Hay and pasture crops for Saskatchewan [microform]

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MICROCOPY RiSOUiTION TBT CHART

(ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No. 2)

A APPLIED \M/V3E I

^^ 165 J East Main StrMt

S'JS RochOTter. Nnr York U609 US*

■^g (716) 482 -0300 -Phone

^B (716) 288 - 5989 - Fox

(I

fi^A l»-^-

!*•

UNIVERSITY OF SASKA^^^Jif^
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTbS^rT^

HAY and PASTURE CROPS

FOR SASKATCHEWAN

College Herd on Mixed Pasture.

By

JOHN BRACKEN, B.S.A.
Professor of Field Husbandry

Saskatoon. Saskatchewan 1916

•♦•i .

FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE

IVilliam John Rutherford. B.S.A., Dean and Professor of Farm M.nagc-

T^ohn'Bt'/l.^^'^i".?"!' ^•'"' ^'■°'"^°^ °^ Agricultural Engineering.
John Bracken, B.S.A., Professor of Field Husbandry. ^

Thomas Nathaniel Willing, Professor of Natural His'tory.

Robert Dawson MacLaunn, Ph.D., Professor of Chemistry.

Samuel Earl Greenway, Director of Extension Work.

John L. Hogg, Ph.D., Professor of Physics

Archlh U p"T''; Iv'?^" ^'^^^^^^-^ ""^ ^^"^'y^'^-J Chemistry.

N rtan WH^^^^^^^ ?-'•' "^T'" '" ^"^''^^ ^'^ Mathematics,

niorman Wright \ .S., Lecturer in Veterinary Science.

Raymond K. Baker B.A., Professor of Poultry Husbandry.

gin^rif; ' ^•'•^•' ^^^'^^^"^ ^^"^^^^- °^ Agricultural En-

Garnet H Cutler, B.S.A., Professor of Cereal Husbandry.
Abigail DeLury, Director of Women's Work

Waltr P ?r"'"''' ^tJ^^ ^^^"'^"^ P^°^"^°^ °f Physics.
Walter P. Thompson, Ph.D., Professor of Botany.

Alexander M Shaw, B.S.A., Professor of Animal Husbandry.

Kenneth G. MacKay, M.Sc, Assistant Professor of Dairying

W. H. Jaffray T.sdale, B.S.A., Assistant Professor of Animal Husbandry

Daisy Harrison, Lecturer for Homemakers' Clubs. ""^''^"dry.

Norman Ross, Special Lecturer on Horticulture.

J. S. Dexter, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Zoology.

John Strain, B.A., B.S.A., Instructor in Agriculture.

UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN

W.l.cr C. Mu„.,-, Pr..id«u ^W. J. R„.k„,„,, d..„

HAY AND PASTURE CROPS

FOR SASKATCHEWAN

FieJd Huibandry Circular No. 14

By

JOHN BRACKEN, B.S.A.

Professor of Field Husbandry

College of Agriculture

Saskatoon

TL. . INTRODUCTORY

of wSr.nd7hTit.i j!t"5rc',^^^^^^

lowering the acre y°iK oSXIH '^'?«l' "*" fro»t, a/e not^S;

of danger f"m°t'heSJt^^'if"'m''° '°"**.^'T ^^^^ ^ !«"« the risk

Sf'fZf-' ^r ^W. -u« be doTe' aTr« a'cf '" ""^ ?««! of X

of farming bv a more diversified oSe and f2?i? ?' ''°' *=~P •y»t«'»

Diversification in cropping and' thiTnVl «V r "^"^ '?°''« ^»^e stock.

