1^
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
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FhotograiJiic
Sdoices
Corporation
13 WS\ MAIN STRUT
WIUTM.N Y. 14SM
(7I*)I73-4S03
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CIHM/ICMH
Microfiche
Series.
CIHJVI/ICIVIH
Collection de
Canadiairliwtituta for Historical Microroproductions / Inttitut canailion do microroproduetiona historiquaa
Tachnical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notas tachniquaa at bibliographiquaa
Tha inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat
original copy availabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia
copy which may ba bibiiographically uniqua,
which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha
raproduction. or which may aignlflcantly changa
tha uaual mathod of filming, ara chaekad balow.
□ Colourad covara/
Couvartura da coulaur
rn Covara damagad/
D
Couvartura andommag4<«
Covara raatorad and/or iaminatad/
Couvartura raataurta at/ou pallicuMa
r~l Covar titia miaaing/
D
D
D
D
D
La titra da couvartura manqua
n~1 Colourad mapa/
Cartaa gtegraphiquaa mt coulaur
Colourad ink (i.a. othar than blua or black)/
Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua blaua ou noira)
nn Colourad plataa and/or illuatrationa/
Planchaa at/ou illuatrationa tt coulaur
Bound with othar matarial/
RaM avac d'autraa documanta
Tight binding may eauaa ahadovva or diatortion
along intarior margin/
La r9 liura aarria paut cauaar da i'ombra ou da la
distoralon la long da la marga inttrteura
Blank laavaa addad during raatoratlon may
appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar poaalbla. thaaa
hava baan omittad from filming/
II aa paut qua cartainaa pagaa blanchaa aJoutAaa
lora d'una raatauration apparaiaaant dana ia taxta,
mala, loraqua cala Atait poaalbla, caa pagaa n'ont
paa «t« film^aa.
Additional commanta:/
Commantairaa suppiAmantairaa;
L'Inatitut a microfilm^ la maillaur axampiaira
qu'il lui a it* poaalbla da aa procurar. Laa ditails
da cat axamplaira qui aont paut-Atra uniquaa du
point da vua bibliographiqua. qui pauvant modif iar
una imaga raproduita, ou qui pauvant axigar una
modification dana ia mi'hoda normala da f ilmaga
aont Indiquto ci-daaaoua.
|~~| Colourad pagaa/
Pagaa da coulaur
Pagaa damagad/
Pagaa andommagAaa
□ Pagaa raatorad and/or Iaminatad/
Pagaa raataurAaa at/ou paiiiculAaa
Py] Pagaa diacolourad. atainad or foxad/
Pagaa dAcoloriaa. tachatiaa ou piquiaa
Pagaa datachad/
Pagaa dAtachiaa
Showthroughy
Tranaparanca
Quality of prin
Qualiti inigaia da I'impraaaion
Includaa aupplamantary mat^rii
Comprand du material auppMmantaira
Only adition availabia/
Saula Mition diaponibia
r~n Pagaa datachad/
rri Showthrough/
rn Quality of print variaa/
rn Includaa aupplamantary material/
rn Only adition availabia/
D
Pagaa wholly or partially obacurad by arrata
alipa. tiaauaa, ate. hava baan rafilmad to
anaura tha baat poaaibia imaga/
Laa pagaa totalamant ou partiallamant
obacurciaa par un fauiilat d'arrata. una palura.
ate. ont 4t* fiimiaa A nouvaau da fa^on i
obtanir la maiilaura imaga poaaibia.
Thia itam la fiimad at tha raductioh ratio chaekad balow/
Ca document aat fiimi au taux da rMuction indiquA ci-daaaoua.
10X
14X
itx
22X
2IX
30X
y
12X
1IX
aox
a4x
ax
32X
Th« copy fllmad hmn haa bMn raproduesd thanks
to tha ganaroalty of:
L'axamplaira filmi fut raproduit griea A la
9tntnaM da:
Ligislaturt du QuMiM
LtoMaturtduQullMe
Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha baat quality
poaaiMa eofialdaring tha condition and laglbiHty
of tha original copy and In icaaplnj with tl«a
fliming contract spaciflcationa.
Original copiaa in printad papar covara ara fitmad
baginning with tha front cover and andlng on
tha laat paga with a printad or INuatratad Impraa-
slon, or tha bacic cover whan appropriata. All
otiMr original copiaa ara filmad baginning on tha
firat paga with a printad or Hliiatratad Impraa*
•Ion. and andlng on tha laat paga with a printad
or INuatratad Impraaaien.
T:<a laat racordad frama on aach microflcha
shaM contain tha symbol — »• (moaning "CON-
TINUIO"). or tha symbol ▼ (moaning "END"),
whichavar appHaa.
Laa imagaa suhrantaa ont 4t* raprodultas avac la
plua grand coin, compta tanu da la condition at
da la nattati da raxamplaira fHmA. at an
conformiti avac laa conditlona du contrat da
fHmaga.
Laa axampMraa origlnoux dont la couvartura ^n
papiar aat ImprimAa sont fUmte an commandant
par la pramlar plat at an tarminant soit par la
danMra paga qui comporta una amprainta
dimpraaaion ou dINuatratlon, soit par la sacond
plat, salon la caa. Toua laa autraa axamplairaa
eriginaujc sont fUmte an commandant par la
pramMra paga qui comporta una amprainta
dimpraaaion ou dIHuatration at an tarminant par
la damMra paga qui comporta una talla
amprainta*
Un daa aymbolaa suhnmts apparahra sur la
damMra Imaga da chaqua microflcha. salon la
caa: la aymbda — ^ signifia "A SUIVRE". la
aymbolo ▼ algnifia "FIN".
plataa. charts, ate., may be filmed at
different reduction ratloa. Thoea too large to be
entirely included In one expoeure ere fUmed
beginning In the upper left hend comer, left to
right and top to bottom, ee many framae aa
required. The following diagrama Uiuatrata the
tabieeux. etc.. peuvent Atre
flim4e A dee taux da reduction diffArentt.
Lorsque ie document eet trop grand pcur Atra
reproiduit en un seul cllchA. 11 eet fHmA A partir
da I'angle aupAiIaur gauche, do geuche A droite.
et do heut en bee. en pranant la nombre
d'Imagea nAceaaeire. i aa diagrammee suhranta
illuatrant Ie mAthode.
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
-1 ^
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NATURAL Aut CIV
HISTORY
0 P
VERMONT.
BY SAMUEL WiLLiAMS, LL. D.
Member or the Metiorological Sociity in Girma*
NY| F THE Philosophical Society is Philadel*
PHIA, and of the Academy op Arts and Sciences
IN MASSACHtSETTJ.
Puhlijhed according to Act of Congress.
Jim
ttmimm
w^r^
PRINTED AT WALPOLE, Newhampshirb.
JiY ISAIAH THOMAS and DAVID CARLISLE, Jun.
Sold It tMr BOOKITORI. in UTalp^k, nnd by faid Thomai, m hi*
Bookstore, in Wvtttfin. ^
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To TH« CITIZENS or thi STATE
V E R M P N T,
Thb roLUwiMO OBSERVATIONS^
ON THBIft
NATURAL AMD ClU^IL
HISTORY,
Are humbly In SCR 19 ij> {
As a Testimony of fUsrtct
For #A«tV many VxaTUBs»
• Ai aa Arra MPT to Promote
A more particular Ac^^aimtance
With Iheir own Ar7A4Rs,
And with the moft ardent Wishes
For their further Imp ROVBMBif.
And pR08PBRtT¥»
By their obedient
J.
V and humble Servant;
The AUTHOR.
Jutland, fulj t^, a794«
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P * R E K A C3 E*
aiiW'fit^l^menba'^^
j[^REE ceAitiaH^* Ik*^^^^^^^ I)Saffi4
by€i/Si«l-
miti^hsi:vt engag^ the atteiltiM ^ hiftodiNIi
and phiiofbphen.«>^Th(e natutir^itMaions of
this cbntinettt, hare been one o^ji^ of general tn*
qtiiry. ' Among the Sj^auilh titters, ^ere are
fbm6 gbbd efl^s on tM uldural hfi^G^jir'^'tba
ibuthern parts of Ati^rki. In C^iftaig (one ^
the phy ficiani and jefuitfirere attrative to tN nat*
iiral prodttQibns 0f that part 0f the contineiif ;
aiid have left fome valtrabie pieces <tat the natural
hiftoiy of Newfrance. This kind of knowledge
Waa not mudi attended tb; b^r the firft (ettlen of
ihe Britifh cotonlerj kbdW<!fhaveburiiHv' of their
aoci^tit writings, iii whicfa'it was contemplated at
all. Obliged to depend dpoh tranficnt and par-
tial accounts, the heft wHte^ u^on natural faiftory,
M. de BuflFon, has falleii-ftrto ikiany miftakes re-
fpeCBAg Ihiir oatiiral p^rbduQions of America,
K^hich^ mb^ i^anirat^ obfert^attons would have cor-
lekG^d. Thls^lttbjcia Inftlad df being fi% ex-
I^Orcdj is yci a trcafure but lilllc ekamined.
^
f^iom. F ■ A^i CH m
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Mi
«iim»uf flud laq^rtiitt; tABmt liMf agbiil windMUi
W eii#iigli?#B^iClirte9c4 <« «f ttud Mthcir acdinlA
l4iifiM9f»iabtUliii^«r>i»t«t#|if(ifist|ri:. tb^
aadi^Qftgei hy iheif fcnyhiwiltv the aies of Eu^
fyfli«nm«MN iMNMifff^^o ««»iniite littf ap« t^jil
partiality } that w^4wi|r^4i|U«i»tflft whait wnair^
ujM^ifh t|)il ^ngi ^ Ibfifli^ ^aml wilat wat di£ul«
%' fipi'^rj^' Ff^J^^W nPlR''^P*^ ^W^p^tP^ I^IP^JP^ww^*^** swMwt^pwjpv^"-"
.•j"'
■^^ffS'^S'"''-^*'^- WI'8«»St'«'i3BW«» ■'
t^ mi m. fimcsum
vH
twiibiDf • t»|lifeiw<iw»^|ttiiiir^mit#giiliiil^
l«llii94iii#i«inwlii#riMl Meit^
ariAvfocfec^ li«d^lwi^c iiioiiirody }^i > ^|ii#7««i
•''iis'Jiikrfiiv ftfibfiMd3»t]i^(ftt<ilf:«iii0it|tlt^' mMt^
of the earth, the ftates o^JltmttilOtmim^ ftfitel «o>
iimm9Mmmm1iMii»^ fe«^ I fbtiMdM.dit pfiii*
(^VtontMPiBfaitaaififlwiiii^^aM pi^mihg4i^ ^
l||b^iiM «f<iU#{tf Hay ttfttion tMffbl«« i^^br M|»i '
[^m^vn-j'vm
tended
' f
%
m
*p -1^ ^ % "^/M
,ii|y: The goT€i;iin)ei|t is dep^dent upop, bij|t
mMi9 cpmArfm^mfM^ incam^ng in fiiiiii|>f^|
**>tmftt,,wmM$, 4ild^po«r#n ■ Th«cJii^sft p«?^-
^qH Mid Jilitity,<s9vfalcb m»n it peroiit(«dAlo bope
te in thsyeefimft lift^ may rattoiuil^ lie exj^-
-t^tififttdiftlliitf. of foocly : And i| bccomftt
^fi^civrfetiie ohjfCk ef ^oircrfal ioquiry and «t-
^- to »tpiifeBt Ihe^ate of ihings ia Amerioi* in
> ^ptopgr ^bt/ particular .accomiti of each fiarl ^
thdhdwat^witMfcftiai t»^lit Jieceflary i .«iidiroa(d
anfwer other valuable purpofes* ^Afl abliB bifto-
jtaaoi the Rever«tt(3 Ux, Belkn§p, haf .obliged the
. tviMid wkh die ymmy of NmbM^Jh^n, Jfae
CoUowing treaife ia^dfifigped tOi defcaribf the ofi-
ntioiii of nature inctfocietyt in the adja^ot ftf^
of VtfmMi* Thia is the youngeft of the ft«tes, an
inland country* and now rapidly changing froni a
vail tfa6l of uncultivated wild^rnefs, to oumerons
and eictenfive fettlemeots. J q this ftage Qf foci-
ety, indudry and economy feem to produce the
greateft effe^s, in the fhortcft periods of time.
THB manner in which, the work has been exe-
cutedt I am appr^henfive will require much can-
dour in the reader. In the variety of fubjefts
which have conbe under contemplation, I cannot
Hatter myfclf, that I Lave been free from errors
_..v and
■*TBi^'^*fr'' ^
'' ♦
/!■
im^ica- in
^# R- -C. P M Oi m ^'
tH f AmeticMi wtr «eDfi4ti«# wttb* wTiMA^^i^
its ieau^s, opentioM, or ^^Mts, iprefatt^^^ar
Tievr foihe of the mod islpoitMil etCMi, i<hl*
have tihen pltoe in inodterfl tiovi ^ #iit mUbm ii
thefe parttoalars can be eompreheniM in'tbe hii^
tory of a«y parttcnlar ftat^. ' iTogitfefttell an^iiir*
peifea vieir of this fubj^ as' odiiM^ htpnfmAf
contained in the biftoiy of •Vttrmoiit, di^^aoil ap^
pear eligible. No further ecooitnii tbeitfore of
the war, are ittferted^ thaft what appeared neaef-
fary to explain the fnbjea, which 1 had mofefiTi*
ficnlarljr in view.
TAB controverfies %%idi took pbee between
the ftatcf of Vermont, NewTork, and Newhan^
Ihire, were of the moft dangerous nature g
they were agitated for a while, with a
greatly unfayourable to the peace and faCety oftha
whole union. Moft of the wars which have tak«
en place among mankind, have been occvGoncd
by difputes refpeQing territory a^d jurifdi^Uon :
And however juft or proper it might be for any
natioo, to give up part of its territory and doaiii\«
ion to its neighbours, fuch a facrifice was Tcarccly
ever made without compulfion and ^rce.— To
have expefl^d Newyotk would voluntarily give
up part of her territory, wl^eq the d^Oi^ns^f (ho
kio^ind the law were in her favour; was to e\-
* pea
%^ §■§ f f f f ..f
'?!lO?«lf^-"
s;#a^fterK^;?^^"
m
txpdwi^d^ t^^ffxMu^iq^ t nor f^tn I ajporclbca*
qf ihoTe iiMtten. But it Is not tmproliable tnu
X ^ve.npt, liad complete infi^rmatipQi if ^me f^t*
tio)l|i;fi rerpe^^VPf thofe cbmi^rM^li jcp&^vtv*
^11$ I afi^ ^may Iiav<s miftalen tnt yiew/of j^Ytl^i,
& (bme df tlieir U^g traniaKli^ '%' il^
fboula tie ifiDttiid, to be ibe cafe, St will ^irt m
great pteahi^eta receive fiich fitirtber iafbrtnatton, #
it (hall'ehibk me' to corrieCl any miftalea. Tfiiofe
wbo poiht but Vo us our ttton. perform tbe ftum
Iticafiy 6lC€, a tb6f« who U\f vato ncirthlitbl.
.♦^
^•tV I, ■.:),■» i>.:.K*-
■ , -fill ill
;OWi:^; :it^\
'S-:S!|0»^^?^'VJ
i6V.AiJ/.|'i:
the CIloe ni»i|nen. cttiioms, namCi, «ilcr potxttRi^
tmong; oilereBt nado% m wKat«¥«r f^n.w <a"
«aill|,tb«y.ii|air tejida. iifonaufi^f. IW#^ M^
AOl tt^HHiir Mtm aii4 tenitWmr, feUl oiily ift ttjp
OiMi)j|^^ that it fitt^itige ini <^a«|^ ^
whhf^e ^|ri|l4«uoi]f or iiq|^ liflf-
maa raoef And hence» while the nutare pt map
f cmaiQi vnaUeitd, the date of focietf is |«rpetit«
tkHy ehangiQg^ and the men of one ago f^ifPl^iK*
417^ in mai^ icfpe^ appear diGEerent frMi 4^
pf aiiftfiir. And f$ mm themfelvei ire rnnip iir
}^ improved, e^ery thing that confiitoet a part
of
u^\ ^ m M m wi M
lijIMWIrlliiHl^ fiflijttatot ryi^iiiiity^ii jifa.
' '^^
t1i*TM1fS.
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mfsMitfiSu ^
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Origin AL^Nji ABIT ANTS.'^TAff»/%»i»//p
' OvfV Gofummmk Syjhm if W^ar^ Linfiimt^
CHAP.
^ K « s n f '§ # f a^
It
fW
s
tf J^irmni iHiiibi ftitrMl Um»n. F0fiticai
t9*
Eit9iofiki/iCMir$virJlis, ^
,g^1VS,'4*^.
t^
if*
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^m'^trii!
iMi
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*r ^-^^i All ti
APWENDIXr
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An JMi^W Mi^P^ MiUttutU '
N:U M3 j: R ill. •
nounein^jl^i jdljiriB io % a IPrie onj /im<c-
The Rm^if^^m-W the Commiffioners from Ver^
QueJ!m^fi^9pim4^th^ cf ^onitrefi
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THE
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!^|«f,|^»'^S ■>m-^'Hfm*«m*»'^^"'
.£,; nm>.i
lit
f.-' ^
delphim. It II jdlilgeibtf fH^
Uitt country.; (iirroiattdcil bf
^1^8 «lf f B|«i*Jiaii^i#e. M««r«aMBtt«/ |«Cfr-
ii; c i ■ If;: ■
09
iMbQM}bufe|^,^e itlfij^U^ line, pttrfuini th^'
^mirfci pf)MirrimiM:i^nve^^fl^ three loilii diftaiice,
o^ lli^ D^h fide tlieiTof/ bf gtnnnig at the A'tlan*
ti6 oces%|il^ <^ding>t a^pfof^ ||&. ^r^ of Pa^^
luclket tills s* and a (uaigEt Une drawn* thence due .
iy%ft»^ntil it m^els with Bis Ma}ej|^*s other gpvemL
saeaiii*/ ;9:}|e poioft tliree tnilet %rt|k^ of i^atackfl
iiX&i il!^ fbdfid 40 he In th<e^owti^<^ DnictttPFi^
itm fmi»t^^tiiff^^{arfiMy<^^ Hazen, in the
tn^thsjbf Fcl^aarjr and March, i^^i, ran the di-
vi^oiiiiiiijsi^ 1ieiii^<Mai^
Mr^;h ll«i%« ffire^ed %y Mr. Bdchet^ at that
time goMemor. iof bo^ ihp& sfovi^ce^, to allbw ten
degi^# ibi^tl« wefiilrl)^'vaTlaiio^ the magnetic
nee^l^* Jhe magnetic variation, jt that time And
piace^v itni^fkt I»fre4»> «i the ^^)ri^ ' a£Siaied :
Atid w^ hftratvwed Jf tTdilheaT^iit^i^er; i df^
lane^of 'fifet^ireMes^. hkSead of hieing in a weft
line»br h^pdei^te^tcithebbrth »' 57^ of latitude.
71)>s errdit If 4lio dtiv^i^ % the^liiie^ ^cea%iis a
17 wsrea to Yeirntebtji:
■■.,< '■
J- U-'
^e;^a 1»^ bf Cohmaicikt rivfi^ i "Biivl^
lowtnj; the courfe <^ the river, is tt%o^l tiirirjhiiiMiMd
mil^s f and ^ deriredf ronw th^ dteee 6f Gei^i|isi«hi
thtrdi nOn l4i^B<^h df ijtt}n« r7!6:|»l[hlsi M4m^^
idered A«hd diisl^tedr *-^btt. weflwrnffl)afciliv< w
rtveir Ci9nne£Hie«it| ^om nrhere it am^lrs ^fftilvttfie
of j^^l^chiifetlsi Si^; ^ far (ndrlhrAiith« |i^n>» JMh
degree of northettt latitudd, ^^»^>heilraii|aiiii^'i«ie
Id
'j-i*Wiii(Wj«tt»«m»»*t>«»*
felt iftAiiifty milfs i|fi#fme;4ttsrl0B oIy »>idii|^i%
ltMig|i0i'|iliid^ b^^ii^B^
;^telf|i||li;Ne8#^^ . .. ^
-Gliafi^lfthf i^tilei|ce tlwiiilblhe micUfo eiMtMi^f
tfftciiftmicl c€ Lfttcfe ChttilpUi|ti^t0 tl^ ta^lir^ of
jirtftt^twioliilie iikiids l:aH(;i4f^« Sra^Vlf ii and
•fAlff iikfia Mott» to the forty fiftli degree of nbrth
^ latitiidi.
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tffi^iiciimiUQ Mi^MmUt
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mrm^ * . - -^ ^ o, ^ . .
.•^is^-MSiif
■• , • ■J»C-?'#*>^ -■*: ^*U' -,'.^'h<tii ; «■i^^^^^•-
<? ' :~
. a;;,; ■. L^ Nil.
«f r-^-
MgiNg^ ■ ittMcaeili^
«n4 majcftiii pl«£^c»«^ ^^flEf* .S^i^
>i«
AHB CIVit
century have l|pen foUcitous to deCermtne. Tht
noft common method of meaturing their heights,
has been by the Barometer. I do not know that in
many cafes, a Il|etter method c<(Uld have been ap-
plied. The theory however of this, is not attend-
cd with certainty, or precifion : And in its applica*
tion, it lias generally given very different altitudft,
ttxfie fame mountain. Ceometrical menftirationt
admit of greater certainty and fimplicity, where they
can be applied : But the difficulty and expenfe of
making fuch menfurations, has prevented any great
-prog^els from being made, in tni& p^rt of the natu-
ral hiftory of the earth. Ip^North AipM^a^ t^
height of moft of our mountains, remaip$_ ye|,^t|Qii'lSp^
de^<rmined.ir-In December,, ^79^1 1 atte^pfeai tft
afcertain the altitude of K^iUngtan Ptak, one of the*
iigheft of the green mountains^ ^y.a^ geoi^eitric^
yroccfs; and had the lupj^nefs to Ji^c^id ;i||i%
]ncnrurati9n. The laeafures ftooq thu^M^ay^ f^t^^i^
lifsi^t of A^Z/tn^^oniVai above the plain
at the State Houfe iaRuiljtnd; by geo;f ,
'ttetri^lmmfi^i^atipn. \' ^^.^r^ ,ni ^liL
^!^}M^f^^ StJ|tfsHQ|||||bpveth»»*atert
^,''.gt Mkc ClMmplaio,<€aiuced from the
, jntenforation • of the . falb of Otter-
creek, aa^ a i»mpi)^
PipCbi^liibf the water Irom that part of
llfte Champlain whefe the current be-
ms, t0 St. John's J a diftaacj^ of tf|y,
1, Silled. llCtiwated at twelve inches to
a milc» ' ! • . •
Falls between St. John's and Qh^n;^};\e,
Eftimated, <*!' ' • ,/«
Qefcent of thq, w^r from the bafon of
Cham^e to Quebec, a diftance of one
humdred and eighty miles. £{lim4ted
. at twelve inches to a mile.
87i«ii i*
h
iinAiina
i
Admitting
Jtnitling thewatfrt of ih« flvcljt* J;«irrehc^||
^tiiebffc^tcMieilw :th« ramekvelM tbe Ui^^ih^^if^
jde (^K4iUf^tonJ^sJthy tbefc meafures Mtf^amf
lutafionsiit 3454 f«et al»ve tbeleveio^ibe-cci^afli.
rbe allttudei at fiimh a perpfitual coQg^l|ili6ti |al«f
>iace iathis-latkpde (430 goT) i^ about SD66>^eft|
ibovc tbft4cvcl of.theita. Tbi» is^ probaWJj lotg
Eftjbs of a mil^ki bigber than tbe tQp$ of our hi^fl
iOfiniain^\jf Bfit altbougb * ibey aue fat bclojc t||
* Mbtttit rBlMe Jn StviTf, is t1ia.bigbeftriiioUiitaiii ia;^
ro|M, ,9»^ of«|ba);ly Che h\gkff^i^ thboUf^ h«»i^|^liet4ti , Ui
\787 Its aUU«,w4 l^^nd.by M^^4r,S««^r^to be I5>67|^£b|.
mliei trnk tii6lev«Uf t)i6YeaJ In th<$ f<)ti(h«rajffA«^
Lnksrica M. Bomgiut fouml tHe higheft p«rt of the C<MAiiH»*
II, tche 20,590 feet in Height } tbu is the .hicheft 0imtf}f;^
the globe.— 'In Virginia^ i^ccoriling to M|. J*01ii% '
Wt«ins of t1i« B)»ie ridge* aQ4 o(^ the(e; the
-e tao^ight tb be of the gf^efiiteicht, thekfulld frokb (H
ire> «( From dati;*' faith hei' "^ Which mtyioariia 4 toleci^
mjcAure, k
srpendicuh
'he lyjhite ,11 . , -._ , ^ ^
lire, are geheiilly elfteemed to be the highe(llaildMi^'M«v«
Bn|^and. Their altitude has not been tistrTmlhrrll tijr gpOfUrt
rical meAfuration, but there is one circumftance attetMij[|f|^
\Bir pWenonien»y which may ferve to denote ..their altiba^'
rith ii)uch pfohability. Frpm the ohfeni>Mton« which Myft
eeh made Of their tops, ir appear^ that the altitude of 1lh«
lifheft or the white mo^MtaitiS, ia below the point of^pttpet-
uT confclatlom ' On June t4 xf'j^tsn^'t fouth fidh^^i^^no
)f t|i^ gtlUiesf the Cnow was bve feet deep. On ^pt«||JUi|t|«^
I763, the tops of the mountain wM covered wiih ieean^MiJi^,
^ewty fbrmed* In 1784, fnow was fcen on theltiuth'vde of
[he largeft mountain, until July isth. In 17901 the fnoW |ky'
Sntil the momih of A.aguil. In general, the mountain beglbi
S be covered with fnow w early as September ; but it goes off
(ain, and fetdom becumes fixed until tne end of 06(ober, Or the
egintijngof NoKvnber : 9ut from thattima,*i| ecmaina umif
|uly. (Belknap's JfYI|LNewhamD(hire, 3. 46, ^^^J.\^t(Vf^ tH||fe
Sffl^elions it is apparent, that tne white oipuntaiai .rife,D^||^r
) the line of'perpfti^ congelation in that latitude^ bul^UJMloi!'
illy come npjo,^,. ThcM BlounV«ns artj ia tho btl^^ '
^ 15' northf ,t>e ]lfqp>ot pf rAfltjual cofigelatiim in 4l
*de, «• deduced from t|i4;^tj||(i^2^ jat^h^jifiyfiii
'■%'■
Ml ill of tlKMi «rfe 4if the ipet^ m^^hmifi^tmi
^potttti fj^ij^, lieiAl«ii^^Mi#^f^|<i|ii|efffiliM «^
iD(|bMA)« 4itbitii(b| as we approach th(e (ooiiliit of ati
4d^iBlMKBtatn% j^iiees dcfeiiiralfB^ii'i^dri^iiien-
fi(Wi^ atti|re^iidt.ter^iim|«e M^
-|ircr«tit our fiaffiiig btMred) thmti Twm f^mtt^
jmrnlbeeL tirtUt Qmha and' tinea >earfii|^fbMt
Bioi^iiefbaiotia, ii4ii|clliiit«iiii Hfbgt fM^« tbt
-^0|^ of lN)r ^li^icft ttiooiitafinii ' H i « ^
• Mve laife opoiMircit or cyftoiiMa iiiOjiy illte*t#clti4
AiBot^ thefe fobC^rriiieoli*'-pda|ei» iMo o^otiit
pff iptif^tftSalk tM%%nt I^W6 bcto .l(mf|^4 0«f of
,l^e ia^t Cbi»ii4o% oa tX^i (oii^Mt idf b#
r flieailitaiB, In 4bt iw^erhr pfMf of 4ii#«M% « /SIk
i siO^fh of the cive it not m^rtt Wiirii» fe«^ k^ il|iiri-
, tlft^ li^ i^^«!rcti||i 1)9(8 .pafife Qnte iMi|ic)«
irilft llMihotuion of ig^ ^r |i6 iMp^^tij |»«i»flontMi*
net of acailjf iJie &nit dlan»tir» tiilfoifli tbo ii4N[»lo
ttndt ill ,Ettrep«i U rSyi f^t aboi^ tfie 1^1 otttte Ht^ Fram
the givifer cbMncliior the Ainarican cKnttie^ theoofntof ^.
MItttI cdigelatlM fifa fi»ilari%ai<iricrtflattWwi<ciimitil^H
'fiM« of t|M whltaihmificahit, etiviot ba ai|i|piii4ifiiar^ thla
7IQ0 faft abofv« the level of tha 9cnn :. And thUh MmHUv
^aiUuidat^^hiflwftaKNMitaiiis ivthaaaftam IUMn
'■W
**.
"1.
t>ate%itttf^iypiyi^^ Iftpcttrancd dT mitill^
^h^:^l0li0k'^J^^ The
iNM^Ife liHMir 'jM#t* illNitsii^^ llat
n. it^Otii^iiiiltWrii iiIiifiM£<«-tflMfii m-^fitfi to
^ . i|^ianMiit>nMitAiMM^ intifye t- iMinfr allttvd bf hrr»
«M Btircf InlMibitadlli^ JMby^tiheiiuiiiaiifTise; *
: Oat of c&t tnoft curtoQt and important operations
W^ich nature canies on in the mountains, is the for*
tWati6lii l>f rprings and rivein. Alt ouf areams of
. #aaer in Vermont, have their tii*e «moog the green
moUBtidai t Ft(ta» a ««mb»r «f tlic^ utiflrag, ere
formed ail thdfe^Woeirs and rtvi^r^, wB2tt|'ft|^ ia
iiiferliit direOiott* through 4bi Var^f^iis piitf^the
D couotrjr :
,i6 KtnM<ii0MM> 'miktt!WiJ
fsmfffty i And in «eii«i^| the liriiu^- ^^ if
M b« found in ae^ ^i«pi^ti^^
In :#bat m^iitmii^t^i^^
t^e^ el^arf And wii^iMI^#f<i^^M! Ilifc l||l^
tli€ watciii, from thtt bpwdls! tii :t&ch.fiii|l(:e -6f t^
. e^rtll. That vvratdf 19 contumcd -tn liii^iqiuintititt
^iil the b0|lre^i!^^i^«irt|^ ji^jilii€#4i^^
{iihich »r#' f(|iind?tn: altn^Eift li^> defili^a«44; aM
"'fifm: thofe #liH?h evdry^^lKXi; fti|itft|!t^eUl^ «t the
<anh^ Thaty(hl^;Wirttdi<^irei^oon^ait^^db^
towatds thtf (pr&ici&<»f thft iBatth» andtgbl^ ^tiff inlo
the K^tmorpiifre, is evidcat fr&fii tlii e^ii6ic»ti(Cik
wh|(^ is <;Qfni$ai)tly talung:|4i^ ttndlKiifir m^^^ «Men^
net itir whidbri)^* jOT as iMts geti«rl% .iitf|i#fll<l^;a
drap>8^ <fl^a« IrPth the fivrfaec of tbe i^t^li, al^ the
« fpdi|M|.by ti»fiiigtft«ar:di%«Ciiiig the^
hptbl^ tliif «afia»ttl o£ the #»i«i1i MMktim&Mf
any ftrata i]fii^ji^, roeks, 0lr.f<fiMr oihi^- fuhOiiMJh^
through which they cannot |>aft^tMsy'#iU!€olleft in
fnch quantities, as to form or find for Mhetnfdvta: ft
channel, tfaroQ|h which they may be ^chafiiged.
The ptace oC this dif^srger can only be ion. the fide
; of a hiU, or inifomtfPOiiiQd ^lew the leVel of tfaiit
plac^^ where they. are thus: coHeded s And ist fuch
« place the watexs would 'continiieMo. iflue; omt,,
* as long as they continued to afceod, whaiCevev mii^t
^ be the fevcrity or dilration i)f a drought.W-Ia'fome
fuch way, it appeals probable to me, thatfomefof the
fprings are f/urmed in the mountains : By waters
which are afcending towards the furfaoe of the earth t
. but%yhicb, infteadof going loffal^lhe.top, have their
difcharge in fmall quantities, At the fides of the
mountains. Any ftrata oftlay, rockier of aiiy other
matter,'
fceadf iti raiuittr |d<nir|^l^ pRNKioil li i^^
bbiird«4i]utiiii^i^^wolI|^ is a GonHan^ pf>if ^
eilolt^ii^aiif Q»&4|^dp^f«^cm^ mttti^^ And leailt
tioibe;>y«|qiii^f€a^«rli^h'49iM^^ to j^ ^
%ring« cdMi i^pM^lii ^naecl^ tot; ;pre^ed(» - %^
Mittll^<afi^B||iBiifkdie JbvMfl. «ii#i|^>:i III Oi^
iMtoi^ Jittfteid of |)etd| Ttf^ irat|^ tfao
eautk^^i^eif^eptltjof :iiBin» fedi^ lai|nicli eitbaiifted
piit$pai^wfhY mat, AflAnoirmh can evtf ipliip.
di[^^til,^#ii|pOl^ati©Ii4:f^^-n«i■a:^4.♦ -^J-ir-r/: '.•:!;
orlillluiilpttiolliaii^ alfbt cp. idtm .laiaili^^^
$timi9mfffiii r^tef apbiwi iQ6oiipitcli4l» doodi
khti ^ifa^k«f{ti|f aactli; Whci>jcln> cvapor4tioi:| it
ift lBi?iOpeii^^4i«Kpefd^ fCartihe* Ctto and wind^ the
^yiirfMtfcn^lir^.foim pu-riedoff Jh|o the atoifl|(|^iCi^
and <ifa6 >(|icfiic«: ft^i r^e dnth is \^> dry^ iWhea
thn avaponttioii'isiifiioin' Itoda tovored ov«r:<wiHi
'thick ftl!Mfrahd:h«flielirtbaiiblbehi:e ofi thodTiimaiid
mtdi amniuGfa, |>rev8nted f (iiAdit2^j#ateriljftagi»fiie
«pOD-theftdtCaci0)df«hc cardi) and render ic/<^efciind
miffyiiarlhe IMi of) firaimia, aiidHloQfined urafteri.
tWhenithiBicvaporation is from the fid«s and tops of
imduatai^^v^covered ««ith.vetataUes» the waters aro
i^bttt.flondyiaafried oflFbjr the! neat andirind i nor can
-thuTilU^iiate^ but>^i«itti|>f; giiadqall^ and i conftanity
>dcteeaMgMlo«^ Ibet^desifii thefl1fbui)tlkios»juii,oat-
uealvoiit^aiifeAcNilflehj^^ab !}!iABd#i9((kis(iiv«p^^e
iibontifaiiiia c^ alfo^ lie vcoiiAantly/prod«*}i«ilfiulU
A
~ I-- , -j.^:' . f^-'^.
0 . ^t^imtm^-jm . ^
fiiicOretM with «tbid| C^^ r#l^
mt^ fo$^9or^mitt •o4'. -toiif itiiC^.i tli».^'iiii^^
iipith fiMJMr ^«^
f% i^lb/xeach Itoq one iJOck to aaqM^ar, aiiidl^^li^; fiHA
>» «qn^Ktttm ai tobeijr the wckhfipfratttilQ^^witMiil
wh^ pan; of i| riini^^a tbje iUfuM tha ^mm?^.
ta^«^ part win be dftajipied by. tlia ^ngf- futfacfitx^
pieiifCratf avd un|( into |hc eartb. Qn tfapa aiccouM,
'andfbr want of a moff^fapid cvsponitioQ^ fiiveral ot
I our mountains^ af« txiaQaihtly wet Itm-llijBiTaopa, and
We toaribjr fpob^ wlncK #|i| fN^lrtAdt |^
«iiatHC>»<]% c t V fa«. .tQl4l>r^r tbcl9<MipaiNnDa aie
tr€(|rifndyTaryiw^iui4'iiM^ ^wh^iiit^ v^ey* be-
low %rc dry.*4^Vifbeo UienMrfli^ri ibii4^pp|iiBd^liy4^^
cloud« and rain, meet with any ftiaif Whi^ P^^Y^^
iheir
jti
iheirddbeo^ toqr coll«d in fyck i^iiantUiei as to
form a ciMi|i.odi^ niiui iflbe piit at fcbe fides of tke
sDouiitai» in the |cfna of fi^ibgs. ai^d rivulets. All
thoTe Cmm9g^tM^i^9X9 ^ffuMniff f<|m^iie t|)«a
formii hf the rsuns, qi^ deCfsendlitig. winters : And ^
more fioiiftAnt ml TQgnlar tl^ rains arcj^ the tfiote
neriiiafuf»| aiid ft«a^ w^ ^theft? fprings he : Suioli
^foal quantities i hut ^hen tl^e rains oeafe, ml *
ievere drought copies on^ thefe firings ara djmkyM,
fonnd |o m* .^
, .. Jn eaeh pf thicfe ^ays, the mountains fupply iica-^
|i» fot tfa» Qirfaus «M:llrfiini#»' (BHil of wh^, the
SMriAiiWiMt i(: :'A^ they. are<;fii^«r>^c^.|ifr«f
I .iKbile ih»J|ii|frfinto<Na^^ i|| ,mii««i4i^^ ^fil^
UrttiiwiiiiiH
v-i.<i%\^\ ■-.
,* •
; ' i-/;
:'l *-.—
■• A r'- ^
■ :t.- ■ .
■•■ ■ '.i 5
\4 I ,
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:%'^'> £'!■■;
rr
:(.!»
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'iumt. 'i^di.
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4i
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{' .! ■
lLL tiw ftrcnas^aid ftirefisoffVer^
iiimft,.}iav«4]ieir' origin ainobg.th^ j^eiMbiMintnak
amd f aH itii^(^^i«»dieoti riv^i < ^ Ab^t t#eilty £l(t^
mti we(terl)r^ i^^^CchaVge ftbentTsWet •lato ^ «lijil»
CluMiplaiii }' 't'^ brvi^0i moiiiii(ptiinlib}CiJfli^&
crly parts of the ftate, there are four or five ftfiaina
trmcb have a northerly diredion, and run into the
lake Memphremagog % from thence^ through the
river St. Francis, they are emptied into the river
St. Lawrence.
Xhe moft confiderable ftreams on the weft fide of
the green mountains, are Ottercreek, Onion riveri^
the river Lamoille, and Michi0:oui.-^Ottercredk
rifes in Bromley ; runs northerly about ninety miles,
and falls into Lake Champlain at Ferrilburg ; and in
its courfe receives about fifteen fmaller flreams.
There are large falls in this river at Rutland, Pittf-
ford, Mtddlebury, and Vergennes. Between thefe
falls the current is very flow, the water is deep, and
it is navigable for the large ft boats. Veflels of any
burden may come up to the falls at Vergennes, five
Riks/fr^in its mouth. The head of this river in
Bromley
^ Bfonil^* 1^ Ktoi^ more |]iaijP^% IceC from iht liiM
of Bai^iii^iQi»lvH<^ laiiiiiiviif^^Btfkiiyrdintd^
aii# l^rfiiiB IndiaiUi Wtao#fk > It , riftf 4fi CuM.
^lOitofefaMr^eii^ mileKlo^b^weftNP^ Coaneai^at i«r-
en to#tMrl)(IiMik8 to the fi«ftx>f^f ielghtnof l^ie
green ibiontilB&t. A fmsU^foistliW^ttraiiditiifeSiin
W«AuDglidii^aii)cl Conntligj not ignore- thnx lenuiilfes
fr^teMs^^attdiipu|;ri»r«t>F^iii this M
:. wB^»i ^d^tiiiiptiesi j^fell into lifilte Cfa«iiip!iiti|^ b^-
tlreeai^ Juriii^gtoft ltii#! 0otdidi^/i > ^iiir rtvaMT 1*6-
eeiiPieislbi^^een imager l|reai]^aa#i»^m for
f ma^ vedblsi filve tnilea^fnaiiiiits diont^; It hkp Cef^
enAfM^i^httween whlch'iiii^ pttiri^tible for bo^cs.
' At^ oae <df tbdei l^lsi in : Wafeij^r^^^t ^annil of
the river betoaiet very narrow, #ad fiaffes beCw«ieft%
ly^jii^;^foiiitt;ai^e^ hii^Mtafrom^ii^^
t|l<^^dges,r th^iltil^:9f^aiid<^ fthsi^^e whole nv«r
-ii^ttiflSiisniiertit.; : ff Mroac^foaiiis^ Idad^ of 4iatti«
^li|#i«^fi^ but boe thkr caottBSverli^oi iany nfe^ jf it
iieithei^ tiHi flik^ 61 therodcj^^r the tfitmnon of the
adjfceQUg baola^: witt^ ever; a<liiiit of a rodd either to,
or overvtlus roK^« About fix miles from its mon^h,
betweenriinrltngt^n and €o]chefter^ the channel 4i
ihiiivtv^risCbrnied by k folid jrdds^ The ^drannel
through the reek, by cftimation^ i!s..#fteen rods in
length,;fifty fiiei'wide^ ati4 feventy feet; deep. : 'Eve-
ry i appearjMtice feemt to denote! that thif cfaahhel was
formed' by the water, which in this place «ould not
have; had any other paflage. — 'Onion river ts one of
thefineft ftreams in Vermont. It tuns through a
nioft fertile country^ thr produce of which for fever-
alfliiles on eachtfide-of the river, is brought: down to
theilake .at Burlington. It was along this river/ that
thelfidians formerly travelled from Canada, when
. ! they
Ilk)r msMie thtti ^llitiil fi^OA dd^^^^
The river l^aitiQlQiep'^rociB^^JiM
. jkOlig Ab<»ttl Itvetiir jilbtii^
«&«fte^ ^l»^mSyi<^#Ei^ «lthc liilMMiiifiijdiiidii i^-
#r } liid i^irf; Ihclittbii^i^ aidMM^I^ tn^
rans thi^nfli a :xMtg}h^t^:^M^^iotiia^^
Wight of ^e Iwii to A^m^^^$titii'fm^^mt:::9^t
to thft (b4thweit of theiOtigiti w the ^ec Eainiciittfcj
it $i30ii^nA ootids. |Wd» l&t ffiosteddo iH«dk>. iilv»rj
.^hich/fiir fivijHOr.^^inH«id^tni:im« dir^s^ ^^pfi*
£te to^ and il««% paimlkl.wtth thstof ijl^iii^ii'ttt'4
iQioaki lmddi(c;^ii|esit(etf la^ Mem]ilhif«f«
;:)i^.
:,vfe'i{'tf?
!■■ ■■('.I-
-l '* -ll.<
■f.->
Mkbiii^t 14 Che Hdiiut ii«Mtlil|ii! liMlilipA
:«%Tiver in ihe^iikieilt^ haa^lbli^
mm runi t»vtfy nociheaftittiitll^^it ha^ i^MTeMle
nomhUiimtQi Ytnaiil^t^MStlr rnimtiii to #itie ^
tattoii in Ckilid4 itt^cnir wtft^ M imf^0ii&l0hi
atod then reenter^ ihcv ^ace xn fittehfol^ i^ «fid%ni
isito Lake Chaixiplain at iff tchifdotii bay/io fiighi|ii.
This river W uavigaUe for the l^ufeft hOati to the
h\U at Swamo;)» feven xnilct frotm itti liiQiitht 'ift^
chifcoiii, LaixKoiilei i«hd <Oiiioik ri'i^eiv ace aeat^lof
the lame magntmidek' i V iv
OntheeaS fideof the gteeoiiMMtaiflls, Che rivers
are not (bUi^geas thofe on the weft, 6ut they are move
numerous. The largefl of them are WaataftitquA
or Weft river, Whtle river, and PooofoomruoK.'^
Wantaftitquek has its main fource in BtanAty, kbout
thrie miles foutheaft from the head of Otterorecib
ItL courfe is to the foutheaft ; it receives feven >or
eight fmaller dreams ; and after running aboift thirty
feven miles, falls into Conne£licut river at Brattitf-
borough.
nm
ier fii»ter&^ JFaM te;€N^
f^a^ the eaiierti bckitidary of .th« ftatei' ^ TRilttHif*
lli^ri^f^ Jiialiti^v^t^ live inifi^s 1^<M ^b6 liitr-
veJ^'^'Vtte iCfirft ^^^iri i^eil^te, it is aboat m
«iftiUtlif^ the cbdHW is ttittfe mUhSf:' Aft%f Vtrf^Wfe
' • • ' ( ■ • ■ ' ■ - - ■ ' . .
unpjToptr Eogliih name.
I imM
14 r^^y^J^^m¥^^^mYm
ope of tfae^^ft dji^Ms^fil^e^lKli^i^
lor j| kii0fclt <tf-ipt|>tf|irv^^i4l]^/c^
or onii ^ii4r«^i)t;|o t^^ ritf rgi ftiV ^f H*it-
mvig«irie;fif»r I^fs|4)^fck1i|p^
ct^ ti^ fallji nrl^t^ fliff l^lu^Hf^^ i^
Itrve^ to tirai»ffort.jt^ piwi^^, ,i^fit»r^rj^
inajeftic nHnrement M^rough ;an ifsi^eiiiire tnGt of
country, it if always acldtng l>ea|it^ aii4,gran^i^tir to
J9 thia a^couo^^ jmi! li^ff rs, vft?^ f^M^f^a^ifi
inay Mr a|l^<d refpettifig^leir <sp«^?arK>ns ai»^ j#iip^
«!i4*Tii<iir;fir^ operation iieqi^scd biave ^ep/ti^l^Ki
fdr thenfelves, a i^ha^i^ieJ; : fijhe htgbeii watojii %-
fcetid along 1^ .^m^Of^s^ i^U, t|||jy 4^^^
fome obftacle to Qlmi|t|# t^MMir ,«»t^i^*> . . Wptft^
, tbif obftacle m^y be, it operatea^ as a dam, and^ieit^es
to colled the #*|ersM^to a^Ai^i^pQ^d or laktt^ JEVP
..iciaiilesare coniijiijmly.t^G^ |Q^(t^|^jcp|-
le^ions : Thttm^ i$jfn^^^hyhrif^^iS9Wf^^
the waters, to tbf boUoni iif ^ijucj^ ppndst,^44l3ie
irater is coDftamijf ifiUng by JM t ^n^^mnHllMpIO'
When it is raafed »^P t^ bi^mthe wateilftil^
their paffage in elk loweft part, and begin to form a
\^ann^ ffiilfp ; and a channel thiis formed, wiU con-
-ronnty b« made nk>re and more 4eepj 'by the per-
petual running of the watd^'', 'J^^, 0p11^rdti(^tidn
inuft take place throiajgli tb;^ ;%^hofe A^^^^
er, from its ^rft rife and iWrce, to its linaliw^fai^e
into the waters^ the t>cean. , Their channels muft
at firft have been formed by their ivM;<$lr#^ which
\M^^^ 1
my tiocfi^ii _
A.
&
the ie# a^it'jbil^a^e^ fa aimr^^r. ^u th be Y^a^
W^J a«^^^ fbUtti^ at vs#b^^
iflaiids ip thcfe inftt^lei, are ^ i aifferent JbiL and
left tktt I a)ld>al% evideii% the tops of fmalf iitl^
mkUh himmn^hl^icmettd by the inunda$togg<irthe *
Mkm^ -n Tli«r|4o|i|f lfedi<iVd rurFaces ar .* {»edt|iar to
t^liilliyar tH^fcit, ^Qd tmm of the fi^^'ricfii ^:
depofit»il>liy'^iAtt«fi. vT?fe
are no«r lltt*i*aM^ WittFcafe^cH tould not fail t«^ fikva
« produce^
I
^ 'i^' .-i^^-i^: >i4. ^-'^-r^. *.-•!;-' ^■'*- -^
■tM¥m
h^mffmfi^xt J^ifewf m iW^if w^ «^
M?4vf 99m#? \%r#.^ i^w^i»ii}^^wrt
,W§». .»i>^!y 9oi«>6 <* A Uw y^tnmm to. Aikt r^
tiliiy ^Jbut'thff)r;a^fblrayt|t||eI|4^ M^^M
Ipfi in fort^c pttw PV* P^ '!>« W«r*;:i ^1 ' w » -.;'
iT^c deptl^ (^q(|^f:baimAl« frliich.><fiif.riy<^« have
^rnoiediM ,a«pends ujpoi^ 4 Wt^i^fiimmmfl^^nm \
J)^e1^t,^fe:,ql tl^e Uwl^ the d^^iivi|y t4«he;riv^r«|h0
fitufitip^, of the adJKfiiit fmttkit iHe f^«iiiit|g^:0{fiiia<<
^»ys,py the weaj^oi^pwajr (p|; ifcr f>0i^4ift^ ioine
pl4ces, and by fortping ^.t^itqg i(|| iMtfffvate l»ntdi
^ ■ . • i^ ■■
0*
0J^Ib
If I
iiliiau llm* ie^ ciNi(UE%o^^ oi^y, i^tdb^Ml^
(pmid..^ illbe i^ifoiilir notkm ^^finill lUi^ %^«ii
#ii,aNldiPMMit
m ttl|tiiiiaco»»oii'ifli
lie
j#
iti
-(!>,:'■
#
vfii'-nJiMmAL^ ik» xmn.
llfftnd1li»^^eQiMl^ Aiicllovttvi^^^it of ttatt Wa
«orflrii^|My»f,ib^^ into iMlTdtiii Mj^iOf
^iMii^iBf iif«^i> wd tiw iitit#a|«i wiOeb tii^
%lirti|)|^il»Rdl!tMl»tli« Itokalba ol^tM uKiBl
iKli(»|to^itf jiirAatt, ii tlMreiakipiiMfnlwdA
tkt tmmb ofitbo^liilirMl^ kb^Mfr tiifii# w- liiiib^
m4km^fttriffa.9i Up Jiean. i • lolr.ftiii4tiiw^>«it
iwfhirttfc; nwtww tht mpifh of dieliiie^^wr^Mifi^^
fl«t^ (^ Ifeinoa tieeeffiu^ to ptocbiie .(iMsbta cf^
HMM^ fix tbouTMidi^^ctio.i' IBot if 41 Mi Idbi^
of oiNOMbHioii; t^ ibtat wbiiib.M 9ffuitj$;ypBillfi^
■toflett^ch ifufiicteor cehaintjr or )iitoml,'t«:i Ivikvli
«f loiiaicd %rif1lrlli« jcoDdtifioo.«*«»ThoilMb''of tlio
i4v«ri ii|ite.^lie folkl irocb* feew totNliio^i(no«ii^
HgOloniftAitaifbmi. Tbenr abefitMiioitipiitllii^
OQ#iiiHM)rjtairt of AiumpBi mkM i$k0.m0»^hm
UmmmmAy to«ii|ig ovtr Ailblid'ildf i^ifMiif
oftff iiof lie c(k»iuiflt! of tbc ifvenr v«f<»4cft#rMM
odL If /WO fcMir fromtftOtrvafilQli, kW miteK ittdi>
rocki
r
I lte^0n|t^ »» Unglli from Fairhaveo to $t, |oMw
» 1«#. IiMS of eimitf vik V AH tbe Areiant,^yNHib
froiD4he province of Canada. It h pfabalOftiihii
tinn irMdi flow into %\mmJBt M^ymmUmHmm^
^mm9m9 nnd ^cjueiiave* p ihofe^n MM«aft. ,;Tte
.Wfi»4>|ii«forf,^fr^ jh^^^ UNi Chanil^llie Ji
.fMrp|t4^ft l<l^«olU^EM --rffrfiifliililL
^^Y|^«r^iK»«^itlMi9 <^ wtok ilalteilfiiirtili:
K*
#liN«ifiMil|q|iW
BisrSI^ Of yi^Md 3^
ybett^djleofjaumarjr^. Bekwe^ the 6th iAd tl^
i^bf April, theide gentrtAlf ffof* off) audit i*
lioc iincomnioii folt mMy (^ualrft nukf of it^ td dif*
iBpeir in one day*
The north Ifilp of Veiboiit palei fl^ef the (butfit
bart of the lake Memphremagog. Th& lakeiia^
bout Forty milet in length, and two Or thtee milM
wide. It liei chie^y in the proVihce of Canadji; amdl
hit h iioilthtHy; direcHon.* l;he riVer Sr. Fnxki^
fonni •; tdmmiaiiiication betwteh Ithe laldeiiieniphre*
iHagf^ind the ifirerSt. Lawreiifce. Round thii
lake^ thtlie is a rich foil^ and a fine level counti^.
large and ekMnflVe craieka or opamnga will fiiddenly talu |4iiM*
iTheCa ttacka ih th« iea, ganiraUy niii in ao oblft|u«'dimtott«
from ona cape ^ anocheri ^d often to the <liftance^f ten^
nfteeh mUea. Sometiaiea the iee will fefNirate on each, fidib
to tfce dtftance of five ir fik feet i a^ cnher ttmea it wQl Up
bver, or m<vfe toaknonty be thi«#n ik|^ in ridgia four or ifi
ftet hi|li t and it ia oflMn broken iftMrfievea of two tfr tki^
iheldiamater,alifoundtlieedge<. Theft <^>eainga often oro#ii
dangeroua to. the trayelier. Twf feam to be produeedi ht
the occafion^ rile and fall of the waten^ in the lake } whiah
it they baitnot r^nove, muft operate lo etevati6 and dejirefa*
tad thua to bend and break, the ekteaftvi ahd folill body of
ice» which aauft hav^ afliimed die fpherical fnnB, whiek lip
Irateni haid mrheil ihiy were ir^ frosen*
H
CHAP.
jSvJite:r.t'^:>abi^i'%^|»ir-K?;»jj tf-li+i? ,*]?<.,.'• -*W«"
Vi*Y'--t^' ■'■■-■-■■.■■■**• "t ■. ■ .
.r« ■
;'»v^» m.-THC':
2- f
.«iil!i^¥«M09 of Mio^coiiairfytlM^MVslioo ntw pll>f«
'•bov44iui alJMGvilc )and«, m4 its fxoiKim^y tO'^e
«Mi iii««<r b(»»:mlivaied : Au MTgti part of tb^ U9P>
^^M iMg«.of iiiKoSiltiiinsj niidr fefglMf thm tbe^ ai-
^ <k|iy £6 dii4 Biih jr^4 ai^ ^t|r mites jfrpmtBe dc^»^.
Th» meft cominefir tnetliMl of dfireraiiiiBg' Qie
#lM»ii ^9%t%6 of heM wbfch p^bvatls in my part of
the earth, is by tbdiitf oid^ttifc&l olrtbt^aitibhir. ftt Ifie
years 1789, 90* 91, 1 made a courfe of meteorologies
«1 obfervationit at Rutland, about the latitude of
43<^ 301. The greaUft height of Farenheit's ther-
snometer during that perioo» was «|*|, on July 131
1791. The leaft height was ijf KIqw o, on De-
cember 10, 1790. Thefe mav ht efteemed as
m$sr tki iMPtrnti of heat and oolo, hi this climate.
The wn^n hist, deduced from the whole number of |
cbfervatioos, was 43*>t*
The temperature of the climate may alfo be de-
termined hy obfervations of ihe heat which pre-
<^airs ill 'de%p welJs and fprings. The heat of thej
atmofphere,
loe beat in Ittidiiusr, or hy tile tofi
^»\9
tfaf Umt air th(e tmntmwar^tp^W'i^^ clttnate ;
of th$ i|iean heat'of the atwbfpbefe, in that place.
this place, it eitti^iclte tmM mUb^mmi heat of the
4ilmd^ei«.^ <l^ve tepcb^edljit t^ailiiileilthft: ten^
pemtnirf <f thei^^ttet iii«i«rfi||l n^sai^^Ise Stite Bm0^
%r iellii»aliod( fN)^ £v« f M >n 4c|iit^ a94 i li««^ H^
#a)til4iidd tki:ftf!*b£t<f|lt4rT i^4t any wmM6tt
kk llillflWi^%rt[^tf»»/^^1/^p» ^-^^ ." ■ ' . '^;:i
tiMf ^b^naon dtt^ati^oi eiTilMu^vlM re^etiillll ai^
MiUNil brtxliialo^Si The ibUttet ii#»fi,cbe ui#»i^
llaiH^fiil fonA^il^r bitiU^^wes^ #o^eft, and 4i|lt;
or
nefticttt, to Burlington upoirOiAion river, I made the lb*U)ir.
Jiii«bC^ft«iont.«(nMi8[t6m|Mnt^ar« ipf tlte> >iif|)ft« i«|tf|j|a
fiay fv^^tpM <haV MIlWW n^n^'^t ii«at €lecr«afet i%^M«
f^aii0J«^ar4^>tl»i^f)!^ Ui,a fff»i»tiT but lUtl« fuUtv^ted.
;, ' I I>«pth by 9t I Temwift-
^ ^Ai»». ' 'j ' . I -jtimiMifeftB. I attirti
Mbwhf)^n» Pi^e/Am't ibtUi. 1 '. i !^offlet 49?^
|ockbria||By TfV SMrdt^, ij * 60 .
Iiitfittld, StraHg't Ikitfi 40 4ff
TinmoutM/! 7Mr«ilfUr#<i(M^i»f', JSix i44:
filtltailiK: . ! Mitat^Jmrnt . 145 4i|^^
Bivlinfton; Kites' thn^ 8& 4ft "
«<d in ^ ^hth th6 birds of patfj^^,^l6r'Bihet m^loi
nr^n&als, MldL« their af»|>Vblith cn^deprcttm ;'; dii
J6rvati0i£k ^h'fttch pile^bmc&i^'are ap^ajr ti^
ieii b^fervattoiit we cab eveir lUve/tb arc^^iS tH
xelacive'niypera^ur^ of diffeteiit diotiate^. Reti^«
ring tbofc Which relai^e to the intgratioh of aahiiaii^
ib tliie de^ption of^ the Hrd$; o^e or^^lrd '^all
tablets Will fefVe b give lit a VieW ot ^e tMtfii, lirhci
^itfete^t vegetables pro4uce their ftmt^ in thii'pat|
of thccontinefat' ' -*^ '* ''" -^^'"^ ' - ' '•■^•^'^^^•*f*
l^etaadShndts. Budt. ■ Learcf*
Jf Ider, " April 5 April 1 1
Ooofebeny, , Av^ 8 April to
Currai^ti A^ril, ;6ApiJl 16
l^afpheri^y, 'April 6 Aprii ijt.
$fra^bei^, Apri^ ao A^iril tA
Wild Chefrvi AprU so April s»
WiW Plumb,
Apple Tree»
April 20 May 4
April a,a ^(Iax 1,
T A B. L a
J'UHC; 1
May
May 1,
May 27
May ^
May 4
May »
II.
Maturitj^
y 9 y»ty«o
July i
uneaf
Aug.M
J
I^edt Mid f raitf*
ria*, • ' '"
Spring Wheat^
Winter Wheats
Oat?,
l^eaS,
Ry<5.
I'ndian Corp.
Sows.
April x6
April i'5
Sept. 1
April 20
A^pril 16
April 2Q
Aug. 2b
■•■i
May 30*
May 26
May ad
Jiiqe io
May 15 IJuJy 12
Aug.
A^.
Aug.
Aug. 2Q
't
28
t
10
uly
-»*^y
July
•' The
Itfe Mftsi ir h^fleft p^^^
high^ind whien tbe laniis are but ^lf^V|$^^#N^
Wet ^m' tm^'m^im^^'f^^^
iiii;l:li more fo tisan th^y ai^ itt lfi|bei>,M^
upon the faiils; The firfl efPeiEb M th« Rbft^arrii^
Cuffi^cient to. freeze; the leaves of the treef^ ^^ 0th^
veget^lesi' tl^ t^'ktli^'avails^l^f l(^ i^
thefe ar&W'l^<^ft WKei^ the fi^'«lR^lSPc)f tlil
froff^ Appeal^ %Mh(ighwirif ferircis^^topTii^fll^
effed$, t^ carrying off the dew and va|^fs •' aiid%
|og detains the heat in amazing auatititie% and pre«
yents its flowing off from the (urface of the earth, d«
ther To rapidly, or in fuch quantities, as to occaioti
afroft.
IHlhpfe places where the earth is pot covered wl$h
(no#|i^froi^ penetrates feveral fett below the furface.
