|iii I'aaliala. aii'l will talie paMenMf

' t.i anvptrlof Hull.

Any .|l .taiii'.. ii.it •'i.'uthlin^ a mile

•i'i

Kihch mile or port of n mile

rAKRH nv T1MK.

The whr>1o(tA7(nnti4Xct*u<linff 12 hoiin} 10 0 13 0

The hint hour, or fraotioiml (lort nf ' 10 18

Erurya'Mitiimal hiklf hour .„. 0 1 0

Any ilriTtT tleiniiiulniK morit thiiii hti iimtwr fam or rtifunlntr to titke
A fare whtMi uiUlixl, will he t>x«'lu<1(vi frtm thn ynnl. DisputiM aa to
VikTi-n fiml DlftUiiicw will \h> m'ttK«.l by the fltutinii Miwtcr,

Half fiin« are charK»"ihh) ref.uniing, Inchi-linK a stoppaRe of half an
hoiir; any <l<)t4Mitlon AtH)rt' that ttuie to be paid fur at Uiu rat«of 6da
for each lialf hour, or part thi-ruof.

The hlriiitf In every oaiw to be at the option of the yoMengett. Two
ohltJruii uuiler 10 years to be counte<l ai oao adult. ChlMren under on«
jttar to htt oarrivil free. No rratuitiea to be demaDded by the drlTen.

NA9t'«nKHTKK HAVKMBV COACH l-'AREli. ~

Fach Ooach Proprietor makea his oim chance : but ffenernllv the
followtug wtU be round painted in lante (duuacten en thu outalde of
etkob Oo»oh : -

On or two PAMfnKCFtt M. per mile.
Three er more PaaiieBfera* !■• per mile*
One-third more for evorr additional mile, or fraction of a mile.
In caiu! of ootHpliiint, ai>ply at ibo Town Hall, Kirifr Ht,, Maucheeter.
Priver to tfivu the hirer a tiekdt. In aO cmm, on entering the Tehtcle,
and to prtMluoe Bye-I^wa and TaUv { Viire^ 12 required, under a
I Feualty ol JTortv fshUlincr

t tliKir Idtfif i«

_. . *trtnii>i not ••ii'iMtiiiru ii mhi** ..,..,, , ,,

Any didUihiA mil motK-tiiitf half n mile allNf the tln4ailKM

atliltlioiial (I n

Kvitry «toii|iimH afltir lh*< llr*li fan to IaIih up or not aiur itown , , , 0 d
Kvi<ry fiuartMrMf aiihoiirliiM'i'<*>i>tl>)iiaftf(rtMliii|uallwror MUt AW 0 d

l*i<i«<in«<]allliitf for a (,'>><miIi <ui I not UAlutf It, l4ipay | 0

Atty tliiiH iioti mni'iidiitg half >hii hour. , ,, , | d

Kvii Y Kitin'i wllrttf <|iiart>'r <<r an hoitf , 0 A

A >l<«y (not n«iiitM<lntg U liourM) ,.., H Q

Wittirn the far4( ani<i'nit4 tii lit . Dim hlmr to b«t «t lltmrty to detain

thH (;arrUtf« an hour, and rnfMni for half fare.
llifhiKM nnt'lo botwt'iiti twi Ivh At hluht and Mfnu lu thil n* ^nilug.
Ut \m <hinl>lH tin* fartM Mtatml ahove

U%i:ill'OOI. 4 4MMI A^ll V\n V%U¥M wox

LiMi; »i»i.i;r iiAii.n.i% ntaiiom.

Cr Oh

it
,1 Ul 0

9 69 6

' I '
il0«6

1 H 3 «

.1 U.4 II

'l n'j (I

TO

AharerninMe winare « *.. . .
Alifhnrth. Tliraa miaa

Kiilwoial I'arkiala ....
Auliiirtli. HI. IlliltuwI'l-

r.iait, Aluliiirth mail ,...
natha or ■•aii.lliiii iWan

(liHirtfe a Pier

U««.ii. l..|,V/ '..i.i.MMlM

H.h.i.iU ...

no..ili. lane Hallway HIa.
Il.ii.ll,. t.ia.1, (Mil I'ofl liar.