the danger from drought and frost *"¥. °"*?°« 'oils and in lessening
maintenamce cost to the farmer f?f;«^^ do. these at a very im2l

eM^^^^^^^ these c^o^nSs', ^^^^\- ^X^^^

the ^rli'^ t'^^^^^^^^^^ '- * ^^^"^ o'

to ».inTa^all%^r^^^^^^^ must take step,

trol weed, and to%rev«t ^oU "driftSg » "°'^'' « '^>» time. ^'c^S

dri4%^„-3 irSe^^^^^^^^^ weed, and .oi,

•gnculture by diver.ificatioS^ of croP. ^ nd '?fc ""' "^ Permanent
¥?^\°n our farm.. P* *°*^ the more general u«e of

d.uiV?hV2J.rm^V^^^^^^ and the .pacific '

conation, and mu.t,%herefU' be d«erlw"bv t?"^ "°^^^ *^'^'««
At Uu. time in our .gricultSal ^^^^^ fe pfaTtii: ifJv'.'

(3)

(*)

•lood the test of time arc available. They have yet, very laraelv to
*em'out°^ ^^" ^"'"'" '"'^ '^' Experiment ^Sta'tion^mu?t i'ork

«» til!* purpose of th.s circular is to present some information concern-
»g the su.tab-l.ty of the different hay, pasture and soiling crops to
Saskatchewan conditions, in the hope that our experienci may be
fcund usefu to men who realize the short coming, of our present .tstem
«nd are seeking to build up a better one. »y«cm

FORAGE CROPS

-f Jhlu' broadest sense "forage crops" include all crops any portion
•f which may be used as food for animals. As generally used ho w-

^on's ml°v"h"°' t'-f \^-' "-"«"»"te8" or threfhedgSn" Forage
«rops may be subdivided into: *

(1 ) Hay crops-the small strawcd crops that are cured by drying.

^ Soil nT "°P^-^»?°«« harvested by the animals themselvel

Soiling crops or "green feed"-crops cut green and fed to

animals in the fresh succulent condition.

Root crops— those crops the roots of which are used for

animal food.

Ensilage crops— these preserved in a succulent condition by
the exclusion of air, and

Fodder crops-the roughage from threshed grains, grasses
and legumes, and from dry cured corn stalks
These notes will refer in some detail to the hay and pasture crops
«nd but very briefly tc soiling crops. ^

Perennials, Biennials or Annuals?

^1^^^" ,f '"'-«['^ conditions long-lived or perennial crops do not
peld as well as the shorter lived annuals and biennials. This isex-
flained b, rhe fact that much more frequent opportunity to store
S^ni;SZVTJ°P plant food is given In the cYse of inUals and
^niab than yvith a crop which hves several years. At the same time
we must keep in mind that perennial crops cost less to produce, since
Acre is on charge for soil preparation, seed or seeding, after the first

It is our opinion that in the drier portions of the province greater
.nance must be placed on the short lived crops than on the lonl lived
-J^lnto . *"•*"" "c essential for such permanent or semi-per-
manent pastures as it may be found advisable to use. We have insuffi-
^ .ln?t-° ^^^""^'"^ ;^hich is the more profitable, even under our
«rn conditions. It would seem, however, that we should plan to get

fn„t .1^' 'P"?^ pasturage, some hay, and a reserve pasture for

iin^ "^ wl " "°'''. when the annual crops may not be ready for pa°-
tonng. Where weeds or driving soils are serious a larger proportion
•f perennials is desirable The more humid the district the morS
«ccessful perennials will be, the drier the area the more annuals mul?
U depended upon. The proportion of each must be determined by the
cEmatic conditions and the system of farming followed

CULTURE UNDER DRY CONDITIONS

in growing grasses, clovers and alfalfa, there are «ev..r«l «, .•
now quite firmly established in Saskatchewarthat hX .^^^^^u"

in crop yields, a heavv "nur*^ rZrs'' ■ , '""'^^/'^t."* "m'ting factor

likdihc«d of their liv?ng ;" er thVA" -.on'^ot the yc^r""s«^^^^^ '"'
preferab^ i„ the e.rl/p.,,, ha. bc,n,oVdJ"t,u^^^S>''"'''°''
Dnllmg, rather than broadcasting the seed, is the .eneril r..l.