In the winter of 1 789 t^ere was but little fnow at Rut-
land ; and the furface of the earth was frozen almoft
ihe whole winter. On March the 19th the ground W4(|
frozen to the depth of three feet and eight inches. Th^
^ce in the lakes and (lagnant waters, is generally froieii
in the courfe of the winter^ about thirty inches thick 1
ip the rivers and llreams it is about twenty four { and
COmnAonly goes off the laft week in March.
The
ea.
«Pft
f*|i^^fW^^*3
iip4 r»Mf9 9^wii Fwi»» #f *f?. vir¥«^;iffr
4t
'i I
*i
*-3
-;^ Sifl ];»-t:
't ::t :t>
.IKvil
i «»
-,?•.;
.)V*5*iX0ii
<)
^ -i f|Q"*i «'bHiri ;^1:)-'l) y<»,. ;:<!l^ii^' :'\.f^^?¥i-it^.fli; ,irtiii»| ^
\%
\%nm '.' 1^1 pJi'i main ifew* liit.'fc
'I m^
u
nwuHjHi iiiWii^irrtriUrf
Jll
.l.'','i '
I till iiilMwi
'i^mim^KtdmJuamt^tmtiiitiim
I
TP*
.i
5j %. »-»»
4 *Hi NjkfWft^ 4«l»
If he winds m Northatneriea nceiVe their gebctil
(lireQion Irom the fituatiotn oC t||t iea coalb» roonil-
tttiif, an^ fivers. iThefeare terj^ ibitchffn>fi ihd
f^^irte^ iioii)hc»fft.v tfa^ noftcprevaJe^t Of 0ur
' ii^taff^ m^tllei^pii'iiUeL.witfc} :ioi& jjefpeiijaicolfl' to
eaft; f<kth#eft| «nd-4i€»r(h#eaV -4Uii| ftht^ om
:.V.l»lfjof|th< yii|(^.whi9^ dn^ng jbhejyeaf, ;OTe
t ^r <^o« tllttt ii}tiartisr 4<rlikh4ies tuetireen thr, $gipfchwe(t
|i,^» and elj|(iuB» Thefe winds' apwa^s 'be-
hcf 'fe« coaft. ;iThQ(e from, the fodth J«id
lite tnibfei^ri^iboifL and rdaxi^^ The
Jp9ftmj|r, #inds ^feUom. eiltend lo Tar froiii ihiP lea
||l9|iR,^ yfrmonti' They notpiiiy lofe th<|ir diftref-
l^chUlanii daoil^ilers, as tney advance into the
^«^ir^r^ resch (b far as C«nneais
tstt'iiv^r |r and th^ are uokoowa on the welL fide
M ilie krQe^^ita0UtotaittS.<^i^-^Th<iS i^inds l|ein tb ob-
serve ^^iiething like n tegtiUr dNtrfei > dturiiig the
dfy*. j iAjt;^(jE|hn£i the^ generidlv feeins^td be a
mmti llMUiteven or «i|ht p|elo<% the w^^ b^-
Sln tci riTey w^<;h at. nine or ten becomes ii freih
reezci: and increafes until one or two o'doch^ Froni
>.l
^5 i«.
- «■-■*:•■?►
ibdiilt ,three or fourg the wind decreafes until: #ight or
hisieiHiJhfijgYgni^ i when. U agniii becomei cal^^
and cpn^nues thus through the night; This gen^
ers^ Ki(jiutine ^ems tQ be obfcryed more generally in
tb« U^ter part of' winter, and iti the fpring, tbun at
otjberltifil^es of the year. But there are times in
thofe feafohs of the year, when the wind rages With-
out thudh ifitermiffion for two or thr^e d^ys to*
tether.' vr.*'
A gedef al tUbp -S their dirediofis at different
places upfun the contij^ent, will giv^ the bell view^
df ;th€ir comparative dourfitis^
tti
*
W*
6*
■tiX nArtmi^'WWl&
>4
whicl
The quantity of rain whi
in NortbametSfia^lft i^KU
liave been s^rar, q|jM>«^ i
^ ttofe places
have been p^^P^ t^^Scllf'f^Mte ^ ^d»i|han
doublJs to thlfeiyhich ^liesralljt t^ lat> « ?
itudc in %\ao^^7WS^^^W^ »«mnl fot»«hts, t
without rup{]^{ph^ ^e^lk^iife %it^^ of Ak ^
mcricay inppiy a, I^rgcrr qiianlf^lpf jrattir folf the
formation ofdovbdlL uisr^ ''iS&^^^ihi(k ^o^Vate^ ebsn*
tries pf EuropA.^l:^^fp^
ever« ruffer it^xi^^^^ ,^w5^K^^ ftl-
dotn the cafe th!^<^tiil:^'ri{^rin^ natntal^
\y ipblftyythe ;|iiountajnt ^TO^j^^^ft ^^ retttlaf'
rains, aiii ^hcJbealr' (!f^t|($^ ai
fud<%^ to ^^^^Mmm^i^^"^^^
or parcp the land. c^Xhc^^ikindSrf^btnervationff will
be redutc;^ tb th6;Miriajkft\iM the
moft, complete^ jCQJi^m^^YS €#* by eihibiting them
in the fprm of 41 gencrarl^«CcL ^-
— "K-
O
*«••■?
-^ h* »^ ^ ,
-J - ! .
•,J
■• J^ ^- • . •-
l/,c ^ ' J fr^ ti ^;
\s
-1
TIf
^
'rk <•
ftj!;g^«:i«?^cg^^
l4-4
***■
-W>'^«0'^^-.ianii* t< to ^. tto US tK
»,..,
i^ 'i
' I , I . •
M
During
w
\
THE
*#
"*r
K
AL AND
pll
m
nil-
i*
^uUmljion^ t% earth bni»^e||Ir^^
£Beii^l46-hav«4a]^ea.pUce^ ^ thft^lnfitiir comgluiii^'
<:alc^ ^oith^ci^iiji Cpngtie qitrout CaUsQriei^i<:pUQgl|]b^ ^
^■).
«alcj|rioj^a ear^b, 6|ve grains of an oily fublMo
iiup gr^ini of ^liae master. Tbe Ur\\^
of fi]|d«r^:caiuiortheref6re be derive^ fif<
iytp gr^ini of £iUae master. Tbe fer^ilffiing tfvm
of fnjdvr/caiLnortherefdre be derive^ fifonr sipj ' '
trouf jTaks^wtiioli :i| receives ojr ^n^i\ri$ Whefi it iiir
ffdf
a^y ^^
iJi
lalUilg itbrbjagb ^bjB #emofp^w^^^ : i St2|>e^ng [ ife; -
' cartb, Jan. 30, i/f ti^ t^ an' 'bbtVl^etfl covered wikl^
grafs, I co!lQ£le4 4ks much ot (he fnow which Ity
jjiext to the earth, as produced fix gaIk>Di of water.
This fnow fpread over an area*t)f (ixteen f(}uaf^ feet^
fnd had lain upon the. ground fifty nine days* Upon
evaporating the water ther^ was not more (aline mat*
%tcr, iA calcarious earth, than in the former experi-
mf bt : but a much larger quantity of pily fubflaoce.
7h6 Q^ was p( c^ dark brown colour, not inflamma*)
w
• f
iiiuite
5 ♦vatl, t**
4 4?W]I' -
aftl|ftiN
grfhisoi
ing eff<a
[veredwfth,
of virater, ,
s, Upon»
aline mat-
er experi-
(ubftaocc.
iaflan)fna<^
We*
ufe d^^tng tUe vrinter autnthi i 'or tather, from the
'6^t4^'t«LtK^ 4egVee f^fiif d^radoti of the c6M; The
thoif^i ^fdrySiich tkpitvtni thli. By cohering
9V^r ^e'^iu^face of thp grotind a coiifiderabl^e dtfpth,
^ *o
■'■.-
W.r
i.
«^#^!H§- f^^fi-
Id
l»Wr
^^imiites. 0tfiFereiit degrees pif beat are neceual^j^B
;ife #ff«^'^»fW WJtfowkh 9C|8)^rei,t;i«|^^.
jj^fes. JSfDttfi pf ^^jiem grow, Hf}ie>^ they ar«|jfr<j|rfni
'ip^Umoft of l^m wi^l periOi when the qptd i| ffief-
irpots ii ve^ ievei^» , A thick iriveriM of %«rw
fOois ,pr i*c vjgctablea ijrc jpi;ef<r:^e«,
warm, Tbe|noif 19 cpntipuallj^ nielnngat tqe lu.
'face of the earth : It roorftehs^ aiid eprijcpe« jt!be foil 1
jkeeps oflF ^e froft ahd wind, and pr^ye|l^& a!^.>e!^ap-
cration f ron< the (urface of the ; Vaf|h* ..^f . je|j|th
$hiis pierared by b^at |ind mojUure, and t coUe£fio|i
^ikni^ emviM, li^in f fitiye^f^ t$aft;i^l;n a^
rapid vegtf a^ion» whichl .cak^t plUcie in m .^^ cU-
liiAtes^ imihodtiMfly upon itoe.meUmg of (he jjiowf.
^6i?^^V**S^N'K -- ^
4 ;?•-' .
CA'rri ■■':.!*. i**-|'
the cafti^m^ "^
aie'
arct
Atl'*
Irtit
, CJlCCtlt
Ind itditlH
iriittei|,lMit
^ liifch
p^ltttbef
In tiMl
ddib of tile dati
e titiglitft iMai^.
jttber.lreliave
^eiyiwifttlkrturifa
ii}«p$iB^,li|t^fiddl with I ^ .
%^r tubntbi^ttr^rSaTfiir j[
a^biftttied. TliiKW&ii irr
andlfoiitbweft t -the heat in
i% tMm very ii^|t]jd^^U^
SuCblter cool ^iSlLi^SiGa
S«»teinber, ttatiJb^ib&jniiMl^.qf
coiMMy th« ioft %^iai)r& le|fo«|^h iDoamM
w^^pM^ windSi^a^A-clcai^ikW ~[']%r1atter {Mtt of
Oi^lbr and K^viJq^.lKrrseliefaUyjcOld, wet and
uncomfortable <i^lRefidied*^wt^ Irtqueiat rains, fonw
fnow and high wtedi; f 7; • - ' ;
^l^bttnder andbli|htnfiif^arefioiii^irin thte montha
of May, June/|«U^ aiSd^uMift i but ieldom in the
ether months/ - -The Aii>ol3 Borealii: it tbt moll
common in the;j:itto^hA Of j^ireh, aejptembcr and
0€^ober i butt^ i$ not u^oi^l al othjer timet of the
year. - Heavy juid. longjOtOTAi* ff fnoiir, or rain, are
fcarcely ever known : But (ii|dcle^ and y-iolent whirl-
winds or hurricanes fometim^s af ife, itfid do much
damage in the tall ; bptVe fcldohi recei«^e any in*
jurv from the tiaih-;;-- Annual courfet of meteoroloe*
ical obfervatiot)! properly rednced, will afford the
md(l completejinformiition of the w6ither» and me*
teort, in the dSerettt parts oif N^thtffiberica.
"'--•• fki
■ *».
/w,
si
>i:fitl'C
Ur;-^
['Mifff#»S*'
m0i
^.v*.,-.,,...J#?l,...
«?f «^V*«'^fl^3»«f )% '^^s ^ life ^'^fl* / Tim
Se ib0 .£iqd$«Jti^ ^roa4^ liieepi^^^rp dry aiid htitdi
-.r-.' nT-qTi_7T---rr-5^-.-i-.-----rir«'r--T» "-r— r^T.-r-!— "■-^— ^~,-J^T
w ** 1l?i "1^* '^ (^ f ^aWlf «w* wa^eri are d|iTJjM|
rfiusT^ n«ipbj|t, jn^^^W^iiti^j^ 4 tile fti^lr* 4#t
krcafcjs tbe wimMf, ^JBQBive nfiif ^eauont^, aiidi ikp
jelleraUy obfel-vcd, i$ an alteration in the tempera-
ture. ,,Til«,cald ^ rlie.%f^i;^|Bim deofafe rti» i^era
^re not frozen To foon^ Co thifck^ otr f^ hHkg^ a» iltty
[ormerly were I Bnd the^t^afjijiUnmt tofS, in
Wery refpea, appeav ^6 he diii^itiillied. ^ rciijfri-
H abl»
^■.
6» V 11,1 NA'^^RAt A»B (Jiyit
itiie cb»lige of thismnd« lias been oKemd tit aHl
«b6^ the mmi of ^teittbeV !^ %1^^^ 'It
%ii^ a6#cotittnjD|i1y ix>^de<l wifcliibi^^ until tibfirl
^de#!«i r^fi e^ the ids in ll^fok^' riVe^:
*St» LawftiKsc, «t ^mkeim^ y'^ fmi^M
^ftbtbof Noveni^be^^nar ft^fle, tlr^ li|ei>r W
:tte«^r fM in thai ptaii^ before. ' t1& ice bail eov4
erecTtbe riter on the 13th and i^tfa of^ liftiveniberj
but wai carried off by a rndden^haw."|| The rivi
is not frozen over no^ nmil (he Utter ehd ;of 'Dc«
vembei^ br tlie begtniainf 6f jf M^^^Q^ ICIkaiitieotl
|ieo|>le lit iQiiebec, in, ! ]7l9» infornjed Mh l^ftltifj
that the winters in Canada' Were formtfiljr lo^cl
tolder, than fhey #ere then.J Sinatiar pbftr^llbni
bavebeen tjiade in alm6ft ertty nait of j^Joitfa^erti
ea, where fettlement^ and <giltivationhavetiikCTl j^laoe,
AJthou^h the general "effb^ has been every whtn\
ifiparent, it is not a^ eafy thiteff t6 ^ftertaln the di-?
free, to Which the temtieratnrelias changed, .'n anji
iMrticnTar place.' Wnen obr sin^c^Ki's fir^' eatni
into America, thermohieter^ we^ not invientedl
And they have aot left us ahy^icciit^teineteorjoM
ical reniiirks orobfervations^ froni} Which ^tkn'de*!
termine the exaft' degree of cold^ which pi'evailed inl
their times. Upon loQkiiig over the moft ancieotl
writers of Newengland, the only atcotint t hav<[
..i . ■ ■ ■ • ^ ;; • \f<!^iid,
• Newengliind'i Ptofpca, tty W. Woedl j wrota In 1 633^ p. 4J
,,i,Kalm>Tr«vela, Vol. I. ft. 4<o.
' Smile's Hiftory of Newybrk.
Voyages to Northamerica, p. i6c.
Kalra^i TwveU, Vol. lUp. i%u
w.
l-;!f»'''i.Li
m4:
ci{ioil inii'j
jriiMf H _
>rai
:N^s*flt*^f«pw^
itm^
2t^
t|i^ii^^«;^f», the b^iliQiiK Jb^
TbiM^^c ?#9HWf *^!»? m^» ^'
ice billiiiie#xecl and p««<i|iai|ctt9Qp fi^bvmrxmtSn^
that tiaiib I |(mii<l tHe^lo^eft' 9^^ ^ v¥#r«^^>
aS*? I afljd iii<p mean htaitri|^|t;j0%fr|e fiia^y be tpr^-
fumed tNrflbre,^ that j thip^ freezing | Qfr,f ne, bay i of
Nv^ch \y09d (pfakt, fotild not hav# twin plaGf^^r .
coiitiottcjd.io aleifdfigra^qf heat i^ian^ithif. > This
will givcj uijig degrees ol;#arenbe|^> tlierQiJ9#»t«^
as the mean, heat which took place iduiciog eight or
ten wee^s qi the winter^ To £ir backasthe vear (630.
By the met0orological ^pbfervations which I iiia.4b
in therlintfserfiiy ikt CatnMdge forfevwn years» from
1780 to 17^, I fouiid tMe mean heat in the ttioiitli
of December was »9^j4' 1 .in Jami^y it was i8° (' 1
; - ' " -^ . '• and
2 Wood's Prorpeaip. ^^ i
••A
?|:
r
mi
jf#Ji(*
i^iriii^kU^lte^^ i£t^ fifty
rr*»i^»i In i(; 1^1 iJti^ii^ feli: viM Wt
% Sj^^di^^avm^ ni^de hit thcrifM^'
4 cd
f
3
Bft(lmr«,
*>
is: .•
%
ST
3
13t
3, .;:
**
5^1 : >.';\^-|iq.-
49. J - d
*Y «?!, yp^jjT. ^
: cffie6l of, cultiv«tiaii nidi rejtrd 10 ^e
BtM^be
:iT
i^Biy^i^^iS«Spi^
■*
E iirampiu an dccdihc sum
i^mmm^^m^%^^.^m^
',*•
«: vTiii NAttntAL AND civk;
ilk m #"»» f »? *»?' d^* I F«c«« • ,^m
three iM»!i>!l Mud fUW M|i«|t>«>IHim:(if >«|Me<t
of fix, €%bt linief Jvi mvixi^ Wter I jhf>ip( the iuilf^
of tl^jsi <lilrm; M #o«ad have been dif^fed m iti
ttucuUivited
* '
dent cilltV«IJ^d pMif^ tiin^bAm^,
fnoif for tncure than; ftbr«e mootha '(^^I^S
bcftn
caniberi
Mattb. -, ,-,-^^ — ,-,-^ ^
ik 6f fb li&bff ebntintiiahi^I h tm -Utr^ ^Matr%
to <btf abating: (Or tathet i!te ti^^ifHadi^t^t'^
, Jt£mnef Of tHe Tea coall. , H4f a i»P<9arit
a^;' ^fa^ eaftWKh^ ^itids (|ldoto readM^^ m^t^ ^ ^
Mtty br'Wfy faiiek fiiom m fn Ihdr^^f *ttcy haVit
»;*;
p
As tne £otintry Becomes fettled and cleared, |^hc|r
f^^pvit \1i3^^ihla cyeiilt Js ;<)i^l^S ,|Q w^ ^^p^^f\^J^$
diRivi^oti'ofthe d^jiinlti^,^*^ 'a^^^ arc: cu^t
iidfrlit '^t ear^ aiia atmpfphe^^ '^^2% '?I^S^'^'P^%
iiduntiy jbji^^^ qbbjre, rattled ^nd aearef!. It r^ grpj-
t1)lclrtiere winds will c6ntini(iq fp iiJVancc^
loiirards. tb.^ wen. . '., ..^.j,..,, ^^^ ., - ^^ .'^ ^ ., ,, .-
Thc'fiiine caiuf^s wjiricn ^tp^oc^ a ciia^^
lieatoVjIie earth, in its ^^etbefi, in .tl^fJfnoW ^\ia
W^. Wdl piWu^l^j^rMt a cbanw fhc li^l^ther
and, feaions. Wnile the Kate p)^ a. 0UQtr|r , remai^^
^nattercd^ thtgenkiii conrle and sii^arance of ^9^
iuirewili be i^b^ fWc* f>^<^, ?S^i^^ ^^ .^^f^^^/^
j^ijiimcf and wihtet, tpHipg an^l laM* tbe prqKlvi(ttiop;j
bifthe ear^b^ ^he i^a^e ^ tbe air afnd, weatber»jWiH Be
ifiibjt£l tb but.li£^Ie.. annuar^ipaij^'ib or cbangc*
iut when the iirhole face and naftie oLa^ country firi^
thJaiiging, the weather and fearons-.win dlfo, clianj^t
with tbem.f^t^fs is^h tyttit that has Already tal^eii
j>tace ih tjbe^mof^ ancient and cultivate parts t>f A-
inerka. IV^beh pur anceltbrs iBrA ciiine f nto 1^eW«
^togland, th^ feafbns audi Weathet* were uniforip anq
regular, 'the winter fet in afk^Ht che^ beki^ninff of
December, old ^vle* and codtinue<l uhtil tneinBiddM
O^ (February. Puring tnat time t^e weather wp'^
ienerally fair, and cold, an^ Witnoiit mucb cHange^
Towards the end of ^eibruary. the wmter geueiranyr
broke up. tV'heVi the Tptmg tatne on, ii . tame on
at otiCe ; without repcafted and fudden changes frotxi
neat^ to cold, and I rem cold ro heat. , The fummcf
tiras extremely hot and fultry, for a month or fix
iiecIU I but it was of a Ihort duration. The autumn
' \ ^ : commenced
commeDped alxmt the begmniDg of September | ai|d.r
the harveli of all kinds wa^ gatliere<d by tfie ead fj
that iDontb,*^A veiy diflFereot fiate of Uiia^ fioir ^ ^
takes place, in all tbat part of Newen^land, jKbich
has been lotigfeUled.Tli9 feaf^ns are imiilb icD«|^r ^
cd, and the weather is bdxime mdfire variable In^
uncertain. The wiatev is intemiixed with 4(reat
and fudden thaws, and is becoiqe ibuch (horter.
The change! of weather and temperature, t^pt gre^it
and common in the fpring i and at that feafon therd
is generaUf jA tmfortnnate fln^nation between hett
and cold. Jready unfavoorible . to ' vegetation, and ,
th^ fmili of Ibi^ wrth. The toimeri arebcciome^^
more moderate in refpef^ to the eJttreme hea|uRf a
few weckd i but they are of a much longer duntion.
The autumn commences, and ends, much later tham
formerly : The harveft is not fi^ilbed until the firft
week orKovdmber j ax^d the fcivetitv of wintir doea
not cobiknohly take place,' ^ftHl the latter 4^i.f^''
Decefnb^i-;' But tl^ Whofe courfe of the weather 2a
betome ihOre fmeiet'tiiid, ^rifble iind ffudua^ttog
than it was in tHe liiifcultivatid (late of the counti'y.
It is in thefe particulars, th6 change that has tak«
en place in the heat' Of the earith, in its wetnefs, in
the fiiow, winds, weather and (kkfoni, that th4i:chahg#
ofdifiiatein Korthiim^HCa has^^rinclpairy spear-
ed. Thit this change of diin'ate is i^ttchconneQe'd
with, atid greatl;]|r accelerated bjr'the cutdVation o^
the tountry, canhdt be doubtira. But whether thi|
caufe is foffictent to account for all the phenomenji^
which have attended the changi^ 6f climate in the
various parts of the earthy feemi to be uncertain. '
a H A P.
r
«4fr.
m
\k KATEJRAL mis CIVIL
•:^-
-J.t
R H.A'?. ■••v.:
f -^
V1.0BTABLX Pftoi>v€tioiis.— "Ftff^fVriiRii $Mm/
Nitmher, Agi, mapwaihth EmiJlii»€f AI^^HHt\
n
pofleOion of NorthMqerica^ i^ wjiBone c99MW^4 Cqf-
f f|, the nreatcd: i^pon ih^ ear^^ , T]l^e coi^it^ W9|i
cv^'ry where coivere4 with Wfm9« W planted by the
haqd of Qiait ; l^t deriye4 fromi Mid ancient ai the
Sowenof nature. T^ S^o^t variety of plants and
owers, the immenfe nvunberi^ dim^nqonSr ^i\
kinds cjf trees, whi^ fpre^d ovef >the hills, vM^^y^
and nioantaini, preftnted to the eye, a ii^li.n^ag*
nificent andboundlels profpefiL t|ii? is ^Ulo^
cafe with the uncultivated parts of the country.
Much the laff eft part or Verqiopt is yet ip thp
ftate, in which nature placed it. Vncuftivated by
* the hand of man, it prefents to our view a vaft traa
of woods, abounding with trees, plants, and flowers^
almoft infinite in number, and or the moft various j
ipccics and kinds. It would be the employment of
many yean, to form a complete catalogue of them.
1 fhail not attempt to enumerate any, but thofe
which are the moft common and ufcful.
, FOREST
«.; •■ ^ ■*■ «
HISTORY Off 1^l5toN3^ 6j^
FOREST ^ REE Si .
The TrIBs which are the moft Isffii slid cdm^*
mon aretfae \
White pine; 1?Mj>>*iW.
Yellow pine. Finns pints.
Pitch pine. Pww /rf^<».
Larch. Pinns larix,
Htmlock. Pinm abiit, .
Fir. hiksha^mH.
White maple, ^.f^ negund^.
Red maple. Acef' rnhrnm.
Black maple. Axtr Jntik^imm,
'SlSftS'" } ^"-/^""•""-
White aflu Fr4xinnt txul^r.
Black afli. Ftixinnsaintrttans. i
White birch. BmU alba.
Blade birch. St/nla nigra.
Red «r yellow birch. Mttuia UutUp
Alden BitnU ahnu ^
Red elm."' } Ulmns ammcana.
Black oak.' ^iriainlita, :
White oak. ^ircns alha.
Red oak. ^ircns rubra,
Chefaut oak. ^irens prinns.
White hiccory, or Walnut. Jnglans alba,
Shagbark. Jnglans alba, i^rtia fquamofo.
Butternut Juglans alba, cortice fOtbartita,
Chefnut. Fagns cajlama,
Buttonwood. Planfanus itddentalis^
Baffwood, tr lime tree, tilia americana.
Hornbeam. Carpinnt bitnlns, .
Wild
,v>-
m riu NATURAL and CIVIL
Wild cherry, feyeral fpecies.
Safl^fras. Ijuaru$ fap^as.
V/bite cedan tbtja icddentalh.
Red cedn. Jmiip0rMf9ii%inraMSi
White poplar, tr Afpen. Populus inmh*^,
Black {:S>plar, #r Balfam. . P^uliu lUgra^ , ;
RedwUlow. Stiix. /^
White willow. SsOm alka.
Hackmatack.
ESCULENti , . . •
The following are fmall trees/ (hfubs, or vfoes» vaU
vaUeon account of their falubrious «Qd pteafanfr
fruit. .
Primus ^IveJIris.
Cita/ui fihtfrn.
Red plumb. "^
Yellow plumb. ^
Thorn plumb.
Blatk cherry
Red cherry
Choke cherr
Juniper. 'funiperus/aHnm. ,
liaadenut. Ctrylus avtlhns*
Blackcurrant. Ribts nigrtm.
Wild goofeberry. Rihtt gloJuUriai ^
Whortleberry, i
Chokeberry. J
Partridgeberry. Arhnlus viriMu
Pigeonberry. Cijfiu,
Barberry* Birkerit VMlgarh*
Mulberry. M^us nigr&i
Black grape. Vitis Ubrufta.
Fox grape. Filis vuipiua.
Black rafnberry. Ruhiis id^tus*
Red rafpherry. RubHS unUenfis,
Upright blackberry. Ruhns fruticojus
Running
HISTORY t^f'feEftll^i^ #
r
Running blackberiTl E^sH^^emim k^ ^
Brambleberry. i?«jli^|*#ifi«»«/^^
Bum cxllhtxry. f \f'^^^^^^^ cju
Strawberry. I^agariavtfcWt-'flH-'"^):'^'
Dewberry, Ruhus itefius, -^ 'i "li' '
Goudberry. i{«^«/ tham^emorus. 'y, -^ J 7/
Thcfc fruits are in great ^btindance In tKe «liRCil«
tivated parts of the country • but ehe^ fjseai to ar*^
rive to their higheft pertedion of nombers, inagi44
tude, and richnefs, in the new fietdlknd platitatiotiil^
There are other vegetablibwkic^ ar4 alfb ^vlirx^
and valuable, chiefly on sMOCOuiit of ikeir r69Uk ^
fieds. Among thefe arc th^
Artichoke. Melianihus ttthirt/ai.
Ground nut. GUpnf afm,
WUdleek. -» -
Wild onion.
Wild oat. Zizania aguMmf ^ . ^
Wild pea.
Wil4 liQp. ; HumuJushipulMt^i «
Indian cucombcr. ilWriy/tf^
!•■' ^i^'-
MED If C LN At.
Many of ia^ Vegetables which arie i.ndi^[dnoQiio
kpait of America, are apt>lied to medlcitkal {nir'*
th»rpait ^^
pofCff ' Of this nature are the
Bitter iweet. Solamim. j
AQgeiica. AngilieaJyJviftris,
Black elder. Samhutus nigra»
Red elder. Viburnum opmus,
Sarfaparilla. Arafia.
Pettymorrel. ArsUanifra,
Solomon's feal . ConvallMri^*
^f-j
II
%
i -0 .
J»*;> ■ '
Maiden
■#■
■n
7^ TBI ;N!^URAL ahu ClVlIi
' --'"■.' . .
Maiden Wfi AUtf^^^fid^tn^
Wild role. B^nhf^rH^ X
MarjSiin^vr. Altkfa. t .
Lob^lU» feveral fpeciieji.
Senna. Qifia lij^i^rm*
Cliven, iralHm /purium.
]ftlueQ^. /fe.
Skunk cab1b(^i;e. Arum 4mrictmKm^ . ;,
Gargel, P^tpl^ttn^d^ctufdram
Btoddroot. SangMii$ari0j , .
Pond lily. Nympb^ta,
Elecampane. Inula,
Black fnake root. u^^T^j raietmft.
Sentc^XodkcxQOt, Pftfygalaji^iga,
Plenfify toot*. A/cUpias diiumtttH^
l»iquomk rpot.
Braeon root. Amur,
Oinieng. Psnax trififHiiki
Ginfeng was formerly eftcctned a filint ifid%en6iis
onlyto China and Tartary^ In S720>it watdif-
coverea b^ the Jefait Lafaan, in the forefts of Can«
ada s and in 17^ it was faVe'd in the weftern parts
of Kewengland. It grows in great plenty aadfer*
fe^ion, in Verinopt. The root hai many ^vifmegf
but we do not iGnd them to l^ Tq. ex^r^Kiidinaryi «#
the Chinefe have reprefenttd. It ^as a Taiuabljs
article in the commerce of Cittlid)! in the ^ear i/k)^,
and large quantities were pttrchaibd in this fta([e TO(t
a few years ago ; an injuaicioni method of ccSlea-
ing, curing, and packing ft, has gfefttly injdr^d <ts
reputation ; this, with the large quantities in whicii
it was exported, have nearly oeftrbyed tht fide.
To
ffiSTORY oit*
>To tliif * acoHuiifr of iaotdicin|s^^^ipts, k iMi|& kiofi
be nmnop^ to fobjoin tbofe, wbi«b in; ttb^ Hatiti^
al fbe«, iurefQtiiia l;o opMsrali^is^^i/^!; tfae ino^ <b^
which, by proper preparatioiiiv becomci vahiabb
nedidiies. Of thefe iie have Ihe '
Jhorn jipplc, 13!tff«rf ^rmuM'Wff^ ]
I^ijjhtffiadc. iS^iifiii iii^ ^ V
Cirieepi^ff tVy.: J|^i^«f raJifiinu
Baneberry. A^iCs/pUafs^
WhiM hp^l^b4re. Ftrifri^ glhum,
Ina^^itionjtb t^efe, thjere h a great vafifty of
plants and flo^er^, the naijacs and virtues pf which,
are unknowrn.; 3pinc pi pur vegetfililes; disfetve a
particul^ def^ripiion, on k^count of their pacom*
non properties i , Thus^ the Bay berry (p^ita nfif'
€ra) it dffting^flird by a ^ne perfume, and, a deli-
cate green ^a|;. : The Prickly Afli is V^loal^ for
its uncommoi^ aromatic properties. The Witch H*-
zel (hamamiih) U endowed with the fingular prop-
e^v of |Httl»Qg for|b i^s biofiom^ after the frofi has
dfftroyied itf le^v^ The Indian Hemp {njdfpi^a)
my be wro^j^ into a fine, and llrong threa(|. The
SiIk Grafs anoliier (pecies of tl^e ^tf^ cpntaii^
a fine foft dpwn« which nay^be cardeji andfpun in^
to 9n excellent wickyarn* The berrieai'Qif the coiiit
inon Sumach bthiu) 9re ufed to great advantage in
medicinal apfuications, and in feveral kinds of dvea.
It woj^ld b^ a very ufefult )l^ut a laborious employ*
n^ent,for the botanifts to give tp the world an e-
i^umera^ion, and fcientific defcription of our indige*
nous vegetables. The FUrn Amm^^f* would be
the tnoR valuable addition, that could be made to
the works of the celebrated Lin^eut : But it cannot
be completed without the united aflfiiUnce of wealth,
gCBtui|, tinie« and labour. To
• \
*.--»w^-d
't i'
jf ^ Tfl[i Ifi^TlIRAL ANj» CIVIL
pJk^pitWfim^ff^^m^l^lb of our vegetables, I
mM^tmmnm t^irtuw the tnk^itudei mmiSM^
mglifi^fiplan^l^'nmS^^ air, iieat^ and effeft of
'MAftintu6i.<*»nTlie magtiSCttde td wbicfaial^tree
will arrivqi depends, tfpon «h^ nature of the tree« and
of-tbe foil. :; The;follpiirrng are the dimehfipnV i6f
fiicli tree* as ire efi^e^naed la^^ ones of tWir i|i^d,
ia Ihfefartof Ainei^ca/ Th^
^atiSftj Hrhidhtiattirc has produjcet'br ^^{r pairtic^.
Ulir fpeci^s/ , bat the greateft pf j^ofe which' ^e to
lie found in lh^ll'^^^|lftowris:' ' '• W
Feet.
Kne, ' . 6 <
Maple, ^' 5
' Buttoawood» -; ' ; '5
flemlocje^' ' 4
pSaiB^obd, ' • 4; b
A£b, 4 40
JBhrcb» ' '3 o
Number.— The number or thitknefs of the trees,
feehis |o depend chfefly 6n the Tii:bnefs o^ thp foi).
In fbtnepattiW tne country the]|r are lb tbicle, t^ajt
it is Whh difficulty we cah i^ile febng^ tlbni, Jhi
«h«r plaeei, they have refdlved' Ihibnfuetves into t^^s
of hxgi ' dimehfions, Which are^ne|Al||r ^thk ^
tancij of eight or ten feet frbm'«a^k btbei*. On <^e
«re, the number of the trees, is cbtnmonly frOm
one hundred and fifty to fiit httndred and ^fty ; va-
rying in their number, according to the richnefs of
the foil, and the dimenfibns the tteis have attaihed.
Etlimating a cord to be four feet in height, and widib,
^^^f r\ ' -^ ■' .tfnd
♦ A white pine was cut at Dunftable ip Newhantsniira, ia
S736, tht diameter of which was feven feet, eight iftehes/
Inch.
d
Feet.
H7
n
o'
HiStbkY Of ^tkumif.
an^ c;^ feet in ipij^p the quantity ,pf ii^(M«whic^
ii generally fauo^ on one acre, is frpm fifty to ^wo
hunored cords : Where ttie large pines abound^ thif
oaanMty of wood is niuch larger than what is h^«
/tated ; but thefe trees are never oieafured aa cordi
wood, but always applied to other purpofes^
A&i*^^There is a orcutnftance attepdipg ihe
growth of trees, which ferves ,to 4enote their age^
with great accuracy^ Thehodyof a tree does not
inereafe by an univerfal expanfion of ^11 its ioter.a^
parts, but by additional coats of new wood : Ana
thefe are formed every year, by the lap which runa
between the bark^ and the old wood. When a tree
is cut down, this procefs of nature becomes apparent
in the number of parallel circles, or concentric rings^
which rpread from the centre to the circumference
I of the tree. In, many obfervations made by othert^
[and by nqkyfelf, upon trees ^trhofe ages were kt 'Wn,
,^e num(»er of there circles was found to as^ee exr
ja^Iy with tfieageof the tree.— By this, method of
tie age
1, ihi
I computation, i bave always found the pine to^be'
the moft aged tree of our foreft, feveral of which
were between three hundred and fifty and four
hundred years of i^e. The largeft trees of othi^
cr fpecies, are generally between two and three
hundred years. In the more advanced periods of
vegetable life, this uiethod of computation often
fails : The decays of nature generally begin in the
central, which are the moft aged parts. From thcn^
the mortification gradually extends to others ; and
thus, the internal parts of the tree, die in the fan^e
I order in which they were produced s the progrefs of
I death, regularly and fteadily following the fame order
landcourfe, which had beenobferved in the progrefs
I of life. In this (late of a tree, no computation can
I be made of its age : But it feems moft probable^
that the time of its natural increafe and decreafe, are
nearly the fame ; and that the natural period of veg-
K etable
74
THE NATURAL AND CIVIL
/
ctable life, is double to that, which the tree has at*
tained, when it firft begins to decay at the heart.
Evaporation.^— Befides the grovi^th, there are
other procefles carried otthy nature! in vegetables,
of which we have no fufpicion, until their effe£ls
become apparent. This is the cafe with the evap«
oration which takes place from the woods, during
the fummer months. Every tree, plant, and vege-
table, is then pouring into the atmofphere, an amaz-
ing quantity of fluid. — On the 12th of June, 1789, 1
put the end of one of the limbs of a fmall maple
tree, into a bottle containing about one pint. That
part of the limb which was within the bottle, con-
tained two leaves, and one or iwo buds. The mouth
of the bottle was flopped up with beefwax, that no
vapour might efcape. In five or fix minutes, the
infide of the bottle was clouded, with a very finfi
vapour ; and in about half an hour, (mall drops be-
gan to colle^l on the fides, and rui\ down to the bot-
torn. At the end of fix hours, I weightd the water
which had been colle6led in the bottle during that
lime, and found it amounted to fixteen grains, troy
weight.— ^The tree on which this experiment was
made, was eight inches and an half in diamter, and thir-
ty feet in height. To make an eflimate of the quan-
tity of water, thrown ofF from this tree into the at-
mofphere, in a given portion of time, I endeavoured
to afcei tain the number of leaves which it contained.
With this view (after I had made fome other ex-
periments) I had the tree cut down ; and was at
the pains to count the leaves, which it contained :
'Erhe whole number amounted to twenty one thou-
sand one hundred and ninety two : Admitting the
evaporation to be the fame from the other leaves of
the tree, as it was from thofe on which the experiment
was made, the quantity of water thrown off from
this tree in the Ipace of twelve hours, would be three
hundred and thirty nine thoufand and feventy two
grains.
HIStdRY OP VERMONT.
75
grains.-— Upon examining the nutnl>er and dimen-
fions of the trees, which covered the ground where
I made the experiment, I think it would be a mod-
erate computation, to eftimate them as equal both
in magnitude and extent, on every fquare rod, to
four fuch trees as that which I had examined. This
will give fix hundred and forty fuch trees, for the
quantity of wood contained en one acre. This ef-
timation is lefs ^han the quantity of wood, which is ,
generally found upon one acre of land, in this pare
of America.-^The weight of one pint of water, is
one pound avoirdupoife, or feven thoufand grains^
troy weight ; and eight fuch pints make one gallon.
Making the calculation. upOn thefe principles, it will
be found that from one aere of land thus covered
with trees, three thoufand eight hundred and feven^
ty five gallons of v^ater are thrown oflFand difperfed
in the atmofphere, in the fpace of twelve hours.
This computation, will not appear extravagant to^
thofe, who have feen the great quantity ot juice,
which naturally flows outof fome of our trees, wheti
they are tapped in the fpriog. A man much em-
ployed in making mapke fugar, found that for twen-
ty one days together, one of the maple trees which
he tended, difcharged feven gallons and an half each
day. A large birch which was tapped in thejpring,
ran at the rate of five gallons an hour, when firft
'tapped ; and during the feafon of the running of
the fap, it difcharged fixty barrels in one fpring.
The confequence of this waile of the juices, was the
death of the tree, the enfuing fummer. i have
this account from the Hon. Paul Brigbam^ Efq;
Thefe accounts ferve to (how, what a quantity ot
fluid, is naturally contained in fonne of^our trees ;
and from a fource fo plentiful, a copious evapora*
tion might naturally be expe£led.
Emission op Air.— Another curious operation,
which nature carries on in vegetables,of the higheft ufe,
:, ■ ', , -; -, .-,.— but
3f -TEl JfATUJfcAL AVta ClVII.
Imt wlK)llf ifiTifil^te to uif, it the cmiGi
*■:;'*
mi^khkfl^k !iiiit«qtiiiiCitfdf titer
cii^hwini bff it tht^^ Uiett qjiik^f df do-; On
tite i5tliof ftt^, i;!^, ! bur tM fdinie ^strt of tht
n^Jik triee iSto a bdttle; dii 1 iia j| dlott^ i|i Cl^ <6Stb(fl|r-
ithtnt of June i^th. "Tfid 6ottle» mth tM Hm df
tlieiaMe thuk ieodoted^ wai ch«Et Mtd iib iirftt^
wat^ir I and idntHerfed iif » Utith ^HAm^^tfi,
Whicfil^a-beeti filkd before; : trihil tit^Sof i&0
bbttk iira(8 ioV^tlicd, aiid fixe<l fo Jui to, hkift Up
siiputh aboiit tljir ee iiicUti uiitl^r tbe fatfaffe o^ ^ tlii!
ivfatei; Id itu^^titMng |la&.-^|n fi^A^'inlfli||fef»
i^r bubbles be^iuitb impta^r wrdund tlitfi^V^s of ihie
mjitlle ; and i£dn ^ftef to afceiid ifi^ the lif^^t bi^ft
of me bott^ and eolle^ iiHo iarietbiibbtetf ^ wmj^h^
as they itjcttafed, refolved theiiiiMWt iifto one. At
the etid of fixibotir6y t fbuqi) the duabtiti* of w^tt
which h^d beith foi-eed Otit of ibd b^ttte, b|r the s|ir
i#hich wsfo coiicf^ed in if, amotintedl 10 flkty efi|e
^kibs. IChef duantit^ of 4i/^l^i-i!biie, eftiinated%
Its bafti irhicl? Was eirittl^ ^^ ihk htm^ ^^
tree;wais to the quaiiti^jfoif ^ilr|»^ Atd^i^ ^ froni
tbe fa^e limb, as fitty Ohe tb Qxteei^ Mftk|tiK ^he
^aicnlation in the faip^ tiiaiiii^i' as before/ thlA Wil|
give fourteen thou^nd feven hui^ied ai;jd^ feVf^ttEJir
four g(ail6h$» as the quantity of »r;. ^^town p!f lb
tv^elve hours, from one acre of la^a, i%iS <*Oveired
With trees.— The puVity and fiSliibiriiy of t^iar ait if
ii ren^arkable as the Quantity Jpf it. It h9i 1>eeb
fouod'that an ahittial wilMive five Itiiuei^ as^Ioiig In
this kind of air, as in coinnion ait of the beiR oiiiility.
The purity of the atmofphere^ is cohftantly iBipair-
tdby the refpiration of aninUls, by coibjbutiibo^ the
|>utrefa£iiOn oJF bodies, and by y^tiou^ Other ^aufes.
JiVTuch ways, the air over lar^^e and po|>Ulbiis cities,
' is lo grciitly and conftantly corrupted,- tjbiat it i^oul^
ibob
hlkliiiaiits, f le #ai doi rei^^^ pr fifinM* ; |^^f^ !
mt baa tiisi^ ilims^3i^
in the itnmenfequantmS of air, which new . eoiMi^.
trieft fdpl^* TbAfuMua^i vegetih|ef^|NB^|M^^^
produce It/ in large giianiitiei^ jin^ in;,|)^e pui^ft'
fiate $ aM :*he wia^OHTy it fronr €|plt tntap^^to*
anottiei;»;w^rej|Ufiioft w^ ■i-0.rK.-i ^ > .
HEA;r.*»^The principle Iby which t)iefe q^^tinlii^'
arecia^ed 6n|att4^hich leems to h4ve tfaje grieateft
effedi in'vegetatioQ, is he^t. Idifei^ent tegfta|y<g|
rt quire diffilffttr decrees c^^ he^t, or Iffferedt c&'
npiatefi to |^vf| ^^ (||etr grfatejH #gr«epl in^re^l^^
and perfe^oiii AU of tl^emcieafe |o |t^w, when
their roots- are in a ftate-of toUQjBhpon^ ^« (bon aa.
the Warmth cf the fpHng ^mes on, the fap begins to
a^^iid in thieir tiv^nka,ani brafic^si; J^ fementaw!
ti^ takes fiiace in all their juicf 8, aqd th<i vegeta*
tion beeomea miire 01" lefs rapic^ as tihe he^t of^he
feafi9|«f ffriikf^^ ||| Vernubnr, aboijt th^ toth of
N(«^ t^fs i9ai>tea w^^ is fne of the ^oft ^umerbiis
ascl loFwsard treei of the fdreft, begii^ to but forth
its lekve^.f In one pr tw|o da)rs affer, the whole
body of the woods, ^^pear of a t:|eautiful light green ;
aQ4 arf .cpi^ftant^y ^^t^M"! PM #f>^^r colour, Hat
tan orfifteeiiday^^ tlhen qhe dirked Oiades become
fixed* #ttrhi|^%|iWberio#, thej juices of Ithe trees
a^^ar tp'^ i9 |l df^eof hpgh fernnen(atioi^ their in-
tj^nj^h^^ftlp^reMe^ and (pieeffe6lf pf th^r vegeta-
tion appear in an infinite Variety of hiids, leaves, and
f((wers. T9 afcf rtain the dcj^rees of hea^ ia differ-
ent trees, at different times or t^eyear, ajnd tO- ni^|:
their efifeds on the leaves, and JPruits, the^fptjpwilig
experiments were macle. With mu auger, of one,
inch diameter, I bored an hole twelve inches loag^
into the body of the tree : Ic^ this holer I enclofeid a
thermometer of Farenheit's (csde, ftppping the'^pfi*
fice with^L cork, until the ^ui^iilver had acquired the
degree
7«
Th'i NATURAL AND CIVIL
cTegrs? of heat, which prevailed in the internal part ^
of the tree. The refiilt of thefe experiments, is fet
down in the' follomng Table.
HtBt
M ■
May V27
J 28
jMii 30
July 30
Sept. 15
Oaob.;S
58
72
70
45
H<atl Mett
In a I in a
Brrch.) fine.
Nov. 16
434
'60
I
72
67
5^
48i
434
60
73t
69
46
Heat
in an
AOi.
Kemaika on the it«w of the
Trcei.
434
I
60
76
684
594
47
43i
Leaves of theM^pIe*
about one fixth of their
natural growth. Hia
other treea ji|ft ia th«ir •
bud, without any leaves.
LeavQson eachtree^.
fully grown.
No appearance of <!•••
cay in tb« leaves.
Lc^v^ on the Maple,
Birch, and A(h, be^in
to decay, and turn white.
Leaves of the Maplo
turned yellow, and oo-
gin to fall. Leaves of
the Birch turned white,
and dead ; and about
one half of them fallen.
Leaves of the Afli, an
fallen, {jcaves of the
Pine, green through the
year.
No leaves on the Ma-
Ele, Birch, or Afh» The
eat of the trees become
exaAly the fame with
that of the earth, at the
depth of ten inches be«
low the furface.
From thefe obfervations it fliould feem, that the
temperature or heat of trees, is not the fame as that
of tne esirth, or atmofphere ; but is a heat, peculiar
to this ciafs of bodies. It is probably the latne, in
a)l trees of the fame kind, in fimilar circdmftances
and fituations. The degree and variations of it,
feem to depend on the fermentation of the juices,
and the ftate of vegetation. It is not improbable
tbo
HISTORY 99 VEflMONT,
:79
ranee of dt-
ihe heat of the fame kiqid of tree8« tmyhp ^ijf^wn^
in different latitudes : Whetlier this is i^isVjQaf<s pF
not, can be kdown only by 9bferYa(i0ps^^iWe m
different tbuhtrios.— This hi^at ^whl^ ;pr«yai)A i^
trees, feems to be thf gseat principle; or aspefit^ PY
which the two filuidf <» water and air» ar<c leparated
from one another^ and emitted from the trees, f N
quantity of water evaporated fiom the tr^es Qn onff
acre, in twelve hours, we have found, to be thre^
thoufand eight hundred and feventy five j^Qons :
That of air, fourteen thoufand fjeyen' hundred ,an<l
fevenfy four gallons. Before the evaporaiiicp» Jfith
thefe fluids feem to'have exited tbg€thci^tn!.anx;^^
ftate ; making a common mafs, every where. difpierU
ed through the body, limbs, an^ leaves of the trees.
-When the heat of the internal parts of the trecs^
became from fifty eight to fixty. degree? of Faiieijf
belt's tbermometefr, the biids were formed, ^clcavet
put forth, and thi^ one fluid, feemato b^ve bcen.fep«
arated, or formed into the two fluids, of water apdt
air. It feems probable frpm this, that both theGIt
fluids had the lame origin, that heat was the pn'nci^
pie, or caufe by which they were (ep^rated { and that
about fifty eight, is the degree of heat, which fs nee*
elftry to begin the reparation of the air frbm tho
i/atcr.
Err EOT.— Tht effcft of this perpetual vegetation,
growth, and decay of vegetables, is an extreme rich-
nefs and fertility of foil. Neither deflroyed or re«
moved by the hand of man, the vegetable produc*
tions of the uncultivated parts of America, return to
the earth by decay and death, and corrupt on the
furface from which they grew. It is not only from
the earth, but fiom the air and water, that trees and
plants deriye their nouriihment, and increafe : And
where no wade has been occafioned by man or oth-
er animals, it is not impoflible that the vegetables
may return more to the earth, than they have taken
from
rrtri kAtURAt ARolbtVIL
■■'7,
ttitt to fitdir it mt>i'6 ^ich add fisrfile. Thus doc9
't^e folf) in the uncilttiyiitcd parts of ihe countr^^
V"
!)•
vegeiabtes. — TAii tltttt Has been io great
iiierica, that when our lahds are firft cleared of the
wood, we ihriyi find a bl^ck, ibft, rich foil, of five
bt ^iiK iflches deiith ; Wholly formed of- decayed or
srdtteti fea'^fcy, plants, atid treds. ^e extreme rich«
liefa 6f tms fidiclous foil, prbdUc^s a luxuriancy of
vegetation, and an abundance of increafe in the firft
crops, which exceeds any thing that can afterwardf
Ite procured, by all the improvements of agriculture*
Powers or vegetable Lite. — The power
with whith nature a6ls in the produ^ions of vege*
iable life, in this pait of America, may be deduced
from fuch cirpumitances ks hav6 been mentioned :
From the imnbenfe extent of our forefts i from the
Inagnitude, number, and variety of our trees, and
plattts ; from their ra^id increafe, and duration i
and from the total want of Tandy deferts, and barren
places. Thefe and other circum (lances, denote an
energy, a power in the vegetable life, which nature
h&i never exceeded in Che fame climate, in any oth*
cr part of the globe.
CHAP.
«fi «
.<iA'.
^^ "^
T-
m^ fav<
4 M
.ttiiipii ext!
agceat ^„
ideoce. Wed by iii<
ture, unmilhided h
ithe fNcodtt<
the pt^liaiQtit of MaiHiai Uf^i
4 fei!^lf5. «iApowcrs of Uttt^l^
M^e itnmeiiM
QncJoeiitJ^ In ^ete^
knalB h94 ^«i^ rcf- ,
and iproduSioril Hi na«#
^w and Uij^lined mtn,
"^ e<j|iy wb. ■ appeared^*?
;in iigi^a^|iwms;«1^u|^ .iiihe»,
am^in(e&W90i tmm inclme ;\Qd ibukipjiicau«|i(i^ ,
OFtbaCfpeciteMffM^a?! which skt^uiown by
the name of Qvmtt^nlmm Americ,* conlffiKi !iearlyij^$
one half : Or thMl^m thirtv fix, are found ia
VittMmt. Q^forJK afford fluAa* i|d nouria^'
went for the m^(et htm, wolf, deer, fox, Wild cjj;
ra€«Ml^iKirc»^nf« fr9€^:^ck» ikmik, martin, hatc^
rabbit,
^^w
^p
)'!. *
1
■ I
1
Mrre.
lttick,flio
the ears ar
der (he th
n
Uy grow
toip
btAnch
weigh fro
ery year,
lis gait,
Iwift, a
<^^s^ noofs, is
miry
fronri:|a^ |rnother f
4^that i|8 hhptiovcit
xnooie is generall^lSf a
colour. The food gf t^i»
i^the boughs a^d bailtof'tVi
whii:h they fifem to p««|er
f|^a\$8 of maple which ik calliii mdibre wood,
fuiwi^r, th<g.fkefp pj^fty much In fa ^*"'
the wintijii tKey herd
twenty or thirt|E^ in a co
"ri^j h<
^refill
e dmtn I
tling of
i fiance |i««il^
ml iiiclii
he glltteft eal|
of our fen^s/ The
ht browii, 6r wotitfe
I is l^^fs, flirubs,
liy thciieech,
i ^ers; v^a^
In
In
ftyX They preSr the
ii^idcft places ; and when the \^n ig dcrw, they
form a W^d of yard, conntfpig df 'Several acres, in
which ^hcy C9niflat.t]y tr;-inp]e^cwn the fnov, that
I hey may tttofc cafily ran«|f iie^nd jkii yard j vnd
l^en ihey carnof come at the gratip they live on
iht twij^s and hsik olr the trets. XJieir defence is
bear I
ferine and
> l^e any
avfp thgr
m, fweetipi
aiiiij^no, the
^t||l In foe
pifc to bejpep
It af%aysjfoUnd
>rns
or tits re^pt t
natural m^ or
ationhe ufes no exen
but litd« byi^fp^l^on, ai^ ii af^ays lound with*
out an)i^ro#fioiiTaiiid iif i«ii{»t iandl tUe itirmth of
tht ffiiring rectirp, t^ he leaVes his retreat, or goes
abrG|dj|^^(l c4^ f^d. ^iiH animal is valoglble
for its j|PCwa(e» apdMp^ The femile general ly
bears "liro cuos^||^^|^|\e bear arrt^ei^;to a great
mi^nttude iu thi» p^^of nie continent. The iarg-
e^^f which ihc fillers give us any certain 4nfor-
mwon, weighed four |iundred ||id fifty fix: pounds.
One of the mod coflAtiion aii^ noxious or all our
animals, is the Woi^ In t'*'*"^ f^jrfn of 1^8 bod)^
the v/olf much refeftiDlcs the dq^ H)t| has '*'^|ng
^'^'^« * J^^^^ ^^» Iharp ancT ered tars, a mott
and
^
for pe «i?e,
ina), at wh
t!irW
of their t^Mier
ts, rabM^s, a^i
mm'M
a of all
;€ail 6A4'-;^^^MC& of.:
^ eri^itetfaiii«#elh, at
;^ttPlk't|fe
theix atlai^p
ly? auetickct wi%||ie
of huntan^fle^
i^iiiha fiate, t£e|^t
theifl^'&h
tWpay^ but m tbe
aWbanlli^Tbere
inthtt ftate i they
JKi^id h^lpfr^They prntralfy Bee
hee of the Mmlinxt wien they h«ve oi
tne more
ted withL gi^flsef ^ry .
^ftaftccs in Vert
|re4' tn^dife tl
Bot^^^^te|^^^& feen"
VettWP^iito^^^ yarda^
»ve yet i9frea|#umhers,
r»^n»aMy>£ ^gwlfe flbc^, in
the oighc i| and find » fj#retrfifl|i oi|r ivtoodi^ jtiid
mountains ; but arej^raduaUj^dtecitiifiiSf, aa oii^fet«^
tletnenta increafe^ aM |||[^nd^The woi^^ iiiter
proiific cnimaL Th|&e^e is iiii||p
vi'mter/.':^^4 male '^^^mjmjfifl^^r p^* ■■■'tW\
time of ^ iikion,^ ab<>umtrl|Kp|tf and an halfi
and thr voting whelp if 9 fouvff ihrn^tbt ^injAi|
of May, until |he nionth of July. The hunicrallie
foinettn^es lilnd t#their ^na, a male, a fimalf,
«nd a litter Of mrt#*yoting i«Km. One oif ^c
hlHl^ woli|M in 'Vermont, we||hed ninety it#o
pouiKii. Tmre is nblhiag valuidft in tbefii tnima^
in llHt
niefi««^lptil t^« Jeer it ,tlii56* yean oU
^riod, ir nseir ciii ri||| -«^r^^
lourfe j^a year, wtU growr
treigh {Ipiftiwo t^fbi*r poup4«.-^
(ba iK^t^ thctie ammaU« 19 ia ^ #1
from^ ^ Sf pt^miber to |i|r#i» Itlf
tm, *^d ttic4*)af«g^te ^lmt(elve«iii(
fifni their young ; |i$iich g^erall|vha]
-#1 (bn«^i^J*ree; at a, birl|^^i^e
tafaed..M<9n.(r become aa |f|$le and JMI^^ a
»r tpaaaa^raalof gi^t tmUnnU^znd
ley We alw&yt in roo^nn i 1^ lea{i
f^^im bixNIi fe^es, with the grea^eft eare.. The
Uigf ft^^ ly&eh I i^e a^ii^^ular account, weighs
ed tinile ^i^ndred and eight poundf. The deer
are numerou|iA Veiiigiiti^ i and on accpuot of ifa^
^eOijADd ftiin, J|re|if iiwch valiwf* T^« reiade«r i»
not 10 be found in^lliis part of the contiaenl.'^Bitf
there feenis to bi^ another fpecies of the Americaii
d«er, diftinguilheichiefly by itii hornS|,ani|Kften.by ita
aolour. The hor||t of this deer are never exteofiv««
broad, and branchi^d, likethofe of t^commoi>^deer;
Bat they are round, thick, butlttle liyMrved, and not
M. morp
mtm
•"^1
-*^1
-.,%•
-Jl (^ff^ffitreitmUts the o#re^m ., .
inagttimclii^ llblllltia blatk ^rcak,f^i£n|tr^(Ni
ly froi9#QHilld«r%||^tde^ : with WliPti^^si
ilwiMM cl H rfa» or more g^ipify of a ^fy coi-
■ Tlkj^;
,„ ^ /»i«»^^:th<HlMtt(li Wid BMlft yaliiiljl
ncJI^^vchV^^^^ ;Oifie'of::iil|l iinf^ foxes^
Xfeif Ok is a v^ry voracious ft^in%^|iei^uri
all liUfNis of OOultry, birds; lilid aiitniah, wlii^ tbcf
can ovli^^^i FleCh, frttit, honey, ifid ev«>T ?■>*
of dU^^mei'^s dairy aire devoured by him mthjptfit
avid4«y.--«Thi8 af^tnial ii very prollic. TheflSaale
it isrieafbtt ev^ year, in the winter ( and generalty
prodi|cea io the month of April ; the litter it gen«
craHy irom three to (i x. ^
The GAtAM^UNTi feems to be the fame anim*?,
whi^h th#linoteuts called Lynx, and which is known
In Siberia, by the name of Ounce, In the foroi of
its body, it much refembles the common cat, but is
of a much lat||er lixe. It is generally of a yellow
* grey
I»rgtr tk^
have i^ Vc
calTmit of a pej||w
^dge
feet in
imhigh
t*r
afc
toen, bip^lMtJisir Im %Wof Ml
It oINn the i^lii^^ltlmaiitk kaMg ^...^
a^Kith aftomfe^fwi|J^^ &^ _
did notmafi^^ir wit||||Mj l«ft reiiSrt^ ».^
Is have he^ dftei^lifll^^riB^
•'^-.i:'
ifc-
mm
formition." On ^kcammof thek fid»^
'H*^±f«iK^-^»j? <^ ,i**oiB^Kl:Th#
'^^^g^' ;WNPt|i|^il|^s e|j|(iat€d »M«liii
atone 'lundret^p^Hp Tm^'^^ngt^m-ki
^'*#^iPi''^^P^'Qf t^ taiL tllrle r tliP^ii.
c»i*n«re» of 'tbcP^dy Atii^ ^%W"^«i^NJt*
and tbepg^^ about, tMjrtCf n tnchii ^fc^vv * c
Wh« i^l^the WiLttC^T, if a»^ii^ m
moft refp<p$ fimjk^ to our coniinoii ^at« |i but dif-
lar^ ftroni^^ fici^ ttti^.^nx of out^N.
meftic cats j andiecms lo be of tfe famf difpofifll^
and colour, as ^ i«^^lf. One of ^ largett.
them was found bj^ the hunter, to wdgb fif^tfi
pounds. * ^ ^'' .
Thi^ Bii^cK Ca/k* does #i| appear ^ be^^i|ln«
guiflicd from the former, in any other Vefpe^ tbip
its
»'.« ■
1 1
llw iamt ech^t a« the ^^^•'-^JHpn
•very ficifce^i||i caNHvcmps di^^mHoii.
