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JOURNAL 


O  F 


A    V  O   Y   A  G   E       IN     1775. 


To  explore  th«  coaft  ot  America,  Northward  of  California, 


By  the  fecond  Pilot  of  the^Fleet,  Don  Francisco 
Antonio  Maurelle,  in  the  King's  Schooner, 
called  the  Sonora,  and  commanded  by  Don 
Juan  Francisco  de  la  Bodega, 


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;.  .  .  •. ... 


R     E 


C      E. 


TH  E  following  journal  having  beca  placed  in  my  hand* 
for  perufal,  I  conceived  it  to  be  fo  interefting  for  the  im- 
provement of  Geography,  that  I  defired  permiffion  to  tranflate  and 
publifli  it. 

I  was  principally  induced  to  take  this  trouble,  becaufe  I  iup- 
pofed,  that  the  Spaniards,  from  their  pioft  peculiar  jealoufy  with 
regard  to  their  American  dominions'^  would  never  permit  that 
navigators  of  other  countries  (particularly  the  English)  (Iiould 
know  the  excellent  ports  of  the  Weftern  part  of  America  ia 
high  Northern  Latitudes,  which  are  here  laid  down  with  fuch  ac- 
curacy and  precifion,  together  with  the  abundant  fupply  of  marts, 

fire  wood,  and  water  which  may  be  procured  in  moft  of  them. 

.-  .  *         .  _         . '     > .       ■  ■■-  ■  ' 

•  That  moft  able  Hiftorlan  Dr.  Robertfon,  after  having  mentioned, 
that  moft  of  the  American  papers  are  depofited  in  the  Archivo  of 
Simanca,  near  Valladolid,  thus  proceeds  : 

**  The  profpedt  of  fuch  a  treafure  excited  my  moft  ardent  curlofity; 
**  but  the  profpedt  of  it  only  is  all  that  I  have  enjoyed.  Spain,  with 
•*  an  excefs  of  caution,  hath  unifofmly  thrown  a  veil  over  her  tranf- 
**  aftions  in  America  :  from  ftrangers  they  are  conc^'alcd  with  peculiar 
**  folicitudc."    Preface  to  the  Hiftory  of  America,  p.  ix* 

«  It 


m'-J 


/'' 


%'^: 


[     iV    T 

It  appears,  by  Venegas's  Hiftory  of  California,  pubUfhcd  in 
1747  s  that  great  jealoufy  was  then  entertained  of  our  difcover- 
ing  a  N.  W.  paflageS  becaufe  they  apprehended  we  (hould  annoy 
the  coafts  of  Mexico  and  Peru. 

Nothing  however  can  be  more  groundiefs  than  thefe  fufpicions, 
for  whenever  a  N.  W.  or  any  other  Northern  communication  is. 
found  between  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Oceans,  it  may  be  boldly 
pronounced  that  fuch  paflage  will  be  fa,  very  firecarious,  as  never 
to  anfwer  the  purpofe  of  expeditions  in  time  of  war,  or  commerce 

during  peace. 

The   Spaniards  (hould,   after   our   late  voyages   of  difcovery 
(which  refleA  fo  much  honour  upon  his  Majefty's  reign),,  be  con- 
viuced  that  the  Englilh  Nation  is  aftuated  merely  by  defiring  to, 
know  as  much  as  poflible  with  regard  to  the  planet  which  we 
inhabit,  and  to  which  our  geographical  inquiries  are  neceflarUy 

bounded.  •      ■       , 

This  diftruft  on  the  part  of  Spaia  would  more  wifely  be  di- 
reded  agalnft  the  Ruffians,  who  from  Camlkatlka  might  eafiiy 
cftablilh  themfelves  on.  the  W.  coaft  of  America,  and  from  thence 
perhaps  in  time  Ihake  their,  unwieldy,  and  already  tottering  em- 

plre^  ^     "       :i 

From  thefe  ill-founded  apprehenfions  of  what  the  Enghlh, 
may  meditate  againft  their  American  Dominions  on  the  Weftern 
coall  of  that  vaft  contlnenr,  they  will  not  permit  an  individual,, 


b  Madrid,  3. vol.  Qliarro»     ..-        ,.  •        j    1 

c  Ig-ualmente  notorias  fon  las  ruidofas,.y  />rr/^aJ<7J.  tentitivas  dc  las 
Li^UJes,  para  hallar  un  paffage  al  mar  del  Sitr,  por  eL  Norte.de  Anenca.. 

Ibul.  T.  111.   p.  225.  .  ^  r 

*>  1  am  accordingly  informed,  that  the  Emprefs  means  to  fit  out  loiyr 
veffels  on  the  xoaH  of  Camlkatfka,  which  are  to  be  employed  m  dil- 
coverit«s,  during  the  proper  feafon  of  1 78  i, 

eyea 


o, 


f-f'-i'JS 


.,Mtmii*rri.T>y^i  imni^n'i"-'^'^^*'"'*^'-'^-' 


ff'-i-'jS''' 


even  of  our  nation,  to  fct  his  foot  in  their  part  of  America,  even 
for  fcientific  purpofes  '. 

Notwith {landing  this  perpetual  diftruft  of  this  country  in  the 
Spaniards,  and  our  prefent  war  with  them,  I  will  venture  to 
fay,  that  an  attack  upon  the  city  or  province  of  Mexico,  would 
not  be  advifable  on  our  part.  If  the  Spaniards  indeed  adtcd 
wifely,    they    fhould    themfelves    abandon  it,    for    the   mines 


.# 
* 


oiiX: 
diC-  .    ' 


•  The  tranfadtlon  I  here  allude  to  is  the  following.  Lord  Morton, 
as  Prefident  of  the  Royal  Society,  applied  to  the  then  Spanifh  ambaf- 
fador  at  our  Court  in  1766,  for  leave  that  an  Engllfli  Aftronomer  might 
obfcrve  the  Tranfit  of  Venus  (cxpcded  in  1769)  on  fome  part  of  Cali- 
fornia. This  was  however  refufed,  when  his  Lordfhip  requeued,  that 
Father  Bofcowich,  a  foreigner  and  ^ood  C.UhoUciy  might  have  the  fame 
pcrmiffion ;  in  which  he  was  at  firfl:  more  fuccefsful,  but  the  favon-- 
vvas  even  then  granted  with  many  clogs,  and  the  pcrmiffion  at  laft  re- 
called, on  account  of  his  being  a  Jefuir,  who  were  at  that  time  banilhed 
from  Old  and  New  Sjniin. 

At  the  fame  time  Chappe  Dauteroche  obtainetl  this  permiffion,  and 
for  the  fame  purpofe;  the  confcqiicncc  of  which  hath  been,  that  a  draft 
of  the  city  of  Mexico,  in  its  prefent  flatr,  was  found  amongft  his 
papers,  and  publifhed  by  his  Catholic  Majcll7's  good  allies,  the  French, 
for  the  information  of  his  enemies. 

I  once  applied  myfelf  to  the  late  Prince  Maflcrano  (fo  defervedly 
efteemed  whilft  refident  as  Minifter  of  Spain  in  England)  that  an  in- 
genious German,  named  Kukahn  *,  might  be  permitted,  under  anv 
rcaridlions,  to  go  from  La  Vera  Cruz,  to  any  part  of  the  province  of 
Mexico,  merely  to  colleft  fpecimcns  of  Natural  Hiftory.  I  was  alfo  re- 
fponfible  that  he  never  would  attend  to  any  thing,  during  his  journies, 
but  the  animals  he  might  meet  with.  Though  I  Vnade  this  application 
by  a  channel  which  his  excellency  would  have  lvh  u  defirous  to  oblige, 
yet  he  excufed  himfelf,  from  its  being  a  fundamentai  rule  with  the 
Court  of  Spain,  that  ho  foreigner  be  permlttid  topafs  through  anv  part 
of  their-  dominions  on  the  continent  of  America. 


'A 


eir 

in 


*  .-.ee  nil  account  of  his  method  of  piefening  animals,  and  placing  them  in  thei 
proper  attitncies,   (Ph.  TranK)     He  u  no-,v  fft^-.bliftK-cl  in  f.ur.aica,  and  hath  hicccedcd  it 
ri^iftng  Ln.ny  Farnpcan  tanrs,  as  rdlb  pioducis  of  onr  !u:dKn-:udc!U,  in  ibmc  ground 
whicii  lie  nath  p.nchaled,  about  haituay  up  a  ijiountain.  ^ 

-*  :  ,^~^-  •  ^  ^  within 


^fir^ 


•j: 


1     i-r  V-^-f '-r-f"*""^"  'VAtaMt^**-  ■  -ap^A  .   ..-    -.       -  JWilHJUI^a  .  •  -^v^Nt'iU.f--'- 


r 


r 


within  nny  convenient  cUftance  are  nearly  exliaufted,  whilft  the 
charge  of  bringing  quickfilver   from  I.a  Vera  Cru/,  is  thereby 
greatly  augmented.     Vencgas   therefore  informs   us,  that   it  is 
not  worth  while  to  work  the  more  abundant  mines  of  Sonora 
to  the  Northward,   from  this  increafe  of  expence.     The  filver  in- 
deed, at  fo  diftant  a  period  as  1 5oyears  ago,  was  chiefly  brought  from 
St.  Lewis  de  Sacatecas,  which  is  nearly  lOO  leagues  N.  of  Mexico  ^ 
This  objeaion  docs  not  hold  with   regard  to  the  continuing  to 
work  the  filver  mines  of  Peru,  as  the  fiimous  one  of  quickfilver, 
called  Gunr.acabelka,  is  fituated  in  the  fame  province.     It  is  be- 
lieved alfo,    that  the  go}d  mines  in  America,    as   they   arc   im- 
properly called,  anfwcr  as  little  to  the  Spaniards.    At  leaft  I  have 
been  informed,  by  a  perfon  who  refided  two  or  three  years  in. 
Brafi),    wliich    furni(hts  the  greateft  quantity  of  this  preci<nis 
metal,  that  thofc  who  go  in   fcarch  of  it  are  not  paid  above  a 
Ihilling  per  day   for  their  labours.     Gold  is  never  found  in  the 
ftate  of  ore,  or  by  digi^ing  deep  into  the  bowels  of  the  earth  ;  the 
adventurers  therefore  go  in  companies  of  five  or  fix  to  explore 
thofe   parts   where  they  conceive   themfelves  to  have  the  beft 
chance  of  finding  it  near  the  furface,  but  often  return  after  being 
out  months,  with  a  very  fmall  portion,  by  which  the  fiitigues. 
and  dangers  they  have  Ir.curred  are  poorly  topeiifiiti^ 

As  little  would  it  anfwer  to  take  pofleilion  of  Acapulco,  for 
the  fake  of  an  annual  fhlp  which  would  prefently  change  its 
rendefvouz  for  another  port,  or  of  Panama,   in  order  to  inter- 


^    f  To  this  it  may  be  adde(],  that  the  fituation  of  Mexico  is  very  un- 
healthy, Ga^^e  comparing  the  many  canals  to  thofe  of  Ycnice    which, 
are  often  highly  offenfn  e.   f  See  Gage's  Survey  of  the  W.  Indies. J     It  is 
alfo  fubjcft  to  great  inundations ;  and  Don  Alzate  informs  the  Academy. 
of  Sciences  at  Paris,  that  during  the  years  1736  and  176S  more  than. 
one-third  of  the  inhabitants  died  of  th,e  black  vomit. 


-»#*.■«*-* 


.*L- 


^'„^!iu3fc1»'':V^-.wi(*  i^^JMr^ 


^ua'^^^^^^^-^"  T.:.A^^iii£^ 


4>ife- 


't 


copt  the  flotilla,  wnich  by    late  regul.itlojis  is  never  to  toucli 
there ».  ♦         "  ;      • 

The  Spaniards  moreover  (hould  learn  from  wliat  England  hath 
fufFcred  by  conquering  Canada  for  our  ungrateful  colonies,  that 
the  fettlement  of  a  rival  nation  to  the  Northward  of  Mexico, 
would  poffibly  operate  in  favour  of  the  mother  country. 

We  have  experienced  thia  moft  unnatural  rebellion  within  a 
few  years  after  we  had  removed  the  dread  of  the  French  in  Ca- 
nada from  them,  and  after  every  foftering  indulgeuce  on  our 
part.  What  may  the  Spaniards  therefore  have  occafion  to  dread 
from  their  vaft  American  Empire,  the  inhabitants  of  which  they 
are  perpetually  opprclfiiig  with  their  enormous  duties  and  taxes  ? 
•  Thus  much  have  I  ventured  to  fay  in  hopes  that  the  court  of 
Spain  will  rather  promote,  than  obfl:ru£t,  any  future  voyage  of 
difcovery,  in  the  Northern  parts  of  the  Pacific  Ocean* 

lam  forry  that  1  have  not  an  opportunity  of  engraving  with 
this  journal  the  nine  charts  which  (hould  accompany  it  ;.  but  as 
the  Latitudes  and  Longitudes  of  the  new  Difcoveries  on  the  coaft 
of  America  are  io  accurately  ftated,  1  (hpuld  hope  that  the  pub- 
lication, will  at  lead  convince  the  Spaniards  how  little  it  will  an- 
fwer  the  purpofe  of  myftery  to  withhold  them. 

It  appears  by  this  journal  that  the  Viceroy  of  Mexico  fent  fomc 
other  (hips  on  difcovery  to  the  Northward  in  a  preceding  year,  and 

s  The  lih-er  from  Peru  and  Chili  is  cither  now  fent  over  part  of  the 
Andes  to  Blicnos  Ayres,  qy  otherwife  tranfraitted  in  fingle  regirter  (hips 
round  Cape  Horn..  The  ellablifhmcnt  of  Galcons*  failing  in  a  fleet 
from  Cadiz  being  now  alio  aboliilicd,  Carthagcna,  Porto  Belle,  and 
Panama,  are  become  more  than  ufclefs  to  the  Spaniards,  as  the  climates  ■ 
are  bad,  whilft  the  civil  and  military  eibbliflimcnt  at  each  is  very  ex-- 
p^nlive. 

.        *  "      .  that 


iatf:" 


-*** 


1 


**^^ 


[ 


•  •• 

vin 


] 


tliat  they  procctletl  to  N.  Lat.  55.  Don  Juan  Peres,  who  was 
enjipi^  on  board  tlic  Frigate  in  tlie  prcfcnt  voyage,  had  fome 
ftation  in  the  former,  and  carried  with  him  a  chart  of  the  coaft, 
in  many  of  the  parts  which  were  then  explored.  i     . 

I  am  forry  not  to  be  able  to  ftatc  any  further  particulars,  but 
think  it  rijrht  to  mention  thus  much,  in  hopes  that  it  may  pro- 
duce fomt  account  of  this  former  voyage.  ^ '  -  ii      *' 

I  fhould  conceive,  that  both  the  one  and  the  other  were  pro- 
duced  by  our  attempts  to  difcover  aN.W.  Paflage;  becaufe  it 
will  be  found,  that  wherever  the  Spaniards  landed  they  were  in- 
ftruftcd  to  take  pofllfhon  (though  not  to  keep  it)  with  every  polTn 
hie  formality,  wliich  undoubtedly  was  to  be  fet  up  as  a  complete  . 
title  againft  future  claimants,   by  right  of  difcovery. 

The  compiler  of  the  prefent  journal,  D.  Antonio  Maurelle, 
ferved  on  board  the  fciiooncr  employed  on  this  voyage  (together 
with  a  frigate)  under  the  title  of  Second  Pilot  of  the  Fleet '.     .. 

In   one  of  the  written  opinions  which  he  gave  whilft  thus' 
employeJ,  he  ftates,  that  he  had  ferved  ten  years  in  the  Bay  of 
Bifcay  S  and  feems  to  have  been  a  moft  diligent  navigator ;  whilft,  . 
to  his   lionour,  he  always  advifes  the  proceeding  to  as  high  a 
Northern  Latitude  as  poffible,  though  fome  of  his  brother  officers 

almoft  dclpair.  '  "  •  '■• 

At  the  clofe  of  the  journal  a  very  accurate  table  is  given  of  ^ 
tlie  (hip's  courfc  for  each  day,  with  no  lefs  than  nine  columns. 

Having  however  confulred  fome  moft  experienced  and  able 
fea-ohicers  on  this  occafion,  they  have  advifed  me  only  to  print 

^  I  undcritand  that  wc  have  no  rank  in  our  marine  fcrvice  which  an- 

fw^rs  at  all  to  this.  .     .    ,      «^  .\.    r>  if    r 

^   Ihc  cxpreillon  in  the  original  is  Golfo  de  las  2  rgujjs    ov  the  Gulf  of 

Marcs.     'I  he  Spaniards  alio  call  the  gulf  of  Mexico  G0//0  ac  lat  Uervas, 


A^- 


^34- 


-     »•''• 


^. '■■*'-':  ,*U*.-  . 


[  «  ] 

a  few  of  thefc  heads',  as  fome  of  them  would  not  be  csfily  uii- 
derilood  by  any  navigator,  who  is  not  a  Spaniard. 

Upon  the  whole,  it  is  hoped,  that  this  account  of  an  eight 
months  navigation  on  the  unfrequented  coaft  of  America,  will 
prove  a  valuable  addition  to  geograpiiy  ;  efpecially  as  our  im- 
mortal Captaia  Cook  had  fo  few  opportunities  of  examining  moft 
parts  of  the  fame  continent  to  the  Weftward '",  though  his  dif» 
coverics  to  the  Northward,  will  prove  fo  intcrefting. 


'  ft  is  right  alfo  to  obferve,  that  (though  I  give  the  column  which 
ftates  the  Variation  of  the  Needle)  it  is  not  fpccified  whether  the  Vari- 
ation is  Weft  or  Eaft  ;  1  ihould  rather  indeed  luppofc  it  to  be  the  latter, 
on  the  authority  of  Dr.  Hallcy,  though  perhaps  the  diredion  may  have 
altered  fincc  the  laft  century.  This  doubt  however  will  be  fettled  when 
i'apt.  Cook's  laft  voyage  is  publiflied. 

»*  This  is  fiiid  to  have  been  occafioncd  by  unfavourable  winds. 


Ik- 


*t 


As 


.  .\ 


V. 


iJVi|i|iV'S»»!"l##l^lii)l"»»i»llW^^ 


\ 


"t 


# 


^..^ 


X  X 


■   '  ■jfrMSiiiripvatnuin in  \tiMm 


IS 

t 


'/.. 


[     3    ] 


.r,. 


-PREFACE  OF  Don  ANTONIO  MAURELLE. 


'*>  ; 


'for  the  better  underrtaiuUng  this  Journal,  it  will  be  proper, 
to  premife  the  following  particulars.    ,    '  ■  ^ 

The  charts  which  we  ufed  during  the  voyage  were  thofe  of 
Monf.  Bellm,  the  one  publifted  in  1766,  and  the  other  in  17—  ;- 
the  firft  of  which  places  the  port  of  St.  Bias,  1 10  degrees  W,. 
Long,  from  Paris,  and  the  fccond  114,  differing  confequently 
4  degrees.  For  this  reafon  I  have  always  reckoned  the  Weftem. 
Longitude  from  St.  Blas%  and  not  from  Paris.        . 

At  the  end  there  is  an  accurate  table,  every  page  of  which  ni- 
cludes  a  month,  with  an  account  of  the  §hip's  couire  each  day, 
together  with  the  number  of  leagues  lliiled,  the  longitude,  lui- 
tude,  variation  of  the  needle  (which  laft,  when  attended  to,  is 
marked  with  an  afterilk),  and  the  diftance  from  the  ncarcll, 
land. 

•  San  Bias  is  a  very  fmall  hamlet,  on  the  W.  coaft  of  the  province  of. 
Mexico,  at  the  mouth  of  the  River  S,  I'edia  It  is  but  wiihin  thci^ 
few  years  that  the  Spaniards  have  made  a  fettlement  there,  tor  uie  con 
veniency  of  tranfporting  the  troops  and  provifions  they  lend  to  Caiitormu 
Dr.Robertfon's  map  placesit  about  the  22d  degree  ot  N,  i/it.  and  b^ti 
W  Lone  from  Fero.  See  alfo  Chappe  D'Auterochc's  account  ot  us 
iourney  from  La  Vera  Cruz  to  S.  Bias  in  1769.  1  he  Latitude  oi  th.s 
\on  is  not  fettled  by  this  Journal,  nor  Longitude  except  by  rctercnco. 

■     -     .  A.  a.  /*  A^t 


*'■ 


«A<W;4[yi«^i)«#)4i«^'--^ 


^.^X. 


:,^  <„       ,-,w»a*- .  ;^.iiit..  u,..     :  -t-.j,- 


•?— 


^A 


\ 


[     4     ] 

The  plans  of  the  ports  which  have  been  difcovered,  follow 
thefe  tables,  as  alfo  a  chart  of  the  whole  coaft,  drawn  with  the 
greatefl:  accuracy,  as  we  always  marked  the  moft  diftinguilhable 
points.  In  order  alfo  that  we  might  be  more  exaa,  we  com- 
pared the  (hip's  courfe  with  that  of  the  coaft,  and  repeated  our 
o!)fervations,  both  in  failing  Northwards,  and  returning  to  the 

South. 

We  likewife  have  omitted  every  longitude,  in  which  we  con- 
ceived there  had  been  miftakes,  by  accidents  that  had  happened, 
and  when  we  only  doubted  in  diftancesof  no  great  moment,  we 
hav3  laid  them  down,  making  the  proper  allowances. 

The  latitudes  of  the  charts  •>  are  marked  with  the  greateft  pre- 
ciflon,  in  thofe  fituations  where  it  may  be  of  the  moft  ufe, 
having  had  fufficlent  time  to  make  the  proper  obfervations,  whilft 
the  allowances  for  refradion  were  attended  to.      .  ^ 


"<■  ' 


0 


^  Thcfc  charts  unfortunately  did  not  accompany  t'.ie  Journal. 


'     t 


ll       f 


'  f. 


■'m 


'iff- 


•r     ;-  ^,^ 


■  I 


N 


January 


\      -» 


'"'^S^ ' 


»  ■ 


.'ill  iaii-^ir  i.j&i"' I'T"  ■-f"*-'— ~^'^ 


I  ■ -nw^ilfiWnni  Tt'-rtihmif  Tif 


[    5    ] 


.-f 


'        "     .  "January^  1775. 