condjt^ns necessary for germination are conTro5i;rmuch%e";t;rby

PERENNIAL CROPS

tl.- o K ^. *". P/'^^f^ crops that live longer than two vears anH

Leading Perennial Cropi for Hay and Pasture.
S

k.v.'*b«J'l'.''f„iL\~ " *"'""*° '''"'°« ""■ " '^' «"« '•»' y""

P«r«nnUI Hay Cropt

yaru,y ,9,2 ,„3 „„ „„ ^^^J' ^^^'^

Alf.lf.. 5847 3037 2985 2384 3563*

Wettern Rye Graw 6300 259S 2283 2025 3301

BromeGMM.. 7400 2032 1733 1733 3234

Kentucky Blue Grass 3150 2867 390* 1658 2016

l'S%^y -JMO 1669 1930 1225 1906

x^^7°^^ ^^ ^766 936 1158 890

Meadow Fescue 3660 1391 726 858 1659

•Poor Stand.

.,. L'^? ^^^ D* ^^/ii'" '^ I' ''^^ apparent that our best perennial crops
ire Western Rye Grass, Brome grass and Alfalfa. ^

WMtarn Ry« GrsM (Agropyron tenerum), is a hardy, perennial
drought resistant native ^rass. Owing to its short root ^;tS?k. anJ
more or less bunchy growth it is known locally as one of the "bunch"
SdT;atl!.r",tfff"?"?'K»P"**'* ^^.''"' K*^'"8 relatively few leaves
•p^e or held "'* '"*^ '' ""'*^'^ '" ^^^ form of.

:... ^?"5'"" Rye «« one of the best grasses for general use in the Prov-
ince. It IS essentially a hay grass, but is often used for pasture. For
the latter purpose, the quality of the pasture is much improved by

.■i

MA^^^

Field of Weitern Rye]Gratt
6

"r«Mth.''* "' "'" " •""" "'""""' "' *""'•■ Kentucky bl„,

"°.t i„d onlvT.V,'-^ •'" "" " r '""■""■"d-d in thTmo?. S
Brome Grass is jometimes sown in a mixture wJtK oKoU- -.i.

L'."h'"l^r„"':L'n"'i.",3 Cd""i'.""^ '/'•' '■" ri"« "«°^ ""-

i^^r„lid";"*5fe''-— ^^™ «- - 'hf S'- rn.-5

Kentucty BIu. G,.« (Poa pratensi,), U. nwt to Bromc gra..,

7

one of the best to use in mixtures where pasture is desired. It has
creeping root stocks and forms a close, dense mat on the surface of
the soil. Ordinarily it does not grow high enough to give a good yield
of hay. It should seldom be sown alone, even for pasture. When
sown with Western Rye or Timothy, it increases the pasture value of
these crops. It starts earlier than most of our other grastcs, and con-
tinues to grow as long as the moisture in the soil permits. Being shallow
rooted, its growth is seriously checked by proh .^eu periods of drought.
It 18 eagerly sought for by animals and is of high feeding value. When
sown alone, 18 to 20 pounds of seed are used per acre.

Timothy (Phleum pretense), is a hardv perennial grass, but one
that is unsuited for dry areas. It is a "bunch" grass, having a shallow
root system, and does best on heavy soils in humid regions. It makes
excellent hay for driving horses, but is not a good pasture grass except
for use in mixtures. It is grown in parts of northern and eastern Sas-
katchewan, but there are few places where Western Rye does not sur-
pass It in yield. The most favorable repots concerning this grass
x?*"*. .?r"^ ^"^ Kerrobert and Moose Mountain districts and from
North Western Saskatchewan.