^ Ano^^ *fiiiiiaLg|fieh
a^p^l^ from WWih
h^.yrhthody of^
a«^ an lyf in leBg|||f ii;
" limhot a
N^. If the
he •dffrts
Hdwifch
w'^^IMrvwaidi |MIIta d^||e a;
C^^ Iecfiii4tty, fiia^d*|je>
.' '^^^^'^m» iBitsl|||j)e
t)ie9jPfia| m^ has a larger
f^\pr 1^ The f«et have fiv« loqg i^d OitKltir
;^ fenerall^ a m^ wy^^^^lnt^i^^ie Hmaj^ i
tJn^s kmg, juid round, i^ith atinular ftfi|ies in ir,
t» anknif i^IIs in the rei^edipirt of the #€Kn!^
• tifi tb^liiesimh gr^at agility gjtnd vtmam t^
thej^tiFeines 4>f thebcaighs, l|#|lir istiudklon^
•iifPt; aijdof I dlll%fey caoor. ^ip^igbt
4Bif 6it «f Cj^e !«|ct in V|i|iio«t^ wai^tO^ twtf^
e, he #|tdies £o.
r, or tm moofe cotofci
thdtr backs, fafl^^i
extertty open^
e cSf^eiiPMid nioS
cJ|||?avcnoa^©dtoiit^
era! fotep^mlni-
if**;.
Icih
in4?. ipjs oftcfi fo^md in kfi^nmeh and tit
u^hjxtfi}^tit(pp4, .... _ . .; r .i;'iv".:: ■
T^e t*oRCUPiNs, or Hedgehog, is not uncon-
inoo io^ : Yermoi^t^ . "WJ^ M ^«>|ar «md moll dif*
t^Q^tii&i^g in tliis, ^fHoifi^ ar^ the.quilU with which
ibe }i ari^^. . Tlieie ^iuilh ?re . a)>Qut fcHir Miches in
'length I j^i,oi,^hf^,pit Qf t|»e quills qS a pigeoa.
tVhen.tqt pprcupifi^ i^ attacked by .an coemy, hie
places Kis.jif^ |]|^twe<;»i his fore feet, and ere^ chcie
qqiljs a^lv uroifi^^ in the forni of a hemilplier^.
Jit |ias ijiio; ;P9wer to ^e^, them fr'^'- his body, or
Jaf t thf m ??gaif^i(| l>|s foerpy^ as;^a fre^iniMl))^
faicij> fiq^ i|i^<?y ,arc , ^ jpp^ly in(c n his il«flj^
,9i|^ ofTuch at .pa^iif^lar ^o^Qiru^ion, that they are
«a0ly c^r^^efj^l^njj likca bar^e^ 4^r; flick fa ft, and
work tli'exn(eiv^s^)into the J[(^(li of atty animal that
tpuqhcs t^cir €j^trct?)itie» j nor can they be eafily
witlulrawn,wjthfpa^f earing the flefli, b|U by indfioo.
On^this.accoiint thfy;^ove extremely dangerous to
the 49g, or , (9 any ^im^ anioial^ ifhat makes an at-
tach njy>nj^ por^upiiie*t--Tbe colour of this ani-
ma^^ is^grify : His ^ptiopi is: extfcmely flow. Thge
ferpale {^ipdiiccs her ytQiing every year ; the time ©f
geidaiiojji 18. abofit forl^y d<iys, and (he generally brings
forth three or foiir at a birth. One of the largeft
of tliefe animals, weighed fixteeo poui)ds : The flefli
.is faid to be agreje^Up, and whoUfome meat.:
\|VnotJ^er animal, ivhich we fre^ueittly find in the
Relds, is, the, WpoocHUcn. This animal is about
'{i«;teen1fici^8,in length ; its body is large, and round s
Its i^gs ai? (hort i and i|s fore feet are broad, and fit-
ted for the purpofe^ of burrowing into the ear^h^-*^
The colour of the woodchuck is brown, bis fat is
extreme, the fleih is wholefome and palatable food,
his fur is not very valuable. This animal refides in
a hc^le which hje digs in the ground, and feeds upon
grafs, c;9rn„ beans, and other vegetables. The fe-
inii|le generally prodMces four pr livt a( » bicth. Oos
, M of
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
1.0
I.I
l^|Z8 |25
Btt Uii 122
Ii£ 12.0
Hi
lU
11.25 II I.
I'
I
1.6
fjfe
^A^""'
■>
'/
Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
33 WIST MAIN STRUT
WIISTIR.N.Y. MSN
(716)I73-4S03
--^
190 Till NAt^KAL kiii
t>f tht htttfk wliich i hive fe^/^|[]lej f|^|K.
en pounds: I bUicve this was OA^ drtj^eliffit^
TUe SKtJliA it otte tf thel^oll ji^|:tli|brflii^Mif «i^^
/imal«, of which We baVe a^i^icco^iit.' lir feetaft^
be of the faitie fpeci^ witb-^e p^^cat4 biitit of k
ltf8fize,'and difiPerft from it in Tevei-ar^i«rpcd8.^Iti
bair n long, and lhinin|(, of a clbudtldiDi' piityf wrhite,
intermiited with Ipots dl blaick. Its taiil is fOdib and
iiulhy, lilie thut df the lojK: It lives cfakfiV m thi
woods, and hedges, but dftw bgrrbiirt 'imerbiinii
find out houfes. SVheii uh)|lfturi;<bd» thit'lliitoal U
^hout any ill (bent, or difi^teteiible dHuvU. Their
Natural evacuation! are 'not jiMdi^ niuf eons', thaii
thofe of other sftiimals.. Whole hefts of tfaetti will
lie under the floor of a Itarn, abd JTo Idn^ is they are
undtilurbed, no difagreeabhr odour will b^ perqeiv-
cd during the ,|vhole winter. Their flefli^^ #hton it it
properly dreiled, is fwcet and nouriOiing.-^Whch
purfucd omttackedj the fliunk difcov^rs its extraoi'*
dinary powers, by a fingulat and' nrtoft effe^ui)
snetbod of dcfedi:ii« It etnits « titiid of'ifae Inbft
tiaufeous and intollerable ft^t,' that Bar eVer t^eii
known. So odious, fubtlei and penetrntihg, is thli
ill fcented matteri that ther^ is no animal whicl^ can
long endure ic, or will venture t6 approach the flc^nk,
when he is throwing it out. It infc€U the^f ir^o tbt
diftance of half a mile all arouttd t Apd no metbofl
has been found, to extrafl thefcebc out of any objed,
on which the odious fluid has been thrown. TniM
and air, after a long period^ aflFbffl^ the only com-
plete temrdy. By accurate diffeQioil litelv madi
by Dr. MiuMl, it has been found that this ill fcirnt.
cd fluid, is entirely diftind from the urine. Itik
contained in two faiats, fituatedin the pofterior parti
of the body t and furrounded by the circial$r rnuf*
ries in fuch a mannet, that by their conftri6lion^he
.fluid is lot ccd out with great velocity and force^ Th4
ufiuary
tl^ Kg^^ Jl»?<^ port tbcy I
g9??pf»"3^.f«W%j^,^vf^,^^ One of ,
tbcfo Ai^i9aJ« ?Hf»»8[^««J t*<?v^o pound* jaod . wpi haff, .
m#?*m«?».W»W«# Jr^iB^. .and thtflli^ed parts o|,
S!*35i%##fi W:W^»^t^^<^^^ iand,muich «ftceitied.^
lenftb. A la'^e oiie was found to weigh, five pibund^,
a«4^ime^rt^(f ajpopiid. Thjt female produce*
M«Mpal4l^lof 9potf the Xj|^f i^tmal m Yefmoiit, ._
. Tlie HAi^JLif it^ inches in length ;, ?S
If If aMyfofj|frfmec9ljP(ur^ a fiu^t an4
5*?.'^?'*'^^#ri i^5# > * .WJf » Wteg, an*
deli^i0<^ food. V f Mf nimuil i^ yejry prolific. Tho ,
tii^ 5Xff nation ;is,s^kMitjhir^ clays; tho femaUi
Ije^rathrwojiiF^mr^l % bwr/Lh, an0 lw» fipveral Jitterg
w>^^;ffi#f X*^ y«5«rf AUrg«,|^are weight eighi
pqpndv . Th!^ pwf^m ntid htf^^, numbers, of . thelo
•^itnj»lp» Ipitm^ |»af t otft jife country.
The H A a a I T is ibmething ie fs than the hare, bu^
in sr^ater niimliiera. l|is e<3aur, botl^ in fumniev
and wiiiter, is a li^l^t grey, or A ^irty White, Tho
length ol the ral]tbt^ is s^DOUt Ijxteen or feventeen
inches ^ oqe of ^|;wb. Ur§dl ql. ^ool ^^ghed feveii
pounds, Xfc^.r«bhjit is, fnt^momp^tfi^n th© hare.
T^f l««PW o»»rf Jeioiier, anjH^ ftpm^P«^ to eight,
«' I "S^»lV'4^^? WW^ W 'ff#»^^ found, in ct-
> T'^^yfM*! ^ h¥ the foirii^aii(jl appearance, of n
f^irjcfl 4 M 11 moi;« Oinv . f^n^ n^iVe. His cye«
• Aftrican t^M(w(m, Vol. V. p. 487^, ,
>.
•^ V
*-*t
'"f
fi
' !
9ir v»i i^A'#6ftAi}»Ai)riJ idML^
Tious, ihat tlie ^ V:ih "fbta^ty f<^ W&.^^ 1%]|
ammii) ^ of a rdl ol' b#o#i c^6b^ a^likii a^ #filti^
Mljr. Its for ts vei^ fifie» am^^foAf;'' ^i fodS n
corn, Qutf, egg8» i^nd all km^sof fmidl animiilk. 1%^
W^fet & Irf^eti found in fioH^' ti^¥; ^idbSd ief' f ^.
od^ly enters mn msSti^ bar^^ attd ^dtfa^ iM^iltt:'
ings. in ftait^df grKK cbld^k V<'^nir m
ahtmalt; In Ver^nt; ihl; #d^ Ik iboiil ttHSr
iMhes in length ; i^ei^ nTamiW aiftd iKhL-aAi^W^i
abotit t#e)re ounces. The ^mafe fi^^iv ttfi^&,'mirft
Of five» at a btrth i bit the)rik> not aMi^if'tO^W
very numeroos. > ti. .1 -
TbeERMXKE ts tfie nibft^ WaiittftrT'yflik^Mto^d.
Mrhkth t^feenia bi^ #oOds« m* itr'M^ ktMeli-
fionli, adivitV; and fb^hdity^ it i^<ffibii/bfe^ tl^^ W^^-
fel; Iwt is f iitiH^i- larg^ Voof^oTlHi^y^gllM
teen ounces, Its obTour is a jbes^ijitifbl iiwis'i! 'f he
ttiil<tt'ti^^d#ith a bea^itiful'bl^ac^; ' $drn(e bf'thisre
animals nave a ftripe of dark brown* or/t^^fe cot*
dnr, extending alp^g ihe back» ^rotn 'i\^ fread to iht
fait ; the other parti being iierl^£Ur wbfte. ' X^cHt
Iki*e.
fitte
the J , ^ _. _. _,w^_„^,
nature. ' ' ' T ^ '. ^'r , i -: , r ;• .• .^t •>fil
Of the Si^iriRaat we hitr fo^r'ot' live
» tfcy, bbck, red, fKrtbed^ and flyihg; ' '
The Grty Sqkirrtlh the latgel^ and' moll^ c6ninion»
This fquirrehfs aboltrt thirteen or fbuhc inched ik
> length.%itha'hivj;^btiffiy Utl.aiiohg be body'
It i« 6f a beaufiiififf fil^Jr ireV ajfl6urLV<^^%' A ^^^
foft fur. h« mt'xi'iniWmm: Slt^^f^M i
* tree 1 its food, eotp, acorns, and'nfiK'^ 'itil^'^V.up a*
Dore of thefe provifidns againfl l^ihttf, ila'tbefibUow
of old trees, 'the f«mal« b^ar^ h^i^'yobog'ltt iltd
fpring; and has generally three or foiMf at a birth.
Tlie
;ts'
.:>, ,-*
^afs'from <^ejifm^ |6 !^ii9^lM|; at, i^ 4^
Americji ; Tmty »r^ CgCmaiK aod well knom^n^. thai
they 4o not require a particu)ar4 defcriptiotu Th^
hjunters rnfprin m^ ,tb?^t tl^^^e ,itr« . ft?TrWal kindi of
mice,tp hte iQunaiii the ,^Qod«„wl)iph^^|iye iiot bee4
d^r^riUecI,: B^^ lUeiihcr the grey r^n tn^ Uack rat^
Yhe <|uiidcupe'cls which have bern deficribecl, arf
to 1^ found only upon the laud. There are others
..:.■■ of
. ■* ■- ■'■'■■^iiK'" " ■ >-
|i;'uii
lur
Tbe American be»«r)<y(l«iiicf4ii^:A)^^jfm..
ikpfts .of pagers McVhandi: Hia bind fe^t-m'iii^^
S&f^^iM^WUfi' #e(^ riMtt^ teT'tV p^iM^ of
ftmmi' .nil t^fl iM rbbi ian|J4 iQtMiii^;^
ntiiWii^. ftronit, or okktverf^l, '^i^ la i^lie^vejr,
Wbeldb^r^ntt^iriberbf itdfi adi^U 4r4 fbuna.
th«v i#iticdiaMiy aQbciate^ anil'cbm(»in|e i^\ Uki^f;
10 pilirme tbeir ^mmOit bcrfinVfk^and ^tllTait^ £y«
^ iblh^isdbne.Vb^tbe imic^d ctraiifipU, iitod li^t
boiirii of tbe i^bble cbfiiindiiiej^. 'Tbfeii' foicietie^
atefefi^t^liy coII^Qed together, in iht monCbt p(
j^ifiotc the cotnrdoiT bnfineft and fafety 6f ih^ wKot^
rpciety (apparently a£liQg. under, a coqatnon fi^H«
li^lioD^ tiid dir^€(ion^ When tl^e beay)qr''&f found
and ftUPritifiiiikr. m^tf i^ fft^^
Ta#*. Tlieif &c{ecy, Id ilt Its ptirlqics aitof i|
fkffie di^j^idii. ' No coiite^tibB; dfO^^ref iiui^:^
hai th« ^pear , ^., _. ,._ ^^
or ioflii/iitfceor a chidP, orieadtr. Tbeir iitcL^
and Df^uiagi^i^, hif tl^e ifpcA of a pure ia^
U6^ detnotnu:)^ (' f^fivded on liie principle (3^ 1^1 '^^
cqda^ty^ ibd^ the firc^gelt^uhial ftttacbioetic. f^Mf
))rincipl^ Uieait t6 i»e"ruffiti<inc to preserve tile itidil
{>erfe#bar^tiv, ahd CO rcguilate aU the pt^c^l^
oJfthe^hr|6llmietiet. W^:
: menf tMf(^ ilBitnaii s^r^ ce^Va^d to^tf^r, tbtft
^rfitiitehAohU to 4hputtUhJlii0/s and sJfk^iW
the fodety, ip which they belong. The beavera at*
ftate, H« MCiflM quiet, inol^ilve^ antf Ht^ftlKMit any iJi^f^
fition to -depart. But was moJR of alt pleifed, when haivaa at
wee k,- formiog a danii to a fmall ftreaa near the houfe.
':^!*»:W^PM^ f?^-
1,
'*if^
ii^'
C'-^'k^A li' ■«i'*r<lJ'^52ii;Tr jury .5)i!.Tu/;^>«^
^ebtik^tliit tb^liBaterf may k^yttlvma^tii
«ii^nl jwitt of the A](nmsin§Mt^fi[^iAjt^ ]^,jij^
«lilt<^^Mil^ thai no eiij^oeer^iM4 iiy^^yS^
lidt^ |&liia|(iofi arid form^^ 5><l>^r tor cony^jfc^fv
llrcfl||th» or diiratioii.— Th^ tnatiertil* fl, w]$u^ l^e
diuii are e<^oAn|£iedAf|re vpod^^iiid eartl^, ' Ir i|ci?
he j^trcc on the fi^e.of tl^ nvcl:y^i^|^|| |N^oiiM ^|^
ttrally fall icroft the ftreaoK fevfri^^
ret di^i^felves whhjreat 4ili^iici ,^.,m j* iWf
Witlithifeirceeih. Trees to tlj^^^l^ of If ^iy^
inches diamiet^r, i^eih^s t]troi<^ii acr^pfiij^ ]^^.
They iiezt» giiavr oi^ the br^n^hes fi^oip tlie i^l^
that the tree may affume a level pp(i|iop. ^ Oth^rt^
attire fame time/<re cutting oowni ftnyfer ti-eei^
and JTaplings^ from one to ten inc^ies . diamet^.
Thefe mm t|tt into equal and conv^nleiiif Ungt^hf^
$ome of the heaven atjug the(f piecet cl^iPfo^ tf
.* .J ^.
'.fat. ■■
::%<:<.yy. ^v...^.
-.^imm» «p«Mit]iioim
,o*
"til ilftifpif««#iy'lM^>iNi^ii(^H^<
'til
many
^m«^
9$-i
fltipatfti^iwt^i^vlki;^^!^^
"^- ,f|r9 to threes |M^i|lii*i»^^
r*f , ••:•'
'"•i,i»
vC
In
cbancfe. opiietident $ hm ^pmMia m iii^bviv^li^oii
tiii^i ibl itil m tarryr vn»i:&6 fall of di* yan
#tloie'4lhBil^a«^ lboiitc6ilteaed,a and jam all tfacir
lbvtstei^ti&4^rtii#ili|liiyi; ^l]iid»> aff<^ their «oiix«.
iioH eiFeii iiiqp|iie|iit intiiqaiiJ^f '^cirfanHltes. iBrwf
htng9eri:mmMsWt^tk ^nit^enti and Oore btole>s
ai^^liei^|l^<iMlfoffi^ or! r«ibbiiigf rom one MAoti^
^m^ t^i^hgiaalttlatid tlie Mlilb ine matuaUy^sittacliU
cd i%^t»9il {IkureimlimiidljH^ o^ qite^RKitlB^
wtibotttia^lMik^liQli. Bicb knows its.oi^faio«
1 1 1. '*
"I
*:.
tMf.^MiMS^UAlfU<SI!t^^
4(0^ ll^jrr iliAiwa|ni)pi»9g«
4l«Wi
the wal^ fiitii ^ii t«im|ti«s |)Otke 10 1^ ld|»^j^
numbed s^peAf td Itie eeotiodsi, to g^ive Qotot«£ilMk
'<sw>a^nonli«m piirii, llkejrtlit|||feii#A%^
tXBMit they aire bfoiiftTS riMpa AMri;tcic£Mj>fe90i«
ii^bter as iw^ apprpiicb>tRfvM^;th#ofeiii|l|^^9^
4m Mrof tw«^ forttttalldliiiliblhflif bo4u»ii;(^M?wh»ii
vil loogcftt is g«n«f)al|)|^lMmlilUMtpil|i•«>il^l^
4|^«oiteiiixig tQwat<d&tbe hM^mA'imi^milbm
.'HPPii^iPi''i
mt
«Miciifiyp¥M. ^mt^mm^ :.»#|iip*^p
mSiy. Jpk^Nllllif 1^ III 5 tsMtt ^iMt; q£ ;^infirt|ai W j&-
MiltiM^^ iltQ^tr'tii Jcflj^ r Ills legs ::Aie 0^ 4tki
m^mhtmnf^t^^i^ h0K0 |^^iiM»m <i^ji«9l# t^
-1j
Tk|.K4^^^AL' A!i#%l*«^
■^w^
water rats, an4oclier (&illkftM«ii*i ' MflhKl^iifetf «^^
atf^nor d^ be^'^a^b«>liv«S'i|iii ilm iou^lnand-iiiilrk
#i7d4ng^ qr iquatin^«^«(#,: - Ht lMi9<geiiei«Uijt Um
iaii|«d>aflMKig tiM nanpfeiHiotti mt^lOli ^liiiMl^atf
]lr««ttl^ mthe lUF^ $|r wafitf'i Mt WW «oi»)^(^^
]yi> 9^ amt^bioc^ anmial^ifov b6 oiiiin«r^V4<#iai)M»
ji^kacipii, asiy i|ior»«bai) thl)toi«dliiiti«ijtlk'^ iltfri
ift ciiar«QBth 0^ Mareli r ijli« li^rgcttftti^Ni^oetacfiftl^
U three (» four. The fieHkAtfTii ^ad llfeti|ca'ioi ^
•Id olterii ii .faob,' that tke dog ttny Jrid«^'#^r-
coaa ihem : Apd whien th»y catiiiot^aKpit ' -th^
ipiUi attack the hilnter < with • (great fag<^i«-4l^a<«ii>kMir
dl Ihh ai^aliis hlacki and its ftir to liNMli ^liettL«d.
The otteii formerlyi abottaded irety: trttkif i» o«nr
cre^lEi^; aiid^HtMrti and ^tfytiaaX^ in dMl, iprhidl
emptied tibfnttfelvea into , Lfiie ChainplaM V Ootfpbk
•cco«lot» one o^ thean Aili bean thoi name of 0/lir*
ifiiM t bat the animal it noir bicohic fearce. -The
]Mr|cft otter, of which I have a (>artitukr ai^iittts
winghed twentjrnine pottodt and an halfr •• ^f>'
• To this aecount of the qu^dni pcib of Vmmftaiti I
ihall fubjoin fome vtikQions on the gentet^ Hale of
theHS animals, in Amerioa.- ' i i > • / u /^
, Stbe nmmtrslkn vtiy impttftSii'^Ou,^ aootwrnts df
,the quadrupeds in tbis,<and in every pa^tbf Ameri*
ca, muft be viewed aa greatly impeiteift. Thei de-
fcendaftts of Eurppe have fettUd atong the Tea coaft.%
and thev halve penetrated to the (akes, and inoft*of
•the -navigable rivers. But the internal pak«s of Sduth^
jinfterieai are bui little knova : And aiHitiat imakenfe
.\t%^ of CQumry, which lies to the norths and to tl^
weft
4
we cannot faiiilicii ai^^^edui^^V ^Wtli^^
patt[iQf tb(r«f^ii«pl.*-fAl&4t j|» asiiiitll if iltiii»i»fii
ijiKicoiiMmilpignifad*, Imt ^^pHkdliftllfMiilibii^
nwltfiriiich jr«ii mnaiti* < Oli^tlN li^li^.^eObw^
tand'ABcletiMiii^fflta «o<|rfti0t^l6*eft; tfrie la Se f^mttf
7t«lgFMt toumbcri*^' Sonke ^^tliein lie i opon :tb^ (^n*
; Uc^oiAm groundfiimci ptbtn iirci fiv^dv^fix fteik fe!|*
tev^lt. . > v£pmi»^ the i^iM f tmti^Hr ktm'U^ Imft
otit foHiii4 ninrMlie* #» tlierb«re< aiid oms i90
oearlbclppiotf^lMetiiv^ it 4ht b^fe^nilMficcq rfK^
d^cp<. 3 1 Frm lihe fi«e and thiclineft of thefa ^qiifi^
it is ^rtaio 4bgt!tb«y icoi|l4 not Mof^'^>t|iHI rki*
pbattij'iJ^t {denote t affifmif^al fivjb <hf:4« iima/Hi
hrgct iwd Puf. the oaUHVpr^'I^M.— -We h*mi^
teftifpen^/4>f tbe|Ddt|#%dMiitf«cll M, 9iit|fial,ftiWi
cxffts>ifilhciir»AerBDai1i« ofAioeri^: vAt>4pf^«if«ill4 ,
>cootrer^itAjbeii^le:cfpiMmriof!ttai|>if,iDrH^ '
pofe thatTatf^Tpecietof her.mpttiMlpii' ii^ bcffliqie ei^
find. Thiit animal muftifpnDetijr hai# Ipeen mir
mcroua, at thofc pbcei, if b«re il)eir jl^iiet ikFf fpipiyi
in Ai^h ft«iiibfr»f; ; Tl^ F<?I>»M»V »»« i», t^e tne»fie
ofiftibGilai^e WfTf iMlr^edj they reiyipved furcbcr
to the ,we(i«rard. . i9<at ^til tlH>ff part# <;f A^fsrifr^
Ihall ^p t^\Ql\fii^^}\tti4i}t^m9^qn is tobnesff^^
cd Goiiflfrting tbia anitiii^ of 'th^ inoft| fafrnK^
bulk '. ' And we may, ^ wel^ ci^li it jttie Mufimtiht p^
by any pthf r fiamc ( or jj^ iPfiuiio Elifbmti^ as k
ife tfit#i||iri
•M^ntii^r^ Nd|Sir^ol^<^Cfie«|{|iMknc^ Ai«t^
«r tdii^fbr the «^6diiaD<M firi^ictciflttf iillAiiU,
i^imiit^, liv^ *A«ivek>i»lop^d'f^ni Hke bat etflifatfy,
)bdtc^ur^wtsttt€ff^al'Ear to their ]^afD^.-^
'• There
>;!.>■■
iMm't ^k^
fHum 'thit'^QM cmmtty
^?iM«itf £^i'd^^ .....
ilfe^q^i^^ ■ " ,; •':- ■ ^;:^:
they tin in<l> ^e'(C<^orcable^^ ^t*
tioo wKe^>lftaf(^n M><>1i»iitafy, ii klid^yr mtii »
favourab^ for <^i(l; g^o^ and^ fbultfplitaHoi^; !
{Iir^{bd[^'li(i^iin4^ OT iiatbi«» tfieir naKxiriii prog-
rdi lii nbc to a WOrfi i>ut lo t better fituatiob. tbeV '
idboM leave iHeir.'oAii ciNinfry^ tbfeifctle i<^ oHe 1ej| '
fttited CO their Ajib^lleii^e, and increafe \ biit . (6 ac<i '
<qbire greater advantafts i an increafe of food, num.
neri^ and ylgf^iir.-^yrhetber the nHgrat^ottdf quid-
rupedi wii W^at fflani Afia, or fropi Ameri^^ ther^ *
can IfeK'd^Be, liutthat they founiiln the country
to wtiidi they repaired^ % (iimate^ft^J^ and means gf
0 * ' lttbfiftcnc«,
A# ,>^^f|^A%
,, &Hcipfrn*i<r ?r".Ȥ^?^,% m^.^^ m
ficMnt iaNriMtion to afflei^iipd. , TbCTd .par |<
numeiriiion comp)ei«, ,i^ tJK6fc co^o^^f Mhi^fit
Iciiowii. The nioft thut has Mn 4(^e In «w¥f¥5
or fiattiral hiftary. »« *<> *>«?<«>?? •^w^Ti>^?ijW?^
wU informitipiK , this aMe mmm i mm^
that the whole . %mmUt ^ ^liaajrtopedi which are
fpread over the face of *e earth, YV|^*?5R ^?'
two bttndr^a different fpeciBi or ^9*^.OfJm^
o^e hiin^rfd arc? fwipd ^n America, fn^ abi>« Urv-
cnty five are peculiar to it— It i^e power, the /(prce.
or the vigour of animated nature, it |o be emnsated
by the fpfcaei of qiiadrwped^ which Afferent cipun-
trtei contain, th|B cpnclufion will he, tjat ^^J^ nas
lOed with the gf«#teft vigour and energy n|^iner.
. ... . . ,. \.-;.»*^«^-
• Voi;l5c.4i. ^ -
mmm 9f^mm6mj i^
— ™ .wmm «..« wRifettnoiis at
fori ^mm I^Wtti^^k>fbH^^ i y6 ihi» Wa^,
thf>i^^^ 1^ IbSv^;' or Vtfikii^vliicb
'^Q%^i9iiyi Wl£f#fpfiil||baff^ or rail. WHh-
which ure mean Ca exprefit; Wh|^ Vfeeill th<i ititmal
|re»V^ K^Mitt. I tBui no <^uinftance will reverfe
•ihelliwiof natiire,«eiiible the diflPerent fpeciet of
cnuiiifniii
fOfce^inia' -^__
ani^It to exchkoMitlkiir propJr form, ited^nngfii
»•■ '. ^ .id i ' ' .>tdde;
t^The Miom«rat)»n j|ff^«drupedt stms to be te» imperfoft
* ' iooi Of thi» Wl'*
n?t in li ii Epoqut
s of qu drupedi.
to ^rd any accu4ite<^4cttlatioiit ot thi» M>|d. , , Mcording
J I. Buffon'i iatdl opiuplufton?, in li ii Epoquls 4c /• Naturt,
. e are three huifdrM ipecies of qu drupedi. Xifi^rica ac*
tfbrdipftotbe AbM CSaVt|«rO|Contaiha about oneltKlf of thefe.
■M\
fpijjk «-
9i
^utt ^nvpB, it
Europe.., ^'Pey ap^,lhere,
09 O I
'■ «■«' ♦
dd
; I Wolf
Deer
'Faxj red
Porctipine
Polecat
Hart
' \ v*i'
')"2-{C
■1J t'
m
i>.iIJ. ^i»3/i
of A^, arc mticli '**gTf ihf ri flit irtiffTi||rtfi if
<9iti4ni{M» 9f (^HBlhtii^^t, A^A if (the iiuift '^
vo|;|ra;#,io ||ifr,fr0#|iaioi^,ft«d ffowrth of llie
m^^m^fi^^^Wi^kmt^* But u^^ frcntea «f
dttigvm.ef bfi|h,j;cmiiir4ifft:0f Afia, flIl4^o^ AoMfi^
J T«iffEar4i|»J^if»f;i»l|tTiQH^r*Md|lt4niii»|»^
1 a parHcul^ i^NTiM^m.ami cb«raa«rt'a%^a to
^hcj J^ WM»re»,lnWib|yvfiited* and irhich diiya*
{[uifhet the vihoiie fpocici. Thui fowe ar« natufsl.
y fi<*'«y«M>8««»W» aii4<»miv«t>ui^i while ochera
arc i^ild, temiierate, ai^ feail« : Aod allsof tfaem.
a^e oqt a lUUe ioAuenctf^t: by %h$ climatet they in-
habit.<.^Jii thehpttdl climate^ , 9««i in the Whim
fan^sof A&ic{i,them«|ft ra¥i|il09«i.attd the 0eioift
antmaU aliouiid J! Th^>MlMB»the|yMn ai^d thejiaii.
theri arc there i Jn th^ir grwt^Jw, iheir largcft
namhera.
&im^mmM^^^
ifc2il
'^i:
■■i%
m.
^^ nlid, and t^^racip, T] QCj«HMtoiMi|t^at
^^eiwOteiM flit b«fl|M'Miii^' <il^i^ im'&
liic^ fierce md nveitotti i^iiiMI tliiHilfi^
$ thir (ta^biff tf IbeNWin^ mmNMkm m^^imr the
•i^^rt. Add thettlhi^)f«^f«idttpl)^#ll^ ]^||f«^
lift^ t«piditf, «tieit itlily afi^^ "fiftlft;' Mlefted^ Iv
urottld^amte at tluif ii|iMfo'b|(dbttaii«^» 'itf>%<h^b
^4lieir|ir0|^(t< w««td 4m ilMU4^ ^ ^^ thb-^ifeie of
itfioMlJ iPhlf %<Mld%attti4my^iy^a€#J)r lli^Wfadle
eontiiit^ Vefoi«(ih)i^««<HVed tb ftilhlll(jiWi^' TBis
^ tlie>i hatf 4oo* !]li|iWiii7atMn^^cf t AAiei4aa/ %6crA^it
.uiJtsiM.iU\i
was
Mp|iffflft#
great^lt if^itude^ and their greate| fi?ciiRiiit^
■■' i-^"'^'J^'i- \ _ ■ 'H' '.-'?■:- ''■^- ':^%\■l0]^....-
ica. make a^<S>MWlit»»iifc^^
hiftonr. O^hasf^
caulogiw^tfcofe ofWtaisJ^^ MoHM^
app^oafi|^j^ip^|l|ll l9Wifd«^frjM»tb^ k<git«l%)Mtlii'.
-'*< , In
?
,.-,H''.,
-'I
V'
1^ '^^^mmj^MWa
\^W>i^Mi
♦.ffli**!
mn... mm ^19., --y^...:-^,^,,i:,jan^:^if^^^^^^^
"^'-^7 ;t i: ^ ,■' Tuir. ran. 'I : :i^( J Id
i« the fiio«r gjMW Ofi^ 10 tbe fpnofc T;be]; Jir^ not.
feen in ttie winter, Wiliw ^ie r<i«|td' ttte, in AiL
^ ' Tl«« of Ap. Dcpattun,
Wild Goofe. Xm/ <«MiM^/. Much^J. Nw.jM.
Tlie SvawBirito ita Ikamtifat^ tfdl^^^l|^^
lilde ifeiiinffl. . ITkef aw fentraUy of i'^lpr^tbfour,
ftfid Iffr tl»fi a Tpa»«nr. v> Fiocki of llM^ni*ifij>i^^1i '
^on at th« fiA€MiFiiegiiis>«oiall in a|ky^%Qii^forable '
^iiftiittly.t and geberiiiy a dayorc^blieCbre. Tbty
perch on the fptrei of vcgetahies4ho?e'thi £(x>#, 'on^
!)f, . V^^ not.
r« tllrottgE,
^P-
Dcpiitan*
\9- April t*
•re. TbiKjr ■
til StBi^:^^ *2^*^l^^
» fft* AUWtiof #m«infaer| wjSA «^ir ia^^
?^,3^*^^^^*'^«*»^'f <^"*»<»>^ and io 4«flk
&(^ P?%%iiPiiif fe^iir «tie aaoiher iTa
Kraig^ hi^i^s^mmmmm^ ittaum up in tfce^
foiiB orj|.«jKig|f I a^ led bv one df
J^a«#^ Md moft iam. White Acy lee^i
fe% iwa j^ biu tf by any «,.„^ tfceir ordiTw
brofeii, Mid^t^ »oc* ^%erieiJ| fcy««l of thw
in the Wi_to Pjosoh, »hemiWia.in«.pow«T of
«d fenrie «lwiy,p«, J .They ff^tttraMiiy np«w -
hke«g^,Bdge„^,Uy hatch bttt two at «^ d^:
|«»«*l« W ie|!Wt««l fev«»l limu in a fwfon.^Th«'
" accoanta
ft . •
a'K^
114 ^Ji NMSRAL Jkir^ CHriL
gGpountt whfdi arei^c^ of the ii^iblteK olf|^%^
, to iktvincnhii^AWAij^riiM^
i^oll incredible io thoCm wko;hMi:p0ii&:f^^ai^mi
Hcftfl f lie foti^)r(^/iilfiM^ IM^ tke
lincurfaich dividct Mi^iicilnfeili f tbm VjeritipliCy in
*> 74^ * fi^ ve this «ccount of the appea? m^^g^f^hidbf Me
inet with to the weAv^aucd df,Coiiiie£|ie|Krtiiien'^l%r
three tnibs t<^et|ier vtfae {rf^coin^^ neib were'^'Hitdk,
that five hundred miihthav^ been icdd«oil^h(r|>eech I
• tneet at due linve iland roonidtiii^y hair^6eefi tt^l*^
cd on the hemlocks, lo weil, I ^ouhtr o(»4-biit ' five i
thoti^md^ at one > tutn Toiiad;'*^ . The r?iiiAirka>VJ
the firft^ttlers of Vermont, iiiUyiicon^iiii^bfi ic
counti The following. rel(i^icMii>if|i«|.|kven me; by]
one of the earlieft .^l^ra atl) r^l^jreiidOD^ f :*f The |
fitniiher of pigeons Iwai.ioiiBeiilef I ITi^enty^five nelb j
:%mre frequently to he found pn mn4 iK^cih tree.
. l^he^earth jw^si coveri^d with thefd tpfcs; ' and » "with j
hemlodcs, thus loaded 'With' ther'nclli of 'pigeofis.
For an hundred acres together, the grooiid was cov*
rered with their' dung, toithe dq»tb ^HitM> inchei.;
Their noiie in t^ evcni|ig~ wafti>:e3^i:^(^! trioiibli!-
^me^ and (b great that'^ .tm»e!iei^<vteoi»ul not get
an)^ ileep, where thejf ncils #ere ilhtcl^i: ^j^^lrboitt «ft^
hourafter funrife, they rbfe infoeh i,]Mun]b^jil^4
darj^^n the air; When , the youngi^pi^Kons were|
grown to a coiiQ^^able bigliei)^, beifo^ they^ couli:
readily fly ^i^t was common for the ^ fBttlets < to 'Ciit|
down thft trte$,;axid« gather a. hor(e load jh aifeifl
minutes." The , ifettlemeni; of ^thc, country hasl
fince fet bounds to this Juxjuriancy ^^f animal Ufe;!
diminilbed the number of thefe Mtds^ and droyej
tbcm further to the northward. -w
We have four fpecies 'of jSwal f 0 w s in this pait of]
American i. THe houfe fwaHow.' Thia m^y bel
readily di(lingui(hdd fxom the reft, by the greater j
forkedpe^
« Belkntp't Hiftery of NcwhampOure, Voi^llUfitjih
itjt fpr«|iflt«<l ; and wilder iti chib. TMs ^ecies '.
buHd lb<^rjt|eft# in cbimneys. Their iiefts are made
of tml^ifli^ cemented t<%eth^^^^ kind of
gum, «a^ iiilfd i th^y lure covered or arcfaediDv '^r the
t9p^,49d;jtlieaperturei8onoReiide. Thefc iwal-
Iqws aRp^l^ tb^«sirlieft of any, in the fpfinf : And
a ^nr c^y9ii»e^e their departure in the fall, they ^if^.
fociate^ : jUn .^tl^i jU^pi of huil dings, dry treesi an4
baOie5«}a| if #b<Hittc^l depart in companies, su Th« <
barn fivalt^. j ^)^he fise Of this, is rather lefs thlit
that of thp 0h«r ; «nd the rati is notfoik^d fo^nmeh*
Thippi^Iovr Mlds his peft tnhanisi8tt^||lit hoiifests
andttbli)!!ii^:>i9rni|d ofigraftjib-a^, Iffi^feathers^^
1[;h#|g|(a^il^lll«d^ of a dark;bro»»rfi^^ihdWlitej'|
ie:4irii^Mj|i^:i^^^f^ piacMn ithich i '
i^^0/^fi^1t!^i^ki\^ 3. Thegrouftdlt^aUowr;
1^:# $^ J^lto^ of the whole ip^ieso. fFbch
(w^il^^f&p!p f jM0 in (andy h^tiH&i and on th0*
i»d0i#t#^t^ «l*%htfeji or^|!f f ^ty four inches idi
Ifiigt^^nvSit^ir ^#< ajsf ii|ade^%l fhe «iarealiiy;'Hbff
liflft hp|^ # ^rs|iK and^^th^rsi laid together tin m
Ippfp ai|;4 <^MrAie& tl^finer. -TlHir eggS;are perfcaiy
w^ite^ t^ i*lie hoi^ in which, jth^ arc iaidi are de«
figned 0ltly fo4 1^^^^^ N<»f|e, of thefwrallows
eversfef^aininsChemsduri^ the winter. ^ ? 4. The
black ttiDrtiit.. This if the largeffe o^ all our iWal*
lowi, T^3^ ^)iiii(d tlwlf ^ft»; under the eaves of
bpufes, in ^ ^cret or rf tire#:piaices of out houfes^
and old-b<|ildiiigs. Their n^Ajs arp made of ijtfa Mr
^nd f<patht<t5.> Thfy arrive the lateft, and difappear
the^bonlifl^^ialiy of ^!^ fwailows^ which vi fit us.
/Theriifiial tinies of the appearance and dirappear-
ance of tbefe terd^i^ ferye to mark the tempefaturo
of the cli^ia^e^ with as much precifion, as any of the
ph^nomena^ aati»«. But they do not feem to be
prop^ly hitds Of paSage. At Dattiy in this (late,
theiahihiuivts report^ that fome of them were taken
out
tt0 THE NATURAL ANi ClTIi;
oiit of a toebd in that tcnini,Td6»e ^H agO; A miiii
was employed in the winter, to prOdire the nwu of
the pond lily, for medicinal pnr^tfr. Anioiig thi
mud and root* which he threw Ottt, fiftvcrAt firiillows
were found ihclofed in the mod ; alive, but kftL tor«
pid ftate. The account is not doubtH among the
idhabitants ; hot I have not tht teftimotty of any
peHions who faw thafe fwallows.—* It has bien doubt-
ed by fome able natnralifts, whether it is pofllble for
the fwallow to live in fuch a fituation. I faw an
initance, which puts the poflTibiUty of thefild beyond
all room for doubt. About the year i)|6o, t#otnen
were diggiflgili the faltmarlh at Camblldge, ih Mat*
fachufetts im the bank of Charle^^ rii^er, about two
feet below the furfice of the ground, they dug tip a
fwallow, wholly fummnded and coveried with ititid.
The fwallow was in a torpid ftate, b«t being hdd
in their hands, it revived iH about -half aii hour;
The place where this fwallow was dug np^ was every
day covered with the fait water i whien at fvttf high
tide, was four or five feet deep. The time whcli thii
fwallow was found, #as the latter part of the month
of Februarv } but the men aflured ide, they had
never found any other fwallows in (beh v fituation.
The fpecies called the houfe or chimoev fWitlo«r,
has been found during the winter, in hoihnr trees.
At Middltkury in this ftate, there was a large holloir
elm, called by the people iii the vicinity the fwallow
tree. From a man who, for feveral years, lited with-
in twenty rods of it, I procut-ed this inforn^ation t
He always thought the iwallows tarried in the tr«*
through the winter, and avoided cutting it dbWn, on
that account. About the firft of May, this (Wallows
came out of it, in large numbers, aboUC the middls
of the day ; and foon returned. As the weather
grew warmer, they came ont in the morning #ith s
loud noife, or roar, and were foon difperfed : About
half an hour before fun down, they returned in milU
ioos,
■^i>
If f»ydRY Of viXLM&iiri
idttf'f idittilil&rif tWd ' d^ HiH^ tilfai^ rcitih9 tibi
and tNii cttfftcifiikll Ifte i (UNM^ MilS» i;M« ^ ^
fikty liMt IMi tbr l^ftfdi^ It" #att (dt]ift^^
perfoHt in tlli iHdHi^, 16 Vifii tHb ti^; 1^ dW^m
gftidft thti vm^iri^ tbHf a^^ Ifae fiAU^M^ KT
ittfli oiitia rt^illidfldi, «fid wH(i a gt^at^^ Iia
vembct, 179!, the td^ oflhik tl^, wk| Itfbwil "
twenty f6te bdd# #]|«i^^il£e r#«lldwi ^sitUiak^!
hai.bdrb tto a^twaMoce df tht WiXIftf^itm. "tfpi
on ctittini dbiHk kh^ rm^mt; m tmfWfiift ite^
ty of ei^creiiitiitti qoilN, |i^ fe^tlietl Wfc>^ tbt|^ i
but ho appftaraittf^ br ^tHdu of aiiy H^&s. ,
Abothcrof tbefa fwaHoir tr<^i/#ai ^t WMM^^i!
The man who lived Uie^^^fr io tt, gave l^i a4«^
count : The fwalloirt wtH' fi^ft dmrved tvcdoi^
out of the tree, in the fpriiig i klSKkHtht tiiif& t^
the leaves Qra.begai^ tp ^up^t4^iL^jtriti.^fi6A^
that ieafon; tlj(ey eatte Out ih: t|^ tttb^oi; «^
half an hour after fartHl^ f Tfi^y- mied d$ ]i|(^ ^
ftreani,atbig as the hdM Sh *thj^ tf^e itoiil^ i^^^
and afcended in a pdrpf^hdicbH^t Hue^. jintil-thty
were above the height of iht* adj|«eitt ti^cs \ th^li
afTtiMnie^d m ^rcolaV iSbtiod, performing their revohi<^
tions two or three times, but alu^ayft in a larger ,cir«
cle, and then difperlcd in t^rtff dire€Kt)fi. A littjl^
before f^hddiriii^ they rettuftled in iain^diif(^Aiivnb66^
forming feveral circular mottbns, and- then dfeft^n^;^
cd like a dream into the h6lt, ftorti ivhetidd ik^
uint but in the nMrhihg. Aboiit the micfdle of
September, they wHttt feen eiktering the tree, for th^
kft time. Thefe biids were all of the fpecies call-
ed the houfe or cbimney IWallow.-^The tr^^ was k
large hoUow t\m, the hdle at #hich they entered
was about forty (tet above the grottnd, and' kbo\ik
nine iil^Il^s diameter; The fwalfoWs made tHtif
firft apptaranct in the Q^ring, and their lad app^n^
. »nc0
y--
Ar flu. a^^ m^M i^mmtmm v ##
b'<.»
iW
lail
m
. K ■
.^9?
I«
'^tcii.
iPlfPsr TVwff frxXrl/W. . , ,
pocuji^iratcfl C|^t€,^d p^rtf of the .ccKMi^ry, tbi» 4e-.
h|htful found IS iiot (Q be Iw^rd. Eitlier jifguaed
^ith foglobmy ?i fi9cn€, or diOiking tbefM m jtha
unqultiya|ed Iap4f, tjic inuG«?al bir4i do QOt^igii tq
iw^i i» frtrK ..i^^e* J 4ih to piit forth tlieif melody to
• *tm 'Me% ^u| ao« f^oiifif bas WM
'- «;ut doiirQj;^,tr^Aiafl4<p|>e^4
=mi^«»Y ■^' viiitiiiicA^:
the (S, #n the bifdig^K^^
flpot. and g|ye «tf«?t tM«l^^
nine o'^d^ te^miplf^ )mm^^ ^
ceafes.'
^Wiilflikot
and there is iii#i«Miiii»%^^ nMim^l^ML
This is one of thA^ilft 4ftlMlilbls4^neiril^
ture affords : But iiMll^lif^ii>ililii^9«^
it is not to be d4^ii^^;^mmm cu»mimim
|K»id«. iW«f|.NMidKWr4^«*W^^^
icwinitity dl^gdlflM#« mti^Mmmi^.
TtlJb'tSodre, th|w45f|ifeili^ : Hi«^
Duck, eight or ten. J^mii v ^>^n- r « (i*^: j f Ji|,
thiritir^'^^
under either of tM' ii^k> &i6ktiptioMi ^' Of<^
kind, tfa^Moiring are the moftcomtnoa and iiu«
merous, ' K . !
The Eagle, two fpecies. FaUi.
Hawk. four. /^i/r#. ' ' .
Owl, threes S&ix.
Woodf^ekei'. ftven or eight* FiHis. ^
Kinghtrd.' Lsniiu tyrannus. ^ -\ ^
Crow Blackbird^ GraiHiit qtnfiuJa.
Cuekow. Cut-in 4mtrit4imt.
Kingfiflier. Alftdo alcyon.
Woodcock. ScihpM riyfifa,
Woodfnipe,
4
3
V* '
p^t >Jf t l^ltl^
•-'4^d?^.<,>^ i2!.'>^'.., ^*i^;
' 'X. ' .?.,
'M
<t
It II wttrth|r Of remttik that m .Ifci >irc|t ol 4«Mr-
Idl, iMi^K |ni^^ fipom her nKkfrjptQUll, ^mr
fiifii|th| ant comge, it t|leJn«ill<|•^ li^ cHiMb
m pMlkr to Atnorka. .IRwMditi^ froi» the
kailft» the greiteft, throi)|h .iH tW iiM'iP>i#i««
lii| infill^ f^lffk^ oTciihpi. :
FISH E S.
OF the grttt variety of fifh, vhidk natniw liM |ii9-
Sliced in the waters of America, Jtot • fniaU faft are
foond in the intefnia ptffta of the oon^HMt. The
laifeU ccdlraton of wateit which we hay^ in V^r-
niont, are the la|ft 6^ai|itaii^ MeOmhrefnagogi
CoffiEie&iait river, wj^h the ftondt^inil llreaBMcoa*
aeded with them. In thefc watcra we h^o . ^
TIm Slufgeoo* A^ififffJMiu
Silnion*
HtStOKY x>f V£ftMOI7T. tti
-.«■«« ■ti'** "/.,>jt-*^ ft
Sallnott Tk^ti^ i^almfi JkUti, »
pi6M«^l, ^ Pike, ^fofi llfdkf.
Troiit 3fV<ii<flf#. ^
Kt^Vetth:' PireaJluvisf^Ht,
Whitt T*tS^,' Pires lueit^s^ ■ ,>
Pout. SHurus^feUL
l^hiher. Peti^npHih.
Chab; PercitpBiiaJilfkia.
Bream. Fwa cbtj/oftirs,
Bret. ClMped miiiimd, '
Mcrto#, '
Sucker;' '■, ■ ;, :
Pace.' '
Migration b i!i6t peculiar t6 this^rils : Several
kirtdn oPfklic'Si hkVe as regular periods of approach^
add cle^ai'fiircli ili tire birds of paffage. Tbis is th6
«:arfe iiritH'th¥1^1fhonJ In the fpring, about the 25th
hi April, thcfe fifti begin to pafs up Conn^.6^icue
river, ao4 proceed to the higheft branches. Aboiti
the fattilsiime, or i little later, they are found in Lake
Champliiti, and the large (Ireams which fall into it.
So llrong is this firftind of migration in the the fact*
knon, that ip palfing up the rivers, they force theif
palfag^ over catarads of feveral feet iii height, and
iq opposition to the mod rapid currents. They arc
fom^trmes feen to make fix or fevtfn attempts, be-
fore they can fucceed to afcend the falls. When
they are thus going up in the fpring, they are round
and fat, of an excellent tafte, and flavour. From
thefirft week in May, to the fecopd week in June,
they are taken in great numbers. When they ar-
rive at the upper parts of the rivers, they depofie
their fpawn^ a nd remain thcrd during the fummer
Q feafon i
lit TH« NAT^Ril:!* AiTD mVIt
fe^Coo { Imt beoome very lean, and fl^c^d, To«i!l^s
~ t&e latter end of September, they V^fnrn to the oc^in t
but fo nm^ emaciated, that they are not ttflEenrPl^
iifed (ioir fo^i. Some of the(e fi^lmoa in tb« fpr^^
will Weigh thirty 6ve or forty potindi. They nil-
grate only to cold waters. None of them are ^vfr
found to the fouth, or weft, of Conne^icut river.
Thofe that go further to the northward, and pad
up the river St. Lawrence, are generally more
large and rich, than thofe which come from the
fouthward. »
The Salmon Tr$ut, in its form, dim^ofions, and
appearance, viry much refembles the falmon ; but
the meat is of a nner grain, and of a more delicate
tafte, and flavour. This trout is found in Lake
Champlain, and in the rivers and ponds, which are
conne^ed with it. Thefe fifh are . taken with the
hook and line,; like the cod and haddock. Trouts
from feven to ten pounds, are common. In a pond
at Leicefter in this ftate, fome have been taken^bich
weighed twenty fi^ve pounds : Qtbfrs, much larger
have been feen leaping out of the wat«r, which the
fifherman- fuppofed would weigh from thirty five to
forty pounds.
The Piki or PUkenlahonnds much in Lj|ke Cham*
plain. It is there called by the name of Mufchilon*
goc, and grows to a great fize. They are eafily tak-
en with a fpear, and fome of them have weighed for*
ty pounds, and were fix feet in length.
Of the fmall fifh, which refide in the brooks and
fmall ftreams, the moft numerous and ufeful, |r6 the
trout, perch, and fucker. The trout, in its colour,
form* and tafle, refembles the falmon trout, bi|t is of
much fmaller dimenfions. The largeft of them, will
not weigh more than two pounds and an half, or
three pounds. This fifli is found in all the ftreams,
which have their origin in the mountains; and gen-
erally very near their fources, in the high lands.
The
and ulefiif, itid of neiriy t!ie &nie dioMofioiia^ #ii#
moSi ttiicoiBiibor it^oncd^ whicit Ijaofecvii^ frntt;
of theiiklMi^^^iMi#er of ii^tai«/ih» iii tkc io^
creafe of tll«to Jlli^ Mti UnoioiitH ii a broolf t£dttt
tiiren^ ir^tibt^ fetr#ide, madi«ro^r tfarae d^ij i«
which titt^tttnitaiid fudeer wtie to bb-lbaiifl 6f th^
comtbOii ifyk, ftted iMtoiber. A idain tvas hniiit acf«^
this ilt'eatli, for tli^pii^i^iof fupplyiiig water for 4
(kwRiftli' This dAiii ^rnM^i pOlild^ #bioh tSv««e€
b^ eftitiMitfkMi, aboift a dioufaad acres, where t^
trees were thtdt, iiifd th« Ibil had nei^er bees CQiti<^
yated. In tWo # ehree^jirs/ibe fifli were mulci^
plied-toan tBCredH>fe niliiaber, ifTbey were becomo
fo numerous, that at the upper end of the pond^
when the bfbok fibU into it, in the fpring the fiih
are fees running one over another ; etttbarai&d witb
tbeh> ii#n nilittbeb t akid unable to e(cApe.6otii anf'
ati^iil^fbatitiiiide to take thetn. The^ aretidtefi
by WtWa^^^ ^afbre i and the Iwine m^
theni%ithliiit diffieJKk^r, Witb a net, the fi&ep4
men^Oftiett lake i btlfbel at a draugitt, and repeat
their |M>Oi.^ with the fatti^ fuccefs^ Carts are load<^
ed with them, in as fliort a time, as the people csmid
gather tbem Up, whentbrown'tipon the banks ; and
itisttfftoiiiai^ti>iblttbeinin^ fiihingfearon, for
a mUn^hy %hh biitiel. Wtide they b^ve thus in«
crtiUkd in numbers, they are become more than
double to their former fiz£.r*-Tb'S extreme increare
does not feem to be derived from any other caufe^
than that of coUef^irilfif the wateiv in Tnch a quantity-,
as to form the pood i; and thus Increafe jthe means
of fubfiftence, by carrying the water over a large
tra6l of rich, and tinted tivated land. Events of a
fimilar nature generally lake place, when an arti.
iki3il pond is Q^de iii iH) part of the country, not
,}■.;■■■ i \:>i ,-' ■ -before ,
■ i
0aife.*, ■- ■ '<•; fi >4 ^ ..rv' ^\ ^^ •?• * -r ;i V
^ ^1« thfprvdxi^&h^k of 6(|^
nt fvliifsh ;^ey Ncome pfitfiict ;«rf^ :lm0lli^iii^
kt^nrMgCi and coflB{iatatKfft.r;i Tlie limollt.^ tl«^r|«
ponda, and lak^t^'ofc iever^)i!he)pe/|UMre4«5i>lMN»m«
The i'ea co»(l6 artf one £<ditiAti«4. ra«gp, 111 r^H^
ItoaH covered witJi ced^^liq!^ 9m, o^n m%*
snais'of the ocean J Tkftwkfiku^n^^jh^fhiem^
m the watf r : In the .feas of Attoei^tfav^^^ iP »Wk hf
i^nd initifrealeft peile&fC|fiMtif niigilitilde^l^
jfittmbers.- ... r.ivr^ -•,:■
h JPoflSi fhellf^ are &Q^eiitl)r foia^ HI Mie di^aoe
horn the banks .of our lakes, ^riv^flg rhrookfi 4n4
neadoiirs. ;Sc^erii^»^b0eiirfo^nd>iP# i^r
xather to 4h'e guilte9 of the moiitil^iniu J^f%:.pmf
idiaSktons requite a coU«£lioot4i| iiateif foe^^foft-
lottion. Naturaltlls hAve {tf^^pioM vmoifi ^mtHf
and fpe^uiatioiiSi to DipQPitiit tot lthiif(iUc^i«|it|^i«^p
^ ter in (tich places^ where thei«'«k«ftioj«r AQ^.ii^||^9
ances of the^kind.^ ;, .. . ■ ■ r .f^•■-^yn»^i^
In: their defcent Irom the if«Qiiiil%in9»(l}l^ IDK^
and rivers mn^tyftr^whftmhsifiifwmi^i^^!^^
into lakes, pond&,M4,fmaik lioUfcdlilinft of. llfr^^rj
*^P}tt nomber of Iffh III fhv tiferi dV' B6ath«fi>«r7^t/^ h •Ailt^
^q««} lo My thing<fbMnlits;p)aeiii^ili ths ndrtlieyn iptieta^ til
contpiMnr. «« In tbc^ M«r«tft9ar ' f*y# ?. A«»g<lf> ** i* *»^
'pirntifi.1, that, vyitliooc iii]r,.«r^,^t>«y mf isi^t tt^cip^ irhh tuir
b^nd*.** . . .. • .'^ . -^.^^ . ■( ^ ^ .
*• 1 1 the Orfnoco," <«rt 1*. ObiiiHIt;^ •* ifelMei'in-i^i*iU? »i»
rt«ty of oth«r fi(h» torcoifof ior (srits «b<Mid in fbcb aaabcrl,
thsf 1 fwanot find wor<U to ex|^e<|fi |(« 4 doubt, op^boc tbSt r«<^
MS /ffad in||r.4Ccoant piU acciftcois. qf (uaq^i^ticKi •' Bot I cm
• ffi^rm, tbAt it is as difllcuU to cdont tH^m. si to c^uot tbe randi
oirthe hank of that river." Hift. del. Orenoque»iif c. zii» p> S9t
M. de la Condaniae confirmi their accouati.
ioiig.l|tt^ IllllWldel^ I^Mt^^
in twiw^ Mt^^^ dA^tnltieat^ < ffilief ^dKJipiid^ ttte -k^eM^
hvA am # die lai^gtftif^e^ in tl|e bolttit ^^n* ^
mobi:,£tiiif are 4toii|p»r»tihrefy(4>f bur i 1^ Tpeekfi^
add rm$3l4<> t^ifffi^ j but iUkty f;|i8^# |feat i^iii^.
toad, I^JMW. V
Frog, pve. fi««#.; ,v / >
I^Uard. Lacirti^ ptfn{fat4» <
Swift. Lsf4ttafyeiuU,
There are fei«era4 accootits in aatoral hiftorjr, «if
to?d» b^ing found in the hearts of tree*, ai>d in
folid rqclps ; whoiljr i^ciofed^ 9iid (hut u|> frorirthe
air.
^ivie,diflt)f^)ftlfchfiKu«ttbiii. Iti fhe^M^nidiri of
^m^U Mewfimu^ li^hbut attj/^^iiilk eiittrailct ^to
qdcfyelittded, tfailt the t^d^ittilft liaV« bctefiicdfifiiiedm
iSi«t#tuatioo» atl^ft eigllt^ df* ate huiiclrtfd y^irf.*
W« iiave fev^ral iirftaAoes ill Vtiriiibtlf ^ tquiJiy ex*
Ih^diifvrf. At^iiidfbr, i^ liiiiy^ j6iiiing e& (>bn.