BEING  on  board  the  Klng*9  ftoreflilp '  the  Santa  Rica,  which 
then  lay  in  the  port  of  Vera  Cruz,  I  received  on  the  i  oth 
of  that  month  an  order  from  his  Excellency  the  Viceroy  ''  Don 
Antonio  Maria  deBucarely  and  Orfua,  to  undertake  the  fundion 
of  iirft  pilot  in  the  expedition,  which  was  then  fitting  out  at  the 
port  of  St.  Bias  for  discoveries  on  the  Northern  coafl  of  Cali- 
fornia*.      .  \;,.      , 

As  I  have  always  had  the  ftrongeft  dcfire  to  ferve  his  Majefty 
(be  the  rifque  what  it  may^  I  readily  accepted  this  commiflion, 
and  fetting  out  from  La  Vera  Cruz  on  the  12th  of  January,  I 
reached  Mexico  on  the  i8th  in  order  to  receive  his  Excellency's 
further  commands.  I  left  Mexico  again  on  the  1 6th  of  February, 
and  arrived  at  the  Port  of  St.  Bias  %  putting  myfelf  under  the 
orders  of  thp  officer,  #h6  was  to  fit  out  the  expedition,  Don 
Bruno  Heceta.  The  (hips  prepared  for  this  purpofe  were  a 
frigate  and  fchooner^,  the  latter  being "36  feet  long**,  12  feet 
wide,  and  8  deep,  commanded  by  the  Lieutenant  Don  Juan  de 
Ayala,  affifted  by  Don  Juan  Francifc^  de  la  Bodega,  of  the  fame 

c  Urea;        -  •■      ■'■■''  '•"  -■    ■'■^•^^-  '^  -•      '' 

^  Sc.  of  Mexico,    'v  '    :  „  -^        -  '    ■       •;  ■ 

'    «  It  fhould   feem  from  this,Jonrnal,   that  the  Spaniards  deem  all 

the  N.W.  coafl:  of  Americia;%«yond  California  to   be  part  of  that 

province. 

^  The  journey  from  La  Vera  Cruz  to  Port  S.  Bias  is  fuppofed  to  be 

300  lea^-Mies,  thus  divided  :  from  La  Vera  Cruz  to  Mexico  1 10  leagues  j 

and  from  the  latter  to  S.  Bias  1 90. 

c  Goleta.  •        :      "  .-■•^'w*  .  ^ 

^  18  codos,  each  cod 0 being  two  feet.    /'-^Avlv::*h 

.B  '  rank, 


ai^^-ifi'H'uriiiffiiiitwitii 


Mfciiffiiitiiir*  1  iiiiitfi^Tl^'ft'nf ' 


..-.,   ■i-.-.         ,^ ..  s0yjf^y^'  -|.  ^^|.:..    T-|||.      I -T»^->|   ,, ,„^„   ,   mninfjlli  „     fi/,  »f-.~-w^-.^    ■-    'j:;*^ 


■ '» 

iiti-1Tiinrr"iftfW- 


.■J.V:t-9,> 


*f 


[     6     ] 

rank,  and  I  embarked  in  the  fchooner.  It  (o  happened  that  the 
pacquet-boat  S.  Carlos  was  at  this  time  in  the  port  of  S.  Bias, 
commanded  by  the  Lieutenant  D.  Miguel  Ma  irrlque,  who  was  to 
proceed  to  the  eftablilhment  at  Monterey'.      . 

Whilft  we  continued  here,  we  laid  in  provifioiis  for  a  year'a 
voyage  ;  all  of  which  were  procured  from  the  neighbourhood. 

On  the  1 6th  of  March  we  had  taken  on  board  all  fux;h  necef- 
(iu-les  ;  and  at  lo  o'clock  at  night  the  three  veflels  fet  fail,  fleering 
N.  W.  with  a  gentle  land-breeze  at  N.N.E.  but  though  we  did 
every  thing  in  our  power  during  tlie  night  to  keep  company 
with  the  other  ihips,  we  were  not  able,  which  we  conceived 
to  arife  from  the  cargoe  not  being  properly  flowed,  becaufe  the 
£chooner*s  reputed  rate  of  failiiig,  by  thofe  who  were. well-ac- 
quainted with  her,  left  us  fcarcely  any  doubt  with  regard. to  this 
being  the  real  caufe. 

As  foon  as  day  appeared  on  the  17th  it  grew  calm,  and  con* 
tinued  fo  till  three  m  the  afternoon ;  when  a  breeze  from  thc^ 
N.W.  arifmg,  we  fleered  N.N.E.  aiul  towards  the  coaft,  tilt 
fun-fet,  when  the  wind  fell.  At  this  time  we  caft  anchor,  and 
found ourfelves  4  leagues  N.  N.  E.  of  S.  Bias,  and  in  this  man- 
ner we  profecuted  our  voyage,  making  ufe  of  the  fea-breeze 
during  the  day,  and  the  land-breeze  during  the  night,  gaining; 
very  little  to  windward'^,  and  cafting  anchor  when  the  wind  fdl^ 
in  order  not  to  lofe  ground  by  the  currents ' ,  after  fo  little 
progrels,  and  with  luch  trouble.^     *     >  ;      V      ^ 

i  The  latitude  of  Monterey  is  fetded  afterwards  by  this  journal'  to  be 
in  36  44  N.  Lat.  and  17  o  W.  Long,  from  St.  Bias.  It  is  fituated  on  the 
Weftern  coaft  of  California,  and  a  miflSon  of  Jefuits  is  there  eftabliflied.  . 

'^  Barlovento.  «    r  c  «• 

»  The  currents  are  fo  firong  in  this  fca  that  a  promontory  S.of  S.BIas 

is  called  Corrientes.  ^ 


V  ■«• 


-.-^ii 


,^ 


'fr^    inrr-ii    'firMi-iwiiim^i"BlliiiirtiiW^>ilfitilfcft. 'fc  i''Ti    i 'l    "  i     "  nri 


iti    ifitfr'i""      ^  •-" 


•  'J 


[    7    ] 

On  the  13th  at  three  hi  the  evening  the  S,  Cailos  Pacquet-boat 
made  a  fignal  for  help,  on  which  our  captain  font  a  boat,  in 
which  Don  Mignel  Mauriquc  (wr.o  commanded  thePacquet)  wa« 
brought  to  our  ihip,  when  we  plainly  difcovered,  by  his  adions, 
that  he  was  out  of  his  fenfes.  On  this  our  principal  officers  ac- 
companied him  on  board  the  frigate,  that  the  captain  might  give 
the  proper  orders  on  this  occafion,  when  a  council  being  held, 
and  the  furgeons  examined,  as  well  as  ocular  proofs  appearing 
of  D.  Maurique's  madncfs,  it  was  determined  to  fet  him  on  fliorc, 
tis  alfo  to  give  the  command  of  the  pacquet-boat  to  Don  Juan 
d*Ayla,  lieutenant  of  the  frigate,  and  that  of  the  fchooner  to 
Don  Juan  Francifco  de  la  Bodega  and  Quadra,  who  had  the  fama 
jrank.  • 

On  the  20th,  the  breeze  being  moderate,  it  was  difcovered  that 
the  foretopfail  "*  was  rent  in  feveral  places,  which  defed  it  wa» 
ueceflary  to  repair  immediately. 

Whilfl  the  wmd  thus  continued,  the  commander  of  the 
fchooner  tried  many  experiments,  to  make  her  fail  better,  one 
©r which  indeed  rather  improved  her  rate  ;  but  the  frigate,  not- 
withftanding,  was  ftill  obliged  to  (horten  fail,  in  order  to  keep 
us  con^nany,  and  indeed  to  take  us  in  towe". 

On  the  24th  at  noon  we  had  fight  of  the  Southernmoft  of  the 
Marias',  lying  to  the  N.  E.  at  the  diftance  of  three  leagues, 
which  makes  the  then  fituation  of  our  Ihip  exadtly  a  degree  W, 
of  S.  Bias,  according  to  M.  Bclin's  map  of  1756,  and  in  N.  Lat. 
21.  4.  m.  Now  this  differs  from  my  obfervations,  being  26  mi- 
nutes too  far  Northwards. 


"*  El  maftelero  de  vclacho. 

"  In  the  original  another  experiment  is  dated,   which  I  have  not 
tranflated,  as  I  conceive  it  would  be  unintcrcfting  to  the  reader. 
°  There  are  three  ifland*  thus  called. 


Bz 


Whilft 


■n; 


lA^^^Mi  1^1'      iV'  it  liMlilii        iltlltMM 


«>M«ii.  ii.«   -iiiii    -tm  ■rtiii«j#i'ii 


I'i^'ma^jMawi'ia  'iWi  fiiltfBiitf  /li 


-I'lMftaifai 


llllHHIKI     »aW<h 


1 


'* 


[  if  ] 

Whilfl  we  were  In  this  fituation  we  loft  fight  of  tiie  pacqnet- 
boat,  but  we  continued  our  courfe  fleering  S.  W.  p  when  we  ob- 
ferved  many  birds,  fome  of  whicli  were  black,  with  a  white 
fpot  on  their  breaft,  the  wings  long,  beak  rather  large,  belly 
prominent,  and  tail  like  a  pair  of  fciflars';  others  again  were 
entirely  white ;  whilft  fome  were  grey,  with  a  fingle  large 
feather.  We  likewife  faw  other  birds,  which  dived  often  under 
the  water,  named  bobos. 

During  great  part  of  March  the  wind  freftiened  in  the  day, 
and  tell  at  night,  particularly  a  little  before  the  new  moon  % 
(which  happened  on  the  29th,)  after  which  we  had  often  calms, 
the  wind  having  before  blown  from  the  N.  W.  to  the  N.  on  this 
fame  day  (viz.  the  29th)  we  faw  an  Ifland  at  funfet,  which  is 
fald  to  be  called  Socorro  %  by  which  name  it  is  not  to  be  found  in 
the  French  maps,  nor  in  the  Hiftory  of  California '.  We  had  a 
i'iew  of  it  whilft  it  lay  to  the  Eaftward  at  the  diftance  of  9  or  10 
leagues,  which  with  difficulty  we  gamed  to  windward ",  wifliing 
to  fail  as  nearly  as  poftlble  upon  the  meridian  of  that  ifland. 

Gn  the  30th  we  endeavoured  to  approach  nearer  to  Socorro,' 
when  it  lay   W.  N.  W. '  at  the  diftance  of  four   leagues,  but 

P  Sudoefte  quarta  al  oefle.        ••^  ^  •  ^^  -     *; 

'  Tixcra.  ^  f 

'  Great  attention  to  the  moon,  and  Its  fuppofed  efFedis  on  the  weatHerj 
is  tobeobtc'-ved  in  other  parts  of  this  journal. 

*  1  his  ifland,  in  Dr.  Robertfon's  map,  is  placed  in  19  N.  Lat.  and. 
94  W.  Long,  from  Fero. 

'  This  is  probably  the  hiftory  of  that  country  publiflied  by  Miguel 
Vcncgas  (a  Mexican  Jefult)  at  Madrid,  in  1758,  which  was  tranflatedi 
into  Englilh,  and  printed  at  London  in  1759.  It  is  not  at  all  extraor- 
dinary however  that  this  ifland  fliould  not  be  mentioned  in  that  accounr, 
as  Venegas  chiefly  defcribes  the  E.  coaft  of  California.  Socorro  is  con. 
fulerably  to  the  South  of  that  Peninfula.  i 

'  "  Orzando.  »^:  *    " 

*  Quarta  al  oeftiaw  " 

we 


.     -^  ..     .^-:-,,        ,,"-.1,      .  ,    ..-.    ^. 


i  riwl  ?!!■  tM»i*JW'*imfc'' 


.11.1  i]i.(|i^_iji| %\\iif  nlii iil^"'"  - Tr-'if  •  • ' ; '""" 


W>»- 


mm 


[    9    ] 


we  could  not  cfFedl  this  on  account  of  the  currents  to  the  Si 
which  carried  us  to  Leeward  y.      ...    ..,.:''         *-  •'.r  a. 

From  the  3 1  ft  of  March  till  the  4th  of  April  we  had  either 
calms  or  light  breezes,  on  which  account  we  could  not  fail  fur- 
ther from  this  ifland  than  we  loft  by  the  currents.  For  this 
reafon  alfo  we  tried  by  towing  the  fchooner,  and  ufing  of  our 
oars,  whether  we  might  not  make  fome  part  of  the  Ifland,  where 
we  might  procure  water ;  but  in  this  we  could  not  fucceed  on  ac- 
count of  the  violent  currents.    ,      ;     .     .,     !         .,  ..  • 

This  ifland,  which,  as  was  faid  before,  is  not  named  Socorro 
in  any  maps,  is  undoubtedly  that  which  was  difcovered  by  Her- 
nando Triabha,  who  commanded  a  ftiip  difpatched  from  Guan- 
tepeque,  by  Hernan  Cortes,  to  explore  the  coaft  of  California.  *****'* 

This  veflel   failed  300  leagues ^  and  fell   in  with  an 

ifland  named  St.  Thomas,  which  is  fo  called  in  the  French  maps>  , 
though  erroneoufly  placed,  becaufe  its  real  latitude  is  1 8°  53'  N. 

Lat.  and  W.  Lone:,  fronn  S    Rloc   r°  iJi'.  ,     ^  .       ^ 

On  the  4,th  of  April  we  loft  fight  of  ^corro  to  the  E.  N.  E. 
and  profecuted  our  voyage  to  windward  as  much  as  poffible, 
without  any  other  accident  but  the  frigate's  bowfprit  being  da- 
maged, which  we  foon  repaired* 

At  this  time  we  found  that  the  flcy  was  not  fo  clear  as  before, 
we  approached  Socorro,  that  the  fun  did  not  appear  fo  frequently, 
that  the  mifts  were  not  fo  thick,  that  the  wind  was  much  more 
cold,  and  in  ftiort  we  experienced  a  very  different  temperar 
ture.  .  '  '  , 

Till  the  14th,  when,  the  full  moon  happened,  the  breezes 
were  flight,  and  the  currents  always  to  the  South,  after  this 

y    SotOVentO.  h  ^^,.:^i.^,-  ■ 

*  There  is  a  chafm  in  the  MS  with  regard  to  the  diredlon  in,  which 
flie  failed.  .         i         . 

howevcE 


iiji^yii|ywqaBP»;"-n*'il'*;P(liljJ.'jl' 


it,.  .f.W^.;«fc--.»*''-i>.wn^.^.-Aa^i':  i**lfc.f,-. 


n  ■irt4fcA'.-»Wf  iiitw^Mti  liiiiiiirYt^.:. 


t     '0     1 

however  the  wind  frefhencd  to  theN.  N.E.  fomctlmcs  flitting 
to  the  N.  E.  and  blowng  more  ftrongly  from  that  point.  By 
thcfc  means  we  had  an  opportunity  of  trying  the  failing  capacity 
of  the  fchooner,  for  the  rougher  the  fea  the  more  fail  was  fet,  fo 
that  the  deck  was  conftantly  two  planks  •  under  water  to  leeward ; 
which  thoroughly  convinced  thofe  on  board  the  frigate  of  our 
determined  refolution  to  profecute  our  voyage. 

The  crews  of  both  (hips,  who  obferved  what  a  prefs  of  fail 
was  carrif  d  by  the  fchooner,  from  the  determined  refolution  of 
the  officers  to  proceed  as  far  Northward  as  poflible,  faw  plainly 
that  they  were  in  fome  degree  miftaken,  by  conceiving  at  our  firft 
departure  that  the  fchooner  would  be  obliged  to  return  to  S.  Bias 
in  a  fortnight.     They  however  ftill  Ihewed  their  apprehenfions  if 
fhe  purfued  her  voyage,  v/hilft  fome  of  the  fchooner' s  company 
began  to  ficken,  and  wifli  themfelves  on  board  the  frigate,  where 
there  were  medicines  and  a  furgeon.     The  furgeon  however  de- 
clared, that  if  luch   feamen  were  rciiioved  to  the  frigate,  they 
would   be   probably  feized  with  a  fever,    on   which  the  Cap- 
tain thought  it  right  that  this  opinion  Ihould  be  made  known  to 
the  fchooner's  crew,  as  he  fuppofed  it  would  have  a  greater  ef- 
fe£t  than  the  threats  of  any  punifhment.     To  fay  the  truth,  we 
could  not  but  be  forry  to  obferve  the  horror  that  the  crew  con- 
ceived  of  the  bad  condition  of  the   fchooner,    which  afforded 
miferable  quarters  for  the  fick,  as  the  feamen  could  not  do  the 
bufinefs   without  being  thoroughly  wet,    except  when  it  was 

calm. 

Thefe  diftrefles  would  have  become  infufferable,  had  not  the 
commander  behaved  with  the  greateft  kindnefs  to  the  crew,  he 
encouraged  them  to  perfift  alfo,  by  giving  them  frequently  fmall 


Tablas. 


prefentSj 


•'*\. 


/A.JtP^Ti^i^MiAWU 


iUjttUi''~^>^--'!- 


,  (i-ittw^-^n'mm  tnf>]iij»'  ]ug'iiljt'.'';**"'*-*i'"'y*'«"  i'"i  »  gjjtjW^mw 


t  "  ] 

prcfcnts,  auH  remmdcd  them  of  the  glory  they  would  obtain  on 
their  return,  if  they  readied  the  proper  latitude  •».  He  added  alio, 
that  the  rifque  was  nearly  equal'  to  both  veflels,.and  that  as  each 
fhip*s  company  valued  their  lives,  they  might  be  lure  that  it 
would  not  be  attempted  to  proceed  further  than  was  confiftent 
with  their  mutual  ^fety.  This  interpofition  of  the  commander 
had  at  length  tht  proper  efFea:,  and  we  agreed  to  live  and  dye 

together.  .Bi.:,r|r:v?i    •ii;p .  ^'^a^u u    ^.-.a.ii.^-...  -.  .,•  .   • 

On  the  iith  of  May  the  wind  began  to  veer  about,  and  on 
every  point  to  the  Eailward,  but  ended  to  the  E.  &  S.  E.  with 
many  fqualls  ■*  and  mifts.  The  ftrong  currents  which  we  had 
be£or«  experienced  t»  th<5  S.  were  now  fcarcely  to  be  per- 
ceived. 
;  On  the  lift  OUT  commander  held  a  council,  in  which  it  was 
to  be  determined  whether  we  Ihould  continue  our  voyage,  or  put 
into  the  eftablifliment  at  Monterey,  and  that  the  reiblutions  we 
fliould  com«  to  m'lghf  be  the  more  deliberate,  our  opinions,  with 
the.  reafons  on  which  they  were  founded,-  were  reduced  to  writ- 
ing. As  the  wind  however  was  very  violent,  there  could  be  no 
pcrfonal  communication  between  the  officers  of  the  two  ftiips,  and 
©ur  opinions  were  therefore  tranfmitted  by  means  of  a  calk. 

'  [Thefe  opinions  follow,  in  the  journal  at  length,  but  as  they 
would  not  be  very  interefting  even  to  the  navigator,  I  fhail  only 
ftate  that  they  all  agree  in  advifmg  that  they  (hould  proceed  as 
fer  N.  as  43.  rather  than  put  into  Monterey.     The  principal 


^\ 


tip-" 


... 


k  It  appears  afterwards  that  they  were  inftrufted  to  proceed  as  far  N. 
\  as  65  if  practicable. 

e  It  muft  be   recoUeded  that  at  this  time  tlie  frigate  towed  the 
Schooner. 

^  Chuvafcos,  which  is  fuppofed  to  be  a  term  ufcd  in  the  Mexican 

Seas. 

^  reafon 


>,'^..--i^Ai»t»j>y*ii|i;^yiw^w>«v.fe%ap»A»^ 


/ 


[      12      ] 


i 


'If 


reafon  for  this  advice  is,  that  Martin  de  Aguilar  had  difcovcrcd  a 
river  in  tliis  latitude,  where  they  hoped  confequently  to  water, 
and  repair  their  veflels*.]  ' '    -   *    ;  •  •   - 


.■\>Vii 


We  proceeded  on  our  voyage  therefore  with  brilk  winds  from 
the  N.  &  N,  N.  E.  the  fea  running  high  till  the  30th,  when 
the  new  moon  happened  during  which  interval  we  made  many 
tacks,  and  did  not  accurately  obferve  our  longitude  or  lati- 
tude. ■'     "      '   '      '■     ■•'•~     *■■         -i"l*-^.'    '-■    •''^    '*'••*     *-^fc'*      '• 

On  this  fame  day  we  had  gentle  breezes  between  N.  W.  & 
S.  W.  varying  thus  for  the  three  following  days,  after  which 
the  wind  was  fteady  in  the  W.  N.  W.  and  blew  fre(her  as  the 
moon  increafed.  .  r  •         J 

On  the  firft  of  June  one  of  our  feamen  was  fo  drunk  with 
fpirits  that  we  thought  it  right  to  remove  him  to  the  frigate  ^ 
where  he  afterwards  died  in  lefs  than  fix  hours.  On  the  fame 
day  we  obferved  fome  fea-weeds.  the  top  r,f  which  much  refem- 
bled  an  orange  \  from  the  upper  part  of  which  hung  large  and 
broad  leaves.      ,•];  .^u.ua.     ;:u:^_^  .     j>j. 

:  At  the  extremity  of  this  plant  is  a  very  long  tube,  which  fixes 
to  the  rocks  on  the  coaft  till  it  is  loofened  by  the  fea,  when  it 
often  floats  to  the  diftance  of  loo  Jeagues.  We  njmed  this  plant 
the  Orange- lead.     ,  ,       "*  :  .         , 

The  next  day  we  faw  another  plant,  with  long  and  narrow 
leaves  like  a  ribband,  which  is  .called  Zacate  del  Mar  ;  we  alfo 
faw  many  fea-wolves,  ducks,  and  fifh.  ^' 

'  In  the  account  of  this  voyage  in  1601,  added  to  Vcnegas's  Tliflory 
of  California,  this  river  is  fiiid  to  have  been  difcovered  by  the  pi  ot 
Lopes,  and  not  by  Martin  dc  Aguilar.     In  fome  maps  it  is  placed  m 

<"  Bec-jufe  there  was  a  furgeon  on  board,that  fliip,  probably.        >  *  ^^ 

»  Una  narania.  '^-* 

On 


^* 


^^.^^ ^bW«|I1  !■>    1-^?,^  .^   1*<^   '*"■' 


II  1'  fif    rrvnrT"  ■  -'"*•    '"''■'•^•^<  Mt«iiiii»riTtl,i  r...^ 


'j,  ■■^lT_l.iV__Jigi,.J.iMlJ.' 


[    '3    ] 


':    liirPif^  '    I  .  '  ^■'■""  ■ 


•  Oa  the  5th  our  towing  rope''  was  broke;  which  indeed  hid 
happened  feveral  times  before,  notwithftanding  the  gfeateft  care 
of  both  ftiip*s  companies,  on  which  accident  xve  refolved  to  pro- 
ceed, as  well  as  wc  could,  without  this  very  inconvenient  ap- 
pendage. 