The ease with which seed can b? secured, its relative cheapness,
the reputation of the hay for feeding to driving horses, and the adapta-
bility of the crop to the heavy soils of the moist areas, are reasons for
Its popularity. In its favored climate it is often sown with Red Clover
and Alsike for hay, tl e fields to be used later for pasture. The clovers
have not demonstrated their usefulness here yet but alfalfa might very
well replace them in this mixture in Saskatchewan. A small amount
of timothy seed is often added to the hay cr pasture mixture even in
the drier parts. When sown alone 6 to 10 pounds of seed are used
per acre.

Red Top (Agrostis Vulgaris), is essentially a low land pasture
grass. It IS suited to wet acid soils and to low Iving vallev lands. It is
a hardy perennial having a cre^'ping root. It', too. forms a close sod
which stands tramping well. 1 he growth is generallv short and thick,
llie, pasture is liked by all kinds of stock, but is not so palatable or so
nutritious as Kentucky Blue. Alsike and White Clover are some-
times used with It for pasture. Western Rye and Timothy are also
often mixed with it to give bulk to the pasture or for hay. Red Top
should seldom be sown alone but if this is done 15 pounds or more of
seed should be used per acre.

Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis), is used both for hay and
pasture. In the drier parts it does not yield well. In moist seasons
it compares favorably as a pasture grass with Western Rye but in dry
ones It IS not productive. It is very much inferior to Brome for pas-
ture. It is a hardy perennial, but not drought resistant, and produces
a fair yield the first year, but succeeding crops are often disappointing.
l*or this reason it is not popular and when used it is in mixtures with
other standard sorts. When sown alone, 20 to 30 pounds of seed are
required to sow an acre.

•1 ^'?'^* (^^edicago Sativa), is better suited to the climatic and
soil conditions of Western Canada than any of the other legumes. Re-
cent experimental work has demonstrated that it can be grown oa
almost any soil and in practically every part of the present setUed
portion of the West. It is a drought resistant perennial and certaia
• varieties are very hardy. It gives good yields when properlv cared for
and the quality of the forage is unsurpassed. It makes an excellent
soiling crop and furnishes good pasture for all classes of stock. It is.
however, in common with clover and rape, apt to cause bloating, unless
pastured with care. Animals should not be allowed on it when hungrr
nor when It IS damp or frosted. Serious losses have occured witk
catUe and sheep from this practice. The greatest value of alfalfa ic
m Its use as dry cured fodder or hay.

The type that has been found most satisfactory is that havint
variegated blossoms. The best variety of this tvpe is Grimm. Othw
good ones are Cossack, Baltic and Ontario Variegated. The yellow
flowered type recently introduced is very hardy and may yet be found
to have a place here. Most of the purple blossomed sorts are too tender
lor our winters.

Land intended for alfalfa should be free from all creeping rooted
grasses, since these are among the crop's worst enemies. A stand of
alfalfa can best be secured by sowing it after a hocdcroporonsummer-
1 allow, but fall or spring plowing well worked down is quite satisfactory
on all except very light soils and in very dry areas. Under these con-
ditions it 18 desirable that alfalfa be seeded after a fallow or hoed cropt
Ihe seed should be sown early in June, at from 2 to 15 pounds per
tcre, without a nurse crop, Inoculation is generally necessary ani
always advisable. A crop is seldom taken the first year, but the plantt
are usually clipped back in order to destrov the weed growth.

No cultivation should be given after seeding the first year. It is
desirable that a growth of 10 to 15 inches be left to hold the snow and
protect the young plants during their first winter. In the following
and succeeding springs, surface cultivation with disc and harrows is
commonly practised, the purpose being to form a mulch to conserve
moisture and to aid in keeping down grasses and weeds.

The first crop should be cut when about 5 to 10 per cent, of the
plants are m blossom, or immediately after the new sprouts appear
at the base of the plant. Two crops are often taken in one year and
occasionally three have been secured. In the drier areas it is porl>-
able that one crop is all that should be taken, since it is advisable tm
leave a considerable growth for winter protection, and this cannot
be expected from a second crop. In the more humid sections of the
W^st, two crops are generally taken from "dry lands" and three from
irngated lands each year.