H^dicttt river; iii'S^|:ltiiiiberi 17^9, a living fi«>g Was
'di^i u^ ar the dtfp^'bf nine feefci from the filrfarce of
i^e^kh. Sttfibtt^jMe^t, Efqr fit^joi whom I have
tbiiatcount^ itifolte ttie^^thjil^the fili^ where this
ibsg «rat fottiid» #ii4 albitt half a^le from tlie rivi.
cr» on the intervale landtf, wki«h ate attnilaUy over-
flowed by its waters. At Caftleton, In the year
>779* tlie inbal^t^ntl were engag^ft in building a
fort, near the centre of the town. Digging into the
jeartb iivefor fix feet below the &rfiGe»\ thty found
ibtny frogs;; ap|>ariently tna^ivei^and roppofed tabe
.dend. .Being expoleato theairfbnimattoin foon a>
pear«dj and they urere^ foutid to b^ l^ltve, ztfn
bealtby. I have this account from General C/jri(f,
and a Mr. Mtttl/eii, who were* prefent; when; tfaefe
frogs. Were dug up. Upon viewing the Tpoc, it did
not appear to me, that it had ever, been- overflowed
with water, but it abounded with fprings. A more
remarlcsble inflance Was at Burlington, upon Onion
river, in the year 1788, SamutJ Lane, Efq; was
digging a well nekr his houfe. At the depth of
twenty five or thirty feet^ from the furfacc of the
earth, the labourers threw out with tl^eir (hovels,
fomething which they farpe£ked to be groundnuts,
or (lones covered with earth. Upon examining
thefe appearances* they were found to be frogs ^ to
- . whi^b,
* SmdUe'i Philofophy of Natural Iliftory, p. laa.
whkh» the eanfa every where adiiefed. The efatn*
ination was. then m^de' nf tkfi ^Tfh«| imtthi^ weO,
where |hcy were digging. A largrtmmher |0f f|i||gp
were found cdyfj^d, with th<$ «irth^aild A^ HHHQUQ-qiII^
that feveral of thenr were ca^ igf^CfS bji^hirfpidiir
of the workmen. Being expoied tp thf , i|jir» thef/
foon became a^ve ; .but ttna|]|c|o.endwr^l|M$di|^
rays of the fun, thempflr ^if th#ai}periPi«4^ ,|r^
account is from }Ar, J^«#,>nd tMr^ ^ipriiff ^^ 'ii
the workmen^ who were botl^ |>refiPnt ; piftt (1^
frogs were dug up. From t^^:depth of eaftl^tipfijyi^
which thefe frogs.were covered, it cannot bedoul^^
but that thfy m^ii have been,Goyered over in the.
earth, for many ages, or rather centuries. Th^ ap?^
p<riarances denote that the place' frptn^wiicnce thef^
frogs were taken,? was, once the ]>o|^om o(^ § ^^^tUSIil^
or lake, formed ^ the waters^ pf Qijipn .pvoiv hM
digging the ianie i^eU» at the ?dept|| >plf Jg^tyj ^cpcr
feet and an half fjit^pi the furCac^; j|be worl;^tt fpiiii^
the body pf a tree eighteeii ;9r ||Hrfiity in<gj^ m^Mi.
ameter s p^rtiy rptt(^n« but th« bi^tgeft pftt|^U»i»||^
The probabiUnr 19^ that both the tr^, a|id» the fp^
were once at the bottom of .the ciiaonel;; of '», t\»4jr^
or lake s that the waters of Onion Tiiyer,.f<N9||i|^
bringing down ]i|rge Qvant^^es of ivai;|hy.igi^||j|r
rai(cd the bottom : Toat l^ the coii|lai}| ii|f^l<pf
earth and water, the water was forci^ ^^vecv^
bounds, and formed^or itfelf ja new c)^nnd,a|aajrr
fage, in its decent 4a^o take..Qhamp||irf.**rrM^
vigorous and pernnanent muil the principie of lifip
be, in this animal ! Frogs placed in a (ituatipn, J9
which they were perpetually fupplied with moiftitret
and all walle and perfpiranon from the body pre*-
vented, preferve the powers of life from age to age !
Centuries mud have pafled fince they bfgan to livc^
in fuch a fituation ; and had, that Situation contin^
ued, nothing appears, but that they would have liv*
ed for many centuries yet to come ! ^
SERPITNTS.
' Thtereis a cortoUs p&«n6inendh felpe^ihif twd
fXthtit fpcciei, vi^icb/nedilis ^ d^l^s^ve farthei- t^-
^tiiries. The fjtrtiiet-s; anddther petfdnfs who fre-
£tr«l*It« ttieet^tlh %(le 4iti(r fielUte; ' afnt^^ ilAitr %he
tiMkiUBUalfl b^is »' |^#«#* dP f^mi^t^ oi^i^i it
glo^ %ritfi their |rr«ateft brighttiefs i his ^f^iT^pa^
^^f^ita^ imci^tikttil >iHlilaiSf , liif fii^ r \ilii >ar^
lir^eGi r^ ed^a6% ^uhrirg^fdrift th^tkr^n^buriiifiii
tateh, apij^ac^lis h^drer i^'VH#^f^{ik^
le^imuts, ifid Is iiirccfikntlf ft)|^4t(^;tiijt#tlfe bird,
^ilfaoiit^atif pow«i^tO'e%^e, csdiiibs withiii thirbidh
^ the .^ora<if0tis |»WK <if rhc fei^pidne, Wbtb W is irf-
fiattti^ietJBed: BM ifib« ftiklce is iittack^dj C^Mb
'dtfturbftd dilrii^ th« dpefatiofi, that his liitttntion is
itiufnied ai^otfeer waf^t the char^ i^ brdfeti ; atid the
'i)ird rccoreriti| htis Kbercjr, icnmediatei^ flit^^ dff.'-^
ihaveiKver BiyftlfTcan kity thing like thai fafciti^t-
,'4- i'fi^' ■ '4 ing
dOttplMU
J v
^' ,3
«re1lol Iii9#ii In tbis
'. II
to tOT eoQwiTi ^flimili IraNM* l&i» toe
^^A. #.#! iS?^^
totaiiicBFt56 m ^Stjf; WfeiJdicf "Sc honey
bee IS a flid^e ^ 1^ cotrtiuy, feenS to* V viewed
by fomte Mi nmmin. 1 j^ not $iii tmcH reafon
?itin tM j|Sbi)'l|( tfti Hbute^ Ms of the Mexicans,
It ap^^ ^4«4|w hoaey bee ii^imi knoira;^ and th^t
"^$y *^?*^^^« ^^ «*? *'^« anJ^ttaJ tribute whkhwat
fJ4i^ to tmt mpctoti before the arrival oT the Spaa^
R iardi.
it,}i
bv S(iK0(Mi^iii^^fe|Mir»jNd(9ui»ti»|iia
rproad o«er tiM jBtnpiri of Meiciepv IW t^ecibi^i it
liadtdviinced j|i f«i>.a» Fkmidi K Aid tlpsttifiiltiirthi
Id Vdli^ttin^ Atid th« cpuntf^ o^'Bnill)* T<i anciini*
■rid QQiiii|i)Mi.«*»Tliejr9 ^m^o f ^6iiin,lhett!luit»ol
tlilf iminf^ ov df the clliihaM^i tuiftkvhvkt^i;(im}^
tf^» ih the wo«d^ of yermc^iu»|f0m ijp^r b^ ^mif^
o^9i^ '9m0 fkntWaWy fimplied iMcli h^^ j i«a
liicf Ifiari ^ IboM oF > imr Uini^Si ^miMli Mifr liii
lira lifbllow 'of; a larfc trc^ thah I0 aRf v of cniiiiBtit*
t^M bee liivesv The}» 1U'« iM iboand iiii1Riifl|ii
urbeVeittie clifii&te it. iimcb^pore foimife^ihj^wi^iiDm,
ibls^rt of AmeHoa : Vhty woMilmmwtiaikwti^
^tei^ »id Q»r«ed alohg tbe aif^try:; wb|»« ^^jr
ciiHild &id cHi tn^iit of fubtiilefke^ andvis dtintit
fiiit mifuitld totbeir <«iFiporr. M^m •^^Mjli boen
Ibiittdifiiv beyond »bft EngKlli ^ikmnmih Wtm
our cirifrftviicciuaiftunci^ with Lake GiMrn^ini, ll
uNit^ to b« ' foond ^ in tkt ofKii landt; dbnf i ^iob
IHorttf uttftedilUlkciDf a|t bunded iniWt>frai|
^ ^he EftflfKfb ov l^ettdk rettlemef^ii add fbiif >lclbic9
* 'tbofi^ fecdeitienta Ka^ begun K^ attend to,it(&.ci|)|i^
vation or this animal : And from the firHfi^tfeipeBl
dlNewenfiand, hunting for) llietr oeRa baa liftb ft
•fiiVouriie and prof table aiiuifeiDciit««i— Biib^fll^lb*
chkf
.WMr'=« 'W*^ ' * > * "
i'lU
fi]Bfd th« MeM jot idmething^iuiiplMifaiUg, dh^riutifs^*
eriodiotti. TheidcG^iit^ tk« mfdornitm thMpiwtt
of tlw Crestciv irbnot to bo€llimued% Ibcli fedl'*
lBg«;feaft»md prajudteM. ' Thf reptile, th« inle^^
thefifli« thaJbvriiJAnd tbe<^dfuptd^^ bne'^ainiiicll
attheothir, d^Hota wi(dom^ power^ aod defigiii in
^•u^JbOrof i\ttigre : And che^«ve!a|tkee«i<Mticeak
ind toflianoevof the powierof afiioiiated iMture^ tnihe
dtffvretitp»ftaaf.thc;eanlii We may therff6re aa jt»ft^
i^M&d'cleairly dedvcf^ the (eiergykaadlofce of itiiina|ed
natttve id any coon^ from the fltemher etidtmag*
fdmdii^^'lthe itSkBUi allronl the Qp^^ aild 'dtnteio
fioof e|F any tiothct a^lmali . The Enf^lMifi 'pAAp
lofopbert iKMretf^elt witli uronderUnd aJbntChtnieiyi;
on tbe>ouOiben and ^ae of lhe(e anitHaU in Aimf#
iei« ^nrhefa^eire jttftly ftated^n feveral el febeil'
aeoounlai and they onghl t«» have coofdkidid >fydfli
thenii that the ^l waa nntfOramonJir M^i : ftfnib,
and luKiMiian^* Anxiottt to fiikl'matfli iof d<«rftdbi>>
tien in Afiteric^» they have almo^ unkvm(f/A\j^ tdm
vaneed' a eontrary coAelnfioil : That thii 'prolific
povdr of natnre, deniMed *i^ nficotntnonton^aiisii^
and dbgradation of dimaic* No condlufioa wm
ever fnithf r frtMi the trothg or niore tennOte : from
prolabili^. It ia on&y a ttich foii and a temperatto
dimatr^ which can produce irhai thef tfall a rank
vegetation, or nnfiaeroiia reptilei end infe^, of the
taigeftifiac^
mtn thia tmperfeCl «iew of onr mMd||Med:i,
Uffdi, Ml*, end rafeaa, ioftowi of findinpMii^
but weak and feeble in America, as M, de BufFoa
haa
"^'
■," -•''•<••■■■■■ ' ■ . <
^ipMii^Mi* lier aoimalt APJj^V' , to b^, Ip^M
adias forte.'! HiS. Ntt»;(vm. laa. edii. PvMi if^4>
'' ' ' . " *' ■ '.. ■. ) i ;- \" * ^ - . ' .
t . <■
.!% 4
Ui N
,^!»V .!J{
' 'U
? t t ... r. . .<
4K
r - r 1
^ -,M*i,.:. ..t.u.j^^., ..'C'li "■^/F»5t»
.».i
. . -. ,Aii4U^-iif' li «iife%' f , .
iilipidiw«>iii^iici^^ .1^
O R I G I N A' L T M i! A B I T A M Ts .^—Tke'Emphymints, Civ*
and Cuftems if the IndiMni: tbe AivUnfaih^l oitd
Vijadvanl^sif'm ;
■'•■■■■*.• ^ ■ ' ■
! i I N the formation of the tmmntalni,
livers, vegetables^ and animais, the powers of nature
appear tor. rileitn a deader and :bQautiful proffiefff
I'Bii .pip^rfft tts$m% tplbrcoinpleted in thf pi£ii»d«
tion ?of «: Tatioii4l)iino«ali'«ii4 acoouotable animal.
This ia&ii|ial- "h Manii Aa^ be evidsntl|r «ppdars'ia
everv i^artnf <thc globe»! to be at the head of all the
prudu&iodi of 'Oatuxie ; But the mea of diflFeredt
countries and nations, appear to be very different
from one another. /
The oriffiftal' inhabittnt3 of this coantrjr weM the
MioMsi Thefe were the only fpectesor kind of
men, that had' fpvcad over America, {twill beaMire
difficult to give a juft account of ihi Ms» tf ^mtri^
fa, than todefcriM its vesetsbles^ and animals. The
latter are ftfbje^to ftatod, and invariable la#S| thejr
pafs through but few changes and variations^ and
are always to be found in that ftate, in which nature
placed th.eip. Mat^ is fubjeCi to a great variety of
alteration^ and improvement. In &$ rudeft and
moft fimple i|a^e, m appears but little fuperionr tp
ihe brtHe rinJiii higheft improvement ana polifli of
m^nners^ he appeuiatan infinite remove trom tht
biit
,f\
m
tRB
cndlefs variety ot fteuatioiBf #j90 €irmml^ti^mt tfirt«pti
are ic«^n%^tj/ |yinft§ |im»Wllf'am^
natural Tjijjprepf tna<
Imtic tsalro,^h<
wecancV
llieliul^r ,.,^^.,, ,,^,^, ,. ,_^.,.^^, .,.,.,, .,. ...^,., ,-^.^^^
fimple fnQ^W)jnippfOv^ J^j iq^^ifii^^ M Jiu
.ever be^n pl^^ed,^ ^}Pm^ ;i^ .. uu i,v, ; j, , . ...
pearance of the InHiaii^ was dittefent from «njf, ^«
filer whkii iiBJ^n had.eycr.Jbc^yiewedi^ii^i'i^^r^^^^^^T
coloiir , pif Mieir fltin'^s of a redd^K |]fOif i;^..pef % r#.
fefiil^m^¥W^^ or cqppei; ,bu^, rf t^flt d4^r.
Theix t«<;cs aire hrbad^ the sole fppeafi &it^^b,]ibfw
. eycf bla^lqi^ fii^U, and rery a^ive. ^ Tt^ hair i^, tlwHf
,h(;j^ ja^ilvays blafk» coarfeg long^ |^ft4 .p^%
.llniig^i iod they generalhr. appe^ M«fitho^< ^aof
ilieard«4 i^\^ men are tallfr w^ &c o^iif^peafu^ bat
far^iir c0r(i^aiUaigal their l^^di^^^ fir%
'ilroag^ ao# jtfcU propprtjooea.^. Tjif^r |Batiii«s.4K«
venilajt m4 wall adju^4 F>vt their ,ca^n^lla1lc•
dtfcoveri ibmetbiDj^ wi)d, nerce, and ftgtienf < Koi^t
oFitheiB afoftPCQ £riioiedK mutilatedv or^jd^^mwd (
dcMa^^inmy ^ their fenfes, onr dtSft^tm any
«f>theitf Ibodtly orfaos ;.bnt Ariight, Mn\X buUt, an«
^obttft \v haldieiwpoarattce, arpKttt, a«4 coumffnanct
of ihQ t4ndian^» tH^r^ if> an .uocortiqiOiii ur^t^rtnity,
«ndi re%0blaf);Me. ; It .il tb;e (kmeia iU dun^tei^
jAcI ia.all the tribes of America, It ido^i pot varj
with
iinmi
r .^flTke roJIowUi afiODqnt rcf4t<i cbitftjf to t^ f n^tioi In tU
iiH^ Miwtteh caa -/ a^eottati ^mi • fi)«ttj«cly art dUtir cka
i;ttf;«Hofii pfrlbM w&o havtlivod aaioDf thf (a4iiM»
inno^atel/ ictjaaipted with thf n» '
I|i|T^RY Of yMMONT. - m
with be?t^ col4 filuaf^n, .ettplpym^Qt, or oiber w-
roots, whjclijtfee eai|^Jpi^ae9^>fjf^f^
fift; Infill %Jii^1th^irivfr« of Aineijfic* 49iiniled»
th« phicer, tb'^iifb ^y mmrptotwttQtthk^t^
p#fe^ AWd fllldftWth^iefadlliW^ d||(^|^
(bme df ilKfil h^l or f^iaiciiQimtiaiiiis jfe^a^d; And
tbiiv W^Hi |!^^e^a11^ cliftin^lt^ied l^y &ini( l^aiikuUr
od of ftiipj^it. f^ai fidoitP^^^^ tBcf fr^i^ i^kk «tfe
earth fpdtitSii^cbiiC^ j^foii^d, Were^ ^^
of (hort coDtiiujuiMk A few tribei o^ly ^oy^cl 1^
ii£cointii0cNite4»l»!^ w vjoinlty and 0»veiiihu:e,of a^
river ^ ^t Jkiiie Wiis ev,lrf wliere to ,'^' fimiid. .
The b«ar, tliie ^ej^» tticheiver^^th^ ^i^^p(^^ other
ammih, ^e^e ib great-niitttbiitt, and in ii^ part o€
the ^itorthern continent. From thefc, the Indian
derived Wj mf^ (hw:^ *pd plcnttfw} . ^pport. But
ttua BMVhoid of JfMTOClinng^d, ivemned gr^at effoctt
of inveniioot and «£Uvky »^ Tii« ftwngtb, the fierce* ^
offs, md thd fwiftnefii oi the wild anltna^, the fcc«
bleners
^•Hp
hWBTi^^^
I •
and c^lea forth all tHe'iCliire poi>fenM\^1^^^9^
>l«W|!iiiW^I#4|P^«*^^ An
4Mti^S«*i%#4 fiiv|[;^t^% tff^^!i:0 Oiefe 1^
^^^^^ nfej int. ^%cm^0^ ni^ Miy: if
karris l«-i ■lt'rt^«»l<^« mi^m»^^.-il^- _,#»JL^ JI ^_^^
l|lipi|pi |BCOBI^||l(|Mf (MuMplnPp'VK KllR lllQR*
f<M|ii|hfl^t|iH^^^ fio# ^^riicaHQiiii fiifipott.
f«|^^}«iy^ ^f|rhm the
|#i^«^:^^ fue.
ceft tui ibalV tli€^ iirere Muc^ folmdtf «tid
irai^. -Jbek ^tf^rififp this wty, were tom^mtt
eiilf«ilif|]^iett«re;! ^nc| t|efe>irai no ytar, fn whi^h
,1]^ 1r*r« jii»l (i^Q to tMl ftitrcmes, of gr^at
IfUnty^ and fev'cjv famiQ?. . »
The 4^Ml^eP|h€ Indian cdaforsied to t)i!s ftate
of tlings. . ti^ the temm of plentf, iho Tanrage io-
dttlged hitnrc^f tO|rea| tJKtCn In the iioeieof fata*
in«A,(^ In^n iKni^ ht#'hu9gcr Wtfh aftoot^iiig pa-
tiefii^^«ndfitjpherr. $o acoitllotned iras bcf to this
tf-i^' «* irregular
■^a^^*«m
Hrtb^tnfTta fii>^£«li»-«iiilllNt^1l#<tte(ttii'
rrotaalib4IMMdh«ciM||IH^ a f^Klitfltifiii^f^
and 0^>^iof govevniiMn^lfUfSti^ rtl«a^^kH^<#||^
the pmpmb^fiS»«mmf^^r<m4k&^rm€mM^
<H(liii%anii|uftf4i|ttlii>i»ind df Micfi^
THftiifly^fa^ ^ Jtvvii 4fe«# the j|4«i« A; th« fM^j
S wcr•^
v^l^nt&ofe {eft im ^Vimwu^wm^' -^il^bif^mh^'
If ays been the cafe. m^fiMtntf^ilh^^^M^
ermmq^t: |f ia^urie« were 4ow,if ^oof^fl^
4»i4»'n
■«» *
.mmmmmmmmmm
y^^
pw*lllp|if*|5.i'{t
l^BipflWInmnPCWITf Ul )f ■ll'R' V !« IV 8 "ill
v..
ftmmmmt^ . .
iBtii
bnity, pronounce it wetk^ lboK%'ittd.oiiAtn^pCii^.
But
m
ft^^'
fair TtMii fii^riiriiin^rfiiiifi iiWrimlT«m
sisiit |eiiM»ta'.cibti$fiQi>ta^! incei^fo die %ir^ ol
fKeedcHni#qE9*lii)f^^ii»i)iade^ and to rouler
i^ifeoii|^ ifi«icff^^pMaaeii^' lbr^i|^ the whole
tiiile„-^'-iia krjii V rnoty^h'^^'' ■ .... , ■•■-
i^n.-\i. i ^ SySTIM .
ip -trnmamiMi^ mmmiim
>«Ii;5.y4-,
vin
IxuMjuh
*WPPB^TW^^^^
hwiliwtthig <niriiiiii <fciiliiteit»yNiii(
£4
tSijii^Mp^S^^aiiiiyri ,
n»«N!i
iNliPlMJlMllJrtfflpi;!
ftMioi^^ ' laiiiiji^ijhu Mrttfit^iiart^i
thft.Mvwiipli^iiiii,'iiB>i>iM l^iiyptiaiiltliHiy 'g|iii!f%|lii^'-
^(^11 |biriiHbcl»'idiiiiJi»£fif«d^^ immmmik' 'Hme^
^^f^tbii^ produced^
iH»,|Miit1^|Mr^
'ilwiffiiiMiMr 'iiidfiiiiiiii j
K^^^p^i
'■^-■W^-,
fUM^ilj^ •#■'
.jjigl|^rjtTjfriiirhiiiii»
tceeivcs.
wmm «rtwpiiimiip , ^^
JL£_ .<^^ii.>. J. . t^
ii««^'^*^iai^4f«fW|^^
IP yMlMi^e»«Vi<iMi^
... .-^^
^y imwAt^t^it fit
WW
^tm^mm.
tiooi. IQ^
tiflfi
"■^aWT'
efeiferiiiill
^ilH*itw.'^^ infill' «*ifaNiiiyfii''»# ■■' t'f ♦: «**
k^^^^i^i^^^AjttA|L^j
1^
?fetjr:\*i-
|.<f^:)^ f#fc4* r-M 4.;^» j.^fi'^^^iJiig
l^u .' •;«■ ■ ■ '-es"-
^1 ■-. ^^ .>^##*^^^^^*^^f^^«*-^
tljyfWMt'itili
4^ ^^^ ^.H^,, Iit>4i^t|^j,l4^4*«^^
^'f^r**'^
stBW^
mi
W
wmw^'^^'^^^mrf^.
iiSiSW«^« ..-v.* 4"j.. >j*'i»^
2a 'iwil^ ■ ' -SsSJ
!T:^S5j
-4-11 i:«J:i -.
i«l*i|«<if||«^W?#,
j^iS-kS-^
ytkt
IheN
ftigaW
•^#ri^:i^
wrt^
tlM
Xk^
it
j."i|i
<Mi^i#n
Of
. '^ 4<^. * A ...
■'T'
r \3w-»«j
m
mm
blacef m timTor^
great ai^i^rlic^ti. ^lex W«r
makihgajRipe. fornMM
the women : fm&ivtinMm
be roufed ^|o ai;»5li3Krnd ofl
time is of nSpPlf bf|^^
ing arid war;1i"«fteAm^<^|fij^
tenticm.- -^f ^T^^
*iT)i
DlRTlNBftt.
'■^,:'
I)AliTl}eu i^^,Cl«ai|lme(f fjccms to be io¶btf
lg|nia«elSM|#l4^lk^ 1hmt4e$tteof refine*
l^f . 7iK|lr|(«{Dmlts «^ iievftf diaiigea 61; wall.
ted,^>>ti^ ^ej; irtar to n^, sIimK #atte aw^. No
ijiri of c^amtiie^ ieetiis td^ haire ^j^^^^ |o^o ^l^eir
nuidi. "^Tbia fc^nis to be one ol the ^j(U)tii9;/<j^
moa tio aH, ffvifeif : loadl^c; and laxf^ Itbejr a!br all
i^ioel^r i^iliy attif dirty.
Cri^ikrtita.-^aiiimgis ao amafel^ei]^;, ttf wbtch
tttdcteofie aill want'of eiD^Ioyment nattti^fiy Usti,
AhoittJm diacupaticltts of iab6ar»atid iMtboi^t a tafte
f^ o(i^l^«fi^ many 14 c|i^l|zed life ^d
m ttlkl 111 f^t4* ^ t^ f«^< #^iMo)eiiee ; and
^f aji^tbi^^^^yvea^ffid^ baatf.
Ml>!redij^ ibiB Imk o^ a^^otive^tbeiai^e al-
feiaUa til :^aiif|ig,is fl^ 1^ I|vbizrh0 miiil^ :
liidyieiit aiid^dl b» ail^ tbe duifet^ns of labooi,
lie becomei dtepy eo j^^ged^ i;^^ and ooify
in |i^. fyery tblRg be w)!!^^ ia fta^dlit there
liiii^OQa ^ and be kofts bis |eace, bis f^fes» and
i^ llAt be is iirortb. fitittbne aibiifetnaala do tiot
m^^ conllib^eii 4bdjnarreb rlE^^
3oin ftth a ftaiitic ea^t^iel!, they are |enciil]|f man-
^a|ed» and terminate, in g<icKl bnmdnr and pfeace.
SDWOSar-TAfcrfe to ail ab^lrafe meditations, the
Iiidiaiiaare mtich deKj|bted wttb fp^jk. ^0 an £u-
ropi^n far, their fongs' d(i hot iStm iHUcb enter-
tatninents nor can f^ drfcem himi^t melody,
or any Tarlety iff their tiine$. Hdtr#irer this may
^|ie, tbe iaira^ are alir^a'de^ked ^tb muOc.
their fong»arc of a grave' and^iiofiis turb. They
• never
f)ut to fteir inoft tmooi tmj^ianeo^^ It^ff kim,
(ongt For w^r,Uinp for viCbry^ sun^ fiMifs: lor de»t%,
Each of tjitm 11 deemed ^i^imbI^
require $ ai^pwy hff«
ftcling$, aMlWwftlit^ Am^ ll»l ^ .
of deat^ umM^ vifort ^ <^o ftvil|;o i
burning i^ m^ftm If)^^ 1^^
the ibng of triaim m
I)AKciNo.--rlfm4g lias Mi P»^ #1
ite amufemenU of all natums. la dir^'
cbis aQi|»%||ient is dj^figmed fo proiii|i^
of maoBiers^ and fenr^s to <^06; t&e 6^
delicacy; wliicii afi(^M^s aad feines _^. _.__^
Dancii^ M alib tkefavOttriteciHploymeiito£itliefa«i^
«5 io every part ol jhie j^Jie. Jt (p^Ola fotli Iihl ^
and ^ia^ I^^9f^%i0r6&^mt ialo em^
and eag^«-|[|]r^id of ^ii^an Hmuleiliei^lii ai^
of gallan|r3f»30i^ or refneiiijNlt, da9ciQg.amoiu: t^
lavages, Is 4 ceneoion^ ^ |«eai impbrtaiice aiS ^
rioulhcfiu lirit^^lt^ic|f^oii)^
ambaflador li fecemd, ^d pca<?e is conolttded. t%
is by a dani^Bi, lj|i^^ imiidrtaiit jtHKoJpiQioa M
iJuWicoriiSirl^m i^^ **nc<^
«re geo^i^ ^ij^ ob fcy llie mea, aad tt is
feldomibat w i?o»«» ^^ p^ailtti^i to joio ^
them* At lii«t fteps^ fgiu;0s, aiid ttfotioaa 0^^
daiiceb ai| cj^sm^ . and Igoiicaot of the J^i^rk
? '>^ia«N^^ to d<^>f!tf ; If #ar b j§
be procIaMii^j^ da^ i$l»x^^ tetm^.
ncntniid rag#t%1idin,to thfijr eaeit^cs, iad of ^
^ttilc maaa«r» iA:ifh^|^tKeu^ j|i^u;|b^ treat ^tmi
%??<*^i^|!^|Mn^^ Is(this,thCtra^
IWj^of^'iyt liimpalriareto be expredfed;
Tke
-^-' •
1^6 T«» NATURAL Aiip^glYIJL,
of being bairely ah amufetaeBV^i]j| |livi|jrfioiik i^MPP-
fciif amongibe lodiafis, *' ^ ^ ' "' " -^^ .^ i »* ?
lious ccreiBony s
tant tranfaj^ioii.
|»i]Bons, wliich ie ttould uatw-^^^ ^.w^^^w,^ *» .,
not remarldible. ibat athoiiff tbe ta^j^ iii t^e firii
^agic^dr fociety, dancing uioum be rad|i|tM ^^ P"^
anclimtiqos of it, %iil4 be a^a (g l^fkdl0O | an4[
tbae. Attoi^tMiiil^a iijttl(i£^ aft prl(^ ^D^ no*
tioni fbottid be i^rittout 4^pjg^|.ip|^
without any tiieanthg at ajl pl',^ " ? ».
(lHotily^a^e Wen varfciii;^ and d)i!ei^iit, i^eG^tfOtlng
ititlpnl
fbe&r beards, Sc^rpej^ifii jpj^ri
^'^^m
Z9
/
give ti^e
with
' ft^lt
1 ■ 'S .' __
0 t tt i ' N A tttH A t AH b CI VI L
i^iki^^!!^^ lii^ at ^it it
^ J#^ PlaE^tt the
hem their ea^vet f and who ;havti t^en all the
ibtmt^ o{ aft Ifldian fkniilf , dijifle^ and undrciT-
cd^'andia^litiiacioiip. The ililD^ it aflerted by
Hubfti^ho htVe li^d aiiibii|f the ^ilised tiribes, and
It^ called '^:|^«ifonh offices of httQMiii%, to the
|i»liMit of each feic- The heardleft tgvimnaoce of
tfoUtldlib tfactt^ k iiot'tb Ibi^ ranled atp<>tig the co*
iikk^i^extiioiil^ nature^ but
a^tblreplaokdaltion^'rae'cuftoiiit MCtiiiar to the
^!3|kt7yftBiririiit;*;-^ratd:eiinert it o^^^ of IhoTe
^
mm
ire my irere acqaamcea
. ^, . _^^ hMl qiiodVered m ooBipofi*
fi^><^ Ifi^'of^aii'i&^iil kabre/iiiidd out
«riiiai^ ^irf^iin^c^. Uttc the dilficul^ of pro-
«grniir)i>i|eauii(ti^^d^ my
dnlerarHflltMrA^ q^ ekcblt. Np fiMi^er had
l^r<tiiKkrirtbi:*feiritti0ikt^o^ by the
t/m^r^^' thev tobtSSbt siSS ^if^t^
which tlMjr arere whplly tinl{ll^ to tfovera. The
^oN^^iii^ ilil^ h^r^tiel^iiich of the
9l^^9Jamm^iiy %Ud i^di^r!oa.: With an
'^''"'^^^^P^HVi^c^bc'' uncontt^abk!. the In-
^ImntmimWmei ' Th^/Hrft'^bj^^ 6r ibqoiry
With thiWi^fNi^ii^TfaeT the trader hid hroiij^t any
whMMp^ey can obtain ftrong liqijiort, iDdttI|e
chemfelves wit^ov^ mod^(i<)^^i(Qd wfQioyif diBcen-
KisTo^y Of
cy, until univerfal dra^fni^s iaIxj
climate, ig^t^lbt i^t^
ffeneral aiul iinifM^ri '^ffim
found to jiafi i dbi^xjM ' li j
their inaijiier, ^u^iiSj/f "^
conftant tnet&pa of It
fneat/iiaifi^ll #«f)B|.
fires of natufie j, atid iMfpi^
for everv thiiig, whmm
and inffannniatoi^. ' Wlf
fpirit, they fctoh4 A^. wl .
ffratifying to fucK ijHl i^^tlttf.
fuffcriiigs to wl^eli tlli^ loijlfja^ ,.. _, ,,
want oroonifortable tffrt{tup»i^i$ti0
the extrcttiei of heat^ iiXfl^ ab4 . s^fEil
they urere rtt^>£l»wer^ cbntUAllv
toaiiaa^iitt ij^iexr^*^
people; w1i0 Wwfe hM H^ — ^ ^ .„ „
for a few nioi^iL WVi^W^^^^^
temperance. The Inaiiii;^i-^#et%!h(^y l^p.^
to the trial. UnacoiftotQed Ay % ' a^jf 'ff^flii
his appetites and paffiosf^ ad^ iii||i|li ft| Ugar'i
fmalf ottantity fof ^be lUmof, tb jrfeilt^ll'^llti
Qnafed, he is oirenxmi^ tt|iefith(tf firft tx^ ^Ui}
petite, the tQOrelfiiam^by irffi^^lij^
becomes wnoittlt^ and /agio|2 dttfl jmi^M^
puts it out o^ KiifkNTtft'to iaMgi^iiblifftf 1<
er. Nothing but a toul change «f the whole tnu..
od of his living, will enable him lx>in^Brre thetiem^
peraoce and legularity^ which to a' pcrfoo furroafidea
with all the comfbr^ of life, it en cafy ihd a cOm*
mon attainment.
Cruelty. —There ate Ao paHoss in the huim^
mind, which operate with fo mueh foice and lleivco
neft, as thofip ol anger and revenge. The cttftoms
1*1
^ vAgcr Qf nis Qw^ in-
if^to nrUt be fowpd foi
t At a &^< th^^ ra^e
>^ in early life, t(i
,,, _ ,,.^ JkJc force o)r ed-
cttftom^ hflftt, incl oiapneY of liv-
^^||6r|n^ie9Mkt(^i^;^&e handi or
i^o^U and yjiiit of Ibint.
. ;0^5|irit of y^geiin^c, all the
if if fHtf,}^vt plliced the point of
[f
•-«ay^ and jimpfePjiDW paffidw, m
^^ : MoKl^Q; tie deftruaive
rcjr, tli»o ,P*^?j^,P*''S**n •» '^c
^ - barbaroui
deilruQioQ,
_„. l;l[eiice the
me^liod of carnmaa on bii .^ajr» wm to dcftroy mf n,
infonifin, and^c^^tl ': Tp, plunder and bu^a their
towijisJa^d vitutges : To torture and torment their
ptifiWi: And ttrffverp oQF whole tribes with an
^ * univcrW
irip&kt.
^«v
^
ttttirtitOL
Isffdr^)^ JT Iti iani4^ f»r exceed^ W ,#rtg wM im
im timp^tftAti hf the Indians^; UJt aie td^
Cl|re| .riMUioii^^ 1«0»^
Jk^fihm and ^f|«V7i j»^<^Vy 6iiel,ftr)a <u)r<^^|-
toil* , vT*|f{HfjJw<.pf^c{»^ WM for
tiqt yft^QQ* imiti ivB^'^fmvutm^ CQ<)$£:atiopi
litfd death mi ^^.IP^ «>^^ jftfritMi, w^e. the puoifb-
menu fhi^ V^P.M# whc;iie«er thqr bad po€er, q^i^f.
er failed t6 ififlid vrith greet fjl^ejirttre, upon tbofe
^ho wiere #ife and virtup^ enough io ^ppdTe theiK.
The tnafllMire 00 St. Jfartholodiew's dav, ih 157.1^^
wa9 9^ of the mc^ harbarous fnd hbtrid of ^11 hq»
man tf^nfaflionsj In the midft of the mou polity
tity in Earope, the kintr, princes, nobility, and prielU^
turned monfttrs, aflafTin'.n, and batchers t and mur^
dered thirty thoufand of their felloir men^ on ac^
cotlntof their i^eligion. Their rage was attended
W IV ill)
^ Mr, Bur^e,
tf ^ thr liiai^nf. ' At ti^Ncdidit^ ir^f nl
tfieir^tlvtt, |^iN0 |;tiglifli^]ii(f^; ^oA<^ #^1^^111.
demntdC iiid execttte^ «q^ ii^ oths
en wcte^iit tv cotiiiitte Ifa^t' astysM^WIhire^
lyf tii« W^fttndiut iilaild» V A >iiJi^^^^ t# Hbiiii
anore'fevcye' tifanr-ieitfe^l ■ ■' '''' " .j^iinr;.;
rfce, bigotry, and reireiiKe, pfd^iide ftfaii^lwi6 ikjifeirild
'IJpirit among citilized aacrons, trtttoitt appears witb
a more diiibolmai arpc^i 1 not like toe ^|e^^f ' witii
Beafts/but !13te the ftkry and vengeaii(c;e or a eomli^
natfOD df apofta^te Ibirits^-^The proofs of ^l:6owI-
e^e, hmnaiiitt, indfcfinetiien^will sff^Hj^oiify
tpftiwlreij^rfofto^fva/ ^^^^ ^ r
^ch were tbe regulations, co Aoniti alrif inan<ler»
of the Indiinv the ordinal men of AiokrkM^ They
liave been viewed by phUofophert, hi the iUbft op-
pofite and contrary Iff httk Some have fbppofed
that the Indians were in the infancy of exillence,.
thac the whole continent of Attterica wat but lately
raifed out of the fca, and that fier hihabicantt wttt
' in a (hte of degradlstion, ujDWortfiy i& be compared
with the me rt of the more ancient and improved
hemifphcre.* On the contrary, others have eor^
f«Rnded rhat in the rudeft and mod fimple (l#te, man
^attain^t ^n independence, a dignity, and a noblenefs
of mind, which is never found, but is always loft^
amiUft: (he rciinemcnts o( poliflied focietics : That
fhe '
• Bttffony
l^lljil^S^^gl^ i^ will b« ^ef^
view this
ilate.
, ■J.nK.^AirA^^ $ii^tf lAvouRAtti to thi
pi^^^Lf if,^ ifet^i.^ I•i^()(^4^> ViO^oyR Of THi Body,
tb^:f§Y^»pi i^^^ ma)? jpljr be^ lefteJeaiec) one, and a
matter 9/ iilis#k j^por^iic^p tjk^t h was favpuraU? t^
the VJgoi|r«a(SUvitf, aa4J^aIch of thelnidf, ll i|
by exei^on an^^xerdrc^ihat the bpdjr. acquires its
Kfiofl l^pf^ fta^f <)f f^vity^ firmiie(s,vigoar»ao(I
b^^tJI^^ m theforeflsin ^uell
^a^^^^m^! Indian ttcquirfd an babit and adtvit^
in timi^Uiogi, ibat exceeded tbat of any otber peopled
^^r^|M j^ttd^qu^edi tbe ilnmiiean.-^Mo people
betf W^m^ fttip^ litigue fo well : Tbe
cxtfeoit^ (Mf!)ieai>iadxold^ of honger and ^birft, of
bad weaf^ei^ and of ba4 adcfmmodaions, are per-
fe6llyfaiiitltirto the Indian: And be bears C^em
with a.Q}^leriei9e^,|ipoabis conftttution* than
tbe men wfio ^ve 1>e^fi.ii^d to better accommoda-
tions«--->l}|||ccuftom«d to the Ibady and regular em-
ploymen^ ff jg|riGiiUur^, m$ body does not acquire
the ftreng^ (h^t tbe £ttropeant ha^e. And when
tbe exerti<Hii,M an exertion of ilrengtlL:||nd fteady
labour, thei|ii|JU^e man is found to be uioJIrongell.
Tbofe only ofithe Indians^ who have been educated
and trainec| up to fteady and bard work, are equal
to the wbit^ Jmen jn bpdilf ttrength. In running
the race, finitm biaring haraCUp, the Indian exceed {
Iwt in urenfth of iKxly, and beariM hard and ftea^
bfcourilie b gieneraUy unequal to ue European.
In
iQsm^
Mm
m
m
Lttw^Lf
^ i^^««%^.fi»l»lfe,ft«ff^
iod paralytic diforders, mad^e tfaip caOtl^|i^tiiel^$%
pas m uiM^ mtt6irMmi'm^'^ ^mfm
*rkliy ta be fiittM a^o«i^5ilft^ '
tJe6pIe. fiat a]f they HIOTiA; ^f^'jji W;IWpb
Snd coMbaiatf6H; iio tkk(^'%:i6mi Bmi m
dnd atethenrid acdSums of dte^ttf aM,l^
|6Whi«itl they it<dt^/;:Ar'Jj(pir«^^^^^
hetii to indicate, that t^f^^l-iSkotin hS^Kf^tf^
:i£^» were to bt^iMt^peii MvMutMW^h^t^'
' ■ Fa voclik%^:f0 f li^fi^iy^ A^NW'I4ii(txTa^
i>rott)oted m vigt^m^muhdf'mmfi'tk^M
to produce itidepcndettd^, l^rtno«()»| A|fidii^t!^od«in
the mind; Inured tdTuifeHng»hat^j^¥|i^ diti-
gtr, thrt^j^d (^ i^ favd^fi was foirmed t6 ; iir hani-
ual firmtr^^ arid bburagfe. Hf» mih^liffriMiiiietoM.
" pofed and coff^aecf in crhical and dal^rerdci* fjfk-
tiont ; An4 h)^ fuSeted but; little from appreheo-
fiohi 6F fear.^tHe'ft»id^^«^ rt(^ a^d in^
cnce, was ial^HM^lkv^ i^timt0tiiy e^
filmed attending fali^du6ittoti, ehibldynii^^.yiMv.
ptiitbn. Neimer cbiVed^^ lior cheS^^d % fiiiMy
vc?tp» retarded or (lopped in any purfuit, he kne^
dtgnity!, «r^8,hift fovtituiie and , brav^ry^ 1^'4|^
«ilc^
hit f#iiAi% i#i#ifitalifii«^ii^^ m yjfar pin with Uh
l^fcliiig^ mi #ith mm:^6)i^i^$tiih$n otfagr totn.
theiH: ii ^ Icte^ defieli ik liil cdtiftiltifl^ Hit
h6)ti6v»^Vi:^yk ft<^ fiite^fl^'filt b# it «i%^^^^
fbe (bte^dKica>Wl^it^edai&i^|W^ 1^.
^fak. mJmm'^HiekfAtt^^m^^ of nie
(Jtyfl^e itl«|%lkii i»Hl^^ mid
v'tgbnrupiin^iWmmA fn\nd,iHnM fef 6r acqttiitt
miAjft the lififieiiiMft liiid foftttefii of a more poUAi-
ed it^te of Ibdefi'. Re6iiem^ti ii^ ^ irtt, Cftft.
fen aitid reUit the mind t philofophy dibilitatet iie
^(Miy 'nrhiie It itiHt 1«» tolrea m tl^iiftfkam^ ex-
ceiti, m the ilftlid» Ci# to jiv« It a fm hahit Iiii4 tone
of'fhittllhliiM ealifit: Wt in th^l^dettefr Of the
mggthm^tvtff^Wiltg eOttcten t^g>^ ui uniltet-
^a%Riiiefi to tli#l^y» itid foltfaeiteiiidi the |)rin«
kr
die %mt»m »P<^ ^ ^)^ |liaiiil;,,h%f j^fi»ci|#f (ieifiel or.
#^i2^ ^^e |^Mf|^4<^ i^^j^if ^1^^
«M:«ii{Klli» skU^ll^ If^l^ i«4 f Kaoim^ be«|akKB 4
|)i> iCe$Jm(W4Qfeii:p^^ of hi^ourn
jln^i^;^ lib ^h^^ i^^fodoiiii^ loi^b^
'|]Mll0ry MKiQii^M Mi th» fetv^et Jie^^iii^A wilder
,lei|iJ5tA*ilS0 ffMteft <rf'«U MMMl^iiti vw *o ex.
tttwi,^ iO^^^io^ jir$n||l||i^9l^ ana CQQ||iiwfti.
.l0itet-f!& ; lQr;a^t^% ii!Dii0|in^.i^^ % y^lr^ft Juriglo.
ma -J^fery 1^0^ thai; glofi^ea itttlie |i^
Wage^f^vViQa Jo ipcrej^ei^MfcllJlr to the
cIM <^:fiow«ils, tMeTeri to* ih$^^tmmm^ f^^^
^jtx^\tQf,%(^thi^*io^^ t|f^ gave dim
biirth. .^TW p#i^(He<K>9i;kjD$Mitof9l^e|^tde fiieiii-
. |»ev»vOf the faoie tribe : U feenM tp h^ye Nj^'^ '^
#^(| rooti to have a^d wit^i^t^ |refteft force,
■luji (Q have lieiiii the teafticarropted, tii the ^vage
y > A|fi^eti,t{ier iQterefts 4>f thek eoiintry «rere lo be
fiwMf red, j^p^ lir§4m€$ and w^iMl! were cKttJajr-
f$4 fe *W:Poi»nfiiKu J'fcp cyfftii^teldiMff WI»fif!t•
-^I»l^higrc^ d^ihw^HWH ^<W«ttfoe(i,ab4fi4«?n# f
. iW4 wiMWi«i?Jf "^RP^Wwi^f lof |rov9catiaDM icefiW*
ofql3 went|
" ■ . '■ V »
Ivery pt^Wj#w|«i^^
calmiieis^ |u^^il^|J^ ihi^r^f^M
tribe. : TMW:4i t^EwNat^^i^iim' '9mml0
;to ^e account la^^maimm^^^
the moft deai>{ iliatujObkr^o^ip^ >»aiMb
«poo;©t
•1^(1
greyer iMiw^flrpfr*^^ %at^^^
nothraf t6^ be g^i'silMf i)r liitri^tiiS^ Stflimutltiotii, or
e knavery.
* Ck«rl«vol» iii, ««♦ SAfik^i Hift. Ilewyi|rlt, p. S3* Fhil. SAt*
Vrt
^<it the whe«tr"<Ifk'Kas beeti iilklto fi^«^ttA^ tl<'
*i;.f
1
mi
9mi
1
citn.
lOtteh,
-* X relief,
r
ii-
\
mmm'm
•v^irHt;
mmm
n» iKKmimmb, jmomlan.
..•vi;-'*^'
(I
Jm>i fallal It n fltiK^tfci^ irfrfit itaffiSyr """^
t i^ MM'HIMMIB|^MV|^II#'9WM
JAPifeNM*' €0!Wfl$(K99^ ftH
.^m
^^j^^^
nil
i
^m^
'«^>;
kiff ij^j
fwKttn
The fur^
pkingiM
. *>
0MMSKUt^
'if^,wm^
riiaM
nm.
.%^
^¥-0t'
:'im^0l^-
mH^^^i tUttM IliA im Mill ^liliMili' I
^^^^m*^^9 im^m^^W^^ AHMKI^m||1P' ^WPBBp^i^PI^^
W^
./WW^iki.
#iiipi
j^U i the
4ilier'lifllliiMMr ipl '.
■rm^'^mm»il^'^^ ^, ^ „
If uiiiHo#s^'M^Piiiir Mad i»M4ikidBicl4ii-^tlie»l»i^
treise labour, w^% fermtd into a liollo#^ «itd ilkii
wtt6 litter I WMJ^^tyi iraHnr w&i ^•i« lo ^JboUi bx
Tlb^fftiteA iMH^ntMicfli of tlib Ifidlmi fetiioa^
was^r eoDtamm f^ iw c9MPe« Wttfar iA&iit»
Y ' labour,
ll|»»of' invefligation^ Nor wa, tiatt mv thing Mi
thing Mi
i*» pMi
4.^ ^J^fllo&'f If 9ttl OB VMIinil^ > 160*
JMOMllllDaiii
« .
^%i
¥fnri
T^^fHt'
mm
'iPr
PM
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It
^^'**€V
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I
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iftfUi
fTiUlru;
»^i!km|
^. I rivi?j^
Wd'4^t[MlrfPf
Jriiftiil;^*^
'^fl^ii-5^
f ]WMrtketchtBHiil.of Mao, Vol.I« Sketch i. VoWltt.
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IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
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III
1.0
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Sciences
Corporalion
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31 WIST MAIN STRUT
WnSTM.N.Y USM
(7U) •73-4S03
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eeen
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fent nations, m Afia. fin4 «|
mm
m
of m^n weje feCfl^d in t«e tia^cSgi^y^^^
I6£ir :coWr 4irnei#,n8. fe^l^f^i ft? epSS'f, they
tjteir npfes th^ ^nd <^yfip^^^ ^eft^ cdlll
-,,.. ,.,,.,,.. ,^,-, M^i
&lii,il, their c!ic.e|s^^4t-d/P^
,>ows ai^ evclidt thick J witli fmin le^ IdttliaAds.
^ Thw^^iatlon hiij fprwd oye? tfeejiiiift norlli^n parts
tMAn^^^^* They aF<: found in Qfeetiltirf.iJn the
>alUf Labradorc, in ttttcffpi^? bay, and kail tk
<^afca a^d fflaiid^s oh%U w4ff 0dr«rmrt*rjiica, op.
^trtpK^AfchatK^ Their ^|rWM? had ei
^-^^ to >Jorton^ foahd, Oaate&l, alia Prince
" Wafiam's
ViiBtt!i;<
«mil«ritfMJNiii«yi^ It
ance of cht^if«6ple..^ti4fef tli^al to bc^tlie tiise^rai
the Upl«^f» «fo ZiHAUai^eh<r^aiiid'^li tfld
the Itartiri ii diecilii,, ' J^ik« th^m my aitt'i tit-
tion of aMHI. ; fariMI «6^li«ii ihf Cb«^^ WMMretf-
ing ^!id dwiWHiins ti;>WaVdf l^ 6dHh; *S%ey HkH
of £at^p« ft^^merksa hf land, » aa yet ui^tjcftro.
Mj' "^ -^ ' - ' "
cirtll
fromvl
voyage wab mi:^ t^ ^^^^g^^ : And thit vas pr^i^tr*
ed from Ibe «iirlteil ^iit<M» of if^t^ wt hwh any
acooiiflit, ,1^0^ ihe nitttj^ centur)r, #he.'^ navigation
was ^ktnifuAyiipA^i^S^ the :^iHte'lroni Europo
, to Amerioi was fo Vtt!undeH6|i>d» thaie t^e Nortve-
fins ^iQitid|ind%li«!Jktl|0t^ c^Wea In &r^nUnd.
Ii6i^ ia litft }^1r«^ thb
nati^^f ly^l^^ir,^ de^^^^^ the fame
peopl« % tll9iilbil||j^|j| £aropc.«^Thdr
defcen^ tii«fef<if« iaall tai^d'beeb jFtom the T^itars
of A^r/orti.wiij^ 69m tfetem, thjit the Laplanders,
;who ar«,rpr«»d over tlie northfrellern palrts of Evi-
rope. i|«hs dii^«4 Intho yeair i>$9, Pere HiU,
an aft^omlr^ tlatiittiy, Wai fen^' into Lapla'nd
to b>fiCnre tli^t^njlt <?' Ven^. ' t|ts able ^hiipU
^berbad a |pa|l:i}p)portifnity to. become acqiiamt*
d vitlittio nanh^s, eaftomsi foatiiresi and langaan
■ .' * - : ■ - 'of
40 ' tv^^^i^m^ ^^^^
$fmii^ T^'4»r?;| »ii4 tjkp ^^Yj^Mm tm HlMigari*
pi^<iri|j|Qil||y:§i|li|| from tljf teftTtewi«i|f ti»«|
f nd ftrpift tte feme conany^M? , c
The tWQ$mi^ pf n^m tfee© ||/|t mH lo 4njNc«,
ftrere tltBjdvM from fhe fnoae {aoiice. The lnuiltfii^
#n4 tb9 i&(^tti|Dau^, were both d^fcen^ Mom the
PMui 0f ^^lia f ^nd prQbahly %hc mo^ of ibeoi, bom
Ihe (aoic faa^tiQiii the T«a<H'*<^n America theq
fui^ure had not made different races of men, £t|cd
for, aii4arigii?a)Iyplapedia4i9isrjent climates^ The
fneii of AmeHct were the (ame i^ith the men of Alia :
And both of them mimled from one place to^aoflth,
fsr, an^ fpread througl all thfi various climates IRb^
earth. Tjiey were diftioeui^led by the di|BBef:eoai|
pfcom^exion.dtiiienfiO(i,?eatw-^|rbUrarjcu|toms,
find pccttliarittes qf manners, as ipucb'iM the ii>ha|%
Itams ate i(> Vher p^rts of tl^e' globe. But rttdCp
differences m«(^ ^ave been fiectvod from cUmatei
food, nianncr of living, or fomie other cincttroftanoei
for they certait^y were noit d«rit«4fKom • differed
cirigio, or amr parfic^laf Ipctl crfta^bjpL .
The ccnltitution of ^^(^ apf|e#|i,to be the
fame.Ji^ every p?r$ of the flobe.. J^amte h«i
l^iven to hin^ th^ faibe phy%iai:aqd mora! ppwtu^
capably: of difit^rei^t degrees of improvemeft| fcjg^a»
ing to the l|at|( pf fpciety in vhicp he&aktbe^aced^
3ut in po cott0^y« pr pirt^pf the globe, does man
appear to be an animal of elimatie, Am'oiigiaijtiuh
liotbiog is more apparept^ thao that fome azf Imiipials
of climate t that is, th^ are iStted by oMure .^a4
conHitutiop to fpme particular part pf the flohe |
where alone they caa fttb(i(^, muiHply> and i>btaio
their proper perfe^iop« Thus the fnioMda pepuliir
to the torrid and frigid zone, never bfve lAcir part
tipttlar climates out of choice j andwhon n^chiue
of'
IF Raimi' Sketches of the Hift, of Man. !• p. 1 1.
mm^: M^ iimj^^ bis l^iiep^
emig» 6ttc4 ^o » |i(^«9a tim^^ic, jdi^Mji^ Mi
accorijmg a* Jbi* IJitv^loi^ p*y r^g^iff* Jfor '^
99tiir9 Mpgt)6(S ip liiiii aiijr pi^riiculfr, laVamMip
iwiour. m^^ is t^^bTeaice or want, and wiiittp
themiT^tm^of »U qild^rs : And tbe& are tbc «sxw
tiiemes betwef 9 wiliidl^ #U t^e ?|iri9ii» fiMi^wpoi
falL Nature ther#ffii|» lm*»0 0EiipMt0mfmm^
cpgri^ff, pr jtny ifiv9kijai>l« colour, o| anf thing ht
kir^mUn^n» that has £tt«<l him partiei^larJy £pdr
the torc|4) t0a>perairy or^^i4 90|}6 : But ^sfiytn
Um%^a^9Jm «>a#itiitioa, akiaptcd 10 evfi^ jdi^
ipvito. 4^d Ht^vefir iclit^ite winch pmdue^ hi;^
l»"*1^'l%^^*f vMttSf^ re4 a »«i *e Wm^; iiif %
w'i^ Svftm mi$jm^ tjNijiiwppir p«iiei»-
tioD.^jfuatiirf Em t|p«i& nipid^ nrnk mi^iiiil of aft
climate^ wmiUl It not fee alio|ttlier «iiphibfo|i)|ica^'
lo look fmmiiws»i c;reatioo| t or^ wtrcMlis^ialj
niculotit4otti|)0;6tiooa4>f the Deity, to ttplaja i|o(^
^Set^ui j^osilfmm iia othc^pU^M, iriii<& m
4meriq|,,we am ce<tii«s iv«rc 4ipm fr^ mm4
Aiifigt^Tir^^lii atteaptii|gt<^eftaiMit9lIijBiiui.
ti^aitir of Mm tnoft poHCh^ aition^ f t can teivt
fi«^ little talMQiattoiifttMn Aiftory, . iJo rtfDorda, no
mm^moati, a^ writiiigp cao be Ibuad, that reach
Uck to To aoKieot a perioci* Xxaft of all ia this ^
Ait e^^^e^ed Iropi 4 taise of (av^tS| which had aof
lhekao]ilfd|«»o| kttcrs. AU the ta^ormatioa w%
cia QhtaiQ»4Mift he derived fi^aaiuch circani^aacea
aad eveots. #§ imply or denote certaio periods of
fm§ i aad of #«fe thcrejare Ntf lpw» in the trn^i^
IJ^ofif 0f the fivage ftaec,
So^ii.
IP
ii<
TirtiltfATlJRAL Aifji CIVIL
■*"■*'*-
thtA^i
ficoi^em ky ColiiditMii* m tbe )f<kr t49t« Tlieir
•|^l»ti6n had then attai^td iti gteileft f|i«i|e<&toit.
'Kip iii^reafe 'l»fl thaii^ nitiiilKn hai any wbtre ap.
%^ared# tak| |Mtf fiiscb that time. , No circum.
since' or tv^t ha| tafcenp^^ dttnUg' tha . three
liln^tid yea«S| tha^ tfae £tirppeans bava^ been at«
ijttaMifid wi|l| thia Jtidi^na^wl^tth oio laid lit to fuf*
|pe^ tliat the ftirage ftaie ^tlnr has, or cati^ iidasit of
• fr«itf r popula^pny tiiaa w|iat it had ali«a4|k at*
tainad. Wr M tt prohaUe^ that any iw^relS of
ipiimherf, and ^p<%iiiatiOjn« could Vvtt laken plaec^
#htie l^ntini «on^nited to ha the tnetbodr |}f ptm
^uritii^ fdhfiftenca^^rom , the ' ohfeivallafka that
0HU HMde i^^Virginia^ and MaflMmfetta^ M -faai
bt^ii tompotM iliat the p<^latt^'of :m isdiam
•^i^f>on t|ra^acQ|Cb, could' not be eftio}a1te4 higher .
.ahaof onr for ei^^ir j^ j^uare mile. In^eteilind f arti
^Ihi cdUhtry, the Indian populati^ri'certawly did
|iot existed thia. Geogra|>hen haire ^omfNttad the
tiiiiMber Q^ fouate ii^lai in Atneriei; ,to amiolnit to
lbiir(a^ ei^luons, putn^ ' httn4Md^ and ten^^thbufan^
jeighti»in<hred: and favanty four. We cannot make a
iiearer'c6«|k«ibt|on, than to fuppofe thia a^iiiljbttt the
numbef of If ^nt it reqiifartfdin the hunter's ftate.to
iiirfad o#^ tht wholecontittcttti— Howlottf a naried
vottldit I'eouire, for the lavages to ancreafe to luch a
•umber ? There hat been no inftanee oC a more rapid
inereaff, than that of the Britifli colonies in Ameri-
fa. , They were aided by near emigrations ff^m Ea*
ropi^: Butfo much were they retarded *nd brol^a up
in tbeir fettlemet^ta by war, befera the AnNric|ia
revoltition, that thty did not in faft double their
numbers in thirty years. The fiamillii of the In*
dians
^f
•tf^
HlStORX Of VERMONT.
dians did not 6Qiitif|i^ mere i( \a Jiulf fo nam
bers, a« tllore^iBf tiitf <(^it* v-fiii^»A^ » >»i* ^i
popul«tiii#^iin idir lie %»iy ^,
putfiitt0Oi%||^o#tbtt<# ^ „^,,
Md inftty «mfty, aan^lljaiiyearri
of dotibliijE , Aflttfiiing ^fp^M^ik
ceeded frrffroj^e «l»i« ilitfoiMr^tli^ i^Hwi^m
tdirtetii c^«ttrieftaii<i«iniiilf tol&ii^MvkxW
the whblo toB^iKflit, in^ ttmdbc^ on^ll^r '
to every fqlMre mile.-^'riie ^od of ^
could not liivo iM;^ left th«n Ihis. it, _^_^
this pt^tm im <^ini^ted' ion||^bfe'Col&$
had lone ^lic l^ihe^|i^tir*i ftj|e^\iOni|i^i^
th^^N^iidVafkinl itito 'foniitiM^iiifif^
InMesiicoend Pem tli^wef^^^niilxllr
immeroiil» ind bad ^IlktitihedFdlWGti ttlMi
erfbl^Hil^rei illiie toatidt^ of whi(^ to^dfji
ed bali %t»r or ive hntttfreiimls, 1^%' iKir
meiri^ i|K%^IItloiillien, ir^mm iril Wl
^gret o«|lir^il»INk W fi^ai^ iQUftlaVi
been (ertliit#littilHj^el|lffetn d^ntntiM^wlieiitldu
Inmbuififft difcovered tBi coti^beiit lIus^MI
carry ui'bMslibi^e ctnti|fies WoreHielkbririan eit;
The iiuttil)f r and viirl^ of tWr ImijpH^f iMQel
•nd reqoiitij limi* loiAer dtt^^^
tntiqniey. m hldiitii'^of ililerfer lid n<^S^ -
ffwead o|w^N conctntnt, Imt i^isf \mmkm imm
formed #infdvee1n«o i nilifnber Of fili^rtnbef. H
we «nay radii of* tHo litinifter of thifo trl^t ^U
whar tool t>nfe^ in Newengland, and iNrgblia; ^
muft hate amounted to thonran^. , Severil of ifem
tribes htid mfefifted fo long in a natidnif fonii, ani
as a diaina people, that they bad formed- a >irt2i>
«lar Unguagi f» themfelvea. There were thite O-
riginal UngmgaiisokeQ in Cjmadai theSioiix» tlie
Huron, and the Algonquin,* In Newengland, there
wire ■■'
• Abbe Raynil, V. to).