'^On  the  7th,  from  the  colour  of  the  fca,  we  judged  ourfelves 
to  be  in  foundings,  and  we^  fuplpofed  pUrfelves  to  be  about  thirtjr 
leagues  from  the  coaft.     •  " 

By  noon  on  thie  fame  day  we  diAinguifhed  a  large  tra£l  sf  tlia 
coaft  (though  at  a  confiderable  diftance)  lying  from  the  S.  W. 
to  the  N.  E.  but!  we  Were  not  able  to  get  nearer  to  it,  by  the  windt 
falling  calm  during  the  night  and  the  following  day. 

On  the  8th  we  faw  the  coaft  much  clearer  at  the  diflance  of 
about  9  leagues,  and  the  next  24  hours  the  currents  to  the  S.  in- 
crenfed  ftrongly,  fb  that  there  was  a  difference  in  the  latitude  by 
obfervatibn  and  our  reckoning  of  29  minutes. 

The  fame  day  the  wlntl  frcflicnlng,  the  commander  made 
fignal  for  the  fchooner  to  reconnoitre  the  coaft,  which  direction 
we  complied  with  to  our  utmoft,  fteering  to  the  N.  N.  E.  and 
hoping  to  do  this  before  the  night.  In  effe£l,  by  fix  in  the  even- 
ning,  'wediftinguiftied  rnany  headlands,  bays,  plains,  and  moun- 
tains, with  trees  and  green  fields. 

'  By  eight  at  night  we  were  not  more  than  two  leagues  diftanr 
from  the  land,  nor  the  frigate  more  than  three ;  we  then  failed 
towards  her,  and  thus  pafted  the  night.  -,,.-..... 

On  the  9th  at  break  of  day  the  frigate  made  us  a  fignal  to  join 
them,  and  by  10  in  the  morning  we  followed  their  courfe  till  we 
came  to  another  part  of  the  coaft,.  where  we  faw,  with  the 
greateft  clearnefs,  the  plains,  rocks,  bays,  headlands,,  breakers. 


^  El  rcmorquc. 


and 


■---aip^- 


[    u    ] 

and  trees :  here  we  founded  in  30  fathoms,  the  bottom  being  a 
black  fand.     At  the  fame  time  we  Huled  along  the  coaft,  and 
endeavoured  to^nd  out  a  port,  being  at  the  diftance  only  of  a 
mile,  and  approaching  to  a  high  cape,  which  feemcd  to  promifc 
(hclter,  though  we  were  obliged  to  proceed  cautioully,  as  many 
fmall  iOands  concealed  from  us  fome  rocks,  which  fcarccly  ap- 
peared above  the  fur  face  of  the  fea.  , 
As  wc  now  perceived  a  land-locked  harbour  to  the  S.  W.  wc 
determined  to  enter  it,  making  at   the  fame  time  a  figiial  to 
the  frigate  to  lend  us  an  anchor,  which  however  they  were  not 
able  to  do,  from  their  diftance,  as  well  as  that  the  wind  blew 
frelh.     For  thefe  rcafons  the  fchooner  entered  the  port  alone, 
founding  all  the  way,  with  the  grcateft  care,  and  the  frigate  fol- 
lowed in  our  wake. 

Whilft  we  were  thus  entering  the  port,  we  obferved  two  canoes 

from  the  N.  which  came  clof«  to  the  frigate,  and  exchanged, 

their  (kins  for  bugles,  and  other  trifles,  with  our  feamen.  whilft 

in  the  mean  time  the  fchooner  caft  anchor  oppofite  to  a  little 

village  ^  which  was  fituatcd  at  the  bottom  of  a  mountain :  the 

inhabitants  however  did  not  fend  out  any  canoes  to  us.  ; 

After  this  we  founded   the  interior  parts  of  the  port,    and 

wc  found  fufficient  depth  of  water  to  anchor  at  a  bow*s  (hot  from 

the  land,  we  faw  likewife  the  frigate  at  the  bottom  of  the  port, 

and  faftened  our  cables  to  fome   rocks  which  nature  feemed  to 

have  fixed  there  for  this  purpofe.     We  took  however  the  pre-.^ 

caution  to  let  fall  two  anchors  on  the  oppofite  fide  ;  (viz.  to  the 

S.  and  S.  W.)  on  which  the  frigate  followed  our  example. 


ft 


^      k  Rancheria. 


t  t,f'<t 


\ « 

'i>«-i 


As 


|t| 


.  > 


.^     ■-  •^■8i»/*'r-^.'-' 


■','«*i'ii^-v-T;_u«ii».i-j»'i*-rf**-^*'^'     .■i.j>jij«vr»t. 


I  ( unr.Mi'f'  V  -ir'-iff^tiTT-'*"'- 


f  iinii  ' rrr-^1  *"  ^<»^ai"^«i-^^aaa3ai 


I    '5    ) 

,  As  (bon  as  we  had  anchored,  fome  Indians  in  canoes  came  on 
board,  who,  withouii  the  lead  (hynefs,  trucked  fome  (kins  for 

bugles.  ;.;!  !.^f  ♦^    '         n,'    "    •; 

And  here  it  may  be  right  to  obferve  the  inaccuracies  of  the 
French  map ',  both  with  regard  to  the  capes,  and  the  lying  of 
the  coaft.  It  ftiouid  feem  indeed  that  the  abfolute  want  of 
authentic  materials  hath  been  the  occafion  ot  laying  down  at  ran- 
dom fome  large  bays,  which  we  neither  found  to  the  N.  or  to 
fhp  S.  as  we  muft  certainly  have  fallen  in  with  them  above  Cape 

,  Fortuna,  which  is  placed  1 8  leagues  to  the  S.  of  Cape  Mendo- 
cino •»,  whereas  we  were  twenty  leagues  to  theN.  which  make? 
an  error  of  two  degrees  of  latitude ".  ^  -y  r.  ♦      ;    ,q,  ,  ,^/ 

J, On  the  nth  we  had  fixed  every  tiding  with  regard  to  our 
anchorage,  and  we  determined  to  take  poflefTion  of  the  country, 
upon  the  top  of  a  high  mountain,  which  lyes  at  the  entrance  of 
the  port.  For  this  purpofe  our  crews  divided  into  different  par- 
ties, which  w^r^  r^'^rerly  pofted.  (o  t-hat  the  reft  might  proceed 
without  any  danger  of  an  attack.  We  moreover  placed  centi- 
nels  at  a  confiderable  diftance,  to  reconnoitre  the  paths  ufed  by 

.  the  Indians,  who  poflcfled  themfelves  of  thofe  parts  from  which 
we  had  moft  to  fcar.  With  thefe  precautions  the  crews  marched 
in  two  bodies,  who  adored  the  holy  crofs  upon  difembarking,  and 
when  at  the  top  of  the  mountain  formed  a  fquare,  the  centre  ot 
which  became  a  chapel;  Here  the  holy  crofs  was  again  raifed, 
raafs  celebrated,  wirh  a  fermon,  and  pofleflion  taken,  with  all' 

I  the  requifites  eiijoincd  by  our  inftrudlions.     We  alfo  fired  botlV. 

>  Of  Monf.  Bellin. 

«"  So  called  from  Mendoza,  ajViceroy  of  Mexico,  who  font  fome 
fliips  on  difcovery.  Moft  maps  place  this  on  the  N.  W.  point  of  Cali- 
fornia, fil  «BCTIV^:' ',"•,•?.•  ?Ti':.'»OUin»5    I  tS  •    ■'      i'i*      ,.i.«»),    , 

"  De  ocho  cavos.  »    .•     j     -v.. - 


•*-.. 


i~M«a4> 


C    2 


our 


♦ 


^W^. 


^€ 


.'tiMii^M&,  faiii>.^Ai--^St. \ 


BMjiiiMiiin'  '  •Mi!<ia&m    itii"iii'—iri  m^ifr^ 


[     .6    ] 

our  mufquetiy  and  cannon,  which  naturally  ma3e  the  Indians 
fuppofe  we  were  irrefiftible.  After  they  had  recovered  theif 
fright  however,  and  found  that  we  had  done  them  no  harm,  they 
vifited  us  again,  and  probably  to  examine  more  ncirly  what  had 
occafioned  the  tremendous  noife  whi(in  the^  had  never  heard 
before.  As  we  thus  took  pofleffion  on  the  day  when  holy  mother 
church  celebrates  the  fcftival  of  the  moft  holy  Trinity,  we  named 
the  port  accordingly'.     •  ■ ''  -    .-  •■    «  i -^    o *-^ '^ 

The  following  days  were  taken  up  in  procuring  wood  ah<i 
water,  whilft  the  fchooner  was  careened.  We  likewife  cut  (bme 
niafts  for  her.    •     -  ci    -    .^ ^^  ■^,.  ^m.   ....    ^    <      . 

We  could  not  but  particularly  attend  to  all  the  anions  of  the 
Indians,  their  manner  of  living,  habitations,  garrtients,  food, 
government,  laws,  language,  and  arms,  as  alfo  their  '  hunting 
and  fifheries.  The  diftruft  indeed  which  we  naturally  entertained 
of  thefe  barbarians,  made  us  endeavour  to  get  as  great  an  inlight 
into  all  thefe  as  pofliblc,  yet  wo  nov«r  oblci  v«l  any  thing  con- 
trary to  the  moft  perfed  friendlhip  and  confidence  which  they 
fcemed  to  repofe  in  us.  I  may  add,  that  their  intercourfe  with 
us  was  not  only  kind,  but  afi^dionate. 

There  houfes  were  fquare,  and  built  with  large  beams,  the 
roofs  being  no  higher  than   the  furface  of  the  ground,  for  the 

!    ._  .  T-    T  "    I  '    •  -■■.-..        -   ■   y  ■_',*..       f.^  ■*      Ti    ,■    ■ 

°  There  is  certainly  fome  ufe  to  geographers  in  this  cuftotn  6f  the 
Spaniards  naming  places  ftom  the  Saint's  day  in  which  they  take  pof- 
fcffion,  or  make  the  tlifcovery,  as  it  points  out  to  pofterity  the  time  ot  the 
year  when  the  event  happened.  -*   - 

r  Sus  cazciSf  which  Hke  the  French  word  chafe  and  Italian  caccia, 
comj>rehends  alfo  fowling.  In  Sir  Alhton  Lever's  moft  capital  mufeum. 
may  be  feen  what  contrivances  are  i.fed  by  the  Indians  of  St.  George's 
Sound  N.  Lat.  50.  on  this  fame  coaft  and  for  thefe  purpofes.  There  is 
alio  in  the  llmie  noble  repofitoiy  fome  birdlime  from  the  newly  difcovered. 
Sandwich  iflamis. 

doors 


'-.X , 


tfiuKrltniimmlUmui'im 


I     «7    1 

doors  to  whicU  they  make  ufe  of  a  circular  hole,  juft  huge 
enough  for  theh-  bodies  to  pafs  through.  The  floors  of  theic 
huts  are  perfedly  fmooth  and  clean,  with  a  fquarehole''  two 
feet  deep  in  the  centre,,  ia  which  tjiey.make  their  firc,  and  round 
which  they  are  continually- warming  themfelvcis,  on  account  of 
the  great  cold.  Such  habitations  alfo  fecure  them,  when  not  em- 
ployed out  of  doors,  from  the  wind  and  noxious  animals.    , 

The  men  however  do  not  wear  rny  covering,  except  the  cold  is 
intcnfe,  when  indeed  they  put  upon  their  Ihoulders  the  (kins  of 
fea-wolves,  otters,  deer,  or  other  animals :  many  of  them  alfo 
have  round  their  heads  '  fweet-fmelling  herbs.  They  likewife 
wear  their  hair  either  dilhevelled  over  their  (houlders,  or  other* 
wife  en  cafianna*,   '^  «   .     *     -  ,   -.      •>*      *  -^  >,-  -  ..-  f  ^..u..-r 

In  the  flaps  of  their  ears  they  have  rings  like  thofe  at  the  end 
ofamufquet'.  -^  ■..-■■■.    i    *-?      »  :?.  J  /  .  ■!    * ---"      : 

They  bind  their  loins  and  legs  quite  down  to  the  ancles,  very 

cloiely,   Avlth  ftripo  of  Kid<?  nr  fnrpao.  .„    .™,-t«^   ...... ^  \..^,u    ^.-^ 

They  paint  their  face,  and  greater  part  o^their  body,  regularly 
either  with  a  black  or  blue "  colour.        .' n  _«  „a    ^*  i  «4<  -^ 

Their  arms  are  covered  with  circles  of  fmall  points  in  the 
fame  manner  that  common  people  in  Spain  often  paint  fliips  and 
anchors.   ,  ,.f,  '^f^y.^j-fSis^ i^t^  -^^f  "  ^  'hf^n  m'^^iixii  ^inttm 


M 


"<**V^,r.- 


n  Oyo  or  eye  literally.  *' 

'  Una  rucda,  literally  a  garland  in  the  form  of  a  wheel. 

»  The  Spaniards  apply  caftanna  to  a  particular  method  of  drefling 
the  \\2i\x—feinado  en  eajiannu\  1/terally  fignifies,  hair  drefled  to  refemble 
achefhut  tree.  -^^  "    "»*^  -    '^  ;- 'f**  *"' "^  .;^i^'|^«.»     >     -^  - 

*  I  am  informed  by  a  gentleman  long  refident  in  Spain,  that  it  is  not 

unuCual  to  have  rings  fo  placed,  and  that  they  are  pf  ufe  to  prevent  the 

knapfack  from  falling  off.  , 

.  "  Azarcon.  •'  w /*  ,  -  \^  .■..^'^-«---  -  *  ■»-   -•■ 


«1' 


The 


t:»  '      lit^.iljtf'-.^X 


.» 


i^i^-s£i#ii^ii:i^^A^^mi^'^^'^^'-''' 


•*♦<». 


■■'*5^.,,    /^ 


1 


[    '8    1 

The  women  cover  the  tops  of  thsir  heads  with  an  ornament 
like  the  creft  of  a  helmet*,  and  wear  their  hair  in  two  treffes^ 
in  which  they  ftick  many  fweet-fmelling  herbs.  They  alfo  ufe 
the  fame  rings  in  their  caps  (which  are  of  bone)  as  the  men  are 
before  defcribed  to  do,  and  cover  their  bodies  with  the  fame  (kins, 
befides  which  they  more  decently  wear  an  apron  of  the  fame  kind, 
about  a  foot  wide,  with  fome  threads  formed  into  a  fringe.  They 
likewife  bind  their  legs  in  the  fame  manner  with  the  men. 

The  underlip  of  thefe  women  is  fwelled  out  into  three  fafcias, 
or  rifings,  two  of  which  iffue  from  the  corners  of  the  mouth  to 
the  loweft  part  Of  the  beard*, -and  the  third  from  the  higheft 
point,  and  middle  of  that  point  to  the  lower,  like  the  others ', 
leaving  between  each  a  fpace  of  clear  flefli,  which  is  much 
larger  in  the  young  than  in  the  older  women,  vvhofe  faces 
are  generally  covered  wirti  pundures '',  fo  as  to  be  totally  dis- 
figured. 

On  their  necks  they  wear  vaiiuua  fi  ults  S  inftead  of  beads  ; 
fome  of  thefe  ornaments  alfo  confift  of  the  bones  of  animals,  or 
fhells  from  the  fea-coaft. 

This  tribe  of  Indians  is  governed  by  a  ruler,  who  dire<Sb 
where  they  ihall  go  both  to  hunt  and  fi(h  for  what  the  com- 
munity ftands  in  need  of.  We  alfo  obferved  that  one  of  thefe 
Indians  always  examined  carefully  the  fea-flioar,  when  we  went 


jt.,,  ..•  f    .. 


*  Copa  de  timbras. 
,    y  Colgadas  par  las  mefiUas.  , .      . 

*  That  is,  I  fuppofe,  wKft  would  be  beard  in  men. 
»  I  muft  own,  that  i  do  not  thoroughly  comprehend  this  dcfcription, 

though  I  think  I  cannot  have  mis-tranllated  it. 

»»  Picadura,  fo  that  1  conclude  thefe  fwellings  on  the  face,  in  fuch 
forms  as  defcribed,  muft  be  occafioned  by  a  fort  of  tattooing. 

*  Rather  feeds  perhaps. 

'.i'  k  to 


v^^ 


0 


[    '9    I 

to  our  fliips  on  the  clofe  of  twilight'',  the  occafion  of  which  pro- 
bably was  to  take  care  that  all  their  people  (hould  return  fafe  to 
their  habitations  about  that  time.  •  • 

It  (hould  fcem  that  the  authority  of  this  ruler  is  confined  to  a 
particular  village  of  thefe  habitations,  together  with  fuch  a  dif- 
tn&.  of  country  as  may  be  fuppofed  to  belong  to  the  inhabitants 
of  fuch  a  community,  who  fometimes  are  at  war  with  other 
villages,  againft  whom  they  appeared  to  alk  our  affiftance,  making 
us  figns '  for  that  purpofe.  There  are  however  mamy  other 
villages  which  are  friendly  to  each  other,  if  not  to  thefe  Indians  j 
for  on  our  firft  arrival  more  than  300  came  down  in  different 
parties,  with  their  women  and  children,  who  were  not  indeed 
permitted  to  enter  the  village  of  our  Indians. 

Whilfl:  this  fort  of  intercourfe  continued  between  us,  we  ob- 
ferved  an  infant  who  could  fcarcely  be  a  year  old,  (hooting  arrows 
from  a  bow  proportioned  to  his  fize  and  ftrength,  and  who  hit 
one's  hand  at  two  or  three  yards  diftance,  if  it  was  held  up  for  a 
mark. 

We  never  obferved  that  thefe  Indians  hai  any  idols,  or  made 
facrifices  :  but  as  we  found  out  that  they  had  a  plurality  of  wives, 
or  women,  at  leaft,  we  inferred,  with  good  reafonj  that  they  were 
ferfeSl  atheijls,  , 

Upon  tlie  death  of  one  of  thefe  Indians  they  ralfed  a  fort  of 
funeral  cry,  and  afterwards  burned  the  body  within  the  houfc 
of  their  ruler ;  but  from  this  we  could  not  pronounce  they  were 
idolaters,  becaufe  the  cry  of  lamentation  might  proceed  from 
afflidion,  and  the  body  might  have  been  burnt,  that  the  corpfe 

^  Ala  oration,  in  the  original,  at  which  time  the  Spaniards  ufually  * 
make  a  Ihort  prayer. 

•  What  thefe  were  is  not  dated.  . 

':'  .     .  ^^  *  (hould 


-  f—    ihii  I      .<^±-^x*-i 


..  .^. — .......MrtiaaMMafc^..^ .  ,.^.«-,....^.^^^^^  (iiiuiiitiiiiiiirr'***^^ 


'■mmmme.^ia&s:<l^^  ^%m£    rfff 


>J 


ihould  not  be  expofed  to  wild  beafts  ;  or  perhaps  this  might  have 
been  done  to  avoid  the  ftench  of  the  deceafed,  when  p\itrefa£tiou 
might  commence. 

'  We  were  not  able  to  underftand  one  of  their  regulations,  as 
they  permitted  our  people  to  enter  all  their  houfes,  except  that 
of  their  ruler  j  and  yet  when  we  had  broken  through  this  eti- 
quette, we  could  not  obferve  any  thing  different  between  the 
palace,  and  the  other  huts. 

It  was  impoffible  for  us  to  underftand  their  language,  for 
which  reafon  we  had  no  intercourfe  but  by  figns,  and  therefore 
both  parties  often  continued  in  a  total  ignorance  of  each  other*3 
meaning  :  we  obferved  however  that  they  pronounced  our  words 

with  great  cafe  ^ 

Their  arms  are  chiefly  arrows  pointed  with  flint,  and  fome  of 
them  with  copper  or  iron  %  which  we  underftood  were  procured 
from  the  N.  and  one  of  thefe  was  thus  marked  q„,  Thefe  ar- 
rows are  carried  in  quivers  of  wood  or  bone,  and  hang  from  their 


wrift  or  neck. 


v,^««»:  tii:*  tV^^-'tii.T"**!?-,  f^  1 


f  From  hence  it  may  be  inferred,  that  thefe  Indians  pronounce  gut- 
turally,  as  all  the  nations  of  Europe  indeed  do,  except  the  Enghlh, 
French,  and  great  part  of  Italy.  r        v  r- 

t  Such  are  to  be  feen  at  S;r  Afhton  Lever's  Mufeum  from  K.  George  s 
found  N.  Lat.  50.  which  confirms  the  journal  m  their  being  brought 
from  the  North.  I  Ihould  conceive  that  the  copper  and  iron  here  mcr>- 
tioned  muft  have  originally  been  bartered  at  our  forts  in  Hudibn's  Bay„ 
with  the  travelling  hordes  of  Indians  who  refort  there  at  ftated  times. 
Some  of  our  own  people  are  alfo  very  enterpyizing  m  their  excurfions, 
as  one  of  them  within  thefe  few  years  hath  beea  as. far  as  N.  Lat.  72. 
W.  Long,  from  Fort  Churchill  24.  where  he  faw  an  open  fea.— In  the 
fame  noble  Mufeum  is  a  mod  particular  bow  from  the  W.  coaft  of  Ame- 
rica N.  Lat.  50.  which  exa^ly  refcrnblea  one  from  the  Labradore 
Coaft. 


%^»fc^ 


But 


J^- 


i> 


■-f>  • 


_^4u.  OB-^jjmiem^ 


iiiiUe'i^^i 


[       21       ] 

But  what  they  chiefly  value  is  iron,  and  particularly  "knives 
or  hoops  of  old  barrels ;  they  alfo  readily  barter  for  bugles, 
whilft  they  rejefted  both  provilions  or  any  article  of  drcfs.  They, 
pretended  however  that  they  fometimes  approved  the  former,  in 
order  to  procure  our  efteem;  but  foon  after  they  had  accepted 
any  fort  of  meat,  we  obferved  that  they  fet  it  afide,  as  of  no 
value.  At  laft  indeed  they  took  kindly  to  our  bifcults,  and  really 
eat  them. 

Amongft  thefe  Indians  there  was  one  who  had  more  familiar 
intercourfe  with  us  than  all  the  reft,  fitring  down  with  us  in  fight 
of  his  countrymen. 

They  ufed  tobacco,  which  they  fmoaked  in  fmall  wooden 
pipes,  in  form  of  a  trumpet,  and  procured  from  little  gardens 
where  they  had  planted  it  \ 

They  chiefly  hunt  deer,  clbulds,  fea-wolves,  and  otters,  nor 
did  we  obferve  that  they  purfued  any  others.  The  only  birds  we 
met  with  on  this  part  of  the  coaft  wer6  daws,  hawks,  very 
fmall  paroquets,  ducks,  and  gulls;  there  "were  alfo  fome  par- 
rots with  red  feet,  bUls,  and  breafts,  like  lories  both  in  their 
head«  and  flight. 