Hank Hall

UouUe-road, Mnntey View 3 ii I H

„ (^ulfee ll.iiiae 3 H II A

riarenoe n.v;k, north tui.l 'i 'i -I 0

ColKiiirii D.iok, aoutb ifda 'i 0 3 0

( ■ tatle alnii'l i! "' '

(1'iiit.itn llonae 1 11 1 rt

(lollevlate IniitltiltI'm .... 1 0 1 »

l!.iltlo Miirki't. Ol.l Hiran 'i 11 3 rt

CahluiKe Hall. Wi'itt lli-rliy 'J rt 3 rt

K.1ki' hill l'a«ii'iiKer.-4tatl.in I » 3 0

Klin Hall. rr. iiaivii, Vmi\ 3 iin rt

KalkniTifiiiar I « 8 rt

riaiul.l.'r U'rrace, ll.ipn at |1 II 1 rt

(Irt.at Mumty at . Klrk.lale 1 U 3 0

(Ireen hank.fw. Hailik.ini'1 3 U 4 rt

UoiMvitrt'et, Upper I'urlia- '

iniiiit atreel \"i"

KIrkdalellaol ? BSD

l-iw hill (lolTi-o Home .... I 0 I il

Moaeleyhill (0. Lawrenoel 3 rt Ml

NeCTopoUa I "1 11

(ililHwan Inu 3 ii I il

IMillliannoiilallall.llopi'at 1 II I rt

Prlaee'l Plea, aonth en.l . . 1 0 I rt

TO

>l« o

Prlnaea Phtr. it'trlhand . I
I'riii.'e'a I'ark. prin.-lpal
iral". eiiil of rriiiouwi '

Parlt r.'ivl 1 0.4 4

Priii.xia IVirk. outh atut I

•boiiii.l.iry I rt'S I

Park lll.iniane) } {| } {

f>'i do. Wi'""
Hamlon l).K'k

"amlon l).K'k I rtij

S^O.r.ilI.:'•.i.•■:•.';..•*:■.:.L■■ji^

Ml .Taunn' Olinruh il « 1

1811;

Ht Niiiholaa' l.'hnroh.

Ht Panlitdhnreh

Ht. Mary'a ibiiruK <&■«»

hill lilt

HI .lainea' UaDNlarx, Uuka-

afreet ,,.,. I I'l I

It. M.irya VmmUrt. Kirk I

dale ■ ** •

Htanliy lloek

rhellrHik. Weat Derby .

ToHii Hall

Tokaeco \Varehoiiaa

ITpper Parllanniiilatreal.

Hnilth.lown lane 1 OS

Waterloo l>tH.'k 1111

Wellliiiitoii rowl, Park road 4 0 1

Waverireti-lirldtfe 'I U 3

WellluKt4in-Mtnrtit, Waver-i

treeMa.1 tea I

Wavi'rtree (/titlee Hoiliie,

Wariirtrio 3 1)4 0

WaH.iii Clmroli " 0 I D

/.ouliigloal (lariuiu I Ii 1 d

■ :ili 111!

Cau oh fan eonveyliiii not more than two pnaatiiireiit, a;ui liic*
gaiti' lint more than HSIIia. In wii^lit, an.ig dlntaiiue not eio.'w'.uw boll

.^iiil, iutij/il lo the ahavt SiuHnl K'rri J<.r tlu>r dUdiiKM lAr /olloiotafl

Italrn hr mUoUril —

OWTINCE, Car or C'ah Couch. , Dt.TANoa. Car or Cab Coach.

1. d. i d ■ d. a. d.

Not eioeedlug 1 mite 10 I 6 ,' 3 andnot eiod. 31 mllua. i rt B{

landnolexca.lt ,. JJJ«i*J» " !. " ! 2 5 S

It .. * " J 0 » 0 I 4 „ ** " J 5 11

J « 36 S« 4i „ • ., 10 »•

31 " I „ 3 0 4 > I

The Tare for any diitance beyond Bva mllea to bo the labjeot oC
Special agreement, ,

Coaoii to oarry all ram.miore and 3 owt. of IngBttiio; OAR. lout
panwngem and i owt. of li «nage ; Two-wheelod Oah, two pamugvra
and 1 cwt of luggage.

An a<ldlllon of omi-hal'. the ordinary fare, nr no much of any faro
an iu..r lie i»<rfomiu.l r jter Twelve at Night lujl before Hli Ui ib«
Muruiug, P'ay bu obary .,1.

Uadarae Tnosaud's Ezhibitioa

BAZA/ a^H

AT ini

B A K K R
LONDON.

STREET.

T JJTABUSHED HEARLY A OBNTTIRT.

Tlu Tt ^„ ., A .,11 nth aUtea ; -" In no other place In ■Riirope af«

^c'' v^^S£«o,r^"rU:ti.^rbo'^^^^^^^^^

(X , TOt UP the n

n

'd;

^rC

min ui UHMj

'^'/^'^■\^:u -f-

•""" *^ J ,

^ /

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