**!,.
■m
#
1^
.f
Hi
^f
3 i**j i"
wifir the aifUft liMeellil#^»^ %|g
oHgin of rpianlttfe M leitictiti^
loom, aiMi tH f«^;: i^eur mm
out tiiftoriaii iiio9ii«i^ ^
*t
ii
IftKil'li
'>'i^t
irti 1917 DMiOi 1114 be loft. Wttfl<r:viSnfi
^ Iron tbiii M«apfri» iiaf hidtlwy t^iiirei it
gc^oNfi. Atirfci|««fad thio/ rtaft ,% hivt
•nd bcfore^ke mc^ netiefii^ tni ufefiil »ns were
thcrcfott 10 go 6»dc to t^btigiartlng of thecttVtfon
^ »^ " cf
' .»■;' -t
*»
Li
-%
i*IV
^-^ ^-
ifiiM>
iiiiiiii'ifii
I
pallida, li^^alltii|^«i^
^ ii^-- ^^ life
•-■r,pi
0m:
'H
' loiwiiiMiim I ■iftiliiffdi 'JMIt'i if ' ' '^ "" '~~
^MivilcgM, pfiw«rf ^ ^ and ' hii0iii!^ iimkr ^
ter#etii]|f^kl»ve #ilng tiie f«ifa nf cl|Pl^#^iMr
vdigiim ligre«d t^e^eair Wim CQ^)!^^
^ 4aotdl 4^iiii«mI fiMft^^^^ sai ioi|i#»weft^f«iM^d
4i%tiif ]^kg% the 4ionofiii%iiii «he f #
•otlNiaf ^crreiBem^ th« vengettticii ^ the g^.
^iik o^ mcipareliirillmMpperfl ^ iii^iSB^Altdii,
tt ^MilK to iMyii MilR^
iwf o|Mntii|pIflEeyMiiaegrJicl fbc^%^^ tl^r
^#etiiae i^ir tlbe eondttkm «ad iiMiulv ^ n^inb lli
'pli#«tidftaM| wlik%iiilttift4ete^
4^||a»%M Ar#Mtii«r| hat ahmt te6t^ill««^
itfaa»|ooAaiiily produiSfti fchd fiiMt of war aa#iifei
Mdte^i iMil iMCH«|r.diMf^ i^elf ^mmf.
-it! ^^
\<%'\.
iJ-
•%
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•^
^
«
A..
1^tfl[i||g^
-n
itaiii
iKOMa^llml lift .f»«flPp:»i
ftrMfiflftrftinJMlfcfhiiiyliiii nkt nilhiMiiiinBi nirtfiiM
b^^u^ij - ■ '^ :^ pile,
<i
ILA
iiftet
inmippi$t tfii
w^re# tfolleiJIniJ
#TOfia£e^i»a8d^i£iiiK^n H«R€imii(
prifon^ !i T4e7'ilii#r.iMiili^i
*■.'/
^if^in^
?*■,'*>:"■
#•
it, 'W
^*<
■■V
r?^-
.>■*,
tpi
ym
and
mm'
inm
lli[^li|«oli^ittiil<leii#deiicek ^ Hflddlltimi*
#t''!lllii^iier^
i^mtN
£.
#.
^t^
^f^iN-;
0ttmnkfi^lk» ^ ,
mm
:^ rt^
li.
k ^^ t:
m-
■ '«:
.'m''>'J.5.
^y*^.-
^4^
m^
^m^M^
T4-'
iMiiit xf
A
IjpA
of clicir wmi totbeir conftiiil^
; A:tiq#t|lfl|y|o iIm ipmeii^ ,
al AiMhreoly it wooU^^to
^'SliHl•';|p^a|le'«; feriottt'-at- #
o %>tt 'witb Cl|0 lilMlilica, ani «»^'
lo^^oiMHitakir the a^RtfSHoa^^ ii
iaet^mnd 0ft^om peo^I It
||^<H^^ .tii«& ire have em yet
iM
^l^^wm 11 HI I 'f ipm MiJI I if' V
i^
*A-«
^*«UlC«»q.-: ^5||l||i^? : ||^v ip^^ ,^
#''^.J^.«fi #tlJ
i-M;
4"
,f^' |f|;,j.rM^^>.^i*-.i$ry:i|y:t| ^jf^^l-iynf i f#|^^^ ^
^'v.*^^>
» •■if
H;l
i^il^-
iabtes; will flmatiei^, btlween lil) ||it««ii|kiii.proi^
4b««i^ N«w5%yl^ Hid GAilAto' > Hi #iM» homiibt
tfa^ French on tlM river SC Itwww, prrnKtmcdaiy
'^ftM'i^sii^iH^Wm^ Sd curly kMlM'^b i6f^
^tt}U«i nj^ Ha^Uitf* H^^ *B(iltmiiiMblbrt at Albany.
Ill i<§40, file Frendi^ badexieiMid^ Inf up ili* riva
Sl^ Ltf«i^rence, dtnil ^egan their fettlementa at Moi^
ti^al.i III i%5^ the lltigl{0k* bcga» the town M
8|>riDgfic>l<i, tl|y6^-Cannis4licist river i^'Bad^by 1670^
^}Nid ext^ndedJii farup the riv«r, as Deer field, ^ On
S«pteifibt?i« gd^ t^^Sy €oi(Hit\i FliftMer^ fpv€tm*
-iof Nc^yi&rfcj tWttlie Jl prnnt to Godfrey EMKut, a
li tktgvman nt AttMhy, of a truGt of land'on the cad
- fi(ie €»f Hudlfi^** riV#r : This traft extended from
« irh« notihermnon bounds of Sarnttga, to the rode i|^-
Jj^^j^r^^v ealled Spirt Itock, tn.ihe townflitp^if Willf-
t^oughj about I'eveniy mHes in length, and in
tbef0iMml^^n«€ Mll£imr«tif» H thct fonilmft
fitt of <)i^ ftaiq^ coBtamiof more tlMui one hnadrid
thoaftacl «crft. But il ifa»iiot«|itil the yfear 1:^84,
4h«t My ffttlemrat iris nud^ within th9>0^m^jK
1^0oi^t^:Nl^f|l^iiliii^%f KMI^ftiiMb^-'aHli
baiUf(Hre||l^t«MM<^ttjfKi? Coaii^a^ ii^isr^ lE(hlt
^rt, icHi thdei^tdtfiiied to b0 iritMlt^iiiiffiM:hll^ttf.
ifkemirds ic was foiiiif to 1^ m Ketrbsiiiipfliit^'kiid
it now up^Vermont. T^it wm tho firft CiilDitieiit,
any civiUlK^ natton h?id ever mad9« in thii « fttfii.
On the othcKj&de of the ftate, the french made their
Ad«anctt»«l|m.lAkf Gh|^i|iUin««iR^ in ifZH ^'^^
their %»^me9mn99inib,^iindk§f^%M^mf^im
4hftfa|kiiejif thtB Mit«; v^I'l^^afiioli^fverifik^
lndia«(tlKoi|,'vf?-.'_, j« ..; : . - : -ji'- t-Aii-r-ni 'i^r
/ri Thcip«ortef«-iOl>.Maflaeli«{iRttt.iM ^N«li4MtfiH^
4hiic^lMM« lM»ftii4 if 4io«ia Q^mmytifytiHfy^Bim
fhttr dcMfiotalitQew 3;bis watnoticHMufMttJiikmh
«^i74l»^whetpi GfOifft tlto f<i«ond»4Bftrrmiaad| **4lit
the ttOffthem hiMi»dfy; of the froviii09(<if NfftiMm*
ietts hc^ m&miA^^mm9 linei puffiiing the eoitnToiof
Merrtaath lir^at thraf nilfadiAaace^ on tho oOilh
£de thereof^ heginsiii^ <ot thorAtlantic ocean, and
wading at a point duo north ol Fatucket fall* j aad
a ftraightslnia diawn from th«n«e» due wad^ cntil^it
MQfti with hia Majeftfr^a other foveromenta" "hts
iioB waa run in iy4^» and has mwr (ince hcea ndi.
nittad aa the honndary linoi hetweon Madachttfetta
and NewbampflMfo. By thia de citai^ and tho of*
tahliflinient of this line, the govenuaent of New*
baapiMre coodttdody that theti janGliflioa extendi
^ :.t- edi
' '^|f Aiswi of Mawyork, VoU I* p« 38. Edit, 1774.
A^mv ^ht'fh-^^^'^^ lifc iHl II rfii ilrtififi i im I mi W ---*■■ ■■
#fcfiM, MMiMI ii<Mr%^irttiil(^tliiifi«jb^
iMMWlll(M^^'iM»/i^ fM»lii«''lliiifc^^toifaiil«iBur'it
tvfCbtv milci eaft of Hndfdn't rW^^M|tfi»tii|l^
ifiivi ftiib^ t1i€(iMl«ftciMiaM '^tMii^mBmai
ii^«^i*«tfl#«M tlf«l«N^tit^fi»;i^l«ii|H^cipilicii^
mtUkkmi,^^' Ibvf^Mdtef'Of M*iitHMlj)and!iht
•liitiirddDqileil tffCMiMli'.-^llilfil^l^iiite^ppra^
€llitfl«ftmiiii4ii Ncf«lMilff>fliiii toCmenrtt^otiit, and
wtn HHpnentlf fplO^ tliMvgllf^li#iihmiti^ and
t)poiri|}iift>««flki<kr tfi ' hodMfticvfll^f i«Mreoaagiofiy
IbtfglNf aff^Tt bf ' <avi^<nu»ett afad ljaetiitMota.< fi^
choadvitt^ hl^ Mtindl^ ffce gomnor of Ntw^
iMiipflrire dir#(Md n faiH^f to lie «i^ of 6cNNitG^
ticiit irtv«r, fw fiktj^ ifille* t ind thtvt linea of tonrOii
IMpi^ to lie tiid oiii, •« «aeii Gdii The c|k|ilicatioa
fldrUttdi conftaiitl)^ idoreartdt and new funraya wera
di^ii^tilMri••llf^l«M 4^^ «l#Mb ItMliv
iiVi€iiNiKi|iflTi<^lif^f.JMiffitii^l|t)N<!^ oS'fil.'iMi
•ltd Qcit|k»«lftMmirft4«lil%i4 ll t^^mwmiflMk
irith MMTfl 4*^ t||»l9«i|t nMMkfliigs Mi < InMii ^
^kimeiTio the mflBk^Q9tm9lBlm%imTi^^^
Were s»frt«€lploi« frlHitll #|»|iA]l )<0 h|iiP»»|[«lFfltti(
it be ftttjcAid 4# i lenl-^ott^nAtoiii tliAiirbil^TCff
ift vpon JaoiM^AtccemotiiM^lli* MilV>il«» «MiM4>itt
Um oroiyiir aitd fit4)i9 9biii«:Mioiiii^iM t9i WhKmI
hit (accoflbrk! II it b^confiildfed M an I i^AiMimcnl
U govaronMiitr it M n^t AlUJblilb Mf «9l«iii9r "it
'ii^^liijt'
m
mi
Wi.
'' tJiUnk of
Nfiifrjff^ had ai yet ioixnded her cUim to the
lamiU, upon the grant to the Duke of York; but that
fofaciotis-^ffovernfnent did not chooTo to i^e^*) upoa
^ precarious a ground. AppltcatHnM Wftt xhtda
f 1 7^4. March 13,
,^ nciuucw
nu
" - ■ - '1^^
nination. ili^lftei^#l; Ttri iMrli^i<sil bfkfm
1-) 1 % ""? .^i■. -: • /• ■ • >:• i I :•'
{hut ., :< ./{:<.« -v '■.'i,..:s.i ..■ ■ i'jiT:.'}),fi ,■ ''(.'i,; /;Ui';j.|
In t!}«tr hrlt petition to CoBKrerii Jan. j, tj<n, th«y give tht*
'H'wnt « W« have omn iMtrd, m vcrllyr
accdont of th« petition,
beltev«[it was} in your 3«titiontr»*
k ^jWP ' ' . * "" THW'PWl'^^^I^^P''^T''^'^[^W|WBw^^Wflpft
■'^"^^kt/m-
^im
hu
^^-
iW^ WmrWW^
^0^.
>0k
I MMl ;,f fQlliviiiitQ ittifaim Bw >jpinirtpij|ftirliii|
lit fmiM%#oiiir^
€^d fiui ftcft leei, ai4««Ni^a ^SMMP<«MMil
4^1 Wilnftlil/^ri |;|toflthfsdQtiiWii»i»fttJi«4ocirN|
JJ|)f||#l!#Qi»|ifQttjof »n««eiiefvi^ tiitdiiftotiMt;^
|9f »«< fif ^liiii&fi l»(^ ooj^ jMifo j||ieiqibcy, tile wifidMll^
iq|^ liH|ji99()tt«tton, of a prolriiicial government:
Bat mbdcration, and lenderoefi of the rights of in-
tfHtmi«#.,tfttAlrfo^^
had
_• • ,>f^;v-?->^f^a.
10 iiifcakiiilj9R ^^tt^ntli^i f1i^i«i^^
tixi efiloIliin«iffe of 1 ;fc«?i9«rakl(Pfi^^ m^
■'>iV
■ tttwAOiip, piimalM^t que handi^ de)|«tt i «i
twJfetliouUnd fix hundred d^lUn,
♦'f^il
fbtkoettiwk^mrtnp tor itcemjicing to canf^^
.:;I3
^fj^icioiu
iliiMftm^^irfApflWffiv
fWnpniefli' wcfetnvm*
people. The uncuitt^ed r^li^i^i^ft #hli'
of vioi^eei^ mmMht^^^^^^'
of |et^o(ft)^ ittehded fils c^fidti6iri%rid;nd'«irer<]
Milt M ll|fe Itopetridcc^
^
I I
V- — , — • — 'im^wmnw
1>ilii|<,flWaiii|iil»i^Mjl^^ n but
^liyM^ lliiifliinilliiiii ifiiiititiiiiii sii -'-liMk^ienft a4
iMhieliyttAi ImmI irfirrtiilff nil iJliii i i liii iJitl itti imiiil
ifiapiprilii flNirfM^ilb, JJM^i^^
iTilHilfiiiiiii I il iiifti *iwiit*iif "Tth^ limi^
s»iitjQi^wii9^i«l IcB^ Milling -(tti*
mA li^'lifiMMi flAMlliaitliB "O'ImMH^
: R^ji^maa. i^g^.^bg^L 4^a4^i»mr ia^^v^a.
rM'*
too
ifjp
fiel
(MiatU
#11
!»4hrcf|«i&^,9»l^lit^^ _-_^ -^-j ,^^
9wiieiit^ tie conteOed liuidt., QiM^r ftra
«prv^
T^Pi^ '^nP^^f^l^^fS^^^*^^^w?'
9mm}
111 Mfiiirtifi (i»rtriiiiiiitoi'M8FiSiim
m^^'
^^If^^P^^^T^/^W ■■■'
.., . ^ j%i^iliirtii«i^i«iaiiif.
¥it liMJiiiwijiiiiiiinii rfiiWiiii iUiii
t Match 9* Allei»V#«tx«ifv«;^f^|$i
,#
¥1$^
ftre^^teli eoiMf of o#er atMl utmrnm^^geimm
liltl^VIIIMrlfiWiiliii^ , ^^ ^.^^
nbtbe|»f^fEitif«IMI#l«c«)MK]k^jfn^Muui^ ftfiMliyi
prQ^$)lfil)|ii|Cliat are fo indeed ^ ind iIm^ w«^ will
> ri>*«¥Ki t
SmrrM
Jiitjin iVfc
47 It ir\ ^^»
IflVQRIr
t AiBbiiff otliei' .meafttiteL their caoie •v.^i^
by Reuben Jonei. '• ^J
ties I M4iiiftttt<l:ii|eir Mt«smlif*iraiBlthM^
ttiitofJi^mdi iii'iV iiljrfiiiii^inr iii ilftliiiiittillAi'i rti -
IMMfNieqiMi^ifto^^ thatetieiif|»piiflfetitate
. ^(iil<ii#Uii\iilijJ^<wufe« ^;tilir^w^p^ni■i^^^^■llf
iTMiMiift ^mk^im iiMm^di^ipt imiiftM^f^
. .tigfiiitfiifeiHtoilMpftihlu^fBiiifcg ttf«irdtftil»iiiniiitoif»
'illW'ilPiipir^^ ^ lleiiiwii|rt mfcii !■■<•>? iHitsgiKiife
' mttVMt^u £fi^ diiiMlsite ■wiililitf. hA^mvmmfo^m
4li« ibafi^<Mp9 MMt^mii4iMm imMw^^^
.»fiH|| »jtoitirfi^fet-ftr ^arirfiiltt-irttm- WitoiMin^^^i^
had iiMmag«d their gCDeral ooocoRMi^Nttl^ ilMMfilK*
^^ luiwiwr »«d filiittiKioattby ^i9mmfi!m^^Mixm»
lawJfJigdBwy HDwfaiai^ appoMife«4riMl4fM4ili|tt#r#A»
>»f liifiMiit-gowfcat^ ■— <* «n»ftt^^<^^ «^^l)i#rfkfopi«
flMb#^ « fNMHHyadCMfioii »« itet <lte'«Mi»9fli ribi ^wpnr
>iiuv dKActtliy r«Mri» fonnet meatam irtmcHie^^t & i^jft
>OttaiiUw^#ftcttl<y aod^tuitoraAmtn^ of r iPC)n*
•duaiiigiHMiriiraUio wihinwythtM tk^-MntiMu
of ^owaratiMMi^ JmmI gim« lifoitO'tombtiN^ a
HgeMNrt iiMir*, .smoog fen^raltof «lM»4oiMii«t 'f«»d
'|Mirtia^tii»tJUti»m had bmn lM>ldl«r«tlb9eMv|Mipft»
«iicl placwi; 4l» iMelride-of ' Ibi flMNra(iiiM»T a Bi9jlr|io
«ni«valfifeir*<«f «6riMiiiiMm,MHl tftiofiihaitldl^ii
'|>laee i ai«!*Mbril ftftiHl thai tiiii»agffle ituiMarye^
ti<Ml of thiii^Mif»Mlaiiiitrtiiiiadl ifatt iika ofrlBim*
"lag fh#Mlill««i 4ataan> 4iidat>9adBtitftalc.t * Bfitt it
had biMMMi vwmttMr^f^fitanBlbik^tf'B^maifpr^
^Ibni'i Wto fhonU'hi^doiM P Alid)wli«t. ««i%ea
<Mght lolki adoptBinfee^ th)e. ftMka.tfJkt^i-^hm
filttttumof ih« iohabiuncf at tbu ^vm, feemt to haw
mwifsMiwmlf tairhat hai bceiicaUcd by (bme,
» ftatt of nature. A large nuqiber of people ytfitn
(cattered
9im9 tMi eomnum faftiv and mttra&idBiitf lii^
Iwwisabt itakftt^iwai fll»itto%t|# Mnyiiiils^^^
^tore pvoc(c4ii^f i or fegoliti(m.> > Tliey< jBnie<i«
Pitt to libettii' Wmi . #at yii€ti6iMetitrtii |ii||iiMtfej
j^NMiof ciieiteiiltfijl ittwitb>wnant»w#ltttiiiy|^hu|?
tO'^wctife Ili0<4iclvicf of «€o«fr«£i#:r'|%t|r«dH(l ^ilMr
«ilicm^l«9^fDMi)aiMi9 'or^ lidviiif fvoit» tiM^i:bod}^Mt
lifRQaft41i«i^mim4irpcrftdt BMHnbet^vf loMMntpvep4<
iilDNiitioiii'iild«fo«mimtai b^ coNMmiitiwMlii toAar
vcmioiDfj's* ^tlKicirtMmilaneei of clie«^p#l|>l^«f9b^
Codiprtfsji «T|ifir ><*p^^ fliial^M*' Thi
hwable^petitfoii^ 'aitfM^^iand mbmiAMMiide^lliiMii
iptft of^v^iiM(akJUl^iftirifr,<iB«mfiioiri9r^>iilltd«
JomwHibf llMs^aiti^of < the NvlirltiMpmiMi^thnitijl^i
0Mnnioii «aillbi an^ii^ M4l(iM«iit ts^ lRiii»lkdtifi6»j
tl|fiiir<ilvti.iiii^rtli« {KorincUl gmrofimMiiD^f ^hfm>
.y0^ kh kiknuddbt afumtdt'corfftnieato imply
a^MfcboirltdgAKHiftd thiCattifMiriej^/ Whusytm/^^
cMi iM i«q«tftiiigi ^ ^t wlwnivtt lb# OoflgMli
IMd^ittd itiitMiairf4o tallriw iMr.fiirpioiif ilKf
mfljr «•( |>p c»Ud <»po9 «t inha^iUPf 8 of Ncwydrk,
II jiiliiiifMi ifiiliiill^irW#lii#'iriiiii!ii#rffl
' ■ jllliii iw ■uln i.Biflii%#*ff^'y|i tin liiniiiii lndrciMti
.iiniwipdjtiflyttii' piiMiiiifitifiii'WWB;Hpiitp|tMt^^ -111111111111111
^ijfiit»j[aUfeii^ftliilr.iiiiMii<aft,r<^^ ^
thrcoirafiiiNf ^bcHriikt fttffesi ttwiiiltetlhiiil^A^
ckdnMMlFlils «dNfie inriftlMlii ii»ii%ibt InpfrlbMfti
.BumfMitifciifaifteif'Jiirai #ftt]DC|iib»<4f>biiBi|ii«i)i£i^
.art^hiitiliiMi^yllKMI) iamik mif^anHm^ ■o>nibiBiii>
fi>Kinij^ iifiiiifia>i4 ^P6#rQMl Pilji'dectfimi is{i0Q4)l»x
nitttiiirtetiitft t«n0,^te ptiiiiop wftp 1^
iod^ iiiilip>! fiiiwt i^tott^ ^aio^MifE fwtlti iriibMMAt
,en4 611111 1!* ««JUmiimtttai^^^i^
9 firll pftiUoii to Con|r«fi| dit^d Dorfet, J«n, t;, t77f.
i§i timmmm -mwrn.
^entf#d#i
llui<iiit.'ua-«Jl%.2fc ■■■»■■
Nil W H!b& ^ |w1#^^
Mil ^ > T
«ork w- reviviM. Thb cootciitfefn^ifl ^^^life
woul4 orobibLy iiring on, not only a ixNiidl'iii^
^t(^t[elttrtri^Ne#litft^>aih«;S £yllik»§Unf n&m*
,-^^aP^r^. T^ afceitliii irhtt M frtvMn^
■ i :.r
Vrea, w<ef« (kie Ikittllif prociimaiioQ nfiMiif^^^^it m TiTtMi Vo
rti'int pewoe fteriingi hi lUifranti i||a4« ^ im Mvtrnbri qf
Mewy«rk, \htS9 quitrenti wa(r« rtif«(l to two flmliifi and Ik
AM^iktitk liigirniiniiwKitfl ifinffcti I
"".•*".>«' I """"~ !' "i!SI' 'llf< •lH! '!■ IJ
;f^9Mffo': r. (Ip.O' Jan* ,fiO' j|-ni ;fl'yMf|ti«.i5rt biifiv?
lakismetatWettiiiiiitter. TMfcatiiiientttflMif^^l^
maty 4M.»l>Mfi{ii r^fehyd rliP9ff t Kfli^illf^p^fr^mr
'jsXtu^coaventK'O, whole members are dulycniH-
Dv the free- voice of their J»nftitueiita» in thfe feV*-
y^%\
CD
cral tonmi'v ^oii^ihe W<wh»thpfcjr» |MlflMi^ ill sbBISe
meeting «%s1)k4* i& our ^w^ n^miik jfi^ loT UlM^
of oiwjpf^BilB^ii^pts^ Do hercJw proclaim, and pp%-
licly . decmw, tbal the di&rid of tcnrito^ compri^
^iltlMliAgi
t|atipiiif(WrQ»iii;l^^
#ciri|»p.i^l^!P#^ ^^Oi^iiiliiifciiniiii
it fiicb .plivM^ge^ tfod 4miMi|0i||Hftidl
B|y4-3#if|irimq^f^Vth»t tfaty^ would at^i^uMi
,,, f|tiMi%tca|i«l#e iif rigalatiMtlfai^k oli«i; inigtw
db^ %i pwfdifmi tJMl&id dafaibaAitiftf ia;,/faad;th»
^1^ (B|pciltt$v<l/fJ^ ofN|pvci»iag |iMini«lii€a» «& fin*
w^Miau;: U^mf^nM^^ im . tc^iijiiiiiiftiaanfwiih .tlietr
tft^iijjui^ilMI ytJ«icfii ;Sta|fJs4o^0nBikilluie. their
r uli^pip^fWCkmH^ilukr^i tbe mailitaiMnf^ ibspT%Seat
^i^. "^f t ^f Ji^.'ffiftitiaii ; €oligiiei» tbati^llttitdeciafa-
t$on i^h^^v(|q«M«iidi ^tlNift the4ift«iftvtlltf«
r(^^ib{4i-inifil»U^ l»nJic<i ftiiiofigtlh«sMi)9asl iode-
/ pendent >
-^ •Recordt of the Convent i<m',
S AUopy, atteUed by J. Fay, clcrkr
peiidlnt^ Ani««ieifi ^es'f lit ^ilNg^^Hif
•ad p6tiilo»m« figiiedi' tini j^fedtcfd I6'<36^
fpedable mtmbenot the cdiif^^bll'i JIk^ ^^
V. No »i«afure W«§ ev^ i^^cj ilec^ai|^^t>V ' "*
aniibwitfj By the Mblutidir hf m^maiMmMi
the cv^tf of 1^lttblitaf«l^'thet^«6o€l^^ mt^kti
ftbil6iigtr^lM«ai6dietMilior NiiWf^^lWuli
Id on MHesimtAVf a^f^t^ t^cHx^l^'^i
iiodj#a»Jio# coiiile«^ wkett aitti^tl^^
were reduced to a ftate of nature, ^piiieftyflyi
emi^ut^iiu^b^ a^O^ttfd. Tlifc/ fttf^lf^tigls'j
t^ dTito^fhe poKrm of gOV^n^fift^ tlMt'ffiy'l6(
gn& ihad; q Thte ft^ fi^ilkied : W ^tf^fOib^^*^^
cffii^;for «be itfiiHedtjtie' llft^ MW |^
thepeo^i Atfd iio# was t)^e tini^i wli^'^
eti of government could be aflbtee#^#illktbi^Jnf
itt txr k»fi»^kitbpfiottitiittiri whi^ mfi|M^ fiiml jr^i
tuhiii iUil >#i^ievtr oppdilifotl^^tti^^tfi^
ticii fDe9ait«i^«iMy;O0tttll tlUid^it tvit^lt^
ihen libev <£i«d' de«d«i^d thetAfdvM' i it^'i^
pcadenl ^«cef «iid kniew hf ^AnS^m^SiOfti^h^i^
tA, £vtif part^of tbe^United' Stitif^^ vrM^^ iNiiil
penodj coQCtadiB^t againft oem«(pMi )t iiitd^ '^^^
oonfideratiofr tbat «oiiid juairj? the ptioitiXi^^:
Conffrdft^ wai a teafoift^wfay ibe fieo^e of ^^^hiio)^
IhoiSdMe itbttoppoji«ioit]rr%ffeatltf}t)^; to 1^
againA^thdr f<fnMr fufetihg^'- - HiiptM^ '^or thcii^
feliref» amdor ilie ftate, ^by /adtflt«d rliat #^ jlicitf
temperatevpottcf y wMl^ aililn^' -li^t-4ft4e^iiM«i'io tbi
Ff
/ ^ * irf V f i ••»■» • *'
CHAP.
lii TUB NAIUltAL AN» CIVIL
• r^,j»«
&
■j.^' -i.k
M^ris Pl^Mib Vifu^dh Tmrtber 00ms ojf
-ft
er4is,0dWi0&i;gi^(i^ tf Cotfirefj, Pre-
fti4tm1fJ^i^oHt,pv^^ and ifew^pjbire,
:.-j^^<^-wm^immi^u
iv,r
'J ,t? 'V*;
HMi-f, ;'fi; i>^>
■ ^f e ■
mg thek:kldepeRdeivce» ii^iM VMiitcft ^rtt^^ adjacent
feared titittti% to adiiiti» imd ackiM^^cf^e it. fo
Ma^bttf«ttP iii# GoBoe^tiesy tk^ taeaTure «»»
Mtlior af^f^itttte^ciMi coodivtiiitd, ^at to .^m^
jotki tm towdvt&^oB Ihe peofitlaa m |t|«inptinff to
.fernt attvewi^^tei appfarad as% f^m§«pp«i» revival of
lifte^fbitmcv «ppii4kioti «|id nmUon lo^ lawful au-
Thlt*nomimktf of fait^ l»r; ikat^ftater iMr« then
fitting.*: Afiptcticnriv^ oiF tlic co&ll^vmicci^ they
lititxittdf^cdy' took lip^ the Matt^ ; anidtby tb«ir dired-
tibnf tbt^|(toildeiitvt>f^ iImn Mvwyo^ eoqvtntion, oh
January aotb, 1777, gave this information toCoa-
grcts, ** fam difc£icd by the committee of fafety ot
p'f' ^ '
Newyork,
jmtm^oi ymma^fi
«is
Muence of certdn dtfigiihif men^ • 'pi^ of tl^
ftate hath been prevailed on to revolt^ and dIfiMFtfir
ihe.antlioiitjr of kt le|^afeiire^-Wlhe ^attoat ivi-
dencea aiid informalloni wf havo feoeivid woirid
lead us to beiia^e thai perfoni of gttat mfitM'Ate IH
(brae of our fifter m^ faavt Ibfterad and In-
giettted tliefe^dtfificins.«»«^i]|,ai.^% ^^illi||^|M
lend to ai^fe fbme ineteliiaia oC yw^ hteRtoiililt
bodyw ol^hiBtoff ;$oiaMia«k?^ii 1^ ^isic^ (iB6«ii«f
ohligen Oft to iiirimttd o«nr ft^ief.rKFhe cn^M^ikMii
ffe^ lorry to obfinnr^, tint Imt ^onltff!»i% « €(»3fM^
iioiLi^fiMaCfi^ ^lr«^^ Of*
officers of a reg{opt«^r, lo, he iraiftd ittiB|pi|iiiei|tty df
the legriilatiirc of ihia ftate, ai|djdl|l^ that pi||i of
it^ifvih^Jiath la^ty ^9fe4<to tad^pl^^^ tipoo
it» Cfm^r^ hath m^mhm^mtt^k ^^pjk l#iha
ipUatfofta jof ^(%, w|o preli^ Jisi. jrgjf 9^4^
oaraiHe body M-e di^Mi|id^|n|||^ W
gents t ef^daiiy, i^ tlii' ()Mr ^Ot^^^ Hilf ht^
cofiftaatlir and tnvalriahly cip^pdM to ^ Ugtiattire
of this (late, and hstfaubeea^ on d|flt toy Hieoiitt^
prodai^ed iait>viiik^^^t»kkk loireriiiiiciit ti«ie.
Oom gii^idr €<^: Wallik>j iad^^
him, as nbtifi^^fe lir^ difl^iiUii iBr^ii^ awl^ ^MH^
#inee thofe deMdiii^i^itt thii €oiig^lfo>iiiNf^idt
heeaprev^edtii^laffift iri^'dfttkMh^pittf # llile>,
liMh'df ail iOthers, hin^^lW^ithw tti^ *l file
tofonmts^m^*^ T#|iiHbadi€lid|i«fir<to^fei|^
in thii daiife, alkbd^ ai^i^lithk^iit^ liwde ^trfHiit
body, on March the ift 3 la this die coBVtfAltoil of
Ne#jrtfr]^re^(hafe,tha»iiNij^i^ ittf-
Ike of t^it^h^rmwri^e bom 1^^ et^tf dife
j..^ AttfM eopy 9f a letfer fi^ni the. HonouraUe A* Ten
M$$ TUi NATURAL and CI VIE
aodvfalntaiy, cspedieav to %ipjftk& ^ niilehieA
wlMcbmiift ettfiie to titat ftaie Htn^vto the^eoeral
ciHifcderacjr, fiomvthe ii!l)aft and peraidoi^
qj^itich olaiiieiiilia^itanli' of Niewymk^tim ^HMttifi
irom felfifli and ialereiled taotttes^ liaire fotniuted
th« d|ing^oiitntnfar»6H^ : l^lrt Cofi^tafi^ might
be aQureditiuit the ipkitri^f tdefe€ti€^, nonvicliftaQd^
ingiai^th^iiirta and vtjsleiiceiof.tlie'fedacer^ irail>y>
90 fiMsans geiicfid irT-iiaC die-cocmfyt of « Glouceftcv,
^sd:* v.ei)E^ieat pai^ of^C^'UniberliHid, aii#:Ciiarlotte
coi}iittcf« iCoattniMNl Aea^faftitttbeh'a
government of Newfrorki wtid diat tbete watr: not
ti» Itilftiprobabidlty, iM'Col. Warner couldl raife
fuch'^lljiiii^it^ofnieni' as would lie aniotged jof
MXhs^t^i^oaHDdinga'of^^rmont had noir afiiimeda
Yl^lav ^Bii and^becomr aa^ obje^ c>f general *at«
teot^n^' ^n Aptii^»'^pct wai printed at ;Phiia*
4e|p^ia, ilihferilitd^^omaa Yoniigy andaddreffed^to
the jiiibid>itatttl dfv Vemu^nT ^s1«^«^IIi^i addreiit^ wan
|]f^|^ la* lerotetton^fivJikb Congreft th|ld paffed
M^'^i^t tw(>i(r6toamimd&6^ to the refee6lti« af«
itmMsB afMrrcottventibas o§ iho il^ntieflr Cblonie^'
IKii^nO'foirefllineni^ Ciiffioffent'to ^^^stij^cies of
Ifhi^iX aiNo^ bad ^eir : idwady efla^tlhed. ia adopt
fuph goyei^BteeB%as iatlbc 6piliio^(#^e reprefen-
ts^vesioftAhte ps6pk» Ihoitldtbi^ eonduce to the
^tappMieft Mid tafety of thetr conftittieiitf. In tht
9ddre& t#lhe itfhiibitasita'lof \Verniont, i^ thefe
paragraphs : "liiaire tal^i^Atbe thindt'df ftveral
kfdi^^efl^btets io'the bonoitrable the^dontinenul
Coogrpfa, and t^h affure you, that you liave nothiDg
tOtdo^ Init'to fend jattefted>^6c^cia^ the r^oommeit^
Ration to tafci^iifi^^^overiMiieht to evarj^^townCbfp m
your difirid, and invite all your freebdders and in*
inbitants to meet in their refpe^ive townfliips, apd
.,.. -.-:.• .: •..■•.,... ^ - W'
\
, HISTORY Of VEEMONT.
cfaoofe memberi lor a general tonveiH^, to meet at
an early (hy, C<» choofe delegates for the general
Congrefs, rcoinlAiClee of fafcty, and cb forte a con-
ftitution for your iSate. Your friendt heiie tell ftie,
that fome arectn doubt, wbettier delegates from yoiir
diftrtft, would be admitted into Congrefs. i tell
you <«> organize fairly, and make the experiment, and
1 will>«nHi«eyoarfuccefs, afe the HIk of my reputaf^
tion as a» man of honour Ov common fenfe. Indeed
they can l>y na means reftiie you ! You have as
^d a right' to choofe hoiir' you will be governed^
and by whom, as they had.***
Publications and meartt#es thus iiTOwibg the
caufe^ afid ^figned to eftablifli the independence of
Vermont, were beheld by Ne^york; wkh great in-
dignation and concern. On May the aStb, the
council of fafety for that date, made a third attempt
to en^ge the attention of dotigreft: By their dt«
rcQion.lheirprefident wrote t6 Hiat body, that a
leport |>revailcd' and^daily gaincid credit, tmrtthe re«
vohers w^ne pri^itttely countenanced in their de£l|[tis.
by certain members of Congrefs ; that they effceemed
it their duty^ give them &ch infortnatibn, that by
proper refolutions on the lubjed, Congrefs might
ceafeto be injured, byt imputatioiis fo dirgfaceful
and difhononrable.' ''However un%i^lliBg wc may
be to efktei tain ftsfpicions fo difrefpe6irol to any
member of ^Congrefrf yet the truth is,^ that no incoil-
fiderable numhera «f the people of this ftate, do be-
lieve the report to be well fOttnded.*'t
To bring Congiefii to fome decifibn tipcm the
matter, on Juneigd, one of thd delegates ofvNew-
yotk laid before thatbodyg the printed letter and
publication of rXhomas Young. Congrefs took up
the
* Prints letter to the iabsbitsnts of VermoBt, April tt,
77, by T. Young.
T Vltrte Van GorthndtV letter to Coagrsri^ MayaSj 1777*
Bifi Tiis {NATURAL iiin^^#lt
the matlpn aiil md^nd th^pM^Sti^^^^tifmt^l^^m^
which ha4. beoi r«ceiv«d mn tki$ ^^ovci^Soi ef
ihfewhlil^r ftMl i#ef icinflit i<(y^lMi^^
36tli| fMSbd €hif felk>#i|i| fefehr«t ^^^ ^v.
c^ldfbi b)^^; Bttil^ire^letting tSle cMntuutiefe re-
i^p«<iU^y tnSittbit^g tile t«rriC(>rica^ 6f Newhanp*
lhtr% MikffinriHifettt Bif | RlMHleiflMid Mid Pravj.
dftnee PlaiiU|tiott% G^a«4Nbitf NewywI^^'Nieirjer.
fey, Pennfylvanta^ D#laW«re»i ifaryfan^ Viigmb,
l^rthdi^oHii»t $«vitlMaroliiHi» tod Oe9f|ia^ at they
vefpeaively ft^qcl M 4hft «itoe cf I ttairft
tliariit,WM^iiiAit«(Ml Ut vIm^ (Mlrpvfe of fecavtng an4
liefindUiig/ clie^^<»tei»iit^i«i^^alor^^^ the
iifa#paltdf|t» ot^pnsiicMMi'^ttii iMftHv' intaibni of
Cvrelitbritain i uA UiertfcTM It cavnoi %e tmended
that Congrefa |»r«ivy «l lit prOWfedlUgi' f^Ottkl do,
orvecdttiMeiiiyOV Vm^mtiiMt^ ttay Hfiing tBJurious
ta i^l^^rig^•^aMK^fl|i^ioll'<>ff''«lki' £9re#ili€tiiiiiiiii-
lii Mj|^g/twfe,T|iU^t<te>fa<lij^ftd»tiiqywri^ at-
ftmpted 4>» bo elbMiffli«d %y tlM )iiii«ple^ ftyiitog
chettMvi6tiababiiiiiii*dl tlM Ntfwlbaiilpaire fnium,
can de^e iii>^alMite»anc<l br j^l<lificiaii«o, ^m the
aa of GohgMfi i)eci«rif|g«be Wited Cotoniei to he
ittd^odent of tht oro#tf of OftMbritaito t aor from
•oy !fftbe;>^^ov MfohHiot of Congliff.'
** Rt/ilved^ That the petition of Joiiai Fay, Tbom-
at Chittendfffi Hftman AHeii,'iadR^bett JoBes, ia
tb* abifte tnd b«baif of the oMptei ftyling them-
iiilves.4Ni>«fbMfiiid, »rayiii|^ eaat ' thdi^ ^tSbratkm
lb«t tbfy iroMidCtonuder iMmfelvM «s a fvM and in-
dtfpfvdetit (late, may be received i that the diftrift
iirtht raid petition defcribed, maf be ranked among
tifB Aire aitfd ImKif^deat ftxtcf ; ttA. ihjkt delegates
,^'>.w ■•. ■ ■ -ifcwtfwiii
.•'W ''■if ir"- ' W . ■ . .-, ■■.,•■■■.,■■
W:
iing tip tigliiini!^ foi^piitpiWH^C^. Wawwiv
nejirer me|H^; t(y|iv« any enc^ragemeiil to ihe^Mm
of the people al9fip^i4» to |^ coiSif i<cl|ii^ §ft 'P^%:
k ^9mm 4Me^ #bD ||d^ ^^ in OiiiMHi 'ml
iAe^e4i^ilii^fot|lt«^n4i^^ Hit
wert ^0|i«pi^|ii^^ feiV m%Bt bt rcialUcedlfi ilio
fervict ii^mV^^ 6i»^.*^
J^a^itw fickld m$ pragrvp^ in ^ letl«ir from
Tbomii YMiDg* wMd Jukvt wen ^tnoted, they mm
rifpl ve. ** iThat the oontenci 4)f thf iatd jMf ag rtphl^
are ^roftatorjr tp^tht boofmri^f CiMBm»9aHr«t^grafk
mtfrcpreteiitatiofi pithe itfplwtiop of Coy^efs jKhcldN
tnf re^rre4 Mv and tend N| dfeeiTft |ind: inifMacI} cite
{ttopiefio^iifhiftiBtbef areaddrelitd.^^^ -t-r "
Theft lif^^airere^vottraUe toll»fivenHpM»t
of Newym^ K tmn their fphk aiaA im, mi4 (!i«
manner in which the bufincfa wH i|itiwmeed» the
people of YerinOBt condiided, tb<ty W6l« draivfi np
under the iafiietice of that INe i and that. their in*
dependence qi|aft.be fttpported» with the feme inii-
oefs and fpiftl» Ittth which it had been declared :
And they ferved only toceofirm the reiohaion of*
peoplei who with all the hardihdod of antiqoitir»
were well acwaakit^ with the aatwire and origin of
their own ngbta.
During ^a petiod^ no contioircrrf had arifen
with Newhimpi^re. That ftatei hid gone farther
Ibjin anf otbtr» to adtait and acknowledge the indt-
pendcnee of VeTniont.-^On the 6tb of luly^ 177T»
the i^merican armjr ftatiooed at Tyconderoga, waa
(wQ^d to abandon that important poft to the formi<-
dable
%-■•'--•■ «
^ Jouriud of CoB|^i«| }un9f ijjj^ p. a^jl, 149, ft6a»
people ia^moft of the townt do the ireft fi4^ ol the
nummaitH, |irere,obltge4 ^^(^ al)»iii^^^ek hehitt.
tKMi|. wid) qirjpaQiiUs^i of greet diftp^ fui4 con*
niiio^. ..: . .,..'■'- .
The qp^f efif iqiii 4>iP Vermoi^, way tbeo fittiof , at
Wiadfpr.J Th«r cqLmmittee irirote in th^ t|ioft preff.
ing termt.f ^ the con^mUtee otCifety. at E.|Keter ip,
Kewhft^C^irei^for jiiQIC^lices ioforiiiiiig them it
the fame tinie^ if nonjB ffmi^i be affpn^^ect^ diey muft
immediattl]^ retire iiitb;thf Neweag^Md jlfk^s. for
fapport and fafety. The attembly of Nhirhamp*
ihire was imiiiediately called together : They put a
Uige body of their militia juind^r. the oommand of
Creneral Stark; and gave him orders to ** repair to
Charlellbwn on Conne^icut river ; there to. cpnfult
witii a oomipittee of tl^e New^an^pfliire grants, re-
fpediojS bM future operations, and the fupply of his
men with provifions^ to take the cofumaUd of the
militia, an4 niar<;h ii^to tbe grants ; to; adi in coti-
junQion with die troops of that new Iiat6» or iny
other of the ftate's, or of the United States.^t Aboat
the fame time,1; Mr. ff^iare prefident of Kewhauip*
fliire, in behaifof the counqland alTembly^ wrote to
Jra AHiM, fecreury of the ftate' of Ve^rnqnt, an*
nouncing the alliance they were fending j the ftyle
eind exprelfions of \nt \ttitr were addrefled to Ver-
mont, as a free and fovereign, but ^ new ftate. From
tbefe events it was not doubted in Vermont, but that
Newhampfliire iiad already acknowledged her inde-
pendence t and would ufe her infltience, to have it
acknowledged bv Congrefs.
Bjut the conau£i of fome of the , inhabitants of
Newhamp(hice, foon occafioned a controverify of a
"•July If. ' « '
-f B«lRnap*i Hiftory of Newliampfliirr, Vol. II. 413.
riis*dif*i>rlFt!ikyif:
tp.thi? Mok Mh ^fip^fn<f, wM ft»t^ jby ,wai4i
join, «na 1^11/ gpf^-^memci Ihey Jf ion^** P« .ttoderJ
Tih^e i4ei|i.ffMf^ f foj^^^d with, jf^^h /^^
werp hoL^Oi, and la tbexourle pf a ,few fi^^hi^i' ^
peRiticmiWfiiiffl^cf^ffa fbe oiifnf jof uiuiefo iqwj^n,
la ^c«i|i4|np%iuj|D^yaplAg v ih4t thfqr i|feie nw
conne^d wifti.«A.y. ftae, «ij|i(rMP«^ U) their l?«cjfr.
nil police," and itqueitingitne two of iVtitjmi^t, m
lecave tlvMn into an uniioa add OQnf^c/ktiofi witfi
them, /«
Gg The
'' Obfervations o« the right of jurirdi£liMi of Newharep^
lire grant! : Piinted 1978. Public defence of the rigVt of
Utvhrfraplhire grami, &c. Frinted 1779* ,. *
t M*r«h it, I77«. V %k*\l
t4t TBn NATUE AL ako CIVIL
Tlic afle;^il4y of VeniMHiJlifai perplmd^ w
mi wfjMMi^. Slolt df ^e tfiiiiibci* ftod^Ue
#eft^fidf off tli^ fii^>lltiti|iif, vi«s»i^||^< a ;dafi|er^
nMirun i totOitt tiiaj^itj^ of thiililliiU^^
K«#hai|i|»|ihf^i Tie lOirtit bi Venaoiik ^blch ad-
jp^tii tb Cofftiedleat rh»r» weref ^tielikllv it favour
c^ttceivm(( thOB tbwns froth Ne^hAi^^iff ; and
wentfo far as to prpppfe WttlldrawioMfni^
conneiion with Vermbnt, and fidt^iiig<l{> another
ftafe. Thei^ wMs no metlf6d to ^fefit^i^ ihoh- own
union, but to refer the quiellioli to 'f he dtUflon of
the people: And tl» party in favour of ihc New-
hampftire propofals, were entrei^ely '^diltj(em and
afiive, ilk fifalriilg a majority of th^ ffittnbefs, agatoft
the next meeting of the affemM^. When the af-
femUy meti'it was reprefeftt^d to them»'tll;at the in.
liabitantii 6f the towiis which had applied for a
nnibn with Ve^mOnti were al mod unanimbus in
4heir votes, and that NeWhampfhire, a« a ftttte^ would
not obje6l agaihfl (aid toWnsioining wkh Vermbnt.*
A vdiie was^ carried in favour of theii^HAio^ii^ con-
federation :t And the aifembly of YeirnioniM*troIv^-
ed further, That any other to#n^6W the aid fide of
ConneHicit ritcr, might alfobe Aditiitte^'ioto the
«oion, on producing a vote of thi ttiijoricy of the
kihabiiants^ or on their fending i repretmative lo
the affembly of Vermbnt.^-^Having thna effeded
4heir purpofes, the fixteen towns altaioiintiNl to the
govervment of Newhampfhira, that ^ley had with-
drawn from their jurifdiAion, a»ftMMriflM :t» have
'# diviContr lint eftabliflMd, and ift friciid^ voiref-
^ipOQtfiftiMe kepi up.];
Thefe
/ ■ ■ .
* Atlan's viodicalion of th« conduft of the gaoeral afe»*
Ujr, Ac. pagt f |.
i Tuna ti, 1778^,
./.-•^
li ^!l|
,* ♦
HlStdl^ Of ^iRSidst^ M3
viOimh *^iif liN Vakeel ;^|ef ir;»^ tl^^ jBf%
mdvei Mil^ a^ipii)^ W l^^iirt^iM
^ il«{|lf^7>*i^ tiiiiC|f«6cNs|il«f
that OitCrCfMitt^iiia^^r^J^I^ ''"^ *I>A Vifi^
IntheAftiMiOfllM afleiiilily 1^^ ifrol» to^lilr, Cllfr
townt M liirt^of tthi ftate of liM'hanipfiiker Hit
datm -mm fymftM op tiw kaowii>yiiiida|ief of iliat
ftate» NM6 llie ffV^Mnim J oatfefiif femgiig 4^
gatci ititii«^coit,#tfpB, b «m i ^^^m^rm
y thr afiii^)^ <| Nf^aTOOiN. ^r i|fn» «iiiii>«fi%
munitioo t on thfir receivifig c^t^omiflp^iit from lb*
governQiMit»aodliaviogaliirays a%d as a jMft cjt
it; He five mfofoiatioa attbe fame timet^ tj|i«( t^
iniBority^Mliore |Oww,l>adclMtpcd pisfttcatoi^^
that JUtfti L»h»* *« JiflijmW^ of New||imp<l|«9»
viewe4:,lhiwii(elvw as |.?>imi4 oil #tWr<?<^t4f^rt^^
to aftwdil^ Ai4|ie Ulicitli^ jpiryiwolyefwi^
tQ ex<«l ilii infla^iite jMrith tjheiff tfiffmjbly, |o titmlj^
fciitrtgiMrftof dl^ifstqaa^ c<»tt9(B4oQ.-^Tliar ]^.
might 4^1 hinNrcIf<»^'iehigbeft aiithorily In 4**
mcricai Mfw^^ilN «rmte #(p ta th« delegates pf,
thatftal«>»:Cpni^f«i*ttfp««il»«»^^ f^vici,
and pr#«ritbt.ijtte|^pn 9f CoWrefsi, ;f>*Hlfe-;
iQg hU appieh^tew^«t>||w^wd|irdJm ti|p onty
method, t« wiijc*t*t|f-i^|r?^wf^ I^puW^^^H f«<4;4
withotti Ae 4if jififji i>f il^qo^, w all altempM fof
recoQciliatidii Jhai been ,iii^i/i«i|9v
Nor ««^ t|ie joffnimoc f aA 5^«ial c< VermoiM!
without their difScttlties, in the m^Mjtm^fi tMp
alfairs. To glifde the movements ofa people, irrH
tated by a loog feries of injuries, and now too much^
elated by ^o6e(l, ^as a critical and difficult tfiifineft.
4«7aTt «f the applications that would be' mide t^o
Congrefff
eAi^ftsf, tAagttfti9t
-'iaNM^
IT
.none
^
saore, to paeui their junidiSion to tli)^«aft of Ctia.
— ^ -^ - - -Tilants, The aflcmWvflffcycr
wmcn were ncwOary to mat^e a^houtb. to Ob Kufi.
irlen the fyctqitgmmu^i,h^6i%itMMym» Xhp
xemammg liiemberi wei^t op with m pa||i€i l^ufi-
^fe«?^% ^^ ^»^ruMem <^^^^^^ witjb
J«Wfe/4^;W°«^ y}^^ New;l?aMpif,^ at their
»!«»
fit ' ti 'i! ..^ ; iirf.^/ i
YOft9b«rio.
i-AUen'iV
p.i4.i§.,%|,4(lj,., •
BlSPifPiV o| V^ljlOJ^^^ ^
fivnp /I gp;^eK;u|i^|i^ tt^ ccnttrr -fid leair of i^icli^
Etieea ca^^a* t;^^ i^ (j^iib, one oC Abe fixt^di tiM«|»jh
t^ s^tprol^ tp^ unite, lyithout any regard to iha
koMto w^l^ hjM^ bee n affigned to Newha|]^>ilikre, ii|
17^41 »mt9m^^$!^lc>llowi^m^ td thai
or lo 4r||tt^|bi|j;rij^ttiaUy chdf^^ If n^tl^ of
Owtij j^i^jfwj^ and t^cjr (fii^oJd
s^^erifipli)^^wj^ii^ upon a, plan pf 'fpir#na^
menf, tW r|&^cid farther, ** We mmU confeot llut
tiie^o^bf t^e,g|-f|iu« connefk with Newhampfliire^
and ha?q(^%f|ath^theni one entire ftate, at it waaliin.
ited IP^ l|QU<^4'9i More the lettling of ttie faid ^mk
in 1764/* tlfitilvOpe of th^fe propofals Qipuld be
QOfngQedl nm^ tfaejf refolved to truli in prpvidene^*
ao;^ ^l'^^ f^'^^^^'^'-**^'^^^'® ^^'^ l)ut eiglil?
towna rroQi; yfifi«Qnt» which were reprefented 10 thia
cbnventi^p ; 1^^ fome of theni declined to ^St Ui
tvMnfji 9dy ovextHrej to Newhampfliire^ to extend
tliqr Jttri^£^ep over the ftatc of Vermont. But
the proceedipl^ of the convention, ferved to .diCcov-
ertot^ifh(ue,1k>ody of the people, what had been
tbe^viewa otdie leading men, in propofing the union
* AUen'i yiadicatioRf p* 8*i.d9t
ii'i^iertjRAL Aif» eivr
k
%at|ii;> MJ^cii to
eerier aii4 feat of whieb,
ltti|l|i^(}cl«i^% ^rt of
iS^t^l^OTiAy W^Utiof up
m^^m^^^m^^fo^^fo^ ■ Jlafce. tlis
wbicE divides t|f tw^ (^^SirrrXo iftt ifd dfj f '<:qii*
it(|iiqn^yh|cb had.^^ tiiucl^ traulilt mi,
^otedto atlSToIve tlic ^|iipn, wb}«h Im4 fiif»G|l|!ji| be<^
itnetn |h<^.aiid |hc itoyiriis jn N^ifbatnpfl^fe i^ and
tQii^edp^|ei^ j^ tJi«Mr^|enBJj|^ to that
g^^^ift> ^ g^cpuraged by thcfcdivifai), the
i^bty^t 5^ct^^n)f>ftiir^ waa per^i^edivby feme
*^ J^si^ mfmjbcrs. Id piaim tpa ^WM^baa of
elprjI^Hflncfa l^boged to,b|erb«for|!it)i< royal de-
^pifi^ii Bi J 7^i 1^ Accpi^dMfl^ ibat ft^s put
H>i6' Gbrfgtifls, i| claim to «c wbole ^rf^torjr of Ver*
o^bnt. m'vryotk tqiok the fame Hep. and put in her
dam ^ tb^ Wbqle of the lands. /^ Ne^hanipfbire
hl^iibt^tie lead pretence, up^on any principle what-
ei^eK tb hl^ake fucn a claim it was not donbted in
V*i<nnd'n^; hut that intri|;ue8 bad b^eii formed by the
k^fbg men in thorc tiro fltate^, to divide Vemiont
bei#^^n tbetn. The pan^e of mountains^ which
rilhi tbrnugh the iiate^wpuld afford a liatural line,
foi* fticib a divifibn r Aqd this mjeafure wotild unite
the two'da^s of MewbampChire ancll^ew|rOrk ; and
pt|t an et|d to all iuttire controyerfy, with the peo-
f\i of 'Vermont ( either refpeflfng thdr limits, the
validity df their grants, or the pow«n of government
ffhkh
,u
9 i77$t ' June«ii»:
•..r J ;{•...
mp^9m.'>'^mmf7i
which they had aOutfi^i^ Apd if Hmk
mid h« ufti*t^lii*isl% flili^ " "^ ^*
reft #l«iHl%i?ettetteifett|g
fifoVi trbubifeiiieW'jC^li
hailiplhire :^fV>riith6u|h t]^ Uiel^l^
clttfettltaiit Ne#him|miiir#^#^:^^
b«i^fl«ttl^, v<^t ibeelinll^Cwteeiir liipii
Ne#yiHi M ncfvir httcfil cH^tei^iiiillf
N«i^atki|»iiire, the'dt^t^te kith imM^m
^r?i--^ V*?^
oceaain^^tttem^^ticotnnieita a fiikinrprili
refi%iM^$o'^ilie iHi^hcing of tii«o, mfi^^n
and the ^omft^ of ^vSy aS d^ g^MeC «^r
tteideal Ver^i^fetlftatelf anr^pilioitil: w^
ir f^Uds ar« futfcientfy po#iribmr itie lu^SE'
oitr
rpal^ii,
ui|ed Cbfig^y ^ a>me ro1oliS:'a^fii^
coAtroverfy Witli VertiiodI j; laatiild th¥1i^alit^aii(i
for the violeuee^^th^ P^eeanis. ^i^ t&lil r '
wduld (boil brini oT a dvir#pv&4 t^it >ll 'i)i|r
grievaiic«i of the {^eiple df Vtmo^iMmmM^*
arofe^OiiY tli^ (brtnerijid'mtimeiit of Kewyolk inll
not ft-om the prfeRiit.1r "^^^f^T^
* Copy of a Itttcr fnm ^at nar C^alia, to Palatiab Fitc^, EHu
tAUefttdcopy. . ^
I ■ I
Patter iVm's letter to Cov^viHir CikMtoti
Mitiot's petition of May 4* »l770.
,^ 4' C l(ntoii!*' ktiercta 3w' Mi
anc
:i4ilu»frtifm^v^
.r»v-.
^4^i^vi^i^^^ii» ^ isdiiMiitlte» li« I|fmat0a{ to
ifiSiimilk^ of (1irKeiiphampi(if« gifnt^^frnf 1%^
il^M'i^i^ Dfeiliire M»|>toi^eaii ain'^
^..iiiliirirSll dii»<pfcci|i and ]^i^vent^
WMk'dii'ici^iMNr^l^^ tadciog tl»e(is
tnontt 804 tviiii Ctoogredf ij(//ii marched mtl| ait
jKi^tfd iD^ci'^ afti mile |»iilbiieri of tbi Colonet^
an# i^Qi^f^srii^KwIlo^e^a^Qg^^ tbe %^^
thdri^ Itf ^I^INft^^ ipOpf||laiiiit #as iiiiiiie^f atelf
ftiMle to (fpyefHOr <S^^,^ wjih an eart^ft rt^jaeft,
thithewould take cIm Moil ff^edy an4 effe^ufl
meafiim for their relief.f v Oq Tuoe the 7th, Mr*
Hh Clinun,
* ClintAii*! ^^t«r to t^oogre&i of May 18, 1779.
f lourirai 0^ Congrefs, Jao« i, ijr79, p. 1(37.
t s. M»not*rleM«T t6 gov^srnor CliRt^t), m May ff|, iT^jf*
\
|\
t# xlit^lfiaPBrAifiAlliiOIVlll
:ll
40m$im
•^Acimi^t of the p^^c(^d1%P4^rA^v Wf^1s4o#^r«^
^fe«At|u,
mm
m^"
ought is % mem tiiiie to (iifpeiHl^ ^utoiiifg^ iheir^
cept loch of tlieniy^^i fliall profefs allegiance to, and
confQlf the juiiHiOionOf the ({im^ refpeaively,-*
Refolved
.N'i
v >•
•t«r
tWfmtit Oli^dlirl^ of'VtMiEtili Jm^I^
of ill wis itiiy 1^'adiinit^^^ atteUiiiflH Jif^
f fiiacpf nd^ difH. a^Nncld tiMr^ opveii of gov^rto.