The  firh  on  that  coaft  are  chiefly  fardines,  pejerey*,  and  cod ; 
of  which  they  only  bring  home  as  much  as  will  fatisfy  the  wants 
of  the  day. 

We  tried  to  find  if  they  had  ever  feen  other  ftrangers,  or  fhips 
than  pur  own,  but  though  we  took  great  pains  to  inform  ourfelves 
on  this  head,  we  never  could  perfedly  comprehend  what  they 
faid ;  upon  the  whole  we  conceived  that  we  were  the  only  foreigners 
who  had  ever  vifited  that  part  of  the  coaft. 

fi.7mcr"lt"ff,l°'„f^^^^  "  a.,  indigenous  plant  in 

.*  I\Mrg^.^tf/oi"nS:„t^ ' '"  ™' """"  ^^  =»™^'  »""'■='• 


'r?    i 


;l 


intm^^tuMs^m^i 


iiiiak  1  m  u^vJ*Ml^^  .w^.uitf^-' 


i 

f 

i 


[       22      ] 

We  llkewlfe  endeavoured  to  know  tVom  them  u  hether  tl.cy 
had  any  mines  or  precious  ftouc. ;  but  in  this  we  were  likewilc 

dlHippointed.  ■'      -  '-  r-     r   ^-iv 

What  wc  faw  of  the  country  leaves  us  no  doubt  of  its  fertility^ 
and  that  it  is  capable  of  producing  all  the  plants  of  Europe     Ih 
moft  of  the  gullies  of  the  hills  there  are  rills  of  clear  and  cool 
water,    the  fides  of  which  arc   covei-ed  with  herbs    (as  m  the 
meadows   of  Europe)    of    both    agreeable   verdure   and  fitiell'. 
Amongft  thefe  were  Caftilian  rofcs,    fmallage.  llUes,  plantain,, 
thiftles,  camomile,  and  many  others.     Wc  llkewlfe  found  ftraw- 
berrles,  rafberrles,  blackberries,  fweet   onions,  and  potatoes,  all 
which   grew  in  confiderable  abundance,  and    particularly   near 
the  rills.     Amongft  other  plants  wc  obferved  one  which  much 
refembled  percely  (though  not  In  Its  fmell),  which  the  Indians 
bruifed  and  eat,  after  mixing  it  with  onions. 

The  hills  were  covered  with  very  large,  high,  and  ftrait  pines, 
amongft  which  I  obfer^ed  fomc  of  izo  tcet  ^  high,  and  4  m  dia- 
metpr  towards  the  bottom. 

All  thefe  pines  are  proper  fi>r  mafts  and  ihlp-buildmg. 
The  outline  of  the  port  is  reprefented  in  Chart  the  6th ',  whicli 
vras  drawn  by  D.  Bruno  Heccta,  D.  Juan  Fr.  de  la  Bodega,  and 
mylelf.  Though  the  port  is  there  reprefented  as  open,  yet  it  is 
to  be  underftood  that  the  harbour  is  well  ftieltered  from  the 
S.  W.  W.  &  N.  W.  as  alfo  from  the  N.  N.  E.  &  E. 
. '  [This  difcovery  was  made  by  the  fchooner  on  the  9th  of 
June.]     .  h-!^uafy-i^j^  ' ' :  '■ 

i  Perhaps  the  accounts  given  by  navigators  of  the  beauty  of  a  coimtry 
or  itfproduaions  after  a  Idng  voyage  may  be  not  entirely  relied  upon, 
.as  they  are  commonly  exagerated.  ^  ^ 

^  Thef?Chart?,"  which  amount  to  nine,  have  never  been  tranfinitted  to 


England,  >* 


'"  t;-^ 


f 


r:-/  k 


■^. 


'  i. 


^l-.,.  -l^alliBi  =***«- -«—- 


i  bii^.^-*^.'  f'*»A  JirJui«.«l£AaA:^ 


vt^^tJ^^*, 


■-  -■■>     .  ,:.  -■  Iff*;-.  .  '"^  ;>':.  -^*i 


I    ^3    3 

In  the  W.  part  there  is  a  hill  50  flithoms  "  high,  joining  to 
the  continent  on  the  N,  fide,  where  there  is  another  rifing  of  20, 
hoth  of  which  afford  protection  not  only  from  the  winds,  but  the 
attack  of  an  enemy.  '       )  /  > 

At  the  entrance  of  the  port  is  a  fmall  ifland  of  confidc'rabic 
height,  without  a  fingle  plant  upon  it;  and  on  the  fides  ©rthe 
coaft  are  high  rocks,  which  are  very  convenient  for  difembarking"; 
goods  alio  may  be  (hipped  fo  near  the  hill",  that  a  ladder 
may  be  ufed  from  the  land  tci  the  veflel ;  and  near  the  fand  are 
many  fmall  rocks,  which  lecure  the  fhip  at  anchor  from  theS.E. 
.andS.W.,-    /■  '   • 

We  compleated  our  w-aterlng  very  early  from  the  number  of 
rills  which  emptied  themfelves  into  the  harbour ;  we  were  like- 
wile  as  fooii  fupplied  with  wood.  .    : 

We  paid  great  attention  to  the  tides,  and  found  them  to  be 
as  regular  as  in  Europe.  ;»*. 

We.  maA(>  r«»p<>afpd  obfervations  with  regard  to  the  latitude  of 
this  harbour,  and  found  it  was  exadtly  41 'degrees  and  7  minutes 
N.  whilfl:  we  fuppofed  the  Longitude  to  be  ip  degrees  and  4  mi- 
nutes W.  of  S.  Bias. 

We  had  thus  thoroughly  inveftigated  every  thing  which  re- 
lates to  this  harbour,  except  the  courfe  of  a  river  which*  came 
from  the  S.  W.  and  which  appeared  whilft  we  were  at  the  top 
of  the  hill  P.  We  took  therefore  the  boat  on  the  i8th,  and 
found  that  the  mouth  was  wider  than  is  neceflary  for  the  difchargc 
of  the  water,  which  is  loft  in  the  fands  on  each  fide,  fo  that  we 

r     "  Tueffas. 

"  By  the  water  being  deep  dofe  to  thefe  lEocks*  "        -. 

"  Sc.  That  of  50  fathoms  in  height.'  ,        « 

P  The  going  thither  hath  been  before  mentioned. 


y\  1' 


D* 


.i  i 


CO 


ul^ 


%v- 


>ic<Biiiiwg.fasikfc«MwfcB 


'■^T'lr^miirjihA'-    <ih#"'i  '*timm 


tlii^iii 


.^^ 


t     »4     I 

couW  not  even  enter  it  except  at  full  tide.  However  we  left  our 
boat,  and  proceded  a  league  into  the  country,  whilft  the  river 
continued  of  the   fame  width ;    viz.  20   feet,    and  about  five 

deep. 

On  the  banks  of  this  river  were  larger  timber  trees  than  we 
had  before  feen,  and  we  conceived  that  in  land-floods  the  whole 
plain  (which  was  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  league  broad)  muft 
be  frequently  covered  with  water,  as  there  were  many  places 
where  it  continued  to  ftagnate. 

We  gave  tliis  river  the  name  of  Pigeons,  becaufe  at  our  firft 
landing  we  faw  large  flocks  of  thefe,  and  other  birds,  fome  of 
which  had  pleafmg  notes. 

On  the  fldes  of  the  mountains  we  found  the  fame  plants  and 
fruits,  as  in  the  more  immediate  neighbourhood  of  Trinity- 
Harbour. 


On  the  19th  of  June,  at  8  in  the  luorning,  we  took  up  our 
anchors,  and  failed  w^ith  a  gentle  breeze  from  N.  W.  which  had 
continued  in  the  fame  direction  all  the  time  we  were  in  port.  It 
fell  calm  however  at  ten,  on  which  we  caft  anchor  about  a  can- 
non's fhot  from  the  little  ifland,  where  we  had  ten  fathom  water, 
and  a  muddy  bottom. 

On  the  20th  in  the  evening  the  wind  blew  again  from  theN.W.  ^ 
and  we  failed  to  the  E.  S.  W.  &  S.  E.  the  wind  continuing  N.  W. 
which  made  the  fea  run  high. 

On  the  2ift  was  new  moon,  and  the  wind  veered  about  to  the 
W.  with  fmall  rains  and  mifts,  which  feparated  the  two  (hips 
for  fix  or  eight  hours,  during  which  we  made  our  fignals  by 
lights,  and  firing  guns. 

In  order  to  get  into  the  courfe  we  were  to  fleer,  if  the  wind  ^ 
proved  favourable,  I  mentioned  to  our  commander  what  I  had 

read 


'\i  <l^'ll1l'lflllll■i^^ll'lMl^K^^|•|V  i- imi'ir'i' rtir  ,■—■■■"--■•■■--"■ .—...--»..'  -    n  ii-»»  i 


f    ^5    ). 

read  In  !>.  Juan  Petez's  journal  %  wh'ch  had  been  delivered  to 
him,  where  it  was  obferved  that  this  navigator  had  the  winds 
from  the  S.  &  S.  E.  with  which  it  was  eafy  to  run  aloi  "ihe  coaft, 
to  a  high  Northern  latitude,  and  for  that  reafon  Perez  was  of  opinion 
that  the  coaft  fhould  not  be  approached  till  4.9,  in  which  I  agreed 
with  him.  Our  commanders  indeed  kept  as  much  to  windward 
as  poffible  in  order  to  take  advantage  of  the  wind,  when  it  fhould 
become  fair ;  but  ir  foon  changed  to  the  W.  ^  N.  W.  which 
drove  us  on  that  part  of  the  coaft  which  we  wanted  to  avoid.. 

On  this  faine  day  we  repaired  feveral  damages  which  our  ihip 
had  fuffered,  with  the  greateft  alacrity,  in  hopes  of  profecuting 
our  difcoveries,  and  found  that  (he  failed  better  comparatively 
with  the  frigate  than  (he  had  done  before '. 

On  the  id  of  July  fome  other  damages  were  repaired. 
>  Although  we  laid  great  ftrefs  upon  getting  to  the  Weft  ward, 
in  order  that  we  might  afterwards  proceed  N.  as  alfo  difcover 
feme  port  In  a  lower  latitude  than  6;,  yet  we  were  not  able  to 
effeft  this,  as  the  wind  from  being  W.  turned  to  the  N.  W.  and 
drove  us  upon  the  coaft  [too  early]. 

On  the  9th  of  July  I  conceived  myfelf  to  be  in  the  latitude  of 
the  mouth  of  a  river',  difcovered  by  John  de  Fuca  (according  to 
the  French  map)  which  we  therefore  endeavoured  to  make  for 
whilft  at  the  fame  time  we  obferved  that  the  fea  was  coloured,  as 
in  foundings;  many  fi(h',  reeds  20  feet  long,  and  the  Orange- 

^  It  appears  afterwards  that  this  D.  Juan  Perez  was  enjgn  on  board  . 
the  frigate,  and  that  he  had  failed  in  a  former  voyage  of  difcovery  to  a 
confiderable  N.  Latitude  on  the  W.  coaft  of  America.  ' 

'  The  particulars  of  thefe.  repairs,  as  alfo  in  what  refpcA  Ihe  failed 
better,  are  omitted  as  uninterefting. 

»  Perhaps  ^«//  [bocaj.  ' 

*  5ri«wa/,  luppoled  to  be  porpeffes.  -  "  r   fe*^ 


.  ■■»• 


.  •■  -^  -^ 


-.«^JJ&        ,     t^ASBM^    4.^  **>^^j£«C- 


.  .9U  <v  ^a««;Vbj£A  .rf**w^  <t3fc»^'-.^-^ 


.*>iA 


.au^ 


I 


[  ^'6  1 

U.uh^  likcwifc  appeared;   all  of  which  clrcumftances  ihcwcd 
;that  we  were  not  far  diftant  from  the  coaft.  '  ^'  -'^'*  -*  * 

The  dune  day  both  whid  and  fea  incrcafed  fo  much  that  our 
.deck  was  thoroughly  wetted,  and  our  ciftern  of  water  alfowas 
much  damaged,  on  which  accoui.t  it  became  neceflary  to  fleer 
S  W  from  five  in  the  evening  till  daybreak,  when  the  fea 
became  more  calm,  nndwind  more  fair;  fothat  we  failed N. and 
a  point  to  the  E,  hoping  to  difcovcr  tlic  land. 

At  fun-fet  the  horizon  was  more  clear,  and  the  llgns  of  ap- 
proaching the  coafl  greatly  increafed;  as  we  could  not  diftinguim 
it  however  wc  kept  in  the  wake  of  the  frigate,   by  very  clear 

.moonhgnt.  •       -  .  .  ,       «         ' 

On  the  nth  at  day  hreak'  the  (ky  was  very  bright,  there  wa^ 
an  appearance  of  foundings,  much  fea-weed,  maoy  birds,  an<ithc 
greateft  figns  of  being  near  land.     In  eflfea  at  1 1  the  fun  Ihone, 
■  and  we  diftinguifhed  the  coaft  to  th^  N.  W.  when  we  were  aboirt 
1 2  leagues  from  »t.  .-2_„' -__„-**  .     r»     :. 

In  the  evening  both  wind  and  fea  rofe  fo  much  that  the  frigate 
thought  it  right  to  keep  us  in  fight,  and  we  were  much  fatigued 
by  the  violence  of  the  weather.  .  i    .  ^ 

On  the  12th  we  had  got  five  or  fix  leagues  to  the  N.  of  the 
frigate,  whilft  we  were  but  three  leagues  from  the  land,  with  a 
xnore  favourable  wind  and  calmer  fea,  fo  that  we  joined  her  by 
eleven.  At  fix  in  the  evening  the  coafl  was  not  more  difta.it 
;thana  league,  when  we  diflinguifhed  various  headlands,  many  finall 
-Iflands,  as  alfo  mountains  covered  with  fnow.  ^    i  ;  - 

We  likewife  found  a  barren  iaand  about  half  a  league. in  cir- 
.<:iamfer€nce,  which  we  called  <^Po^w.  .  v    ;^  i 


A  fea-plaat  before  defcribed- 


-'.*; 


1. 


We 


km*.. 


) 


(    >7    ]. 

We  now  carried  all  the  fail  we  could  to  follow  the  frigate,  ^'Ut 
we  could  not  do  fo  at  the  proper  diftnuce*  iu  fo  much  that  at  lun- 
let  we  loa  fight  of  her,  aud  although  during  the  whole  night 
we  hung  out  llglits,  fired  our  guns,  as  alfo  rockets,  fhc  never 
aniwered  our  fignab,  from  which  wc  concluded  that  they  could . 
not  he  diftioguilhed  by  our  companion.  »   ^ 

On  the  13th  however  the  frigate  ap|>carcd  at  a  great  ill ftancc,. 
aiid  feemed  to  be  making  for  the  coaft.         >  -rl    * 

We  now  founded,    and  found  59  fathoms  of  watery  caAing. 
anchor  two  leagues  and  half  from  the  land.     At  twelve  on  tlvc 
fame  day  we  faw  the  frigate  ftill  at  a  greater  diftance  to  leeward, 
diough  flic  endeavoured  to  approach  the  coaft.     On  this  wc  fct 
fail  to  join  her,,  keeping  at  the  fame  time  as  near  to  the  land  as 
we  could,  and  being  not  farther  diftant  than  a  mile,  wc  plainly 
diflingui(hed,  as  we  paffed  to  the  S.  W.  the  plains,  fmall  de- 
tached rocks,  and  low  headlands,  till  fix  in  the  evening.     As  we 
could  not  however  RnH  anj  port,  «ix>d  could  not  bear  to  lofe  the 
Northing  wc  had  gained  with  fo*  much  trouble,  we  determined' 
tocaft  anchor  near  a  point,  where  we  thought  we  (hould  be  able 
to  procure  wood  and  water,  as  well  as  mafts. 

The  frigate  was  now  not  more  than  half  a  league  diftant,  and  • 
we  therefore  made  a  fignal  to  her  to  caft  anchor,  having  eight 
fathoms  of  water  upon  founding. 

After  this  I  foon  went  on  board  the  frigate,  the  Captain  of 
which  told  me  that  the  Commander  of  the  fchooner  fhould  come 
to  him,  in  order  to  hold- a  council,  whether  the  fchooner  Ihould 
proceed  or  not  to  a  higher  latitude,  as  every  minute  we  flayed 
longer  on  the  coaft,   would  fubjed  us  to  greater  rifques,  both- 
from  the  winds  and  fea.     This  was  alfo  the  more  to  be  dreaded, . 
as  the  whole  crew  of  the  frigate  had  been  fick  for  the  two  laft 
days,  whilft  the  commander  himielf  was  far  from  well.     The  • 
,:  captain 


>   ■--■fh-tl    ,"\-t     ■-t^^^,W"'"ii;    11  ir 


■■t#i«i;'i>'--.,.s.' 


i^ivljj.iiiS^s 


j-^,.^  ^r>lf.^W.-|i  :^.<*i'Mt*i.  ..■«;■§■ 


I 

i 


1. 

r  ^! 

1 


i' 
(1^ 


t    28    ] 

captiiin  of  the  fchooner  therefore  %va9  to  keep  near,  an'd  jolfttly 
take  poflefllon  of  this  pnrt  of  the  coaft.  I  accordingly  carried  thefe 
orders  to  the  fchooiicr»  whofe  cnptain  diredled  that  the  next  day 
we  (hould  join  the  frigate. 

In  tlie  mean  wliile  nine  canoes  of  tall  and  ftout  Indians  np- 
peared,  who  invited  the  crew  of  the  fchooner  with  great  cordiality 
to  eat,  drink,  and  fleep  with  them. 

Our  commander  took  care  to  regale  them  in  the  heft  manner 
he  could,  and  particularly  their  chieftains,  as  well  as  thofe  who 
came  the  moft  reatiily  on  board,  giving  them  whatever  they 
feemed  moft  to  defire. 

The  Indians,  being  obliged  by  fhfcfe  civilities,  rowed  near  to  our 
ftiip,  making  friendly  fjgns,  and  ns  we  anfwered  by  the  fame 
civilities,  they  left  us  at  nine,  and  foon  returned  with  fifh  of 
many  forts,  pagro^  whale,  and  falmon,  asalfoflefh  of  feveral  ani- 
mals, well  cured  under  ground.  Thefe  prefents,  in  fufficient 
abundance,  were  offered  to  our  commander,  after  which  they 
returned  to  their  villages,  leaving  us  in  high  admiration  of  their 
noble  proceedings. 

On  the  14th  in  the  morning  the  fea  ebbed  lb  low,  that  the 
ridges  of  rocks  appeared  along  the  coaft,  which  prevented  us  from 
then  failing,  and  obliged  us  to  wait  for  the  full  of  the  tide, 
which  was  to  happen  at  1 2  at  noon.  During  this  interval  the 
Indians  trafficked  with  us  for  variousr  ikins  of  animals,  for  which 
they  expe£ledfomepeicest)f  iron  in  exchange,  which  they  mani- 
fefted  by  putting  their  hands  upon  the  rudder-irons' ;  our  people 
therefore  procured  them  ftich,  from  old  chefts,  after  which  they 
•returned  to  their  village,  making- the  fame  figns  as  they  had  done 
'the  day  before. 


*  Los  Machos  del  timon.' 


On 


41 


.-/( 


lP4i>j*'*.'*««*^.  i»*.iia«^«*i' 


On  the  I  ft  of  July  we  weio  ta  go  mi  fhdrc  by  order  of  oiii 
coninuuidci  ;  and  as  wc  wen:  llill  to  continue  our  voyage  for 
lome  time,  it  was  nccdlary  wc  fliould  procure  a  fufficient  quan- 
tity of  water  (lo  much  being  ufed  lincc  we  failed  from  Port" 
Trinity)  rliough  hitherto  we  had  not  been  able  to  cifed  this 
from  waiu  of  a  proper  tide,  which  at  the  fame  time  prevented 
U3  from  getting  wood  and  a  maft.  For  this  rcafon  fuch  part  of 
the  crew  was  pitched  upon  who  were  likely  to  be  moft  aftive  m 
the  fervice,  each  of  them  taking  a  gun  and  piUol,  and  fomc  of 
them  a  cutlafs''  and  cartridge-box,  the  whole  party  being  put 
under  the  command  of  Pedro  Santa-Ana  %  who  always  diftin- 
guilhed  hlmfelf  upon  fuch  occafions.  They  alfo  took  with  them 
iiatchets,  and  were  diredled  to  fend  us  back  the  boat,  that  wc 
might  fill  it  with  calks,  after  which  they  were  to  carry  thorn  to 
that  part  of  the  coaft  where  they  could  fooneft  compleat  their' 
watering. 

Our  detachment  therefore  contiivcdto  land  where  tliere  was' 
the  deepell  water,  and  the  neareft  poflible  to  a  river.  They  had' 
fcarcely  done  this,  however,  when  the  Indians  rufiied  out  from 
the  mountains  to  the  number  of  300,  and  furrounding  our  fea- 
men  immediately,  wc  concluded  that  the  whole  detachment 
would  have  been  cut  off,  as  we  only  perceived  a  fingle  fire  from 
our  people,  and  that  two  of  them  running  to  the  fhore  threw 
themfelves  into  the  fea,  whofe  fate  we  could  not  know  on  account 
-of  the  (hallows  of  the  coaft.  •  '  ' '   '  ' 

As  we  therefore  could  not  help  our  comrades,  by  'not  having" 
fufficient  depth  of  fea  for  our  veflel,  we  fired  our  great  guns  and 

y  Sabre.    *    -'"  -"'^— •■    -u:.,;=i&'")  .    .,    x.    1  ,,';..:,■.,*  W"^' ..  r*    |. 
He  is  dated  to  have  been  contro-macftre,   or  perhaps  maflcr's 

mulkets ; 

■4 


mate. 


rf».lrf*Si-?      .  a.  ■  - 


^■■ataHn^M 


> 


1. 

i 


*  ■ 


I 


1 


[     30     ] 

mufkets ;  but  ns  our  (hot  did  not  reach  the  Indians,  nor  could 
they  know  what  damage  we  might  do  them  at  a  iefs  diftance, 
they  did  not  move  at  nil,  or  defift  fVom  their  treacherous  attack. 
On  this,  not  being  able  to  fuccour  our  comrades,  we  hoifted  a 
fignal  of  diftrefs,  which  the  frigate  being  fo  fi\r  ofF  could  not 
diftinguifh.  The  Indians  however  at  eleven  returned  to  their 
villages,  vvhilft  we  neitlier  could  fee  our  feaanen  or  their 
boats. 