Alfalfa IS not suited to short rotations because of the high cost of
the seed and the difficulty of plowing the alfalfa sod.

Native Gi-aaaea.— The native grasses are largely used for har
and pasture in all new districts. "Prairie wool" and "Slough hay"
constitute the greater part of the forage used in the early history flff

Championship Field of Alfalfa, On Farm of Nicholl Bro... .t Sint.lut.

cularly after slough hay has been frn^pntlf^f- '^"'^ "P^' *"*^ ?"«»"

native hay usually includes in aHH^^Ln'/ *^"^"^ '' ^"^ P°°''- The

of native legumes S?nc"easlth?n°?"'^"°"^ ^'""/^' * °"*ber

thus greatly improvinHt in qualftvATC;; '°1?"' °^ /^^ '^^^°^<^'

hay is abundant\here1s usua?MUt^e n^ed ?o7,n' '^' '7?'^ "I °*^^«
B als. When cut at tl,l r;»ul .• j ^"'^ sowing cultivated peren-

1. Western Rye 8 lbs. Brome 6 lbs.

Western Rye 10 lbs. Kentucky Blue 6 lbs
Western Rue 10 lbs. Timothv 3 lbs.
J estern Rye 10 lbs. A'^alfa 3 lbs.
Brome 8 lbs. Alfalfa 5 lbs.

Timothy 5 lbs. Alfalfa 5 lbs.

10

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7. Western Rye 8 lbs. Kentucky Blue 4 lbs Alfalfa 1 Ih.

:« f Sy tlterbeTp-s^fr^- ^"" - «-- - ' ^^^s?.

We,t^°.: ^°| p"<iom^^^^^^^^ which

be found best for pasture. On some suitable soils in this area T?m,»Jfcl
»»y «Pl«e a part or all of the Western Rye Timothy

.hould b. increased .„d thralS, omittd °' "". ""'" "°'"

.nv,ro„m.nt on parts of the province where they have not v«b^i
e«tn Ja'Tat'chewao!^ '" '° ''" "» "'"^ -" "« '" "o'tU'^Tt
Tl,, R • , BIENNIAL CROPS

^^nS¥rV" -- — ^^^^^

kre not h»rX d'^"«-'»V^'"'l*°'' *"^ ™°" "drains of red and dsik^
are not hardy enough to live through our winters Their h«f .... ,*

tenter s- r.f 'is^trk^^£B^
^^ ?o7hSpxr-t u^i^etn;Lb-f S

Sever be £tT=l'° '?™ Pf"""'" pastures.' These crop, .h^U

BO? . ~»i ^?"°^' "xT^y relatively few leaves. It is a "°«ume '» bS

clover "falftlnd otwT^'^'" '' ^' •''^^ P°'"' '" «=°^™on witk
cioyer, aiJalla and other legumes, when noculated with suitahli. h»r
teria, to gather nitrogen from the air. suitable bac

11

sheave, o. A.. Oc. .. s.« C.., .. ... P... o, Re. Co.,

coarst>rd^?r:„Je"o?Sit^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^-"^-s It i. bitter,

punty in Alfalfa seed, and in waste pa« tl' k^' '° •'"*=°"»« «° i"*-

Among the redeemine auJit;^! K c ™*^. ^«<=ome a weed,
ability to the climate, econd its h;*^,, ^T"!' ".^^'•' "•""'u^"^' >'» ""i^-
nul character; fourth it is a '"legume ^°f^J^^'^*^°««5 third, its bien-
intertilled crop, and sixth it Hn!f n .- '. ** ™*y b« grown as an
to drift and wtre other forage cro^sof?" '°"'' ''^V "« ^^^^l^^^d