'p9^l^%t H^t fliiej^* tod ftliiiid)^:'tfbtiii«^^iliir
yfhit^ Coiigreff j^nypdfed, wM itec^fiMpiffHkle^ "vrtUi
%ifyilait of fedilf I ktnA tiM racirc diiigtffiiii^ ii
^ewyork trat (conftantly aiming to braak up tiie
.f JournilofCoB|i«^8i^tfi!ibcrB||i779« •«\vt*«t
iiriifm
. iiiaiftCMittidiirei^ii
IB
i"t i
' Vl
tQ
iWHiwiH m~iiiwi, iiini|i pwwcr. '
grcf8>ir«tttIielt|«lri^rei^Udv«lio4y/*t vo
* Joimial oF Congr«ri, March ti, ijtQ, p. 8t» 8fl. 84.
i Con ClitMa4«i'« ^4Uer t« C«i>|ftl^ ^ July ii^!u.i|^«
t
/
'If
d
b
I
>
thttt by the mode of triil Wl^b Wat adopted, tkf
. ftal^ot Vcriaoat could hiive no bearing, without
:t ^ ' '
|A%,'^.lP!i^#i#17lowi.
isfi %mmmmii»'
S1#ilif«**?^i)»t
llSfihiiii 'JilfeiTiiFifnlriilif riThiirrWilSiiniHi-
xnictee' was appointed to confer with irer aife^iSlty,
mhtce
A^j^jilStlriFtNil^^ .>iiiiiiiiiMiBiiiii
Miffiwliiririii itihjithtitv fniiitdfltiiiiiiiiiiiitti jjifi
111(1 Ji.l|wih>i|ii(i| II nil ithaIliicA.6|M!i"i.i1(iiii ijiiil (ifflilm
iiffli^ iii4 Ibuth. 0f Utittt^ ^f I and tii|i,tp^4l|
and iiii4Fdb^^f^4Mi^j.tbffiiMAiciito
lifb tmmmm^mmmxL
: ii/l. Mhi i ilitfljiiilliwi^ liiiiii iimiilHi' "' "'
i- l^W^^ff t^r!^^PBfllSBSl» tS^^W^WMff l^p*flwwR ^WWWw: ' «^1
in the adjacent cewmtteHtfenqMbfalliitij iCftftei^
j%|e ^mi^; .ito-^>f«»<il|iir%9|Mtt»^
i(?|!erajijpi[|ttii<iiiv 'i>»t>ii^fftiMwi>ip''ft>eipi iwiiiliBliilii^MWi'
union wero agreed to/ iMr th^ i«)^«ftotiliiw»7df «
twedt^diftri^ in IHWfom, and tlie^OiiiDftM!»^m
Vermont.
this ^pmfiimcfMmt u^imm^m^^w^
htd now ike^iil««aj tl^Mie Irid ki €b#*^^ tb
1 tl.i.^->^ I ii iifiilfg ^^1 i'i4 II iiiiH^^tHlii Ifc'iil ^^
liiifc" MitfwhiiMititiitptli iiiiitffiiiilMimiilit-^*'*^ --
iliii TiiiiiiiitiiiiitiliMiriiMii iJiiit iarliaf ■ liiiJaiihiht ki^
iMUifeiB^iky' viMfc Mtml d itifli I'll imiiriii ■ f i* tf to iJiaiitmA J ■
to j^V. Iklllil |A»i#w ?roiur iei^fMiM^ilplI WKINPI^
if |4|^l^ a friend of yaur own, here, wkh propofals
to tFc genera], he fh^ll be pmte^ecf^ andrimf^ 1^
en.*!
iMAfe iliifiliiMi'fi jtiytiiiMi Mtfiiiiiii
bit <iii»liiiiii^ftf^i| iiKtl^M' i
r^mmae^h^^
Mfem rfhhiiiirtiiiiiiri
'^5.-^
.— ^'JhUi'. . ^'a ^■^— ■■*^'^^
42.^
■f^'
1
lift atflan
ft*
>MiiffittiiMiaf'b<
tMtm^^iiMi^i
m^ I i^jllhoMi they
w-uNl #Hlfll>fift'^fiw'ftniitif^ii»m ■■Hill riiiiiiiiii Mil i ■
tfit iiiilj^Ai tinm, aiSa had tieithicr ina|A«infts^
K k norihvard.
/
lai
Of. Ne
f'itti
a4% i^Uk ft «aa»nUp<iii AIR 1^^
fllf f «3<wli lilkfwr :lh0UMl fe ^f an tdl ^TaAft >|5ri|iai
tAi&'^Sfllsr%iriikIi hfi4 been enti9|te4 lo^Hini t Mii
h«^kh9i*ndtMs§msfhy«ttf^ yrcrftj»inQii|'|i^ f^m^
Mererl Okc Bist|ifll«genM tp,<|pcwvf tfeBi^folM^ wi^
sK^'bifta of Ahoh* own li^cfm^ai?^ <^mp^f f# i#<£^.
«1 ^f cMn iiifw«,ni^ le^dhig the «^^y 'mo ^t
Bgr^MOf «t, Aat no hqHilmiBtJi Qm^d \iteQp^^x^%^
agaiaft tb« ftaictpf yermwt.jr^U Hy|. ft^#r J9r
f"^|* Fiy WM fewt t|0 tfee ijnpmf ,9S %^l<t P*»»r
p^^uar^ 1^ iMNii|Ufeied Ml eicbaiigf of prift?neri,|
And in September, Alleit'ancl ra)%J^f4pfto§j>^conf,
f«WfriH^ ^witb IM, Brt^ agcnts^r wmcJr file *«
f45>*fn<[r^ left ^ BrUiih ir| high e xpea^g^Bf <^ nia|^
i;i h:v. •:^-n':4^'■] ■ * /.■ ■ ' %i;ipont :.
'r.
T
-*?*JI|^IX^
:^«-
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and wm Imh it ,&c^n4crM». 1^
Don M^li lifaM^^vig^ ^mm^m
tl&^ rojml ^£feiiv«$iiiM^
riiMMi^^^liM^ iltni»|j fitii
,_.-. ,^^, w«!l» fold ittxitt^er, ih4i^il»uiii^
cibie f 1^ fpit}teii^^M()^t^dl l|r ih #^a#ri ^
were
ofthe fimle of Vcriiiont. In F^uar^r and itt
Apr^^j^ mUfh ayepta wrolo^ inib^i mo^^ {>rei&«g
cermi, m i^t<;»-ination^ Their %mk0f Md wm^
vill.bift ai)pear« frbm the %lf of their letters : Tha
foUonring
,^w« »»^J hm m^M^i iftfe if '^i j*)?iifat iUM
m prodamatiotts ? I repeating fti|[ti
fa^cifiAaint y^ W tlNe ftiitfif)Hr^ 6f Ms l^ceUenc^
|Mni<qMil3^^i»» t)^ i^e of Vclftnont , >tid ihtlb
!>•• i^mr^anii lnymafl^ imgliiiiitidiie, am. iiw Cbcf
^ W WWww. olBRiliJf alTvre yoof durt o<r^ art
^.>r«nMMf4 ?) yp» i» Wi«w»»(C0CK't fonier of.
|UWi«t»iil Mc ftMls9ft iiiaitfi^ fiUli^ ^t^ inad
]mi^a»aUy complM With.— Wi huat, jm^nfrnk
aybofuch, ai^ l6 <Uf}!)Mi!<l«B <mr ^utoli^ ^ndl/^
«ii
wmm mwmmm m
to rami ••J»t# ig|
Cana^, with a letter from thtjeovcrnor of Vi^Sk
v«>fn#Br, to«ii ff|iiiit<^t(iSil^ij^ lflh^j^i#5
Dejodaiion were iMifitof ei| mf iif «)|i« u^^i f^
Ipr^Me Vcrmimt, to <Mkm kmtm^wm^ ^m^
Wee J mi, «B liif other, to gN>k4 M4#, mtfi^
biin^ on « Mtfwgl 0f hoittiifei. ^feet^^
1?.^'/ aoi BMKh urg#MI»i let (Eur ^^I^A
C?^^ ^"^^^ *** ctom^ tit liif|iei««ti ^
r**^' * «fd i^«t« A vary l»j«iif]^ lm^t# Oofi
<mor Otkfendw; f«»y coiBfiN% his li^udl
of Iihtntffi^ dM 9^;^i. ifiif iffiwiidi
p^4mmmmi^fi$ YmbAL Hit
*-*•* ~-^ — ^^ — ^~ -^ *-—
•A. .
f^^mj^"^
At#
ifitt
^' "Ills txprtifklrj m%iS^|i^oiie^
rWt!fflaiSP <^>fMt»^ pow^ttr, to,£Hfve you.
y ' oncerUm. Wh% m e^qtlOfm^ Mfiterely re»
i(^Mnk»|kct of r^fiMug to ytou cha
fc:
I9^|M^I^U ^ to Gov«iMr ab^^
Vf}''3i
amb(gu(>|iij#^idiifi^«tilli^
cd» not to liS^y^^^ Ib^StSil'lil^i^
a time wh^ fli« fti^df reithoii\ defe^il^ W
conUocn^ piid iiitttile to d^fiNid mfill tky it 'th«
mercy of th6>nii«^lhCatil^.
^Eightlwfeiii ctely m VerWrtik, #ef^ Si the fpcret
of^ic«WrilSp0ildeii8i. Eadh of tlcm war. -di^ii
to be aiaottt tlM^M^i^oiifli mtd frfe^di; t6 tli^' A^
rMtm €»m lliey Hid aivo#cd\te ftyiijiotip,
and ebbraced the caurc of their country, from th«.
be|iiipi||^|f t^ A«iieficfiiiifMir { Tliey iMd^fiiillteidl
I
;-«#SV'
^/^,
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I, CO prevcnt.iucn an , « ^ .
tiiiH-air'^'Rga^'i^n.tb i^tefifc^ Acmretvcfs, to' >r«i»cufe
^ iliUy
I J
JtWitMllil^#iliiiilgiby^ lip
m^mm
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Iiiiitii Tiiiiiiimlriiliilli fiilfiiiiiiiiMiiilirMtiiM< '' '
pto o|iyiaiiiiimJDa
'Piid|itiii(|n*Aj 3«hI ■■ 'wN^' *h^r'3 'iMfli
cvtfif/nHb^me^' ^mii lit^<»iwtA'pi§niuir<rfiwi
il|OWti tittt they dffcnred tU file bkp«|s of fHQtiifQi
to as p^ n^&Him^j^k wm wjwitiiw jp^piiiittitN^
s whofij
liiii ililiiilii i liilifi?
M itlllilillltf 'Btifii' li^i^iiNi^ j-ttitllliliiii
^ImmmmiMmiii^^
4^^^j^^^i^^^^^£^^^£,
lkiM^0sa^iiiiMim$
9MHmMi
himr^
sINhI 'ti^^mmiimiif^i^t^^
#afriif K'^iriail iilfriiiitoli laiiffi niiltlrr lirfirif ilifnilihtM
^^^^j^^^ ^^^^^j^^MitX^M
ftlh* ■ i'- 1 ■ iiiifc mjM -■.■^«^- ... a
pmrfwIIIMHI. IfMp,
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m iCBIlBP llffipw fWIIIlp
confer
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(7U)I79-4S03
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Im ml «i# intlitiff ?iMI<#i^^^
i^ \^n conftantlv gaining ,^ftfengtll, n^t only
amoJll tte tMi«|»k WBo fmjt atetd)r.*<lcd\iii*the
territory, but by the acccfllo» of large numl^rs of
peoptl
m ^
** ♦
people from otl^ ftate^ )mt clildly fm'tioiitiei
df thofe 1^0 bftd ^eii in o|nM»fitldti toi^b^rtriiiiiiilif*
tnigkt1i0,or «f to iveoQ^^tiidr^it^liiM^i^ttd
were now ftiDf cmivliiee^ thatnbtMof c6m lie
carried^igatiift Ihifovernnieiiti hy force tnd djMO*
fuch pttmi mSk'ike ftati, il1iii#>t«vj«yii%iiii«le
. m(mtiHtL ^ Wifti^ril^^ f^ tilii ^pmm
acquiefce in the ^ifi^ilf (^i«^iM hi^ \
Conmrs had withdraurn all th^contiSninit t!^0(^»
and Im the ittliabitanti ^ take carejil tb«m&|#«i.
'In their expe^ fixation, tt becfeme n^oeflkrt : ti
rai(^«%aiyfflil^ i#c^ for the ~d«fej|ce of the mjfr
tiers/ The Itfttiiiture oiiiefed diem tp he '"
fohn thtf foi^mtbllrilfc iq the J^^
the nuh^ if Iheilr Inhabif aat|« '^h Hii
perfottf in tl^ fontbeifterly parta of me J^
oppofetd thenifinf ind piyi^iot of thefe men,
governor of Iffewyoik hy letten M^ thfto^ an4 i
vMei Itttn-fered in the biifineil. To ioof of ti#i
diOrffe^itf fperfoot he gift: ciift j»d , iplifiw^,«j|i-
«iiflMi#, and eneoinnaged ilmm wtt^ Ihe pr(>Q|<|l9ynr
promtfe o|* fiif^ti ind pti||(^^tO|i»^ > Jf w imb*
]ent%^t&ia%i^$of %|K>tt indiiiM
fbe governiDMttt ofJIfirmli Ij^meof theieipMiBtt-
ed peribni,:hed th#effromry |;p itteai|it to exjenBlfo
th6|airslQf-^!feii^rork,cfMFer the atiieni of Veri»f^tp
« ^
fo
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file ^ 4Ui» tbe comdiittee nported^ *' that t|»e
if
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Hbfcnstif «|i^f 4uB ^fiirpatioiliri^t]
WMh regard to that part of the rcfolf #s» wli&?b
declared ** tlie proceediogs of Vet^ont^ to be,4erOg-^ «
atory to lilt authority oC Ibf yiifr^ird Srateik. and '
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•• lOlMI l^l the vHus fivmv vDa mpc i«[
in focaarJni^i^jas tliat it iciii am
Me. , inmt towp of Civ«iidi(li, to t'
the yair i|i^ die qilan^ *iat >
|ftbeftimf|l#:iii 0f ||llier 6^
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The pl«iiiif hibtiif wift>'iliipyi«iiieaff • ^pmrtUA
(but «j||| jaibmi ■ 4iy't iMpk^ i«Mil/ &id>«iiipfojf(«
t\m }^(mfi^$, S^n giwrm^ (tvMi^ty [£d&iM -Moy^it (m
hi liQfl^iiB^ulil^ value tCNg&e faoodred aii4ii|^tN
arc dotift«Qti)Tihepioiii
atcme to tMi'itid
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jtx^W^rifMw tmtt^
l^ii^VM^kriNKteOn^ of
l^d^ ffiimtie^tiMa^ mmWmiklk every
loii^lft^VMtK (b€ llitrcir Mk^#^ tht
IftgfMpetty^ Oiat'bbi)!^ fli liaei jit I^M^t^ enters
l^tlHnmnd e<^n(itti»bai^. ii i^^^ ilibi^ jitte^ fti tfte
iU#.^Talce ff^m'tH^di; illMar ai^j^ritei^^ the
pi^f^pTt!^if!f\thoif,*tiim bopf
ofieliMRi ^fii and pr6fKHft^ tl^ ltd tbe £tro-
^an ttmTe^tilsQtfcs will fotfow : Hbt ^#m every
wheft Aouid, the wealthy muft liMiiAtiiil tbetn, and
bot^
■ f «,;-
^ -''SfH-t-^-'
fw-i-c S*.'. -jrf
r
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to ntult/inOs ii*>ill?rc>' itaif ik • ••?-f>f-ij>.r ^ -; i-trnifii|
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fiotiv oiiiiiJerhred ifrotir MMtt^ <Jtiuai^l'i[f«ilMii]ri
•ocp viiMi' Jfieeftaft^ of tit«^|HM>til#{ tgft tte^ le^v^
aderof iliotioaf^'itid to dttiliii^ tlie Bl^ if fS^tjf
cict^ irhicb taksBfilMis Mi«>n| tbtffad^rl In i iie#
uhiyevfal ainodig flie p«c»|ik/ iif' all< piWl^dF thh
ao^atnttd mkh te IHMiml im^iilt fi^««cci i 1^* to
ha»»«lMiniiU tbo^hB lo nsiA^^ At^li ibfe feii^ f^ftUH
t«frio«rHt^ % pUm ifttif legflit'hiild i alldtdbat^
tiiei|i aeqauntdl «Ath tli«>MiWi d^ IfmtSl^il:, to fitt
^^\\mik9aakrfx<mm^ ivyof lAitttioft tojni-
iHMi*iidriitcdBv/o(»tlpat«ona^m, AtttK^dttl-
dito are trained tfp,ta>imt kiiid«rlliii»ilrledg^^ Tftr^
^ J arc
\i$§^^ft0, tlikr tra^itH^ fmito readl the
'"***" i--ii Vri^taJ pu1)licati<«»i^ newfpji-
ceeP^»# flitloafi^ #|iillit^,dft!ic general »C.
kttMfhtMfUic, itiA dt the Congreft, &c. Such
a ktM^of «^idiH6ii is cemit^on and uiiiverfai in ev*
errMi df lib^^i^ ': Andtidehliig would foe more
feteief^'a^iiitta|il^MB^^iMy^^^^'^^^^
itiua t1ieirebildit(ii III the ar^ of leading, writii^^
and itithmetic : iltii wiei^ thev mMoi able td^ pro-
5wre^r,.i^^iil sill^iyitwi^ attend to
a (?||^ c Ufi^^p[^a^%m iimsAtoMi udil>lKiD,re8d|
wri^,|i«Mti]»^miil^^ HeUs^ibeinexiaKDo*
^f^m^,mi4im^^mmHltfy faifttionftoiiilaeH^
^a4fi| MfMifrll^i^ gi«ii« to^evtfjr One
th|^.lc^tt|^.|[di:rBattO^
liiKd^jbai^i^lldl^l^fiir.f^
wWe t|if «^^;atf ,«^
will hav^ iefa advanlagea, and of confeqi
%
pmmn^l^mh9 fifidiNiinrtlM older toMul^
9ei0o^rW$& ^rlietter^ adlpt^dtoiprivtee^ifinr
|mhlicfOpd« fSiigfovfei^tdof edoottbiitrinllnio^
fpeculi»li^^idi^te^««d^dlftia(^p^tM Bietipb)r&
^* J^S^Cp HaAt iebolftftic! tlMMoglr* !luMf#cvecfpro»
jwc^,^ tulli^ fdffimeoi«9>oii g09d;&iife^pi0inoted
hy toe^^virHHE;, vti|^|.fi(fedotn»i«i^ pttfolie)h«||4
mneff^ Iii^r# mm ^wmimni* ia m n&leit foei^
ttuttio)M\|>r«i#ieed |»x the Qlbor^ cnwUlin tefe If iO%
luifniHedgeare.dMtocdiiiiAflDigotii • - nyfb
^iF' Eaaly
/
mm
mm'
my
mtm
mmmtwwmm
men.
\
tipi^t "^^^ f^^umw
it maa mmmumtt^Oir van
[my
itrrsini'Tr ff ^finilwfitcw^ slot MouMmyfl iNrincii ntfwo
itiibi^jM fWkwhti f>Mip]f ar jiM^
^Hdiir^^i^Hi tNt^i^C«lil HBtT^t^iMt t^ffiaii* ' 9Nh
ftuescfe att4 tStai^'fheki^.^^'p^^
ind iCHVif^/of bofdy, will alf^Have idTifotagel pe-
^]iak<t«» »i«*(ifti«l^t; Iii tnakkig^^to^ liattolflir.
folr!dribf^t"4tcafllliitilt«^' *i^ ettlillliM^1»iHlt^. <1^l|Kl
m^ift;^ Iffl^h^d tt^ '(bm« « dapiclff an#^a '^tK
to mllep ^ ^^udi' m6re tifd^I if!^|)ni^yftht a«f d eir«
ettl^ «F tHii lym^r^i litid &f fliofe ilg^^i» tluWfhe i^s
gWeto tQ^^l^.»*^Thtti^ ftatc of nsittir*^ il'#telf ^^a
Hm^fifthh^tfttfr at hii<V hrfterall^ ti^ri*! to ][)fodtt^«
vv S C it.
/»
,^
fe And ittke eal^kfft ftajttl^ ^^^Ibci^ty^^sm m«tt
^iWtjtttkiioWn-'or tlifoi^ tfafetBfel«^«ft^^iniGHri^hk}^,
t|3y ctf?iTe^i:6 bp of: any ^ftr or i^^^tatidt to thtoK
^^(E'fi&atioa'nittiraltjf leads ithenn to^^em (hfc
pe^encies^ ah^ defigtis of nature.* They ail fed
^M daftir^ fiaiB inaHe t^em^e^isl iti tef)3ea td^ ibeir
fWt <i^ ratter^ 1^^ liiatatB has ;given td thiefti «
nip|! aticfJiffii ii^ t6 lih^ty,t&4r^^r»
■vd^mm 1 # loltkie.^ftovef'nffiient, laws.refifikm.
J^iabliCtiSniBe, |irOpcrty, and fec^irfty i fiicji ♦ieKfs of
ieir ^qualify, s^d righes, trnftteidiately occ^r tolSieir
irnds : iihiy are eatly df fterhed, and they afe per.
re^ welfurid^tttbdd; ; ' '-*
IcdUo^MV^EVerjr thi^ in the Btnatton and
cSftploryr^ents^^ th^ pc<ipl]fe^ iil a he«r C6<iiitry^ wiM
tiaturarly teM to ^^rbokte Economy ."; Thei« ate no
l^rge eftileS|. 6^ ^^ciil^iv^ed fariiw, prepared hefore-
hand f^r'^We h^. Wftry^Mg jfor mod, raiment,
iip con^riicritc, ^ttft Bi |n-ofctiredl)y the labottr
autfi ^dimry t;lf the ^ifthter j nhi it ii not without
fiitjef '^iMcnl^y and hai'dfiup.tliat'ihe people cai»
j^te^e the ncc«ffaties of lift at iiHl^of thcconvei.
niences
.iiisip^Af <>» vEa^i^j^f/ 331
4u<;c ^ llf^^K "gjww^^o !«cQft9iiijp, III j|H thefr ,fx*
pi;q%5, b§bit#» 4tii4 cmilpWs.-^The in|[(i^Q<;^ i|]j|fc
4his ^as Qo iJii^ ,«0air9 md on m
be f<}iial to t|i«r,a^i|iaip<i$ of |P«ur^, And y(mj[f
abovB the ^pnual:
coriiuptipni
of»U
lowe^ oMf r. of bcipgi^ Thebodn.wcikcr-'* »^-—
pprirapd
ratioiial ppvirers j an4 bep?|mcj| vcjif:, l^ngvi^a* aj^
incapable of manly exertions, ojra^inps^Qts, IfO 9
lUte tl;iu$ degraded, .e%pi^at^ . f i^d unp^anfy/ Ipx
my freqi|«atly Ti^duces ti|pf«»;wbQ j^ar the repQains
of tbf bwPHin forip, P4>)iijif^ waiter* have fpgqitijijnl^
ly 4Tfp^ ^t luxury j^?s pf ml fey vic^-ti^ . the t!(f^
tiQUi, /pf JE^iop^ f tJiaf; tt i^endecl to fipfl enwWypltnls
for t^e ppor» f nd wa t pecf^iry to keep t n« ipcfiVy
ip circulation. Tbis r^^fpping cannot be contra-
dided : But,^| fuppofcs'tlie i^atc of lociety to l>e et-
i^iW be f Aip6raie jBver fa topfa^i^feRnji ,i«|eifct fl* «
idpbftrir; aid ^t^pmy^ wUl pf^jtnl , Cucb at |acc
in'Mf of t|hft iiQ#,^M of America^,. , , v-m i « i
« pbsptT ALiirv.«!-Tlwi beoeiif^^ itimdfy >di^
^iety. IiIlM Bfll coii|btiMit|Oiii ef tnanluod, when
all are cxpofcd |o danger, fuffefingi) aod want, it
lippeari in one of ict moft amiable lonni, and has
been called horpsCality. In this fonn it estfla among
the people wbo are fubjeQed to the comnion dan-
ger, fatigue, and futferingf, which attend the form-
ing of new fettlementt. Feeling every moment
their own wants and danscri» thev are led by their
fituation, to aflift each other in their difficulties and
danger The trf«vcller finds among tbem, all the
relief their circumftances will enable them to afford
him : And befo|« they are able to ereft faOufes for
public entertainnaent^ the Arangcr is fure to ^nd the
peft accomroodattons, the fituatioci of private fam-
ilies will admit.— This hofpitable difpofifeion fcemi
^o b^ «)^v>«f Al, in all the new fcttkments : And the
utifor^unate
bee«pofcdfoTtifeon Tucri^X^%
ar»d.ci,flJpaMon. hm rtlitytt i^q^M
aancei »tquirfc refitt^ '1^ Wktmim
rrrnn, ^;:;jrf^
1 (
i
ill *J «!»■,'
'» b*^
■u}, fi
ca A p.
T^E^N^Wfi^^L mmiEfl^
ji?c>r'|iiAi»
"jHt>,v ■ . -. . " ■ -filial' ^ofnit^'isrti
•i^ot^o^ ferf ^asfstlo ijti&li iwtt gttjritti arii-6) i>f>tt|RbK
Jlir^ifi -orit i«> <;i d;t*d«7 j«Hj /rr^r^fcjis bits ^l« ioVfc%.
tfiO
•^st^ Ion «i '{In
' ill
'«
gcMrfg^mff**.^^^^
Whtre my thtis eiicer iueo the tuMngi ancl concluS
^211 ktie meoibers, ch^ wltl unavoidably hjive a
gftat lW!lu«^ce utabit the flate and con4u£l of focie-
fir. N^or can TodMy dchef fee them 9,^^ or cany
Vnithe public t^afih^ft i^h^t eheni. jfnilead of
Wi, in tMkfdnkot aftorlllT. r6clety will he perpeu
liiiHy^illid^ WH^ildi of reii|ion. When bumiin
td^ctataffoni Irtd 6videiic6 are t0 r^e^ive their high-
tlt fdrci^, ind Moil fotettn fb^, or when the noft
ihtpoHaflt' innfa^Orti are to be berformed» and of-
fees of ihe'hiffbeft tHrft Md cohfequcQce are com*
^OQ
The moft pniiv anil iHstHMNsIM fytim of vtHgkMl,
which hws ever |irei^ftUed »iM^^' tti^ii; ii tlml^ if
Chriftianity. i/Fla't religton l^illhd |tt imth,Udl
adapted to the nature and flpitte dl ioian, hit jpMfM^
cd tor its end and aim, that winch U of the hi0x9tt
ttnportaiice to men aaid to fodeiy^ uni^inlld imn^
o}ence» the love of Cod aiNl flMn,' or iioii^itiht Wh-
40*. VlOi^ilNiilfKr fM^^^ilnr^ill|^l)ll# ^^^
piflMfl»it%iih,^««tfitlM»tftttftll^
ttke iHien thii^^^Mli «a^)nqMn|ilMi# j^^
And inftead of being above aR^fMilml^^^illor^
tbey wtO " nd that infolttbiltty belongs only to'lli^
govemn^f ^ '^ God ; and thit iJtcertaiitly u not en^
tailed iipf /partifV9Vd«notnl4K<Muof
Hotbinfihirtfi^ f^oMib^ iif^
to aH<^tc^ilf thele ^I^KV^S^
makeiiM to ^ wiji% in liMHtors ol? "tfAi^
Tht ^ini'parlf wouti' vote tlmirfEtlVes t# ij0
only jplktt den^niifif tion^ t&ey troiM oiaice the
cphtHbtiti» to:th4^(bppipiH^ an4 eft4^ tNii^lm
lentimeDts iiiid priiaice^ as tlie peifcWoA oT fci#|f.
edge, urifllott, Itldsreli^i; atad iii ti^wBfWoilt
ioepfar^s, whicb ifM ta^^y iQjybeir liiip^iieQioiii
sdd ecrork, upbn nitiite ajgeir T&e doiidiuodi ^^
one pirty- bvef ailubither in matteri of ttM^fion^ hM
always hid tbii c$(t4 1 |t has (ppei^titd to confirm
6rror, oppre^ thp )gntfionty» pi«yent tbe fpmt rf
free !nyu% |ind inveiillgijto) I iod iubjfAod npto
to the tapli,|hnre{<;nting of ai) perfeyitiQi^fi'^heperr
fecutton of j^ricfti and ^ealot^ p)eadKiigttfU|dplo to
juftlfy ttieir ^left a£tton«.— At^thfjUpe timtt, etrenr
good mijp fe^Jls^bknrolf tM>ui|d oot iqi rcnccfr or ad-
mit anj^ niirb a«ithor% in mpM^rscof religiom The
obligations ot religion are antecedent to, and more
Itrong
\*
Mm^-ti*iii>^'f^^^im^^^p^^^^ M the
ggiig^yiiy^yfitli^ con-
€ip^lli4iif«ril«Rr«x«<il;i>^«iitiof^ li^
fqyriiwi»|iilllwi»<r>i fmpwgtMWMaifti^i of heri aw of
pfu^y «r9 iivpofltwonof ihe truth, and that jU»4he
isih^wmim^rtiwfK M^ ^^i^hu^m^h the
liitiM^Hiihflire :l<^ tiiajiii»ly Jiibme^hi right and the
lipurc;!^!^ liiki(tifQ(«Mf> >y cQa^UdvediaiMKin^ forms
m l4«i^ii4 Ue JMx^ the pfopit, lit thai com-
ii|o»iifjM^i> Mrry: tMwif iileiia pf rcUgioifi liberty
p^ih lW»l^^lhli|i^l HrT^I^ n* 1^11^. fl»|i have
an|idP(HvflMP afU l4#«< Pf vf i^vom lf» oblke anotberi
tJ^at,«#(i;^.4e!np^lMlMPi».P»ay lay thtmiflvet under
mI^ civiifxilf^^;^^ an4|ol4iga<iittM t|ie^ i but
tw gov^funantiba^ not tiial« any dtfMndtons be
l>v«tn th«ro ) , that, jiU dcasipminations (hall cnioy
ai
I k
equal
iwtiiffiliKo Mirti II il»yiiit1iiiiliiiiiiiliiiii(iiiiiini iiiiii i
idon^ kts^^imi^mwimifi^^lmm fill #«ieii^44tt|^
diii|gjtlwi| iiiHi Ul Aii#BotuMnii^ iMdi>ti<iiWtdtowiftii<f|itiwi
ROf>wMipiMMMMr|N|M^r W^VI^^
UIAVNIV «nOSIMOV|*MIIViHHPilHVwOHIOIlBVB i^^SPI^
Ktn^hiAjpfllir^. l^itpmcimk #1^ of t^<«6tii^
tntrtKoniiNlle^fhiJIth'triLnglilM. JntmigHimi6f
land tlii<%«r«1lla4r b/flikni cl«eMM»er« J»NlM(b iwm^
in M«V lt#tilliif '^fervai ^^ f^lghii^ f^tfbmt
frirrigrt t»iHs i'infH6tkf^m^(-Mgh^ 1^ '¥hr ttib
nf an^^C^at'dl^gf I H HKfr#' fbl^^h# 6i^'1^ctl^
'^^^^^^^KKStw
^W*#-r
TngimiiiitiiiB
fybea t# the es€«pftiOM^if»||ii|im|| ^if^yr^m^
j(H)i«f4¥4U M^iywimid pii|r«ffioi^^f^ ilm>«4<?f|*ic
^ui^n^a 4»ra4r^m|«g«i to tli« ^f^ to^ye fucb
tr/id^pf laad lying wafte. It his been repeatedly a
; i* . I k' »-M>;'i. flutter
fikMh^mm^^^
the (ld#W dii^le^fAutbWr t^M^<ibt
feetm Kii t^ idi^<t«t^ tb the ftibj^^riibd ^lalrft "^l-
pi^lle* lll«^ rdr|idas tighti "of thfocM^l'^^'mr
wdfmi^*^* '' W^ltii p*an 'or l^^rthwnt formed iti ^
t OtiiUratioo of Hghti, Artkle ill; '
^%
'tH T^'
h*^K.
'-mr
thie nior^], jrii4 ql^vtl j^nterb^ of mcp^ . J||lk«|B |<|1^^
0|^p<M<^» iyith Ob^iilACjr^ all 111^^ mi#f |
and requires, with a peculiaf fiilcjepipeitbe fuomi
fioa qC fUl otl^^r t^ei^^^fi its pMrQ wealti|fft and big-
ot^^Jljc only rem for the dijiclilties «ip]tidi
atiTc in fopietj. frpm this caqfe, is l^ei iii^itare of
ki^firledgf amt cdjjic^fion. J^nd ^wIE^re focjcty is
4e|[itute of tqe m^int and inilituii^fis, whicli are
rcqui^te to prQ^otJE: knf i^Iedg;e, i^ ps w^th^uf one of
its rtioft ctfcifi^r adva^tiiies ^ the i^eai»f pf lier own
f iiltivsftibh, arid imgfqvemcnt ',^ , , * .^
Iiefs of life, it, iifre^^atteii||d l^. . ^^ fl|^ c^jlomsiry
methods of edui^SitiQA'tQt^'the proUl&MfQf^ivitMty,
Ja^ ot^ phyfic. ii^*iE!4krct^%^Mc8^ «^ do not
proi^ile Either e^iificqdcjj^^ ^^^^^j^pJe^ Tin?
' ■ '\ " -1 body
♦ pii^^''ffi«ieorgove!ra»^ent,\5^i<«i^V.v ,, *
'» H,'
^$^-mik %^Mii^§^iN
'^.^■l^iis^n'^^; "**-';* *i-:"n '^I'f ^5*y-li ■^■!;>;fi#v'*^rtiit-*rrft
;i ;f13?:
t.^
.M-IJ!
•p"*!"!" ^
r. ^
t » .i ■■ * > • '
-^%*r te4l«^ ■'^«i« f'"**'^'.'' '*-:?l''^ ' ''^ ; :'>v*''-' ■'^aff»'^*
f0irfK';lufit-'|*«#' ■^-^'■■' "■ ' ■ ■ •"• •-' ^■- ■ '*^r'f
n. ■»
1,, «,
»€1ttAi^**^
% :?.j.4*.
HI TH^umifmh
m
^^m ■ X^ .>a-*^«**MA4ij:i-.i^^, -^rf^^^lt^^m'^'-^if^^^
^'«(0^.;i{», ,^?^iJ4M'*-l;^i'jM^Wff • -^..©j, tf v^%i^.ebi..>m>; limit
ofity is the public bufinefs ; not ilM^miEil^flili
«liio^tfaitlf, bi" th0 ilif tif);f iM»r^l»6 >.^
i^^ii« 0% tbatkp^blii^4«^fM^%li^iSiiiceN#«i^
^mot adWttt <ji ftw^ci?#i|{>Tf^, ndbiltlf, ^ti*iJ^ tihd
of i^redit^t y ^Mfwretff^ * bdt oiti^ of fMiwett gitmted
' ^overnfne«[^sJa(tii«kd 4!ib tMs ^KliitMe,^ do not
ii«»c«(r!Tilf iifl^ty rile (a#i«^iirj Th(tyd6hot a#.
rtiir*^ !*%*(? w^wi called iembCirafcf^lbj^ 'tlii6^^qint/e^ts«
}i«i«li«'iim!iet}t d«mcyrf»ci^s^th«« tiablit^ftn^rs w^t
t*4h0rafcd ir tiM »lf«»ih*le'i «# liwi fM^>le : The
whole body a1KitiiH}«dl t6 jui^ ^lld 4m^^ upon
pilUid a^i^j|« : Upon fcM^ 6t<:<}iiMt^ ehe%liffi«ntd^2
iDocfadies were fottiifd ro be Wttfiti a^l inid^qatfe to!
t^ 0|v8riiiit«t^ of si Uiige fi(i|t0]iri i Jhi! Aiiienea thif
iTlmii ' difficult/
v^4lw ,fe!^.i|^N&8ff n^
■ i)iiM»iii;iii|,piiif*#i>r ^' .i^i^iiv^QiiMP^piiilf
into ji^io^; 1^ JifTfaMfH^rd^
to fav^r i|ip li^s joi l^i fitoj^^/liiiitfdfrtbod^ft
fi|jHM<|;i^i^«f )Boal4i4^n^ to iinfii/^^ iThe
monarciif «r^o> t^» iBtiodiioeid it, iwH^ # -vieiv^ lo
c^e^^.^iiKioiif $t^mM9iptmplPt^ \9Awfw tmktm^ '^
cbcckfiMiMtt it f ^ntitf«4t4t^MiiiiR» t^ oiigHi ikB4
c xtfnt qC rlllt p^H^gcf ^irtll$' foi^freign, mi ^h%h9
e4io ifi^coskim, »o4 to^oomfiote ibe fylkti^^of 'N{>«;
lefei^atioR*, M*^ efiMil in their rifbtt.b^ nai^ff,
Uif^l»iij|fF,/Q|jf»t]M p«Qpl% wert in » £tii«iioii ^i^
« Hv
fimilar
'^
]|fiQ^S ^Httilitf f ci8i||iii^fiAaftp«M(i^«]fil»ctccmoaiio<
wUl fiKiri? madi]^ «lfHcisrfi!.iKbA^ thtcr i|Di««dV is^ and
ed fr^in tnegiiMvho areipkcad nmoStcen^^ bonoiir
vii;
cr
#^«
«^lcl^4iNi« dtfig^ iMAt aiiiilicd^ to iiuMUi|i^t]t#fim
left It contains ftrithiir^ to; aic^iieift#<)f i #14^
makiiiig jradtltUnd coiiftMi(^?:ili)si«V0t^#>^ro l»itft^i'
(idgry ta th^ Idetieei^ tnd iii «ff' tilt Iftl'b^ #hieii Hfii
of ^efxtnidnti ilrfifi:!! Wa^byt^^^ ihtktmtW
in one i^ge dl foti«ty|^brres^(» Mf %itl iflcMh^t^tl^
ADd tral^fk chef dveminentit^f ^ph»^;#kh'tlli^
gradual imf^ote^ettt of f<X»tiC)^,^^ will 10% ti^dljpi
of its ]^^ie&a^it^y,4«Bd' ^«#^ | bctoilie uttfii^td
''«^ U u (be
■m
H
and; tpuiiiipiii
u
to
r^#:2?%^ erf Ani«ri<^|r^
._%lilw|il, |ir««;h It CO ttM<|&rif
l^fWi idevi^ii onjit ai tint ^:oaiUitd«^ aiAil
fdNl hiii|^y« i!^^ ptdiM f<^ti> tad QQ|^io^ (rf
frQveii)<:o& of fodel^; m^kU i;|i«^t«^i«i.
Mtat, fl^ keeo gi^ >f^Ub t|i4 kaptt>V(U|ic|^t of f(|-
l^wiy ia -Amenc^. And «6 policy Y«f>uld <P(>w
pibre ]|M^eri[f or coeCM!i|ttible c^ tlie people of A-
TJherica^ thin an attoaipc to bin^ pofterfty to oor
Ibnns^ oi^to-jEOofiof them la our dcgreei of knonrt-
i^p aiid impt-oveinetit>^ The Aim » ah^etfaer the
-feV6i1e»,tonn|lie provifionfot %h€ fttpi^V(U\ improve-
' ihcnt and progr<rifiP& of the goveriiiatnt Ufelf.
*^^ • j%« this fund (^ govertinicR« it tot the fMiie ai tb^,
'irhitb h<is been called motiaithy, arl^ixracy^ or de-
ifalMriC7 {, as^ it litd a, coolpccuoia ottgiar m AtMrici,
•.»f*'
11 Ji
M#ff
• fN^ and fdve^elg^ |%.:,.|ij»^ l^ve nbM^tp
add t<>, liter, ttidHb, n. <lno(||e im y pa^ of the coi|.
craofypr
Wr*^-
N •
10 ifirnkmrnhisrAmmm
fbe iMf* aMiy4,bottfe<Wily.^f||»^wiii|M
iirtftiiillii«ifflifliidtria<i|i|i|^^
tlicrfeto % tlidf coQiMilt ^dMUpil 9i$ifJ%
«4^sB bithri»lNcli^iriiiiiift<rti||/<ii|0^j^
iMtbre life governor •fiAcOttodl ior c<kstr«c^fi«ft
mM oOBenmrooet or popofaU^of. amfudiaeiit i .vrki
fe«lirn'tl»! f«l|ie f9 »lit ftjfimM*^ with t^ifiv prvpofiili
of aifitiHkiicm<:(ifi«iiy4^ili .Wciiif itMiil ii tii»CinK
of f beig^ tinor mxd cciofleili tto fii(ii«ad ll^ oaiTing
a(f«<h bi]Is,«ntil tlM.«C9t fffl^ o^|titJ<4iaator«.
'^at ito |ie{ri|tiy« it liUoiicd to l|i« govenior and
\i. ThelbroMaiipl. dia cdiilUi^titii.wir9 aiiraM tbat
tb^. plMi9ff;Di|v«vDiiieiit«^hkli filNiy<M'4r|am up,
!ii|itii>llie'ftii$c Qi:4b»ft(i|4e^ibo«h|ilM09iif!4iflM«
ci»t,liiii^»ciA M6tffMf w^r^ withi^i^nii fktif
HI9f^C^||^'<ltil^^ ' iMi
Hjli'il'liii iMiMii^ wpN|4i'' f 'iwgi jteifiplwp^j^
<g<mmfii'iii yriMirlliiiii^' nfWittiMMM^i lilllii'toiiiliii'Siitiiidl
^aed t m what iiiiNMBimbtlitn|0llbHftiJi^^
.iticiniMi% d^Tll^lft^ inmjbm ^wt|i <pi|la<rtWi|ife'' 4ttti|^p
fitioo^ i%t!as cSMidllthMidMidrfiHttiiwAftsett^fiht^^^f^^
plexor iJtfi^i*4ofiiiiit«tya«4M% 11^ ..iUMttMl
iiffunai|mon(Qf fcgfemmttit UKrVtmital^ lli# fbrtii?<if
ie differed but little from th? democracy of iftfae io.
f9ii4tfif to gite M0» iiowcRr^4lM'l|Q«iiiB«f n^tfH
feQt«iiv0ik-«-4kMfjilf<u Ibmcbib^i c3^niaM| tiMttni^
fbim ifeiMi ippQMi&rav' Uke \(tlMi oflbe Bmarii «f mm*
(mi^ilpr^aiiotll i^e iMdilie |nocciidiDiiaNB<ri(bt ii
^ii4 ceittifi
^Ifclfep^^sk _ , .^_^ ^
cilttiniia Jaw of OieaikiCiiikVfeei6ft t0'W'adapt6don«
hm » fii^' Jjto»dy^"i^ctott>> aridP1fiill«rotti ftate
tilfQewtrv fl|itMi'#^^ one Jmotaiiftd fixty
oriintt are mtMifk^^ aoath. §aa|ttj||ary law«
Mfitatortioorl^fW^clreiiiade deal^ lb' common
ind ivwiiiar, fhit^tiyittil to havc^^oMii one of
tliofe Bommuft'^Wi^ij^TOei, which ii eoQftantly to be
cxpdded, antl tl'i^ltttlt regardl^ '^veral of
tlic>tM«iiiiaeiiftL|Bl^ llieir cruel-
If > are fallyiWariywMf thing thai mf^eVer been
perj»liraMlif#irlMlttmof Adl^Hieii fin bratal
rag^ ami inbaman tonan, the ptfhIlbniiNi aUGgned
la high toeafoii, foMf Mceecb anjr tlph^^|^ Indian
0emaac«iil4'«?er coiireiTe.«»SaaiVf|^ crimi-
• ■■ Mi irb
._ . i . '
'. r ■1'*'V' tirir^ l^fmn *•■• ^-^ •;
10 rsk'm
potindt. They way alfo bind mtm^^ltMt .^ _,
power to try. No judRtolntjrei^ifii^l bf ^l%iBfkt
of peace, mti^ tmtm by writ dTiil^^fiuf ap.
pc^« are »»^«jF^ne« coi^^^
cafen «rherertb« |iB|^m fq^^ debt m cUp>f|e«i thill
exceed the niiri of-for^ fliillings. ^''^' \0,^K
In each couAfy there J& a]roa^ouf^J^oq>i|r^; 6on<
fiftiog of thritje Jiidges^ Who are alfd: annually ap<
pointed by the a^ifebljr. The coatiey cotirts, with.
in their refpeOive (tsc^imties, are to tiAt cbgnizancc
of all crimimi'^iMs^of every eafnO and nature
(except fucb caftia iiia'i^ cogmzable only tn the (u-
preme courts or before a J u(t ice of the p^ace) and
awrard fenlence. But any peiTon proTccutcd for a
criminal otfcnc^^ may u^^peal frota th« juiSgmcnc d
\ a
'But ap<
iH^?} con-
ully ap-
rts, with,
ignizance
d nature
I the (ti-
acej and
cd for a
{mcnt: of
a
8^ tBB
^^m-'
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ol^e
Th»himtdi0,mn^Ddt that confined wfttd#
c€tliin1K0ite W' klitlff^, mal^ veiy nttch affiled'
by die fta^ Df liocielir^ The condition of the body-
/ . .^ .. »--, t%d»fficuU| with which
MF^««iitki|i|r« familf , the
^ntnt, the fpitit and r^gn.
I^bltn eni|Md^ aiid the
wai^the Itficdiiont of
and cnftoiftiof tjhe neo^
f eiy dfic^n#Wtl^ IHh^
a^iC«» at "^difllr^t; tiniei.
^ ^ ny^ ciOlibitte, and "oili^e
'i ijSd in fudi a manndt/thltthweeinoSt Te^-
rir iElfi«6U ; or determine hoir nrach ia to be
d iptthe \iw of nature and dimate, and what
reif from the ftate Of focietf ; Thti difficulty
aiMirti iH th^'^talSlea which have bee^ made of
^rth^ ^m,Mnd mitd^t. ; ^hr^ oflthti UM^
IhiiflHielimfide 1^^^^ Matop^
ftodlir ftritol placet III ^eriCa. Thief appeal to(
kvelfcen the reQilt^^f eccurate ohf(^>Hon» and
cali^latidrr. Btit the reTuhs at different j&lacei in
the fame latitude and climate, have been fo dtflf^rc'nt,'
that no general (kmclufidiflTdtn be'drawo from them;
^rpe£ling the hitural increafe of the human race :
They Inark what has taken place at a given time;
and pla6e; but they afford little infDrmation of
what is to be expe6ted^ from the general courfdi of
nature, in any particular coun|rv> ot climate.
By the late enumeration of tne inhabitants of thd
Utrited States of America, a perfcjd has been found
in the conrfe of human life, above, aild below which
the nu^dier of the males are neatly equal. This pet iol
istielHy at tneageof fixteenyeari. Canwen^tdem't
romeiaformaiion^frorAfo Remarkable f faSjre(]^e£lin^
the inci eafe apd population of the people of the
United States ? And may it not be determi|led what
X B. mull
ii
m
^ i
8?a TH» NATUJIAL kwn 0Vm
mail be the operation of imjMii^i tp. fisfiduce and
prefervo thii cqoriity #oiiirt>(|f% liAprJ ioi aj^ovf
'4>*lJtt, u»«t(eiii|i£ . to;tc«9iipiite;.AH»ott' i-^fMi'^fe*
iitppofe tbe^iibolt aw^l^f^igf ip^ tovl^ it^ Ifete
lUtea o^ AnwrMiiiMioiiail^ ta^fi|Mf|[|{ilitrfilM^^ i
om MI.'«9^«.lMil|*M»ki0^^^
the en4i>of,,l|i^^«JU1ivM^^^
number 'WI^>mi age^-^ifi lybfVf^i^^ifi^llif^i^
er thirty tiiwyAcw«itd.^'^»ri^ ti|MrpMh9r,
nature muft have {^o^ucdl rift 4lii%#Tti#e^<#a
equal numbes wfalofe age iiirill ^ bcljoiif. ibiH^^:
Tha: iini during thitpeciodi, of tht^tmf-^m^f^im^
two thou(and mud haveJietn^borikMi. fiift^fiityftiiie
then tliat hiui palled the )p«u?io4 of 4|itf ^ fWt>
nktura muU h«ve prodiacf^twor o(|wrifffiir^0Of^lMik*
Jance, or an equalitf in thenumh^ni heloir.aAll i#9Vie
f hftt age, cottla ooe be pr ^Der vfiji. A#d 4^ tr^i^
^Co be the exaft period of .doiabUag tiM wunkm^
; the. inhabitants.- 'T . '^i<^< ' ' i:l' 'i^oic
y' T^smuft be the operaliot* of iMl«lre» iCtihyeCitb.
.|e£l u^ whom the ealcuiatioii waa> «||Mte,had bfcm
iifvariahie, or fubje^ tontt dimiQMticn. S^i. this
is not the cafew Death ia €0nRant|f diminiihiBg the
imtnber of tbofc whofe age Is aboirft fixte«n, of tbofe
whole age ia below fixtceo t and it dtnioilhe> thsm
boih» in the iatne^ proponion. Thii cuiriotii fa^ i»
afcertained kfn a toorCc ofobfervMi^osi made in fev-
cial itowos i9.4bei«aftf«n parts of Ne«rbamp(hM^'
i^t /f««^/M ^an MCttratMaMe of; deaths, with^ the
j^e orcaeir.pe*roiilwtt«^bept by Chie miniUeraof the
pariflivfro»^^>« y««f« '^M^*> ^5^9** * Sii»||f, bills
were tiapt kt Mafikiiig/lcn^ horn Afi0l^ tjjit i At
Ncwm0kifi fi<^«« t/a* M t:r70 :* At Dawr, from
1767 10/1786 .♦ The tttfuU of jhj^§,ohC^«vatiQn»
« tidJbnsp'i HiA. of Nawb ti)|9i|KS» III* pt »z%^H^»
HISTORY o? VERMONT.
4ki
"it^ tihsA the wiidil imiiibar Wbtck dtedin tiior«!4d#i^«
iltn-ing thofe )r^8, war two rhoufaitd abd nhety
e^lfhr; OfiriMmi ^e trhQufkiid andtBftjr were ubdir
itteeik ;;^iitt W'ligfll^ itid iiiie ^o^raitd and forty
^he idh>«ri#t1tlff'te. lt| the* rerulr tiffo long a
d&rfe c#i^tfOr#iciSni^-lli»dcf ^^^^^^ Ibwns,
#e mkytiipM'Mki^'tM i^Tar^courft bf tiature,
o^'the hiti&irt^OMEN^^ of diB«tb, well arcettained«
Alad'thlfiWiii mliy fhivt eftabiidltid tfiUcariods
fb€l^'T|totVfeitb hit <ti eqii^l eflPea, 6tu conftant-
ly deftity^ml; iiqmal ntiniberft' of thtflfe wbofe »gt ic
aiiai9«, ifii: df Vboie whife age in; below fixtisen )rears.
#dicb i» cHrlDpchUion «nd effe£l of death: And
by 6Diiftat>e|jf'dtf)nfifiilkhi^ the numbers of mankind,
iiwill every^^wberc proioAgtbcr 'period of doubling,
btyond the mean period of human life. Bue to
what degree will it retard this events or to what
length of thhe will it protong the period of doub-
Un^ ? It wib prolong the period of doubling, esafl'
ly fo tiitft titfio« wbieb the deaths fball bear to the
births, in the fame period of time/ — Tbe'bills which
were kept in Ifowhtimpfbire; do not c6nMin an ac*
curate accotint of the birthit, butionlyof ehe bap.
tifmi i and th«rt«fot« wlH not ferve to difcc < what
proportivirfhe deaths bear ^otfic blrtbr, m Hu>re
toivnl. ftift from the bdia nf mbrtntftty, wliicll have
been lotptiir MafTachuretts, it h^s b^en found ihHC
the noMiber of deaths, are >innurall> n a conftatit.
iind (^cHed ratio to the number of fainbi: ' At Hin^»
him, tbeifedattd venerab1l»*Dr. <ffy, kept a very
exa€fc IHI <rf in the desifhs »rHf birthi in his pariflj,
for the (JMce of-ifty ftmr year* from 1746 to 1779,
induffv. Tbt tfii»tba sfaountH to one thotif&rfu
one huttdrei iiii thinvM, sbe btrtbe to two ihott«
fand two kondred ittd'foffy teven At Iffwicb, cbe
Rev. Dr. CuiUr, made imiUr ah^ervatior)^ far a
cotirfe of ten years, from S*?pt, 1 1 , >^/ 1 , to Sept.
i it ly^t. The auotbtr f^jmtm wre one buadtcd
M3d
1^ rI¥UWt^kAL i^PbWlL
•^dai^tty fdi". the s^btriif ttart||«li«e» kundred
^Htmr^km^F.ml^lm, Mi^mirtjBevaaiialiie
'tic^ Wl^^#i^ ft|rT«folr cif^^a^
'inl'riecl dH iHfllttiet 4iffie<«ttC flMMti. dwrlsg a. period
dr fiit^^ yiBiRi: > tins jMbft of tbf wbSt, n» that
the deaths were out choufaodfix hundf»d^an<i forty
oii^il4,||l& ^|j»i fii|)omil(e^ ,t9 fbree tboufand two
^iiuodred •no veiphtjr 1 thai U, ijie ^deatha were to the
^l^'rths ita the ratio cf oM totwo. ; T^ii is tl^vaiMiu-
«) aiMi^nftant profiortiaii of deajlk to birth, in the
-iBOciiRirt' tOMTos, aloi% the fta co(l„b Maflachufetti.
The locreafe of tl^e people theiefore derived frpm
the births, la «Dnu(ail|r diikMmihtd oqe 6a If by l^e
patur all operation of death^ Ana jnftcad of doubling
in fixtqen y^ars af inuft ha,ve beep the cafe bad no
^e di^d* th«^e6l!occa&poed by death, wi{l hii, to
prolong this period one half i inUfad oC (ixteeq years
the perfo4 it ddi^Ming ^iU becpnMi twenty foor.
;r his Will be^the peliod of doubliff in all thdfe pla-
hes, where tbe mean age of natmii lifeis dxteen year?,
^^attd the ratio of dea^h io birth m one tip t,wo^
*p frono this method of reafoninff»> I mvtca fiifpe^^
* tVut thvT age at which the luimbert of ' people are e-
qualhr divided, will in «¥ery country projYie to be
the time, which nature requires in that iclimate, to
produce doublf the aumber of. people that .are then
iivltig'; That the a£lual period of doubling, will in
fi^beietardcd'tn^eaud proportjpn to that,,,i^hich
dci|h» de«th|^hear.ta the btvtbi : A/yd. tjiat tbif rao.
^ Wi)l very n^rly d'etctnio^hMt inflv^emoe the (late
i' of focietf haa« on (he incr^f;? of matikin^ .lu ^ny
> coinitiy or town*
imnv
^^.Memotriof Atteriean Academy/ vft'/JTiit'cii.'*"* ""^
* '•, ,
,t-.'
Jacbufctti, Rho4^;
i)
i^ibw And
««•
was |n«fb^##iiRtliyb^«l| ^'^M^t^^t^,p
AmeriDiNiii tj^ §<>» im «||!i^ lif^iiflK s|p^^,«lM»f|J|i^ \ihe
Mar^Idmr, ". ''•' ti
StHillUrn StalMii*^ «
From tMi< vi«ir ^^ llMMnifiiit, if (hoold -feen* i^
the midd:«3°attd ^f)(ln hern ftates^ircre tbe moft fa-
vourable tO) Icnlget^fi^t and cfad '^r«ren'»^n cf Kfo?
And that the 4^£ii!lbettr flatei were the moft fcveufa-
ble tKi a ripiditjT t?f pircMhs€lM«i, and incrMfe. WheUi<^
er thefe etfCutnAandBt wHi 6ot balNiwee each otbfr»
and pvodtiee «m «qifati»y m ihe |iieriod Df doi»blilig
carnioi' be del;eiitlfnfiii t<itflK)ut fart^ r obfeiyatiQliSk
In MttjfaHtuJth^i^ht pwiidd of doubung oaitiiot bo
far from twenty foui' year* and 4hr ee monthti W^at
this period Is in the other ftates, mud be detennined
either from a£lual obfcrvation, or by afcertikimng
the ratio which the deaths bear to the births. If
tbe enumeration which is to be taken in the jtar
1,
»-*»
ij^ %ii N ATOiftAL AMD diVfl
<9i8«io, iiio#d be wttbfticubr #itii ifiliea la the fc.
mi^;^^ litflpNiti*^^^ & tN mUs, it
'^lM^ldi«cfsai*e#Wllli#lirililDl^^ '^-^
inniiithit^il^itiin tilt Jitwi4enletlieQM,iitto'»ittaiie%fl8
0mh ih»ij^i^tcfk^f(Hfm^^'^ Verfrtdni''k
nowr in the fituatioo, in which a neiir <i«Ritttrf ickii^
|(&,i>e examined^ -kWfc^Kift no; populideis toWnc,
^a^ts/^f |#i||s nij^^ to cottea the peo-
,p¥ 4ti&tW. Thky »retfpresd over the wht>Ie
'^untry^ forcing (ball ^ajud fi^i-ale 'I«ttietnent8.
Bu^f^jjr arepinqhedfor watit of ths ,|ie^ffarie^.iof
1t£e, ^^pQ^notliing lilj^ ^luci^ry lias yet taken pUtje
am^ng us. The government is highly democratic.
In religion ^he mol^ perfe^ freedptn afifl ^q^uality
mHp^W ,W9^ ^^ ,jrhc taxes' ,are oo
ihQrf tlMvi wliat are |iiiavoif4bIy i|e(iefl&ry» . t& pi^>
are eaFy to i^ prociueol, md thfl|,roiii t$ |!$ch and
ftinte.-^£V»y raniily knpytjntdfly \ibit wbel^ prod-
f^pf^ ^ tbeir labour. , ; f^M ulimate' ^« faliibckms and
J|iea|tby« And. tteithfr war, (icknerSyOr<lamine» have
^ Jjate^din^iaiibed the iticrear<^,f€ffdjftttrbed (he la-
fyyxffifffiie p<ni>plei.r-^I do> t»9t JUow that we can
.fnd any new cpuptr^^yia whicb^; every- ctrcnmllanQe
deema^fni^re f yourrblc t^^increate 3 Or any* in
4v^|c|[vMfe cna^. .ipr^ prot¥ib!v, expe^ Iq; 6tid the
mai^ifHi$m, whif ■* nature and iu»ciety caii produce in
iiic|^ a l^itude itod^UcnattrsrFjEoaMtbe enumeration
«»f tbe inbabttants ukeaia lygif we^ have the fblf-
tr-^q,
ib%'
•04! i
- - -V 1-
-
HISTORY or VESM^NT,
' VERUQNTf
Males. be-iM«Ic» %r
''•* -^
«!?*^
iboff
vein
«r-
*.'i.
DUIeraoc^
i«7:
M 0^ iAMbiM|H4Q^bl4B»tia.«atro of thdl^iMof ddMMIiik
From this takit it itppean tbsn the dejidn iRiV^tf
tnont, are to the births, ii» the porportioo of i |o
4,85 I of confcqilflficfr e^ period olmttiof IfttAis
iUte> at prefeiit) is nineteei^ years and five months.*
From fuch viewfr of the incfeafe arid population
in America, we can (carcely avoid comparing the
ftate of things in the United ^ates; with that of the
ancient and populous countries in Eu^pe. In the
city of London, if we may judge from the annual
bills of mortality, the human race are annually d<^-
creafing ; the deaths generally exceed the births^
about one tenth every year. The lavage ftate was
Icfs ttsfavourabie to theincreafe of tnankind, than
fuch large and '{!Wp^]ou9 cities : (nftead of preft^rv*
iDg, they tend to de^lfey the hmtnan race.
In mod of the atieienc and populous nations of
Europe^ their forms of government, their ecclefiaf-
tical
* Sineo wfhiitg the ftbvive I hsTo received from Or. Afaph
Fletcher, an accurate obleiver and able phyfician, an account
oF the births and deaths in the town of Cui/tiidi/b» In the
courfe of feven yean the number of biuhs in that town was
two hundred and len ; the number that died in the fame pe.
Tiod, was thirty. The ratio of deaths to that of births in that
towo, during this period, hai b««a but as one tofeveo.
"t *>'■
3^r ^'^wm^^'t^v%9^^
tical eftabHI^inetlts, tl^e riKtretne luxury of one part
dp tHc people, ah4 ithitxtrtme poverty of the other*
their Imij and bloody wrars, tlieir numerous fleets
aiid armiu. i^e npmbeii firbich ;are re^^^ to fer-
vitude, an4/c<idcirei ioi:a^b)^ of'^luppbrting fami-
lies, With cHe ImplotiB inftitutions of ciHibacy, have
nearty i^C^rbj^d thd^^at^ral increafe of mankiiid t
br at te^it ^ey bave reti^fed it extremely flowr,
l^^i^^mtm they ait not fut^oledldjpu^e
ip left th4p( Jive bntidrea jrears.***— *In i^ai|i ^ poU
itl^^g9i^^')tf>^c^ pf a, Itate.
of fotiety. iirm^b deftrojra the'nableft friiit and pro-
ds^fl^ cTWatttre : It muft be eFentially, and fun-
dame&tally bad. The' fiifftft ^rOt>f of the profperity
of miij^coitiltry, is a sapid increafe ojQJje people.
♦ V *■ V * r"'
,1. . ...
r
«<
^¥v
/»>-f^
fi >.
3;-
t ♦
.«'
j£i&'^^rifMi«>.^ »^«^f*<»*
' !(
.v«**
•if,?' , ' '
C U A p.