By  twelve  at  nooii  it  was  full  fea,  and  we  endeavoured  to  reach 
the  frigate,  every  one  exerting  themfelves  to  the  utmoft ;  our 
whole  crew,  indeed,  now  confifted  of  but  five  men,  and  a  boy,, 
who  were  in  health,  with  four  that  were  fickr 

As  foon  as  we  had  let  fail,  nine  canoes  of  Indians,  with  an 
increafed  number  of  men  on  board,  placed  themfelves  at  a  fixed 
diftance  from  us,  whilft  one  of  them,  with  only  nine  chieftains  * 
on  board,  rowed  pretty  near  to  the  fide  of  our  veflel,  offering  us,, 
whilft  their  bows  were  unbent,  fome  handfome  jackets,  and  prac- 
tifing  their  former  arts  of  deceit,  by  temptmg  us  with  the  provi- 
fions  they  had  before  fupplied. 

But  we  were  now  upon  our  guard,  and  preparing  for  our  de~ 
fence,  though  we  ftill  thought  it  right  on  our  part  to  entice  them, 
nearer,  by  fliewing  bugles  and  other  trifles,  which  had  as  little 
efFe(St  upon  our  enemies,  who  contrived  however  to.  make  figns 
that  we  fliould  go  on.  £hore»  At  laft  they  were  tirfed  of  thefe- 
overtures,  and  knowing  the  fmall  nymber  of  our  crew,  they 
jnade  a  (hew  of  furrounding  our  veflel ;  holding  their  bows  bent 
againft  us. 

On  the  other  hand,  though  we  had  but  three  on  board  able 
to  handle  a  mufquet  (viz.  our  Captain,  hisj  iervant,  and  myfelf) 

»  So  the  original ;  and  t  concludethe  meaning  to  be,  that  in  this  canoe 
there  were  none  but  chieftains.        ^r 

yet 


<-.i 


i 


t    3'     ) 

yet  we  foon  killed"  fix  of  the  Indians,  as  alfo  damaged  tlielr 
canoe.  They  now  experienced  how  much  we  were  able  to  annoy 
them,  and  feemed  to  be  afloniflied.  They  afterwards  covered 
their  dead  with  their  jackets,  and  at  laft  returned  to  fuch  a  dif. 
tance  that  we  could  not  reach  them  with  our  fhot ;  in  which 
retreat  they  were  affifted  by  the  other  canoes,  who  had  not  before 
fupported  them,  l^hey  then  held  a  council,  which  ended  in 
their  going  back  to  their  village. 

Our  commander,  in  the  mean  time,  hearing  the  difchatge  of 
our  mufquets,  thought  we  fliould  want  ammunition,  and  fent  us 
fome  in  the  launch,  in  which  we  cafl:  anchor  along  fide  of  the 
frigate.  We  then  went  on  board,  hoping  that  we  fhould  be 
permitted  to  ufe  the  launch,  knd  with  an,  armed  force,  deftroy 
the  villages  of  the  Indians,  and  try  to  recover  thofe  of  our  own 
people,  who  perhaps  had  hid  themfelves  in  the  woods,  or  had 
faved  themfelves  by  fwimming. 

On  this  point  we  held  a  council,  at  \vhich  the' (;oiiifrta:nder 
ftated  our  dangerous  fituatlon,  the  difficulties  In  landing  we  were 
to  expedl,  both  from  fea  and  weather,  and  the  diftance  of  the 
village  ;  he  alfo  added,  that  the  deftrudion  of  our  people  was 
alhioft  diftinaiy  feen,  and  therefore  that  there  could  be  little 
probability  of  any  one's  having  efcaped. 

D.  Criftoval  de  Revilla  and  D.  Juan  Perez  wpre  of  .opTuioi{ 
we  fliould  direaiy  fail,  although  the  commander '' and  myfelf 
prefled  taking  fome  revenge  for  the  butchery  of  our  comrades, 
a«  likewife  waiting  to  know  the  fate  of  thofe  who  might  have 
furvived  by  fwimming,  and  who  muft  necefl'arily  furrender  them- 
felves to  the  Barbarians.  We  alfo  dwelt  upon  the  ftrong  pre- 
fumption,  that  it  would  be  agreeable  to  his  majefty  that  the  hi- 


The  commander  feems  to  have  given  different  advice  before. 

^2  ,        dJjiis 


^"Viftl     *    -#.,-*«l.'V*!r»'*-*'g«S«   ^K     ■ 


,**.-».    '.^-■*l,'?.>#'. 


:.jk.- 


'  '***«»t*i*i.AM»-»fe-. 


"  kri.',m*.  ^     Mtlk^''^': 


y     .rfrtB*»tf«^ 


l-WM'MUV    "  "'^* 


i 


I 


i 


[  5^  1 

dians  fliould  feel  the  fuperior  force  of  his  arms,  who  would  other- 
wile  treat  future  difcoverers  in  the  feme  manner ;  we  added,  that 
though  the  village  was  not  near,  yet  if  we  waited  till  next  day  we 
Blight  reach  it,  whilfl:  it  might  be  expeded  that  the  winds  would 
not  blow  with  violence  at  the  new  moon.    ■ 

The  reafons  on  both  fides  having  been  thus  tirged,  the  com- 
mander readily  conleirted  to  follow  the  advice  and  wiOies  of  the 

majority* 

When  this  point  was  decided,  our  commander  took  our  opi- 
nions with  regard  to  the  fchooner-s  proceeding,  as  fhe  was  in  fo 
bad  plight;  when  (except  DXriftoval  de  Revilla)  we  all  agreed 
that  (he  ftiould  continue  to  pfofecute  her  voyage.  Thefe  our  opi- 
nions were  reduced  into  writing  on  the  i6th.  '  '     "  '• 

[Thefe  ar^  again  omitted,  as  probably  unlntereftlng  to  the 
reader  :  but  both  the  captain  of  the  fchooner,  and  the  journaliil 
jigreeingto  proceed;].     -.  j?:?.     a  /.  i'^*-^  ^^-^  iu^v.   ^»,^'»  '    t 

■  On  the  i4tli  of  July  we  failed,  at  five  in  the  evening,  from 
this  road,  which  lies  in  4/.  21  N.  LatS  the  wind  bchig  N.  W. 
Und  N.  N.  W.  by  which  we  left  the  coaft,  fleering  S.  W. 

On  the  1 9th  our  captain  received  feme  letters  from  Don  Juan 

Perez  (enfign "  of  the  fi igate)  as  likcwife  the  furgeon,  in  which- 

they  ftated  the  then  health  of  their  crew,  and  dcfuing  our  opinion 

thereon.  .  ,,,  •  ,  -^  na     t  i     » 

[Here  follow  the  anfwers  of  the  captain  of  the  fchooner  and 

Maurelle  the  journalift,  who,  to  their  great  credit,  perfifl  \ix  their 

v.oyage  of  difcovery.} 


•  rfs  ,•(:/,''! 


v.:-:.  -..fh  -*  -  ^  ''^■- 


•  The  longitude  is  not  ftatcd,  but  by  the  fhip's  reckoning  I  find  that 
tl  e  W.  Longitude  from  St.  Bias  was  21  19. 

<  Alferez.  ,     r.     i  ^  n^u\ 


\ 


•^.^Iflll^.-IT*"-' 


'.r^f 


[    33    ] 

Till  the  24th  the  i'ind  continued  N.  W.  &  N.  when  the 
fchooner  received  from  the  frigate  a  cannon,  with  a  box  of  powder 
and  ball. 

From  the  24th  to  the  30th  we  fleered  N.  W.  when  at  funfet 
tliere  were  great  threatenings  of  a  ftorm,  and  the  weather  becom- 
ing dark,  the  fea  ran  fo  high,  that  we  could  not  diftinguilh 
the  lights  of  the  frigate,  and  were  obliged  to  make  our  (ignals  by- 
guns  and  rockets.  •     >   .  • 

On  the  31ft  it  continued  to  be  fo  dark  that  even  during  the  day 
we  could  not  fee  the  frigate. 

On  the  I  ft  of  Auguft  at  day-break  we  had  the  fiime  dark  wea- 
ther, fo  that  we  could  not  dlftinguilh  at  half  a  league's  diftance, 
nor  had  we  fight  of  the  frigate :  we  kept  on  however  (the  wind 
abating)  with  a  Wefterly  courfe,  till  the  4th,  when  we  fuppofcd 
ourfelves  to  be  17  leagues  W.  of  the  continent. 

On  the  5th  the  wind  began  to  be  favourable  from  the  S.  W. 
and  the  frigate  ftill  not  appearing,  our  captain  confultcd  us 
whether  we  ihould  profecute  our  difcov'^ries.  \Vc  had  indeed 
for  the  laft  two  months  been  reduced  to  fhort  allowance  of  pro- 
vifions,  and  a  quart  of  water  each  day,  fince  we  left  the  laft  land  ; 
our  bread  alfo  was  almoft  fpoiled  by  the  fea  getting  into  the  bread- 
room,  and  the  fdafon  for  failing  to  the  Northward  began  almoft 
to  end.  ^el  notwithftanding  thefe,  and  other  objedions,  we 
continued  unanimoufly  of  opinion  to  execute  our  orders  ;.  as,  if 
we  did  otherwife,  his  majefty  muft  have  incurred  the  expence 
of  a  frelh  expedition,  Our  crew  likewife  was  now  animated,  and 
every  one  agreed  to  contribute  proportionably  for  a  folemn  mafs 
to  our  Lady  of  Bethlem,  intreatlng  her  that  we  might  be  able  to 
reach  the  Latitude  enjoined  by  our  inftru(5lions.  This  propofal  of 
the  crew  bqlng  communicated  to  the  captain,  he  applauded 
much  their  ardour  and  devotion,  which  was  rewarded  before 
evening,  by  the  winds  blowing  from  a  favourable  quarter. 

On 


t" 


• '  .' 


»    « 


«i.s^  ->stts- 


■fc^wS^^ 


«=»jiAwi.it£>iM>*^Ka<k<fc»*M»'a:^-r«fe^l-...gaarfa^t..--^:4ii^^  ■ 


jJl. 


[     34    3 

On  the  loth  there  was  a  full  moon,  and  the  wuid  blew  frefli 

from  the  S.  W. 

On  the  13th  we  conceived  ourfelves  to  be  hi  foundhigs  from 
the  colour  of  the  fea ;  at  the  fame  time  appeared  Orange  heads, 
many  flags  many  birds,  with  red  feet,  breaft,  and  beak,  as  alfo 

manv  whales ;  all  which  were  certain  figns  of  our  nearer  ap- 

"'  ■      ,.i    ,•.■■.■■     »' 

proach  to  land. 

During  the  14th  and  15th  thefe  figns  increafed,  when  we 
found  ourfelves  in  N.  Lat.  56,  8.  &  154  leagues  W.  of  the  con- 
tinent, and  69  leagues  from  an  illand  to  be  found  in  our  charts 
which  likewife  pointed  out  an  archipelago  in  the  fame  parallel. 
This  fearch  however  was  attended  with  great  difficulty,  as  the 
wind  blew  with  great  violence,  whilft  the  mifts  did  not  permit  us 
to  diftinguifh  any  diftant  ohjeft. 

At  noon  on  the  i6th  we  faw  land  to  the  N.  W.  at  thediftance 
of  fix  leagues,  and  it  foon  afterwards  opened  to  the  N.  E.  pre- 
fenting  confiderahle  headlands  and  mountai:ie,  one  of  which  was 
■  of  an  immenfe  height,  being  fituated  upon  a  projeding  cape,  and 
of  the  moft  regular  and  beautiful  form  I  had  ever  feen.  It  was 
alfo  quite  detached  from  the  great  ridge  of  mountains.  Its  top 
was  covered  with  fnow,  under  which  appeared  fome  wide  gullies, 
which  continue  till  about  the  middle  of  the  mountain,  and  from 
thence  to  the  bottom  are  trees  «f  the  fame  kind  as  thofe  at 

Trinity  ^ 

We  named  this  moutain  St.  Jaclnihus  ^  and  the  cape  del  Erigan- 
no^.  both  of  which  are  fituated  in  N.  Lat.  si-  2-  and  by  two 

«  1  {hould  rather  fuppofe  that  this  was  the  chart  of  D.  Juan  Perez, 
who  was  on  board,  and  had  been  on  a  former  voyage  of  difcovery. 
»    f  Before  defcribed  to  be  pines. 

K  There   is  a  monaftery  of  St,  Jaclnthus,  at  a  fmall  diftance  from 
Mc-ico.    Gage's  Survey  of  the  W.  Indies. 

h  Or  of  deceit.)         1     -     -:^       .,     -     -    —       -'^    /■ 

repeated 


;;i<rti 


i:a  filfirniiirtfT'-i  — 


w,MM..       ...Mfc^f^-""-  '^-'-.J-Wft  »,H*-Mi<0t»if.i>'it>m'f*-^^i'~'  - 


t    35    1 

repeated  obfervations  at  a  mile's  diftaiice  we  found  the  W.  Long, 
from  St.  Bias  to  be  34. 1 2. 

From  this  cape  we  fixed  the  prhicipal  points  on  the  coaft,  as 
will  appear  by  our  chart.   •  ' 

On  the  17th  the  wind  blew  moderate  from  the  S.  by  means 
of  which  we  entered  a  bay  that  was  three  leagues  wide  at  its 
mouth,  and  which  was  protected  from  tlie  N.  by  cape  del  Enganno ; 
on  the  oppofite  fide  to  this  cape  we  difcovered  a  port  more  than 
a  league  wide  at  the  entrance,  perfedlly  fecure  from  all  winds 
but  the  S.  We  nearly  approached  the  fides  of  this  bay,  and 
never  found  lefs  than  fifty  fithoms  in  depth ;  but  we  could  not 
perceive  any  kind  of  flat  or  plain,  as  the  mountains  come  quite 
down  to  the  fhore.  Notwithftanding  this  we  diftinguifhed  a 
fmall  river,  which  (it  being  night)  we  did  not  further  attend  to, 
but  caft  anchor  in  66  fathoms,  the  bottom  being  a  clay,  as  we 
found  upon  drawing  up  our  anchors.  -  • 

This  port  is  fituated  in  57.  ix  N. Lat.  and  34.  12.  W.Long, 
from  S.  Bias;  which,  together  with  the'headlaiul,  we  named 
Guadelupe,  ' 

On  the  1 8th  we  failed  again,  with  little  wind ;  when  two 
canoes,  with  four  Indians  in  eagh,  appeared  (viz.  two  men  and 
two  women)  who,  however^  did  not  leem  to  wifli  to  come  oix 
board  us,  but  only  made  figns  that  we  fhould  go  on  fhore,  ; 

We  continued  our  courfe  however  (the  wind  being  N.  W.) 
till  nine  in  tlie  morning,  when  we  entered  another  port,  not  fo 
large  indeed,  but  the  adjacent  country  much  more  defirable  to 
navigators,  as  a  river  empties  itfelf  here  of  eight  or  ten  feet  wide, 
whilft  the  harbour  is  protefted  from  almoft  every  wmd,  by 
means  of  a  long  ridge  of  high  iflands,  almoft  joining  each  other, 
with  anciiorage  o-f  i^  fathoms,  the  bottom  being  a  fand.  Here 
we  caft  anchor  at  a  piftol's  fliot  from  the  land,  where  we  faw,  ot> 

A-  the' 


7t^4^,,V'     -*^^^  .~i^ 


f^4m*.*fc^a«»rarf^awfcg 


i 

i 


[  36  i 

tlic  bank  of  the  river,  a  high  houle,  and  a  pkrftpet '  of  tlmbf  I: 
iupportcd  by  flakes  drove  into  the  ground,  where  we  obfcrved  ten 
Indian  men,  befides  women  and  children. 

We  named  this  port  cie  los  Remedios,  and  found  that  it  was 
fituated  in  57. 1 8  N.  Lat.  and  34.  1 2  W.  Long,  from  St.  Bias. 

The  fame  day,  having  prepared  onrfelves  for  defence  ag,ainft 
the  Indians,  five  of  us  landed  about  noon,  when,  having  pofled 
ourfclvcs  in  the  fafefl  place  we  could  fix  upon,  we  planted  the 
crofs  with  all  proper  devotion,  cutting  another  on  a  rockS  and 
difplaying  the  Spanifh  colours,  according  /..  our  hJlru£liofis  on  that 

head.  '  ^    ,  , 

When  we  had  thus  taken  poflCefTion  of  the  country  we  ad- 
vanced quite  to  the  hank  of  the  river,  in  order  to  fix  upon  the 
mofl  convenient  place  for  water,  which  we  were  in  great  want 
of  as  well  as  flill  greater  of  wood ;  fo  that  wewere  under  an 
abfolute  ncceflitv  of  providing  ourfblves  with  both.  Having 
fixed  upon  the  proper  fpot,  we  «ow  returned  to  the  fliip,  the  In- 
dians having  not  come  forth  from  their  parapet. 

We  foon  however  perceived  them  approach  the  place  where  we 
had  fixed  the  crofs,  which  they  took  away,  and  fixed  it  on  the 
front  of  their  houfe,  in  the  proper  direaion,  whilfl  at  the 
fame  time  they  made  us  figns  with  their  open  arms,  that  they  had 
thus  taken  pofiTefTion  of  our  crofs. 

On  the  1 9th  we  landed  at  a  point  fomewhat  diflant,  to  procure 
wood  and  a  mafl,  whilfl  we  fecured  our  retreat  by  a  proper 
difpofitionoffwivelsandmufquetry. 

.   Afterwards  ^^e  returned  to  the  mouth  of  the  river,  to  fill  our 
barrels  with  water,  when  the  Indians  hung  out  a  white  leaf  ^/rom 

i  Probably  thU  was  a  ftage  ^or  curing  iifh,  of  which  thefe  Indians  foott 
offered  a  prefent  to  the, Spaniards. 

k  Pcnna.  ^  ^'^'  ^f. 


»v.i*«»ii-.»i»>«  ««»s.>«-aft 


I     37     ] 

a  pole,  fixed  very  near  to  their  houte,  and  advancing  to  the  op» 
pofite  bank  without  any  arms,  tliey  made  feveral  (igns,  which 
we  did  not  comprehend.  Wu  however  fignified  to  them  in  the 
beft  manner  we  could  that  we  came  only  for  water  ■"  ;  on  which 
the  chieftain  of  the  Indians,  conceiving  that  we  were  very  dry, 
brought  with  him  a  cup  of  it,  with  fome  cured  fifti,  as  far  as 
tlie  middle  of  the  river,  where  it  was  received  by  one  of  our 
feamen,  who  directed  the  Indian  to  prefent  the  water  and  fi(h  fo 
our  captain,  who  immediately  returned  him  in  exchange  bugles 
and  fmall  pieces  of  cloth.  The  Indians  however  were  not  to  be 
£o  fatisfied,  but  infifted  on  other  barter  for  the  water,  which  we 
■refufing  on  our  part,  they  threatened  us  with  long  and  large 
lances  pointed  with  flint,  which  we  paid  no  otlier  attention  to 
but  that  of  fecuring  our  poft.     Our  aflailants  at  laft  finding  that 

we 


■  ^  The  behaviour -of  thefe  Indians  in  their  mtercourfe  with  the  Spa- 
niards feems  ta  prove  a  rather  fuperlcH-  degree  of  ci .  ilization,  than  is  ge- 
neraliy  experienced  from  Barbarians. 

We  find  by  this  account,  that  the  Spaniards,  having  fixed  a  crofs 
\Tpon  their  ground,  the  Indians  refent  this  mark  of  ownerfhip,  and  (a$ 
a  Spaniard  would  have  done  in  his  own  country  if  his  neighbour  thus 
endeavoured  to  make  good  a  claim)  immediately  remove  the  crofs  •,  in 
which  the  laws  of  Europe  would  certainly  have  fupported  tlwm.  Thre 
leaving  any  fymbol  of  pofleflion  upon  an  uninhabited  and  uncultivated 
diilrift  may  indeed  give  a  right  againft  pofterior  claimants  who  cannot 
fet  up  a  better  ;  but  this  part  of  the  American  continent  was  not  only 
peopled,  but  we  are  infomied  a  houfe  and  fiihing-ftage  had   been  built 

i^xin  it. 

We  find  by  this  journal,  that  the  Viceroy  of  Mexico  moft  particu- 
larly enjoined  by  his  inftrurtions  that  poflellion  fhouki  be  thus  taken, 
conceiving  probably  that  the  converting  Indians  to  the  Chriftian  faith, 
ejirirks  the  converter  to  every  thing  which  may  belong  to  the  coaverts. 
This  f  imfy  right  however  could  not  be  maintained  an  inftant  even  upon 
this  ground,  in  any  Court  of  common  fcnfe,  for  the  Spaniards  neither 
intended  then,  or  h£rcafter,  to  make  a  fettlement  in'this  Northern  Lati- 
tude, without  which  it  is  impofliblc  that  fuch  pious  intentions  could  be 


'ciceoippliflitd. 


F 


The 


...^-i^ 


■i-^^l;-i'=^-w.4^rt^^-.,:~i«f;>i^ji-L~V'<.w*.     '^'■'-i*-'-*.'.     -•*.«.  — I.     --««< 


■I  ilh       tf  iMl'l*  "ii    ii  11  ■  wrT  -^m    ,i  -  f 


I    3^    ] 

we  did  not  wldi  to  furrouiul  them,  but  held  them  in  contempt, 
went  back  to  theii- houfes,  as  we  did  to  our  (hip,  having  procured 
the  wood  and  fingle  maft  which  we  wanted,  though  not  fo  much 
water  as  would  have  been  convenient ;  but  we  did  not  think  it 
right  to  carry  away  more,  that  we  might  not  further  irritate  the 

inhabitants. 

At  the  mouth  of  the  river  there  was  abundance  of  fi(h,  of 
Which  our  people  caught  many  whilft  we  were  on  (hoar,  and>ve 
could  have  procured  a  fufficient  quantity  to  have  lafted  us  a  great 
while,  had  we  been  prepared  with  proper  tackle.  They  were 
well  tafted,  and  in  vaft  numbers. 

The  mountains  were  covered  with  the  fame  fort  of  pines  as  at 
7>/«/Vy:  the  inhabitants  alfo  ufe  the  fame  drefs,  only  rather 
longer;  they  likewife  wear  a  cap  over-  their  hair,  which  covers 
their  whole  head. 

The  Siwniards,  after  this,  inform  the  Indians,  by  %"''  *^^a«  *Jl2 
want  water,  on  whicli  one  of  the  American,  brings  a  oup  thus  filled, 
Site 'cured  m,  h.uf  w.y  ncrofs  the  river,  and  ^ops  there  tiU 
a  Spaniard  advance,  the  other  halt  to  receive  it,  ^hil(l  bug  es  and 
other  trifles  are  offered  in  exchange  Iw  the  Spaniards,  and  refufedby  the 
Indians,  who  infift on  abetter  lort  ot  payment. 