Sweet clover grows nearlv a nl?„.^ k r ^° ""^^ P°°'^y-
remains gre. a for'a month after Tn W^in'tT "f "JP *?^ •^^'^^'-^^^
senously ,n ured by spring or fall frostl Tt • ^* '*"' ^^ " "eldom
to the short growing season and the se'vere t" * "°^ Peculiarly suited
Western Canada. At Saskat^n Sw/et h ^^"'P"?^"'-* conditions of
has yielded more than any oS fZttl """' '^^'^^ ''^^^ ''' rows,
corn during the last two seasons ^ "°P' '°^ '"^'^^^^ '"O" than

year.'\Xs"mTbreittr7fst:[te" '""^ J V ^"^ ^'^'^ ^he first
following year the iirTcJpT'Lf.i^' ^V^''^^^^^ as desired. The

of June, and the second crSo the atter «-*''* t ^"' '£•* '«"" P*"

second, a possible hay crop if cut ^LlJ lu- 7° "*'°" Pasture crop;

which, either alone or mixed with wLtt 'Rvi'o;^^^"*^'*^ '^^T ^^°P
value. If use can be made of tL o<^, ^ ^"^ .^°™' '"'^^ *' found of
intertilled, thic metho? of grow^' '^^[f.^if^rM^ fj-O'" the wide row,
under semi-arid conditions. ^TwHl a th^^^'^ •' ^^""^ '^«^ ^est
of the desirable effects of an interSled ctop.'""" '""' P'°^"" *'°'^«

12

plant S, alfal "".cd"Sg c«tr« and r?7.h« ""'k" ""^"i"'''«
If th-T.','.' "'""l ''" ""'"y S"""" qnalititi and some Vf ry bad one.

ANNUAL CROPS

rhi\!l^ ^""".'^^ *",*^ "*^^" ^l»« l*n«J the leM peas should be used

cron TK 1 ^^^^ .*'»<^ •»» therefore, of more value as a cleaning

early maturing, beardless varieties, such as "Success," whichTs hulled

13

i«,X"t": '•" "*'■'" "•"'"•-" ">■'"■ i- M hull... ,.d B.„d.

r:.' fr i'/.i, i"/r 'Ei-ojj '"""'^^^' ■?"'*'"-• " .';ss

h.y but none °r"Mdr for u,7,. ,. I 'f"P'. J"'". » bMMr qu,|f„ of

early enough rye can be oaZred lio.l.Hr^'"l "",",«'"• When .own
•pring. When green U wM S Zl'^^,!" 'h '?" " "'" "• '" ^k'
only immediately after m ii"e tim^ T .h°' u ';'' ""'' °°'"' '«''

except o£ lllht^.o!,:. "■Sn^th^e^e^i-tTa-y b'e 'fou^t"ef!;f ifhSy" °'-'

Leading Annual Crops for Hay and Pasture

only fo? fo"ge''p"u%o"e""""Sriri''" '"."''""" C"><1» «« u.ed
drought resistantf aSd very ,eList?v;^^;f'l '''°''"'' '"«' J'''"'",
wow.slowlvin thecoolsoH^fitX ' ' j" ""nP^atures. The)!

frosts. They are nM Dom.l/r f '^ I "^ ""^ '" "»"'' billed bv fall

and 'Varm dimate" crops'^" Thev are usJd""" ""J "'^^"= ""■»">'
substitute for other forLe that L^^i " '"tch crops" or crop, to

yield on fallowed land aTsSkltrn" '?bru"tTou l' Hhat^Sf 'f "'
Bar„Ta'?d'mXtf/^dT'Brrct';i77-''^'¥-" -^^^^^^^^

.«d is usually sown wi?;,"l«gr'"^;feXA-"3o"/oX.r ."J:

14

lured «Kv rSJ° •^"°*.' P' "?P °?"y ^•'*»" ^*= P«""^'d ofFor
hiv ?. n^Jt-f^' •♦ K. f "^^^ "'>"' 7""» " «o"i«imes difficult. The
If fJt ?^ I £f /'* ^°'' *^ *='«"" °^ "°<=k, but is fed mostly to cattle,
ictfon ^lh^l^A^°'" '"/?"«' the forage i. said to have an Undesirable
tSL'and ttrilbuT °' '°""- "^'^^^ "^" ^"^^^ '* " ^^ ^ ^"^-8
/«. ^."'.^^,*,? Mays) i$ very little grown for forage and even less
in*!??v. '° ^".'"'^ ^*""^*' *'^^°"8^ f°' the former purpose is
k yields f«r 8 l^^inT' "°P' ^'' •^"^"- U"^" good management
irinln. .^r ° •^°°' °l '"°" P^*" ^"«' Sreen weight, it is^an

f55 * '^'^'"^ TP' ", °,"'' ^"' »'^^8« "°P and even its dry cured
fodder makes good stock /ood. The varieties used are chiefly of the

Jorthirv^l'm°.?^fl''^°"i?^^'"^^') ^'^'" '^ * favorite aidJveJy
Tnd « Ll?;n^^ ^'^^ ^'""' "Conipton's Early," "Dakota White 'flin?
!n3 "n I ^ are among the heaviest yields. "Free Press," "Gehu"
«nd Quebec Eight Rowed^' are earlier but yield less forage.

!n Mll^*'Q-*'^*'^!r*° *'°"' ". "'"*"y P'*°t«*^ about the lastlten days
1^ I' r u" *^x* ''°"1'^ P^*°" ""^^ ^^T tender and suffer severely
from the lightest frost, the aim is to sow'it as soon as possible after

chosVn foT'JoS""^ ' " P*"- ^''^' ''"'"' '^^'"y '^^' «^°"W be

1/

SSaSBT

l*^

Corn Harvesting on University F«rm

hJIl n^ntfn J^*"^*"! '°' ^°"^* *=°'^i' "/"''"y P^"ted in drills, although
hiU plantmg is not uncommon. The former_method. gives more forage

15

cannot bHaisfa^toS; cured It U u«!f n'""'^ 'Jl""'"? '^«^ ^'''^
and early fall S" for catUe iLeo aSd £"""^"1 I *' '"•*= 'H°»™«'

•re gT'dTaiij r„«t"ir,xr.'p.'"pisji>' te ^" °-"'"' ""^

SOILING CROPS
16

MixturM of Annual Crops for Hay and Pattura— The most
comraonly u«cd mixture is peas and oats, but barley and oats, and
barley, oats and spring rj'c, are sometimes grown. The two last men-
tioned are usually used for pasture purposes only. A very heavy
yielding pasture mixture is made up of neas 60, Oat« 34, Millet 2 and
J^*P* ■*• j'^'^e rape should be omitted if the pasturage is desired for

SUMMARY

. h* J*** «*" perennial hay crops for general use in Saskatchewan
are Western Rye Grass, Brome grass and Alfalfa, either singly or in
combination. The best annual hay crops are Oats, Peas and Oats,
ISeardless Barley and Winter Rye.

\/t \' ST'P' that are of secondary importance for hay are Timothy,
Meadow Fescue and the Millets. Some that may later become useful
are the clovers— Red and alsike, and possibly Sweet Clover.

3. The best crops for permanent pasture are Brome grass, or
Brome grass and Alfalfa mixed. Less productive though useful pas-
ind Sfal?/** "^ K:entucky Blue grass or Red Top mixed with Timothy

4. The best crops for annual pasture are Winter Rye, Oats, or
Peat and Oats, or Oats and Barley and Rape. Sweet clover, a bien-
niaJ, may become a useful pasture plant, particularly on light soils.

5. The best soiling crops in the order of their possible readiness
for use are Winter Rye, Alfalfa, Peas and Oats, Corn and Rape.

17

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