,**
»
^li .^noi-ifrnja -•'i:%M' .^B-n- 'ihfoid M\&.^t;iol 'ti^^
T
_ H E emplot iiient«» f ii(^^e|rpmeiif i
the religion, the cttihy^is; btli^ ^^lb«»k1^]i^^^^
tion of the peot>le, conftitute their fU^f of A^clerf . .^ inr
the ilate of fociety which had taken place in Am^ric*,
the foundationi of hfji? freedom were laid, Ioif|^f6r#
the natlbns of Europe had any fufpicion of whai^
was taking place in the minds of nieo.-^Conque%
religion, law, cuftoro, habits, and manners^ coofirm'<|
ed by military power, had eftabliflied a (late of ^foci-
ety in Europe, in which the rights of men were ob«
literated and excluded. The property and power
of a nation bad pafled into the hands of the fovcr*
e%o, nobility and church. The body of the people
were without property, or any chance or prorpe€t
of fccuring any ; and without edttcation or knowU
edge to form theili. to any rational principles anil
fentiments. Without property and without princi*
pie, they were of little or no coniequence, in thi
view ofg«rernment. ' When the contefi was wheth-
er the king or the Ctmnnens (hould gain more pow-
er, the meaning was not at all whether the body of
the people fltould be raifed out of their degradt^'
*^ ' ^ *" *
» •* ♦ ^' '^
«(t4ft
" fj
370 THs NATURAL ahI C1V1|u
ftate of ignorance, poverty, and inlignificai.ce ; buK
whether that part of the nation, which had acquired
much wealth and firoperty, thbuld ha^^e more tn-
fluence in •the affairs of governiiitnt, ^.Thc bo^y
of the peoplei?crc efteemed as Mere nl6h, wholly
inadequate and unfit for the affairs or government.
The king/l6rd3;ard commons, were agreed in view-
ing the mafs of t'hc people in this light. And as
they had neitherpropetty, prinpiple, or knowledge,
it is prob»h)e that th^ opiniop Which their rulers
focmed of theniy was? bat fbo juft. f
Such had been the ftateof fociety in Europe^ for
many ccnturiej. Time, law, religion, and power,
had combined with every other circumftance, to de-
grade the people ; and to reduce lite body 9^ them
to the lowefl (|,4te of abafeTftent,'ari«! contempt. — In
s^vftafe of fociety, in whith tvtxy thing had fo long,
deviated from the defign and law qf nature, it cuuld
not be, tntt thatrthe rights of men (hould be loft ;
andthe idesi oflliemhadneaiiv perifhed. Nothing
was to bf: feen biiit one general^ degradation of the
body of the peo^e, ^nd an unnatural and ^celBve
e^sakai^nn ^\ thofe who had acquired pbwer 1 every
where t^fiding to corrupt both, and to^glvc the moft
tinfavt^urablc idea of the capacity of the former, and
of the ai^po^lioo of the'latter. * It required the dar- .
i«g fpirrtof Mijton and Sydnev, and the abilities of
Lockclind l»4ontefquieii, to diicever the rights 6f
men, when kieit themfelves for many centuries, had
madts the ftate of fociety wholly o|}pofite apd con-
trary ro the ftate bf nature. The philofopher l|jad
tOi deyti€e them fi^m the'cr(ratipd,atid nature.. Ori
raati, Itt this inquiry, the ptdgi^fs,^ like difcoverips .
inotber feiences, was extremely flow an^ P'recariqiiW ^■
Intsreft aiid reputation #er« aigainft t^^ieprf^grefs of
thisskind of kntowlcdge. ; The law,4$'e chareb^.Md
the governnfent, were not ^nly oppofed to 4*» ?;^f;0
they punilhcd the dilcovidrers and wnters, by whiJR-.
../■;*^, -^.^ ... )H$#_^<«m«^ \i -<- -^^ ■^tffrigr
'JPi
■p
*
iVi
^ It
^.
n*,:.
rniftikto. VERMONT "■•/ tji -
^ ^ i'mprirohrii^nts, heavy fine«, «nQ dfiath* Nont
Wt^cgreateft and moft virtuotif., pf^jiuji^ avow
eUhc^ atSlf ^o inveftijgat^. or «fO«lii ^arc to afl«rt
wRMbetoi^^edto ilie nat^^^
^i^^ved from the nature qF (pcietyv ..h» o.,ir,.ii^i'
in AT^erlca^ every thii^jjad. aff^ffjedavJiflSerfj^^
tetidenqy and , pperaiion firft fettleir^ ^ tbfi
colonies^ lj|q fuffered fev€;rely iindcr t! bigotry #n4
intolerance of fcc^jcGaftfcal pdwer the da^s- of
Eitzkbet'6, ^ames/and Charles ^e Xh^y had
not at fir ft, anv more knowledge qf the . of huflBan
natu'r(B than th^iir iieigF^bours, and they were a^nfiM
from the fpirit of candour arid toleration., Bu(
wh^n they were '^ipxpofed to fevere f^(Fer^|lgJ on ac^ ,
count 6f their reunion, thjSy wer? pl|CiCd i^.« fifua^
tion, in i^hich ihtn fitfiUn^s would perron for t^m§
what tlieir reafpn had not acquired, ti^AientlQX)G<ii»
to effc£i. Tnisy felt, and of v coucfe faWt^lllAt^^^^t^
was no reafo'n or righ||pufi)eiOi in il^^puiiilHnEi^eiils
• which were p^Qt^ed upon them* Qtt f^ccOunt<|{^C theit
religidn« |h fu^ a munition, truth |^jC^rre#^ theiit
every bonient ;° %d their {ituatioo and«,(i|lifitiring%
^ cflFe6[ua!ly tauj^t ti)|!^ni^ what w.ere,the r^hMi^ m^f^M
'THify could at once "difcern and ^qderftaod ,tho>
voice of nature, which J^ad ap e(Fe^ upo^jho^iA
*power^^'and pi^ohably would h^ye ha^ "idre up0Hi
f them^'had they bee^ in the ^ajf^e^ (l^^te.-^Wwii*^
'Vkws^'t^ey c,ame.*into Atnenca. Situation and^pn^
. pU^metit in nie<ili^l:cly operate^ to enlarge ^od coii<-,
^ hrm ihs! (entimenti whicK their r^eriogahsid fi«ft«
; pr(iduce^>" ' The .Mriidernefa .was. fo be cl^iretd *upi
#haBitatibp8, <weffi tolbq bajli;^ the,niean$ of UviQg weire^
to'vbe procured : TMfc dj^cupationji, weris ^ nece^i*
^ry, that they iiecame vh^yqidablc ; a^d ?Yftry ro**'
^hb
in
ftieii
itif art td^ei-ilh, was oblig^ taj5iifagd4
'Tjif fi miiaf itj^ of (ituation , and e^ ploy #
f menL ^^dduced a j^Q^ilahty of (ta^e and, qpnaition^^
at tii^'tiMe^unWdtiraio the reft of the world: The'
eaPeas
•tJV
-'^
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
1.0
1.1
UilM 125
u^ Ui^ 122
S[ ua 12.0
u
M
l|!^iJ4lilJ4
^
6"
^
FliotDgraphic
Sciences
Corporalion
33 WIST MAIN tTMIT
WIUTIR.N.Y. I4SM
(7U)l7a-4»OI
o^
4
... '^
*fe.
prtktnd, theinffelVes. the ikU!^ imi of tnjebni^*
%tftf thct^fite it i«i^&iii4 liiiie iM'tli^^^liciipl&n add
iiftuilltdiit IKkptoihK^imintt nb^^f^'l^ ^ ^xm-
To U fiSt^mm Mllftf ibtMi,ii94ii(B9|^^
>#iMf| ttltiiip^chief^fiil^cott^ lie"
^iniie to th«i|wl d«tioiedNlodi(^i¥dli^
^fttyfltf. NocMiigW Mfor tIMtii Wlo pQi^ tH^
m$ anii eour(^4»Fmtiif«i«riii6hwM lliilt oC tK^ity
iHd fiVbij^i And tliii o^ proJicoffoai^ luat
fi^l^lt;i^idrfitu|^tioo;fkHif, t>^iviltfg|i^ a«d f^am.
^lknr#ft&t^«dr fiikict)^ r ^od aociHtli^itt^ 4^f^-
MpailMl Ktlietfer«n«e of^^royal iiatlidrijf Jiir^tT^ tbu%
'Mi^rtft^d to 0|i^^^ thut^jiNM^ ef^^depinideot
'>«^t#lF»ind^MM«iip the Atiwrian wMi^«e#miMQ
- tM'i^ll^^inm, tbt ttoiniiio»lliriliff te Hmffka ^
^ i(&j^^^ co^i# llave df ilMrfkbfi^ ^li« oise was
*^ lfl'4 fittilKidn/Tlil^fft'^Mi^ilftiMM^^ diaiiltit, flid<d«- ^
«Vi«liMt Wt dtliieirwat m i fitttAiiii^lt«f« «v(^
«^ tIjiWff (il^^e{«r^ had diviaied frtpiii nacttic » #«d%iih
%#%lH^r aii#aad)ri ih^ fvft pHbdiiK mft
^^ Mhliid'fi'tfltifeliediyalidfefl^^^ 'Qfti^iBg
ibm pi/iMpkfifmi^tht fMte brMt^ pi Aiiien«a»
- J?jiNf^ A^htPlHim ViplM Aitie^i«iiApoUtlcA| «iet
filBdi^ OMy dil ipi |(ifo»#uMtr
turn hmmkMtimflt^^^^^^^
ibflir hi^ learned of thein« in a i^enr cfntr ui^'M^-
fl?[ ' ^^ ing
41
L ^ meiifvii|iN|i9iift» Ml hid M^fsnrhiif oimlbi^pQgwiSI
t th^jJite iiitfo»wttir\ pii#nti tontwtwl .itfpiftigr
^Mjii j»i^tii<ii^t»A i<o«yi0t>f ItfcMifliimitf -mSm-
#
f*
-1
i»'
tv«i*.
M-
i.y
.%'
^
A.
|£«c49'n of.Ainericii wUl prov^fttificieafr'tb fti^^ »
C9ufi^ |tom ifiif ti«e it Arffel { 9itA%)X ^tfaDi|^tiiu^^^
««|iajiil^«viti;«jito a9te jmcloottdittoaof >tiii|<^^^
T^Miloriii qf. gQiieh»meiit^bv which th« ^^(l1:^ti<^>hti^C
sieft if to J^ d(M»c^ ft bilbor rightt^^i^iafett^lti ' tH^
j^^^pMi^ of Ihe piOfAtt, ft coiift^itllotf 10 dit^^
rej&roin (aeaegUUmi^, a imde of% la#j^td|^idt^|^a
dire^ the executive authorlCf^ fti^iiiaHift^bf^ i%
iapportaoce to any people j and are ' jdftly eft^A|«i^
eqioogtbe wiC«ft produ6lioi», of anefeilt'^rrittdde^^
rtines. ButAO peo^e oudii M> eifie^ IM "^ny-
Mi'itlf ;^^t»v i^llum Witt; aviil^ lMttr#,' ov ti^^ pe¥^
PfttH^te-tlietr lii»ettiefl^ Suoli tbingi «r«r lUMifeffi^'i^
cfvn<^ dKe«£liiire8 { the evidenced^ not ' tli %H^t^
^%|^iiMli« «Hh« people, ThefderiiNftfl^iriEtdt^'
authority and force, from thepuMie fetttiitidtiri'ltod^
aij^jOf , nqilurtjier avail to (ccure thift libeyii«bdf^Mtlie'4
pc«^M»4Mn^ ^^r^»^«o «»prt%i«i«f^
tqmrer^iyi^^i puhlic^iiiioiu^ Hi#<»tlif^^litiri^ Attd
chai^a^ aiiy bill of lighl^ anf OQB(Hit^oii^#«fe¥«|'
of g^f rpj|ien%4fi4 W, «Miy ttS^f ^tH^^tt W
ci)i^nged,^r he «iftde 6f mone effe€k/) l^c^ It^ t^'
nejr^r, (^ 4ange»Qttt lor^llie |(oireniiiitiif ^ 4aij^0*Y^
pl^ toifijikei ftoyalfcrationl o»iohli|i|^^'whitli >the :
pu^ic opHiioo will either aQowi jttti^i 6tf ftife^rr. '^
Nor pugjbf^liy .peapleto cxpea, thie flidir le^OI-'^
toill QrtgPMfTVi9ll« willibii able to pi«f« IKdr lib'' -^
crli^, ^ f Aon^peiiiidofttme. A^y^^ titmh^ ,.
whgl^iQi^o^ |he fwwetff and ipfoto of puMicriNnpfejr*^' (>
" tnenff^^ifl. HnaiKoidably» wifliilo Uttt fhdfe ptbfit^*^ ^
an4>.|K>wersi^iiicraftfedi T^ difioaUiM thtty^Mll '^
me$^,i^th; tn.UieneitocutioB of cVeir^oAeek mFtHi^^* ^
TcaipitMibleeoppofition that Will be mtO^bf tl0(^W^
iktkmitii^ ni Mi^iiiei^rores, tad tM ^tiftHiiil'MI^'^
-4 <* tempti
t»-
%
'"<'^.
.^.^J(ii,4s if^ fticcciMl tbcm; ibch ifaioga^ joined!'
f |f)i a n§liftf«lfl|iif>fi nFpowiir an4 |Mro% ^ c % f^f
^ ta«^?¥ice M^ qnti in pul]^ cnt^to^tif r, tbat It
i»m9«!«?^ in !tb4iii. White tbty^ti^ttiOWlib'im
aini t%lM|^4«f(B|ai^ idaf#r#ngctif li^ lii^ tMMi polffc
er(^ Jindeiiriolumtiitr, tbofe po#tit tfadi^i^tiM^tl
w4|lb«calM the powers and tht digttiftyiOf gorctto-
0^11^4;, .Itmaabt^libtei wKp^rmeii^ii^iitiiiE
, t^ bfapvi for. wiOaog^d atming •! llMt^iwbicti tb^i^
%|^o««aQ4^liipIoy,meft^QaMAfa)b^liail H>;^ T^^
e|<^ feftqaa ^^\im^asi^z%W \l^^ ,
l^^^^P^'!^^*'" i»«»^* wvwwiei, and intiiieiiw.
N^nPci^W jWiibt to cz^a diAt tl^^i^ wmii^#ia
di^r«l^i I midf pen , atnong /4heiii 0m^tt « i^en l^ilf
' ce^fft^^^e o^DyOf become a more fnireM^c^rfe^
#or^er #f blin^, beeaiiri? tbey beveftbo bcm S^
g9^m9ri|i|ieii|^^^|f»ini»iMed iio tbem. ,
, *-WP9i> «Mibei» can the people Repaid, for th^
"Wortaii4 preservation of tbear rigbti andft^dbib ?
A ^W ?^ >^>«|« <>» PwcaMtioni under leaf Iblbi^
"» th^Pll^Mreer , iWbt &iriliof M^ I* i^ liyjogpriidi^
«^ pl% ^h Hiwi-JH Jb^ ;inind«, piiiMplel^i mSL UH^
^
^^*
%
#
mfi^i of the pecn^. i It li«ct in tbeb induiirk i{k^
tue,fa4 i^blie lenttnent ryQrfathcr iiii m;^^
prc(ierve4 endlMsplaltucbjr^beftatoolfoeiety. tf ^
ft^ho^ ifOf the people %11 lofe their property,
^f »lw>wledge,, and tbwp virtue, their igreateft and
^2?*/tJ«^*^«^t¥^^ i»»« Joa el ll^ faine^time:
^. ri^d: .With the corruption of ^tfae pnbtif (^mE^
^^^^^-^ -^ — * of iSitdftiSk^tiJl laffe »Sl*
h '^
m
. yv^^'^'^P' "Their gqyeillmenCffciMilnitffedKty^
'u**JW*.*^^^»*' And^wbek tbiJ oioplc h^t T^
*t ■ W A "* J ^^^ .
%»
"f^.
^
.:Ull'
.n
^ ^ TUB KUTUItAL AMI^
kcS of liii^iFlMRin^ thtSr
t
l.tAi.kM:ii ■^'»'>^ ft^-S^^.. y.A, ;«.a'f -HI*:! . i-Mtfitiim'tiiiititi I ^''^JSi' 1 m'l i
^, J* f. hm^H i^fwt tOMi^k ik m^WH^^^'Smt^
..H'
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j^'jfemitfmfmMtd
'iiln:
**i 1
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m^t
m
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ytt
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jm
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,^v
tBtl
b wh^i
SflST^
PA^
Mini to Ik* M|t of tfct eartl^ dr fitily pihhJM mm mmm
tilt wtft of iImk atim, f ton that tUb* IHi v«rMtiiia4tfia W
. -bt •Me/vfi> aad bcdiiii noiv m4 aMPilia«fa* f «r'tM k||| *^
, >nt«fv aiii n bftl^ fli«tli«i|iiltclaii 1^« jbfdf ic i ^itrnm
))•»( of chttr bailQtfs ta*obf«rvc. it, to aieYtitl farti ^tbf
carih {'with tht tfiiMito/ altf rlilon^, tlMt «r« ItoHaftUy lakiat
n, Movartd-tUt Pm mafiaiia aaadla lU a ^inu/, at f «l
.'2- a ^ .^''^ . a
don
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fBi|Ni<v| atBd amii^l
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^^h
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<Mmtfriai}ywn9 v!i°T Mfr"' ^<*rf !r^ 'li0TOP.*^r*t^^
v^w u
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t
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Stiff., «»
v%K
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»'*;#.«■» 8 ;t'£
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f-j.vrx»,iap)Bi»'##
'liliiiiil liiif I
8 £*!..,# all
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ef -^{^--Tt
ith
ifk
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\a^ t^l^:'}'t^}f^J^'^'^:.
* ^-'')ft»-AQlialif%ii^*lfiiv«
r«(k^
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^^:.iv«iMii*ii»A' ; ^
riiiihtiiyf illiiiiriiiiwrri fh
'WMrJ
t<|i
;«l^/
?Si
.m
■nmi
*v
te.
of
iifi«< IP whjclr tht
'■ -••" 'ere-
lir th« Und Of Pa/;^ : Thit four eentoriei Uforl, It 0 the
WitfliK N #lfll i( ftowe, U4^«^ |l>f ftw of the deep to bf
frojjett ;
*■'
until S( Bat tUlliow lftD|k««% tpTi^ 'me l^i no^Jf oir «y(. '
tIne»Mtt
*t^^#*-
'«. . [ yii j|yi»f .■ tMr*f fill MWJKiMit • 0 |Jm| _ .
' ft^i^^Ki' i fliiiiin JiJiWii iii> iiililiAhiiiiiirfitlilKII'liii .
III jM^iyjf Mill 'i4tir1if^i|t*i^^ i*
flafe8ji»6i<'l»li»#ii«<toc<liMiii^^ ■ '.
„, (diWtffliirirfitf Uli ilA<ililil»'iii'if;^lt^it ^
m'W'WRiti^
.»jt'
iH^iMi
„ . ^u
._ lllil^liiMM^gttitif^iBi^c
i^«i|i|i^i
kte/
fll#lel^MMt
til
■,u.m^j^^#.;«M4r;«,^
thrii^'Mlt:^
lilMi<liDiit <
^ ^4ff- ...
irfpbiiiitlie^ter
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. Jf^M
d: iiW^'? f
t^i^sr^ ^r^i^^iite'^f^^
si-
l.f TheiMin of thrfe, 3»»^i^ J«|n««X#
1 BffbMi, 8pc..Mc^.13Bp«,a!^ * *
^ ■ * A' p ' r ^ • E>^ N'^ m i^: xiv .
il(giibili*^^f9^^(M^ fai >«|w iMtt^ off
Jiumryi irak foMmi 4^ to if^i ^hafe «0 r«lMiir^«w
•«o,3t^ At mfeiifrurf, latkaie ivp^9^ aoreb, fmn the
y«ir 176ft l#t]f>y^tli« oMav JuMiii \}aati«r]rj'W«»^ii|0^t in
mn»>y.' «Im »ttiMi Iraat win| t0f|i|(« TIm aun of theTe
a4^8 in JftiniM9>«i*d ilMt»Feb#ilanr i* the ^)ittp«rftt<tr« off
citeUM itf .«Md| An MM«tri «ib«iv^i«»?4^ I*' ^^
t^rtmComwjiftkMicli pf^M^>i|y M'JOffnnSv Otat thla wMtto
W wyirmrayil %» C^i wwi .WhiMt i| t|i» ditft^ ^Mtf^, i9f
ofnniriM Mpv Ifino^ tli«j4i»CP«ifll W cUaiate m Gormtny
%H at t1i»AlM,MdHkl^^vall.^/itMit^: Tk^^ ^tl
Uiiky«^ «flMo«t oft«6|ifitry.,tV «H««I« |» nf^ Mc^i^« 16 Of
«▼ ^1^ mummth9» it pM at ctateifEi^ ag^ llie conti-
dtgnw of «oM^ if ;«M «oiaor9lo|ic^ tlttUttMi^n^ Which
hava been oMJe ■t^'Wiilimiflwtg, C'ati^lfrfdge. Quebec, and
UiKifqfi'* 9iiy. to Aioerkaj^lMc^'iiiMreti with thofe which have
been MO -U Alfi«x«» Romi| *f^i^(trt| and Solyflumflci.
p\^m whofelplMta^se titit\y •{ml if it wiH be found
ihM ihe''£aiopaiMl fO«iii|i>tt it now ia'ilegiMea wamar than
that «f Ammi^ Muhnn^uiriei atU fpecutationi Have beei^
)»rop^i«d to aBewmt mrTK^» ektreine ««4a of AA^iea. From
thcaoeoimt&wMBliiMWbcGii meiUionc4. it appeafa that if
or tS iceoiMtiaf agOk^tliA a5btineo( Ol Eiir<ope uitt«id of being
* KifVMkn*t tihnttt.
IM. H.I
t A»Ri<wlal. 3<i'-f»'| 7»
P<H*
M. H.
«ra
Kuiii*
41'-' M'l 59° I'lSot} flcaiiilki
I M. H
ki 59* ' 3*' J
8
AflP^ PEN I^ I#X4 3|^
e^ |)is<^ thin whH* ^W jMh^,pl»Qp on fli«^ cQiitineiit ^ iiiff
mM«iq4 new — — -•— L . ^«. ^ . , « .ii^. ,i* .. . « .
terwiU n<^
to «ec6iirit «9r thoft €lkai|i|C^ ? for wl|itt«r«r J^ IfiOe iftS^
b9»i tjM ria fcentto b« c«itaio» th« liMro||4l 1^ mn el t^
eirtli# of iirhiok we bi^ve iwy wx^tti a^dunnli, Kif lie^ |h<*.|
ciMfiog fffon the ^rli«ft ai^
i'A *
a:
<Am.
Dt^ lit
If
V-
"i
i
V^ME Qf tlie norft i^arioui j^e^maiia:
1/ thit i$<idoVlg» tb Hiet naturil li<ft«ry«
ritii %^liich h« it i^arkell. J^«i»y ofejber
^ i//4Mir #/ifMNrf/M. ' Ca^». Vilt. p. tjy;
O0&OOKI or fi^lN.
of man, tathe c«W wit!
which i|ire 1|6h«|<|ii; »pp0Wi t^ he of foffe jiAYtli^air' eulour.-
In fniinala.thed cplours are ettremelyvirSotit^ .different, uni
beautiful ; M (bmetfm«i thtf;f apttciir to be i^t«riab)e. Man,
lii(e Qlher anin^als, is 4ifttnguinied both by • peculiarity, and
by, • variety 6f colour. In Baimep he appearf white: In
Africa,, he i« black : In Aine(ricir| ms colour ^cfcfd : In Afiv,
a variety of colours are to 'be' fotnt^ union thcf huieah countet>^
naiiee, There areoth^i^ fhsdei ami tinftui'es to be found fai
each quarter of the globe, befidea ^oTo tnentiomed above :
But thofe that hive been nienftoited «rethe moft gener^ and*
prevMlent cotourl, unde^ which ntn appeal^, hi tho four gen-
eral divifi^ of the globe.
Varii^tv or CoLotrai.-i^The moft' di(lin|aiftiing, per-
manent, and general colours of the humain fpeciea, and whtck'
are at the greeted extremes from 'i^aCh otW| are Mack amff
while. Between thefe, or rather as dirflFerient d'egrtfitSLand va<'
ristiooi of them, are all the orher cotetufi of (he bu«la«n roun-
(enance : And they may be reduced to fwanhy, re^, copper^
and hrown.'^SlacA is the colour of the AfHcanS under the
equator i of the inliabitants of NCw^inea, and' tfeWholland.
Afivartly colour includes the MoOrt in tbe Dorrhern parts of
Atrrca, and the Hottentots in the Toulhern pans of it. RtJ
diftinguiihes the Indians of Northamerica. TJie fame, or
perhaps more accurately a copfer fo/.ur denotes the cuioplexioii
^J"thc Iat.'i^ s of Af>«. Bicn'.t CuiKpteher.dii ilic Tait^r*, Ifci .
A a 4 .; "^. r*" iidtii,
/
■A..*
' »i
m
A:.^'"]5 E- N >. I.%
iif^t, Arab*, ^r)c«n» An thjj coail^ thei\fledUerra|f)eant^§nd
tHeChinefe. 7h« ioliabitantt of |b«,^»ii4i Jn t|i9 PacifiG;
^€fa% tre al]^ chiefly of thU colour.: UnAsr t1h^i> cbtoyr ii
ci>mpi^h0iMled^ljthofe*dif¥er«nt tti,a4ct,k>yn<cb. jtrc d^QQted
by «il»ve, f hefiwti, and deep y^lIo;wt A le(| darV J^qtdur, 6r
tnou*i0t Will ^ft «Kpi«£K4bo'coin«««tra of, tK< >a|i9bitatits
i»the fo^)h^r|l pprt« of £u;0P«,; She .S^tpiU^M^f ^ ^ymniana,
Spabiarda, Ifurks ;..|ii}d alfoj^ Sainoj^d^f,, i|nd%apjand^^^
W^it*ii» thjii colour, of mpft.of the , l^urdpefn iiatibiii ; at
6wede«, jlttlfifnat JDaiieSfJBngliJlh, Germans, f oTes^ i&c. Kk>
bardiniki,. and Geor^aiif. . it U obfervab)e tha^al^ thefe col-
euM are. inc^iuied' between |he two exttemes j or r»|t><i> tfity
9re diflPerent degreea or variationa of black and wbite.. '
Changs or Coi'ouji. A cb%n|e of colour is always pro-
duced by the mariiage or mixture of perfon»of diiTerent com*
plexionti. Ithiil the p^spring of the Eyropean and the negro, is
of a yellow comn|4j(ion } ld|» whit4k than the Eiiropcanj and
kfs bUtcli th^n the. negro^ ; or rather of a dark cream colour.
This race are nUme^iua in,fome,,parta of America, and arer
called MulatfHs. fhe offspring of ao European and an Indian
l«alfo<if a cream colour ;and.,mor« flight than the mulaitoe.
Thefe are called among the Spaniardf Af^ij^fw. The effcCb
Hnd opeii;«tion of this change of the original cofourt^ in the
climate of America, is always in fayour^of the fairer com-
plexion' } and never approathes towaida^ or endsin the dar'Kcr
i^oiour.— This ohange and Vilte ration of colour^ when ii is left
,»0(ita natural t^ndeofy and efTefl, is extremelyjlow and mod-
erate in Its operation ( and it is not until al^er^ |n»ny ycjirs^
tlfiat the full«^ell ispioduoedt In the Spanifh IftUements,
^^this mixed race has fo multiplied* as to form a confideraMe
part of the inhabitants : And the leveral (lag^s of variation in
tJtts race, with the gradual fUeration of (hacte until it encis in
the European complexion »,,haye been well afcertained, and
»re now perfe£ily well ,undcirftoud» Thofebf the firll genc-
lation are confidered, and treated as negroes or Indians. In
Uie third generation tne Iftdiai) colour difappears* It i» not
\ vniil tho.^fth defeentthat the deeper htacV of the negro ie
V. i(>ft* At the end-of thefe ^ (ferent periods, the offspring can
«f,no longer be diftingui^ed,fiom;tbo£ui'opean ; bdlisconfid-
M;«r«d as iuch« arul entitled to .al) th^ir privileges.*—- In thit
V iphange of cblguft produced by the moft powerful of alt nat-
■ r^vral caulciP, the mixture of peifur^^f different complexion.* ;
pfo gradual and Aow is the ou||r«j^ipi^^that thp black mufl bo
fubje6lto Bvedivifioni, ano the operation ntuft be continued
y; .through five gcnerationii before th6 colour is completely.
} «han§ad.
Se kt
* Voysgr (It Vlloa, I. ty* RobertTon'i Hifl, Amcr. II. 3^9<
, = >
■ ■»;4fl'
A P P E N tl 1^ :^ If^
ftntr Vjfliillatfti^ t^legumitar. ana 1 vi^hl^ t n iemd^^of kit «oi;
li
ih#m&rane. Ii^ whites (Hil Tettt of the ^Idttf is trAfiBfti^ik#»
andeitYi^r ^»ully dejpdvtid (if viflblft, ordnfy fut^iChed nith
a very few ; as the yetldW colour «|ipearili|^ Wj«uii4i<i^
jnies on the cailfe of the clifeafe bern^ realoved,- whrich ft not
thi cafe with ftains fi^ni |uni»dW(rer;^br IHnilar cavtci*-^
Hence, he obferyes, three caurel Irna^ be very ireadftly tM^rtti^
whieK win o^oriite to deAroy the pelueidiff of the (kin, ano-
-iyp it a i>i:owri/colbu'r, and lender it thicker. Thefo are ttie
lealof tUe fun,^theaeec^ k)f air, ahd naftiner*; ' A^4Pin g»n-.
^rat My thtni that'op^raiea to (>roduie* or tb deftroy the
paliicidity of me ikini witi t^il to yelfy aUd/fchtoge th«%dt>
^r of the human body. " • " ** • * -j .1^ >
Colour connected with CLik/Crir.-'i^'Anioili^ the
caufet which ttiay aff(& the colour of the'htimiiH'body, it has
been gehf calty fu^i^dred that the inflaeerce df hest or tiimate,
hasVconftderable eff^. Concerning *^rs itifluence br con-
nexion between colour and climate; the folfowing obfcrva-
tibnt may be made. '
1. 0iftereot colours are 1)ell ftiitdd to diffictrent climaiMs.
<tn an the plants and animals Which *re fprea'd ovbr the face
of the eanh^ there is'fomething hy which they ire peculiarly
fitte<l to the tlimate and country, in which ih<Mr are placed.
One kind of vegetable requires a greiit degree of heat : 'A'n-
pther fl^rifhes the beft in' a temperans and eold ct>untry. Ic
is the fame with animals. 'Some are fitted for the heat of the
tortid tpne. Others require th^t fevere eold df the frigid
cone, to give them their greateft perfedion. T6 alt thefe- an-
imals, nature has jiiven the proper clothing i which admits
of no other variatioii'lhan what the fekrorts of the year raw
quire.— Man is an animal inada for every clieMte t Infiead
pf being foirmed for the torrid or frigid^ sotiay he ein live,
multiply, and arrive to hii ptoper pemftionj in any climate:
And It is left to his own Milim and induftry to provide him-
felf with fuch clothing, as his condition may require^ in ev-
ery climate through which he may pafi { or in which he may
<ro^oura. And yet there is fomething in different met^ which'
qualijBes
* PvAor Hantsr.
Ill
hi F r W N D I Xii
qptliicf tsd Im tlieaUipr Mf cti«ui«c^ .btutr thai Air tActbef! >
•nd t|i*t 1*1 Cftlour.>^TJip nan whofa coleor m ^lack^ it: batftar
fiiltad«»4lif ffaatfM liaat of the hotceft cKnutt* thai Anfc^licr
tf cli!*lM|i»lMi.raic».. TJtia ha« btta J<Hlg kiuMiii'«ii44M«rwd in
t^ciimatea ol'Aaien^s. T)» nty««a •! i|if We^bdU tflaadj,
M th*6panMk^9a^Ba0M» MtfUtt Uicia:«|of 6«oa|ia»«MlSflut^.
«Mi6liiii, %t*ienkiMihm (b«v»f«»ft:MatM :tMtr#anae«fca;-
far ftlw» tha^wttM pMfla* Ot iha «on4rtr|».tbeio^r««i in the
aoiil^ra iiilcMifMAaiifrica a^ aaore teikder than ite j»]iito peo-
pltj^ Jiafr abla ip JaMr^nt ft? erity Qf oar wiittwra, vid.'jnote apt
tocoaaplMA, faffiar^ tod fteete with the.coM,x»»The wrkite mtn
pf« th« revrrfia of «]iia. Thev iMat fibi ftvera wintcra pf Cauda*
itad Rulfia, #tth<»t aach dittcukjr ot fiiRicrmg t Bat io ao hot
«)iin»ta thty baeoaia* fickly, aad. I«U fooncr than tke Mgrott.
.Se.Mral coloniaa pf wkitc padpla have Aibfiftad in th« totxid zoi^c
itt Amarict. mora than t«v9 centoriai : And yat thejr cannot bear
abn htat, likn th«<ori|[itt«l inbabitftntii* or liim tba nrgroai.
JTbronaia npf«rcntl|^ be|l foited to a cold, anil tba othei* to a
JMm clin»at«. And rhc& differai|ea;ji aaa a* apparenUy o»ifagto
tbcircotoaR» for tbcy do not appanr to be eonnc^cd with any
jotii«r,canre» or circomftancer piiffarent coloara therefore in the
hanian fpecict* aio certainly bdl adnptedt fiucd and (iiiiady lo
•<IMEei>en<* ^itnutni*
9t^». Thnro it a teadcncy in climate loprodace the colonr »hicl»
it reqolrei, Ahtmal beat la derived b«t little from the iun^ or
Irani tb« at«ol{kheM i bnt chiefly and nninly fnom originiai con-
Jftiuioik > Tlw deign of covnrinit nnd clncbfng, ia to detain «nd
prererve abc hear of tbe animal body, in i^i .•atuml > fitoaiioa,
dagret, and qaaiitity ; and to prevent on cxtreaae •rnfle or di/-
fMnfionof it. Black readily reoeivea and abforbatke heat of
(ho nnimal body \ and in tbia wnyt tmda lo exhaiiii and dii^wrle
it. White reflcAi andrepela ike raya of light and^iaat moie
rh*n nny otlmr colour, atid that prevonia and pppofet their ptf-
iagc ( and in ihit wny, mnda lo prefenrt nnd dotnin tbe coafli-
tutionclheat of iba^ antnal bodjr. Hence the cbvcring, which
nature h« aSgned. to the ear^ in cold climatei, ii Tnow : Ay
ill colonr it bocemai beA of nil adapted to prevent the beat from
tfonring one pf thn tarth inio tba almofopbere. And hence the
«oveeing ofnioft^ anlaMfai in Ibn fevoreft ftnfon. end coaotry . is
gnnoeaily while ; tte eobarivhick noft)t>f all pralbrvca the heat
•f ikn nnimai bodyr and pcevnatt in flowlitf eni. U eonforni.
lay to the iiaiM lnw< of iuinae^ aunf nnimaU ebangc their ool-
«arni febe anpwaobof winlar ;«idJKMi.Uack,bro«M, or gray,
bocome wl»ie. Tbii ia ibt cnib with ike rabbitt, fexea^ and
boMTH fcOi nc Kudfon't bay. Raffia, and Siberia. Fron^the
darker coloori which they bear in fooiMer, they tnrn wMn at
bn approach of winter \ and rtnain fe,. natll the rttom of fprtng.
i^: IP P E' Nr DP Wi XI
lAToebcalWircrimftitaApeartlo hf^ • ppirtifi^ t«d i. IjuUiii
•ntfiAt^Q* to ^redoce tne cojofirtit •itqtti3$f*.,i{^j.! » if A(if
f Tbf^«)>»ate o£ coloipr ifi nutq* u morcllo* iiM BrA4o«l.f It
It li«fpft#r MTMin tnd •^»fen. "tbe niii i t« iMn «rno ftf^iiivirii
caqp^M^o tlie l^iai j|[adVM|«f lU A)Q*iim() t»4b# iii|<uin##f
|be wU4, in bot fiNCaai loif ih^ir ^bi^Mfii Mid Iwcomc ^w^
orrtdi The {i^b»bittnt»pf Bwop«4vb«ii<tlteyi'«t(lf In JM«»ifnjn
oe ID tbo >yniMin)i|iflat|di^ loon |of<l^ ib<ir: wbltoatft^ ;<W^ W-
oeipiB ol' i b^wpift fdlonr* The Eoiof eiiiuT wbo>i«flide^M»|^4n
the EtAitiietf bflcowe pf tbe fiiaw cJreMn colowcd conHiftyi^*
w« h«v« tn acc«f ate accoont'of theueffitfii produced b/'CslinifB
in Southamertcni by Dr. Miteheli \ ^ The Spaniardi fvbo bavo
ittbabiccd America ninder tbo icnid boc« for any cofiftdtrabb
tioM, arp become as dark coloured ai oor native .Indiaop of Vir-
{[ioia« oif wbkb I ioyfelf havebeep^a witiiefr/'* > Ap accopiu
rom AfricP4 ii eqatUy autbentic apd aocoratet ** TbtN^ pne
fevcfal other (ipall PprtoMefe fetUenentHa and one of lome nole
at Mstomba* a riv^i in $iepiia L«oA>^ Tbe poeplf hero waited
P9rtugtu/itU9 ptiflpinillf fOtfippi bred Ifom a mimnre'of tbe
£rft PortttgPefe dlfcovertfi^iWiih. tbp.«etives#an4 now lice^aiie,
in febetr conrplexion, and wholly ^oalitif of- their hair* ptileft
aegroeiy retaining bop'tvar* • rpiattefing «f ebe Portagnefie ^lai>
gttage."f Here the operation of mittArc by ipaniage^ lade-
teriPined by cltnat^ in, ftvopl* of tbe Ait^hcapt'QoloWx There
pre fiiPilar acooonti df 4be fippfplexion «if tbpv^tngoefe> wbrt
fettled at Senegal in ifoo } and of tbofe'wbo^rp ietiled[oa ibe
coafli of Conto* Tbe varying^ oopipleaion. of the Jpwt ie< alfo
very rppiifkablp. ]>ercepdbd' froai oaa iktkf their reHgkyi
liie prertnted their marrying Mvitk oUerfeople. la ,firt|ain
pod GerpUnvi they are while. In France «nd Turkey^ dtep
probcewn. In &paia pad faPW'^t ibPir ookmr it Aiiwtby.
In Syria pod Chaldeai tbe oliwp coloor p revaili t I« AepMa aad
Rgypt tbpy araof a tavrny or oppper leolour^ Amppg • every
npiiop they ieepi to pprtake of tba colour of tpp eliapip. , Aad
oiie of iham, Tudeta, rplate« that bit opuptryaen in Ab|Nbiic,
bave acqaired tbe dark eomplorbn of ibe origipplpMi«M* f
It iaobferraUe thai all tbe/e chaPgfif Pro Irppi' o-iigbt^to p
more dark complexion* ftipiilpr cbaagui hpva ppt biPw * oMmm.
ed in the pemmik that have bCPP btpi^tht iatpi )th«< tpmpenMP
diroacer of America. It Aoidd feepi libereiere tbpt the trpoA-
tioa ir Pafiar from tpblte to bkedt, than ftom bioick ta^wiiita i cr
that the npgio colour it the nog deeply impreied of any ; or
that heat bat p mocb auirc Aiddan aad iwwerAii'OCi^l ibP»cold4
UjOigbi howpvpr to be obfiimd tbPt ii it ottly in wbite and liit
'^' ity-. - 'ceaptoPioiW9?'f
• PhH. Tirtnf. Mo. 47d« . . i ^ i » .o
t' Aeeeant ef tbe trade ef OreilhiitaiBlo AWccibf pa Jb^jumiw
fbaPt.
iBaffbpNit.HiftiVol.III. . ..
^:.
<p*
m ^ p f E^ N € ft
^iiioiiiMkt im '^gjitM mm'vo^ iSo^MeciL
_. „, , thiiifi inprecurjaDB in
fm'M&m\m*6im^^^^ to muifmimf^^^^^
ilki mmiU '«t^dU%^S> 1tb6ir£M't>Kt or si %n intinWUtt, is
^etltbti ^ram <^r any »)Bar w^^^ Aadiliat white is
s^dr^ib6ft li^if^Qry fuilied^ ttid than|e(k tl^aa vQ/aif the other
<«!6ufi, WitN #hkft ««^ bt|ea> inykc^^^ ' -:
'"^. i\ Uimi idhi 'i^oMrmtWtih hf xhtti remarki, tlial: t1ie col-
-61^^09 tA^ti in dW«tthi"c\tmitet» are UjiB. facti, as iKof*^ c)i.
KtMtei^etd i&tmm'. ' tJhder tTi^ eouator tW dirkeft' (hade,
^^{^ binillt e4k«l lilic:^; 7I14 heg,V6 of Africa is placed ip the
%ii^ft'1iifttfiile1i«l^;''tiiiik'taNs pikceoq thtaelobf j and tiie cqIqu:
^xkiMt^ U Ae d<^lj|»>(t ki)d tftfli^A bTftc^, tlOkt any where ap.
pbi1^ t^e 1i^ii;\i il<»untMn\:e.- Adrlncinip fiiom the eqji^tqr
<(;i#l^drlhe pbl^t the ebldtiV of ttte Immln' rpeoM fecqutrcs § com*
^K^lblt more a^d Acre light ; dnttl haviog pafled throag^l^M^^
ititcii'rtietJhte gfadtHonstM (hade, \i terminate! in the whitenefi
^t i tem^erkte'AMd ^61d climate. -^Tbere ar» iiidee^ variations
miii t3^ltipt\6iiiYir^ this, and' from every other {general, law of
^atd^r IhthrniMcirei or dHFerent nation^ migi^ation^ ditferen-
i«l i« fbf.tfV dfi^i^fe, tf1eM(iKH«lft. ;%ffeUb«rind raa«iy>^^ local
«?itiiitt(ldrttei aAdiifUreii; iVilT ^rddi«ie tfa^ . ^ijich vitiations
Bfei6^t hjreelblief'llb anyeen^i'al law of nature;, they are neither
«vWene#r6f. (Ji-^iib^totts tb ruch.Ttijri j but derive'their origitr
ffbhr hJca1^aria'j>&fti6i}Ti^r cadie's^— ^ai it is impblBble not to dif.
«t!fn thV|^n«^aFr^gu^irity, (ehdeocy, and eifefiiof the I«ws oi
«lafQreri'»>^iiilkciink)H!e andoolpor/ The mbft intenfe black,
Is the |#Me^ar(^iiaKor man in jthe hbUeft part of the globe.
•Wheirm^ beat ri'ibriiiaeribly abated, the black abates too, and
tbe collMft'Vteebbies rWilrthy. ToHhii fdcceeds the red or copper
<c^lod#ttf tWMlTahd W^ft f ndtani t faUed to that {iart of Afia^
lOhfei'CPthift^dtinVKtfy'e beert lo$g fix<«dand,i>eraiaaently fettled.
«rhe ntn^if^ililttfi^H tl brown, dibpretiending the olive, and dark
y**lfH^^ • w*!1]|b<e> Ibidfe, or , a brown approaching nearer 10
"•R hlVe/annti^imhfcth a'cif Aate linl yore tcuperate. The whole
itermmatei in the coldnefs. andlq the wbitenefs of the European
«Wdltb^(1tetd'Wi1l6lniri b«yMd Which nature has not praceeded.
V^n^d Wher^a cU^ntr/ Is Of grent extent, as India, and Chiaa,
^he ^^^WOt'cff f»e fame people ii dark in the foolhern, and n\pre
^Ir rrt the northern parts. Whatever partUolar exceptiona and
*eVUIibrf#*itoi/^fcfduAd;fhefliii«r«lW of nature refpeOi^
5;. wrf: ..vvo'ii W ' qolo^r,
Arp p EN- I> IX,
.q4
m
wUt,
afi^lfi^, tf «it)) other law of nicbri, wj)l<
;^r3*iitiv 4l^iMon,and cfe^ of cliiba je lilttft ^^
fii^tli and fiy thi coioart of m^,^ha|^ ar* c#»fe| w^l^
injii^i''atibii, iittk w4 biKSttia^ng^of tli«,ef«ittOf^fvr
t%e! wfi^ tny Aifiiraoeai i% tl^ tt|aMMl4^^|^QM
aJWfoli^^
poftd rata* of man. ■ ]fiheiflyk>ftjbc«^p<<^|i^j^ ,
t)ti« ckofe Qiuft nave baeAo^ratiai^,iimitatml|,^»«f fiq(
i«ftdeiice becama fixed^fh iny paMimr ^tot ike aartli*
faime raiqack will apply, to a^jrOtW T^ppMied caa^i* j|i|^ ._ _,
ittfliayl u^on every nation. «vhofara0daiiee|iav ^n 0x^ l^^iji^/
h%.^e been operaiag'ever finca thclf fit^afM^lMMpynf f^i^fiL^
^ith regard then to |U tiiof<e nat!^ w|kiet| km le^i|tfiM||i^
f« tli'e fame part of the t**- '^-'' "' — - * *^- ^— -* -"
tfre efFeS of cauf<B» whicl
baeinnlikfc of the creitioii, .,.,.,, , -^
relda ib uielr piefeat £fti^()o|tfj|^pr c^ao^ef.^W^
to be exjieded, If, aiiy race of ttao whofa fip|o(^r |v|| |d^^
formed, fliduld bicf rembved (o a,coiinir»t W^n$ ^ha (fm^fwy pt
cHmite wai to j-everfe the former ett«5^i|9nd.chai|g«|i3ifL99kfi
whfch had been Ibo| fixed r—Cpnjd it be aam^ffd ^itfjbi^M^*
cf of cHma'te to thanea a cokMir lon^ foi mao aai fifieid* cbpidjbe
exerted in Yefi time than It had raqaired to prodoca and ao e^ab«
ilfliit /—- Wottld St reqbire lefitifne to remofe|(aaf,aH?4K{|!itQl9|!f'»
and (0 produce a new one, than i^ did to prpdai^^^Q^jM |«%#i:# l
So fkr at we canderivie any la(brmaUote firoipi ilraqrd^ail^^
of nature/ we cannot conccivf that the colour of tna^Mgro^ 9df44
be chanced into fhat of the <vhite mani in a lafap|riMji^,tUM^
than it had lakeh^ to. produi^e an^ eftabii$' ^af tti9w ^ Jfipl
kis much more pfobjible, that a longer perfipd of t|^' !nrmdl4
be neceflliry to eradicate the l^dl»^an<| prod|i<%s th« (<Fi<mi4« .i^^
lyas reqiuifice to for,m the compliyiion at |ril.-->^liji;la ^qim, M^^f
mean to inqoi re, carefully into tha operation! ai»4 e^Mai^ q9«r
tore* moil pat on the patience pf t(|a.ao|^qttiwifo» wA l^atll^tp
compuit time with <ihe aftroocMneri. X.M iippiatlfn^aiftfagiaiiyi
leads thea^ toexpeAthat climate diqald iindfthatJn tnrjM or
fbur generations, which natikrf hei Men oonlbliltly at work tt^
affefl, from her firft Oflgitibntii now.
appearance of probability. The moft powerful of all the cwiea*
which have been found to change the complexion of ntm. if thas
«f natxtara by marriage. In iSkt negro colour, thii requirea five
^f ''■''' generatwni.
« -r. . .•
%*•
f onejbf tbefe fij^ntratit
- - .^ -,, ^-, , ...Mt^UL.
pnktMtf iftl!lQrekffea. Th% time ofone ^f tbefe c^ntratwMMy 8i
^^mt Bf Ife^ibiftg art ' fcftimite, UW tlfte i? cSti*
itfJ^M^ytW^i thr dktik are/ tl>W ird faffic
'efrl'#yri«!^ff (^ itKdtti^, in'Mnf vUw !h ^^Vi(^ tile tbaudr:
"mMm^iMm tkvmt^zi{ii^i^c6rM^ifCy^4*.^m to'
tN^Rjfi and wind, in the ufe of paint an^ oiT, or in an habiu
llrnfri otfilthiners, that tends to darkcoi or to render
i4S||foi|;'«o#/yir;"tT»|8, ina^ eithctwifH ot
,„ , , ^ wi? »F™'*^*»^J*' of; cliiifi^c, Accord'tig ?» the nature an<^
t(mlmiiey;m iiwdb«w(lofa or pvafticc may be. And we ought
aQl*t«'M«BfllMit)iat'tOf or make that any objrAion to the fn«
ibeMi of eH«Mte> which may l>e derivedfrom other eaufes.-
'yh#r4w^feeAliiMi} thentAueftoe of ditnattt is in fayoorof**
*tfN»iW##1lit« WWplWtfoti. iWtirt^the cbhakM aohWc^ttfeii''
«ri^»iW^iin'^i«tf Wift?«(i«, ifofl»<f!»*tiin body, tlflSre^ilahf
WhJr'i^a i»i^6 ^^«PuI e^xifif .x)6 feffeft Its e^mf, thaft
c'|ipjiiteYfn4 wM^hi «.ft'ng in ibnftapt^oppofition to, it, jiyci
(q(.thtii;dW»«««aHcfa fairOwotdiHy olive complexion., Su.:h
aiu(b< tiHiy att witii a force ani power, equal or fuperiour w
WtirHM *li%Mfcet h»rt they are noierjjjt ly permanent, univerfal,
«»*#nT«rtab*i.-^Thcfe is ho error more commoB.or mdrrapt
iV^^o»V«'ui'*He<ynlMnpUtii1g thtf rtattfral Itiftbfyof rditi,
thant^iftriU IhaftotWie ta fe, M'hifcli ii dcittvcd fitert of
cioiuced
'%fi
,^mr,
.ii .,
tiM joint opemiion ofwinf, WHatftr^tiodtlo.
inhma 9ff J«f« traufplNlt* wnii^^^aft th^jc^^
itpfCMt. at ceruinlr Mili»^Ut«^m whicli tM.
tKfi fubj«9^» fi:ut there it one 'loqwiry acinvf ^luqpc^; id^
nmd|Quf.)Cf^eful attcittiQa^ Iio«r 4QQ»Uif^d(iii|iatiB iui4 s^
cbuiilr of kteo iQiiaiii of AoMrioi «gfeo wit^ tliily.orfvdslf «ip,
oD^f fuppoletl law of climata? The (n9i«aa werd(fp|B|ifMrj^
tljtt^wliok cootlnantof Amarica: Tiiey 4w^ iii^ejra(^;:l^piifi^;
time dtmate ttpm tho ^qitfttptt^iu^fohi i Ant^v ilie^'i
6i%kti dmc colour in cvfrji plapo, IajiM.«w^ft.!H^
uncf jeif* Aro th« cliflpiitei of 4tmpa^ ^t^nt rfrsin ^, ^ ^
ol^iliootl^ircpotiiientr Orw)i«nMiiit«t^ ^i^ CoiBm^M^II,
liillcli tak^ oIa«a beiwacn clii8ateajQ4 colour in, t^e,^Qti
ti|i|iiwbifk%iav« bean already nont^ ^
1;^ Tlif ^aiaoco|ottt iavmy evicteotlyUie quxture of l»Iii)l|p
a^ r«i Tfie ^our^ which an inten(f heat pro^tcet, jvipc^
a| |^C|f4it^V>rF^i^Ji» «ItliMl» m^Mk* * Ana it ii uM9j^i0^
x:
»(>&
*1lW imn ^^mw* to #ri|« in diit taafaige^bal i^M^laV f(jp(
heipg ccitain thM it It either accurate, or proper^ It h«a MAi'til»to for
granitili hot it hat nefcr been examined, wMthcr ilia Indtth coltiof tt
tlie/hliiefttefc^y part of America.' An icc^4t^ hitd In^iimtiV* dliAi<V<-
er, M^idlt U'PiMo^wbo coMoiaMicd for ftfcral ftart «l' Maiigroiri^ fe
Portagvcra ftltkmnt in tht iawrieor parti of Brafil^ whcmln indiM^i
•re ottaiMM^eai and net alicrad by thoir iatcr«o«rle mA iha Cq»opaM%
noted a diffarf nc« in tliair eeoipltsiQna t *< Tbay. a«a all of a^pupcf: caU
OUT, wiib fpoui divcrfitjr ,of ihad«t not in proportion to tbair,diiiaoci fjpop
ihe equator, but iccerdiog t<». tfaa degree of elevation of tbe terrbMy
which they inhabit. Thofe wjho live in a high countrjr arc farier' iKan
thofeni ihcmiiiAiylowIanda 6ii the coaft»''— Robcitfon'i ftiH.^Aneri*
1. 46o.-*->On tbe nerihweft part ^fxM Ameriesn continent, il haa bbMi
found, that ** ibt edfnpkxfon of ~the Indians it lighter than that ttf tbt
r»Hi»hern Indian*, and fomeof tbcirwonienhavei^ycheHtai^'w-Aiorfe^a
(^cogt I. 99^ to5. Edit. i79S^^->tM' ibe It>diane of Paraguay wc ba«e
this ffcoiivt t ** They art f «nar«Uy of an oiive eumpUxioo, fatnc daifccr^
ttkbet* l^^tcr, and A me ai white aa the Si>aoiardt."»-Ibid. p. li.
«^.
.■/
■;>
m
ta
A P P.E N I> I JC...
il fliouM liavt 13)^ cflMi u^ tW lii«n»R My^ i^
Ml0tnfl«Mflceof.eii« Tiw an4 wind, ia rM. m %iHi|i«i^.
thpiftiiiNbajv J Mffm»i4hmi^rm fliM. lb« jmo4«Q«<^ ^ ibv i«<A«
MlBMiiidMv not depti^ v^mi fiHA«i«» k«««» •« oaMw %(»l •fiw
AdMi9 4»Mbil «£ l«vi<i« in tlift oyiM>f«ir. $mi luavwig UmMjt
diMrarlivr tii«» <ie«fliai«e4>av« iiil«i»r<«tMedi by^ lii« flMmactiOF
htim t«« fMwerfy» MoAt* «y^u»MNttMi itik^ t GastKTer iHlkHill frofli
due «iMil>«r ^ Md tte AirtMr f(f«4«€iii9 MWlf >« tim iiniiii «iStas '»
4i«t«t;^ttiM colour W 4k« Jh^Kmm wa» ^i!«b«My; •mpp^ffalv^a**
«d^«Mi^i»iw)^ &M ««!*«> ipcowSuiierififo > TAe)»{«iBr««i/tha^6i»ii)i»
until g#if|^i»t»ty fofOii^tiMl fisiwK Nfew ^tnty^akme trnm^Ammr
tea; . Tkitcoloar AttMi^M >tavfr iMrn ^Mkffti Mmt^wmm
itfhMita a^ACar raii4 ffCMatheliatiii^ IMitf «aawMly^H«<l
tgJtiM fanF) and to,4^a ai^ mu- ^Mkf^ wAmtthm fotmod aad
iMad^ilMfy: w^aaWr itatttraMfti «o«N9r|i(^tlwtr o^paims >^A«<i aa
CiMTft, Moreno other peopW with whom thojP'i«aul4 hav^ any }a»
iti«ni|f^i there conld be no chaogeor ahcration of colour, pro-
^tti'^f ^mixtutt 9f ptutnti of #iA«rtiit CM»|>}e»iam. TMir
teiidir therelto^nuill have been feltlid, and mihrm r Anc^tho
V^ol^effaft'olf plt{pa1«tioD mafthivabeea to fpread* propagat<b
|uhI pi»lBi«v<!^tw Tbe elM^ of 6li«at» (hco opoo the him in
JI«0tiao»»'«vo(Hd oot.be tp pfodnca «a<llflr«» hiaaoiouf i .btft^al^
ther to.piefcrve, or to change it. • • <
v4mf«uMoipftltofj (hecliinaiAidif Aoiifcfict wai iiiff ctenfiy: hot, to
«battg9 it ,ifltO'»nt in«eofe bUok* < 1* ia only in . the o»oft^ iateola
itea»of tlie hotteftcHmote^tiiitdlM ewtreme bJack of thenegoo
»'fo#m«d. The cH<naite of Ao^effioa wider the line falis f»r
ftoft of ihi V •* Wbile *e ne^roon lh< aoaft of Africa U f«ofcb-
:i^4vjth .unreroiuiMg ^e«t, thei labjibliant of Pff»»> breathe* ^ aire-
^9»1^ jnyd«nd iciP4»ffai«. h^ il|»^ff»tttaily fltaded aw^r a c«»«-
»pp et«i»r ciottds« wbioh. iateraepuhe *ffc« btamaof »« foa^
'io 5tri- <.r. ^t^.:*;^ v.G»»h <^fm^ in* ^fii'<i«|.i*i1« r.om x''^"**'"*
■^' -.'■ ., , ^' . ' "
^ Jl f P ^ 1| D I X,' _^
Iv «HMll»ti«r* •Hitt4 ilMltMii^tMM tiNM fte (iMW Initwte #
iMiMtMl -41 if «oi t*b« w^aed^M'ilW i*4iM takm A««M
li» dwttgw) nt6 «ll•l«■l•'blalek^ MopawAf 4iw ^mtie «ii
jN«tilM^llt9pr«<HKt thk ^^^l*d Mf loudt vttrifNM io >tMfaik
e !''4 ^li# «liMif»^ cotObf' imH 4ifliialiUf ft lie ««f •••A'i^pmU
li»«f «li»«MMf»ry kliKir «ec -to'bUule/tiactovbkrrrMlmliiii*
•4%ht)»rilMdiitliaff wlMttMli|»lie»ii«i»rtk«->«qwior»/ if tMii
1^ Mif kiiHitntt or iMdeMy ift Mtrnw «olA kk 'phHi«c« « Mr
•Ml MAit* cMw^ftJiicHr, tliitwig^ bwt^lMMi ffspiAe^ r^^iM*
t«« n6 tolderelinaiw Apoii iHifiec of nhw esrtMI»«o-t^ofo vf
ikt MNbtrtt ftm of A«i«fica.<^8M »lMtev«r iiii]|*it be ^tmk^
ibettceof tlk« eMfli«te to piMJoce fodi ■'Coai(>le«ioR> ttw iiMUwM
flhttfe itAr of f«v4»r«t oavttki •Ml ciMiitftt Methods to pnTtntiik
Oiif^Wii^ilielreAirtsiii lialMtol livkig^ttMl'WM^rinf ibooeki
the wvii; expofed to the fill imct vf «lie «rindti atMl-finr s kt^
irnktr/'iviiilieir extrtiie m4 fft»p$f;ut^Wtk, wn& <lMniief» 9 A
third, wa» their habttoo) i^e of gretTe and paint.' icivMtiMiv
'«li1«tot4fflebAowtoiiii0int and nth Ihiir bodies' *ltb uliiilgtiafe
-wad oil of tke bear* (shaver, AofiraiCiiiivd'otliMr^maMiisf Iwdiito
«lx the greeAr with differeiM' ktiMM df» paiatn en<i govm ^i VIrii
|»«aftiee^ e^ai pMbabiy^ de«f<itd to pMiwt' the bisdy ■'•fiiiift 4te
«tcf«in« tariailMS of htaii' >cdld| aiM 'RtaUN««i for^haehlhejr
HKMW ooAlhmtlyetpoM; i9or<«iidd«hef4M*e|Mrb«idod'^»y botw
ttf ^l«leao«< •i^tkfki ^lifit, eoldi raitii' aail ^ f nifeas» 3thd» ^hoeiio
«Mr^»l1»}r hodieffpith » gftitinoae liin^olearffilh; ^ Ami iiidi*.
Iiiff ihia, thoy^odki a fiiM in<* t eercaltt itf«fliatf^ foMiv^
Aree their tokler^^'frefti eny apMoithN «« • wfliite^dr i» » ^Mr
«a«jp1*itoB. Wb«i ekireairidmlneAi «r4# added td' that freait^
«lt; end pailm^Mfher^liittete or aflf och*' eaefls fiosM^todoee
#tilrlo«plejiioi», aatil Oiefe weforeiMfO^d Md^fafbdj ^^km
Iwfhe lBidiab«ofttoiMi and nerhott of j;««rd«a8<Jit»(i^ag«lall
^hteffiBAaellcilmate, the»riMliM hirnlMf wai tahtogconAimi hMe
thai-iiotbi»g twald «hao^ihtcol«|r 4lf 'Mi idoy ot.'MiImkAc
arare tranfparent. But -J^,^^n*;a3 ao it- «»*iw^»#' t ti'^
' 5. Where dNrfe^oOtfMi bil^ Wtv -tftlhftili <fi«if«dia¥c<i«iM'
^M^hetfn fotmd to he tba0feablir< it liHk ftenwribffii tbeeidifii
«rbetbe# the Iwdiati'«oloor »'eMdtythe'ilkwe>th%eek!)r«patt»df
Amerka. No ■ceemne Ootipirtfoni hate ever %een iMde>bo>
l#ee«f the eoletr of tiw ^ddiaaf ir thtHotfeft^artb- undn* the it.