It  is  evidcn-  by  the  prellius  of  the  cup  of  water*  and  cured  fift, 
that  the  Indians  wilhcd  to  fupply  all  the  wants  of  thefe  ftrangcrs  as 
iar  as  they  were  able,  notuithftanding  they  had  thm  endeavoured  to 
aain  a  wrongful  polibinon  of  their  country;  they  fee  m  therefore  to  have 
Had  a  right  to  that  fpccies  of  Ixirter  which  they  flood  moft  in  need  of. 

This  contempt  foUugles,  and  other  t,ifl«,  offered  by  the  Spaniards, 
is  a  further  proof  of  the  civilization  of  thelc  Indians,  whofe  ^rogen.- 
ors.  i  Ihoud  fcem.  muil  be  rather  looked  for  on  the  Afiatic,  than 
Ubradore  coaft,  a.  1  am  informed  that  they  have  beards,  which  the 
Indians  of  the  c'entral  and  Eaftern  coaft  of  N.  America  have  not  It  is 
faid  indeed  by  fome,  that  thefe  Indians  eradicate  their  beard  from  its 
iarlicft  app-arance  ;  but  I  can  as  little  believe  that  this  can  be  effefted 
by  any  induftry,  as  tint  they  could  by  any  art  or  pains  make  hair  grow 
upon  the  palms  of  their  hands. 

♦   I  am  informed,  that  the  Inhabitants  of  K.  George's  SonncT,  on  ihis  fme  coaft,  infiftcd 
»po  b  Capt.  Cook's  paj  ing  for  li>e  gruls  he  had  cut.  ^^ 


#* 


■    i^llJM*   ■!!         ■^•^WM'-      ..^k*.-i'j«ft.  • 


Ktte&nMMn 


MM^l'M^jyj^b.^ 


.  ^l^h^^L^,  aM-flwHj.. 


> 


[    59    ] 

We  found  tlie  weather  exceflively  cold,  with  much  rain  and 
fogs,  nor  did  we  fee  the  fun  for  the  three  days  we  continued 
here.  At  the  fiime  time  we  had  only  faint  land-breezes ;  from 
;ill  which  circumftances,  as  well  as  the  great  fatigue  of  our 
feamen,  littla  cover  from  the  bad  weather,  and  great  want  of 
proper  cloaks  to  keep  them  warm,  our  (hip's  company  fo  fickened, 
that  we  could  only  mufter  two  men  for  every  watch. 

On  the  2ift  we  fleered  N.  W.  the  wind  being  at  S.  E,  In 
order  to  difcover  whether  there  was  any  land  to  the  E.  when  we 
might  reach  two  degrees  of  higher  latitude  to  the  N.  or  whether  it 
did  not  lie  to  the  W.  which  we  conceived  to  be  more  probable. 

On  tlie  22d  we  knew,  by  our  reckoning,  that  we  muft  be  near 
the  Eaflcrn  part  of  the  coaft  "•,  as  we  found  ourfelves  by  an  obfcr- 
vation  at  noon  to  be  in  57.  18  N.  Lat.  ,   • 

At  two  in  the  evening  the  wind  blew  frefli  at  N.  W.  when  we 
wantad  to  gain  fo  much  Wefting  as  to  permit  the  reaching  a 
higher  Northern  Latitude,  in  which  attempt  we  muft  have  there- 
fore loft  many  days,  whilft  the  feafon  for  profecuting  our  dif- 
coveries  drew  fo  near  to  an  end.  To  this  it  muft  be  added,  that 
the  ficknefs  of  our  crew  increafed  every  day,  by  their  great  fa- 
tigues, on  which  account  we  defifted  from  our  Northern  courfe, 
and  fteered  S.  E.  approaching  the  coaft  at  a  lefs  diftance  than  a 
mile,  and  endeavouring  to  oWferve  every  projedtion  of  it. 

Though  we  now  therefore  determined  to  return  to  S.Blas,  yet 
we  comforted  ourfelves  in  having  reached  fo  higli  a  latitude  as 
58  ",  beyond  what  any  other  Navigators  had  been  able  to  cfFedt 
in  thofe  feas,  though  our  veflel  failed  fo  indifferently  that  we 
often  had  thoughts  of  quitting  her.  -;,.,,, 

•"  Sc.  as  laid  down  by  Bellin.  ' 

"  By  the  table  only  57.  57.  Capt.Cook  however  Is  fald  to  have  traced 
the  W.  coaft  of  America  beyond  60  N.  Lat.  when  it  runs  for  fome  de- 
crees nearly  E, 


<*»•  ,*> 


,*' 


ft»i«li    i\i  il  a 


[     4«    1 

In  falling  along  the  coaft-  \vc  took  iiidd'-lgaRe  pains  to  obferve 
with  precifion  how  it  lay,  from  which  innu>ueiablc  ohjeaions 
offered  themfelves  to  M.  Bellin's  Charts. 

This  engineer  hath  chiefly  founded  hinifc:lt  upon  the  tracks  of 
two  Ruffian  Navigators,  Beering  and  Tfchirikow,  who  were  fent 
upon  difcovcrles  in  1 741.  It  is  evident  however  that  the  Ruffian 
maps  arc  not  to  he  depended  upon,  for  if  they  had  been  tolerably 
accurate  we  fhould  have  Allien  in  with  the  land  to  the  Weftward, 
more  caiily  than  to  the  Eaft ".  ^ 

Bellin  is  not  Icfs  erroneous  in  laying  down  the  American  coaft, 
and  indeed  it  is  not  at  all  extraordinary  that  his  errors  fhould  be 
(o  numerous,  as  he  had  no  materials  for  his  charts,  but  his 
own  fruitful  imagination ;  no  navigator  having  vifitcd  many 
parts  of  the  American   continent  in  thefe    high  latitudes  but 

ourfclvcs.  ,    •    ,  T? 

We  now  attempted  to  find  out  the  ftralts?  of  Admiral  Fonte, 
though  as  yet  we  had  not  difcovered  the  ArcVipelago  of  S.  Laza- 
rus, through  which  he  is  faid  to  have  failed. 

With  this  intent  we  fearchcd  every  bay  and  recefs  of  the  coaft, 
and  failed  round  every  headland,  lying  to  during  the  night,  that 
we  might  not  lofe  fight  of  this  entrance ;  after  tliefe  pams 
taken,  and  being  favoured  by  aN.W.  wind%  it  may  be  pro- 
nounced thatnofuch  ftraits  are  to  be  found. 

On  the  24th  at  2  in  the  evening,  and  being  in  55.  17  N.  Lat. 
we  doubled  a  cape,  and  entered  into  a  large  bay,  difcovering  to 

•  The  iournalift  fecms  to  fpeak  here  with  regard  to  the  then  fituation 
of  the  fchooncr  Other  objeaions  follow  to  Beilins  map,  which  cannot 
be  comprehended  without  having  the  chart  before  one. 

p  Entrada.  or  entrance  into  them  rather.  In  a  map  which  I  have  pro- 
cured, this  entrance  is  laid  down  in  N.  Lat.  48.  and  faid  to  have  been 
difcovered  by  Juan  deFuca  in  1592.  ,  .  o  «,  . 

H  It  muft  now  be  lecolleded  thi;t  the  fchooner  is  returning  to  S.  Bias. 

•    the 


^ 


^  r^  afe./-  '■H.aHflfcli'J>ll|.iiniwiA~ 


•■liiiiillllin  I  ii*»»ii«'ii  ''^    »iM#rwi^|i»  . 


I 


>n 
ot 

o- 
en 


[     4>      ] 

tiie  N.  an  arm  of  the  fea,  where  the  temperature  \(ras  very 
unpleanmt',  but' the  lea  perfectly  calm,  being  (hellercd  from  the 
wind.  This  arm  alfo  affords  excellent  water  from  rills  and  pools, 
whilft  the  anchorage  is  good,  with  a  vaft  plenty  of  fi(h.  It  is 
delineated  in  one  of  our  charts. 

As  we  were  now  becalmed,  the  fchooner  rowed  till  we  caft 
anchor  in  the  entrance  or  mouth,  the  water  being  20  fathoms, 
and  the  bottom  foft  mud.  At  this  time  we  were  not  more  than 
two  mufquet  fhots  from  the  land,  and  wifhed  to  lay  down  the 
interior  parts,  but  were  not  able  to  effe£l  this  for  want  of  wind. 
Wc  now  experienced  a  pleafant  temperature,  which  probably 
arofe  from  fome  large  volcanoes,  the  light  of  which  we  perceived 
during  the  night,  though  at  a  confiderable  diftante.  This  un- 
expected warmth  totally  reftored  the  health  of  our  crew '. 

As  we  thus  lay  at  anchor,  and  fomuch  to  our  Huisfadlion,  our 
Captain  gave  me  orders  (being  himfelf  indifpofed)  that  I  fhould 
land  with  fome  of  our  crew,  and  with  the  fame  precautions  as  at  • 
Los  Remed/'os.     He  alfo  directed  me  to  take   pofleflion  for  his 
Majeftyofthis  part  ofthecoaft,  and  name  it  Bucarelly «.     I  ac- 
cordingly obeyed  his  inftrudlions  in  all  particulars,  without  feeing 
a  fingle  Indian,  though  there  were  the  following  proofs  of  the 
country's    being  inhabited;    viz.    a   hut,    fome    paths,    and   a 
wooden  outhoufe ".     On  the   24th  we  went  a  fecond  time  on* 
Ihore,  and  provided  ourfelvcs  with  as  much  wood  and  water  as  we- 
wanted,.  *    v         . 

'  It  is  to  be  fuppofed  on  account  of  the  cold. 

»  It  muft  be  recollected,  that  they  were  now  Iheltered  from  the  wia4. 
as  well  as  warmed  by  the  Vulcanoes. 

*  Theri  Viceroy  of  Mexico.  '  v      '  ,/« 

"  Corral.  .    .  ,        ^  . 


^■ 


be 


We- 


"*<i^ 


■.«af '  I- 


"k.  'i 


mmr 


'.«^>iTi>i«jaaa*i 


1l 


4. 


I 


t- 


[     42     J 

Wemnaetuoobfcrv.U.ons  on  Mcrcnt  days,  and  found  oirr 
Lititudo  to  be  55.  1 7.  and  W.Long,  from  S.  Bias  32.  9. 

The  moutuains  near  this  port  or  inlet  arc  covered  vvitli  the  lame 
trees  as  tliofe  at  the  other  places,  where  we  had  landed,  hut  1  can 
fay  nothing  with  regard  to  the  iuiiabitants,  from  what  hath  been 

before  dated.  ,    .  ,  \      rr 

To  the  S.  wc  faw  a.i  idand  of  a  moderate  height,  nt  the  dil- 
tancc  of  fix  leagues,  which  we  named  S.  Carlos,  and  laded  on 
the  20th  with  a  gentle  breeze  at  N.  but  which  fell  calm  at  noon 
when  wc  were  oppolite  to  a  bare  idand,  which  fcarcely  appeared 
above  the  fea  ;  there  are  many  rocks  however,  both  to  the  E.  and 
W.  Here  we  anchored  in  22  fathoms,  and  about  two  leagues 
diftant  fVom  the  ifland  of  S.  Carlos.  .       ♦.-      i    ... 

In  this  f.tuation  we  cbfervcd  a  Cape,  which  wc  named  St. 
Auguftinc,  at  the  diftnncc  cf  four  or  five  leagues  ;  alter  which  the 
coaft  trended  to  the  E.  fo  much  that  we  loft  fight  ot  it.  We 
found  alfo  that  there  were  here  fuch  .violent  currents  in  oppofite 
direaions,  that  wc  could  not  found.  As-thefe  currents  role  and 
fell  with  the  tide,  it  fliould  feem  ^hat  this  inlet  hath  no  commu- 
nication  but  with  the  lea.  "  r  •,  -  _^  ] 

This  cape  S.  Auguftine  is  nearly  in  55  N.Lat.  and  u-c  having 
heard  that  in  a  former  voyage  D.  Juan  Perez  had  difcovered  an 
arm  of  the  fea  in  this  fame  parallel,  where  there  were  many  cur- 
rents  we  juftly  concluded  this  muft. be  the  fame,  though  fcveral 
feamen  who  were  in  that  voyage,  did  not  recoiled  either  the  cape 
or  mountains  in  the  neighbourhood,  but  this  probably  arofc  from 
theirnot  approaching  them  in  the  fame  direaion.  ,     .     ,. ' 

What  we  obferved  on  this  part  of  the  coaft  ftvongly  inclined 
us  to  have  a  more  perfea  knowledge  of  it;  the  wind  however  (it 
being  new  moon;  became  .variable,    and  fixed  at  laft   in  the 

s.  w.  •  \         ^ 


e 


-i 


.  jfc,j-_dfci-.,^- 


*".i.i|i(i*»*4*i.'*-  - 


[    43    ] 

We  concluded  that  it  would  thus  conthiuc  till  the  full",  which 
would  prevent  us  from  approaching  the  mouth  of  this  hay,  and 
confequcntly  make  it  impoffihlc  to  explore  the  fides  of  it.  We 
likewife  confidcred  that  we  were  now  in  fuch  a  latitude  that  we 
might  cafily  reach  60  degrees  if  the  wind  was  favourable^,  that 
moreover  we  were  provided  with  what  we  had  occafion  for,  that 
the  health  of  our  crews  was  rc-efl:abli(hed,  and  that  for  all  thefc 
reafons  it  would  be  better  to  attempt  reaching  the  highcfl:  Latitude 
we  could,  .  ,       -. ,  ^  ,     ♦ 

To  thefc  arguments  It  was  added,  thatwe  fliould  have  fewer  dif- 
ficulties in  this  trial  from  our  knowledge  of  the  coaft ;  and  this 
meafure  being  thus  refolvcd  upon,  the  two  (hips  divided  fome 
cloaths  *  (which  the.  Ichooner  had  on  board,  to  truck  with  the  In- 
dians at  Port  Trinity)  fo  that  our  people  feemcd  now  to  have  for- 
gotten all  their  fufferings.  We  accordingly  failed,  fleering  N.  W. 

On  the  28th  the  wind  was  variable,  obliging  us  to  approach 
the  coaft  at  55.  50.  when  it  Hxcdiu  the  evening  to  the  S.  W.  ac- 
cording to  our  wiflies. 

On  the  29th  and  30th  the  wind  was  S.  though  often  veering 
to  the  S.  W,  with  occafional  fqualls  and  tornadoes,  accom- 
panied by.  high  feas,  wliich  drove  us  on  the  coaft  in  56.  70.  from 
whence  we  clawed  off  with  the  land  breeze  and  tornadoes,  in 
which  difagreeahle  fituation  we.  continued  till  the  firft  of  Sep- 
tember. 

During  the  two  preceding  days  fix  of  our  crew  were  feized 
with  ftrong  fymptoms  of  the  fcurvy,  which  not  only  (hewed  > 

»  The  Spaniards,  during  this  voyage,  feem  to  have  paid  great  atten. 
tion  to  the  moon,  as  having  an  effedt  upon  the  wind. 

y  A  S.  W.  was  fo. 

*  This  additional  cloathing  was  probably  thought  neceflary,  as  the 
Ihips  were  now  to  fail  N.  whilft  the  winter  was  approaching. 

itfelf: 


r>W.i^-i  ■irtir--ii  ^mttrii»A, 


hviftt^tiMSk,  x^ii^li^ 


I' 


[     44-     ] 

itfdf  in  their  gums,  but  from  the  great  fwelllngs  on  their  legs 
they  had  loft  tlic  ufe  of  them.  From  this  calamity  we  could 
only  mufter  two  on  each  guard,  one  of  which  fte^red,  and  the 
other  handled  the  fails.  We  unfortunately  caught  this  terrible 
diftemper  from  the  feamen  of  the  frigate,  with  whom  we  had 
occafional  communication.  In  ^onfequence  of  this  diftrefs  we 
agreed  now  to  return,  making  as  muny  obfervations  as  we  could 
in  relation  to  the  lying  of  the  coaft.  *  '!,/,** 

At  the  beginning  of  September  thevvind  was  variable,  bt»t  oa 
the  6th  it  fixed  in  the  S.  W.  blowing  with  fuch  force  that  at  mid- 
niRht  we  were  obHged  to  take  in  all  our  fails,  and  turn^  the 
ihip's  head  to  the  S.  whilft  the  wind  and  fea  incrcalkl  in  fo 
much  that  at  two  in  the  morning  of  the  7th  neither  veflol  could 
refift  its  violence,  though  we  each  endeavoured  to  keep  where 
we  were,  on  account  of  the  coaft  being  at  fo  fmall  a  diftance.     • 

Whilft  we  were^thus  employed  a  fea  broke  hi,  which  damaged 
moft  ofourftores.  [The  particulars  of  other  damage  to  parts  ot 
the  fhip  here  'follows,  but  is  omitted  for  reafons  that  have  been 

before  mentioned.]  \     ,     ,       •    1        1 

On   this  fame  day  (viz.  7th  of  September),  both  wind  and 
fea  became  more  calm;  on  which  we  fteeicd  E.  from  6  m  the 
evening  till  day-break  of  the  next  day,   when  the   wind  was 
favourable  from  the  N.  W.  and  ^^e  purfued  our  intentions  of 
falling  in   again  with  the  coaft,  in  Lat,  s5'  ^"^^"^g  ourfelves, 
fince  the  ftorm,  with  only  one  feaman  who  could  ftand  to  the 
helm,  whilft  the  captain  or  myfelf  managed  the  fajls.     '•      -  ^  •  " 
The  wind  continuing  i^vourable,  our  captain  endeavoured  to 
cheer  thofe  who  were  fick,  but  we  coUld  only  prevail  upon  two 
of  them  who  were  recovering  to  affift  us  during  the  day  ;  as  for 
-the  mafter's  mate,  we  conceived  that  he  would  xlie.    ^ 

On 


1 


On 


[     45     ] 

On  the  Titli  we  fiiw  land,  at  the  diflance  of  eight  or  nine 
'leagues,  and  in  Lat.  53.  54.  but  as  we  wlfhed  not  to  approach  fo 
near  as  not  to  be  able  to  leave  it,  on  account  of  our  having  fo  few 
hands  capable  of  working,  we  kept  at  a  proper  diftance,  only 
having  a  view  of  it  from  daj  to  day,  and  not  examining  its  capes, 
bays,  and  ports.  '    '  ' '*  '>' •     >■■        ■ 

'"-'■  In  Lat.  49.  however  we  endeavoured  to  draw  nearer  to  the 
•land,  both  becaufe  we  wereperfuaded  that  the  wind  would  con- 
tinue favourable,  and  that  fome  of  the  convalefcents  might  now 
begin  to  affift  us  ;  fo  that  in  Lat.  47  3.  we  were  not  farther  dif- 
<tant  than  a  mile,  when  we  attended  to  all  proper  particulars  •,  as 
Hbeforc.       t 'v^f  ,fv'^r    . ';:.Hy  j,«:„j  ji;  i  ^,.i.>t -im  }:i^  t  Ik  '^^ 

^  "On  the  20th,  at  eight  iia  the  morning,  we  were  within  half  a 
league,  precifely  in  the  fame  fituation  as  on  the  13th  of  July ;  we 
found  however  1 7  leagues  difference  with  regard  to   our  Lon- 

•gitlide.  =  :<*  **r"*M«-'y|^^s#svi?'  ,r-  .i,,;-,^.-'    J,:;---'/ i.:;,^j:>?-i,.rA#  i 

On  the  21  ft,  being  ftill  nearer  the  coaft,  the  wind  blew  from 
the  S.  &  S.  W.  which,  though  moderate^  obliged  us  to  fail  from 
the  land.  *-«-^ ,,  • 

On  the  2 2d  t^e  wind  was  N.  W.  but  as  both  the  captain  and 
inyfelf  were  ill  of  a  fever,  the  ftiip  fteer'd  for  the  port  of  xMon* 
terey.  This  our  ficknefs  made  the  '•eft  of  the  crew  almoft  de- 
fpair  ;  for  which  reafon  the  captain  and  myfelf  fljewed  ourfelves 
upon  the  deck  as  often  as  we  could,  in  which  cftbrts  the  Almighty 
afliftedus.  '      'i*  •  f     .  .1    ..  :  .i--,^  i-,:.-,ri. 

On  the  24th,  finding  ourfelves  fomewhat  better,  we  dlf- 
covered  the  land  in  45.  27.  failing  along  the  coaft  at  about 
the  diftance  of  a  cannon's  fhot ;  and  as  we  therefore  could  dis- 
tinctly fee  every  confiderable  objeft,  we  lay  to  during  the  night, 

^5  ,V         •  That  is   for  laying  the  coaft  down  in  their  charts. 

G.  .  hoping 


i. -Ji  -fi^ '.*W(^     I'l    II  tii'iiMiijijiiiinii  II 


Mittfiibi-  iT^ifcafri4«fc 


^Jt^M^i^/a^M^:,^ 


*-*iAi»Mt.^^^.kmiAi-it^\ni>H  11';  m^u 


-M^r 


H^n>«^«»«CMJiilAilif^ 


h 


,i 


*i. 


( 

1 


[  46  ] 

hopinR  thus  to  find  the  river  of  Martin  AqulUr,  and  continued 
this  fcarch  till  we  were  In  Lat.^S-  50-  wh''"  "'=  d.ftmgu.fljed  a 
capeexaaiy  refembling  a  round  table,  with  fom.  red  gulUes  , 
from  which  the  coaft  trends  to  the  S.  W.     From  th.s  part  r.le 
,en  fmall  iflands,  and  fome  others  which  are  fcarcely  abwe  the 
fea  ;  the  Latitude  of  this  Cape  hath  before  been  mentioned    and 
its  Longitude  is  zo.  4.  W.  from  S.  Bias.  As  we  therefore  could  fee 
nothing  of  Martin  de  Aquilar's  River  in  this  fecond  trml,  we  con- 
clude that  it  Is  not  to  be  found,  for  we  muft  have  d,fcovered  it, 
if  any  fuch  river  was  on  this  part  of  the  coaft.       •      -    ,  _ 

It  is  faid  indeed  that  AquUar  obferved  the  mouth  of  this  rive, 
in  sv,  but  the  inftruments  of  thofe  times'  were  very  imperfea. 
Allowing  the  error  however  to  have  been  in  making  the  latitude 
too  high,  and  that  therefore  we  might  have  found  it  m  4*  or 
lower  r  yet  this  we  can  fcarcely  conceive  to  be  the  truth,  as  we 
examined  all  that  part  of  the  coaft,  except  about  fifty  minutes  of 

After  this  lad  return  to  the  coaft,  we  endeavoured  to  make 
for  the  portofS.Francifco.  which  having  difcovered  in  38. 1 8. 
we  entered  a  bay  which  is  fufficiently  (heltered  from  the  N.  and 
S  W  Wc  I'oon  afterwards  diftinguiOied  the  mouth  of  a  con- 
•  liderable  river,  and  fome  way  up  a  large  port  exadly  refembhng 
a  dock-;  we  therefore  conceded  this  to  be  the  harbour  of 
S.  Francifco  (which  we  were  in  fearch  of),  as  theHiftory  of  Cali- 
fornia places  it  in  38.  4.  ^  ,^  .      ' 


•its 


'  ThTs^irihted  before,  when  the  jiv^r  vm  looked  out  for  in  that 

latitvide.  ,^       ,-  ;,-,^,,  V  ^ ..       .  ■>,/<  j 

«»  Viz.  in  1603.  -  -• 

'^'S"'-  :i  -     We 


I  -■ 


I 


^'EJ«L 


,..i>.A*i»*>ii«'r''rt"*«*- 


[    47    } 

We  wilhed,  on  thrs  account,  to  enter  this  port,  which  wc 
ftiould  have  eafily  accompliflied,  if  the  fea  had  not  run  very 
high.  We  began  however  to  doubt  whether  this  was  really  the 
liarbour  of  S.  Francifco,  becaufe  we  did  not  fee  any  inhabitants, 
nor  the  fmall  iflands  which  are  faid  to  be  oppo(!te.  In  this  ftate 
of  fufpenfe  we  caft  anchor  near  one  of  the  points  which  we  called 
fl'if -^/-^/y^?/,  in  fix  fathoms  and  a  clay  bottom.  ' 

A  vaft  number  of  Indians  now  prefented  themfelves  on  both 
points  f,  who  pafled  from  one  to  the  other  in  fmall  canoes  made 
of  Fule^t  where  they  talked  loudly  for  two  hours  or  more,  till  at 
laft  two  of  them  came  along  fide  of  the  (hip,  and  moft  liberally 
prefented  us  with  plumes  of  feathers,  rofaries  of  bone,  garments 
of  feathers,  as  alfo  garlands  of  the  fame  materials,  which  they 
wore  round  their  head,  and  a  canifter  of  feeds,  which  tafted 
much  like  walnuts.  Our  captain  gave  them  in  return  bugles, 
looking  glafles'',  and  peices  of  cloth.  >  v     ^  '  -  ' 

'h-fe  Indians  are  large  and  ftrong,  their  colour  being  the 
f  *  .5  that  of  the  whole  territory';  their  difpofitidn  is  moft 
liberal,  as  they  feemed  to  exped  no  recompenfe  for  what  they 
had  furnlihed  us  with  :  a  circumftance  which  we  had  not  expe- 
rienced in  thole  to  the  Northward.     ^>     .^    ■.     ,*,        ^«',         ♦ 

We  were  not  able  to  found  the  interior  parts  of  this  port,  on 
account  of  our  4ick,  who  were  to  be  as  foon  as  pofTible  landed 
in  a  place  of  fafety,  in  order  that  they  might  have  the  better 
chance  of  reccerlug.  '  ,  , 

*■  Sc.  Thofe  juft  now  named  by  thejournalifl  de  Arenas,         • 

s  Some  fort  of  wood,  and  probably  well  known  in  the  province  of 

Mexico. 

^  In  the   former  intercourfe  with  the  more  Northern  Indians  the 

Spaniards  never  produced  this  article  of  barter,   which  letius  to  have 

been  ill-judged  osconomy.     They  were  now  returning  however,  and  mull 

have  thrown  away  thefe  trifles  at  S.  Bias. 

i  It  is  not  very  clear  whether  the  Journalifl:  means  by  this  of  Mexico, 

or  the  whole  N.  Wcllcrn  continent  of  America. 

^  i,  Whilft 


N 


••~«^sui4«dlh>iw>MM»»^|^ 


i^ii-iiii  rr  fi»;u»ah.g^'<fc& 


>l»'Wi«»#WT»iftn  KnJBaMtfc-a  J  -I'lW^  -fc^S^^fe  fc.... 


i 


I 

I- 


[    48    I 

WliUft  we  were  m  this  port  (which  we  did  not  conceive  to 
be  that  of  S.  Francifco)  we  had  no  further  intercourfe  with  the 
inhabitants,  and  we  prepared  to  clear  the  point  de  las  Jvenas,  m 
order  that,  with  aN.W.  wind,  the  next  day  we  ^^IS^t./^^^h 
Ids  difficuhy,  leave  this  part  of  the  coaft.  Having  effefted  this, 
we  caft  anchor  in  fix  fathoms,  the  bottom  being  a  clay. 

This  port,  which  we  named  de  !aBociega\  is  fituated  m  38.  id 
N.  Lat.  and  1 8.  4  W.  Long,  from  S.  Bias.  _ 

•  On  the  4th  of  Oaober,  at  two  in  the  morning,  on  the  hrlt 
flowof  the  tide,  in  a  contrary  dlreftion  to  that  of  the  currents, 
the  fea  ran  fo  high  that  our  whole  (hip  was  entirely  covered  by 
it,  at  the  fame  time  that  the  boat  on  the  fide  of  her  was  broken 

into  (hivers.  ,  .u    r  *k:„ 

There  is  not  fufficient  depth  of  anchorage  at  the  mouth  of  thia 
port,  for  a  veflel  to  refill  this  violence  of  furge,  when  it  is  occa- 
fioned  by  the  caufes  before-mentioned. 

If  we  had  been  apprized  of  this  circumftance,  wefliouldhave 
either  continued  where  we  were  firft  at  anchor,  or  otherwife  failed 
further  from  the  mouth  of  the  harbour. 

In  all  parts  of  this  port,  which  we  had  an  opportunity  of  found- 
in.,  the  bottom  is  nearly  of  the  flime  depths  The  entrance  is 
very  eafy  with  the  prevailing  wind  of  N.  W.  but  in  leaving  it, 
it  the  wind  blows  from  the  fame  quarter,  it  is  neceffary  to  get 
further  out  to  fea  from  the  Poh,ts '.  If  the  wind  blows  from  the 
S.  \V.   E.  or  S.  it  is  not  neceflary  to  take  this  precaution «" 


I  -;,? 


i  The  Captain  of  the  Schooner.     The  Latitude  of  this  harbour  coin-  , 
cides  nelly  wich  that  difcovcred  by  Sir  Francis  Drake  ;  but  the  Spaniards 
would  fcarccly  infcrt  this  brave  heretic  in  their  Calendar.     ^ 

J'  A  draft  was  made  of  this  harbour.  ,  ^j  ,^i  v ,       *.. 

1  Sc.  de  las  Arenas.  '^ '  .  _„i  ^.t,^^        - '•  ' 

-  Bccaulc  then  the  wind  and  currents  do  not  oppofc  each  other.    . 

,  •     '       .      .    -•    -  -Wc   ^ 


,-4si<t--«.*— 


r  49  ] 

Wc  obferved,  that  the  tides  in  this  Latitude  are  regular,  as  in 
Europe,  it  being  high  water  at  noon,  when  the  moon  is  new.   ■'- 
••  The  mountains  near  this  port  arc  entirely  naked  in  every  part 
of  them"  ;  but  we  obferved  that  thole  more  inland  were  covered 
with  trees..     '  ■         '     >:-,.    ■  ;'/,  -  ^  :      . 

■  The  plains  near  the  fea-coaft  had  a  good  verdure,  and  fcemed 
to  invite  cultivation.  .'..c,-' 

About  eight  in  the  morning  of  the  4th  of  October  the  fea 
became  more  calm,  on  which  the  Indians  came  round  us  as 
before,  in  their  canoesi  offering  us  the  i'avm  prefers;  which.had 
the  fame  return*  '*-;^"      ^m  :  -f^:   tiiHt    • 

-  At  nine  we  fet  faili  and  having  doubled  the  point  de/  Cordon  ° 
we  fleered  S.  S.W..  the  wind  being  moderate,  and  at  W.  in  order 
to  reach  a  Cape^  which  appeared  to  the  S.  at  the  diflance  of  about 
five  leagues.  •  ;*^ii  ¥'-^  ■..  i'    ■ 

On  the  fifth  we  failed  near  thofe  fmalliflands  which  the  charts 
and  hiftory  of  California  place  at  the  entrance  of  the  harbour  of 
Si  Francifco  ;  but  as  we  wers  very  clear  that  the  harbour  which 
we  had  jufl  left,,  was  not  that  thus  called,  we  continuetl  to  fieer 
N.  E.  (and  between  fome  of  thele  iflands)  in  order  to  reach  the 
Cape  before  mentioned  i.  when  we  intended,  to  approach  thecoaft, 
and  look  out  for  the  port  of  S. Francifco.  ^  •       .  r.     ,.,   ,    * 

At  noon  on  this  fame  day  we  had  an  obfe.vationi  and  found' 
thefe  iflands  to  b^  in  37.  55.  N.  Lat.  lying  to  the  S.„W.  of  the 
Cape  at  the  diflance  of  three  leagues.  .  .  r . .  ,1 

Asfoon  as  we  reached  the  Cape  we  ran  along- the  coafl  which 
ky  to  the  E.  and  N.  E.  about  the  diftance  of  a  cannon's  (hot ;  ^ 
and  by  fix  in  the  evening  we  w>^re  not,  above  two  miles  diftaiit 


.V*. 


"  This  probably  arifes  from  tlwir  being  expofed.to  the  N.  W.  which  is- 
the  prevailing  wind. 

«  This  point  undoubtedly  is  marked  in  the  Spaniih.  Chart..  * 

from 


ii>rfni  .^^Hiia^amMmMnd'A^.^i^.^i^^M.iKaM.  i--J 


>--;i^smrr.: 


PJ 


[  50  ] 

from  the  mouth  of  the  harbour  of  St.  Francis ;  but  having  no 
boatP,  or  other  convenience  for  this  purppfe,  we  rcfolved  ta 
ftand  for  Monterey,  and  double  another  Cape,  which  projeaed 
ftill  further  fVom  the  coaft  ^.  ■  ,  ^  _^  ^  y  -  --'^  ^^-^^  •  ^- 
At  ten  at  night  it  fell  calm ;  which  continued  till  the  6tli  at 
noon,    when  the  wind  was  moderate  at  W.    and  we  (leered 

'  By  eight  at  night  the  wind  fre(hencd  from  the  N.  W.  with 

iqualls  and  mifts.  '  ^  .  '  ."    '^, '^ 

On  the  yth,  at  eight  in  the  morning,  we  conceived  ourfelves 
to  be  in  the  latitude  of  Monterey,  which  we  endeavoured  there, 
fore  to  keep  in,  though  the  weather  was  fo  mifty,  that  we  could 

not  (be  half  a  league.         ■     •-      f;  ^'-V^ffl'a^ 

At  three  in  the  evening  we  difcovered  the  coaft  to  the  S.  W. 
nt  the  diftance  of  a  mile ;  and  finding  that  we  now  entered  a  bay. 
we  foon  afterwards  difcovered  the  S.  Carlos  at  anchor,  and 
therefore  knew  that  we  were  now  in  the  port  of  Monterey.  On 
this  we  fired  fome  cannon,  and  bo*ts  immediately  came  out  to 
us,  by  whofe  alUftance  we  anchored  in  three  fathoms,  the  bottom 

'llu  ;:' is(ituatedin  36  44-  RLat.^  x;  W^f  S.  Bias. 
'  On  the  8th  we  landed  our  fick.  and  amongft  the  reft  our 
captain  and  myfelf,  who  had  fuffered  more  from  the  fcurvy  than 
any  of  them.     Not  one  of  the  whole  crew  mdeed  was  free  from 
this  complaint.  ;.^»,^<,^   rm- -^  v-r  t?  ^1  " 

We  immediately  experienced  the  kind  offices. of  the  Fathers 
cftabUa^ed  at  this  miffion,  who  procured  for  us  all  the  refrefh- 
ments  they  were  able,  with  the  moft  perfed  chanty.    In  truth. 


p  It  having  been  demoli(hed  by  a  heavy  fea  not  long  before. 
1  That  is,  than  the  before-meiitioned  Cape. 


im 


f  ^I  r^jiy-ataiMW.— -■* 


,Mfc        •^ 


t  ■    • 

wc  could  not  poffibly  have  fo  foon  recovered  fiom  our  diftrcflOd 
iituation,  but  by  their  unparalleled  attentions  to  our  infirmities, 
which  they  removed  by  reducing  themfelves  to  a  moft  pitiful 
allowance.  -         #  **  .     , 

Don  Fernando  de  Rivuera,  who  commanded  at  this  port,  was 
equally  kind,  in  fupj^ying  our  wants,  fo  that  in  about  a  month 
we  were  pronounced  to  be  fo  much  better  in  point  of  health, 
that  we  determined  to  return  to  S.  Bias.  ..  ,    :  h. 

We  failed  therefore  from  Monterey  on  the  ift  of  N  ember, 
and  D.  Bruno  Heceta  fupplied  us  with  fbme  hands  .from  tho 
Frigate,  the  crew  of  which  had  not  fufFered  fo  much  from  the 
fcurvy  as  that  of  the  fchooner.  At  the  diftance  however  of  two 
leagues  it  fell  calm  fo  that  we  continued  in  fight  of  the  port  till 
the  4th,  the  wind  beftig  at  S.  &  S.  W. 

On  the  4th  at  noon  the  wind  was  favourable  from  the  N.  W. 
aud  we  continued  fleering  S.  till  the  13th  when  we  approached 
the  coaft  of  California  In  24.  15.  N.  Lat^  and  kept  along  it  till 
Cape  St.  Lucas,  which  we  left  at  fix  in  the  evening  on   the 

We  fuppofe  this  Cape  to  be  in  N.  Lat.  22.  49.  &  W.Long, 
from  S.  Bias  5.0, 

On  the  1 6th  we  faw  the  Iflands  of  Maria,  aiid  on  the  aotb 
in  the  evening  we  caft  anchor  in  the  port  of  S.  Bias. 

Thus  ended  our  voyage  of  difcovery ;  and  I  truft  that  the 
fatigues  and  diftrefles  which  we  fuffered  will  redouivd  to  the  ad- 
vantage and  honour  of  our  invincible  Sovereign,,  whom  may 
Gon  always  keep  under  his  holy  protedion  I 

•  Francisco  Antonio  Maurelle^ 


Obfer^ 


».i*>;i— -siftJi.^ 


■nm.jtt inj<'ii-.^-y>«  ^  h^i If  i^ ■>----   "  'irrfitnfrTi 


irmm  1 1  -1  ^i  ■  JMi^ia  Aiii\mb'  x. 


:t 


*  *^  I     '"T      t\\   »i  ■ii''iM>ii' 


S- 


J 


I  rfiif  n  I 


i»j>Miiih#ii4rrti«fli  *    11^ 


J 


[    5^    T 


Obfervations  of  the  Jounullft  D.  A^  T  o  N  i  o  TVl  A  u  r  e  lx  E.; 
arifing  from  what  happened  duruig  the  courfe  ot  the  voyage, 
with  regard  to  the  beft  method  of  making  Difcovcnci,  on  the 
W.  coaft  of  America,  to  the  Northward  of  California.      ., 

«  IT  may  be' objefted,  at  the  outfet  of  thcfe  Obfervations,  that 
the  experience  arifing  from  a  fingle  voyage  in  thofc  feas  is  not 
fufficient  tQ  form  any  folid  advice  on  this  head,  which  may  be 
thoroughly  depended  upon.  To  this  I  anfwer.  that  our  conti- 
nuance  on  this  coaft  was  for  morethan  eight  months,  und  there- 
fore  muft  have  afForded  us  fufficient  grounds  on  which  to  build 
reafonable  prefumptions,  though  I  cannot  prefume  to  offer  them 
to  future  navigators  in  any  ftronger  light. 

There  is  no  occafion  to  give  tiny  direaions  about  the  paflage 
from  S.  Bias  to  Monterey,  fmce  this  courfe  hath  been  fo  fre- 
quently failed  after  the  eftablifhment  at  the  latter,  and  the  bcft 
method  of  making  this  navigation  is  thereforefo  Well  known 

Suffice  it  then  to  fay,  that  the  fliort  paffage  to  windward,  as 
far  as  the  idands  of  Maria,  is  neccffary,  on  account  of  the  cur- 
rents, which  would  otheiwife  foon  carry  a  ihip  in  fight  of  Cape 
St.  Lucas,    where  probably  the  voyage  would  be   retarded  by 

Some 'ari  of  c^nici,  Sat  you  fiiould  not  {^11  Northward  till 
you  are  confiderably  to  the  Windward  of  thefe  i<lands ;  but  I  do 
not  fee  the  ufe  of  this  lofs  of  time,  and  think  that  it  is  fufficient 
juft  to  get  to  the  W.  of  them,  and  then  fteer  Northerly  on  the 
very  day  you  reach  the  parallel  of  the  Marias. 

In  order  to  effeft  fuch  voyage  of  difcovery,  it  is  neccffary  to 
cain  as  much  W.  Longitude  as  the  winds  will  permit,  which 
°  blow 


[ 


] 


hlow  from  the  N.  W.  to  the  N.  as  far  as  i  c  tlcnccs  W  \  and 
which  only  permit  a  coiirlc  to  the  VV.  K.  \V.  E.  or  E.  S.  E. 
whilft  often  fuch  trade  wind  extencib  (Hll  further  to  the  \V. 
Notwitliftanding  this  circu.mftance  tlic  Ihip  fliouUl  never  lie  to, 
much  lefs  ftecr  Eaftward,  as  thus  the  voyage  would  be  much  lo- 
tarded. 

From  thefe  15  degrees  of  Wcfting,  to  30  In  tlic  fame  direc- 
tion, the  wind  Is  generally  from  N.  E.  to  N.  which  will  permit 
a  N.  W.  courfc.  It  may  perhaps  be  advlfablc  even  to  get  a 
Wefling  as  far  as  35  degrees,  if  the  obje61:  of  the  voyage  Is  to 
reach  ^5.  60.  or  even  6^  ^  of  Northern  Latitude,  bccaufe  the 
greater  the  Wefting,  the  greater  Is  the  certainty  of  S.  &  S.  VV. 
winds,  which  will  be  fo  favourable  to  fuch  a  deftination. 

If  when  this  Wefting  hath  been  gained,  the  winds  (hould  prove 
variable,  I  (hould  ftill  advife  a  N.  E.  courfe^  Under  tjie  fup- 
pofitlon  that  the  difcoverer  wants  to  fall  In  with  the  coaft  of 
America,  in  55  N.  Lat.  he  (hould  keep  between  35  &  57  W. 
Long,  till  he  reaches  that  Latitude.  If,  on  the  contrary,  he 
wants  to  explore  the  fame  coafl:  in  N.  Lat.  60.  I  (hould  then 
advife  a  N.  W.  coui-fe  to  be  purfued  till  he  hath  gained  a  Weft- 
ing  of  39  degrees.  If  the  navigator  wl(hes  to  make  difcoverlcs 
even  fo  high  as  65  N.  Lat.  I  conceive  that  he  (hould  then  have 
a  wefling  of  45  degrees,  when  he  hath  gained  this  parallel. 

With  thcfc  precautions  I  Imagine  that  the  perfevering  navigator 
would  accomplifli  the  height  of  his  wifhcs.  ' 


1.  e. 


probably  from  S.  Bias. 


^  It  appears  by  the  Journal,  that  they  were  inllrufted  to  proceed 
thus  far  N.  if  pnflible,  which  idea  was  probably  taken  from  Ellis's  Pre- 
face to  the  N.W.  Paflage,  many  c.xtrads  from  which  are  made  by 
Vcncgas,  in  his  Hiftory  of  California,  and  particularly  what  relates  to  this 
fuj)pofcd  Latitude  of  65. 

"  en  cl  primer  quadrant e^  as  I  conceive  the  Spaniards  make  the  N.  E. 
the  firft  quarter ;  the  S.  E.  the  fecond  j  the  S.  W.  the  third ;  and  the 
N.W.  the  fourth. 

H  As 


'  i 


T* 


'» 


«. 


>-;^>«. .,  .Till  itilit  ..^Jim/Mj.  ■ . 


*>*■»  til  i-i  JiikfatoMiAit. 


■  iiiiti  r*  r  wm'^m^em^-r^^ 


1.1 


[     5-v    ] 

As  nccUlents  however  will  bnprct.  In  all  voy.gcs    which  may 

AS  accuic  u.  lat  tiKC,  1  wouhl  then 

.V.ve.he  fl„P  >.r".. ;-    ';      .  ■  ;t      t  far  L  .00  leagues 

,      „U  mean.  n,K,       o^-      V    ^_^^^^.J;^^,  ,,^^_^  ^,  ^^^.^^^^  , ^, 

the.  J  a.V.rc  faUing  f7pf^^„«^;\  ^ fj'  .^  Efa'. 

'i;er  r«o  c  l,y  thtt  fine  air '  If  indifpofed ;  bdldes,  that  u,  th.s 
rXl  here  wLld  he  no  occafion  to  lofe  tune  .n  procuring  a 
lamuuc  Lii  ^  frUf.  winds  are  very  variable, 

'"f '  Y:;'ri;rd.a:t  knowing  the  weather,  which 
It  need  be  '"'"'y;      '  j^  „f  ,„„ch  importance  to  nav.- 

c„.mon  y  P«va  U      thdb  fc  ^ ,.      ^^  ^_^^,^^^  ^,^^^  ^^^  .^^ 

S  ild  he  paid  to  the  appearances  In  the  horl.on  whrch 

a  The  per.  of  /«  '^"'■'f'^^Zl:^^  wti?, t 'o?  S  1 1 
„.hcre  ,hc  crew  «-°7'^^2/;^7XuS     S.  Bias,  being  in  N.  Lat 

S  ;U"SmS,  ZlaT  .„  sJ  perJps  at  Midfu»n,er.    ^^^^^^^_^ 


i 


[     55     ] 

rluTatcn  a  ftorm.  Thcfc  however  arc  not  nnieli  to  he  .ippiv- 
IkikIccI  till  N.  Lat.  40.  as  lictwccti  S.  Hlas  and  that  paiviild,  lucli 
lowering  clouds  either  difpcrlc  tlicnildvco  very  loon,  or  lall  in 
rain,  which  lulls  the  fea. 

From  40  to  50  degrees  N.  (kippofing  the  Ihip  to  have  gained 
a  Wefting  of  200  leagues  from  the  American  coaft,)  thel'c  ap- 
pearances are  more  to  be  watched,  as  in  thcfc  huitudes  the 
S.  wind  blows  frefh,  tliougii  pretty  conftant. 