^aatori •Ndthofe'lo the remOie riglMttof Owtadawnd Hadii^t
hfi Their ooloitri<h«vo«««e>beett'ed!«pi#e(l laiiiy aediviae
eiid 4liio«i AoodtH ^ and fttMll! ytriatieM in a daHc vqaifpieiioo.
w^nM not be a natter of comaion ol>rervation.— But whether the
Indian colour be the faane in evorjr pare Of Arfleriflj. pfii^ It is
peri|ii»l7 morf ch«ingeablef and oot fo deeply fixed, ai that of
the
.<-«»
..•u
•»■*
^
AaP^ ptliP^ N^ 01 IIXA
8Mckbrt^Mk' liivMiAtthaAttH^^I'lM^liibiii »d4 Aimitio d
IHi^tirv tfUforcM (imm^'iMltiof ^4nMta»%> mk^ ttfiiM in ite
£)rcil*. , They live ia Iwofft, luve a fixed» place of^elli^ettee*^
«N» |a#i4lKK MM <ft# (buitolNir j»«JlfM^ ifedrtit^V ^aiK* «li*ir
cftm^letilM^dKfl%M'd(M)lir'frda^f1laft df the tlpibet «Ni»y«i«MMiB
i#>llliii^^fiidMrind^ot^i««l llic«w 'Tli» feddiXh eift I* ibcicdv
7ltf* liiviiy tTfwa tppein^ ttbre ^diflli fetoi >iMl cl«adi«< ; Tk» >
ciiMf0 teitfli^ ha»>4trtpf6tr«d| Md ibey have approMhaaM
aMMifr^^tteiier tdrViN eotoufef tkelMMer tiBong tiM «»MMi,ibni
tli#«i^ K^Q tatain their aKivnt caAomi aad ^labiti. Thif
clMh je^»f coiaoff ie the Indiia* who have livedo long aaioag^4ha
iiMiet} iaaippaMiittoodmnion obfervation. Add it is apparent^
If ttfetfihia fraai theebaktge in their Aran neNrdaibni»»#iid iMb^
ifi<^^ Tlri»'chfcafa>«jf cii«4ndiAar^o«pkxioB»^ eleavly 4kom wjtw
lii»'bit4M)t%hr«M(«f(vtttoi»,:-aiftd'fa«m^^^ ^-.u^mAiu
*-. 4f |tf-{hJe'Mrtiicnl'p4rc»>of Ailiei^ thetc are pevmtiwii phe*
dbiit«ha.?«(rHtth' will (br^ tAkk to (how wbftt hM been the effeft
of «l{<iiatO. ' '-Tht'efffOiflrttOIK in the riortbero pmu «f^ AoMriea,
srtHi'pedple renvarkfeMf ^lfferOBr/ro» thfei la^KMst eirhleh ac^
€«pt Cbe ofher parti Of the oontiaeor^ There% Mm fi^ocb room
to'doobi^ bot th9t tbe]r'#efe dtri'ved front fbe^ oorthweft «ar»
of Bampe t afe tl^9 faioe people witlir the GreottlatHleto,Lapf
l*a<ieri, ZMibrft«aiairtl>Safl»0)idi.>' tittd Kii# thclii, *trodeteend«
od^li««r^e^amr»1tf Iheeail.' Thffii^'ideft«M>lii««'waeproh<^
aiblf^fiiiMil^hof4ffleai<iOtrlii|lMliidtaM.' <Sit<w4llte<fh«lodiea
tf ibii 1f^ b^'^ciifbllr^ pletkftii' thtik red' • C0(i<ple«i0iir the E^
^«MiaX'hivirl«qiiited i faUMw OHVe, or bre«raift^k>or ; laore
iieli«iiii lO'^^hie BmrOpriaa wbiteneft^ fbaw fflbrbt biowaifli ni
di^tbii AiiiiOi«ci##M»Tb%har <eaaf« cao we abfcnbe the lighter
oiloitr or this Wabth of the* Tarter faie* bet to their more jiorth-
m4f Ortdlbieii fi^MiOoi They l^r^idopied the iainecolioaii
and habits,' II the fndiaiU; ^faef >irt> and anoint their bocfier*
#itbfit«ar*» tk6 §K'M ^ ^Hetlribd train oil ^ and are as filthy
m the lo4ltni« Hot only lb, bat they driak the fit of the Mf
Md iheiftMtnoil^^Mfteftaeni lithe ttoft plealant li^oor. Can
itiio dooh«ed erbit nrofl be tbi^ effoA opon their colour f Irop-
oratiiaf^fk tbriaflaeee*«f''dittatek In tl^t part of the earth
wkafft cHivate operalel>«|i61lpi»wellblly *« predtfce a while «o««.
Cexion.^ThelttiliietfceOf' ^twocaofea ii dieldcd, but the
iHaace ii in fk«onr of ditt«tO» Oftd'Ihe Euroaeaft complexion*
Thoain two t»fmfin$nmi wnieroni kfooi of fliwi, derit«
«d from the £iae notion, etNAete, ciiloni,^>d habit, iii onf
fnn of i^mcrieat ha^e^piodeccd oe'iprefcrve* the dark crimioft
of the Indian ) but in the moft northerly ikld leos^^rta Ot^
cOQiiQioti tdc fame caufes b«v« oftabliAcd the fallow pUvc colour
^•J
•£ih*t&foiitniiii3i»<iM>ift reft i«bUM. iht XiifQpttii wlutip^^
than t|t«Tii)tiaarpd» Uf^Mitm^ •ttfBiioB ihto, U>tk«vMiit
a0««Mi4iic» t«iMnftK«i^iJi%i«acr«l cqnntxlliiiiwbich lMU,t«li«»
pU«C'V«Mr«M c)i«iaui.i«iAc;DkMr« iA^tb«v«'ioiM ftWH#l.«i)fittlht
•f-JMMiifphera.v;; :.': .,',;,i ... i». ,„.. .tr-;. .,..
s;TlM*>parC;ofiJbt Mt«v«l hiAoffjr.oC ««•» 4b«id» to bc^bat V0nr^
tbt«wM W *Rf leM !m4 a«Ciirati aecoHprci* I| 4oc» ii^'4: MIm» v
tftit,prfit)r well fl9teriai«ed4 thai ftb« «o^r «f tb« white jptft-l^
cftfiljf ft4iidio(M) «h4ingfl(l> CO a dark 90ffiplc«ion « J^nd |h|if ihii.
colotir^ol the iAdian it chaagtable, ioro a^ lighter co#p<iiwonV
^at ao relaiiooa which 1 htve <«en afford the hmPtlf^wm^ofrng »
j-«fpe|g|4ng the .chaage of. tb« Afr icaii black« Nor cao ldfia4llMf
phmopieoa or a^o«nts which ierve to afcectaift che'Aat|er,.j||iA,
patjifi ,<wt of aU dottbtv whether thierehae b^en aoy ck$iig§dm
tte eolMir.«f lhftflegrde9» which hafo beeo brougj^l^to aaf pa^t
of America. Nor is it certain that apy f«ieh apparaiat altfriiiioii^i
of'Uie negrf»«Qk)ur> oaght i^poa any hjrpoihf6s.<9 fatavc btiefi ^ •
p«l9bd»iA th^cOMfe o| four AT five geiievatioiis* And yee, ttqii^j
fone^f thefe hSU Aall be a^certaini^lr ivf eao bardlv^eKptft
that the Iftwi oik QAiiire wbiich ap^ly tc^ihif fiibjc^^ ^iu be#itn.
dffftoodr-nplaipaiieattoll the- fatigue of inquiry:, eo}Jif|liji| fgdu
comparing phenomena, Ibma philpibpihef i^ witb|[ieaic|)i;fi^l^Utw:
ticp^jha,«eiprct«ided todeoideit l^Jflm^ :,^0^61ve.>^ idif^
&Cttlite» k hat beea declared by (bme^ fi\m.th9t9^m'^Wnt»ililf^
cMaliooir eai)>raee».<^ men : Tbatlhejwhite maoh^on^liUM^
theiiegroiraneKbcr, «iid the |iK}iia«a thir4> AfC*<n>1?)e biifiiieiaoC.
nuHciMiydema lb».«ftiire> h«# Jeldom a«fi««r«4.:aoy ^h(ir#«rfi
po(^e»; thto lo^dikoverlhe prefemptipn of thoCt« fiha<rlMVit iDaJbt;
then* : Uhac picntei Milthia cafe* ^ If there ha4.beiii» jfa 0^109^
leeal fteatione at^ there arfaa4ividDalir thie < «oal4 -mk'90hti:, Hfc
any hifermetioo* or eaableoi toadvaitci on%Aipr nfovratdeilfe
Ibletiittt of the problem refpe^ngihe cokwmof difereM aieCk*
$till the iaqtiiriei would lepaip. What h thieiept of cqjoar^m
thifft^xUiierei9ta»eof.Wby <1» thp^iiyi^ef ligbl «ppetrief«:lfi^
different celoer%-ap«a the fitiot of thtmf$^ theetl^Rl W^
does one co^kwrK^ppear moft coroni9n.|ne9rll0t»nndiJiNHhef.<»£K
our prevail ike v^ in a e<M cHmatoii And kam ii^M.ebvtg*:
of cokNir produced b|rmar«tM#t«ndiin|Ktefff J-vInOead^aiMifec
iof oorialve* 4vitb fheoiier tiiil. are atteoiM wit h ^» tndenci^r
aM can brof»bufe« whatai wanted in thj«,/()tgeft«.|iiicarej[iiland^
nccurate othJcrvationf. Thefe jwii) in4eed reoaiiA ndoogTCootfir
of tiflM» «iid abilUiea very 4i^fot'fioni>thMe^,vMdivdecidA b|
aefeaphifiealdirpetei nodifpecHlations. But it ie the Qii|yjnet&«
odv sin whieh»we<havetanytifafini t« eatpe A eiir-<kj|iMed|iB of thin
.*5
m
.<
4
••^ ■ t ^'C ^ .5 *^' '■^^'''^A
A P r E NT D I X.
, no .t^'ctP^-n ;,-^,. •■ • ■^) ^li^t*^
:rmtP"'itWnMiis^^yi .>q^|«t^,.^^tt*>.^-V - - - .. 'f^ jo* to a^«c
^tjimkfmdnt^iam ■ •€•*♦•. IX. p« 199. ■•» ■ >^ ^'i ■
«|f^ f^i^ iSdnouw^lf the Coi»^i^f*iij4*.Go#iwii»r,'^*'^*
^(nr^H^^MUratiott «m1 potUipnoC that part of Nortlwmwl
^JL.'^V'fituMtiiMithoif Cwada InM, weft of Ooimeaieiit
fiv«4>>9'^ o' M»* Maflachiiteu* bajr, aad «ail of a twenty
|rU« boe DnNB HucUoa'a riyori- fiootaixunf about ono ttundrad
HOMji-^^f foux^townfliilWi of tho concent* of li« mtlea ^uaret
M|fc)^cf»nt«dyourpetitioaetib)r the authority of Ncwhampi.
ibira/befidet feveral grants made by the authority •f NajMryoric,
ilfid 1^ qmotUy of vacant Und« humbly Qiewrethf ^ » i" 3'Ui&ir>
,^,j(liilit,ypiarpatiti9nen« by virtue of feveral granti made
ijbl|b hy llio authority Iforeiaid* have riiany yeara finee, with
iheir familiea, become attual fettlen and inhabitaata of (t<o
C«id,/Ae(aribe4pfemUea i by which it ta now become a re<Mc-
l/lMf frqiitier ^. three nmehbouriM. fiates, and ia of great im*
j^^H)^ tAffur comnon barrier Ticonderoga j •• iihai f«Mu
j^Quid.U^e atviy there with much p roviiona; and cam mufter
Ilk9re tjium &ve thoiifaad haniy fpldien, capable of bearing
Hf ma H» lie^ani^f of Americaa liberty:
^^'fhat Chortly «fter your netitionera baao their feitlement^
9,j^ty oMind jbbbffs inlne eity and ftate of Newyork, be^
y^ !to $Uj>* <u« iaodi^ and l«mc meafuna to bevo iteni4«^
pMCfTtolioiiiCithiQ.lhatjarirdi^oii : &<it <» mu^ai h
o.TjT^^ on,^be lomrtb dajr of JuLn 1 7641 the Mng of Crett-
&it]^|i.4i(ijia(a ill order in couneil, extending the jurifdic-
ii|Oi^^p{^jjii|wyorb gpveriinient to CowMAicut river, in con-
ji^^cp^of 4«»prerentatiottmadeby the late Lieutenimtgov-
f^^W Coldip% thalb for the convenJence of trade, e^d admin*
^ri^o^ ftt^t^if^ t3m ighabitati were deAnnii of being ant.
nexed to that ftate : *;->;v'' • . > ,'t->i d.
, Tint on jthM-atwriuion of jnrtMiaiMi the laid Lieotenaht-
fpwrnor^ol<i«9.4id grant fmreeaitreflNoff land in the above
pe^ibed iiaaita» to ««rtain perfona Hving in the flate of New-
tek, Which mere at that time in the aAual polfeflidn of your
se^UioiV^i «ndund«r oeionr of the lavrfnl authority of faid
fUlf, di4 profleed tgainft your petilionera, at lawtefs intrud*
V«4 upon ji^i; down Unda in their province* Thia prMucMi
an applicadon to the king of Qreatbritain frqm your peti<
tionan, ff Wing forth their «laana under the govmnment of
Newhaqapihtr^ and the difturbance and interruption they
had ruifer,cd from laid poft clatmaata, undar Newyork* And
on the a4th day of July, 1767, an order wet p^bd al m^
J «il«»f'«i prohibiting the governori of Newyork, for the time
A P P E NO:
i; H
.:C
b4iii|. floai grtni^ng any part of the defcribfid prcmifei, dfiT
pam of iacumnf h»» highsft diipUprure. Nevertheloft ; tho
fane Lieuionftnmovernor CoUhsn, dbireniora Dunmorfl mt^
TfiKUlt b«ve each and every of them, in<thoiwtfp«ftiirinanrti
9f^lflfififltfiitmio»t fN-«^«ied tawolMe the ftiki'tuy> ui'dw^'by
nuAiaig fcveral granea uf. the p*iohib»teAynMiif>i, °<»d ogon*
teButttinsao a^ual invafion of your Mtkioncriktov fj^itet^*
ariiu,l6%tY« theia off froB their pofleffio^^ 'J^'S^-Z-^
Tho£a violent proceedtnga, (M^I»tlMiGcAeniliABmyRoii|ol^
tlk»flapfaaaecd«rto# Ncwyorkf that the dbartCfi^' et^ntcya Jlea
&o*«t ^ur potaaioBerk' laiiida, wero ittt#i/«^U iffld'fbifHoii'
whitth they wmre fourtidtBd, n4aeed your petitMiMn'tQ ttoi'
difia^nauAiltt-necci&ty of taking ti» araia, «t thar iMili^ ttMtiii
left tot ahrfcc«r«ay of ihaii- p^effion** Tb« cOofiM|M#d#(il|'
tktftAap avaa the pafltng imulvt eAa of ootlatMiy, by rtM" 'k»l
gtOatuteof KcwyotJtyOn the ninth dhiyof Mar«Jh/i^ }^id»
wove net intendei for the ftate in ge»cfel» bokMiy -.klf 'fm^
of tht cooiitieaof Albany and Ch«rloite» ir». r«ck|«f«i thtfii^
of^aa tweoovenad by the NewhampAlirecharterK " '- ->
^ipmt pethionort heving ha4 noropitfiMitiliv^^farttinli
feaAlv) vrhctt thde ada weio paili^ they fhflk ^mm*\6(H^
kwmledge of thorn by public papera, in which tHey W#r4it
feirtod* ifty thefe, they weee (erforaiodi that if three or 1IMV#
of ihcea aiteoaUed together to oppefe whei IM alCilbUv 4tBK^
ed legal authority, that Tuch et iiouM'bC fMnld'irifcliiliii 't»
the number of «hrae ciDnieee^ ihouM bo edhiN^ai friwu i And
that in cafe they er anyof them, fltouhl oot ftmiaaiiler hfiB»
filf or thcmtolvea to cenein officer! appointed for thMrptonxdii
of fecuring them after a warning of Mrenty dayii tbar UMp
it Ihouldbe lawful for the refpcAivo jodgoi of the ftlptia*
court of the ptovmee.of Newyork, to awand Mdcotion'^ttf
JCWeri^, the iameaa though the or they had been otttrfotiid bcferf
a proper couit of judicatory. Thefe lawa were ovtdantiy
eakulated to tnttnatdate your petitioner* into a laaM fitrrendor
of (heir «^gh(t, and fuck* a (iaie of vafiUage, at would ehtail
laifery on their lateft pofterity.
h eppcara to your petitwrnenythen an InfrinMrneat ontbeit
righta la Aiil meditaied by the ftcte of Newydrk t » we ftndl
that tnlheir general convention at Harteai, the ftcond day off
Augul laft, it waa utianimoufly voted, •• That all ^itremi
formerly due and owing to the crown of Gfoatbriiain'WithiM
Ihif fkate, are now due and owing to thia ootiventhm, or fbdi
foture government aa may imrcafter be •AabUilied in (hil
Itate." M.310 • ■'■J5 iii .««(«* M.i^^,fc a|
fiv a fubmiflion to the chdon of Ncwyorlf, your petitiottert
would be fubjcfkcd to the payment of tvro lhill1n|a and Rk
peoce fterling on every huKdred acvea annually } which, conk*
pated with the guitrentf of Leving^ott'i^ FbilUpa'!, and Ram
-I ' Oear'a
so:' Ai^ ^
*- ii-i
J
|Ot6<J
E N 0 I X- ■ f
Btr't mtnon, ' and inany other onornoui trada in the baft
fituationa in the (late, would lay the moft dirjMroboHiottate
lllara af the public expenfe on y6ur petittonera, m all rafpefta
die MA able lo bear U« ^
^TheMMrentkni of Newyoik have now neai4y e— plated a
code of la«M«, for the fiature government of that ftate } whieft,
fhouM their.:be attempted to be put in execution, wilj[ fubjeft
your pNBthiooetii to thb fatal neceffity of oppofiiig theia by
#Very.meana to their powrer. -
. Wlie»lbe deobration of the honourable Che Continental
Gongreb Of the fourth of July left paft, reached your oetitioi-
epHth^ communicated it thfoughout the whole of their dif*
tviftrend being properly appriaed of the propefed meeting,
'V jalfytea from the feveral countiea and towna in thediftrtfi,
4itfBribedvm the preamble to thia petition, did meet at Weft*
mtflfter Jn Ttid diftrift, and after (everal adioummenu for the
Mpofe of formiiwihemfelvei into a diftinftand ieparaie ftale^
aUd jnake aod publifli a Declaration, •« that they would it all
timea thereafter confider theoAfelvea as a free and independent
^ ftMc^eapebloof regulating iheir own internal police, in all
mA evcrvfefpeft wnetibevmr \ and that the people in the faid
dafcribed ^ftrift, have the fole exclufive right off goveroiim
IbemTekriialn fuch a manner and form, as they in their wii"
4Daik<hOttld vhoofe ;. not repugnant to any refolvea of4hehon«
•urablo thee Continental Congrefs :" And foK the mutual fup«
^Kiof each other in the maintenance of the freedom aod ia*
dependence of faid diftrift or feparate ftate, the faid delegalet
4lid joiatfty aad feverailv pledge themfelvea to >«a6h other, by
all the tier that are helo lacred among men, and refolve and
dvla0e» thet<hey were at all timet ready, in conjunAton with
their bretturen of the United Stttea, to contribuie their fuU
' aroportson fcowarde maintaining the prefent juft war agatnft
Uie fleet»and armiei of Greatbritain.
To convey thia declaration and reiblution to your honoura*
bte body,iho gtand reprelentative of the United Siatct, were
we (your more immediate petitioners) delegated by the united
and unanimonavoicea of-Ihe rcprcfentiitives of the whole
iMdy of the fettlers on the dcfcribed premifet, in whofe name
•ndiichalf. We humbly pray, that the faid declaration msy
be received, and the diilrift defcribed therein be ranked by
your honours, among the free and independent Ameiicsn
Hate*, and delegates^ therefrom admitted to feats in the grand
Continental Cungrefs, and your petitioners as in duty bound
ihall ever pray.
iit<whampjbiri GrMttf ff'ijimimfttr, lflt*» Jan. 1777.
lONASFAY. ^^^,
THOMAS CHITTENPEM.
NEMAN ALLEN.
REUBEN JONES. No.
SignH by order, and in
hehalf of i»id inhihitinti.
•#!'V^ *■*
'.♦"i,.!."' ^A '
i-i
vV 51 ^ 'T.-' '4 '^ f" '/
w ' ■
Tht RtmnJiraHCt ef tbt Commijumiri frtm Vermont Hf^*4^ ^
- PnmSnzt ^ Congrcft; Sipkmkr it, I7t«). Qsa». Hm
* ■ " ■ . , .... i •.'■„. J'
To the HQiumrfMe ^Comox-mi o£,thft ^Vii^iT&A Svat^i ol
TiiBvitttionil:Mio»off Irt AJlen ind Stt^heii ft. BradliyV
oomwiffioiMn from th« inb aad inicpendelit ftaisr' or
Vvvmont} appointed lor the time being to ettend dii 'OanptXik
'liVid»pteaMnre they embrace tliit fim ppportunMy Wteffifjj^
their rtheekt for the peifoaal honour done thelm by Cotigr«d4
iii fiVlng them an attendance though hi a private cxutidtf^^ASk
tlMur JionouraUe body : At the fame time lament tne nteeffilyr
vi^ehiBbUgjsa them to fay» they can no longer fit it idle ^fm^
tatorii without betraying the truft repofed iti tbem^- end doiii||
violeaee to their feeliaga, to fee partial modes porfued, piana
adoptadi ex parte evidence exhibited, whicb derivea aH^ilk
auinorlty from the atteiUtion of the party i ^ffltgaaiiff wHt*
iaga liBleded givtnc very falfe repreftntationf off fafttt to iflh
fwer m odier end but to prejudice your hononrable btidr i«
Eainft the iS/tfrr «/ r(nr««fft ; thereby to intrigueaad hiOe li
rave and meritorioua people out of tlwir rkhta tnd'lilialttotk
We «in eafily coweeive tne fecretary^ office of the ftate of
Newyork, miy be converted tnto an inexhauftiUe foiirce tti
furnifii evidence to anfwrer their purpofe in the piefedk d^
puie. ' ..■..•.. .^^.
NeeiMeb would it be for ut to ittformr Congrera/thtt^y tl*
mode of trhrt now adopted, the ftate of Vermont caA have «d
hearing without denying itfelf : And to clofe with tboie re>>
folutiona, which we conceive our enemies have extorted frtrta
your honourable body, and on which the trial it now plaieed^
would be in faft, taking upon ourfdves that humility and Mf
abifement, at to 1o(b our political life, in order to find it.
We believe th/ wifdom of Cotigrafs fufRcient to point ouf^
that purfutngthe prafent mode^- it deviating from every prin-
ciple of the laws of nature, or nations: For if the dripute if
between the Rates claiming on the one part, and the ftate of
Vermont on the other, whether the latter be a ftate dtjurt^ as art
independent jurifdiAion tit /hat ; they ought to be confidered
in the courfe of the difpute, until the powers interpofing, havd
determined whether the UtteV be if\ independent iutiidiffcion
dtjurt, if not they of courie ought to annihilate the jurifdir^
tion dt fatu \ but to annihilate the ftate dt faHo in the firft
filace, Js fu^marily ending the difpute ; to deny the latter any
ndependent jurifdi6lion djJuQo, is to iwiy there is any longer
parlies in the di/'put A « ^^a*. >
C c e ' '^ ^ A^a'n
1
i
A P F E N 0 h ».
Agiin we concdve th* means coimefitcd with ifaa- end, and
upon no principle whatev^ can 4ve juilify>, that ctdier part
lnoidd1feA>bli(h the modusi or rules to be purrued in dctermi»^
)i!^ difpoiesy without IhMifounding every idea of iHght and
^ofij^.^tn the prefetM cftlTe^ on the one part night the end
aajuftW l^ave been eftabliflied at the wy and means to cffcEt
■ theenjA. ■''■ -■ ■ •■•'■ •■ ■■■' !■'.•■^l^■^..> / '^■'> a ur ».,.-: ;
We ve far from being willing thoifiB brare and firenuous
cfforis made by theiUte of Vermont in th««onti:ov9ffy with
Greatbritain, /noiuld be buti^ by our grafping adverfariesi
j[ihir(tmg after doteination and prey) in the (pecious pretext
(>f riotoudy afluoiing government ; and we thereby fofe all
credit for the men and money we have expended.
Thiis while we are ncceflitatcd to remonilrate againft the pro*
ieeedings of Coogrefi on the prefent mode» we are willing at the
fapie (in^c any equitable inquiry (houid be made, the (late of
V.ermbQt' being allowed equal privileges with the other ftates ia
%hc difpate. ^ . . , .^
■-'■ And that the Aate of Vermont might ftand juftified to yoar
llt^nottraMe body, and to the world, both as to her prefeot' and
feiere condedt «t9 are iildacedi ai well itooi princjples of at-
tdcbmeajij to the A(ncrican caufe, as a regard we have for peace
•hd harmony among the ftates of America bow at war with
GreatbriiafHt to make the following piopoialf, viz. :.
I/?. That tl e itate of Vermont will as Toun as m?/ be .for-
ward (o the fitcretary of Congicis, an atteQed return of all
male per ionst liable lo do duty agreeable to a mi^iia aft; here,
tofore exhibited to Congtefs in a code of laws, entitled <*. The
jL^wsof Vermont {'' and the flate of Vernront {hail 'for and
durine the prefent war with Greatbritain^ from year to year
furnifli an equal number of troops in the field in proportion
to their numbers, as Congrefs {hail edimate the quotas of the
ifeveral United States in proportion to their numbers i which
.Jlroops fhall be clothed, quartered, and paid, by the flaie of
liVermorit. And at the clofe of the war, the diipute (hall be
' equitably fettled by the mediation of fov^rf ign powers; and
• {nothing herein contained, (ball be conftrued to take away the
right any of the United States ciaim to have in or over the
z Aate of Vermont : Or
V 2//y, We are willing to agree upon (bmeone or more of the
; iegiflatures of thcdifinierefted ftatea to iaterpoie as mediators,
and fettle the diipute : Or
^irrV. \Vc are willing Congrefs, being poflciTcd of fovereign-
<9ty, (hould interpofe to prevent the eftuftoii of human blood :
,','At the fame time, we reprobate evary idea of Congrefs fitting
ijis a court of judicature, to determine the difpute hy virtue of
authority given them by the a£l or a£l&of the Uatcor ftatfsihat
xnake but one party.
U
^-H"
"». •,
.♦^
I. •
Vt^
A P F E N D I
m
'< ft giTct yi pimteat )^tef tb«t fuch aa impoirttDt cimfe «t
diic jundfnra of affatrii on which our «// depends, (hould b^
forced on by any gcntlemen profclfing tliemfelvcs friend» xo'
tfaednMeofAinefic*, with fuch vehemence and f pi rit as u*
pears on the park of the ftate of Newyork : And (h«U only,
add, that if the matter be thus purfued, we ftand raady to ap-
peal to God and the world, who muft be accountable for.tho
awful con feauences that may enfm.
^* Sirntilat thUadd^bin tkii ts%J Jay ^/Sfptimier, A. D,.i 780.
V IRA ALLEM,
STEPHEN R. BRADLEY,
3*y
^' ■ N». VI. •
^tufiUus pripa/tJ h tit Cemmitttt t/ Ctngrtft to tbt Agtnti on iht
^^'/ tj ytrmtnt^ ■with tht Jinjtotrso/tht Agtnts, Auguft t8, 1 781.
0 a- .a A RE the boundaries fet forth in the written
Siuijtion ijt, 2\ propofitions delivered in by the faid Agents
at this time, claimed by the ftate of Vermont as the Jine^i of
jurifdiftioo, the fame as contained in the refolution of Coia-
HFefs of the 7th of Augud infUnt ?
Aii/mr. They are the fame, with the addition of part of the
waters of Lake ChampUini for the benefit of trade.
^ ai. What part do the people of Vermont mean to take
%i to the paft expenfes of the prefent war, and what aid da
they propofe to afford as to men and m«ney to the commor.\ '
defence r
J. Such proportion as (hall be mutually judged Cf^u'tabte
after their admiflion to a feat in Congrefs -, which has been at
feveral different times officially pnopded by agents on the part
of Vermont.
a g(, ^J, What are the ideas of the people of Vermont rela-
tive to the claim of private property, under grants or patents
from NewhampfhiijB, or lyewyork previous to the prefect
mvolmion p
A, Although the ftste of Vermont have not hitherto aU'
4hort'sed any courts to take cognisance of fuch cauies as re-
fpe^itles of lands, neverthcleCi they have had, dnd ftill have
it in contemplation to adopt fuch modes as the circumttancri
arifing out of each f afe m«y juftify, without adhenag to ttie
ftrift rules of law,
'"■ ^ 4/'^> What are the intentions of your conftiitients in re-
gard to the patents that were granted on conditions of fettle-
ment within a given time, and which have been prevented by
the claims of Ihapaopla of Vermont^ and the prefent revf-
hittoa? >:k«>
^-m *
^' '%.
^^^
* f.
.W
^ P If E N B I X>
^ 4*rj,|liA W^twfW J>»vo b^en Ukcn by *(h« (^9iie of VtrcMMit
,Ota,,fj||i|(ti^ijrfi)Bt»:ii|)r 1^ conditions of fet-
tlJBin^^ and we cdncoty^ it to be the intention of our con^t-
tll^U lof rapt f,furthe|r rcafonable tique for fulfiiinc <u^h
^ ^ti, WJMt f r» thof ■ ouii)ber of inhabitants within' the
}i9ll nttotioned Jn the woporitions above mentioned ?
$[^, As the citivens of Vermont have not been lately num-
bered, we can therefbre only eftimate them at thirty thoufand,
wi^ich we conceive to bg nearly a true eftimare.
f-^ 6iht What quantity of Und is contained within the faid
bounds ?
A, "there has been no accurate furvey of the Rate of Ver.
mont, but we conceive it to contain about five millions of acres.
. ^ ytb. What applications have been made either publicly
or privately by the enemies of the United States, or their ad-
iberents, to draw off the people of Vermont from their affec*
iion to the United States of America ?
[ J, The honourable committee are poflefTed of copies of
Bev. Robin fon's letters inclofed iif . Brigadiergeneral Allen's
letter of the 9th day of March laft, to ^be then Preftdent pf
Cfongrefs, and any private offers we cannot avouch for.
^ j^ 8//6. In cafe the enemy fliould attempt an invaAaii of
the northern frontiers, what aid at to men ana proviiions
rould be raifcd in the (late of Vermont for the public defence
fyou can fuppofethe invafion inadem different quarters) anfil
\ ji> whalt time ? . • < ^ • ^ , \ ^t } ,
( A» The numbet of militia within the lines herein limifcd.
9V8( fuM>ofe to be about feven thou(and ; are in .£eneral well
ftmea and accoutred, and have ever (hown themTelyes fpirit-
cdjn ca£i of alarms, &c.^ Jn regard to proviGons, the coun-
try is fertile, but new, amd cdnfiderable emigrations from oth-
er «ftates to Vermdnt.— The le^iQature at their fe($on in Oc-
tober left, levied a tax on the inhabitants fufficient for vi£lu-
alling one thoufitnd five hundred troops ui the field for twelve
months, and we are of opinion a larger ftore m4y be ii) the
i^ame manner colle£led the enfuing aututtw. *
>■<.
N«>. VII.
Aft Accftunt of tie rttuahli Proper ^jf^ and of the Nt^mhir of Jtibah"
\' itants in Fermont. at differ4m Periods of time*
BENNINGTON COUNTY.
lismssofiht Towns.
BenniniKton
Shaftibury
Value of the rstabh
property in the yea
1781.
^.11898 o o
gitS o 0
Valtio of the rats I Numb, of
bi<r property in ibvllnbsb. ia
year 4791. |i79**
^.ii6a8 18 o| 9977
10926 9 0
MM
f *
I
\ »
•latt
•^
.-%^
.*t
A P P E N b I
NiiMtaf ibtTowm
'O'
V&to; of tin ntftU*
property «oth»y««^ proptttyintbe
d«70
8503
2711
10
3
5
15
8469 iz
38 1(
1930 16
849 5
847 so
Ppwsal i .,i
Nianchefter
AtUngton
Rupert
.Poff^t
Stamford
Windhall
Bromiy <<t'>t^ •
, ,liLe«i.fi>3r0ogh
Woodford
Claftonbury, .
J^taadgrove
Tctal
^ e WINDHAM
Tiluedfl^
o
o
o t
o
9
o
o
e
433*
49*9
^.45.111 a 6 o \£.6A,Z
4016 15
i93« »«
9«4 o
•677 5
» 2.254
GuWcfford
^rattleborouzh
pWcftminfter
*'Putnfey
f Halifax
^'Rockingham
, Dummerfton
< Matlborough
' tVilmington
*Hinfdal«^
Ijl^wfane
Tbwtibnd
LoHdonderiy
Whitingham
" Athena
Thdmlinfon
Jamaica
Wardiboro* N. D.
Wardfboro' S. p.
Somerfett
Stratton
Johnfon's Gore
5836
4999
4083
4835
3509
3363
2970
tUi
18W
1869
1687
146a
886
693
44a
SCO
186
kit ■VAn N&
10
0
to
0
S
0
8
0
16
o^i
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
o'
Q
0
6
0
5
0
10
0
to
9
»7
Q
0
0
10
0
C O U K T V.
6717 no
5969 19 6
609$ 10 o
jSigt 10 o,
-4640 to o
483a 15 o
4978 o o
2676 • o
1908 o o
2597 o o
24^3 16 o
1560 10 o
»35« 5 o
iaji2 5 o
1422 15 o
063 15 o
1750 10 o
1009 15 o
a4t«
»5»9
i(wt
1309
1235
IfOt
099
483
270
itt
49
Total^ (;.4i>738 I7 o |iC'6'»a3» 9 ^ 1'7»69^ ^
'-'1*.,
.4
, v* .
W.i|»IDSOR
( 4085 3
COUNTY.
o I 6667 8
o I 5695 0
Namoi
•%•♦,
4
rf
^^
AK: B: F^ E^- 'N- D^'-ri- Xi-
|f«amefth»W0«nM.
*f
'.* ^ *^ Uvproiiertf la tlM| b1« pr^i^rty in the
t
VUot of the rata.
Hartford "
Woo<ift<ijck
Hartlan<l
C>i«Aor V
Tomirtt
Weathersficld
Bprnaid ■
Sharon
Koyalton
Cavtndifli
IVeailing
An^bvei^
Bciliel
Qridgewatar
Ludlow
biiUafb j -
S4o9khvMsp
^?^'.. i : Total
t*i '•
RiMtand I
Clatendbir-'
Tinipoulli^
r&liiet
ftuhney .■
«C Wells
^ ^tftletoli
Wallingford
Pituford
lei;
ShfewflMiry
Hirwick
Middletowa
Otwell
BMndo4
FafrhavQti
^uifon
Htfbbardton
Sudbury-
Chittenden
?i^i$eld ;^\
i>
9770 5
«549 »o
9139 10
1884 to
M9S o
ia79 to
1097- o
8^3 o
8>i5 o
502 o
358 ta
301 to
o
o
o
o
o
o
JO
o
o
o
o
o
Vahffrof Vli» i>ata>>tNti<T(6?of
yc«r 179X.
£» 4709 0 o^
54«» 9 •
^375 '5 o
3781 la o
4703 5 o
3182 15 o
4130 5. o
3000 15 o
3416 o o
3313 »5 o
157a 5 o
2001 O 9
990 5 o
t803 15 o
1106 o o
845 »5 o
Inhab. in
'a88
1652
1007
981
7«o
1146
' 673
747
«7S
473^
«93
2'5
X>g6,78t 7 6 |,C.63>a'5 *9 o I >5»748*
KUTI-AND COUNTY.
. -i ■
■Jt 1
fpb
. = 3975 «o 0
6324 10 0
r «w^
■' 4-
>? 374« 8 0
6083 • 0
1478
* :-
r 3507 5 0
4410 0 0
935
V r
3841 0 0
*\ a$07 5 0
44«6 15 6*
6038 5 0
I2b6,
145^^ .
i '•■;
«S96 5 0
4619 17 6
2089 0 0
ji2i;^ :
1390 0 0
«z».;
'
IS57 0 0
3386 n 3
80^:
1200 0 0
2087 2 0
$3<i;-
573 10 0
3411 IS 0
»s<^'; ' '•
*■•
51J 0 0
I220 1$ 0
3««; '
228 0 0
115; 10 0
38}
•bo 0 0
5<3 15 0
165
2984 f 0
699
2940 1$ 0
778
! i
«273 JO 0
6ih . ;
\
229; 8 0
|45^ ,.
658. s-
f '*'
2179 15 Q
*
1692 0 0
IG^2 10 0
W'r
,»' 4^
» ■
Mamci -
*
;»^\t
* »
A P P EN n I^ x.
m
PhilacieiphM
Medway
Killingto^
:nn, I
Valw 0f tbf m% V»l«t«f ;tlM .iitMl9aa*«iiC
Ilk prcftfmy i« iIm bk property io ib«|lnh«l». la
year S78t« ;. ytn »,f$U l>79**
Totali;f:»4,<;49 3
r.<)i.g44 t4 1
i
um
Wewbury
Thetford
fir<^furd
^«if<>rd
Corinth
B«rnet
Fiirlce
Ry<Qgate
Guildhall
Lunenburg
M»idftone
Peacham
Randolph
Bto<>kfie}d
Tuobridge
Vcrfhire
IVnyillo ,
\yilliamilown
firaimree
^^ john^ury
LMontpelier
Topiham
ik Cabot
WlUerlburg
Wamintton
firunrwick
Littleton
Lyndon
Concord
Dewey 't Gor«
CaUis
Groton ^
Northficid
Wheelock
Welden'i Gor«
L«taiingu>n
• "* . 'j% >
OR'ANCiE CaUNTY.j
«4J» o
30^8 o
«7l» o
sos8 o
«4>9 J
hf «o
lOjrt
9880
<9
6
id6a
S
0
1450
0
0
»349
15
0
1075
10
0
651
5
0
$08
0
0
4»7
0
0
4*6
10
0
365
0
0
2ao
0
0
214
10
0
v4-ik ><
i«:
%
0
$
»S
i4<|o 12
fot 15
719 •
Sjo o
1
11
*
» ■
-t^#<
e
o
o
o
o
o
o
»
II
p
o
o
9
o
o
6
ot
6
o
o
«, ■. 'J.:
86t
«4«
w7?R
8fs
4SI
4t7
MS
lit
7«
.-nil
.1
I
9f
^tnta
» 3
A"'^p p' K ^N n'li '■'x.k m^
Qreeaiborough
Roxkury
VfthM^f 'Mm
bte prafiertf in
Total
ibi
Vlh« Af fh« fata
bit property in the
vear tjtflv
»V'
\
Nuil0>i of
inhab. in
i79».
19
19
14
II
3
f*'"4954> '7 6 |^»3Z470 '8 'o 1 '^'^'<>
lS««rhaven
StmbMty
mm^H
lIllOMctoa^^
AMtfoo
Pefttibarf
"Willing f
V#Mnncil
MliilkWtou|h
IViybriidge
iMtoni ^
9ciflol '
ItNiftfton^
Haacock '
1 Jo'Jrtl
IS ON COUNTY.
,>^
/! f.ii.
/■
'A
33*4 «S
0
2939 5
2850 IZ
0 f
6
2422 11
0
2008 ■ 0
0
1985; 5
0
1915' to
0
»843 5
0
f
m''
»385 5 o
1053 10 o
940 16 0
859 o o
817 s o
785 o ,0
■ I
7*1
446
ftt
mf
4o<
491
l4j
left
'7S
Sib
\£' 25. "3 »9 6 I 6,449
CrilTTENDEN COUNTY,
CMrlotle
Wiltiacia
Soiith Hero
Mielburpe
Jericho'
Mteelbtirg
Cajmbrtdge
£fex '
Oiorgia
B»rHng^n
lUilton t
Sl> Albans
North Hero
(kUlchc flier •
2767 12 6
<535
2Z06 0 0
471
1979 5 0
637
1507 16 0
3«9
1728 5 6
381
1697 15 0'
444
•534 5 0
359
J 487 15 0
354
, ,- ,
1312 16 0
340
•
1258 0 0
III
104 1 0 0
914 0 0
256
878 10 6
354
569 »5 0
125
P^ 5111 10 0
•57
Mames
!,•'*■«% ^■■*;. V > ^ ;
' *" -
:- ;^-t: ^
• -■
/
^'
^ A p. P E U.:)mii :Xm 4i»
ifaMtif iltTMros.
Kewliuntiqgtali
Munmutotk
johnTon
Bolton
Middlefex
lae Mott
Allbui^
WaterbUrjr
$waoton
UndttrhiU
Wcftford
Waitc^etd
«t. 0«orgo
Ilcudiipr .
Huntfimrg
Hyderpars
StarkftoroQgh .
puxbury .
Wolcott
^* Huntington G
Moretown
Minden
danbridge trore
Bakersfietd
Blmore
Morriftown
TotalintheCotinty.
prop«ctyiadH.|««r
300 o
275 o
if 6 ,d
■ ■ -J' .
a
o
o
o
o
I 24,358 8 a
4<^r
I-
is
IS
19
I 7.3O'
Total in the State. ^,149,54.1 17 6 i;£'»324>796 18 ioiS5»si9^
The aboVe are the lifti whkh were giveh iri to ihe General
AfTembly, by the particular towns, in conforfliity to an aft o^
thelegiflature.-*-In computing the value of the lift taken iit
ij^t the pricei of fome of the capital articles were thus stat-
ed by the AITembly :-«»Improved land, ten (hillings per acre.
Neat tattle^ one yea- old, fifteen (hillings per head ;twQ ytifi
old, thirty (hillings per head ; three years old arid upwards,
forty (hillings per head : An ox^ four years old, and upward-v
three pounds. Horfes, on<i \ear old, c^venty (hillings; two
years old, forty (hillings ; thiee years old, and upwards, font
pounds.*^ As thele prices were fcarcely one half of the current
prices of ihcfe articles, the real value of the ratable propertjr
^li^.. r ^^^ ^^
''
I
4
ii - ^
4*«
Ik r t £ N D t %.
f
r
ii'tlM ttil^ auft kivft ta»B double •% i^lut wm M dbown in
IktUfMr It it MtoblftliirwM aUbUie (afe ^ith^tbe lini
tl^«if l» 1781.— BM iltHiaMgh neither dftl|ere li(ls njr^l give
tlil ekea vUuft^f'tiie iexM>nr property of the ftate, «t either
•I'thife Heriodif^ ttakr wil| give the loore^e^ V>f ithe reiiitrve
, irl&ie of Ihi treble propjerty at thpfe ttnies : Apd we <«ti
dAeily d^ifcefroM thenHj (hat from the ye|r lylr, the whole
tplpUbifal pi|DperNr o£ Vermqnt became d9ublBd, in eight yeaie
aim an hilK In Virginia] the period ak which the value of
thftlr lan<|a Una 'O^vea tak^n conjunftiy, dqubles, ii ftittejd lny
Ai^* JeSip'fiSo*'^ ^ abau(( twenty yeara.* '
^^fhe nunlben:4lf Ibwm reprefented in 1781, wa» fixty throe :
TBe.Munper repreifented tp 179 r, was one hundred and twen-
tf§Bt» Thofe towns whi^h are not taxed or reprdfented, do
<' air give in to the afiembljr any account of' their rat^^l^ prop-
1^ proper enumeration.' of the inhabitanto of Vermoi^t, wajl
fliade, before the ceiiffua taken in lyoe* 'The general e^im%*
9|6as of tfie aiTenblies ana agents belore thiiu time, were mere-
lv'eonjeAuraU'-»From a report, which Qovernor Tryon ojF
•C tlM>fe.foutttie9> Cumb^land, and Glouc^fter, were in Ver-
jafont ; aj^d contained the trad of country, "which lies oiy tb||
#1^ fidepf the green mountains, and is n^w formed into thp
counties ^f Windham, "Wlindlbr, and Orange. The Mi|imli|i^r
ff people in thote countie^ in the year 1771, was, as fioUtf^s \
j %Not«M«VirgJpia,p.i.8g^ ••■^' ' jr^^*,], j •"' '^*''
(WJiif
t^S»»J>:
ft 'i'-f'i
I^U^U
' fefW'JS
K.VS*;J Si
Whitet; ' '
I, (town IS
tlie lifti
^Ml givo
d w« c^
the whQlo
j^t ycatt
ftate4 ^y
xty throe :
atij twen>
r*6nt6(r, do
momit, waj|.
Ml eftim*.
vere mere..
Tryon oJF
|at94gif thjij^
>roeured ^
pee: Tw^
ttt in Vcr-
' into tfcp
B ttMhiber
A P F £ N 0 I X.
4U
Thefe two Counti#«,i^at %pt ti]lfie, ctffttainad ibOtt|4wo «liir4e vf the peo«
pie in the. whole diftrift. The %lrhoI« nuMbir of llUiabitante thefefore in
J771, muft have i>ee« about feven th6afind>-^ii.tlM CenAu takiea in 179s,
the numbers ftood thua :
Countiet/<^' ^
\ itflrN/.'o-t w'ia'W
A^ldifoo,
Bennington^
"Iphittendea^
Orange*
Rutland,
windfor,
Windham*
Page line for
58 II lahontau
61 30 eight
37 dele eight.
70 SI Amur
76 4 and
fot 9 Hquative
103 5 all
3S PJIniJtt
104 28 Laaxa
lia 13 Hibro
134 >o mode |v^,
i+i 31 fat ^^ *
iji 6 a4a|>ted
£ JC X
if r
if.
wad ^,„ , , ^^
Page
Ime for
read
labotttaii. ^
«S4.
»i band
mind.
eight teiithe.
ifid
9 to
for.
169
IS adapted
adopted*
Amim*
V96
fi have
l«avc.
■re, ..VI ,.VM.
24t
sa ^at
were.
■quatie.
«44
3a he
tbejr.
■ble. |.; . '.
»5»
10 fiee
th.M.
P^«*, ./.-■>..<
»7i
17 contreverfy eorrefpoDdenee.
Zaara. \,
a7»
5 brided
bribed.
3t«
8 refolution
T5 Ore
refolationa.
ocre.
forr, '** ^ 5' ,
$35
36 renew
revere.
adopted* if. ;^ : «->^
- $y»
b6 mote
none.
NAM£&
r> ,. .a 3i^/^ v.. ':r M-xmim ?^ d"^
t'i'i
Vk
ibir THJ5 SU?SC|tIBEH.Sr
irf '
^;4LU* S^NAjTORS tftBiVmriti STATES.
. H^WW^MI^ypHN MMW^. iN.Hamplhir.,
.i-^-tiv^ Ptitie Wing«e. . ; f . » J '^ ♦
OlwrHlfwortb. 1 Coni»aieW.roKA
Roger Sherman, J
iSS^^-w^'*^^^^* * copier 1 v«rii««^ '
Aaron,3urr, , copie< 1 N«S«70ifcv:.^&6
Jufm King, J ^ r ,^,|
• T , Knbert Morris. Pannii,
DeUwar*.
.•vH
i
t
«'.'.;
riohb Rutherford, ; *"T'*^;
Robut Mortis, Pennl;lvamb ,,,„,„-„,., ^
|!2i'^R*it' 1 '"'•«'•• •;^
ohn Henry, Maryland. , . , <. -CI
)i • copi
• J
SSh&* "^^P^ jSouthcaroUrtii.
lam Few, Georgia. .|4.«,.^r;':^ ,^'.
[fimc* Munroe, • copies, Virgifiia. t^,j,v5{
1 n^Oc^^l
■:.'ii
V U R M O N T,
Hit Ixeellenoy Tbomu Chittendert, 6ovtn)or.
it Exeellenoy i Domu
The Honoutable Peter Olcott, Licutenantgovemor«
^he Honourable Tunothy Brownron,
iv SaoBucl Safford,
John Stronff,
Kbeneaer WalbridgOi t a cop.
[ooathan Arnold, a copiei,
raul j^rlgham,
Ibenwar Marvin,
>«ot f«)k^. t>uke Knowlton, f copief,
> ,^ .Jtbeom Porter, , ;, , , ^i^, .
n ;io J
a
i ^.'4/..J,^^l
► Counrellori^
The
I- i
SUBSCRIBERS* NAMES. 413
^ni«lF^onbu^rai)lel5imuM Mattock "
Rofetv«ll Hopkins, £rq; Secretary of State.
Jofeph Fayi Eiq; Secretary to the C»bvemor and Coun-
cil. . •
The Honourable Gideon Olin, Speaker of the Houfe of Rep*
^ - feferitatives, 3 copies. '
, . '>■ ' { % "-iSaniuel Knights, Chief Juftict of the Supreme
^ Court.
^^<|m«B; J^tijih Pain^ Juil ice of the Supreme Cdurt*
If^ac Tichenor, Ju (lice of the Supreme Court.
.,^'*v^ fjath. Chipman, Judge of the Diftrid Court,
2 copies.
Samuel HitchcAck, Elq; Atterneygeneral.
A.
Aaron Adam«.>-
Jeremiah A<^ams* •
£iiwar<t Aiken. ^
Joleph Allen.
Siamuel i0.iA4lei».^ > •^'''^
James Allen, *
Caleb Aliin.f" '^Ji* -
Rev Jonathan Allen.
Majorgeneial Ira Allen*
Levi Allen. • . • '
William Alyord, t.
Pr. Abel Alli8,ji '■'■'•
Robert Ah^caffctr. '^'' "*^ ^
Reuben Atwaterj £fq.
Capt. EliihaAveril,
JElijth Ayery* v« 1 '
o, ' •■II
iohn Benedift.
iofes Bennett.
Alfred Bingham.
Silas Bingham.
Solomon Bingham.
Elijah Blake.
John W. Blake.
Rev. Enoi Blifs.
Charles Boyle. .
Jofeph Bradford,
Ifaac firevoort.
John Bridgman, Efq.
Rev. Aaron Jordan I
Samuel Brown.
Profper Brown.
Bryant Brown, Efq.
Ebenezer Brown, Efq.
Eliflia Brown.
Booge.
Benjamin P. Baldir tti* ^* iH Daniel Buck, Efq.
-- * Kajor ElJM Buel.
Thomas Bull.
Frederic Baldwin,
William ftaker.
Titley Ballard^ — .
John Hao^rofU. )^#i
Kev. Thomu Barnard. '^'
Jonathan Bftrrett.
Thomas Barrett*'* * < -
John Barron.
Dr. Prefcott Barron.
Frye Bayley, Efq.
'ohn G. bayley, Efq.
faac Baylev, Elq.
Joleph Bayley. ' '
^muel Beach.
i
Moody Bedel, Efq. t - <
Jonathan £ell| Elq. t coplef* Abbe Ca4y«
Abxahtm fiurnham, Efq,
John Burnam.
Benjamin Burt, Efq,
Jonathan Burt.
c y
Jofeph Cable' <
Doftor Jofeph Caldwell.
Dr. Alex. Cfampbell, a copiat.
Dr. John Campbell.
Matthew Carey, 12 copiea.
Philip Carigain.
BiflVf Cafe.
Lotiden Cafe*
Nathaniel
|t| S^a](^]^jpC»lfEH^ NAM«».
Nathaniel Chamberlain*
William Chambedain.
Cf rdtier Chandler, £rq»
JetTe Chandler.
ThoAiaa J«< Chandler*
Ifaac Cliarterton.
Pf. Cyjrtta ChippiaA.
Danijei Ch'iptatPf Efq.
Daritii CfkipmaA, Ed^,
Lemuel C^rpmtn, Eia.
Ibhrt €hipmin. Efq.
oamuel Chipman, Efq.
Col. James Claghotn.
Sleazar Claghofli, %(a,
Jofeph Cla.k. '
Oaiaa Clark.
John Clayton.
Edward Clifford.
Capt. John Cobb.
Samuel Cobb.
,1
Rev. Daniel Vvtwm* I
Daniel Ferrand, fifa^,. .., .;
David Fiik. _,H H.-.5
John Fiwhi Efq. M , ,.uJr
^*^ M»lUD.ro«*ft.EA|;ji^^,^
JabeeFotter. ;j .^.j^i
Rev. Robert Fowlf. a nitof
\
.•.■s'jtn^.*t2
1 '.'^>
Col. John FuHer
C.
Jonu Galu(ha, Br* •
Elijah Garfield.
Jonathan Gatei.
wiUeby Goodwin.
Nathaniel Gove. .^
John A. Gralum, Efii. i ^^
Afa Gravoi. _s
£rigadid)-gen). Eli Cdgf^ell, Benjamin Graen, Bff» ..uocJl
Wiliiaro Coir.
John Cook.
Caleb Cooley;»
Stephen Cdolidge. '
OwM Crampton.
Samuel Cutler, jKfd;
Tohn Curtit. "*
Zebina Curflt.
D.
Eyra Dean.
iVilliam Denifon.
Xlijah Dewey, Eri|,
Ormond Doty,
felec Dougtaiff.
Moles Dow, Efq.
Tafon DuncaD*
Ilaac DuflFs.
Jofiah Dunhani, t a copier
Ifaac Griseb.
Nathaniel Green, ISt^
Sylvanua Greg«H7t
"" " " , Bf
».. ,, - ■'.'»>!.
J«bnGrifin,Bf4« ^A Ho3«l
H, -■•' ".!/'
Nathan Hate, ||k. /;
Lot Hall, B%. i Mpiit(t6^bf.
Joel Hamill^. jih.kw
Dr. Z. H||iniltoa« \ Aui\i
feHal4l% 1 • fcopiti* IV I iJ
ekiel Harmon.
Joel Harmon « ^^
William C. Harrington, £0^,
Alex. Harvew, Bfn. s copies.
Or. Aacoo HaOalnji. » '
Anthony Hafvrel^ la copt^
Reuben Hatch.
9i^\
lalmon Dutton, £l<j. ^copjef. WilKam Havendnm*
* Jofeph Hawtey,
Col. Udny Hav.
Rev. Lenuet M«yn«««
William Henaefy.
Benjamin Henry.
Frederic Htll, Efq.
Moies Hinman ^
^^Bia l^itch^ooh*
£.
J(iMc Ellis.
IPeier Kvant.
Zadoc Even ft.
James Eno«.
James Enos, jun.
jvfajorcrnrral Ro|^er EiiOI<
James Ewing, Ef^
H^in
M?.'
P«vi4
sWj^^eiLiituS^'n'kMri 4i|
■(■<:
fct.
,. f"
0»vidHoit. '
Elijah S. Hellfftdf:
Jefl^e HoUtfter.
Seth Holt.
^John Hopkini.
Lucius HublNud, MS%»
John Hubbard.
Jonathail H. Hiibbard» E^
Arad Hunt, £(^>
lohn Hunt, £r^.
John Hurd,Eli|. it co|Hei«
Richard Hurd.
Robert HultQM*
Aaron Hufoht»roii, Efa.
Stephen Jacobs, tX^
Leonard Jew4tt.
A fa Johnfon, EH).
Col.ThWMi JoHnlba.
Ferea Jones,
Ebeneser W. Judd, Sfifi
Bradford Kelk»g|,
Rev. Dan Kent*
Jacob Kent. i
Col. Stephen Keyeib
William Kilburn.
Nathaniel Kingflty.
Aar0n Klunnin^ '
Ephraim Kirbvi Efa.
Elijah Knight.
Calvin Knowlton, Zt%,
Rev, Nathaniel Larabertr
Luther I<angd<Mi.
Reuben Langdon.
Samuel Laibvopi Ef^
John Law, Efq.
Jefle Leavenwortir, 3 copief,
George Leonard.
William Levcrett.
Bertah Loomit, Ef<^
Elijah Loirett.
JohaLovett, Efe|.
C0-ncliu8 Lynde, Ef^
Rev. Afa Lyon.
James Lyon,
Col. Matthew Lyon*
: i-.j*
4
\l-'
Samud McClue^»','>
Afa McFarland."
John M«Nei), Sfew
Jeremiah Mafon, R^
Joel Marfli*
Nicholas S. Af afters, >£(^« 'r
Capt. Ifaac Meachas». . c'
Moulton Mbrey, ,E^. %'
Brigadiergn). LeW. R^MORifk
James Moffe^ .
Conftant Murdoolt,' »'
Beniami|i iAuztj^ '-■■
W. Mynderfe.
N.
John Nantottw
Nathan NeKon^
Oliver Noble.
O.
David Okka.
Eliai Oleott« E(^
Henry Olin.
lonathan Ormfly.
>iMathan Ofgpod^ g «opiM^
Jofiah Page.
lienjamin'Paine.
Amafa Paine, Erq.
Gamaliel Painter, Efl^.
Col. Stephen Pearl,
Chauney Pier.
William Pik«.
John Pomroy.
Afa Porter, Efq*
Benjamin Porter*
Dr. Esekiel Porter^
John Porter, Ef^ ,
ofeph Porter, jun#
lofewall Poft.
Dr. Cefttias Prendfi.
Samuel Prentifii.
Nathaniel Prefon.
Jofeph Prince,
Martin Reed.
Dr. Daniel Road.
Stephen Rice.
Amos Richardrom
Joftut
/T
■7/
- ■ . »
Joflxui Ricker« .'.
*fohn Ripley.
Fhineas Ripley.
Chriftopher Roberts.:
Jod Roberts.
Hon. Jeffs Root.
William Round.
S.
Silas Sa^ord, £rq,
Pavid $anderron«
A^^jor James Sawyer..
Col. ThoOias Saw>'«r. , '
Andrew Selden, £iq.
Jofeph Selden.
Aaion Sexoa.
David Sheldon. .
Nathaniel Sheldon*
Samuel Shepardfon. :
John Shumway, Efq.
Rev. Samuel Shutttdwofth.
Walter S1om«
Jacob Smittt. \ \^,
John Smitli* ' .
Joiyithan Smith. ^
Ifaac S(bith\ Efq.
Jfrael Smith.
Simeon Smith, Efq.
Prince Soper, . >
Col. John SpalFord.
Simeon Speoepr.
Eliakim Spooivsr, Efq.,
Trunatj S^uier.
John Stacey.
Alias Steven^i
Abjah Stone, Efq.,- .
David St9ne.
Phineas Stone*
William Storer.
Seth Siorrs, ^(q. .
Cliiptnan S\A>)ft, Efq. ,
T'
Mansfield T'P^uii > copies.
AU\ fenny.
Eiilba Thayeri.
Rev. Lathrop Thomfon«
Thomas Thomfon*
Stephen Thorn.
Timothy Todd.
Thomas Toleman.
Col. Oran)te Train*
NahumTraflc. , •
GeorfM Trimble.
Tureli'Tufti.
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JamM Underhill..
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Siamuel Walker.
Samuel Ward.
Asel Wa(hburii#
Calvin Wehb.
lehiel WebK Efq*
Dr. Jofhua Webb.
Noah Webfter. Efq. .
Jabes H.Weld.
Shiptoy. yVeUl.
ElijaTiWeft.
Jedcdiah \Vert. ' ' *
Eli Wheeler,
A fa Wheelock, Ef^*
John White, E(q.
Nathaniel White.
Dr. Samoel White.
James Whitelaw, Bfq. t cojt*
Rev. Sapucl Whiting.
I^cnjamin Whitman.
John Whitman.
Brigadiergenl. Dav. Whitney.
"ohp Whitney.
ames Whitley.
emucl Whitney.
Richard- Whitney, Effj.
Elias WiJlard, jun.
Sx'nuel Wtliiam?, Efq. <
Di\ JaiAcs VVhitherel.
Enoch Wopdbrjdge, Efq.
]<i[eph Woodward.
ElcaVer Wright.
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