It  is  to  be  obfcrvcd  alio,  that  the  S.  W.  in  thcfc  parallels  1  i 
fometimes  ftronger  tlian  the  S.  for  which  reafon  I  would  advifii 
not  to  carry  much  fail. 

This  laft  precaution  Is  ftlU  more  neccflary  in  higher  latitudes 
than  50,  fince  the  S.  W.  often  blows  lb  violently  that  it  is  pru- 
dent to  He  to,  as  thefe  fqualls  do  not  laft  for  any  time. 

I  alfo  particularly  advife  the  navigator  to  guard  agalnft  the 
efFeds  of  winds  from  the  E.  which  fometimes  are  violent  in  tlicfc 
latitudes  ;  not  but  that  fometimes  W.  winds  arc  equally  bluftcr- 

ing,    yet  they  nre  not   fo   common,    nor    ln0    {b  long.      It    fliould 

alfo  be  noticed,  that  the  higher  the  latitude,  the  more  fuch  wea- 
ther is  to  be  apprehended.  * 

When  the  coaft  of  America  is  verv  near,  there  is  no  rcpiilar 
wind  but  the  N.  W.  and  tliis  holds  to  the  Southward  from  54 
N.  Lat.  it  f^)mctlmcs  blows  indeed  frefli  from  this  quarter,  but 
tliere  is  no  objcdion  to  this,  when  the  fhip  Is  on  its  return  % 

The  fea  from  S  Bias  to  40  degrees  N.  Lat.  runs  commonly 
high,  when  the  wind  is  at  N.  W.  or  N.  but  as  it  does  not  often 
blow  wltii  violence  from  this  quarter,  thefc   feas  arc  generally 

'  It  mufl:  be  remembered,  that  for  this  reafon  the  JournalKl  atlvifcs 
the  n..vigr.tor  wI;o  wants  to  reach  a  high  N.  Latitude,  to  gain  fo  hirgc  a 
\\\ilin<i  iVom  tlic  co.ill  of  America. 


H  2 


navl;v,iu]c. 


1* 


iifiH^mfi 


■^<^i'VTf"r>'  TT^i'J!!*,*  ll"ifi" 


'  HXf'lT-ll 1 


.   ...A.i.       ,  r  ■-4:..^,-!^.'f.|^,..yjjl[ 


• 


[    5M       • 

„,vin„l,lc.  !-om  T.nt.  40  to  50  (when  ne»r  t1.e  coaft)  the  fca 
of,.„  runs  (llil  l.lglK-r,  meeting  tl,o  tide  from  the  ftoar,  hut  I  do 
„„t  m,.an  to  raife  too  gre.t  appra.eniions  on  this  aecount. 

At  the  clift;«.ce  however  of  100  Icngues  from  the  coaft  the  feas 
are  often  ftill  heavier :  fo  that  1  would  advifc  lyu.g  to.  .f  the 
wind  ii  not  favourahlc.  . 

iMon,  50  .legrees  upwards  the  feas  r.fc  proport,onahb^  w. 
the  winds,  particuhuly  if  they  hlow  from  the  S.  or  S.  W  .  but 
foon  become  calm  when  the  weather  clears. 

rnere  follow  fome  ohfervatlons.  with  regard  to  the  efTea  of 
the  moon  upon  the  weather,  which  1  (hall  not  trandate,  as  the 
inHuence  of  this  planet  in  fuch  refpeft  feems  now  to  be  much 

exploded.]  •  :,  .; 

'    As  approaches  to  the  coaft  ought  always  to  put  the  navigator 
on  his  guard,  he  may  depend  upon  the  following  f.gns  for  rt,  not 

beinir  for  diftant.  t      r^     ^    /• 

When  the  coaft  Is  about  80  or  90  leagues  to  the  E.  thofe 
fea- plants  appear  which  I  have  before  called  Orange  heads;  but  I 
muft  now  add,  that  from  the  ftate  of  them  as  they  float,  one 
may  fomctimes  i.ifer,  that  the  land  is  not  fo  far  d.ftant. 

Its  nsure  much  refembles  the  fiftular  flalk  of  garhek-  ;  and 
from  the  top  of  its  head  hang  fome  long  leaves,  by  wh.ch  the 
,,,.„t  is  fixed  to  the  rocks.  Now  if  thefe  leaves  are  tolerably 
pcrfefl,  they  aftbrd  a  ftrong  prefumption,  that  they  have  not 
floated  far  from  the  coaft.  On  the  corrtrary,  thofe  wh.ch  have 
been  wafted  to  a  conf.derable  diftance,  have  generally  loft  th.s 
head,  and  the  ftalk  becomes  more  rough,  when  you  may  fup- 
pofe  that  you  are  50  leagues  from  the  land. 

.  The  nppcarancc  of  this  plant  on  the  coaft  of  California,  is  noticed  in 
Lord  Anion's  Voyage.  •  .     ■  At 


[    57     ] 

At  the  fame  (liriaiicc  the  ica  hcgiir^  to  nuilcite,  l.y  Its  colour, 
that  you  are  in  fouiKhiigs,  but  this  rircuinilance  rujuires  fomc 
attention  and  haUit ;  when  you  arc  not  more  than  30  or  40 
leagues  from  the  coaft,  this  ap})carance  is  much  more  diftin- 
guilhabh",  though  if  you  was  to  caft  anclior  you  wouKl  not  find 
any  bottom.  In  this  fame  fituation  you  will  likcwife  perceive 
birds,  fea-wolvcs  ^  otters,  and  whales,  together  with  the  plant 
Zacatc  del  Mar  before-mentioned,  which  hath  long  and  narrow 
leaves.  When  thefe  circumftanccs  areobfcrved,  you  may  depend 
upon  feeing  land  the  famo  day,  or  that  following.  " ' 

At  the  fame  time  you  will  perceive,  that  the  fea  is  of  an  iron 
colour,  and  looks  as  if  it  had  fmall  boais,  v  ith  ffds  upon  the 
furface*,  whilft  birds  refembling  lories,  with  a  red  h^ad,  bill,  and 
legs,  fly  around  ;  their  l)0('y  is  black. 

As  concealed  fhoals  are  often  fo  dangerous  to  tliC  navl)  ;tor,  i 
think  I  may  pronounce  you  may  fail  in  perfed  Hifety  if  iic  dif- 
tance  of  a  league  from  the  moft  fufpicious  part'^  of  tiiis  whole 
coaft. 

If  the  difcoverer  fliould  firft  put  into  port  in  N.L.  5^.  17.  he 
will  find  an  inlet  *",  which  hath  good  foundings  in  all  parts  of  it 
towards  the  N.  and  perhaps  the  beft  point'  of  the  whole  coaft,  if 
the  fhip  keeps  at  the  diftance  of  three  leagues  fror :  Jt. 

'  Lobes  Marines,  perhaps  Seals.  :- 

8  Unas  aguas  malas  de  color  morado,  que  parcccii  unos  barquichuclos, 
con  belas  latinas.  ,  , 

•»  Una  entrada.        "  ...     .:    . 

'  /The  Journalift  docs  not  any  further '  -nlain  why  i>c^» 


*■* 


■    ,-'i: 


1775' 


m 


1 


I 


[  58  ] 


•    177  f. 

Day  of  the 
month 

March  I 


Latitude 
reckoning 


LatUode 

by  . 

obfervation 


W.  Long. 

from 

San  Bias 


Variation 
of  the 


•  r  .' 


20 

59 
2 

10 

I 

37 


Needle        America 


Dift.  from 
the  coaft  of 


4  30 


I 

-    »'■ 

2 
2 
I 
2 

3 

48 

73 

79 
86 

100 

104 


I* 


—mammrmt^^ 


iiiii'Bjinpnrf  iji"? 


^11 1'    iiiiiiiilTi'r  •'• 


.j.lim  ,1 1   f^'''- 


[     5-9    ] 


I  t 


»775'. 
■  Day  ot 

the  Month 
April  I 

2 

3 

4 

5 
6 

7 
8 

9 

10 

II 

12 

13 

14 

1'' 

;!■ 

19 

*i' 
21 


*2 


Latitude    | 

1 

V. 

reck 

oning 

18 

36 

18 

35' 

18 

56 

18 

36 

18 

25 

18 

2- 

n 

48 

17 

42 

17 

43 

17 

42 

17 

47 

17 

54 

17 

»7 
18 

19 
19 

20 

20 
20 
21 
21 
21 
21 

23 

23 

24 

24 

25 
26 


49 

55 
28 

6 

33 

42 

S3 

16 

24 

55 

31 

20 

8 

48 

25 
3 


Latitude 
obfervation 

18  33 
18  33 
18  48 


18 
18 


3^ 
15 


17  48 

^7  43 
17  42 

17  45 

^7  35 
17  48 

17  44 
17  44 

n  47 
18  20 

IQ  KO 
20  19 

20  ^1 


21  4 
21  21 

21  47 

22  32 
2  J  22 
24  14 

24  50 

25  17 

25  57 


VV.  Long, 
from 
San  Bias 


5 
5 
5 

6 
6 

7 
8 

9 
10 

1 1 


31 
48 

^^ 

37 
3it 
36 
28 

22| 

8 


12  42 

12  22| 

13  54 

14  39 

15  35 

16  24$ 

17  2^1 

18  i6| 

18  50I 

19  14 

20  47 

21  34i 

22  15 

23  13 

23  8 

24  13 

24  58 

25  32 

25  30 

26  22 


Variatinn 
of  the 

Needle 


5   13 


4^ 


OS      f  . 


Dift.  from 
ihecoaftof 
America. 

104 
107 
102 
108 
117 
132 
140 
148 

165 

166 

176' 

181 

J  86 
186 
190 

201 

209 
210 

211 

222 
232 
248 

259 
277 

284 

294 
300. 


^ 


■.  ;"S 


« 


J Si- 


[  <°  ] 


1775- 
Day  ot 
tlie  Month 


May 


I 

2 

3 

4 

5 
6 

7 
8 

9 
lo 

1,1 

12 
13 

"I 
I# 


Latitude 

by 
reckoning 


24 

25 
26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

-^  T 


26 
26 
26 
27 
28 


29 

30 
30 
30 

3^ 
32 
33 
33 

34 
34 
34 
34 
34 

36 

38 

37 
37 

31 
31 
31 
31 
.31 


29 

45 

39 
39 
3° 
9 
19 

18 
12 

13 

57 
29 

26 

46 

5^ 

49 
46 

42 

6 

42 

9 

48 

29 


Latitude 
obfervation 

26  31 

26  44 

26  50 

27  30 

28  ^y 


30  45 

32  10 

33  'S 

34  3 
34  35 
34  30 
34  54 
34  50 

34  49 

35  45 

36  45 

37  I 

37  46 

38  8 

37  46 
37  26 

II 


6 

10 
48 

47 
59 


W.  Long, 
from 
San  B^as 

27  07 


I     Variation 
of  the 
Needle 


31 


31   25 
31   45 


27 
27 
28 
28 
29 
30 


19 

18 
12 

^5 
14 


32 

32 

3^ 

30 
30 

3< 

3^ 

32 
28 


30  54 

31  41 

32  15 

50 

45 

56 

50 
12 

6 

»7 
io 

42 

27  46 

28  41 

29  33 
29  10 

29  3 

28  51 

29  12 

29  3 

28  i^i 

27  2i 
[26  35 


8 


■;,t ;. 


d.i 


10 


Dift.  from  " 
the  coafi  of 
America 


302 

3'=>3 

3'^3 
304 

295 
281 

284 

284 

291 

297 
294 
280 

261 

239 

231 

238 

240 

240 

220 

184 

167 

178 

185 

183 

184 

179 
186 

85 
174 
156 

145 


"1  III!    I   11  riiiilWiinto 


L 

J 

/.v"; 

Day  of  the 

Latitude 

Latitude 

W.Long.    /    Variation    1  Dift.from 

•'y. 

by 

from 

of  the 

the  coail  of 

month 

reckoning 

obfervation 

San  Bias 

Need'e 

America 

June  I 

]HV 

38    14 

26    12 

10 

128 

2 

39    3 

25    26 

12 

122 

1- 

39  46 

39  51 

24   38 

107 

40  J3 

^3  55 

13   30 

89 

41   II 

41  22 

22    58 

70 

41  41 

41  37 

21     15 

42 

i 

41  49 

41  30 

20    19 

14 

33 

49  59 

41  14 

13    13 

14   30 

4 

9 

41  25 

19      4 

10 

H 

, 

■  ti' 

'  ' 

'S 

*      '    .      ■ 

'4 

14     ^v. 

If 

41  17 

■     '     , 

16 

«* 

;^ 

r 

4'     7 
41     7 

19     4 

1 

.  t 

\^      V 

'9 

40  59 

19    21 

01 
12 

30 

40  53 

19    41 

H 

21 

40  59 

40     7 

20    56 

31 

22 

40  25 

40 

21    41 

48 

23 

40     2 

t   1 » 

23        « 

67.:: 

24 

39  45 

39  23 

24    7 

85;; 

•       25 

39  24 

39  20 

25  40 

'3 

26 

39  21 

39  21 

26  40 

""Z 

39  22 

26  30 

28 

39  51 

i 
i 

26  45 

"^  i. 

29 

33  43 

26  25 

i^7«c 

30 

40  26 

40  16 

26 

t  -,  -  < 

\  ■ 

i 

i 

.  •  .1 


:•  I      >t 


..  .^.,,1,,  ■■  uf  .  ^,..>.m'u.'im'S^[^^  :^"JW>M '  >iy.:jf";^;"^:-*  -^ M^^y-^l'^^WIU.^giity:^ 


"-,  f' 


jfc^^^JlSP  w 


\    <"i    ] 


uav  ot 
the  Month 


J^iy 


^ 


I 

2.: 


8 


I 

9 

lO 

1 1 

12 

13 
14 

15 
16 

>7 
18 

19 

20 

21. 

22 

23 
24 

25 
26 

27 

28 

29 


Latitude 

by. 

revjkoning 


41   2 

47  17 

43  25 

44  21 

44  27 
44  24 
^6  10 

46  59 

47  44 

47  45 

48  32 

48  I 

47  41 
47  24 

47  23 
47  20 

47  17 
47  3 
46  34 
46  18 
46  6 

45  50 
45  44 

45  5^ 

46  4 

46  34 

47  6 

47  45 

48  10 

47  21 
46  5S 


47  3 
47  37 

47  3S 

48  26 

47  28 

47  20 


47 

7 

47 

•3 

47 

9 

46  32 

46 

26 

46 

17 

45 

57 

45 

44 

45 

41 

45 

52 

46 

9 

46 

3^ 

47 

5 

47 

40 

47 

50 

47 

21 

25  47 
24  20 


23 

22 

21 
21 

21 
21 
22 

.12 


28i 
17 

53 
34 

19 

40 

3 

22 


Latitude 
by 

W.Long. 

from 

Variation 
of  the 

obfcrvatign 

S^nBlas 

Needle 

41      I 

26    14 

13 

42  J  5 

26    49 

14    . 

43  24 

26    50 

26  3oi 

.      ^ 

v..  ,•        ■      ■ 

• 

26  10 

15 

l\  ■  - 

25  47 

c 

26     6 

16 

Dtit.  from 
the  coad  of 

America 


•*:;;.; 


23  3^ 

24  28 

25  29 

27  5 

28  18 

29  24 

30  32 

29  59 
29  52 
29  »9 
29  41 

28  44 

29  32 

30  9 


t- 


»7 


17  30 
'7 

16* 

>5 


16* 


100 
90 
70 

47 
26 


10, 
6* 

?^ 
•  1 

i7i 

35 
50 
61 
82 
100 

lis 
124 

120 

199 

117 

103 

92 

102 

"7 


Jf'. 


.'*i!; 


.4Sfte!afi>fitnire,-»mii>y'-B 


^ .jpyMi'."A  '    ii-C..|^H»w?fpipffiwgiiiJii  iiii^|;.nff 


»  f . 


I    63    ] 


«775-. 

Latitude 

Latitude 

W.  Long. 

Variation 

Dift.  frnm 

Day  ot 
lie  Munth 

.^y. 

.>  . 

from 

of  the 

ihecoaftof 

reckoning 
46    34 

obfcrvifion 

San  Bias 

Ncetlle 

America 

Ig.    I 

30    56 

16 

'31 

2 

46  45 

46    40 

31    52 

141 

3    , 

46  40 

46  35 

32    46 

'■* 

157 

4 

46  29 

46    16 

33  39 

•^  r 

'5/ 

1 

46  47 

46   47 

34     5 

171 

47  49 

47  50 

34    6 

164 

I 

48  26 

48  24 

34  12 

, 

159 

8 

48  39 

34     7 

17* 

156 

9 

49  II 

49     9 

34     7 

154 

10 

50  18 

34  54 

18 

160 

II 

51   24 

51  34 

34  58 

159 

12 

52   18 

52  27 

35 

19 

158 

'3 

53  39 

53  54 

35  26 

161 

14 

54  58 

55     4 

36     7 

166 

'5 

SS  53 

56    8 

35  47 

1 

154 

16 

56  43 

56  44 

35  15 

.* 

4 

19 

56  54 

57     2 

35  27 

1 

T 

57  21 

35  27 

• 

- 

20 

> 

21 

X 

22 

57  55 

57  57 

38     2 

20 

s 

23 

57  10 

57     8 

35  50 

22* 

2 

24 

56     I 

33  46 

24* 

I 

25 

55  17 

55  17 

33  24 

f 

/ 

26 

56     6 

55     6 

33  22 

24 

27 

28 

55  36 

34  39 

?3* 

2 

29 

55  55 

55  55 

34  32 

3 

30 

56  21 

35 

3« 

5^>  41 

5«  47 

35  32 

i    ' 

V    *> 


?■  '''SI 


•'■»■ 


[     64     ] 


.+, 


Day  cf 
tlie  Month 

Sept.  I 

3 
4 

5 


9 

10 

ri 
1% 

n 

14 

\l 

ae 

Al 

^3 

i 
a 


I 


^ 


Latitude 

Latitude 

W.Long. 

by. 

by 

from 

reckoning 

56  3^ 

o'lfcrvdtion 

San  Bias 

16    10 

56     5 

56     3 

36    22 

55  45 

55  47 

36  39 

55  28 

36  33 

55     8 

55     7 

37     5 

54  40 

54  42 

36  27 

54  53 

36  56 

55     4 

36  56 

54  39 

54  32 

35  22 

54     4 

54     6 

34    6 

53  54 

53  52 

32  19 

52  58 

31     5 

52   II 

52     9 

30 

5«    H 

51   16 

29  35 

50     4 

50    12 

27     2 

49  23 

49  21 

25  38 

48  51 

48  53 

24  35 

48  37 

48  33 

23  40 

47  50 

47  49 

23  10 

47  II 

47  12 

22  33 

46  21 

21  58 

46  20 

22  42 

45  38 

22  35 

44  47 

44  47 

21   12 

44  17 

44   '9 

21     2 

43   15 

43   16 

21  20 

42  37 

21  41 

42  37 

21  41 

41     I 

40"  54 

21  41 

;  39  38 

1 

39  42 

1 

21   II 

Variation 

Dift.  from 

of  ihe 

the  coaft  of 

Needle 

America 

23 

10 

23    30 

'7 

23 

21 

22 

26 

22 

20 

23 

26 

26 

21 

7 

6 

20 

8 

8 

■■'  >;.-  ■' 

9 

9 

9 

9 

7 

'9 

6 

* 

i 

II 

10 

J. 

3 

J. 

18 

3 
i 

17 

10 

12 

10 

1 

16 

i 

lllul<ttM[lKfcTifatjififfr--1lr-~l1l^W---''^*^™^  ^..^J=i-^■...^7.  =  -.^■«..■r-^|-T^^^^^   .^7iA^---fi  ft.-r,r-if.r;.);,.  ■-«  ■ 


IfJ 


*V, 


i 


[    «5    ]• 


'tti 


'^^ 


Day  of 

the  Month 


Latitude 

^- 
reckon  ing 


Latitude 
by 

ol)fcrvatinii 


W, 


Long. 
S:in  Bias 


Variation 
of  the 

Ntedle 


Dii^.  from. 

tilC  COilll  of 

America 
i 

i 


3 
I 


H 


ft* 


-fc-*i*jtssaiE.'*-.s 


A 


>m 


Dny  of 
the  M(inth 


Nov. 


f 


^4 


3 

4 

I 

I 


ft 


If 


'# 


Latitude 

by 
reckoning 

3^  44 
36  28 

36  6 

34  41 
32  50 

30  56 

29  3Z 

28  52: 

2$  21 

n  16 


2'6 


16 

25  18 

24  53 
34.  15 

23  2 
22  20 

21  54 
21  45 
21  36 


[  66  ] 


Latitude 
nbfervation 

36  4^ 

36  1 1 
34  5,6. 
32  48 

30  57 


27  5^ 
27  8 
26  12 
25  16 

24  37 
24     I 

25 


22 
21 
21 

21 


*i^>., 


22 

53 
44 
34 


W.  Long, 
from 
San  Bias 


17 
17 

17 

*7 
l6 

16 

15 
14 

14 

'3 

1.2 

IQ 

8 
6 


5 

27 
42 

25 
5a 

2; 
18 

45 

13 
26 

'3 
46 

58 
56 


5  25. 
4  3 
2  38 
o  46 

O,      2 


up 


Variation 
of  the 
Needle 

14. 

13 
12 

IL 

I 

7 

7 

7 

7 
6 

6 

6 

5 

.5 

I 

5 
5 


Dift.  from 
(he  coailolt 
America 

7 
8 

8: 

23- 
45- 
4^ 
46 

45 
42^ 

35 

24 

10 

40 


■ 


i\ 


AD- 


I  I  wm',:\-MaMiimMiatnM 


C    ^7    1 


ADDENDA  TO  p.  1 8.   note  [j]. 

Having  admitted  in  this  note,  that  I  do  not  thoroughly  un- 
dcrftand  the  journalift's  defcriptlon,  it  is  right  to  add,  that  the 
manner  mentioned  of  disfiguring  the  face,  is  illuflrated  by  a 
wooden  mafque  in  Sir  Afliton  Lever^s  Mufeum,  brought  from  no 
diftant  latitude  on  this  fame  coaft  of  America. 

P.  14.    Fifth  line  from  the  bottom. 

I  am  informed  by  a  gentleman  long  refident  at  Cadiz,  that 
ejp'tare  fignifies  to  warp  as  well  as  to ^ ;  and  I  rather  conceive 
that  ill  this  paflage  it  fliould  have  been  fo  tranflated. 


FINIS.- 


-4 


"*>.-■  '  \